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DUNGLI  SON'S 


MEDICAL   DICTIONARY 


WORKS  BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 


I.    (Just    Issued.) 

HUMAN  PHYSIOLO'GY: 

EIGHTH   EDITION, REVISED,    MODIFIED,   AND   ENLARGED. 

In  two  large  and,  handsome  octavo  volumes,  of  about  1500  pages.;  leather,  price,  $7. 


lu  preparing  the  present  edition,  "no  paias 
have  been  spared  to  make  the  work  a  complete 
expression  of  the  science  of  the  day."  This 
statement  our  own  examination  of  the  work  en- 
ables us  to  confirm ;  every  page  of  it  testifying 
to  the  author's  industry  in  culling  from  various 
quarters  and  sources  all  that  was  valuable  in  the 
physiological  contributions  to  science  of  the  last 
few  years.  The  careful  and  scrutinizing  spirit 
exhibited  by  the  writer  when  investigating  mooted 
questions,  the  extensive  information  he  possesses 


of  general  science  in  almost  every  department, 
and  the  clear  and  happy  style  in  which  he  pre- 
sents his  views,  render  his  Physiology  one  of  the 
most  reliable  and  attractive  works  in  our  language. 
To  the  practitioner  and  general  reader,  we  can 
heartily  recommend  it  as  an  excellent  resum6  of 
the  present  state  of  physiological  science.  As  a 
text-book  for  the  student,  we  think  it  has  no  su- 
perior in  our  language,  and  for  this  object  we 
presume  it  was  chieiiy,  if  not  expressly  written. — 
Med.  Examiner,  Oct.,  1856. 


II,    (Now   Ready,    July,    185  7.) 

GENEEAL  THEEAPEUTICS  AND  MATERIA  MEDICA! 

ADAPTED     FOR    A    MEDICAL    TEXT-BOOK. 

WITH      ABOUT     TWO      HUNDRED     ILLUSTRATIONS. 

SIXTH  EDITION,  REVISED  AND  IMPROVED. 

In  two  very  handsome  octavo  volumes,  of  about  WOO  pages  ;  leather,  price  $6. 


The  most  complete  and  satisfactory  exponent 
of  the  existing  state  of  Therapeutical  Science, 
within  the  moderate  limits  of  a  text- book,  of  any 
hitherto  published.  What  gives  the  work  a  su- 
perior value,  in  our  judgment,  is  the  happy  blend- 
ing of  Therapeutics  and  Materia  Medica,  as  they 
are  or  ought  to  be  taught  in  all  our  Medical 
schools;  going  no  further  into  the  nature  and 
commercial  history  of  drugs  than  is  indispensable 


for  the  medical  student.  This  gives  to  the  treatise 
a  clinical  and  practical  character,  calculated  to 
benefit,  in  the  highest  degree,  both  students  and 
practitioners.  We  shall  adopt  it  as  a  text-book 
for  our  classes,  while  pursuing  this  branch  of 
medicine,  and  shall  be  happy  to  learn  that  it  has 
been  adopted  as  such  in  all  of  our  medical  insti- 
tutions.—  The  N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


III.    (Just    Issued.) 

NEW  REMEDIES: 

WITH  rORMUlJi  FOR  THEIK  PREPARATION  AND  ADMINISTRATION. 

Seventh.  Edition,  with,  extensive  Additions. 
In  one  very  large  octavo  volume,  of  110  pages  ;  leather,  S3. 75. 


It  may  be  considered  almost  a  work  of  super- 
erogation to  enter  into  an  elaborate  criticism  of  a 
work  which  has  reached  its  seventh  edition.  The 
public  has  pronounced,  in  the  most  authoritative 
manner,  its  verdict,  and  we  are  certainly  not  dis- 
posed in  the  present  instance  to  dispute  its  de- 
cision. In  truth,  such  books  as  this  will  always 
be  favorably  received  by  the  Profession  of  our 
country.  They  are  labor-saving  productions, 
which,  at  the  expense  of  much  research  and 
reading  to  the  author,  condense  in  a  convenient 


space  the  novelties  and  discoveries  of  the  age. 
The  present  edition  of  this  work  is  considerably 
enlarged  and  improved.  The  author,  with  his 
accustomed  accuracy,  has  elaborated  and  amplified 
many  of  the  articles  but  casually  or  imperfectly 
treated  of  in  the  former  editions;  and  he  has  also 
added  considerably  to  the  list  of  new  remedies. 
About  thirty  new  agents,  or  novel  applications 
of  old  remedies,  are  introduced  to  the  notice  of  the 
reader  in  this  edition.  —  Va.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour., 
Sept.,  1856. 


IV. 

THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE. 

A  TREATISE  ON  SPECIAL  PATHOLOGY  AND  THERAPEUTICS. 

THIRD   AND   REVISED   EDITION. 

In  two  large  octavo  volumes,  of  about  1500  pages  ;  leather,  $6.25. 

The  student  of  medicine  will  find  in  these  two  that  will  nerve  him  with  courage,  and  faithfully 
elegant  volumes  a  mine  of  facts,  a  gathering  of  direct  him  in  his  efforts  to  relieve  the  physical  suf- 
precepts  and  advice  from  the  world  of  experience,    ferings  of  the  race. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour, 


BLANCHAED  AND  LEA,  PHILADELPHIA. 


MEDICAL   LEXICON. 


DICTIONARY 


MEDICAL  SCIENCE; 


C  ONTAINING 


A  CONCISE   EXPLANATION  OF  THE  VARIOUS   SUBJECTS  AND  TERMS   OF  ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY, 
PATHOLOGY,  HYGIENE,  THERAPEUTICS,  PHARMACOLOGY,  PHARMACY,  SURGERY,   OB- 
STETRICS,  MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE,   DENTISTRY,   Etc.;   NOTICES   OF  CLI-' 
MATE,  AND   OF  MINERAL  WATERS;   FORMULA   FOR  OFFICINAL, 
EMPIRICAL,  AND  DIETETIC  PREPARATIONS,  Etc.; 


FRENCH  AND  OTHER  SYNONYMES, 


ROBLEY    DUNGLISON,  M.D.,   LL.D., 

PROFESSOR    OF    THE    INSTITUTES    OF    MEDICINE,   ETC., 

IN    THE   JEFFERSON    MEDICAL    COLLEGE 

OF    PHILADELPHIA. 


REVISED  AND  VERY  GREATLY  ENLARGED. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
BLANCHARD     AND     LEA. 

1858. 


^ec    Lo// 


■/.  / 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1857,  by 
BLANCHARD   AND   LEA, 
the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

COLLINS,  PRDSTTER. 


PREFACE. 


On  this  new  edition  of  his  "Medical  Lexicon,^'  the  author  has  bestowed 
more  than  usual  labour.  It  is  not  more  than  four  years  since  a  friendly  re- 
viewer, in  one  of  the  most  learned  of  European  medical  periodicals,  (the 
"British  and  Foreign  Medico- Chirurgical  Beview''  tov  Jnlj,  1853,  p.  205,) 
in  noticing  a  former  edition,  remarked,  that  the  labour  which  had  been  bestowed 
upon  the  work  had  "been  something  prodigious;"  adding  —  "the  work,  how- 
ever, has  been  now  done,  and  we  are  happy  in  the  thought,  that  no  human 
being  will  have  again  to  undertjike  the  same  gigantic  task.  Eevised  and 
corrected  from  time  to  time,  Dr.  Dunglison's  'Medical  Lexicon'  will  last  for 
centuries.'^ 

Yet,  in  the  present  edition,  not  only  has  the  work  been  "revised  and  cor- 
rected," but  about  six  thousand  subjects  and  terms  have  been  added,  which  are 
not  to  be  found  in  the  one  noticed  by  the  "British  and  Foreign.''^  Many  of 
these  have  been  introduced  into  medical  terminology  in  consequence  of  the 
progress  of  the  science ;  whilst  others  had  escaped  the  author  in  the  previous 
editions.  These  additions  have  necessarily  required  a  great  amount  of  labour, 
which— as  on  every  former  occasion  of  the  kind— has  been  cheerfully  bestowed, 
in  order  that  the  work  might  be  rendered  still  more  worthy  of  the  vast  favour 
which  it  has  experienced.  It  has  ever  been  the  anxious  desire  of  the  author  to 
make  it  a  satisfactory  and  desirable — if  not  indispensable — lexicon,  in  which  the 
student  may  search  without  disappointment  for  every  term  that  has  been  legiti- 
mated in  the  nomenclature  of  the  science ;  and  the  present  very  carefully 
revised,  greatly  enlarged,  and  accurately  printed  edition  cannot  fail  to  be  more 
extensively  useful,  and  to  offer  stronger  claims  to  the  attention  of  the  practi- 
tioner and  student,  than  any  of  its  predecessors. 

The  author  is  grateful  for  the  opportunity  again  afforded  him  of  expressing 
his  acknowledgments  for  the  reception  which  the  Dictionary  has  met  with 
everywhere  from  the  profession. 

ROBLEY  DUXGLISON 

Philadelphia,  1116  Gieard  St. 
JuLT,  1857. 

(5) 


PEEFACE 


TO    THE    SECOND    EDITION. 


The  present  undertaking  was  suggested  by  the  frequent  complaints,  made  by  the 
author's  pupils,  that  they  were  unable  to  meet  with  information  on  numerous  topics 
of  professional  inquiry, — especially  of  recent  introduction, — in  the  medical  diction- 
aries accessible  to  them. 

It  may,  indeed,  be  correctly  affirmed,  that  we  have  no  dictionary  of  medical 
subjects  and  terms  which  can  be  looked  upon  as  adapted  to  the  state  of  the  science. 
In  proof  of  this,  the  author  need  but  remark,  that  he  has  found  occasion  to  add 
several  thousand  medical  terms,  which  are  not  to  be  met  with  in  the  only  medical 
lexicon  at  this  time  in  circulation  in  the  country. 

The  present  edition  will  be  found  to  contain  many  hundred  more  terms  than  the 
first,  and  to  hare  experienced  numerous  additions  and  modifications. 

The  author's  object  has  not  been  to  make  the  work  a  mere  lexicon  or  dictionary 
of  terms,  but  to  afford,  under  each,  a  condensed  view  of  its  various  medical  relations, 
and  thus  to  render  the  work  an  epitome  of  the  existing  condition  of  medical  science. 
In  its  preparation,  he  has  freely  availed  himself  of  the  English,  French,  and  German 
works  of  the  same  nature,  and  has  endeavored  to  add  every  subject  and  term  of 
recent  introduction,  which  has  fallen  under  his  notice ;  yet,  with  all  his  care,  it 
will  doubtless  be  found  that  subjects  have  been  omitted.  The  numerous  additions, 
however,  which  he  has  made,  and  his  strong  desire  to  be  useful,  "  by  removing 
rubbish  and  clearing  obstructions  from  the  paths  through  which  learning  and  genius 
press  forward  to  conquest  and  glory,"  will,  he  trusts,  extenuate  these  and  other 
objections  that  might  be  urged  against  the  work ;  especially  when  the  toil,  which 
every  compiler  of  a  dictionary  must  endure,  is  taken  into  consideration ;  a  toil  which 
has  been  so  forcibly  depicted  by  the  great  English  Lexicographer,  as  well  as  by  the 
distinguished  Scaliger  : 

"  Si  quelqu'un  a  commis  quelque  crime  odieux, 
S'il  a  tue  son  pfere,  ou  blasph^m^  les  Dieux, 
Qu'il  fasse  un  Lexicon :  s'il  est  supplice  au  monde 
Qui  le  punisse  mieux,  je  veux  que  Ton  me  tonde." 


EXPLANATION. 


If  the  simple  synonymy  of  any  term  be  needed,  a  mere  reference  to  the  term 
may  be  sufficient ;  but  if  farther  information  be  desired,  it  may  be  obtained  under 
the  term  referred  to.  For  example,  the  French  word  Tronc  is  said  to  be 
synonymous  with  Trunk.  This  may  be  sufficient  for  the  inquirer  :  should  it 
not,  the  requisite  information  may  be  found  by  turning  to  Trunk. 


ABBREYIATIOK-S  ARBITRARILY  EMPLOYED. 


Arab. 

Arabic. 

P. 

Portuguese. 

Ch. 

Chaussier. 

Ph.  D. 

Pharmacopoeia 

I  of  Dublin. 

D. 

Dutch. 

Ph.  E. 

<( 

Edinburgh. 

Da. 

Danish, 

Ph.  L. 

( i 

London. 

E. 

English. 

Ph.  P. 

It 

Paris. 

F. 

French. 

Ph.  U.  S 

K 

of  the  Uni- 

F. or  Fah. 

Fahrenheit. 

ted    States 

Fam. 

Family. 

ofAmerica. 

G. 

German. 

PI. 

Plural. 

Heb. 

Hebrew. 

Prov, 

Provincial. 

I. 

Italian. 

R, 

Reaumur, 

Imp.  meas. 

Imperial  measure. 

S. 

Spanish. 

Ir. 

Irish. 

s.g. 

Specific  Gravity. 

L. 

Latin. 

Sax. 

Anglo-Saxon. 

Linn, 

Linnaeus. 

Sc. 

Scottish. 

:N'at.  Ord. 

Natural  Order. 

Sex.  Syst 

Sexual  System 

Old  Eng. 

Old  English. 

Sw. 

Swedish. 

Ord. 

Order. 

Yulg. 

Yulgarly. 

(7) 


DICTIONAEY 


MEDICAL  SCIENCE. 


A. 


A,  before  a  consonant;  An  before  a  vowel,  a,  av, 
have,  in  the  compound  medical  terms,  a  privative 
or  debasing  signification,  like  that  of  the  particles 
in,  im,  un,  ir,  in  English.  Thus:  Stheni'a  means 
strength;  ^sfAenr'a,  want  of  strength;  AncBmia, 
want  of  blood,  etc.  Occasionally,  in  compound 
words,  they  have  an  intensive  meaning. 

AACHEN,  Aix-la-Chapolle. 

A,  or  AA.     See  Abbreviation. 

AANDE,  Breath. 

AAKZHIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A.  is 
in  the  canton  of  Berne,  in  Switzerland.  The 
chief  spring  contains  chlorides  of  calcium  and 
sodium,  sulphates  of  lime  and  soda,  osyd  of 
iron,  and  sulphohydric  acid  gas. 

AASMUS,  Anhelatio. 

ABACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  hydro- 
sulphuretted  saline  spring  not  far  from  Ratisbon 
or  Regentsberg,  in  Bavaria. 

ABAISSE3IENT,  Depression ;  a.  de  la  Cata- 
racte,  see  Cataract— a.  de  la  Matrice,  Prolapsus 
uteri. 

ABAISSEUR  BE  L'AILE  DU  NEZ,  De- 
pressor alfe  nasi— or.  de  I'angle  des  Vevres,  De- 
pressor anguli  oris— a.  de  la  lime  inferieure, 
Depressor  labii  inferioris— n.  de  la  laiigue,  Glos- 
socatochus — a.  de  la  machoire  inferieure,  Digas- 
tricus — a.  de  I'ceil,  Rectus  inferior  oculi 

ABALIENATIO  MENTIS,  Insanity. 

ABALIENA'TUS.  Corrui^tus,  Corrupted;  from 
ah,  and  ahenus,  'different.'  Membra  ahaliena'ta. 
Limbs  dead  or  benumbed.  — Celsus,  Scribonius 
Largus. 

ABANGA.  Name  given  by  the  inhabitants  of 
St.  Thomas  to  the  fruit  of  a  palm  tree,  the  seeds 
of  which  they  consider  very  useful  in  diseases 
of  the  chest,  in  the  dose  of  three  or  four,  two  or 
three  times  a  day. 

ABAPTIST'A.  Abapfis'ton  or  Abaptis' turn,  from 
a,  privative,  and  ParTi^etv,  'to  plunge.'  A  term 
applied  to  the  old  trepan,  the  conical  shape  of 
which  prevented  it  from  plunging  suddenly  into 
the  cavity  of  the  cranium 

ABAPTISTON,  Abaptista. 

ABAPTISTUM,  Abaptista. 

ABAREMO-TEMO.  A  Brazilian  tree,  which 
grows  in  the  mountains,  and  appears  to  be  a 
mimosa.  Piso  relates  that  the  decoction  of  its 
bark,  which  is  bitter  and  astringent,  was  applied 
m  that  country  to  ulcers  of  a  bad  character. 

ABARNAHAS,  Mao-nesia 

ABARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis,  and  Synar- 
throsis.  -^ 

ABATARDJSSE3fENT,-Deo-eneTation 
A  BA  TTEMENT,  Pros  tra  tion . 
1 


ABBREVIATION 


'      ABATTIS,  Giblets. 

ABBECOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  A 
chalybeate  spring,  sis  leagues  from  Paris,  and 
one  from  Poissy.  It  was  once  much  frequented, 
but  is  now  abandoned. 

ABBEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  An 
acidulous  chalybeate  at  Abbeville,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Somme,  France. 

ABBREVIA'TION,  Ahhrevia'tio,  Brachyn'sis, 
Brachys'mos,  Abbreviatu'ra.  (F.)  Abreviation, 
from  hrevis,  'short.'  Abbreviations  are  chiefly 
used  in  medicinal  formulse.  They  are  by  no 
means  as  frequently  employed  now  as  of  old, 
when  every  article  had  its  appropriate  symbol. 
The  following  are  some  of  the  abbreviations 
which  have  been  or  are  employed: 

R.  Recipe,  Take. 

A.  AA,  ANA,  {ava)  utriusque,  of  each. 
ABDOJf.  Abdomen. 

Abs.  Febr.  Absente  febre,  In  the  absence  of 
fever. 

Ad.  or  Add.  Adde  or  addatur. 

Ad.  Lib.  Ad  libitum,  At  pleasure. 

Adjiov.  Admoveatur,  Let  it  be  applied. 

Altern.  Hor.  Alternis  horis.  Every  other  hour. 

Alv.  Adstrict.  Alvo  adstrictd,  The  bowels 
being  confined. 

Aq.  Aqua,  Water. 

Aq.  Bull.  Aqua  bulUens,  Boiling  water. 

Aq.  Comm.  Aqua  eommunie.  Common  water. 

Aq.  Ferv.  Aqua  fervens,  Hot  water. 

Aq.  Font.  Aqua  fontis,  Spring  water. 

Aq.  Marin.  Aqua  marina,  Sea  water. 

B.  A.  Balneum  arena,  A  sand-bath. 
Bals.  £alsa?7ium,  Balsam. 

BB.  BBDS.  Barbadensis,  Barbadoes. 
Bib.  £ibe.  Drink. 
Bis  ind.  Bis  indies.  Twice  daily. 
B.  M.  Balneum  maria,  (F.)  Bain  marie,  A  water 
bath. 

BoL.  Bnltw. 

Bull.  Bulliat,  Let  it  boil. 

But.  Butyrum,  Butter. 

B.  V.  Balneum  vaporis,  A  vapour  bath. 

C.  Congius,  A  gallon. 
C^rul.   CcBrideus,  Blue. 
Cap.   Capiat,  Let  him  take. 
C.  C.   Cornu  cervi,  Hartshorn. 

C.  C.  U.   Coniu  cervi  ustiim.  Burnt  hartshorn 
C.  M.  Oras  mane.  To-morrow  morning. 
0.  N.   Cras  node.  To-morrow  night. 
C.  V.   Cras  vespere,  To-morrow  evening. 
CoCHL.   Cochleare,  A  spoonful. 
CocHL.    Ampl.     Cochleare    amplum,    A    largs 
spoonful. 

(17) 


ABBREVIATION 


18 


ABBREVIATION 


CocHL.   Inf.     Cochleare    infantum,    A   child's 
spoonful. 

CocHL.  Mod.  or  Med.    Cochleare  modicum  or 
medium,  A  dessert-spoonful. 

CocHL.  Part.  Cochleare parvjtm,  Aten-s-pooJitm. 
Col.    Cola,  and  Colaturcs,  Strain,  and  to  the 
strained. 

Coup.   Compositus,  Compound. 
CoNP.   Confectio,  Confection. 
Cons.   Conserva,  Conserve. 
CsNT.  Contintietur,  Let  it  be  continued. 
CoQ.    Coque,  Boil. 
CoRT.    Cortex,  Bark. 
Crast.   Crcistinus,  For  to-morrow. 
Cr.i.   Ciijui,  Of  which. 
Cr.insL.    Ciijnslibet,  Of  any. 
Cyath.    C^athus,  A  glassful. 
Cyath.  The^,  a  cup  of  tea. 
D.   Dosis,  A  dose. 

D.  at  S.   Detur  et  signetur  {placed  at  the  end 
of  a  prescription). 

D.  D.  Detur  ad,  Let  it  be  given  in  or  to. 
Deaur.  Pil.  Deauretur  pilula.  Let  the  pill  be 
gilded. 

Deb.  Spiss.  Dehita  spissitudo,  A  due  consist- 
ence. 

Dec.  Decanta,  Pour  off. 

Decdb.  Decubitus,  Lying  down,  going  to  bed. 
De  D.  IN  D.  De  die  in  diem,  From  day  to  day. 
Dej.  Alv.  Dejectiones  alvi,  Alvine  evacuations. 
Dep.  Depuratus,  Purified. 
Dest.  Destilla,  Distil. 
Det.  Detur,  Let  it  be  given. 
DiEB.ALTERN.-Die6usc(^fe;'?!»s,  Every  other  day. 
Dieb.  Tert.  Diebus  tertiis.  Every  third  day. 
Dig.  Digeratur.     Let  it  be  digested. 
DiL.  Dilutus,  Dilute. 
Dim.  Dimidius,  One-half. 
Div.  Divide,  Divide. 

DoNEC  Alv.  Solut.  Fuer.     Donee  alvus  soluia 
fuerit,  Until  the  bowels  are  opened. 
Drach.  Drachma,  A  drachm. 
Ejdsd,  Ejusdem,  Of  the  same. 
Enem.  Enema,  A  clyster. 
Exhib.  Exhibeatur,  Let  it  be  exhibited. 
Ext.  super  Alut.  Extende  super  alutam.  Spread 
upon  leather. 

F.  Fiat,  Let  it  be  made. 

F.  Pil.  Fiat  pilula,  Make  into  a  pill. 

F.  Ven^s.  or  F.  VS.  Fiat  veneesectio,  Let  bleed- 
ing be  performed. 

Feb.  Dur.  Febre  durante.  The  fever  continuing. 

Fem.  Intern.  Femoribus  internis.  To  the  inside 
of  the  thighs. 

Fist.  Armat.  Fistula  armata,  A  bag  and  pipe 
— a  clyster  pipe  and  bladder  fitted  for  use. 

Fl.  Fluidus,  and  Flores,  Fluid,  and  Flowers. 

Frust.  Frustillatim,  In  small  pieces. 

Gel.  Quatis.  Gelatind  qtidvis,  In  any  kind  of 
jelly. 

G.  G.  G.   Gummi  gutfm  Gambia,  Gamboge. 
Gr.   Granum,  A  grain. 
Gt.  Gvtta,  A  drop.     Gtt.  Guttm,  Drops. 
Gtt.  or  Gdtt.  Quibusd.  Guttis  quibusdam,  With 

gome  drops. 

Gum.  Gummi,  Gum. 

Guttat.  Guttati'm,  By  drops. 

HoR.  Decub.  Hora  decubitHs,  At  bed-time. 

HoR.  Interm.  Horis  intermediis,' At  interme- 
diate hours. 

H.  S.  Hord  somni.  At  bed-time. 

Inf.  Infunde,  Infuse. 

Ind.  Indies,  Daily. 

Inj.  Enem.  Injiciatur  enema,  Let  a  clyster  be 
given. 

In  Pulm.  In  pulmento,  In  gruel. 

Jul.  Julepus,  A  julep. 

Lat.  Dol.  Lateri  dolenti.  To  the  pained  side. 

Lb.  and  Lib.  Libra,  A  pound  weight. 


Lib.  Llb.  Libra,  Pounds. 

LiQ.   Liquor. 

M.  Misee,  Mix. 

Mac.  Macera,  Macerate. 

Man.  Manipulus,  A  handful. 

Man.  Prim.  I  aue  prima,  Early  in  the  morning, 

MiC.  Pan.  3/ica  panis.  Crumb  of  bread. 

Min.  Minimum,  The  60th  part  of  a  drachm  by 
measure. 

Mitt.  Mitte,  Send. 

Mitt.  Sang.  Mittatur  sanguis,  Let  blood  bo 
drawn. 

Mod.  Prescript.  Ilodo  prascripto,  In  the 
manner  directed. 

MoR.  Sol.  2Iore  solito.  In  the  usual  manner. 

Muc.  Mucilago,  Mucilage. 

N.  M.  Nux  moschata,  Nutmeg. 

0.  Octarius,  A  pint. 

01.  Oleum,  Oil. 
Ol.  Lini,  S.  I.  Oleum  lini  sine  igne.  Cold-drawn 

linseed  oil. 

Omn.  Bid.   Omni  biduo,  Every  two  days. 
Omn.  Bih.   Omni  hihorio.  Every  two  hours. 
Omn.  Hor.   Omni  hord,  Every  hour. 
Omn.  Man.   Omni  mane.  Every  morning. 
Omn.  Nocte,  Every  night. 
Omn.    Quadr.    Hor.     Omni    quadrante   hora, 
Every  quarter  of  an  hour. 

0.  0.  0.   Oleum  oliva  optimum.  Best  olive  oil. 
Ov.   Ovum,  An  egg. 
Ox.    Oxymel. 
Oz.    Uncia,  An  ounce. 

P.  Pondere,  By  weight,  and  Pare,  A  part. 
P.  and  Pug.  Pugillus,  A  pugil. 
P.  M.  Partes  aquales,  Equal  parts. 
Part.  Vic.  Partitis  vicibus.  In  divided  doses. 
Peract.  Op.  Emet.  Peractd  operatione  emetiei, 
The  operation  of  the  emetic  being  over. 

Pil.  Pilula,  A  pill.  Pil.  or  Pill.  Pilula, 
Pills. 

Post.    Sing.    Sed.    Liq.    Post   singular   sedes 
liquidas,  After  every  liquid  evacuation. 
Pot.  Potio,  A  potion. 
P.  P.  Pulvis  patrum,  Jesuits'  bark. 
P.  Rat.  iETAT.  Pro  ratione  atatis,  According 
to  the  age. 

P.  R.  N.  Pro  re  natd.  As  occasion  may  be. 
PuLV.  Pulvis,  A  powder. 

Q.  P.  Quantum placeat.  As  much  as  may  please. 
Q.  S.  Quantum  sufficit,  As  much  as  is  sufficient. 
QuOR.   Quorum,  Of  which. 
Q.  V.  Quantum  volueris.  As  much  as  you  wish. 
Rad.  Eadix,  Root. 
Ras.  RasurcB,  Shavings. 
Rect.  Rectificatus,  Rectified. 
Red.  or  Redig.  in  Pulv.  Redactus  in  pulve- 
rem,  or  Redigatur  in  pulverem.  Powdered,  or  Let 
it  be  powdered. 

Reg.  Umbil.  Regio  umbilici,  The  umbilical 
region. 

Repet.  Rei^etatur,  Let  it  be  repeated. 

S.  A.  Secundum  artem.  According  to  art. 

Sem.  Semen,  Seed. 

Semi-dr.  Semi-drachma,  half  a  drachm. 

Semi-h.  Semi-hora,  Half  an  hour. 

Serv.  Serva,  Keep,  preserve. 

Sesquih.  Senquihora,  An  hour  and  a  half. 

Sesunc.  Sesuncia,  An  ounce  and  a  half. 

Si  Non  Val.  Si  non  valeat,  If  it  does  not  answer. 

Si  Op.  Sit.  Si  opus  sit.  If  there  be  need. 

Si  ViR.  Perm.  Si  vires  per  mittant,  If  the  strength 
will  permit. 

Sing.  Singidorum,  Of  each. 

SoLV.  Solve,  Dissolve. 

Sp.  and  Spir.  Spiritus,  Spirit 

Ss.   Semi,  One  half. 

St.  Stet,  Let  it  stand. 

Sub  Fin.  Coct.  Suh  finem  coctionis.  Towards 
the  end  of  the  boiling. 


ABCES 


19 


ABDUCTOR 


Sum.  Sumat,  Let  him  take ;  also,  Summitates, 
Ihe  tops. 

S.  V.  Spiritus  villi,  Spirit  of  wine. 

_S.  V.  R.  Spiritus  vini  rectijicatus,  Rectified 
spirit  of  wine. 

S.  V.  T.  Spiritus  vini  tenuior,  Proof  spirit  of  wine. 

Syr.  Syriipus,  Syrup. 

Temp.  Dext.  Tempori  dextro,  To  the  ri"-ht 
temple.  ° 

T.  0.  Tinctura  opii,  Tincture  of  opium. 
Tr.,  Tra.  and  Tinct.  Tinctura,  Tincture. 
Trit.  Tritura,  Triturate. 

V.  0.  S.  or  ViT.  0\^.  Sol.      VUello  ovi  solutus. 
Dissolved  m  the  yolk  of  an  egg. 
VS.   VencBsectio,  Venesection. 
Z.Z.  Anciently  myrrh:  now  zinziher  orgino-er. 
a,  Libra,  A  pound,     lib.  Pounds.  ° 

3'  Uncia,  An  ounce, 
f  5,  Fluiduncia,  A  fluidounce. 
5,  Drachma,  A  drachm, 
f^,  Fluidrachma,  A  fluidrachm. 
9,  Serupulum,  A  scruple. 
'^,  Minimum,  A  minim, 
ss,  Semissis,  or  half;  iss,  one  and  a  half. 
J,  one ;  ij,  two ;  iij,  three ;  iv,  four,   &c.     See 
bymbol. 

The  same  system  is  not  always  followed  in  ab- 
breviating. The  subjoined  will  exhibit  the  usual 
mode: 


f  5iss 

f^ss 
gtt.  xl.  M. 


R 

In/us.  Colomh. 
Tinct.  Gent.  comp. 
Syr.  Cort.  Aurant. 
Tinct.  caps. 
Capt.  coch.  ij.  p.  r.  n. 

Tills,  written  at  length,  is  as  follows  : 
Kecipe 

Infusi  ColomlcB  sesqui-fluidunciam. 
Tinctura  GentiancB  OomjMsitce  fluidrachmara. 
Ciyrupi  Ourticis  AurantiorumsQ\ni-&md.vn.ch.- 

mam. 
TincturcB  Capsici  guttas  quadraginta. 
Misce. 

Capiat  coehlearia  duo  pro  re  nata. 
In  the  United  States  the  directions  are  always 
written  in  English. 
ABCBS,  Abscess— a.  Aigu,  see  Abscess. 
ABCES  EN  BOUTONDE  CHEMISE  Shirt 
button  or  Skirt-stHd  Abscess.    A  deep-seated  mam- 
mary abscess,  following  the  septa  of  the  breast, 
and  appearing  under  the  skin,  so  as  eventually  to 
give  rise  to  one  or  more  subcutaneous  abscesses 
without  losing  the  original  character  of  submam- 
mary suppuration.     A  cavity  exists  between  the 
integuments  and  the  gland— another,  laro-er   be- 
tween the  mamma  and  the  chest— the  two  com- 
municating by  a  passage,  which  is  generally  nar- 
row—the whole  having  the  exact  appearance  of  a 
shirt-stud. — Velpeau. 

^BCES  CHAUD,  see  Abseess-a.  Chronique, 
see  Abscess— rt.  par  Congestion,  see  Abscess— 
a.  Oonsicutif,  Abscess,  metastatic— a.  Diathesi- 
que,  see  Abscess— a.  Froid,  see  Abscess— «.  3Ie- 
tastatiquc,  Abscess,  metastatic— a.  Retro-utirine 
see  Retro-uterine— a.  Scrofuleiix,  see  Abscess— a! 
ooudain,  see  Abscess. 

ABDO'MEiSr,  from  abdere,  'to  conceal;'  be- 
cause It  conceals  the  viscera;  by  some,  fancifully 
presumed  to  be  from  abdere,  '  to  conceal,'  and 
omentum,  '  the  caul.'  Prom  abdo  is  formed  abdo- 
men,  as  from  lego,  legumen.  Etron,  Hypogas'trion, 
Fhysce,  Hypoca^'Uum,  Epis'chion,  Lap'nra,  Hi/, 
pochoi'iion,  GcMter,  Hypoa'trion,  Nedys,  Neia'ra, 
Nei'ra,  Abdu'men,  Venter,  Venter  imus,  Venter 
in'fimus,  Alvus,  U'terus,  The  belli/,  (Sc  )  Kyle 
Bencke,  Weam,  (Prov.)  Baggie,  Hag,  Wem,  Pooh, 
yh.)  \entre,  V.  inferieur,  Bas  ventre.  The  larg- 
est of   the  three  splanchnic   cavities,   bounded,  I 


above  by  the  diaphragm;  below,  by  the  pelvi»  • 
behind,  by  the  lumbar  vertebra; ;  and  at  the  sides 
and  tore  part,  by  muscular  expansions.  It  is  dis- 
tinguished into  three  anterior  regions,  from  above 
to  below;  VIZ.  the  epigastric,  umbilical. and  hypo- 
gastric, each  of  which  is  itself  divided  into  three 
ottiers,  one  middle,  and  two  lateral:  thus,  the 
epigastric  region  comprises  the  epigastrium  and 
hypochondria  ;  the  umbilical,  the  umbilicus  and 
flanks  or  lumbar  regions;  and  the  hypogastric, 
the  hypogastrium  and  iliac  regions.  None  of 
these  regions  has  its  limits  well  defined.  The 
chief  viscera  contained  in  the  cavity  of  the  abdo- 
men, Cm'ha,  Cavum  Abdom'inis,  are  the  stomach, 
intestines,  liver,  spleen,  pancreas,  kidneys,  &c. 
it  is  lined  by  the  peritoneum. 

Abdomej^,  Pendulous,  Physconia 
ABDOM'INAL,  Abdomina'lis,  Ventra'lis,  Ven- 
tral.    That  which  belongs  to  the  Abdomen,  as 
,abdonunal  muscles,  abdominat viscera    &c 

ABDOMINIS  EXPLORATIO,  Abdominos- 
copia. 

ABDOMINOSCOP'IA,  Gastroscop'ia,  Lava. 
\roscop  ia,  Abdom'inis  Explora'tio.  Abdom'inos- 
copy.  ■  A  hybrid  word,  frcm  abdomen,  'the  lower 
belly,'  and  (t/cotem,  '  I  view.'  Examination  of  the 
lower  belly  as  a  means  of  diagnosis.  See  Aus- 
cultation. 

ABDOM'INOUS,  Ventrio'sus,   Ventro'sus,  from 
abdomen,  'the  belly.'  Big-bellied,  Big-paunclied, 
Ventrip'otent.     Having  a  large  abdomen. 
ABDUCENS  LABIORUM,  Levator  anguli  oris 
ABDUCENTES,  Motor  oculi  externus 
ABDUCTEUE  BE  L'CEIL,  Rectus  externus 
ocuh  —  a.   de   Voreille,   Abductor   auris  —  a.  du 
gros  orteil,  Abductor  pollieis  pedis— a.  du  petit 
orteil,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis— a.  court  dn 
/)ouce.  Abductor  pollieis  brevis— a.  long  du pouce. 
Abductor  long-us  pollieis. 

ABDUCTION,  Abduc'tio,  from  abducere,  to 
separate,  {ab  and  ducere,  'to  lead.')  The  move- 
ment which  separates  a  limb  or  other  part  from 
the  axis  of  the  body. 

The  word  has  also  been  used  synonymously 
with  Abrup'tio,  Ajmg'ma,  Apoclas'ma,  a  fracture 
near  the  articular  extremity  of  a  bone,  with  sepa- 
ration of  the  fragments. 

ABDUCTOR,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Abdueteur. 
A  muscle  which  moves  certain  parts  by  separat- 
ing them  from  the  axis  of  the  body. 

Abductor  Aurioularis,  Abductor  auris  — a, 
Indicis  pedis,  Prior  indicis  pedis,  Posterior  indicis 
pedis  — a.  Medii  digiti  pedis.  Prior  medii  digiti 
pedis  — a.  Minimi  digiti.  Flexor  parvus  minimi 
digiti— a.  Minimi  digiti.  Prior  minimi  digiti— a. 
Oculi,  Rectus  externus  oculi  — a.  Pollieis  manfls, 
and  a.  Brevis  alter,  Abductor  pollieis  brevis. 

Abductor  Auris,  Abductor  auricula'ris.  (F.) 
Abdueteur  de  Voreille.  A  portion  of  the  posterior 
auris,  whose  existence  is  not  constant,  which 
passes  from  the  mastoid  process  to  the  concha. 

Abductor  In'dicis,  Semi-interos'seus  in'dicis. 
A  muscle  which  arises  from  the  os  trapezium  ami 
metacarpal  bone  of  the  thumb,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  first  bone  of  the  forefinger.  Its  use  is  to 
bring  the  forefinger  towards  the  thumb. 

Abductor  MiN'iMi  Dig"iti,  Carpo-phalan'qeus 
min'imi  digiti,  Carpo-jihalangien  du  petit  d'oii/t. 
Exten'sor  ter'tiiijiterno'dii  minimi  digiti — (Doul 
glas.)  Hypoth'enar  minor  metacarpeus.  See 
Flexor  parvus.  It  originates,  fleshy,  from  the  os 
pisiforme,  and  from  the  annular  ligament  near 
it;  and  is  inserted,  tendinous,  into  the  inner  side 
of  the  base  of  the  first  bone  of  the  little  finger. 
Use,  to  draw  the  little  finger  from  the  rest. 

Abductor  Minimi  Digiti  Pedis,  Calco-snb- 
phalangeus  minimi  digiti,  Calcaneo-phalangien 
du  petit  orteil,  Parath'enar  major — (By  Wins- 
low,  the  muscle  is  divided  into  two  portions, — 


ABDUMEN 


20 


ABOMASUS 


Parathenar  major  and  metatarseus.)  Calcaneo- 
sous-phalangien  du  petit  orteil — (Ch.)  (F.)  Ab- 
ducteur  du  petit  orteil.  This  muscle  forms  the 
outer  margin  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and  is  im- 
mediately beneath  the  plantar  aponeurosis.  It 
arises,  tendinous  and  fleshy,  from  the  outer  side 
of  the  protuberance  of  the  os  calcis,  and  from 
the  root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  little  toe, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  outer  part  of  the  root  of 
the  first  bone  of  the  little  toe.  Use,  to  draw  the 
little  toe  outwards. 

Abductok  Pol'licis  Brevis,  Abductor  Polli- 
cis  IlanCis,  Scapho-carpo-siiper-phalMigeus  Pol- 
licis,  Sus-phalangien  du  p)ouce,  A.  poUicis  nianus 
and  A.  brevis  altei — (Albinus.)  (F.)  Abducteur 
court  du  pouce,  Carpo-sus-phalangien  du  pouce — 
(Ch.)  A  short,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  which  arises 
from  the  anterior  surface  of  the  os  scaphoides  and 
the  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus,  and  termi- 
nates at  the  outside  of  the  upper  extremity  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb.  A  particular  por- 
tion, on  the  inner  side  of  this  muscle,  is  called,  by 
Albinus,  Abductor  brevis  alter. 

Abductor  Longus  Pollicis,  A.  I.  P.  Man&s, 
Extensor  ossis  metacarpi  p)ollicis  man&s,  Extensor 
primi  internodii  —  (Douglas,)  Extensor  primus 
PoUicis,  Cubito-radi-sus-metacarpien  du  pouce, 
Cubito-sus-metacarpien  du  p)OHce, —  (Ch.)  (F.) 
Abducteur  long  du  pouce.  A  long,  thin  muscle, 
arising  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna, 
radius,  and  interosseous  ligament,  and  inserted  at 
the  outer  side  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the  first 
metacarpal  bone. 

Abductor  Polltcis  Pedis,  Calco-sub-phalan- 
geus  Pol'licis.  (F.)  Abducteur  du  gros  orteil. 
This 'muscle  arises,  fleshy,  from  the  anterior  and 
inner  part  of  the  protuberance  of  the  os  calcis, 
and  tendinous  fro-m  the  same  bone  where  it  joins 
with  the  os  naviculare.  It  is  inserted,  tendinous, 
into  the  internal  os  sesamoideum  and  root  of  the 
first  bone  of  the  great  toe.  Use,  to  pull  the  great 
toe  from  the  rest. 

The  name  Abductor  has  been  given  also  to  all 
those  interosseous  muscles  of  the  hand  and  foot, 
which  perform  the  motion  of  abduction  on  the 
fino-ers  or  toes,  and  to  muscles  which  execute  the 
same  function  on  other  parts  of  the  body. 

ABDUMEN,  Abdomen. 

ABEBiE'OS,  from  a,  neg.,  and  Pcfiaio;,  'firm,' 
Infir'mus,  Deh'ilis.     Weak,  infirm,  unsteady. 

ABEILLE,  Bee. 

ABELMELUCH.  One  of  the  names  of  the  Kici- 
nus,  according  to  some  authors. — Prosper  Alpinus 
Bays  that  a  tree,  which  grows  about  Mecca,  is  so 
called.  Its  seeds,  which  are  black  and  oblong, 
are  said  to  be  a  most  violent  cathartic. 

ABELMOSCHUS,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus  —  a. 
Moschatus,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

ABELMUSK,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

ABENSBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  A. 
is  a  city  of  Bavaria,  where  there  is  a  cold,  sul- 
phureous spring. 

ABERRATIO,  Aberration  —  a.  Lactis,  Galac- 
toplania — a.  Mensium,  Menstruation,  vicarious — 
a.  Menstruorum,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

ABERRA'TION,  Aberra'tio,  from  aberrare, 
(ab  and  errare,)  'to  stray,'  'to  wander  from.' 
This  word  has  several  meanings. 

1.  The  passage  of  a  fluid  of  the  living  body 
into  an  order  of  vessels  not  destined  for  it.  In 
this  sense  it  is  synonymous  with  the  Error  Loci 
of  Boerhaave. 

2.  The  flow  of  a  fluid  towards  an  organ  difl"erent 
from  that  to  which  it  is  ordinarily  directed  ;  as  in 
cases  of  vicarious  hemorrhage.  Aberrations  of 
dense  or  judgment  are  certain  errors  in  the  percep- 
tions, or  certain  derangements  of  the  intellectual 
faculties. 

The  word  is  used  in   optics  to  designate  the 


dispersion  of  the  rays  of  light  in  passing  through 
a  lens. 

Aberration,  Chromatic,  Aberration  of  Re- 
frangibility. 

Aberration  op  Refrangibil'ity,  Chromat'ic 
aberra'tion,  (F.)  Aberration  de  Befrangibilite, 
Chromatisme,  exists,  when,  as  in  a  common  lens, 
the  rays  that  pass  near  the  circumference  of  the 
lens  are  decomposed,  so  that  a  coloured  image  is 
observed.  This  aberration  in  the  human  eye  is 
corrected  by  the  iris,  which  does  not  permit  the 
rays  to  fall  near  the  circumference  of  the  lens, 
and  also  by  the  crystalline  lens  itself,  which, 
owing  to  its  structure,  serves  the  purposes  of  an 
achromatic  glass. 

Aberration,  Spherical,  Aberration  of  sphe- 
ricity. 

Aberration  op  Spheric"ity  or  sjjJier'ical  ab- 
erra'tion takes  place,  when  the  rays,  as  in  a  com- 
mon lens,  which  pass  through  the  centre  of  the 
lens,  and  those  which  pass  near  the  circumfer- 
ence, are  unequally  refracted,  so  that  they  do  not 
meet  at  a  common  focus. 

This  aberration  of  sphericity  in  the  human  eye 
is  corrected  by  the  iris  and  lens. 
ABESSI,  Realgar. 

ABEVACUA'TIO,  Apoceno'sis,  from  ab,  and 
et;ac!(arf,  'to  empty.'  An  evacuation.  A  partial 
or  imperfect  evacuation.  By  some  it  is  applied 
to  an  immoderate  evacution. — Kraus. 

ABHAL.  A  fruit  well  known  in  India,  and 
obtained  from  a  species  of  cypress.  It  passes  for 
an  emmenagogue. 

ABIES,  Pinus  picea — a.  Balsamea,  Pinus  bal- 
samea. 

Abies  Balsamifera,  Pinus  Balsamea — a.  Ca- 
nadensis, Pinus  Canadensis — a.  Excelsa,  see  Pinus 
abies  —  a.  Gallica,  Pinus  picea  —  a.  Larix,  Pinus 
larix — a.  Peotinata,  Pinus  picea — a.  Picea,  Pinus 
picea — a.  Rubra,  Pinus  rubra. 
ABIGA,  Teucrium  Chamaspitys. 
ABIOSIS,  Death. 
ABIOTOS,  Conium  maculatum. 
ABIRRIT A'TION,  Abirrita'tio,  from  ab,  priva- 
tive, and  irritatio,  '  irritation.'    This  word  strictlj' 
means  absence  or  defect  of  irritation.     The  disci- 
ples of  Broussais  used  it  to  indicate  a  pathological 
condition,  opposite  to  that  of  irritation.     It  may 
be  considered  as  synonymous  with  debility,  as- 
thenia, &c. 

ABLACTATIO,  Weaning. 
ABLASTES,  Sterile. 
ABLATIO,  Extirpation. 

ABLEPH'ARUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  p\s- 
(papov,  'eyelid.'     One  who  has  no  eyelids. 
ABLEPSIA,  Cajcitas. 
ABLUENTIA,  Detergents. 
ABLUENTS,  Detergents. 

ABLUTION,  Ablu'tio,  Aponip'sis,  Cataclys'- 
mus,  from  abluere,  (ab  and  lucre,)  'to  wash.'  A 
name  given  to  legal  ceremonies  in  which  the 
body  is  subjected  to  particular  affusions.  Ablu- 
tion (especially  of  the  extremities)  with  cold  or 
tepid  water  is  employed,  therapeutically,  to  re- 
duce febrile  heat.  Also,  the  washing  by  which 
medicines  are  separated  from  the  extraneous 
matters  mixed  with  them. 
ABNORMAL,  Abnormous. 
ABNORMITY,  Anomalia, 

ABNOR'MOUS,  Abnor'mis,  Enor'mis,  Abnor'- 
mal,  (F.)  Anormal,  from  ab,  'from,'  and  norma, 
'rule.'     Not  conformable  to  rule  ;  irregular. 

ABOLI"TION,  AboW'tio,  destruction  or  sup- 
pression, from  ab  and  lucre  {?)  'to  wash.'  A 
word,  often  employed,  especially  b}''  the  French, 
to  express  the  complete  suspension  of  any  symp- 
tom or  function.  Abolition  of  the  sight,  e.  g.  is  the 
complete  loss  of  sight. 

ABOMA'SUS,  Aboma' sum,  Enya'tron,  Ventric- 


ABOMINATIO 


21  ABSCESS 


ulus  intestina'lis,  Rennet,  (So.)  Roddikin,  (F.) 
Caillette.  The  lowermost  or  fourth  stomach  of 
ruminating  animals. 

ABOMINATIO,  Disgust. 

ABONDANCE,  Plethora. 

ABORSIO,  Abortion. 

ABORSUS,  Abortion. 

ABORTICIDIUM,  Foeticide. 

ABORTIF,  Abortive. 

ABORTIFACIENS,  Abortive. 

ABORTION,  Ahor'tus,  Abor'sus,  Ahor'sio,  Bys- 
to'cia  nhorti'va,  Omoto'cia,  Paracye'sis  abortus, 
Amblo'sis,  Amblo'ma,  Amblos'mus,  Ec'bole,  Em- 
hryotoe'ia,  Diaph'thora,  Ectro'sis,  Examblo'ma, 
Examhlo' sis,  Ectros'mos,  Apopalle'sis,  Ajjopal'sis, 
Apoph'thora,  Phthora,  Convul'sio  u'teri,  Deper- 
di'iio.  (F.)  Avortement,  Blessure,  Miscarriage ;  from 
ab  and  oriri,  '  to  rise,'  applied  to  that  which  has 
arisen  out  of  season.  The  expulsion  of  the  foetus 
before  the  seventh  month  of  utero-gestation,  or 
■before  it  is  viable.  The  causes  of  this  accident 
are  referable  either  to  the  mother,  and  particu- 
larly to  the  uterus ;  or  to  the  foetus  and  its  de- 
pendencies. The  causes,  in  the  mother,  may  be  : 
—  extreme  nervous  susceptibility,  great  debility, 
plethora,  faulty  conformation,  &,c  ;  and  it  is  fre- 
quently induced  immediately  by  intense  mental 
emotion,  violent  exercise,  <&c.  The  causes  seated 
in  the  foetus  are  its  death,  rupture  of  the  mem- 
branes, <fec.  It  most  frequently  occurs  between 
the  8th  and  12th  weeks  of  gestation.  The  symp- 
toms of  abortion  are: — uterine  hemorrhage  with 
or  without  flakes  of  decidua,  with  intermitting 
pain.  When 'abortion  has  once  taken  place,  it  is 
extremely  apt  to  recur  in  subsequent  pregnancies 
about  the  same  period.  Some  writers  have  called 
abortion,  when  it  occurs  prior  to  three  months. 
Effluxion.  The  treatment  must  vary  according 
to  the  constitution  of  the  patient  and  the  causes 
giving  rise  to  it.  In  all  cases,  the  horizontal 
posture  and  perfect  quietude  are  indispensable. 

Abobtion  is  likewise  applied  to  the  product  of 
an  untimely  birth, — Abor'tus,  Abor'sus,  Apoble'- 
ma,  Apob'ole,  Ecblo'ma,  Amblothrtd'ion,  Ectro'- 
ma,  Fruo'tus  immatu'rus,  Abortment,  (F.)  Avor- 
ton,  Avortin. 

TO  ABORT,  Abori'ri.  To  miscarry.  (F.) 
Avorter. 

ABOR'TIVE,  Aborti'vus,  Ecbol'ius,  Amblo'ti- 
cus,  Amblothrid' ium,  Ambol'icus,  Phthor'ius,  Apo- 
jjJithor'ius,  Ectrot'icus,  Abortifa'ciens,  Acyte'- 
rius,  Expel'lens,  Phthiroc' tonus,  Phthoroc'tonus, 
EcboVicus,  Contrac' tor  u'teri,  Accelera'tor  Partus, 
Parturient,  Parturifa' cient,  Ecbolic.  (F.)  Abor- 
tif.  A  medicine  to  which  is  attributed  the  pro- 
perty of  causing  abortion.  There  is  probably  no 
direct  agent  of  the  kind. 

ABORTMENT,  Abortion. 

ABORTUS,  Abortion. 

ABOUCHEMENT,  Anastomosis. 

ABOULAZA,  a  tree  of  Madagascar,  used,  ac- 
cording to  Flacourt,  in  the  practice  of  the  coun- 
ti-y,  in  diseases  of  the  heart. 

ABOUTISSEMENT,  Suppuration. 

ABOYEUSES,  see  Convidsionnaire. 

ABRABAX,  Abrasax,  Abraxas.  A  mystic 
term,  expressing  the  number  365,  to  which  the 
Cabalists  attributed  miraculous  properties. 

ABRACADA'BRA,  Abrasada'bra,  the  name 
of  a  Syrian  idol,  according  to  Selden.  This 
word,  when  pronounced  and  repeated  in  a  certain 
form  and  a  certain  number  of  times,  was  sup- 
posed to  have  the  power  of  curing  fevers  and 
preventing  many  diseases.  It  was  figured  on 
amulets  and  worn  suspended  around  the  neck. 


"IXDN1N31X 

N  D  N  T  X  3  T  X 

D  N  n  X  a  "I  N 

X  T  X  3  1  N 

T  X  3  "I  X 
X  H  "I  X 

3  -I  X 

"I  X 

X 

ABRACALAN,  A  cabalistic  term  to  which  the 
Jews  attributed  the  same  virtue  as  to  the  word 
Abracadabra. 

ABRASABRA,  Abracadabra. 

ABRASAX,  Abrabax. 

ABRA'SION,  (Prov.)  Flech,  Abra'sio,  Ajyosyr'- 
ma,  Ap)oxys'mus,  from  abradere,  {ab  and  radere,) 
'  to  rasp.'  A  superficial  excoriation,  with  loss  of 
substance,  under  the  form  of  small  shreds,  in  the 
mucous  membranes  of  the  intestines, — (F.)  Ra- 
clures  des  Boyaux.  Also  an  ulceration  of  the 
skin,  possessing  similar  characters.  According 
to  Vicq  d'Azyr,  the  word  has  been  used  for  the 
absorption  of  the  molecules  composing  the  various 
organs. 

ABRATHAN,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

ABRAXAS,  Abrabax. 

ABRE,  Abrus  preeatorius. 

ABREVIATION,  Abbreviation. 

ABRICOT,  see  Prunus  Armeniaca — a.  Sau- 
vage,  Mammea  Americana. 

ABRIGOTIER,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

ABROSIA,  Abstinence. 

ABROTANUM,  Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a. 
Cathsum,  Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a.  Mas,  Arte- 
misia abrotanum. 

ABROTONE,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

ABROTONI'TES,  {oivos,  'wine,'  understood.). 
Wine  impregnated  with  Artemisia  Abrotanum  or 
Southernwood. 

ABROTONUM,  Artemisia  Abrotanum. 

ABRUPTIO,  Abduction. 

ABRUS  PRECATO'RIUS,  (from  a^pog,  'ele- 
gant.') Liq'orice  Bush,  Red  Bean,  Love  pea.  (F.) 
Abre,  Liane  d  riglisse.  A  small  ornamental 
shrub,  found  from  Florida  to  Brazil,  as  well  as  in 
Egypt  and  the  West  Indies ;  Nat.  Ord.  Legumi- 
nosse.  Sex.  Syst.  Monadelphia  Enneandria;  hav- 
ing beautiful  scarlet  seeds  with  a  black  spot.  The 
roots  and  leaves  are  sweet  mucilaginous  demul- 
cents. The  seeds  of  the  American  kind  are  con- 
ridered  to  be  purgative  and  poisonous.  They  are 
employed  to  form  rosaries,  and  hence  called,  in 
mockery.  Jumble  beads. 

ABSCESS,  from  abscedo,  (abs,  and  cedere,)  '  I 
depart,'  or  'separate  from.'  Absees'sus,  Absces' - 
sio,  Aphiste'sis,  Aposte'ma,  Eepye'rna,  Ecpye'sis, 
Reees'sus,  Impos'thume,  Gathering.  (Old  Eng.) 
Aposiemacion,Apost'hume.  (Sc.)  Hattrel.  (Prov.) 
Coul,  Numpost,  Postime.  (F.)  Abces,  Dep)6t.  A 
collection  of  pus  in  a  cavity,  the  result  of  a  mor- 
bid process.     See  Pyogenia,  and  Suppuration. 

The  French  have  various  distinctive  terms  for 
Abscesses. 

Abees  Chaud,  Aigu,  Soudain,  is  one  which  fol- 
lows violent  inflammation. 

Abees  Froid,  Chronique,  Scrofuleux,  cold, 
chronic,  or  scrofulous  abscess,  one  which  is  the 
result  of  chronic  or  scrofulous  inflammation. 

Abces  par  Congestion,  A.  diathesique,  a  sympto- 
matic abscess ;  one  which  occurs  in  a  part  at  a 
distance  from  the  inflammation  by  which  it  is 
occasioned  :  e.  g.  a  lumbar  abscess  ;  in  which  the 
inflammation  may  be  in  the  lumbar  vertebra3, 
whilst  the  pus  exhibits  itself  at  the  groin. 

Abscess,  Alvkolar,  Parulis — 'a.  Cold,  see 
Abscess. 


ABSCISSIO   PR^PUTII 


22 


ABSUS 


Abscess,  Metastat'ic,  Alscea'sus  metastat'- 
icuK,  (F.)  Ahces  metastatique,  A.  consecutif,  an 
abscess  which  forms  suddenly,  and  sometimes 
■without  any  precursory  signs  of  inflammation,  in 
a  part  of  the  body  remote  from  one  in  a  state  of 
suppuration,  and  without  presenting  a  sufficient 
reason  for  its  development  in  the  place  which  it 
occupies.     It  is  a  consequence  of  phlebitis. 

Abscess,  Perforating  of  the  Lung,  see 
Lung,  perforating  abscess  of  the — a.  Perilaryn- 
geal, see  Perilaryngitis — a.  Psoas,  Lumbar  ab- 
scess— a.  Retropharyngeal,  see  Retropharyngeal 
— a.  Shirtstud,  Abce8  en  bouton  de  chemise. 

Abscessus  Capitis  Sanguineus  NEONATOHmi, 
Cephala3matoma — a.  Cerebri,  Encephalopyosis — • 
a.  Gangrsenescens,  Anthrax — a.  Gangreenosus, 
Anthrax — a.  Lacteus,  Mastodynia  apostematosa 
— a.  Lumborum,  Lumbar  abscess — a.  Mammae, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa — a.  Metastaticus,  Ab- 
scess, metastatic — a.  Nucleatus,  Furunculus — a. 
Oeuli,  Hypopyon  —  a.  Pectoris,  Empyema  —  a. 
Pulmonum,  Pneumapostema  —  a.  Renalis,  Ne- 
phrapostasis — a.  Spirituosus,  Aneurism — a.  Tho- 
racis, Empyema — a.  Urinosus,  Urapostema. 
AB.SCISSIO  PR^PUTII,  Circumcision. 
ABSCIS'SION,  Abscis'io,  Abscis'sio,  from  ah- 
scidere  or  abseindere,  '  to  cut  off,'  Apoc'ope, 
Apothr-au'sis,  Diac'ope.  Excision  or  extirpation 
of  a  part,  especially  of  a  soft  part. — Fabricius 
Hildanus. 

Fracture  or  injury  of  soft  parts,  with  loss  of 
substance. — Hippocrates. 

Diminution,  or  loss  of  voice. — Celsus. 
Sudden   and  premature  termination  of  a  dis- 
ease.— Galen. 

ABSCOXSIO.  Sinus. 

ABSENCE  DU  BRUIT  RESPIRATOIRE, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

ABSINTHE,  Artemisia  absinthium. 
ABSINTHI'TES,  a^Jiv^irni,  Apsinthi'tes,  Wine 
impregnated  with  Absinthium  or  Wormwood. — 
Dioscorides. 

_  ABSINTHIUM,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Artemisia  ab- 
sinthium— a.  Marinum,  Artemisia  maritima — a. 
Maritimum,  Artemisia  maritima — a.  Ponticum, 
Artemisia  pontica — a.  Romanum,  Artemisia  pon- 
tica — a.  Santonicum,  Artemisia  santonica  —  a. 
Vulgare,  Artemisia  absinthium. 
ABSORB  ANT,  Absorbent. 
ABSOR'BENT,  Absor'bens,  from  absorbere  (ab 
and  sorbere,)  'to  drink,  to  suck  up.'  (F.)  Ab- 
sorbant.     That  which  absorbs. 

Absorbent  Ststem  is  the  collection  of  vessels, 
Vasa  absorheii'tia  seu  resorben'tia,  and  glands, 
■ffhich  concur  in  the  exercise  of  absorption. 

A  medicine  used  for  absorbing  acidity  in  the 
stomach  and  bowels,  as  magnesia,  chalk,  &c.  In- 
vei-'tevs,  Resor'bens,  Sat'waiis,  Prmcip'itans. 

Also,  any  substance,  such  as  cobweb,  sponge, 
&c.,  which,  when  applied  to  a  bleeding  surface, 
retains  the  blood,  and  forms  with  it  a  solid  and 
adhesive  compound,  which  arrests  the  hemor- 
rhage. 

ABSORPTIO,  Absorption  — a.  Sanguinis, 
Hsemorrhophesis. 

ABSORP'TIOX,  Abaorp'tio,  Resorp'tio,  Inha- 
la'tio,  ImbibW'io,  Anar'rhophe,  Anarrophe'sis, 
Catapino'sis,  Rhoebde'sis,  Catarrhophe'sis,  Ca- 
tar'rhophe  ;  same  etymon.  The  function  of  ab- 
sorbent vessels,  by  virtue  of  which  they  take  up 
substances  from  without  or  within  the  body.  Two 
great  divisions  have  been  made  of  this  function. 
1.  External  absorption,  or  the  absorption  of  com- 
position, which  obtains,  from  without  the  organs, 
the  materials  intended  for  their  composition ; 
and,  2.  Internal  absorption,  or  the  absorption  of 
decomposition,  which  takes  up  from  the  organs 
the  materials  that  have  to  be  replaced  by  the 
exhalants. 


By  external  absorption  is  meant  not  only  that 
which  takes  place  at  the  external  surface  of  the 
body,  but  also  that  of  the  mucous  membranes  of 
the  digestive  and  respiratory  passages.  Hence, 
again,  the  division  of  external  absorption  into  cu- 
taneous— resorp'tio  cuta'nea  seu  cutis,  inhala'tio 
cutis, — intestinal  or  digestive,  and  pulmonary  or 
respiratory. 

Internal   absorption   is   also  subdivided  into, 

1.  3Iolecular  or  interstitial,  nutritive,  organic,  or 
decomposing,  which  takes  up  from  each  organ  the 
materials  that  constitute  it,  so  that  the  decompo- 
sition is  always  in  equiiibrio  with  the  deposition. 

2.  The  absorption  of  recrementitial  secreted  fluida, 
such  as  the  fluid  of  serous  membranes,  synovia, 
&e.  As  these  are  constantly  exhaled  on  surfaces 
which  have  no  external  outlet,  they  would  aug- 
ment indefinitely,  if  absorption  did  not  remove 
them  in  the  same  proportion  as  that  in  which 
they  are  deposited.  3.  The  absorption  of  a  part 
of  the  excrementitial  fluids,  as  they  pass  over  the 
excretory  passages. 

Absorption  does  not  effect  the  decomposition 
of  the  bod}'  immediately.  It  merely  prepares  the 
fluid  which  has  to  be  eliminated  by  the  secretory 
organs. 

The  great  agents  of  external  absorption  are  the 
veins  and  chyliferous  vessels  ;  of  internal  absorp- 
tion, probably  the  lymphatics.  In  the  chylife- 
rous vessels  and  lymphatics  the  fluid  is  always 
found  to  possess  the  same  general  properties. 
In  them,  therefore,  an  action  of  elaboration  or 
selection  must  have  taken  place.  The  veins,  ou 
the  other  hand,  seem  to  exert  no  selection.  Any 
fluid,  possessing  the  necessary  tenuity,  passes 
through  the  coats  of  the  vessel  readily  by  imbibi- 
tion, and  proceeds  along  with  the  torrent  of  the 
circulation.  Watery  fluids  in  this  manner  enter 
the  blood  when  they  are  taken  into  the  stomach. 
Substances  that  require  digestion,  on  the  other 
hand,  must  pass  through  the  chyliferous  vessels 
and  thoracic  duct. 

Absorption  of  Composition,  see  Absorption — • 
a.  Cutaneous,  see  Absorption — a.  of  Decomposi- 
tion, see  Absorption — a.  Digestive,  see  Absorp- 
tion— a.  External,  see  Absorption — a.  of  Excre- 
mentitial  Secreted  Fluids,  see  Absorption — a. 
Internal,  see  Absorption — a.  Intestinal,  see  Ab- 
sorption—  a.  Interstitial,  see  Absorption — a. 
Molecular,  see  Absorption — a.  Nutritive,  see  Ab- 
sorption— a.  Organic,  see  Absorption  —  a.  Pul- 
monary, see  Absorption — a.  of  Recrementitial 
Secreted  Fluids,  see  Absorption — a.  Respiratory, 
see  Absorption. 

ABSTEJIE,  Abstemious. 

ABSTE'MIOUS,  Abste'mius,  Aoi'nos,  from  aba, 
'without,'  and  temetum,  'wine.'  (F.)  Absteme. 
Used  by  the  ancient  writers,  as  well  as  by  the 
French,  in  the  sense  only  of  its  roots;  one  who 
abstains  from  wine  or  fermented  liquors  in 
general. 

ABSTERGENTIA,  Detergents. 

ABSTERSIVA,  Detergents, 

ABSTERSORIA,  Detergents. 

AB'STINENCE,  Abstinen'tia,  from  als,  'from,' 
and  tenere,  'to  hold,'  Abroa'ia,  Asit'ia,  Liman'- 
chia,  Limocton'ia,  Fasting.  Privation,  usually 
voluntary,  as  when  we  speak  of  abstinence  from 
pleasure,  abstinence  from  drink,  &o.  It  is  more 
particularly  used  to  signify  voluntary  privation 
of  certain  articles  of  food.  Fasting  is  a  useful  re- 
medial agent  in  certain  diseases,  particularly  in 
those  of  an  inflammatory  character. 

ABSUS,  a  kind  of  cassia,  0.  Absus,  which 
grows  in  Egypt  and  in  India,  the  seeds  of  which, 
pulverized  and  mixed  with  powdered  sugar,  have 
been  employed  in  form  of  a  dry  collyrium,  in  the 
endemic  ophthalmia  of  Egypt. 


ABULIA 


23 


ACCABLEMENT 


ABTJ'LIA;  from  a,  'privative,'  and/?ouA»;,  'will.' 
Loss  of  the  will,  or  of  volition. 

ABU'LICUS;  same  etymon.  One  who  has  lost 
the  power  of  will  or  of  volition. 

A  BUS  BE  SOI-M&UE,  Masturbation. 

ABUT  A  (a  Guiana  name),  Pareira  brava. 

ABUTILON  AVICENN^,  A.  Corda'tum,  Si- 
da  Abu  h/on,  Indian  or  Yellow  Mallow,  Velvet 
leafy  Order,  Malvaceae,  (from  a,  privative,'  Povg, 
an  ox,  and  nXo;,  <  diarrhrea,'  that  is,  'a  remedy 
tor  the  diarrhoea  of  cattle;')  is  naturalized,  and 
common  m  most  parts  of  the  United  States.  It 
resembles  common  mallow  in  its  properties,  being 
mucilaginous  and  demulcent. 

ABVACUA'TIO,  an  excessive  or  colliquative 
evacuaUon  of  any  kind. 

oh.t^P^?^l'  ^^^-  ^-.^-^  ^'""''^  gummi-a.  Cate- 
chu, Catechu-a.  False,  Robinia  pseudo-acacia- 
a.  (rermanica,  see  Prunus  spinosa-a.  Giraflfas,  see 
Acac.ae  gummi-a.  Horrida,  see  Acacise  gummi 
—a.  Indica,  Tamarindus-a.  Nilotica,  see  Acaciee 
gummi— a.  Nostras,  see  Prunus  spinosa— a.  Sene- 
gal, see  Senegal,  gum-a.  Vera,  see  Acaciaj  gum- 
mi-a.  Zeylonica,  Hfsmatoxylon  Campechianum 
ACACIA    GUMMI,    Aca'cia,    from    a.,,    'a 
point,   so  called  in  consequence  of  its  spines    G 
Aca  ocBArab'iccB,  G.  Mimo'scB,  G.  Arab'icum,  G 
Aeanthinnm,   G.  Leueum,  G.  Thcba'icum,  G.  Se- 
rapw  ms,  G.  Lamac,   G.  Senega  or  Seneca,  (see 
Senegal,  gum,)  Gum  Ar'abic.      (F.)  Gomm: Ara- 
hujue      The   gum    of  the  Aca'cia  seu   Ilimo'sa 
iV<fot,ca,   Aca'cm    vera.    Spina    ^gyptiaca,   of 
Upper  Egypt,  Nat.  Ord.  Mimose^.-'^^^^.  S,,H. 
Polygamia  Monoecia.     It  is  in  irregular  pieces, 
colourless,  or  of  a  pale  yellow  colour,  hard,  brittle 
ot    a   shining   fracture,  transparent,   soluble    in 
water,  and  insoluble  in  alcohol,  s.  g   1-4317 

It  IS  mucilaginous  ,-  but  is  rarely  used,  except 
in  pharmacy.  Sometimes  it  is  administered  alone 
as  a  demulcent. 

Acacia  Horrida  and  A.  Giraffes,  of  South 
Africa,  yield  a  good  gum. 

cidlSlk*^^'  ^°^  ^°'^''^''  °"^'°^  Anacardium  oc 
ACAJUBA  Officinalis,  Anacardium  oecidentale 
AOAL  YPHA  Betuli'na,  Cauda  feh-a  agrestis, 
{a,  privative  -caAoj, 'beautiful,' and  <S0^, 'touch' 
IS  employed  by  the  natives  of  India  as  a  stoma- 
chic and  in  cho  era.  It  is  given  in  the  form  of 
infusion  of  the  leaves. 

Acalypha  Hispida,  Caturus  spiciflorus. 
*.     u^n''''^     In'dica,     'disagreeable     to    the 
touch.   Cupamem,  Order  Euphorbiaceaj.    A  com 
mon  annual  in  the  gardens  of  India.    An  infusion 
of  the  root,  and  a  decoction   of  the  leaves  are 
cathartic. 

.  Acal'yphaVirgin'ica.  Three-seeded  mer'cury, 
mdigenous  flowering  in  August,  is  said  to  have 
expectorant  and  diuretic  properties 

ACAM'ATUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and.,;,va,,  'I  la- 
bour. This  word  has  been  sometimes  used  for 
a  good  constitution  of  the  body.  According  to 
Galen,  it  means  that  position  in  which  a  limb  is 
intermediate  between  flexion  and  extension  •  a 
position  which  may  be  long  maintained  without 

ACAMPSIA,  Contractura. 
ACANOS,  Onopordium  acanthium  — a.  Spina 
Onopordmm  acanthium.  ^       ' 

vrte.t^.l^^'  IT""'^^  •=°'"'^°-    ^1««'  Spinous 
process  of  a  vertebra. 

frit^^^'^?^?'^^:^^'     ^<=<^n'thulus,      Volsel'la, 

J«n.p;  f  P'  J^""  '•<='"«^'°g  extraneous  sub- 

Stances  from  wounds.— Paulus  of  ^gina,  Fabri 
eius  ab  Aquapendente,  Scultetus,  <fec 
ACANTHALZUCA,  Echinops 


liul^^^^-^^  ^^^SSE'  Heracleum  spondy. 
lartfs!^^^^^"^    I^ECTULARIA,    Cimex    lectu. 

ACANTHIUM,  Onopordium  acanthium. 

ACANTHULUS,  Aeanthabolus. 

tho'ln  M^^^^l^^^^^^'  ("'^'"'^«'  '^  ^P5ne  or 
thorn,  )  same  etymon  as  Acacia.  MelamphyV. 
(urn,  Branca  nrsi'na  seu  vera,  Branlnu'/ine, 
Bears  Breech.     (F.)  Pied  d'ours.     This  plant  is 

muw""'''  ^^^^^'''  ^""^  ''  "'"'^  ^'  '^  'l^- 

ACAPATLI,  Piper  longum. 

1,/?^^rr?^^'  ^'■°°'  "'  P"^-'  and  Kai,\a,  'the 
neart.      liie  state  of  a  foetus  withoui  a  heart 

ACARDIOIIJ^'MIA.  (F.)  Acardiohemie,  from 
a,  priv.r  Kapita,  'heart,'  and  <S</.ci  '  blood.'  Want 
ot  blood  in  the  heart.— Piorry 

ACARDIONER'VIA,  (F.)  Acardionervie  : 
from  a,  priv.,  ,cap<5,a,  'heart;'  and  vtvpov,  'nerve.' 
Want  of  nervous  action  in  the  heart  as  indicated 
by  the  sounds  ceasing  to  be  audible. 

i^^P^^^/^°^^^^'  ^^^^*'  atrophy  ,f  the. 
yioAiiJii,  Acarus. 

AC'ARICIDE,  from  acanis,  and  cctdere,  'to 
kill       A  destroyer  of  acari,  — as  of  the  acarus 

303-0161, 

ACARICO'BA.  The  Brazilian  name  for  m,. 
drocotyle  umbella'tum,  used  by  the  Indians  as 
an  aromatic,  alexipharmic,  and  emetic 

ACARON,  Myrica  gale. 

ACARP'^,  from  a,  'privative,'  and  Kapro;, 
fruit.  A  division  of  the  family  of  cutaneous 
diseases  by  Fuchs,  in  which  there  is  no  "fruit" 
(Germ.  Frucht,)  or  production  from  the  cutane- 
ous surface— tubercles,  vesicles  or  pustules. 
Lentigo,  Chloasma,  Argyria,  and  Pityriasis  be- 
long to  it. 

.4,^'^RUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kap-^g,  'di- 
visible. (F.)  Acare.  A  minute  insect,  one  spe- 
cies of  which  has  been  noticed,  by  several  obser 
vers,  m  the  itch.  The  Acarus  Scahiei,  see  Psora 
Acarus  Giro,  see  Psora  — a.  Comedonum," 
Acarus  Folliculorum. 

Ac'ARUS  Cros'sei,  Crosse  mite.  An  insect  sup- 
posed by  Mr.  Crosse,  of  England,  to  have  been 
developed  in  a  solution  of  silicate  of  potassa  when 
submitted  to  slow  galvanic  action,  for  the  pur 
pose  of  obtaining  crystals  of  silex.  It  did  not 
however,  prove  to  be  a  new  formation.  ' 

Acarus  Folliculo'rum,  A.  Comedo'imm,  En- 
tozo'on  seu  De'modex  seu  Simo'nea  seu  Steatozo'- 
on  folliculo'rum,  Macrogas'ter  plat'i/pus.  An 
articulated  animalcule,  discovered  in  the  sebace- 
ous substance  of  the  cutaneous  follicles.  Accord- 
ing to  Professor  Owen,  it  belongs  to  the  Ara- 
chnida. 
Acarus  Scabiei,  Acarus,  see  Psora. 
ACATALEP'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kara- 
Xapliavio,  'I  comprehend.'  Uncertainty  in  dia- 
gnosis.    Its  opposite  is  Catalepsia.— Galen. 

ACATAP'OSIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  xara- 
^o,jig,  '  deglutition.'      Incapacity  of  swallowing. 
Vogel  has  given  this  name  to  difficulty  of  deelu 
tition.  ° 

ACATASTAT'IC,  Acatastat'icus,  from  a,  priv. 
and  Ka^tarriiii,  '  to  determine.'  An  epithet  given 
to  fevers,  &c.,  when  irregular  in  their  periods  or 
symptoms. — Hippocrates. 

ACATHAR'SIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Ka^atpi^oi, 
I  purge  ;'  Sordes,  Impurities.  Omission  of  a  pur- 
gative.— Foesius. 

ACATSJAVAL'LT,  a  Malabar  plant,  which  is 
astringent  and  aromatic.     A  bath  of  it  is  used  in 
that  country  in  cases  of  hemicrania.     It  is  sup- 
posedjto  be  the  Gassytha  filiformis  of  LiniiEeus. 
ACAWERIA,  Ophiox3'lum  serpentinum 
ACCABLEMENT,  Torpor. 


ACCELERATEUR 


24 


ACEPHALOGASTER 


ACOSLERATEUR  BE  L' URINE,  Accele- 
rator urinee. 

ACCELERATOR  PARTUS,  Abortive. 

Accelera'tor  Uri'n^,  Bulho-caverno' sus,  Bul- 
ho-uretral  —  (Ch.),  Ejacula'tor  Sem'inis,  Bidho- 
syndesmo-caverneux.  (F.)  Accelerateur  de  I'urine, 
Bulho-caverneux,  Ano-caverneux,  from  ad  and 
celer,  '  quick/  A  muscle  of  the  penis,  which 
arises,  fleshy,  from  the  sphincter  ani  and  mem- 
branous part  of  the  urethra,  and  tendinous,  from 
the  crus  and  beginning  of  the  corpus  caverno- 
sum  penis.  In  its  course  it  forms  a  thin,  fleshy 
layer,  the  inferior  fibres  of  which  run  more  trans- 
versely than  the  superior,  which  descend  in  an 
oblique  direction;  the  muscles  of  both  sides  com- 
pletely enclosing  the  bulb  of  the  urethra.  It  is 
ipserted  into  its  fellow  by  a  tendinous  line  run- 
ning- longitudinally  on  the  middle  of  the  bulb. 
Its  use  is  to  propel  the  urine  or  semen  forwards. 

ACCENT,  Sonus  vocis,  from  ad  and  canere, 
cantum,  to  sing.  Inflection  or  modification  of  the 
voice,  which  consists  in  raising  or  dropping  it  on 
certain  syllables. 

The  accent  exhibits  various  alterations  in  dis- 

ACCES,  Paroxysm. 

ACCES'SION,  Acces'sio,  from  accedo,  {ad  and 
cedere,)  '1  approach.'  The  invasion,  approach, 
or  commencement  of  a  disease. 

ACOESSOIRE,  Accessory — a,  du  longFUcTiis- 
seur  eommun  des  orteils :  see  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum  pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius)  — 
a.  de  I'  Ohturateur  interne^  Ischio-trochanterianus 
— a.  du  Pied  d' Hippocampe  :  see  Cornu  ammonis 
— a.du  Sacro-lomhaire  :  see  Sacro-lumbalis. 

ACCESSORIUS  FLEXOR  LONGUS  DIGI- 
TORUM  PEDIS;  see  Flexor  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius) — a.  Pedis 
hippocampi;— see  Cornu  ammonis. 

ACCESSORY,  Aeceaso'rius,  (F.)  Aecessoire, 
Annexe,  same  etymon.  A  consequence  or  de- 
pendence on  any  thing;  as  accessory  ligament, 
muscle,  nerve,  &c. 

Accessory  of  the  Parot'id  is  a  name  given 
by  Haller  to  a  small  gland,  which  accompanies 
the  parotid  duct,  and  is  commonly  a  mere  pro- 
longation of  the  parotid  itself.     See  Parotid. 

Accessory  Sciences  to  Medicine  are  those 
which  do  not  relate  directly  to  the  science  of 
man  in  a  state  of  health  or  disease ;  as  physics, 
chemistry,  &c. 

Accessory  of  the  Par  Vagtjm,  Spinal  nerve. 

The  term  accessory  is  also  given  to  several 
muscles. 

ACCESSUS,  Coition. 

ACCIDENS,  Symptoma — a.  Oonsecutifs,  Con- 
secutive phenomena. 

ACCIDENT,  Ac'eidens,  from  accidere,  {ad  and 
cadere,)  '  to  happen.'  A  casualty  ;  an  unforeseen 
event.  The  French  —  like  older  English  writers 
—  use  the  term  in  nearly  the  same  sense  as  symp- 
tom.    It  means  also  an  unexpected  symptom. 

ACCIDEN'TAL,  Adv^nti" tious.  That  which 
happens  unexpectedly. 

The  French  give  the  name  Tissus  accidentels 
to  those  adventitious  textures,  that  are  the  result 
of  a  morbid  process. 

ACCIP'ITER,  Hi'erax,  'j£/)af,  'the hawk,' from 
aeeipere  {ad  and  capio,)  'to  take.'  Menec'ratis 
Accip'iter,  (F.)  Epervier.  A  bandage  applied 
over  the  nose,  so  called  from  its  likeness  to  the 
claw  of  a  hawk. 

ACCLI'MATED,  Clima'ti  assue'tus,  (from  ad 
and  clima.)  A  word  of  recent  introduction  from 
the  French,  which  means  'accustomed  to  a  cli- 
mate.' 

ACCLIMATA'TION,  Acclimation. 

ACGLIMATEMENT,  Acclimation. 

A  CCLIMATION,  Seas' oning.    rF.)  AccUmate- 


ment,  Acclimatation.     The  act  of  becoming  accli« 
mated  or  accustomed  to  a  climate. 

The  constitution  of  a  person,  who  goes  to  live 
in  another  and  a  very  difi'erent  climate,  usually 
experiences  changes,  which  are  frequently  of  an 
unfavourable  character,  and  the  study  of  which 
is  of  considerable  importance  in  medicine. 

ACCOMPAGNEiMENT  DE  LA  OATA- 
RACTE,  Accompaniment  of  the  cataract. 

ACCOM'PANIMENT,  Adjun'ction.  (F.)  Ac- 
compagnement,  {compagnon,  '  an  associate').  That 
which  is  joined  to  any  thing. 

Accompaniment  to  the  cataract,  (F.)  Accom- 
pagnement  de  la  cataracte,  is  a  whitish,  viscid 
substance,  which  sometimes  surrounds  the  opake 
crystalline  lens,  and  remains  after  the  operation 
for  cataract,  causing  a  secondary  cataract. 
ACOOUCHEE,  Puerpera. 
ACCOUCHEMENT,  Parturition  —  a.  Labori- 
ous, Dystocia — a.  eontre  Nature,  see  Presentation, 
preternatural — a.  Lahorieux,  Laborious  labour, 
— a.  Provoque,  see  Parturition. 

ACCOUCHEUR,    (F.)    Adju'tor  Partes,    Oh- 
stet'ricans,    Obstetri" cius,    Maieu'ter,    Maieu'tes. 
He  who  practices  the  art  of  midwifery.    A  physi- 
cian-Accoucheur, a  Surg  eon- Accoucheur,  a  Alan- 
midwife,  &c. 
ACCOUCHEUSE,  Midwife. 
ACCOUPLEMENT,  Coition. 
ACCOUTUMANCE,  Habit. 
ACCRE'TION,  Accre'tio,   from    ad,  'to,'  and 
crescere,  'to  increase.'     Augmentation;  (F.)  Ac- 
eroissement ;  also,  increase  by  juxtaposition. 
ACGR0ISSE3IENT,  Accretion,  Increase. 
ACCUSATIO,  Indication. 

ACE'DIA,    Incu'ria,    from   a,    privative,    and 
Kri^oi,  '  care.'    Want  of  care,  neglect.     Also,  fa- 
tigue.— Hippocrates. 
ACELLA,  Axilla. 
ACEOGNOSIA,  Pharmacognosia, 
ACEOLOGIA,  Materia  Medica. 
ACEPHALE,  Acephalous. 
ACEPHALH^E'MIA,  (F.)  Acephalhimie,  from 
a,  priv.,  K£(pa\ri,  'head,'  and  aijia,  '  blood.'     Want 
of  blood  in  the  encephalon. — Piorry. 
ACEPHALIA,  see  Acephalous. 
ACEPHALIE,  see  Acephalous. 
ACEPHALOBRA'CHUS,    from   a,   privative, 
KC(l)a\ri,  'head,'   and   fipaj(^i(j>v,  .'arm.'    A   foetus 
without  head  or  arms. 

ACEPHALOCAR'DIA,  from  a,  priv.,  tK<pa\v, 
'  head,'  and  Kap&ia, '  heart.'  Monstrosity  in  which 
there  is  absence  of  head  and  heart. 

ACBPHALOCHI'RUS,  from  a,  privative,  kc- 
(paXri,  'head,'  and  x^'P>  'hand.'  A  foetus  without 
head  or  hands. 

ACEPH'ALOCTST,  Acephalocys'tis,  (F.)  Ace- 
phalocyste,  from  a,  privative,  Kt(j)a\ri,  'head,'  and 
KViTig,  '  bladder.'  A  hydatiform  vesicle,  without 
head  or  visible  organs,  ranked  amongst  the  Ento- 
zoa,  although  possessed  of  few  animated  charac- 
teristics. In  no  organ  of  the  body  are  acepha- 
locysts  so  frequently  found  as  in  the  liver.  Gene- 
rally it  is  the  '  multiple  acephalocyst,'  A.  socia'- 
lis  seu  prolif'era,  which  is  met  with.  At  times, 
however,  it  is  the  'solitary  acephalocyst,'  A. 
eremi'ta  seu  ster'ilis. 

The  acephalocystis  endog"ena  has  a  firm  coat, 
and  is  composed  of  difi'erent  layers,  which  have 
numbers  of  smaller  hydatids  within  them,  and 
are  thrown  off"  from  the  interior  of  the  parent 
cyst.  This  species  has  hence  been  termed  en- 
dogena,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  A.  exog"ena 
of  ruminant  animals,  in  which  the  young  vesicles 
are  developed  from  the  exterior  of  the  parent 
vesicles. — See  Hydatid. 

ACEPHALOGAS'TER,  Athoracoeeph'alus, 
from  a  privative,  K£(paXri,  'head,' and  yaarrip,  'the 


ACEPHALOPODUS       ; 

belly.'  A  name  given  to  monsters  devoid  of  head, 
chest,  and  abdomen;  or  to  those  which  have  an 
abdomen,  but  no  chest  or  head. 

ACEPHALOP'ODUS,  from  a,  priv.,  Ke<t>a^^, 
'head,'  and  -jrovg,  voSos,  'foot.'  A  monster  devoid 
of  head  and  feet.  The  condition  is  called  Acepha- 
lopod'ia. 

ACEPHALORA'CHIA,  from  a,  priv.,  ^.^aA;,, 
'head,'  and  paxn,  'spine.'  Monstrosity  in  which 
there  is  absence  of  head  and  spine 

ACEPHALOS'TOMA,from  a, privative,  Kt<pa\n, 
'head/ and  orro/xa,  'mouth.'  An  acephalous  fcetus 
at  the  upper  part  of  which  there  is  an  openins; 
resembling  a  mouth. 

ACEPHALOTHORA'CIA,  from  a,  privative, 
KE.<pa\ix,  'head,'  and  ^upa^,  5a./)a«:oc,  'thorax' 
Monstrosity  in  which  there  is  absence  of  head 
and  chest. 

ACEPHALOTHO'RUS,  from  a,  privative 
K€(pa\r,,  'head,' and ,Ja)paf,  ' chest,' Apectocejih'alus. 
A  monster  devoid  of  head  or  chest. 
<  -^^^PH'ALOUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kt(pa\r,, 
head.  (E.)  Acephale.  A  monster  born  devoid 
Qf  head.  The  condition  is  called  Acepha'lia  (F  ) 
Acephalie.  ■    v    v 

ACER,  Acrid. 

Acer  Palmipolium,  A.  Saccharinum. 
Acer  Pennsyltan'icum,  StHped  Maple, 
iitnped  Bogivood.  A  decoction  of  the  bark  has 
been  used  internally  and  externally  in  cutaneous 
affections  ;  and  a  decoction  of  the  leaves  and  twi-^s 
IS  said  to  relieve  nausea  and  vomiting.  " 

Acer  Rubrum,  Bed  Maple;  Indigenous.  The 
inner  bark  is  a  mild  astringent.  The  Indians 
use  a  decoction  of  it  for  sore  eyes. 

Acer  Sacchari'num,  A.  palmlfo'lium.  Maple, 
Sugar  Maple.  (F.)  Brable,  Ord.,  Aceraceaj.  This 
tree  contains  a  large  amount  of  sweet  sap,  whence 
a  considerable  quantity  of  sugar  may  be  extracted. 
When  purified,  this  sugar  can  scarcely  be  distin- 
guished from  that  obtained  from  the  cane.— See 
Saeeharum. 

ACERA'TES  Longifo'lia,  Long-leaved  green 
M-ilkweed;  Order,  Aselepiadaceje ;  indigenous 
flowering  in  June  and  July;  has  the  properties 
oi  the  order.     See  Asolepias. 

ACERATO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Ktpai 
Kt^aroi,  'horn.'  Defective  development  of  the 
corneous  tissue. 

^    ACERB',     Acer'hua,     Stryphnos,     from     ncer, 
sharp.      A  savour,  or  taste,  compounded  of  the 
acid,  bitter,  and  astringent;  such  as  is  met  with 
in  unripe  fruits,  &c. 

ACER'CUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  /ctp^y  'a 
tail.      A  monster  devoid  of  tail.— Gurlt. 

ACE'RIDES,  Acero'des,  from  a,  privative,  and 
''T6^l0T>J,\t:-,tr^  °'  wax._Galen. 

ACERO'SUS,  Achyro'des,  PHliyri'nus,  from 
axvpoy,  chaff.'  Furfara'ceoua.  An  epithet  used 
by  Hippocrates  for  the  coarsest  bread,  made  of 
flour  not  separated  from  the  chaff.— Eoesius 

ACERVULUS  CEREBRI.  See  Pineal  Gland 
~A"m?^'^       ""^  Pinealis,  see  Pineal  Gland. 

ACES'CENCY,  Acesceti'tia,  from  acescere,  '  to 
grow  sour,   (aKi?,  'a  point,'  acer,  'sharp.')  A  dis- 
position to  acidity.     The  humourists  believed  that 
^^\^^^,l^y^'^ouTs  are  susceptible  of  this  change. 
ACESIA,  Cure.  * 

ACESINOSUS,  Curative. 
'^^?oJ?'  duration,  Cure,  Medicament. 
ACESMA,  Medicament. 
ACESMIUS,  Curable. 
ACESMUS,  Cure. 
ACESODYiSrES.  Anodyne. 
ACESOPHORUS,  Curative. 
ACESTER,  Physician. 
ACESTIS,  Medicament. 
ACESTOR,  Physician. 
2 


i^  ACETONE 

ACESTORIA,  Medicine. 

ACESTORIS,  Midwife. 

ACESTOS,  Curable. 

ACESTRA,  Needle. 

ACESTRIA,  Midwife. 

ACESTRIS,  Midwife 

ACESTRUM,  Medicament. 

f  CETA  MEDICATA,  Acetica. 

tpFTlln^riFr^^^^^^^'  Cotyledons. 
'  vfnpf    "^  K^^^^^^-'  (^'-^  A<^etahde,  from  aeetum, 
ZTI    '  .      f"''  '^  resembles  the  old  vinega 
vessel  oxyhaph'ton.     A  measure  capable  of  con- 
taining the  eighth  part  of  a  modern  pint.-Atbe- 

rrt!ir  l^^^T..  ^''  ^°*^^°"'-  According  to 
Castelh,  the  lobes  or  cotyledons  of  the  placenta; 
ot  ruminating  animals  have  been  so  called 

Acetabulum,  Cotyle,  see  Cotyloid-a.  Humeri, 
see  Glenoid— a.  Marinum,  Umbilicus  marinus. 

ACETA'RIA,  same  etymon.  A  salad  or 
pickle. 

ACETAS,  Acetate. 

AC'ETATE,  Aee'tas.  (F.)  Aeetafe.  A  salt 
tormed  by  the  union  of  the  acetic  acid  with  an 
alkaline,  earthy,  or  metallic  base.  The  acetates 
chiefly  used  in  medicine  are  the  acetates  of  am- 
monia, lead,  potash,  and  zinc. 

ACE'TICA,  Ace'ta  Bfedica'ta.  (P.)  Vinaigres 
Medicinaux.  Pharmaceutical  preparations  of 
vinegar. 

ACE'TICUM  AC'IDUM,  Aoidnm  Ace'tienm 
Jor  tins  sen  forte  seu  pnrwn  sen  glaeia'le,  Ace'- 
t''>^rad^ca'le,  O.xos,  Ace'tic  Acid,  Strong  Ace'tovs 
Acid  AcidumAceto'sum  forte,  Rad'ical  Vin'eqar 
Spirjtus  Ven'eris  (when  made  from  verdigris,) 
i>prrH  of  Verdigris.  Concentrated  acetic  acid 
prepared  by  decomposing  an  acetate  and  receiv- 
ing the  acetic  acid  by  distillation,  has  a  very 
pungent  and  grateful  odour,  and  an  acid  and 
acrid  taste  Its  s.  g.  is  about  1.046,  and  it  is 
very  volatile. 

_  It  is  stimulant,  rubefacient,  and  escharotic,  and 
IS  applied  to  the  nostrils  in  syncope,  asphyxia, 
headache,  &c.  It  destroys  warts.  '  '  ^  "^  ' 
_  An  Aromatic  Spirit  of  Vinegar,  Ac"idum  Ace'- 
ileum  Lamphora'tum,  A.  aceto'^vm  camphor  a' turn, 

MeolT^''^'"  '"'""'  ""'^'  ^^^'  ^«"'^^^'''-'  ^^' 
A  strong  Acetic  Acid  was  ordered  by  the  Lon- 
don pharmacopoeia,  prepared  from  wood.  It  was 
called  Vinegar  of  wood,  Improved  distilled  Vine- 
gar, Pyrolig'neous  Acid,  Ace'tum  Ligno'rnm,  and 
Its  strength  was  such,  that  87  gr.  of  crystallized 
subearbonate  of  soda  should  saturate  100  o-rains 
of  the  acid. 

Ac"idum  Ace'tieum.  Bilu'tum,  A.  A.  fen'ue  sen 
debiluis,  Ace'tum  destilla'tum,  Acidum  ace'tieum, 
Acidwn  aceto'eum.  destilla'tum.  Distil' led  vin'egar, 
(F.)  Acide  Acetique  faible,  Vinaigre  distill),  is 
prepared  by  distilling  vinegar,  until  seven-eighths 
have  passed  over.  An  Acidum  aceticum  dilutum. 
Diluted  acetic  acid,  is  made  by  mixing  a  pint  of 
the  strong  acetic  acid  with  seven  pints  of  distilled 
water— Ph.  U.  S.  Its  properties  are  like  those 
ot  vinegar. 

AcETicuir  Martiale,  Perri  Acetas. 

AOJETOLAT,  (F.)  from  acetum,  vinegar.  A 
liquid  medicine  resulting  from  the  distillation  of 
vinegar  on  one  or  more  aromatic  vegetable  sub- 
stances, and  which  are  formed  of  vinegar  and 
essential  oils,  or  other  volatile  principles.— Beral 

ACETOLATURE,  same  etymon.  A  tincture,' 
formed  by  digesting  a  vegetable  substance  or  sub- 
stances^in  vinegar. — Beral. 
_  ACETOLE,  same  etymon,  OxeoU.  A  medi- 
cine, formed  of  distilled  vinegar  and  medicinal 
principles  dissolved  in  it.— Beral. 

ACET03IEL,  Oxymel. 

ACETONE;  Ac"eton,  from  acetum,  'vinegar- 


ACETOSA   ALPINA 


26 


ACHILLEA  AGERATUM 


Spir'itiis  pyro-ace'ti'ciis  h'gno'sns,  Pyro-ace'lio 
spirit,  Pyyo-ace'tic  Ether,  Mesit'ic  Al'cohol, 
Bihydrate  of  ilesit'ylene,  (F.)  Acetone;  errone- 
ously called  Naphtha  and  Wood  Naphtha.  By- 
others,  however,  the  terms  are  applied  to  Py- 
roxylic  Spirit.  A  limpid,  colourless  liquid,  hav- 
ing a  peculiarly  penetrating  and  slightly  empy- 
reumatio  odour.  Its  density  in  the  liquid  state, 
is  almost  the  same  as  that  of  alcohol,  0.7921.  Its 
taste  is  disagreeable,  and  analogous  to  that  of 
peppermint.  It  is  miscible  in  all  proportions 
with  water,  alcohol,  and  ether.  It  may  be  pre- 
pared by  distilling  a  mixture  of  two  parts  of 
crystallized  acetate  of  lead  and  one  part  of  quick- 
lime in  a  salt-glaze  jar  (gray-beard,)  the  lower 
part  of  the  jar  being  coated  with  fire-clay;  and 
a  bent  glass  tube,  half  an  inch  in  diameter, 
adapted  to  the  mouth  by  a  cork,  so  as  to  form  a 
distillatory  apparatus.  The  jar  is  supported  on 
the  mouth  of  a  small  furnace,  by  which  the  lower 
part  only  is  heated  to  redness,  and  the  vapours 
are  conducted  into  a  Liebig's  condenser.  The 
product  is  repeatedly  redistilled  from  quicklime, 
until  its  boiling  point  is  constant  at  132°. 

It  has  been  brought  forward  as  a  remedy  in 
phthisis  pulmonalis;  but  evidently  with  un- 
founded pretensions.  It  is  an  excitant,  and  may 
be  serviceable  in  chronic  bronchitis.  The  dose 
is  ten  to  forty  drops  three  times  a  day,  diluted 
with  water. 

ACETOSA  ALPINA,  Rumex  alpinus  — a. 
Nostras,  Rumex  acetosa  —  a.  Pratensis,  Rumex 
acetosa  —  a.  Romana,  PbUmex  scutatus  —  a.  Ro- 
tundifolia,  Rumex  scutatus  —  a.  Scutata,  Rumex 
scutatus — a.  Vulgaris,  Rumex  acetosa. 
ACETOSELLA,  Oxalis  acetosella. 
ACE'TUM,  oloi,  Ojlos,  Ace'tum  Vini  seu  Bri- 
tnn'nicum  seu  Gal'licum,  Common  Vinegar,  Aei- 
dum  aceto'sum,  A'legar,  Ace'tum  Cerevis'icB,  (F.) 
Vinaigre  ;  from  okis,  'a  point,'  acer,  'sharp.'  A 
liquor  obtained  by  the  acetous  fermentation. 
Vinegar  has  a  pungent  odour,  and  a  pleasant  acid 
taste.  One  fluid  ounce  of  the  Acetum  of  the 
United  States  Pharmacopoeia  is  saturated  by 
about  35  grains  of  crystallized  bicarbonate  of 
soda.  It  is  refrigerant  in  fevers ;  antiseptic,  and 
anti-narcotic;  and  externally  is  stimulant  and 
discutient. 

Vinegar  Whey  is  made  by  stirring  a  small 
wineglassful  of  vinegar,  sweetened  with  a  dessert 
spoonful  of  sugar,  in  a  pint  of  milk  ;  boiling  for 
fifteen  minutes,  and  straining.  Like  tamarind 
whey  it  is  an  agreeable  drink  in  febrile  affections. 
Ace'tum  Aromat'icum,  A.  Theriaca'le  seu 
quatuor  fnrum,  Acidum  Ace'ticum  Aromat'icum, 
Thieves'  Vinegar,  Vinegar  of  the  four  Thieves, 
Marseilles  Vinegar,  (F.)  Vinaigre  Aromatique, 
V.  des  quatre  voletirs,  [Rorismarin.  cacum.  sice, 
Fol.  Salvia  sing.  ^j.  Lavand.  flor.  sice.  ^'iv.  Ca- 
ryoph.  cont.  ^ss.  Acid.  Acet.  Oij.  Macerate  7  days, 
and  filter. — Ph.  E.)  Odour,  pungent  and  aroma- 
tic.    U.sed  as  a  perfume. 

Acetum  Britannicum,  Acetum. 
Ace'tum  Canthae'idis,  Vitiegar  of  Cantha- 
rides,  {Cantharid.  in  pulv.  ,^iij.  Acid.  acet.  f^v.. 
Acid,  pyrolign.  f^^xv:  Euphorh.  in  pulv.  crass, 
^ss.  Mix  the  acids;  add  the  powders;  macerate 
for  seven  days ;  strain ;  express  strongly,  and 
filter  the  liquor. — Ph._E.  The  London  College 
macerates  cantharid.  ^ij  in  acid.  acet.  Oj.  (Imp. 
meas.)  for  eight  days  :  expresses  and  strains.)  It 
is  used  as  a  prompt  vesicant. 

Ace'tum  Col'chici,  Vinegar  of  meadow  saffron. 
(Colchie.  rad.  contus.  ^ij  ;  Acid,  acetic,  diliit.  vel 
Acet.  destillat.  Oij  ;  Ph.  U.  S.  1851.  It  may  also 
be  made  by  displacement.)  It  is  used  as  a  diu- 
retic, and  also  in  gout.     Dose  f^Jss.  to  fj^iss. 

Acetum  Destillatum;  see  Aceticum  acidum 
— a.  GaUicum,  Acetum — a.  Lignorum  :  see  Ace- 


ticum acidum — a.  Mulsum  dulce,  Oxyglycus — a, 
Opii,  GuttEe  Nigrse — a.  Plumbioum  seu  Saturni- 
num.  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis  —  a.  Quatuor 
furum,  Acetum  Aromaticum — a.  Radicale,  Aceti- 
cum Acidum — a.  Rosatum,  Oxyrrhodinon. 

Acetum  ScilLtE,  Acidum  Ace'ticum  Scillit'- 
icum,  Vinegar  of  Squills,  (F.)  Vinaigre  scilli- 
tique,  {ScillcB  contus.  ^iv;  Acet.  destillat.  Oij: 
Ph.  U.  S.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displace- 
ment.) Diuretic,  expectorant,  and  emetic.  Dose 
f^ss  to  gij  as  a  diuretic  and  expectorant.  It- 
may  also  be  made  by  the  process  of  displacement. 
Acetum  Theriacale,  Acetum  aromaticum. 
ACEYTE  BE  SAL.  A  remedy  for  broncho- 
cele  used  in  S.  America.  Roulin  found  it  to  con- 
tain a  portion  of  iodine. 

ACHACANA.  A  species  of  cactus,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Potosi  in  Peru.  Its  root  is  thick  and 
fleshy,  and  of  a  conical  shape.  It  is  a  good  edi- 
ble, and  is  sold  in  the  markets  of  the  country. 
ACHALYBHEMIE.  See  Chlorosis. 
ACHANACA.  A  plant  of  the  kingdom  of 
Mely  in  Africa.  It  is  used  by  the  natives  as  an 
antisyphilitie. 

ACHAOVAN,  a  species  of  Egyptian  chamo- 
mile.— Prosper  Alpinus. 

ACHAOVAN-ABIAT.     The   Egyptian   name 
of  Cineraria  maritima,  used  in  female  diseases. 
ACHAR,  Atchar. 
ACHE,  Pain. 

A  CHE,  Apium  graveolens — a,  des  Montagnes, 
Ligusticum  levisticum. 

ACHEI'LIA,  Achi'lia,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ;!^£iXos, 
'lip.'  A  malformation,  consisting  in  a  deficiency 
of  a  lip  or  lips. 

ACIIEI'LUS,  Achi'lus:  same  etymon.  One 
who  is  without  lips. 

ACHEIR,  Achir,  Be'manus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  x^'P'  'hand.'     One  devoid  of  hands. — Galen. 
ACHEI'RIAy  Achi'ria:    same   etymon.     The 
state  of  being  devoid  of  hands. 
ACIIEROIS,  Populus. 

ACHIA,  Achiar.     A  name  given  In  India  t* 
the  pickled  shoots  of  the  bamboo. 
Achia,  Atchar. 
ACHIAR,  Achia. 

ACHIC'OLUM,  Achit'ohig,   Hidrote'rion,  Su^ 
da'rium,  Fornix,  Tholns,  Sudato'rium,  Su'datory 
Siceating-house,    Sweating-hath.      The   eweating- 
room  in  the  ancient  bagnios. 
ACHILIA,  Acheilia. 

ACHILLE,  TENDON  D\  Achillis  tendo. 
ACHILLE'A  AGE'RATUM,  A.  visco'sa,  Bal- 
sami'ta  fosmin' ea,  Eupato'rium  mes'ues,  Age'ra- 
tum,  Cos'tus  horto'ruin  minor,  Ilaudlin,  Ilaudlin 
Tansey ;  (F.)  Achillee  Visquense  /  Ord.  Compo- 
sita3 ;  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  Super- 
flua, —  has  the  same  properties  as  tansey,  bitter 
and  aromatic,  and  is  used  in  like  afi"ections. 

Achille'a  Atra'ta,  Herha  Gen'ipi  veri,  (F.) 
Achillee  Noire,  has  similar  virtues. 

Achille'a  Millefo'lium,  Achille'a  Myrio- 
phyl'lon,  Chrysoc'oma,  Millefo'lium,  Chiliophyl'- 
lon,  Lumbus  Ven'eris,  Common  Yarrow  or  Mil- 
foil. (F.)  Millefeuille,  Hcrhe  aux  charpentiers. 
The  leaves  and  flowers  have  an  aromatic  smell, 
and  a  rough,  bitterish,  somewhat  pungent  taste. 
They  have  been  used  in  dyspepsia,  flatulence, 
hemorrhage,  &c.  An  extract  of  the  plant,  made 
with  proof  spirit,  has  been  called  Achille'i'num  ; 
and  is  used  by  the  Italians  in  intermittent  fever. 
Achille'a  Moscha'ta,  an  Alpine  plant,  has 
been  esteemed  diaphoretic  and  vulnerary  (?)  A 
volatile  oil  called  Esprit  d'lva,  is  obtained  from 
it  in  Switzerland,  which  is  much  prized  for  its 
musky  odour.  It  is  said,  by  Merat  and  De  Lens, 
to  be  the  Genipi  of  the  Savoyards,  which  is  usu- 
ally referred  to  Artemisia  rupestris. 
1      Achille'a  Ptar'mica,  Ptar'mica,  P.  Vulga'- 


ACHILLEE  NOIRE 


ACID 


n«,  Pseudopy'rethrum,  Pyrethrwn  sylves'tre, 
Draco  sylves'tris,  Tarchon  sylrestris,  Sternuta- 
inenio'ria,  Dracun' cuius  Praten'sis,  Sneeze-xoort, 
Bastard  Pel'litory.  (F.)  Hcrbe  d  eternuer.  The 
roots  and  flowers  have  a  hot,  biting  taste,  ap- 
proaching that  of  pyrethrum.  Their  principal 
use  is  as  a  masticatory  and  sialogogae. 

Achillea  Viscosa,  A.  Ageratum. 

ACHILLEE  NOIRE,  Achillea  atrata  — a. 
Visqueune,  Achillea  ageratum. 

ACHILLEINUM,  see  Achillea  Millefolium. 

ACHILLE'IS.  A  beautiful  species  of  barley, 
mentioned  by  Theophrastus  and  Galen,  called 
after  Achilles,  a  labourer.  The  decoction  was 
used  in  fevers  and  jaundice. — Hippocrates. 

ACHILLEUM,  Telepheum. 

ACHIL'LIS  TEXDO,  Funis  Hippoc'ratis, 
Oorda  seu  Chorda  Hippoc'ratis,  Corda  magna, 
Nervus  latus,  (F.)  Tendon  d'AchiUe.  The  strong 
tendon  of  the  gastrocnemii  muscles  above  the 
heel :  so  called,  because  it  was  the  only  vulner- 
able part  of  Achilles,  or  because  of  its  strength. 
See  Tendon. 

ACHILUS,  Aeheilus. 

ACHIMBASSI.  An  archiater  or  chief  of  phy- 
sicians. A  name  given,  at  Grand  Cairo,  to  a 
magistrate  who  licenses  physicians. 

ACHIR,  Aeheir. 

ACHIRIA,  Acheiria. 

ACHITOLUS,  Achicolum. 

ACHLYS,  Caligo. 

ACHMELLA,  Spilanthus  acmella. 

AGHNE.  Lint.  See  Linteum.  Also,  small 
mucous  flocculi  seen  in  front  of  the  cornea. — 
Hippocrates. 

ACHOL'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  X"^^'  'bile.' 
Deficiency  or  want  of  bile.     Also,  Asiatic  cholera. 

A'CHOLUS :  same  etymon.  One  deficient  in 
bile. 

ACHOR,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

ACHO'RES.  A  term  often  employed  by  the 
ancients  to  designate  both  crusta  lac'tea,  and 
email  superficial  ulcerations  on  the  skin  of  the 
face  and  head.     See  Porrigo  Larvalis. 

AcHORES  Capitis,  Porrigo  scutulata. 

ACHORION  SCHONLEINL  See  Porrigo  fa- 
vosa. 

ACHORIS'TUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  'x<^pi(,<^,  '  I 
separate.'  Any  sign  which  necessarily  accompa- 
nies a  state  of  health  or  disease. 

ACHOUROU.  The  Caraib  name  for  a  species 
of  myrtle  used  in  dropsy. 

ACHRAS  AUSTRALIS,  Sapota  — a.  Sapota, 
Sapota  —  a.  Zapota,  Sapota, 

ACHROI,  Ashrom.atis'ti,  AcJiro'mati,  AcJiro'mi, 
from  a,  privative,  and  ;;^;(3u/ja,  'colour.'  Pale  indi- 
viduals.— Hippocrates.  It  is  nearly  synonymous 
with  \u(paijiLOL,  leiphoi'mi,  persons  without  colour; 
bloodless. 

ACHRO'MA,  Chloasma  album,  Leucopathi'a 
partia'lis  acquis'ita.  Partial  privation  of  colour 
of  the  skin. 

ACHROMASIA,  Decoloration. 

ACHROMATI,  Achroi. 

ACHROMAT'IC.AcAroma^'i'cua:  same  etymon. 
A  lens,  so  constructed  as  to  correct  the  aberration 
of  refrangibility  of  common  lenses,  is  so  termed. 
The  CrxjHtnlUne  is  an  achromatic  lens. 

ACHROMATISTL  Achroi. 

ACHROMATOPSIA,  Achromatop'sy,  Chroma- 
topseudop'sia,  Chromatometahlep' sia,  Dyschroma- 
top'sia,  Parachro'ma,  Pseudoehro'inia,  Parora'- 
sis,  Visus  de'color,  Colour  blindness,  Idiopt'cy, 
Dal'tonism,  from  «,  privative,  y^jjiDjia,  'colour,' 
and  oTTofjai,  '1  see.'  Incapability  of  distinguish- 
ing colours;  a  defect  situate  in  the  cerebral  part 
of  the  visual  organ.  Persons  so  circumstanced 
have  been  termed,  by  Mr.  AVhewell,  Idiopts.  See 
Acyanoblopsia  and  Anerythropsia, 


ACHROMI,  Achroi. 

ACHROMODERiMIE,  see  Albino. 

ACHROMOTRICHOMIE,  see  Albino. 

AOHRYSTALLODIAPHANIE,  see  Cata- 
ract. 

ACHYLO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  ;;^tjAo;, 
'juice,  chyle.'  Defective  chylosis  or  formation 
of  chyle. 

ACHYMO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  %i'/JOf, 
'juice,  chyme.'     Defective  chymification. 

ACHYRAN'THES  REPENS,  Illke'brur,,  po- 
lygonoides.  Forty  Knot;  indigenous.  Order, 
Amaranthacege.  A  decoction  of  the  plant  ii 
drunk  as  a  diuretic  in  dropsy,  ischuria,  &c. 

ACHYRODES,  Acerosus. 

ACHYRON,  Furfur. 

A'CIA,  from  axif,  a  point.  A  word  used  by 
Celsus,  which  has  puzzled  commentators, —  some 
believing  it  to  have  meant  a  needle ;  others  the 
thread;  and  others,  again,  the  kind  of  suture. 
"Ac-?'n  mollis,  non  nimis  torta." — Celsus,  Galen. 
(Chifflet  thinks  it  meant  the  thread. — Antwerp, 
1638.) 

ACID,  Ae"idns,  Oxys.  (P.)  Acide,  Aigre,  from 
aKig,  aKtSos,  'a  point;'  sharp;  sour;  especially  as 
applied  to  odorous  or  sapid  substances.  The 
French  also  use  the  term  aigre,  when  referring 
to  the  voice,  in  the  sense  of  sharp  and  shrill :  — 
as  tine  voix  aigre,  vox  aspera. 

Acid,  Acetic,  Aceticum  aeidum — a.  Acetic,  of 
commerce,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Acetic,  dilute, 
see  Aceticum  aeidum  —  a.  Acetous,  strong,  Ace- 
ticum aeidum  —  a.  Aerial,  Carbonic  acid  —  a. 
Antimonious,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum  —  a. 
Arsenious,  Arsenicum  album— a.  Auric,  see  Gold 
—  a.  Azotic,  Nitric  acid  —  a.  Benzoic,  Benjamin, 
flowers  of — a.  Benzuric,  Hippuric  acid — a.  Bezo- 
ardic.  Uric  acid — a.  Boric,  Boracic  acid — a.  Cal- 
careous, Carbonic  acid — a.  Calculous,  Uric  acid. 

Acid,  Careazot'ic,  Ac"idum  Carbazot'icum, 
Carboni' trio  or  Picric  acid.  Welter's  Bitter,  (F.) 
Acide  Oarbrizotique.  «This  acid  is  frequently 
formed  by  the  action  of  concentrated  nitric  acid 
on  animal  and  vegetable  substances.  It,  as  well 
as  the  carbazotates,  is  tonic  and  astringent. 

Acid,  Carbonaceous,  Carbonic  acid  —  a.  Car- 
bonitric.  Acid  Carbazotic  —  a.  Carbonous,  Oxalic 
acid  —  a.  Caseic,  Lactic  acid  —  a.  Chromic,  see 
Chromic  acid — a.  Citric,  Citric  acid — a.  Crotonic, 
see  Croton  tiglium — a.  Cyanhydric,  Hydrocyanic 
acid — a.  Cyanohydric,  Hj'drocyanic  acid — a.  Ga- 
lactic, Lactic  acid- — a.  Gastric,  Gastric  juice. 

Acid,  Gallic,  Ac"idum  Gall'icnm.  (F.)  Acide 
Gallique.  This  acid  is  found  in  most  of  the  astrin- 
gent plants  that  contain  tannic  acid  of  the  kind 
obtained  from  galls.  It  is  in  delicate  silky  nee- 
dles, usually  somewhat  yellowish,  inodorous,  and 
of  a  harsh,  somewhat  astringent  taste.  It  dis- 
solves in  one  hundred  parts  of  cold  and  three 
parts  of  boiling  water.  It  is  very  soluble  in  alco- 
hol, and  but  slightly  so  in  ether. 

It  has  been  highly  extolled  in  internal  hemor- 
rhage, especially  from  the  urinary  organs  and 
uterus.     Dose  from  ten  to  twenty  grains. 

The  last  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States 
(1851)  directs  it  to  be  made  by  exposing  a  thin 
paste  of  powdered  galls  and  distilled  water  for  a 
month,  adding  the  water  from  time  to  time  to  pre- 
serve the  consistence;  expressing  the  paste; 
boiling  the  residue  in  distilled  water;  filtering 
through  animal  charcoal,  and  crystallizing. 

Acid,  Hippq'ric,  Ac"idum  Hippu'rieurn,  Uro- 
ben'zoic,  U'rino-benzo'ic  or  Benzu'rio  acid.  An 
acid  found  in  the  urine  of  graminivorous  animnls. 
It  is  contained  in  human  urine,  especially  after 
benzoic  acid  has  been  taken.     See  Ilippuria. 

Acid,  IIydriod'ic,  Ac"idnm  Ilydriod' icum. 
This  acid  is  made  by  mixing  solutions  of  iodide 
of  potassium  and  tartaric  acid;  filtering  the  liquor 


ACIDE  ACETIQUE  FAIBLE      2  8 


ACIDUM  ACETICUM 


to  separate  the  bita.rtrate  of  potassa,  and  adding 
water  to  make  the  resulting  hydriodic  acid  of 
definite  strength. 

It  has  been  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  pre- 
parations of  iodine  in  general,  but  is  rarely  em- 
ployed. 

Acii),  Hydrochloronitric,  Nitro-muriatic  acid 
— a.  Ilydrocya?^,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydro- 
cyanic, dilute,  see  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydro- 
sulphuric,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — a.  Hydrothi- 
onic,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — a.  Igasuric :  see 
Jatropha  curcas. 

Acid,  Iodic,  Ac"idum  lod'fcum,  (F.)  Acide 
lodique.  This  is  obtained  by  boiling  iodine  with 
nitric  acid;  or  by  decomposing  iodate  of  baryta 
by  dilute  sulphuric  acid.  It  is  a  white,  transpa- 
rent solid,  slightly  deliquescent,  and  very  soluble 
in  water.  It  has  been  given  with  sulphate  of 
quinia  iu  hoarseness,  scrofula,  incipient  phthisis, 
chronic  inflammation,  syphilis,  etc.  Dose  three 
to  six  grains,  or  more. 

Acid,  Lactic,  see  Lactic  acid. 

Acid  of  Lemons,  Citric  acid- — a.  Lithenic,  Uric 
acid — -a.  Lithiasio,  Uric  acid — a.  Lithic,  Uric  acid 
— a.  Marine  Dephlogisticated,  Chlorine — a.  Lac- 
tie,  Lactic  acid — a.  Marine  dulcified,  Spiritus 
Eetheris  muriatici — a.  Mephitic,  Carbonic  acid — 
a.  of  Mill<,  Lactic  acid — a.  Muriatic,  see  Muria- 
ticum  acidum — a.  Muriatic,  dilute,  Muriaticum 
acidum — a.  Nanceic,  Lactic  acid — a.  Nitric,  see 
Nitric  acid — a.  Nitric,  dilute,  see  Nitric  acid — 
a.  Nitro-hydrochloric,  Nitro-Uiuriatic  acid  —  a. 
Nitro-muriatic,  see  Nitro-muriatic  acid — a.  Ni- 
trous, dephlogisticated,  Nitric  acid — a.  Oxysep- 
tonic,  Nitric  acid — a.  Picric,  Acid,  earbazotic 
— a.  Polygalic,  see  Polygala  senega — a.  Prus- 
sic,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Pyroligneous,  see  Ace- 
ticuDi  acidum — a.  Pyrolignic,  Pyroligneous  acid 
— a.  Rosacic,  see  Porphyruria — a.  of  Sorrel,  Oxa- 
lic acid— a.  of  Sugar,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Sulphhydrie, 
Hydrogen  sulphuretted — a.  Sulpho-hydric,  Hy- 
drogen sulphuretted  —  a..  Sulphuric,  see  Sul- 
phuric acid — -a.  Tannic,  Tannin — a.  Uric,  Uric 
acid — a.  Urino-benzoic,  Acid,  hippurie — a.  Uro- 
benzoic,  A.  Hippurie — a.  Urous,  Uric  oxide — a. 
Urylic,  Uric  acid. 

ACIDE  ACETIQUE  FAIBLE,  see  Aceticum 
acidum — a.  Azotiqtie,  Nitric  acid — a.  Boraeique, 
Boracic  acid — a.  Chromiqne,  Chromic  acid — o. 
Gallique,  Acid,  gallic — a.  Hydrocyanique,  Hydro- 
cyanic acid — a.  Hydvosulfurique,  Hydrogen,  sul- 
phuretted— a.  lodique,  Acid,  iodic — a.  Lactiqne, 
Lactic  acid — a.  Nitrique,  Nitric  acid — a.  Phos- 
phoriqne.  Phosphoric  acid — a.  Prussique,  Hydro- 
cyanic acid — n.  Pyroacetique,  Pyroligneous  acid 
— a.  Pyrolignique,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Sul/u- 
reitx,  Sulphurous  acid — a.  Sulfuriqiie,  Sulphuric 
acid — a.  Sulfurique  delaye,  Sulphuricum  acidum 
dilutum  —  a.  Tannique,  Tannin  —  a.  Tartrique, 
Tartaric  acid — a.  TJrique,  Uric  acid. 

ACIDITATIO,  Acidities. 

ACID'ITIES,  Aco'rcH,  Acidita'tio,  Ae"idum 
morbo' sum  sen  prima' rum  via' rum,  Ox'ytes,  Sordes 
ac'idcB,  (F.)  Aigreurs.  Sourness  of  the  stomach, 
the  result  of  indigestion,  indicated  by  acid  eruc- 
tations, etc.  The  afi'ection  is  very  common  in 
children,  and  must  be  obviated  by  absorbents, 
as  raa.o;nesia,  chalk,  etc.,  and  by  regulated  diet. 

AOIDOLOG"IA,  from  axis,  aKi&og,  'a,  point,  a 
sharp  instrument,'  and  Xoyos,  'a,  description.'  A 
description  of  surgical  instruments. 

ACIDOM'ETER,  (F.)  Acidometre,  Pese-acide, 
from  acid,  and  nerpov,  'measure.'  A  hydrometer 
for  determining  the  density  of  acids. 

ACIDS,  Ac"ida,  Aco'res,  are  liquid,  solid,  or 
gaseous  bodies,  possessed  of  a  sour,  more  or  less 
caustic  taste,  and  the  principal  character  of  which 
is  the  capability  of  saturating,  wholly  or  in  part, 
the  alkaline  properties  of  bases. 


Acids,  in  general,  are  refrigerant  and  antisep- 
tic. Their  particular  uses  are  pointed  out  under 
the  individual  articles. 

To  ACID'ULATE,  (F.)  Aiguiser,  Aciduler. 
To  render  acidulous,  or  slightly  acid. 

ACID'ULOUS,  Acid'ulus,  Suba"cidus,  Oxo'des, 
Oxoi'des,  (F.)  Acidule,  Aigrelet.  Substances  are 
so  called  which  possess  a  sourish  taste,  as  tama- 
rinds, cream  of  tartar,  etc. 

Acidulous  Fruits.  Oranges,  gooseberries,  etc. 

Acidulous  Waters,  Aqum  Acidula.  Mineral 
waters  containing  carbonic  acid  gas  suflRcient  to 
render  them  sourish.     See  Waters,  mineral. 

Acidulous  Water,  Simple,  Aqua  Ac"idi  Car- 
bon'ici  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Aqua  a'eris  fixi  seu  acid'- 
ida  simplex,  Liquor  seu  Aqua  Soda  efferves'cens, 
Aqua  Oarbona' tis  Soda  acid'ula,  Soda  loater,  Mi- 
neral water,  (F.)  Eau  acidule  simple,  is  water 
impregnated  with  fixed  air. 

Water,  so  impregnated,  is  cooling  and  slightly 
stimulating.  It  is  used  beneficially  in  dyspepsia, 
and  in  cases  of  vomiting,  etc. 

ACIDUM  ACETICUM,  Aceticum  acidum— a. 
Aceticum  aromaticum,  Acetum  aromaticum — a. 
Aceticum  camphoratum,  see  Aceticum  acidum — 
a.  Aceticum  dilutum,  see  Aceticum  acidum — a. 
Aceticum  e  Ligno  venale,  Pyroligneous  acid — a. 
Aceticum  empj'reumaticum,  Pyroligneous  acid — 
a.  Aceticum  glaciale,  Aceticum  acidum — a.  Ace- 
ticum Scilliticum,  Acetum  scillas — a.  AcetosellEe, 
Oxalic  acid — a.  Acetosum,  Acetum — a.  Allantoi- 
cum.  Allantoic  acid — a.  Amnicum,  Amniotic  acid 
— a.  Arsenicosum,  Arsenious  acid — a.  Arsenio- 
sum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Arsenicum  album — a.  Azoticum, 
Nitric  acid — a.  Benzoicum,  Benjamin,  Flowers 
of — a.  Benzoylicum,  Benzoin,  Flowers  of — a. 
Boracicum,  Boracic  acid — a.  Borussicum,  Hydro- 
cyanic acid — a.  Carbazoticum,  Acid,  earbazotic — 
a.  Carbonicum,  Carbonic  acid — a.  Citricum,  Citric 
acid — a.  Gallicum,  Acid,  gallic — a.  Hydriodicum, 
Acid,  hj'driodic  —  a.  Hydrocarbonicum,  Oxalic 
acid — a.  Hydrochloricum,  Muriaticum  acidum — 
a.  Hydrocyanicum,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydro- 
eyanicum  dilutum,  see  Hydrocj'anic  acid  —  a. 
Hydrothionicum  liquidum,  see  Hydrosulphuretted 
water — a.  lodicum.  Acid,  iodic — a.  Jatrophicum, 
see  Jatropha  curcas — a.  Lacticum,  Lactic  acid — ■ 
a.  Ligneum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Ligni  pyro- 
oleosum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Lignorum  empy- 
reumaticum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Limonis,  Ci- 
tric acid — a.  Lithicum,  Uric  acid — a.  Marinum 
concentratum,  Muriaticum  acidum  —  a.  Morbo- 
sum.  Acidities — a.  Muriaticum,  Muriaticum  aci- 
dum— a.  Muriaticum  dilutum,  Muriaticum  acidum 
—  a.  Muriaticum  nitroso-oxygenatum,  Nitro- 
muriatic  acid  —  a.  Nitri,  Nitric  acid — a.  Nitri 
dulcificatum,  Spiritus  tetheris  nitrici— a.  Nitri- 
cum.  Nitric  acid — a.  Nitricum  dilutum,  Nitric 
acid — a.  Nitro-muriaticum,  Nitro-muriatic  acid — 
a.  Oxalinum,  Oxalic  acid  —  a.  Phosphoricum, 
Phosphoric  acid  —  a.  Picricum,  Acid,  earbazotic 
— a.  Primarum  viarum.  Acidities — a.  Prussicum, 
Hydrocyanic  acid  —  a.  Pyroaeeticum,  Pyrolig- 
neous acid — a.  Pyroligneum,  Pyroligneous  acid 
— a.  Pyroxylicum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Querci- 
tannicum,  Tannin — a.  Sacchari,  Oxalic  acid — a. 
Saccharinum,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Salis,  Muriaticum 
acidum — a.  Salis  culinaris,  Muriaticum  acidum — 
a.  Salis  marini,  Muriaticum  acidum — a.  Scytode- 
pliicum.  Tannin — a.  Septicum,  Nitric  acid — a. 
Succinicum,  Succinic  acid — a.  Sulphuricum,  Sul- 
phuric acid — a.  Sulphuricum  aleoolisatum.  Elixir 
acidum  Halleri  —  a.  Sulphuricum  aromaticum, 
Sulphuric  acid,  aromatic — a.  Sulphuricum  dilu- 
tum. Sulphuric  acid,  diluted — a.  Sulphuris  vola- 
tile. Sulphurous  acid — a.  Sulphurosicum,  Sulphu- 
rous acid — a.  Tannicum,  Tannin — a.  Tartar!  es- 
sentiale,  Tartaric  acid — a.  Tartaricum,  Tartaric 
acid — a.  Tartarosum,  Tartaric  acid — a.  Uricum, 


ACIDURGIA 


29 


ACONITUM 


Uric  acid — a.  Urolithicum,  Uric  acid — a.  Vitrio- 
licum,  Sulphuric  acid — a.  Vitriolicum  aromati- 
cum,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum  —  a.  Vi- 
triolicum alcohole  aromaticum,  Sulphuricum  aci- 
dum aromaticum — a.  Vitriolicum  vinosum,  Elixir 
acidum  Halleri — a.  Zooticum,  Hydrocyanic  acid 
— a.  Zootinicum,  Hydrocyanic  acid. 
ACIDURGIA,  Surgery  (operative). 
ACIER,  Chalybs. 

ACIES,   Chalybs — a.  Digitorum  manus.  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers — a.  Diurna,  Hemeralopia. 
ACINE,  Acinus. 

ACINE'SIA,  Acine'sis,  Akine'sia,  ImmobU'i- 
ias,  Qaies,  Requies,  Requie'tio,  Esych'ia,  Erem'ia, 
from  a,  privative,  and  Kivriiiis,  'motion,'  kiveu,  'I 
move.'  Rest.  Immobility.  Also,  the  interval 
between  the  systole  and  diastole  of  the  heart — 
Parasys'tole. 

Under  the  term  Acineses,  Romberg  includes 
the  paralytic  neuroses,  or  those  that  are  charac- 
terized by  defect  of  motive  power. 

ACINI  OF  MALPIGHI,  Corpora  Malpig- 
hiana. 

ACINIFORMIS  (TUNICA),  Choroid,  Uvea. 
ACINUS,  A.  glandulo'sus,  from  ac"inus,  'a. 
grape-stone,'  (F.)  Acine.     A  glandiform  cot-pus- 
cle,  in  which    secretion  was   supposed   to   take 
place,  and  the  excretory  radicle  to  arise.     Acini 
are  the  gloh'uli  arteria'rum.  ter'mini  of  Nichols. 
The  term  ac"ini  glandulo'gi  has  also  been  given 
to  glands  which,  like  the  pancreas,  are  arranged, 
as  it  were,  in  clusters.     Glands  thus  formed  have 
been  called  glan'dulcB  acino'scB.     See  Lobule. 
ACIPENSER,  see  Ichthyocolla. 
ACIURGIA,  Surgery  (operative). 
ACLEITROCARDIA,  Cyanopathy. 
ACMAS'TICUS,  from  aKpin,  'the  top,'  and  arao), 
'I  remain.'     A  fever  which  preserves  an  equal 
degree  of  intensity  throughout  its  course.     It  is 
also  called  Homot'onos.     The  Greeks  gave  it  the 
name  of  Epacmas'ticos,  and  Syn'ochos,  when  it 
went  on  increasing,  and  Paracmas'ticos,  when  it 
decreased. — Galen. 

ACME,  Vigor,  Cor'yphe,  Culmina'tio,  Status, 
Fastig"ium.  The  period  of  a  disease  at  which 
the  symptoms  are  most  violent.  Arche,  Apxv,  is 
'the  commencement;'  anab'asis,  avafiaaig,  'the 
period  of  increase,-'  and  acme,  aKjiri,  'the  height,' 
(F.)  Eiat. 

ACMELLA,   Spilanthus   acmella — a.  Mauriti- 
ana,  Spilanthus  acmella. 
ACMON,  Incus. 

ACNE,  Acna,  Ion' thus  varus,  Variw,  Psydra'cia 
Acne,  Stone  Pock,  Whelk,  Biihuele,  (F.)  Acne, 
Dartre  pustuleuse  disseminee.  A  small  pimple 
or  tubercle  on  the  face.  —  Gorr^us.  Foesius 
thinks  the  word  ought  to  be  Acme;  and,  accord- 
ing to  Cassius,  it  is,  at  all  events,  derived  from 
aKfir],  'vigour;'  the  disease  affecting  those  in  the 
vigour  of  life  especially. 

Willan  and  Bateman  have  adopted  the  term  in 
their  Nosology  of  cutaneous  diseases,  and  placed 
it  in  the  order  Tubbrcula.  Acne,  with  them,  is 
an  eruption  of  distinct,  hard,  inflamed  tubercles, 
sometimes  continuing  for  a  considerable  length 
of  time,  and  sometimes  -suppurating  slowly  and 
partially.  They  usually  appear  on  the  forehead, 
temples,  and  chin,  and  are  common  to  both  sexes; 
but  the  most  severe  forms  are  seen  in  young  men. 
They  require  but  little  management,  and  consist 
of  four  varieties :  Acne  indura'ta,  A.  simplex, 
(Haplociene),  A.  puneta'ta  (lon'thus  varus  punc- 
ta'tus,  PunctcB  muco'scB,  Grino'nes,  Comedo'nes 
or  Maggot  Pimple,  Worms,  Gruhs),  and  A.  rosa' 
cea. — See  Gutta  Rosea. 

AcNB  Mentagka,  Sycosis — a.  Rosacea,  Gutta 
Rosea — a.  of  the  Throat,  Pharyngitis,  follicu- 
lar. 


ACNE 'MIA,  Akne'mia,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kvriixr;,  'the  leg.'     Absence  of  legs. 

ACNE,  Acne — a,  Ilollimco'ide,  Molluscum. 

ACNES'TIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kvauv,  'to 
scratch.'  The  part  of  the  spine  which  extends, 
in  quadrupeds,  from  between  the  shoulders  to  the 
loins.  According  to  Pollux,  the  middle  of  the 
loins.     The  vertebral  column. 

ACNESTOS,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

ACOE,  Audition,  Ear. 

ACCE'LIOS,  from  a,  privative,  and  KoiXia,  'belly.' 
Devoid  of  belly.  One  who  is  so  emaciated  as  to 
appear  to  have  no  belly. — Galen. 

ACOEMETER,  Acoumeter. 

ACOEMETRUM,  Acoumeter. 

ACOENOSI,  Aeonusi. 

ACOESIS,  Audition. 

ACOGNOSIA,  Pharmacognosia. 

ACOLASIA,  Intemperance. 

ACOLOGY,  Materia  Medica. 

ACONB,  Mortar. 

ACQ  NIT  A  GRANDS  FLEURS,  Aconitum 
cammarum — a.  Salutaire,  Aconitum  anthora. 

ACONITA,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITE,  Aconitum. 

ACONITI  FOLIA,  see  Aconitum— a.  Radix, 
see  Aconitum. 

ACONITIA,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITIN,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITINE,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITIUM,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONI'TUM,  from  Ac'one,  a  place  in  Bithy- 
nia,  where  it  is  common.  C'ynoc'tonon,  Parda- 
lian'ches,  Pardalian'chum,  Oanici'da,  Ac'onite, 
Wolfsbane,  Monkshood.  Orel.  Ranunculacese. 
Sex.  Syst.    Polyandria  Trigynia. 

Aconitum,  Aconite,  in  the  Pharmacoposia  of 
the  United  States,  1842,  is  the  leaves  of  Aconi- 
tum napellus,  and  A.  paniculatum.  In  the  last 
edition,  1851,  Acojiiti  folia  is  the  ofiicinal  name 
for  the  leaves,  Aconiti  radix  for  that  of  the 
root. 

Aconi'tum  An'thora,  a.  Salutif'erum  seu 
Nenioro'sum  seu  Candol'lei  seu  Jaequini  seu  Eu'lo- 
phum  sen  Anthordideum,  An'thora  vidga'ris,  An'- 
thora, Antith'ora,  Sal'utary  Monkshood,,  Whole- 
some Wolfsbane,  Yellow  helmet  flower,  [V.)  Aconit 
salutaire.  The  root  of  this  variety,  as  of  all  the 
rest,  is  poisonous.  It  is  used  as  a  cathartic  and 
anthelmintic.     Dose  Qss  to  ^j- 

Aconitum  Anthoroideum,  A.  anthora. 

Aconi'tum  Cam'maeum,  A.  panictda'tiim,  A. 
maeran'thum,  A.  Kusnezo'vii,  (F.)  Aconit  d 
grands  fleurs,  resembles  Aconitum  Napellus  in 
properties. 

Aconitum  Candollei,  A.  anthora — a.  Eulo- 
phum,  A.  anthora. 

Aconitum  Ferox,  a  most  violent  ranunculaceous 
poison,  which  grows  in  Nepaul,  and  is  the  Bish 
or  Bikh  poison  of  that  country.  Its  effects  are 
like  those  of  the  Aconitum  Napellus. 

Aconitum  Jacquini,  A.  anthora — a.  Kusnezovii, 
A.  cammarum — a.  Macranthum,  A.  cammarum. 

Aconi'tum  Napel'lus,  Aconi'tum  Napel'lus 
verus.  Common  Jlonkshood  or  Wolfsbane,  A.  Ne- 
omonta'num,  (F.)  Chaperon  de  Moine.  The  leaves 
are  narcotic,  sudorific,  and  deobstruent  (!)  They 
have  been  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  scrofula, 
scirrhus,  paralysis,  amaurosis,  etc.  The  active 
principle  is  called  Aconit'ia,  Aconiti' na,  Aeoni'ta, 
Aconit'ium  or  Aconitine.  A  form  for  its  prepara- 
tion is  contained  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  (1851).  It  is 
made  by  treating  an  alcoholic  extract  of  the  root 
with  dilute  snlphtiric  acid ;  precipitating  by  solii- 
tion  of  ammonia;  dissolving  the  precipitate  in 
dilute  sulphuric  acid ;  treating  with  animal  char- 
coal; again  precipitating  with  solution  of  ammo- 


ACONUSI 


30 


ACRID 


nta;  washing  with  water,  and  drying.  It  re-  I 
quires  150  parts  of  cold  and  50  of  boiling  water 
to  dissolve  it,  but  is  readily-  dissolved  by  alcohol 
and  ether.  It  neutralizes  the  acids,  and  forms 
with  them  uncrystallizable  salts.  It  has  been 
used  internally,  and  especially  applied  exter- 
nally, in  neuralgic  cases,  iatraleptically  and  en- 
dermically.     Dose  of  Aconitum,  gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

AcoNiTuir  Nemorosum,  A.  anthora — a.  Neo- 
montanum,  A.  napellus — a.  Paniculatum,  A.  cam- 
marum — a.  Racemosum,  Act£ea  spicata — a.  Salu- 
tiferum,  A.  anthora. 

Aconitum  Uncina'tum,  Wild  Monkshood,  in- 
digenous, is  said  to  have  similar  virtues  with 
Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONU'SI,  Acoen'osi,  Acobn'osi,  from  0^017, 
'audition,'  and  vovaog,  'disease.'  Jiloi-bi  au'rium 
et  audi'tus.     Diseases  of  the  ear  and  audition. 

ACOONOSI,  Aconusi. 

AC'OPIS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Pliny 
gives  this  name  to  a  precious  stone,  which  was 
boiled  in  oil  and  used  against  weariness. 

AC'OPON,  from  a,  privative,  and<iojr«f,  'weari- 
ness.' A  remedy  against  weariness — Foesius,  Gor- 
raeus,  &c.  Ac'opnm, — Celsus,  Pliny.  SeeAnagyris. 

ACOPRIA,  Constipation. 

AC0PR03IS,  Constipation. 

ACOR  BENZOiNUS,  Benjamin  — a.  Boraci- 
cus,  Boracic  acid — a.  Succineus,  Succinic  acid — 
a.  Sulphuris,  Sulphuric  acid — a.  Tartarious,  Tar- 
taric acid. 

ACORE  BATARB,  Iris  pseudacorus  — a. 
Faux,  Iris  pseudacorus  —  a.  Odorant,  Acorus 
calamus. 

ACORES,  Acids,  and  Acidities. 

ACOR'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Koptto,  *I  sa- 
tiate.' An  inordinate  or  canine  appetite. — Hip- 
pocrates. 

ACORI'TES.  A  wine  made  of  Acorns.— Dios- 
corides. 

ACOR'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kopiiog, 
'trunk.'     A  monster  devoid  of  a  trunk. — Gurlt. 

ACORN,  JUPITER'S,  Fagus  castanea— a. 
Oily,  Guilandina  moringa  —  a.  Sardinian,  Fagus 
castanea. 

ACORNS.     See  Quereus  alba. 

ACORUS  ADULTERINUS,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

Ac'oRUS  Cal'amus,  a.  Vents  sen  Brazilien'sis, 
Cal'amus  Aromat'icus  seu  Odora'tus  seu  Vulga'- 
ris,  Typha  Aromat'ica,  Clava  Riigo'sn,  Sweetflag 
or  Ae'orus,  Flagroot,  Sweet  cane,  3Iyrtle  Flag, 
Sweet  grass,  Sweet  root.  Sweet  rush.  (F.)  Joitc 
roseau  ou  Canne  aromatique,  Acore  odorant. 
Ord.  Aroidese ;  Acoraceee.  (Lindley.)  Sex.  Syst. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  The  rhizoma — Cal'amus 
(Ph.  U.  S. — is  stomachic  and  carminative,  but  is 
rarely  used.  It  is  regarded  as  a  good  adjuvant 
to  bark  and  quinia  in  intermittents. 

Acorus  Palustris,  Iris  pseudacorus — a.  Vul- 
garis, Iris  pseudacorus. 

ACQS,  Medicament 

ACOS'MIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Koafiog,  'or- 
der, ornament.'  Disorder,  irregularity  in  the 
critical  days,  according  to  Galen,  who  uses  the 
word  Koanog  for  regularity  in  those  days.  Others, 
and  particularly  Pollux,  call  bald  persons  axoanoi, 
because  they  are  deprived  of  one  of  their  most 
beautiful  ornaments. 

ACOU'METER,  Acouom' eter,  Acoem'eter,  Aco- 
em'etrum,  Acu' meter,  Acusim'eter,  (F.)  Aeoumetre, 
from  uKovii},  'I  hear,'  and  nirpov,  'measure.'  An 
instrument  designed  by  M.  Itard  for  measuring 
the  degree  of  hearing. 

A  CO  miE  TRE,  Acoumeter. 

ACOUOPHO'NIA,  Copho'nia;  from  aKovio, 
•I  hear,' and  (pwvn,  'voice,'  " Axis' cultatory  Per- 
tus'sion."     A  mode  of  auscultation,  in  which  the 


observer  places  his  ear  on  the  chest,  anil  analyzes 
the  sound  produced  by  percussion. — Donne. 

ACOUS'MA,  an  imaginary  noise.  Depraved 
sense  of  hearing. 

ACOUS'TIC,  Acus'ticus,  (F.)  Acoitstique.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  ear;  as  Acoustic  nerve, 
Acoustic  trumpet. 

Acoustic  Mebicine  is  one  used  in  diseased 
audition. 

ACOUSTICO-MALLEEN,  Laxator  tympaui. 

Acous'tics,  Acus'tica.  (F.)  Acoustiqne.  The 
part  of  physics  which  treats  of  the  theory  of 
sounds.     It  is  also  called  Phonics. 

ACOUSTIQUE,  Acoustic,  Acoustics. 

ACQUA  BINELLI,  Aqua  Binellii  — a.  Broe- 
chieri.  Aqua  Brocchierii  —  a.  Monterossi,  Aqua 
Binellii  —  a.  di  Napoli,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  a. 
della  TofFana,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

ACQUETTA,  Liquor  Arsenicalis. 

ACQUI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
thermal  sulphureous  springs  are  in  Piedmont. 
Their  temperature  is  167°  Fahr.,  and  they  con- 
tain sulphohvdric  acid  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

ACQUIRED  DISEASES,  Morbi  acquis'iti, 
If.  adventi'tii.  If.  epicte'ti.  Adventitious  diseases. 
(F.)  Maladies  acquises.  Diseases  which  occur 
after  birth,  and  which  are  not  dependent  upon 
hereditary  predisposition. 

ACRAI'PALA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kpaivaki], 
'drunkenness.'  Remedies  against  the  effects  of 
a  debauch. — Gorrseus. 

ACRA'LEA,  from  axpog,  'extremity.'  The  ex- 
treme parts  of  the  body,  as  the  head,  hands,  feet, 
nose,  ears,  &c.  —  Hippocrates  and  Galen.  See 
Acrea. 

ACRA'NIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kpaviov,  'the 
cranium.'     Want  of  cranium,  wholly  or  in  part. 

ACRA'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  or  'bad,'  and 
Kpacig,  '  mixture.'  Intemperance.  Excess  of  any 
kind.     Surfeit. 

It  has  been  employed  to  denote  debility,  syno- 
nymously with  Acratia  ;  but  this  may  have  been 
a  typographical  inaccuracy. 

ACRATI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kparo;, 
'strength.'     Impotence;  weakness,  fainting. 

ACRATIS'MA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kcpav- 
vv/xi,  'to  mix.'  A  breakfast,  consisting  of  bread 
steeped  in  wine,  not  mixed  with  water. — Galen, 
Athenteus. 

ACRATOM'ELI,  from  oKparov,  'pure  wine,' 
and  i^sXi,  'honey.'     Wine  mixed  with  honey. 

ACRATOPE'G^,  Akratop)e'gcp.,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, Kparos,  '  strength,'  and  Trriyt],  '  a  spring.' 
Mineral  waters  having  no  marked  chemical  qua- 
lities. 

ACRATOPOS'IA,  from  acratum,  and  toctis, 
'  drink.'    The  drinking  of  pure  or  unmixed  wine 

A'CRATUM,  axparov,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kparos,  '  strength.'  Unmixed  wine,  Acratum 
vinum,   Yinnm  merum. 

ACRATURE'SIS,  from  acratia,  'weakness,' 
and  ovprjaig,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  'the  act  of  dis- 
charging the  urine.'  Inability  to  void  the  urine, 
from  paralysis  of  the  bladder. 

ACRE.     The  extremity  or  tip  of  the  nose. 

A'CREA,  Acrote'ria,  from  axpos,  '  the  summit.' 
Th  e  extreme  parts  of  the  body,  as  the  feet,  hands, 
ears,  &c. 

Also  the  extreme  parts  of  animals  that  are  used 
as  food,  Acroco'lia. 

ACRID,  from  aKpog,  'pointed,'  or  from  am;,  'a 
point,'  Acer.  An  epithet  for  substances  which 
occasion  a  disagreeable  sense  of  irritation  or  of 
constriction  at  the  top  of  the  throat. 

Acrid  heat,  (F.)  Chaleur  acre,  is  one  that  Causes 
a  hot  tingling  sensation  at  the  extremities  of  the 
fingers. 

Acrid  Poison,  See  Poison. 

AcRiDS,  in  Pathology,  are  certain  imaginary 


ACRIDOPHAGI 


31 


ACT^A    CIMICIFUGA 


substances,  supposed  by  the  humourists  to  exist 
in  the  humours,  and  to  cause  various  diseases. 
See  Acrimony. 

ACRIDOPH'AGrI, from  a/rpif,  aicpi^oj,  'alocust,' 
and  ^ayo),  'I  eat.'  Locust-eaters.  Acridophagous 
tribes  are  said  to  exist  in  Africa. — Strabo. 

ACRIMONY,  Acu'itas,  Aerimo'nia,  from  aeer, 
'  acrid,'  axis, '  a  point.'  Acrimony  of  the  humours. 
An  imaginary  acrid  change  of  the  blood,  lymph, 
<to.,  which,  by  the  humourists,  was  conceived  to 
cause  many  diseases. 

ACRIN'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kpivia,  *I 
separate.'  A  diminution  in  the  quantity,  or  a 
total  suspension,  of  the  secretions. 

ACRIS,  a  sharp  bony  prominence.  Also,  the 
locust. 

ACRI'SIA,  Acri'sis,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kpiaii,  'judgment.'  A  condition  of  disease,  in 
which  no  judgment  can  be  formed  ;  or  in  which 
an  unfavourable  opinion  must  be  given. — Hipp, 
and  Galen. 

ACRISIS,  Aerisia. 

ACRIT'ICAL,  Ac'ritos,  (F.)  Acritique,  from  a, 
privative,  and  Kpiaig,  'judgment.'  That  which 
takes  place  without  any  crisis,  or  which  does  not 
foretell  a  crisis  ;  as  a  critical  symptom,  abscess,  &c. 

ACRITOS,  Acritical. 

ACRIVIOLA,  Tropaeolum  majus. 

ACROBYS'TIA,  Acropos'thia, from axpoi,  'top,* 
and  jSuo),  '  I  cover.'  The  extremity  of  the  prepuce. 
— Hippocrates,  Rufus. 

ACROBYSTITIS,  Posthitis. 

ACPtOCHBIR',  Acrochir',  AcrocJieir'on,  from 
aKpog,  '  extremity,'  and  x^'-P'  '  tbe  hand.'  The 
forearm  and  hand, — Gorrajus.     Also,  the  hand. 

ACROCHOR'DON,  from  aKpos,  'extremity,' 
and  X''P^i'  '^  string.'  A  tumour  which  hangs  by 
a  pedicle.  A  kind  of  hard  wart,  Verru'ca  pens' - 
His. — A e tins,  Celsus. 

ACROCHORIS'MUS,  from  oKgog,  'extremity,' 
and  ;;^o/)£:u<<),  '  I  dance.'  A  kind  of  dance,  with 
the  ancients,  in  which  the  arms  and  legs  were 
violently  agitated. 

ACROCOLIA,  Acrea, 

ACROCOLIUM,  Acromion. 

ACROD'RYA,  from  aKpog,  'extremity,'  and 
ipvj,  'a  tree.'  Autumnal  fruits,  as  nuts,  ap- 
ples, &c. 

ACRODYN'IA,  Erythe'ma  acrod'ynum,  E. 
acrodyn'ia,  Ohiropodal'gia,  (F.)  Acrodynie,  Mai 
des  pieds  et  des  mains,  from  axpog,  'extremity,' 
and  oivvri,  'pain.'  A  painful  affection  of  the 
wrists  and  ankles  especially,  which  appeared  in 
Paris  as  an  epidemic,  in  1828  and  1829.  It  was 
supposed  by  some  to  be  rheumatic,  by  others  to 
be  owing  to  spinal  irritation.  It  appears  to  have 
been  the  same  as  Dengue. 

ACROLENION,  Olecranon. 

ACROMASTItJM,  Nipple. 

ACROMIA,  Acromion. 

ACRO'MIAL,  Acromia'lis.  Relating  to  the 
Acromion. 

Acromial  Ar'tert,  External  Scapi'vlar,  A. 
Arte'ria  Thorac"ica  humera'lis,  Artere  troisiime 
des  Thoraciques, —  (Ch.)  A.  Thoracique  hume- 
rale,  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  axillary 
artery,  opposite  the  upper  edge  of  the  pectoralis 
minor.  It  divides  into  two  branches  :  one,  supe- 
rior ;  the  other,  inferior, — the  branches  of  which 
are  distributed  to  the  subclavius,  serratus  major 
anticus,  first  intercostal,  deltoid,  and  pectoralis 
major  muscles,  as  well  as  to  the  shoulder  joint, 
&c.  They  anastomose  with  the  superior  scapular, 
thoracic,  and  circumflex  arteries. 

Acromial  Nerves,  Nervi  acromia'les. 
Branches  of  the  fourth  cervical  nerve,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  acromial  region. 


Acromial  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement  &a 
the  artery. 

ACRO'MIO-CORACOi'DEUS.  Belonging  to 
the  acromion  and  coracoid  process. 

The  triangular  ligament  between  the  acromion 
and  coracoid  process  of  the  scapula  is  so  called. 

ACRO'MION,  Acro'mium,  Aero'mia,  Acro'mis, 
from  uKpoi,  'the  top,'  and  tofxos,  'the  shoulder.' 
Os  Acro'mii,  Hu'merua  sumrmis,  Armits  sunnnus, 
Mucro  hu'meri,  Hostrum  porci'num,  Caput  Scap'- 
ulcB,  Acroco'lium.  The  process  which  terminates 
the  spine  of  the  scapula,  and  is  articulated  with 
the  clavicle. 

ACROMIS,  Acromion. 

ACROMPHALIUM,  Acromphalon. 

ACROM'PHALON,  Acrompha'liiim,  from 
aKpos,  'the  top,'  and  optpaXo;,  'the  navel.'  The 
extremity  of  the  umbilical  cord,  which  remains 
attached  to  the  foetus  after  birth. 

ACROMYLE.  Patella. 

ACRO-NARCOTIC,  See  Poison. 

A'CRONYX,  from  aKpos,  'the  summit,'  and 
ovvf,  'the  nail.'     Growing  in  of  the  nail. 

ACROPARAL'YSIS,  from  a/cpoj,  '  extremity,' 
and  Kapa\v(7i;,  'palsy;'  Paral'ysis  extremita'tum, 
Palsy  of  the  extremities. — Fuchs. 

ACROPOSTHIA,  Acrobystia. 

ACROPOSTHITIS,  Posthitis. 

ACROPSI'LON,  from  aKpog,  'extremity,' and 
i^-tXcf, '  naked.'    The  extremity  of  the  glans  penis. 

ACRORIA,  Vertex. 

ACRORRHEU'MA,  Eheumatis'mus  extremita'- 
tum, from  aKpoi, '  extremity,'  and  pevpa, '  defluxion, 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  extremities. 

ACROS,  oKpos,  'extremity,  top.'  The  strength 
of  the  Athletae,  and  of  diseases  ;  the  prominences 
of  bones ;  the  extremities  of  the  fingers,  &c.  See 
Aerocheir,  Acromion,  &c. 

ACROSTICHUM  POLYPODIOJfDES,  Poly- 
podium  incanum. 

ACROTERIA,  Acrea.     See  Extremity. 

ACROTERIASIS,  Acroteriasmus. 

ACROTERIAS'MUS,  Acroteri'asis,  from  axpo- 
Tripia,  '  the  extremities  ;'  hence  aKpoT>ipta^etv,  '  to 
mutilate.'     Amputation  of  the  extremities. 

ACROTHYM'ION,  from  aKpog,  'top,'  and 
&vpov,  'thyme.'  A  kind  of  conical,  rugous,  bloody 
wart,  a  "  moist  wart,"  compared  by  Celsus  to  the 
flower  of  thyme. 

ACROT'ICA,  from  oKpo;,  'summit.'  Diseases 
affecting  the  excernent  functions  of  the  external 
surface  of  the  body. 

Pravity  of  the  fluids  or  emunctories  that  open 
on  the  external  surface ;  without  fever  or  other 
internal  affection  as  a  necessary  accompaniment. 

The  3d  order  of  the  class  Eccril'ica  of  Good. 

ACROTISMUS,  Asphyxia. 

ACT,  Actus,  from  actum,  past  participle  of 
agere,  '  to  do,'  '  a  thing  done.'  The  effective  ex- 
ercise of  a  power  or  faculty.  The  action  of  an 
agent.  Acte  is  used  by  the  French,  to  signify 
the  public  discussion,  which  occurs  in  supporting 
a  thesis  ; — thus,  soutenir  un  Acte  aux  Eco/es  de 
3Iedecine,  is,  '  to  defend  a  Thesis  in  the  Schools 
of  Medicine.' 

ACTA,  Gesta. 

ACT^A  CIMICIFUGA,  A.  racemosa. 

AcTjE'a  Racemo'sa,  a.  Cimieif'uga,  Cimicif. 
uga  racemo'sa,  Macro'trys  racemo'sa,  Bot'rophii 
Serptenta'ria  {?),  Serj^enta'ria  nigra,  Blade  snake- 
root,  Bichweed,  Cohosh,  Squaw  root,  Battleweed, 
Black  Cohosh.  (F.)  Actee  d  grappes,  Serpentaire 
noire.  Ord.  Ranunculaceae.  Sax.  Syst.  Polyan- 
dria  Pentagynia.  A  common  plant  in  the  United 
Stateg.  The  root,  Cimicif 'uga  (Ph.  U  S.),  is  as- 
tringent; and,  according  to  Barton,  has  been 
successfully  used,  in  the  form  of  a  decoction,  as 
a  gargle  in  putrid  sore  throat.  A  decoction  of 
the  root  cures  the  itch.     It  is  acro-narcotic,  and 


ACTE 


32 


ADDUCENS  OCULI 


has  been  used  in  rheumatism,  acute  and  chronic ; 
chorea,  &c. 

AcTjE'a  Spica'ta,  Christophoria'na  spica'ta, 
Aconi'tum  racemo' sum,  Baneherry,  Herh  Chris'- 
fopher.  (P.)  Herhe  St.  Ghristophe.  A  perennial 
herbaceous  European  plant,  the  root  of  which 
resembles  that  of  the  black  hellebore.  The  root 
is  cathartic,  and  sometimes  emetic,  and  in  over- 
doses may  produce  dangerous  consequences. 

Actce'a  America' na,  of  which  there  are  two 
varieties,  A.  alha  and  A.  rubra, — white  and  red 
cohosh, — is  indigenous  in  the  United  States.  It 
has  the  same  properties  as  A.  spicata. 

ACTE,  Sambucus. 

ACTE,  Act. 

AC  TEE  d  GRAPPES,  Actsea  raeemosa. 

AC  TIF,  Active. 

ACTIO,  Action,  Function. 

ACTION,  Ac'tio,  Opera'tio,  Energi'a,  Praxis  : 
from  agere,  actum,  '  to  act.'  Mode  in  which  one 
object  influences  another. 

The  animal  actions  are  those  that  occur  in  the 
animal  body :  the  vital,  those  that  are  essential 
to  life  :  the  2^^1/sioloyical,  those  of  a  healthy  cha- 
racter :  the  pathological  or  morbid,  those  that 
occur  in  disease,  &c.  The  ancients  divided  the 
physiological  actions  into  vital,  animal,  natural, 
sexual,  particular,  general,  &c.     See  Function. 

ACTIONES  NATURALES,  see  Function. 

ACTIVE,  same  etymon.  Dras'tieus,  Acti'vus, 
Sthen'icus,  Hypiersthen' icus.  (F.)  Actif.  This 
adjective  is  used,  in  Pathology,  to  convey  the  idea 
of  superabundant  energy  or  strength.  Active 
symptoms,  e.  g.  are  those  of  excitement.  In  The- 
rapeutics, it  signifies  energetic : — as,  an  active 
treatment.  The  French  use  the  expression  3Ie- 
decine  agissante,  in  contradistinction  to  Medecine 
expectanfe.  In  Physiology,  active  has  a  similar 
signification,  many  of  the  functions  being  divided 
into  active  and  passive. 

ACTON".  A  village  near  London,  at  which 
there  is  a  purgative  mineral  spring,  like  that  at 
Epsom. 

ACTUAL.  Same  etymon  as  active.  That 
which  acts  immediately.  A  term  usually  re- 
stricted to  the  red-hot  iron,  or  to  heat  in  any 
form;  in  contradistinction  to  the  potential  or  vir- 
tual, which  is  applied  to  caustics  or  escharotics. 

ACTUA'RIUS.  Originally  a  title  of  dignity 
given  to  the  Byzantine  physicians. 

ACTUS  PARTURITIONIS,  Parturition. 

ACUITAS,  Acrimony. 

ACULEUS  LIGNEUS,  Splinter. 

ACUMETER,  Acoumeter. 

A'CUPUNCTURE,  Acupunctu'ra,  Acupuncta'- 
iion,  Acupunetura'tion,  from  acus,  '  a  needle,'  and 
ptmctura,  a  puncture,'  A  surgical  operation, 
much  in  use  amongst  the  Chinese  and  Japanese, 
which  consists  in  puncturing  parts  with  a  very 
fine  needle.  It  has  been  employed,  of  late  years, 
in  obstinate  rheumatic  affections,  <tc.,  and  appa- 
rently with  success.  Acupuncture  is  likewise  a 
mode  of  infanticide  in  some  countries  ;  the  needle 
being  forced  into  the  brain  through  the  fonta- 
nelles,  or  into  the  spinal  marrow,  &c. 

ACURGIA,  Surgery  (operative). 

ACUS,  Needle — a.  Capitata,  Pin — a.  Invagi- 
nata,  see  Needle — a.  Ophthalmica,  see  Needle — 
a.  Paracentiea,  Trocar — a.  Paracentetica,  Trocar 
■ — a.  Triquetra  vulgaris,  Trocar — a.  Veneris, 
Bryngium  campestre. 

ACUSIMETER,  Acoumeter. 

ACUSIS,  Audition. 

ACUSTICA,  Acoustics. 

ACUSTICUS,  Auditory. 

ACUTE,  Acu'tns,  Oxys,  ofvj,  (acis,  'a  point.') 
(F.)  Aigu.  A  disease  which,  with  a  certain  de- 
gree of  severity,  has  a  rapid  progress,  and  short 


duration,  is  said  to  be  "acute." — Oxynose'ma, 
Oxyn'osos,  Oxynu'sos. 

Diseases  were  formerly  subdivided  into  Morhi 
acutis'simi,  very  acute,  or  those  which  last  only 
three  or  four  days  :  M.  subacutis'simi,  which  con- 
tinue seven  days  :  and  Jl.  subacu'ti,  or  those 
which  last  from  twenty  to  forty  days. 

The  antithesis  to  acute  is  chronic.  Acute,  when 
applied  to  pain,  sound,  cries,  &c.,  means  sharp. 

ACUTENACULUM,  Porte-aiguille. 

ACYANOBLEP'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  Kvavoi, 
'blue,'  and  /JXejto),  'I  see.'  Defective  vision, 
which  consists  in  incapability  of  distinguishing 
blue. — Gothe.     See  Achromatopsia. 

ACYESIS,  Sterilitas. 

ACYRUS,  Arnica  montana. 

ACYSTINERVIA,  Cystoparalvsis. 

ACYSTURONERVIA,  Cystoparalysis. 

ACYSTUROTROPHIA,  Cystatrophia. 

ACYTERIUS,  Abortive. 

ADACA.  The  Sphceran'thiis  In'dicus,  a  Mala- 
bar plant,  which  is  acrid  and  aromatic. 

ADAC'RYA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Saxpyiii,  '1 
weep.'     Defective  secretion  of  tears. 

AD^MONIA,  Anxiety. 

ADAKO'DIEN.  A  Malabar  plant  of  the  fa- 
mily  Apocyneas,  used  in  that  country  in  diseases 
of  the  eyes. 

AD'ALI,  Lip'pia.  A  Malabar  plant,  which 
the  Orientals  regard  as  an  antidote  to  the  bite  of 
the  naja. 

ADAMANTINE  SUBSTANCE,  Enamel  of 
the  teeth. 

ADAMAS,  Diamond. 

ADAMI'TA,  Adami'tum.  A  very  hard,  white 
calculus. — Paracelsus. 

The  first  word  has  been  used  for  stone  in  the 
bladder :  the  second  for  lithiasis  or  the  calculous 
condition. 

ADAM'S  APPLE,  Pomum  Adami. 

ADANSONIA  DIGITATA,  Baobab. 

ADAPTER,  from  ad  and  apto,  'I  fit.'  A  tube 
employed  in  pharmaceutical  operations  for  length- 
ening the  neck  of  a  retort;  or  in  cases  where  the 
opening  of  the  receiver  is  not  large  enough  to 
admit  the  beak  of  the  retort. 

ADAR'CE,  Adar'cion,  Adar'cis.  A  concretion 
found  about  the  reeds  and  grass  in  the  marshy 
regions  of  Galatia,  and  hiding  them,  as  it  were : 
hence  the  name,  from  a  privative,  and  ^EpKu,  'I 
see.'  It  was  formerly  in  repute  for  cleansing  the 
skin  from  freckles,  <fec. 

ADARIGO,  Orpiment. 

ADARNECH,  Orpiment. 

ADARTICULATIO,  Arthrodia. 

AD  CUTEM  ABDOM'INIS  (ARTERIA).  The 
superficial  artery  of  the  abdomen, — a  branch  of  the 
crural  or  femoral,  which  arises  at  the  lower  part 
of  Poupart's  ligament,  and  ascends  towards  the 
umbilicus,  being  distributed  to  the  integuments. 

ADDAD.  A  Numidian  plant;  bitter  and  poi- 
sonous. 

ADDEPHAG"IA,  Adephag"ia,  from  ai&riv, 
'much,'  and  ^aytiv,  'to  eat.'  Voraciousness. 
Galen  and  Hoffmann  have  given  this  name  to 
voracious  appetite  in  children  affected  with 
worms.  Sauvages  refers  it  to  Bulimia.  Also, 
the  goddess  of  gluttony. 

ADDER'S  TONGUE,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 

ADDISON,  DISEASE  OF,  see  Capsule,  renal. 

ADDITAMEN'TUM.  A  term  once  used  sy- 
nonymously with  Epipihysis.  It  is  now  restricted 
to  the  prolongation  of  two  cranial  sutures,  the 
lambdoidal  and  squamous. 

Additamentum  Coli,  Appendix  vermiformis 
cseci — a.  Neeatum,  Olecranon — a.  ad  Sacro-luin- 
balem,  see  Sacro-lumbalis  —  a.  Uncatum  ulnae. 
Olecranon  —  a.  Ulnse,  Radius. 

ADDUCENS  OCULI,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 


ADDUCTEUR  DE  L'OEIL 


ADENONCOSIS 


ADDUOTEUR  DE  L'CEIL,  Rectus  inter- 
nus  oeuli — a.  du  Gros  orteil,  Adductor  poUicis 
pedis — a.  Premier  ou  moyen,  Adductor  longus 
femoris — a.  du  Poitce,  Adductor  pollicis  manfis 
— a.  Second  ou  2>etit,  Adductor  brevis — a.  Troi- 
sihne  ou  grand,  Adductor  magnus. 

ADDUCTION,  ^rfc^ijo'^/o,  from  ad,  'to,'  and 
ducere,  '  to  draw.'  Parago'ge.  The  action  by 
wliich  parts  are  drawn  towards  the  axis  of  the 
body. 

The  muscles  which  execute  this  function  are 
called  Adduc'tors. 

ADDUCTOR  MEDII  DIGITI  PEDIS,  Pos- 
terio-r  medii  digiti  pedis — a.  Oculi,  Rectus  inter- 
nus  oculi. 

Adduc'tor  Metacar'pi  min'ijii  Dig"itt,  Me- 
tacar'peus,  Car'po-metacar'peus  min'imi  dig''iti, 
is  situate  between  the  adductor  and  flexor,  next 
to  the  metacarpal  bone.  It  arises,  fleshy,  from 
the  unciform  process  of  the  os  unciforme,  and 
from  the  contiguous  part  of  the  annular  ligament 
of  the  wrist,  and  is  inserted,  tendinous  and  fleshy, 
into  the  fore-part  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the 
little  finger,  from  its  base  to  its  head. 

Adduc'toe  Pol'licis  M.anus,  A.  Pol'licis,  A. 
ad  min'imum  dig"itum,  Metacar'jio-jihalan'geus 
pol'licis — (Ch.)  (F.)  Addncteii,r  du  poiicc.  A 
muscle  which  arises,  fleshy,  from  almost  the 
whole  length  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  mid- 
dle finger,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inner  part  of 
the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  thumb. 

Adduc'tor  Pol'licis  Pedis,  Antith'enar,  Ife- 
tatar'8o-suhp>halan'geua  p>ollici8. — (Ch.)  Tarso- 
metatarsi-plialangien  du  ponce.  (F.)  Addiicteur 
du  gros  orteil.  Arises  by  a  long,  thin  tendon, 
from  the  under  part  of  the  os  caleis,  from  the  os 
cuboides,  os  cuneiforme  externum,  and  from  the 
root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  second  toe.  It 
is  divided  into  two  fleshy  portions,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  external  sesamoid  bone,  and  root  of  the 
metatarsal  bone  of  the  great  toe. 

Bichat  has  given  the  general  name,  Adduc'- 
tors, to  those  of  the  interosseous  muscles  of  the 
hand  or  foot,  which  perform  the  action  of  ad- 
duction. 

Adductor  Tertii  Digiti  Pedis,  Prior  tertii 
digiti  pedis. 

Adductors  of  the  thigh.  These  are  three 
in  number,  which  have,  by  some  anatomists,  been 
united  into  one  muscle — the  Tricepis  Adduc'tor 
F era' oris. 

1.  Adduc'tor  longus  fem'oris,  Adduc'tor  fem'- 
oris  primus,  Triceps  minor,  Pu' bio-femora' lis — 
(Ch.)  (F.)  Premier  ou  moyen  adducfeur.  Arises 
by  a  strong  tendon  from  the  upper  and  fore  part 
of  the  OS  pubis  and  ligament  of  the  symphysis, 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  pectinalis.  It  runs  down- 
wards and  outwards,  and  is  inserted  by  a  broad, 
fiat  tendon,  into  the  middle  of  the  linea  aspcra. 

2.  Adduc'tor  brevis,  A.  fem'oris  secun'dus, 
Triceps  secun'dus,  Sub-pubio-femora'lis  —  (Ch.) 
(F.)  Second  ou  petit  Addueteur.  Arises  tendi- 
nous from  the  os  pubis,  at  the  side  of  its  sym- 
physis, below  and  behind  the  last  muscle.  It 
runs  obliquely  outwards,  and  is  inserted  by  a 
short,  flat  tendon  into  the  inner  and  upper  part 
of  the  linea  aspera,  from  a  little  below  the  tro- 
chanter minor  to  the  beginning  of  the  insertion 
of  the  adductor  longus. 

3.  Adduc'tor  magnus,  Adduc'tor  fem'oris  ter'- 
tius  et  quartus,  Triceps  magnus,  Is'chio-femora'- 
lis — (Ch.)  (F.)  Troisieme  ou  grand  addueteur,  is 
much  larger  than  either  of  the  others.  It  arises 
from  the  ramus  of  the  pubis,  from  that  of  the 
ischium,  and  from  the  tuber  ischii,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  whole  length  of  the  linea  aspera.  Near 
the  lower  part  of  the  linea  aspera  it  is  pierced 
by  a  kind  of  oblique,  fibrous  canal,  through  which 
the  crural  artery  and  vein  pass. 

3 


ADEC.     The  inner  man. — Paracelsus. 

ADECTA,  Sedatives. 

ADELIPARIA,  Polysarcia. 

ADELODAGAM.  A  bitter  Malabar  plant, 
used  in  asthma,  catarrh,  and  gout. 

ADELPHIA,  see  Adelphixia. 

ADELPHIX'IA,  AdeljiJiix'is ;  from  ah\(poi, 
'brother.'  Consanguinity  of  parts  in  health  or 
disease;  Frater'nitas,  Fratra'tio.  Hippocrates 
used  the  word  Adel'pMa  for  diseases  that  re- 
semble each  othei'. 

ADELPHIXIS,  Sympathy. 

ADEMONIA,  Depression,  Nostalgia. 

ADEMOSYNE,  Depression,  Nostalgia. 

ADEN,  a5r)v,  'a  gland;'  hence  Adenalgia, 
Adeniform,  &c. — see  Gland. 

ADENAL'GIA,  Adenodyn'ia,  from  a&riv,  'a. 
gland,'  and  oKyog,  'pain.'     Glandular  pain. 

ADENECTOP'IA,  from  a&r,v,  'a  gland,'  and' 
cKTUTTos,  '  removed  from  its  place.'  Dislocation 
of  a  gland. 

ADENEMPHRAX'IS,  from  airiv,  'a  gland,' 
and  ejKppa^is,  '  obstruction.'  Glandular  obstruc- 
tion. 

ADENIES,  Adenopathies  angibromiques.  Dis- 
eases of  the  glands  connected  with  the  digestive 
tube. — Piorry. 

ADEN'IFORM,  Adeniform' is,  Adeno'i'des, 
Ad'enoid,  from  Aden,  'a  gland,'  and  Forma, 
'  form  or  resemblance.'  Glan'diform,  or  resem- 
bling a  gland. 

ADENITE,  Adenitis— a.  Lymjohatique,  Lym- 
phadenitis. 

ADENI'TIS,  from  a^nv,  'a  gland,'  and  itis,  a 
termination  denoting  inflammation.  PJilegma'sia 
adeno' sa  seu  glaudulo'sa.  {¥.)  Adenite.  Glandu- 
lar inflammation. 

Adenitis  Lymph atica.  Lymphadenitis. 

Adeni'tiS  Mesentee'iCA,  31esenter'ic  Gangli- 
oni'tis.     Inflammation  of  the  mesenteric  glands. 

Adenitis  Palpebrarum  Contagiosa,  see  Oph- 
thalmia. 

ADENOCE'LE,  from  aSy/v,  'a gland,'  and  KriXri, 
'a  rupture,'  'a  tumour.'  Under  this  terra  Mr. 
Birkett  includes  tumours  of  the  mammaj, 
which  contain  structures  similar  to,  if  not  identi- 
cal with,  the  normal  secreting  tissue  of  the  gland, 
and  more  especially  the  cysto-sarcoma,  and 
chronic  mammary  tumours  of  surgical  authors. 

ADENOCHIRAPSOLOG"IA,  from  aSvv,  'a 
gland,'  x^'P)  '  the  hand,'  aTTTuo,  '  I  lay  hold  of,'  and 
^oyos,  'a  description.'  The  doctrine  of  curing 
scrofula  or  the  king's  evil  by  the  royal  touch. 

ADENOCHON'DRIUS,  from  aSr,v,  'a  gland,' 
and  x<''^^P°s,  'a  cartilage.'  Relating  to  gland  and 
cartilage,  —  for  example,  Arthrojjhy'ma  adeno- 
chon'drium,  a  tumefaction  of  the  glands  and  car- 
tilages of  joints. 

adenodermtes  sypeilitiques,  a. 

si/mphyosiques,  from  aStjv,  '  a  gland,'  and  Sep/jia, 
'  skin.  Syphilitic  afi'ections  of  the  glands  of  the 
skin. 

ADENODYNIA,  Adenalgia. 

ADENOG'RAPHY,  Adenogra'phia,  from  ahv, 
'  a  gland,'  and  ypaipu),  '  I  describe.'  That  part  of 
anatomy  which  describes  the  glands. 

ADENOID,  Adeniform. 

ADENOIDES,  Adeniform. 

ADENOL'OGY,  Adenolog"ia,  from  oStjv,  'a 
gland,'  and  Aoyos,  'a  description.'  A  treatise  on 
the  glands. 

ADENOMALA'CIA,  from  aSr/v,  'a  gland,' and 
/jaXa/cid,  '  softening.'  Mollescence  or  softening 
of  a  gland. 

ADENO-MENINGEAL,  see  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal. 

ADENONCOSIS,  Adenophyma, 


ADENONCUS 


34 


ADIPOCIRE 


ADENONCUS,  Adenophyma. 
ADENO-NERVOUS  FEVER,  Plague. 
ADENOPATHIES     ANOIBROMIQUES, 
Adenies. 

ADE'NO-PHARTN'GEUS,froma5.7v, 'a 
gland,'  and  cpapvy^,  (papvyyo;,  '  the  pharynx.' 
Some  fleshy  fibres,  which  pass  from  the  con- 
strictor pharyngis  inferior  to  the  thyroid  gland, 
have  received  this  name.  Their  existence  is  not 
constant. 

ADE'NO-PHARYNGI'TIS.     Same    etymon. 
Inflammation  of  the  tonsils  and  pharynx. 
ADENOPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 
ADENOPHY'MA,  Adenon'cus,    Adenoneo'sis, 
from    airjv,    'a    gland,'    and    (pvjjia,  'a    swelling.' 
Swelling   of  a   gland,  or   glandiform    ganglion. 
(F.)  Glandage.     Adenophyma  is  used  by  some  to 
signify  a  soft  glandular  swelling; — Adenoiicus, 
one  of  a  harder  character. — Kraus. 
Adenophyma  Inguinalis.     Bubo. 
ADENOSCIR'RHUS,     Adenosclero'sh,    from 
a&riv,  'a  gland,'  and  oKippoi,  'induration.'     Scir- 
rhous induration  of  a  gland. 

ADENOSCLEROSIS,  Adenoscirrhus. 
ADENOSIS  SCROPHULOSA,  Scrofula. 
ADENO'SUS,  [Ahaces'sus).   A  hard,  glandular 
abscess,  which  suppurates  slowly. — M.  A.  Seve- 
rinus. 

ADENOSYNCHITONITIS,  Ophthalmia  Neo- 
natorum. 

ADENOT'OMT,  Adenotom'ia,  from  a&nv,  'a 
gland,'  and  rtjivit),  'I  cut.'  Dissection  of  the 
glands. 

ADEPHAGIA,  Addephagia,  Boulimia. 
ADEPS,  genitive  Adipis,  Adejis  Suillu8,0xyn'- 
gium,  Pingue'do,  Lar'idum,  Lardum,  Lard. 
(Prov.)  Mort,  Sallis,  Swinesame.  Pig's  flare. 
The  fat  of  the  hog.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S.,  the  pre- 
pared fat  of  Sus  scrofa,  free  from  saline  matter. 

ApEPS  Anseri'nus,  Adeps  an'seris  or  Goose 
grease,  (F.)  Graisse  d'Oie,  is  emollient.  It  has 
been  used  as  an  emetic. 

Adeps  Cantharidibus  Medicatus,  Unguen- 
tum  lyttee  medicatum—  a.  Cortice  Daphnes  gnidii 
medicatus,  Unguentum  epispasticum  de  Daphne 
gnidio — a.  Humanus,  Liquamumia — a.  Hydrar- 
gyro  medicatus,  Unguentum  Hydrargyri — a.  ex 
Hydrargyro  mitius  dictum  cinereum,  Unguentum 
oxidi  hydrargyri  cinereum — a.  Hydrargyri  muri- 
ate oxygenato  medicatus,  Unguentum  muriatis 
hydrargyri  oxygenati  medicatum — a.  Hydrargyri 
nitrate  medicatus,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis 
— a.  Hydrargyri  oxido  rubro  et  plumbi  acetate 
medicatus,  Unguentum  ophthalmicum — a.  Lauro 
medicatus,  Unguentum  laurinum  —  a.  Myristicas, 
see  Myristica  —  a.  Ovilli,  Sevum  —  a.  Papavere, 
hyoscyamo,  et  belladonna  medicatus,  Unguentum 
populeum. 

Adeps  Pr^para'tus,  A.  Sm'lUis  PrcBpni-a'tus, 
Mog's  lard,  Barrow's  grease.  Lard,  Ax'unge, 
Axu7i'gia,  Axun'gia  porci'na,  (F.)  Graisse  de 
Pore,  Saindonx,  Axonge,  is  prepared  by  melting 
pig's  flare,  and  straining  it.  This  is  called  ren- 
dering the  lard.  Lard  is  emollient,  but  is  chiefly 
used  for  forming  ointments  and  plasters. 

Adeps  Suillus  Pr^eparatus,  Adeps  Prsepa- 
ratus — a.  Sulfure  et  ammonise  muriate  medicatus, 
Unguentum  sulphuratum  ad  scabiem — a.  Sulfure 
et  carbonate  potassae  medicatus,  Unguentum 
sulphuratum  alcalinum  ad  scabiem  —  a.  Tartaro 
stibii  medicatus,  Unguentum  antimonii  tartarizati 
—  a.  Oxido  zinci  medicatus,  Unguentum  oxidi 
zinci  impuri. 

ADEPT,  Alchymist. 

ADEP'TA    MEDICI'NA.      Medicine,    which 
treated  of  diseases  contracted  by  celestial  opera- 
tions, or  communicated  from  heaven. 
Adepta  Philosophia,  Alchymy. 


ADERMONERVIA,  Dermataneuria. 

ADERMOTROPH'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  Scpjia, 
'skin,'  and  Tpo<pri,  'nourishment.'  Extenuation 
or  atrophy  of  the  skin. 

ADFLATUS,  Afflatus. 

ADH^RENTIA,  Adherence. 

ADH^SIO,  Adherence. 

ADHATO'DA,  Justic"ia  adhato'da.  The  3Ia- 
lahar  Nut  Tree.  (F.)  Noyer  de  Ceylon.  Used 
in  India  for  expelling  the  dead  foetus  in  abortion. 
The  word  is  said  to  convey  this  meaning  in  the 
Ceylonese. 

ADHE'RENCE,  Adhe'sion,  AdhcBren'tia,  Con- 
cre'tio,  Atre'sia,  Pros'physis,  ProscoUe'sis,  Ad- 
Jicb'sio,  from  adhcerere,  {ad  and  JieBrere,}  '  to  stick 
to.'  These  words  are  usually  employed  synonym- 
ously. The  French  often  use  adherence  for  the 
state  of  union,  and  adhesion  for  the  act  of  ad- 
hering. 

ADHESION,  Adherence. 

ADHE'SIVE  INFLAMMA'TION  is  that  in- 
flammation which  terminates  by  an  adhesion 
between  inflamed  and  separated  surfaces,  and 
which  was,  at  one  time,  supposed  to  be  necessary 
for  such  adhesion. 

Adhe'sive  is  also  an  epithet  for  certain  plasters 
which  stick  closely  to  the  skin. 

ADIANTHUM,  Adiantum. 

ADIANTUM,  A.  pedatum. 

Adiantum  ^thiop'icum.  A  South  African 
plant,  Ord.  Filices,  an  infusion  of  which  is  some- 
times used  as  an  emollient  in  coughs,  and  in 
diseases  of  the  chest. 

Adiantum  Album,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria  — 
a.  Aureum,  Polytrichum. 

Adian'tum  Capil'lus  Ven'bris,  A.  Coriandri- 
fo'lium  seu  Nigrum,  Capil'lus  Ven'eris,  from  a, 
privative,  and  Siaivio,  'to  grow  wet,'  from  the 
leaves  not  being  easily  moistened.  Maiden  hair. 
(F.)  Capillaire  de  Montpellier.  A  European 
plant,  of  feeble,  aromatic  and  demulcent  pro- 
perties. It  is  used  for  forming  the  Sirop  de  Ca- 
pillaire  or  Capillaire. 

Adiantum  Coriandrifolium,  A.  Capillus  Ve- 
neris— a.  Nigrum,  A.  Capillus  Veneris. 

Adian'tum  Peda'tum,  A.  Canaden'se  seu  Pa- 
tens, Adiantum,  Capil'lus  Ven'ei'ia  Canaden'sis, 
Herba  Ven'eris,  Filix  Ven'eris,  Canada  Maiden- 
hair, American  Jfaidenhair,  Roclfern,  Sweetfern, 
(F.)  Capillaire  du  Canada,  has  the  same  proper- 
ties. Capillaire  was  once  made  from  this.  See 
Adiantum. 

Adiantum  RuBRUir,Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

ADIAPHANIE  PERICHRYSAL  TIQ  UE, 
see  Cataract. 

ADIAPHORO'SIS,  Adiaphore'sis,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, (5ja,  'through,' and  0opos,  'a  pore.'  Defect 
ot  suppression  of  perspiration,  Adia'pneus'tia. 

ADIAPH'OROUS,  Adiaph'orus,  Indiff'erens, 
Neutral.  A  medicine  which  will  neither  do  harm 
nor  good. 

ADIAPNEUSTIA,  Adiaphorosis. 

ADIARRHCE'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  5iap- 
puv,  '  to  flow.'  Retention  of  any  excretion. — 
Hippocrates. 

ADIATH'ESIC,  Adiathes'ieus,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  &iaSre<Jis,  '  diathesis.'  In  the  system  of 
controstimulism,  adiathesic  diseases  are  such  as 
occur  without  any  antecedent  diathesis. 

ADICE,  Urtica. 

ADIPATUS,  Fatty. 

ABIPEUX,  Adipose. 

ADIPOCERA,  Adipocire  —  a.  Cetosa,  Ceta- 
ceum. 

ADIPOCIRE,  Adipoce'ra,  from  adeps,  'fat,* 
and  cera,  'wax.'  The  base  of  biliary  calculi, 
called  also  Choi' esterine.  Also,  a  sort  of  soap, 
formed  from  animal  matter  under  certain  eircutn- 


ADIPOCIRE  DE  BALEINE      3  5 


iEDGEOGARGARISMUS 


stances.  (F.)  Gras  des  Cadavres,  Gras  des  Cime-  ' 
fibres.  The  human  body,  when  it  has  been  for 
some  weeks  in  water,  assumes  this  appearance  ; 
and  it  has  been  a  subject  of  legal  inquiry,  what 
length  of  time  is  necessary  to  produce  it.  This 
must,  of  course,  depend  upon  various  circum- 
stances, as  climate,  season,  &c. 

ADIPOCIRE  BE  BALEINE,  Cetaeeum. 

AD'IPOSE,  Ad'ipous,  Adipo'sus,  from  adeps,  ; 
'fat.'    (F.)  Adipeux.    That  which  relates  to  fat — 
as  Adipose  membrane,  A.  vessels,  &c.     See  Fatty. 

Ad'ipose  Sarco'ma  of  Ab'erxethy,  Emp)hy'riia. 
sarco'ma  adipo'sum,  is  suetty  throughout,  and 
enclosed  in  a  thin  capsule  of  condensed  areolar 
substance,  connected  by  means  of  minute  vessels. 
It  is  chiefly  found  on  the  fore  and  back  parts  of 
the  trunk.     See  Sarcoma. 

ADIPOSIS.     See  Polysareia. 

Adipo'sis  Hepat'ica,  Pimelo'sis  seu  steato'ais 
seu  malax'is  hepat'ica,  Hepnr  adipo' sum,  Fatty 
liver.  Fatty  degeneration  of  the  liver,  (F.)  Becje- 
nerescence  graisseuse  du  Foie.  Fatty  disease  of 
the  liver. 

ADIPOSUS,  Fatty. 

ADIPOUS,  Fatty. 

ADIP'SIA,  i>t)j8o'si".?  expers.  Absence  of  thirst. 

ADIP'SON,  Adip'sum,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Si'ija,  'thirst.'  Any  substance  which  relieves 
thirst.  Applied  to  a  decoction  of  barley  to  which 
oxymel  was  added. — Hippocrates. 

ADIPSOS,  Glyeyrrhiza. 

AD'ITUS,  'an  entrance/  'an  approach;'  from 
adere,  aditum,  'to  go  to.'  Pros' odos.  The  en- 
trance to  a  canal  or  duct,  as  Aditus  ad  AqitcBduc- 
tum  Fallopii. 

Aditus  ad  Infundibuluii,  Vulva. 

ADIULIS'TOS,  from  a,  privative,  and  iiv'Ki(^<i), 
'  I  strain.'  Unstrained  wine  for  pharmaceutical 
purposes. — Gorrasus. 

ADJUNCTUM,  Accompaniment. 

ADJUTOR  PARTUS,  Accoucheur. 

AD'JUVANT,  Ad'juvans,  from  adjuvare,  '^to 
aid.'  A  medicine,  introduced  into  a  prescription 
to  aid  tho  operation  of  the  principal  ingredient 
or  basis.  Also,  whatever  assists  in  the  removal 
or  prevention  of  disease. 

ADMINICULE,  Adminic'ulum,  [ad  and  ma- 
nus,  'a.  hand').  A  prop,  a  support.  Anything 
that  aids  the  action  of  a  remedy. 

ADNASCENTIA,  Prosphysis. 

ADJTATA  (TUNICA,)  Conjunctiva. 

ABNEE  {MEMBRANE,)  Conjunctiva. 

ADOLES'CENCE,  Adolescen'tia,  Juven'ta,  Ju~ 
ven'tas,  Juven'tus,  AEtas  bona.  Youth;  from  ado- 
lescere,  {ad  and  olescere,)  'to  grow.'  (F.)  Jeun- 
esse.  The  period  between  puberty  and  that  at 
which  the  body  acquires  its  full  development; 
being,  in  man,  between  the  l-4th  and  25th  years ; 
and,  in  woman,  between  the  12th  and  21st. 

ADOLES'CENS,  Ju'venis,  Hebe'tes,  Hebe'ter, 
Hebe'tor,  Hypene'tes.  A  youth.  A  young  man 
in  the  period  of  adolescence. 

^VDO'LIA.  A  Malabar  plant,  whose  leaves, 
put  in  oil,  form  a  liniment,  used  in  facilitating 
labour. 

ADOR,  Zea  mays. 

ADORION,  Caucus  carota. 
ABOUOISSANT.  Demulcent. 
AD  PONDUS  OM'NIUM.     The  weight  of  the 
whole.     In   a  prescription  it  means,  that  any 
particular  ingredient  shall  equal  in  weight  the 
whole  of  the  others. 

AB  RAG  ANT,  Tragacantha. 
ABRAGANTEE,  Tragacantha. 
ADRA  RIZA,  Aristolochia  clematitis. 
ADROBO'LON,  from  abpoi,  'great,'  and  iSuXoj, 
'mass.'  The  bdellium  of  India,  which  is  in  larger 
pieces  than  that  of  Arabia. 


ADROS,  aSpoq,  'plump  and  full.'  Applied  to 
the  habit  of  body,  and  also  to  the  pulse. — Hippo- 
crates. 

ADSARIA  PALA,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

ADSPIRATIO,  Aspiration,  Inspiration. 

ADSTANS,  Prostate. 

ADSTITES  GLANDULOSI,  Prostate. 

ADSTRICTIO,  Astriction,  Constipation. 

ADSTRICTORIA,  Astringents. 

ADSTRINGEXTIA,  Astringents. 

ADULAS'SO.  The  Justitia  bivalvis.  A  small 
shrub,  used  in  India  as  a  local  application  in  gout. 

ADULT,  see  Adult  age. 

Adult  Age,  Andri'a,  from  adolescere,  '  to 
grow  to,'  {ad  and  olere,  olitum,  'to  grow.')  Vi- 
ril'ity,  manhood.  The  age  succeeding  adoles- 
cence, and  preceding  old  age.  In  the  civil  law, 
an  adult  is  one,  who,  if  a  boy,  has  attained  the 
age  of  fourteen  years;  and,  if  a  girl,  of  twelve. 
In  the  common  law,  one  of  full  age.  Adult, 
Adul'tus,  is  also  used  for  one  in  the  adult  age. 

ADULTERATIO,  Falsification. 

ADULTUS,  see  Adult  aze. 

ADUXCATIO  UNGUIUM,  Onychogryphosis. 

ADURENS,  Caustic. 

ADURION,  Rhus  coriaria. 

ADUST,  Adus'tus,  from  adurere,  {ad  and 
urere,)  'to  burn.'  The  blood  and  fluids  were 
formerly  said  to  be  adust,  when  there  was  much 
heat  in  the  constitution,  and  but  little  serum  in 
the  blood. 

ADUSTIO,  Adustion,  Burn. 

ADUS'TIOX,  Adus'tio.  State  of  the  body 
described  under  Adust.  In  surgery,  it  signifies 
cauterization. 

ADVENTITIOUS  DISEASES,  Acquired  dis- 
eases. 

ADVENTITIUS,  Accidental. 

ADYNA'MIA,  Lnpoten'tia;  from  a,  privative, 
and   Svvafitg,    'strength,'    Adyna'sia,   Adyna'tia. 
Considerable  debility  of  the  vital  powers ;  as  in 
typhus  fever.     Some  Nosologists  have  a  class  of 
i|  diseases   under   the  name  AdynamicB,  Ec'lyses, 
:l  Morbi  asthen'ici. 
i      ADY^•A^rrA  Virilis,  Impotence. 
J      ADYNAAI'IC,    Adynam'icus,    Hypodynam'ic, 
jl  Eypodynam'icxis ;   same  etymon.     Appertaining 
'■:  to  debility  of  the  vital  powers. 
'i      ADYNASIA,  Adynamia, 
i      ADYNATIA,  Adynamia. 

ADYNATOCOMIUM,  Hospital. 

ADYNATODOCHIUM,  Hospital. 

ADYNATOS,  Sickly. 

iEDCEA,  Genital  Organs. 

^DCE'AGRA,  from  ai&oia,  'genital  organs,' 
'■  and  aypa,  '  seizure.'     Gout  in  the  genitals. 

^DCEAG'RAPHY,  ^AlceagrajMia,  JEdce- 
\  og'raphy,  from  aiioia,  'organs  of  generation,'  and 
yoa(piJi,  '  I  describe.'  A  description  of  the  organs 
of  generation. 
;  ^DCEAL'OGY,  Ji:doealog"ia,JEdceoVogy,  from 
aiioia,  '  organs  of  generation,'  and  >ioyos,  '  a  de- 
scription.'   A  treatise  on  the  organs  of  generation. 

^DCEAT'OMY,  ^doeatom'ia,  vEdonotom'ia, 
JEdceot'ome,  JEdmot'omy,  from  ai&oia,  'organs  of 
generation,'  and  tcjiviji,  '  I  cut.'  Dissection  of  the 
parts  of  generation. 

^DCEI'TIS,  uEdceoti'tis,  MedeVtis ;  from  at- 
ioia,  'organs  of  generation,'  and  itis,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  genital  or- 
gans. 

^DCEOBLENORRHCEA,  Leucorrhoea. 

^DCEODYN'IA,  from  aihoia,  'organs  of  gene- 
ration,' and  ohvvrj,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  genitals. 
Pudendagra. 

^D(EOGARGALUS,  Masturbation,  Nympho- 
mania. 

iEDCEOGARGARISMUS,  Masturbation, 
Nymphomania. 


iEDCEOGRAPHY 


36 


AEROMANCY 


/EDOaOGRAPHT,  ^doeagraphy. 
^DGEOLOGY,  iEdoealogy. 
^DCEOMANIA,  Nymphomania. 
^DCEOMYCODERMI'TIS,  from  aiSoia,  'or- 
gans  of  generation,'   i^vko;,    '  mucus,'  and   Sepi-ta, 
'  skin.'     Inflammation  of  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  genital  organs. 
^DQEOX,  Inguen. 
jEDCEOPSOPHESIS,  ^doeopsophia. 
^DCEOPSOPH'IA,  ^dixopsojyhe'sis,  from  ai- 
6oia,  '  organs  of  generation,'  and  -i/oipciv,  '  to  make 
a  noise.'     Emission  of  wind  by  the  urethra  in 
man,  by  the  vagina  in  woman. — Sauvages  and 
Sagar. 
jSilDCEOPSOPHiA  Uterina,  Physometra. 
^DCEOS'COPY,    jEdmoscop' ia,    from    aihoia, 
'organs   of  generation,'  and   oko-eiv,   'to  view.' 
Exploration  of  the  organs  of  generation. 

^DCEOTITIS,  ^dffiitis— 86.  Gangrsenosa,  Col- 
pocace  —  £6.   Gangrenosa  puellarum,    Colpocace 
infantilis  —  se.  Gangraenosa  puerperarum,  Colpo- 
cace puerperarum. 
^DCEOTOME,  ^dceatomy. 
^DCEOTOMIA,  ^doeatomy. 
j^DCEOTOMY,  ^dceatomy. 
jEDOPTOSIS,  Hysteroptosis  — £b.  Uteri,  Pro- 
lapsus uteri — se.  Uteri  inversa,  Uterus,  inversion 
of  the — ae.  Uteri  retroversa,  Retroversio  uteri  — 
se.  Vaginae,  Prolapsus  V. — se.  Vesicaj,  Exocyste. 
..SIEIG'LUCES,  Aeig'laces.  from  azi,  'always,' 
and  yXvxuj,  '  sweet.'     A  kind  of  sweet  wine  or 
must. — Gorrseus. 

^GAGROPI'LA,  JEc/agro2)i' Ins,  from  aiyaypog, 
'the  rock  goat,'  and  -iXoj,  'hair,'  Bezoar  d'Alle- 
inagne,  Pila  Dcnna'rum  seu  Miqiieapra'rtim.  A 
ball  composed  of  hairs,  found  in  the  stomach  of 
the  goat :  once  used  medicinally. 
^GEIROS,  Populus. 
iEGER,  Sick. 

^'GIAS,  -iEgis,  ^ylia,  jE'gides,  from  ai^, 
oiyoi,  'the  goat;'  why,  is  not  known.  (F.)  Aige 
or  Aigle.  There  is  obscurity  regarding  the  pre- 
cise meaning  of  this  word.  It  was  used  to  desig- 
nate an  ulcer,  or  speck  on  the  transparent  cornea. 
— Hippocrates. 

Maitre  Jean  uses  it  for  a  calcareous   deposit 
between  the  conjunctiva  and  sclerotica. 
iEGIDES,  ^gias. 

JS'GILOPS,  An'chilops,  An'kylopB,  from  ai^, 
aiyog,  'goat,'  and  uxp,  'the  eye.'  An  ulcer  at  the 
greater  angle  of  the  eye,  which  sometimes  cloes 
not  penetrate  to  the  lachrymal  sac,  but  at  others 
does,  and  constitutes  fistula  lacrymalis. — Galen, 
Celsus.  Oribasius,  Aetius,  Paulus  of  iEgina,  &c. 

.SIGI'RINOjST.    An  ointment  of  which  the  fruit 
or  flower  of  the  poplar  was  an  ingredient;  from 
atyttpof,  '  the  black  poplar.' 
^GLIA,  iEgias. 

^GOCERAS,  Trigonella  foenum. 
^GOLETHRON.  Ranunculus  flammula. 
jEGOXYCHON,  Lithospermum  ofiacinale. 
^GOPHONIA,  Egophony. 
uSlGOPHONICUS,  Egophonic. 
^GOPODIUM   PODAGRARIA,  Ligusticum 
podagraria. 

^GRIPPA,  Agrippa. 

iEGRITUDO,  Disease— ae.  Ventriculi,  Vomit- 
ing. 

iEGROTATIO,  Disease. 
^GROTUS,  Sick. 

jSilGYP'TIA.  An  epithet  for  several  medi- 
cines, mentioned  by  Galen,  Paulus  of  .Sgina, 
and  Myrepsus. 

j^GYPTiA  MoscHATA,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

^GYP'tiA     StTPTe'ria,     Aiyvima      (jTv-rrjoia, 

Egyptian  alum.    Piecommended  by  Hippocrates. 

JEgtp'tia  Ul'cera;  Egyptian  ulcers.   Ulcers 

of  the  fauces  and  tonsils,  described  by  Aretseus, 

as  common  in  Egypt  and  Syria. 


^GYPTIACUM,  j^gyp'tion,  Mende'sion,  Mel 
JEgyptiaeum,  Phar'maeum  JEgyptiacum.  A  pre- 
paration of  vinegar,  honey,  and  verdigris,  scarcely 
used  now,  except  by  veterinary  surgeons  as  a  de- 
tergent. See  Linimentum  ^ruginis. 
^GYPTION",  ^gyptiacum. 
JEGYPTIUM  MEDICAMENTUM  AD 
AURES,  Pharmacum  ad  aures. 

^GYP'TIUS    PESSUS:    JSgyptian  2>essary. 
A  pessary,  composed  of  honey,  turpentine,  butter, 
oil  of  lily  or  of  rose,  saffron,  each  one  part;  with 
sometimes  a  small  quantity  of  verdigris. 
AEICHRYSON,  Sedum. 
^IPATHEIA,  see  Continent  (Disease.) 
AEIPATHIA,  see  Continent  (Disease.) 
.3EM0PT0ICA  PASSIO,  Haemoptysis. 
^XEA,  Catheter. 
^OLECTHYMA,  Variola. 
^OLLION,  Varicella. 
iEOLLIUM,  Varicella. 

jEON,  aiwv.      The  entire  age  of  a  man  from 
birth  till  death. — Hippocrates,  Galen.     Also,  the 
spinal  marrow.     See  Medulla  Spinalis. 
^ONESIS,  Fomentation. 
J^.ONION,  Sedum. 

MO'HA,  from  aioipeuy,  'I  suspend.'     Gestation, 
swinging. — Aetius,  Celsus,  &c. 
^QUALIS,  Equal. 

^QUA'TOR  OC'ULI.    The  line  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  upper  and  under  ej'elid,  when  they 
are  closed.    It  is  below  the  middle  of  the  globe. 
^QUIVOCUS,  Equivocal. 
AER,  Air. 

AERATION  OF  THE  BLOOD,  Haematosis. 
AERATUS,  Carbonated. 

AERENDOCAR'DIA,  (F.)  A^rendocardle, 
from*  arjp,  'air,'  and  endocardium.  Presence  of 
air  in  the  endocardium  or  lining  membrane  of  the 
heart. — Piorry. 

AERE,  Carbonated. 
.AERENTERECTASIA,  Tympanites. 
^REOLUM,  JEreolus,    Qhalem.      The    sixth 
part  of  an  obolus  by  weight,  consequently  about 
2  grains. 

^'RESIS,  aiptaii,  '  the  removal  of  any  thing.' 
A  suifix  denoting  a  removal  or  separation,  as 
Aphcsresis,  Diaresis,  &,c. 

AERETHMIE,  Emphysema. 
AERETH3I0PNEUM0NIE,  see  Emphysema 
of  the  Lungs. 

AERGIA,  Torpor. 

AERHiEMATOX'IA,  (F.)  Aerhematoxie ; 
from  avp,  '  air,'  aipa,  '  blood,'  and  to^ikov,  '  poison.' 
Poisoning  by  the  reception  of  air  into  the  blood- 
vessels. 

AERIF'EROUS,  Aerifer,  (F.)  Aerifh-e,  from 
aer,  'air,'  and  ferre,  'to  carry.'  An  epithet  for 
tubes  which  convey  air,  as  the  larynx,  trachea, 
and  bronchia. 

AERIFLUX'US.  The  discharge  of  gas,  and 
the  fetid  emanations  from  the  sick.  Flatulence. 
— Sauvages. 

AERODERMECTASIA,  Emphysema. 
AERODIAPH'THORA,  from   arip,  'air,'  and 
Sidipdopa,  'corruption.'    A  corrupt  state  of  the  air. 
AERO-ENTERECTASIA,  Tympanites. 
AEROHYDROP'ATHY.       Aerohydropathl'a, 
from  arip,  'air,'  v&wp,  'water,'  and  va^os,  'affec- 
tion.'    A  mode  of  treating  disease,  in  which  air 
and  water  are  the  chief  agents  employed. 

AEROL'OGY;  Aerolog"ia,  Aerolog"ice,  from 
avp,  'air,'  and  Xoyo;,  'a  description.'  That  part 
of  physics  which  treats  of  the  air,  its  qualities, 
uses,  and  action  on  the  animal  economy. 

AEROMAN'CY,  Aeromanti'a,  from  anp,  'air,' 
i  and  navTiia,  'divination.'    An  art  in  judicial  as- 


aEromeli 


37 


/ETHER 


trology,  which  consists  in  the  foretelling,  by 
means  of  the  air,  or  substances  found  in  the  at- 
mosphere. 

AEROMELI,  Fraxinus  ornus. 

AEROPERITONIE,  see  Tympanites. 

AEROPHOB'IA,  from  a^p,  'air,'  and  <^o^oi, 
'fear.'  Dread  of  the  air.  This  symptom  often 
accompanies  hydrophobia,  and  sometimes  hyste- 
ria and  other  affections. 

AEROPHOB'ICUS,  AeropV ohns ;  same  ety- 
mon.    One  affected  with  aerophobia. 

AEROPHOBUS,  Aerophobicus. 

AEROPHTHORA,  Aerodiaphthora. 

AtiROPLEURIE,  Pneumothorax. 

AEROPNEUIdONASIE,  see  Emphysema  of 
the  Lungs. 

AEROPNEUMONECTASIE,  see  Emphy- 
sema of  the  Lungs. 

AERORA'CHIA,  from  anp,  'air,'  and  pa'x^n, 
'spine.'     Accumulation  of  air  in  the  spine. 

AEROSIS,  Pneumatosis,  Tympanites. 

AEROTHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

iERUCA,  Cupri  subacetas. 

iERU'GINOUS,  JErvgino'sus,  lo'des,  from 
mrugo,  'verdigris.'  (F.)  Erugineux.  Resem- 
bling verdigris  in  colour;  as  the  bile  when  dis- 
charged at  times  from  the  stomach. 

^RU'GO,  105,  from  cbs,  'copper.'  The  rust 
of  any  metal,  properly  of  brass.  See  Cupri  Suba- 
cetas, 

M'&vnr)  Ferri,  Ferri  subearbonas — se.  Plumbi, 
Plumbi  subearbonas. 

^S,  Cuprum. 

-^SCHOS,  aiay^og.  Deformity  of  the  body  gene- 
rally, or  of  some  part.— Hippocrates. 

iiS'CULUS  HIPPOCAS'TANUM,  from  esca, 
'  food,'  [  ?]  Casta'iiea  equi'na,  Pavi'na,  Morse- 
chestnut,  Buck-eye.  (F.)  Ilarronier  ou  3Iarron- 
nier  d'Inde.  Ord.  Hippocastanese.  Sex.  Syst. 
Heptandria  Monogynia.  The  bark  has  been 
advised  as  a  substitute  for  cinchona.  Both  barii 
and  fruit  are  astringent.  Externally,  it  has  been 
employed,  like  cinchona,  in  gangrene. 

^SECAVUM,  Brass. 

ESTATES,  Ephelides. 

jESTHE'MA,  aiadriiia,  aiaQnfiaTog,  'a  sensa- 
tion, a  perception.'  See  Sensation  and  Sensi- 
bility. In  the  plural,  cBsthe'mata,  the  apparatuses 
of  the  senses. 

iE  S  T  H  E  M  A  T  0  L' 0  G  Y,  yEsthematolog" ia  ; 
from  aiuQ-nfia,  aurdrjuaroi  and  Xoyos,  '  a  discourse.' 
The  doctrine  of,  or  a  treatise  on,  the  senses,  or 
on  the  apparatus  of  the  senses. 

JBSTHBMATONU'SI,  ^sthematorganonu'si, 
from  aiadriiia,  aiaQrjfiaTOi,  and  vovcoi,  '  diseases.' 
Diseases  affecting  .sensation. 

^STHEMATORGANONUSI,  iEsthe- 
matonusi. 

MQTR'E.&lOQr'V.AVHY,JE8thesiogra'2}hia, 
from  aiff-3-)?cr(f,  'perception,  sensation,' and  ■ypa(pri, 
'a  description.'     A  description  of  the  sensorial 
apparatuses. 

iESTHESIOL'OGY,  JSsthesiolog" ia,  from 
aia^viiL';,  '  perception,  sensation,'  and  \oyoi,  '  a 
discourse.'  The  doctrine  of,  or  a  treatise  on, 
sensation  or  the  senses. 

^STHE'SIS,  Aisthe'sis,  from  aiaSavonai,  '  I 
feel.'  The  faculty  of  being  affected  by  a  sensa- 
tion. Perception.  Sensibility,  as  well  as  the 
senses  themselves.     See  Sense. 

iESTHETERIOISr,  Sensorium. 

^STHET'ICA,  from  aiadavoyLai,  '  I  feel.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  sensations.  Dulness,  depra- 
vation or  abolition  of  one  or  more  of  the  external 
organs  of  sense.  The  2d  order,  class  Kturotica, 
of  Good.  Also,  agents  that  affect  sensation. — 
Pereira. 


iESTIVUS,  Estival. 

.^STUARIUM,  Stove. 

iESTUATIO,  Ardor,  Ebullition,  Fermentation. 

^STUS,  Ardor, 

^STUs  Volat'icus.  Sudden  heat,  scorching 
or  flushing  of  the  face.-^Vogel. 

^TAS,  Age  —  83.  Bona,  Adolescence — ae.  De- 
crepita.  Decrepitude  —  33.  Mala,  Senectus  —  se. 
Provecta,  Senectus  —  se.  Senilis,  Senectus. 

.ZETHER,  Ether,  from  ai&rip,  'air,'  or  from  ai^a, 
'I  burn.'  Ncqihtha.  Liquor  cBthe'reus.  A  vola- 
tile liquor  obtained  by  distillation  from  a  mix- 
ture of  alcohol  and  a  concentrated  acid.  See 
jEther  sulphuricus,  and  Ether. 

^THER  AcETicus,  see  ^ther  Sulphuricus — se. 
Chloricus,  Chloroform,  Ether,  chloric. 

JSther  Hydriod'icus,  Hydriod'ic  or  lodhy'- 
dric  Ether,  Iodide  of  Ethyle.  (F.)  Ether  iodJiy- 
drique :  obtained  by  mixing  alcohol,  parts  v.; 
iodine,  parts  x. ;  and  phosphorus,  one  part,  and 
distilling.     It  is  used  for  iodine  inhalation. 

.^THER  Hydrochloricus;  ^Ether  muriaticus. 

.35THER  Hydrocyan'icus,  ^E.  Prus'sicus,  Hy- 
drocyan'ic  or  Prussia  Ether,  Hydrocy'anate  of 
Eth'erine,  Cyan'nretof  Eth'yle,  (F.)  Ether  Hydro- 
cyanique,  has  been  advised  in  hooping-cough, 
and  where  the  hydrocyanic  acid  is  indicated. 
Dose,  6  drops. 

JSther  Lignosus,  Acetone  —  se.  Martialis, 
Tinctura  seu  Alcohol  sulfurico-sethereus  ferri. 

^ther  MuRiAT'iCDS,yE'.  Hydrochlo'ricus,  Jfu- 
riat'ic,  Chlorohy'dric  or  Marine  Ether,  3Iu'riate 
of  Etherine,  Chloride  of  Ethyle.  This  ether,  on 
account  of  its  volatility,  can  only  be  kept  in  cool 
places.  It  has  the  properties  of  the  other  ethers, 
and  when  used  is  generally  mixed  with  an  equal 
bulk  of  alcohol.  It  has  been  employed  as  an 
anaesthetic. 

A  Chlorinated  Chlorohydric  Ether,  (F.)  Ether 
Chlorhydrique  chlore,  formed  by  the  action  of 
Chlorine  on  Chlorohydric  Ether,  has  been  intro- 
duced into  practice  as  a  local  anassthetic. 

j35]ther  Muriaticds  Alcoholicus,  Spiritus 
astheris  muriaticus — ee.  Nitricus,  see  ^Ether  Sul- 
phuricus—  ae.  Nitricus  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus 
getheris  nitrici  —  eb.  Pyro-aceticus,  Acetone  —  as. 
Nitrosus,  see  iEther  sulphuricus. 

^THER  Sdlphu'ricus,  ^ther  (Ph.  U.  S.),  ^. 
Vitriol'icus,  Naphtha  Vitrioli  seu  Sulphu'rioa, 
O'leum  vitriole  dulce,  Sid'phnric  Ether.  (F.) 
Ether,  Ether  sulfurique,  vitriolique  ou  hydrati- 
que.  Ether  prepared  from  sulpjhurio  acid  and 
alcohol. 

Rectified  Ether,  yEther  rectifica'tus,  prepared 
by  distilling  12  oz.  from  a  mixture  of  suljohnrio 
ether,  fjxiv,  fused  potass,  ,^ss.  and  distilled 
vjater,  fjij,  is  a  limpid,  colourless,  very  inflam- 
mable, volatile  liquor;  of  a  penetrating  and  fra- 
grant odour,  and  hot  pungent  taste.  Its  s.  g.  is 
0.732. 

jEther  Sulphuricus,  Sulphuric  Ether  of  the 
Pharmacoposia  of  the  United  States  (1842), 
^Ether  of  that  of  1851,  is  formed  from  alcohol, 
Oiv  ;  sidphuric  acid,  Oj  ;  potassa,  ^vj  ;  distilled 
water,  f^iij;  distilling  and  redistilling  according 
to  the  process  there  laid  down.  The  specific  gra- 
vity of  this  ether  is  0.750. 

It  is  a  diffusible  stimulant,  narcotic  and  anti- 
spasmodic, and  is  externally  refrigerant.  Dose, 
gtt.  XXX  to  f^iss.  When  ether  is  inhaled,  it  is 
found  to  be  a  valuable  anesthetic  agent:  and  is 
employed  with  advantage  in  spasmodic  afi'ections, 
and  in  surgical  operations.     See  Anaesthetic. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  an  ^ther  ace'ticus, 
Naphtha  Ace'ti,  (F.)  Ether  aeetique  ;  an  JEther 
muria'ticns  seu  hydrochlo'ricus,  (F.)  Ether  chlor- 
hydrique j  aa.  ^ther  ni'tricus  seu  nitro'sus,  (F.} 


^THEREA  HERBA 


38 


AFFUSION 


Ether  nitrique  ou  nitreux  ou  azoteux ;  and  an 
^ther  phosphora'tus.  They  all  possess  similar 
virtues.     See  Anassthetic. 

^THBB  SuLPHURicus  AciDus,  Elixir  acidum 
Halleri  —  se.  Sulphuricus  cum  alcohole,  Spiritus 
setlieris  sulphuric! — se.  Sulphuricus  cum  alcohole 
aromaticus,  Spiritus  eetheris  aromaticus. 

^THEB  Terebinthina'tus,  Terebinth' inated 
ether,  made  by  mixing  gradually  two  pounds  of 
alcohol,  and  half  a  pound  of  spirit  of  turpentine, 
with  two  pounds  of  concentrated  nitric  acid,  and 
distilling  one-half  the  mixture  with  a  gentle  heat. 
Employed  externally  and  internally  in  biliary 
calculi,  rheumatism,  &c.  Dose  20  to  40  drops, 
in  honey  or  yolk  of  egg. 

iETHEREA  HERBA,  Eryngium  maritimum. 

^THE'REAL,  JSthe'reus,  Ethe'renl,  Ethe'- 
reoua,  (F.)  Etheree.  An  ethereal  tincture,  (F.) 
Teintiire  etheree,  is  one  formed  by  the  action  of 
sulphuric  ether,  at  the  ordinary  temperature,  on 
medicinal  substances.  An  ethereal  oil  is  a  vola- 
tile oil.     See  Olea  Volatilia. 

iETHERISMUS,  Etherism. 

^THERISATIO,  Etherization. 

^THERISATUS,  Etherized. 

^THE'REO-OLEO'SA(Remedia),from^<Ae- 
roletmi,  'a  volatile  oil.'  Remedies,  whose  pro- 
perties are  dependent  upon  the  volatile  oil  they 
contain. 

^THEROLEA,  Olea  volatilia. 

^THIOP'ICUS  LAPIS,  Ethiopian  stone.  A 
etone  formerly  supposed  to  be  possessed  of  con- 
siderable virtue. — Oribasius. 

^THIOPIFICA'TIO,  uEthiopopoe'sis,  ^thi- 
opis'mus,  jEthinpio'sis,  from  ^thiops,  andj'acere, 
'to  make.'  The  mummy-like  colouring  of  the 
skin,  induced  at  times  by  the  use  of  mercurial 
ointment;  and  seen  in  bodies  poisoned  by  arsenic. 

iETHIOPIOSIS,  ^thiopificatio. 

^THIOPIS,  Salvia  sclarea. 

^THIOPISMUS,  iEthiopificatio. 

^THIOPOPOESIS,  ^thiopificatio. 

^'THIOPS,  from  ai^to,  'I  burn,'  and  wi^, 
'  countenance.'  A  black  or  burnt  countenance. 
The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  certain  oxides 
and  sulphurets  of  metals,  which  were  of  a  black 
colour. 

jEthiops  Albus,  Albino  —  £e.  Alcalisatus,  Hy- 
drargyrum cum  creta — se.  Animal,  see  Choroid. 

^THIOPS  Martia'lis,  Mar'tial  Elhiojys,  Ferri 
Eeutox'ydum  nigrum.  The  black  deutoxide  of 
iron :  once  in  repute  as  a  tonic.  See  Oxydum 
Ferri  nigrum. 

iETHiOPS  MiNERALis,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
nigrum — se.  Narcoticus,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
nigrum — se.  per  se,  Hydragyri  oxydum  cinereum 
' — ae.  Saceharatus,  Hydrargyrum  saccharatum — 
83.  Vegetabilis,  see  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

^THOL'ICES,  from  at^w,  'I  burn.'  Fiery 
pustules  on  the  skin.  Some  have,  considered 
them  to  have  been  boils. 

^THUSA  AMMI,  Sison  ammi. 

^THu'sA  Cyna'pium,  Fool's  Parsley,  {'F.)Faux 
Persil,  Petite  Cigue.  Family,  Umbelliferae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  A  poisonous  plant, 
which  has  been  mistaken  for  true  parslej',  pro- 
ducing nausea,  vomiting,  headache,  giddiness, 
sopor,  and  at  times,  fatal  results.  It  resembles 
conium  in  its  action. 

-tEthu'sa  Meum,  3Ieum,  31.  Athaman'ticum, 
sen  Anethifo'lium,  Athaman'ta  Ifeum,  Ligus'ticiim 
Capilla'ceum  seu  ileum,  Ses'eli  3Ieum,  Meu,  Spig- 
nel,  Baldmoney.  (F.)  Ethuse,  Meum.  The  root  has 
been  advised  as  carminative,  stomachic,  <fee. 

^TIOL'OGY,  ^tiolog"ia,  Etiol'ogy,  Aitio- 
log"ia,  from  atria,  'cause,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  dis- 
course.'    The  doctrine  of  the  causes  of  disease. 


.^TI'TES,  or  AETITES,  from  aero;,  'an 
eagle.'  Eayle-stone,  Pierre  d'Aigle,  Hydrate  de 
tritoxide  de  fer.  This  stone  was  formerly  sup- 
posed to  facilitate  delivery,  if  bound  on  the  thigh  ; 
and  to  prevent  abortion,  if  bound  on  the  arm. 
It  was  also  called  Lapis  Colhjmus. 

MiOl,  or  AETOI  PHLEBES,  Temporal  veins. 

^TOLION,  Cnidia  grana. 

AFFADIL,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

AFFADISSEMENT,  (F.)  from  fade,  'insipid.' 
That  condition  of  the  digestive  function  in  which 
the  appetite  is  diminished,  the  sense  of  tas*8 
blunted,  and  the  action  of  the  stomach  enfeebled; 
a  state  usually  accompanied  by  general  languor. 

AFFAIBLISSE3IENT,  Asthenia. 

AFFAIRES,  Menses. 

AFFAISSE3IENT,  Collapsus. 

AFFECTIO,  Affection— a.  Arthritica  Cordis, 
Cardiagra — a.  Hypochondriaca,  Hypochondriasis 
— a.  Hysterica,  Hj'steria  —  a.  Sarmatica,  Plica  — 
a.  Tympanitica,  Tympanites. 

AFFECTION,  Affec'tio,  from  officio  or  affec- 
fare  (ad  and  facere,)  'to  move  or  influence.' 
Any  mode  in  which  the  mind  or  body  is  aflfected 
or  modified. 

AFFECTION  TYPHOIDE,  see  Typhus  — 
a.  Vaporeuse,  Hypochondriasis. 

AFFECTIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

AFFECTIONS  OF  THE  MIND,  Affec'tus  seu 
Passio'nes  seu  Affectio'nes  seu  Conquassatio'nes 
seu  Confusio'nes  seu  Turhatio' nes  seu  Perturba- 
tio'nes  an'imi,  (E.)  Affections  de  Z'ame  include  not 
only  the  different  passions,  as  love,  hatred,  jea- 
lousy, <fec.,  but  every  condition  of  the  mind  that 
is  accompanied  by  an  agreeable  or  disagreeable 
feeling,  as  pleasure,  fear,  sorrow,  <fec. 

In  Pathology,  Affection,  Pathos,  Pathe'ma,  \i 
synonymous  with  disease :  thus  we  speak  of  a 
pulmonary  affection,  a  calctdous  affection,  &c. 

AFFECTIONS  BE  L'AME.  Affections  of 
the  mind. 

AFFECTIVE.  That  which  affects,  touches,  &c. 
Gall  gives  the  term  affective  facidties,  (F.)  FaciU- 
tes  affectives,  to  functions  dependent  upon  the 
organization  of  the  brain,  comprising  the  senti- 
ments, affections,  &c. 

APFECTUS,  Passion  —  a.  Faueium  pestilens, 
Cynanche  maligna — a.  Hyderodes,  Hydrops — a. 
Spasmodico-convulsivus  labiorum,  Neuralgia  fa- 
ciei. 

AF'FERENT,  Af'ferens,  Centrip' etal,  Esod'ie, 
from  cffero,  (ac?  and /e?-o,-' to  carry,')  'I  bring.' 
Conveying  inwards,  as  from  the  periphery  to  the 
centre.  The  vessels  which  convey  the  lymph  or 
chyle  to  the  lymphatic  glands,  are  called  afferent, 
vasa  afferen'tia  seu  inferen'tia.  Also,  nerves 
that  convey  impressions  towards  the  nervous 
centres  — nervi  entobcenon'tes. 

AF'FION,  Aff'ium,  Ofjinm.  Opium.  The 
Bantamese  thus  designate  an  electuary  of  which 
opium  is  the  basis,  and  which  they  use  as  an  ex- 
citant. 

AFFLA'TUS,  Adfla'tus,  Epijmoi'a,  from  ad, 
'to,'  and  flare,  'to  blow.'  Any  air  that  strikes 
the  body  and  produces  disease. 

AF'FLUENCE,  Afflux,  from  affluere,  (adand 
ffuere,  '  to  flow,')  '  to  flow  to.'  A  flow  or  deter- 
mination of  humours,  and  particularly  of  blood, 
towards  any  part. 

AFFLUXUS,  Fluxion. 

AFFRODILE,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

AFFUSIO,  Affusion— a.  Frigida,  see  Affusion 
— a.  Orbicularis,  Placenta. 

AFFU'SION,  Affn'sio,  Pros'chysis,  Epieh'ysis, 
from  ad,  '  to,'  andfundere,  fusum,  'to  pour.'  The 
action  of  pouring  a  liquid  on  any  body.  Affu- 
sions, Bhyptolu'sicE,  cold  and  warm,  are  used  in 


AFIUM 


39 


AGGLUTINATIF 


different  diseases.  The  cold  affusion,  Affii'sio 
seu  Perfu'sio  frig"ida,  is  said  to  have  been  bene- 
ficial ia  cutting  short  typhus  fever  and  scarlatina, 
if  used  during  the  first  days.  It  consists  in  pla- 
cing the  patient  in  a  tub,  and  pouring  cold  water 
over  him  ;  then  wiping  him  dry,  and  putting  him 
to  bed.  The  only  precaution  necessary  is,  to  use 
it  in  the  state  of  greatest  heat  and  exacerbation  ; 
not  when  chilliness,  or  topical  inflammation,  is 
present. 

AFIUM,  Opium. 

AFTER-BIRTH,  Secundines. 

AFTER-PAINS,  See  Pains,  labour. 

AGACEMENT,  (F.)  from  uku^uv,  '  to  sharpen.' 
The  setting  on  edge. 

AGACE3IENT  DES  BENTS.  A  disagree- 
able sensation  experienced  when  acids  are  placed 
in  contact  with  the  teeth.  Tooth-edge.  Setting 
the  teeth  on  edge. 

A  GA  CEMENT  BES  NERFS.  A  slight  irri- 
tation of  the  system,  and  particularly  of  the 
organs  of  sense  and  locomotion,  corresponding 
nearly  to  the  English  Fidgets. 

AGAH,  Intermittent  Fever. 

AGALACTATIO,  Agalactia. 

AGALACTIA,  Agalax'ia,  Agalac'tio,  Agalac- 
ta'tio,  Befec'tns  lac'tis,  Oligoga'lia,  Oligogalac'- 
tia,  from  a,  privative,  and  yaXa,  'milk.'  Absence 
of  milk  in  the  mamma. 

AGALAXIA,  Agalactia. 

AGAL'LOCHUM,  from  aya\\u>,  '  I  decorate,' 
Calamhac,  Calamhouk,  Lig'ntim  Agal'loclii  veri 
seu  Al'oes  seu  Asjjal'athi,  Xyloiiloes,  Aloes  icood. 
A  resinous  and  very  aromatic  wood  of  the  East 
Indies,  from  Exeaca'ria  Agal'loclia,  Cynome'tra 
Agal'lockum,  Aloex'ylon  Agal'loehum.  Used  in 
making  pastils,  &c.  —  Dioscorides,  Oribasius, 
Paulus. 

AGAMOUS,  See  Cryptogamous. 

AG'ARIC,  Agar'icum,  Agar'icus.  A  genus  of 
plants  in  the  Linnsean  sj'Stem,  some  of  which  are 
edible,  others  poisonous.  It  is  supposed  to  have 
been  so  called  from  Agaria,  a  region  of  Sarmatia. 
— Dioscorides.  Among  the  edible  varieties  of  the 
Boletus,  the  following  are  the  chief: — 1.  The 
Agar'icus  edu'lis  seu  Arven'sis  seu  Sylvat'icus 
seu  Campes'tris,  (F.)  Agaric  comestible  et  cham- 
jyignon  de  coucJie.  2.  The  Agar'ic^is  odora'tits, 
(F.)  llousseron.  The  most  common  poisonous 
varieties  are  the  Agar'icus  neca'tor,  (F.)  Agaric 
meurtrier  J  and,  2.  The  Agarictcs  acris,  {¥.)  Aga- 
ric dcre ;  besides  the  Aitranite,  a  sub-genus, 
■which  includes  several  species.  One  of  the  most 
delicate  is  the  Agaricus  Aurantiacus,  but  care 
must  be  taken  not  to  confound  it  with  the  A. 
Pseudo-aurantiacus,  which  is  very  poisonous. 
The  A.  aurantiacus  is  called,  in  French,  Oronge. 
See  Poisons,  Table  of. 

Agaric,  see  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Amadoiivier, 
Boletus  laricis — a.  Blanc,  Boletus  laricis — a.  de 
Chine,  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Female,  Boletus  ig- 
niarius —  a.  of  the  Oak,  Boletus  igniarius  —  a. 
Odorant,  Dsedalea  suaveolens — a.  White,  Boletus 
laricis. 

AGARICUM,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AGARICUS,  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Albus,  Bo- 
letus laricis — a.  Arvensis,  see  Agaric — a.  Auran- 
tiacus, Amanitse,  Bolites  —  a.  Aurieulaeforma, 
Peziza  auricula — a.  Campestris,  see  Agaric — a. 
Chirurgorum,  Boletus  igniarius  —  a.  Igniarius, 
Boletus  igniarius — a.  Laricis,  Boletus  laricis — 
a.  Pseudo-aurantiacus,  Amanitas  —  a.  Quercfls, 
Boletus  igniarius  —  a.  Sylvaticus,  see  Agaric. 

AGARIFIED,  See  Feverish. 

AGASTRONER'VIA,  (F.)  Agastronervie,iTom 
a,  privative,  yacrrip,  'stomach,'  and  vcvpov,  'nerve.' 
Want  of  nervous  action  in  the  stomach. 

AGASYLLIS  GALBANUM.Bubon  galbanum. 

AGATHIS  DAMARRA,  Pinus  damarra. 


AGATIIOSMA  CRENATUM,  Diosma  ere- 
nata. 

AGATHOTES  CHIRAYITA,  Gcntiana  chi- 
rayita.       _ 

AGA'VE  AMERICA'NA,  A.  Ramo'sa,  Ameri- 
can Agave,  American  aloe.  Maguey,  from  ayavos, 
'admirable.'  Nat.  Ord.Hvoxa.&Wacex.  Sex.  Synt. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  This  plant  has  been 
considered  diuretic  and  antisyphilitic.  The  fa- 
vourite drink  of  the  Mexicans — Pulque — is  the 
fermented  juice  of  this  plant. 

Agave  Ramosa,  A.  Americana. 

Agave  Virgin'ica,  Rattlesnake's  master,  False 
aloe, — grows  in  the  Southern  States.  The  root 
is  very  bitter.  It  has  been  used  in  tincture  as  a 
carminative  in  colic;  and  as  a  remedy  for  bites 
of  serpents. 

AGE,  '7]\tKia,  Heli'lcia,  ^tas  ; — Of  uncertain 
etymon.  Period  of  life.  Time  that  has  elapsed 
since  birth,  ifcc.  Five  ages  are  often  designated 
in  the  life  of  man  :  1.  First  infancy  {hifan'tia  ;) 
2.  Second  infancy  (PiierWiVf  y)  3.  Adolescence 
{Adolescen'tia ;)  4.  The  adult  age  {Viril'itas  ;) 
5.   Old  age,  (Old  Eng.)  Elth,  (Senec'tus.) 

AGENEIOS,  Imberbis. 

AGEN'ESIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  ytvtaiq, 
'generation,'  (F.)  Agenesie.  Imperfect  develop- 
ment of  any  part  of  the  body  ;  as  cerebral  age- 
nesis, i.  e.  imperfect  development  of  the  brain  in 
the  foetus.     See  Monster. 

AGENNESIA,  Impotence,  Sterilitas. 

AGENNESIS,  Impotence. 

AGENOSO'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  ycwau), 
'  I  generate,'  and  ciiifja,  '  body.'  A  malformation 
in  which  the  fissure  and  eventration  are  chiefly 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen ;  the  urinary  or 
sexual  apparatus  absent,  or  very  rudimentary. 

AGENT,  Agens,  from  agere,  '  to  act.'  Any 
power  which  produces,  or  tends  to  produce,  an 
effect  on  the  human  body.  Morbific  agents,  (F.) 
Agens  morbifiques,  are  the  causes  of  disease ; — 
therapeutical  agents,  (F.)  Agens  thSrajoeutiques, 
the  means  of  treating  it. 

AGER  NATURE,  Uterus. 

AGERA'SIA,  Insenescen'tia,  from  a,  privative, 
and  yijpas,  '  old  age.'  A  vigorous  and  green  old 
age. 

AGERATUM,  Achillea  ageratum— a.  Altissi- 
mum,  Eupatorium  ageratoides. 

AGE'RATUS  LAPIS,  Ayriparos.  A  ston^ 
used  by  cobblers  to  polish  shoes.  It  was  for- 
merly esteemed  discutieut  and  astringent. — Ga- 
len, Oribasius,  Paulus. 

AGES,  Palm. 

AGEUSIA,  Ageustia. 

AGEUS'TIA,  Agheus'tia,  Ageusia,  Apogeus'- 
tia,  Apogeu'sis,  Bysassthe'sia  gustato'ria,Ancesthe'- 
sia  gustato'ria,  Parageu'sis,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
ysvais,  '  taste.'  Diminution  or  loss  of  taste, 
AncRsthe'sia  lingucB. — Sauvages,  Cullen. 

AGGLOM'ERATE,  Agglomera'tus,  from  ag- 
glomerare,  [ad  and  glomerare,  'to  wind  up  yarn 
in  a  ball,')  '  to  collect  together.'  Applied  to  tu- 
mours or  glands  in  aggregation. 

AGGLU'TINANT,  Agglu'tinans,  CoUet'icus, 
Glu'tinans,  from  gluten,  'glue,'  (F.)  Agglutinant^ 
Agglutinatif,  Glutinatif,  Colletique.  Remedies 
were  formerly  so  called,  which  were  considered 
capable  of  uniting  divided  parts. — Paulus. 

Plasters  are  called  agglutinants,  (F.)  aggluti- 
natifs,  which  adhere  strongly  to  the  skin.  Cer- 
tain bandages  ,are  likewise  so  termed  ;  (F.)  Ban- 
delettes  agglutinatives. 

TO  AGGLUTINATE.  The  French  use  the 
word  agglutiner  in  the  sense  of  'to  reunite;'  as 
agglutiner  les  Uvres  d'une  plate,  'to  reunite  the 
lips  of  a  wound.' 

AGGLUTINATIF,  Agglutinant. 


AGGLUTINATIO 


40 


AGRYPNODES 


AGGLHTIXATIO,  coition. 

AG&LUTINATIOX,  Colle'sis,  Epicolle'sis, 
Prosculle'sis,  Glutina'tio,  from  agglutinare,  '  to 
glue  together.'  The  first  degree  of  adhesion. 
Also,  the  action  of  agglutinants. 

AGGLUTINER,  To  agglutinate. 

AG'GPtEGATE,  Aggrega'tus,  from  aggregare, 
(ad  and  gregare,) '  to  flock  together,'  'to  assemble 
together.'  Glands  are  called  aggregate  which  are 
in  clusters.  See  Peyeri  Glandulte.  Aggregate 
pills,  (F.)  Pilules  agregatives,  signified,  formerly, 
those  which  were  believed  to  contain  the  proper- 
ties of  a  considerable  number  of  medicines,  and 
to  be  able  to  supply  their  place. 

AGHEUSTIA,  Ageustia. 

AGHOUL,  Agul. 

AGIAHA'LID  or  AGIHA'LID  or  AGRA- 
HA'LID.  An  Egyptian  and  Ethiopian  shrub, 
similar  to  Ximenia.  The  Ethiopians  use  it  as  a 
vermifuge.     The  fruit  is  purgative. 

AGIHALID,  Agiahalid. 

AGISSANT,  Active. 

AGITATION,  Agita'tto,  Done'sis,  from  agere, 
'  to  act.'  Constant  and  fatiguing  motion  of  the 
body,  Tyrhe,  Tijrha'sia,  In'qiiles, — or  distressing 
mental  inquietude, — Aii'imi  Agita'tio. 

AGITATORIUS,  Convulsive. 

AGLOS'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ■y\(ucca, 
'the  tongue.'  A  malformation,  which  consists 
in  the  want  of  a  tongue. 

AGLOSSOS'TOMA,  from  Aglossia,  and  aTOfia, 
'mouth.'     A  mouth  without  a  tongue. 

AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY,  Aglossostomo- 
yra'phia,  from  a,  priv.,  yXojo-o-a,  '  the  tongue,' 
GTOjia,  'the  mouth,'  and  ypacju,  'I  describe.' 
Description  of  a  mouth  without  a  tongue. — Ro- 
land, (of  Saumur.) 

AGLUTI'TIOX,  Agluti'Hio,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
glutire,  'to  swallow.'  A  hybrid  term,  designa- 
ting impossibility  of  swallowing. — Linnseus. 

AGMA,  Fracture. 

AGMATOLOG"IA,  from  ayjia,  ayjiaTo?,  frac- 
ture, and  'Xoyoi,  'a  description.'  The  doctrine 
of  fractures.     A  treatise  on  fractures. 

AGME,  Fractures. 

AGMIXA  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Phalanges 
of  the  fingers. — a.  Membrana,  Amnios. 

AGMINATED  GLANDS,  Peyer's  glands. 

AGNAIL,  Hangnail. 

AGNA'IHIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yvaQoi,  'jaw.' 
A  malformation,  which  consists  in  the  want  of 
the  jaw,  especially  of  the  lower. 

AGNINA  MEMBRANA,  Amnios. 

AGNOI'A,  Agnce'a,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yivuiaKui, 
'  1  know.'  State  of  a  patient  who  does  not  recog- 
nise individuals. — Hippocrates,  Galen,  Foesius. 

AGNUS^CASTUS,  Vitex. 

AGO'GE,  aywyri.  The  order  or  condition  of  a 
disease. — itippoc,  Galen.  Likewise  the  state  of 
the  air. — Hippoc,  Galen,  GorrEeus,  Foesius. 

AGOGUE,  ayojyof,  'a leader,'  fromayoi,  'Head 
or  expel.'  Hence  Cholagogue,  an  expeller  of  bile ; 
Hydragogue,  &c. 

AGOMPHI'ASIS,  Agompiho'sis,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  yofKpom,  '1  nail.'  Looseness  of  the 
teeth. — Gorrseus.     See  Gomphiasis. 

AGOMPHOSIS,  Agomphiasis. 

AGON.  Agony. 

AGONE,  Hyosevamus. 

AGONIA,  Sterilitas. 

AGONISMA,  Agonv. 

AGONISMUS.  Agony. 

AGONIS'TICA,  from  ayojv,  'a  combat.'  The 
part  of  ancient  gymnastics,  which  had  reference 
to  the  combats  of  the  Athletse. 

Also,  verj' cold  water,  given  internally  to  calm 
febrile  heat. — Paulus  of  ^gina. 
AGONIZANS,  Psyehorages. 
AGONOS,  Sterile. 


AG'ONY,  Agon'ia,  Agon,  Agonis'ma,  Agonis'- 
mus,  MochthiM,  Jlogits,  Psychora.g"ia,  Psychor- 
rJiag"ia,  Angor,  Throe,  Throw,  (Sc.)  Patient  of 
death,  from  ayoiv,  '  a  combat.'  The  last  struggle 
of  life. — Galen,  Gorrseus,  &e.  The  agony,  which 
is  of  longer  or  shorter  duration,  is  characterized 
by  great  change  in  the  features,  gradual  abolition 
of  sensation  and  motion,  loss  of  voice,  dryness  or 
lividity  of  the  tongue  and  lips,  rattling  in  the 
throat,  small  and  intermittent  pulse,  and  coldness 
of  the  extremities.  This  state  is  not  present  in 
those  who  die  suddenly.  See  Facies  Hippo- 
cratica. 

AGOS'TUS,  from  ayto,  'I  lead.'  The  fore  arm 
from  the  elbow  to  the  fingers.  Also,  the  palm  of 
the  hand. — Gorrseus.     See  Palm. 

AGRA,  aypa,  from  aypcui,  '  I  seize  hold  of.'  A 
seizure,  as  Odoiitagra,  a.  tooth  seizure,  toothache; 
Chiragra,  Podagra,  &C. 

AGPAFE  DE  VALEXTIX.  A  kind  of  for- 
ceps with  parallel  branches,  employed  by  Valen- 
tin in  the  operation  for  hare  lip,  to  eflFect  the 
approximation  of  the  edges  of  the  wound. 

AGRAHALID,  Agiahalid. 

AGREGATIVES  PILULES.  See  Aggre- 
gate. 

AGRE2IIE,  from  agrie,  'gout,'  (Piorry,)  and 
aina,  'blood.'  The  altered  condition  of  the  blood 
in  gout. — Piorry. 

AGRIA,  Herpes  exedens.  Lichen  agrius. 

AGRIAMPELOS,  Bryonia  alba. 

AGRICOCCIMELEA.  Prunus  Spinosa. 

AGRIE,  Gout. 

AGRIFOLIUM,  Ilex  aquifolium. 

AGRIMONIA,  Agrimony  —  a.  Eupatoria, 
Agrimony — a.  Odorata,  Agrimony — a.  OfBcina^ 
lis.  Agrimony. 

Agriiionia  Parviflo'ra,  Small-flow' ered  or 
Sweet-scented  Agrimony ;  indigenous;  has  simi- 
lar properties  to  A.  Eupatoria.     See  Agrimony. 

AG'RIMONY,  Agrimo'nia,  A.  Eupato'ria  seu 
odora'ta  seu  officina' lis,  Caf'al,  Laji'ptda  hepat'- 
iea,  Cochle-hur,  Stickicort.  (F.)  Aigremoine.  Ord. 
Rosaeese.  Sex.  Syst.  leosandria  Digynia.  A 
mild  astringent  and  stomachic.  Eose,  in  powder, 
from  9j  to  5J. 

Agrimony,  Hemp,  Eupatorium  cannabinum — 
a.  Small-flowered,  Agrimonia  parviflora  —  a; 
Sweet-scented,  Agrimonia  parviflora. 

AGRIOCASTANUM,  Bunium  bulbocastanum, 
Lycoperdon  tuber. 

AGRIOCINARA,  Semjiervivum  tectorum. 

AGRIORIGANUM,  Origanum  majorana. 

AGRIOSELINUM,  Smyrnumolusatrum. 

AGRIOTHYM'IA,  from  aypio;,  'ferocious,' 
and  5u//of,  '  disposition.'  Ferocious  insanity. — 
Sauvages. 

AGRIPALMA  GALLIS,  Leonurus  cardiaca. 

AGRIP'PA,  ^grip'pa,  from  ceger  piartus, 
'difiicult  birth:'  or  perhaps  from  aypa,  'taking 
or  seizure,'  and  Trovg,  'the  foot.'  This  term  has 
been  given  to  those  born  by  the  feet.  It  is  pre- 
tended that  the  family  of  Agrippa  obtained  their 
name  from  this  circumstance.  Parturition,  where 
the  feet  present,  is  czXledAgrijypcB  pjartua,  Agrip- 
pi'nus  piartus. 

AGRIPPINUS  PARTUS,  see  Agrippa. 

AGRO  DI  CEDRO,  see  Citrus  mediea. 

AGROPYRUM  L^VISSlMUM,  Triticum  re- 
pens. 

AGROSTEMMA  GITHAGO,  Lychnis  githago, 

AGROSTIS,  Bryonia  alba  —  a.  Verticillata, 
Andropogon  muricatus. 

AGRUNA,  Prunus  spinosa. 

AGRYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AGRYPNOCOMA,  Coma  vigiJ. 

AGRYPNO'DES,  from  aypv-vo<;,  'sleepless. 
Characterized  by  sleeplessness,  as  Eehris  Agryp. 
nodes,  a  fever  accompanied  with  sleeplessness. 


AGRYPNOTICUS 


41 


AIRIONE 


AGRYPNOTICUS,  Anthypnotic. 
AGRYP'NUS,  aypuTvof.     Sleepless,  vigilant. 
AGUA  BE  VEliUGA,  see  Verugas. 
AGUARDIENTE,  Brandy.     See  also  Spirit. 
— a.  de  Italia,  see  Spirit. 

A'GUE,  from  Gothic,  agis,  'trembling.'  (?)    In- 
termittent fever;  often  used  in  the  same  sense 
as  chill  or  rigor. 
Ague  and  Fever,  Intermittent  fever. 
Ague,  Brow,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 
Ague  Cake,  Placen'ta  fehri'lis  seu  sple'nica, 
Physco'm'a  sple'nica,   Splenis   Tumor;    (F.)    Gd- 
teau  febrile.     A  visceral  obstruction — generally 
in  the  spleen— which  follows  agues,  and  is  dis- 
tinctly  felt    by    external    examination.      To    a 
greater  or  less  degree,  it  is  not  uncommon. 
Ague,  Dead,  see  Fever,  masked. 
Ague  Drop,  Tasteless,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 
Ague,   Dumb,   see   Fever,   masked  —  a.  Face, 
Neuralgia,  facial. 

Ague,  Free,  Laurus  sassafras. 
Ague,  Leaping,  see  Leaping  ague  —  a.  Quar- 
tan, Quartan — a.  Tertian,  Tertian  fever. 
Ague  Tree,  Laurus  sassafras. 
Ague,  Third-day,  Tertian. 
.    Ague  Weed,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

AGU'IOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yviov,  'limb.' 
Mutilated  or  wanting  limbs. — Hippocr.  Weak, 
feeble. — Galen. 

AGUL,  Aghoul,  Alha'cji,  the  Hedisa'rum  seu 
Hedysa'rum  alhagi.  A  thorny  shrub  of  Persia 
and  Mesopotamia,  which  affords  manna.  The 
leaves  are  purgative. 
_  AGYR'IAS,  from  ayvpi;,  'a  collection.'  Opa- 
city of  the  crystalline. — Aetius,  Pare. 

AGYR'TA,  from  ayvpis,  'a  crowd.'    Formerly, 
a  stroller  who  pretended  to  supernatural  powers. 
Subsequently,  a  quack  or  illiterate  pretender. — 
See  Charlatan. 
AGYRTIA,  Charlatanry. 

AHO'RA,  from  a,  privative,  and    'opa,  'youth.' 
Tardy  development  of  the  organs:  the  opposite 
to  Hyperho'ra. 
AHOUAI,  Thevetia  ahouai. 
AHUSAL,  Orpiment. 
AHYPNIA,  Insomnia. 
AIAULT,  Narcissus  pseudo-nareissus. 
AIDE  (F.),  Ad'Jutor  min'ister.     An  assistant 
to  a  surgeon  in  his  operations. 
AIDOIOMANIA,  Nymphomania. 
AIERSA,  Iris  Germanica. 
AIGE,  Mgms. 
_  AIGLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    Near  the 
city  of  this  name,  in  Normandy,  is   the  chaly- 
beate spring  of  St.  Xantin,   much   used  in   the 
16th  and  17th  centuries. 
AIGLE,  Mgina. 

AIGRE,  Acidulous— a.  Voix.     See  Acid. 
AIGRELET,  Acidulous. 

AIGRETTE,  Rumex  acetosa,  see  Tvpha 
latifolia. 

AIGREMOINE,  Agrimony. 
AIGREURS,  Acidities. 
AIGU,  Acute. 

AIGUES-GAUDES,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF,  Aignes-chatides,  Eaux  chaudes,  Aqum  cal'- 
idcB.  Sulphurous  springs,  about  six  miles  from 
Bonnes,  Basses  Pyrenees,  in  France:  five  in 
number,  the  temperature  of  which  is,  respec- 
tively, about  70°,  81°,  92°,  9.3°,  and  95°. 

AIGUILLE,  Needle — a.  d  Acupuncture,  see 
JNeedle— a.  d  Appareil,  see  Needle— a.  d  Bee  de 
Lievre,  see  Needle— a.  d  Cataracte,  see  Needle 
—a.  de  Deschamps,  see  Needle— a.  Engainee,  see 
Needle— a.  d  Fistxde,  see  Needle— a.  d  Gains, 
see  Needle — a.  d  Ligature,  see  Needle — a.  d 
Manche,  see  Needle— a.  d  SSton,  see  Needle-r-a. 
d  Suture,  see  Needle. 

AIGUILLON   (F.),    Spina    Eelmon'tii.      A 


term  used  since  the  time  of  Van  Helmont  to 
designate  the  proximate  cause  of  inflammation. 
According  to  him,   an  inflamed  part  is   in  the 
same  condition  as  if  an  aiguillon  or  thorn  were 
thrust  into  it. 
AIGUISER,  To  acidulate. 
AIL,  Allium. 
AIDE,  Ala,  Aileron. 

AILERON  (F.),  Extre'ma  Ala  seu  Pin'nula, 
diminutive  of  (F.)  Aile,  a,  wing.  The  extremity 
of  the  wing  of  a  bird,  to  which  the  great  feathers 
are  attached. 

AILERONS   DE    LA    MATRICE.      Three 
folds  at  the  base  of  the  broad  ligaments  of  the  ute- 
rus, which  are  occupied  by  the  ovary  and  its  liga- 
ment, the  Fallopian  tube,  and  the  round  lic'-ament. 
AILING,  Sick,  Sickly. 
AILMENT,  Disease. 
AIMA,  'atfia,  see  Hsema. 
AIMANT,  Magnet. 
AIMATERA,  Hepatirrhoea. 
AIMORRHCEA,  Hajmorrhagia. 
AIMORRHOIS,  Hsemorrhois. 
AINE,  Inguen. 

AIPATHIA,  Continent  disease. 
AIPI,  Jatropha  inanihot. 
AIPIMA  COXERA,  Jatropha  manihot. 
AIPIPOCA,  Jatropha  manihot. 
AIR,    Aer,    Pneuma,    from    am,    '  I    breathe.' 
Common  Air,  Atmospheric  air,  (F.)  Air  atmosphL 
rique,  is  an  invisible,  transparent,  inodorous,  in- 
sipid, ponderable,  compressible,  and  elastic  fluid, 
which,  under  the  form  of  the  atmosphere,  sur- 
rounds the  earth  to  the  height  of  15  or  16  leagues. 
Air  is  essentially  composed  of  two  gases, 'oxy- 
gen and  nitrogen,  in  the  proportion  of  20  of  the 
former  to  80  of  the  latter.     Oxygen  is  the  vital 
portion,  but  the  nitrogen  is  necessary  to  dilute  it. 
Air  also  contains  a  small  portion  of  carbonic  acid 
gas,  and  has   always  floating  in  it  aqueous  va- 
pour, difi'erent  terrestrial   emanations,  etc.      Its 
effects  upon  the  human  body  vary  according  to 
its  greater  or  less  density,  temperature,  moisture, 
etc.;    hence,  change   of  air  is  found   extremely 
serviceable  in  the  prevention  and  cure  of  certain 
morbid  conditions.    See  Climate,  and  Respiration, 
AIR    AGIDE    VITRIOLIQUE,    Sulphurous 
acid — a.  Alcalin,   Ammonia — a.   AtniospAerique, 
Air. 

Air  Bladder,  Swim-hladder,  Swimming-Uad- 
der.  The  Swim,  (F.)  Vessie  natatoire.  An  ab- 
dominal organ  in  many  fishes,  sometimes  com- 
municating by  means  of  a  duct,  Ductus  pneu- 
mat'icus,  with  the  alimentary  canal,  at  others, 
not,  which  is  considered  by  some  to  belong  to 
the  respiratory  system.  Its  contents  are  the  ele- 
ments of  atmospheric  air,  but  in  different  propor- 
tions; and  its  chief  and  general  function  appears 
to  be  to  regulate  the  specific  gravity  of  the  fish. 

Air  Cells  op  the  Lungs,  Bronchial  cells;  see 
Cellule — a.  Chamber,  Folliculus  seris. 

Air,  Dephlogisticated,  Oxygen  —  a.  Empy- 
real, Oxygen. 

AIR  DU  FEU,  Oxygen. 
Air,  Factitious,  Carbonic  acid  —  a.  Fixed, 
Carbonic  acid  —  a.  Gate,  Azote  —  a.  Hepatique, 
Hydrogen  sulphuretted — a.  Inflammable,  Hydro- 
gen, Hydrogen  carburetted  — a.  Mephitic,  Car- 
bonic acid. 

Air  Passages,  (F.)  Voies  aeriennes,  V.  aeri- 
feres.     The  larynx,  trachea,  bronchia,  etc. 
AIR  PUANT,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 
Air,  Pure,  Oxygen— a.  Solid,  of  Hales,  Car- 
bonic acid — a.  Vide,  Azote— a.  Vital,  Oxygen. 
AIRAIN,  Bell-metal,  Brass. 
AIRE,  Areola. 
.  AIRELLE  ANGULEUSE,  Vaccinium  myr- 
tillus — a.  Ponctuee,  Vaccinium  vitis  idsea. 
AIRIGNE,  Hook. 


AIRTHREY 


42 


ALBUGINEOUS 


AIRTHREY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Airthrey  is  situate  about  two  miles  north  of 
Stirling,  Scotland.  The  waters  are  saline  ca- 
thartics; containing  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride 
of  calcium,  sulphate  of  zinc,  and  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium. 

ATSELLE,  Axilla. 

AISTHESIS,  ^sthesis. 

AITHOMO'MA,  from  ai5o?,  'black.'  A  black 
condition  of  all  the  humours  of  the  eye.    A.  Pare. 

AITIA,  Cause. 

AITIOLOGY,  ^tiologia. 

AITION   Cause. 

AIX-LA-CHAPELLE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Called  by  the  Germans,  Aachen.  A  ther- 
mal, sulphureous  mineral  water,  which  contains, 
in  1000  grammes,  28.54  cubic  inches  of  sulpho- 
hydric  acid  gas,  18.05  cubic  inches  of  carbonic 
acid  gas,  0.1304  grammes  of  carbonate  of  lime, 
0.0440  grammes  of  carbonate  of  magnesia,  0.6444 
grammes  of  carbonate  of  soda,  2. .3697  grammes 
of  chloride  of  sodium,  0.2637  of  sulphate  of  soda, 
and  0.0705  of  silica.  The  temperature  is  134° 
Fahrenheit. 

'^he  factitious  water  of  Aix-la-Ghapelle,  A'qua 
Aquisgranen'sis,  (F.)  Eau  d'Aix-la-Cha2}elle,  is 
made  by  adding  ^jio'e  icater  f^.xvijss,  to  hydro- 
eidphurettcd  water  f^iv.,  carbonate  of  soda  gr. 
XX,  chloride  of  sodium  gr.  ix. — Ph.  P. 

There  are  thermal  sulphureous  springs  at  Aix 
in  Savoy  (98°),  and  some  thermal  springs  at  Aix 
in  Provence  (91°). 

AIZOON,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

A'JUGA,  A.  23yramida'lis,  Consol'ida  me'dia, 
Sii'gnla,  B.  jiy  rami  da' lis,  Teu'  crimn  jiyramidu'le, 
Upright  Biigloss,  Middle  Consound,  (F.)  Bugle 
pyramidale.  This  plant  is  subastringent  and 
bitter. 

Ajuga  Cham^pitys,  Teucrium  chamajpitys. 

Ajuga  Reptans,  Bu'gula,  B.  reptans,  Common 
Bugle,  (F.)  Bugle  r«))!^aH<e,  has  similar  properties. 

AKATALIS,  Juniperus  communis. 

AKATERA,  Juniperus  communis. 

AKERATODIAPHANIE,  see  Caligo. 

AKINESIA,  Acinesia. 

AKNEMIA,  Acnemia. 

AKOLOGY,  Materia  Medica. 

AKRATOPEG^,  AcratopegEB. 

AKSIS,  Intermittent  Fever. 

ALA,  Pinna,  Pteryx,  'a.  wing,'  (F.)  Aile.  A 
term  often  used  by  anatomists  for  parts  which 
project  like  a  wing  from  the  median  line;  as  the 
Aim  nasi,  AIcb  of  the  uterus,  etc.  See  Axilla,  and 
Pavilion  of  the  Ear.     Also,  Pterygium. 

Ala  Extrema,  see  Ailei-on. 

ALABAMA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Tallahatta  sj^rings  contain  sulphur,  and  salts  of 
iron,  lime,  and  magnesia.  But  the  most  noted 
are  those  of  Bladen.  See  Bladen,  Mineral  Wa- 
ters of.  Bailey's  spring  is  an  acidulo-sulphu- 
reous  chalybeate.  It  is  fourteen  miles  from  Tus- 
cumbia. 

ALABASTER,  Alabas'trum.,  (F.)  Albdtre, 
Alabastri'tes.  A  variety  of  compact  gypsum ; 
of  which  an  ointment  was  once  made — the  un- 
guen'tum  alabastri'num /  used  as  a  discutient. 
Alabaster  likewise  entered  into  .several  denti- 
jfricGs. 

ALABASTRITES,  Alabaster. 
AL^  INTERNA  MINORES  CLITORIDIS, 
Nymphte— a.  Magnaj,  see  Sphenoid  bone — a.  Ma- 
jores.  Labia  pudendi — a.  Minores,  Nymphse,  see 
Sphenoid  bone — a.  Muliebres  minores,  Nymphse 
— a.  Nasi,  see  Nasus— a.  Pudendi  Muliebris,  La- 
bia pudendi — a.  Pulmonum,  see  Pulmo — a.  of 
the  Uterus,  see  Ala — a.  Vespertilionis,  see  Uterus. 
ALAISE,  Alese. 

ALAITER,  from  (F.)  lait,  'milk.'    To  suckle. 
ALALIA,  Mutitas. 


ALAMBIC,  Alembic. 

ALANFU'TA.  A  name  given  by  the  Arabians 
to  a  vein,  situate  between  the  chin  and  lower  lip, 
which  they  were  in  the  habit  of  opening  in  case.s 
of  fcetor  of  the  breath. — Avicenna. 

ALAQUE'CA.  The  Hindoostanee  name  of  a 
stone,  found  in  small,  polished  fragments,  which 
is  considered  efBcacious  in  arresting  haemorrhage 
when  applied  externally.  It  is  a  sulphuret  of  iron. 
ALARES  MUSCULI,  Pterygoid  muscles. 
Ala'res  Ven^.  The  superficial  veins  at  the 
fold  of  the  arm. 

ALARIA  OSSA.  The  wing-like  processes  of 
the  sphenoid  bone. 

ALA'RIS,  Ala'tus,  Aliform'is;  from  ala,  'a 
wing.'     Wing-shaped,  winged. 

ALATERNUS,  COMMON,  Rhamnus  alater- 
nus — a.  JLatifolius,  Rhamnus  alaternus. 

ALA'TUS,  Pterygo'des,  Homo  ala'tus.  One 
whose  scapula3  project  backwards  like  wings. 

ALBA'DAFi,AN,    Aldabaran.       The    sesamoid 
bone   of   the    metatarso-phalangal  joint   of  the 
great  toe.     The  Rabbis  and  Magicians  attributed 
extraordinary  virtues  to  it. — Arabians. 
ALBAGIAZI,  Sacrum. 
ALBAMENTUM,  Albumen  ovi. 
ALBAN,  SAINT,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF. 
A  French  acidulous  chalybeate,  in  the  department 
of  the  Loire. 

ALBARAS  ALBA,  Lepra  alphoides — a.  Nigra, 
Lepra  nigricans. 

ALBARiES,  Lepra  alphoides. 
ALBAROS,  Lepra  alphoides. 
ALBA  TEE,  Alabaster. 
ALBEDO  UNGUIUM,  see  NaiL 
ALBIN  D'OEUF,  Albumen  ovi. 
ALBINISM,  see  Albino. 
ALBINISMUS,  see  Albino. 
ALBI'NO,    'White.'     LeuccB'thiops,    ^thiopa 
albiis,  Dondo,  from  alius,  'white,'  (F.)  Blafard, 
Negre-hlanc,    A  Spanish  word  applied  to  indivi- 
duals of  the  human  race  who  have  the  skin  and 
hair  white  [Achromodermie  and  Achrom.otricho- 
mie. — Piorry);  the  iris  very  pale,  bordering  on 
red;  and  the  eyes  so  sensible  that  they  cannot 
bear  the  light  of  day.    This  condition,  which  has 
been  called  Leucmthio'pia,  Alpho'sis  ^thioj^ica, 
Albino'is'mus,    Albinis'mus,   Al'binism,   Kakerla- 
kism,  Lencopathi'a,  Leuco'sis,  is  seen  more  fre- 
quently in  the  Negro.     Both  sexes  are  exposed 
to  it.     It  does  not  seem  to  be  true  that  there  are 
tribes  of  Albinos  in  the  interior  of  Africa. 
ALBINOISMUS,  see  Albino. 
ALBOR  OVI,  Albumen  ovi. 
AL'BORA.     A   kind   of  itch   or  complicated 
leprosy. — Paracelsus. 
ALIBOT,  Crucible. 
ALBOTIM,  Terebinthina. 
ALBUOIN:^,  Albuginea,  Albugineous. 
ALBUGIN'EA,  A.  Testis,  Tu'niea  albugin'ea, 
Perites'tis,  Dura  mater  testis,  ilembra'na  eapsula'- 
ris  testis.     (F.)  Albvgini,  Tunique  albuginee.     A 
strong,  fibrous,  and  resisting  membrane,  which 
immediately  envelopes  the  testicle,  and  has,  at 
its    upper   part,  an    enlargement,  called    corpus 
Highmorianum.     From  its  inner  surface  it  sends 
off  a   number  of  flat,  filiform  prolongations  or 
septa,  between  which   are    contained   the  semi- 
niferous vessels.     Externally,  it  is  covered  by  the 
tunica  vaginalis  testis. 

ALBUGIN'EOUS,  J[»M^wi'er(s,  'white,'  from 
albus,  (F.)  Albugine.  A  term  applied  to  textures, 
humours,  <fcc.,  which  are  perfectly  white. 

ALBUGlN'Eons  Fibre,  (F.)  Fibre  albuginee.  A 
name  given  by  Chaussier  to  what  he  considers 
one  of  the  four  elementary  fibres. 

The  albugineous  fibre  is  linear,  cylindrical, 
tenacious,  elastic,  but  little  extensible,  and  of  a 
shining,  satiny  appearance.     It  forms  fascise  or 


ALBUGINITIS 


43 


ALCHEMILLA 


fr^cicuU,  which  constitute  the  tendons,  articular 
ligaments,  and  aponeuroses;  hence  the  name 
Alhugincous  membranes,  given  by  Chaussier  to 
the  fibrous  membranes. 

Gauthier  considered,  that  the  rete  mucosum 
consists  of  four  layers,  to  two  of  which  he  gives 
the  names  membra'na  albugin'ea  prof  un' da  and 
membra' na  albugin'ea  superficia'lis,  respectively. 

ALBUGINI'TIS,  (F.)  'Alhuginite.  A  term 
employed  by  some  authors  for  inflammation  of 
the  albugineous  tissue.  Thus,  gout  and  rheu- 
matism are  regarded  as  species  of  the  genus 
albuginitis. 

ALBUGO  OCULORUM,  Leucoma  — a.  Ovi, 
Albumen  ovi. 

ALBULA,  Leucoma. 

ALBUM  CANIS,  Album  grsecum  — a.  Ceti, 
Cetaeeum. 

Album  GRjECTJM:,  Album  Cam's,  Cynoe'opms, 
Spo'dinm  GrfBco'rum,  Stercus  Cani'nvm  Album. 
The  white  dung  of  the  dog.  It  consists  almost 
wholly  of  phosphate  and  carbonate  of  lime,  from 
the  bones  used  as  food.  It  was  formerly  applied 
as  a  discutient  gargle  in  quinsies,  and  as  an  anti- 
epileptic  ;  but  is  now  justly  banished  from 
practice. 

Album  ISTigruh.  The  excrement  of  the  mouse. 

Album  Oculi,  see  Sclerotic. 

Album  Rhazis.  A  white  ointment  made  of 
cerusse  and  lard,  prescribed  by  the  Arabian  phy- 
sician Rhazes. 

ALBU'MEN,  Zeweo'jna,  Ooni'ne,  Ozemun,  frova 
albus,  'white.'  (F.)  Albumine.  An  immediate 
principle  of  animals  and  vegetables,  which  con- 
stitutes the  chief  part  of  the  white  of  egg.  Il^s 
found  in  the  serum,  chyle,  synovia,  serous  fluio^ 
(fee.  There  is  not  much  difference  in  chemical 
composition  between  animal  and  vegetable  albu- 
men, fibrin  and  casein.  Also,  the  white  of  the 
eye.     See  Sclerotic. 

Albu'men  Ovi,  Ovalbu'men,  Albu'men,  Albii'- 
mor,  Albu'go  seu  Albor  seu  Can'didum  Ovi, 
Clare'ta,  Ovi  albus  liquor,  Albumen'titm,  Lac  avis, 
white  of  egg,  (F.)  Blanc  d'oeuf  (Old  F.)  Albin 
d'aeuf,  is  used  in  pharmacy  for  suspending  oils, 
&c.,  in  water.     See  Ovum. 

Albumen,  Saliyart,  see  Saliva. 

ALBUMINE,  Albumen  — a.  Cerebrale,  Neu- 
rine — a.  dxi  Cerveau,  Neurine. 

ALBU'MIJfOID,  Albinmnoi'des,  from  albumen, 
a.nd  eiSoq,  'resemblance.'  Resembling  albumen,  as 
fibrin,  casein,  &a.  It  is  often  applied  to  aliments 
in  the  same  sense  as  proteinous. 

ALBU'MINOSE.  The  soluble  principle  of 
fibrin,  identical  with  the  dominant  principle  of 
the  white  of  egg. — Bouchardat.  According  to 
others,  the  ultimate  product  of  the  transformation, 
in  the  stomach,  of  albuminoid  matters,  which 
renders  them  fit  for  assimilation  and  nutrition. 
Albuminose  is  not  coagulable  by  heat,  and  incom- 
pletely so  by  acids;  an  excess  of  acid  dissolving 
the  precipitate.  Robin  and  Verdeil  regard  it  as 
synonymous  with  the  casein  of  the  small  intestine 
of  Tiedemann  and  Gmelin,the  gelatiniform  matter 
of  the  intestine  of  Prevost  and  Morin,  and  the 
casein  of  the  blood  of  Dumas.     See  Peptone. 

ALBtJMIiSrO'SIS.  A  condition  of  the  blood, 
in  which  the  ratio  of  albumen  is  increased,  as  in 
abdominal  typhus,  variola,  rubeola,  &c.  Moser 
and  Strabl. 

ALBUMINU'RIA.  A  hybrid  term  from  'albu- 
men,' and  ovpov,  'the  urine.'  A  condition  of  the 
urine  in  which  it  contains  albumen,  the  presence 
of  which  is  indicated  by  its  coagulation  on  the 
application  of  adequate  heat.  See  Kidney, 
Bright's  disease  of  the. 

ALBUMINU'RIC,  Alluminu'riens,  (F.)  Albu- 
minurique.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  albumi- 
nuria.    One  labouring  under  Albuminuria. 


ALBVMINVRORRHEE,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the.  ' 
ALBUMOR,  Albumen  ova. 
AL'CAEST,  Al'cahes't,  Al'chaest,  perhaps  from 
(G.)  all,  'all,'  and  geist,  'spirit.'  A  word  in- 
vented by  Paracelsus  to  designate  a  liquor,  which, 
according  to  him,  was  capable  of  removing  every 
kind  of  swelling. 

The  same  word  was  used  by  Van  Helmont  for 
a  fancied  universal  solvent,  capable  of  reducing 
every  body  to  its  elements. 

Alcaest  op  Glauber  is  a  thick  liquor  ob- 
tained by  detonating  nitrate  of  potassa  on  hot 
coals,  which  transforms  it  into  subcarbonate  of 
potassa. 

Alcaest  of  Respour  is  a  mixture  of  potassa 
and  oxyd  of  zinc. 

ALCAHEST,  Alcaest. 

ALCAHOL,  Alcohol. 

ALCALES'CENCE,  Alkales' cenee,  Alcaleseen'- 
tia.  The  condition  in  which  a  fluid  becomes 
alkaline. 

Alcalescence  of  the  Humours  was  an  old 
notion  of  the  humourists.  It  can  only  occur 
during  the  putrid  fermentation  of  animal  mat- 
ters, which  contain  azote,  and  produce  ammonia. 
Alcalin'ity  is  the  quality  of  being  alcaline. 

AL'CALI  or  Alca'li,  Al'kali,  from  al  {Arab.,) 
'the,'  and  kali,  the  name  of  the  Salso'la  Soda, 
a  plant  which  contains  a  large  quantity  of  one 
of  the  principal  alkalis — soda.  The  alkalis  are 
substances  soluble  in  water,  possessing  generally 
a  urinous,  acrid,  and  caustic  taste,  turning  the 
syrup  of  violets  green,  and  restoring  to  blue  in- 
fusion of  litmus,  which  has  been  reddened  by 
acids;  reddening  the  yellow  of  turmeric,  and 
having  the  greatest  tendency  to  unite  with  acids, 
whose  character  they  modify,  and  form  salts  with 
them.  In  medicine  we  understand  by  this  term 
Potassa,  Soda,  or  Aynmonia. 

Alcali,  Caustic,  Al'kali  Caus'ticum.  A  pure 
alkali.     One  deprived  of  its  carbonic  acid. 

Alcalis,  Fixed,  Soda  and  potassa;  Volatile 
Alcali,  Ammonia. 

Alcali  Ammoniacum  Acetatum,  Liquor  am- 
monise  acetatis — a.  Ammoniacum  fluidum,  Liquor 
ammonise — a.  Fixum  tartarizatum,  Potassas  tar- 
tras — a.  Minerale  sulphuricum,  Soda,  sulphate 
of — a.  Tartari  aceto  saturatum,  Potassaj  acetas — 
a.  Vegetabile  salito  dephlogisticatum,  Potassse 
murias  hyperoxygenatus — a.  Vegetabile  tartari- 
zatum, PotassEe  tartras — a.  Vegetabile  vitriola- 
tum,  Potassae  sulphas — a.  Volatile  acetatum.  Li- 
quor ammonise  acetatis  —  a.  Volatile  aeratum, 
Ammonias  earbonas — a.  Volatile  ex  sale  ammo- 
niaco,  Ammonia  earbonas. 

ALCALIGENE,  Azote. 

ALCALINITY.     See  Alkalescence. 

AL'CALOID;  from  alcali  and  eiSog,  'form.' 
A  name  given  to  the  organic  alcalis  to  distinguish 
them  from  the  mineral,  from  which  they  differ  as 
regards  composition  and  general  properties ; — 
having  nothing  in  common  but  their  basic  pro- 
perties. Brucia,  Emetia,  Morphia,  Strj'chnia, 
(fcc,  are  alcaloids. 

ALCAiSTA,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

ALCANNA  MAJOR  LATIFOLIA  DENTA- 
TA,  Prinos — a.  Orientalis,  Lawsonia  inermis — a. 
Spuria,  Anchusa  tinctoria — a.  Vera,  Lawsonia 
inermis. 

ALCE  A,  Hil5iscus  abelmoschus — a.  ^gyptiaca, 
Hibiscus  abelmoschus — a.  Indica,  Hibiscus  abel- 
moschus. 

Al'cea  Ro'sea,  Common  hollyhock,  Hoc,  Socks. 
Emollient,  like  Althaea. 

ALCHACHENGE,  Physalis. 

ALCHACHIL,  Rosmarinus. 

ALCHAEST,  Aleahest. 

ALCHEMIL'LA,  said  to  have  been  celebrated 


ALCHEMY 


44 


ALEIMMA 


with  tte  Alchemists  [?],  supposed  by  some  to  be 
of  Arabic  derivation.  A.  vidga'ris,  Common 
Ladies'  Mantle,  Pea  Leo'nis,  Leont02w'dium,  (F.) 
Pied  de  Lion.  Formerly  in  great  repute  as  an 
astringent  in  hemorrhage. 

ALCHEMY,  Alchymy. 

ALCHITRAM,  see  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

ALCHITURA,  see  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

ALCOHOOL,  Alcohol. 

ALCHOENEA  LATIFOLIA,  see  Alcornoque. 

AL'CHYMY,  Al'chemy,  Alchemi'a,  AlcMmi'a, 
Adep'ta  Philosoph'ia,  from  al,  an  Arabic  par- 
ticle, signifying,  '  superiority,  excellence,'  and 
Ghimia,  '  Chymistry.'  This  word  was  formerly 
synonymous  with  Chymistry ;  but,  from  the  7th 
century,  it  has  been  applied  to  the  mysterious  art 
of  endeavouring  to  discover  a  universal  remedy, 
and  a  mode  of  transmuting  the  baser  metals  into 
gold :  an  operation  to  which  they  gave  the  name 
Opus  magnum,  and  Philosopher's  stone. 

Alchymy  has  also  been  called  Scien'tia  vel 
Philosoph'ia  Hermet' ica,  from  an  idea  that  Her- 
mes or  Mercury  was  its  inventor. 

Harris  has  well  defined  this  chimerical  art : 
'Ars  sine  arte,  ciijus  prt)!C!'pi?H)i  est  mentiri,  me- 
dium lahorare,  et  finis  mendicare.' 

Al'chymist,  (Old  Eng.)  Alkymistre,  Flatua'- 
rius,  Adept'.     One  pretending  to  alchymy. 

ALCOCALUM,  Cynara  scolymus. 

AL'COHOL,  Al'cahol,  Alchool,  Alkol,  Alcol, 
AV cool,  Al'kool.  An  Arabic  word,  formerly  used 
for  an  impalpable  powder,  and  signifying  'very 
subtile,  much  divided.'  At  the  present  day  it  is 
applied  to  highly  rectified  spirit  of  wine  :  —  see 
Spiritus  rectificatus  or  rectified  spirit,  distilled 
from  dried  subcarbonate  of  potassa.  In  the  Ph. 
U.  S.,  Alcohol  is  rectified  spirit  of  the  specific 
gravity  0.835.  The  Dublin  college  has  a  spiritus 
ybfij'or,  used  in  the  preparation  of  certain  essences, 
whose  specific  gravity  is  .818.  Alcohol,  absolute 
alcohol,  of  the  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Pharma- 
copoeias, is  of  specific  gravity  .797. 

Alcohol  is  an  inflammable  liquor,  lighter  than 
water,  of  a  warm,  acrid  taste,  colourless,  trans- 
parent, and  of  a  pungent,  aromatic  smell.  It  is 
the  product  of  the  distillation  of  vinous  liquors  ; 
is  miscible  with  water  in  all  proportions,  and  is 
the  direct  solvent  of  resins,  balsams,  &o.  Various 
other  vegetable  principles  are  soluble  in  it,  and 
hence  it  is  used,  in  different  states  of  concentra- 
tion, in  the  preparation  of  elixirs,  tinctures,  es- 
sences, Ac. 

Alcohol  acts  on  the  animal  body  as  a  powerful 
stimulus  :  as  such,  in  a  dilute  form,  it  is  used  in 
the  prevention  and  cure  of  disease.  Its  habitual 
and  inordinate  use  is  the  cause  of  many  serious 
affections,  of  a  chronic  character  especially,  as 
visceral  obstructions,  dropsy,  (fee. 

Alcohol,  absolute,  see  Alcohol  —  a.  Mth.Q- 
reus  Ferratus,  A.  Sulfurico-asthereus  ferri  —  a. 
cum  Aloe  perfoliata,  Tinetura  aloes  —  a.  Am- 
monise  et  guaiaci,  Tinetura  guaiaoi  ammoniata 
—  a.  Ammoniatum,  Spiritus  ammonia  —  a.  Am- 
Tnoniatum  aromaticum,  Spiritus  ammonise  aro- 
maticus  —  a.  Ammoniatum  foetidum,  Spiritus 
ammoniee  fnetidus  —  a.  Amylicum,  Oil,  fusel  — 
a.  cum  Aromatibus  sulphuricatus,  Sulphuricum 
aeidum  aromaticum — a.  cum  Aromatibus  compo- 
situs,  Tinetura  cinnamomi  eomposita — a.  Casto- 
riatum.  Tinetura  castorei — a.  cum  Crotone  casca- 
rilla,  Tinetura  cascarillifi — a.  Dilutum,  Spiritus 
tenuior — a.  Ferratus,  Tinetura  ferri  muriatis — 
a.  cum  Sulphate  ferri  tartarisatus,  see  Ferrum 
tartarisatum — a.  cum  Guaiaco  officinale  ammo- 
niatus,  Tinetura  guaiaci  ammoniata  —  a.  lodii, 
Tinetura  lodini  — a.  cum  Opio,  Tinetura  opii 
— a.  Methylic,  Spiritus  Pyroxylicus — a.  Pyroxylic 
Spiritus  Pyroxylicus — a.  Sulphuricatum,  Elixir 
aeidum  Halleri — a.  Sulphuricum,  Elixir  aeidum 


Halleri — a.  Sulphuris,  Carbonis  sulphuretum — a.. 
Vini,  Spiritus  rectificatus  —  a.  Wood,  Spiritus 
pyroxylicus. 

ALCOHOL'IC,  Alcohol'icus,  Spirituo'sus,Spir'- 
ituous.  (F.)  Alcoolique.  Relating  to  or  contain- 
ing alcohol — as  an  alcoholic  drink  or  remedy. 

ALCOHOLISM'US,  Al'coholism,  (F.),  Alco- 
olisme.  The  series  of  morbid  phenomena  pro- 
duced by  the  use  of  alcoholic  liquors. 

ALCOL,  Alcohol. 

ALGOLS,  Aphtha}. 

ALCOL  AT,  Alcoolat. 

ALCOOL,  Alcohol — a.  Camp)hre,  Spiritus  cam- 
phorte. — a.  de  Sou/re,  Carbonis  sulphuretum. 

ALCOOLAT,  Spirit.  It  now  generally  signi- 
fies alcohol,  charged,  by  distillation,  with  the  vola- 
tile principles  of  certain  substances,  or  a  distilled 
spirit, — Alcolat  {Codex  med.  of  Paris). 

ALCOOLATUM,  Tincture  — a.  Antiscorbuti- 
cum,  Tinetura  de  Cochleariis^a.  Carminativum 
Sylvii,  Tinetura  de  Cochleariis — a.  de  Croco  com- 
positum,  Tinetura  de  Croco  eomposita. 

ALCOOLATURE,  Teinture  aveo  les  plantes 
fraiches.  A  name  given  by  M.  Beral  to  certain 
preparations  introduced  by  him,  which  consist  of 
alcohol,  charged,  by  maceration,  with  the  soluble 
principles  of  fresh  plants.     See  Tincture. 

ALCOOLE.  A  name  given,  in  the  new  French 
pharmaceutical  nomenclature,  to  medicines  re- 
sulting from  the  solvent  action  of  alcohol  on 
different  substances,  or  from  its  admixture  with 
liquids  which  unite  with  it  in  all  proportions. 
See  Tincture. 

ALCOOLE  SUCRE,  Ratafia, 
.  ALCOOLIQUE,  Alcoholic. 

ALCOOLISER  (F.)  Formerly,  'to  reduce  into 
an  impalpable  powder.'     No  longer  used. 

ALCOOLISME,  Alcoholismus. 

ALCOOLOMETER,  Areometer, 

ALCOOMETER,  Areometer. 

ALCORNOQUE  (¥.),  Cortex  Alcornoco.  The 
bark  of  Alchor'nea  latifo'lia,  of  Jamaica,  which 
has  been  considered  capable  of  curing  phthisis. 
It  is  bitter,  tonic,  and  slightly  astringent.  Dose 
of  the  powder  J^i  to  ^ss. 

AL'CYON,  Hal'cyon.  A  swallow  of  Cochin 
China,  whose  nest  is  gelatinous  and  very  nutri- 
tious. It  has  been  proposed  in  medicine  as  ana- 
leptic and  aphrodisiac. 

ALCYO'NIUM,  Bastard  sponge.  The  ashes 
were  formerly  employed  as  dentrifices  :  they  were 
believed  proper  for  favoring  the  growth  of  the 
hair  and  beard,  and  were  used  in  Alopecia. 

ALDABARAN,  Albadaran. 

ALDEHYDE,  see  Anassthetic. 

ALDER,  AMERICAN,  Alnus  serratula  — a. 
Black,  Prinos,  Rhamnus  frangula — a.  European, 
Alnus  glutinosa — a.  White,  Clethra  alnifolia. 

ALE,  Cerevisia. 

Ale,  White.  A  drink,  used  in  Devonshire, 
England,  amongst  the  ingredients  of  which  are 
milk,  spice,  and  spirit. 

ALEACAS,  Glycyrrhiza. 

ALEBEPiRY.  A  beverage,  formerly  made  by 
boiling  ale  with  sjnce  and  sugar,  and  sops  of 
bread.     It  was  given  to  invalids. — Palsgrave, 

ALECOST,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 

ALECTO'RIUS  LAPIS,  Alecto'ria ;  from 
aXt/cTup,  '  a  cock.'  The  name  of  a  stone,  supposed 
to  exist  in  the  stomach  of  the  cock,  or,  according 
to  others,  in  that  of  the  capon,  four  years  old. 
Many  marvellous  properties  were  formerly  attri- 
buted to  it,  which  are  as  groundless  as  its  exist- 
ence. There  are  no  stones  in  the  stomach,  except 
what  have  been  swallowed. 

ALEGAR,  Acetum. 

ALEHOOF,  Glechoma  hederacea, 

ALEIMMxi,  Liniment, 


ALEIPHA 


4  5 


ALIMENT 


ALEIPHA,  Liniment. 

ALEIPTE'RIUM,  from  aXni^o),  'I  anoint.' 
The  place  in  the  ancient  gymnasium  where  the 
combatants  anointed  themselves. 

■  ALEIP'TKON.      Same   etymon.     A   box   for 
containing  ointments. 

ALE  MA,  Farina. 

ALEM'BIC  (Arab.),  Moorshead,  CapiteVlum, 
Capit'ulum,  Am'hicus,  (F.)  Alamhic.  A  utensil 
made  of  glass,  metal,  or  earthen  ware,  adapted 
for  distillation.  A  still.  It  consists  of  a  hochj 
or  cucurbit,  (F.)  cucurbite,  chaudiere,  to  which  is 
attached  a  head  or  capital,  (P.)  chapiteau,  and 
out  of  this  a  beak  descends  laterally  to  be  inserted 
into  the  receiver,  worm,  condenser,  or  refrigera- 
tor, (F.)  serpentin,  refrigerant,  as  the  case  may 
be. 

ALEM'BROTH  [Salt.)  Sal  Alembroth.  The 
alchymists  designated  by  this  name,  and  by 
those  of  Sal  sapien'tice,  Sal  artis,  Sal  vita  and 
S.  Scieiiticn,  the  product  resulting  from  the  sub- 
limation of  a  mixture  of  corrosive  sublimate  and 
sal  ammoniac.    It  is  stimulant,  but  not  employed. 

ALESE  (F.),  Aleze,  Alaise,  Lin'teum,  from 
uAe^o),  '  I  preserve.'  A  guard.  A  cloth  arranged 
in  several  folds,  and  placed  upon  a  bed,  so  as  to 
guard  it  from  the  lochial  or  other  discharges. 

ALETON,  Farina. 

ALETRIS,  A.  farinosa. 

Al'etris  (Ph.  U.  S.),  A.  Farino'sa  seu  alba, 
Stargrass,  Starivort,  Blazing  star,  Aloe-root, 
Bitter-grass,  Black  root,  Unicorn  root,  Ague  root, 
Ague  grass,  Colic  roof.  Devil's  bit,  Mealy  starxcort, 
(F.)  Aletris.  Nat.  Ord.  Asphodeleee.  Sex.  Syst. 
Ilexandria  Monogynia.  This  plant  is  an  intense 
and  permanent  bitter,  and  is  used  as  a  tonic  and 
stomachic.     It  is  common  in  the  United  States. 

Aletris  alba,  Aletris — a.  Aurea;  indigenous 
— has  similar  virtues. 

ALEURON,  Farina. 

ALEUROTESIS,  see  Cribration. 

ALEXANDERS,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

ALEXANDRI  ANTIDOTES  AUREA.  See 
Alexandrine. 

ALEXAN'DRINE,  Emplas'trtim  Alexan'dri. 
A  garlic  plaster,  invented  by  Alexander,  contem- 
porary of  Mesue.  Other  ancient  preparations 
were  called  'Alexandrine;'  as  the  Alexan'dri 
antid'otus  au'rea,  used  in  apoplexy;  the  Collyr'- 
ium  siccum  Alexandri'mim,  or  '  Colly rium  of  King 
Alexander,'  mentioned  by  Aetius. 

ALBXICACUM,  Amuletum,  Alexipharmic. 

ALEXIPHAR'MIC,  Alcxiphar'macus,  Anti- 
pliar'macus,  Alexica'cus,  Caeo-alexite'ria,  Lexi- 
phar'macus,  (F.)  Alexipharmaque,  from  aXc^eiv, 
'  to  repel,'  and  (papfiaKov,  '  poison.'  A  term  for- 
merly used  for  medicines  which  were  considered 
proper  for  expelling  from  the  body  various  mor- 
bific principles,  or  for  preventing  the  bad  effects 
of  poisons  taken  inwardly. 

ALEXIPYRETICUS,  Febrifuge. 

ALEXIR.  Elixir. 

ALBXITE'RIA,  Cacalexite'ria,  from  a'Xe^aiTSai, 
'to  assist.'  Originally,  alexiteriam  was  used 
synonymously  with  remedy.  In  more  modern 
times  it  has  been  applied  to  a  class  of  medicines, 
that  counteract  poisons  placed  in  contact  with 
the  exterior  of  the  body,  in  contradistinction  to 
alexipharmic. 

ALEXITERIUM  CHLORICUM,  see  Disin- 
fection— a.  Nitricum,  see  Disinfection. 

ALEZE,  Attse. 

ALFUSA,  Tutia. 

ALGA  MARINA,  Pila  marina. 

ALGALIC,  Catheter. 

ALGALIE,  Catheter. 

AL'GAROTH,  Al'garot,  Algaro'tU  Pulvis, 
Pulvii  AngeVicus,  Ox'idum  seu  Submtt'rias  Stib'ii 


prmcipitan' do  para'tum,  Antimo'nii  Ox'ydum, 
Ox'idum  antimo'nii  Nitro-mwiat'iciim,  Ox'idum 
Stib'ii  Ac"ido  Mtiriat'ico  oxygena'to  para  turn, 
Ifercu'rius  VitcB,  Blercw'rius  Mortis,  Floioers  of 
Antimony,  (F.)  Oxyde  d'Antimoine,  so  called  from 
Victor  Algarothi,  a  Veronese  physician  ;  sepa- 
rated from  the  terchloride  of  antimony  by  pouring 
the  terchloride  into  a  large  quantity  of  water. 
AVhen  this,  an  oxychloride,  is  washed  with  abun- 
dance of  water  to  separate  the  muriatic  acid,  and 
afterwards  by  a  solution  of  alkali  to  remove  the 
terchloride,  the  teroxide  of  antimony,  Antimo- 
nii  Oxidum  of  the  Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  is 
left.  It  was  formerly  much  used  as  an  emetic, 
purgative,  and  diaphoretic. 

ALGE'DO,  from  aXyo?,  'pain.'  Violent  pain 
about  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  occasionally  oc- 
curring in  gonorrhoea. — Cockburn. 

Algedon,  Pain. 

ALGEMA,  Pain. 

ALGBSIS,  Pain. 

ALGETICUS,  SeeAlgos. 

AL'GIDUS,  from  algor,  '  toU.'  (F.)  Algide. 
That  which  is  accompanied  by  coldness. 

Al'gida  Febhis,  Febris  horrif'ica  seu  Jior'- 
rida  seu  quer'qxiera  seu  crymo'des,  Bry'cetus, 
Bry'chetus.  (F.)  Fievre  algide.  Algid  Fever.  A 
pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  by  icy  cold- 
ness, which  is  often  fatal  in  the  second  or  third 
paroxysm. 

ALGOR,  Rigor. 

ALGOS,  aXyos,  'pain.'  See  Pain.  Hence, 
Alget'icus,  'painful,'  as  Epilep'sia  alget'ica.  The 
suffix  algia  has  the  same  signification  —  as  in 
Cephalalgia,  Pleuralgia,  Neuralgia,  <fcc. 

ALGOSPAS'MUS,  from  alyo?,  'pain,'  and 
cnaafiog,  '  spasm.'  Painful  spasm  or  cramp  of  the 
muscles. 

ALOUE  G0iM3IUNE,  Pilamarina— a.  iTarine, 
Pila  marina — a.  des  Verriers,  Pila  marina. 

ALHAGI,  Agul. 

ALHANDAL,  see  Cucumis  colocynthis. 

ALHASEF,  Sudamina. 

ALHAUNE,  Lawsonia  Inermis. 

ALIBILIS,  Nutritious. 

AL'ICA,  Hal'ica,  Farina'rium,  CJiondrus,  from 
alere,  'to  nourish.'  A  grain  from  which  the  an- 
cients made  their  tisanes;  supposed,  by  some,  to 
have  been  the  Triticum  spelta.  At  times,  it 
seems  to  have  meant  the  tisane  itself. 

AL'ICES,  from  a\iC,m,  'I  sprinkle.'  Spots 
which  precede  the  eruption  of  small  pox. 

ALIENATIO,  Anomalia — a.  Mentis,  Insanity. 

ALIENATION,  MENTAL,  Insanity. 

ALIENATES,  Insane. 

ALIENS,  Insane. 

ALIENISTE,  Psychiater. 

ALIENUS,  Delirious. 

ALIFORMES  MUSCULL  Pterygoid  muscles. 

ALIFORMIS,  Alaris,  Pterygoid. 

ALIGULUS,  Confection. 

ALIMA,  Aliment. 

ALIMELL^,  Parotid. 

AL'IMENT,  Alimen'tum,  Al'ima,  Harma'lia, 
Nntri'men,  Nu'triens,  Susfentac'nlum,  Ciba'rium, 
Broma,  Comis'te,  Oibus,  Esca,  Nutri'tus,  Nutri- 
wen'tum,  Sitos,  Trnphe.  (Prov.)  Belly-timber. 
(F.)  Aliment,  Noitrriture,  from  alere,  'to  nourish.' 
Food.  Any  substance  which,  if  introduced  into 
the  system,  is  capable  of  nourishing  it  and  repair- 
ing its  losses. 

The  study  of  aliments  forms  one  of  the  most 
important  branches  of  hygiene.  They  are  con- 
fined to  the  organized  kingdom, —  the  mineral 
affording  none. 

As   regards   the   immediate  principles  which 


ALIMENTAL 


46 


ALLENTHESIS 


predominate   in   their   composition,    they   have 
been  classed,  but  imperfectly,  as  follows : — 


1.  FecuZaceous. 


2.  Mucilaginous. 

3.  Saccharine. 


5.  Oleaginous 
Fatty. 


{       di; 
(      be 


TABLE  OF  ALIMENTS. 

Wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  rice,  In- 
iaa    corn,  potato,   sago,   peas, 
beans,  &c. 
Carrot,  salsify,  beet,  turnip,  aspara- 
gus, cabbage,  lettuce,  artichoke, 
melon,  &c. 
Sugar,  fig,  date,  raisin,  apricot,  &c. 

!  Orange,  currant,  gooseberry,  cher- 
ry, peach,  strawberry,  raspberry, 
mulberry,   prune,  pear,   apple, 
sorrel,  &c. 
,C  Cocoa,  olive,  sweet   almond,  nut, 
""*<      walnut,  animal  fat,  oil,  butter, 
(      &a. 

6.  Casious.  Different  kinds  of  milk,  cheese. 

C  Tendon,   aponeurosis,   true   skin, 

7.  Gelatinous.  <      cellular    texture;   very    young 

(      animals. 

8.  Albuminous.  Brain,  nerve,  eggs,  &c. 

9.  Fibrinous.  Plesh  and  blood. 

Dr.  Prouthas  four  great  classes — the  aqueous, 
saccharine,  oleaginous,  and  albuminous: — Dr. 
Pereira,  twelve  —  the  aqueous,  mucilaginous  or 
gummy,  saccharine,  amylaceous,  ligneous,  pecti- 
naceous,  acidulous,  alcoholic,  oily  or  fatty,  pro- 
teinaceous,  gelatinous,  and  saline. 

Liebig  divides   them  into  two  classes:  —  the 

NITROGENIZED  Or  PLASTIC  ELEMENTS  OP  NUTRI- 
TION, in  which  he  comprises  vegetable  fibrin, 
vegetable  albumen,  vegetable  casein,  fiesh  and 
blood;  and  the  non-nitrogenized  elements  of 
RESPIRATION,  in  which  he  comprises /a(,  starch, 
gum,  cane  sugar,  grape  sugar,  sugar  of  milk,  pec- 
tin, bassorin,  wine,  beer  and  spiVj'is.  The  former 
alone,  in  his  view,  are  inservient  to  the  nutrition 
of  organized  tissue  :  the  latter  are  burnt  in  respi- 
ration, and  furnish  heat. 

The  following  simple  arrangement  is,  perhaps, 
as  little  objectionable  as  any  : — 

1.  NUrogenized  Aliments,         S  I'lbum'inoi?.^"'"''"'' '^ 

{Albmnxnous,Qi  Prout.)^  Caseinous. 
t  Amylaceous. 

2.  NoiMiitrogenized  Aliments,  <  Saccharine. 

(  Oleaginous. 

The  second  division  might  be  still  farther  sim- 
plified, inasmuch  as  amylaceous  aliments  are 
convertible  into  sugar  during  the  digestive  pro- 
cess; and,  from  both,  oleaginous  matter  may  be 
formed. 

ALIMENTAL,  Nutrimental. 

ALIMENTARY,  Nutrimental— a.  Tube,  Canal, 
alimentary. 

ALIMENTATION,  Alimenta'tio.  The  act  of 
nourishing. 

ALLMENTEUX,  Nutrimental. 

ALIMENTUM,  Aliment,  Pabulum. 

ALIMOS,  Glycyrrhiza. 

ALINDE'SIS,  from  a\ivSonai,  'to  be  turned 
about.'  A  species  of  exercise,  which  consisted 
in  rolling  in  the  dust,  after  having  been  anointed 
with  oil. — Hippocrates. 

ALIPjE'NOS,  Alipm' num,  Alipan'tos,  from  a, 
priv.,  and  \iiTavciv,  '  to  be  fat.'  An  epithet  for- 
merly given  to  every  external  remedy,  devoid  of 
fat  or  moisture ;  such  as  powders. — Galen. 

ALIPANTOS,  Alipffinos. 

ALIP'TA,  AUp'tes,  from  a\ei^o>,  '1  anoint.' 
He  who  anointed  the  Athletas  after  bathing. 
The  place  where  this  was  done  was  called  A^jp- 
te'rium. 

ALIPTERIUM,  see  Alipta. 

ALIP'TICA,  same  etymon.  The  part  of  an- 
cient medicine,  which  treated  of  inunction  as  a 
means  of  preserving  health. 

ALISIER  BLANC,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALISMA,  A.  plantago.  Arnica  montana  —  a. 


Lanceolata,  A. 


Graminifolia,    A.   plantago  ■ 
plantago. 

Alis'ma  Planta'go,  Alisma,  A.  lanceola'ta  seu 
graminifo'lia,  Planta'go  aquat'ica.  Water  Plan- 
tain, (F.)  Plantain  d'Eau.  Ord.  Alismacese. 
Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Polygynia.  The  fresh  root 
is  acrid,  and  the  dried  leaves  will  vesicate.  The 
leaves  have  been  proposed  as  substitutes  for  Uva 
Ursi. 

ALITURA,  Nutrition. 

AL'KALE,  O'leum  Galli'na.  An  ancient  phar- 
maceutical name  for  pullets'  fat. 

ALKALESCENCE,  Alcalescence. 

ALKALI,  see  Alcali  —  a.  Ammoniacum  caus- 
ticum.  Ammonia — a.  Ammoniacum  spirituosum, 
Spiritus  ammonias — a.  Minerale  nitratum,  Soda, 
nitrate  of  • — •  a.  Minerale  phosphoratum,  Soda, 
phosphate  of — a.  Minerale  salinum.  Soda,  mu- 
riate of — a.  Vegetable,  Potash — -a.  Vegetabile  cum 
aceto,  PotassEB  aeetas — a.  Vegetabile  fixum  caus- 
ticum,  Potassa  fusa  —  a.  Volatile,  Ammonia  —  a. 
Volatile  causticum,  Ammonia — a.  Volatile,  con- 
crete, Ammonise  carbonas — a.  Volatile,  mild,  Am- 
monise  carbonas — a.  Volatile  nitratum,  Ammonias 
nitras — a.  Volatile  tartarizatum,  Ammonise  tartras 
— a.  Volatile  vitriolatum,  Ammonia  sulphas. 

ALKANET,  BASTARD,  Lithospermum  oflBci- 
nale  —  a.  Dyer's,  Anchusa  tinctoria — a.  Garden, 
Anchusa  ofiicinalis  —  a.  OfBcinal,  Anchusa  offici- 
nalis. 

ALKAR,  Medicament. 

ALKEKENGI,  Physalis. 

ALKER'MES,  Gonfec'tio  Alher'mes,  Alcher'- 
j!ies.  A  celebrated  electuary,  composed  of  a  mul- 
titude of  substances.  It  was  so  called  from  the 
grains  of  kermes  contained  in  it.  It  was  used 
as  a  stimulant.     Also,  kermes. 

ALKERVA,  see  Ricinus  communis. 

ALKITRAN,  Cedria. 

ALKOL.  Alcohol. 

ALKOOL,  Alcohol. 

ALKYMISTRE,  Alchymist. 

ALLA,  Cerevisia. 

ALLAITEMENT,  Lactation. 

ALLAMAN'DA,  A.  Cathar'tica  seu  grandi- 
flo'ra,  Ore'lia  grandiflo'ra,  Gal'arips,  Echi'nua 
scandens,  Apoc"ynum  scandens.  A  shrub,  native 
of  Guiana,  the  infusion  of  whose  leaves  is  said  by 
LinnfBus  to  be  useful  in  Colica  Pictonum. 

ALLANTODES,  Allantois. 

ALLAN'TOIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  allanto'icum, 
A  peculiar  acid,  found  in  the  liquor  of  the  allan- 
tois of  the  cow. 

ALLANTOIDES,  Allantois. 

ALLAN'TOiS,  AllantoVdes,  AUanto'des,  Uem- 
bra'na  urina'ria,  M.  seu  Tunica  Farcimina'lis, 
]lf.  Intestina'lis,  the  Allantoid  Vesicle,  from  aWag, 
aWavTo;,  '  n  sausage,' and  a5or,  'shape.'  A  sort  of 
elongated  bladder,between  the  chorion  and  amnion 
of  the  foetus,  which  is  thrown  out  from  the  caudal 
extremity  of  the  embryo,  and  communicates  with 
the  bladder  by  the  urachus.  It  is  very  apparent 
in  quadrupeds,  but  not  in  the  human  species.  As 
the  allantois  is  developed,  its  walls  become  very 
vascular,  and  contain  the  ramifications  of  what 
become  the  umbilical  artery  and  vein,  which,  by 
the  elongation  of  the  allantois,  are  brought 
through  the  villi  of  the  chorion,  into  indirect 
communication  with  the  vessels  of  the  mother. 

ALL ANTOTOX'IC UM,  from  aXXas,  aWavros, '  a 
sausage,'  and  to^lkov,  '  a  poison.'  Sausage  poison 
(G.)  Wurstgift.  The  Germans  have  given  this 
name  to  a  poison  developed  in  sausages  formed 
of  blood  and  liver. 

ALLECTUARY,  Electuarium. 

ALLELUIA,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

ALLEN'THESIS,  from  aWog,  'another,' and 
svdccis,  'introduction.'      The    entrance   into,  or 


ALLEVIATOR 


47 


ALLUS    POLLEX 


presence  of  extraneous  bodies  in,  the  organism. — 
Walther. 

ALLE'VIATOR,  from  ad,'io,'  and  levare,  'to 
raise;'  'a  soother.'  An  instrument  for  raising  in- 
valids, invented  by  Mr.  Jenks,  of  Rhode  Island. 
It  consists  of  two  upright  posts,  about  six  feet 
high,  each  supported  by  a  pedestal  ,•  of  two  hori- 
zontal bars  at  the  top,  rather  longer  than  a  com- 
mon bedstead  ;  of  a  windlass  of  the  same  length, 
placed  six  inches  below  the  upper  bar;  of  a  cog- 
wheel and  handle;  of  linen  belts  from  sis  to 
twelve  inches  wide;  of  straps  secured  at  one  end 
of  the  windlass;  and  at  the  other  having  hooks 
attached  to  corresponding  eyes  in  the  linen  belts, 
and  of  a  head-piece  made  of  netting.  The  pa- 
tient lying  on  his  mattress,  the  surgeon  passes 
the  linen  belts  beneath  his  body,  attaching  them 
to  the  hooks  on  the  ends  of  the  straps,  and  ad- 
justing the  whole  at  the  proper  distance  and 
length,  so  as  to  balance  the  body  exactly,  and 
then  raises  it  from  the  mattress  by  turning  the 
handle  of  the  windlass.  To  lower  the  patient 
again,  and  replace  him  on  the  mattress,  the  wind- 
lass must  be  reversed. 

ALLGOOD,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus. 

ALLHEAL,  Heracleum  spondylium. 

ALLIA'CEOUS,  Allia'ceus,  (F.)  Alliace,  from 
allium,  'garlic'  Belonging  to  garlic,  as  alliace- 
ous odour. 

ALLIAIRE,  Alliaria. 

ALLIA'RIA,  from  allium,  its  smell  resembling 
garlic.  A.  officina'lie,  Erys'imum  allia'ria  sen 
oordifo'lium,  Sisym'briunt  allia'ria,  Jack-in-the 
hedge,  Stinking  hedge  Mustard,  Hedge  Garlic, 
Sauce-alone,  Hes'peris  allia'ria,  (F.)  Alliaire. 
Ord.  Cruciferae.  This  plant  has  been  sometimes 
given  in  humid  asthma  and  dyspnoea.  It  is 
reputed  to  be  diaphoretic,  diuretic,  and  antiscor- 
butic. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  a  compound  syrup  of 
alliaria,  Sirop  d'erysimum  compose,  which  is  used 
in  hoarseness. 

ALLIGATURA,  Fascia,  Ligature. 

ALLIOTICUS,  Alterative. 

AL'LIUM,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  from  oleo,  '1  smell.' 
A.  sati'vum,  Theriaca  rustico' rum,  Ampelop'ra- 
sum,  Scor'odon,  Scordon,  Garlic,  (F.)  Ail.  Ord. 
LiliaccEe.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  A 
native  of  Sicily,  but  cultivated  for  use.  The 
bulbs  or  cloves,  Ag'lithes,  have  a  strong,  offensive, 
and  penetrating  odour,  and  a  sweetish,  biting, 
and  caustic  taste.  Internally,  garlic  is  stimulant, 
diuretic,  expectorant,  emmenagogue  (?),  diapho- 
retic, and  anthelmintic.  Externally,  it  is  rube- 
facient, maturative,  and  repellent;  and  ?i  garlic 
ointment  is  made  by  digesting,  at  a  moderate 
heat,  for  half  an  hour,  two  or  three  cloves  of 
fresh  garlic  in  an  ounce  of  lard,  and  straining. 
It  is  applied  as  a  rubefacient  to  the  chest  in 
croup. 

Dose,  one  to  six  cloves,  swallowed  whole,  or 
from  f  Jss  to  f  ^ij  of  the  juice. 

Taylor's  Remedy  for  Deafness,  a  nostrum,  ap- 
pears to  consist  of  garlic,  infused  in  oil  of  al- 
monds, and  coloured  by  alkanet  root. 

Allium  Ascalon'icum,  Echalotte. 

Allium  Canaden'se,  Meadow  garlic;  indige- 
nous; has  the  same  properties  as  allium. 

Allium  Cepa,  Cepa  Vulga'ris,  Common  Onion, 
Ocpul'la,  Crom'myon,  (F.)  Oignon.  Acrid  and 
stimulating,  and  possessing  very  little  nutriment. 
Onions  have  been  used  as  stimulants,  diuretics, 
and  anthelmintics.  The  boiled  or  roasted  onion, 
as  a  cataplasm,  is  emollient  and  maturating. 
The  fresh  root  is  rubefacient.  The  expressed 
juice  is  sometimes  used  in  otalgia  and  in  rheu- 
matism. 

Allium  Gallicum,  Portulaca  —  a.  Plantagi- 
neum,  A.  Victoriale. 


Allium  Pohrum,  Porrum,  P.  sati'vum,  Pra- 
sum,  the  Leek  or  P arret  ;  (F.)  Poireau,  Porreau. 
It  possesses  the  same  property  as  the  onion. 

The  virtues  of  the  genus  Allium  depend  upon 
an  acrid  principle,  soluble  in  water,  alcohol,  acids, 
and  alkalies. 

Allium  Redolens,  Teucrium  scordium 

Alliuji  Victoria'le,  a.  jjlantagin'enm,  Cepa 
victoria'lis,  Victoria'lis  longa.  The  root,  which, 
when  dried,  loses  its  alliaceous  smell  and  taste, 
is  said  to  be  efficacious  in  allaying  the  abdominal 
spasms  of  pregnant  women  (?) 

ALLOCHET'IA,  Allotriochet'ia,  from  aXXof, 
'another,'  and  xe^eii',  'to  go  to  stool.'  The  dis- 
charge of  extraneous  matters  from  the  bowels. 
The  discharge  of  feeces  by  an  abnormous  opening, 

ALLOCHOOS,  Delirious. 

ALLOCHROMA'SIA,  from  aWo;,  'another,' 
and  xP'''t"^i  '  colour.'     A  change  of  colour. 

ALLCEOPATHIA,  Allopathy. 

ALLCEOPATHIC,  Allopathic. 

ALLCEOSIS,  Alteration. 

ALLCEOTICUS,  Alterative. 

ALLOIOSIS,  Alteration. 

ALLOIOTICUS,  Alterative. 

ALLONGEMENT,  Elongation. 

ALLOPATH,  Allopathist. 

ALLOPATHES,  Allopathic. 

ALLOPATH'IC,  Allopath' icus,  AUceopath'ic, 
Alla;op>ath'icue,  Allop' athes,  Heteropath'ic,  from 
aXXof,  'another,'  and  vaOos,  'affection.'  Relating 
to  the  ordinary  method  of  medical  practice,  in 
contradistinction  to  the  homoeopathic.  See  Allo- 
pathy. 

ALLOPATHIE,  Allopathy. 

ALLOP'ATHIST,  AVlopath,  same  etymon. 
One  who  follows  allopathy. 

ALLOP'ATHY,  Allopathi'a,  Allceopathi'a,  Hy~ 
penantio'sis,  Hypenantio' ma,  Cura'tio  contrario'- 
rum2yer  contra' ria,{¥.)  Allopathie  ;  same  etymon. 
The  opposite  to  homoeopathy;  or,  according  to 
Hahnemann,  a  method  of  treatment  in  which 
remedial  agents  are  employed,  the  action  of 
which,  on  healthy  man,  produces  morbid  phe- 
nomena different  from  those  that  are  observed 
in  the  sick  person.  The  ordinary  medical  prac- 
tice is  so  designated  by  the  homoeopathist. 

ALLOPHASIS,  Delirium. 

ALLOTRIOCHETIA,  Allochetia. 

ALLOTRIODON'TIA,  from  aWorpio?,  'fo- 
reign,' and  o(5ouj,  '  a  tooth.'  Transplantation  of 
teeth. 

ALLOTRIOEC'CRISIS,  from  aWoTpiog,  'fo- 
reign,' and  cKKpiai;,'  'separation.'  The  separa- 
tion of  extraneous  matters  from  the  body  in  dis- 

'  ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA,  Parageustia. 

ALLOTRIOPHAGIA,  Malacia. 

ALLOTRIOTEX'IS,  from  aUorpwi,  'foreign,' 
and  Ts^if,  'parturition.'  The  bringing  forth  of 
an  abnormous  foetus. 

ALLOTRIU'RIA,  from  aWorpioq,  'foreign,' 
and  ovpov,  'urine.'  Admixture  of  foreign  mat- 
ters with  the  urine. 

AL'LOTROPISM;  (F.)  Allotroj^ie,  from  aXXo%, 
'another,'  and  rpo-Ko;,  '  a  turn  or  change.  A  term 
recently  introduced  into  chemistry,  the  object  of 
which  is  to  express  the  property,  possessed  by 
certain  simple  bodies,  of  assuming  different  quali- 
ties on  being  subjected  to  certain  modes  of  treat- 
ment. Carbon,  for  example,  furnishes  three 
forms  —  plumbago,  charcoal,  and  diamond. 

ALL-OVERISH,  see  Indisposition. 

ALLSPICE,  see  Myrtus  pimenta  —  a.  Bush, 
Laurus  Benzoin — a.  Carolina,  Calycanthus  —  a. 
Wild,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

ALLUCINATIO,  Hallucination. 

ALLURE,  Influenza. 

ALLUS  POLLEX,  Pollex,  see  Digitus. 


ALMA 


48 


ALTERATIVE 


ALMA,  Water. 

ALMARIAB,  seePlumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

ALMEZERION,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

AL.MOXD,  Amygdala. 

Almosd  Bloom.  A  liquid  cosmetic,  formed 
of  Brazil  dust  ^j,  water  Oiij  ;  boil  and  strain  ; 
and  add  isinglass  3^J>  grana  sylvestria  ^ij,  or 
cochineal  ^\j,  alum  ^j,  borox  gi'j  >  '^oil  again, 
and  strain  through  a  fine  cloth. 

Almoxd  Cake,  see  Amygdala — a.  of  the  Ear, 
Tonsil  —  a.  Earth,  Araohis  hypogsea  —  a.  Paste, 
see  Amygdala — a.  Powder,  see  Amygdala — a.  of 
the  Throat,  TonsiL 

ALNUS,  A.  glutinosa — a.  Communis,  A.  gluti- 
nosa. 

ALj^US  GLUTIN'O'SA,  Alnvs,  A  commu'nis, 
£et'ula  glutino'sa  seu  emargina'ta,  Euroi^e' an  Al- 
der, (Sc.)  Am,  Eller,  Ord.  Betulacese.  A  tree 
which  grows  in  Europe,  in  moist  places.  The 
bark  and  leaves  are  astringent  and  bitter;  and 
hence  are  employed  in  intermittents,  and  as  a 
tonic  and  astringent. 

Alxus  Serkat'ula,  American  Alder,  hs.ssiva.i- 
lar  properties. 

Alxus  iSTiGRA,  Pihamnus  frangula. 

ALOCHI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  Ao;^£ia,  'lo- 
chia.'    Absence  of  the  lochial  discharge. 

ALOEDA'RIUM.  A  compound  medicine,  con- 
taining aloes. — Gorraeus. 

ALOE,  Aloes — a.  False,  Agave  Virginica. 
■    ALOE  ROOT,  Aletris  farinosa. 

AL'OES,  Al'oe,  Fel  Natu'ra.  The  in.spissated 
juice  of  the  Aloe.  Ord.  Asphodeleae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Hexandria  Monogynia. 

Alojjs  Barbadensis,  a.  hepatica — a.  Bombay, 
A.  hepatica — a.  des  Barhades,  A.  hepatica. 

Aloes  Caballi'na,  A.  Gninien'sis,  Horse-aloes. 
Used  chiefly  for  horses.  It  is  collected  in  Spain 
and  Portugal,  and  is  very  coarse. 

ALOES  EN  CALEBASSES,  A.  hepatica. 

Aloes,  Cape,  Shining  Aloes;  a  cheap  and  ex- 
cellent form  of  aloes,  collected  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  from  Aloe  ferox,  A.  Africana,  A. 
spieata,  and  other  species. 

Aloes,  East  India,  A.  Succotorina — a.  Guini- 
ensis,  A.  Caballina. 

Aloes  Hepat'ica,  A.  vnJga'ris,  A.  Barhaden' - 
sis,  Hejpat'ic  aloes,  Bombay  aloes,  Barba'does 
aloes,  A.  vulga'ris  extrac'tum,  (F.)  Aloes  en  cale- 
hasses,  A.  des  JSarbades.  This  species  has  a  very 
disagreeable  odour,  and  an  intensely  bitter  and 
nauseous  taste.     Properties  the  same  as  the  last. 

Aloes,  Horse,  A.  Caballina — a.  Lucida,  A. 
Succotorina  —  a.  Soeotrine,  A.  Succotorina  —  a. 
Spieata  extractum,  A.  Succotorina. 

Aloes  Succotori'xa,  Soc'otrine  aloes,  Turkey 
aloes.  East  India  aloes.  Aloes  In'cida,  A.  Zoetori'- 
nia,  A.  spica'tcB  extrac'tum,  An'ima  Aloes,  is  the 
best  species.  Its  odour  is  not  unpleasant ;  taste 
very  bitter,  and  slightly  aromatic ;  colour  red- 
dish-brown, with  a  shade  of  purple;  mass  hard, 
friable  :  fracture  conehoidal  and  glossy ;  soluble 
in  dilute  alcohol.  Powder  of  a  bright  cinnamon- 
yellow  colour.  It  is  cathartic,  warm,  and  stimu- 
lating; emmenagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  stoma- 
chic. As  a  cathartic,  it  affects  the  rectum  chiefly. 
Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  gr.  v  to  Qj  in  pill. 

Aloes,  Turkey,  A.  Succotorina — a.  Vulgaris, 
A.  hepatica  —  a.  Wood,  Agallochum  —  a.  Zocto- 
rinia.  A.  Succotorina. 

ALOET'IC,  Aloet'icus.  A  preparation  which 
cont.iins  aloes. 

ALOEXYLOX,  Agallochum. 
_  ALOGOTROPH'IA,  from  aXoyo?,  'dispropor- 
tionate,' and  Tooipr],  'nutrition.'  Irregular  nutri- 
tion. Used  particularly  to  designate  the  irregu- 
lar manner  in  which  the  nutrition  of  bones' is 
effected  in  rickety  individuals. 


ALOPECES,  PsoEc. 

ALOPECIA,  from  aXa)7rr/|,  'a  fox;'  (this  ani- 
mal being  said  to  be  subject  to  the  affection.) 
Capillo'riim  deflu'vium,  Athrix  depi'lis,  Phalac- 
ro'tis,  Depila'tio,  Tricho'sis  Athrix,  Gangrm'na 
Alope'cia,  Atrich'ia,  Deflu'vium  seu  Lapsus  seu 
Flvxns  Pilo'rum,  Lipsotrieh'ia,  Yidpis  morbus, 
Pela'da,  Baldness,  (F.)  Pelade.  Falling  off  of 
the  hair ;  loss  of  the  hair.  When  this  is  confined 
to  the  crown  of  the  head,  it  is  called  calvities,  al- 
though the  terms  are  often  used  synonymously. 
When  congenital,  it  is  called  Atrich'ia  seu  Alope'- 
cia adnn'ta.  The  falling  off  of  the  hair  in  old 
age  is  termed  Alop)e'cia  seni'lis. 

Alopecia  Adnata,  see  Alopecia — a.  Areata, 
Porrigo  decalvans  —  a.  Circumscripta,  Porrigo 
decalvans  —  a.  Partialis,  Porrigo  decalvans  —  a. 
Senilis,  see  Alopecia. 

ALOUCHE,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALOUCH'I.  The  name  of  a  gum  procured 
from  the  canella  alba  tree. 

ALOUCHIER,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALPAM.  A  shrub  which  grows  on  the  coast 
of  Malabar.  Certain  parts  of  this,  infused  in  oil, " 
form  an  antipsoric  ointment.  The  juice  of  the 
leaves,  mixed  with  that  of  calamus,  is  employed 
against  the  bites  of  serpents. 

ALPHENIC,  Saceharum  candidum. 

ALPHITEDOX,  see  Fracture. 

ALPH'ITOX,  aXfiTov,  Polen'tjx,  Fari'na.  Any 
kind  of  meal.  Toasted  barley-meal. — Hippocra- 
tes. Polenta  means,  also,  a  food  composed  of  In- 
dian meal,  cheese,  <fec.     See  Farina. 

ALPHOX'SIN,  Alphon'sinum.  A  kind  of  bul- 
let forceps,  similar  to  a  Porte-crayon,  so-called 
from  the  inventor,  Alphonso  Ferri,  of  Naples. — 
Scultetus. 

ALPHOS,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALPHOSIS  ^THIOPICA,  see  Albino. 

ALPIXIA  CARDAMOM UM,  Amomum  car- 
damomum  —  a.  Exaltata,  Eenealmia  exaltata  — 
a.  Tubulata,  Renealmia  exaltata  —  a.  Galanga, 
Maranta  galanga. 

ALPISTE,  Phalaris  Canadiensis. 

ALSAXDERS,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

ALSrXE  liWDlA,  A.  avicxda' rum  seu  vulga'- 
ris, from  a\aoi,  '  a  grove,'  because  growing  abun- 
dantly in  the  woods.  [  ?  ]  Morsus  Galli'nce,  Holos'- 
teum  Alsi'ne,  Stella'ria  me'dia,  3Iouse-ear,  Chick- 
iceed,  Chickenicort,  (F.)  Mouron  des  Oiseaux,  Mor- 
geline.  Ord.  Caryophyllacese.  This  plant,  if  boiled 
tender,  may  be  eaten  like  spinach,  and  forms  an 
excellent  emollient  poultice.  It  was  formerly 
regarded  as  a  vulnerary  and  detergent. 

ALTAFOR,  Camphor. 

ALTER  SEXUS,  Sex,  female. 

ALTERAXS,  Alterative. 

ALTERANT,  Alterative :  see,  also,  Alteration. 

ALTERA'TIOX,  Altera' tio,  from  alter,  'other,' 
Alloio'sis,  Allceo'sis.  This  word  is  used  in  France 
to  express  any  change  which  supervenes;  for  ex- 
I  ample,  in  the  expression  of  the  countenance  [al- 
i  teration  de  la  face,)  or  in  the  structure  of  an 
I  organ  [alteration  organique.)  or  in  the  nature  of 
J  fluids  excreted  [alteration  de  I'urine,  des  larmes, 
[  du  I  a  it,  (frc.) 

j      Alteration  is  also  used  in  an  entirely  different 

1  sense,  to  express  intense  thirst  in  disease.      In 

i  this  case    its  etymology  is  different.      It  comes 

from  haleter,  and  was  formerly  written  haleter- 

ation. 

AL'TERATIVE.  Al'terans,  Alloiot'icus,  Allce- 
ot'icus,  Alliot'icus,  Immu'tans.  An  agent  con- 
sidered to  be  capable  of  producing  a  salutary 
change  in  a  disease,  but  without  exciting  any 
sensible  evacuation.  As  medicine  improves,  this 
uncertain  class  of  remedies  becomes,  of  necessity, 
diminished  in  number.     See  Eutrophie. 

(F.)  Alterant.      The    French     term    likewise 


ALTERCANGENOX 


49 


ALVEUS 


means,  that  which  causes  thirst,  —  Siticulo'aus, 
Di'pset'icus,  as  alterer  means  both  to  change,  and 
to  cause  thirst.  S'alterer  is  to  experience  a 
change  for  the  worse, — {eorrum'pi.) 

ALTERCAXGEXOX,  Hyoscyamus. 

ALTERCUM,  Hyoscyamus. 

ALTERED,  see  Castratus. 

ALTHJjl'A,  from  a\6uv,  'to  heal:'  A.  officina'- 
lis,  Mai  v  avis' cum,  Aristalthce'a,  Hihis'cus,  Hi- 
his'eum,  Ibia'chus,  Ibis'cha  mismal'va,  Bismal'va, 
Marsh  mallow.  (Prov.)  Malice.  (F.)  Giti- 
maiive.  Ord.  Malvaceffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Monadelphia 
Polyandria.  The  leaves,  AUJkb'cb  fo'lia,  and 
root,  Althce'cB  radix,  contain  much  mucilage. 
They  are  emollient  and  demulcent,  and  are  em- 
ployed wherever  medicines,  possessing  such  pro- 
perties, are  required.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S.,  Althaea 
is  the  root  of  Altheea  officinalis. 

ALTHANAIHA,  Orpiment. 

ALTHEUS,  Physician. 

ALTHAXIS,  Curation. 

ALTHOS,  Medicament. 

ALTILIBAT,  Terebinthina. 

ALU'DEL,  Alu'tel,  Yitruni  suhlimato'rium.  A 
hollow  sphere  of  stone,  glass,  or  earthen  ware, 
with  a  short  neck  projecting  at  each  end,  hy 
means  of  which  one  glass  might  be  set  upon  the 
other.  The  uppermost  had  no  aperture  at  the 
top.  Aludels  were  formerly  used  in  the  sublima- 
tion of  various  substances. 

A'LULA,  diminutive  of  ala,  '  &  wing.'  A  little 
wing. 

ALUM,  Symphytum — a.  Cataplasm,  Coagulum 
aluminosum — a.  Egyptian,  ^gyptia  stypteria. 

Alum,  Roche,  Alu'raen  de  Rochi,  (F.)  Alun  de 
Roche.  So  called  from  Pi,occha  in  Syria,  where 
there  was  a  manufactory  of  it.  It  is  in  pieces  of 
the  size  of  an  almond,  covered  with  a  reddish 
efflorescence. 

Common  Roche  Alum,  A.  Rochi  Gallis.  Frag- 
ments of  common  alum  moistened  and  shaken 
with  prepared  bole.     It  is  white  when  broken. 

Aluh  Root,  Geranium  maculatum,  Heuchera 
cortusa. 

ALUir,  Solution  of,  Cojipound,  Liquor  alumi- 
nis  compositus. 

Alum  Springs  of  Virginia,  see  Virginia,  mine- 
ral waters  of. 

ALU'MEX,  (an  Arabic  term,  alum,)  Alum, 
Hypersul'phas  alu'mincB  et  Potas'scB,  Potas'sa 
alu'mino-sulphas,  Sul'phaa  Alumium  Aeid'idns 
cum,  Potas'sd,  Sulphas  Alu'mincB,  Sul'jihas  KaV- 
ico-alumin'ieum.  Sulphas  alumina' ris,  Siipei-sul'- 
phas  alu'mincB  et  potas'scE,  Argil'la  sulphu'rica 
a.lcalisa'ta,  A.  vitriola'ta,  Stypte'ria,  Sulpersul'- 
phas  Arcjil'lcB  alcalisa'tum,  Argilla  Kalisulphu- 
riea.     (F.)  Alun. 

Alumen  Catinum,  Potash  of  commerce — a. 
Fixura,  see  Potash  —  a.  Kinosatum,  Pulvis  sul- 
phatis  aluminse  compositus. 

Alu'men  Cojimu'ne,  Common  alum,  English 
alum,  Rock  alum,  Alumen  fncti"tium,  A.  crystaV- 
linmn,  A.  ru'peum,  (F.)  Alun  d' Angleterre,  is  the 
Tariety  usually  employed.  It  is  in  octahedral 
crystals,  but  generally  in  large,  white,  semitrans- 
parent  masses,-  has  a  sweetish,  styptic  taste: 
effloresces  in  the  air,  and  is  soluble  in  16  parts  of 
water  at  60°.  It  is  tonic  and  astringent,  and  as 
such  is  used  internally  and  externally.  Dose.  gr. 
V  to  XV. 

Alu'men  Exsicca'tum,  Alu'men  iisfum  seu 
sicca' tumsevi  calcina'tum.  Sulphas  alu'mincEfusus, 
Argil'la  sulphu'rica  usta,  Burnt  alum,  dried  alum. 
(F.)  Alun  calcine,  {Alum  melted  in  an  earthen 
vessel  until  ebullition  ceases.)     Escharotic. 

ALU'jiE^f  Roma'num,  Roman  alum,  A.  Ru'ti- 
lum  seu  Ruhrum.  (F.)  Alun  de  Rome.  In  crys- 
tals, which  are  of  a  pale  red  when  broken,  and 
covered  with  a  reddish  efflorescence. 


Alumen  Siccatum,  Alumen  essiccatum. 

ALUMIXA,  ACETATE  OF,  Aluminee  Aceta? 
—  a.  Depurata,  Argilla  pura  —  a.  Pura,  Argilla 
pura — a.  Sulphate  of,  Aluminte  Sulphas. 

ALU'MIN^  ACE'TAS,^r^i77ffl  Ace'tas,  Ac"e- 
tafe  of  Alu'mina.  A  delinquescent  salt,  obtained 
by  the  addition  of  acetate  of  lead,  to  sulp)hate  of 
alumina  and  piotassa.  It  possesses  the  same  pro- 
perties as  the  sulphate  of  alumina. 

Alu'mincB  et  Potasses  Htpersulphas,  Alu- 
men—  a.  et  Potassce  supersulphas,  Alumen  —  a. 
Sulphas,  Alumen. 

Alu'mina  Sulphas,  ArgillcB  Sulphas,  Snlpthate 
of  Alu'raina.  Simple  sulphate  of  alumina  may 
be  made  by  the  direct  combination  of  alumina 
and  sidphuric  acid,  and  contains  30  per  cent,  of 
the  former,  to  70  per  cent,  of  the  latter.  It  is 
a  deliquescent  salt;  and  is  an  excellent  antisep- 
tic and  detergent  to  ulcers.  It  is  chiefly  used  to 
preserve  dead  bodies — a  strong  solution  being 
injected  into  the  arteries. 

Gannal's  Solution  for  preserving  animal  sub- 
stances is  made  by  dissolving  an  ounce  of  acetate 
of  alumina  in  twenty  ounces  of  icaler. 

Aluminj;  Sulphas  Acidulus  cum  Potassa, 
Alumen — a.  Sulphas  fusus,  Alumen  exsiccatum. 

AimilNE  FACTICE,  Argilla  pura. 

ALUMINII  OXIDUM,  ArgUla  pura. 

ALUN,  Alumen. 

ALUNSEL,  Gutta. 

ALUS,  Symphytum. 

ALUSIA,  Hallucination  —  a.  Hypochondriasis, 
Hypochondriasis. 

ALUTEl.,  Aludel. 

ALVAQUILLA,  Psoralea  glandulosa. 

ALVARAS  XIGRA,  Ichthyosis. 

ALVEARIUM,  Auditory  canal,  external. 

ALVE'OLAR,  Alceola'ris,  from  alveua,  'a.  ca- 
vity.' (F.)  Alveolaire.  That  which  relates  to 
the  alveoli. 

Alveolar  Abscess,  Parulis. 

Alve'olar  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  alveolaires, 
are  formed  by  the  margins  or  borders,  -lu/ja  alveo- 
la'ria,  of  the  two  jaws,  which  are  hollowed  by  the 
Alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Artery,  Supra-maxillary  A.,  Ar- 
terc  sus-maxillaire  of  Chaussier,  arises  from  the 
internal  maxillary,  descends  behind  the  tuberos- 
ity of  the  upper  jaw,  and  gives  branches  to  the 
upper  molar  teeth,  gums,  periosteum,  membrane 
of  the  maxillary  sinus,  and  buccinator  muscle. 

Alveolar  Border,  Limhus  alveola'ris.  The 
part  of  the  jaws  that  is  hollowed  by  the  alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Membranes  are  very  fine  mem- 
branes, situate  between  the  teeth  and  alveoli,  and 
formed  by  a  portion  of  the  sac  or  follicle  which 
enclosed  the  tooth  before  it  pierced  the  gum.  By 
some  this  membrane  has  been  called  the  alveolo- 
dentcd  periosteum. 

Alve'olar  Vein.  This  has  a  similar  distri- 
bution with  the  artery. 

AL  VEOLE,  Alveolus. 

ALVEOLI  DEXTIS,  see  Alveolus. 

ALVEOLO- DENTAL  PERIOSTEUM,  see 
Alveolar  membranes. 

ALVEOLO-LABIAL,  Buccinator. 

ALVE'OLUS,  same  etymon.  Bo'trion,  Bo'- 
thrion,  Odontoboth'rium,  Odontophat'ne,  Frena. 
{Alue'oli),  Mortariolum,  Eol'micos,  PrcBsepiohim, 
Phatne,  Phat'nion,  PrcBse'piium,  Patne,  Pathne. 
(F.)  Alveole.  The  alveoli  are  the  sockets  of  the 
teeth,  Alve'oli  dentis,  Mce'nia  seu  Caver'nae  den'- 
tium,  into  which  they  are,  as  it  were,  driven. 
Their  size  and  shape  are  determined  by  the  teeth 
which  they  receive,  and  they  are  pierced  at  the 
apex  by  small  holes,  which  give  passage  to  the 
dental  vessels  and  nerves. 

ALVEUS,  Auge  —  a.  Ampullosus,  Pieceptacu- 
lum  chjli  —  a.  Ampullescens,  Thoracic  duct  —  a. 


ALVI   EXCRETIO 


50 


AMBLYOPIA 


Communis  :  see  Semicircular  canals  —  a.  Utricu- 
losus  :  see  Semicircular  canals. 

ALVI  EXCRETIO,  Defecation  — a.  Fluxus 
aquosus,  Diarrhoea  —  a.  Laxitas,  Diarrhoea  —  a. 
Profluvium,  Diarrhoea. 

ALVIDUCUS,  Laxative. 

ALVINE,  Alvi'nus,  from  alvus,  'the  abdomen.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  lower  belly^  as  alvine 
dejections,  alvine  flux,  alvine  obstructions,  &c. 

ALVUM  EVACUANS,  Cathartic. 

ALVUS,  Abdomen,  Uterus — a.  Adstricta  seu 
Astricta,  Constipation  —  a.  Cita,  Diarrhoea  —  a. 
Dura,  Constipatio  —  a.  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the 
kidney — a.  Tarda,  Constipation — a.  Viridis,  De- 
jection. 

ALYCE,  Anxiety. 

ALYMPH'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  lympha, 
'lymph.'     Want  of  lymph. 

AL'YPON,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Xvirri,  'pain.'  An 
acrid,  purging  plant,  described  by  Matthiolus. 
By  some  it  has  been  supposed  to  be  the  Glohula'- 
ria  ali/pum  of  botanists. 

ALYSIS,  Anxiety. 

ALYSMUS,  Anxiety. 

ALYSSUM  PLINIL  Galium  mollugo. 

ALYSSUS,  Antihydrophobic. 

ALYX'IA  STELLA'TA,  A.  aromat'ica,  (F.) 
Alyxie  aromatique.  A  plant,  of  the  family 
Apocynaceas,  the  bark  of  which  resembles  canella 
alba,  and  is  used  in  Batavia  in  pernicious  fevers. 

AL'ZILAT.  In  some  of  the  Arabian  writers, 
a  weight  of  three  grains. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

AMABILE,  Lacuna  Labii  Superioris. 

A3IAD0U,  Boletus  igniarius. 

A3IAD0UV1ER,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AMAIGRIR,  Emaciate. 

AMAIGRISSE3IENT,  Emaciation. 

AMAND  (SAINT),  MINERAL  AYATERS 
OP,  Saint-Amand-les-Eaux.  These  springs,  in 
the  department  Nord,  France,  are  thermal  (77° 
Fahr.),  carbonated  chalybeates  ;  and  are  much 
used  internally,  or  in  the  form  of  boues,  in 
chronic  affections  of  the  digestive  organs  and 
liver,  and  in  rheumatism. 

AMANBES,  see  Amygdala. 

AMANI'T^,  from  a,  privative,  and  /lavia, 
'madness:'  i.e.  'not  poisonous.' (?)  A  name 
given,  by  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  to  the  edible 
champignons.  Amanita  forms,  at  the  present  day, 
a  genus,  some  of  which  are  edible,  others  poison- 
ous. Amongst  others,  it  contains  the  Agaricus 
aurantiacus  and  A.  pseudo-aurantiacim. 

AMARA  DULCIS,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

AMARACI'NUM.  An  ancient  and  esteemed 
plaster,  containing  several  aromatics,  the  marjo- 
ram, afiapaKOi,  in  particular. 

AMARACUS,  Origanum  majorana — a.  Tomen- 
tosus,  Origanum  dictamnus. 

AMARITIES,  Bitterness. 

AMARITUDO,  Bitterness. 

AMAROR,  Bitterness. 

AMARUCACHU,  Polyanthes  tuberosa. 

AMA'RUS,  Picros,  'bitter.'  (F.)  Amer.  The 
bitter  principle  of  vegetables  is  the  great  natural 
tonic,  and  hence  bitters,  as  they  are  termed  col- 
tectively,  belong  to  the  class  of  tonics.  Several 
are  used  in  medicine;  the  chief  are,  gentian, 
quassia,  cinchona,  calumba,  dog-wood,  &c. 

AMASE'SIS,  Amasse'sis,  from  a,  privative,  and 
liaariatg,  'mastication.'  Mastication  when  im- 
peded or  impracticable. 

AMATORIUM,  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 

AMATORII,  Oblique  muscles  of  the  eye. 

AMATORIUM  VENEFICIUM,  Philter. 

AMATORIUS  MUSCULUS,  Obliquus  supe- 
rior oculi. 

AMAURO'SIS,  Obfusca'tio,  Offusca'tio,  from 
nuai'po;,  'obscure,'  Drop  serene,  Outta  sere'na, 
datarac'ta  nigra,  Parop'sis  amauro'sis,  Immobil'- 


itas  pupil'lcE,  Siiffu'sio  nigra.  Black  cat'aract, 
Nervous  blindness,  (F.)  Goutte-sereine,  Cataracte 
noire,  Anopticonervie  (Piorry).  Diminution,  or 
complete  loss  of  sight,  without  any  perceptible 
alteration  in  the  organization  of  the  eye;  gene- 
rally, perhaps,  owing  to  loss  of  power  of  the 
optic  nerve  or  retina — Optic  ancesthe'sia.  Coun- 
ter-irritants are  the  most  successful  remedial 
agents,  although  the  disease  is  always  very  diffi- 
cult of  removal,  and  generally  totally  incurable. 

Amaurosis  Dijiidiata,  Hemiopia — a.  Diurnal, 
Nyctalopia — a.  Nocturnal,  Hemeralopia — a.  Im- 
perfecta, Hypo-amaurosis. 

AMAUROT'IC,  Amaurot'icus,  (F.)  Amaiiro- 
tique  ;  same  etymon.     Affected  with  amaurosis. 

Ajiaurotic  Cat's  Eye,  Galeamauro'sis.  A 
name  given  by  Beer  to  an  amaurotic  affection, 
accompanied  hj  a  remarkable  change  of  colour 
in  the  pupil,  which  presents,  apparently  in  the 
fundus  of  the  eye,  a  lighter  tint,  yellowish  or 
brownish  yellow,  instead  of  its  natural  clear 
black. 

AMA'ZIA,  from  a,  privative,  and/«(2^of,  'breast.' 
A  monstrosity,  in  which  there  is  absence  of  one 
or  both  breasts. 

AMBARUM,  Ambergris  —  a.  Cineritium,  Am- 
bergris. 

AMBE,  from  a/z/Jatvo),  'I  ascend;'  Ambi.  A 
superficial  eminence  on  a  bone.  Also,  an  old 
surgical  machine  for  reducing  dislocations  of  the 
shoulder ;  the  invention  of  which  is  ascribed  to 
Hippocrates.  It  is  no  longer  used. — -Hippo- 
crates, Scultetus.     See  Crista. 

AMBER,  Suecinum  —  a.  Liquid:  see  Liquid- 
amber  styraciflua. 

AM'BERGRIS,  'gray  amber,'  Amhor,  Ambar, 
Ambra  gri'sea  seu  cinera'cea  seu  ambrosiaca, 
Ambnrtnn,  Suc'cinum  cine'reum  seu  gri'seum, 
Am'barum  cineri"tium.  A  concrete  substance, 
of  the  consistence  of  wax,  cineritious  colour, 
studded  with  yellow  and  blackish  spots,  and  ex- 
haling a  very  pleasant  odour.  It  seems  highly 
probable  that  ambergris  is  formed  in  the  intes- 
tines of  the  whale,  and  voided  with  its  excre- 
ment. Like  all  aromatic  substances,  ambergris 
is  slightly  anti-spasmodic  and  excitant;  but  it  is 
oftener  employed  as  a  perfume  than  as  a  medi- 
cine. 

AMBIA.  A  liquid,  yellow  bitumen,  the  smell 
and  virtues  of  which  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
resin  tacamahaca.  It  is  obtained  from  a  spring 
in  India. 

AMBICUS,  Alembic. 

AMBIDEX'TER,  Amphidex'ius,  from  ambo, 
'both,'  and  dexter,  'right.'  One  who  uses  both 
hands  with  equal  facility.  Celsus  says  the  sur- 
geon ought  to  be  'non  minus  sinistra  quam  dex- 
trd  promptus.'  One  of  the  aphorisms  of  Hippo- 
crates says,  that  a  woman  is  never  ambidexter. 
This  is  a  mistake. 

AMBIL^VUS,  Ampharisteros. 

AMBIOPIA,  Diplopia. 

AMBITUS  GENITALIS  MULIEBRIS,  Ves- 
tibulum. 

AMBLOMA,  Abortion. 

AMBLOSIS,  Abortion. 

AMBLOSMUS,  Abortion. 

AMBLOTHRIDION,  see  Abortion. 

AMBLOTHRIDIUM,  Abortive. 

AMBLOTICUS,  Abortive. 

AMBLUS,  aji0\vs,  'obscure.'    Hence, 

AMBLYAPH'IA,  from  afx^Xv;,  'obscure,'  and 
'a(f»h  'feeling.'     Dulness  of  the  sense  of  touch. 

AxMBLYOGMOS,  Amblyopia. 

AMBLYO'PIA,  from  an^Xvi,  'obscure,'  and 
b)tp,  'the  eye.'  Amblyos'mos,  Amblyog'mos,  Ampli- 
o'pia  (so  called  by  some,  according  to  Castelli, 
ob  ignorantiam  GrtBcm  lingum),  Hebetu'do  visas, 


AMBLYOSMOS 


51 


AMMI 


Feebleness  of  sight,   (F.)  AnMyopie,  Viie  faible. 
First  degree  of  Amaurosis. — Hippocrates. 

Amblyopia  Crepuscularis,  Hemeralopia — a. 
Dissitorum,  Myopia — a.  Meridiana,  Nyctalopia — 
a.  Proximorum,  Presbytia. 
AMBLYOSMOS,  Amblyopia. 
AMBOLICUS,  Abortive. 

AMBON,  aiil3<j)v,  'the  raised  rim  of  a  shield  or 
dish,'  from  aiifiatvw,  'I  ascend.'  The  fibro-carti- 
laginous  rings  or  bourrelets,  which  surround  the 
articular  cavities,  as  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the 
scapula,  the  acetabulum,  &o.,  have  been  so  called 
— Galen.  See  Crista. 
AMBOR,  Ambergris. 

AMBRA,  Succinum  —  a.  Ambrosiaea,  Amber- 
gris— a.  Cineracea,  Ambergris. 
AMBRAGRISEA,  Ambergris. 
A3IBRE    BLANO,    Succinum    (album)  — a. 
Jaune,  Succinum. 

AMBRETTE,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

AMBRINA  AMBROSIOIDES,  Chenopodium 

ambrosioides  —  a.   Anthelmintica,   Chenopodium 

anthelminticum^a.  Botrys,  Chenopodium  botrys. 

AMBROISIE  DU 3IEXIQUE,  Chenopodium 

ambrosioides. 

AMBRO'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  (^porog, 
'mortal.'  Food  which  makes  immortal,  or  the 
food  of  immortals.  Food  of  the  gods  —  Homer. 
See  also,  Chenopodium  botrys. 
Ambrosia  Elatior,  see  A.  Trifida. 
Ambrosia  Marit'ima,  Orel.  Compositse.  A 
plant  which  grows  on  the  shores  of  the  Levant, 
and  has  a  pleasant,  bitter  and  aromatic  taste.  It 
is  given  in  infusion,  as  a  tonic  and  antispasmodic. 
Ambrosia  Trip'iba,  Horseioeed,  Richweed, 
Horsemint,  Horsecane,  BitteriDeed,  Great  or  Tall 
Ragweed,  Wild  Hemp.  This  indigenous  plant  is 
found  in  low  grounds  and  along  streams,  from 
Canada  to  Georgia,  and  west  to  Louisiana  and 
Arkansas.  It  is  an  annual,  and  flowers  in  Au- 
gust and  September.  An  infusion  has  been  re- 
commended locally  in  mercurial  salivation. 

Ambrosia  Elatior,  Ragiceed,  is  said  by  Dr.  R. 
E.  Griffith  to  have  much  more  developed  sensible 
properties. 

A3IBR0SIE  DU  MEXIQUE,  Chenopodium 
ambrosioides. 

AiVBULAWCE  (¥.),  from  ambulare,  'to  walk.' 
A  military  hospital  attached  to  an  army,  and 
moving  along  with  it.  Also  called  Edpital  am- 
bulant. 

AMBULATIO,  "Walking. 

AM'BULATORY,  Am'bulans,  Ambulati'vus, 
Am'balative,  (F.)  Ambukait.  A  morbid  affection 
is  said  to  be  'ambulatory,'  (F.)  ambulant,  when 
it  skips  from  one  part  to  another;  as  Erisyp>eles 
ambulants,  &c.  When  blisters  are  applied  suc- 
cessively on  different  parts  of  the  body,  they  are 
called  Vesicatoires  ambulants. 
AMBULEIA,  Cichorium  intybus. 
AM'BULI.  The  Brachmanic  name  for  an  In- 
dian aquatic  herb,  which  appears  to  belong  to 
the  family  LysimachicB.  The  whole  plant  has  a 
Bweet  smell.  Its  decoction  has  a  very  bitter 
taste,  and  is  an  excellent  febrifuge.  It  is  also 
taken  in  milk  in  cases  of  vertigo. 

AM'BULO   FLATULEN'TUS    ET   FURIO'- 
SUS,    Flatus  furio'siis,    Vare'ni.     Painful,    mo- 
bile, and  periodical  tumours  aflfeeting  different 
parts,  which  were  once  considered  as  the  effect 
of  very  subtile  vapours  —  Michaelis.     Their  na- 
ture is  by  no  means  clear. 
AMBUSTIO,  Burn. 
AMBUTTJA,  Pareira  brava. 
AMBUYA-EMBO.    A  very  beautiful,  creeping 
aristolochia  of  Brazil,  the  decoction  of  which  is 
exhibited  successfully  in  obstructions.     It  is  also 
used  in  fumigation  and  in  baths  as  a  tonic. 
A3fE,  Anima. 


AMELI.     A  Malabar  shrub,   belonging  to   a 
genus  unknown.     The  decoction  of  its  leaves  is 
said  to  relieve  colic.     Its  roots,  boiled  in  oil,  are 
used  to  repel  tumours. 
AMELIA,  Apathy. 

AMENIA,  Amenorrhoea,  Emmenagogues. 
AMENOMA'NIA.      A   hybrid   word,    formed 
from  the  Latin  amoenus,  'agreeable,'  and  jiavia, 
'mania.'     A  gay  form  of  insanity. 

AMENORRHCE'A,  Parame'nia  obstructio'nis, 
Ifenocryph'ia,  Menosta' sia,  Apophrax'is,Arrhae' a, 
Defec'tus  seu  Reman' sio  seu  Cessa'tio  men'sium, 
Menstrtia'tio  impedi'ta,  Ischome'nia,  Ame'nia, 
Ametroha'mia,  from  a,  privative,  nt]v,  'a  month,' 
and  pe.li>,  'I  flow.'  Sup)pression  of  the  menses,  (F.) 
Sujjpression  duflux  menstruel.  This  suppressioii 
is  most  commonly  symptomatic,  and  hence  the 
chief  attention  must  be  paid  to  the  cause.  Usu- 
ally, there  is  an  atonic  state  of  the  system  gene- 
rally, and  hence  chalybeates  and  other  tonics  are 
advisable. 

Two  great  varieties  of  Amenorrhoea  are  com- 
monly reckoned.  1.  A.  Emansio'nis,  Eman'sio 
men'sium,  Menis'chesis,  3Tenos' chesis,  3Ien«truu'tio 
reten'ta,  3fen'sium  reten'tio,  Retention  of  the  men- 
ses, when  the  menses  do  not  appear  at  the  usual 
age :  and,  2.  Supjjres'sio  3fen'sium  seu  3Ienstru- 
atio'nis,  Amenorrhos'a  Suppressio'nis,  Intemqi'tio 
menstruatio'nis,  3fenstrua'tio  suppres'sa,  in  which 
the  catamenia  are  obstructed  in  their  regular 
periods  of  recurrence.  See  Emansio  Mensium, 
and  Menses. 

Amenorrhcea  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhoea — a. 
Emansionis,  see  Amenorrhcea — a.  Hymenica,  see 
Hymenicus  —  a.  Partialis,  Dysmenorrhoea  —  a. 
Suppressionis,  see  Amenorrhoea. 

AMENTIA,  Dementia:  see,  also,  Fatuitas,  and 
Idiotism — a.  Senilis,  Dementia  of  the  aged. 

A31ER,  Amarus  —  a.  de  Boeuf,  Bile  of  tho 
ox. 

AMERICAN,  see  Homo. 

AMERICANUM  TUBEROSUM,  Solanum  tu- 
berosum. 

A3IERTU3IE,  Bitterness. 

AM'ETHYST,  Amethys'tus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  jitdvut,  'I  am  drunk.'  A  precious  stone,  to 
which  the  ancients  attributed  the  property  of 
preventing  drunkenness.  It  was  also  used  as  an 
anti-diarrhoaic  and  absorbent. — Pliny,  Albertus 
Magnus. 

AMETH'YSUM,  Amethys'tum.,  (remedium.) 
Same  etymon  as  the  last.  A  remedy  for  drunk- 
enness. 

AMETRIA,  Intemperance,  from  a,  privative, 
and  ptrpov,  'measure.'  Also,  absence  of  the 
uterus  ;  from  a,  privative,  and  unrpa,  'the  uterus.' 

AMETROH^MIA,  Amenorrhoea. 

AMIAN'THUM  MUSCiETOX'ICUM,  {aixiav- 
Tog,  'pure,'  and  avSog,  'a  flower,')  3Ielan' thitmt 
mxisccetox'icum,  Helo'nias  erythrosperm' a,  Fly- 
poison,  Fall-poiso-n,  indigenous.  Ord.  Melan- 
thacese.     A  narcotic  poison,  not  used,  however. 

AMICULUM,  Amnios. 

A3IID0LIQUE,  from  amidum,  'starch.'  Ap- 
pertaining or  belonging  to  starch.  M.  Beral 
calls  medicaments  amidoliques  those,  which  owe 
their  general  propertie,'3  to  starch. 

A3IID0N,  Amylum  —  a.  lodure  d',  Starch, 
Iodide  of. 

A3IID0NNIERE,  Ammi  maeulatum. 

AMIDUM,  Amylum. 

AMIN^A,  Anime. 

AMIN^'UM  VINUM,  Amine'an  wine,  highly 
esteemed  as  a  stomachic.  Virgil  distinguishes  it 
from  the  Falernian. — Pliny,  Macrobius,  &e. 

AMMA,  Truss. 

AMMI,  Ammi  majus  seu  cioutmfo'lium  sea 
vulga're  seu  Bolberi,  Am'mios  murica'ta,  A'pium 


AMMION 


52 


AMMONIA   ACETAS 


ammi,  Bishop's  weed.  The  seeds  of  this  plant 
are  aromatic  and  pungent.  They  are  said  to  be 
carminative  and  diuretic,  and  are  tonic  and  sto- 
machic. 

Asnii  BoLBEEi,  Ammi  —  a.  des  Boutiques,  see 
Sison  ammi — a.  Cieutaefolium,  Ammi — a.  Majus, 
Ammi — a.  Verum,  see  Sison  ammi — a.  Vulgare, 
Ammi. 

AMMION,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

AMMIOS  MURICATA,  Ammi. 

AMMISMUS,  Psammismus. 

AMMOCHO'SIA,  Ammoclio'sis,  from  ajinog, 
'sand,' and  x^'^j  'I  pour.'  Arena'tio.  Putting 
the  human  body  in  hot  sand,  for  the  cure  of 
disease. 

AMMO'NIA,  Ammo'nia  or  Ammoni'aaal  gas, 
Volatile  al'Jcali,  Al'cali  ammoni.'acum  caus'ticum, 
A.  volat'ile  caus'ticum,  Ammo'nia  cans'tica  seu 
2)ura,  Ammoni'acum,  A.  caus'ticum,  Gas  ammo- 
niaea'le,  Mephi'tis  urino'sa,  (F.)  Ammoniaque, 
Air  alcalin,  Gaz  ammoniacal.  An  alcali,  so  called, 
because  obtained  principally  by  decomposing  sal 
ammoniac  [muriate  of  ammonia)  by  lime.  This 
gas  is  colourless,  transparent,  elastic,  of  a  pun- 
gent, characteristic  odour,  and  an  acrid,  urinous 
taste.  It  turns  the  syrup  of  violets  green,  and 
its  specific  gravity  is  0-596.  When  inhaled, 
largely  diluted  with  common  air,  it  is  a  powerful 
irritant.  When  unmixed,  it  instantly  induces 
suffocation. 

Ammonia,  Acetate  of,  Solutiox  of,  Liquor 
ammonise  acetatis — a.  Arseniate  of,  Arseniate  of 
ammonia — a.  Benzoate  of.  Ammoniac  benzoas^ — 
a.  Bicarbonate  of,  see  Ammonite  carbonas  —  a. 
Caustica  liquida.  Liquor  ammonife  —  a.  Chloro- 
hydrate  of,  Ammonige  murias — a.  Citrate  of,  Am- 
niouise  citras — a.  Hydriodate  of.  Ammonium,  io- 
dide of — a.  Hydrochlorate  of,  Ammonire  murias 
— a.  Hydrosulphuretof,  Ammonite  sulphuretum — 
a.  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine — a.  Liniment  of,  strong, 
Linimentum  ammonias  fortius — a.  Liquid,  Liquor 
Ammonias — a.  Muriatica,  Ammoniee  murias  —  a. 
Nitrata,  Ammonia  nitras — a.  Phosphate  of,  Am- 
moniaB  phosphas — a.  Prseparata,  Ammonise  car- 
bonas  —  a.  Pura  liquida.  Liquor  ammonise  —  a. 
Solution  of.  Liquor  ammoniae  —  a.  Solution  of, 
stronger.  Liquor  ammonite  fortior  —  a.  Tartrate 
of,  Ammonia)  tartras. 

AMMO'NIAC,  GUM,  Ammoni'acum  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  Gum'mi  Ammoni' acum,  Armoni'acum,  Jlato'- 
rium,  (F.)  Ammoniac,  Gomme  ammoniaque,  so 
called  from  Ammonia  in  Lybia,  whence  it  is 
brought.  A  gum-resin,  the  concrete  juice  of 
Dore'ma  ammoni'acum,  of  Persia  :  a  species  of  a 
genus  allied  to  Ferula;  and  also  the  gum-resin 
of  Fer'ula  tingita'na.  The  latter  is  the  amnio- 
niacum  of  commerce.  It  is  in  irregular,  dry 
masses  and  tears,  yellow  externally,  whitish 
within.  Its  odour  is  peculiar,  and  not  ungrate- 
ful :  taste  nauseous,  sweet,  and  bitter.  It  forms  a 
white  emulsion  with  water:  is  soluble  in  vinegar; 
partially  so  in  alcohol,  ether,  and  solutions  of  the 
alcalies. 

Gum  ammoniacum  is  expectorant,  deobstru- 
ent  (?),  antispasmodic,  discutient,  and  resolvent. 
It  is  chiefly  used,  however,  in  the  first  capacity, 
and  in  the  formation  of  certain  plasters. 

Two  varieties  are  met  with  in  the  market, 
GuticB  ammoni'aci,  the  best;  and  Lapis  ammoni' - 
aci,  the  more  impure. 

AMMOXIAC^  NITRAS,  Ammonia  nitras— 
a.  Sulphas,  Ammonise  sulphas. 

AMMONIACUM,  Ammonia,  Ammoniac  gum 
—a.  Hydrochloratum  ferratum,  Ferrum  ammoni- 
atum — a.  Succinatum,  Spiritus  ammoniaj  fcetidus 
— a.  Volatile  mite,  Ammoniaj  carbonas. 

AMMONIiB  ACETAS,  Liquor  ammonite  ace- 
tatis— -a.  Arsenias,  Arseniate  of  Ammonia. 


Ammoni.e  Ben'zoas,  Ben'zoate  of  Ammonia. 
A  salt  formed  by  the  union  of  benzoic  acid  and 
ammonia,  which  has  been  prescribed  for  the  re- 
moval of  gouty  depositions  of  urate  of  soda  in 
the  joints.     It  is  regarded  as  a  good  diuretic. 

Ammonia  Bicar'bonas,  Bicarb'onate  of  Am- 
mo'nia, is  officinal  in  the  .Dublin  Pharmacopoeia. 
It  has  the  same  properties  as  the  next,  and  is 
more  palatable.    Dose,  six  to  twenty-four  grains. 

Ammonia  Car'bonas,  A.  Subcar'bonas  seu  <S'es- 
quicar'bonas.  Salt  of  bones,  Sal  Os'sium,  Sal  Fu- 
Ug"inis,  Salt  of  wood-soot,  Salt  of  urine,  Volatile 
Sal  Ammoniac,  Baker's  salt,  Al'cali  volat'ile 
aera'tum,  A.  volat'ile  ammoniaca'le,  A.  volat'ile 
ex  sale  ammoni'aco,  Ammoni' acum  volat'ile  mite, 
Ammo'nium  carhon'icum  seu  subcarbo'neum,  Car- 
bonas ammo'nioB  alkali'nus  seu  incomple'tus  seu 
superammoni' anus,  Hypocar'bonas  ammo'nim,  Flo- 
res  salis  ammoni'aci,  Sal  cornu  cervi  volat'ile,  Sal 
volat'ilis  salis  amnion  i'aci,  Concrete  or  m  ild  volatile 
alkali.  Carbonate  or  Subcarbonate  of  ammonia, 
Ammo'nia  prmpara' ta,  Sal  volat'ile.  Smelling  salt, 
(F.)  Carbonate  d' ammoniaque,  Sel  volatil  d'An- 
gleterre,  [Amman,  muriat.  Ibj  ;  Greta;  tbiss.  Sub- 
lime—  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  white,  striated,  crystalline 
mass;  odour  and  taste  pungent  and  ammoniacal: 
soluble  in  two  parts  of  water  :  insoluble  in  alco- 
hol :  efSoresces  in  the  air.  It  is  stimulant,  ant- 
acid, diaphoretic,  and  antispasmodic.  Dose,  gr. 
V  to  XV. 

Carbonate  of  ammonia  is  at  times  used  to  form 
effervescing  draughts.  One  scruple  saturates  six 
fiuidrachms  of  lemon  juice,  twenty-six  grains  of 
crystallized  tartaric  acid,  and  twenty-six  grains 
of  crystallized  citric  acid. 

Carbonate  of  ammonia  is  the  usual  smelling 
salts.  When  a  few  drops  of  Liquor  Ammonite 
fortior  are  added  to  it  coarsely  powdered,  and 
some  volatile  oil,  it  forms  Preston  Salts. 

Ammonia  Citbas,  Citrate  of  Ammo'nia.  Made 
by  saturating  lemon  or  lime  juice,  or  a  solution 
of  citric  acid,  with  carbonate  of  ammonia.  Dose, 
f^ss.  It  may  be  made  extemporaneously,  and 
taken  in  an  effervescing  state.  Seventeen  grains 
of  citric  acid,  or  half  a  fluidounce  of  lemon  juice, 
will  be  sufficient  for  thirteen  grains  of  carbonate 
of  ammonia. 

Ammonia  Cupro-sulphas,  Cuprum  ammonia- 
tum. 

Ammonite  et  Ferri  Murias,  Ferrum  ammo- 
niatum — a.  Ferro-citras,  Ferri  ammonio-citras — 
a.  Hydriodas,  Ammonium,  iodide  of — a.  Hydro- 
chloras,  AmmonitE  murias  —  a.  Hydrosulphure- 
tum,  Liquor  fumans  Boylii  —  a.  Hypocarbonas, 
Ammonite  Carbonas. 

Ammonia  Mu'rias  (Ph.  U.  S.),  ilu'riate  oi 
Chlorohydrate  of  Ammo'nia,  Hydrochlo' rate  of 
Ammo'nia,  Chlorohydrate  of  Ammo'nia  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  Sal  Ammoni'acum,  Sal  Ammo'niae,  Sal 
Ammoni'acus,  Ammo' nia  Muriat'ica,  Ammo' nium 
Muria'tum,  Ammo'nia  HydrocMo' raa,  Chlorure'- 
tum  Arnmo'nicum,  Sal  Armeni'acum,  Salmiac, 
Fuli'go  Al'ha  Pkilosopho'rum,  Ilisadir,  (F.) 
JIuriaie  d' Ammoniaque,  Sel  Ammoniac  ou  Arme- 
niac.  A  saline  concrete,  formed  by  the  combi- 
nation of  muriatic  acid  with  ammonia.  In  Egypt 
it  is  manufactured  in  large  quantities  by  sublim- 
ing the  soot  formed  by  burning  camel's  dung — 26 
pounds  of  the  soot  yielding  6  pounds.  It  is  also 
prepared,  in  great  quantities,  by  adding  sulphuric 
acid  to  the  volatile  alkali  obtained  from  soot, 
bones,  &c.,  mixing  this  with  common  salt,  and 
subliming. 

Muriate  of  ammonia  is  inodorous,  but  has  an 
acrid,  pungent,  bitterish,  and  urinous  taste. 
Three  parts  of  cold  water  dissolve  one.  Solu- 
ble also  in  4-5  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is  aperient 
and  diuretic,  but  seldom  used  internally.     Es- 


AMMO^^IAQUB 


AMOMUJI 


ternally,  it  is  employed,  producing  cold  during 
its  solution,  in  inflammations,  &c. 

Aji3Io'xij2  Nitras,  Nitrate  of  Ammonia,  AV- 
hali  volat'ilenitra'tum,  Sal  ammoni' acii^  nitro' 8us, 
Ammo' Ilia  nitra'ta,  Nitras  ammoiii' aca,  Nitrum 
flammans,  (F.)  Nitrate  d'Ainmoniaque.  A  salt 
composed  of  nitric  acid  and  ammonia.  It  is  diu- 
retic and  deobstruent.  (?)  Externally,  it  is  dis- 
cutient  and  sialogogue. 

Ammo'xijs  Phosphas,  Ammo'nium  pJiosphor'i- 
cuiii,  Phosphate  of  Ammo'nia,  (F.)  Phosphate 
d'Ammoniaqiie.  This  salt  has  been  recommended 
as  an  excitant,  diaphoretic,  and  discutient.  More 
recently,  it  has  been  proposed  as  a  new  remedy 
for  gout  and  rheumatism,  as  a  solvent  of  uric  acid 
calculus,  and  for  diseases,  acute  and  chronic,  con- 
nected directly  with  the  lithic  acid  diathesis. 

AiiMoxi^E  Sesquicarbonas,  a.  carbonas. 

Ammo'xi^  Sclphas,  Sulphate  of  Ammo'nia, 
Sulphas  ammoni'accB,  Ammo'nium  snlphu'ricum, 
Al'kali  volat'ile  vitriola'tum,  Sal  Ammoni'acum 
secre'tum  Glauberi,  Sal  seere'tus  Glauberi,  Vi- 
triolum  ammoniaca'le,  (F.)  Sulphate  dAmmoni- 
aquc.  Formed  by  adding  sulphuric  acid  either  to 
sal  ammoniac  or  toammoniacal  liquor.  Its  proper- 
ties are  like  those  of  the  muriate  of  ammonia. 

Ammo'xi.e  Sulphure'tum,  Sul'phuret  of  Am- 
mo'nia, Htjdrosul' pihuret  of  Ammo'nia,  Ammo'- 
nium Sidf hydra' turn,  HijdrosuV phas  Ammonia, 
Spir'itus  Begdi'-VI,  Sp.  fumans  Begui'xi,  Sul- 
pihure'tum  ammoni' acm,  Sp.  salis  ammoni'aci  aul- 
pjhura'tus.  Liquor  ammo'nii  hydrothi'odis,  Hydro- 
sulphure'tum  Ammo' nieum,  Hydrosulph.  anunonia- 
ca'le  aquo'sum,  Hydror/'eno-sulphure'turn,  amnio- 
ni'acce  liq'uidum,  Spir'itus  sul'phuris  volat'ilis, 
ITejjar  sulphuris  volat'ile,  Botle's  or  Beg0INe's 
fuming  spiirit,  (F.)  Hydrosulpjhate  sulfure  d'Ain- 
moniaque, Liqueur  fumante  de  BoYLE,  Sulfure 
hydrogene  d'Ammoniaque,  Hydrosnlfure  d'Am- 
moniaqiie. Odour  very  fetid;  taste  nauseous  and 
styptic;  colour  dark  yellowish  green.  It  is  re- 
puted to  be  sedative,  nauseating,  emetic,  disoxy- 
genizing(?)  and  has  been  given  in  diabetes  and 
diseases  of  increased  excitement.     Dose,  gtt.  vij 

to  gtt.   XX. 

Ammo'xIjtE  Tartras,  Al'kali  volat'ile  tartari- 
za'turn,  Sal  Ammoni'acum  tarta'reum,  Tar'tarus 
ammo'nicB,  Tartrate  of  Ammo'nia,  (F.)  Tartrate 
d'Ainmoniaque.  A  salt  composed  of  tartaric  acid 
and  ammonia.  It  is  diaphoretic  and  diuretic; 
but  not  much  used. 

A2IM0NIAQUE,  Ammonia — a.  Arseniate  d', 
Arseniate  of  ammonia — a.  Hydrosnlfure  d',  Am- 
monise  sulphuretum — a.  Hydrosulfate  sidfure  d', 
Ammonias  sulphuretum — -a.  Liquide,  Liquor  am- 
monias— a.  Phosphate  d' ,  Ammoniffi  phosphas — 
a.  Sulfure  hydrogene  d' ,  Ammonise  sulphuretum. 

AMMONII  lODIDUM,  Ammonium,  iodide  of 
— a.  loduretum,  Ammonium,  iodide  of. 

AMMOXIO-CUPRICUS  SUBSULPHAS,  Cu- 
prum ammoniatum. 

AMMO'!NION,  from  a^jio^,  'sand.'  An  ancient 
collyrium  of  great  virtue  ia  many  diseases  of  the 
eye,  and  which  was  said  to  remove  sand  from 
that  organ. 

AMMOXIUM  ARSENICICUM,  Arseniate  of 
ammonia — a.  Carbonicum,  Ammonias  carbonas — 
a.  Hydroiodieum,  Ammonium,  iodide  of — a.  lo- 
datum.  Ammonium,  iodide  of. 

AiiMo'xiuii,  Iodide  of,  lod'idum  seu  lodure'- 
tum  ammonii,  Ammonium  loda'tum  seu  Hydro- 
iod'icum,  Hydri'odas  ammo'iiiee,  Hydri'odate  of 
ammo'nia.  This  salt  is  formed  by  saturating 
liquid  hydriodic  acid  with  coAistic  ammonia,  and 
evaporating  the  solution.  It  is  applied  in  the 
form  of  ointment  (^j  ad  adipis  ^j)  in  lepra, 
psoriasis,  &c. 

Ammonium  Muriaticum  Martiatum  seu  Mar- 
TiALE,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — a.  Muriatum,  Am- 


monias murias  —  a.  Phosphoricum,  Ammoniae 
phosphas — a.  Subcarboneum,  Ammonias  carbonas 
— a.  Sulf hydratum.  Ammonias  sulphuretum — a. 
Sulphuricum,  Ammonias  sulphas. 

AMNA  ALCALIZATA,  Water,  mineral,  sa- 
line. 

AMNEMOSTNE,  Amnesia. 

AMNE'SIA,  Amnest'ia,  Amnemos'yne,  from  a, 
privative,  and  fivria-ii,  'memory.'  Ilo'ria  iinhec"- 
ilis  amne'sia,  Oblio'io,  Pecollectio'nis  jaetu'ra, 
DyscBsthe'sia  inter'na,  Dehil'itas  memo'rics,  Me- 
mo'ria  dele'ta,  (S.)  Perte  de  Memoire,  'loss  of 
memory.'  By  some  nosologists,  amnesia  con- 
stitutes a  genus  of  diseases.  By  most,  it  is  con- 
sidered only  as  a  symptom,  which  may  occur  in 
many  diseases. 

AMNESTIA,  Amnesia. 

AMNIO,  Amniotic. 

AMNIO  AOID,  Amniotic  acid. 

AMNIITIS,  Amnitis. 

AMNIOCLEP'SIS,  from  amnios,  and  kAe-tw, 
'I steal  or  take  away  clandestinely.'  Premature 
escape  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

AMNIOPtRHOE'A,  from  amnios,  and  psu,  'I 
flow.'  A  premature  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

AM'NION,  Ain'nios,  Aninium,  Hym'nium, 
Charta  virgin'ea,  Armatu'ra,  Agni'na  memlra'nu, 
Pellu'cida  membra' na.  Galea,  Scepar'num,  Lidu'- 
sixan,  Amic'idum,  Meinhra' na  foitum  invol'vens. 
The  innermost  of  the  enveloping  membranes  of 
the  foetus  : — so  called  because  first  observed  in 
the  sheep  (?),  [afivos,  '  a  sheep.')  It  is  thin,  trans- 
parent, perspirable,  and  possesses  many  delicate 
colourless  vessels,  which  have  not  be-en  injected. 
It  is  generally  considered  to  be  produced  by  a 
fold  of  the  external  layer  of  the  germinal  mem- 
brane, rising  up,  and  gradually  enveloping  the 
embryo.  Its  external  surface  is  feebly  united  to 
the  chorion  by  areolar  and  vascular  filaments. 
Its  inner  surface  is  polished,  and  is  in  contact 
with  the  body  of  the  foetus  and  the  liquor  amnii. 

AMNIOT'IO,  Amniot'icus,  Amnio,  Am'nicut, 
(F.)  Amniotique  ou  Amnique.  Relating,  or  ap- 
pertainincT,  to  the  amnios. 

AMNIOT'IO  ACID,  Ac"idum  am'nieurn  seu 
amniof'ieum.  A  peculiar  acid,  found  by  Vauque- 
lin  and  Buuiva  in  the  liquor  amnii  of  the  cow, 

A31NIQUE,  Amniotic. 

AMNI'TIS,  Amnii'tis,  from  amnion  and  itis, 
'inflammation.'     Inflammation  of  the  amnion. 

AMCENOMA'NIA,  from  amcenus,  'agreeable,' 
and  mania.  A  form  of  mania  in  which  the  hal- 
lucinations are  of  an  agreeable  character. 

AJIOJTE  FAUX,  Sison  amomum. 

AMO'MUM  CARDAMO'MUM  (Ph.  D.),  A. 
verum,  Alpin'ia  cardamo'mum,  Caro'pi,  Mato'nia. 
Cardamo'mum,  Eletta'ria  Cardamo'mum,  Carda- 
mo'mum 3limts,  Lesser,  True,  or  Officinal  Car'da~ 
mom,  (F.)  Cardamome  de  la  Cote  de  Malabar, 
Cardamome.  Ord.  Zingiberaceas.  The  fruit  of 
this  East  India  plant — Cardainomum,  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
C.  3Ialabareii'se  —  has  an  agreeable,  aromatic 
odour,  and  a  pungent,  grateful  taste.  It  is  car- 
minative and  stomachic:  but  is  chiefly  used  to 
give  warmth  to  other  remedies.  It  is  called  Amo- 
mis.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  ^j. 

The  Amo'mum  Garda'ino'mum  of  hinnssus.  Clus- 
ter or  Pound  Cardamom  of  Sumatra,  Java,  and 
other  islands  eastward  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
yields  the  round  Cardamom,  Cardamo'mum  ro- 
tun'dum,  of  the  shops.  The  fruits,  in  their  native 
clusters  or  spikes,  constituting  the  Amo'mum  ra- 
cemo'sum,  are  rarely  met  with. 

Amomum  Curcuma,  Curcuma  longa. 

Amomum  Galanga,  Maranta  galanga. 

Amomum  Granum  Paradisi,  A.  max'imum, 
Cardamo'mum  majus  seu  pipera'tum,  Meleguet'ta, 
Maniguet'ta.  Greater  cardamom  seeds — Grana 
Paradi'ai,  Grains  of  Paradise,  (F.)  Graines   de 


AMOR 


54 


AMULETUM 


Paradis — resemble  A.  cardamomum  in  properties. 
They  are  estremely  hot,  and  not  much  used. 

Amomum,  Great-winged,  Amomum  maximum 
— a.  Hirsutum,  Costus. 

Amomum  Max'imum,  Great-winged  Amomum, 
yields  the  fruit  known  in  commerce  by  the  names 
Java  or  Nepal  Cardamoms,  Bengal  Cardamoms 
of  the  Calcutta  market,  &c. — Pereira. 

Amomum  Montanum,  see  Cassumuniar — a.  Pi- 
menta,  see  Myrtus  pimenta — a.  Racemosum,  see 
A.  cardamomum — a.  Sj'lvestre,  see  Cassumuniar 
— a.  Zedoaria,  Kaempferia  rotunda — a.  Zerumbet, 
see  Cassumuniar. 

Amomum  Zo'giber,  Zin'giher  officina'le  seu 
album  sevL  nigrum  seu  commu'ne,  Ziii'ziber,  Gin- 
ger, (F.)  Gingemhre.  The  black  a.nd  tchite  ginger, 
Zin'ziber  fuscum  et  album,  Zin' giber  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
are  the  rhizoma  of  the  same  plant,  Zin'giher  offi- 
cina'le, the  difference  depending  upon  the  mode 
of  preparing  them. 

The  odour  of  ginger  is  aromatic ;  taste  warm, 
aromatic,  and  acrid.  It  yields  its  virtues  to  alco- 
hol, and  in  a  great  degree  to  water.  It  is  car- 
minative, stimulant,  and  sialogogue. 

Preserved  Ginger,  Zingib'eris  Radix  Condi'ta, 
Radix  Zingib'eris  condi'ta  ex  India  alla'ta,  is  a 
condiment  which  possesses  all  the  virtues  of 
ginger. 

Ginger-Boer  Powders  may  be  formed  of  xcjiite 
sugar  ^j  and  Qij,  ginger  gr.  v,  subearbonafe  of 
soda  gr.  xsxvj,  in  each  blue  paper :  acid  of  tar- 
tar Qiss,  in  each  vyhite  paper — for  half  a  pint  of 
water. 

Oxley's  Concentrated  Essence  of  Jamaica  Gin- 
ger is  a  solution  oi ginger  in  rectified  spirit. 

AMOE,  Love. 

AMORGE,  Amurca. 

AMORPHUS,  Anhistous,  Anideus. 

AMOSTEUS,  Osteocolla. 

AMOUR,  Love — a.  Physique,  Appetite,  vene- 
real. 

AMOUREUX,  (muscle.)  Obliquus  superior 
oculi. 

AMPAC,  Amj)'acus.  An  East  India  tree,  the 
leaves  of  which  have  a  strong  odour,  and  are 
used  in  baths  as  detergents.  A  very  odoriferous 
resin  is  obtained  from  it. 

AMPAR,  Succinum. 

AMPELOCARPUS,  Galium  aparine. 

AMPELOPRASUM,  Allium. 

AMPELOP'SIS  QUINQUEFO'LIA,  {aiJi^e\og, 
'the  vine/  and  o^is,  'appearance,')  Virgin'ian 
Creeper,  American  Ivy,  Five-leaved  Ivy,  Woody 
Climber.  An  indigenous  climbing  plant.  Ord. 
Vitacese ;  which  flowers  in  July.  It  has  been 
advised  as  an  expectorant. 

AMPELOS,  Vitis  vinifera — a.  Agria,  Bryonia 
alba — a.  Idaja,  Vaccinium  Vitis  Idsea — a.  Mela3na, 
Tamus  communis — a.  Oinophorus,  Yitis  vinifera. 

AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA,  Diplopia. 

AMPHARIS'TEROS,  Ambilce'vus,  'awkward;' 
from  cfxipi,  and  apiarepos,  'the  left.'  Opposed  to 
ambidexter. 

AMPHEMERINOS,  Quotidian. 

AMPHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 

AMPHI,  aii(pi,  'both,  around,  on  all  sides.' 
Hence,  a  prefix  in  many  of  the  following  terms. 

AMPHIAM,  Opium. 

AMPHIARTHRO'SIS,  from  a//^i,  'both,'  and 
acyS-cwais,  '  articulation.'  A  mixed  articulation, 
in  which  the  corresponding  surfaces  of  bones  are 
united  in  an  intimate  manner  by  an  intermediate 
body,  which  allows,  however,  of  some  slight  mo- 
tion. Such  is  the  junction  of  the  bodies  of  the 
vertebrte  by  means  of  the  intervertebral  car- 
tilages. This  articulation  has  also  been  called 
Diartlirose  de  Continuite.  The  motion  it  permits 
is  but  slight. 

AMPHIBLESTROIDITIS,  Retinitis. 


AMPHIBLESTROIDES,  Reticular. 

AMPHIBLESTROMALA'CIA,  AmpMlles- 
tro'idomala' cia,  from  amphiblestro'ides  (membra- 
na),  'the  retina,  and  naXaxia,  'softening.'  Mol- 
lescence  or  softening  of  the  retina. 

AMPHIBRAN'CHIA,  from  ajKpi,  'around,' 
and  fipayxi-a,  '  the  throat.'  Amphibron'chia.  The 
tonsils  and  neighbouring  parts. — Hippocrates. 

AMPHICAUSTIS,  Vulva. 

AMHID'EUM,  from  aiitj>i,  'around,'  and  Ssia, 
'1  bind.'  The  outermost  margin  of  the  cervix 
uteri ;  the  Labium  iiteri. 

AMPHIDEXIUS,  Ambidexter. 

AMPHIDIARTHRO'SIS,  from  a/i.0i,  '  about,' 
and  iiapS-pcocrts,  'moveable  joint.'  A  name  given 
by  Winslow  to  the  temporo-maxillary  articula- 
tion, because,  according  to  that  anatomist,  it 
partakes  both  of  ginsrlymus  and  arthrodia. 

AMPHIESMA  CO^RDIS,  Pericardium. 

AMPHIMERINA,  Pertussis— a.  Hectica,  Hec- 
tic fever. 

AMPHIMERINOS,  Quotidian. 

AMPHIOX,  Maslach. 

AMPHIPLEX,  PeriniEum. 

AMPHIPNEUMA,  Dyspnoea. 

AMPHISMELA,  Knife,  double-edged. 

AMPHISMILE,  Knife,  double-edged. 

AMPHISPHAL'SIS,  Circumac'tio,  Circum. 
ductio,  from  afiipi,  'around,'  and  cipaWo],  'I  wan- 
der.' The  movement  of  circumduction  used  in 
reducing  luxations. — Hippocrates. 

AMPHODIPLOPIA,  see  Diplopia. 

AM'PHORA,  per  syncop.  for  an4>i^opivs,  from 
aiKjii,  'on  both  sides,'  and  (ptpui,  'I  bear  :'  because 
it  had  two  handles.  A  liquid  measure  among 
the  ancients,  containing  above  seven  gallons. 
Also  called  Quadrant'al,  Cera'mium,  Ceram'nium, 
Cadus. 

AMPHORIC  RESPIRATION,  see  Cavernous 
Respiration. 

AMPHOTERODIPLOPIA,  see  Diplopia. 

AMPHRODIPLOPIA,  Diplopia. 

AMPLEXATIO,  Coition. 

AMPLEXUS,  Coition. 

AMPLIPICATIO,  Platynosis. 

AMPLIOPIA,  Amblyopia, 

AMPOSIS,  Anaposis. 

AJIPOULES,  Essera. 

AMPUL'LA,  (L.)  'A  bottle.'  A  membranous 
bag,  shaped  like  a  leathern  bottle.  See  Cavitas 
Elliptica.     In  pharmacy,  a  receiver. 

Ampulla  Chtlifera  seu  Chyli,  Rec«pta- 
culum  chyli. 

AMPULLA,  Phlyctsenee. 

AMPUTATION,  Amputa'tio,  from  amputare, 
amputatum,  (am,  'around,'  aiid  ]-jutare,  'to  cut 
off.')  Apot'ome,  Apotom'ia.  The  operation  of 
separating,  by  means  of  a  cutting  instrument,  a 
limb  or  a  part  of  a  limb,  or  a  projecting  part,  as 
the  mamma,  penis,  <te.,  from  the  rest  of  the  body. 
In  the  case  of  a  tumour,  the  term  excision,  re- 
moval, or  extirpation,  (F.)  Resection,  is  more  com- 
monly used. 

Amputation,  Circular,  is  that  in  which  the 
integuments  and  muscles  are  divided  circularly. 

Amputation,  Flap,  (F.)  A.  a,  lambeaux,  is 
when  one  or  two  flaps  are  left  so  as  to  cover  the 
stump  when  the  limb  has  been  removed. 

AMPtJTATiox,  Joint,  Exarticida'tio,  (F.)  A. 
dans  I'article  ou  dans  la  contiguite  des  membres, 
is  when  the  limb  is  removed  at  an  articulation. 

Each  amputation  requires  a  different  process, 
which  is  described  in  works  on  operative  surgery. 

Amputation,  Spontaneous,  see  Spontaneous. 

AMULET,  Amuletum. 

AMULETTE,  Amuletum. 

AMULE'TUM,  from  amoliri,  'to  remove.'  An 
Amidet,  Periam'ma,  Apiotropm'urn,  Periap'ton, 
Phylaete'rion,  Apoteles'ma,  Exarte'ma,  Alexica'- 


AMURCA 


55 


AMYRIS   COMMIPHORA 


eum,  PrcBservati'vum,  Proba3ea'nhnn,Prohascan'- 
tiuni,  (F.)  Amidette.  Any  image  or  substance 
worn  about  the  person  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
venting disease  or  danger. 

AMUR'CA,  Amur'ga,  anopyn,  from  ajiepyta,  'I 
press  out.'  The  marc  or  grounds  remaining  after 
olives  have  been  crushed  and  deprived  of  their 
oil.    It  has  been  used  as  an  application  to  ulcers. 

AMURGA,  Amurca. 

AMUSA,  Musa  Paradisiaca. 

A'MYCE,  Amycha,  Amyx'is.  Excoriation,  Sca- 
rification. 

AMYCHA,  Amyce. 

AMYC'TICA,  from  aiivacui,  '1  lacerate.'  Me- 
dicines which  stimulate  and  vellicate  the  skin. — 
Caelius  Aurelianus. 

A2IYD0LE,  Fecula. 

AMYDRIASIS,  Mydriasis. 

AMYEL'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  iiveXog, 
'marrow.'  A  monstrous  formation,  in  which 
there  is  an  absence  of  spinal  marrow. 

AMYELONER'VIAj/rom  a,  privative,  /^ucXof, 
'marrow,' and  vevpov,  'nerve.'  Paralysis  or  de- 
ficient action  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

AMYELOTROPH'IA,  from  a,  privative,  pneXog, 
'marrow,'  and  Tpo(t>rj,  'nourishment.'  Atrophy 
of  the  spinal  marrow. 

AMYGt'DALA,  same  etymon  as  Amyctica; 
because  there  seem  to  be  fissures  in  the  shell. 
The  Almond,  of  which  there  are  two  kinds ; 
Amyg'dalm  ania'rm  and  A.  dulces,  (F.)  Amandes 
ameres,  and  A.  douees,  obtaine,d  from  two  varie- 
ties of  Amyg'dalus  communis  or  A.  sati'va,  Al- 
mond tree,  (Old  Eng.)  Amyllier,  a  native  of  Bar- 
bary.  Ord.  Amygdalese.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria 
Monogynia. 

The  taste  of  Amygdala  dulcis  is  soft  and  sweet ; 
that  of  A.  amora,  bitter.  Both  yield,  by  expres- 
sion, a  sweet,  bland  oil.  The  bitter  almond  con- 
tains Prussic  acid.  They  are  chiefly  used  for 
forming  emulsions. 

Amyg'dal^  Pasta,  Almond  Paste,  a  cosmetic 
for  softening  the  skin  and  preventing  chaps,  is 
made  of  hitter  almonds,  blanched,  ^^iv,  xcltite  of 
one  egg ;.  rose  water,  and  rectified  sjiirit,  equal 
parts,  or  as  much  as  is  sufficient. 

Amyg'dal^  Placen'ta,  Almond  Cake,  is  the 
cake  left  after  the  expression  of  the  oil.  The 
ground  Almond  Cake,  Almond,  Powder,  Fari'ita 
Amygdala' rum,  is  used  instead  of  soap  for  wash- 
ing the  hands. 

Amygdala,  Tonsil.  Also,  a  lobule  or  promi- 
nence of  the  cerebellum,  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance to  an  enlarged  tonsil.  This  and  its  fellow 
of  the  opposite  side  form  the  lateral  boundaries 
of  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  valley,  and  are 
in  great  part  covered  by  the  medulla  oblongata. 
The  Amygdalae  are  seated  on  either  side  of  the 
uvula,  in  the  fourth  ventricle. 

A3[Y0' BALATO]\IE,  Amygdalat'omus,  from 
afivyoaXri,  'tonsil,'  and  Topr],  'incision;'  impro- 
perly Tonsillitome, — Tonsil-guillotine,  (F.)  Se'ca- 
teur  des  Amygdales.  An  instrument  for  surgery 
and  excising  a  portion  of  the  tonsil.  See  Kio- 
tome. 

AMYGDALATUM,  Emulsio  amygdalse. 

AltYGDALE,  Tonsil. 

AMYG'DALIN,  Amygdali'num,  Amygdali'na, 
Amyg'daline.  A  principle  contained  in  bitter 
almonds,  which  is  prepared  by  pressing  the 
bruised  almonds  between  heated  plates  to  sepa- 
rate the  fat  oil;  boiling  the  residue  in  alcohol; 
evaporating,  and  treating  with  ether,  which  pre- 
cipitates the  amygdalin  in  a  crystalline  powder. 
A  weak  solution  of  it,  under  the  influence  of  a 
small  quantity  of  emidsin  or  synatapse,  which 
constitutes  the  larger  portion  of  the  pulp  of  al- 
monds, yields  at  once  oil  of  bitter  almonds  and 
hydrocyanic  acid. 


AMYGDALITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

AMYGDALUS,  see  Amygdala. 

Amygdalus  Communis,  see  Amygdala. 

AmygdaluS  Per'sica,  Per'sica  vulga'ris.  The 
common  i)each-tree,  (F.)  Pecker.  The  leaves  and 
flowers  have  be-en  considered  laxative.  They  ai-e 
bitter  and  aromatic,  and  have  been  given  in  hae- 
maturia,  nephritis,  &c.  The  fruit  is  one  of  the 
pleasant  and  wholesome  summer  fruits,  when 
ripe.  The  kernels,  Amyg'dalm  Per'sicw,  as  well 
as  the  flowers,  contain  prussic  acid. 

Peach  Brandy  is  distilled  from  the  fruit,  and 
is  much  used  in  the  United  States. 

AMYGMOS,  Scarification. 

AMYL,  Amylum. 

AMYLA'CEOUS,  Amyla'cens,  (F.)  Amijlace. 
from  amylum,  'starch.'  Having  the  nature  of, 
or  containing  starch.     Starchy,  starch-like. 

Amylaceous  Bodies,  Corpora  amylacea. 

AMYLE,  HYDRATED  oxide  of,  Oil  fusel 

AMYLENE,  see  Potato  oil. 

AMYLEON,  Amylum. 

AiVIYLI  lODIDUM,  Starch,  iodide  of— a. 
loduretum.  Starch,  iodide  of. 

AMYLLIER,  see  Amygdala. 

AxMYLOID  BODIES,  Corpora  amylacea. 

A'MYLUM,  A'midum,  Fee'ida,  Amyl'eon, 
Amyl'ion,  Am'ylon,  from  a,  priv.,  and  /juAi;,  'a 
mill,'  because  made  without  a  mill.  Starch,  (Old 
Eng.)  Amyl,  (F.)  Amidon,  Amylon.  Starch  of 
Wheat,  Fari'na,  Trit'ici  fari'na,  Amylum  tritic" - 
eu7n  sen  Trit'ici,  Fec'ula  Amyla'cea,  is  inodorous 
and  insipid,  white  and  friable.  It  is  insoluble  in 
cold  water  and  alcohol,  but  forms  with  boiling 
water  a  strong,  semi-transparent  jelly.  It  is  de- 
mulcent, and  is  used  as  an  emollient  glyster,  and 
as  the  vehicle  for  opium,  when  given  per  amim. 
Starch  is  met  with  abundantly  in  all  the  cereal 
grains,  in  the  stalks  of  many  of  the  palms,  in 
some  lichens,  and  in  many  tuberous  roots,  par- 
ticularly in  the  bulbs  of  the  orchis. 

Amylum  Americanum,  see  Arrow-root  —  a. 
Cannaceum,  Tous-les-mois — a.  lodatum.  Starch, 
iodide  of — a.  Manihotieum,  see  Jatropha  manihot 
— a.  Marantaceum,  Arrow-root — a.  Palmaceum, 
Sago — a.  Querneum,  Raeahout. 

A'MYON,  from  a  priv.,  and  fiviov,  'a  muscle,' 
Emnscida'tus.  Without  muscle.  Applied  to  the 
limbs,  when  so  extenuated  that  the  muscles  can- 
not be  distinguished. 

AMYOSIS,  Synezizis. 

AMYOSTHENI'A,  (F.)  Amyosthenie,  from  a, 
priv.,  nvb)v,  'a  muscle,'  and  a^tvoc,  'strength.' 
Defect  of  muscular  contraction. 

AMYOSTHENIE  GYSTURIQUE, Paralysis 
of  the  bladder. — Piorry. 

AMYRIS  COMMIPHORA,  see  Bdellium. 

Am'yris  Elemif'era,  (a.  intensive,  and  /ivpov, 
'an  odoriferous  ointment,'  because  it  enters  into 
the  composition  of  such.)  (F.)  Balsamier  ou 
Baumier  Elemifere.  Ord.  Terebinthacese.  Sex. 
Syst.  Oetandria  Monogynia.  The  plant  whence 
it  has  been  supposed  Gum  El'emi  is  obtained. 
This  gum  or  resin  is  brought  from  the  Spanish 
East  and  West  Indies.  Brazilian  Elemi,  accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Royle,  is  produced  by  Idea  leicarihn  ; 
Mexican  Elemi,  by  Ela'j^ihriuni  elemiferiim' ;  and 
Manilla  Elemi,  by  Cana'rium  commu'ne.  It  is 
softish,  transparent,  of  a  pale  whitish  colour,  in- 
clining a  little  to  green,  and  of  a  strong,  though 
not  unpleasant  smell.  It  is  only  used  in  oint- 
ments and  plasters,  and  is  a  digestive. 

Amyris  Gileadensis,  see  A.  opobalsamum. 

Am'yris  Opobal'samum,  (F.)  Balsamier  ou 
Baumier  de  la  Mecque,  Bal'sem,  Bal'samum.  The 
plant  from  which  is  obtained  the  Balsam  op 
Mecca,  Bal'samum  genvi'mim  antiqno'rvm  seu 
Asiat'icum   seu   Juda'icum  seu   Syriacum  seu  e 


AMYRON 


56 


ANESTHETIC 


Hfeccd  seu  Alpi'ni,  Balsamelm' on,  JSgyiotiacum 
Bal'sanmm,  Coccohal'samum,  Oleum  BaVsami, 
Opohal'samum,  Xylohal'samum,  Balsam  or  Balm 
of  Gilead,  (F.)  Baume  Blanc,  B.  de  Constantino- 
ple blanc,  B.  de  Galaad,  B.  da  Grand  Caire,  B. 
Vrai,  Terebinthine  de  Giliad,  T.  d' Egypte,  T.  du 
Grand  Kaire,  T.  de  Judee.  A  resinous  juice  ob- 
tained by  making  incisions  into  Amyris  opohal'- 
samum and  A.  Gileaden'sis  of  Linn^us,  Balsa- 
luaden'dron  Gileaden'se  of  Kunth.  The  juice  of 
the  fruit  is  called  GarpohcV samum ;  that  of  the 
wood  and  branches  Xylohal'samum.  It  has  the 
general  properties  of  the  milder  Terebinthinates. 
Amvris  Tomentosum,  Fagara  octandra. 
AMYRON,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
A'MYUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  nvs,  'a  mouse, 
a  muscle.'     Weak  or  poor  in  muscle. 

AMYX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  /tufa,  'mu- 
cus.'    Deficiency  of  mucus. 

AMYXIS,  Amyce,  Scarification. 
ANA,  ava,  a  word  which  signifies  'of  each.' 
It  is  used  in  prescriptions  as  well  as  a  and  ila,  its 
abbreviations.  As  a  prefix  to  words,  it  means 
'in,'  'through,'  'upwards,'  'above,'  in  opposition 
to  cata;  —  also,  'repetition,' like  the  English  re. 
Hence, — • 

ANAB'ASIS,  from  avaPaivoi,  'I  ascend.'     The 
first  period  of  a  disease,  or  that  of  increase. — 
Galen.     See  Augmentation. 
ANABEXIS,  Expectoration 
ANABLEP'SIS,  from  ava,  'again,'  and  jSXsnu), 
'  I  see.'     Restoration  to  sight. 

ANABOL^'ON,  Aimhole' us,  from  ava/?aXX(o,  'I 
cast  up.'  An  ointment  for  extracting  darts  or 
other  extraneous  bodies. 

ANAB'OLE,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  jSaXXco, 
'I  cast.'  Anayo'ge,  Anaph'ora,  Anacine'ma, 
Anacine'sis.  An  evacuation  upwards.  An  act 
by  which  certain  matters  are  ejected  by  the 
mouth.  In  common  acceptation  it  includes,  ex- 
sp>uitlon,  expectoration,  regurgitation,  and  vomit- 
ing. 

ANABROCHIS'MUS,  Anahron'cMsmus,  from 
uva,  'with,'  and  ^(lo^pi,  'a  running  knot.'     An 
operation  for  removing  the  eye-lashes,  for  exam- 
ple, when  they  irritate  the  eye,  by  means  of  a 
bair  knotted  around  them. — Hippocrates,  Galen, 
Celsus,  &c. 
ANABRONCHISMUS,  Anabrochismus. 
ANABROSIS,  Corrosion,  Erosion. 
ANACAMPSEROS,  Sedum  telephijim. 
ANACAR'DIUM  OCCIDENTA'LE,  {ava  and 
Kabila,  'heart,'  from  the  resemblance  of  the  fruit 
to  a  dried  heart,)  Acaju'ha  oceidenta'lis,  Cassu'- 
vium  pomAf  erum.  Cashew  (  W.  Indies.)   (F.)  Ac'- 
ajou.    Ord.  Terebinthaceas.    Sex.  Syst.    Ennean- 
dria  Monogynia.     The   Oil   of  tl^  CasJiew  Nut, 
O'leum  Anacar'dii,   (F.)  Huile  d'AcaJou,   is   an 
active  caustic,  and  used  as  such  in  the  countries 
where  it  grows,  especially  for  destroying  warts, 
&c. 
Anacarpium  Orientalb,  Avicennia  tomentosa. 
ANACATHAR'SIS,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and 
Kd&aipuv,  '  to  purge.'     Purgation  upwards.     Ex- 
pectoration.    See,  also,  Repurgatio. 

Anacatharsts    Catarrhalis    Simplex,    Ca- 
tarrh. 

ANACATHARTICUS,  Expectorant. 
ANACESTOS,  Incurable. 
ANACHREMPSIS,  Exspuition. 
ANACHRON,  Soda. 
ANACINEMA,  Anabole,  Exspuition. 
ANACINESIS,  Anabole,  Exspuition. 
ANACLASIS,  Repercussion. 
ANACLINTE'RIUM,    Anaclin'trum,  Recuhi- 
to'rium,  from  avaK\iv<a,  'I  recline.'     A  long  chair 
or  seat,  so  formed  that  the  person  can  rest  in  a 
reclining  posture. 

ANACLINTRUM,  Anaclinterium. 


ANACOLLE'MA,    from   ava,    'together,    ai^d 
KoXXuu),  'I  glue.'     A  healing  medicine. 
Anacollemata,  Frontal  bandages. 
ANACOLUP'PA.     A  creeping  plant  of  Mala- 
bar, the  juice   of  which,  mixed  with  powdered 
pepper,  passes  in  India  as  a  cure  for  epilepsy, 
and  as  the  only  remedy  for  the  bite  of  the  naja 
It  is  supposed  to  be  Zapa'nia  nodiflo'ra. 
ANACOLUTHIE,  Incoherence. 
ANACOMIDE,  Restauratio. 
ANACONCHYLIASMUS,  Gargarism. 
ANACONCHYLISMUS,  Gargarism. 
ANACTESIS,  Restauratio. 
ANACTIRION,  Artemisia. 
ANACYCLEON,  Charlatan. 
ANACYCLUS    OFFICINARUM,  see  Anthe- 
mis  Pyrethrum  —  a.  Pyrethrum,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum. 

ANADESMUS,  Fascia. 

ANADIPLO'SIS,  from  ava,  'again,'  and  h-rXoui, 
'I  double.'  Epanadiplo'sis,  Epanalep'sis,  Bedu- 
plica'tio.  The  redoubling  which  occurs  in  a 
paroxysm  of  an  intermittent,  when  its  type  is 
double. — Galen,  Alexander  of  Tralles. 
ANADORA,  Ecdora. 

ANAD'OSIS,  from  avaSiSioni,  'I  give  up.' 
Purgation  upwards,  as  by  vomiting.  Congestion 
of  blood  towards  the  upper  parts  of  the  body. 
Anadosie  seems  also  to  have  occasionally  meant 
chylification,  whilst  diadosis  meant  capillary  nu- 
trition,— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

ANAD'ROME,  fyom  ava,  'upwards,'  and  ^p£/i&), 
'  I  run.'  The  transport  of  a  humour  or  pain  from 
a  lower  to  an  upper  part. — Hippocrates.  Also, 
the  globus  hystericus.     See  Angone. 

ANJ3D(E'US,  from  av,  privative,  and  aihoia, 
'organs  of  generation.'  A  monster  devoid  of 
sexual  organs. 

AN^MATOPOE'SIS,  from  n,  av,  privative, 
'aifxa,  'blood,'  and  ttouu},  'I  make.'  Impeded  or 
obstructed  hasmatosis. 

AN^MATO'SIS,  Anhamato'sis,  from  a,  av, 
privative,  and  'ai^a,  'blood.'  Defective  hsoma. 
tosis  or  preparation  of  the  blood.     Anemia. 

AN^'MIA,  Exm'mia,  Ance'masis,  Anhce'mia, 
AnhcBvtaio'sis,  Polyanha'mia,  Ancemo'sis,  Oligce'- 
mia,  Oligohm'mia,  Hypa'viia,  Hydroa'mia,  Hy- 
drm'niia,  Ane'mia,  (F.)  An&mie,  AnJiemic,  Anhe- 
matosie,PolyanMmie,  Hydrohemie,Exaanguin'ity, 
Blood' lessness  :  from  a,  priv.,  and  'aifjia,  'blood.' 
Privation  of  blood ; — the  opposite  to  plethora.  It 
is  characterized  by  every  sign  of  debility.  Also, 
diminished  quantity  of  fluids  in  the  capillary  ves- 
sels : — the  opposite  to  Hyperemia. — The  essential 
character  of  the  blood  in  anemia  is  diminution 
in  the  ratio  of  red  corpuscles. 

AN^'MIC,  Anem'ie,  AncB'micus ;  same  ety- 
mon. Appertaining  or  relating  to  ansemia,  —  as 
an  " ancBmic  ■person."     See  Exsanguious. 

AN^MOCH'ROUS,froma,  aj/,  privative,  'aifia, 
'blood,'  and  XP"^'  'colour.'  Devoid  of  colour, 
pale. 

AN^MOSIS,  Anasmia. 

AN^MOT'ROPHY,  Anaimotrop'h'ia  :  from  av, 
privative,  'ai/^a,  'blood,'  and  rpoipt],  'nourish- 
ment.' A  deficiency  of  sanguineous  nourishment. 
— Prout. 

AN^MYDRIA,  Anhydramia. 
AN^STHE'SIA,  Anasthe'sis,  Insensihil'itas, 
Analge'sia,  Parap'sis  expers,  (F.)  Anesthesie ; 
from  a,  privative,  and  aiadavofiai,  '  I  feel.'  Pri- 
vation of  sensation,  and  especially  of  that  of 
touch,  according  to  some.  It  may  be  general  or 
partial,  and  is  almost  always  symptomatic. 

Anesthesia  Gustatoria,  Ageustia  —  a.  Lin- 
gu£B,  Ageustia — a.  Olfactoria,  Anosmia — a.  Optic, 
Amaurosis. 

AN^STHESIS,  Anaesthesia. 
ANiESTIIET'IC,    Anesthet'ic,    AncBsthet'iciif, 


ANiESTHETIZATION 


57 


ANAPNOE 


(F.)  Anesthesique ;  same  etymon,  as  Ancestheski. 
Relating  to  privation  of  feeling,  as  an  "  oncBstheti'c 
agent;"  one  that  prevents  feeling.  The  term  is, 
now,  almost  restricted  to  agents,  which  produce 
such  effect  by  being  received  into  the  lungs  in 
the  form  of  vapours  or  gases,  and  passing  with 
the  blood  to  the  nervous  centres  on  which  their 
action  is  exerted.  Perhaps,  as  a  general  rule, 
the  intellectual  faculties  first  feel  their  influence, 
— a  sort  of  intoxication  supervening,  with  imper- 
fect power  of  regulating  the  movements;  the 
sensory  ganglia  become  afterwards  or  simulta- 
neously affected,  sensation  and  motion  are 
suspended,  and  ultimately,  if  the  quantity  in- 
haled be  suflBcient,  the  medulla  oblongata  has  its 
actions  suspended  or  destroyed,  respiration  ceases, 
and  death  is  the  consequence.  Different  agents 
have  been  used  as  ancesthetics  by  way  of  inhala- 
tion—  sulphuric  ether,  chloroform,  chloric  ether, 
compound  ether,  chlorohydric  and  nitric  ethers, 
bisulphuret  of  carbon,  chloride  of  olefiant  gas, 
benzin,  aldehyde,  light  coal-tar  naphtha,  &c. ; 
but  the  first  four  are  alone  employed.  They  have 
been,  and  are,  greatly  used  in  serious  surgical 
operations,  and  during  parturition;  and  in  such 
cases,  as  well  as  in  many  diseases,  especially  of  a 
painful  nature,  produce  the  most  beneficial  results. 

AN^STHETIZA'TION,  (F.)  AnesthetiSation; 
same  etymon.  The  condition  of  the  nervous  sys- 
tem induced  by  anaesthetics. 

ANAGAL'LIS,  from  ava,  and  yaXa,  'milk,' 
from  its  power  of  coagulating  ijiilk.  A.  arven'sis 
A.  Phoenic"ea,  Red  Pim'iJernel,  Scarlet  Pimper- 
nel, Shepherd' s  Sun-dial.  Nat.  Ord.  Primulaceaj. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Mouron 
rouge.  A  common  European  plant;  a  reputed 
antispasmodic  and  stomachic. 

Another  species — Anagal'lis  ecBru'lea  is  a  mere 
variety  of  the  above. 

Anagallts  Aquatic  a,  Veronica  Beccabunga. 

ANAGARGALICTON,  Gargarism. 

ANAGARGARISMUS,  Gargarism. 

ANAGARGARISTON,  Gargarism. 

ANAGLYPHE,  Calamus  scriptorius. 

ANAGNOSTAKIS,  see  Ophthalmoscope. 

ANAGOGE,  Anabole,  Rejection. 

ANAGRAPHE,  Prescription. 

ANAG'YRIS,  Anag'yris  foe'tida,  Anag'yrus, 
Ac'opon,  Stinking  Bean  Trefoil.  (F.)  Anac/ijre, 
from  avayu, '  I  lead  upwards'  [  ?  ].  Native  of  Italy. 
The  leaves  are  powerfully  purgative.  The  juice 
is  said  to  be  diuretic,  and  the  seeds  emetic. — Di- 
oscorides,  Paulus. 

ANAGYRUS,  Anagyris. 

ANAL,  Ana'lis.  That  which  refers  to  the 
anus  ; — as  Anal  region,  &g. 

ANAL'DIA,  (F.)  Analdie;  from  a,  av,  priva- 
tive, and  oXhtLv,  'to  grow.'    Defective  nutrition. 

ANALEMSIA,  Analepsia. 

ANALENTIA,  Analepsia. 

ANALEP'SIA,  Anale2>'sis,  Analen'tia,  Ana- 
lem'sia,  from  ava,  'fresh,'  and  Xajx^avtiv.  (future 
Xi74o//«i,)  'to  take.'  Restoration  to  strength  after 
disease. — Galen.  AJiind  of  sympathetic  epilepsy, 
originating  from  gastric  disorder.     See  Epilepsy. 

Also,  the  support  given  to  a  fractured  extre- 
mity ;  — Appen'sio. — Hippocrates. 

ANALEPSIS,  Convalescence,  Restauratio. 

ANALEP'TICA,  Anapsye'tica,  Psycllot'ica, 
Refecti'va,  Peficien'tia,  Restauran'tia,  Analep)'- 
tics,  same  etymon.  Restorative  medicines  or 
food  ;  such  as  are  adapted  to  recruit  the  strength 
during  convalescence;  —  as  sago,  salep,  tapioca, 
jelly,  &c. 

Analeptic  Pills,  James's,  consist  of  James's 
Powder,  Gum  Ammoniaeum,  and  Pills  of  Aloes 
and  Myrrh,  equal  parts,  with  Tincture  of  Castor, 
sufficient  to  form  a  mass. 


ANALGE'SIA,  Anal'gia,  from  a,  av,  priv.,  and 
a\yog,  'pain.'  Absence  of  pain  both  in  health 
and  disease."    See  Aneesthesia. 

ANALGIA,  Analgesia. 

AN'ALOGUE,  Anal'ogus;  from  ava,  'again,' 
and  Aoyos,  '  a  description.'  A  part  in  one  orga- 
nized being  which  has  the  same  function  as  an- 
other part  in  another  organized  being. 

ANALOGOUS  TISSUES,  see  Tissues. 

ANALOSIS,  Atrophy. 

ANALTESIS,  Restauratio. 

ANALTHES,  Incurable. 

ANAMIRTA  COCCULUS,  Menispermum  coc- 
culus — a.  Peniculata,  Menispermum  cocculus. 

ANAMNES'TIC,  Anamnes'ticum,  from  ava, 
'again,'  and  ynnvrjaKU),  'I  remember.'  A  medi- 
cine for  improving  the  memory.  See,  also,  Com- 
memorative. 

ANANAS,  Bromelia  ananas — a.  Aculeata,  Bro- 
melia  ananas — a.  Americana,  Bromelia  pinguiii 
—  a.  Ovata,  Bromelia  ananas  —  Wild,  broad- 
leaved,  Bromelia  pinguin. 

ANANAZIP'TA.  A  word  formerly  scrawled 
on  amulets  to  charm  away  disease. 

ANANDRI'A,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  avnfi, 
'a  man.'  Want  of  manliness.  Impotence  in  the 
male.     The  state  and  act  of  emasculation. 

ANANEO'SIS,  Renova'tio ;  from  ava,  'again,' 
and  vEoj,  'new.'  Renovation  or  renewal, — as  of 
the  blood  by  the  chyliferous  vessels  and  lym- 
phatics. 

ANAPETI'A,  Exjyan'sio  mea'tuum,  from  ava, 
and  TTETatii,  '  I  dilate.'  A  state  opposite  to  the 
closure  of  vessels. — Galen. 

ANAPHALANTI'ASIS,4«f7J^.a?o??.to'«!a,from 
ava(pa\avTiai,  '  bald.'  Los^  of  the  hair  of  the  eye- 
brows.    Also,  baldness  in  general. 

ANAPHALANTOMA,  Anaphalantiasis. 

ANAPHE,  Anaphia. 

ANAPH'IA,  Anhaph'ia,  An'aphe,  from  a,  av, 
priv.,  and  'aipr;,  'touch.'  Diminution  or  privation 
of  the  sense  of  touch. 

ANAPHLASMUS,  Masturbation. 

ANAPHONE'SIS,  from  ava,  '  high,'  and  4,^vj,, 
'voice.'  Exercise  of  the  voice  :  vociferation:  — 
the  act  of  crying  out.      Vocifera'tio,  Olamor. 

ANAPHORA,  Anabole. 

ANAPHRODIS'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  A0po- 
SiTT],  '  Y enus,'  Defec'tus  Ven'eris.  Absence  of  the 
venereal  appetite.  Sometimes  used  ior  Impotence 
and  Sterility. 

ANAPHRODISIAC,  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANAPHROMELI,  Mel.despumatum. 

ANAP'LASIS,  Anaplasm'us,  from  avaTrAao-o-u, 
'  I  restore.'  Confirma'tio,  Reposi"tio.  Restora- 
tion. Union  or  consolidation  of  a  fractured  bone. 
— Hippocrates. 

ANAPLASMATIC,  Anaplastic. 

ANAPLASMUS,  Anaplasis. 

ANAPLAS'TIC,  AnapAas'tieus ;  same  etymon. 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  art  of  restoring  lost 
parts  or  the  normal  shape, — as  'Anaplastic  Sur- 
gery.' See  Morioplastice.  Also  an  agent,  that 
increases  the  amount  of  plastic  matter — fibrin — 
in  the  blood;  Anaplasmai'ic. 

ANAPLERO'SIS,  from  ava-aXnpow,  [ava,  and 
irXj/pou',)  'I  fill  up.'  Repletion.  That  part  of 
surgical  therapeutics  whose  object  is  to  supply 
parts  that  are  wanting.  Also,  Apposition  or 
Prosthesis. 

ANAPLEROTICUS,  Incarnans. 

ANAPLEU'SIS,  Fluetita'tio,  lanata'tio,  from 
ava-nXsiv,  [ava  and  ttAju)),  'to  swim  above.'  The 
looseness  or  shaking  of  an  exfoliated  bone  ;  or  of 
a  carious  or  other  tooth,  &c.  —  Hippocrates, 
Paulus. 

ANAPLOSIS,  Growth. 

ANAPNEUSIS,  Respiration. 

ANAPNOE,  Respiration. 


ANAPNOENUSI 


58 


ANATOMY 


ANAPXOENU'SI,  from  anapnoe,  'respira- 
iion,'  and  vovcos,  disease.'  Diseases  of  the  re- 
spiratory organs. 

ANAPNOMETER,  Spirometer. 

ANAPODISIS  UTERI,  Retroversio  Uteri, 

ANAP0DI3MUS  UTERI,  Retroversio  Uteri. 

ANAPODOPHYLLUM  CANADENSE,  Podo- 
phyllum peltatum. 

ANAP'OSIS,  Ani'posie,  from  ava,  'again,'  and 
Toaiq,  'drink.'  A  recession  of  humours  from  the 
circumference  to  the  centre  of  the  body. — Hippo- 
crates. 

ANAPSE,  Auailte. 

ANAPSIA,  GcBcitas. 

ANAPSYCTICA,  Analeptica. 

AXAPTYSIS,  Expectoration. 

ANAPTYXIS,  Growth. 

ANARCOTINA,  Narcotine. 

ANARRHEG-NU'MINA,  from  avappvywfii,  '1 
break  out  again.'  Fractures  are  so  called  when 
tney  become  disunited;  as  well  as  ulcers  when 
they  break  out  afresh. 

ANARRHI'JvTON',  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and 
piv,  '  the  nose.'  That  which  returns  by  the  nose. 
— Gorraeus. 

According  to  others,  that  which  issues  by  the 
skin  ;  from  ava,  and  pivog,  'the  skin.' 

ANARRHINUM,  Sternutatory. 

ANARRHffi'A,  Anar'fhoe,Anarrho'pia,  Anas'- 
tasis,  from  ava,  '  upwards,'  and  /ieu,  '  I  flow.  Af- 
flux of  fluid  towards  the  upper  part  of  the  body. 

ANARRHOPHE,  Absorption. 

AN  A  R  R  H  0  P  H  EN  U'S  I,  from  anarrJiophe, 
'absorption,' and  vovaos,  'disease.'  Diseases  of 
the  absorbents. 

ANARRHOPHESIS,  Absorption. 

ANARRnOPIA,  Anarrhcea. 

ANAR'THRUS,  from  av,  priv.  and  ap^pov,  'a 
joint.'  Without  a  joint.  One  who  is  so  fat  that 
his  joints  are  scarcely  perceptible. — Hippocrates. 

ANASAR'CA,  from  ava,  '  through,'  and  trapl, 
aapKos,  '  the  flesh.'  Anasarch'a,  Catasar'ca, 
Aqua  intercus  seu  inter  cutem,  Hypumv' ca,  Hy- 
drops cellula'ris  toti'ua  cor'jioris,  H.  Anasar'- 
ea  seu  inter'cua  seu  subcuta'neus  seu  cdlulo'aus  seu 
ciila'neus  seu  teliz  cellulo' scb,  Katasar  ca,  Episar- 
cid'ium,  Hy'deros,  Hydaton'cus,  Hyderon'cus, 
Hydron'cus,  Hydrosar'ca,  Hydroder' ma,  Hydrop' - 
isis  vera,  Sar' cites,  Polylym'phia,  Hyposareld' ins, 
Leucophlegma' tia.  General  dropsy.  Dropsy  of  the 
cellular  membrane,  (F.)  Anasarqtie.  Commonly, 
it  begins  to  manifest  itself  by  swelling  around  the 
ankles;  and  is  characterized  by  tumefaction  of 
the  limbs  and  of  the  soft  parts  covering  the  ab- 
domen, thorax,  and  even  the  face,  with  paleness 
and  dryness  of  the  skin,  and  pitting  when  any 
of  these  (especially  the  ankles)  are  pressed  upon. 
Like  dropsy  in  general.  Anasarca  may  be  active 
or  passive  ;  and  its  treatment  must  be  regulated 
by  the  rules  that  are  applicable  to  general  dropsy. 
At  times,  the  symptoms  are  of  an  acute  character, 
and  the  efTusion  sudden,  constituting  Derma- 
toek'ysis.  Hydrops  Anasar'ca  acu'tus,  CEde'ma 
cal'idum,  CE.  acu'tum,  CE.  fehri'le  of  some.  See 
Hydrops. 

Anasarca  HrsTERicmr,  Anathymiasis  —  a. 
Pulmonum  Hydropneumonia,  ffidema  of  the 
Lungs  — -  a.  Serosa,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

ANASARCHA.  Anasarca. 

ANASARQUE,  Anasarca. 

ANASISMUS,  Concussion. 

ANASPADIA,  see  Anaspadiseus. 

ANASPA'DIAS,  Epispa'dias,  from  ava,  'up- 
wards,' and  iTxau),  '  I  draw.'  One  whose  urethra 
opens  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  penis. 

ANASPADISIS,  see  Anaspadiaeus. 

ANASPADISMUS,  see  Anaspadiajus. 

ANAS'PASIS,  Anaspasm'us,  from  avacrirao),  'I 
contract.'    Betrac'tio.    Contraction,  especially  of 


the  bowels.  The  condition  is  called  Anasjia'dia, 
Anaspad'iais,  and  Anaspadis'mus. — Hippocrates. 

ANASPASMUS,  Anaspasis, 

ANASSA,  Bromelia  ananas. 

ANASTALTICA,  Styptics. 

ANASTASIS,  Anarrhoea.  Also,  restoration 
from  sickness.     Convalescence. 

ANASTCECHEIO'SIS,  from  ava,  'again,'  and 
cToix^Lov,  '  element.'  Reelementa' tio.  Resolu- 
tion of  a  body  or  its  parts  into  their  elements. — 
Galen. 

ANASTOMO'SIS,  from  ava,  'with,' and  aroiia, 
'  a  mouth.'  Inoscula' tio  seu  Reu'nio  vaso'rum, 
Exanastomo'sis,  Concur' sus,  (F.)  Abouchement. 
Communication  between  two  vessels.  By  con- 
sidering the  nerves  to  be  channels,  in  which  a 
nervous  fluid  circulates,  their  communication  like- 
wise has  been  called  Anastomosis.  By  means  of 
anastomoses,  if  the  course  of  a  fluid  be  arrested 
in  one  vessel,  it  can  proceed  along  others. 

Anastomosis  Aneurismatica,  Telangiectasia 
— a,  Jacobson's,  see  Petrosal  ganglion. 

ANASTOMOT'IC,  Anastomot' icus,  (F.)  Anas- 
tomotique.  Same  etymon  as  anastomosis.  Be- 
longing or  relating  to  anastomosis. 

ANASTOMOT'ICS,  Anastomot'ica.  Same  ety- 
mon. Certain  medicines  were  formerly  so  called, 
which  were  believed  to  be  capable  of  opening  tho 
mouths  of  vessels,  as  asperients,  diuretics,  etc. 

ANASTOMOT'ICUS  MAGNUS  (RAMUS), 
(F.)  Artere  collaterale  interne,  A.  collaterale  du 
coude,  is  a  branch  of  the  brachial  artery,  which 
comes  off  a  little  above  the  elbow,  and  bestows 
branches  to  the  brachialis  internus,  to  the  under 
edge  of  the  tric«ps,  and  to  the  muscles,  ligaments, 
etc,  about  the  elbow  joint.  See,  also,  Articular 
arteries  of  the  knee. 

ANASTROPHE  UTERI,  Inversio  uteri. 

ANATASIS,  Extension. 

ANATHEMA,  Tabula  votiva. 

ANATHERIUM  MURICATUM,  Andropogoa 
muricatus. 

ANATHOMIA,  Anatomv. 

ANATHYMIAMA,  Anathymiasis. 

ANATHYMI'ASIS,  Anathymiama,  from  ava, 
'upwards,'  and  Su/za,  'fumigation.'  CEde'ma  fu- 
gax,  CEde'ma  spas'ticum,  CEde'ma  liyster'icum, 
Anasar'ca  hyster'icum.  An  uncertain  and  tran- 
sient swelling  or  inflation,  said  to  have  been  ob- 
served at  times  in  nervous  and  hysterical  per- 
sons. It  also  means  Exhalation,  Fumigation,  and 
Hypochondriasis. 

ANATOLE  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail. 

ANATOME,  Anatomy  —  a.  Animata,  Physio- 
logy- 

ANATOMIA,  Anatomy — a.  Animalis,  Zootomy 
— a.  Comparata,  Zootomy — a.  Comparativa,  Zo- 
otomy— a.  Viva,  Physiology. 

ANATOMIE,  Anatomy — a.  Chirurgicale,  see 
Anatomy — a.  des  Regions,  see  Anatomy. 

ANAT'OMISM,  Anatomisin'us.  Same  etymon 
as  Anatomy.  The  doctrine  of  those  who  look 
into  the  arrangement  of  parts,  to  explain  all  the 
phenomena  of  the  organism. 

ANAT'OMIST,  Anatom'icm.  One  who  occu- 
pies himself  with  anatomy.  One  versed  in  ana- 
tomy. 

ANAT'OMY,  Anat'ome,  Anatom'ia,Afiathom'ia, 
Prosec'tio,  from  ava,  and  tcjivuv,  'to  cut,'  (F.) 
Anatomie.  The  word  Anatomy  properly  signifies 
dissection ;  but  it  has  been  appropriated  to  the 
study  and  knowledge  of  the  number,  shape, 
situation,  structure,  and  connection — in  a  word, 
of  all  the  apparent  properties  of  organized  bodies. 
Anatomy  is  the  science  of  organization.  Some 
have  given  the  term  a  still  more  extended  accep- 
tation, applying  it  to  every  mechanical  decom- 
position, even  of  inorganic  bodies.  Thus,  Crys- 
tallography   has    been   termed    the  Anatomy   of 


ANATON 


59 


ANCUBITUS 


crystallized  minerals.  Anatomy  has  also  been 
called  MIoiyhoVogij,  Somntol'ogy,  Somatot'omy, 
Organol'ogy,  etc.  It  assumes  different  names, 
according  as  the  study  is  confined  to  one  organ- 
ized being,  or  to  a  species  or  class  of  beings. 
Thus,  Androt'omy,  or  Anthropot'o7ni/,  or  Anthro- 
pog'ra-pTiy,  or  Anthi'oposomatol'ogi/,  is  the  Ana- 
tomy of  Man;  Zootomy,  that  of  the  other  species 
of  the  animal  kingdom;  and  Vet'erinary  Anat'- 
omy  is  the  anatomy  of  domestic  animals ;  but 
when  the  word  is  used  abstractly,  it  means  Hu- 
man Anatomy,  and  particularly  the  study  of 
the  organs  in  a  physiological  or  healthy  state. 
Physiolog"ical  Anatomy  is  occasionally  used  to 
signify  the  kind  of  anatomy  which  investigates 
structure  with  a  special  view  to  function.  The 
Anatomy  of  the  diseased  human  body  is  called 
Patliolog"ical  or  Morbid  Anatomy,  and  when  ap- 
plied to  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Foren'sic  Anat- 
omy. Several  of  the  organs  possessing  a  simi- 
larity of  structure,  and  being  formed  of  the  same 
tissues,  they  have  been  grouped  into  Systems  or 
Genera  of  Organs;  and  the  study  of,  or  acquaint- 
ance with,  such  systems,  has  been  called  General 
Anat'omy,  Histol'ogy,  or  Morjohot'omy,  whilst  the 
study  of  each  organ  in  particular  has  been  termed 
Descriptive  Anatomy,  AnthropomorpJiol'ogy.  His- 
tology is,  however,  more  frequently  applied  to 
the  Anatomy  of  the  Tissues,  which  is  called,  also, 
Tex'tural  and  Mici-oscop'ic  Anatomy,  Micrano- 
tom'ia,  see  Histology.  Descriptive  Anatomy  has 
been  divided  into  Skeletol'ogy,  which  comprises 
Osteol'ogy  and  SyndesmoVogy  ;  and  into  SarcoV - 
ogy,  which  is  subdivided  into  MyoVogy,  NeuroV- 
ogy,  Angiol'ogy,  Adenol'ogy,  Splanclinol'ogy,  and 
Hermol'ogy.  Sur'gicalAnat'omy,3Iedico-G'hirurgi- 
ealAnat'omy,  Topograph' iealAnat'omy,  Re'gional 
Anat'omy,  (F.)  Anatomie  Chirurgicnle,  A.  des  Re- 
gions, is  the  particular  and  relative  study  of  the 
bones,  muscles,  nerves,  vessels,  etc.,  with  which 
it  is  indispensable  to  be  acquainted  before  per- 
forming operations.  Gompar'ative  Anat'omy  is 
the  comparative  study  of  each  organ,  with  a  view 
to  an  acquaintance  with  the  modifications  of  its 
structure  in  different  animals  or  in  the  different 
classes  of  animals.  Transcendent' al  or  Philosoph' - 
ical  Anatomy  inquires  into  the  mode,  plan,  or 
model  upon  which  the  animal  frame  or  organs 
are  formed;  and  Artifcial  Anat'oiny  is  the°  art 
of  modelling  and  representing,  in  wax  or  other 
substance,  the  different  organs  or  different  parts 
of  the  human  body,  in  the  sound  or  diseased  state. 
Phytot'omy  is  the  anatomy  of  vegetables,  and 
Picto'rial  Anatomy,  anatomy  artistically  illus- 
trated. 

Anatomy,  see  Skeleton — a.  Artificial,  see  Ana- 
tomy—a. Comparative,  see  Anatomy,  Zootomy — 
a.  Descriptive,  see  Anatomy  —  a.  Forensic,  see 
Anatomy — a.  General,  see  Anatomy — a.  Human, 
see  Anatomy — a.  of  Man,  see  Anatomy— a.  Me- 
dico-Chirurgical,  see  Anatomy— a.  Microscopic, 
see  Anatomy — a.  Morbid,  see  Anatomy — a.  Path- 
ological, see  Anatomy — a.  Pathological,  micros- 
copic, see  Histology— a.  Philosophical,  see  Ana- 
tomy—a. Physiological,  see  Anatomy — a.  Picto- 
rial, see  Anatomy — a.  Practical,  see  Dissection — 
a.  Regional,  see  Anatomy — a.  Surgical,  see  Ana- 
tomy— a.  Textural,  see  Anatomy — a.  Topogra- 
phical, see  Anatomy  — a.  Transcendental,  "see 
Anatomy — a.  Veterinary,  see  Anatomy. 

ANATON,  Soda. 

ANATREPSIS,  Restauratio. 

ANATRESIS,  Perforation,  Trepanning. 

ANATRIBE,  Friction. 

ANATRIPSrS,  Friction. 

ANATRIPSOL'OGY,  Anatripsolog"ia,  Ana- 
triptolog" ia,  from  avar^n^is,  'friction,'  and  \oyoi, 


'a  discourse. 
medy. 


A   treatise   on  friction   as   a  re- 


ANATRIPTOLOGIA,  Anatripsology. 

ANATRO.N,_Natrum,  Soda. 

ANAT'ROPE,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  Tpfjra, 
'I  turn.'  Subversion.  A  turning  or  subver- 
sion or  inverted  action  of  the  stomach,  charac- 
terized by  nausea,  vomiting,  etc.  —  Galen.  We 
still  speak  of  the  stomach  turning  against  any 
thing. 

ANAUDIA,  Catalepsy,  Mutitas. 

ANAXYRIS,  Rumex  acetosa. 

ANAZESIS,  Ebullition. 

ANAZOTURIA,  see  Urine. 

ANCHA,  Haunch. 

ANCHILOPS,  ^gilops. 

ANCHONE,  Angone. 

ANCHORALIS  PROCESSUS,  Coracoid. 

ANCHUSA  ANGUSTIPOLIA,  A.  Ofiicinalis 
— a.  Incarnata,  A.  Officinalis — a.  Lycopsoides,  A. 
Officinalis. 

Anchu'sa  Officinalis,  A.  Angnstifo'Ka  seu 
Tncarna'ta  seu  LycopsoV des,  Alca'na,  Lingua 
Bovis,  Buglos'sum  sylves'tre,  Offio"inal  or  Garden 
Al'kanet  or  Pugloss,  (Old  Eng.)  Langdehef;  Ord. 
Boraginete.  ^e,r.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
(F.)  Buglose.  A  native  of  Great  Britain.  The 
herb  was  formerly  esteemed  as  a  cordial  in  me- 
lancholia and  hypochondriasis;  but  it  is  now 
rarely  used.  It  is  also  called  Bvglos'sa,  Btiglos'- 
srim  angustifo'lium  majus,  £.  vulga're  majus,  B, 
sati'vum. 

Anchd'sa  Tincto'ria,  Alcan'na  spn'ria,  Byer'a 
Bitgloss,  Ane'hium,  Buglos'sum  Tincto'rnm,  Li- 
thosper'mtim  villo'sum,  Dyer's  Al'kanet,  (P.)  Or- 
canette.  A  European  plant.  The  medical  pro- 
perties are  equivocal.  It  is  used  to  give  a  beau- 
tiful red  colour  to  ointments. 

ANCHYLOSIS,  Ankylosis. 

ANCISTRON,  Hamulus. 

ANCLE,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 

ANGLER,  Malleolus. 

ANCLET.  Malleolus. 

ANCLIFF,  Malleolus. 

ANCLOWE,  Malleolus. 

ANCOLIE,  Aquilegia  vulgaris. 

ANCON,  Elbow,  Olecranon. 

ANCONAD,  see  Anconal  Aspect. 

ANCONAGRA,  Pechyagra. 
_  ANCO'NAL,  from  ayKwv,  'the  elbow.'     Rela- 
ting, or  appertaining  to  the  elbow  or  the  olecranon. 

Anconal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  ancon  or  elbow  is  situated. — Bar- 
clay.^ Anco'nad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  ad- 
verbially, to  signify  'towards  the  anconal  aspect.' 

ANCONE,  Anconeus. 

ANCONE'US,  from  ayK^i^v,  'the  elbow.'  A  term 
once  applied  to  every  muscle  attached  to  the  ole- 
cranon. Winslow  distinguished  four — the  great, 
external,  internal,  and  small;  the  first  three  being 
portions  of  the  same  muscle,  the  triceps  hrachia- 
lis.  The  last  has,  alone,  retained  the  name.  It 
is  the  Aneone'ns  minor  of  Winslow,  the  Ancone'us 
seu  Cuhita'lis  Riola'ni  of  Douglas,  the  Epicon- 
dylo-Cuhita'lis  of  Chaussier,  the  Brevis  Ga'biti, 
(F.)  Ancone,  and  is  situate  at  the  upper  and  back 
part  of  the  fore-arm.  It  arises  from  the  external 
condyle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  posterior  edge  of  the  upper  third  of  the  ulna. 
Its  use  is  to  aid  in  the  extension  of  the  fore-arm. 

Anconeus  Externus,  see  Triceps  extensor 
cubiti — a.  Internus,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti 
— a.  Major,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti. 

ANCTE'RES.  Fihulcn  or  Glasps  by  which 
the  lips  of  wounds  were  formerly  kept  together. 
— Celsus,  Galen. 

ANCTERIASMUS,  Infibulation. 

ANCU'BITUS,  Petrifac'tio.  An  affection  of 
the  eye,  in  which  there  is  a  sensation  as  if  sand 
were  irritating  the  organ. 


ANCUNNUENT.E 


•6  0 


ANEMONE  DES  BOIS 


ANCUNXUEX'T^.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  menstruating  females. 

ANGUS,  Anhus,  from  ay/cuv,  'the  elbow.'  One 
who  cannot  extend  his  arms  completely. 

Also,  the  deformity  resulting  from  a  luxation 
of  the  humerus  or  fore-arm.— Hippocrates. 

ANCYLE.  Ankylosis. 

AXCYLOBLEPHAROX,  Ankyloblepharon. 

AXCTLOCHEILIA,  AnkylocheUia. 

ANCYLOCOLPUS,  Colpatresia. 

ANCYLOOORE,  Ankylocore. 

AiSrCYLODERE,  Torticollis. 

ANCYLODERIS,  Torticollis. 

A^^CYLODONTIA,  Ankylodontia. 

ANCYLOGLOSSIA,  Ankyloglossia. 

AXCYLOMELE,  Ankylomele. 

ANCYLOMERISMUS,  Ankylomerismus, 

ANCYLORRHIXIA,  Ankylorrhinia. 

AXCYLOSIS,  Ankylosis. 

ANCYLOTIA,  Ankylotia. 

ANCYLOTOMUS,  Ankylotomus. 

AXCYRA.  Hook. 

ANCYROID  CAVITY,  Digitd  cavity. 

AXCYROIDES  PROCESSUS,  Coracoid. 

AXD,  Breath. 

ANDA.  Native  name  of  a  tree  of  Brazil — 
Anda  Gome'sii  seu  Brasilien'sis  sen  de  Phon, 
Andassu,  Anda-aqu,  Joanne'sia  prvicejjs.  Ord. 
Euphorbiacese.  Sex.  Synt.  Moncecia  Monadel- 
phia.  An  oil — Oil  of  Anda — is  obtained  from 
the  seeds  by  pressure,  60  to  60  drops  of  which 
act  as  a  cathartic.  The  fruit  is  an  oval  nut, 
containing  two  seeds.  These  have  the  taste  of 
the  chestnut;  but  are  strongly  cathartic,  and 
even  emetic.  The  shell  is  astringent,  and  is 
used  as  such  in  diarrhoea,  etc. 

ANDE,  Breath. 

ANDELY,  MINERAL  T^ATERS  OF.  An- 
dely  is  in  France,  near  Gysore,  and  eight  leagues 
from  Rouen.  The  water  is  cold,  and  a  weak  cha- 
lybeate. It  is  used  in  chlorosis  and  abdominal 
obstructions. 

ANDERSON'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulse  Aloes  et 
Jalapae. 

ANDIRA  IBAI,  Geoffraea  Vermifuga— a.  In- 
crmis,  Geoffraea  inermis — a.  Racemosa,  Geoffreea 
inermis — a.  Surinamensis,  Geoffreea  Surinamen- 
sis. 

ANDRACHAHARA,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

ANDRACHNE,  Arbutus  unedo,  Portulaca. 

ANDRALOGOMELE,  from  awp,  avSi^og,  'a 
man,'  a,  priv.,  \uyo;,  'reason.'  and  jxrjXov,  'a  do- 
mestic animal.'  A  name  given  by  3Ialacarne  to 
a  monster  in  which  he  supposed  the  presence  of 
the  body  of  a  man  with  the  limbs  of  a  brute. 

ANDRANATOM'IA,  Andranat'ome,  Andro- 
tom'ia,  Androt'ome,  Aiithropot'omy,  from  avrjp, 
genitive  avRpos,  'a  man,'  and  tcjivuv,  'to  cut.' 
The  anatomy  of  man. 

ANDRI'A.     Adult  age.     Manhood. 

Axdri'a  Mu'lier,  Mulier  HermaphrodW ica. 
A  female  hermaphrodite. 

ANDROGEN'IA,  from  avrip,  avSpo;, '  a  man,'  and 
ytriais,  'generation.'  The  procreation  of  males. 
— Hippocrates. 

ANDROG"YNUS,  from  av^o,  av'opog,  'a  man,' 
and  yi'vr],  'a  woman.'  A  hermapjhrodite.  An 
effeminate  person. — Hippocrates. 

ANDROLEPSIA,  Conception. 

ANDROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

ANDROM'EDA  ARBO'REA,  Sorrel  Tre-e, 
Sour  Tree,  Sour  Wood,  Elk  Tree,  Elk  Wood, 
Sorrel  Wood,  Sour  Leaf ,  (F.)  Andromede,  Andro- 
medier.  A  small  indigenous  tree ;  Ord.  Erica- 
ceae, Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia;  found  in 
the  Alleghany  mountains  and  the  hills  and  val- 
leys diverging  from  them,  as  far  as  the  fouthern 
limits  of  Georgia  and  Alabama;  but  seldom  north 
of  Virginia.    The  sour  leaves  are  refrigerent  and 


astringent,  and  have  been  used  to  make  a  kind 
of  lemonade,  which  has  been  given  in  fevers. 

Aedromeda  Maria'na,  Broad-leaved  Moor- 
toort,  Kill-lamh,  Lamb  Killer,  Staffffrbueh.  A 
decoction  of  this  American  plant  is  said  to  have 
been  successfully  employed  as  a  wash,  in  a  dis- 
agreeable affection — not  uncommon  amongst  the 
slaves  in  the  southern  parts  of  the  United  States 
— called  the  Toe  Itch,  and  Ground  Itch. — Barton. 

Andromeda  Nit'ida,  Sourwood,  Sorrel  tree, 
indigenous ;  has  properties  similar  to  those  of 
A.  arborea. 

ANDROPOGON  BICORNIS,  Junetus  odoratus 
— a.  Calamus  aromatieus,  see  Oleum  graminis  In- 
dici — a.  Citratus,  Junetus  odoratus — a.  Citriodo- 
rus,  Junetus  odoratus,  Nardus  Indica. 

Axdropo'gon  Mueica'tus,  {avnp,  avopos,  'a 
man,'  and  Truiyuiv,  'a  beard.')  A.  squarro'sus, 
Phal'aris  zizano'i'des,  Agros'tis  verticilla'ta,  Ana- 
the'rum.  murica'tum,  Yetive'ria  odora'ta,  Yiftie- 
vayr,  Cuscus,  Khus-Khus ;  Nat.  Ord.  Gramineae. 
The  root  of  this  plant,  from  Bombay,  is  aromatic 
and  bitterish.  It  is  used  as  a  perfume.  It  has 
been  used  as  an  excitant  and  diaphoretic. 

AxDROPOGON  Nardus,  Calamus  Alexandrinus, 
Nardus  Indica — a.  Schcenanthus,  Junetus  odora- 
tus— a.  Squarrosus,  A.  Muricatus. 

ANDROSACE,  Umbilicus  marinus— a.  Mat- 
thioli,  Umbilicus  marinus. 

ANDROSiEMUM,  Hypericum  perforatum. 

ANDROTOMY,  Andranatomia. 

ANDRUM.  An  East  India  word,  latinized 
by  Ka3mpfer,  signifying  a  kind  of  elephantiasis 
of  the  scrotum,  endemic  in  southern  Asia. 

ANEANTISSE3IEXT  (F.),  Yir'ium  e.rtinc'- 
tio.  This  word  is  often  employed  hyperbolically, 
by  patients  in  France,  to  signify  excessive  fatigue, 
debility  or  syncope. 

ANEBIUM,  Anchusa  tinctoria. 

ANEBUS,  Impuber. 

ANECPYE'TUS,  from  av,  for  nvtv,  'without,' 
and  TTDEu,  'I  promote  suppuration.'  That  which 
does  not  suppurate,  or  is  not  likely  to  suppurate. 

ANEGER,'TICA,  from  avzyziohi  (ava  and  zyeipoi), 
'I  awaken.'  The  art  of  resuscitating  the  appa- 
rently dead. 

ANEILE'MA,  Aneile'sia,  from  avu\ca  [ava  and 
ti\c(ji),  'I  roll  up.'  Applied  particularly  to  the 
motion  of  air  in  the  intestines  and  the  tormina 
accompanying  it. — Hippocrates. 

ANEILESIS,  Aneilema. 

ANEMIA,  Anosmia. 

ANEMO'NE,  Wind  Floicer :  from  avcfiog,  'the 
wind,'  because  it  does  not  open  its  flowers  until 
blown  upon  by  the  wind. 

ANEMONE  DES  BOIS,  Anemone  nemorosa. 

Anemone  Collina,  A.  Pulsatilla — a.  Hepatica, 
Hepatica  triloba — a.  Intermedia,  A.  Pulsatilla. 

Anemone  Ludoticiana,  A.  patens. 

Anemo'ne  Nemoro'sa,  Ranun'culus  alhus  seu 
nemero'sus.  Wood  Anemo'ny,  (F.)  Anemone  des 
hois.  Orrf.  Ranunculaceas.  The  herb  and  flowers 
are  poisonous,  acrid,  and  corrosive.  They  have 
been  used  as  rubefacients. 

Anemo'ne  Patens,  A.  Ludovicia'na,  PuhatiV- 
la  patens :  indigenous:  from  Illinois  and  "Wis- 
consin to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  is  supposed  to 
possess  similar  properties. 

Anemo'ne  Praten'sis,  A.  Sylves'tria,  Pulsatil'- 
la  ni' gricans  seu  praten'sis.  This  plant  has  si- 
milar properties  with  the  last  It  is  also  called 
Meadow  Anemony,  (F.)  Pulsatille  noire,  P.  des 
pres. 

Anemo'ne  Pulsatil'la,  A.  CoUi'na  seu  Inter- 
me'dia  seu  Praten'sis  seu  Rubra,  Pulsatil'la 
vulgaris,  Merba  ventis,  Nola  culina'ria,  Pasque 
flower,  (F.)  Coquelourde,  possesses  like  properties. 

Anemone  Rubra,  A.  Pratensis— a.  Rue-leaved, 


ANEMONY 


61 


ANEURISM 


Thalictrum  anemonoides — a.  Sylvestris,  A.  Pra- 
teusis. 

AXEMONY,  Anemone  hepatiea — a.  Meadow, 
Anemone  pratensis — a.Wood,  Anemone  nemorosa. 

ANEMOS,  Wind. 

ANENCEPHALIA,  see  Anencephalus. 

A>;ENCEPHAL0H^'MIA,  from  av,  privative, 
eYKt(pci^os,  '  encephalon,' and  a(//a,  '  blood.'  De- 
fect of  blood  in  the  brain.     Syncope. 

ANEXCEPHALONEU'RIA,  AneneepJi-alo- 
ner'via,  from  av,  priv.,  cyKe(pa>iOs,  'encephalon,' 
and  vevpov,  'nerve.'  Want  of  nervous  action  in 
the  encephalon. 

AXEXCEPHALOTROPH'IA,  from  av,  priva- 
tive, cyKz<pa\os,  '  the  encephalon,'  and  rpofri,  'nou- 
rishment.'    Atrophy  of  the  encephalon. 

ANEXCEPH'ALUS,  from  av,  privative,  and 
tyKe<ia\o;,  'brain.'  A  monster  devoid  of  brain. 
— Bonetus,  G.  St,  Hilaire.  Also,  one  that  has  a 
part  onlj'  of  the  brain  ; — Paraceph'ahis.  The  con- 
dition has  been  called  AnencephaV  ia.  A  weak, 
sillv  person. — Hippocrates. 

ANEXERGESIA,  Debility. 

AXEXERGIA,  Debility. 

ANEXTJERONERVIE  SATURNINE,  see 
Palsv,  lead. 

ANEPISCHESIS,  Incontinentia. 

AXEPITHYM'IA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  t-i^vixia, 
'desire.'  Many  nosologists  have  used  this  word 
for  a  loss  of  the  appetites,  as  of  those  of  hunger, 
thirst,  venery,  &c. 

Anepithymia  Chlorosis.  Chlorosis. 

AXER,  avrio,  genitive  av^poj.     A  man. 

AXERETHIS'IA,  Inirntabil'itas,  from  av, 
priT.,  and  £p£6((7ij,  '  in'itability.'  Defect  of  irrita- 
bility.— Swediaur. 

ANER  VIS.MIE,  Paralysis. 

AXERYTHROP'SIA,  from  av,  priv.,  tpv^oog, 
'red,' and  ot^tf,  'vision.'  Defective  vision,  which 
consists  in  an  incapability  of  distinguishing  red. 

AXESIS,  Remission. 

ANESTHESIE,  Anjesthesia. 

ANESTEESIE  EXTATIQUE.  The  aggre- 
gate of  phenomena  of  impaired  feeling  produced 
especially  by  the  manipulations  of  the  animal 
magnetizer. — Andral. 

ANESTHETIC,  Ansesthetic. 

ANESTHESIQTJE,  Anesthetic. 

ANESTHETIZATIOX,  Anesthetization. 

ANESOX,  Anethum. 

ANESUM,  Pimpinella  anisum. 

AXET.  Anethum. 

ANETH,  Anethum  graveolens. 

AXE'THUM,  Aiie'son,  Ane'ton,  Ane'tJium  Fce- 
nic'ulum  seu  Sege'tum  seu  Piperi'tum,  Foenic'u- 
lum,  F.  Dulce  seu  Officinale  seu  vulga're,  Ligus'- 
tieum  foenic' alum,  Fan'eulum,  Fennel  or  Finckle, 
Mar' aihrtim,  Anet,  Sweet  Fennel,  (Prov.)  Spingel, 
(F.)  Fenouil  ou  Aniis  dotix.  Orel.  Umbelliferse. 
Sex.  St/St.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  fruit,  Foe- 
iiic'uluM  (Ph.TJ.  S.),  has  an  aromatic  odour,  and 
v/arm,  sweetish  taste.  It  is  carminative.  The  oil 
—  Oleum  Fctnic'uU — is  ofl&cinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
The  root  is  said  to  be  pectoral  and  diuretic. 

Anethum  Fceniculum,  Anethum. 

Anethum  Graveolens,  Anethum,  A.  horten'se, 
Pastina' ca  Anethum  seu  Graveolens,  Fer'ula  Gra- 
veolens, Dill,  (F.)  Aneth,  Fenouil  puant.  A  na- 
tive of  the  south  of  Europe.  The  seeds  are  sti- 
mulant and  carminative.  A  distilled  water  — 
Aqua  ane'thi.  Dill-water — is  officinal  in  the  Lon- 
don and  Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeias.  Dose,  gr. 
XV  to  3J. 

Oleum  Ane'thi,  Oil  of  Dill,  (F.)  Huile  d' Aneth, 
possesses  the  carminative  properties  of  the  plant. 
Anethum  Pastinaca,   Pastinaca    Sativa  —  a. 
Pineritura,  Anethum — a.  Segetum,  Anethum. 
AXETICUS,  Anodyne- 


AXETOX,  Anethum. 

AXETUS,  Intermittent  fever  —  a.  Quartanus, 
Quartan  —  a.  Quotidianus,  Quotidian  —  a.  Tertia- 
nus,  Tertian  fever. 

AXEURAL'GICOX,  from  a,  privative,  vtv^ov, 
'nerve,'  and  aXyog,  'pain.'  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
C.  T.  Downing  to  an  instrument  used  by  him  to 
allay  pain  in  nerves.  It  is  a  kind  of  fumigating 
apparatus,  in  which  dried  narcotic  and  other 
herbs  are  burnt,  the  heated  vapour  being  directed 
to  any  part  of  the  body. 

AXEURIA,  Paralysis. 

A'i^'^ViYA'Si^i,  Aneurys' ma.yAneurys'mus,  Anen- 
ris'ma,  Cedma,  from  avsvpvveiv,  [ava,  and  cvpvveiv,) 
'  to  dilate  or  distend.'  Dilata'tio  Arteria'rum, 
Ecta'sta,  Emborys'ma,  Exangi'a  aneuris'ma,  Ar- 
terieurys'ma,  Artereurys'ma,  Ecematoce'le  arte~ 
rio'sa,  Absces'sus  spirituo'sus,  Arteriec'tasis,  (F.) 
Anevrysme,  Aneurisme.  Properly,  Aneurism  sig- 
nifies a  tumour,  produced  by  the  dilatation  of  an 
artery  ;  but  it  has  been  extended  to  various  lesions 
of  arteries,  a,s  well  as  to  dilatations  of  the  heart. 

There  are  various  kinds  of  aneurism.  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  chief: 

I.  When  the  blood,  which  forms  the  tumour,  is 
enclosed  within  the  dilated  coats  of  the  artery. 
This  is  the  true  Aneurism,  Aneurys'ma  verum, 
Hernia  Arteria'rum,  (F.)  Anevrysme  vrai. 

II.  When  the  blood  has  escaped  from  the 
opened  artery,  it  is  called  spurious  or  false 
Aneurism,  Aneuris'ma  spu'rium,  Ruptu'ra  Arte'- 
ricB,  Arteriorrhex'is,  Arteriodial'ysis,  Ecchymo'- 
nia  arterio'snm,  (F.)  Anevrysme  faux.  The  latter 
is  divided  into  three  varieties  : 

1.  Diffused  False  Aneurism,  (F.)  Anevrysme 
faux,  prim itif,  diffus,  7ioncirconserit  ou  piar  infil- 
tration, which  occurs  immediately  after  the  divi- 
sion or  rupture  of  an  artery,  and  consists  of  an 
extravasation  of  blood  into  the  areolar  texture 
of  the  part. 

2.  Circumscrihed  False  Aneurism,  (P.)  Anev- 
rysme faux  consecutif  circonscrit  ou  par  e2yanche- 
ment,  enkyste  on  sacciforme,  tumeur  hemorrhagiale 
circonscrite,  in  which  the  blood  issues  from  the 
vessel  some  time  after  the  receipt  of  the  wound, 

i  and  forms  it-self  a  sac  in  the  neighbouring  areolar 
membrane. 

3.  An' eurism  by  Anaatomo'sis,  Var'icose  or  Cir- 
eoid  An'eurism,  PhlebarteriodiaV ysis,  Aneurys'- 
ma  veno' so-arterio' sum,  A.  varico' sum,  (F. )  Anev- 
rysme  par  anastomose  ou  variqueux,  A.  par  ero- 
sion, A.  de  Pott,  A.  des  plus  petites  arteres,  which 

I  arises  from  the  simultaneous  wounding  of  an  ar- 
tery and  vein;  —  the  arterial  blood  passing  into 
the  vein,  and  producing  a  varicose  state  of  it. 

III.  JIixED  Aneurism,  {'¥.)  Anevrysme rnixte,\a 
that  which  arises  from  the  dilatation  of  one  or  two 
of  the  coats,  with  division  or  rupture  of  the  other. 
Some  authors  have  made  two  varieties  of  this  : 

1.  Mixed  external  Aneurism,  where  the  internal 
and  middle  coats  are  ruptured,  and  the  areolar  is 
dilated. 

2.  Mixed  internal  Aneurism,  in  which  the  inter- 
nal coat  is  dilated,  and  protrudes,  like  a  hernial 
sac,  through  the  ruptured  middle  and  outer  coats. 
This  variety  has  been  called  Aneurys' ma  Her' niam 
Arte'ria  sistens. 

Aneurisms  have  been  termed  traumat'ic  or  ex- 
oq" enous,  and  spjonta' neons,  according  as  they  may 
have  been  caused  by  a  wound,  or  have  originated 
spontaneously.  The  latter,  when  originating  froin 
lesions  of  the  inner  coats  of  arteries,  have  been 
termed  endog" enous.  They  have  also  been  di- 
vided into  internal  and  external. 

The  internal  aneurisms  are  situate  in  the  great 
splanchnic  cavities,  and  occur  in  the  heart  and 
great  vessels  of  the  chest,  abdomen,  &c.  Their 
diagnosis  is  difficult,  and  they  are  often  inacces- 
sible to  surgical  treatment. 


ANEURISMA 


62 


ANGEIOPLANIA 


The  external  aneurisms  are  situate  at  the  exte- 
rior of  the  headj  neck,  and  limbs,  and  are  dis- 
tinctly pulsatory. 

Aneurisms,  especially  the  internal,  may  be 
combated  by  a  debilitant  treatment,  on  the  plan 
of  Valsalva,  which  consists  in  repeated  blood- 
letting, with  food  enough  merely  to  support  life. 
In  external  aneurism,  the  artery  can  be  oblite- 
rated. This  is  usually  done  by  applying  a  liga- 
ture above  the  aneurismal  tumour. 

Aneurism,  Dissecting,  is  one  in  which,  owing 
to  rupture  of  the  inner  and  middle  coats  of  an 
artery,  the  blood  makes  itself  a  channel  between 
these  coats  and  the  outer  coat. 

In  many  cases,  the  lesion  appears  to  consist  in 
a  separation  of  the  laminae  of  the  middle  coat, 
between  which  the  blood  forms  itself  a  channel. 

Anedeisjis  of  the  Heart,  Cardion'cM,  Car- 
dieurys'ma,  (F.)  Anevrysmes  du  cceur,  have  been 
divided  into  active  and  passive.  The  former  can 
scarcely  be  esteemed  aneurisms,  as  they  most 
commonly  consist  of  increased  thickness  of  the 
parietes  of  the  heart,  which  diminishes  its  cavity 
instead  of  increasing  it.  The  term  Hy2:iertrophy 
of  the  heart  better  indicates  their  character. 
Passive  aneurism,  Cardiec'tasis,  on  the  contrary, 
is  attended  with  extenuation  of  the  parietes  of 
the  organ,  and  enlargement  of  the  cavities.  The 
physical  signs  of  dilatation,  of  the  heart  are  the 
following : — The  action  of  the  heart  is  not  visible, 
and  no  impulse  is  conveyed  to  the  hand.  On 
percussion,  there  is  a  loss  of  resonance  over  a 
larger  surface  than  usual,  but  the  dulness  is  much 
less  intense  than  that  which  accompanies  hyper- 
trophy. On  auscultation,  the  action  of  the  heart 
is  only  slightly  felt,  and  communicates  at  once 
the  impression  of  its  diminished  power.  The  im- 
pulse is  feebler  than  usual.  Both  sounds  are  widely 
transmitted  over  the  thorax,  and  are  not  much 
fainter  at  a  distance  from  their  point  of  origin. 

Partial  or  true  aneurism  of  the  Heart — C'a7-di- 
ec'tasis  partia'lis,  Aneurys'ma  conseeuti'vum  cor- 
dis— is  sometimes  seen  ;  rarely,  however. 

The  name  Aneurism  of  the  Valves  of  the  Heart 
has  been  given  to  pouch-like  projections  of  the 
valves  into  the  auricles. 

Aneurism  by  Anastomosis,  see  Aneurism  — 
a.  Brasdor's  operation  for,  see  Brasdor  —  a. 
Circoid,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Endogenous,  see 
Aneurism,  and  Endogenous  —  a.  Exogenous, 
see  Aneurism,  and  Exogenous  —  a.  External, 
see  Aneurism  —  a.  False,  see  Aneurism  —  a. 
False,  circumscribed,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  False, 
diffused,  see  Aneurism — a.  Internal,  see  Aneurism 
— a.  Mixed,  see  Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  external, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  internal,  see  Aneurism 
— a.  Spontaneous,  sec  Aneurism — a.  Spurious,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Traumatic,  see  Aneurism — a.  True, 
gee  Aneurism — a.  Valsalva's  method  of  treating, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Varicose,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEURISMA,  Aneurism. 

ANEURIS'MAL,  Aneurys'mal,  Aneurismat'ic, 
Aneurysmat' icus,  Aneurisma'lis.  That  which  be- 
longs to  Aneurism. 

Aneurismal  Sac  or  Cyst,  (F.)  Sac  ou  Kyste 
anevrysnial,  is  a  sort  of  pouch,  formed  by  the 
dilatation  of  the  coats  of  an  artery,  in  which  the 
blood,  forming  the  aneurismal  tumour,  is  con- 
tained. 

ANEURISMATIC,  Aneurismal. 

ANEURYSM,  Aneurism. 

ANEURYSMA,  Aneurism — a.  Cordis  activum. 
Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the  —  a.  Herniam  arteri£e 
sistens,  see  Aneurism — a.  Spurium,  see  Aneurism 
—  a.  Varicosum,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Venoso-arte- 
riosum,  see  Aneurism — a.  Verum,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEUR  YSJIE,  Aneurism. 

ANEURYSMUS,  Aneurism,  Dilatation. 

ANEVRIA,  Paralysis. 


ANEVRYSME,  Aneurism  — n.  de  I'Aorte, 
Aorteurysma — a.  de  Pott,  see  Aneurism — a.  des 
plus petites  Arteres,  see  Aneurism — a.  Girconscrit, 
see  Aneurism  —  or.  Diffus,  see  Aneurism— a.  En- 
kyste,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Faux,  see  Aneurism  — 
a.  Faux  consecutif,  see  Aneurism — a.  Mixte,  see 
Aneurism — a.  par  Anastomose,  see  Aneurism — a. 
piar  Epanchement,  see  Aneurism — a.  par  Erosion, 
see  Aneurism — a.  par  Infiltration,  see  Aneurism 
— a.  Primitif,  see  Aneurism — a.  Saeciforme,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Variqueux,  see  Aneurism — a.  Vrai, 
see  Aneurism. 

ANEYS,  see  Pimpinella  anisum. 

ANFION,  Maslach.  ^     , 

ANFRAGTUOSITES  CEREBRALES,  An- 
fractuosities,  cerebral  —  a.  Ethmo'idales,  see  An- 
fractuosity. 

ANFRACTUOS'ITY,  Anfrac'tus,  Sulcus,  from 
am,  'around,'  andfrangere,fraetum,  'to  break.' 
A  groove  or  furrow.  Used  in  anatomy  to  signify 
sinuous  depressions  or  sulci,  of  greater  or  less 
depth,  like  those  which  separate  the  convolutions 
of  the  brain  from  each  other.     These    ■ 

Anfractuosities,  Cerebral,  An/rac'(iis  Cer'- 
ebri,  (F.)  Anfractuosiies  Cerebrales,  are  always 
narrow,  and  deeper  at  the  upper  surface  of  the 
brain  than  at  its  base ;  and  are  lined  by  a  pro- 
longation of  the  pia  mater. 

The  Ethmoid  Cells  are,  sometimes,  called  An- 
fractuosites  ethmo'idales. 

ANFRACTUS,  Anfractuosity— a.  Cerebri,  An- 
fractuosities,  (cerebral.) 

ANGECTASIA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIAL,  Vascular. 

ANGEIECTASIA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIECTASIS,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIECTOMA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIOG'RAPHY,  Amjioy'rajihy,  Angeio- 
graph'ia,  from  ayyeiov,  '  a  vessel,'  and  Ypa<pri,  '  a 
description.'     The  anatomy  of  the  vessels. 

ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY,  Angiohydrog'- 
raphy,  Angeiondrog'rapjhy,  Angeiohydrogro.'phin, 
Hydrangiograph' ia,{Tom  ayyetov,  'a  vessel,'  'vSiap, 
'water,'  and  ypatpu),  'I  describe.'  A  treatise  on 
the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOHYDROT'OMY,  Angiohydrot'omy, 
Angeiondrot'omy,  Angeiohydrctom'ia,  Hydran- 
giotom'ia,  from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  'v&oip,  'water,' 
and  Ttpvtiv,  '  to  cut.'  Dissection  of  the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS,  Angioleuci'tis,  ' Angio- 
lymphi'tis,  Lymphange'i'tis,  Lymphangi'tis,  Lym- 
phangio'i'tis,  Hydrangei'tis,  Lymphi'tis,  Lympha- 
ti'tis,  Inflamma'tio  vaso'rum  lymjjhatico'rum ,  from 
ayyetov, '  a  vessel,'  Aeukoj,  '  white,'  and  itis,  inflam- 
mation. (F.j  Inflammation  des  vaisseaitx  lympha- 
tiques  ou  des  tissus  blancs.  Inflammation  of  the 
lymphatics ;  lymphatic  or  scrofulous  inflamma- 
tion. 

ANGEIOL'OGY,  Angiol'ogy,  Angeiolog"ia, 
from  ayytiov,  'a  vessel,'  and  \oyog,  'a  discourse.' 
A  discourse  on  the  vessels.  The  anatomy  of  the 
vessels.  It  includes  Arteriol'ogy,  Phlebol'ogy, 
and  Angeiohydrol'ogy. 

ANGEIOMALA'CIA,  Angiomala'cia,  from 
ayyetov,  '  a  vessel,'  and  /xa^aKta,  '  softening.'  Mol- 
lescence  or  softening  of  vessels. 

ANGEIOMYCES,  Haematodes  fungus. 

ANGEION,  Vessel. 

ANGEIONDROGRAPHY,  Angeiohydrogra- 
phy. 

ANGEIONDROTOMY,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

ANGEIONOSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGEIONUSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGEIOPATHI'A,  Angiopathi' a,  Angeion'- 
osus,  Angeionu'sus,  Angio'sis,  from  ayyetov,  '  a 
vessel,'  and  irados,  'a  disease.'  Disease  of  the 
vessels. 

ANGEIO'PLA''NIA,  Angiopla'nia,fTomayyciov, 


ANGEIOPLEROSIS 


63 


ANGINA 


'  a  vessel,'  and  irXavj?,  '  error.'     Anomaly  in  the 
structure  and  distribution  of  vessels. 
ANGEIOPLEROSIS,  Plethora. 
ANGEIOPYRA,  Synocha. 
ANGEIORRHAGIA,  Hsmorrhagia  activa. 
ANGEIORRHCE'A,    Angiorrhce'a,    (F.)    An- 
geiorrhee ;  from  ayyi-iov,  'a,  vessel/  and  ptoi,  'I 
flow.'     Passive  hemorrhage. 
ANGEIOSIS,  Angiosis. 
ANGEIOSTBGNOSIS,  Angiemphrasis. 
ANGEIOSTENOSIS,  Angiemphrasis. 
ANGEIOSTEO'SIS,  Angiosto'ais  from  ayytiov, 
'a  vessel/ and  oarewais,  'ossification.'     Ossifica- 
'  lion  of  vessels. 

ANGEIOSTROPHE,  see  Torsion. 
ANGEIOTELECTASIA,  Telangiectasia. 
ANGEIOT'OMT,    Angiot'omy,    Angeiotom'ia, 
from    ayytiov,   '  a   vessel/  and   Ttjivuv,  '  to    cut.' 
Dissection  of  vessels. 

ANGEI'TIS,  Angi'i'tia,  Angioi'tis,  Inflamma'- 
tio  vaso'rmn,  (F.)  Angeite,  from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel/ 
and  iti8,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  vessels  in  general. 

ANGEL-BREAD.  A  kind  of  purgative  cake, 
formerly  made  of  spurge,  ginger,  flour  and  oat- 
meal.— Halliwell. 

ANGELIC  ROOT,  Angelica  lucida. 
ANGEL'ICA,  Angel'iea  Archangel' ica  sen 
Hispa'na  seu  Sati'va,  Archangel' ica  officina'lis, 
Garden  Angelica,  (F.)  Angelique,  Racine  de  Saint 
Esprit.  So  called  from  its  supposed  angelic  vir- 
tues. Ord.  Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria 
Digynia.  Native  of  Lapland.  The  roots,  stalk, 
leaves,  and  seed,  are  aromatic  and  carminative. 
A  sweetmeat  is  made  of  the  root,  which  is 
agreeable. 
Angelica  Archangelica,  Angelica. 
Angelica  Ateopurpu'eea,  Angelica  (Ph. 
TJ.  S.),  Blasterioort.  An  indigenous  species,  grow- 
ing over  the  whole  United  States,  and  admitted 
into  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States.  Virtues,  same  as  those  of 
the  Angelica  of  Europe. 

Angelica  Levisticum,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 
Angelica    Lu'cida,  Angel'ic    root,    Bellyache 
root,  Nendo,  White  root,  an  indigenous  plant,  the 
root   of  which   is    bitterish,  subacrid,    fragrant, 
aromatic,  stomachic,  and  tonic.   Also,  Ligusticum 
actseifolium. 
Angelica  Nendo,  Ligusticum  actseifolium. 
Angelica  Officinalis,  Imperatoria — a.  Palu- 
dapifolia,  Ligusticum  levisticum — a.  Sativa,  An- 
gelica, A.  sylvestris. 

Angelica  Sylves'tris,  A.  sati'va,  Sdi'mim 
Sylves'tre  seu  Angel'iea  seu  Pubes'cens,  Iinpera- 
to'ria  Sylves'tris  seu  Angelica,  Wild  Angel'iea, 
(F.)  Angelique  sauvage.  Possesses  similar  pro- 
perties to  the  last,  but  in  an  inferior  degree.  The 
seeds,  powdered  and  put  into  the  hair,  are  used 
to  destroy  lice.  Also,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 
Angelica  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 
ANGELI'N^  CORTEX.  The  bark  of  a 
Grenada  tree,  which  has  been  recommended  as 
anthelmintic  and  cathartic. 

ANGELIQUE,  Angelica. — a.  Sauvage,  Angel- 
ica sylvestris. 

ANGELOCACOS,  Myrobalanus. 

ANGEMPHRAXIS,  Angiemphraxis. 

ANGIAIRHYDRIE,  Asphyxia  by  submer- 
sion. ^ 

ANGIARHEMIE,  Heemoptysis. 

ANGTARRHAGIE.  Hsemoptysis. 

ANGIBROMELMINTHIE,  Worms  (intes- 
tinal). 

ANGICHOLOLITHE,  Calculi,  biliary. 

ANGIDIECTASIA,  Trichangiectasia. 

ANGIDIOSPONGUS,  Htematodes  fungus. 


ANGIECTASIA  VENOSA,  Varix. 
ANGIEC'TASIS,  Angeiecta'sia,  Angecta'sia, 
Angieurys'ma,  Angeiecto'ma,  Angiodias'tasis,  from 
ayyuov,  '  a  vessel,' and  t/cruo-i?,  '  dilatation.' Dila- 
tation of  vessels.  —  Grafe  and  Alibert.  See 
Telangiectasia. 

ANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Angemphrax'is,  Angei- 
oateno'sis,  Angeiostegno' sis,  from  ayyciov,  '  a  ves- 
sel,'and  s/x^pa^ij,  '  obstruction.'  Obstruction  of 
vessels. 

ANGIEURTSMA,  Angiectasis. 
ANGIITE,  Inflammation,  Angeitis. 
ANGIITIS,  Angeitis. 

ANGI'NA,  Fehris  Angino' sa,  lethmi'tis,  Quin- 
sy or  Sore  Throat;  from  angere,  'to  choke.' 
Inflammation  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  portion 
of  the  alimentary  canal,  and  of  the  air  passages. 
The  Latin  writers  applied  the  term  to  every  dis- 
ease in  which  deglutition  or  respiration,  sepa- 
rately or  united,  was  affected,  provided  that  such 
affection  was  above  the  stomach  and  lungs. — 
Boerhave  speaks  of  the  angina  of  the  moribund, 
which  is  nothing  more  than  the  dysphagia  or 
difBcult  deglutition  preceding  death.  See  Cy- 
nanche. 

Angina  Aphthosa,  Aphthae — a.  Aquosa,  (Ede- 
ma of  the  glottis — a.  Bronchialis,  Bronchitis — a. 
Canina,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Cordis,  Angina 
pectoris — a.  cum  Tumoxe,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — 
a.  Epidemica,  Cynanche  maligna — a.  Epiglot- 
tidea.  Epiglottitis — a.  Erysipelatosa,  Erythranche 
a.  Exsudatoria, Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Externa, 
Cynanche  parotidsea — a.  Faucium,  Isthmitis — a. 
Faucium  Maligna,  Cynanche  maligna — a.  FoUi- 
culosa  of  the  pharynx.  Pharyngitis,  follicular — 
a.  Gangraenosa,  Cynanche  maligna — a.  Humida, 
Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Inflammatoria,  Cynan- 
che, Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Laryngea,  Laryn- 
gitis— a.  Laryngea  Qildematosa,  (Edema  of  the 
glottis — a.  Linguaria,  Glossitis — a.  Maligna,  An- 
gina pellicularis,  Cynanche  maligna.  Pharyngitis, 
diphtheritic — a.  Maxillaris,  Cynanche  parotidasa 
—  a.  Membranacea,  Cynanche  trachealis — a. 
Mitis,  Isthmitis. 

Angi'na  Nasa'lis,  Nasi'tis  posti'ca.  An  in- 
flammation of  the  posterior  portion  of  the  Schnei- 
derian  membrane  lining  the  nose.  Also,  Coryza. 
Angi'na  (Edemato'sa,  (F.)  Angine  oedema- 
teuse,  (Edeme  de  la  Glotte.  An  oedematous  swell- 
ing of  the  glottis,  the  effect  of  chronic  cynanche 
laryngea.     See  (Edema  of  the  Glottis. 

Angina  Palatina,  Hyperoitis — a.  Paralytica, 
Pharyngoplegia — a.  Parotidsea  Externa,  Cynan- 
che parotida3a. 

Angi'na  Pec'toris,  A.  cordis,  Sternal'gia, 
Asthma  spastico-arthrit'icum  incon'stans,  Asthma 
diaphragmat'icum,  Arthri'tis  diaphragmatica, 
Orthopnoe' a  cardi'aca,  Sternodyn'ia  ST/ncop'tica 
et  pril'pitans,  S.  syncopa'lis,  Cardiog'mus  cordis 
sinis'tri,  Astheni'a  pectora'lis,  Angor  j>^<^'tori8, 
Stenocar'dia,  Diapihragmat'ic  gout.  Asthma  con- 
vidsi'vum.  Asthma  arthritieum,  CardioneuraV gia, 
Neiiral'gia  hrachiothorac"  ica,  Hyjyeroisthe'sia. 
plexus  cardi'aci,  A.  dolorif'icum,  Syncope  angi- 
no'sa  seu  angens,  Oardiod'yne  spasmod'ica  inter- 
mit'tens,  Pnigopho'bia,  Prunel'la,  Snspir'ium 
cardi'acum,  Pneumonal'gia,  Snff'ocative  Breast- 
pang,  (F.)  Angine  de  Poitrine,  Nevrose  du  Gceur. 
A  disease,  the  precise  pathology  of  which  is  not 
known.  The  principal  symptoms  are,  violent 
pain  about  the  sternum,  extending  towards  the 
arms,  anxiety,  dyspnoea,  and  sense  of  suffoca- 
tion. It  is  an  affection  of  great  danger,  and  is 
often  connected  with  ossification,  or  other  morbid 
condition  of  the  heart.  It  appears  to  be  neuropa- 
thic, and  has  been  termed  Neuralgia  of  the  Heart. 
Some,  however,  employ  this  last  term  for  an 
acutely  painful  intermittent  affection  of  the  heart, 
which  seems  to  difi'er  from  angina  pectoris  pc'i*-s 


ANGINE   GUTTURALS 


64 


ANGONE 


\n  regard  to  the  small  number  of  parts  wliicli  are 
drawn  into  morbid  consent  with  the  affected  car- 
diac nerves,  than  in  regard  either  to  its  nature 
or  apiiropriate  treatment.  The  most  powerful 
stimulating  and  narcotic  antispasmodics  are  re- 
quired during  the  paroxysm. 

Angi'na  Pellicdla'ris,  a.  malig'na,  Dipthe- 
ri'tis  of  the  throat.  A  name  given  to  those  in- 
flammations about  the  throat,  in  which  exuda- 
tions or  false  membranes  are  thrown  out  during 
the  phlogosis  of  the  mucous  membranes.  Aphthm, 
Tracheitis,  when  accompanied  with  the  membra- 
niform  exudation,  are,  with  some,  examples  of 
diphtheritic  inflammation. 

Angina  Perniciosa,  Cynanche  traehealis — a. 
Pestilentialis,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic — a.  Poly- 
posa,  Cynanche  traehealis — a.  Polyposaseu  Mem- 
branacea,  Cynnnche  traehfealis — a.  Pseudo-mem- 
branosa,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic  —  a.  Pulposa, 
Cynanche  traehealis — a.  Sanguinea,  Cynanche 
tonsillaris. 

Angina  Sicca,  (F.)  Angine  Seche,  is  a  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  pharynx,  with  a  distressing 
sense  of  dryness  and  heat,  in  chronic  diseases  of 
the  stomach  and  lungs.  See  Paedanchone. 
Angina  Simplex,  Isthmitis. 
Angina  Squiero'sa,  (F.)  Angine  squirrense, 
consists  in  difiiculty  of  deglutition,  caused  by 
scirrhous  disorganization  .of  the  pharynx  or  oeso- 
phagus, or  by  enlarged  tonsils. 

Angina  Strangulatoria,  Cynanche  traehe- 
alis— a.  Strepitosa,  Cynanche  traehealis — a.  Suf- 
focatoria,  Cynanche  traehealis  —  a.  Synochalis, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris^a.  Thyreoidea,  Thyreoitis 
—  a.  Tonsillaris,  Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  a.  Tra- 
ehealis, Cynanche  traehealis  —  a.  Ulcerosa,  Cy- 
nanche maligna  —  a.  Uvularis,  Staphyloedema, 
Uvulitis  —  a.  Vera  et  Legitima,.  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ANGINE  GUTTURALE,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris—  a.  Laryngee,  Larj'ngitis  —  a.  Laryngee  et 
trackeale,  Cynanche  traehealis — a.  Laryngee  eede- 
wateuse,  (Edema  of  the  glottis — a.  CEsopjhagienne, 
Gilsophagitis — a.Pharyngee,  Cynanche  parotidfea 
— a.  de  Poitrine,  Angina  pectoris — a.  Seche,  An- 
gina sicca — a.  Simple,  Isthmitis — a.  Squirr-ense, 
Angina  Squirrosa — a.  Tonsillaire,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ANGINE UX,  Anginose. 

ANGl'SO'S'E,  Angino'siis,  (F.)  Angineux.    Re 
lating  or  appertaining  tc  angina;  as  Scarlati'na 
angino'sa. 

AiS^'GIOCAE.DrTIS,  from  ayytiov,  'a  vessel,' 
and  carditis,   '  inflammation  of  the  heart.'     In- 
flammation of  the  heart  and  great  vessels. 
ANGIODIASTASIS,  Angiectasis. 
ANGIOGRAPHY,  Angeiography. 
ANGIOHEMIE,  Hyperemia. 
ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY,    Angeiohydrogra- 

ANGIOHYDROTOMY,  Angeiobydrotomy. 
ANGIOITIS,  Aneeitis. 
■     ANGIOLEUCITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 
ANGIOLOGY.  Angeiology. 
ANGIOLYMPHITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 
AXGIOMALACIA,  Angeiomalacia. 
ANGIOMTCES,  Hsematodes  fungus. 
ANGIONOSUS,  Angeiopathia. 
ANGIONUSUS,  Angeiopathia. 
ANGIOPATHIA,  Angeiopathia. 
ANGIOPLANIA,  Angeioplania. 
ANGIOPLEROSIS,  Plethora. 
ANGIOPYRA,  Synocha. 
ANGIORRHAGIA,  Hsemorrhagia  activa. 
-    ANGIORRHCEA,  Angeiorrhoea. 
ANGIOSIS.  Ansriopathia. 
ANGI03TEGNOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 
ANGIOSTENOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 
ANGIOSTOSIS,  Angeiostosis. 


ANGIOSTROPHE,  see  Torsion. 

ANGIOTELECTASIA,  Telangiectasia. 

AXGIOTEN'IC,  Angeiofen'ic,  Angioten'icua 
seu  Angeioten'icus,  from  ayyeiov,  '  a  vessel,'  and 
reivsiv,  '  to  extend.'  An  epithet  given  to  inflam- 
matcry  fever,  owing  to  its  action  seeming  to  be 
chiefly  exerted  on  the  vascular  system. 

ANGIOTOMY,  Angeiotomy. 

ANGLE,  An'guhis,  from  ayictiXoj,  'a  hook.' 
The  space  between  two  lines  which  megt  in  a 
point. 

Angle,  Fa'cial,  pointed  out  by  Camper,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  two  lines,  one  of  which- 
is  drawn  from  the  most  prominent  part  of  the 
forehead  to  the  alveolar  edge  of  the  upper  jaw, 
opposite  the  incisor  teeth — the  facial  line — and 
the  other  from  the  meatus  auditorius  externus  to 
the  same  point  of  the  jaw.  According  to  the 
size  of  the  angle  it  has  been  attempted  to  appre- 
ciate the  respective  proportions  of  the  cranium 
and  face,  and,  to  a  certain  extent,  the  degree  of 
intelligence  of  individuals  and  of  animals.  In 
the  white  varieties  of  the  species,  this  angle  is 
generally  80° ;  in  the  negro  not  more  than  70°, 
and  sometimes  only  65°.  As  we  descend  the 
scale  of  animals,  the  angle  becomes  less  and  less  ; 
until,  in  fishes,  it  nearly  or  entirely  disappears. 
Animals  which  have  the  snout  long,  and  facial 
angle  small,  such  as  the  snipe,  crane,  stork,  &c., 
are  proverbially  foolish,  at  least  they  are  so 
esteemed;  whilst  intelligence  is  ascribed  to  those 
in  which  the  angle  is  more  largely  developed,  as 
the  elephant  and  the  owl.  In  these  last  animals, 
however,  the  large  facial  angle  is  caused  by  the 
size  of  the  frontal  sinuses  : — so  that  this  mode  of 
appreciating  the  size  of  the  brain  is  very  inexact, 
and  cannot  be  depended  upon. 

The  following  is  a  table  of  the  angle  in  man 
and  certain  animals  : 

FACIAL  ANGLES. 

Man from  68°  to  88°  and  more. 

Sapajou 65 

Orang-Utang 56  to  58 

Guenon  67 

Mandrill 30  to  42 

Coati 28 

PoleCat 31 

Pug-Dog 35 

Mastiff 41 

Hare 30 

Ram 30 

Horse 23 

Angle,  Occipital,  op  Daubenton,  is  formed 
by  a  line  drawn  from  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
foramen  magnum  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the 
orbit,  and  another  drawn  from  the  top  of  the 
head  to  the  space  between  the  occipital  condyles. 
In  man,  these  condyles,  as  well  as  the  foramen 
magnum,  are  so  situate,  that  a  line  drawn  per- 
pendicular to  them  would  be  a  continuation  of 
the  spine ;  but  in  animals  they  are  placed  more 
or  less  obliquely  ;  and  the  perpendicular  is  ne- 
cessarily thrown  farther  forward,  and  the  angle 
rendered  more  acute. 

Angle,  Optic,  (F.)  Angle  optique,  is  the  angle 
formed  by  two  lines,  which  shave  the  extremities 
of  an  object,  and  meet  at  the  centre  of  the  pupil. 

ANGNAIL,  Hangnail. 

ANGOISSE,  Angor. 

ANGOLAM.  A  very  tall  Malabar  tree,  which 
possesses  vermifuge  properties. 

AN'GONE,  properly  An'chone,  from  ayx^',  '1 
choke.'  Anad'roine,  Hysterapopnix'is,  Hys'tero- 
pnix,  Prcefoca'tio  Fau'cinm  seu  Uteri'na  seu 
Matri'cis,  Strangala'tio  uteri'na,  Suffoca'tio  ute- 
ri'na seu  hyster'ica,  Globus  seu  Nodus  hysfer'ieus, 
Orthopnoe'a  hyster'ica,  Dyspha'gia  globo'sa  seu 
hyster'ica,  Nervous  Quinsy.  A  feeling  of  strangu- 
lation, with  dread  of  sufi"ocation.     It  is  common 


ANGOR 


65 


ANIMAL 


in  hysterical  females,  and  is  accompanied  with  a 
sensation  as  if  a  ball  arose  from  the  abdomen  to 
the  thrcdC. 

ANGOR,  Anguish,  (F.)  Angoisse.  Extreme 
anxiety,  accompanied  with  painful  constriction 
at  the  epigastrium,  and  often  with  palpitation 
and  oppression.  It  is  frequently  aa  unfavour- 
able symptom. 

Angor,  Agony,  Orthopnoea — a.  Faucium,  Isth- 
mitis — a.  Pectoris,  Angina  pectoris. 

ANGOS.  Bubo,  Uterus,  Vessel. 

ANGOSTURE  YRAIE,  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

ANGOURION,  Cucumis  sativus. 

ANGUIS,  Serpent. 

ANGUISH,  Angor. 

Anguish,  Febrile,  Angor  Fehri' lis.  The  com- 
bination of  weariness,  pain,  anxiety,  and  weak- 
ness affecting  the  head  and  neck,  which  is  so  ge- 
nerally observed  at  the  commencement  of  fever. 

ANGULAIRE  BE  L'OMOPLATE,  Levator 
scapulae. 

AN'GULAH,  Angula'ris,  from  angulus,  'an 
angle,'  (F.)  Angulaire.  That  which  relates  to 
an  angle. 

Angular  Artery  and  Vein.  A  name  given, 
1.  to  the  termination  of  the  facial  artery  and 
vein,  because  they  pass  by  the  greater  angle  of 
the  eye ;  and,  2.  to  the  facial  artery  and  vein 
themselves,  because  they  pass  under  the  angle 
of  the  jaw.     Sec  Facial. 

Angular  Nerve  is  a  filament  furnished  by 
the  inferior  maxillary,  which  passes  near  the 
greater  angle  of  the  eye. 

Angular  Processes  of  the  frontal  bone  are 
seated  near  the  angles  of  the  eyes.     See  Orbitar. 

ANGULARIS,  Levator  scapulse. 

ANG  ULI-  SOAP  UL  0  -  HUMERAL,  Teres 
major. 

ANGULUS  COST^,  see  Costa  — a.  Ocularis, 
Canthus. 

ANGURIA.  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

ANGUSTATIO,  Arctatio— a.  Cordis,  Systole— 
a.  Intestini  recti  vel  Ani,  Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

ANGUS'TIA,  Angusta'tio,  Stenocho'ria.  Anx- 
iety, narrowness,  strait,  constriction. 

Angustia  Abdominalis,  Pelvis,  (Brim)  —  a. 
Perinaealis,  Pelvis,  (Outlet.) 

ANGUSTURA,  Cusparia  febrifuga— a.  False, 
Brucea  antidysenterica,  and  Strychnos  nux  vo- 
mica—  a.  Spuria,  Brucea  antidysenterica,  and 
Strychnos. 

ANGUSTURE,  FAUSSE,  Brucea  antidysen- 
terica—  Of.  Ferrugineuse,  Brucea  antidysenterica 
— a.  Vraie,  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

ANGUSTURINE,  Brucine. 

ANH^MATOSIA,  Asphyxia,  Anemia. 

ANH^MIA,  Anemia. 

ANHAPHIA,  Anaphia. 

ANHELA'TIO,  from  anhelo,  '1  pant.'  An- 
Jiel'itns,  Aas'mus,  Panting,  Gasping,  Anhelation, 
(Sc.)  Hech,  Hegh,  (Prov.)  Gian,  Kawing,  Peck- 
ing, (F.)  Essonfflement.  Short  and  rapid  breath- 
ing,    See  Dyspnoea. 

Anhelatio  is  sometimes  employed  synony- 
mously with  asthma. 

ANHELITUS,  Breath. 

ANHEMATOSIE,  Ansemia,  Asphyxia. 

ANHEMIE,  Anajmia. 

ANHIS'TOUS,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  'icto?, 
'organic  texture,' 'Anor^'ajiic'  Amor'phus.  The 
tunica  decidua  uteri  is  termed  by  Velpeau  the 
aiihistoiis  membrane. 

ANHUIBA,  Laurus  sassafras. 

ANHYDR^'MIA,  Ancemijd'ria,  from  av,  pri- 
vative, 'v&ioQ,  '  water,'  and  'aijia,  '  blood.'  A  con- 
dition of  the  blood  in  which  there  is  a  diminution 
in  the  quantity  of  the  serum. 

ANHYDROMYEL'IA,  from   av,  priv.,   'vii^p, 


'water,'  and  fivcKog,  'marrow.'  Deficiency  or 
absence,  in  the  spinal  cavity,  of  the  cephalo-spi- 
nal  fluid. 

ANICE'TON,  Amce'twm,  Mesia'mum,  from  a, 
privative,  and  MKn,  'victory,'  'invincible.'  A 
plaster  much  extolled  by  the  ancients  in  cases 
of  achores.  It  was  formed  of  litharge,  cerusse, 
thus,  alum,  turpentine,  white  pepper,  and  oil. 

A N I'D  E  US,  from  av,  privative,  and  ci&og, 
'shape.'  Aniorphus.  A  monster  devoid  of  shape. 
—.1.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

ANIDRO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  'tSpojs, 
'sweat.'  Sudo'ris  nul'litas  vel  priva'tio.  Ab- 
sence of  sweat.  Deficiency  of  perspiration.  — 
Hippocrates. 

ANILEMA,  Borborygmus,  Tormina. 

ANILESIS,  Borborygmus,  Tormina. 

ANILITAS,  see  Dementia. 

AN'IMA,  An'imus,  Mens,  Psyche.  The  mind, 
breath,  &c.,  from  avefiog,  'wind  or  breath.'  (F.) 
Ame.  The  principle  of  the  intellectual  and  moral 
manifestations.  Also,  the  principle  of  life  —  the 
life  of  plants  being  termed  An'ima  vegetati'va, 
(F.)  Ame  vegetative  ,•  that  of  man,  An'ima  sensi- 
ti'va,  (F.)  Ame  sensitive. 

The  Anima  of  Stahl,  An'ima  Stahlia'na,  was  a 
fancied  intelligent  principle,  which  he  supposed 
to  preside  over  the  phenomena  of  life,  —  like  the 
Archceus  of  Van  Helmont. 

Under  the  terra  Anima  mundi,  the  ancient  phi- 
losophers meant  a  universal  Spirit,  which  they 
supposed  spread  over  every  part  of  the  uni- 
verse. 

The  precise  seat  of  the  mind  in  the  brain  has 
given  rise  to  many  speculations.  The  point  is 
unsettled. 

With  the  ancient  chemists,  Anima  meant  the 
active  principle  of  a  drug  separated  by  some 
chemical  management. 

Anima  Aloes  :  see  Aloes  Succotorina — a.  Ar- 
ticulorum,  Hermodactylus — a.  Hepatis,  Ferri  sul- 
phas—  a.  Pulmonum,  Crocus  —  a.  Rhei,  Infusum 
rhei  —  a.  Stahliana,  see  Anima  —  a.  Vegetativa, 
Plastic  force. 

AN'IMAL,  Zodn.  A  name  given  to  every 
animated  being.  Most  animals  have  the  power 
of  locomotion ;  some  can  merely  execute  par- 
tial movements,  such  as  contraction  .and  dila- 
tation. In  other  respects  it  is  often  a  matter 
of  difiiculty  to  determine  what  is  an  animal 
characteristic.  The  study  of  animals  is  called 
ZodVogy. 

An'imal,  Anima'lis.  That  which  concerns,  or 
belongs  to,  an  animal. 

Animal  Heat,  Color  anima'lis  seu  nati'vus, 
Cal'idum  anima'le  seu  inna'tum,  Biolych'nion, 
Flam' mula  vita'lis,  Therma  eni'phytum,  Thermum 
em'phytum,  Ignis  anima'lis  seu  natura'lis  seu 
vita'lis,  (F.)  Chaleur  animate,  is  the  caloric  con- 
stantly formed  by  the  body  of  a  living  animal, 
by  virtue  of  which  it  preserves  nearly  the  same 
temperature,  whatever  may  be  that  of  the  me- 
dium in  which  it  is  placed.  This  formation 
seems  to  take  place  over  the  whole  of  the  body, 
and  to  be  connected  with  the  action  of  nutrition. 

The  following  are  the  natural  temperatures  of 
certain  animals  j  that  of  man  being  98°  or  100°. 

Animals.  Temperatun. 

Arctic  Fox 107 

Arctic  Wolf. ■)  .^, 

Squirrel /  ^"° 

Hare )  ,,. 

Whale I  10* 

Arctomys  citillus,  zizil  —  in  summer. 103 

Do.                when  torpid 80  to  84 

Goat 103 

Bat,  in  summer )  ,„„ 

Musk /  ^"- 

Marmota  bobac — Bobac 101  or  102 

House  mouse. 101 


ANIMALCULA 


66 


ANISOTACHYS 


Animals.  Temperatur  . 

Arctomys  marmota,  marmot,— in  summer...  1^1  or  102 
Do.  when  torpid. 


43 


Rabbit : r. ^'^^n^°* 

Polar  Bear •••        -^"^ 

Dog j 

i^^e:::;:::::::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::":::"::""  \  loo  *«  ^s 

Sheep 

Ox  J 

Guinea-pig 100  to  102 

Arctomys  glis 

Shrew ~ 

Young  wolf ■■■ 

Fringilla  artiea,  Arctic  finch j. 

Jlubecola,  redftreosi J 

Fringilla  linaria,  lesser  redpoll 110  or  111 

Falco  pulumbarius,  goshawk | 

Caprimulgus  Europteus,  European  goat-  > 

sucker ) 

Emberiza  nivalis,  snow-bunting 109  to  IIU 


99 


111 


100 


109 


108 


107 


Falco  lanarius.  lanner 

Fringilla  carduelis,  goldfinch 

Corvus  corax,  raven 

Turdus,  thrush,  (of  Ceylon,) 

Tetrao  perdix,  partridge 

Anas  clypeata,  sJioveler 

Tringa  pugnax,  ruffe 

Scolopax  limosa,  lesser  godwit 

Tetrao  tetrix,  grouse 

Fringilla  brumalis,  winterfinch 

Loxia  pyrrhula 

Falco  nisus,  sparrowhawk 

Vultur  barbatus 

Anser  pulchricoUis 

Colymbus  auritus,  dusky  grebe 

Tringa  vanellus,  lapiving,  wounded 

Tetrao  lagopus,  ptarmisrara , 

Fringilla  domestica,  Tioiise  sparrow lOi   to  111 

Strix  passerina,  Kffle  owl 

Haematopus  ostralegus,  sea-pie 

Anas  penelope,  widgeon >         lOG 

Anas  strepera,  gadwall.... 

Pelecanus  carbo 

Falco  ossifragus,  sea-eagle, 

Fulica  atra,  coot )-         105 

Anas  acuta,  pintail-dtick, 

Falco  milvuB,  kite,  (wounded,) \         jqI 

Merops  apiaster,  bee-e-ater f 

Goose 

H(ni I.  103  to  10 

Dove 

Duck 

Ardea  stellaris 

Falco  albicollis 

Pieus  major 

Cossus  ligniperda 

Shark 

Torpedo  marmorata 


103 

)  to  91 
83 
74 


Animal  Kingdom,  (F.)  Begne  Animal,  com- 
prises all  animated  beings. 

Animal  Layer,  see  Tache  emhryonnaire  —  a. 
Magnetism,  see  Magnetism,  animal. 

ANIMALCULA  SEMINALIA,  Spermatozoa 
— a.  Spermatica,  Spermatozoa. 

ANIMAL'CULE,  Animal' euluin  ;  diminutive 
of  animal.  A  small  animal.  An  animal  well 
seen  only  by  means  of  the  microscope. 

ANIMALCULES,  SEMINAL,  Spermatozoa — 
a.  Spermatic,  Spermatozoa. 

ANIMALCULISM,  Spermatism. 
ANIMAL'CULIST,  An' imalint.  One  who  at- 
tempts to  explain  different  physiological  or  pa- 
thological phenomena  by  means  of  animalcules. 
One  who  believes  that  the  embryo  is  formed  from 
the  so-called  spermatic  animalcules  —  sperm'atist, 
sem'inist, 

ANIMAL'CULOVISM,    Animalctdovism'- 
iis,  from  animalculum  and  ovum.     The  doctrine, 
now  universal,   which  maintains  that   the   new 
being  is  formed  by  the  concourse  of  the  sperma- 
tic animalcule  or  spermatozoid  with  the  ovum. 
ANIMALCULUM,  Animalcule. 
ANIMALIST,  Animalculist. 
ANIMAL'ITY,  Animal'itas,    (F.)    Anim.alite. 
The  aggregate  of  qualities  which  distinguish  that 
which^fs  animated.     That  which  constitutes  the 
animal. 


ANIMALIZA'TION,  Animalisa'lio.  The 
transformation  of  the  nutritive  parts  of  food  into 
the  living  substance  of  the  body  to  be  nourished. 
Assimilation. 

To  AN'IMATE,  Anima're.  To  unite  the  liv- 
ing principle  with  an  organized  body.  The 
French  use  it  in  the  sense  of, — to  excite  or  render 
active;  as,  animer  un  vesicatoire :  to  excite  a 
blister  to  suppurate. 

ANIMATIO,  Animation — a.  Foetfis,  see  Quick- 
ening. 

ANIMA'TION,  Zoo'siSfAnima'tio,  from  anirnu, 
'the  soul  or  mind.'  The  act  of  animating.  The 
state  of  being  enlivened. 

Animation,  Suspended,  Asphyxia. 
AN'IME,  Gum  an'ime,  Amina'a,  Gummi  an'- 
ime,  Can'camum,  Can'camy.  A  resin  obtained 
from  the  trunk  of  Hymen'ma,  cour'baril.  Ord. 
Fabaceae.  It  has  been  given  as  a  cephalic  and 
uterine.  It  is  not  used.  The  plant  is  also  called 
Cotir'  baril. 

ANIME,    (F.)      An   epithet    applied    to    the 
countenance,  when  florid,  in  health  or  disease. 
ANIME LL^,  Parotid. 

ANIMI  CASUS  SUBITUS,  Syncope— a.  De- 
liquium,  Syncope — a.  Pathemata,  Passions. 
ANIMISM,  see  Animist. 

AN'IMIST,  from  anima,  'the  soul.'  One  who, 
following  the  example  of  Stahl,  refers  all  the 
phenomena  of  the  animal  ecomony  to  the  soul, 
Aii'imism.  ~~ 

The  soul,  according  to  Stahl,  is  the  immediate 
and  intelligent  agent  of  every  movement,  and  of 
every  material  change  in  the  body.  Stahl  there- 
fore concluded,  that  disease  is  nothing  more 
than  a  disturbance  or  disorder  in  the  government 
of  the  economy,  or  an  effort  by  which  the  soul, 
attentive  to  every  morbific  cause,  endeavours  to 
expel  whatever  may  be  deranging  the  habitual 
order  of  health.  See  Stahlianism. 
ANIMUS,  Anima,  Breath. 
ANIRID'IA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  ipts,  ipiSos  'the 
iris.'     Absence  of  the  iris. 

ANIS,  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Aigre,  Cuminum 
Cyminum — a.  de  la  Chine,  lUicium  anisatum — a. 
JDovx,  Anethum — a.  Etoili,  Illicium  anisatum. 

ANISA'TUM,  from  Anisum, '  Anise.'  A  sort 
of  medicated  wine,  formerly  prepared  with  honey, 
wine  of  Ascalon,  and  aniseed. 

ANISCALPTOR,  Latissimus  dorsi. 
ANISCHURIA,  Enuresis. 
ANISE,  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Star,  Illicium 
anisatum,  I.  Floridanum  —  a.  Tree,  Florida,  Illi- 
cium Floridanum — a.  Tree,  yellow-flowered,  Illi- 
cium anisatum. 

ANISEED,  see  Pimpinella  anisum. 
ANISEMA    DRACONTIUM,    Arum   dracon- 
tium. 

ANISI  SEMINA,  see  Pimpinella  anisum. 
ANISO'DUS  LU'RIDUS,  Nican'dra  anom'- 
ala,  Phy'salis  stramo'nium,  Whitley'a  stramo'ni- 
folia.  A  plant  of  Nepal,  possessed  of  narcotic 
properties,  and  resembling  belladonna  and  to- 
bacco. It  dilates  the  pupil,  and  is  used  in  dis- 
eases of  the  eye  like  belladonna.  It  is  given  in 
alcoholic  tincture  {dried  leaves  §j  to  alcohol 
f^viij).  Dose,  20  drops  internally  in  the  24  hours. 
ANISOPHTLLUM  IPECACUANHA,  Eu- 
phorbia Ipecacuanha. 

ANISOS'THENES,  In^qua'li  rob' ore  pollens. 
That  which  is  unequal  in  strength  :  from  av, 
priv.,  icog,  'equal,'  and  (r&evog,  'strength.'  An 
epithet  applied  particularly  to  the  muscular  con- 
tractility which,  in  the  sick,  is  sometimes  aug- 
mented in  certain  muscles  only, — in  the  flexors, 
for  example. 

ANISOT'ACHYS,  from  av,  priv.,  itroj,  '  equal,' 


ANISUM 


67 


ANNULAR 


and  ra^vs,  'quick.'  An  epithet  for  the  pulse, 
when  quick  and  unequal. — Gorraus. 

ANISUM,  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Africanum 
frutescens,  Bubon  Galbanum — a.  Fruticosum  gal- 
baniferum,  Bubon  Galbanum — a.  Officinale,  Pim- 
piuella  anisum — -a.  Sinense,  Ulieium  anisatum  — 
a.  Stellatum,  Ulieium  anisatum — a.Vulgare,  Pim- 
pinella anisum. 

ANKLE,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 

ANKLEY,  Malleolus. 

ANKUS,  Ancus. 

ANKYLOBLEPH'x\KON,  Aricylolleph'aron, 
Palpebrn'rum  coal'itus,  from  ayKv'Sri,  'a  bridle,' 
and  fi\e<papov,  '  eyelid.'  A  preternatural  union 
between  tlie  free  edges  of  the  eyelids.  Likewise 
called  Symhleph' aron,  Symhlepharo' sis,  undPros'- 
physis.  , 

Also,  union  between  the  eyelids  and  globe  of 
the  eye. — Aetius. 

ANKYLOCHEI'LIA,  Ancylochei'Ua,  (F.)  An- 
hycloclielie,  from  ayxiiAo;,  '  crooked,' and  ;:^ciAoy, 
'lip.'     Accidental  union  of  the  lips. 

ANKYLOCHELIE,  Ankylocheilia. 

ANKYLOCOLPUS,  Colpatresia. 

ANKYLOGORE,  Coreclisis. 

ANKYLODON'TIA,  from  ay/cuAos,  'crooked,' 
and  o&ovi,  oSovtos,  '  a  tooth.'  An  irregular  posi- 
tion of  the  teeth  in  the  jaws. 

ANKYLOGLOS'SIA,  Ancyloglos'sia,  Concre'- 
tio  lin<ju(B,  from  ayxuA^,  '  a  bridle,'  and  yAuco-a, 
'the  tongue.'  Impeded  motion  of  the  tongue  in 
consequence  of  adhesion  between  its  margins  and 
the  gums  ;  or  in  consequence  of  the  shortness 
of  the  frjenum :  the  later  affection  constituting 
Tongue-tie,  Olop7io'?iia  lin'gucB  frcena'ta.  It 
merely  requires  the  frsenum  to  be  divided  with  a 
pair  of  scissors. 

ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM,  from  ankyloglos- 
sia,  '  tongue-tie,'  and  to^i?,  '  incision.'  An  instru- 
ment used  in  the  operation  for  tongue-tie. 

ANKYLOME'LE,  Ancylome'l'e,  from  ayKv\og, 
'crooked,'  and /<;?A)7,  'a  probe.'  A  curved  probe. 
— Galen. 

ANKYLOMERIS'MUS,  Ancylomeris'mus,  from 
ayKvhi,  'a  bridle,'  and  jwe/sos,  'a  part.'  Morbid 
adhesion  between  parts. 

ANKYLOPS,  ^gilops. 

ANKYLORRHIN'IA,  Ancylorrhin'ia,  from 
ayKvXr],  'a  bridle,'  and  piv,  'the  nose.'  Morbid 
union  of  the  parietes  of  the  nose. 

ANKYLOSED,  see  Ankylosis. 

ANKYLO'SIS,  Aneylo'sis,  Anchylo'sis,  An'- 
cyle,  Stiff  Joint,  from  ayx-uAoj,  'crooked.'  An 
affection,  in  which  there  is  great  difficulty  or  even 
impossibility  of  moving  a  diarthrodial  articula- 
tion. It  is  so  called,  because  the  limb  commonly 
remains  in  a  constant  state  of  flexion,  and  a  joint 
thus  affected  is  said  to  be  ankylo' sed.  Anchylo- 
sis is  said  to  be  complete  or  true,  when  there  is  an 
intimate  adhesion  between  the  synovial  surfaces, 
with  union  of  the  articular  extremities  of  the 
bones.  In  the  incomplete  or  false  anchylosis, 
there  is  obscure  motion,  but  the  fibrous  parts 
around  the  joint  are  more  or  less  stiff  and  thick- 
ened. In  the  treatment  of  this  last  state,  the 
joint  must  be  gently  and  gradually  exercised; 
and  oily,  relaxing  applications  be  assiduously  em- 
ployed. 

Ankylosis  Spuria,  Rigiditas  artieulorum. 

ANKYLO'TIA,  Ancylo'tia,  from  ayKvXrj,  'a 
bridle,'  and  avs,  laro?,  'the  ear.'  Morbid  union 
of  the  parietes  of  the  ear. 

ANKYLOT'OMUS,^nc?/;o<'oMM8,  from  ayKvXo;, 
'crooked,'  and  tcjiveiv,  'to  cut.'  Any  kind  of 
curved  knife. — Paulus.  An  instrument  for  di- 
viding the  fraenum  linguae. — Scultetus. 

ANNE  ATI,  Ring — a.  Crural,  Crural  canal — a. 
Diap'hragmati<]ue,  Diaphragmatic  ring — a.  Femo- 


ral, Crural  canal — a.  Inguinal,  Inguinal  ring — a. 
Ombi'lical,  Umbilical  ring. 

ANNEXE,  Accessory,  Appendix. 

ANNI  CRITICL  Climacterici  (anni)— a.  De- 
cretorii,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Fatales,  Climac- 
terici (anni) — a.  Genethliaci,  Climacterici  (anni) 
— a.  Gradarii,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Hebdoma- 
dici,  Climacterici  (anni)— a.  Heroici,  Climacterici 
(anni) — a.  Natalitii,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Sca- 
lares,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Scansiles,  Climacte- 
rici (anni). 

ANNOTA'TIO,  Episma'sia.  Under  this  term 
some  have  included  the  preludes  to  an  attack  of 
intermittent  fever — as  yawning,  stretching,  som- 
nolency, chilliness,  &c. 

ANN  OTTO,  see  Terra  Orleana, 

AN'NUAL  DISEASES,  3Iorbi  an'nui,  M.  an- 
niversa'rii,  (F.)  Maladies  annuelles.  A  name 
given,  by  some,  to  diseases  which  recur  every 
year  about  the  same  period.  Febris  annua,  (F.) 
Fievre  annuelle,  is  a  term  used  for  a  fancied  in- 
termittent of  this  type. 

ANNUENS.  Rectus  capitis  internus  minor. 

ANNUIT"IO,  Nodding,  from  ad,  'to,'  and 
nutus,  'a  nod.'  A  gesture,  denoting  assent  in 
most  countries.  Also,  the  state  of  somnolency, 
when  the  individual  is  in  the  erect  or  sitting 
posture,  with  the  head  unsupported,  in  which 
the  power  of  volition  over  the  extensor  muscles 
of  the  head  is  lost,  and  the  head  drops  forward. 

AN'NULAR,  Annula'ris,  Amda'ris,  CricoV des, 
(F.)  Annulaire,  (annus,  'a  circle.')  Any  thing 
relating  to  a  ring,  or  which  has  the  shape  or  ful- 
fils the  functions  of  a  ring;  from  annulus,  'a 
ring.' 

Annular  Finger,  Ring  Finger,  Ring  man, 
Dig"iti(s  annula'ris,  Param'esos.  The  fourth 
finger,  so  called  from  tlie  wedding  ring  being 
worn  thereon.  See  Digitus.  Of  old,  it  was  be- 
lieved, that  there  is  a  medium  of  direct  commu- 
nication between  the  ring  finger  and  the  heart. 

Annular  Ganglion,  see  Ciliary  ligament. 

Annular  Lig'aMENT,  Transverse  ligament, 
Cru'cial  ligament.  A  strong  ligamentous  band, 
which  arches  across  the  area  of  the  ring  of  the 
atlas,  from  a  rough  tubercle  upon  the  inner  sur- 
face of  one  articular  process,  to  a  similar  tubercle 
on  the  other.  It  serves  to  retain  the  odontoid 
process  of  the  axis  in  connexion  with  the  ante- 
rior arch  of  the  atlas. 

An'nular  Lig'ament  of  the  Ra'dius,  is  a  very 
strong  fibro-cartilaginous  band,  which  forms,  with 
the  lesser  sigmoid  cavity  of  the  cubitus,  a  kind 
of  ring,  in  which  the  head  of  the  radius  turns 
with  facility. 

An'nular  Lig'aments  of  the  Carpus,  Ar- 
mil'loB  nianiis  membrano' sm,  are  two  in  number. 

The  one,  anterior,  is  a  broad,  fibrous,  quadri- 
lateral band,  extending  transversely  before  the 
carpus,  and  forming  the  gutter,  made  by  the 
wrist,  into  a  canal.  It  is  attached,  externally, 
to  the  trapezium  and  scapho'ides  ;  and  internally 
to  the  OS  pisiforme  and  process  of  the  unciforme. 
It  keeps  the  tendons  of  the  flexoV  muscles,  me- 
dian nerve,  &c.,  applied  against  the  carpus. 

The  p)osterior  ligament  is  situate  transversely 
behind  the  joint  of  the  hand,  and  covers  the 
sheaths  of  the  tendons,  which  pass  to  the  back 
of  the  hand.  Its  fibres  are  white  and  shining, 
and  are  attached,  externally,  to  the  inferior  and 
outer  part  of  the  radius;  internally  to  the  ulna 
and  OS  pisiforme. 

An'nular  Lig'aments  op  the  Tarsus  are  two 
in  number.  The  anterior  is  quadrilateral,  and 
extends  transversely  above  the  instep.  It  is  at- 
tached to  the  superior  depression  of  the  os  calcis, 
and  to  the  malleolus  internus.  It  embraces  the 
tendons  of  the  extensor  muscles  of  ihe  toes,  the 
tibialis  anticus,  and  peroneus  anticus.    The  inter- 


ANNULARIS 


68 


ANOSMIA 


ta?  is  broader  than  the  last.  It  descends  frona 
the  malleolus  internus  to  the  posterior  and  inner 
part  of  the  os  calcis,  with  which  it  forms  a  kind 
of  canal,  enclosing  the  sheaths  of  the  tendons  of 
the  tibialis  posticus,  flexor  longus  dicjitorum  pedis, 
and  F.  lon(jns  poUicis  pedis,  as  well  as  the  plantar 
vessels  and  nerves. 

Annular  Vein,  Vena  annida'ris,  is  situate 
between  the  annular  finger  and  the  little  finger. 
Aetius  recommends  it  to  be  opened  in  diseases 
of  the  spleen. 

ANNULARIS,  Cricoid:  see  Digitus  —  a.  Ani, 
Sphincter  ani. 

ANNULI  CARTILAGINEI,  see  Trachea— a. 
Cartilaginosi  Trachea3,  see  Trachea. 

AN'NULI  FIBRO-CARTILAGIN'EI,  " Fi- 
hro-cartilaginous  or  festooned  rings."  Tough 
tendinous  tracts  in  the  heart,  two  of  which,  an- 
terior, are  situate  on  the  right  and  left  of  the 
aortal  opening;  and  one  posterior,  which  runs 
backwards  from  the  aorta  to  the  border  of  the 
auriculo-ventricular  septum,  where  it  splits  into 
two  slender  crura. 

A  NX  UL  I-  TEND  INO-PEALANOIENS, 
Lumbricales  manus. 

ANNULUS,  Daetylius,  Vulva — a.  Abdominis, 
Inguinal  ring — a.  Albidus,  see  Ciliary  (ligament) 
—  a.  Cellulosus,  Ciliary  ligament  —  a.  Ciliaris, 
Ciliary  ligament  —  a.  Fossa  ovalis  :  see  Oralis 
fossa  —  a.  Gangliformis,  see  Ciliary  (ligament)  — 
a.  Repens,  Herpes  circinatus  —  a.  Umbilicalis, 
Umbilical  ring — a.  Ventrieuli,  Pylorus — a.  Vieus- 
senii,  see  Ovalis  fossa. 

ANO,  avoi.     A  prefix  denoting  'above,  up.' 

ANO-CA  VERNEUX,  Accelerator  urina;. 

ANOCHI'LUS,  from  avu,  'above,'  and  ■x^ctXog, 
'lip.'  The  upper  lip.  Also,  one  who  has  a  large 
upper  lip. 

ANOCiELTA,  Stomach. 

ANOCCELIADELPHUS,  Cceliadelphus. 

ANO'DIA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  w^^,  'song.' 
An  unconnected  or  dissonant  mode  of  speech. 

ANOD'IC,  Anod'icus,  from  avui,  'above,  up,' 
and  'oi5o;,  'a  way.'  Tending  upwards.  An  epi- 
thet applied  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  an  ascend- 
ing course  of  nervous  action. 

ANODIN,  Anodyne. 

ANODIN'IA,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  a&iv, 
'a  labour  pain.'     Absence  of  labour  pains. 

ANODMIA.  Anosmia. 

ANODUS,  Edentulus. 

AN'ODYNE,  Anod'yntis,  Antod'i/ntis,  Antid'- 
ynows  (improperly),  Pa/-e(7o?''jcHS,  Anet'icus,  Ant- 
al'cjicvs,  Acesod'ynes,  (F.)  Anodin  ou  Anodyn, 
from  av,  privative,  and  ucvvrj,  'pain.'  Anodynes 
are  those  medicines  which  relieve  pain,  or  cause 
it  to  cease;  as  opium,  belladonna,  &q.  They  act 
by  blunting  the  sensibility  of  the  encephalon,  so 
that  it  does  not  appreciate  the  morbid  sensation. 

ANODYN'IA,  Indolen'tia.  Cessation  or  ab- 
sence of  pain.  Vogel  has  given  this  name  to  a 
genus  of  diseases,  characterized  by  a  cessation 
of  pain,  and  the  exasperation  of  other  symptoms  ; 
as  we  see  in  gangrene. 

ANODYNUM  MINERALE,  Potassse  nitras 
sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

ANQ3'A,  Anoi'a,  from  a,  privative,  and  vooq, 
'mind.'  Delirium,  imbecility.  See  Dementia 
and  Idiotism. 

ANOESIA,  Dementia  —  a.  Abstricta,  Melan- 
choly. 

A.NOIA,  Ancea. 
ANOMAL.  Anomalous. 
ANOMALES,  Anomalous. 
ANOMA'LIA,  from  av,  privative,  and  ojiaXos, 
'regular.'      Abnor'mitas,    AlienaHio.      Anomaly, 
abnormity,  irregularity.     In  Pathology,  anomaly 
means  something  unusual  in  the  symptoms  pro- 


per to  a  disease,  or  in  the  morbid  appearances 
presented  by  it. 

Anomalia  NERVORrM,  Nervous  diathesis. 

AN03IALIE  PAR  CLOISONNEMENT,  see 
Cloisonnement. 

AN02IAL0 TROPHIES,  from  av,  privative, 
o/iaXog,  'regular,'  and  rpo^ir;,  'nourishment.'  A 
class  of  diseases,  which  consist  in  modifications 
in  the  nutrition  of  organs. — Gendrin. 

ANOM'ALOUS,  Anom'alus,  Anom'alis;  the 
same  etymon.  Irregular;  contrary  to  rule.  (F.) 
Anomal.  In  Medicine,  a  disease  is  called  ano- 
malous, in  whose  symptoms  or  progress  there  is 
something  unusual.  Affections  are  also  called 
anomalous,  which  cannot  be  referred  to  any 
known  species. 

ANOMALOUS,  Irregular. 

ANOMMATUS,  Anophthalmus. 

ANOMOCEPH'ALUS,  from  a,  priv.,  vopLog, 
'rule,'  and  x£(paXri,  'head.'  One  whose  head  is 
deformed. — Geofi'roi  Saint-Hilaire. 

ANOJWSPLENOTOPIE,  Splenectopia. 

ANOMOTOPJE,  Ectopia. 

ANOM'PHALUS,  from  av,  priv.,  and  o/KpaXo;, 
'the  navel.'  One  devoid  of  navel.  Many  writers 
have  endeavoured  to  show  that  Adam  and  Eve 
must  have  been  avo^tpaXoi,  as  they  could  not  have 
had  umbilical  vessels. 

ANONA  TRILOBA,  see  Carica  papaya. 

ANO'NA  TRIPET'ALA.  xV  tree  of  the/am% 
Anonese  or  Anonacese;  Sex.  Sysf.  Polyandria 
Polygynia,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  high,  na- 
tive of  South  America,  which  bears  a  delicious 
fruit  called  Chirimoya.  Both  the  fruit  and  flowers 
emit  a  fine  fragrance,  which,  when  the  tree  is 
covered  with  blossom,  is  almost  overpowering. — 
Tschudi. 

ANONIS,  Ononis. 

ANONYCH'IA,  from  av,  privative,  and  ow^, 
ovvx°^t  'a  nail.'  Want  of  nails,  —  a  rare  con- 
genital defect. 

ANONY^rE,  Innominatum. 

ANON'YMOUS,  Anon'ymua,  Innomina'tus,  (F.) 
Anonyme,  from  av,  privative,  and  ovojia,  'name.' 
That  which  has  no  name. 

The  word  has  been  applied  to  many  parts  of 
the  body:  —  to  the  Anonymous  hone  or  Os  inno- 
minatum : — the  Anonymous  foramen  or  Foramen 
innominatum,  &C. 

ANOPHRESIA,  Anosmia. 

ANOPHTHAL'MUS,  Anom'matiis,  from  av, 
privative,  and  o(j>da\fiog,  'an  eye.'  One  who  is 
devoid  of  eyes. 

ANOPS'IA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  wi//,  'the  eye.' 
A  ease  of  monstrosity  in  which  the  eye  and  orbit 
are  wanting. 

ANOPTICONERVIE,  Amaurosis. 

ANOR'CHIDES,  from  av,  priv.,  and  op^tg,  'a 
testicle.'  They  who  are  without  testicles. — For- 
tunatus  Fidelis. 

ANOREX'IA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  opt^Lg,  'ap- 
petite.' Inaj^peten'tia,  Limo'sis  expers,  (F. )  Perte 
d'appetit.  Absence  of  appetite,  without  loathing. 
Anorexia  or  want  of  appetite  is  symptomatic  of 
most  diseases.     Also,  Indigestion,  Dyspepsia. 

Anorexia  Exhausto'rcm,  Frigidity  of  the 
stomach — a.  Mirabilis,  Fasting. 

ANORGANIC,  see  Anhistous,  and  Inorganic. 

ANORMAL,  Abnormous. 

ANORTnOP'IA,from  a, priv., opv^o?,  'straight.' 
and  o-^tf,  'vision.'  Vision  in  which  persons  are 
unable  to  judge  when  objects  are  not  parallel  or 
not  symmetrical. 

ANOS'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  vono;,  'disease.' 
Health.     Freedom  from  disease. 

ANO  S 'MIA,  from  av,  privative,  and  oapiv, 
'odour.'  Loss  of  smell.  Diminution  of  the  sense 
of  smell.  Called,  also,  Anosphre'sia,  Anospkra'- 
sia,  AnopJire' sia,  Paros'mia,  Anod'mia,  Anosrno'- 


ANOSMOSTA 


69 


ANTHELMINTIC 


sin,  Offact&s  amis'sio  seu  defic"iers,  DyscBSthe'sia 
olfacto' rin,  Anmathe' sia  olfacto'ria,  Odora'tus  de- 
2>er'dittis.  (F.)  Perte  de  I'Odorat. 
AXOSMOSIA,  Anosmia. 
AN0SPHRA3IA,  Anosmia. 
ANOSPHRESIA,  Anosmia. 

ANO'TUS,  from   av,  privative,  and  ovg,  wro;,  i 
'the  ear.'     A  monster  having  no  ears. 
ANOXEJ,riE,  Asphyxia. 
ANSA  INTESTINALIS,  Anse  (J  nt  est  in  ale). 
ANSE  (P.),  Anna  (L.),  signifit's,  proper!}-,  the 
handle  of  certain  vessels,  usually  of  an   arched  ' 
form.     By  analogy,  it  has  been  applied  to  that 
which   is   curved  in   the   form    of  such    handle. 
Thus,  the  French  speak  of  Anse  intestiuale — Ansa 
seu  Gyms  infest  in  a' Us  —  to  signify  a  portion  of 
intestine,   supported   by  its   mesentery,  and  de- 
scribing a  curved  line  : — also,  of  Anse  nerveuse, 
Anse  anastomotiqiie,  &0. 

Anse  de  fil  is  used,  in  Surgery,  to  designate  a 
thread,  curved  in  the  form  of  an  Anse. 

ANSERINA,  Potentilla  anserina. 

ANSERINE,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides — a. 
Anthehniutiqne,  Chenopodium  anthelminticum — 
a.  Bon  Henri,  Chenopodium  Bonus  Henricus — a. 
Jjofrys,  Chenopodium  Botrys — -a.  Fetide,  Cheno- 
podium vulvaria  —  a.  Vermifuge,  Chenopodium 
anthelminticum. 

ANTACIDS,  Anti-acids,  Antiac"ida,  Inver- 
fen'tia,  from  anti,  'against,'  and  acida,  'acids.' 
Pbemedies  which  obviate  acidity  in  the  stomach. 
They  are  chemical  agents,  and  act  by  neutralizing 
the  acid.  Those  chiefly  used  are  ammonia,  calcis 
carbonas,  calx,  magnesia,  magnesiJB  carbonas, 
potassa,  potassaa  bicarbonas,  p.  carbonas,  sodse 
bicarbonas,  and  s.  carbonas.  They  are,  of  course, 
only  palliatives,  removing  that  which  exists,  not 
preventing  the  formation  of  more. 

ANTAG'ONISM,  Antagonis'mns,  Antis'tasis, 
from  avTi,  'against,'  and  ayuvi^onai,  'to  strive.' 
Action  in  an  opposite  direction.  It  applies  to  the 
action  of  muscles  that  act  in  a  contrary  direction 
to  others.  In  estimating  the  force  of  muscles, 
this  antagonism  must  be  attended  to. 

ANTAG'ONIST,  Antaffonis'ta.  A  muscle 
whose  action  produces  an  effect  contrary  to  that 
of  another  muscle.  Every  muscle  has  its  anta- 
gonist, because  there  is  no  motion  in  one  direc- 
tion without  a  capability  of  it  in  another. 

ANTALGTCUS.  Anodyne. 

ANTAPHP.ODIS'IAC,  Antaphrodit'ic,  Anta- 
phrodisiaciis,  Anaphrodisiacus,  Anaphrndis' iac, 
Anterot'icns,irova.avTi,  'against,' and  acppoSiinaKog, 
'aphrodisiac'  A  substance  capable  of  blunting 
the  venereal  appetite. 

ANTAPHRODITIC,  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANTAPOD'OSIS,  from  apTaiTo5i6u>/ii,  'I  return 
in  exchange.'  The  succession  and  return  of  the 
febrile  periods. — Hippocrates. 

ANTAPOPLECTICUS,  Antiapopleetic. 

ANTAPtTHRITIC,  Antiarthritic. 

ANTASTHENICUS,  Tonic.  . 

ANTASTHMATICUS,  Antiasthmatic. 

ANTATROPH^C,  Antatro2)h'icus,  Antat'ro- 
phus,  Antiritroph'icus,  from  avTi,  'against,'  and 
arpoipia,  'atrophy.'  A  remedy  opposed  to  atro- 
phv  or  consumption. 

ANTEBRACHIAL,  see  Antibraehial. 

ANTECEDEN'TIA.  The  precursory  or 
warning  svtnptoms  of  a  disease. 

ANTEFLEXIO  UTERL  see  Anteversion. 
.      ANTELA'BIA,  Prochei'la,  from  ante,  'before,' 
and  labia,  'the  lips.'     The  extremity  of  the  lips. 

ANTELOPE.  Antilopus. 

ANTEMBALLOMENUM,  Suecedaneum. 

ANTEM'BASIS,  from  avn,  and  cjiliaivu,,  'I 
enter.'  Mu'tuus  ingres'sus.  The  mutual  recep- 
tion of  bones. — Galen. 


ANTEMETIC,  Antiemetic. 

ANTEXDEIXIS,  Counter-indication. 

ANTENDIXIS,  Counter-indication. 

ANTENEAS'MUS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
vzav,  'audacious;'  or  rather,  perhaps,  from  avn, 
and  TEivu,  'I  extend  or  stretch.'  One  furious 
against  himself.  Mania,  in  which  the  patient 
attempts  his  own  life.' — Zacchias. 

ANTENNA'BIA  DIOI'CA.  Gnapha'lium  Di- 
oi'eum,  Tfispid'xda,  Pes  cati,  Eli'chrysum  rnonta'- 
nnm,  Dice'eiotis  Everlast'ing,  Catsfoot,  (F.)  Pied 
de  chat.  Order,  Compositse.  A  common  Euro- 
pean plant,  which  has  been  advised  in  hemor- 
rhage, diarrhoea,  &c. 

AsTENNABiA  Margaeitace  A,  Gnaphalium 
margaritaeeum. 

Antennaeia  PlantagiiiIfo'lia,  Gnnphrt'lium 
plantaginifo' Hum  seu  plantagin'eum  seu  dioi'cum 
variety  plantaginifoUum,  Plantain  Life-everlast- 
ing. Cudu-cld,  indigenous,  has  similar  properties. 

AXTEPHIALTIC,  Antiephialtic. 

ANTEPILEPTIC,  Antiepileptic. 

ANTEPONENS,  Anticipating. 

ANTBREI'SIS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  tpa- 
i(i>,  'I  support.'  The  resistance — the  solidity — 
of  bones. — Hippocrates. 

ANTE  R  IE  UP  DU  3IARTEAU,  Laxator 
tympani — a.  de  V Oreille,  Anterior  auris. 

ANTE'RIOR,  Anti'cus,  from  ante,  'before.' 
Situate  before.  Great  confusion  has  prevailed 
with  anatomists  in  the  use  of  the  terms  hefore, 
behind,  etc.  Generally,  the  word  anterior  is  ap- 
plied to  parts  situate  before  the  median  line,  the 
body  being  in  the  erect  posture,  with  the  face 
and  palms  of  the  hands  turned  forwards,  and 
the  feet  applied  longitudinally  together. 

Ante'eior  Au'riS  (Ifascle),  Anricula'ris  ante'- 
rior,  At' traliens  auric'xdam,  {J} .)  Auricidaire  ante- 
rieur,  Anterieur  de  I'oreille,  Zygomato-oriculaire. 
A  small  muscle,  passing  from  the  posterior  part 
of  the  zygoma  to  the  helix.  Use,  to  draw  the  ear 
forwards  and  upwards. 

Anterior  Mallei,  Laxator  tympani. 

ANTEROTICUS,  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANTEUPHORBIUM,  Cacalia  anteuphorbium. 

ANTEVER'SION,  Antever'sio,  Antrover'sio, 
from  ante,  'before,'  and  vertere,  versum,  'to  turn.' 
Displacement  of  the  uterus,  in  which  the  fundus 
is  turned  towards  the  pubes,  whilst  its  orifice  is 
towards  the  sacrum.  It  may  be  caused  by  extra- 
ordinary size  of  the  pelvis,  pressure  of  the  viscera 
on  the  uterus,  etc.;  and  is  recognised  by  exami- 
nation ^jer  vaginam.  A  simple  forward  inclina- 
tion of  the  body  of  the  uterus,  without  the  os 
uteri  being  carried  much  backwards,  is  termed 
Antefex'ivn  of  the  u'terns,  Antejlex'io  u'teri.  Not 
unfrequently,  however,  it  is  used  synonymously 
with  Ptetroversion  of  the  Uterus.  See  Retro- 
versio  uteri, 

A  N  T  H  ^  M  0  P  T  Y'i  C  U  S,  AntihtEmoptif-icus, 
from  avTi,  'against,'  and  hamo-ptysis,  'spitting 
of  blood.'  Against  spitting  of  blood.  A  remedy 
for  spitting  of  blood — antihcBmopty'icum  (rerae- 
dium). 

ANTH^MORRHAGICUS,  Antihemorrhagic. 

ANTHECTICUS,  Antihectio. 

ANTHELIT'RAGUS,  (F.)  Antheli  tragi  en. 
One  of  the  proper  muscles  of  the  pavilion  of 
the  ear. 

ANT'HELIX,  Anti-helix,  from  avn,  'before,' 
and  't\L^,  'the  helix.'  An  eminence  on  the  car- 
tilage of  the  ear,  in  front  of  the  helix,  and  ex- 
tending from  the  concha  to  the  groove  of  the 
helix,  where  it  bifurcates. 

A  N  T  H  E  L  M  I  N'T  I C,  Antihelmin'ticus,  Anti- 
scol'ious,  Anthelmin'thicHS,  Antiscolet'icus,  Hel-, 
min'thicus,  Helminthago'gus,  Antiverniirvo'  sua, 
Vermif'ugus,  Ver'mifnge,  from  avn,  'against,' 
and   'tXfiivs,    'a  worm.'     A   remedy   which    de- 


ANTHEMA  ERUPTIO 


70 


ANTHRAX 


stroys  or  expels  •worms,  or  prevents  their  for-  | 
mation  and  development.  The  chief  anthel- 
mintics are,  Chenopodium,  Mucuna,  Oleum  ani- 
male  Dippelii,  Oleum  Terebinthina,  Sodii  Chlo- 
ridum,  Spigelia,  and  Pulvis  Stanni.  See  Worms. 
ANTHEMA  ERUPTIO,  Esanthem. 
AN'THEMIS  COT'ULA,  from  av9£u),  'I flower.' 
A.foe'tida  sen  Novehoracen' sis,  Cot'ula,  C.foe'tida, 
Cota,  Cynan'themis,  ChamcBine'ltim  foe'tidum  seu 
Chamomil'la  spu'n'a  seu  foe'tida,  Ifaru'ta  Cot'ula, 
Moyflovjer,  3Iciyiceed,  Stinking  Chamomile,  Wild- 
Cham'  ornile,  Dog's  fennel,  Dilly,  Dilweed,  Field- 
weed,  Pissweed.  Ord.  Compositas  Corymbiferse. 
Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Superflua.  (F.)  Jiarouie, 
Camomille  fetide,  Camomille  ptiante. 

This  plant  Cot'ula,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  a  very  dis- 
agreeable smell,  and  the  leaves  have  a  strong, 
acrid,  bitterish  taste.  It  is  reputed  to  have  been 
us&fiil  in  hysterical  affections. 
Anthemis  Fcetida,  A.  cotula. 
An'themis  No'bilis,  An'themis,  A.  odora'ta, 
Chamame'lum,  Ch,  No'bile  seu  odora'tum,  Cha- 
momil'la Boma'na,  Eitan'themon,  Leucan' themum, 
(F.)  Camomille  Bomaine.  The  leaves  and  flowers. 
— Anthemis,  Ph.  U.  S. — have  a  strong  smell,  and 
bitter,  nauseous  taste.  The  flowers  are  chiefly 
used.  They  possess  tonic  and  stomachic  proper- 
ties, and  are  much  given  as  a  pleasant  and  cheap 
bitter.  A  simple  infusion  is  taken  to  produce,  or 
to  assist  vomiting.  Externally,  they  are  often 
used  in  fomentations. 

The  O'leiim  Anthem' idis  possesses  the  aromatic 
properties  of  the  plant,  but  not  the  bitter  and 
tonic.  Consequently,  the  '  Chamomile  Drops,'  as 
sold  by  the  druggists,  must  be  devoid  of  the  lat- 
ter qualities.  They  are  made  by  adding  01. 
anthem,  f^j.  to  Sp.  vini  rectif.  Oj. 

Anthemis  Noveboracencis,  A.  cotula  —  a. 
Odorata,  A.  cotula. 

An'themis  Py'rethrum,  Py'rethrum,  P.  veriim., 
Anacyo'lus  2)yrethrum,  Biiphthal'miim  Cre'ticum, 
Denta'ria,  Herha  snliva'ris,  Pes  Alexandri'nns, 
Spanish  Chamomile,  Pellitory  of  Spain,  (F.)  Py- 
rethre,  Racine  salivaire,  Salivaire,  Pied  d' Alex- 
andre. The  root,  Pyrethrum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  hot 
and  acrid,  its  acrimony  residing  in  a  resinous 
principle.  It  is  never  used  except  as  a  mastica- 
tory in  toothache,  rheumatism  of  the  foce,  pa- 
ralysis of  the  tongue,  etc.  It  acts  as  a  powerful 
sialogogue. 

The  Pellitory  of  the  shops  in  Germany  is  said 
to  be  derived  from  Anacyo'lus  officina' rum ;  a 
plant  cultivated  in  Thuringia  for  medicinal  pur- 
poses. 

An'themis    Tincto'ria,   Buphthal'mi    Herha, 
Dyer's  Chamomile,  a  European  plant,  has  a  bitter 
and  astringent  taste,  and  has  been  regarded  as 
stomachic   and   vulnerary.     (F.)    Camomille   des 
Teinturiers,  CEil  de  Bccuf. 
Anthemis  Vulgaris,  Matricaria  Cbamorailla. 
ANTHE'RA,  from  avByjpo;,  so  called  from  its 
'florid'  colour.    A  remedy  compounded  of  several 
substances — myrrh,  sandarac,  alum,  saffron,  etc. 
It  was  used  under  the  form  of  liniment,  colly- 
rium,  electuarv,  and  powder. — Celsus,  Galen. 
ANTHEREOX,  Mentum. 

AXTHORA,  Aconitum  anthora  —  a.  Vulgaris, 
Aconitum  anthora. 

AXTHOPtlS'MA,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
opiaixa,  'boundary.'  Tumor  diffu'sua.  A  tumour 
without  any  defined  margin. 

AXTHOS,  see  Rosmarinus — a.  Sylvestris,  Le- 
dum sylvestre. 

ANTHRA'CIA,  from  av^pai,  avBpaKo;,  'coal.' 
Carbun'cnlar  Exan'them.  An  eruption  of  tumors, 
imperfectly  suppurating,  with  indurated  edges, 
ftnd,  for  the  most  part,  a  sordid  and  sanious  core. 
A  genus  in  the  order  Exanthematica,  class  JTcema- 
tica  of  Good,  and  including  Plague  and  Taws. 


Anthracia,  Anthraoosis — a.  Pestis,  Plague— 
a.  Rubula,  Frambresia. 

ANTHRACION,  see  Anthrax. 

AN'THRACOID,  Anthraco'des,  from  av5-pa|. 
avdpaKo;,  'coal,'  and  ci&og,  'resemblance.'  (F.) 
Charhonneux.  As  black  as  coal.  Accompanied 
by  or  resembling  anthrax. 

ANTHRACOMA,  Anthrax. 

AXTHRAC0XECR0SI3,  see  Sphacelus. 

ANTHRACOPHLYCTIS,  see  Anthrax. 

ANTHRACOSIA,  -\nthrax. 

ANTHRACO'SIS,  Anthra'cia,  Carlo  Palpe- 
hra'rum,  from  avS-pa^,  avOpaKog,  'a  coal.'  A  spe- 
cies of  carbuncle,  which  attacks  the  eyelids  and 
globe  of  the  eye. — Paulus  of  ^gina.  Also,  a 
carbuncle  of  any  kind.  It  has  been  used  for  the 
"black  lung  of  coal  miners,"  which  is  induced 
by  carbonaceous  accumulation  in  the  lungs; 
Pseudo-melanot'ic formation,  (Carswell.)  Matiere 
noire  des  Povmons,  Charhon  pulmonaire.  ^yhen 
ulceration  results  from  this  cause,  black  phthisis, 
(F.)  Phthisie  avec  Melanose,  exists.  See  Mela- 
nosis. 

Anthracosis  Pulmontjm,  see  Melanosis. 

ANTHRACOTTPHUS,  Plague. 

ANTHRAKOK'ALI,  Lithanthrakok'ali,  from 
avQpa^,  avdpaKog,  'coal,'  and  kali,  'potassa.'  An 
article  introduced  as  a  remedy  in  cutaneous  dis- 
eases. It  is  formed  by  dissolving  carbonate  of 
potassa  in  10  or  12  parts  of  boiling  water,  and 
adding  as  much  slacked  lime  as  will  separate  the 
potassa.  The  filtered  liquor  is  placed  on  the  fire 
in  an  iron  vessel,  and  suffered  to  evaporate,  until 
neither  froth  nor  effervescence  occurs,  and  the 
liquid  presents  a  smooth  surface  like  oil.  To 
this,  levigated  coal  is  added  in  the  proportion  of 
160  grammes  to  192  grammes  of  potassa.  The 
mixture  is  stirred,  and  removed  fmiu  the  fire, 
and  the  stirring  is  continued,  until  a  black  homo- 
geneous powder  results.  A  sulphuretted  anthra- 
kokali  is  made  by  mixing  accuratelj'  16  grammes 
of  sulphur  with  the  coal,  and  dissolving  the  mix- 
ture in  the  potassa,  as  directed  above.  The  dose 
of  the  simple  and  sulphuretted  preparations  is 
about  two  grains  three  times  a  day. 

AXTHRAX,  avQpa^,  'a  coal,'  Antrax,  Carlo, 
Bnli'nus  verns,  Codesel'la,  Erytke'ma  gangrceno'- 
sum,  Grantris'tum,  Prima,  Per'sicus  Ignis,  Pyra, 
Granatris'tum,  Phyma  Anthrax,  Erythema  an- 
thrax, Carbun'culus,  Aiithraco'sia,  Anthraeo'ma, 
Absces'sus  gangranes' cens  seu  ganqrmno' sus,  Fu- 
run' cuius  maliy'nns,  F.  gangrcBuo'sus,  Carbuncle, 
(F.)  Oharlon.  An  inflammation,  essentially  gan- 
grenous, of  the  cellular  membrane  and  skin, 
which  may  arise  from  an  internal  or  external  cause. 
In  the  latter  case  it  is  called  Anthra'cion,  Vesic'- 
ula  gangrcBUes'cens,  Anthracophlyc'tis,  (F.)  Pus- 
tule maligne ;  Bouton  d'Alep,  Feu  Persiqne  (Per- 
sian fire),  Malvat,  Bouton  malin.  Puce  maligna,  and 
is  characterized  at  the  outset  by  a  vesication  or 
bleb  filled  with  a  sero-sanguinolent  fluid,  under 
which  a  small  induration  is  formed,  surrounded 
by  an  areolar  inflammation,  which  becomes  gan- 
grenous. It  has  been  thought  by  some  to  be  in- 
duced altogether  by  contact  with  the  matter  of 
the  carbuncle  of  animals,  or  of  the  exuviae  of 
the  bodies  of  such  as  had  died  of  the  disease, 
but  it  is  now  known  to  arise  primarily  in  the 
human  subject.  This  form  of  carbuncle  has  re- 
ceived different  names,  many  of  them  from  the 
places  where  it  has  prevailed: — Carbun'cidus 
contagio'sus  seu  Gal'licus  seu  Hunga'ricus  seu 
Polon'icus  seu  Sepitentriona'lis,  3forbus pustulo'sus 
Fin'nicus,  Pus'tula  gangrcenosa  seu  Liv'ida  Es- 
tho'nicB,  Pemphigus  Hungar'icus,  Puce  de  Botir- 
gogne. 

Anthrax  is  a  malignant  boil,  and  its  treatment 
is  similar  to  that  which  is  required  in  case  of 
gangrene  attacking  a  part. 


ANTHRISCUS  CEREFOLIUM       71 


ANTICOMMA 


Anthrax  Pulmonum,  Neeropneumonia. 

ANTHRISCUS  CEREFOLIUM,  Scandix  ce- 
refolium — a.  Humilis,  Chserophyllutn  Sylvestre 
— a.  Procerus,  Chserophyllum  Sylvestre. 

ANTimOPE,  Cutis. 

ANTHROPIAT'RICA  (MED  ICIISr  A),  from 
Mi'/u.^-i  ,  'man,'  and  larpog,  'a  physician.'  Me- 
dicine applied  to  man,  in  contradistinction  to 
animals. 

ANTHROPOCHEMIA,  Chymistry  (human). 

ANTHROPOCHYMY,  Chymistry  (human). 

ANTHROPOGEN'IA,  Anthrojwgen'esis,  An- 
fliropoy"eny,  Genean'thropy,  from  avSrfnonog,  'man,' 
undyivtais,  'generation.'  The  knowledge,  or  study, 
or  phenomena  of  human  generation. 

ANTHROPO  G'RAP'HY,  Anthropograph'ia, 
from  ai'6f)w-of,  'man,'  and  ypacpv,  'a  description.' 
Anthropology.  A  description  of  the  human  body. 

AN'THROPOID,  Anthropioi'des,  from  av9pu}nos, 
'  man,'  and  eiSog,  'resemblance.'  Resembling  man  : 
— as  the  ape. 

ANTHROPOL'ITHUS,  from  avSpm-os,  'man,' 
and  A(9os,  'a  stone.'  The  petrifaction  of  the 
human  body  or  of  any  of  its  parts.  Morbid  con- 
cretions in  the  human  body. 

ANTHROPOL'OGY,  Anthropoloc/"{a,  from 
rtv^-pwTTOf,  'man,'  and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  man.  By  some,  this  word  is  used  for 
the  science  of  the  structure  and  functions  of  the 
human  body.  .Frequently,  it  is  employed  synony- 
mously with  Natural  History  and  Physiology  of 
Man. 

A N  T  H  R  0  POMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism, 
animal. 

ANTHROPOMANCY,  Anthropomanti'a,  from 
avSpw-nog,  'a  man,'  and  fiavTtia,  'divination.'  Di- 
vination by  inspecting  the  entrails  of  a  dead  man. 

ANTHROPOM'ETRY,  from  ai^SpoiTros,  'a  man,' 
and  fttrpov,  'measure.'  Measurement  of  the  di- 
mensions of  the  different  parts  of  the  human  body. 

ANTHROPOMORPHOLOGY,  Anatomy  (de- 
scriptive). 

ANTHROPOMORPHUS,  Atropa  mandragora. 

ANTHROPON'OMY,  Anthroponom'ia,  from 
av^pojTTog,  'man,'  and  voyiog,  'law.'  A  knowledge 
of  the  special  laws  which  preside  over  the  func- 
tions of  the  human  body  in  action. 

ANTHROPOPH'AGUS,  (F.)  AnthropopJiage, 
from  avSp(i)Tro5,  'a  man,'  and  (payut,  'I  eat.'  A 
name  given  to  one  who  eats  his  own  species. 

ANTHROPOPH'AGY,  Anthropo2}ha'gia,  same 
etymon.  The  custom  of  eating  Imman  flesh.  A 
disease  in  which  there  is  great  desire  to  eat  it. 

ANTHROPOS,  Homo. 

ANTHROPOSCOPIA,  Physiognomy. 

ANTHROPOTOMY,  Andranatomia. 

ANTHUS,  Flos. 

ANTHYPNOT'IC,  Anthyimot'icus,  AntiJiyp- 
not'ic,  Agrypnot'ic,  from  avri,  'against,'  and 
'vTvwTLKoi,  'stupefying.'     A  remedy  for  stupor. 

ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC,  AntJtypoclwndri'- 
actis,  from  avTi,  'against,'  and  'vi:o;)(^ovSiiiaKo;,  'hy- 
pochondriac'    A  remedy  for  hypochondriasis. 

ANTHYSTER'IC,  Antihyster'ie,  Antihyster'- 
icus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  'varEpa,  'the  ute- 
rus.'    A  remedy  for  hysteria. 

ANTI,  avTi,  as  a  prefix,  in  composition,  gene- 
Tally  means  'opposition.' 

ANTIADES,  Tonsils. 

ANTIADITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

ANTIADON'CUS,  from  avnah;,  'the  tonsils.' 
and  o'yKos,  'tumour.'  A  swelling  of  the  tonsils. 
— Swediaur.     Anti'ager  has  a,  similar  meaning. 

Antiadoncus  Inflaifmatorius,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

AWnkV0Vl,'EC"HC,Antiapoplec'ticu8,Anta- 
2yoplec'ticus,  Apjoplec'ticus,  from  avri,  'against,' 
and  aTToirhjiia,  'apoplexy.'  A  remedy  for  apo- 
plexy. 


ANTIARTS  TOXICARIA,  see  Upas. 

ANTIARTHRIT'IC,  Antarthrit'ic,  Antiar- 
thrit'iciis,  Antipodag'ric,  from  avrt,  'against,' 
and  ap^piTts,  'the  gout,'  (F.)  Antigoutteux.  A 
remedy  for  gout. 

ANTIASTHEN'IC,  Anfiaxthcti'icus,  from  avn, 
'against,'  and  aaOevua,  'debility.'  A  remedy  for 
debility. 

ANTIASTHMAT'IC,  Antiasthmat'ics,  A„t- 
asthmat'icus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  aaS^pa, 
'asthma.'     A  remedy  for  asthma. 

ANTIATROPHICUS,  Antatrophic. 

ANTIBALLOxMENUM,  Succedaneum. 

AA^TIBDELLA,  Antlia  sanguisuo-a, 

ANTIBECHICUS,  Expectorant." 

A  N  T I B  R  A'C  H I A  L,  Antibrachiu'lis.  That 
which  concerns  the  fore-arm.— Bichat.  J.  Clo- 
quet  suggests  that  the  word  should  be  written  an- 
tebrachial, from  ayiie,  'before,'  and  brachium, 
'the  arm' — as  antebrachial  region,  antebrachial 
aponenrosis,  &c. 

Antebra'chial  Aponeuro'sis,  (F.)  Aponev- 
rose  antebrachiale,  is  a  portion  of  the  aponeurotic 
sheath  which  envelops  the  whole  of  the  upper 
limb.  It  arises  from  the  brachial  aponeurosis, 
from  a  fibrous  expansion  of  the  tendon  of  the 
biceps  muscle,  from  the  epicondyle,  epitrochlea, 
and,  behind,  from  the  tendon  of  the  triceps  bra- 
chialis.  Within,  it  is  inserted  into  the  cubitus, 
etc.;  and,  below,  is  confounded  with  the  two  an- 
nular ligaments  of  the  carpus.  It  is  covered  by 
the  skin,  by  veins,  lymphatics,  and  by  filaments 
of  superficial  nerves  ;  it  covers  the  muscles  of  the 
fore-arm,  adheres  to  them,  and  sends  between 
them  several  fibrous  septa,  which  serve  them  for 
points  of  insertion. 

ANTIBRACHIUM,  Fore-arm. 

ANTIBRO'MIC,  Antibro'micus,  from  avri, 
'against,'  and  ISpaixo;,  'foetor.'  A  Deo'dorizer. 
An  agent  that  destroys  offensive  odours  — as 
chloride  of  zinc,  simple  sulphate  of  alumina,  &c. 

ANTICACHEC'TIC,  Anticachec'ticus,  Antica- 
cochym'ic,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  «:a;^4ia,  'ca- 
chexy.'    A  remedy  against  cachexy. 

ANTICACOCHYMIc,  Anticachectic. 

ANTICAK'CEROUS,  Anticancero' sns,  Anti- 
cancro'sus,  Anticarcinom'  atous,  Antischir'rous, 
from  avTi,  'against,  and  KapKivui/^a,  'cancer,'  car- 
cinoma.    Opposed  to  cancer. 

ANTICANCROSUS,  Anticancerous. 

ANTICARCINOxMATOUS,  Anticancerous. 

ANTICARDIUM,  Fosaette  du  cceur,  Serobieu- 
lus  cordis. 

ANTICATAR'RHAL,  Anticatarrha'li.,,  Anti- 
catarrho'icus,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  Karappos, 
'  catarrh.'     A  remedy  for  catarrh. 

ANTICAUSOD'IC,  Anticausot'ic,  Anticau- 
Bod'icus,  from  avTi,  'against,'  and  Kavco;,  'a  burn- 
ing fever.'  A  remedy  for  causus  or  inflammatory 
fever. 

ANTICAUSOTIC,  Anticausodie. 

ANTICHEIR,  Pollex,  see  Digitus. 

ANTICHCERADICUS,  Antiscrofulous. 

ANTICHOL'ERIC,  Antichohr'icus,  from  avri, 
'against/  and  cholera.  A  remedy  against  cho- 
lera. 

ANTICHOLERICA,  Sophora  heptnphylla. 

ANTIC'IPATIiSTG,  Antic"ip,ans,  Ante2^o'nens, 
Prolept'icus,  (F.)  Anticipant.  An  epithet  for  a 
periodical  phenomenon,  recurring  at  progress- 
ively shorter  intervals.  An  anticipating  lixter- 
mittent  is  one  in  which  the  intervals  between  the 
paroxysms  become  progressively  less. 

ANTICNEMIUM,  Shin. 

ANTICCEUR,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

ANTICOL'IC,  Anticol'icus,  from  avn,  'against,' 
and  KwXiKos,  'the  colic'  That  which  is  opposed 
to  colic. 

ANTICOMMA,  Contre-coup. 


ANTICOPE 


72 


ANTIMOINE 


ANTICOPE,  Contre-cnup. 

ANTICOPOSCOPIUxM,  Pleximeter. 

ANTICRUSIS,  Contre-covp. 

ANTICRUSMA,  Contre-coup). 

ANTICUS,  Anterior. 

ANTIDARTREUX,  Antiherpetic. 

ANTIDEIXIS,  Counter-indication. 

ANTIDIAPlPlHCE'IC,  Antxdiarrhce'icus.  A 
remedy  for  diarrhoea.     Opposed  to  diarrhoea. 

ANTID'INIC,  Antidin'icus,  Din'ic,  Din'icus, 
fromav7(,  ' against/ and  iivoq,  'vertigo.'  Opposed 
to  vertigo. 

AN'TIDOTAL,  Antidota'lia,  same  etymon  as 
antidote.  Relating  to  an  antidote  >  possessed  of 
the  powers  of  an  antidote. 

ANTIDOTA'RIUx¥,  from  avniorov,  'an  anti- 
dote.' A  dispensatory.  A  pharmacopoeia  or  for- 
mulary. As'tidotary  was  used  formerly  for  any 
composition  that  had  the  properties  of  an  anti- 
dote. 

AXTIDOTARY,  see  Antidotarium. 

AN'TIDOTE,  ^»nVZ'o<Hm,from  avn,  'against, 
and  5iSii)iJi,  '1  give.'  Originally,  this  word  signi- 
fied an  internal  remedy.  It  is  now  used  synony- 
mously with  counter-poison,  antiphar' macum,  (F.) 
Gontre-pioison,  and  signifies  any  remedy  capable 
of  combating  the  effect  of  poison. 

A  List  of  reputed  Antidotes. 


1.  51EIALS. 

Iron  Filings. 
Zinc  Jj'ilings. 

2.  Acids. 

Tannic  Acid. 

Acetic  or  Citric  Acid. 

3.  Salts. 
Alkaline  or    Earthy  Sul- 
phates. 

Chloride  of  Sodium. 
Hypochlorite  of  Soda   or 
of  Lime. 

4.  Alkalises. 
Ammonia. 

Carbonates  of  Ammonia. 
Carbonates  of  Soda. 
Magne.iia. 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia. 
Lime  Water. 


Chalk. 
Soap. 

5.   SULPHCEETS. 

Sulphuretted     Hj-drogen, 

dispolved  in  water. 
Sulphuret  of  Pota.ssium. 

6.  Haloids. 
Chlorine. 

7.  JIetallic  Oxides. 

Hydrated  Sesqui-oxide  of 

Iron. 
Mixed  Oxides  of  Iron. 

8.  Organic  Substances. 
Albuminous     Substances, 

(Albumen,  Casein,   and 

Gluten.) 
Starch. 
Oil. 

Animal  Charcoal. 


ANTIDOTUM  HERACLIDIS,  Enneaphar- 
macos — a.  Mithridatium,  Mithridate. 

ANTIDYXAMICA,  Debilitants. 

ANTIDYNOUS,  Anodyne. 

ANTIDYSENTER'IC,  Antidysenter'icus,  from 
ivn,  'against,'  ivi,  'with  difficulty,'  and  evrepov, 
'intestine.'     Opposed  to  dysentery. 

ANTIEMET'IC,  Antemet'ie,  Antiemet'icus, 
from  avTi,  'against,'  and  cjictiko^,  'emetic'  A 
remedy  for  vomiting. 

ANTIEPHIAL'TIC  or  ANTEPHIAL'TIC, 
Antiephial'ticns,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  €<J3ia\Tris, 
'nightmare.'     A  remedy  for  nightmare. 

ANTIEPILEP'TIC  or  ANTEPILEP'TIC, 
Antiepilepj'ticiLS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  c-ki- 
"Krixliia,  'epilepsy.'     A  remedy  for  epilepsy. 

ANTIFEBRILIS,  Febrifuge. 

ANTIGALAC'TIC,  Antigalac'ticus,  Antilac'- 
feiis,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  ya\a,  yaXaKTo?, 
'milk.'  (F.)  Antilaiteiix.  Opposed  to  the  secre- 
tion of  milk   or  to  diseases  caused  by  the  milk. 

ANTIG'ONI  COLLYP.'IUM  NIGRUM,  Black 
coUyriiim  of  AsTiG'oyus.  It  was  composed  of 
eadmia,  antimony,  pepper,  verdigris,  gum  Arabic, 
and  water. 

ANTIGUA,  see  West  Indies. 

ANTIH^3I0PTYICUS,  AnthEemnptyious. 

ANTIHEC'TIC,  Antihec'ticus,  Antkec'ticus, 
from  avn,   'against/  and  'e^ii,  '  habit  of  body.' 


The  AntiTiec'ticum  Pote'rii  is  the  white  oxyd  of 
antimony  ;  also  called  Diaphoret'icum  Jovia'le. 

ANTIHELIX,  Anthelix. 

ANTIHELMINTICUS,  Anthelmintic. 

ANTIHEMORRHAG"IC,  AntihcBniorrhag". 
icus,  AnihcBniorrhag"icus,  from  avrt,  'against,' 
and  'atjiopjjayta,  'hemorrhage.'  That  which  is 
against  hemorrhage ;  an  antihemorrhagic  re- 
medy. 

ANTIR'EMO^'RBOIJ)' A'L,AntihcBmorr7ioida'. 
Zi's,  from  avTt,  'against,'  and  'aifioppoiits,  'hemor- 
rhoids.'    A  remedy  for  hemorrhoids. 

ANTIHERPET'IC,  Antiheipet'icus,  from  avrt, 
'against,'  and  'tfi-cg,  'herpes.'  {F.)  Antidartreux. 
A  remedy  for  herpes. 

ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC,  AntihydropTioh'iexis, 
Antilys' sua,  Alys'sus,  frova  avrt,  'against,'  'vhwji, 
'water,'  and  folios,  'dread.'  A  remedy  for  hydro- 
phobia. 

ANTIHYDROP'IC,  Aniihy  drop' icus,  Hydrop'- 
icus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  'vSpwip, '  dropsy.'  A 
remedy  for  dropsy. 

ANTIHYPNOTIC,  Anthypnotie. 

ANTIHYSTERIC,  Anthysteric. 

ANTI-ICTERIC,  Anti-icter'icus, .  Icter'icua, 
from  avTi,  '  against,'  and  iKrepo;,  'jaundice.'  A 
remedy  for  iaundice. 

ANTI-IMPETIGENES,  SOLOMON'S,  see 
Liquor  Hydrargyri  oxymuriatis. 

ANTILABIUM,  Prolabium,  see  Antelabia. 

ANTILACTEUS,  Antiealactic. 

ANTILAITEUX,  Antrgalactic. 

ANTILEP'SIS,  Appjrehen'sio,  from  avriXu/i- 
jSavui,  'I  take  hold  of.'  The  mode  of  attaching  a 
bandage  over  a  diseased  part,  by  fixing  it  upon 
the  sound  part:s.  — Hippocrates.  The  mode  of 
securing  bandages,  ic,  from  slipping.  Treat- 
ment by  revulsion  or  derivation. 

ANTILETHAR'GIC,  Antilethar'gicus,  from 
avn,  'against,'  and  \r]6apyiKos,  'affected  with 
lethargy.'     A  remedy  for  lethargy. 

ANTILITH'ICS,  Antilith'ica,  Lith'ica,  from 
avTi,  ' against,' and  ^idog,  'a  stone.'  A  substance 
that  prevents  the  formation  of  calculi  in  the  uri- 
nary organs. 

The  chief  antilithics — according  as  the  calculi 
are  lithic  acid  or  phosphatic — are  alkalies  or 
acids;  with  revellents,  especially  change  of  air ; 
tonics,  as  diosma  crenata[?],  and  uva  ursi[?]. 

ANTILLY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  French  medicinal  spring,  near  Meaux, 
in  France.  The  waters  have  not  been  analyzed; 
but  astonishing  and  chimerical  effects  have  been 
ascribed  to  them. 

ANTILOBIUM,  Antitragus,  Tragus. 

ANTILOI'MIC,  Antiloi' micus,  Anfiloe'mic,  An- 
tipestilentia'lis,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  Xotpio;, 
'  the  plagrue.'     A  remedy  for  the  plague. 

ANTILO'PUS.  The  An'telope.  (F.)  Gazelle, 
from  avdos,  'a  flower,'  and  wip,  'the  eye'  —  so 
called  from  its  beautiful  eye.  An  African  animal, 
whose  hoofs  and  horns  were  formerly  given  in 
hysteric  and  epileptic  cases. 

ANTILYSSUS,  Antihydrophobic. 

ANTIMEL'ANCHOLIC,  Antimelanchol'icus, 
from  avTi,  'against,'  and  iiiXay)(^o\ia,  'melan- 
choly.'    A  remedy  for  melancholj'. 

ANTIMEPHIT'IC,  Antimephit'icus,irQm  avrt, 
'against,'  and  mepliific.  A  remedy  against  me- 
phitic  or  deleterious  gases. 

ANTIMIASMAT'IC,  Antimiasmat'icus,  from 
avn,  'against,'  and  p.iaafia,  fiiaajiarog,  'miasma.' 
A  remedy  against  miasmatic  affections. 

ANTIMOINE,  Antimonium  —  a.  Beurre  d', 
Antimonium  muriatum — a.  Chlorure  d',  Antimo- 
nium muriatum — a.  Oxide  d',  Algaroth — a.  Oxide 
hlanc  d\  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a.  Smifre 
dore  d',  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prsecipitatum  — 
a.  Sidfure  d',  Antimonium — a,  Sulfure,  hydrosul- 


ANTIMONIAL 


73 


ANTIMONIUxM 


phure  rouge  d',  Antimonii  sulphuretum  rubrum 
— a.  Verre  d',  Antimonii  vitrum. 

ANT1M0''S1  ALyAntinomia' Us,  Sdhia'lis,  from 
anttinonium,  'antimony.'  A  composition  into 
which  antimony  enters.  A  preparation  of  anti- 
mony. 

ANTiJfo'NiAL  Powder,  Pulms  antimonia'lis, 
Ox'idum  aiitimo'nii  cicm  phos'pkate  calcis,  Phos- 
phas  calcis  stibia'tus  seu  cal'cicum  stibin'tum, 
Pul'vis  Jame'sii  seu  stibia'tus  seu  de  phos'pkate 
calcis  et  stib'ii  comjjositus,  Factitious  James's 
Powder,  Schwanberg's  Fever  Powder,  Chene- 
Vix's  AntimoniaJ  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre  antimo- 
niale  composee  ou  de  James.  A  peroxide  of  an- 
timony combined  with  phosphate  of  lime.  [Take 
of  common  sidphuret  of  antimony ,  Ibj  ;  hartshorn 
shavings,  Ibij.  Roast  in  an  iron  pot,  until  they 
form  a  gray  powder.  Put  this  into  a  long  pot, 
with  a  small  hole  in  the  cover.  Keep  it  in  a  red 
heat  for  two  hours,  and  grind  to  a  fine  powder.) 
This  preparation  has  long  been  esteemed  as  a 
febrifuge:  but  it  is  estremel}'  uncertain  in  its 
action.     The  ordinary  dose  is  6  or  8  grains. 

ANTIMOXIALE  CAUSTICUM,  Antimonium 
muriatum. 

ANTIMOXIATUM  SULPHUR,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  prseeipitatum — a.  Tartar,  Antimo- 
nium tartarizntum. 

ANTIMOXII  BUTYRUM,  Antimonium  mu- 
riatum— a.  Calx,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a. 
Cerussa,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a.  et  Po- 
tassae  tartras,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — a.  Mu- 
rias,  Antimonium  muriatum — a.  Oleum,  Antimo- 
nium muriatum — a.  Oxydulum  hydrosulphuratum 
aurantiacum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  praeipita- 
tum — a.  Oxydum,  see  Algaroth — a.  Oxydum  aura- 
tum,  Antimonii  sulphuratum  prseeipitatum  —  a. 
Oxydum  nitro-muriatieum,  Algaroth — a.  Oxydum 
cum  sulphure  vitrifactum,  Antimonii  vitrum  —  a. 
Oxydum  sulphuretum  vitrifactum,  Antimonii  vi- 
trum— a.  Oxysulphuretum,  A.  sulphuretum  prseei- 
pitatum— a.  Potassio-tartras,  Antimonium  tartari- 
zatum— a.  Regulus  medicinalis,  Antimonium  me- 
dicinale  —  a.  Sal,  Antimonium  tartarizatum  —  a. 
Sulphur  auratum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  praj- 
eipitatum  —  a.  Sulphur  praseipitatum,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  prseeipitatum  —  a.  Sulphuretum, 
Antimonium. 

Axtimo'nii  Sclphure'tum  PrvEcipita'tum, 
Sulphur  antimoma'tum,  Hi/drosulphure'tum  sti- 
bio'sum  cum  sul'phure,  Oxo'des  stib'ii  sulphura'- 
tum,  Oxi/d'ulum  antimo'nii  hydrosnlphura'tum 
auranti'acum,  Ox'ydnm  aura'tura  atitimo'm'i,  Sul- 
phure'titm  stib'ii  oxydula'ti,  Hydro-sulfure'twn 
lu'teum  ox'ydi  stib'ii  sulfura'ti.  Sulphur  antimo'- 
nii prcBcipita'tum,  Sulphur  aara'tum  antimo'nii, 
Golden  SnlpAur  of  Antimony. 

Antinio' nii  Sulpihure'tum  PrcRcipitatum,  A.  Oxy- 
sxdphuretum,  (F.)  Soufre  dore  d'Antimoine,  of  the 
London  Pharmacopoeia,  is  nearly  the  same  as  the 
old  Kermes  or  Chermes  Mineral.  It  is  a  powder 
of  an  orange  colour,  of  a  metallic,  styptic  taste. 
It  is  emetic,  diaphoretic,  and  cathartic,  according 
to  the  dose;  and  has  been  chiefly  used  in  chronic 
rheumatism,  and  in  cutaneous  affections.  Dose, 
gr.  j  to  gr.  iv. 

Antimonii  Sulphuretum  PrcBcipitntum,  of  the 
United  States  Pharmacopoeia,  is  made  by  boiling 
together  Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  in  fine  powder, 
Solution  of  Potassa,  and  distilled  water ;  strain- 
ing the  liquor  while  hot,  and  dropping  into  it 
Diluted  Sulpihuric  Acid  so  long  as  it  produces  a 
precipitate. 

Antimo'nii  Sulphure'tum  Rcbrum,  i?ec?  SuV- 
phuret  of  Antimony,  Hydrosulfure'tum  stib'ii 
rubrum,  Sub-hydrosul'fas  stib'ii,Hydro-sidphure'- 
tum,  7-ubrum  stib'ii  sulphura'ti,  Pulcis  Carthusia- 
no'rum,  Kermes  or  Chermes  mineral,  (F.)  Hydro- 
sulfure  rouge  d'Antimoine  sulfure,  Vermilion  de 


Provence.  Properties  the  same  as  the  last.  Dose, 
gr.  j  to  gr.  iv. 

Axtimoxii  Tartras,  Antimonium  tartarizatum 
— a.  Tartras  et  Potassse,  Antimonium  tartarizatum 
— a.  Vitrum  hyacinthinum,  Antimonii  vitrum — a. 
Tersulphuretum,  Antimonium. 

Antimo'iMI  Vitrum,  Glass  of  Antimony,  Anti- 
mo'nii ox'ydum  sulphure' turn  vitrifac'tum,  Ox'- 
ydum  stib'ii  semivit'reum,  Antimo'nium  vitrifac'- 
tum,  Ox'ydum  antimo'nii  cum  sul'phure  vitrifac- 
tum, Vitrum  stib'ii,  Antimo'nii  vitrum  hyricin'- 
thinum,  Oxyd'ulum  stib'ii  vitrea'tum,  (F.)  Verre 
d'Antimoine.  (Formed  by  roasting  powdered 
common  antimony  in  a  shallow  vessel,  over  a 
gentle  fire,  till  it  is  of  a  whitish  gray  colour,  and 
emits  no  fumes  in  a  red  heat;  then  melting  it,  on 
a  quick  fire,  into  a  clean,  brownish  red  glass.) 
It  has  been  used  for  preparing  the  tartarized 
antimony  and  antimonial  wine. 

ANTIMONIOUS  ACID,  Antimonium  diapho- 
reticum. 

ANTIMO'NIUM,  of  unknown  derivation  ;  by 
some  supposed  to  be  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
liovos,  'alone;'  i.  e.  not  found  alone:  or,  accord- 
ing to  others,  from  am,  'against,'  and  moine,  'a 
monk;'  because,  it  is  asserted,  certain  monks 
suffered  much  from  it.  Stibi,  Stib'ium,  Reg'ulus 
Antimo'nii,  Minera'lium,  Gyncece' urn ,  JIagne'sia 
Satur'ni,  Marcasi'ta  plum'bea,  PlatyojjhthaV mon, 
Stim'mi,  Aiirum  lepro'sum,  Antimo'nium  crudum, 
Antimo'nii  sulphure' turn  (Ph.  U.  S.),  A.  Tersul- 
phure'tnm,  Suljjhure'tum  stib'ii  nigrum.  Common 
or  Crude  Antimony,  Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  (F.) 
Antimoine,  Sulfure  d'Antimoine.  Sulphuret  of 
antimony  is  the  ore  from  which  all  the  prepara- 
tions of  antimony  are  formed.  In  Pharmacy,  it 
is  the  native  sesquisulphuret  of  antimony,  puri- 
fied by  fusion.  When  prepared  fur  medical  use, 
by  trituration  and  levigation,  it  forms  a  powder, 
Antimo'nii  sidphure'tum  p>''CEpnra'tum,  (Ph.  D.) 
of  a  black,  or  bluish  gray  colour,  which  is  inso- 
luble. It  is  slightly  diaphoretic  and  alterative, 
and  has  been  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  cuta- 
neous diseases,  &c. 

Antimonium  Album,  Bismuth — a.  Calcinatum, 
Antimonium  diaphoreticum. 

Antimo'nium  Diaphoret'icum,  Diaphoret'ic 
Antimony,  Antimo'nious  Acid,  Min'eral  Bez'oard,- 
Antimo'nium  Calcina'tum,  Mineral  Diaphoret'ic, 
Matiere  perlee  de  Kerkring,  Peroxide  of  Anti- 
mony, Calx  Antimo'nii,  Antimo'nium  diaphoret'- 
icum latum,  Cerus'sa  Antimo'nii,  Calx  Antimo'nii 
elo'ta,  Oxo'des  stib'ii  album,  Ox'ydum  stibio' sum, 
Ox'ydAim  stib'ii  album  median'te  nitro  confectum, 
Potassa  biantimo'nias,  Deutoxide  of  Antimony, 
(F.)  Oxide  blanc  dJ Antimoine  prepare  par  le 
rnoyen  du  nitre.  [Common  antimony,  ibj;  purified 
nitre,  Ibiij. — Throw  it  by  spoonfuls  into  a  red-hot 
crucible;  powder  and  wash.  The  flowers  tbat 
stick  to  the  side  of  the  crucible  must  be  carefully 
separated,  otherwise  they  render  it  emetic) 
Dose,  gr.  x.  to  xxx. 

Antimonium  Emeticum,  A.  tartarizatum. 

Antimo'nium  Medicina'le,  Reg'xdus  Antimo'- 
nii Medicina'lis,  Medic"inal  Eeg'ulus  of  Anti- 
mony. [Antimon.  suljihur.  ^v  Potass,  subcarb. 
§i  Sodii  chlorid.  ^iv.  Powder,  mi.x,  and  melt. 
When  cold,  separate  the  scoriae  at  top,  powder 
the  mass,  and  wash  it  well.)  It  is  conceived  to 
be  more  active  than  common  antimony. 

Antimo'nium  Muria'tum,  Antimu'nii  Mu'rias, 
Chlor'uret  of  An'timony,  Chlorure'tum  stib'ii, 
Spuma  trium  draco'nnm,  Deuto-murias  stib'ii 
sublima'tns.  Butter  of  Antimony,  Muriate  of  An- 
timony, Chloride  of  Antimony,  Buty'rum  Antimo'- 
nii seu  stib'ii,  O'leum  Antimo'nii,  Cans' ticum  anti- 
monia'le,  Antimonium  suli'tum,  (F.)  Chlorure 
d'Antimoine,  Beurre  d' Antimoine.     (Common  an- 


ANTIMONY 


74 


ANTIPHYSICAL 


timony  and  corrosive  sublimate,  of  each  equal 
parts  :  grind  together,  and  distil  in  a  wide-necked 
retort,  and  let  the  butyraoeous  matter,  that  comes 
over,  run,  in  a  moist  place,  to  a  liquid  oil.)  A 
caustic,  but  not  much  used  as  such.  Sometimes 
taken  as  poison. 

Antimonidm  Salitum,  Antimonium  muriatum. 
Antimo'nidm  Tartariza'tum,  Tartras  anti- 
mo'nii,  Tartras  Anfimo'nii  et  Potasses,  Antimo'- 
nii  et  Potassm  Tartras  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Antimo'nii 
potas'sio-tartras,  Tartris  Antimo'nii,  Tartar  An- 
timonia' turn,  Sal  Antimo'nii,  Tartras  Potas'scB 
stibio'sus  seu  stihia'lis,  Tartris  lixiv'icB  stihia'tus, 
Deato-tartras  potas'scB  et  stih'ii,  Tar'tarus  eniet'- 
icus  seu  stihia'tus,  Tar'tarum  emet'icum,  Antinio'- 
nium  emet'icum,  Tar' tarizecl  An'timony,  Tartrate 
of  Antimony  and  potas'sa,  Potassio-tartrate  of 
Antimony,  Eniet'ic  Tartar,  Tartar  Emetic,  (F.) 
Tartre  stihie,  Tartre  Enetique,  Emetique ;  in 
some  parts  of  the  United  States,  vulgarly  and 
improperly  called  Tartar:  (Made  by  digesting 
aulphuret  of  antimony  in  a  mixture  of  nitric  and 
mjiriatic  acids  with  the  aid  of  heatj  filtering  the 
liquor,  and  pouring  it  into  water:  freeing  the 
precipitate  from  acid,  by  washing  and  drying  it ; 
adding  this  powder  to  hitartrate  of  potassa  in 
boiling  dintilled  water ;  boiling  for  an  hour,  and 
after  filtering  the  liquor  while  hot,  setting  it 
aside  to  crystallize. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Tartarized  an- 
timony is  emetic,  sometimes  cathartic  and  dia- 
phoretic. Externally,  it  is  rubefacient,  and  in 
the  form  of  ointment,  more  especially  unguentum 
anti'monii  is  used  to  cause  pustulation.  Dose,  as 
an  emetic,  gr.  j  to  gr.  iv  in  solution:  as  a  dia- 
phoretic, gr.  one-sixteenth  to  gr.  one-quarter. 

The  empirical  preparation,  called  Norris's 
Drops,  consists  of  a  solution  of  tartarized  anti- 
mony in  rectified  spirit,  disguised  by  the  addi- 
tion of  some  vegetable  colouring  matter. 

Antimonium  Vitrifactum,  Antimonii  vitrum. 
ANTIMONY,  Antimonium  —  a.  Butter  of, 
Antimonium  muriatum  —  a.  Chloride  of,  Anti- 
monium muriatum  —  a.  Chloruret  of,  Antimo- 
nium muriatum  —  a.  Common,  Antimonium  — 
a.  Crude,  Antimonium —  a.  Deutoxide  of,  Anti- 
monium diaphoreticum — a.  Flowers  of.  Alga- 
roth — a.  Glass  of,  Antimonii  vitrum — a.  Golden 
sulphur  of,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prsecipitatum 
— a.  Medicinal  regulus  of,  Antimonium  medici- 
nale — a.  Muriate  of,  Antimonium  muriatum — a. 
Peroxide  of,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum  —  a. 
Potassio-tartrate  of,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — 
a.  Sulphuret  of,  red,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  ru- 
Ijrum — a.  Tartarized,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — 
a.  Terchloride  of,  see  Algaroth  —  a.  Teroxide  of, 
see  Algaroth — a.  Vegetable,  Eupatorium  perfoli- 
atum. 

Antimony  and  Potassa,  Tartrate  of,  Anti- 
monium tartarizatum. 

ANTINEPHRIT'IC,    Antinephret'ic,    Antine- 
pliret'icus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  v£(pptTi;,  'ne- 
phritis.' Aremedvfor  inflammaiion  of  the  kidney. 
ANTINEURO'PATHIC,  Nervine. 
ANTINEUROTIC,  Nervine. 
ANTINIAD,  see  Antinial. 
ANTIN'IAL,  from   avn,  'against,'  and  iviov, 
'the   ridge  of  the  occiput.'     An  epithet  for  an 
aspect  towards  the  side  opposite  to  the  inion,  or 
ridge  of  the  occiput. — Barclay.    Antiniad  is  used 
adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to  signify  'to- 
wards the  antinial  aspect.' 

ANTI'OCHI  HI'ERA.  A  preparation  ex- 
tolled by  the  ancients  in  melancholy,  hydropho- 
bia, epilepsy,  &c.  It  was  formed  of  germander, 
agaric,  pulp  of  colocynth,  Arabian  scoechas,  opo- 
ponax,  sagapenum,  parsley,  aristolochia,  white 
pepper,  cinnamon,  lavender,  myrrh,  honey,  &c. 

Antiochi  Theriaca.  A  theriac  employed  by 
Antiocbus  against  every  kind  of  poison.     It  was 


composed   of  thyme,    opoponax,    millet,   trefoil, 
fennel,  aniseed,  nigella  sativa,  &c. 

ANTIODONTAL'GIC,  Antodontal'gic,  Anto- 
dontal'gicus,  Odontal'gie,  Odont'ic,  Antiodontal'- 
gicus,  from  avn  'against,'  and  oSovraXyia,  '  tooth- 
ache.'    A  remedy  for  toothache. 

ANTIORGAS'TIC,  Antiorgas'ticus,  from  avrt, 
'against,'  and  opyaui,  'I  desire  vehemently.'  A 
remedy  for  orgasm  or  erethism,  and  for  irritation 
in  general. 

ANTIPARALYT'IC,  Antiparalyt'icus,  from 
avTi,  'against,'  and  TrapaXvatg,  'palsy.'  Opposed 
to  palsy. 

ANTIPARASITIC,  Antipyarasit'icns,  Anti- 
phtheiriacns,  Pkthi'rius,  Parasit'icide  ;  from  avTi, 
'  against,' and  ^rapaairo;,  'a  parasite.'  An  agent 
that  destroys  parasites,  as  the  different  vermin 
that  infest  the  body.  The  chief  antiparasitics 
are  Coccnlus,  Staphisagria,  Veratrum  album,  and 
certain  of  the  mercurial  preparations. 

ANTIPARASTATI'TIS,  from  avn,  'opposite,' 
and  napaaraTrii,  '  the  epididymis  ;'  also,  '  the  pros- 
tate,' and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  Cowper's  glands. 

ANTIPATHI'A,  from  qitj,  'against,'  and  naOo;, 
'passion,  afi'ection.'  Aversion.  A  natural  re- 
pugnance to  any  person  or  thing. 

ANTIPATH'IC,  Antipafh'icus,  (F.)  Antipu- 
thiqiie.  Belonging  to  antipathy.  Opposite,  con- 
trary,— as  hnmeurs  antipathiques ;  humours  op- 
posed to  each  other.     Also,  palliatives. 

ANTIP'ATRI  THERIACA,  Theriac  of  An- 
tip'ater.  a  farrago  of  more  than  40  articles  : 
used  as  an  antidote  against  the  bites  of  serpents. 

ANTIPERIOD'IC,  Antiperiod'icus,  Antityp'- 
?'cus,  from  avTi,  'against,'  and  litpioboi;,  'period.' 
A  remedy  which  possesses  the  power  of  arresting 
morbid  periodical  movements  ; — e.  g.  the  sulphate 
of  quinia  in  intermittents. 

ANTIPERISTAL'TIC,  Antiperistal'tiens,  An- 
tivermic'idar,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  -reptaTcWoi, 
'I  contract.'  An  inverted  action  of  the  inte.stinal 
tube. 

ANTIPERIS'TASIS,from  avn,  'against,' and 
n-E/jtorao-is,  'reunion,  aggregation.'  A  union  of 
opposite  circumstances  :  the  action  of  two  con- 
trary qualities,  one  of  which  augments  the  force 
of  the  other.  The  peripateticians  asserted,  that 
it  is  by  Antiperistasis,  that  fire  is  hotter  in  winter 
than  in  summer.  Theophrastus  attributes  the 
cause,  which  renders  man  more  vigorous,  and 
makes  him  digest  more  readily  in  winter,  to  the 
augmentation  of  heat  caused  by  Antiperistasis. 

ANTIPER'NIUS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
Pernio,  'a  chilblain.'  A  remedy  against  chil- 
blains ; — as  Unguen'tum  antiper'nium,  an  oint- 
ment for  chilblains. 

ANTIPERTUSSIS,  see  Zinci  sulphas. 

ANTIPESTILENTIALIS,  Antiloimic. 

ANTIPHARMACUS.  Alexipharmic. 

ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC,  AntijMogis'ticus,  Plilo- 
go'gus,  from  avn,  '  against,'  and  ^Atyoj,  '  I  burn.' 
Opposed  to  inflammation;  as  Antiphlogistic  re- 
medies, A.  regimen,  &c. 

ANTIPHTHEIRIACA,  Antiphthiriaca,  from 
avn,  'against,'  and  ^S-uptaixi,  'I  am  lousy.'  A 
remedy  used  to  destroy  lice. 

ANTIPHTHIS'ICAL,  Antiphthis'icns,  from 
avn,  'against,'  and  ^^tcris,  'consumption.'  Op 
posed  to  phthisis. 

ANTIPHYSETICS,  Carminatives. 

ANTIPHYSICA,  Carminatives. 

ANTTPHYS'ICAL,  Antiphys' icus,  from  avn, 
'against,' and  (pvcaw,  'I  blow.'  An  expeller  of 
wind :  a  carminative. 

It  has  also  been  used  for  any  thing  preterna- 
tural;  here,  the  derivation  is  from  avn,  'against,* 
and  (pvaig,  'nature.'  The  French  sometimes  say, 
'Un  go&t  antipthysique,'  'an  unnatural  taste.' 


ANTIPLASTIC 


ANTRUM 


ANTIPLAS'TIC,  Antiplas'ticus,  PlastUyt'ic, 
PlaBtilyt'ims,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  n'XaaTiKos, 
'formative.'  Antiformative.  An  agent  that 
iiminishes  the  quantity  of  plastic  matter — fibrin 
— in  the  blood. 

ANTIPLEURIT'IC,  Anti2ileuret'ieus,  Anti- 
■pleuret'ic,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  vXcvpins, 
'pleurisy.'     Opposed  to  pleurisy. 

ANTIPNEUMON'IC,  Antipneumon'icus,  from 
avTi,  'against,'  and  Tivtvfunvia,  'disease  or  inflam- 
mation of  the  lungs.'  A  remedy  for  disease  or 
inflammation  of  the  lungs. 

ANTIPODAGRIC,  Antiarthritic. 

ANTIPRAX'IS,  from  avTi,  'against,'  and 
rrpaaaia,  'I  act.'  A  contrary  state  of  different 
parts  in  the  same  patient:  e.  g.  an  increase  of 
heat  in  one  organ,  and  diminution  in  another. 

ANTIPSOR'IC,  Aittipso'n'cus,  Antisca'bioiis, 
from  avTt,  'against,'  and  i/wpa,  'the  itch.'  (F.) 
Antigaleux.     Opposed  to  the  itch. 

ANTIPUTRID,  Antiseptic. 

ANTIPY'IC,  Antt'pi/'icus,  from  avn,  'against,' 
and  -iTvnv,  'pus.'     Opposed  to  suppuration. 

ANTIPYRETIC,  Febrifuge. 

ANTIPYROT'IC,  Antqiijrot'icii^,  from  avri, 
'against,'  and  zvp,  'fire.'  Opposed  to  burns  or 
to  pyrosis. 

ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM,  Anfiquar'thim.  A 
remedy  formerly  used  against  quartan  fever. 

ANTIQUUS,  Chronic. 

ANTIRHACHIT'IC,  AntirhacJiit'icus,  from 
avri,  'against,'  and  rachitis.  Opposed  to  rachitis, 
or  rickets. 

ANTIRHEUMAT'IC,  AntirrJieumat'icus;  from 
avTi,  '  against,' and  pevfia,  'rheumatism.'  A  re- 
medy for  rheumatism. 

ANTIRHINUM  ACUTANGULUM,  A.  Lina- 
ria — a.  Auriculatum,  A.  Elatine. 

Antirhi'num  Elati'ne,  A.  auricula'tum,  Ela- 
ti'ne,  E.  hasta'ta,  Lina'i-ia  elati'ne,  Cymbala' ria 
elati'ne,  Fluellen  or  Female  Speedwell,  was  for- 
merly used  against  scurvy  and  old  ulcerations. 

ANTiRHiMnM  Hederaceum,  a.  Linaria  —  a. 
Hederfefolium,  A.  Linaria. 

Antirhi'num  Lina'ria,  A.  hedera'ceum  seu 
hedercBfo'lium  seu  acutan' gidum,  Lina'ria,  L. 
vulga'ria  seu  cymhala'ria,  Elati'ne  cyiiihala'- 
ria,  Cymbala'r-ia  mura'lis,  Osy'ris,  Urina'ria, 
Common  Toad  Flax,  (F.)  Linaire.  Ord.  Scrophu- 
lariacefe.  The  leaves  have  a  bitterish  taste.  They 
are  reputed  to  be  diuretic  and  cathartic.  An 
ointment  made  from  them  has  been  extolled  in 
hemorrhoids. 

ANTISCABIOUS,  Antipsoric. 

ANTISCIRRHOUS.  Anticancerous. 

ANTISCOLETICUS,  Anthelmintic. 

ANTISCOLICUS,  Anthelmintic. 

ANTISCORBU'TIC,  Antiscorbu'ticus,  from 
avri,  '  against,'  and  scorbutus,  '  the  scurvy.'  Op- 
posed to  scurvy. 

ANTISCROF'ULOUS,  Antiscroph'idous,  An- 
tiscrofulo'sus,  Aniistrumo'sus,  Antichcerad'icus. 
Opposed  to  scrofula. 

ANTISEP'TIC,  Aniisep'ticjis,  Antipu'trid, 
from  avTL,  'against,'  and  arj-KTog,  'putrid.'  Anti- 
putredino'stis.  Opposed  to  putrefaction.  The 
chief  antiseptics,  internally  or  externally  em- 
ployed, are  Acidum  3/iiriaticmn,  Acidum  Nitri- 
cum,  Acidum  Sidphuricum,  Alumince  sulphas, 
Carbo  Ligni,  Calx  Chlorinata,  Chlorin'ium,  Cin- 
chona and  its  active  principles,  Creasote,  Baud 
Radix,  Ferinentum  CerevisicE,  Soda  Chlorinata, 
and  Zinci  Chloridum. 

ANTISIAL'AGOGTTE,  Antisialago'gus,  Anti- 
si'alus,  from  avn,  '  against,' and  maXov,  'saliva.' 
A  remedy  against  ptyalism. 

ANTISPASIS,  Derivation,  Revulsion. 

ANTISPASMOD'IC,  Antispasmod'icus,  Anti- 
sptas'ticus,  from  avTi,  'against,  and  a-rcaiD,  'I  con- 


tract.' Opposed  to  spasm.  The  whole  operation 
of  antispasmodics  is  probably  revulsive.  The 
following  are  the  chief  reputed  antispasmodics. 
^ther  Sulphuricus,  Asafietida,  Castoreum,  Dra- 
contium,  Moschus,  Oleum  Animale  Dippelii,  and 
Valeriana — with  the  mental  antispasmodics,  ab- 
straction, powerful  emotions,  fear,  &0.  Of  direct 
antispasmodics,  we  have  no  example. 

ANTISPASTICUS,  Antispasmodic,  Deriva- 
tive. 

ANTISQUA'MIC,  Antisqria'micus  ;  from  anti, 
'against,'  and  squama,  'a  scale.'  A  name  given 
by  Mr.  Headland  to  a  medicine,  which,  by  acting 
on  the  blood,  removes  cutaneous  afiections.  The 
name  is  inappropriate,  as  the  true  scalj'  diseases 
— lepra  and  psoriasis — are  not  the  only  ones  that 
require  the  use  of  eutrophics. 

ANTISTASIS,  Antagonism. 

ANTISTERYG'MA,  from  avTi,  'against,'  and 
arripvyiia,  'a  support.'  A  fulcrum,  support,  crutch. 
— Hippocrates. 

ANTISTER'NUM,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
uTcpvov,  'the  sternum.'     The  back. — Rufus. 

ANTISTRUMOUS,  Antiscrofulous. 

ANTISYPHILIT'IC,  Antisyph-ilit'icus,  from 
avTi,  '  against,'  and  syphilis,  '  the  venereal  dis- 
ease.'    Opposed  to  the  venereal  disease. 

ANTITASIS,  Counter-extension. 

ANTITHENAR,  Opponens  poUicis,  Adductor 
poUicis  pedis. 

ANTITHERMA,  Refrigerants. 

ANTITHORA,  Aconitum  anthora. 

ANTITRAG'ICUS,  Antitra'geus,  (F.)  Muscle 
de  rAntitragus,  31.  antitragien. — (Ch.)  Belong- 
ing to  the  antitragus.  A  small  muscle  is  so 
called,  the  existence  of  which  is  not  constant. 
It  occupies  the  space  between  the  antitragus  and 
anthelix. 

ANTITRAGIEN,  Antitragieus. 

ANTIT'RAGUS,  from  ai/n,  'opposite  to,'  and 
rpayog,  '  the  tragus,'  Antilo'bium,.  Oblo'bium.  A 
conical  eminence  on  the  pavilion  of  the  ear,  op- 
posite the  tragus. 

ANTITYP'IA,  from  avn,  'against,' and  tvtttw, 
'I  strike.'  Resistance.  Hardness.  Repercus- 
sion. 

ANTITYPICUS,  Antiperiodic. 

ANTIVENE'REAL,  Antivene'reus,  from  avn, 
'against,'  and  Venus,  'Venus.'  The  same  as  An- 
tisyphilitic.  Formerly  it  was  used  synonymously 
with  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANTIVERMICULAR,  Antiperistaltic. 

ANTIVERMINOSUS,  Anthelmintic. 

ANT'LIA  or  ANTLI'A,  from  avrXuv,  'to 
pump  out'  A  syringe;  a  pump.  Hence,  Antlia 
lac'tea,  Lactisu'gium,  a  breast-pump:  and  Antlia 
sanguisu'ga,  Antibdel'la,  Hiru'do  artificia'lis,  the 
exhausting  syringe  used  in  cupping. 

Antlia  Gastrica,  Stomach-pump. 

ANTODONTALGIC,  Antiodontalgie. 

ANTODYNUS,  Anodyne. 

ANTRAX,  Anthrax. 

ANTRE,  Antrum  —  a.  d'Hyghmore,  Antrum 
of  Highmore. 

ANTROVERSIO,  Anteversio. 

ANTRUM, 'a  cavern,'  Cavern'a,  Ba7-'athru'm, 
(F.)  Autre.  A  name  given  to  certain  cavities  in 
bones,  the  entrance  to  which  is  smaller  than  the 
bottom. 

Antrum  Auris,  Tympanum — a.  Buccinosum, 
Cochlea,  Labyrinth  —  a.  Dentale,  see  Tooth  —  a. 
Pylori,  see  Stomach. 

Antrum  op  Highmore,  Antrum  Highmoria'- 
num  seu  Gena  seu  maxiUa're  seu  m.axi'l'la;  supe- 
rio'ris,  Genyan'trum,  Gnathan'trum,  Max'illary 
Sinus,  Sinus  GencBpituita'rius,  (E.)  Antre  d' Hygh- 
more,  Sinus  Maxillaire.  A  deep  cavity  in  the 
substance  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone  com- 
municating with  the  middle  meatus  of  the  nose. 


ANTSJAR 


76 


APERIE^^T 


It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  Schneiderian 
membrane, 

ANTSJAR,  Upas. 
ANULARIS,  Annular. 
ANULUS,  Fossette. 
ANURESIS,  Ischuria. 
ANURIA,  Ischuria. 
ANUROCRINIE,  see  Ischuria. 
ANURORRHEE,  see  Ischuria. 
ANUS,  'a  circle,'  Podex,  Potex,  MoVyne,  Mo- 
hjn'ie,  Dactyl'ios,  Cath'edi'a,   Ci/r'ceon,  Cys'saros, 
Cysthos,   Aph'edra,  Aph'edron,    Hedra,   Proctos, 
Archos,  Sedes,  Cuius,  Cu'leon.     The  circular  open- 
ing situate  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  rectum, 
by  which  the  excrement  is  expelled.    The /uHcZa- 
iient.     The  body.     The  eeat,  (F.)  Siege,  Fonde- 
ment. 

Anus  also  signifies  the  anterior  orifice  of  the 
Aqueduct  of  Sylvius.  By  some,  this  Anus,  called, 
also,  Fora'men  commu'ne  2}c^t^'rius,  has  been 
supposed  to  form  a  communication  between  the 
back  part  of  the  third  ventricle  and  the  lateral 
ventricles.  It  is  closed  up,  however,  by  the  tela 
ehoroidea,  and  also  by  the  fornix,  which  is  inti- 
mately connected  with  this.  The  foramen  is 
situate  between  the  commissura  mollis  of  the 
optic  thalami  and  the  pineal  gland. 

Anus,  Artificial.  An  opening  made  artifi- 
cially, to  supply  the  place  of  the  natural  anus.  The 
term  is  often  used  to  include  preternatural  anus. 
Anus  Cerebri,  see  Aquasductus  Sylvii. 
AxDS,  Contract'ed,  (F.)  Anus  retreci.  A  state 
of  the  anus  when,  from  some  cause,  it  is  con- 
tracted. 

Anus,  Iiiper'forate.  A  malformation,  in 
which  there  is  no  natural  anus.  See  Atresia  ani 
adnata. 

Anus,  Preternat'ural,  (F.)  Anus  contre  na- 
ture, A.  anormal.  An  accidental  opening  which 
gives  issue  to  the  whole  or  to  a  part  of  the  fseces. 
It  may  be  owing  to  a  wound,  or,  which  is  more 
common,  to  gangrene  attacking  the  intestine  in 
a  hernial  sac. 

This  term  is  also  employed,  as  well  as  Anus 
devie,  de'vious  anus,  to  the  case  where  the  anus,  in- 
stead of  being  in  its  natural  situation,  is  in  some 
neighbouring  cavity,  as  the  bladder,  vagina,  etc. 
ANXIETAS,  Anxiety — a.  Praacordiorum,  see 
Anxiety. 

ANXI'ETY,  Anxi'efas,  Anxi'etude,  Adcemo'- 
nia,  Dysjjho'ria  anxi'etas,  Alys'mus,  Al'yce,  AV- 
ysis,  Ase,  (F.)  Anxiete,  from  angere,  Gr.  ay)(^nv, 
'to  strangle,  to  suffocate.'  A  state  of  restlessness 
and  agitation,  with  general  indisposition,  and  a 
distressing  sense  of  oppression  at  the  epigastrium, 
Anxi'etas  prcecordio' rum.  Inquietude,  anxiety, 
and  anguish,  represent  degrees  of  the  same  con- 
dition. 

ANYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AOCHLE'SIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  o;^Xoj,  'dis- 
turbance.'    Tranquillity,  calmness. 

AOR'TA,  Arte'ria  magna  seu  crassa  seu  max'- 
ima,  HcBmal  Axis,  of  Owen,  (F.)  Aorte.  This 
name  was  given  by  Aristotle  to  the  chief  artery 
of  the  body.  It  may  have  been  derived  from 
aoprconai,  'I  am  suspended,'  as  it  seems  to  be 
suspended  from  the  heart;  or  from  aj]p,  'air,'  and 
TTjpeo),  'I  keep,'  because  it  was  supposed  to  con- 
tain air.  It  is  probable  that  Hippocrates  meant 
by  aoprai  the  bronchia  and  their  ramifications. 
The  aorta  is  the  common  trunk  of  the  arteries  of 
the  body.  It  arises  from  the  left  ventricle  of  the 
heart,  about  opposite  to  the  fifth  dorsal  vertebra, 
passes  upwards  {ascending  Aorta),  forms  the  great 
arch,  of  the  Aorta,  and  descends  along  the  left 
of  the  spine  [descending  Aorta),  until  it  reaches 
the  middle  of  the  fourth  or  fifth  lumbar  vertebra, 
"where  it  bifurcates,  to  give  origin  to  the  common 
iliacs.     The  aorta  is  sometimes  divided  into  the 


Thoracic  or  Pectoral,  and  the  Abdominal.     For 
the  arteries  which  arise  from  it,  etc.,  see  Artery. 
AOR TASTE,  Aorteurysma. 
AORTEOTASIE,  Aorteurysma. 
AORTEURYS'MA,    from   ao^iTr,,    'the    aorta,' 
and  ivpvi,  'dilated.'    Aneurism  of  the  Aorta,  (F.) 
Anevrysme    de    I'Aorte,    Aortectasie,    Aortasie. — 
Piorry.     By  carefully  auscultating  over  the  dor- 
sal vertebrEe,  a  bellows'  sound,  with  a  deep  and 
not  always  perceptible  impulse,  may  be  detected. 
AOR'TIC,  Aor'ticus.     Relating  to  the  Aorta. 
The  Aortic  ventricle,   (F.)   Ventricule  Aortique,  is 
the  left  ventricle.     The  Aortic  valves  are  the  sig- 
moid valves  at  the  origin  of  the  Aorta,  etc. 

AORTI'TIS,  Inflamma' tio  Aor'ta,  from  Aorta, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  aorta. 

AORTRA,  Aortron.  A  lobe  of  the  lungs.— 
Hippocrate.s. 

AO'TUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  ouj,  oiTOi,  'an 
ear.'     A  monster  devoid  of  ears. — Gurlt. 

A  P  A  G  '  M  A,  Apoclas'ma,  Apocecaulis'menon, 
from  ano,  'from,'  and  ayiii,  'I  remove.'  Separa- 
tion, abduction.  Separation  of  a  fractured  bone. 
— Galenus,  Foesius. 

APAGOGE,  Defe-eation,  Inductio. 
APALACHINE,  Ilex  vomitoria — a.  a  Feuilles 
de  Prunier,  Prinos — a.  Gallis,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

APAL'LAGE,  Apallax'is,  from    a-oXarru,    'I 
change.'      Mutation,    change.      It   is   generally 
taken  in  a  good  sense,  and   means   the   change 
from  disease  to  health. — Hippocrates. 
APALLAXIS,  Apallage. 

APALOT'ICA,  from  a-aXorns,  'softness,  ten- 
derness.' Fortuitous  lesions  or  deformities  affect- 
ing the  soft  parts.  The  first  order  in  the  class 
Tychica,  of  Good. 
APANTHESIS,  Apanthismus. 
APANTHIS'MUS,  Apanthe'sis,  from  a-7:o, 
'from,'  and  avdtoi,  'I  flower.'  The  obliteration 
of  parts  previously  inservient  to  useful  purposes, 
as  of  the  ductus  venosus  and  ductus  arteriosus, 
which  are  essential  to  foetal  existence,  but  are 
subsequently  unnecessary.     See  also  Stuprum. 

APANTHRO'PIA,  from  a-o,  'from,'  and  av- 
&pii)T:oi,  'man.'  Detestation  of  man;  desire  for 
solitude. — Hippocrates.  One  of  the  symptoms 
of  hypochondriasis. 

APAPHRISMOS,  Despumation. 
APARACH'YTUM   VINUM,    from    a.    priv., 
and  7raji/a;^i)u,  'I  pour  over.'     The  purest  wine: 
that  which  has  not  been  mixed  with  sea-water. — 
Galen. 

APARINE,  Galium  aparine — a.  Hispida,  Ga- 
lium aparine. 

AP ARTHROSIS,  Diarthrosis. 
AP'ATHY,  Apathi'a,  Ameli'a,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  Tza^os,  'affection.'  (F.)  Apathie.  Ac- 
cidental suspension  of  the  moral  feelings.  It 
takes  place  in  very  severe  diseases,  particularly 
in  malignant  fevers. 

APECHE'MA,  from  a-ao,  'from,'  and  ijX"^' 
'sound.'  Properly  the  action  of  reflecting  sound. 
In  medicine,  it  is  synonymous  with  the  Latin 
Contrafissura,  a  counter-fissure,  a  counter-blow. 
— Gorrfeus,  Celsus. 

APECTOCEPHALUS,  Acephalothorus. 
APEL'LA,  AppeVla,  Leipoder'mos,  Becuti'tns, 
from  a,  priv.,  &nd.  pellis,  'skin.'  One  whose  pre- 
puce does  not  cover  the  glans. —  Galenus,  Lin- 
nasus,  Vogel.  Retraction  or  smallness  of  any 
other  soft  appendage. — Sagar.  One  who  is  cir- 
cumcised. 

APEPSIA.  Dyspepsia. 

APE'RIENT,  Ape'riens,  Aperiti'vns,  from  ape- 
rire  {ab  and  pario),  'to  open.'  Res' erans.  A 
laxative.  (F.)  Aperitif.  A  medicine  which 
gently  opens  the  bowels.  The  term  had  for- 
merly a  much  more  extensive  signification,  and, 


APERISTATON 


APIASTEUM 


like  Cntalyt'iciim,  was  given  to  a  substance  sup- 
posed to  have  the  power  of  opening  any  of  the 
passages,  and  even  the  blood-vessels. 

APERIS'TATON',  Aperis'tatum,  from   a,  pri- 
vative, and  T!£()iaTj]iJi,  'I  surround.'     An  epithet 
for  an  ulcer  not  dangerous  nor  considerable   nor 
surrounded  by  inflammation. 
APERITIF,  Aperient. 
APERITIVUS,  Aperient. 
APERTOR   OCULI,  Levator  palpebrffi  supe- 
rioris. 

APERTO'RIUM,  from  aperio,  'I  open.'     An 

instrument  for  dilating  the  os  uteri  during  labour. 

APERTURA,  Mouth  —  a.  Anterior  ventriculi 

tertii  cerebri,  Vulva  (cerebri) — a.  Pelvis  superior, 

kee  Pelvis. 

APEUTHYSMENOS,  Rectum. 
APEX,  3[uc)-o.     The  point  or  extremity  of  a 
part, — as  the  apex  of  the  tongue,  nose,  etc. 
Apex  LiNsu.fi,  Proglossis. 
APH.ERESIS,  Apheresis,  Extirpation. 
APHALANGI'ASIS,  from  a,  'intensive,'  and 
(paXay^,  'phalanx.'     The  fourth  stage  of  Oriental 
lepros}',  which  is  recognised  chiefly  by  a  gangre- 
nous condition  of  the  fingers. 

APHASSOM'ENOS,  from  a<pac,7io,  'I  touch,  I 
feel.'     The  touching  of  the  parts  of  generation 
of  the  female  as  a  means  of  diagnosis. — Hippo- 
crates.    See  Esaphe. 
APHEDRA,  Anus. 
APHEDRLl,  Menses. 
APHEDRON,  Anus. 

APHELI'A,  aiisXri;,  'simple.'  Simplicity. 
The  simple  manners  of  the  sect  of  Methodists  in 
teaching  and  practising  medicine. 

APHBLX'IA,  from  a<pe\Kto,  '1  abstract.'  Vo- 
luntary inactivity  of  the  whole  or  the  greater 
part  of  the  external  senses  to  the  impressions  of 
surrounding  objects,  during  wakefulness.  lie- 
very,  (F.)  Reverie.  Dr.  Good  has  introduced 
this  into  his  Nosology,  as  well  as  Aphelx'ia.  so- 
cors  or  absence  of  mind — A.  infen'ta  or  abstrac- 
tion of  mind:  and  A.  otio'sa,  Stu'dium  ina'ne, 
Genospu'dia,  brown  study  or  listless  musing. 
APHEPSEMA,  Decoction. 
APHEPSIS,  Decoction. 

APHE'RESIS,  AphcB'resis,  from  a(paipt(a,  'I 
take  away.'  An  operation  by  which  any  part  of 
the  body  is  separated  from  the  other.  Hippo- 
crates, according  to  Foesius,  uses  the  expression 
Aj^hm'resis  San'guinis  for  excessive  hemorrhage; 
and  Sennertus,  to  express  the  condition  of  an 
animal  deprived  both  of  the  faculties  of  the  mind 
and  of  the  mind  itself. 

APH'ESIS,  from  aipirifii,  'I  relax.'  A  remis- 
sion. This  word  expresses  sometimes  the  dimi- 
nution or  cessation  of  a  disease;  at  others,  lan- 
guor and  debility  of  the  lower  extremities.  See 
Languor,  and  Remission. 

APHILAN'THROPY,  Aphlanthro'pia,  from  a, 
privative,  (fit'Xcoi,  'I  love,'  and  avS-pw-og.  'a  man.' 
Dislike  to  man.     Love  of  solitude.     Vogel   has 
given  this  name  to  the  first  degree  of  melancholy. 
APHISTESIS,  Abscess. 
APHODEUMA,  Excrement. 
APHODUS,  Excrement. 
APHOXETUS,  Aphonus. 

APHO'NIA,  Z!'(/a7('o  lingua,  Loque'la  ahol'ita, 
Defec'tus  loque'lce,  Dyspho'nia,  (of  some,)  Aph'- 
ony,  (F.)  Aphonic,  Perte  de  la  Voix,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  (phivT},  'voice.'  Privation  of  voice,  or 
of  the  sounds  that  ought  to  be  produced  in  the 
glottis.  When  aphonia  forms  part  of  catarrh  or 
of 'cold,'  it  is  commonly  but  of  little  consequence; 
but  when  produced  by  causes  acting  on  the  ner- 
vous system,  as  by  some  powerful  emotion,  or 
without  any  appreciable  lesion  of  the  vocal  appa- 
ratus, {Laryngo-paralysis,)  it  frequently  resists 
al'  remedies. 


Aphon'ia,  Catalepsy  —  a.  Surdorum,  Mutitas 
3urdorum. 

APHONICUS,  Aphonus. 

APHO'NIJS,    A2:>ho'nicus,    Aplio'netus;    same 
ety.TQon.     Relating  to  aphonia. 
APHONY,  Aphonia. 
APHORIA,  Sterilitas. 
APHORICUS,  Sterile, 
APHORUS^  Sterile. 

APHOR'ME,  a(pop^r],  'occasion.'  The  exter- 
nal and  manifest  cause  of  any  thing.  The  occa- 
sional cause  of  a  disease. — Hippocrates. 

APHRO'DES,    'frothy,'    from    aippos,    'foam,' 
and  u&os,  'resemblance.'     Applied  to  the  blood 
and  the  excrements. — Hippocrates. 
APHRODISIA,  Coition,  Puberty. 
APHRODIS'IAC,  Aphrodisiacus,  from    A0po- 
liTT],    'Venus,'    (F.)    Aphrodisiaque.      Medicine 
or  food  believed  to  be  capable  of  exciting  to  the 
pleasures    of  love;    as   ginger,    cantharides,  &c. 
They  are  generally  stimulants. 
APHRODISLA.Ci:S,  Venereal. 
APHRODLSIASMUS,  Coition. 
APHRODISIOG'RAPHY,  from  k<ppoiiTv,  'Ve- 
nus,' and  ■yfja(poi,  'I   describe.'     Etymologically, 
this  term  means  a  description  of  the  pleasures  of 
love,  but  it  has  been  placed  at  the  head  of  a  work 
describing  the  venereal  disease. 
APHRODITIC,  Venereal. 
APHROG'ALA,  from  atppo?,  'foam,'  and  yoKa, 
'milk.'    Lac  spnmo'sum.    A  name  formerly  given 
to  milk  rendered  frothy  by  agitation. 
APHRONIA,  Apoplexy. 
APHRONITRUM,  Natrum,  Soda. 
APHROSYNE,  Delirium,  Insanity. 
APHTHA,  AphtcB,  AptIi(B,  from  a-rw,  'I  in- 
flame."     Thrush  or  sore  mouth,  Aphtha  lactu'ci- 
men    seu   Infan'tum,   Lactu'cimen,   Laclucini'ina, 
Lactu'mina,  Al'colcB,  Em'phlysis  aphtha,   Ulcera 
serpen'tia  oris,  Pus'tula   oris,   Febris   aphtho'sn, 
Angi'nu    aphtho'sa,    Vesic'nlm  gingiva'ram,  Sto- 
mati'tis  exsudati'va  seu  vesiculu'sa  infan'tum,  Sto- 
map'yra,    S.    apihtha,    Prunel'l-a,    White    Thrush, 
3Iilk  Thrush.    Aphthae  consist  of  roundish,  pearl- 
coloured  vesicles,   confined  to   the  lips,   mouth, 
and  intestinal  canal,  and  generally  terminating 
in  curd-like  sloughs.    In  France,  the  Aphthas  of 
children,  Aphthes  des  Enfans,  is  called  Muguet, 
Millet,  Blanchet,   Catarrhe  buccal  and  Stomatite 
cremeuse  pidtacee,    Pultaceous    inflammation    of 
the  Mouth;  and  generally  receives  two  divisions 
— the  mild  or  discreet,  (F.)  JIuguct  benin  ou  dis- 
cret,   and  the  malignant,    (F.)  Muguet  malin  ou 
confluent,  the  Black  Thrush.     Common  Thrush  is 
a  disease  of  no   consequence,  requiring  merely 
the  use  of  absorbent  laxatives.     The  malignant 
variety,  which  is  rare,  is  of  a  more  serious  cha- 
racter, and  is  accompanied  with  typhoid  symp- 
toms,—  Typhus  aphtho'ideus. 

Aphth.b  ADULTORu:vr,  Stomatitis,  aphthous — a. 
Prseputii,  Herpes  prseputii — a.  Serpentes,  Cancer 
aquaticus. 

APH'THAPHYTE,  Aphthaph'yton :  Oid'inm 
alh'icans.  Champignon  da  Muguet,  from  a<p6ai, 
'aphthse,'  and  <i>vtov,  'a  vegetable.'  A  parasitic 
vegetable  growth  observed  in  aphthae. 
_  APHTHE  GAKGRENEUX,  Cancer  aqua- 
ticus. 

APHTHES  DES  ENFAXS,  Aphthas. 
APHTHEUX,  Aphthous. 

APHTHO'DES,  Aphthoides,  Ajohthouleus,  from 
aphtha,  and  uios.  'resemblance.'  Aphthous-like. 
Resembling  aphthse. 

APH'THOUS,  Aphtho'sns,  (F.)  Aplitheux.  Be- 
longing to  aphthse;  complicated  with  aphthse j 
as  Aphthous  Fever. 

APIASTRUM,  Melissa. 


APICES 


APOGALACTOS 


APICES  CRURUM  MEDULLA  OBLON- 
GATA, Corpora  striata — a,  Digitorum,  Pa- 
pulae. 

APILEPSIA,  Apoplexy. 

A'PIOL,  Apio'liun,  Parsley  oil,  from  apium, 
'parsley,'  and  oleum,  'oil.'  A  yellowish  oily 
liquid,  obtained  from  apimn  petroselinum  or 
parsley,  which,  in  the  dose  of  15  grains,  has 
been  used  as  an  antiperiodic. 

APIONTA,  see  Excretion. 

APIOS,  Pyrus  communis. 

APIS,  Bee. 

API' TES,  from  arioi',  '  a  pear.'  Perry. — Gror- 
rfflus. 

APIUM,  A.  graveolens  —  a.  Ammi,  Ammi  —  a. 
Anisum,  Pimpinella  anisum  —  a.  Carvi,  Carum. 

A'PinM  Graveolens,  Apium,  Paluda'pium, 
JSelVnum,  Ses'eli  graveolens,  Slum  graveolens  seu 
apium,  Smallage,  (F.)  Ache.  Orel.  Umbelliferse. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  plants, 
roots,  and  seeds  are  aperient  and  carminative. 
Selery  is  a  variety  of  this. 

Apiujr  HoKTESSE,  A.  graveolens  —  a.  Monta- 
num,  Athamanta  aureoselinum  —  a.  Paludapium, 
A.  Graveolens — a.  Petrseum,Bubon  Macedonicum. 

Apium  Petroseli'num,  Apium  Horten'se  seu 
vulga're,  Eleoseli' num  [  ?  ],  Grielnm,  PetroseW- 
num,  Common  Parsley,  (F.)  Persil.  The  root — 
Petroselinum,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — and  seeds  are  diuretic 
and  aperient.     See  Apiol. 

Apium  Sium,  Slum  nodiflorum — a.  Vulgare,  A. 
graveolens. 

APLAS'TIC,  Ap)las'ticus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  irXaaaii),  'I  form.'  That  which  is  not  capable 
of  forming  ;  or  is  not  organizable. 

Aplastic  Element;  one  which  is  unsuscep- 
tible of  any  farther  amount  of  organization. — 
Gerber. 

APLESTIA,  Ingluvies,  Intemperance. 

APLEU'ROS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Tr>.£vpov, 
'a  rib.'  One  without  ribs,  or  pleurse. — ^^Hippo- 
crates,  Galen. 

APLOT'OMY,  Aplotom'ia,  from  aTrXoof,  'sim- 
ple,' and  TCjjivu),  '  I  cut.'    A  simple  incision. 

APNEE,  Apnoea. 

APNEUMATOSIS,  see  Atelectasis. 

APNEU'MIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  :ri'£u/K(i)i',  'lung.' 
A  monstrosity  in  which  there  is  absence  of  lungs. 

APNEUMONER'VIA,  Apneumoneu' ria,  from 
a.  priv.,  ■Kvt.v\L<itv,  'lung,'  and  vtvpov,  'nerve.' 
"Want  of  nervous  action  in  the  lungs. 

APNEUSTIA,  Apnoea,  Asphyxia. 

APNCE'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  ttveu,  'I  re- 
spire.' C^.)  A-pnee,  Absence  of  respiration,  i?e- 
spiira'tio  ahol'ita  ;  or  insensible  respiration.  Also, 
Orthopnoea.     See  Asphyxia. 

Apncea  Infantum,  Asthma  Thymicum. 

APNCEASPHYXIA,  Asphyxia. 

APNUS,  airvoos,  same  etymon.  One  devoid  of 
respiration.  An  epithet  applied  by  authors  to 
cases  in  which  the  respiration  is  so  small  and 
slow,  that  it  seems  suspended. — Castelli.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  the  word  was  always  ap- 
plied to  the  patient,  not  to  the  disease. 

APO,  0-0,  a  prefix  denoting  'from,  of,  off,  out.' 
Hence — 

APOBAMMA,  Embamma. 

APOBAINON.  Eventus. 

APOBESOMEXOX,  Eventus. 

APOBIOSIS,  Death. 

APOBLEMA.  Abortion. 

APOBOLE,  Abortion. 

APOBRASMA,  Furfur. 

APOCAPNISMUS,  Fumigation. 

APOCATASTASIS,  Considentia,  Restauratio. 

APOCATHARSIS,  Catharsis. 

APOCATHARTICUS,  Cathartic. 

APOCECAULISMENON,  Apagma. 


APOCEXO'SIS,  Aposceno'sis,  from  a-o,  'out,' 
and  KEvuiais,  'evacuation.'  A  partial  evacuation 
according  to  some,  in  opposition  to  Cenosis,  whicl 
signifies  a  general  evacuation. — Cullen  and  Swe 
diaur  apply  it  to  morbid  fluxes. 

Apocenosis,  Abevacuatio — a.  Diabetes  melli 
tus.  Diabetes — a.  Ptyalismus  mellitus,  see  Saliva 
tion — a.  Vomitus  pyrosis.  Pyrosis. 

APOCHOREOX,  Excrement. 

APOCHREMMA,  Sputum. 

APOCHREMPSIS,  Exspuition. 

APOCH'YMA,  from  a-oxcio,  '  I  pour  out.'  A 
sort  of  tar,  obtained  from  old  ships,  which  is  im- 
pregnated with  chloride  of  sodium.  It  was  used 
as  a  discutient  of  tumours. — Aetius,  Paulus, 
Gorrseus. 

APOCiy  GOBE-MOUCHE,  Apoeynum  an 
drosaimifolium. 

APOCLASMA,  Abduction,  Apagma. 
■    APOCLEISIS,  Asitia,  Disgust. 

APOCOPE,  from  airo,  and  kotttuv,  'to  cut.' 
Abscission.  A  wound  with  loss  of  substance. 
Fracture  with  loss  of  part  of  a  bone.    Amputation. 

APOCOPUS,  Castratus. 

APOCRISIS,  Contagion,  Excrement,  Secre- 
tion. 

APOCROUS'TIC,  Apocrous'tica  sen  Apocrus'- 
tica,  [remed'ia,)  from  otto,  'out,'  and  Kgovut,  'I 
push.'     An  astringent  and  repellent. — Galenus. 

APOCRUSTICA,  Apocroustic. 

APOCYESIS,  Parturition. 

APOCYX,  see  Apoeynum  Cannabinum. 

APOCYXIX,  see  Apoeynum  Cannabinum. 

AP0C"YXUMANDR6SiEMIF0'LIUM,(Ph. 
U.  S.)  from  aiTo,  and  Kutiiv,  '  a  dog,'  because  es- 
teemed, of  old,  to  be  fatal  to  dogs.  Dog's  Bane, 
Bitter  Dog's  Bane,  Milkweed,  Bitterroot,  Honey- 
hloom,  Catchfly,  Flytrap,  Ip'ecac,  Amer'ican  Ipe- 
cac., (F. )  Apocin  gohe-mouche,  A.  amer.  Ord. 
Apocynaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
The  root  of  this  plant  is  found  from  Canada  to 
Carolina.  Thirty  grains  evacuate  the  stomach 
as  effectually  as  two-thirds  of  the  amount  of 
Ipecacuanha,  by  which  name  it  is  known  in  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  Eastern  States.  It  is  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

Apocynum  Cannab'inum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Indian 
Hemp.  This  American  plant  possesses  emetic, 
cathartic,  diaphoretic  and  diuretic  properties,  has 
been  strongly  recommended  in  dropsy,  and 
has  been  given  in  decoction, — g'J  of  ^^^  TOCt 
boiled  in  three  pints  of  water  to  two.  A  wine- 
glassful  for  a  dose.  An  active  principle,  Apocyn 
or  Apocynin,  has  been  extracted  from  the  root. 

Apocynum  Hypericefo'lidm,  a  variety  of  Ai 
cannabinum,  which,  as  well  as  A.  androssemifo- 
lium,  abounds  in  a  milky  juice.  This,  when  ap- 
plied to  the  skin,  produces  a  troublesome  erup- 
tion resembling  flea-bites  :  hence,  the  plants  have 
been  termed,  by  the  voyageurs  in  the  Hudson's 
Bay  territory,  Herhes  a  la  puce. 

Apocynum  Xov^  AnglivE  Hirsutum,  Ascle- 
pias  tuberosa — a.  Orange,  Asclepias  tuberosa — a. 
Scan  dens,  Allamanda. 

APODACRYT'ICUS,  DelacTirymati' vus,  from 
3770,  'from,'  and  (5a)cpua),  'I  weep.'  A  substance, 
supposed  to  occasion  a  flow  of  the  tears,  and  then 
to  arrest  them. — Columella,  Pliny,  Galenus. 

APODEMIALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

APOD'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ttovs,  -roSot, 
'afoot.'  Want  of  feet;  hence  Apous  or  Aints, 
one  who  has  no  feet. 

APODYTE'RIUM,  Coniste'rium,  Spoliato'- 
rium,  Spolia/rium,  from  a-oi5uw,  'I  strip  off.'  The 
ante-room,  where  the  bathers  stripped  themselves 
in  the  ancient  gymnasia. 

AP06ALACTISMUS,  Weaning. 

APOGALACTOS,  Exubor. 


APOGEUSIS 


79 


APOTLECTIC 


APOGEUSIS,  Ageustia. 
APOGEUSTIA,  Ageustia. 
APOGLAUCOSIS,  Glaucosis. 
APOGON.  Imberbis. 

APOG'ONUM,  from  a-o,  and  ytvofiai,  '1  exist.' 
A  living  foetus  in  utero. — Hippocrates. 
APOLEPISIS,  Desquamation. 
APOLEPISMUS,  Desquamation. 
APOLEP'SIS,  Apolej/sia,  ApoNp'sis,  from 
dToXa^/Javo),  *  I  retain.'     Retention,  suppression. 
— Hippocrates.     Asphyxia. 

APOLEX'IS,  from  a-noXny^,  *I  cease.'  Old 
age,  decrepitude. 

APOLINO'SIS,  from  axo,  and  \ivov,  '  a  flaxen 
thread.'      The  mode  of  operating  for  fistula  in 
ano,  by  means  of  a  thread  of  Homolinon  or  Linum 
crudnm. — Hippocrates,  Paulus. 
APOLIPSIS,  Apolepsis. 

APOLLINARIS  ALTERCUM,  Hyoscyamus. 
APOLUTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 
APOLYS'IA,  ApoZ'?/s?'s,  from  aToXuto,  'Iloosen.' 
Solution.  Relaxation.  Debility  of  the  limbs  or 
looseness  of  bandages. — Erotian.  Expulsion  of 
the  foetus  and  its  dependencies.  Termination  of 
a  disease. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

APOMATHE'MA,  Apomnthe'sis,  from  qto,  and 
fiav^avu),  '  I  learn.'  Eorgetfulness  of  things  taught. 
— Hippocrates. 

APOM'ELI,  from  avo,  'of,'  and  /leXi,  'honey.' 
An  oxymel  or  decoction  made  of  honey.^  Galen, 
Aetius,  Paulus,  &c. 
APOMEXIS,  Munctio. 

APOMYLE'NAS,  from  a-xofxvWaivu},  'I  make 
a  wry  mouth.'  One  who  pushes  his  lips  forwards, 
pressing  them  against  each  other.  Occasionally 
a  symptom  of  nervous  fever. — Galen,  Erotian. 

APOMYTHO'SIS,^pon!7/fto'8i«,  from  a-noyivaaiji, 
'I  snore.'  A  disease  in  which  there  is  stertor. — 
Sauvages,  Sagar. 

APOMYXIA,  Nasal  mucus. 
APONEUROG'RAPHY,      Aponeurogra'pMa, 
from  a-jovtvpiiXTLS,    an   '  aponeurosis,'  and    ypa(pr], 
'  a  description.'     A  description  of  the  Aponeu- 
roses. 

APONEUROL'OGT,  Aponeurolog"ia,  from 
xrovcvpu)ais,  'an  aponeurosis,'  and  \oyoi,  'a  dis- 
course.' Apioneurosiol'ogy.  The  anatomy  of  the 
.iponeuroses. 

APONEUROSIOLOGT,  Aponeurology. 
APONEURO'SIS,  Aponevro'sis,  from  a-ro, 
'from,'  and  vcv^ov,  'a  nerve.'  Pronerva'tio,  De- 
iierva'tio,  Enerva'tio,  Expan'sio  nervo'aa,  (F.) 
Aponeiirose,  Aponevrose.  The  ancients  called 
every  white  part  vtvoov,  and  regarded  the  Apo- 
neurosis as  a  nervous  expansion.  The  Aponeu- 
roses are  white,  shining  membranes,  very  resist- 
ing, and  composed  of  fibres  interlaced.  Some 
are  continuous  with  the  muscular  fibres,  and  differ 
only  from  tendons  by  their  flat  form.  They  are 
called  Aponeuroses  of  insertion,  (F.)  Aponevroses 
d'insertion,  when  they  are  at  the  extremities  of 
muscles,  and  attach  them  to  the  bone ; — Aponeu- 
roses of  intersection,  (F.)  Aponevroses  d'intersec- 
iion,  if  they  interrupt  the  continuity  of  the  mus- 
cle, and  are  continuous  on  both  sides  with  mus- 
cular fibres.  Others  surround  the  muscle,  and 
prevent  its  displacement :  they  are  called  envelopi- 
ing  Aponeuroses,  (F.)  Aponevroses  d'enveloppe. 

Aponeurosis,  Fascia — a.  Crural,  Fascia  lata — 
a.  Femoral,  Fascia  lata — a.  Hiac,  Fascia  iliaca. 

APONEUROSPTIS,  from  aponeurosis,  and 
itis,  'denoting  inflammation.'  Inflammation  of 
an  aponeurosis. 

APONEUROT'IC,  Aponeurot'icus.  What  re- 
lates to  Aponeuroses  : — thus,  we  say  Aponeurotic 
expansion,  Aponeurotic  muscle,  <fec. 

APONEUROT'OMY,  Aponeurotom'ia,  from 
aiTovivptixng,  '  aponeurosis,'  and  rsixvu,  '  I  cut.' 
Anatomy  of  aponeuroses. 


Aponeurotomy  has,  also,  been  proposed  for  the 
division,  (debridement)  of  filaments,  &g.,  in  apo- 
neurotic openings,  and  for  the  section  of  fascia;. 

APONEVEOSE  PEDIEUSE,  see  Pedal 
Aponeurosis — a.  Superficielle  de  I'Abdomen  et  de 
la  Ouisse,  Fascia  superficialis. 

APONEVROSIS,  Aponeurosis. 

APON'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ttovo;,  'pain.' 
Freedom  from  pain. 

APONIPSIS,  Ablution. 

APOPALLE'SLS,  Apopal'sis,  from  an-OTraAAu, 
'I  throw  off.'  Expulsion.  Protrusion. — Hippo 
crates.     Also,  Abortion. 

APOPATE'MA,  Apop'athos,  Apop'atus.  The 
excrement,  and  the  place  where  it  is  deposited.— 
Dioscorides,  Erotian. 

APOPEDASIS,  Luxation. 

APOPHLEGMATISANS  PER  NARES,  Er 
rhine — a.  per  Os,  Sialogogue. 

APOPHLEGMATISAN'TIA,  ApopMegmati- 
son'ta,  Apophlegmatis'mi,  from  atzo,  '  out,'  and 
(p\eyiia,  'phlegm.'  Medicines  which  facilitate  the 
upward  expulsion  of  mucus  from  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  digestive  or  air  passages  ;  as 
gargles,  masticatories,  &c. 

APOPHLEG'MATISM,  ApiopJdegmatis'mus. 
The  action  of  Apophlegmatisantia. — Galen. 

APOPHLEGMATISMI,  Apophlegmatisantia. 

APOPH'RADES,  from  a-o^oa;,  'unlucky.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  unlucky  days,  [dies  ne- 
fandi.)  Days  on  which  a  favourable  change 
is  tiot  expected  to  occur  in  a  disease. — A.  Lau- 
rentius. 

APOPHRAXIS,  Amenorrhoga. 

APOPHTHAR'MA,  Apoph'thora,  from  aTto,  and 
(p^tiQin,  'I  corrupt.'  Abortion,  as  well  as  a  medi- 
cine to  procure  abortion. 

APOPHTHORA,  Abortion. 

APOPHTHORIUS,  Abortive. 

APOPHY'ADES,  from  ano,  'from,'  and  ^vw, 
'I  spring.'  The  ramifications  of  veins  and  arte- 
ries.— Hippocrates. 

APOPHYSE  BASIL  AIRE,  Basilary  process 
— a.  Engainante  ou  voginale.  Vaginal  process — • 
a.  Pyramidale,  see  Temporal  Bone  —  a.  Petree, 
see  Temporal  Bone. 

APOPHYSES  E  PINE  USES,  Spinous  pro- 
cesses of  the  vertebrae. 

APOPH'YSIS,  from  otto,  'from,'  and  (^vw,  'I 
rise,'  Ec'physis,  Proces'sus,  Appendix,  Prominen'- 
tia  ossis  contin'ua,  A  process  of  a  hone.  When 
the  apophysis  is  yet  separated  from  the  body  of 
the  bone  by  intervening  cartilage,  it  is  called 
Epipjh'ysis.  The  apophyses  or  processes  are,  at 
times,  distinguished  by  epithets,  expressive  of 
their  form  :  as  A.  styloid,  A.  coraeoid,  &c.  Others 
are  not  preceded  by  the  word  apophysis ;  as  Tro- 
chanter, Tuberosity,  &c. 

Apoph'ysis  op  Ingeas'sias  is  a  term  applied 
to  the  lesser  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Apophysis  Mammillaei-s;  Mastoid  process. 

Apophysis  of  Rau,  Ch-ele  apojjhyse  du  3Iar- 
teau :  see  Malleus. 

Apophysis  Zygomatica,  Zygomatic  process. 

APOPIES'MA,  from  a-iroiiu^w,  'I  compress.' 
Hippocrates  uses  the  term  to  signify  a  fancied 
expression  or  forcing  out  of  humours  by  the 
application  of  bandages  in  wounds  and  frac- 
tures. 

APOPLANESIS,  Error  loci. 

APOPLECTIC,  Apoplec'ticus.  Referring  to 
Apoplexy.  This  word  has  various  significations. 
It  is  applied,  1.  To  individuals  laboring  under 
apoplexy :  2.  To  remedies  proper  for  combating 
apoplexy  :  3.  To  the  constitution,  temperament, 
or  make,  Architectu'ra  apoplec'ticn,  HaVituf 
apoplec'ticus  seu  quadra'tus  seu  toro'sus,  which 
predisposes  to  it,  and,  4.  To  the  symptoms  which 
characterize  apoplexy ;    as   Apoptlectic  sleep.    A, 


APOPLECTICUS 


80 


APOSTASIS 


stroke,  A.  stertor,  &c.  The  jugulur  veins  have 
also,  by  some,  been  called  Apoplectic  veins,  Yena 
apoplec'ticcB. 

Apoplectic  Cell.  Focus  apoplec'ticus.  A 
cavity  remaining  in  the  encephalon,  after  the 
effusion  of  blood  and  its  subsequent  absorption. 
APOPLECTICUS,  Antiapoplectic,  Apoplectic. 
APOPLEXIA,  Apoplexy — a.  Catalepsia,  Cata- 
lepsia — a.  Cerebralis,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Cerebri, 
see  Apoplexy  —  a.  Cordis,  Hjemocardiorrhagia  — 
a.  Hepatica,  Hepatorrhagia — a.  Hydroeephalioa, 
Hydrocephalus  internus — a.  Interarachnoidealis, 
Apoplexy,  meningeal — a.  Intermeningealis,  Apo- 
plexy, meningeal — a.  Medullaris,  Apoplexiamye- 
litica — a.  Meningaea,  Apoplexy,  meningeal. 

Apoplexia  Myelit'ica,  A.  Ifedulla'ris  seu 
Spina'lis  seu  Rachia' lis,II(Bmor' rhachis,  Ilyelor- 
rhag"ia,  Myelapoplex' ia,  (F.)  Apoplexie  de  la 
3Ioelle  epiniere,  Hemorrhagie  de  la  Moelle  epi- 
niere,  Hemato-myelie,  Hemo-myelorrhagie,  Hema- 
torrhachie.  Hemorrhage  into  the  spinal  mar- 
row. 

Apoplexia  Nervosa,  Apoplexy,  nervous  —  a. 
Nervosa  traumatica,  Concussion  of  the  brain — -a. 
Oculi  Hajmophthalmia  —  a.  Pituitosa,  see  Apo- 
plexy— a.  Pulmonalis,  see  Hasmoptysis — a.  Pul- 
monum,  see  Hajmoptysis — a.  Renalis,  Apoplexy, 
renal — a.  P^achialis,  A.  myelitica — a.  Sanguinea, 
see  Apoplexy — a.  Serosa,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Sim- 
plex, Apoplexy,  nervous  —  a.  Spa«modica,  Apo- 
plexy, nervous— a.  Spinalis,  Apoplexia  myelitica 
— a.  Temulenta,  see  Temulentia. 

APOPLEXIE  CAP  ILL  AIRE,  Mollities  cere- 
bri—  a.  Cerebrale,  Apoplexy,  Hemorrhayie  cere- 
brale — a.  du  C'ceur,  Hajmocardiorrhagia. 

APOPLEXIE  FOUDROYANTE,  'Thun- 
dering Apoplexy.'  A  form  of  apoplexy,  which 
is  intense  and  rapidly  fatal. 

APOPLEXIE  MENINOEE,  Apoplexy,  me- 
ningeal—  a.  de  la  Moelle  Epinieie,  Apoplexy, 
spinal. 

AP'OPLEXT,  Apoplex'ia,  (Sc.)  Poplesy,  from 
airo-'X)]Trtii',  'to  strike  with  violence.'  At  the  pre- 
sent day,  the  term  apoplexy  is  employed  by  many 
writers  to  signify  interstitial  hemorrhage,  (F.)  i7e- 
morrhagie  interstitielle,  or  every  effusion  of  blood, 
which  occurs  suddenly  into  the  substance  of  an 
organ  or  tissue.  Hence,  we  speak  of  cerebral 
apoplexy,  pulmonary  apoplexy,  Ac.  <fec.  For- 
merly it  was  always  —  and  still  is  by  many  — 
used  in  a  restricted  sense,  to  signify,  in  other 
words,  the  train  of  phenomena,  which  charac- 
terize cerebral  apoplexy.  This  disease,  Hcemor- 
rha'gia  Cer'ebri,  Aphro'nia,  Cams  Apoplex'ia, 
Ooma  Apoplex'ia,  Apoplex'ia  eer'ehri  sanguin'ea 
seu  cerehra'lis,  Eneephalorrhag"ia,  San'guinis 
ictus,  Hcsniateneeph' alum,  Pulpez'ia,  Sidera'tio, 
Apileps'ia,  Morbus  atton'itus,  Gutta,  Theopihle'gia, 
Theoplex'ia,  (F.)  Apo23lexie,  A.  cerebrale,  Henia- 
toencepho.lie.  Coup  de  sang,  is  characterized  by 
diminution,  or  loss  of  sensation  and  mental  ma- 
nifestation ;  by  tire  cessation,  more  or  less  com- 
plete, of  motion  ;  and  by  a  comatose  state, — cir- 
culation and  respiration  continuing.  It  generally 
consists  in  pressure  upon  the  brain  ;  either  from 
turgeseence  of  vessels,  or  from  extravasation  of 
blood:  hence  the  terms  HcBmenceph'alns,  Hemor- 
rhagie  cerebrale,  and  Eemoeneephalorrhagie,  ap- 
plied to  it  by  some.  The  general  prognosis  is 
unfavourable  :  especially  when  it  occurs  after  the 
age  of  35.  When  Apoplexy  is  accompanied  with 
a  hard,  full  pulse,  and  flushed  countenance,  it  is 
called  Apoplex'ia  sanguin' ea,  Cntaph'ora  Coma  ; 
when  with  a  feeble  pulse  and  pale  countenance, 
and  evidences  of  serous  effusion,  Apoplex'ia  se- 
ro'sa,  A.  'pituito'sa,  Serous  Apopilexy,  Cataph'ora 
hydroce2>hal'ica,  Encephaloeh'ysis  scni'Us,  Hydro- 
repih'alus    acu'tus    senum,    Hydroencephalorrhee, 


(Piorry,)  Hydropisie  cerebrale  suraigue,  Hydror- 
rhagie. 

In  Nervous  Apoplexy,  Apoplex'ia  nervo'sa  seu 
spasmod' ica,  A.  simplex.  Simple  apoplexy,  no  le- 
sion whatever  may  be  perceptible  on  dissection  ; 
although  the  patient  may  have  died  under  all  the 
phenomena  that  are  characteristic  of  apoplexy. 

Apoplexy,  Heat,  see  Coup-de-Soleil  —  a.  of 
the  Heart,  Hcemocardiorrhagia. 

Apoplexy,  Meninge'al,  Apoplex'ia  menin- 
gce'a  seu  intermeningea'lis  sen  inter arachno'idea'- 
lis,  (F.)  Apopjlexie  meningee,  Hemorrhagie  me- 
ningee.  Hemorrhage  from  the  meninges  of  the 
brain  or  spinal  marrow,  generally  into  the  great 
cavity  of  the  arachnoid. 

Apoplexy,  NERVors,  see  Apoplexy  —  a.  Pul- 
monarj',  see  Hajraoptysis — a.  Simple,  A.  Nervous. 

Apoplexy,  Renal,  Apojdex'ia  rena'lis.  A 
condition  of  the  kidney,  characterized  by  knotty, 
irregular,  tuberculated  eminences,  some  of  a  deep 
black  colour.  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  substance 
of  the  kidney. 

Apoplexy,  Serous,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Spinal, 
Apoplexia  mvelitica. 

APOPNEUSIS,  Exhalatio. 

APOPNIXIS,  Suffocation. 

APOPNOE,  Exspiratio. 

APOPNCEA,  Exspiratio. 

APOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

APOPTO'SIS,  from  airoTiTr™,  'I  fall  down.' 
A  relaxation  of  bandages. — Erotian. 

APORRHOE,  Aporrhcea. 

APORRHCE'A,  Apor'rhoe,  Apor'rhysis,  Befln'- 
vium,  from  aTroppeia,  '1  flow  from.'  An  emana- 
tion, effluvium,  contagion. — Moschion.  A  falling 
off  of  the  hair,  according  to  some. 

APORRHYSIS,  Aporrhcea. 

APOSCEM'MA,  Aposcep'sis,  from  a-roaKmui, 
'1  lie  down,  I  direct  myself  towards.'  Afflux  of 
fluids  towards  a  part.  Metastasis.  The  first 
word  has  been  applied  to  the  excrements. — Hip- 
pocrates, Galen. 

APOSCENOSIS,  Apocenosis. 

APOSCEPARNIS'MUS,  Deaseia'tio,  from  ano 
and  (TKCTTapvov,  '  a  hatchet.'  Wound  of  the  cra- 
nium, by  a  cutting  instrument,  in  which  a  piece 
of  the  bone  has  been  cut  out,  as  with  a  hatchet. 
— Gorreeus. 

APOSCEPSTS,  Aposcemma. 

APOS'CHASIS,  Aposchas'mus,  from  aT!0(7)^a^w, 
'  I  scarify.'  Scarijiea' tion.  A  slight  superficial  in- 
cision in  the  skin.     Also,  blood-letting. — Hippoe. 

APOS'IA,  Sitis  defec'tus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  -Kocig,  '  drink.'  Want  of  thirst,  absence  of 
desire  for  liquids. 

APOSI'TIA,  from  otto,  'from,'  and  clto;,  'food.' 
Aversion  for  food. — Galen.     See  Disgust. 

APOSIT'IC,  AjoosfV'/eusy  the  same  etymology. 
Any  substance  which  destroys  the  appetite,  or 
suspends  hunger. 

APOSPAS'MA,  from  ajroo-n-uu,  'I  tear  or  lace- 
rate. (F.)  Arrachement.  A  solution  of  continu- 
ity, especially  of  a  ligament;  Rhegma  ligamen- 
ta're,  Lacera'tio  ligamenta'ria. 

APOSPHACEL'ISIS,  Aposphacelis'mus,  from 
a-o,  and  a(j>aK£Xog,  '  mortification.'  Gangrene  in 
wounds  and  fractures,  owing  to  the  bandages 
being  too  tight. — Hippocrates. 

APOSPHINX'IS,  a-!TO(Tipiy^is,  constriction,  com- 
pression. The  action  of  a  tight  bandage. — Hip- 
pocrates. 

APOSPONGIS'MUS,  the  act  of  sponging  for 
any  purpose. — Gorreeus. 

APOSTAXiAG'MA,  Apiostag'ma,  from  airo, 
'from,'  and  oraXa^aj,  'I  drop.'  The  ancient  name 
for  the  saccharine  liquor  which  flows  from  grapes 
when  not  yet  pressed. 

APOS'TASIS,  from  qtto,  and  larTj/ii,  '  I  stop.* 


APOSTAXIS 


8  1    APPAREILS   DE   FORMATION 


The  ancients  had  different  significations  for  this 
word.  It  was  most  commonly  used  for  an  ab- 
scess. The  separation  of  a  fragment  of  bone  by 
fracture.  Removal  of  disease  by  some  excre- 
tion, &c. 

APOSTAX'IS,  from  a7rooTa|w  'I  distil  from.' 
Stcixis.  The  defluxion  of  any  humour,  as  of 
blood  from  the  nose. — Hippocrates. 

APOSTE'MA,  from  aito,  'from,'  and  larrifii,  'I 
settle,'  or  from  afpiarrDii,  'I  recede  from.'  This 
word  is  used  by  the  ancients  somewhat  vaguely. 
It  meant  an  affection  in  which  parts,  previously 
in  contact,  are  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
fluid  collected  between  them.  The  moderns  re- 
gard it  as  synonymous  with  Abscess.  Some,  even 
of  the  moderns,  have  applied  it  to  any  watery 
tumour,  and  even  to  tumours  in  general. 

Apostema  Cerebri,  Encephalopyosis — a.  Em- 
pyema, Empyema — a.  Parulis,  Parulis — a.  Pha- 
langum,  Fourche — a.  Psoaticum,  Lumbar  abscess. 

APOSTEMACION,  Abscess. 

APOSTERIG'MA,  from  anoarvpi^oj,  '1  sup- 
port.' Anything  that  supports  a  diseased  part, 
as  a  cushion,  a  pillow,  &c. — Galen.  A  deep- 
seated  and  inveterate  disease  of  the  intestines. — 
Hippocrates. 

APOS'THIA,  Leipoder'mia,  from  a,  privative, 
and  voaOia,  'prepuce.'     Want  of  prepuce. 

APOSTHUME,  Abscess. 

APO STOLE,  Extractum. 

APOSTOLO'RUM  UNGUEN'TUM,  Dodeca- 
pTiai-' inacum,  Oinfmept  of  the  Apostles.  So  called, 
because  as  many  solid  ingredients  entered  into 
its  composition  as  there  were  apostles.  It  con- 
tained several  resins  andgum-resins,  yellow  wax, 
oil,  vinegar,  verdigris,  &o.,  and  was  formerly  em- 
ployed as  a  vulnerary. 

APOS'TROPHE,  from  airo,  and  <7rp£0a),  'I 
turn.'  An  aversion  or  disgust  for  food. — Paulus. 
Also,  the  direction  of  humours  towards  other 
parts. 

APOSTRMA,  Abrasion,  Desquamation. 

APOTELES'MA,  from  a-rro,  and  TeXccjia,  'com- 
pletion.' The  result  or  termination  of  a  disease. 
See,  also,  Amuletum. 

APOTHANASIA,  see  Death. 

AVOTH^'G  A, Pharmace'uin,Pharmacopo'lium, 
from  aTTo,  and  Tidrjjjii,  'to  place.'  Any  place  where 
things  are  kept,  and  therefore  'a  shop,'  and  par- 
ticularly a  wine  cellar.  A  place  or  vessel  wherein 
medicines  are  kept.     See  Pharmacopolium. 

APOTHECARIES'  HALL.  The  Hall  of  the 
Corporation  or  Society  of  Apothecaries  of  Lon- 
don, where  medicines  are  prepared  and  sold 
under  their  direction,  &c.  This  Company  ob- 
tained a  charter  of  incorporation  in  the  15th  year 
of  James  the  First.  No  general  practitioner  can 
establish  himself  in  England  or  Wales,  without 
having  obtained  a  license  from  the  Court  of  Ex- 
aminers of  the  Company. 

APOTH'ECARY,  Apotheca'rius,  Dispensa'tor, 
Pharmacopo'la,  Pharmacopce'us,  Pharmu'ceus, 
Pharmacen'ta,  Pigmenta'rins,  Rhizot'omus,  My- 
ropo'les,  Myropo'lus,  Pharmacter,  Pharmncttr'- 
giciis,  Pharmacur'gus,  Pharniaceu'tist,  same  deri- 
vation, (Prov.)  Pot'ecary,  (Sc.)  Pottingar,  (F.) 
Apothieaire,  Pharmacien,  Pharmacopole.  In 
every  country  except  Great  Britain,  it  means  one 
who  sells  drugs,  makes  up  prescriptions,  <fec.  In 
addition  to  these  offices,  which,  indeed,  they 
rarely  exercise,  except  in  the  case  of  their  own 
patients,  the  Apothecaries  in  England  form  a 
privileged  class  of  practitioners  —  a  kind  of  sub- 
physician.     See  Surgeon-apothecary. 

APOTHERAPEl'A,  Apotherap-ro.,  Apothera- 
peu'sis,  from  aTro&cpaTrnia,  {airo  and  Otpamvui,)  '1 
cure.'  A  perfect  cure.— Hippoe.  In  the  ancient 
Gymnastics,  it  meant  the  last  part  of  the  exer- 
cises : —  the  friction,  inunction,  and  bathintr,  for 
6  *= 


the  purpose  of  obviating  fatigue,  or  curing  dis- 
ease.— Galen,  GorraBus. 

APOTHERAPEUSIS,  Apotherapeia. 

APOTHER'MUM,  from  aTro,  and  &cp,,v,  'heat.' 
A  pickle  made  of  mustard,  oil,  and  vinegar. — 
Galen. 

APOTH'ESIS,  from  anoTiStint,  '1  replace.' 
The  position  proper  to  be  given  to  a  fractured 
limb,  after  reduction. 

APOTHICAIRE,  Apothecary. 

APOTHICAIREIUE  (F.),  from  aTzo6r,Kv,  'a 
warehouse,  shop.'  The  same  as  Apotheca;  also, 
a  gallipot.     See  Pharmacopolium. 

APOTHLIM'MA,  from  otto,  and  ^Xj/3u,  'I 
press  from.'  Anciently,  the  dregs,  and  some- 
times the  expressed  juice,  Sicccus  expres'sus,  of 
plants. — Gorrseus. 

APOTHRAU'SIS,  from  arro^pavto,  'I  break.' 
Fracture  of  a  bone,  with  spicula  remaining.  Ex- 
traction of  a  spiculum  of  bone. — Gorraeus.  Also, 
Abscission. 

APOTILMOS,  Evulsion. 

APOT'OKOS,  from  aro,  and  tiktu,  'I  bring 
forth.'     An  abortive  foetus. — Hippocrates. 

APOTOME,  Amputation. 

APOTOMIA,  Amputation. 

APOTROP^UM,  Amuletum. 

APOTROPE,  Aversion.  Also,  deviation  —  as 
of  a  limb — Parat'rope. 

APOXYSMUS,  Abrasion. 

APOZEM,  Decoction. 

APOZESIS,  Decoction. 

APPARA'TUS,  Parasceu'e,  from  ad  and  pa- 
rare,  'to  prepare.'  This  word  signifies  a  collec- 
tion of  instruments,  &c.,  for  any  op-eration  what- 
ever.    (F.)  Appareil. 

In  Surgery,  it  means  the  methodical  arrange- 
ment of  all  the  instruments  and  objects  necessary 
for  an  operation  or  dressing.  By  extension,  the 
French  give  the  name  Appareil,  Capsa  chrrvr'- 
gica,  to  the  case  or  drawers'in  which  the  appara- 
tus is  arranged. 

App)aratu8  has  likewise  been  applied  to  the 
diflFerent  modes  of  operating  for  the  stone.  See 
Lithotomy. 

In  Physiology,  Apparatus,  (F.)  Appareil,  is  ap- 
plied to  a  collection  of  organs,  all  of  which  work 
towards  the  same  end.  A  system  of  organs  com- 
prehends all  those  formed  of  a  similar  texture. 
An  apparatus  often  comprehends  organs  of  very 
different  nature.  In  tha  former,  there  is  analogy 
of  structure  ;  in  the  latter,  analogy  of  function. 

Apparatus  Altus,  see  Lithotomy. 

Apparatus  Immov'able  (F.),  Ajipareil  immo- 
bile, Imtnovable  Bandage,  Permanent  Bandage. 
An  apparatus  for  fractures,  which  is  generally 
formed  by  wetting  the  bandages  in  some  sub- 
stance, as  starch  or  dextrin,  which  becomes  solid, 
and  retains  the  parts  in  situ. 

Apparatus  Lateralis,  see  Lithotomy  —  a. 
Major,  see  Lithotomy — a.  Minor,  see  Lithotomy. 

Appareil,  Apparatus,  Bottier  —  a.  iJiap- 
nogene,  see  Perspiration  —  a.  Grand,  see  Litho- 
tomy—  a.  Haut,  see  Lithotomy  —  a.  Immobile, 
Apparatus,  immovable — a.  Lacrymal,  see  Lachry- 
mal passages  —  a.  Lateralise,  see  Lithotomy  —  a 
NevrothiXe,  see  Nevrothele  —  «.  Petit,  see  Litho- 
tomy— a.  Pigmental,  Pigmental  apparatus. 

APPAREILS  DE  FORMATION  {¥.).  Gall 
admits,  in  the  brain,  two  kinds  of  fibres;  the 
one,  divergent,  proceeding  from  the  cerebral 
peduncles  to  the  convolutions,  and  constituting 
vfhat,  he  esills  appareils  deformation  :  the  other, 
convergent,  and  proceeding  from  the  convolutions 
to  the  centre  of  the  organ,  constituting  what  he 
calls  nppareils  de  reunion.  The  first,  as  a  whole, 
form  the  organs  of  the  mental  faculties ;  the  latter 
are  commissures,  which  unite  parts  of  the  organ 
that  are  double  and  in  pairs. 


APPAUVRI 


82 


APYROMELE 


APPAUVRI,  Impoverished. 
APPENDICE,  Appendis  —  a.  Ccecal,  Appen- 
dix vermiformis  cteci— a.  Digital,  Appendis  ver- 
miformis  cseci  —  a.  Sous-sternale,  Xiphoid  carti- 
lage—  a.  Sus-spheno'idale  du  cerveaic,  Pituitary 
gland — a.  Xipho'ide,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

Appe>t)ices  Coli  Adipose,  Appendiculas  epi- 

ploicse — a.  Spiplo'iques,  Appendiculffi  epiploic^. 

APPENDICULA  CEREBRI,  Pituitary  gland 

—  a.  Vermiformis  casci,  see  Appendix  —  a.  Epi- 

ploica.  Epiploic  appendage. 

APPEXDIC'ULJE  PINGUEDINO'S^,  A. 
Epiplo'iccB,  Epip'loic  append'ages,  Appen'dices 
coli  adipo'ncB,  Fim'hricB  carno'sas  coli,  Sapp>lemKn'- 
ta  epipAo'icn,  Omen'tula,  (F.)  Appendices  Epi^ 
ploiqiics.  Prolongations  of  the  peritoneum  be- 
yond the  surface  "of  the  great  intestine,  which 
are  analogous  in  texture  and  arrangement  to 
omenta. 

APPEN'DIX,  Epiphysis,  from  appendere,  {ad 
and  pendere,  'to  hang,')  'to  hang  from.'  Any 
part  that  adheres  to  an  organ  or  is  continuous 
with  it : — seeming  as  if  added  to  it.  Am  ajopend- 
age;  an  apophysis,  (F.)  Appendice,  Annexe. 

Appendix  Auriculae,  see  Auricles  of  the 
jleart — a.  Cerebri,  Pituitary  gland  —  a.  ad  Cere- 
brum, Cerebellum  —  a.  Cutanea  Septi  Narium, 
Statica  Septi  Narium— a.  to  the  Epididymis,  Yas- 
culum  aberrans — a.  Ventrieuli,  Duodenum. 

ApPE>rDix   Veriiifor'mis,  Ajypendic'ula    Ver- 
mifor'mis   Cas'ci,  Tubus  Vennicula'ris  Caei,  Ec'- 
phijas,  Additamen'tum  Coli,  Appen'dix  CcBci,  (F.) 
Appendice  vermiforme,  A.  ccBcal  ou  digital.     A 
vermicular   process,    the   size    of  a   goose-quill, 
which    hangs   from   the   intestine    caBCum.     Its 
functions  are  unknown. 
Appendix  Vesica,  see  Bladder,  sacculated. 
APPENSIO,  see  Analeptia. 
AP'PETEI<[CE,  Appeten'tia,irova.  apipetere.,  [ad 
and  petere,)  'to  desire.'     An  ardent,  passionate 
desire  for  any  object. 

AP PETIT.  PERTE  D',  Anorexia, 
AP'PETITE,  Appeti'tus,  Appeten'tia,  Appeti"- 
tia,  {ad  and  petere,)  'to  seek,'  Cupi'do,  Orex'is, 
Orme  :  same  etymology  as  the  last.  An  internal 
sensation,  which  warns  us  of  the  necessity  of  ex- 
erting certain  functions,  especially  those  of  diges- 
tion and  generation.  In  the  latter  case  it  is  called 
venereal  appyetite,  (F.)  Appetit  venerien:  in  the 
former,  simply  appetite,  (F.)  Appetit  ou  Appeti- 
tion.  If  the  desire  for  food,  occasioned  by  a  real 
want,  be  carried  to  a  certain  extent,  it  is  called 
^joit/er,  when  solid  food  is  concerned;  thirst,  when 
liquid.  Appetite  and  hunger  ought  not,  how- 
ever, to  be  employed  synonymously:  they  are 
different  degrees  of  the  same  want.  Hunger  is 
an  imperious  desire  :  it  cannot  be  provoke-d,  like 
the  appetite.  It  is  always  allayed  by  eating :  but 
not  so  the  appetite;  for,  at  times,  it  may  be  ex- 
cited in  this  manner.  They  are  very  generally, 
however,  used  synonymously. 
Appetite,  Morbid,  Limosis. 
Ap'petite,  Vene'real,  Venereal  desire,  (F.) 
Le  g&nesique,  Amour  physique,  Sens  genital.  The 
instinctive  feeling  that  attracts  the  sexes  towards 
each  other  to  effect  the  work  of  reproduction. 

APPETITUS  CANINUS,  Boulimia— a.  Defl- 
ciens,  Dysorexia. 

APPLE,  ADAM'S,  Pomum  Adami— a.  Bitter, 
Cucumis  colocynthis  —  a.  Curassxja,  Aurantium 
eurassaventiumf — a.  Dead  Sea,  see  Quereus  infec- 
toria — a.  Eye,  see  Melon — a.  of  the  Eye,  Pupil 
— a.  Mad,  see  Quereus  infeotoria — a.  May,  Podo- 
phyllum peltatum  —  a.  of  Peru,  Datura  stramo- 
nium— a.  Root,  Euphorbia  coroUata — a.  of  Sodom, 
see  Quereus  infectoria. 

Apple  Tea.,  Apple  water.  Slice  two  large,  not 
over-ripe  apples,  and  pour  over  a  pint  of  boiling 


tcater.  After  an  hour,  pour  off  the  fluid,  and,  if 
necessary,  sweeten  with  sugar. 
Apple  Tree,  Pyrus  malus. 
APPLICA'TA,  from  ajjplicare,  {ad and 2}licare, 
'  to  fold,')  '  to  apply.'  A  word,  unnecessarily  in- 
troduced' into  medical  language,  to  express  the 
objects  which  are  applied  immediately  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  body,  as  clothes,  cosmetics,  baths,  &c. 
—Halle. 

APPLICA'TION,  App)lica'tio,  (same  etymon,) 
in  a  moral  signification,  is  synonymous  with  at- 
tention. Also,  the  act  of  applying  one  thing  to 
another ;  as  the  application  of  an  apparatus,  of 
a  bandage,  blister,  &c. 

APPREHEN'SIO,  from  ad  and  prehendere, 
'to  take.'  This  word  is  employed  in  various 
senses.  It  means  catalepsy  or  catoche.  —  Paul 
Zacchias.  A  kind  of  bandage  for  securing  any 
part.     Also,  a  therapeutical  indication. 

APPRO CSE,  Coition. 

APPROXIMA'TIOIST,  Approxima'tio,  from  ad 
and  proximus,  'nearest.'  Ettmuller  gave  this 
name  to  a  pretended  method  of  curing  disease, 
by  making  it  pass  from  man  into  some  animal  or 
vegetable,  by  the  aid  of  immediate  contact. 

APRAC'TA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  -Trpaaaui,  'I  act.' 
Without  action.  An  epithet  for  the  parts  of  ge- 
neration, when  unfit  for  copulation  or  generation. 

APRICATIO,  Insolation. 

APRICOT,  Prunus  Armeniaca, 

APROCTUS,  see  Atretus. 

APROXIA,  Tamus  communis. 

APROSO'PIA,  TriocephaV ia,  from  a,  priv., 
and  rpoo-uiroy,  '  the  face.'  A  malformation,  which 
consists  in  the  face  being  deficient. 

APROSOPUS,  Microprosopus. 

APSINTHIA'TUM,  from  ax^iv^iov,  'worm- 
wood.'    A   sort   of  drink   made   of  wormwood. 

APSINTHITES,  Absinthites. 

APSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

APSYCHISME,  Idiotism. 

APSYCHY,  Syncope. 

APSYXIA,  Syncope. 

APTH^,  Aphthae. 

APTYS'TOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Ttrvm,  'I  spit.' 
Devoid  of  expectoration.  Ah  epithet  given  to 
certain  pleurisies,  in  which  there  is  no  expectora- 
tion.— Hippocrates. 

APUS,  see  Apodia. 

APY'ETOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Ttvov,  'pus.'  An 
external  affection,  which  does  not  end  in  suppu- 
ration. 

APYIQUE,  A^jTos. 

A'PYOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  irvov,  'pus.'  (F.) 
Apyique.     That  which  does  not  afford  pus, 

APYRECTIC,  Apyretic. 

APYRENOMELE,  Apyromele. 

APYRET'IC,  Apyret'icus,  Apyreo'tic,  Apyrea'- 
ticus,  Apyy'etus,  from  a,  priv.,  and  nvp,  'fire, 
fever.'  Without  fever.  This  epithet  is  given  to 
days  in  which  there  is  no  paroxysm  of  a  disease, 
as  in  the  case  of  an  intermittent,  as  well  as  to 
some  local  affections  which  do  not  induce  fever. 
Urticaria  is  sometimes  called  an  aj^yretic  exan- 
them. 

APYREX'IA,  A'pyrexy.  The  same  etymology. 
Absence  of  fever;  Dialem'ma,  Dialeip'sis,  Dia- 
lip'sis,  Tempu-s  intercala' re.  Interval' hun,  Inter- 
mis'sio.  Apyrexia  is  the  condition  of  an  inter- 
mittent fever  between  the  paroxysms  :  the  dura- 
tion of  the  apyrexia  consequently  depends  on 
the  type  of  the  intermittent.  Occasionally,  the 
term  has  been  applied  to  the  cessation  of  the 
febrile  condition  in  acute  diseases. 

APYROME'LE,  Apyrenome'le,  firom  a,  priv., 
TTvpnv,  'a  nut,'  and  tiriXr;,  'a  joand.'  A  sound  or 
probe,  without  a  button  or  nufc   It  is  the  Jlelo'tis, 


AQUA 


83 


AQUA   SALUBRIS 


SpecU'lum  auricula' rium  or  Auricular  sound  of 
Galen. 

AQUA,  Urine,  Water  —  a.  Acidi  carboniei, 
Acidulous  water  —  a.  Aeidula  hydrosulphurata, 
Naples  water  (factitious)  —  a.  Aeris  fixi,  Acidu- 
lous water  (simple)  —  a.  Alkalina  oxymuriatica, 
Eau  de  Javelle  —  a.  Aluminis  composita.  Liquor 
aluminis  conipositus — a.  Aluminosa  Bateana,  Li- 
quor aluminis  compositus — a.  Ammonise,  Liquor 
ammonite — a.  Acetatis  ammoniis,  Liquor  ammo- 
nise  acetatis  —  a.  Ammonias  carbonatis,  Liquor 
ammoniaj  subcarbonatis  —  a.  Ammonite  caustica, 
Liquor  ammonige — a.  Amnii,  Liquor  Amnii. 

Aqua  Amygdala'rdm  Coxcentra'ta,  A.  amy- 
dala'rum  amara'rum,(F.)  Eaud'Ainandes  ameres, 
Water  of  bitter  almonds.  Made  by  bruising  well 
two  pounds  of  bitter  almonds;  adding,  whilst 
triturating,  ten  pounds  of  spring  loater,  and  four 
pounds  of  alcohol;  letting  the  mixture  rest  in  a 
well-closed  vessel,  and  then  distilling  two  pounds. 
Used  instead  of  the  Aqua  Laurocerasi,  and  the 
Hydrocyanic  acid.  It  must  be  given  with  great 
caution. 

An  Aqua  amTig'dalm  ama'ras,  Bitter  Almond 
water,  has  been  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Ph.  U.  S.,  1851,  {01.  a-mygdnl.  amar. 
^\,  ^^j  >  Magnes.  Carbon.  Jj  J  Aqua  Oij.)    Dose, 

Aqua  Axethi,  see  Anethum  graveolens  —  a. 
Anisi,  see  Pimpinella  anisum  —  a.  Anisi  Fortis, 
Spiritus  anisi  —  a.  Aquisgranensis,  see  Ais-la- 
Chapelle  —  a.  Auditoria,  Cotunnius,  Liquor  of — 
a.  Aurantii,  see  Citnas  aurautium  —  a.  Azotica 
oxygenata.  Aqua  nitrogenii  protoxydi — a.  Balsa- 
mica  arterialis.  Aqua  Binellii — a.  Bareginensis, 
Bareges  water  —  a.  Barytae  Muriatis,  see  Baryta, 
muriate  of — a.  Bellilucana,  Balaruc  waters  —  a. 
Benedicta,  Liquor  calcis  —  a.  Benedicta  compo- 
sita, Liquor  calcis  compositus — a.  Benedicta  E,u- 
landi,  Vinum  antimonii  tartarizati. 

Aqua  Binel'lii,  Acqua  Binelli,  Aqua  Balsam' - 
ica  arte-ia'lis,  Binelli's  sti/]itie,  (F.)  Eau  de  Bi- 
nelli. A  celebrated  Italian  hasmostatic,  invented 
by  one  Binelli.  Its  composition  is  unknown,  but 
its  virtues  have  been  ascribed  to  creasote ;  al- 
though there  is  reason  for  believing  it  to  possess 
no  more  activity  than  cold  water.  Aqua  Monte- 
rossi,  (P.)  Eau  de  Monterossi,  appears  to  be  of 
analogous  composition. 

Aqua  Borvonensis,  Bourbonne-les-Baines, 
mineral  waters  of — a.  Bristoliensis,  Bristol  water. 
Aqua  Brocchie'iui,  Acqua  Broeehieri,  Broc- 
ehieri  or  Brocchiari  water,  BroccMeri' s  styptic, 
(F.)  Eau  de  BroccMeri,  Eau  styptique  de  Broe- 
ehieri. A  supposed  styptic,  which  made  much 
noise  at  Paris  at  one  time.  It  is  devoid  of  effi- 
cacy. Dr.  Paris  found  nothing  in  it  but  water 
perfumed  by  some  vegetable  essence. 

Aqua  Calcari^  ustvE,  Liquor  calcis — a.  Cal- 
cis, Liquor  Calcis — a.  Calcis  composita,  Liqucfr 
calcis  compositus  —  a.  Camphors,  Mistura  cam- 
phorse — a.  Camphorata,  Bates's,  see  Cupri  sulphas 
— a.  Carbonatis  sodas  aeidula,  Acidulous  water, 
simple  —  a.  Carui,  see  Carum  Carui  —  a.  Cassise, 
see  Laurus  cassia — a.  Catapultarum,  ^r^iteSasac^e, 
eau  d' — a.  Chlorini,  see  Chlorine. 

Aqua  Cinnamo'mi,  Cinnamon  water,  (Sc.) 
Cannel  water.  Distilled  water  of  Cinnamon  Bark. 
Prepared  also  in  the  following  manner.  01.  Cin- 
nam.  f^ss;  Magnes.  Carbon,'^];  Aq.  destillat. 
Oij.  Rub  the  oil  and  carbonate  of  magnesia; 
add  the  water  gradually,  and  filter.  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Aqua  Cinxamomi  Fortis,  Spiritus  Cinnamomi 
— a.  Colcestrensis,  Colchester,  mineral  waters  of. 
Aqua  Colora'ta,  '  coloured  water.'  A  name 
given  to  a  prescription  in  which  simple  coloured 
water  is  contained.  Used  in  hospital  cases,  more 
especially,  where  a  placebo  is  demanded. 

Aqua  Cupri  Ammoniata,  Liquor  c.  a. — a.  Cu- 


pri vitriolati  composita.  Liquor  cupri  sulphatis 
composita — a.  inter  Cutem,  Anasarca — a.  Destil- 
lata.  Water,  distilled. 

Aqua  Fabro'rum,  'Water  of  Smiths.'  Water  in 
which  hot  iron  has. been  quenched.  A  feeble 
chalybeate. 

Aqua  Florum  Aurantii,  see  Citrus  aurantium 
— a.  Fluviatilis,  Water,  river. 

Aqua  Fcenic'uli,  Fennel  loater.  The  distilled 
water  of  fennel  seed.  It  may  be  prepared  also 
like  the  aqua  cinnamomi. 

Aqua  Fontana,  AVater,  spring — a.  Fortis,  Ni- 
tric acid — a.  Goulardi,  Liquor  Plumbi  subaeetatis 
dilutus  —  a.  Hepatica,  Hydrosulphuretted  water 
—  a.  Hordeata,  Decoctum  hordei  —  a.  Imbrium, 
Water,  rain — a.  Infernalis,  see  Toddy — a.  Inter- 
cus,  Anasarca  —  a.  Inter  Cutem,  Anasarca  —  a. 
Juniperi  composita,  Spiritus  juniperi  compositus 
— a.  Kali,  Liquor  potassse  subcarbonatis — a.  Kali 
caustici.  Liquor  potassse  —  a.  Kali  praeparati. 
Liquor  potassas  subcarbonatis  — a.  Kali  puri. 
Liquor  potass^  —  a.  Kali  subcarbonatis.  Liquor 
potassse  subcarbonatis — a.  Labyrinthi,  Cotunnius, 
liquor  of — a.  Lactis,  Serum  lactis— ^a.  ex.  Lacu, 
Water,  lake — a.  Lauro-cerasi,  see  Prunus  Lauro- 
cerasus — a.  Lithargyri  acetati  composita.  Liquor 
plumbi  subaeetatis  dilutus  —  a.  Lucire,  Spiritus 
ammoniae  succinatus — a.  Marina,  Water,  sea — a. 
Medicata,  Water,  mineral. 

Aqua  MbntHjE  Piperi't^e,  Peppermint  Water. 
The  distille-d  water  of  peppermint.  It  may  be 
prepared  like  the  aqua  cinnamomi. 

Aqua  Mentha  Piperitidis  Spirituosa,  Spi- 
ritus menthae  piperitas — a.  Menthas  pulegii,  see 
Mentha  pulegium — a.  Mentha^  viridis.  Spearmint 
water,  see  Aquse  menthse  piperita3 — a.  Menthse 
vulgaris  spirituosa,  Spiritus  mentha  viridis — a. 
Mineralis,  Water,  mineral — a.  Mirabilis,  Spiritus 
pimentas  —  a.  Monterossi,  see  Aqua  Binellii  —  a. 
Mulsa,  Hydromeli  —  a.  Natri  Oxymuriatici,  Li- 
quor sodae  chlorinatse  —  a.  Neapolitana,  Naples 
water,  (factitious) — a.  Nephritica,  Spiritus  my- 
ristica. 

Aqua  NiTROGEN'n  Protox'ydi,  Protox'ide 
of  Ni'trogen  Water,  Aqua  azot'ica  oxygena'ta, 
Searle's  piatent  oxyg"enou8  aerated  icater,  A  pa- 
tent solution  of  protoxide  of  nitrogen,  said  to 
contain  five  times  its  own  bulk  of  gas.  It  has 
been  recommended  as  a  nervine,  and  excitant  in 
nervous  conditions,  dyspepsia,  &c.  It  has  also 
been  used  in  cholera,  and  to  counteract  the  evil 
consequences  of  drunkenness.  The  dose  is  i'^^'h 
or  §viii,  two  or  three  times  a  day;  or,  in  dys- 
pepsia, as  a  beverage  between  meals. 

Aqua  Nivata,  Water,  snow — a.  Nucis  moscha- 
tcB,  Spiritus  myristic^ — a.  Ophthalmiea,  Liquor 
zinci  sulphatis  cum  eamphora  —  a.  Paludosa, 
Water,  marsh  —  a.  Pedum,  Urine  —  a.  Pericardii, 
see  Pericardium  —  a.  Phagedenica,  see  Hydrar- 
gyri  Oxymurias — a.  Picea,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — 
a.  Picis,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  a.  Pimentse,  see 
Myrtus  Pimenta  —  a.  Plumbi,  Liquor  Plumbi, 
subaeetatis  dilutus — a.  Pluvialis,  Water,  rain — a. 
Potassse,  Liquor  potassse — a.  Pulegii,  see  Mentha 
pulegium — a.  Pulegii  spirituosa,  Spiritus  pulegii 
— a.  Putealis,  Water,  well — a.  ex  Puteo,  Water, 
well — a.  Eabelli,  Elixir  acidum  Halleri — a.  Raph- 
ani  composita,  Spiritus  armoracise  compositus  — 
a.  Regia^  Nitromuriatie  acid. 

Aqua  Ros^,  Rose  Water,  Rhodostag'ma,  [Ros. 
centifol.  Ibviij  :  Aqua  cong.  ij.  M.  Distil  a  gallon 
—Ph.  U.  S.) 

Aqua  Salubris,  Water,  mineral — a.  Sambuci, 
see  Sambucus — a.  Sappharina,  Liquor  cupri  am- 
moniata— a.  Saturni,  Liquor  plumbi  subaeetatis 
dilutus — a.  Sclopetaria,  Arquebusade  eau  d' — a. 
Seminum  anisi  composita,  Spiritus  anisi — ft.  Semi- 
num  carui  fortis,  Spiritus  carui — a.  Sodas  efTerves- 
cens,  Acidulous  water,  simple — a.  S'oteria-,  Water, 


AQU.E   ACIDUL.E 


84 


AQUIPAROUS 


mineral — a.  St}"gia,  Xitro-muriatio  acid — a.  Styp- 
tica,  Liquor  cupri  sulphatis  composita  —  a.  Sul- 
phurata  simplex,  Ilydrosulphuretted  water  —  a. 
Pnlphureti  ammoniaa,  Liquor  fumans  Eoylii  —  a. 
Thediana,  Arqiiehusade  eau  d' — a.  Theriacalis 
Bezoardica,  Chylostagma  diaphoreticum  Minde- 
reri  —  a.  Tofana,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  a.  Tosti 
panis,  Toast  water  —  a.  Traumatica  Thedenii, 
Arqiiehusade  eau  d' — a.  Vegeto-mineralis,  Liquor 
plumbi  subaeetatis  dilutus  — a,  Viciensis,  Yichy 
water  —  a.  Vitriolica  eamphorata,  Liquor  zinci 
sulphatis  cum  camphora  —  a.  Vitriolica  cagrulea, 
Soluiio  sulphatis  cupri  composita — a.  Vulneraria, 
Arquebusade  eau  d'  —  a.  Zinci  vitriolati  cum 
camphora,  Liquor  zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphora. 
AQU^  ACIDUL^,  Acidulous  waters— a. 
BadiguEe,  Bath,  Mineral  waters  of^ — a.  Badizse, 
Bath,  Mineral  waters  of — a.  Bathonije,  Bath, 
Mineral  waters  of — a.  Buxtoniensis,  Buxton,  Mi- 
neral waters  of — a.  Calidse,  Aigues  caudes — a. 
Cantuarienses,  Canterbury,  waters  of — a.  Chaly- 
beatfe,  Waters,  mineral,  chalybeate. 

Aqd^  Destilla't^e,  Hijdrola'ta,  Distilled 
Waters,  (F.)  Hydrolats.  These  are  made  by 
putting  vegetable  substances,  as  roses,  mint, 
pennyroyal,  &c.,  into  a  still  with  water,  and 
drawing  oif  as  much  as  is  found  to  possess  the 
aromatic  properties  of  the  plant.  To  every  gallon 
of  the  distilled  water,  5  oz.  of  spirit  should  be 
added  to  preserve  it.  The  simple  distilled  waters 
are  sometimes  called  AqucB  stillatit"icE  sim'23licea : 
th-e  spirituous,  Aqua  stillatit'ia  spirituo' sa,  but 
more  commonly  Spir'itus. 

Aquje  Ferros^e,  Waters,  mineral,  chabybeate. 
AqUjE  Martiales,  Waters,  mineral,  chalybeate. 
Aquj;  Mkdica't^,  Jfedicated  waters  include,  in 
the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  prepara- 
tions consisting  of  waters  impregnated  with  some 
medicinal  substance,  wh<ich  arenotarrangedin  any 
other  class.    Among  these  are  the  "  AVaters,"  and 
"Distilled  waters"  of  the  British  pharmacopoeias. 
Aqc^  Metus,  Hydrophobia — a.  Minerales  aci- 
dulae — a.  AVaters,  mineral,  gaseous — a.  Minerales 
ferruginosEe,  Waters,  mineral,  chalybeate — a.  Mi- 
nerales sulphurese.  Waters,  mineral,  sulphureous 
— a.  Stillatitise,  Aquae  destillatse — a.  Solis,  Bath, 
mineral  waters  of. 

AQUiEDUC'TUS,  Aq'ueduct,  from  aqua,  'wa- 
ter,' and  ducere,  ductum,  '  to  lead.'  (F.)  Aque- 
duc.  Properly,  a  canal  for  conducting  water 
from  one  place  to  another.  Anatomists  have 
used  it  to  designate  certain  canals. 

Aqu^dcctcs  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain — a.  Cotunnii,  Aquaeductus  vestibuli. 

Aqtj^duc'tus  Coch'le^,  (F.)  Aqueduc  du  Li- 
viaQon  ;  —  a  very  narrow  canal  which  proceeds 
from  the  tympanic  scala  of  the  cochlea  to  the 
posterior  edge  of  the  jtsars  petroscr. 

Aqu^duc'tus  Fallo'pii,  Cana'lis  Fallo'pii, 
Canal  spiro'ide  del'os  temporal  of  Chaussier,  (F.) 
Aqueduc  de  Fallope.  A  canal  in  the  pars  petro- 
sa  of  the  temporal  bone,  which  extends  from  the 
meatus  auditorius  internus  to  the  foramen  stylo- 
mastoideum,  and  gives  passage  to  the  facial 
nerve.  The  opening  into  this  aqueduct  is  called 
Hia'tua  Fallo'pii,  H.  Cana'lis  Fallo'pii,  Fissu'- 
ra  Cana'lis  Fallo'pii,  Fora'men  Tari'ni,  F. 
arton'ymurn  Ferrein'ii. 

Aqlt^dttc'tus  Syl'tii,  Cana'lis  eminen'tice 
quadrigem' inoB,  Iter  ad  quartum  ventric' ulum  seu 
d  ter'tio  ad  quar'tum  ventric' ulum,  Cana'lis  me'di- 
V.9,  (F.)  Aqueduc  de  Sylvius,  Oanal  intermediare 
des  ventricules  of  Chaussier.  A  canal  forming  a 
communication  between  the  third  and  fourth 
ventricles  of  the  brain.  The  ventricular  opening 
is  termed  anus  cer'ebri. 

Agu^DUc'Trs  Vestib'uli,  Aquwdnctus  Cotun'- 
nii.  Canal  of  Cotun'nius,  (F.)  Aqueduc  du  vestibule 
ou  Aqueduc  de  Cotugno.     This  begins  in  the  ves- 


tibule, near  the  common  orifice  of  the  two  semi- 
circular canals,  and  opens  at  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  pars  petrosa. 

AQUALIC'ULUS,  from  aqualis,  'a  wat-er-pot.' 
That  part  of  the  abdomen  which  extends  from 
the  umbilicus  to  the  pubes.  See  Hypogastrium. 
It  has  also  been  applied  to  the  stomach  or  intes- 
tinal canal. 

AQUAS'TER.  A  word  used,  by  Paracelsus, 
to  express  the  visions  or  hallucinations  of  pa- 
tients. 

AQUEDUC,  Aqueduct — a.  de  Cotugno,  Aquse- 
ductus  vestibuli — a.  de  Fallope,  Aquaeductus  Fal- 
lopii  —  a.  du  Limagon,  Aqusfrductus  cochleae  —  a. 
de  Sylvius,  Aquaeductus  Sylvii — a.  du  Vestibule, 
Aquaeductus  vestibuli. 

AQUEDUCT,  Aquffiductus. 

A'QUEOUS,  A'queus,  Aquo'sus,  Hydato'des. 
Hydro' des,  from  aqua,  'water,'  (F.)  Aqueux, 
AVatery.  The  absorbents  or  lymphatics  are 
sometimes  called,  in  France,  Conduits  ou  Canaux 
aqueux. 

Aqueous  Humour  of  the  Eye,  Humor  aquo'- 
sus, Ooei'des,  Oo'des,  Hydato'i'des,  Hydato'des, 
Ova'tus  seu  Ovifor'mis  humour,  Albugin'eou^  hu- 
mour, (F.)  Humeur  aqueuse.  The  limpid  fluid 
which  fills  the  two  chambers  of  the  eye,  from  the 
cornea  to'  the  crystalline,  and  which  is,  conse- 
quently, in  contact  with  the  two  surfaces  of  the 
iris.  Quantity,  5  or  6  grains  :  s.  g.  1.000.3.  It 
contains  albumen,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  phos- 
phate of  lime  in  small  quantity  j  and  is  enveloped 
in  a  fine  membrane : — the  membrane  of  the  aqueous 
humour.  Tunica  propria  seu  Vagi'na  seu  Jfeyn- 
bra'na  seu  Cap'stda  humo'ris  a'quei  seu  3Iem- 
hra'na  Demuria'na  seu  Descemet'ii,  Membrune- 
of  Demours  or  of  Descemet ;  although  these  last 
terms  are  by  some  appropriated  to  a  third  layer 
of  the  cornea. 

AQUEUS,  Aqueous. 

AQUIDUCA,  Hydragogues. 

AQUIFOLIUM,  Ilex  aquifolium  —  a.  Foliis 
deciduis,  Prinos. 

AQUILA,  Hydrargyri  submurias.  Sulphur. 

The  alchymists  used  this  word  for  sublimed 
sal  ammoniac,  precipitated  mercury,  arsenic,  sul- 
phur, and  the  philosopher's  stone.  See  Hydrar- 
gyri Submurias,  and  Sulphur. 

Aq'uila  Ccelest'is;  a  sort  of  panacea,  of 
which  mercury  was  a  constituent. 

Aq'uila  Lach'rym^;  a  liquor  prepared  from 
several  ingredients,  especially  from  calomel. 

Aq'uila  PniLosoPHo'EUJt.  The  alchymists, 
whose  terms  were  always  mysterious,  called  mer- 
cury thus,  when  reduced  to  its  original  form. 

Aq'uila  A^'ex'eris  ;  an  ancient  preparation, 
made  by  subliming  verdigris  and  sal  ammoniac. 

AQUILA  A^EN^,  Temporal  veins. 

AQUILE'GIA,  A.  vulga'ris  seu  sylves'tris  seu 
Alpi'na,  Common  Colombine  or  Columbine,  (F.) 
Ancolie.  Order,  Ranunculaceae.  From  aquila, 
'the  eagle,'  owing  to  some  fancied  resemblance  of 
the  spurs  to  talons.  The  seeds,  herb,  and  flowers 
were  formerly  used  in  jaundice  and  cutaneous 
diseases.  They  are  still  retained  in  many  of  the 
Pharmacopoeias  of  continental  Europe. 

Aquilegia  Alpes'A,  Aquilegia. 

Aquilegia  Canaden'sis,  Wild  Columbine,  is 
indigenous,  and  flowers  in  April  and  June.  The 
seeds  are  said  to  be  tonic. 

Aquilegia  Syltesteis,  Aquilegia  —  a.  A'ul- 
garis,  Aquilegia. 

AQUILIC'IA  SAMBU'CIISTA,  from  aqua, 
'water,'  and  elicire,  'to  attract,'  because  it  grows 
in  moist  places.  [?]  An  East  Indian  plant,  the 
decoction  of  whose  root  is  used  in  indigestion  to 
allay  heartburn. 

AQUIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Aquipare,  from  aqua, 
'water,'  and  pario,  'I  bring  forth.'     An  epitfa°t 


AQUO-CAPSULITIS 


ARANEOSUS 


for  glands  which,  like  the  parotid,  secrete  much 
■water,  in  contradistinction  to  the  submaxillary 
glands,  which  are  muciparous. 

AQUO-CAPSULITIS,  Aquo-membranitis. 

AQUO-MEMBRANI'TIS,  Keratoiri'tie,  Aquo- 
capiiidi'tis,  HydromeningV tie.  Inflammation  of 
the  anterior  chamber  of  the  eye.  A  badly  com- 
pounded term,  denoting  inflammation  of  the  cap- 
sule or  membrane  of  the  aqueous  humour. 

AQUULA,  Ceratocele,  Hydatid,  Hydroa  —  a. 
Acustica,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of. 

Aquula  seu  Aqua  Morgagnh.  The  minute 
portion  of  water  which  escapes  when  an  opening 
is  made  into  the  capsule  of  the  crystalline. 

AQUULA  VITREA  AUDITIVA,  Vitrine  au- 
ditive. 

ARA  PARVA,  a  small  altar; — a  kind  of  band- 
age invented  by  Sostratus,  which  represents  the 
corners  of  an  altar. — Galen. 

AR'ABE  ;  a  wound,  a  blow. — Erotian. 

ARAB'ICA  ANTID'OTUS  HEPAT'ICA,  Ar'- 
ahie  Hepat'ic  An'tidote.  A  powder  composed  of 
myrrh,  costus,  white  pepper,  &c.  It  was  admi- 
nistered in  new  wine. 

ARAB'ICUS  LAPIS.  A  sort  of  white  marble, 
analogous  to  alabaster,  found  in  Arabia.  It  was 
regarded  as  absorbent  and  desiccatiFe,  and  was 
employed  in  hemorrhoids. 

ARABIS  BARBAREA,  Erysimum  barbarea. 

AR'ABIS  MALAG'xMA.  An  antiscrofulous 
medicine,  composed  of  myrrh,  olibanum,  wax, 
sal  ammoniac,  iron  pyrites,  &c. — Celsus. 

ARABISTS,  SCO  Arabs,  medicine  of  the. 

AR'ABS,  MEDICINE  OF  THE.  The  Ara- 
bians kept  the  torch  of  medical  science  illumi- 
nated during  a  dark  period  of  the  middle  ages. 
Before  the  year  of  the  Hegira,  they  had  schools 
of  medicine ;  but  these  were  most  flourishing 
during  the  10th,  11th,  and  12th  centuries.  The 
chief  additions  made  by  them  to  medical  science 
were  in  the  departments  of  pharmacy  and  in  the 
description  of  diseases.  Their  principal  writers 
were  Avicenna,  Serapion,  Averrhoes,  Ilali  Abbas, 
Moses  Maimonides,  Avenzoar,  Rhazes,  Albucasis, 
kc.  The  disciples  of  the  AralD  school  were  called 
Ar'abista. 

ARACACHA,  Conium  moschatum. 

ARACHIS  AFRICANA,  A.  hypogea— a.  Ame- 
ricana, A.  Hypogea. 

Ar'achis  Hypoge'a,  A.  America'na  seu  Afri- 
ca' na,  AracTinV da  hypogea,  Ground  nut,  Pea  nut, 
Earth  almond,  (S.)  Mane;  erroneously  called 
Pistachio  nut,  in  the  South;  Pindars  of  the  West 
Indies.  Ord.  Leguminosse.  Cultivated  in  the 
Southern  States.  The  seeds  are  oily,  and  are 
eaten.  A  kind  of  inferior  chocolate  may  be 
made  of  them. 

ARACH'NE,  apax^Vj  'a  spider,'  'a  cobweb.' 
Hence,  Arachnitis,  <tc. 

ARACHNIDA  hypogea,  Arachis  hypogea. 

ARACHNI'TIS,  more  properly  Arachno'idi'tis, 
Arachnodei'tis,  Inflammation  of  the  Arachnoid. 
A  variety  of  phrenitis. 

ARACHNODEITIS,  Arachnitis. 

ARACH'NOID,  Arachnoideus,  Arachno'des, 
from  apaxyv,  'a  cobweb,'  and  cibog,  'form,  resem- 
blance.'    Resembling  a  spider's  web. 

Arachnoid  Canal,  see  Canal,  arachnoid. 

Arachnoid  of  the  Eye.  The  lining  mem- 
brane of  a  cavity,  supposed  by  some  to  exist  be- 
tween the  sclerotic  and  choroid. 

Arach'noid  Membrane,  lleninx  me'dia  seu 
sero'sa,  Tu'nica  ara'nea  seu  crystal'lina,  Me- 
niii'gion.  A  name  given  to  several  membranes, 
which,  by  their  extreme  thinness,  resemble  spi- 
der-webs. Celsus  and  Galen  called  thus  the 
membrane  of  the  vitreous  humour,  —  the  tunica 
hyaloidea.  The  moderns  use  it  now  for  one  of 
the  membranes  of  the  brain,  situate  between  the 


dura  mater  and  pia  mater.  It  is  a  serous  mem- 
brane, and  composed  of  two  layers ;  the  external 
being  confounded,  in  the  greater  part  of  its  extent, 
with  the  dura  mater,  and,  like  it,  lining  the  inte- 
rior of  the  cranium  and  spinal  canal;  the  other 
being  extended  over  the  brain,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  the  pia  mater,  without  passing  int« 
the  sinuosities  between  the  convolutions,  and 
penetrating  into  the  interior  of  the  brain  by  an 
opening  at  its  posterior  part  under  the  corpus 
callosum.  It  forms  a  part  of  the  investing  sheath 
of  the  nerves,  as  they  pass  from  the  encephalic 
cavities.  Its  chief  uses  seem  to  be  : — to  envelop, 
and,  in  some  measure,  protect  the  brain,  and  to 
secrete  a  fluid  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  it  in  a 
state  best  adapted  for  the  proper  performance  of 
its  functions. 

ARACHNOIDITIS,  Arachnitis. 

ARA.CW ,  Arrack ;  (East  Indian.)  A  spiritu- 
ous liquor  made  in  India  in  various  ways,  often 
from  rice,  sometimes  from  sugar  fermented  along 
with  the  juice  of  the  cocoa  nut;  frequently  from 
toddy,  the  juice  which  flows  from  the  cocoa-nut 
tree  by  incision,  and  from  other  substances.  It 
is  a  strong,  heating  spirit. 

Arack,  Mock,  is  made  by  adding  Qij  of  Ben- 
zoic acid  to  a  quart  of  rum.  The  celebrated 
Vauxhall  punch  is  made  with  such  arack. 

ARACOUCHINI,  Idea  aracouchini. 

ARACUS  AROMATICUS,  Vanilla. 

AR'ADOS,  Apaiog.  The  agitation  excited  in 
the  stomach  by  the  coction  of  aliments  of  differ- 
ent nature. — Hippocrates.  Likewise,  the  motion 
produced  by  cathartics. 

AR^OMA,  Interstice. 

AREOMETER,  Areometer. 

AR^OT'ICA,  from  apatow,  'I  rarefy.'  Medi- 
cines supposed  to  have  the  quality  of  rarefying 
the  humours.     See  Rarefaciens. 

ARAKI,  see  Spirit. 

ARALIA  CANADENSIS,  Panax  quinquefo- 
lium. 

Ara'lia  His'pida,  Dwarf  Elder,  Ord.  Aralia- 
cefe,  is  said  to  be  diuretic,  and  has  been  recom- 
mended, in  decoction,  in  dropsy. 

Ara'lia  Nudicau'lis,  Nardus  America' nus, 
Small  Spiilcenard,  Wild  Liq'uorice,  Sweet  root, 
False  or  Wild  Sarsaparil'la,  (F.)  Petit  nctrd. 
This  American  plant  is  said  to  be  a  mild  stimu- 
lant and  diaphoretic,  and  has  been  recommended 
as  a  substitute  for  sarsaparilla.  It  is  used,  also, 
as  a  tonic.  It  is  in  the  secondary  list  of  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States. 

Ara'lia  Racemo'sa,  Arnericaii  Spikenard,  has 
the  same  properties  as  A.  Nudicaulis. 

Ara'lia  Spino'sa,  Anc/el'ica  Tree,  Prickly 
Ash,  Toothach  Tree,  Spikenard  Tree,  Prickly 
Elder,  Shothush,  Pigeon  Tree.  Its  properties  are 
not  clear.  The  berries,  and  a  tincture  of  them, 
have  been  employed,  it  is  said,  successfully  in 
toothach.  A  spirituous  infusion  has  also  been 
used  in  colic.  The  bark  is  ofiBcinal  in  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States. 

ARANEA,  Aranese  Tela  —  a.  Tarentula,  see 
Tarentula. 

ARA'NEA  TELA,  Ara'nea,  Ara'newn,  Cob- 
iceb,  (F.)  Toile  d'Araignee.  Formerly,  this  sub- 
stance was  much  employed,  and  supposed  to  pos- 
sess extraordinary  virtues,  especially  when  ap- 
plied to  the  wrists.  It  has  been  recently  used 
again  in  intermittents.  The  spider  itself,  soft- 
ened into  a  plaster  and  applied  to  the  forehead 
and  temples,  is  said  by  Dioscorides  to  prevent 
ague.  Cobweb  is  a  mechanical  styptic,  and  is  so 
applied  at  times. 

ARANEO'SA  URI'NA.  A  term  applied  to 
the  urine  when  loaded  with  filaments,  like  cob 
webs. 

ARANEO'SUS  (PULSUS);  a  term  employed 


ARANEUM 


86 


ARCHIATER 


to  express  extreme  weakness  of  pulse  ;  ■when  the 
movements  resemble  those  of  a  delicate  net  raised 
by  the  wind. 

ARANEUM,  Aranea3  Tela. 

Ara'nedm  Ulcus,  Astakil'los.  A  name  given 
by  Paracelsus  to  a  malignant,  gangrenous  ulcer, 
extending  from  the  feet  to  the  legs. 

ARARA,  Myrobalanus  citrina. 

ARASCON,  Nymphomania,  Satyriasis. 

ARATRUM,  Vomer. 

ARAUCARIA  DOMBEYI,  Dombeya  excelsa. 

ARBOISE,  Arbutus  unedo. 

ARBOL  BE  LEGHE,  Galactodendron  utile. 

ARBOR  BENIVI,  Benjamin— a.  Indiea,  Lau- 
rus  cassia — a.  Maris,  Coral — a.  Thurifera,  Juni- 
perus  Lycia  —  a.  Uteri  Vivificans,  Palmffi  uteri 
plieatas. 

Arbor  Vit^,  (F.)  Arhre  de  vie.  A  name 
given  to  an  arborescent  appearance,  observed  on 
cutting  the  cerebellum  longitudinally  ;  and  which 
results  from  the  particular  arrangement  of  the 
white  substance  with  the  cineritious.  Also,  the 
Thuya  occidentalis. 

Arbor  Vit^,  American,  Thuya  occidentalis — 
a.  Vita3  Uterinus,  Palmse  uteri  plicataj — a.  Vitse 
of  the  Uterus,  Palmse  uteri  plicatse. 

AR'BORES.  A  morbid  alteration  of  the  skin, 
which  precedes  its  ulceration.     Ruland. 

ARBORIZA'TION,  Arborisa'tio,  (F.)  Arbori- 
sation, from  arbor,  arboris,  'a  tree.'  The  figure 
or  appearance  of  a  tree  or  plant.  The  capillary 
vessels,  when  injected,  as  in  inflammation,  fre- 
quently appear  under  the  form  of  Arborizations. 

ARBOUSIER,  Arbutus  unedo. 

ARBRE  DE  VIE,  Arbor  Vitse. 

ARBUSCULA  GUMMIFERA  BRAZILIEX- 
SIS,  Hypericum  bacciferum. 

ARBUTUS,  A.  Unedo  — a.  Trailing,  A.  Uva 
ursi,  EpigEea  repens. 

Ar'butus  Uva  JJusi,  Arctosfaph'ylos  Uva  ursi, 
llaira'nia  uva  ursi.  Orel.  Ericaceos.  Sex  Si/st. 
Decandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  BiisseroUe  ou  Rai- 
sin d'Ours.  The  leaves  — (?7(.-fi  Ursi,  Ph.  U.  S.) 
— of  this  plant  are  tonic  and  astringent,  and  have 
been  employed,  chiefly,  in  diseases  of  the  urinary 
organs,  and  also  as  a  parturifacient.  Dose  of  the 
powder  from  gr.  xv  to  ^ss.  The  English  names 
are  Trailing  Ar'butus,  Bear's  Whortleberry  or 
Bearberry,  Mountain-box,  Bedberry,  Upland 
Cranberry,  Foxberry,  Ghecherberry,  (Sc.)  Braio- 
lins. 

Ar'butus  Une'do,  Ar'butus,  Andrach'ne,  Une'- 
do,  U.  papyra'eea,  Koixapos,  (F.)  Arbousier,  Ar- 
boise.  A  decoction  of  the  leaves  is  astringent, 
and  has  been  used  in  diarrhoea. 

ARC,  Arch,  Arcus,  (F.)  Are,  Arcade  (diminu- 
tive). Any  part  of  the  body  resembling  an  arch 
in  form;  as  the  Arch  of  the  colon,  (F.)  Arc  dii 
colon, — the  transverse  portion  of  that  intestine : 
—  Arch  of  the  Aorta,  Arcics  aor'tcB,  (F.)  Crosse 
de  I'Aorte,  &c.,  the  turn  which  the  aorta  takes  in 
the  thorax. 

ARCA  ARCANORUM,  Hydrargyrum— a.  Cor- 
dis, Pericardium. 

ARCADE,  see  Are  —  a.  Anastomotique,  Arch, 
anastomotic — a.  Crurale,  Crural  arch — a.  Ingui- 
nale, Crural  arch — a.  Orbitaire,  Orbitar  arch — 
a.  Pubienne,  Pubic  arch- — a.  Zygomatique,  Z3'go- 
matic  arch. 

ARCADES  DENTAIRES,  Dental  arches  — 
a.  Pabnaires,  Palmar  arches. 

AR  CADI-  TEMP  OR  0-MAXILLAlRE,  Tem- 
poralis. 

ARCZE'US  or  ARCCE'US,  BALSAM  OF,  (F.) 
Banme  d'Arcoeus.  A  kind  of  soft  ointment  used 
in  sores,  contusions,  &c.  It  is  made  by  melting 
two  parts  of  mutton  suet,  one  part  of  hog's  lard : 


turpentine  and  rosin,  each  one  part  and  a  half; 
straining  and  agitating  till  cold. 

ARC  ANSON,  Colophonia. 

ARCA'NUM,  from  area,  'a  chest.'  A  secret, 
a  nostrum,  a  quack  or  empir'ieal  med'icine,  (F.) 
Arcane.  A  remedy  whose  composition  is  kept 
secret;  but  which  is  reputed  to  possess  great 
efficacy. 

Arcanum  Corallinuji,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum  —  a.  Duplicatum,  Potassse  sulphas  —  a. 
Tartari,  Potassse  acetas. 

ARCEAU,  Arculus,  Cradle. 

ARCEUTHOS,  Juniperus  communis. 

ARCH,  ANASTOMOT'IC,  (F.)  Arcade  Anasto- 
motique, is  the  union  of  two  vessels,  which  anas- 
tomose by  describing  a  curved  line.  The  vessels 
of  the  mesentery  anastomose  in  this  manner. 

Arch  op  the  Aorta,  see  Aorta — a.  Crural,  see 
Crural  arch  —  a.  Femoral,  see  Crural  arch  —  a. 
Gluteal,  see  Gluteal  aponeurosis — a.  Hjemal,  see 
Haemal  arch— a.  Inguinal,  see  Crural  arch — a.  Or- 
bital, see  Orbitar  arch — a.  of  the  Palate,  see  Palate 
bone — a.  of  the  Pubis,  see  Pubie  arch— a.  Subpu- 
bic, see  Subpubic  arch — a.  Superciliary,  see  Su- 
perciliary arches — a.  of  a  Vertebra,  see  Vertebrae — 
a.  Zj'gomatic,  see  Zygomatic  arch. 

Arches  op  the  Palate.  These  are  two  in 
number  on  each  side  of  the  throat,  one  of  which 
is  termed  anterior,  the  other  posterior. 

The  anterior  arch  arises  from  the  middle  of 
the  velum  palati,  at  the  side  of  the  uvula,  and  is 
fixed  to  the  edge  of  the  base  of  the  tongue. 

The  posterior  arch  has  its  origin,  likewise,  from 
the  side  of  the  uvula,  and  passes  downwards  to 
be  inserted  into  the  side  of  the  pharynx.  The 
anterior  arch  contains  the  circuuiflexus  palati, 
and  forms  the  isthmus  faucium.  The  posterior 
areh  has  within  it  the  levator  palati,  and  be- 
tween the  arches  are  the  tonsils. 

ARCHjE'US,  Arehe'us,  from  a/j^tj,  'commence- 
ment,' (F.)  Archie.  A  word  invented  by  Basil 
Valentine,  and  afterwards  adopted  by  Paracelsus 
and  Van  Helmont.  The  latter  used  it  for  the 
internal  principle  of  our  motions  and  actions. 
This  archajus,  according  to  Van  Helmont,  is  an 
immaterial  principle,  existing  in  the  seed  prior 
to  fecundation,  and  presiding  over  the  develop- 
ment of  the  body,  and  over  all  organic  pheno- 
mena. Besides  this  chief  archasus,  whose  seat 
Van  Helmont  placed  in  the  upper  orifice  of  the 
stomach,  he  admitted  several  of  a  subordinate 
character,  which  had  to  execute  its  orders;  one, 
for  instance,  in  each  organ,  to  preside  over  its 
functions;  each  of  them  being  subject  to  anger, 
caprice,  terror,  and  every  human  feeling. 

ARCHANGEL,  NEW,  MINERAL  SPRINGS. 
About  twenty  miles  to  the  north  of  New  Arch- 
angel, Sitka  Island,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  North 
America,  are  some  thermal  sulphureous  waters, 
the  temperature  of  one  of  which  is  upwards  of 
153°  of  Fahr.  They  are  much  celebrated. — Sir 
Geo.  Simpson. 

ARCHANGELICA,  Lamium  album— a.  Offici- 
nalis, Angelica. 

ARCHE,  apX'h  Init"ium,  Princip'imn,  Primor'- 
dium,  Ori'go,  Inva'sio.  The  first  attack  of  a  dis- 
ease. 

ARCHECPTOMA,  Proctocele. 

ARCH.ee,  Archeeus. 

ARCHELL,  CANARY,  Lichen  roccella. 

ARCHELOG"IA,  from  apxn^  'beginning,'  and 
\oyo^,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  fundamental 
principles — of  medicine,  for  example. 

ARCHEN'DA.  A  powder  of  the  leaves  of  the 
ligustrum,  used  by  the  Egyptians  after  bathing, 
to  obviate  the  unpleasant  odour  of  the  feet. — 
Prosper  Alpinus. 

ARCHIA'TER,     ArcMa'trus,     Protomed'icua, 


ARCHIGEXI  MORBI 


87 


AREXATIO 


Proiin'tros,  from  apxi^,  'I  am  first,'  and  laroos'  I 
'pbTsieian.'     The    original    signification  of  this  i 
word  is  a  matter  of  dispute.    Some  consider,  with  j 
Mercurialis,  that  it  meant  physician  to  a  prince,  ■ 
king,  emperor,  &c.;  others,  with  C.  Hoffmann,  ap- 
p!j'  it  to  every  physician  who,  by  his  situation, 
is  raised  above  his  colleagues.     The  former  opi- 
nion  seems    to    have  prevailed  —  Archiatre  des 
Piois  de  France  being  applied  to  the  chief  physi- 
cian to  the  kings  of  France. 

ARCHIG"EXI  MORBI.  Acute  diseases;  be- 
cause they  hold  the  first  rank :  from  agxVi  'be- 
ginning,' and  yivo^ai,  '  I  am.' 

ARCHIMAGIA,  Chvmistry. 

ARCHIXGEAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Archingeay  is  situate  in  France,  three  leagues 
from  St.  .Jean  d'Angely.  The  waters  are  prized 
in  all  diseases.  They  seem  to  contain  carbonate 
of  lime,  a  little  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of 
iron,  and  some  bitumen. 

ARCHITECIURA  APOPLECTICA,  Apo- 
plectic make. 

ARCHITIS,  Proctitis,  Rectitis. 

ARCHOCELE,  Proctocele. 

ARCHOPTOMA,  Proctocele. 

AROHOPTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

ARCHORRHA'GIA,  from  apx°^,  'the  anus,' 
and  citui,  'I  flow.'  Archorrhce'a.  Hemorrhage 
from  the  anus. 

ARCHORRHCEA,  Archorrhagia. 

ARCHOS.  Arcus.  Rectum. 

ARCHOSTEGXOMA,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 

ARCHOSTEGXOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 

ARCHOSTEXOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 

ARCHOSYRIXX,  Fistula  in  ano. 

AR'CIFOPi-M,  Arcifor'mis,  from  arx,  arcis, 
'a  top  or  ridge,'  and  forma,  'shape.'  An  epi- 
thet given  to  certain  fibres,  Fibrm  arciform'es, 
of  the  anterior  pyramids  of  the  medulla  oblon- 
gata, which  take  a  curved  course  around  the  in- 
ferior extremity  of  each  corpus  olivare  and  ascend 
towards  the  cerebellum. 

ARCTA'TIO,  Arctitu'do,  from  arcto,  '1  make 
narrow;'  Angnsta'tio,  Coarcta'tio,  (F.)  Befrect's- 
sement.  Contraction  of  a  natural  opening  or  of  a 
canal,  and  especially  of  the  vulva,  of  the  orifice 
of  the  uterus,  or  of  the  intestinal  canal.  Consti- 
pation, (see  Stegnosis.)  Reunion  by  suture  or 
infibulation.  —  Scribonius  Largus,  Paul  Zac- 
ehias.  &c. 

ARCTITUDO,  Arctatio. 

ARCTIU^I,  A.  lappa — a.  Bardana,  A.  lappa. 

Akctium  Lappa.  The  root  and  seed  of  the 
Clit'bur,  Barda'na,  ApK^iov,  Arctium,  A.  harda'na, 
seu  majns  seu  minus  seu  tomento'sum,  I'laphis, 
Lappa  glabra,  Lappa  major  seu  persona'ta,  Per- 
sola'ta,  Persolla'ta,  Persolii'ta,  Burdock,  (Old 
Eng.)  CUthe,  Cuckold,  (F.)  Bardane,  Glouteron, 
Eerhe  aux  teigneux.  Ord.  Compositae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Syngenesia  aequalis.  Boot,  Lappa  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
diuretic ;  seed,  cathartic.  It  has  been  used  in 
decoction  in  diseases  of  the  skin  and  in  syphilis. 

ARCTicJt  MA.jns,  A.  lappa — a.  Minus,  A.  lappa 
— a.  Tomentosum,  A.  lappa. 

ARC'TOPUS  ECHIXA'TUS.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Ord,.  Umbelliferse,  which  is  demulcent 
and  diuretic,  somewhat  approaching  sarsaparilla. 
The  decoction  of  the  root  is  employed  in  syphilis, 
lepra,  and  chronic  cutaneous  affections  of  all 
kinds. 

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS  UVA  URSI,  Arbutus 
uva  ursi. 

ARCTU'RA,  from  arcto,  'I  straighten.'  The 
effects  of  a  nail  grown  into  the  flesh,  Arctu'ra 
unguis.     See  Onychogryphosis. 

Arctcra  Uxgcium.  The  growing  in  or  inver- 
sion of  the  nails.     See  Onychogryphosis. 

A-RCUA'TIO,  Concava'tio.  An  anterior  gib- 
bosity or  projection  of  the  sternum. 


ARCUEIL,  MIX'ERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ar- 
cueil  is  about  one  league  south  of  Paris.  The 
water  contains  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime, 
sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  some 
deliquescent  salts. 

A  celebrated  society  held  its  meetings  at  this 
village,  of  which  Berthollet,  Humboldt^  La  Place, 
&c.,  were  members. 

ARCULA  CORDIS,  Pericardium. 

ARCUL^.  The  Orbitar  Fossee  :  TrotAic'js. — 
Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

APtC'ULUS,  diminutive  of  arcus,  'an  arch.'  A 
small  arch ;  a  cradle,  (F.)  Arceau,  ArcJiet.  A 
semicircular  box  or  basket  used  for  preventing 
the  bed-clothes  from  coming  in  contact  with  in- 
jured or  diseased  parts.  An  ordinance  of  the 
Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  forbade  mothers  to  sleep 
with  an  infant  near  them,  unless  it  was  put  under 
a  solid  cradle. 

ARCUS  MEDULLARIS,  Fornix— a.  Senilis, 
Gerotoxon  —  a.  Subpubicus,  Subpubic  arch — a. 
Superciliaris,  Superciliary  arches — a.  Unguium, 
see  Xail — a.  Zygomaticus,  Zygomatic  arch. 

ARDALOS,  Excrement. 

ARDAS,  Excrement. 

ARDEXT,  Ardens,  from  ardere,  'to  burn.' 

Ardent  Fever,  (F.)  Fievre  ardente.  C'ausus, 
Syiioclia,  or  inflammatory  fever. 

Ardent  or  Inflamed  Eyes,  (F.)  Yeux  ardens. 
The  eyes  are  so  called  when  injected  red. 

Ardent  Urine,  (F.)  Urine  ardente.  Urine  of 
a  deep  red. 

ARDESIA  HIBERXICA,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

ABDEUB,  Ardor — a.  du  Cotur,  Cardialgia — 
a.  d' Estomac,  Ardor  ventriculi,  Pyrosis  — «.  dn 
la  Fievre,  Ardor  Febrilis  —  a.  d' Urine,  Ardor 
Urinas. 

AR'DOR,  (F.)  Ardeur.  Heat.  A  feeling  of 
burning,  of  violent  heat;  uEstu^,  JEstua'tio,  Cau- 
sa' ma. 

Ardor  Febri'lis,  (F.)  Ardeur  de  la  Fievre, 
The  hot  period  of  fever. 

Ardor  Stomachi,  Pyrosis. 

Ardor  Uri'nje,  (F.)  Ardeur  d' Urine.  A  scald- 
ing sensation  occasioned  by  the  urine  in  passing 
over  the  inflamed  mucous  membrane  of  the  ure- 
thra, or  over  the  neck  of  the  bladder. 

Ardor  Venereus,  Heat. 

Ardor  Ventric'uli,  Ebullit"io  Stom'aehi, 
Heartburn,  (Sc.)  Heartaxes,  Heartscald,  Hersket, 
(F.)  Ardeur  d'Estomac.  See  Cardialgia  and 
Pyrosis. 

A'REA,  'a  void  place,'  'an  open  surface.'  A 
Latin  word  used  by  some  authors  to  designate  a 
variety  of  Alopecia,  in  which  the  hair  changes 
colour,  but  does  not  fall  off;  also,  Porrigo  de- 
calvans. 

Area  Germinativa,  Tache  enihryonnaire. 

Area  Pellu'cida.  An  elliptical  depression  in 
the  ovum,  filled  with  a  pellucid  fluid,  in  the  cen- 
tre of  which  is  the  germ. 

Area  Vasculo'sa,  see  Circulus  venosus. 

ARE'CA.  The  fruit — Are'ca  nut,  Betel  nut — 
of  Are'ca  Cat'ecliu  seu  Fa.ufel,  Caun'ga ;  Ord. 
Palmae  ;  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia  ;  (F.) 
Arec,  is  astringent  and  tonic,  and  enters  into  the 
composition  of  the  Betel,  the  great  masticator}' 
of  the  Orientals. 

Areca  Catechtt,  see  Areca  —  a.  Faufel,  see 
Areca. 

AREFAC'TIOX,  Arefac'tio,  Xerun'sis,  ^vpavais, 
from  arefacere,  'to  make  dry,'  (arere,  'to  dry,' 
and  facere,  'to  make.')  The  process  of  drying 
substances,  prior  to  pulverization. 

AREXA,  see  Gravel. 
j      AREX'AMEX,  Bole  Armenian. 
1       AREXA'TIO,    Lihuma'tio,    Chosis,    Sand    or 


ARENGA  SACCHARIFERA 


ARGEMONE   MEXICANA 


Earth  Bath;  from  arena,  'sand:'  Saburra'tio. 
The  application  of  hot  sand  to  the  body.  Pedi- 
hi'via  [?]  of  sand  were  formerly  used  in  Ascites. 
ARENGA  SACCHARIFERA,  see  Toddy. 
AREXO'SA  URI'XA,  Sandy  Urine.  Urine 
■when  it  deposits  a  sandy  sediment. 

ARENO'SUS,  Sabulous.  Also,  one  who  passes 
sandy  urine. 

ARENULA,  see  Gravel. 

ARE'OLA.  A  diminutive  of  Area,  fF.)  Au-e. 
Anatomists  understand  by  Areola  the  int-er- 
8tiees  between  the  fibres  composing  organs,  or 
those  existing  between  laminse,  or  between  ves- 
sels which  interlace  with  each  other. 

Areola  is  also  applied  to  the  coloured  circle 
Halo,  Halos,  which  surrounds  the  nipple,  Are'- 
ola  papilla' rh,  and  which  becomes  much  darker 
during  pregnancy;  as  well  as  to  the  circle  sur- 
Founding  certain  vesicles,  pustules,  ifcc.,  as  the 
pustules  of  the  small-pox,  the  vaccine  vesicle, 
<£c.  Chaussier,  in  such  cases,  recommends  the 
word  Aure'ola,  (F.)  Aureole. 

Areola  Papillaris,  see  Areola — a.  Tubercles 
of  the,  see  Mamma. 

ARE'OLAR,  Areola'ris.  Appertaining  to  an 
areola. 

Areolab  Exhalations  are  -those  reeremen- 
titial  secretions  which  are  effected  within  the 
organs  of  sense,  or  in  parenchymatous  struc- 
tures— as  the  aqueous,  crystalline,  and  vitreous 
humours,  &c. 

Areolar  Tissue,  Cellular  Tissue. 
AREOM'ETER,  Armom'eter,  Gravirn'eter,  Al- 
coblom'eter,  Aleoom'eter,  Aerostat'ic  Balance,  from 
apaios,  'light,' and //£rpo!/,  'measure:'  i.  e.  'measure 
of  lightness.'  An  instrument 
so  called  because  first  em- 
ployed to  take  the  specific  gra- 
vity of  fluids  lighter  than  water. 
Tho:  Areometer  of  Baume,  which 
is  the  most  used  in  Pharmacy, 
particularly  in  France,  consists 
of  a  fiibe  of  glass,  largely 
expanded  towards  its  inferior 
extremity,  and  terminating  be- 
low by  a  small  ball,  containing 
mercury  or  leadj  which  serves 
it  as  a  balance,  so  that  it  may 
remain  upright  in  the  fluid. 
This  tube  is  furnished  with  a 
graduated  scale.  If  the  fluid 
into  which  the  Areometer  is 
plunged  be  heavier  than  water, 
the  instrument  rises;  if  lighter, 
it  sinks.  There  are  various 
Areometers,  as  those  of  the 
Dutch,  of  Fahrenheit,  Nichol- 
son, &c.  The  Areometer  is  also 
called  Hydrom'eter,  (F.)  Areo- 
metre,  Pese-liqueur. 

There  are  some  hydrometers 
which  have  a  general  applica- 
tion for  determining  the  spe- 
cific gravities  of  liquids  —  as 
Fahrenheit's,  Nicholson's,Guy- 
ton  de  Morveau's,  and  the  com- 
mon glass  hydrometers,  inclu- 
ding Baume's,  Cartier's,  Twad- 
dle's, Zanetti's,  and  the  spe- 
cific gravity  beads;  others  in- 
tended for  special  application 
—  as  for  estimating  the  com- 
parative strength  of  spirits;  the 
comparative  densities  of  sy- 
rups, oils,  &e.  —  as  Gay  Lus- 
sac's,  Sikes's,  and  Dicat's  hy- 
drometers, and  the  saccharometer,  urinometer, 
and  elasometer. 


ffl:::: 


Baume's  Hydro 
meter. 


SCALE    OF    baume's    HTDRO-METEE,    WITH    COERE- 
SPOXDIXG   specific    GRAVITIES. 

1.  Ascending  Scale  for  light  liquids. 


Scale  of 

Specific 

Baume. 

Gravities. 

70 

700 

66 

715 

60 

742 

50 

782 

4S 

792 

42 

819  "1 
827; 

40 

36 

847 

S3 

863 

32 

86S 

30 

878 
1 

26 

900  ■ 

25 

906  7 
915  1 

23 

1 

Id. 

Id.  1 

923  r 

Id.-) 

22 

Id. 

20 

935  V 

18 

948  j 

13 

980 

12 

986 

11 

993 

10 

1000 

Substances. 


Pure  hydrocyanic  acid. — Gay  Ims- 

sac. 
Tery  pure  sulphuric  ether. 
The  same  concentrated. 

Equal  parts  of  alcohol  and  ether. 
Tery  pure  alcohol  for  pharmaceu- 
tical purposes. 
Pure  alcohol.     Naphtha. 
Alcohol  of  commerce. 
Essential  oil  of  turpentine. 

Hydrocyanic  acid  of  Scheele  and 
pure  hydrocyanic  acid,  mixed 
with  an  equal  portion  of  water. 
— JSobiquet. 

Acetic  ether. 

Nitric  ether. 
Muriatic  ether. 
Liquid  ammonia. 
Olive  oil. 


Brandy. 

Burgundy  wine. 

Bordeaux  wine. 
Distilled  water. 


2.  Descending  Scale  for  heavy  liquids. 


Scale  of 

Specific 

Baume. 

Gravities. 

0 

1000 

1 

1007  •) 
1009/ 

9 

1014 

If 

1032 

10 

1075  ■) 
1091/ 

12 

20 

1161 

21 

1180  1 
1210/ 

25 

30 

1261 

85 

1321  j 

1384) 

40 

41 

1398  Y 

45 

1454J 

Id. 

Id. 

50 

1532 

60 

1714 

66 

1847 

70 

1946 

stances. 


Common  distilled  water. 
Distilled  vinegar. 
Common  vinegar. 
Cow's  milk. 

Concentrated  acetic  acid. 

Liquid  hydrochloric  acid. 

Boiling  syrup. 
Cold  Syrup. 
Common  nitric  acid. 

Concentrated  nitric  acid. 

Phosphoric  acid  for  medical  use. 


Very  concentrated  sulphuric  acid. 
Very  concentrated  phosphoric  acid 


ARES.  A  term  invented  by  Paracelsus  to  de- 
signate the  principle  on  which  depends  the  form 
of  mercury,  sulphur,  and  salt.  These  the  alchy- 
mists  regarded  as  the  three  bodies  that  give  birth 
to  every  other. 

AR'ETE,  apcTT],  'virtue.'  Mental  or  corporeal 
vigour. — Hippocrates. 

ARETHU'SA,  A.  hulho'sa;  indigenous.  Order, 
Orchidaceas.  The  bruised  bulbs  are  used  in 
toothache;  and  as  cataplasms,  to  tumours. 

A'REUS.  A  pessary  mentioned  by  Paulus  of 
.^gina. 

ARGEL,  Cynanchum  oleaefolium. 

AR'GEMA,  Ar'gemon,  Ar'gemus,  from  apyoi, 
'white.'  Fos'sula,  (F.)  Encavure.  A  white  spot' 
or  ulceration  of  the  eye.  —  Hippocrates.  See 
Lencoma. 

ARGEMO'NE,  MEXICA'NA,  Thorn  Poppy, 
Prickly  Po-ppy,  Yellow  Thistle.  A  native  of 
Mexico,  but  naturalized  in  most  parts  of  the 
world.  Ord.  Papaveraceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyan- 
dria  Monogynia.    The  juice  resembles  gamboge. 


ARGENSON 


89 


ARGILLA  BOLUS  FLAVA 


and  has  been  used  as  a  hydragogue.  The  seeds 
are  employed  in  the  West  Indies  as  a  substitute 
for  ipecacuanha.  They  are  also  used  as  a  ca- 
thartic. 

ARGENSON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
chalybeate  situate  at  Argenson  in  Dauphiny : 
used  in  cases  of  obstruction,  jaundice,  &c. 

ARGENT,  Argentum — a.  Chlanire  d',  see  Ar- 
gentum  ■ — -a.  Cyunure  d',  see  Argentum  —  a.  et 
d'Aminoniaque,  chlorure  d',  see  Argentum  —  a. 
lodiire  d',  see  Argentum  —  a.  Oxide  d',  see  Ar- 
gentum— a.  Petit,  Platinum  —  a.  Vive,  Hydrar- 
gyrum. 

ARGENTERIA,  Potentilla  anserina. 

ARGENTI  CHLORIDUM,  see  Argentum— a. 
et  Ammonige  chloridum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  et 
Ammoniae  chloruretum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Cya- 
iiidum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Cyanuretum,  see  Ar- 
gentum— a.  lodidum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  lodure- 
tum,  see  Argentum. 

Aegen'ti  Nitras,  Argen'tuni  Nitra'tum  seu 
Nit'ricum,  Sal  argen'ti,  (F.)  Nitrate  ou  Azotate 
d' Argent,  Nitrate  of  Silver.  This  preparation  is 
sometimes  kept  in  crystals,  the  Nitras  Argen'ti 
ill  crystal'los  conere'tus.  Nitrate  d' Argent  crystal- 
lise of  the  Codex  of  Paris,  Luna  2Mtah' His,  Crys- 
talli  Luncs,  Argen'tum  nit'ricnm  crystallisa'tiim, 
Nitras  argenti  crystal'linus,  Nitrum  luna're,  Hy- 
drago'gum  Boy'lei.  Generally,  however,  it  is  in 
the  fused  state  :  and  it  is  this  which  is  admitted 
into  most  Pharmacopoeias,  and  which,  besides 
the  name  Nitras  Argenti,  is  called  Ni'tras  argen'ti 
fusus  seu  fustim,  Caus'ticicm  luna're,  Lapis  infer- 
na'lis,  Argen'tum  nit'ricum  fusum,  and  lunar 
caustic,  (F.)  Nitrate  d'argent  fondu,  Pierre  in- 
female. 

In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  it 
is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows  :  —  Take  of 
silver,  in  small  pieces,  ,^j  ;  nitric  acid,  f^vij, 
distilled  water,  f^ij-  Mix  the  acid  with  the 
water,  and  dissolve  the  silver  in  the  mixture  in 
a  sand  bath;  then  crystallize,  or  gradually  in- 
crease the  heat,  so  that  the  resulting  salt  may  be 
dried.  Melt  this  in  a  crucible  over  a  gentle  fire, 
and  continue  the  heat  until  ebullition  ceases ; 
then  immediately  pour  it  into  suitable  moulds. 

The  virtues  of  nitrate  of  silver  are  tonic,  and 
eseharotic.  It  is  given  in  chorea,  epilepsy,  &c. : 
locally,  it  is  used  in  various  cases  as  an  eseha- 
rotic. Dose,  gr.  1-8  to  gr.  1-4  in  pill,  three  times 
a  day. 

When  silver  is  combined  with  iodine,  it  is  said 
to  have  the  same  effect  as  the  nitrate,  and  not  to 
produce  the  slate  colour  of  the  surface,  which  is 
apt  to  follow  the  protracted  use  of  the  latter. 

Argenti  Oxiddm,  see  Argentum. 

ARGENTILLA  vulgaris,  Potentilla  an- 
serina. 

AR'GENTINE,  Argento'sus,  same  etymon  as 
the  next.     Pertaining  to  silver;  as  an  'argentine 
solution,'  or  solution  of  a  salt  of  silver. 
■  Argentine,  Potentilla  anserina. 

ARGEN'TUM,  ^)-'(/7/ras,  from  apyo?,  'white,' 
Silver,  Luna,  Bia'na.  (F.)  Argent.  A  solid  metal 
of  a  shining  white  appearance  ;  insipid  ;  inodor- 
ous; highly  sonorous;  malleable  and  ductile; 
somewhat  hard;  crystallizable  in  triangular  py- 
ramids ;  fusible  a  little  above  a  red  heat,  and 
volatizable;  s.  g.  10.4.  Not  used  in  medicine, 
unle.'S  in  some  places  for  silvering  pills.  Silver 
Lhaf,  Argen'tum  folia' turn,  is  the  State  in  which 
it  is  used  for  this  purpose. 

Argentum  Divi'sum,  metallic  silver,  in  very 
fine  powder,  has  been  recommended  internally  in 
syphilis. 

The  Chloride  {Argen'ti  cMo'ridum,  Argen'- 
tum muriat'icum  seu  chlora'tum  seu  sali'tnm. 
Chlorvre'tuni  Argen'ti,  Chlor'uret  or  Ifii'riate  of 
Silver,  (F.)  Chlorure  d' Argent);  the  Cyanuret; 


the  Iodide  (Argen'ti  lo'didum,  Argen'tum  loda'- 
tum,  lodure'tum  Argen'ti,  lod'uret  of  Silver,  (F.) 
lodure  d' Argent;)  the  Oxide  [Argen'ti  ox'idum, 
Argen'tum  oxyda'tum,  (F.)  Oxide  d' Argent),  Ank 
the  Chloride  of  Ammonia  and  Silver  [Argen'ti 
et  Ammo' ni(E~  chlo'ridum,  Argen'tum  muriat'icum 
ammonia'tum,  CMorure' turn  Argen'ti  et  Ammo'- 
nicB,  Chlo'ruret  of  Silver  and  Ammonia,  Ammo- 
nio-chloride  of  Silver,  (F.)  Chlorure  d' Argent  et 
d'Am7noniaque),ha,ve  been  used  in  syphilis.  At 
first,  these  different  preparations  were  adminis- 
tered iatraleptically  on  the  gums  ;  the  chloride, 
the  cyanide  and  the  iodide  in  the  dose  of  l-12th 
of  a  grain;  the  chloride  of  silver  and  ammonia 
in  the  dose  of  l-14th  of  a  grain,  and  the  oxide  of 
silver  and  divided  silver  in  the  dose  of  l-8th  and 
l-4th  of  a  grain.  M.  Serre,  of  Montpellier,  who 
made  many  trials  with  them,  soon  found  that 
these  doses  were  too  small;  he  therefore  raised 
that  of  the  chloride  to  1-lOth,  and  of  the  iodide 
to  l-8th  of  a  grain,  without  any  inconvenience 
resulting.  The  dose  of  the  other  preparations  was 
likewise  increased  in  a  similar  ratio.  M.  Serre 
extols  the  preparations  of  silver — used  internally 
as  well  as  iatraleptically  —  as  antisyphilitios,  but 
they  are  not  to  be  depended  upon. 

The  Cyanuret  or  Cyanide  of  Silver,  Argen'ti 
Cyanure'tum  seu  Cyan'idum,  Argen'tum  cyanoge- 
na'tum,  (F.)  Cyanure  d'argent,  is  thus  directed 
to  be  prepared  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  (1842,)  Argent. 
Nit.  ^xv,  Acid  Hydrocyan.,  Aq.  destillat.  aa  Oj. 
Having  dissolved  the  nitrate  of  silver  in  the 
water,  add  the  hydrocyanic  acid,  and  mix  them^ 
Wash  the  precipitate  with  distilled  water  and  dry 
it.  In  the  last  edition  of  the  Pharmacopoeia, 
(1851,)  it  is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows: — 
Nitrate  of  Silver,  dissolved  in  distilled  water,  is 
put  into  a  tubulated  glass  receiver;  Ferocyanuret 
of  Potassium,  dissolved  in  distilled  loater,  is  put 
into  a  tubulated  retort,  previously  adapted  to  the 
rec&iver.  Dilute  Sulphuric  Acid  is  added  to  the 
solution  in  the  retort;  and,  by  means  of  a  sand- 
bath  and  a  moderate  heat,  distillation  is  carried 
on  until  the  liquid  that  passes  over  no  longer 
produces  a  precipitate  in  the  receiver.  The  pre- 
cipitate is  then  washed  with  distilled  water,  and 
dried. 

The  Oxide  of  Silver,  Argen'ti  Ox'idum,  has 
been  introduced  into  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph. 
U.  S.  (1851).  It  is  made  by  precipitating  a  solu- 
tion of  the  Nitrate  of  Silver  by  solution  of  Po- 
tassa,  drying  the  precipitate. 

Argentum  Ciiloratdm,  see  Argentum — a. 
Cyanogenatum,  see  Argentum — a.  Fugitivum, 
Hydrargyrum  —  a.  Fusum,  Hydrargyrum  —  a. 
lodatum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Liquidum,  Hydrar- 
gyrum—  a.  Mobile,  Hydrnrgyrum  —  a.  Muriati- 
cum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Muriaticum  Ammonia- 
turn,  see  Argentum — a.  Oxydatum,  see  Argentum 
— a.  Salitum,  see  Argentum — a.  Vivum,  Hydrar- 
gyrum. 

ARGIL,  PURE,  Argilla  pura. 

ARGILE  OOHREUSE  PALE,  Bolus  Alba. 

ARGILLA  BOLUS  FLAVA,  Terra  Lemnia— 
a.  Bolus  rubra,  Bole  Armenian  —  a.  Ferruginea 
rubra.  Bole  Armenian  —  a.  Kalisulphurica,  Alu- 
men — a.  Pallida,  Bolus  alba. 

Argilla  Pura,  Terra  Alu'minis  seu  hola'ris, 
seu  argilla'cea  jiura  seu  depura'ta  seu  hydra'ta, 
Alu'mina  pura  seu  depura'ta,  Ox'idum  alumin'ii, 
pure  Argil  or  Alumina,  (F.)  Alumine  factice. 
This  substance,  which  is  prepared  by  drying  alum 
and  exposing  it,  for  twenty  or  twenty-five  mi- 
nutes, to  a  red  heat,  until  the  sulphuric  acid  is 
driven  off,  has  been  recommended  in  indigestion 
as  antacid,  as  well  as  in  vomiting  and  diarrhoea 
accompanied  with  acidity.  The  dose  to  a  very 
young  child  is  from  Jss  to  ^j  ;  to  older  children 
from  S;j  to  3ij. 


ARGILL-E  ACETAS 


90 


ARMOUR 


Argilla  Sclphurica  Alcalisata,  Alumen  — 
a.  Sulphurica  usta,  Alumen  exsicciitum  —  a.  Su- 
persulphas  alcalisatum,  Alumen  —  a.  Vitriol ata, 
Alumen. 

ARGILLiE  ACETAS,  Aluminse  acetas  — a. 
Sulphas,  Aluminse  sulphas. 

ARGOL,  RED,  Potassse  supertartras  impurus 
■ — a.  White,  Potassas  supertartras  impurus. 

ARGUMENTUM  INTEGRITATIS.  Hymen. 

APbGY'RIA,  from  apyvpog,  'silver.'  The  dis- 
coloration of  the  skin  occasioned  by  the  internal 
use  of  nitrate  of  silver. 

ARGYROCH^TA,  Matricaria. 

ARGYROPH'ORA,  from  apyvpog,  'silver,'  and 
(j>tpM,  'I  bear.'  A  name  given,  by  Myrepsus,  to 
an  antidote  which  he  regarded  as  extremely  pre- 
cious. 

ARGYROTROPHEMA,  Blancmanger. 

ARGYRUS,  Argentum. 

ARHEUMAT'IC,  Arheumat'ieus,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  pevixa,  'fluxion  or  rheumatism.'  One 
without  fluxion  or  rheumatism. 

ARIA,  CratEBgus  aria — a.  Cattiva,  see  Miasma. 

APuICI'ISTA,  Aric"ia,  Cus'conin,  Ctisco-Cincho'- 
nia,  so  called  from  Arica  in  South  America,  the 
place  vs-here  it  is  shipped.  An  alkaloid  found  in 
Cusco  Bark,  which  is  very  similar  in  many  of  its 
properties  to  Ginchonia.  Cusco  was  the  ancient 
residence  of  the  Incas. 

ARIC'YMON,  from  api,  an  intensive  particle, 
and  Kvuv,  '  to  conceive.'  A  name  given  to  a 
female  who  conceives  readily. — Hippocrates. 

ARIDE'NA.  A  Latin  word  employed  to  de- 
signate the  leanness  of  any  part.  —  EttmuUer, 
Sauvages. 

ARID'ITY,  Arid'itas.  (F.)  Aridite,  from  arere, 
'  to  grow  dry.'  The  French  use  the  word  Ari- 
dite to  express  the  dryness  of  any  organ,  and 
particularly  of  the  skin  and  tongue,  when  such 
dryness  is  so  great  as  to  render  the  organ  rough 
to  the  touch.  Aridite  also  means  the  lanuginous 
appearance  of  the  hair  in  some  diseases  in  which 
it  seems  covered  with  dust. 

ARIDU'RA.  Wasting  or  emaciation  of  the 
whole  or  of  any  part  of  the  body;  Marasmus, 
Atrophy. 

Aeidura  Cordis,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the  —  a. 
Hepatis,  Hepatrophia. 

APtlKA,  see  Spirit. 

ARISiEMA  ATRO-RUBENS,  Arum  triphyl- 
lum. 

ARISTALTH^A,  AlthEea. 

ARISTOLOCHI'A,  from  apio-rof,  '  very  good,' 
and  \o)(^ua,  'parturition;'  so  called,  because  the 
different  varieties  were  supposed  to  aid  parturi- 
tion. Birthwort,  (F.)  Aristoloche.  Ord.  Aris- 
tolochiacese.     Several  varieties  were  once  in  use. 

Aristolochia  Cava,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

Aristolochi'a  Clemati'tis,  Aristolochi'a  Viil- 
ga'ris  seu  Cre'tica  seu  ten'uis,  Adra  Riza  (F.) 
Aristoloche  ordinaire,  Upright  Birthicort.  The 
root  has  been  considered  stimulant  and  emmena- 
gogue,  and  as  such  has  been  used  in  amenorrhcea, 
chlorosis,  and  cachexia. 

Aristolochia  Cretica,  A.  Clematitis — a.  Fa- 
bacea,  Fumaria  bulbosa  —  a.  Hastata,  see  A. 
serpentaria — a.  Hirsuta,  see  A.  serpentaria. 

Aristolochi'a  Longa,  and  A.  Rotun'da,  (F.) 
Aristoloche  longiie  et  ronde,  Long  and  Round 
Birthwort.    Virtues  the  same  as  the  preceding. 

Aristolochi'a  Pistolochi'a,  Pistolochi' a  Aris- 
tolochi'a, Polyrrhi'za.  This  variety  has  an  aro- 
matic odour,"  and  an  acrid  and  bitter  taste.  (F.) 
Aristoloche  crenelee. 

Aristolochia  Reticulata,  see  A.  serpentaria. 

Aristolochi'a  Serpenta'ria,  Serpenta'ria,  S. 
Virginia'na,  Vipera'ria,  Viperi'na  Virginia'na, 
Colubri'na  Virginia'na,  Contrayer'va  Virginia'- 
na, {¥.]  Serpentaire  Qt  Aristoloche  serpentaire  de 


Virginie,  Coluvrine  ou  Couleuvree  ou  Viperine  de 
Virginie,  Virginia  Snakeroot,  Snaheroot  Birth- 
wort, Snakeweed,  Snagrcl.  Virtues  of  the  root, 
Serpenta'ria,  tonic,  stimulant;  and  as  such,  em- 
ployed in  debility,  intermittents,  Ac.  Aristo- 
lochi'a Hirsu'ta,  a.  Hasta'ta  and  A.  Reticu- 
la'ta;  indigenous,  are  employed  indiscriminately 
with  A.  Serpentaria  under  the  name  Serpentaria 
or  Virginia  Snakeroot. 

Aristolochi'a  Sipho,  Dutchman's  pipe,  and 
A.  Tomento'sa;  indigenous,  have  virtues  like 
those  of  A.  Serpentaria. 

Aristolochi'a  Tenuis,  A.  Clematitis — a.  To- 
mentosa,  see  A.  sipho — a.  Trifida,  A.  Trilobata. 

Aristolochi'a  Triloba'ta,  A.  trifida,  (F.) 
Aristoloche  trilobee.  A  plant  of  Surinam  and 
Jamaica;  possessing  the  general  virtues  of  the 
Aristolochiacese.  The  other  varieties  of  Aristo- 
lochia have  similar  properties. 

Aristolochi'a  Vulgaris  Rotunda,  Fumaria 
bulbosa. 

ARISTOLOCH'IC,  Aristoloch'icus.  Same  ety- 
mology. An  old  term  for  remedies  supposed  to 
have  the  property  of  promoting  the  flow  of  the 
lochia. — Hippocrates,  Theophrastus,  Dioscorides, 
&c. 

ARIS'TON  MAGNUM,  and  ARISTON  PAR- 
VUM.  These  names  were  formerly  given  to 
pharmaceutical  preparations,  used  in  phthisis, 
tormina,  and  fever. — Avicenna. 

ARISTOPHANEI'ON.  A  sort  of  emollient 
plaster,  prepared  with  four  pounds  of  pitch,  two 
of  apochyma,  one  of  wax,  an  ounce  of  opoponax, 
and  half  a,  pint  of  vinegar.  —  Gorrseus.  Not 
used. 

ARKAN'SAS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
About  5  miles  from  the  Washita  river,  and  about 
a  quarter  of  a  degree  north  of  the  Louisiana  line, 
there  are  about  70  of  those  springs; — Ouachita 
or  Washitau  Springs.  They  are  thermal,  vary- 
ing from  138°  to  150°  Fahrenheit,  and  are  em- 
ployed in  rheumatism,  cutaneous  affections,  &c. 

ARK-BEIN,  Pubis  os. 

ARKEION,  Arctium  Lappa. 

ARLADA,  Realgar. 

ARLES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ther- 
mal sulphureous  springs  in  the  department  of 
Pyrenees  Orientales,  France.  Their  temperature 
is  103°  to  145°  of  Fahr.,  and  they  contain  sul- 
phohydric  acid. 

ARM,  Brachium. 

ARMA,  Penis — a.  Ventris,  Penis. 

ARMAMENTARIUM,  Arsenal  — a.  Chirurgi- 
cum,  see  Arsenal — a.  Portabile,  see  Case. 

ARMATORY  UNGUENT,  Hoplochrysma. 

ARMATURA,  Amnios. 

ARME,  from  apu),  'I  adapt.'  Any  physiolo- 
gical or  mechanical  junction  or  union  of  parts. — 
Hesychius.  A  suture,  as  of  the  craniunL — Galen. 

ARMENIACA  EPIROTICA,  Prunus  Armeni- 
aca — a.  Mains,  Apricot,  see  Prunus — a.  Vulgaris, 
Prunus  Armeniaca. 

ARMENIAN  STONE,  Melochites. 

ARMENITES,  Melochites. 

ARMILL^  MANUS  MEMBRANOS^,  An- 
nular ligaments  of  the  carpus. 

ARMOISE  BLANCHE,  Artemisia  rupestris 
— a.  Commune,  Artemisia  vulgaris — a.  Estragon, 
Artemisia  dracunculus — a.  Ordinaire,  Artemisia 
vulgaris. 

ARMONIACUM,  Ammoniac,  gum. 

ARMORA'CIA,  from  Armorica,  where  it  was 
largely  cultivated.  In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  the  fresh  root  of  Cochlearia  armo- 
racia. 

Armoracia  Rusticana,  Cochlearia  armoracia 
— a.  Sativa,  Cochlearia  armoracia. 

ARMOUR,  Condom. 


ARM U RE  DJES  JAMBES 


91 


ARROW   ROOT 


ARMURE  DBS  JAMBES,  see  Comu  am- 
monis. 

ARMUS,  Humerus — a.  Summus,  Acromion. 

ARN,  Alnus  glutinosa. 

ARNALD'IA,  Amalclie.  A  disease,  which 
appears  to  have  prevailed  in  England  at  one 
time,  but  whose  origin  and  nature  are  unknown. 
It  was  accompanied  with  loss  of  hair ;  and,  by 
some,  is  supposed  to  have  been  Syphilis.  "  Deinde 
uterque  R,ex  incidit  in  tegritudinem,  quam  Ar- 
naldiam  vocant,  in  qua  ipsi  usque  ad  mortem 
laborantes,  capillos  sues  deposuerunt." — Rogerus 
Hovedenus,  in  Ricardo  I.,  cited  by  Du  Cange. 

AR'NICA  MONTA'NA.  Derivation  uncer- 
tain. Arnica,  Leojyard's  Bane,  Eoron'icum  Ger- 
man'icum  seu  Oj>23osit>/o'liu)n  seu  Plantag"ini8 
folio,  Ar'nica  Plauensis,  Alis'ma,  Ac"yrus, 
Biuret' ica,  Panace'a  lapso'rum,  Ptar'mica  mon- 
ta'na,  Caltha  seu  Calen'dula  Alpi'na,  Nardus 
Cel'tica  ul'tera,  (F.)  Arnique,  Betoine  ou  Tahac 
des  Montagues,  Tahac  des  Vosgea,  Tabac  ou  Be- 
toine des  Savoyards,  Doronic  d'Allemagne,  Plan- 
tain ou  Souci  des  Alpes.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia 
Polygamia  superflua.  Ord.  Compositse.  The 
plant  and  flowers  (Aj'nica,  Ph.  U.  S.)  are  consi- 
dered, or  have  been  considered,  narcotic,  stimu- 
lant, emmenagogue,  &c.;  and,  as  such,  have  been 
given  in  amaurosis,  paralysis,  all  nervous  afl'ec- 
tions,  rheumatism,  gout,  chlorosis,  &c.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  X,  in  powder.  In  large  doses  it  is  dele- 
terious. 

Arnica  Nudicaulis  and  A.  Mollis  are  sup- 
posed to  have  medical  virtues  like  the  last. 

Arnica  Plauensis,  Arnieamontana — a.  Spuria, 
Inula  dysenterica  —  a.  Suedensis,  Inula  dysen- 
teriea. 

ARNIQUE,  Arnica  montana. 

ARNOGLOSSUM,  Plantago. 

ARNOTT'S  DILATOR,  see  Dilator,  Arnott's. 

ARNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

ARO'MA,  Ar'tyma,  'perfume  :'  {apt,  intensive, 
and  oaiiri  or  ohjit],  '  odour,'  or  from  apw,  '  to  make 
fitting  or  agreeable.')  Spir'itua  Rector,  (F.) 
ArSrae.  The  odorous  part  of  plants.  An  ema- 
nation—  frequently  imponderable- — -from  bodies, 
which  acts  on  the  organ  of  smell,  and  varies  with 
the  body  exhaling  it. 

AROMATE,  Aromatic. 

AROMAT'IC,  ^romai'jcus,  (E.)  Ar ornate.  Any 
odoriferous  substance  obtained  from  the  vegetable 
kingdom  which  contains  much  volatile  oil,  or  a 
light  and  expansible  resin.  Aromatics  are  used 
in  perfumes,  in  seasoning,  and  embalming.  In 
medicine  they  are  employed  as  stimulants.  Gin- 
ger, cinnamon,  cardamoms,  mint,  <fcc.,  belong  to 
this  class. 

AR'OMATIZE,  (F.)  Aromatiser.  To  add  to  a 
mixture  or  potion  some  aromatic,  to  mask  its 
taste  or  render  it  more  agreeable.  Such  mix- 
ture is  then  said  to  he  aromatized. 

AROMATOPO'LA,  from  apu)iia,  'an  odour,' 
and  TTwAtd),  'I  sell.'  An  apothecary  or  druggist. 
One  who  sells  spices. 

ARON",  Arum. 

AROPH.  A  barbarous  word,  which  had  vari- 
ous significations  with  the  ancients.  Paracelsus 
employed  it  to  designate  a  lithonthriptic  remedy. 
The  mandragora,  according  to  some.  Also,  a 
mixture  of  bread,  safiron,  and  wine. — Van  Hel- 
mont. 

Aroph  Paracelsi,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

ARQUEBUSADE,  EAU  B',  Aqua  traumat'- 
ica  Thede'nii  seu  Thedia'na  seu  selopetu'ria  seu 
vulnera'ria  seu  catapulta'rum,  Mistu'ra  vulnera'- 
ria  ac"ida.  A  sort  of  vulnerary  water,  distilled 
from  a  farrago  of  aromatic  plants.  Rosemary, 
ftiiss;  millefoil,  thyme,  each  Ibss  ;  Proof  spirit,  2 
gallons — distil  a  gallon.     This  is  one  form. 

ARR,  Cicatrix. 


ARRABOX,  Arraphon. 

ARRACHEMENT  (F.),  from  arraeher,  'to 
tear  out,'  Apospas'ma,  Abrup'tio,  Avul'sio.  Act 
of  separating  a  part  of  the  body  by  tearing  it  from 
the  bonds  connecting  it  with  others.  Evulsion. 
Laceration. 

Arrachement  is  applied  to  certain  operations, 
as  to  the  extraction  of  a  tooth,  the  extirpation  of 
a  polypus,  &c. 

ARRACK,  Arack.     See  Spirit. 

AR'RAPHON,  Ar'rabon,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
paipri,  'a  suture,'  —  'without  suture.'  A  term 
applied  to  the  cranium  when  it  presents  no 
sutures. 

ARRECTIO,  Erection. 

ARRED,  see  Scar. 

ARREPTIO,  Insanity. 

ARRESTA  BOVIS,  Ononis  spinosa. 

ARR&T  B'HILBAN,  Remora  Hildani. 

ARR&TE-BCEUF,  Ononis  spinosa. 

ARRHQil'A,  from  a,  priv.,  and  pew,  'I  flow.' 
The  suppression  of  any  flux.     Amenorrhcea. 

ARRHOSTEMA,  Disease. 

ARRHOSTENIA,  Disease. 

ARRHOSTIA,  Disease,  Infirmity, 

ARRHYTHMUS,  Cacorrhythmus, 

ARRIBA,  GeoflfrEBa  vermifuga. 

ARRTERE-BOUOHE,  Pharynx  —  a.  -Bent, 
see  Dentition— n.  -Faix,  Secundines. 

ARRTERE-GOUT  (F.),  'after  taste.'  The 
taste  left  by  certain  bodies  in  the  mouth  for  some 
time  after  they  have  been  swallowed,  owing  per- 
haps to  the  papillEe  of  the  mouth  having  imbibed 
the  savoury  substance. 

ARRIERES  NARINES,  Nares,  posterior. 

ARROGHE,  Atriplex  hortensis  —  a.  Puant, 
Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

ARROSEMENT,  Aspersion. 

ARROWHEAD,  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  LEAF,  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  POISON,  This  difi^ers  with  diflerent 
tribes  of  Indians.  By  some,  the  poison  capsicum, 
and  infusions  of  a  strong  kind  of  tobacco,  a,nd  of 
euphorbiacese  are  mixed  together,  with  the  poi- 
sonous emmet,  and  the  teeth  of  the  formidable 
serpent,  called,  by  the  Peruvian  Indians,  Miua- 
maru  or  Jergon — LacJiesii  picta  of  Tschudi. 

ARROW  ROOT,  Fec'ula  Maran'ta,  Am'ylum 
maranta' cexmi  seu  America'num.  The  fecula  of 
the  rhizoma  of  Maran'ta  Arundina'cea,  3faranta 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Ord.  Marantaceae,  which,  like  all 
feculse,  is  emollient  and  nutritive,  when  prepared 
with  water,  milk,  &c. 

Dr.  Carson  has  shown,  that  Florida  arrow  root 
is  derived  from  Za'mia,  integrifo'lia  or  Z.p)u'mila, 
Sugar  piine,  Ord.  Cycadacese ;  Bermuda  arrow 
root  being  obtained  from  Maranta  arundinacea. 
Florida  arrow  root,  as  well  as  the  farina,  is  known 
in  the  Southern  States  under  the  name  Coonti  or 
Goontie. 

According  to  Dr.  Ainslie,  an  excellent  kind  of 
arrow  root  is  prepared  in  Tra van  core  from  the 
root  of  Curcuma  angustifolia,  Ord.  ZingiberacesB. 

ArroiD  root  mucilage  is  made  by  rubbing  arrow 
root  powder  with  a  little  cold  water,  in  a  basin, 
by  means  of  the  back  of  a  spoon,  until  it  is  com- 
pletely mixed  with  the  water;  then  pouring  boil- 
ing water  over  it,  stirring  assiduously  until  a  soft, 
gelatinous,  tenacious  mucilage  is  formed;  and, 
lastly,  boiling  for  five  minutes.  A  tablespoonful 
of  arrow  root  powder  is  suificient  to  make  a  pint 
of  mucilage.  It  may  be  moderately  sweetened; 
and  wine  or  lemon  juice  may  be  added. 

With  milk  also  it  forms  a  bland  and  nutritious 
article  of  diet. 

Arrow  Root,  Brazilian.  The  fecula  of  Ja- 
tropha  Manihot. 


ARROW   WEED 


92 


ARSENICUM 


Arro-w  Root,  Common,  see  Solanum  tubero-  j 
Bum. 

Arrow  Root,  East  Indian.  The  fecula  of  the 
tubers  of  Curcuma  angustifoUa,  or  narrow-leaved 
Turmeric. 

Arrow  Root,  English,  Arrow  root,  common. 

Arrow  Root,  Tahi'ti,  Tacca  starch,  Otahei'te 
Salep.     The  fecula  of  Tacca  Oceanica. 

ARROW  WEED,  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  WOOD,  Euonymus,  Viburnum  den- 
tatum. 

ARS  CABALISTICA,  Cabal— a.  Chymiatrica, 
Chymiatria — a.  Clysmatiea  nova,  Infusion  of  me- 
dicines—  a.  Coquinaria,  Culinary  art — a.  Cosme- 
tica.  Cosmetics  —  a.  Culinaria,  Culinary  art  —  a. 
Empirica,  Empiricism — a.  Formulas  medicas  con- 
cinandi,  see  Prescription— a.  Hermetica,  Chymis- 
try — a.  Horaceopathica,  Homoeopathy — a.  Hydria- 
trica,  Hydrosudotherapeia — a.  Infusoria,  Infu- 
sion of  medicines  —  a.  Machaonia,  Medicina — a. 
Majorum,  Chymistry  —  a.  Medica,  Medicina — a. 
Obstetrieia,  Obstetrics — a.  Sanandi,  Art,  healing 
— a.  Separatoria,  Chymistry — a.  Signata,  Cabal 
— a.  Spagyriea,  Chymistry — a.  Sphygmica,  Sphyg- 
mologia — a.  Veterinaria,  Veterinary  Art — a.  Zoia- 
trica,  Veterinary  Art. 

ARSALT03,  Asphaltum. 

ARSATUM,  Nymphomania. 

ARSECOCKLE  (Sc),  synonymous  with  Teut. 
aers-bleyne,  tnherculus  in  ano.  Originally,  a 
hot  pimple  on  the  hips.  Now,  in  Scotland,  a 
similar  pimple  on  the  face  or  any  part  of  the 
body. — Jamieson. 

ARSENAL  (F.),  Cliirapothe'ca,  Armamenta'- 
riurii.  A.  Chirur' giciim.  A  collection  of  surgical 
instruments.  A  work  containing  a  description 
of  surgical  instruments.  Armainenta'rium  ob- 
stet'ricum  has  the  same  significations  in  regard  to 
obstetrics. 

ARSEN'IATE,  Arsen'iaa,  (¥.)  Arseniate,  from 
cpatjv,  'robust.'  A  salt  formed  by  a  combination 
of  arsenic  acid  with  a  salifiable  base. 

Arseniate  of  Ammonia,  Arsen'ias  Ammo'nim, 
Ammo'nium,  Araen'icum  seu  Arsenic' icum,  (F.) 
Arseniate  d' Ammoniaque.  This  preparation  is 
highly  extolled  in  cutaneous  diseases.  A  grain 
of  the  salt  may  be  dissolved  in  an  ounce  of  dis- 
tilled water,  and  20  to  25  drops  be  commenced 
with  as  a  dose. 

Arseniate  of  Iron,  Arsen'ias  Ferri,  Ferrum 
Arsenia'tum  seu  Arsenic' icum  oxydula'tum,  (F.) 
Arseniate  de  Fer.  This  preparation  has  been 
applied  externally  to  cancerous  ulcers.  An  oint- 
ment may  be  made  of  gss  of  the  arseniate,  ^ij  of 
the  phosphate  of  iron,  and  ^vj  of  spermaceti 
ointment.  The  arseniate  has  also  been  given 
internally  in  cancerous  affections,  in  the  dose  of 
one-sixteenth  of  a  grain. 

Arseniate  of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sium, 
Proto-arsen'iate  of  Potas'sium,  Arsen'iate  of  Po- 
tassa,  Arsen'ias  PotasscB  seu  Kali,  (F.)  Arseniate 
de  Potasse,  Sel  arsenical  de  Macquer.  Proper- 
ties the  same  as  those  of  arsenious  acid. 

Arseniate  of  Q01NIA,  Quinice  Arsenias. 

Arsen'iate  op  Soda,  Sodce  arsen'ias,  (P.)  Ar- 
seniate de  Sonde.  Made,  according  to  the  Codex 
of  Paris,  by  mixing  and  heating  to  redness  arse- 
7iious  acid  and  nitrate  of  soda;  dissolving  the 
salt  in  water;  adding  carbonate  of  soda  until 
there  is  an  alcaline  reaction;  filtering,  evapora- 
ting, and  crystallizing.  It  is  the  basis  of  Pear- 
son's Solution,  which  is  formed  of  one  grain  of  the 
crystallized  arseniate  to  one  fluidounce  of  distilled 
water.  Dose,  gtt.  xx.  Seinecke's  Solution  con- 
sists of  the  arseniate,  gr.  vj  ;  j^eppermint  water, 
f  5iiss  ;  wi7ie  of  cinnamon,  { ^ss ;  loAidanum,  f  ^^. 
Dose,  forty  to  fifty  drops. 

ARSENIA  TE  DE  SO  UBE,  Arseniate  of  Soda. 
AR'SENIC,  Arsen'icum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)     A  solid 


metal ;  of  a  steel-gray  colour  ;  granular  texture  ; 
very  brittle;  volatilizing  before  melting;  very 
combustible  and  acidifiable.  It  is  not  dangerous 
of  itself,  and  only  becomes  so  by  virtue  of  the 
facility  with  which  it  absorbs  oxygen. 
ARSENIC  BLANC,  Arsenicum  album. 
Arsenic,  Iodide  of,  Arsen'ici  lo'didum  seu 
Teriod'idum  seu  lodure'tum,  Arsen'icum  loda'- 
tum,  Hydri'odas  arsen'ici,  formed  by  the  combi- 
nation of  arsenic  and  iodine.  This  preparation, 
applied  externally,  has  been  highly  extolled  in 
various  cutaneous  affections.  An  ointment  may 
be  made  of  three  grains  of  iodide  to  ,^j  of  lard. 
It  has  also  been  given  internally  in  the  dose  of  a 
tenth  of  a  grain  in  similar  affections.  It  is  ofiici- 
nal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  1851. 

Arsenic,  Oxide  of,  Arsenicum  album — a.  Ox- 
ide of.  White,  Arsenicum  album — a.  White,  Arse- 
nicum album. 

Arsenic  and  Mercury,  Iodede  of,  Hydrar'- 
gyri  et  Arsen'ici  lo'didum,  Double  I'odide  of 
Mer'eury  and  Ar'senic,  lodo-arsenite  of  Mer'cury. 
A  compound,  which  has  been  proposed  as  more 
efficacious  than  either  the  iodide  of  arsenic  or 
the  iodide  of  mercury.  It  is  made  by  tritura- 
ting 6'OS  grains  ot  arsenic;  14'S2  grains  of  mer- 
cury ;  49  of  iodine,  with  a  fluidrachm  of  alcoTiol, 
until  the  mass  has  become  dry,  and  from  being 
deep  brown  has  become  pale  red.  Eight  ounces 
of  distilled  water  are  poured  on,  and,  after  tritu- 
ration for  a  few  moments,  the  whole  is  trans- 
ferred to  a  flask;  half  a  drachm  of  hydriodic 
acid,  prepared  by  the  acidification  of  two  grains 
of  iodine,  is  added,  and  the  mixture  is  boiled  for 
a  few  moments.  When  the  solution  is  cold,  make 
the  mixture  up  to  f^viij  with  distilled  water. 
This  is  called  by  Mr.  Donovan,  the  proposer, 
Liquor  Arsen'ici  et  Hydrar'gyri  lo'didi,  each 
drachm  of  which,  by  measure,  consists  of  water, 
5J  ;  arsenious  acid,  gr.  1-Sth;  peroxide  of  mercury, 
gr.  l-4th ;  iodine,  converted  into  hydriodic  acid, 
gr.  3-4ths.  In  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
it  is  directed  to  be  made  of  Arsenici  lodidum 
and  Hydrargyri  lodidum  ruhrum,  each  gr.  xxxv; 
and  Aqua  destillata,  Oss;  dissolving  by  rubbing, 
heating  to  the  boiling  point,  and  filtering. 

The  dose  of  Donovan's  Solution  is  from  TTLx 
to  f  gss,  two  or  three  times  a  day. 

It  has  been  used  successfully  in  inveterate  cu- 
taneous diseases. 

ARSEN'ICAL,  Arsenica'lis,  (F.)  Arsenical. 
Relating,  or  appertaining  to,  or  containing,  ar- 
senic. 

Arsen'ical  Paste,  (F.)  Pate  Arsenicale. 
This  application  to  cancers  is  formed  of  70  parts 
of  cinnabar,  22  of  dragon's  blood,  and  8  of  arse- 
nious acid  ;  made  into  a  paste  with  saliva,  when 
about  to  be  applied. 

Arsenical  Powders  of  Frere  CQme,  and  op 
JuSTAMOND,  see  Powder,  Arsenical. 

Arsenical  Solution,  see  Arseniate  of  Soda, 
and  Liquor  Arsenicalis. 

ARSENICI  HYDRIODAS,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of 
— a.  lodidum,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of — a,  loduretum, 
Arsenic,  Iodide  of — a.  Teriodidum,  Arsenic,  Io- 
dide of. 

ARSENICISM'US,  Intoxica'tio  Arsenica'lis. 
Poisoning  by  arsenic. 

ARSENICUM,  Arsenic. 

Arsen'icum  Album,  White  Ar'senic,  Oxide 
of  Ar'senic,  Ratsbane,  Arsen'ici  ox'ydum  al- 
bum, Calx  Arsen'ici  alba,  Ac''idum  Arsenica' sinn 
seu  Arsenio' sum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Arsenious  acid.  White 
oxide  of  arsenic,  (P.)  Arsenic  blane.  An  acid 
which  is  met  with  in  commerce,  in  compact,  white, 
heavy,  fragile  masses;  of  a  vitreous  aspect,  opake, 
and  covered  with  a  white  dust ;  of  an  acrid  and 
nauseous  taste  ;  without  smell  when  cold  ;  vola- 
tilizable  by  heat,  and  exhaling  the  odour  of  gar- 


ARSENIS   POTASS^ 


93 


ARTi:RE 


lie ;  soluble  in  water,  alcohol,  and  oil ;  crystal- 
lizable  in  regular  octahedrons.  It  is  this  that  is 
meant  by  the  name  arsenic,  as  commonly  used. 

Arsen'icum  Album  Sublima'tum,  Sublimed 
O-cide  of  Arsenic,  is  the  one  employed  in  medi- 
cine. It  is  tonic  and  escharotic,  and  is  the  most 
virulent  of  mineral  poisons.  It  is  used  in  inter- 
mittents,  periodical  headachs,  neuroses,  &c.  Dose, 
gr.  one-tenth  to  one-eighth,  in  pill.  See  Poisons, 
Table  of. 

Arsenicum  Iodatum,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of — a. 
Rubrum  faetitium,  Realgar. 

ARSENIS  POTASSiE,  Arsenite  of  protoxide 
of  potassium — a.  Potassse  aquosus.  Liquor  arseni- 
calis — a.  Potassse  liquidus,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

AR'SENITE,  Ar'senis.  A  salt,  formed  by  a 
combination  of  the  arsenious  acid  with  a  salifi- 
able base. 

Ak'senite  of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sium,  Pro- 
tn-nr'senite  of  Potas'sitim,  Ar'aenite  of  Potassa, 
Ar'senis  Pofassce.  An  uncrystallizable  and  co- 
lourless salt,  which  forms  the  basis  of  the  liquor 
nrseniealis,  which  see. 

Arsenite  of  Quinia,  Quinias  arsenis. 

ARSE-SMART,  BITING,  Polygonum  hydro- 
piper. 

ART,  HEALING,  ^rs  Sanan'di,  3Iedici'na. 
The  appropriate  application  of  the  precepts  of 
the  best  physicians,  and  of  the  results  of  experi- 
ence to  the  treatment  of  disease. 

Art,  Veterinary,  Veterinary  art. 

AR'TABE,  aprajSij.  Name  of  a  Persian  mea- 
sure for  dry  substances,  in  use  with  the  ancients, 
equal  at  times,  to  5  modii:  at  others,  to  3;  and 
at  others,  again,  to  7. — Galen. 

ARTANTHE  ELONGATA,  see  Matico. 

AR'TELSHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  German  waters  have  been  much  recom- 
mended in  hysteria,  gout,  palsy,  &c.  Their 
physical  or  chemical  properties  have  not  been 
described. 

ARTEMIS'IA,  Anacti'rion.  Ord.  Compositae. 
Called  after  a  queen  of  the  name,  who  first  em- 
ployed it;  or  from  Aprspug,  'Diana;'  because  it 
was  formerly  used  in  diseases  of  women,  over 
whom  she  presided.  The  Gauls  called  it  Bricu- 
mum. 

Arteiiis'ia  Abrot'anum,  Abrot'anum,  Abrot'- 
owim,  Abrot'anum  Cathsum  seu  Mas,  Abrathan, 
Srintli'ernioood,  Oldman,  Slovemoood,  (F.)  A}>ro- 
toue,  Aurone,  Aurone  male,  Aurone  des  Jardins, 
Garderobe,  Citronelle.  Supposed  to  be  possessed 
of  stimulant  properties. 

Oil  of  Southernwood,  O'leum  Ahrot'ani,  (F.) 
Haile  d' Aurone,  possesses  the  aromatic  proper- 
ties of  the  plant. 

Artejiis'ia  Absin'thium,  Absin'thium,  A.  vtd- 
ga're,  Apsin'thium,  Barypi' eron.  Common  Worm- 
v:ood,  Wormit,  (F.)  Absinthe,  Properties  : — tonic 
and  anthelmintic.  The  Oil  of  Wormwood,  O'leum 
Absin'thii,  (F.)  Huile  d' Absinthe,  contains  the 
aromatic  virtues  of  the  plant. 

Artemisia  Afra,  a  South  African  species,  is 
tonic,  antispasmodic  and  anthelmintic;  and  has 
been  used  in  debility  of  the  stomach,  visceral  ob- 
structions, jaundice  and  hypochondriasis.  It  is 
taken  in  infusion,  decoction  and  tincture.  A 
strong  infusion  is  used  by  the  Cape  Colonists  as 
a  coUyrium  in  weakness  of  the  eyes;  and  the 
pounded  leaves  and  stalks  are  employed  as  dis- 
cutients  in  oedema  and  sugillations. 

Artemisia  Alba,  A.  Santonica — a.  Balsamita, 
A.  Pontiea. 

Artemisia  Biennis,  ^jenn/aZ  Wo7-mioood  ;  in- 
digenous. 

Artemisia  Boteys,  Chenopodium  ambrosi- 
Dides. 

Autemis'ia   Campes'tris.  Field  Southernwood, 


(F.)    Aurone    des    Champs.      This   possesses    the 
same  properties  as  A.  Abrot'anum. 

Artemisia  Canadensis,  Canada  Wormwood — 
a.  Caudata:  indigenous. 

Artemisia  Chenopodium,  Chenopodium  bo- 
trys. 

Artemisia  Chinen'sis,  A.  In'dica,  A.  iloxa. 
From  this  the  Chinese  form  their  moxas. 

Artemisia  Contra  grows  in  Persia,  Asia 
Minor,  and  other  parts  of  the  East. 

Artemisia  Dracun'culus,  Tar'agon,  (F.)  Ar- 
moise  estragon,  Estragon.  Virtues:  —  the  same 
as  the  last.  The  leaves  are  much  used  to  season 
food,  especially  in  the  form  of  Es'tragon  vin'egar. 

Artemis'ia  Glacia'lis,  Silky  Wormioood  ; 

Artemisia  Indica,  Artemisia  Chinensis,  A. 
Santonica; 

Artemisia  Juda'ica,  grows  in  Palestine,  Ara- 
bia, China,  Cochin  China,  and  Northern  Africa. 

Artemisia  Leptophylla,  A.  Pontiea; 

Artemisia  Maeit'ima,  Absin'thium  Mari'num 
seu  3Iarit'imum,  Sea  Wormwood,  llaritime  South- 
ernwood j- 

Artemisia  Moxa,  A.  Chinensis ; 
and 

Artemis'ia  Pon'tica,  A.  Roma'na  seu  Tenui- 
fo'lia  seu  Balsami'ta  seu  Leptophyl'la,  Absinthi- 
am  Pon'ticum  seu  Roma'num,  Roman  Wormwood, 
Lesser  Wormwood,  possess  like  virtues; — as  well 
as 

Artemisia  Romana,  A.  Pontiea; 

Artemisia  Rubra,  A.  Santonica;  and 

Artemis'ia  Rupes'tris,  Creeping  Wormwood, 
Gen'ijn  album,  (F.)  Armoise  blanc,  Genijii  blaiic. 
This  variety  has  aromatic  virtues,  and  is  used  in 
intermittents,  and  in  amenorrhoea. 

Artemis'ia  Santon'ica,  Santon'ieum,  Cnnni 
Herba,  Chammcedris,  Chammeyparis'sus,  Absin'- 
thium Santon'ieum,  Sevienti'na,  Xnntoli'na,  Sche- 
ba  Ar'abum,  Sina  seu  Cina  Levan'tica,  Tarta'rian 
South' ernwood,  (F.)  Barbotine.  From  this  and 
other  species  of  absinthium  is  obtained  the  so- 
called  Semen  contra  vermes  seu  Contra  seu  Zed,o- 
a'ricB  seu  Santon'ici  seu  Cina,  Hagiospierm' um. 
Sanctum  Semen,  Wormseed,  which  do  not  consist 
of  seeds,  but  of  broken  peduncles.  Virtues  :  — 
anthelmintic  and  stimulant.  Dose,  gr.  x.  to  gj 
in  powder.  Its  active  principle  is  San'tonin,  the 
dose  of  which  is  from  2  to  5  grains  in  the  day, 
for  a  child  six  or  eight  years  of  age. 

Artemisia  Tenuifolia,  A.  Pontiea. 

Artemis'ia  Vulga'ris,  Artemis'ia  rubra  et 
alba,  Cin'gultim  Saneti  Joan'nis,  Hater  Herba'- 
rum,  Berenisecum,  Bubastecor' dium,  Canapa'cia, 
Blugioort,  (F.)  Armoise  ordinaire,  A.  Commune, 
Herbe  de  Saint  Jean,  Ceinture  ou  Couronne  de 
Saint  Jean.  This,  as  well  as  some  other  varie- 
ties, possesses  the  general  tonic  virtues  of  the 
Artemisise.  Artemisia  vulgaris  has  been  highly 
extolled  by  the  Germans  in  cases  of  epilepsy. 
Dose  of  the  powder,  in  the  24  hours,  from  ^ss  to 

ARTERE,  Artery— o.  Brachiale,  Brachial  ar- 
tery— a.  Brachio-cephaliqve,  Innominata  arteria 
— a.  Bronchique,  Bronchial  artery — a.  Ciliaire, 
Ciliary  artery  —  a.  CUtorienne  :  see  Clitoris  —  a. 
C(Ecale :  see  Colic  arteries  —  a.  Collaterale  du 
coude,  Anastomoticus  magnus  ramus — a.  Collate- 
rale externe,  Arteria  profunda  humeri — a.  Colla- 
terale interne,  Anastomoticus  magnus  ramus — a. 
Curonaire  des  levres,  Labial  artery — a.  Coronaire 
Stomachique,  Coronary  artery — a.  Crurale,  Crural 
artery — a.  Deuxieme  des  thoraciques,  Arteria  tho- 
racica  externa  inferior — a.  Epineuse,  Meningeal 
artery,middle — n.i^e/no?*o-p(>p?(Vee,Ischiatic  artery 
— a.  Fessiere,  Gluteal  artery — a.  Gastrique  droite, 
petite,  Pyloric  artery  —  a.  Gutturo-maxillaire, 
Maxillary  artery,  internal — a.  Honteuse  externe, 
Pudic,  external,  artery — a.  Honteuse  interne,  Pu- 


ARTERIA 


94 


ARTERITIS 


die,  internal,  artery — a.  Humerale  profonde,  At- 
teria  profunda  humeri — a.  Iliaque  primitive,  Iliac 
artery  —  a.  Innominee,  Innominata  arteria  —  a. 
Irienne,  Ciliary  artery  —  a.  Isekio-penienne  :  see 
Pudic,  internal,  artery  —  a.  ilediane  anterieure, 
Spinal  artery,  anterior  —  a.  Medicine  posterieure 
du  rachis,  Spinal  artery,  posterior — a.  Meningee 
moyenne,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  JJening- 
ienne posterieure,  Prevertebral  artery — a.Menton- 
viere,  Mental  foramen — or.  Mesocephalique,  Basi- 
lary  artery  —  a.  Ifesocolique  :  see  Colic  artery  — 
a.  JIuicidaire  du  bras,  Arteria  profunda  humeri 
— a.  Masculaire  du  bras,  grande :  see  Collateral 
arteries  of  the  arm — a.  Musculaire  grande  de  la 
cuisse,  Arteria  profunda  femoris — a.  Opisthogas- 
trique,  Cceliac  artery  —  a.  Orbitaire,  Ophthalmic 
artery  —  a.  de  I'Ovaire,  Spermatic  artery  —  a. 
Pelm-crurale,  Crural  artery  —  a.  Pelvi-erurale, 
Iliac  artery — a.  Pelvienne,  Hypogastric  artery — 
a.  Premiere  dea  thoraciques,  Arteria  thoraciea 
externa  superior  —  a.  Prevert^brale,  Preverte- 
bral artery  —  a.  Radio-carpienne  transversals 
pnlmaire,  Fiadio-carpal  artery — a.  Scrotale,  Pu- 
dic, external,  artery  —  a.  Sous-claviere,  Subcla- 
vian artery  —  a.  Sous-piibio-femorale,  Obturator 
artery — a.  Sous-pubienne,  Pudic,  internal,  artery 
— a.  Sons-sternal,  Mammary,  internal— ^a.  Sphe- 
tto-epineuse,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Stomo- 
gastrique,  Coronary  artery  —  a.  Sus-carpienne  : 
see  Sus-carpien  —  a.  Sus-maxillaire,  Alveolar 
artery  —  a.  Sus-maxillaire,  Buccal  artery  —  n. 
Siis-metatarsienne,  Metatarsal  artery  —  a.  Sus- 
pubienne,  Epigastric  artery  —  a.  Testiculaire, 
Spermatic  artery — a  Thoracique  humerale,  Acro- 
mial artery  —  a.  Trachelocervical :  see  Cerebral 
arteries  —  a.  Trochanterienne,  Circumflex  artery 
of  the  thigh — a.  Troisihne  des  thoraciques.  Acro- 
mial artery  —  a.  Tympanique,  Auditory  artery, 
external — a.  Uveale  :  see  Ciliary  artery — a.  Vid- 
vaire,  Pudic,  external,  artery. 

ARTEPtlA,  Artery — a.  Ad  Cutem  Abdominis, 
see  Ad  Cutem  abdominis,  (arteria) — a.  Anonyma, 
Innominata  artery — a.  Aspera,  Trachea — a.  Ce- 
rebralis,  Carotid,  internal — a.  Cervicalis,  Basilary 
artery  —  a.  Coronaria  dextra,  Pyloric  artery  —  a. 
Crassa,  Aorta  —  a.  Cruralis,  Crural  artery  —  a. 
Externa  Cubiti,  Radial  artery — a.  Dorsalis  meta- 
carpi.  Metacarpal  artery — a.  Durae  matris  media 
maxima,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Encepha- 
liea.  Carotid,  internal  —  a.  Gastrica  superior. 
Coronary  artery — a.  Ileo-colica  :  see  Colic  arteries 
— a.  Iliaca  interna,  Hypogastric  artery — a.  Iliaoa 
posterior,  Hypogastric  artery  —  a.  Magna,  Aorta 
— a.  Magna  pollicis,  Princeps  pollicis — a.  Malleo- 
laris  externa  :  see  Tibial  arteries — a.  Malleolaris 
interna:  see  Tibial  arteries  —  a.  Mammaria  ex- 
terna, A.  Thoraciea  externa  inferior — a.  Maxima, 
Aorta — a.  Media  anastomotica  :  see  Colic  arteries 
— a.  Meningsea  media.  Meningeal  artery,  middle 

—  a.  Muscularis  femoris,  A.  Profunda  femoris  — 
a.  Pharyngea  suprema,  Pterygoid  artery — a.  Pro- 
funda cerebri :  see  Cerebral  arteries — a.  Pudenda 
communis,  Pudic,  internal,  artery  —  a.  Pudica, 
Pudic,  internal,  artery  —  a.  Ramulus  ductus 
Pterygoidei,  Pterygoid  artery  —  a.  Spheno-spi- 
nosa,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Spinales,  Spi- 
nal arteries  —  a.  Spinalis,  A.  Profunda  humeri  — 
a.  Sternalis,  Mammary,  internal — a.  Supra-orbi- 
talis.  Frontal  artery — a.  Sylviana:  see  Cerebral 
arteries — a.  Thoraciea  axillaris  vel  alaris.  Scapu- 
lar artery,  inferior  —  a.  Thoraciea  humeralis, 
Acromial  artery  —  a.  Transversalis  colli :  see 
Cerebral  arteries — a.  Transversalis  humeri,  Sca- 
pular artery,  superior — a.  Ulnaris,  Cubital  artery 

—  a.  Uterina  hypogastrica.  Uterine  artery  —  a. 
Vasta  posterior,  A.  Profunda  femoris. 

ARTE'RIAC,  Arteri'acus.  A  medicine  pre- 
scribed in  diseases  of  the  windpipe.  Also  arte- 
rial. 


ARTE'RI^  ADIPO'SiE.  The  arteries  which 
secrete  the  fat  about  the  kidneys  are  sometimes 
so  called.  They  are  ramifications  of  the  capsular, 
diaphragmatic,  renal,  and  spermatic  arteries. 

ArterIvE  ApoPLECTiCyE,  Carotids — a.  Capitales, 
Carotids — a.  Ciliares,  Ciliary  arteries — a.  Corporis 
callosi  cerebri,  Mesolobar  arteries — a.  Jugulares, 
Carotids — a.  Lethargicae,  Carotids — a.  Mesolobi- 
086,  Mesolobar  arteries  —  a.  Prseparantes,  Sper- 
matic arteries — a.  Somniferse,  Carotids — a.  Sopo- 
rales,  Carotids  —  a.  Soporarise,  Carotids  —  a.  Ve- 
nosEe,  Pulmonary  veins. 

ARTE'RIAL,  Arteri'acus,  Arterio'sus.  Be- 
longing to  arteries. 

Arterial  Blood,  (F.)  Sang  arteriel.  Red 
blood  is  so  called  because  contained  in  the  arte- 
ries. The  pulmonary  veins,  however,  also  con- 
tain red  blood  :  hence  the  name  arterial  veins, 
(F.)  Veines  arterielles,  applied  to  them. 
Arterial  Constitution,  Plethora  arteriosa. 
Arte'rial  Duct,  Cana'lis  arterio'sus,  Ductus 
arterio'sus  seu  Botal'lii,  (F.)  Canal  arteriel,  C. 
Pulmo-aortique,  is  the  portion  of  the  pulmonary 
artery  which  terminates  in  the  aorta  in  the  foetus. 
When  this  duct  is  obliterated  after  birth,  it  is 
called  Arte'rial  Lig'ament,  Lig amen' turn  arterio'- 
sum,  (F.)  Ligament  arteriel. 

Arterial  System  includes  all  the  arteries, 
from  their  origin  in  the  heart  to  their  termina- 
tion in  the  organs.     See  Vascular  System. 

ARTERIALIZATION  OF  THE  BLOOD, 
Hsematosis. 

ARTERIARGTIE,  from  aprrjpta,  'artery,'  and 
arcto,  'i  straiten.'     Contraction  of  an  artery. 
ARTERIECTASIS,  Aneurism. 
ARTERIECTOP'IA,   from    aprnpia,   'artery,' 
and   sKToTTOi,  '  out  of  place.'     Dislocation  of  an 
artery. 
ARTERIEURYSMA,  Aneurism. 
ARTERIITIS,  Arteritis. 
ARTERIODIALYSIS,  see  Aneurism. 
ARTERIOG'RAPHY,  Arteriogra'pihia :  from 
aprrjpia,  'artery,'  and  ypaipr/,  'a  description.'     A 
description  of  the  arteries. 
ARTERIOLA.     A  small  artery. 
ARTERIOL'OGY,  Arteriolog" ia ;  from    aprn- 
pia, 'artery,'  and  \oyos,  'a  discourse.'    A  treatise 
on  the  arteries. 

ARTERIO-PHLEEOTOMY,  see  Bloodletting. 
ARTE'RIO-PITU'ITOUS.      An    epithet    ap- 
plied to  vessels  which  creep  along  the  interior  of 
the  nostrils. — Ruysch. 

ARTERIORRHEXIS,  see  Aneurism. 
ARTERIOS'ITAS,  Arterios' ity ,  from  arteria, 
'an  artery.'     A  condition  of  the  blood  in  which 
it  preserves  in  the  veins  the  arterial  character. — 
The  opposite  to  Venositas. 

Arteriositas  Sanguinis,  Preedominium  san- 
guinis arteriosi. 

ARTERIOSTEIE,  irom  ap^pia,  'artery,' and 
ouTcov,  'a  bone.'  Ossification  of  an  artery. — 
Piorry. 

ARTERIOSTENO'SIS,  from  aprnpia,  'artery,' 
and  GTivos,  'contracted.'  Contraction  or  oblite- 
ration of  an  artery. 

.  AUTEUIOT'OMY,  Arteriotom'ia,  from  aprripia, 
'an  artery,'  and  rt^vw,  'I  cut.'  This  word  has 
been  used  for  the  dissection  of  arteries.  Most 
commonly,  however,  it  means  a  surgical  opera- 
tion, which  consists  in  opening  an  artery,  to 
draw  blood  from  it.  Arteriotomy  is  chiefly  used 
in  inflammatory  aflFectioBS  of  the  head,  when  the 
blood  is  generally  obtained  from  the  temporal 
artery.     See  Bloodletting. 

ARTERI'TIS,  Arterii'tis,  Inflamma'tio  Arte- 
ria'rum,  (F.)  Arterite,  Inflammation  des  arteres /. 
from  aprrjpia,  'an  artery,'  and  itis,  a  termination 
denoting  inflammation.     Inflammation  of  an  ar- 


ARTERY 


95 


ARTERY 


tery.  Inflammation  of  the  inner  coat  of  an 
artery  is  termed  Endo-arteri'tis,  or  Endonar- 
teri'tis ;  of  the  outer,  Exo-arteri'tis  or  Exar- 
teri'tis. 

AR'TERT,  Arte'ria,  (F.)  Artere,  from  anp, 
'air,'  and  rnpc-tv,  'to  preserve/  quasi,  'receptacle 
of  air,'  because  the  ancients  believed  that  it  con- 
tained air.  They,  at  first,  gave  the  name  Artery 
to  the  trachea,  aprtjpia  rpa^^ia,  because  it  is  filled 
with  air ;  and  afterwards  they  used  the  same 
term  for  the  arteries,  properly  so  called,  probably 
because  they  commonly  found  them  empty  in  the 
dead  body.  We  find,  also,  (pXcjit;  to  designate 
the  arteries,  called  by  the  Latins  VencB  miean'tes 
}}idsat'iles.  Arteries,  with  the  moderns,  signify 
the  order  of  vessels,  which  arise  from  the  two 
ventricles  of  the  heart,  and  have  valves  only  at 
their  origin.  They  are  cylindrical,  firm,  and 
elastic  canals  ;  of  a  yellowish  white  colour;  little 
dilatable  ;  easily  lacerable  ;  and  formed,  1.  Of  an 
external,  laminated,  or  areolar  membrane,  Tu'- 
iiica  externa  seu  adventWia  seu  cellula'ris,  Va- 
gina cellula'ris,  of  a  dense  and  close  character. 
2.  Of  a  middle  coat,  Tu'nica  me'dia  seu  elas'- 
tica,  composed  of  fibres,  which  do  not,  however, 
contract  on  the  application  of  the  galvanic  stimu- 
lus, formed  chiefly  of  elastic  tissue,  and  also  of 
smooth  muscular  fibres,  and  eminently  elastic; 
and,  3.  Of  an  inner  coat,  Tu'nica  in'tima  seu 
(/labra,  which  is  thin,  diaphanous,  reddish,  and 
polished. 

The  use  of  the  arteries  is  to  carry  the  blood 
from  the  heart  to  the  various  parts  of  the  system. 
It  will  be  obvious,  however,  that  they  cannot  all 
convey  arterial  blood.  The  pulmonary  artery, 
for  example,  is  destined  to  convey  the  venous 
blood  to  the  lungs,  there  to  be  converted  into 
arterial;  whilst  the  pulmonary  veins  convey 
arterial  blood  back  to  the  heart. 

TABLE  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  ARTERIES  OP  THE  BODY. 

All  the  arteries  take  their  rise  from  the  Pul- 
monary Artery,  or  the  Aorta;  and  the  names 
generally  indicate  the  parts  to  which  they  are 
distributed. 

1.  Arteria  Pulmonalis. 

The  Pulmonary  Artery  arises  from  the  right 
ventricle,  and  soon  divides  into  a  right  and  left 
branch,  one  of  which  is  distributed  to  each  lung. 

II.  Arteria  Aorta. 
The  Aorta  arises  from  the  left  ventricle.     It  is 
the  common  trunk  of  the  arteries  of  the  body, 
and  may  be  divided  into  five  portions. 

a.  Arteries  furnished  hy  the  Aorta  at  its  origin. 

1.  A.  Cardiaca  ftr  coronaria  anterior. 

2.  A.  Cardiaca  or  coronaria  posterior. 

b.  Arteries  furnished  hy  the  Aorta  at  its  arch. ,~ 

The  arch  of  the  Aorta  gives  ofi",  to  the  left,  two 
considerable  trunks — the  Arteria  carotidea  pri- 
mitiva,  and  A.  subclavia;  and,  to  the  right,  a 
single  trunk,  which  is  larger — the  A.  innominata, 
or  Brachio-cephaliea,  which  divides  into  the  pri- 
rnitive  carotid  and  subclavian. 

A.  Arteria  Caro- f  Divides  into  A.  Carotidea  externa, 
liDEA  PRiMiTivA.  t     and  A.  Carotidea  interna. 
'  Furnishes,  1.  A.  Thyroidea  superior. 

2.  A.  lingualis,  which  gives  ofi  the  A.  dor- 
salis  linguae  and  A.  sublingualis. 

3.  A.  facialis  vel  A.  MaxiUaris  externa, 
which  furnishes  the  A.  palatina  infe- 
rior, the  A.  submentalis,  and  A.  coro- 
naria superior  and  inferior. 

4.  A.  occipitalis,  which  gives  off  the  A. 
mastoidea  posterior. 

5.  A.  auricularis  posterior,  which  gives  off 
A.  stylo-mastoidea. 

6.  A.  pharyngea  inferior. 


a.  A.  Ca- 
rotidea 
externa. 


rails. 


2.  A 

Maxilla- 
ris  in- 
terna. 


b.  A.  Ca- 
rotidea 
Interna. 


The  external  carotid  ultimately  divides  into  the  tem- 
poral artery  and  internal  maxillary. 

m   ■       ■  J  Furnishes  A.  transversalis  faciei,  A.  auricu- 
-  - "        j     laris  anten-ior,  and  A.  temporalis  media. 

'  Furnishes    13    branches,  viz. — A.  meningea 
media,  A.  dentaris  inferior,  A.  temporcdig 
prnfunda   p)osterior,    A.   masseterina,    A. 
pteryijoidea,  A.  buccalis,  A.  temporalis  prro- 
funda,  anterior,   A.  alveolaris,    A.  suhorhi- 
taris,  A.  vidiana.,  A.  pterygopaloiina   or 
pharyngea  superior,  A.  palatina  superior, 
and  A.  splienopalatina. 
f  Furnishes,  1.   A.   ophthalmica,   ■which   gives 
off  A.  lacrymalis,  A.  centralis  retinse,  A. 
supraorbitaria  vel  supereiliaris,  A.  ciliares 
posteriores,  A.   ciliares   lougse,  A.  niuscu- 
laris   superior  et  inferior,  A.  ethmoidalis 
posterior  et  anterior,  A.  palpebralis  supe- 
rior et  inferior,  A.  nasalis,  and  A.  fronta- 
lis.    2    A.    communicans    Willesii.     3.  A. 
choroidea.    4.  A.  cerebralis  anterior.    5.  A. 
cerebralis  media. 
'  Furnishes,  1.  A.  vertebralis,  which  gives  off 
A.  spinalis   anterior  et  posterior,  A.  cere- 
bellosa  inferior,  and  forms — by  uniting  it- 
self with  that  of  the  opposite  side — the  A. 
basilaris,  divided  into  A.   cerebellosa  su- 
perior and  A.  cerebralis  posterior.    2.  A 
B.  AEt         thyroidea  inferior,  which  gives  off  A.  cer- 
TERIA    j      vicalis  ascendens.      3.   A.   mammaria  in- 
SuBCLA-    j     terna,  which   gives  off  the  A.  mediastina 
via.  anterior  and  A.  diaphragmatica  superior. 

4.  A.  intercostalis  superior.    5.  A.  cervico/- 
lis  transversa.    6.  A.  scapularis  superior. 
7.    A.    cervicalis  posterior   vel  profunda. 
Farther  on,  the  subclavian  artery  conti- 
tinues  its  progress  under  the  name  A.  axil- 
laris. 
Furnishes,  1.  A.  acromialis.    2.  A.  thoracica 
superior.    3.  A.  thoracica  inferior  vel  longa 
vel  mammaria  externa,    i.  A.  scapularis 
inferior  vel  communis.    5.  A.  circumflexa 
posterior.    6.  A.  circumflexa  anterior.    Far- 
ther on,  the  axillary  artery  continues  un- 
,     der  the  name  A.  brachialis. 
'  Furnishes  A.  humeralis  profunda  vel  collate- 
ralis    externa..    2.   A.    collateralis    interna. 
It  afterwards  divides  into  the  radial  and 
cubital  arteries, 
f  Gives  off  A.  recurrens  radialis,  A.  dorsalis 
l.A.Ea-)     carpi,   A.  dorsalis   metacarpi,  A.  dorsalis 
dialis.    1     pollicis,  and    terminates  in  forming    the 
Arcus  pahnaris  profundus. 
'Gives  off  A.  recurrens  cuintalis  anterior  and 
posterior:   A.  interossea  anterior  and  jjos- 
2.  A.  Cur  \      terior,  which  latter  furnishes  A.  recurrens 
bitalis.  '      radialis  posterior.    It  terminates  in  form- 
ing  the    superficial    palmar  arch,  which 
gives  off  A.  collaterales  digitorum. 

c.  Arteries  given  off  hy  the  Aorta  in  the  Thorax, 

1.  A.  Bronchica,  dextra  el  sinistra. 

2.  A.  cesophagaa  (to  the  number  of  four, 
five,  or  six). 

3.  A.  mediastince  posteriores. 

4.  A.    intercostales   inferiores   vel    aoriiccs 
(to  the  number  of  eight,  nine,  or  ten). 


A.  Axil- 
laris. 


A.  Bra- 
chialis. 


Tliese 
arteries  ■ 
are. 


d.  Arteries  furnished  hy  the  Aorta  in  the  Abdomen. 

,         ,     \     1.   The    A.  diaphragmatica  vel  phrenwa, 
orancnesK  dextra  el  sinistra. 

are,     (. 

I  Which  divides  into  three  branches,  1.  A.  co- 
ronaria ventriculi.    2.  A.  Sepatica,  which 
gives  off  A,   pylorica,   A.  gastro-epiploica 
dextra,  and  A.  cystica;  and,  lastly,  the  A. 
splenica,  which  gives  off  A.  gastro-epiplo- 
ica sinistra  and  Vasa  brevia. 
3.  A      ("Which  gives  off  at  its  concavity  the  A.  co- 
Ifesen-  J      lica,  dextra  superior,  niedia  et  inferior,  and 
terica    1      at  its  convex  part  from  15  to  20  Rami  in- 
superior.  (_     testinales. 


w-'  Which  gives  off   A.  colica  superior  media, 

terica    '      ^^'^  inferior,  and  divides  into  A.  hsemor- 


Mesenr 
inferior.  [     rhoidales  superiores. 

5.  The  A.  Capsulares  medim  (to  the  number  of  two  on 

each  side). 

6.  A.  Renales  vel  Emidgentes. 

7.  A.  Spermo.ticcB. 

8.  A.  Lumhares  (to  the  number  of  four  and  five  on 

each  side). 


ARTETISCUS 


96 


ARTHEOLOGY 


e.  Arteries  resulting  from,  the  Bifurcation  of  the 
Aorta. 


Tca  ( 


Divides  into  A.  JMaca  interna  and  A.  lliaca 
externa. 


a.  A.  ll- 
iaca in- 
terna. 


b.  A.  ll- 
iaca ex- 
terna. 


A.  Cru- 
ralis. 


A.  Pop- 
litsea. 


2.  A.  Ti- 
bialis 
postica 


The  Aorta,  a  little  above  its  Bifurcation,  gives  "off 
the  A.  sacra  media,  and  divides  into  A.  iliaccR  primi- 
tivce 

A.  lliaca 

jn-imi- 

tiva. 

Furnishes,  1.  A.  ilio-lumharis.  2.  A.  sacra 
lateralis.  3.  A  glutea  vel  iliaca  posterior. 
4.  A.  utnbilicalis.  5.  A.  vesicalis.  6.  A. 
ohturatoria.  7.  A.  hcemorrhoidea  mtdia. 
8.  A.  uterina.  9.  A.  vaginalis.  10.  A. 
ischiatica.  11.  A.  pudeiula  interna,  \7hich 
gives  off  the  A.  kemorrhoidales  inferiores. 
A.  of  the  septum,  A.  transversa  perinei, 
A.  corporis  cavernosi,  and  A.  dorsalis  penis. 
'  Furnishes,  1.  A.  epigastrica,  2.  A.  iliaca  an- 
terior vel  circumflexa  ilii,  and  is  continued 
afterwards  under  the  name  of  Crural  Ar- 
tery. 
(Furnishes,  1.  A.  subcutanea  abdominalis.  2. 
I  A.  pudenda  superficialis  and  profunda.  3. 
A.  muscidaris  superficialis.  4.  A.  muscu- 
I  laris  profunda,  which  gives  off  the  A.  cir- 
\  cumflexa  externa  and  interna,  and  the 
three  Perforantes,  distinsuishea  into  su- 
perior, middle,  and  inferior.  Farther  on, 
the  crural  artery  continues  under  the  name 
A.  Pojilitcea. 
"Furnishes,  1.  A.  Articulares  superiores,  in- 
terna, media,  et  externa.  2.  A.  Gamellce. 
3.  A.  Articulares  inferiores,  interna  et  ex- 
terna. 4.  A  tibialis  antica,  which,  at  the 
foot,  takes  the  name  A.  dorsalis  tarsi,  and 
gives  off  the  tarsal  and  metatarsal  arte- 
ries. In  the  leg,  the  popliteal  artery  di- 
vides into  the  peroneal  and  posterior 
tibial. 

1.  A.  Pe-  i' Divides  into  A. per oruea  antica  and  A. peron<ea 
ronaea.   }     postica. 

("Divides  into  A.  plantaris  interna  and  A. 
plantaris  externa.  The  latter,  by  anasto- 
mosing with  the  A.  dorsalis  tarsi,  forms 
the  plantar  arch,  whence  arise  Rami  su- 
periores vel  pe.rforante^s  postici,  R.  Inferi- 
ores postici  et  antici,  which  give  off  Rami 
[_     perforantes  antici. 

Artery,  Ajjgular,  Facial  artery — a.  Articu- 
lar, Circumflex  artery— a.  Brachiocephalic,  Inno- 
rainata  arteria — a.  Central  of  the  retina,  Central 
artery  of  the  retina — a.  Central  of  Zinn,  Central 
artery  of  the  retina  —  a.  Cephalic,  Carotid  —  a. 
Cerebral  posterior,  Vertebral — a.  Cervico-scapu- 
lar,  see  Cervical  arteries — a.  Coronary  of  the  lips, 
Labial  artery — a.  Crotaphite,  Temporal  artery — 
a.  Fibular,  Peroneal  artery  —  a.  Gastric  inferior, 
Gastro-epiploic  artery  —  a.  Gastro-hepatic,  see 
Gastro- epiploic  artery — a.  Genital,  Pudic  (inter- 
nal) artery^a.  Guttural  inferior,  Thyroideal  A. 
inferior — a.  Guttural  superior,  Thyroideal  A.  su- 
perior— a.  Humeral,  Brachial  artery — a.  Iliac 
posterior.  Gluteal  artery — a.  Iliaco-muscular, 
Deo-lumbar  artery — a.  Labial,  Facial  artery — a. 
Laryngeal  superior,  Thyroideal  artery,  superior 
— a.  Maxillary  internal.  Facial  artery — a.  Median 
of  the  sacrum,  Sacral  artery,  anterior — a.  Nasal, 
lateral,  large,  Spheno-palatine  artery — a.  Palato- 
labial,  Facial  artery  —  a.  Periccphalic,  Carotid 
(external) — a.  Pharyngeal,  superior,  Pterygo- 
palatine artery — a.  Phrenic,  Diaphragmatic  ar- 
tery— a.  Posterior,  of  the  brain,  sge  Cerebral  ar- 
teries— a.  External  scapular.  Acromial  artery — 
a.  Spinal,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Subcla- 
vian right,  Innominata  arteria — a.  Subscapular, 
Scapular  artery,  inferior — a.  Superficial  of  the 
abdomen.  Ad  cutem  abdominis  (arteria) — a.  Su- 
pramaxillary,  Alveolar  artery  — a.  Suprarenal, 
Capsular  artery — a.  Thoracic,  internal.  Mammary 
internal — a.  Urethro-bulbar,  Transverse  perineal 
artery  —  a.  Vesieo-prostatic,  Vesical  artery  —  a. 
Vidian,  Pterygoid  artery. 

ARTETIS'CUS,  from  artus,  'a  limb.'  One  who 
has  lost  a  litnb. 

ARTEURYSMA,  Aneurism. 

ARTHANI'TA,  from  apros,  'bread,-'  the  Ci/c'- 


lamen  or  Sowbread.  It  was  formerly  made  into 
ointment,  Unguen'tum  Artliani'tcs,  with  many 
other  substances,  and  was  employed  as  a  purga- 
tive, being  rubbed  on  the  abdomen. 

Aeth ANITA  Cyclamen,  Cyclamen. 

ARTHETICA,  Teucrium  chamEepitys. 

ARTHRAGRA,  Gout— a.  Anomala,  Gout,  an- 
omalous— a.  Genuina,  Gout,  regular — a.  Legiti- 
ma.  Gout,  regular — a.  Normalis,  Gout,  regular — 
a.  Vera,  Gout,  regular. 

ARTHRALGIA,  Arthrodynia,  Gout.  See  Lead 
rheumatism. 

ARTHRELGO'SIS,  from  ap^pov,  'a  joint,'  and 
'tXxwaig,  'ulceration.'     Ulceration  of  a  joint. 

ARTHREMBOLE'SIS,  same  etymon  as  the 
next.     The  reduction  of  a  fracture  or  luxation. 

ARTHREM'BOLUS,  from  apV.  'a  joint,' 
cv,  'in,'  and  fiaWw,  'I  cast.'  An  ancient  instru- 
ment used  in  the  reduction  of  dislocations. 

ARTHRETICA,  Teucrium  chamajpitys. 

AJiTliJilT'IC,  Arthrit'icus,  Gouty,  from  ap^pov, 
'a  joint.'  {¥.)  Arthritique,  Goutteux.  That  which 
relates  to  gout  or  arthritis,  as  arthritic  symptoms, 
&c.     See  Podagric. 

ARTHRITICUS  VERUS,  Gout. 

ARTHRITIF'UGUM,  from  arthritis,  'gout,' 
and  fugare,  'to  drive  away.'  A  remedy  that 
drives  away  gout.  Heyden  terms  cold  water, 
internally,  the  arthritif  ugum  magnum. 

ARTHRITIS,  Gout,  Arthrophlogosis,  Arthro- 
sia — a.  Aberrans,  Gout  (wandering) — a.  Acuta, 
Gout  (regular) — a.  Arthrodynia,  Rheumatism, 
chronic — a.  Asthenica,  Gout  (atonic) — a.  Atonic, 
Gout  (atonic) — a.  Diaphragmatica,  Angina  Pec- 
toris— a.  Erratica,  Gout  (wandering) — a.  Hydrar- 
thros,  Hydrarthrus — a.  Inflammatoria,  Gout  (re- 
gular) — a.  Juvenilis,  see  Rheumatism,  acute — a. 
Masillaris,  Siagonagra^a.  Nodosa,  Gout  (with 
nodosities) — a.  Planetica,  Gout  (wandering)— a. 
Podagra,  Gout — a.  Rheumatica,  see  Rheumatism, 
acute — a.  Rheumatismus,  Rheumatism,  acute — 
a.  Retrograda,  Gout  (retrograde). 

ARTHROC'ACE,  from  ap^pov,  'a.  joint,'  and 
KaKog,  'bad.'  Disease  of  the  joints;  and  espe- 
cially caries  of  the  articular  surfaces.  Spina 
ventosa. 

Arthrocace  Cosarum,  Coxarum  morbus. 

ARTHROCACOLOG"IA,  from  arthrocacia— 
according  to  Rust,  a  chronic  disease  of  the  joints; 
and  Aoyoj,  'a  description.'  A  treatise  on  chronic 
diseases  of  the  joints. 

ARTHROCARCINO'MA,  from  ap^pov,  'a 
'joint,'  and  KapKiviop-a,  'cancer.'  Cancer  of  the 
joints. 

ARTHROCHO]SrDRrTIS,froma/[)5poi', 'a 
joint,'  ■xpy^poi,  'a  cartilage,'  and  itis,  denoting 
infiammatron.  Inflammation  of  the  cartilages 
and  joints. 

ARTHRO'DIA,  from  ap^pov,  'a  joint.'  Adar- 
ticula'tio,  (F.)  Enfongure,  JEnfonceure.  A  move- 
able joint,  formed  by  the  head  of  a  bone  applied 
to  the  surface  of  a  shallow  socket,  so  that  it  can 
execute  movements  in  every  direction.  Arthro'- 
dium  is  '  a  small  joint;'  diminutive  of  Arthrodia. 

ARTHRODYN'IA,  Arthronal'gia,  Arthral'gia, 
from  ap^pov,  'a  joint,'  and  ohwrj,  'pain.'  Articu- 
lar pain.  Pain  in  the  joints.  See  Rheumatism, 
chronic. 

Arthrodynia  Podagrica,  Gout. 

ARTHROG'RAPHY,  Arthrograph'ia,  from 
apSpov,  'a  joint,'  and  ypa(poi,  'I  write.'  A  de- 
scription of  the  joints. 

ARTHROGRYPOSIS,  from  apSpov,  'a  joint,' 
and  ypv-ou),  'I  incurvate.'  Malposition  of  the 
joints,  especiallv  of  the  hands  and  feet. 

ARTHROHYDRINE,  Synovia. 

ARTHROL'OGY,  Arthrolog" ia,  from  ap^pov, 
'a  joint,'  and  "Koyog,  'a  description.'  A  descrip- 
tion of  the  joints.     The  anatomy  of  the  joints. 


ARTHROMBOLE 


97 


ARTIFICIAL 


ARTHROMBOLE,  from  ap&pov,  and  jSaXXw, 
'  I  cast.'  Coaptation,  reduction.  Reduction  of 
a  luxated  or  fractured  bone. 

ARTHROMENINGITIS,  Meningarthroeaee. 
ARTHRON,  'a  joint.'     The  ancients  used  tbe 
word  ArthroH  for  the  articulation  of  bones  with 
motion,  in  opposition  to  Symphjsh,  or  articula- 
tion without  motion. 

ARTHRONALGIA,  Arthrodynia. 
ARTHRON'CUS,  Artkrophy'ma,  from  ap^pov, 
•a  joint,'  and  oyKog,  'a  swelling.'     Tumefaction 
of  a  joint. 
ARTHROXEMPYESIS,  Arthropyosis. 
ARTHROPATHY,  Ai-thropathi'a,  from  ap^pov, 
'a  joint,'  and  naS-os,  'affection.'    A  disease  of  the 
joints. 

ARTHROPHLOGO'SIS,  from  ap&pov,  'a  joint,' 
and  (p'Xs.yo),  'I  burn:'  Arthri'tis,  Ostarthro'sis. 
Inflammation  of  the  joints. 

ARTHROPHLOGOSIS  SYNOVIALIS,  Syno- 
vitis. 

ARTHROPHYMA  ADENOCHONDRIUM, 
see  Adenoehondrius. 

ARTHROPYd'SIS,  Arthronempye'sis,  from 
ap^pov,  'a  joint,'  and  -kvov,  'pus.'  Suppuration 
or  abscess  of  the  joints. 

ARTHRO-RHEUMATISMUS,  Rheumatism 
(acute). 

ARTHRO'SIA,  from  ap^pout,  '1  articulate.' 
Arthritis,  (of  some).  Inflammation,  mostly  con- 
fined to  the  joints;  severely  painful;  occasionally 
extending  to  the  surrounding  muscles.  A  genus 
of  diseases  in  the  Nosology  of  Good,  including 
Rheumatism,  Gout,  Articular  inflammation,  Joint- 
ache,  Ac. 

Arthrosia  Acuta,  Rheumatism,  acute  —  a. 
Chronica,  Rheumatism,  chronic — a.  Lumborum, 
Lumbago — a.  Podagra,  Gout — a.  Podagra  com- 
plicata,  Gout  (retrograde) — a.  Podagra  larvata, 
Gout  (atonic) — a.  Podagra  regularis,  Gout  (re- 
gular). 

ARTHROSIS,  Articulation. 
ARTHROSPON'GUS,  from   ap^pov,  'a.  joint,' 
and  azoyyog,  'a  sponge.'    A  white,  fungous  tu- 
mour of  the  joints. 

ARTHROTRAU'MA,  from  ap$rpov,  'a  joint,' 
and  Tpiivjia,  'a  wound.'     A  wound  of  a  joint. 

AR'TIA.  According  to  some,  this  word  is  sy- 
nonymous with  aprripia;  Others  use  it  synony- 
mously with  Trachea. 

ARTICHAUT,  Cynara  scolymus. 
ARTICHOKE,  Cynara  scolymus. 
ARTICLE,   Articulation  —  a.    of    Death,    see 
Psychorages. 
ARTICOCALUS,  Cynara  scolymus. 
ARTICULAR,   Articula'ris,  (F.)  Articulaire, 
from  artits,  'a  joint;'  articulus,  'a  small  joint.' 
That  which  relates  to  the   articulations — as  the 
articular  capsules,  &c. 

Articular  Arteries  of  the  Arm,  Circumflex 
arteries  of  the  arm. 

Artic'ular  Ar'teries  of  the  Knee  arise 
from  the  popliteal  artery,  and  surround  the  tibio- 
femoral articulation.  Although  of  a  small  size, 
they  are  important,  as  they  furnish  blood  to  the 
lower  extremity  after  the  operation  for  popliteal 
aneurism.  They  are  distinguished  into  superior 
and  inferior.  The  superior  articular  arteries, 
pop)liteal  articular  arteries,  are  commonly  three 
in  number;  one  of  which  is  internal,  another  ex- 
ternal, and  another  middle,  the  az'ygous  artic'- 
ular, Th.e  first.  Ramus  anastomot'icus  magntis, 
anastomoses  by  one  branch  with  the  external  cir- 
cumflex, and  by  another  with  the  external  supe- 
rior articular.  The  second  anastomoses  with  the 
external  circumflex,  the  superior  internal  arti- 
cular, and  the  inferior  external  articular;  and 
the  third  is  distributed  within  the  joint.  The  in- 
ferior articular  arteries  are  two  in  number  :  an 
7 


internal  and  external.  The  former  anastomoses 
with  the  internal  superior  articular  and  the  ex- 
ternal inferior  articular.  The  latter  anastomoses 
with  the  recurrent  branch  of  the  anterior  tibial, 
and  the  external  superior  articular.  To  each 
articular  artery  there  is  an  articular  nerve. 

Artic'ular  Facettes'  are  the  contiguous 
surfaces,  by  means  of  which  the  bones  are  arti- 
culated. 

Articular  Processes,  see  Vertebra. 

Artic'ular  Veins  of  the  knee  follow  the 
same  course  as  the  arteries. 

ARTICULATED,  Articula'tus,  (F.)  ArticuU, 
same  etymon  as  Articulation.  Provided  with,  or 
united  by,  articulations  ;  as  an  '  articulated  skele- 
ton.' See  Skeleton,  articulated;  and  Voice,  ar- 
ticulated. 

ARTICULATIO,  Articulation  — a.  Artificialis, 
Pseudarthrosis — a.  Notha,  Pseudarthrosis. 

ARTICULA'TION,  Joint,  Articula'tio,  Ar- 
thro'sis,  Assarthro'sis,  Artie' ulus,  Junctu'ra,  Cola, 
Conjunc'tio,  Nodus,  Commissu'ra,  Compa'ges, 
Syntax'is,  Har'mus,  Vertic'ula,  Vertic'ulus,  Ver- 
tic'ulnrn,  (F.)  Articulation,  Article.  By  some  of 
the  French  surgeons  and  anatomists,  article  is 
restricted  more  particularly  to  a  movable  articu- 
lation. Same  etymon.  The  union  of  bones  with 
each  other,  as  well  as  the  kind  of  union. 

table  op  articulations. 

Articulations  are  generally  divided  into  Diar- 
throses  or  movable  articulations,  and  Synar- 
throses or  immovable. 

f  1.  Amphiarthrosis. 

2.  Diarthrosis,  orbicu- f  Enarthrosis. 
Diarthroses.    -i  lar  vague.  \  Arthrodia. 

3.  Alternative  or   Ginglymus,   which 
admits  of  varieties. 

1.  Suture. 
Si/narthroses.  \    'i  harmony. 


4.  Schindylesis. 


The  articulations  are  subject  to  a  number  of 
diseases,  which  are  generally  somewhat  severe. 
These  may  b*  physical,  as  wounds,  sprains,  luxa- 
tions, &c. ;  or  they  may  be  organic,  as  ankylosis, 
extraneous  bodies,  caries,  rheumatism,  gout,  hy- 
drarthroses, arthropyosis,  &c. 

Articulation  means  also  the  combination  of 
letters  which  constitute  words.     See  Voice. 

Articulation,  False,  Pseudarthro'sis,  Artie'- 
tdus  fal-sus,  (F.)  A.  fausse,  A.  accidentelle,  A. 
contre  nature,  A.  anormale.  A  false  joint,  formed 
between  fragments  of  bone,  that  have  remained 
ununited ;  or  between  a  luxated  bone  and  the 
surrounding  parts. 

ARTICULATION  SURNUMERAIEE, 
Pseudarthrosis — a.  en  Charniere,  Ginglymus — a. 
de  la  Hanche,  Coxo-femoral  articulation. 

ARTICULI  DIGITORUM  MAN  US,  Phalan- 
ges of  the  fingers — a.  Digitorum  pedis.  Phalanges 
of  the  toes. 

ARTICULO  MORTIS,  see  Psychorages— a. 
Spinalis,  Semispinalis  colli. 

ARTICULUS  NOVUS,  Pseudarthrosis  —  a. 
Praeternaturalis,  Pseudarthrosis  —  a.  Spurius, 
Pseudarthrosis. 

ARTIFICIAL,  Artificia'lia,  (F.).  Artificiet, 
from  ars,  artis,  'art,'  and  facere,  'to  make.' 
That  which  is  formed  by  art. 

Artificial  Eyes  are  usually  made  of  enamel, 
and  represent  a  sort  of  hollow  hemisphere,  which 
is  applied  beneath  the  eyelids,  when  the  eye  is 
lost. 

Artificial  Teeth  are  made  of  ivory,  porce- 
lain, &c. 

Pieces  d'Anatomie  Artificielles,  are  prepara- 
tions of  anatomy,  modelled  in  wax,  plaster,  pa- 
per, &e. 


ARTISCOCCUS  L^VIS 


98 


ASARUM 


ARTISCOCCUS  L^VIS,  Cynara  scolymus.      j 
ARTIS'CUS,   from   aproi,    'bread.'     See  Tro- 
chiscus.     A  troch  of  the  shape  of  a  small  loaf. 
Also,  and  especially,  a  troch  made  of  vipers. 

ARTOCARPUS.  The  Bread-fruit  Tree,  (F.) 
Jaquier,  from  apro;,  'bread,'  and  icupn-oj,  'fruit.' 
A  Polynesian  tree,  so  called  because  the  fruit, 
which  is  milky,  and  juicy,  supplies  the  place  of 
bread  to  the  inhabitants.  It  grows  to  the  height 
of  40  feet. 
Artocarpus  Integrifolia,  Caoutchouc. 
ARTOC'REAS,  from  aproi,  'bread,'  and  xpta;, 
'flesh.'  A  kind  of  nourishing  food  made  of  va- 
rious aliments  boiled  together. — Galen. 

ARTOG'ALA,  from  apros,  'bread,'  and  ya\a, 
'milk.'  An  alimentary  preparatiou  of  bread  and 
milk.     A  poultice.  , 

ARTOM'ELI,  from  apTo;,  'bread,'  and  fieXi, 
'honey.'  A  cataplasm  of  bread  and  honey. — 
Galen. 

ARTTJS,  Membrum. 
ARTYMA,  Aroma,  Condiment. 
ARUil,  A.  maculatum,  and  A.  tripbyllum — a. 
Americanum  betas  foliis,  Dracontium  fcetidum. 

Ardm  DRACON'TltJlf,  AriscB'ma  dracon' tium, 
Green  Dragon;  indigenous,  has  probably  the 
same  medical  properties  as  A.  tripbyllum. 

Arum  Dracun'culus,  A.  polyphyl'him,  Bra- 
cun'culue  polyphyl'lus,  Coluhri'na  Dracon'tia, 
Erva  de  Sancta  Maria,  Giy'arus  serpenta'ria, 
Serpenta' ria  GaUo'rum.  Family,  Aracese.  Sex. 
Syst.  Monoecia  Polyandria.  The  roots  and  leaves 
are  very  acrimonious.  The  plant  resembles  the 
A.  macula'tum  in  its  properties. 

Arum  Esculen'tdm,  Cala'dium  ceeulen'tum, 
Taro,  Kalo.  The  foliage  and  roots  possess  acrid 
qualities,  which  are  dissipated  by  baking  or  boil- 
ing; in  which  form  it  is  used  as  food  by  the 
people  of  Madeira,  the  Polynesians,  Ac. 

Ardm  Macula'tcm,  Aran,  Arum  (of  the  older 
writers),  A.  vnlga're,  Cuckow  Pint,  (Prov.)  CocJcy- 
haby,  Barha  Aaro'nis,  Serpenta' ria  minor,  Zin'- 
giber  German' icum,  Sacerdo'tis  penis,  Wake 
Robin,  Priest's  pintle,  (F.)  Gouet,  Pied  de  Veau, 
Pied  de  lievre,  Picotin,  Giron,  Amidonniere.  The 
fresh  root  is  stimulant  internally.  Dose,  Qj.  of 
the  dried  root.  Externally,  it  is  very  acrid. 
From  the  root  of  this  Arum  a  starch  is  prepared, 
which  is  called  Portland  Island  Sago,  Gersa  ser- 
penta'ria, Cerus'sa  serpenta'  ria,  Fec'ula  ari 
macula'ti. 

Arum,  Three-Leaved,  Arum  triphyllum. 

Arum  TRlpnyL'LUM,  Arisce'ma  atrorubens. 
Three-leaved  arum,  (F.)  Pied  de  Veau  triphylle, 
Indian  Turnip,  Dragon  Root,  Dragon  Turnip, 
Pepper  Turnip.  This  plant  grows  all  over  the 
United  States,  and  is  received  into  the  Pharma- 
copoeia under  the  title  Arum.  The  recent  root, 
or  Cormus — Arum,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  very  acrimo- 
nious, and  has  been  employed  in  asthma,  croup, 
and  hooping-cough.  Boiled  in  lard,  it  has  been 
used  in  tinea  capitis,  and  in  milk  in  consumption. 

Arum  Virginicum,  Peltandra  Virginica  —  a. 
Vulgare,  A.  maculatum — a.  Water,  Calla  palus- 
tris. 

ARUMARI,  Caramata, 

ARUNDO  BAMBOS,  Bamboo  — a.  Brachu 
major.  Ulna — a.  Brachii  minor,  Radius  —  a.  In- 
dica,  Sagiitarium  alexipharmacum  —  a.  Major, 
Tibia  —  a.  Minor,  Fibula  —  a.  Saccharifera,  see 
Saccharum. 

ARVA,  Ava. 

ARVUM,  Vulva— a.  Naturae,  Uterus. 

ARY-ARYTENOID^US,  Arytenoidaeus  — a. 
Epiglotticus,  Arytaeno-epiglotticus. 

ARYT^'NA,  apvTaiva,  '  a  ladle.'     Hence, 

ARYT^']SrO-EPIGLOT'TICUS,Ar3/te'r,o. 
npiglottida' us,  Ary-epiglot'ticus.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  arytenoid  cartilages  and  epiglottis. 


Winslow  gives  this  name  to  small,  fleshy  fasci- 
culi, which  are  attached,  at  one  extremity,  to  the 
arytenoid  cartilages,  and,  by  the  other,  to  the  free 
edge  of  the  epiglottis.  These  fibres  do  not  al- 
ways exist.  They  form  part  of  the  arytenoid 
muscle  of  modern  anatomists. 

ARYT'ENOID,  ArytcenoVdes,  Aryteno'idw'us, 
from  apvTaiva,  *a  ladle,'  and  ii6os, '  shape.'  Ladle- 
shaped. 

Arytenoid  Car'tilages,  Cartilag"ines  aryte.- 
noi'des  seu  guttura'les  seu  gutturi'na  seu  gutturi- 
for'mes  seu  triq' uetrcB,  Guttur'nia,  are  two  carti- 
lages of  the  larynx,  situate  posteriorly  above  the 
cricoid,  which,  by  approximation,  diminish  the 
aperture  of  the  glottis.  Their  upper  extremities 
or  cornua  are  turned  towards  each  other,  and  are 
now  and  then  found  loose,  in  the  form  of  appen- 
dices, which  are  considered,  by  some,  as  distinct 
cartilages,  and  termed  cuneiform  or  tuberculated 
Cartilages,  Cornic'ida  Laryn'gia, 

Arytenoid  Glands,  Gland'ulcB  Arytenoidce'm, 
are  small,  glandular,  whitish  bodies,  situate  an- 
terior to  the  A.  cartilages.  They  pour  out  a  mu- 
cous fluid  to  lubricate  the  larynx. 

ARYTENOID^'US,  (F.)  Arytenoidien.  A 
small  muscle,  which  passes  from  one  arytenoid 
cartilage  to  the  other,  by  its  contraction  brings 
them  together,  and  diminishes  the  aperture  of 
the  glottis.  AVinslow  divided  the  muscle  into 
three  portions  ; — the  Arytenoida' us  transver'sus, 
or  Ary-arytenoida' us,  and  two  Arytenoids' i  ob- 
li'qui. 

ARYTHM,  Aryth'mia,  from  a,  privative,  and 
pvOfioq,  'rhythm,'  'measure.'  Irregularity.  This 
word  is  applied  chiefly  to  the  pulse. 

ASA,  Asafoetida.  See  Assa  —  a.  Dulcis,  Ben- 
jamin. 

ASAFCETI'DA,  Assafoe'tida  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Assa- 
fet'ida,  Stercus  diab'oli,  Cibus  Deo' rum,  Asa, 
Devil's  dung.  Food  of  the  ffods.  A  gum-resin  — 
the  concrete  juice  of  Ferida  Assafoe'tida,  Nar- 
thex  Assnfcetida.  Order,  Umbelliferee.  It  is  in 
small  masses  of  a  whitish,  reddish,  and  violet 
hue,  adhering  together.  Taste  bitter  and  suba- 
erid:  smell  insupportably  alliaceous.  The  Asi- 
atics use  it  regularly  as  a  condiment. 

Its  medical  properties  are  antispasmodic,  sti- 
mulant, and  anthelmintic.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  xx,  in 
pill. 

ASAGR^A  OFFICINALIS,  see  Veratrina, 

AS'APES,  Asep'ton,  properly,  not  putrid,  from 
a,  privative,  and  aa-nuy,  or  crjTtu),  '  I  corrupt.'  A 
term  applied  by  Hippocrates  to  the  sputa,  or  to 
other  matters  evacuated,  which  do  not  give  signs 
of  coction. 

ASAPH'ATUM,  from  a,  privative,  and  aaipm, 
'clear.'  This  term  has  been  applied  to  collec- 
tions in  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  skin,  which 
may  be  pressed  out  like  little  worms,  with  a  black 
head.     See  Acne. 

ASAPHI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  tra^ijj, 
'clear.'  Dyspho'nia  immodula'ta  palati'na,  Pa- 
rapho'nia  guttnra'lis  seu  palati'na.  Defective 
articulation,  dependent  upon  diseased  palate. — 
Hippocrates,  Vogel. 

ASARABACCA,  Asarum — a.  Broad-leaved, 
Asarum  Canadense. 

ASAR'COX,  from  a,  priv.,  and  trap^,  'flesh.' 
Devoid  of  flesh.  Aristotle  uses  the  term  for  the 
head  when  it  is  but  little  fleshy,  compared  with 
the  chest  and  abdomen. 

ASARET,  Asarum  —  a.  du  Canada,  Asarum 
Canadense. 

ASARI'TES,  from  aaapov,  'the  asarum.'  A 
diuretic  wine,  of  which  asarum  was  an  ingredient. 
— Dioscorides. 

AS'ARUM,  from  a,  privative,  and  aaipeiv,  'to 
adorn  :'  because  not  admitted  into  the  ancient 
coronal  wreaths    [?],    As' arum  Europm'um  sea 


ASBESTOS   SCALL 


99 


ASCLEPIAS    ALBA 


officina'le,  Nardus  Monfa'na  seu  Riist'icn,  Az  -  \ 
nrum,  (F.)  Asaret  ou  Cuharet,  Azarum  Cabaret. 
Oreille  d'homme,  Oreillefte,  Girnrd-Rousdn,  Nard 
Sauvage.  Order,  Aristolochiacese,  Sex.  Si/st. 
Dodecandria  Monogynia.  The  plant,  used  in 
medicine,  is  the  Ax'arum  Eiiropce'nm,  Asarabac'- 
ca,  and  of  this  the  leaves.  They  are  emetic, 
cathartic,  and  errhine,  but  are  hardly  ever  em- 
ployed, except  for  the  last  purpose. 

ASARDM  Canaden'sb,  A.  Carolinia'num,  Ca- 
nada Siiakeroot,  Wild  Ginger,  Colt's  Foot,  Broad- 
leaf  Asarabiicca,  Indian  Ginger,  Heart  Snalce- 
rnot,  (F.)  Aiiaret  du  Canada.  The  root  Ai'nrum, 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  ginger,  and 
is  said  to  act  as  a  warm  stimulant  and  dia- 
phoretic. 

AsARUjf  Carolinianum,  A.  Canadense  —  a. 
Europseum,  see  Asarum  —  a.  Hypoeistis,  Cytinus 
hypocistis — a.  Officinale,  see  Asarum. 

ASBESTOS  SCALL,  see  Eczema  of  the  hairy 
scalp. 

ASCAIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ascain 
is  a  village,  situate  about  a  league  from  St.  Jean- 
de-Luz,  in  France.  The  water  is  a  eold  chaly- 
beate. 

ASCARDAMYC'TES,  from  a,  privative,  and 
oKaphanuTTw,  '  I  twinkle  the  eyes.'  One  who  stares 
with  fixed  eyes,  without  moving  the  eyelids. — 
Hippocrates. 

ASCARICIDA  ANTHELMINTICA,  Verno- 
nia  anthelmintica. 

ASCARIDE  LU3TBRIC0tBE,  Asearis  lum- 
bricoides — a.  Vermicnlaire,  Asearis  vermicularis. 
AS'CARIS,  pi.  ASCAR'IDES,  from  aa-capt^w, 
'I  leap.'  A  genus  of  intestinal  worms,  charac- 
terized by  a  long,  cylindrical  body,  extenuated 
at  the  extremities;  and  having  a  mouth  furnished 
•with  three  tubercules,  from  which  a  very  short 
tube  is  sometimes  seen  issuing.  Formerly,  there 
were  reckoned  two  varieties  of  the  Asearis  —  the 
Aa'caria  lumbricoV de9  seu  gigas  liom'inis,  Lum- 
hri'ciis,  L.  teres  hom'inis,  Scolex,  (F.)  Lombri- 
coide,  Ascaride  lomhrico'ide,  Lombric,  or  long 
round  worm ;  and  the  As'caris  Vermieula'ris 
—  the  Asearis  proper — the  thread  icnrm  or  maw 
worm.  The  former  is  alone  included  under 
the  genus,  at  present — a  new  genus  having  been 
formed  of  the  A.  vermicularis,  under  the  name 
Oxyuris.  It  is  the  Oxyu'rie  seu  Fusn'ria  ver- 
micula'ris,  (F.)  Ascaride,  A.  vermiculaire,  Oxyure 
vermicnlaire. 

A  new  species  of  entozoa  has  been  found  by 
Dr.  Bellingham,  the  As'caris  ala'ta. 

AscARis  Alata,  see  Asearis — a.  Gigas  hominis, 
see  Asearis  —  a.  Lumbricoides,  see  Asearis  —  a. 
Renalis,  Strongylus  gigas — a.  Trichuria,  Tricho- 
cephalus — a.  Vermicularis,  see  Asearis — a.  Visce- 
ralis,  Strongylus  gigas. 

AS'CELES,  As'keles,  Carens  cru'ribns,  from  a, 
privative,  and  cKcXoi,  'a  leg.'  One  who  has  no 
legs. 

ASCELLA,  Axilla. 

ASCEN'DENS,  from  ascendere,  [ad  and  eoan- 
dere,)  'to  ascend.'  (F.)  Ascendartf.  Parts  are 
thus  called,  which  are  supposed  to  arise  in  a  re- 
gion lower  than  that  where  they  terminate.  Thus, 
Aorta  ascendem  is  the  aorta  from  its  origin  to  the 
arch:  Vena  cava  ascendens,  the  large  vein  which 
carries  the  blood  from  the  inferior  parts  to  the 
heart :  Obliqnvs  ascendens  (muscle),  the  lesser 
oblique  muscle  of  the  abdomen,  &c. 

ASCEN'SUS  MORBI.  The  period  of  increase 
of  a  disease. 

ASCHERSONIAN  VESICLES,  see  Vesicles, 
Aschersonian. 

ASCESIS,  Exercise. 
ASCHIL,  Scilla. 

ASCHISTODAC'TYLUS,  Syndac'tylus,  from 
a,   privative,   c'x^iaTo-,,  'cleft;'   and   iaKTvXe;,    'a 


finger.'     A  monster  whose  fingers  are  not  sepa- 
rated from  one  another. — Gurlt. 

AS'CIA  (an  axe),  Axine,  Seepar'nos,  Dol'abra, 

Fas'cia  spira'lis.    Name  of  a  bandage  mentioned 

by  the  ancients,  and  figured  by  Scultetus,  in  the 

shape  of  an  axe  or  hatchet. — Galen.    See  Doloire. 

ASCILLA,  Axilla. 

ASCITE,  Ascites — a.  Periloneale,  Ascites. 
ASCI'TES,  from  aaKog,  'a  leathern  sack,  a 
large  belly  :'  —  Aski'tes,  Hydroee'le  Peritona'i, 
Hydrops  Abdom'inis  seu  Ancites,  Hydrogas'ter, 
Hydroperitone'um,  Hydrocoe'lia,  Hydre'trum,  As- 
cli'tes,  Ccelioch'ysis,  Dropsy  of  the  loicer  belly. 
Dropsy  of  the  Peritone'nm,  (F.)  Ascite,  A.  perito- 
neale,  Hydro-peritonie,  Hydropisie  du  Bas-ventre 
ou  du  peritoine.  A  collection  of  serous  fluid  in 
the  abdomen.  Ascites  proper  is  dropsy  of  the 
peritoneum ;  and  is  characterized  by  increased 
size  of  the  abdomen,  by  fluctuation  and  the  gene- 
ral signs  of  dropsy.  It  is  rarely  a  primary  dis- 
ease; but  is  always  dangerous,  and  but  little  sus- 
ceptible of  cure.  Most  generallj',  it  is  owing  to 
obstructed  circulation  in  some  of  the  viscera,  or 
to  excitement  of  the  vessels  of  the  abdominal 
organs.  The  treatment  is  essentially  the  same 
as  that  of  other  dropsies.  Paracentesis,  when 
had  recourse  to,  can  only  be  regarded  as  a  pal- 
liative. 

Dropsy  of  the  peritoneum  may  also  be  saccated 
or  in  cysts,  and  occasionally  the  fluid  accumulates 
exterior  to  the  peritoneum,  Hydrepigas'trinm, 
When  in  cysts  it  is  termed  Hydrocys'tis,  Hydrops 
abdom'inis  sacea'tus  seu  cys'ticus  and  Asci'tes 
sacca'tus. 

Ascites  Hepato-Cvsticus,  Turgescentia  vesi- 
culse  felleee — a.  Ovarii,  Hydrops  ovarii — a.  Puru- 
lentus,  Pyocoelia  —  a.  Saccatus,  see  Ascites,  Hy- 
droarion,  and  Hydrops  ovarii. 

ASCIT'IC,  Ascit'icus,  (F.)  Aseitique.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to,  or  afi"ected  with,  ascites. 

ASCLEPI'ADiE,  Asclepi' ades,  horn  AaKXrjTrto;, 
'^sculapius.'  The  priest  physicians,  who  served 
in  the  ancient  temples  of  JEsculapius,  and  who 
took  their  name  from  being  his  descendants. 
ASCLEPIADE,  Asclepias  vineetoxicum. 
ASCLEPIAS  ALBA,  A.  vineetoxicum —a. 
Apocynum,  A.  Syriaca  —  a.  Asthmatica,  Tylo- 
phora  asthmatica  —  a.  Cornuti,  A-  Syriaca  —  a. 
Crispa,  Gomphocarpus  crispus. 

Asclepias  Curassav'ica,  Bastard  Ipecacu- 
anha, Redhead,  Bloodweed,  The  leaves  are 
emetic  in  the  dose  of  one  or  two  scruples.  It 
is  the  Ipecacuanha  blanc  of  St.  Domingo. 

Asclepias  Decum'bens  ;  the  root.  Escharolic, 
cathartic,  sudorific,  diuretic. 

Asclepias,  Flesh-coloured,  A.  Incarnata  — 
a.  Gigantea,  Mudar. 

Ascle'pias  Incarna'tA,  a.  pulchra,  Flesh- 
coloured  or  swamp  asclepiias  or  silkweed.  The 
root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States,  and  is  ofiicinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S., 
has  the  same  virtues  as  A.  Syriaca,  and  A.  tube- 
rosa. 
Asclepias  Obovata,  A.  Syriaca. 
Asclepias  Proc"era  [?],  Beidelcssar,  Bei- 
delsar.  An  Egyptian  plant,  the  leaves  of  which 
are  made  into  a  plaster,  and  applied  to  indolent 
tumours.  The  milky  juice  is  caustic,  and  is  used 
as  such. 

Asclepias  Pseudosaesa,  Hemidesmus  Indi- 
cus  —  a.  Pubescens,  A.  Syriaca — a.  Pulchra,  A. 
incarnata. 

Asclepias  Syriaca,  A.  pubes'cens  seu  apoc"y- 
num  seu  obova'ta  seu  tomento'sa  seu  Cornu'ti, 
Common  Silkweed,  Milk  Weed,  (F.)  Herbe  &  la 
houette.  The  cortical  part  of  the  root,  ofiicinal 
in  the  Ph.  U.  S.,  has  been  given,  in  powder,  in 


ASCLEPIASMUS 


100 


ASPHYXIA 


asthmatic   and   pulmonic   affections    in  general, 
and,  it  is  said,  with  success. 

AsctE'piAS  Sullivan'tii,  Smooth  ililkweed, 
Silkweed:  indigenous,  possesses  the  same  virtues 
as  the  next. 

AscLEPiAS  ToMENTOSA,  A.  Syriaca. 
Ascle'pias  Tubero'sa,  Butterfly  Weed,  Pleu- 
risy Root,  Flux  Hoot,  Wind  Root,  Wind  Weed, 
White  Root,  Orange  Swallow  Root,  Silk  Weed, 
Canada  Root,  Orange  Apoc'ynum,  Tuberous 
Rooted  Swal'low  Wort.  Said  to  have  been  first 
recommended  by  the  Aselepiades.  In  Virginia 
and  the  Carolinas,  the  root  of  this  plant — officinal 
in  the  Ph.  U.  S. — has  been  long  celebrated  as  a 
remedy  in  pneumonic  affections.  It  is  sudo- 
rific, and  the  powder  acts  as  a  mild  purgative. 
Its  chief  powers  are  said  to  be  expectorant,  dia- 
phoretic, and  febrifuge.  It  is  occasionally  given 
to  relieve  pains  of  the  stomach  from  flatulency 
and  indigestion. 

AscLEPlAS  ViNCETOx'iCUJf,  A.  Alba,  Cynan'- 
ehum  Vincetox'icum,  Vincetox'ieum,  V.  Officina'le, 
Hirundina'ria,  Apoc"ynum  Novcb  An'glim  hirsu'- 
tum,  &c.,  Swnllow-Wort,  White  Sioallow-Wort, 
(F.)  Asclepiade,  Dompte-venin. 

The  root  is  said  to  be  stimulant,  diuretic,  and 
emnienagogue,  but  is  hnrdly  ever  used. 
ASCLEPIASMUS,  Hsemorrhois. 
ASCLITES,  Ascites. 

ASCO'MA,  from  aoKoq,  'a  bottle.'     The  emi- 
nence of  the  pubes  at  the  period  of  puberty  in 
females. — llufus  of  Ephesus. 
ASE,  Anxiety. 
ASELLI,  Onisci  aselli. 
ASELLUS,  Oniscus. 

ASE'MA  CRISIS,  /c()i(ris  aanixa,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  crijxa,  '  a  sign.'  A  crisis  occurring  unex- 
pectedly and  without  the  ordinary  precursory 
signs. 

ASEPTON,  Asapos. 

ASH,  BITTER,  Quassia  — a.  Blue,  Fraxinus 
quadrangulata  —  a.  Mountain,  Sorbus  acuparia 
—  a.  Mountain,  American,  Sorbus  Americana 
— a.  Prickly,  Aralia  spinosa.,  Xanthoxylum  clava 
Herculis  —  a.  Prickly,  shrubby,  Xanthoxylum 
fraxineum  —  a.  Stinking,  Ptelea  trifoliata  —  a. 
Tree,  Fraxinus  excelsior  —  a.  White,  Fraxinus 
Americana. 

ASIALORRHCE'A,  (F.)  Asialorrh.ee,  from  a, 
priv.,  (tigXov,  '  saliva,' and  ^£0),  'tofl.ow.'  Diminu- 
tion in  the  flow  of  saliva. 

ASIMINA  TRILOBA,  see  Carica  papaya. 
ASIT"IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  criTog,  'food.' 
Abstinence  from  food.     Want  of  appetite, — Fas- 
tid'ium  cibo'rum,  Apoclei'sis. 
ASIUS  LAPIS,  Assius  Lapis. 
ASJAGAN,   As'Jogam.     An    Indian    tree,   the 
iuice   of    whose    leaves,    mixed   with    powdered 
cumin  seeds,  is  employed  in  India  in  colic. 
ASJOGAM,  Asjagan. 
ASKELES,  Asceles. 
ASKER,  Eschar. 
ASKITES,  Ascites. 

ASO'DES,  Asso'des,  from  arrn,  'disgust,'  'sati- 
ety.' A  fever  accompanied  with  anxiety  and 
nausea  ;  Fe'bris  aso'des  vel  azo'des. 

ASPALASO'MUS,  from  aaTra\a^,  'a  mole,' and 
o-wfia,  'a  body.'     A  genus  of  monsters  in  which 
there  is  imperfect    development  of  the  eyes.  — 
I.  Gr.  St.  Hilaire.     Also,  a  malformation,  in  which 
the  fissure  and  eventration  extend  chiefly  upon 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen  ;  the  urinary  ap- 
paratus, genitals  and  rectum  opening  externally 
by  three  distinct  orifices. — Vogel. 
ASPALTUM,  Asphaltum. 
ASPARAGINE,  see  Asparagus. 
ASPAR'AGUS,    A(T-apayug,  Aspar'aiyns    offici- 
na'lis,  Common  Asparagus,  Spar'agus,  Sper'agus, 
Sparrow    Grass,    Grass,   Sperage.       Ord,  Aspho- 


delese.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  As- 
par'agi  ojflcina'lis  Turio'iits,  (F.)  Asperge.  The 
fresh  roots  are  diuretic,  perhaps  owing  to  the  im- 
mediate crystallizable  principle,  Asparagine, 
which  is  said  to  be  sedative  in  the  dose  of  a  few 
grains.  The  young  shoots  are  a  well  known  and 
esteemed  vegetable  diet.  They  communicate  a 
peculiar  odour  to  the  urine.  A  sj'rup  made  of 
the  young  shoots  and  an  extract  of  the  roots  has 
been  recommended  as  a  sedative  in  heart  affec- 
tions. 

ASPA'SIA.  A  ball  of  wood  soaked  in  an  in- 
fusion of  galls,  and  used  by  females  for  constring- 
ing  the  vagina. 

ASPEN,  AMERICAN",  Populus  tremuloides— 
a.  European,  Populus  tremula. 
ASPERA  ARTBRIA,  Trachea. 
ASPERGE,  Asparagus. 

ASPERITAS  ARTERI^  ASPERiE,  Rau- 
cedo.      ,  ^  ^ 

ASPERITE  DES  PAUPIERES,  Trachoma. 
ASPERITUDO,  Trachoma. 
ASPER'ITY,   Aspier'itas,  roughness.     Asperi- 
ties are    inequalities    on  the  surfaces    of  bones, 
which  often    serve    for  the    insertion  of  fibrous 
organs. 

ASPERMATIA,  Aspermatismus. 
ASPERMATIS'MUS,  Asper'inia,  Asperma'tia, 
from  a,  privative,  and  anepua,  'sperm.'     Reflux 
of  sperm  from  the  urethra  into  the  bladder,  dur- 
ing the  venereal  orgasm. 

ASPERMIA,  Aspermatismus. 
ASPERSIO,  Catapasma,  Fomentation. 
ASPER'SION,  Asper'sio,  from  aspergere  (ad 
and    spargere),    'to    sprinkle,'    (P.)    Arrosement. 
Act  of  sprinkling  or  pouring  a  liquid  guttatim 
over  a  wound,  ulcer,  &c. 

ASPERULA,  Galium  aparine. 
Asper'olA    Odora'ta,    (diminutive    of  asper, 
'rough,'  the  seeds  being  rough),  Ga'lium  odora'- 
tum,  Matrisyl'va,  Hepat'ica  Stella' ta,  (P.)  AspS- 
rule    odorante    ou    Muguet    des    bois,     Hep)atique 
etoilee.      Ord.  Rubiaceae.      Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria 
Monogynia.      Sweet-scented    Woodroof.     Said  to 
be  diuretic,  deobstrueut,  tonic,  and  vulnerary. 
ASPER ULE  ODORANTE,  As^erulnodoTnta.. 
ASPHALTI'TES,  Nephri'tes,  Nephri'tis,  Pri- 
ma Vertebra  lumba'ria,  same  etymon  as  asphal- 
tum.    A  name  given  by  some  to  the  last  lumbar 
vertebra. — Gorrseus. 

ASPHAL'TUM,  Nep'ta,  Arsal'tos,  Asphal'tum, 
from  a(ripa\i^£iv,  '  to  strengthen,'  being  used  as 
a  cement.  [?]  With  the  Greeks,  this  word  signi- 
fied any  kind  of  bitumen.  It  is  now  restricted 
chiefly  to  the  Bitu'men  of  Jud^'a,  B.  Juda'- 
icum,  A.  sol'idum,  Jews'  Pitch,  Karabe  of  Sodom, 
(F.)  Asphalte,  Bitume  de  Judee,  Poix  minerale 
scoriacee,  Baume  de  momie  ou  des  funeraiUes.  It 
is  solid,  friable,  vitreous,  black,  shining,  inflam- 
mable, and  of  a  fetid  smell.  An  oil  is  obtained 
from  it  by  distillation.  It  enters  into  the  compo- 
sition of  certain  ointments  and  plasters. 

It  is  collected  on  the  surface  of  the  water  of 
the  Dead  Sea  or  Lake  Asphaltites,  in  Judaja. 
ASPHARINE,  Galium  aparine. 
ASPHOD'ELUS,  Aa^pohUg,  A.  Ramo'sus  seu 
Albus  seu  Maris,  Has'tula  Regis,  (F.)  Lis  aspho- 
delc.  The  bulbs  of  this  southern  European 
plant  have  an  acrimony  which  they  lose  in  boil- 
ing water.  They  contain  a  feeula  with  which 
bread  has  been  made,  and  have  been  considered 
diuretic.  They  have  been  used  as  a  succedaneum 
for  the  squill. 

ASPHYCTOS,  Pulseless. 

ASPHYX'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  o-^vl'if,  'pulse,' 
Defec'tus  Pulsus,  Acrotis'mus,  Sidera'tio,  Sydera'- 
tio,  (F.)  Anhematosie.  For  a  long  time.  Asphy- 
xia was  confined  to  the  sense  of  '  suspension  of 
circulation   or  syncope;'  Pulselessness.      It  now 


ASPHYXIAL 


101 


ASSIDENTIA   SIGNA 


generally  means  suspended  animation,  produced 
by  the  noneonversion  of  the  venous  blood  of  the 
lungs  into  arterial, — Aionce'a,  Apneus'tia,  Apnoe- 
asjjhyx' ia,  Anhceniato'sia,  Ec'lysis  pneumo-eardi' - 
aca,  Anoxemie,  Hypoxemie, — Piorry.  Owing  to 
the  supply  of  air  being  cut  off,  the  unchanged 
venous  blood  of  the  pulmonary  artery  passes  into 
the  minute  radicles  of  the  pulmonary  veins,  but 
their  peculiar  excitability  requiring  arterial  blood 
to  excite  them,  stagnation  takes  places  in  the  pul- 
monary radicles,  and  death  occurs  chiefly  from 
this  cause, — not  owing  to  venous  blood  being 
distributed  through  the  system,  and  'poisoning' 
it,  as  was  the  idea  of  Bichat.  Cants  asphyx'ia, 
Mors  appa'rens,  Mors  jjutati'va,  Pseudothan'alos, 
Apparent  death,  (F.)  Mort  apparente,  is  charac- 
terized by  suspension  of  respiration,  of  the  cere- 
bral functions,  &c.  Several  varieties  of  Asphyxia 
have  been  designated. 

1.  Asphyx'ia  of  the  iSTEW-BoEX,  A.  neonato'- 
rnm.  This  is  often  dependent  upon  the  feeble 
condition  of  the  infant,  not  permitting  respiration 
to  be  established. 

2.  Asphyx'ia  by  Noxious  lyHALA'TiON,  or  in- 
halation of  gases,  some  of  which  cause  death  by 
producing  a  spasmodic  closure  of  the  glottis; 
others  by  the  want  of  oxygen;  and  others  are 
positively  deleterious  or  poisonous. 

3.  Asphyx'ia  by  Strangula'tion,  or  Suffoca'- 
tion ;  produced  by  mechanical  impediment  to 
respiration,  as  in  hanging. 

4.  Asphyx'ia  by  Subjier'sion,  A.  by  drown- 
ing, A.  Immerso' rum,  Atu/iairhydrie  (Piorry),  as 
occurs  in  the  drowned,  who  perish  in  consequence 
of  the  medium  in  which  they  are  plunged,  being 
unfit  for  respiration.     See  Submersion. 

Mr.  Chevalier  has  used  the  term  Asphyx'ia 
Idiopath'ica,  for  fatal  syncope  owing  to  relaxa- 
tion of  the  heart.     See  Suffocation. 

Asphyx'ia  JjurERSORUir,  A.  by  submersion — 
a.  Local: — see  Grangrene — a.  Neonatorum,  A.  of 
the  new-born  —  a.  Pestilenta:  —  see  Cholera — a. 
Pestilential : — see  Cholera. 

ASPHYX'IAL,  Asphyx'ic  Relating  to  as- 
phyxia— as  '  asphyxial  phenomena.' 

ASPHYXIE  BES  PARTIES,  Gangrene— 
a.  Lente  des  nouveau-nes,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue. 

A  S  P  H  Y  X'l  E  D,  Asphyx'iated,  Asphyxia' tus, 
same  etymon.     In  a  state  of  asphyxia. 
ASPIC,  Aspis,  Lavandula  spica. 
ASPIDISCOS,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 
ASPID'IUM  ATHAMAN'TICUM,  from 
acnriSiov,  'a  small  shield,'  diminutive  of  aa-t;,  'a, 
shield.'      A    South    African    fern,    Ord.   Filices, 
which  is  possessed  of  anthelmintic   properties. 
Its  caudex,  in  the  form  of  powder,  infusion,  or 
electuary,  has  been  found  excellent  in  helmin- 
thiasis, and  especially  in  tapeworm. 

AsPiDiUJr  CoRiACEtTM,  Calagualas  radix  —  a. 
Depastum,  Polypodium  filix  mas — a.  Discolor,  see 
Calagualse  radix  — a.  Erosum,  Polypodium  fllix 
mas — a.  Filix  foemina,  Asplenium  filix  foemina — 
a.  Ferrugineum,  see  Calagualee  radix  —  a.  Filix 
mas,  Polvpodium  fil'x  mas. 
ASPIRATIO,  Inspiration. 

ASPIRA'TION,  Adspira'tio,  Aspira'tio,  from 
aspirare  {ad  and  sjnrare),  '  to  breathe.'  The 
French  sometimes  use  the  term  synonymously 
■with  inspiration.  It  also  means  theactof  attract- 
ing or  sucking  like  a  pump.  Imbibition.  Also, 
the  pronunciation  of  a  vowel  with  a  full  breath. 

ASPIS,  ac-TTig.  A  name  given  by  the  ancients 
to  a  venomous  serpent  —  the  Egyptian  viper  of 
Lacepede,  (F.)  Aspic.  Its  bite  is  very  dangerous, 
and  it  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  reptile  which 
Cleopatra  used  for  her  destruction. 

ASPLE'NIUM,  Asple'num,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
VT!\riv,  'the  spleen.'     Spileenwort,  Milticaste. 


AsPLENiuir  AuREUsr,  A.  ceterach. 
Asple'nium  Cet'erach,  A.  au'reum  seu  lati- 
fo'lium,  Gymnogram'me  ceieraoh,  Doradil'la, 
Blechnum  equanio'sum,  Seolopen'dria,  Athyr'ion, 
Cet'erach  officina'rum  seu  Canarien'sis,  Grammi'- 
tis  cet'erach  seu  an'rea,  Gymnopi'teris  ceterach,  Vit- 
ta'ria  ceterach,  (F.)  Doradille.  Ord.  Filices. 
Supposed  to  be  subastringent  and  mucilaginous, 
and  has  been  recommended  as  a  pectoral.  It  has 
also  been  given  in  calculous  cases. 

Asple'niuji  Filix  Fce'mtna,  Polypo'dium  filix 
foemina  seu  molle  seu  denta'tum  seu  inei'sum  seu 
trif'idum,  Aspidium  filix  foemina,  Athyr'ium  filix 
fcemina  seu  molle  seu  ova'tiun  seu  trif'idum,  Pte- 
ris  palus'tris,  Female  fern,  Spleemoort,  (F.)  Foii- 
gere  femelle.  The  root  of  this  plant  resembles 
that  of  the  male  fern,  and  is  said  to  possess  simi- 
lar anthelmintic  virtues.  The  name  female  fern 
is  also  given  to  Pteris  aqnilina. 

Asplenium  Latifolium,  A.  ceterach  —  a.  Mu» 
rale,  A.  ruta — a.  Obtusum,  A.  ruta  muraria. 

Asple'.mum  Ruta  Mura'ria,  A.  mura'le  seu 
obtu'sum,  Paronych'ia,  Phylli'tis  ruta  mnra'ria, 
Scolopen' drium  ruta  mura'ria,  Wallrue,  White 
Maidenhair,  Tentwort,  Adian'tum  album,  Ruta 
mura'ria,  Sal'via  Vita,  (F.)  Rue  des  murailles, 
Sauve-vie.     Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  last. 

Asple'nium  Scolopen'drium,  Seolopendrium 
ofiicina' rum  seu  lingua  seu  phylli'tis  seu  vulga'- 
re,  Scolopen'dra,  Seolopen'dria,  Hart's  Tongue, 
Spleemoort,  Phylli'tis,  Lingua  cervi'na,  Blechnum 
lignifo'lium,  (F.)  Scolopendre,  Langue  de  cerf. 
Properties  like  the  last. 

Asple'nium  Trichomanoi'des,  A.  Trichom'- 
anes,  Phylli'tis  rotundifo'lia,  Calyphyl' lutn,  Tri- 
chom'anes,  T.  crena'ta,  Adian'tum  rubrum.  Com- 
mon Maidenhair,  Polyt'richum  commu'ne,  (F.) 
Polytric.  Properties  like  the  last. 
ASPLENUM,  Asplenium. 
ASPREDO,  Trachoma  —  a.  Miliacea,  Miliary 
fever. 

ASPHALE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 
ASPRITUDO,  Trachoma. 
ASS  ABA.     A  Guinea  shrub,  whose  leaves  are 
considered  capable  of  dispersing  buboes. 
ASSACOU,  Hura  Brasiliensis. 
ASSA  DOUX,  Benjamin — a.  Dulcis,  Benjamii 
— a.  Odorata,  Benjamin. 
ASSAFETIDA,  Asafoetida. 
ASSAFCETIDA,  Asafoetida. 
ASSAIERET.     A  compound  of  bitter,  stoma- 
chic, and  purgative  medicines  in  the  form  of  pill. 
— Avicenna. 

ASSAINISSEMENT  (F.),  from  ad,  'to,' 
and  sanare,  'to  make  healthj-.'  The  act  of  ren- 
dering healthy,  as  by  the  draining  of  marshes, 
the  disinfection  of  the  air,  &c. 

ASSAISONNEMENT,  Condiment. 
ASSAKUR,  Saccharum. 
ASSALA,  see  Mvristica  moschata. 
ASSARTHROSiS,  Articulation. 
ASSA'TIO,  Opte'sis.     The  boiling  of  food  or 
medicines  in  their  own  juice,  without  the  addi- 
tion of  any  liquid.     Various  kinds  of  cooking  by 
heat. — Galen. 
ASSELLA,  Axilla. 

AS'SERAC,  Assis.  A  preparation  of  opium, 
or  of  some  narcotic,  used  by  the  Turks  as  an 
excitant. 

ASSERCULUM,  Splint. 
ASSERVATION,  Conservation. 
ASSES'  MILK,  see  Milk,  asses'. 
Asses'  Milk,  Artificial,  see  Milk,  asses'. 
AS'SIDENS,  from  ad,  'to,'  and  sedere,  'to  be 
seated.'    That  which  accompanies  or  is  concomi- 
tant.   An  epithet  applied  to  the  accessory  symp- 
toms, Assiden'tia  signa,  and  general  phenomena 
of  disease. 
ASSIDENTIA  SIGNA,  see  Assidens. 


ASSIMILABLE 


102 


ASTHMA 


ASSIM'ILABLE,  AssimilaVilin.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Assimilation.  That  which  is  susceptible 
of  assimilation. 

ASSIM'ILATING,  Assim'ihtori/,  Asshnilato'- 
rius,(E.)  Assimilateur.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
That  which  effects  assimilation,  as  an  assimilating 
or  assimilatory  organ. 

ASSIMILA'TION,  Assimila'tio,  Simila'tio,Ap- 
propria'tio,  Exomoio'sis,  Homoio'sis,  Threpsis, 
Threp'tiee;  from  assimilare,  {ad  and  similare,) 
'to  render  similar.'  The  act  by  which  living 
bodies  appropriate  and  transform  into  their  own 
substance  matters  with  which  they  may  be  placed 
in  contact.  The  reverse  action — that  of  separa- 
ting and  eliminating  matters  already  assimilated, 
in  the  act  of  nutrition — is  termed,  by  the  French, 
Desassimilation. 

ASSIS,  Asserac. 

AS'SIUS  LAPIS,  A'siiis  Lapis.  A  sort  of 
stone  or  earth,  found  near  the  town  of  Assa  in 
the  Troad,  which  had  the  property  of  destroying 
proud  flesh. 

ASSOCIATED  MOVEMENTS,see  Instinctive. 

ASSODES,  Asodes. 

ASSOUPISSANT,  Somniferous. 

ASSOUPISSEiMENT,  Somnolency. 

ASSOURON,  see  Myrtus  Pimenta. 

ASSUETUDO,  Habit. 

ASSULA,  Splint. 

ASSULTUS,  Attack. 

ASSUMPTIO,  Prehension. 

ASTACI  FLUVIATILIS  CONCKEMENTA, 
Cancrorum  chelge. 

AST  AC  US  FLUVIATILIS,  Crab. 

ASTAKILLOS,  Araneum  ulcus. 

ASTARZOF.  An  ointment,  composed  of  li- 
tharge, frog's  spawn,  <fcc.  Also,  camphor,  dis- 
solved in  rose  water. — Paracelsus. 

ASTASIA,  Dysphoria. 

ASTER  ATTICUS,  Bubonium. 

Aster  CoRDiroLnJS,  Heart-leaved  Aster,  A. 
Punic'eus,  Moitgh-stenuned  Aster,  and  other 
indigenous  species,  Order  Compositse,  possess 
aromatic  properties. 

Aster  Dysentericus,  Inula  dysenterica  —  a. 
Heart-leaved,  A.  cordifolius — a.  Helenium,  Inula 
Helenium — a.  Inguinalis,  Eryngium  campestre — 
—  a.  Officinalis,  Inula  Helenium  —  a.  Rough- 
stemmed,  A.  Puniceus^a.  Tortifolius,  Sericocar- 
pus  tortifolius — a.  Undulatus,  Inula  dysenterica. 

ASTE'RIA  GEMMA,  Asfe'nus,  Astroi'tes,  As'- 
trios,  Astroh'olus.  The  ancients  attributed  ima- 
ginary virtues  to  this  stone,  —  that  of  dispersing 
NcEvi  Materni,  for  example. 

ASTERIAS  LUTEA,  Gentiana  lutea. 

ASTER'NIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  oTcpov, 
'the  sternum.'  A  monstrosity,  in  which  there  is 
absence  of  the  sternum. 

ASTBROCEPHALUS  SUCCISA,  Scabiosa 
succisa. 

ASTHENES,  Infirm. 

ASTHENI'A,  Vis  imminu'ta,  from  a,  priv., 
and  CT^svoj,  'force,'  'strength.'  Want  of  strength, 
debility.  (F.)  Affaiblissement.  Infirmity.  A 
word  used  in  this  sense  by  Galen,  and  employed, 
especially  by  Brown,  to  designate  debility  of  the 
whole  economj',  or  diminution  of  the  vital  forces. 
He  distinguished  it  into  direct  and  indirect:  the 
former  proceeding  from  diminution  of  stimuli; 
the  latter  from  exhaustion  of  incitability  by  the 
abuse  of  stimuli. 

Asthenia  Deglutitionis,  Pharyngoplegia — a. 
Pectoralis,  Angina  Pectoris. 

ASTHEN'IC,  Asthen'icus,  (F.)  Astheniqne. 
Same  etymon  as  the  last.  Relating  or  belonging 
to  asthenia. 

ASTHENICOPYRA,  Fever,  adynamic. 

ASTHENICOPYRETUS,  Fever,  adynamic. 


ASTHENIQUE,  Asthenic. 

ASTHENO'PIA,  BebU'itas  seu  Eeletu'do  vi- 
sits, (F.)  Affaiblissement  de  la  Vue,  from  a,  priv., 
aBei'os,  'strength,'  and  atp,  'the  eye.'  Weakness 
of  sight ;    Weak-sightedness. 

ASTHENOPYRA,  Fever,  adynamic.  Typhus. 

ASTHENOPYRETUS,  Fever,  adynamic. 

ASTHMA,  from  acQjia,  'laborious  breathing;' 
from  au),  '  I  respire.'  A.  spas'ticum  advlto'rum 
seu  bronchia'le  seu  senio'rvm  seu  eonvulsi'vum  seu 
spas'ticum  intermit' tens,  Spas'mus  bronchia' lis, 
JJyspnce'a  et  orthopnm'a  convnlsi'va,  Mcdum  Ca- 
du'cum  pulmo'num,  Broken-icindedness,  Nervous 
asthma,  (F.)  Asthme,  A.  nerveiix.  Difficulty  of 
breathing,  recurring  at  intervals,  accompanied 
with  a  wheezing  sound  and  sense  of  constriction 
in  the  chest;  cough  and  expectoration. 

Asthma  is  a  chronic  disease,  and  not  curable  with 
facility.  Excitant  and  narcotic  antispasmodics 
are  required. 

There  are  no  pathognomonic  physical  signs  of 
asthma.  In  some  cases,  the  respiration  is  uni- 
versally puerile  during  the  attack.  In  the  spas- 
modic form,  the  respiratory  murmur  is  very  feeble 
or  absent  during  the  fit;  and  in  all  forms  percus- 
sion elicits  a  clear  pulmonary  sound.  The  disease 
generally  consists  in  some  source  of  irritation,  and 
occasionally,  perhaps,  in  paralysis  of  the  pneu- 
mogastric  nerves,  Uronchoparal'ysis,  Paral'ysis 
nervi  vagi  in  parte  thorac"ica,  more  frequently 
of  the  former  —  all  the  phenomena  indicating 
constriction  of  the  smaller  bronchial  ramifica- 
tions. The  treatment  is  one  that  relieves  spasmo- 
dic action  —  narcotics,  counter-irritants,  change 
of  air,  &G. 

Asthma  Acc'ttjm,  of  Millar,  A.  spas'ticum  in- 
fan'ium,  Cynan'ehe  Trachea'lis  spasmod'ica,  (F.) 
Asthme  aitju.  Probably,  spasmodic  croup  [?] 
See  Asthma  Thymicum. 

Asthma  Aerium,  Pneumothorax  —  a.  Aerium 
ab  Emphysemate  Pulmonum,  Emphysema  of  the 
Lungs  —  a.  Arthriticum,  Angina  Pectoris  —  a. 
Bronchiale,  Asthma. 

Asthma,  Car'diac,  (F.)  Dysprtee  ou  Asthme 
Cardiaque,  Dyspnoea  dependent  upon  disease  of 
the  heart. 

Asthma  Convulsivtjm,  Angina  pectoris  —  a. 
Diaphragmaticum,  Angina  Pectoris  —  a.  Dolo- 
rificum,  Angina  pectoris  —  a.  Emphysematicum, 
Pneumothorax. 

Asthma,  Grinders',  Grinders'  Rot.  The  ag- 
gregate of  functional  phenomena,  induced  by  the 
inhalation  of  particles  thrown  off  during  the  ope- 
ration of  grinding  metallic  instruments,  &c.  The 
structural  changes  induced  are  enlargement  of 
the  bronchial  tubes,  expansion  of  the  pulmonary 
tissue,  and  phthisis. 

Asthma  Gypseum,  A.  pulverulentum — a.  Hay, 
Fever,  hay. 

Asthma  Hh'midum,  Humid,  Common,  or  Spit- 
ting asthma,  is  when  the  disease  is  accompanied 
with  expectoration.  It  is  also  called  A.  humo- 
ra'le,  A.  flatulen' turn,  A.  pneumon' icum,  Blenno- 
tho'rax  chron'icus,  &c. 

Asthma  Infantum,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  a. 
Infantum  Spasmodicum,  A.  Thymicum — a.  Kop- 
pian,  A.  Thymicum  —  a.  Laryngeum  Infantum, 
A.  Thymicum — a.  Montanum,  A.  pulverulentum 
— a.  Nervous,  Asthma — a.  Nocturnum,  Incubus. 

Asthaia  Pulverulen'tum,  A.  gyp'seum,  A. 
monta'num.  The  variety  of  asthma  to  which 
millers,  bakers,  grinders,  and  others  are  subject. 

Asthma  Siccum,  so  called  when  the  paroxysm 
is  sudden,  violent,  and  of  short  duration;  cough 
slight,  and  expectoration  scanty;  spasmodic  con- 
striction. 

Asthma  Spastico-Arthriticum  Inconstans, 
Angina  pectoris  —  a.  Spasticum  Infantum,  A. 
Thymicum. 


ASTHMATIC 


103 


ATAVISM 


Asthma  TnT'sricuif,  A.  T.  Kop'pii,  Asthma 
spas'ticum  infan'tum  seu  infan'tnm  spasmo' dicxim 
seu  larynge'uminfan'tum  seu  intermit' tens  infan'- 
tum seu  dentien'tium  seu  period' iciim.  acu'tum, 
Thymasth'ma,  Cynan'che  trachea'lis  spasmnd'ica, 
Spasmus  glot'tidis,  Koppian  Asthma,  Thymic 
Asthma,  Laryngis'mus  strid'ulus,  Lnryngo-spas- 
mus,  Apnce'a  infan'tum,  Spasm  of  the  larynx  or 
glottis,  Croup-like  inspiration  of  infants.  Child- 
crowing,  Spasmodic  croup.  Pseudo-croup,  Spu'ri- 
ous  or  Cer'ehral  croup,  Phreno-glot'tism,  Suffo- 
cating nervous  catarrh,  (F.)  Laryngite  stridideuse, 
Fanx  Croup,  Pseudo-croup  nerveux,  Spasme  de  la 
Glotte  et  dn  Thorax.  A  disease  of  infants,  cha- 
racterized by  suspension  of  respiration  at  inter- 
vals ;  great  difficulty  of  breathing,  especially  on 
waking,  swallowing,  or  crying;  ending  often  in 
a  fit  of  suffocation,  with  convulsions.  The  patho- 
logy of  the  disease  has  been  supposed  to  consist 
in  an, enlargement  of  the  thymus  gland,  or  of 
the  glands  of  the  neck  pressing  on  the  pneumo- 
gastric  nerves  [?].  The  ear,  by  auscultation,  at 
a  distance  from  the  chest,  detects  an  incomplete, 
acute,  hissing  inspiration,  or  rather  cry;  whilst 
the  expiration  and  voice  are  croupal,  both  at  the 
accession  and  termination  of  the  paroxysm.  The 
heart's  action  has  been  observed  to  be  distinct 
and  feeble. 

These  symptoms  are  often  accompanied  by 
rigidity  of  the  fingers  and  toes  ;  the  thumb  being 
frequently  drawn  forcibly  into  the  palm  of  the 
clenched  hand,  whence  the  name  Carp>o-pedal 
spasm,  applied,  at  times,  to  the  disease. 

Asthma  Typicum.  Asthma  characterized  by 
periodicity. 

Asthma  Uteri,  Hysteria  —  a.  "Weed,  Lobelia 
inflata. 

ASTHMAT'IC,  Asfhmat'icus,  Pnoocohjt'icns, 
(F.)  Asthmatique.  Affected  with  asthma.  E,ela- 
ting  to  asthma. 

ASTH3IE  AIGU,  Asthma  acutum— a.  Cardi- 
aque.  Asthma,  cardiac — a.  Nerveux,  Asthma. 

ASTIG'MATISM,  Astigmatism' us,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  CTtyfta,  aTtyjiaToi,  'a  point.'  A  state 
of  irregular  refraction  in  the  eye,  in  which  the 
rays  are  not  brought  to  one  focus,  but  converge 
at  different  distances,  so  as  to  form  two  linear 
images  at  right  angles  to  each  other. 

AS'TOMUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  cro/xa,  'a 
mouth.'  (F.)  Astome.  One  without  a  mouth. 
Pliny  speaks  of  a  people  in  India  without  mouths, 
who  live  anhelatn  et  adore! 

ASTRAGALE  COL  D',  Collum  astragali. 

ASTRAGALOIDES  SYPHILITICA,  Astra- 
galus exscapus. 

ASTRAG'ALUS,  Talus,  the  AiMe,  Qua'trio, 
Quar'tio,  Quater'nio,  Viah'ebos,  Peza,  Cavic'ula, 
Cavil'la,  Tetro'ros,  As'trion,  Os  BalUst'm  seu 
Tes'serce,  from  acrrpayaXos,  'a  die,'  which  it  has 
been  considered  to  resemble  [?].  A  short  bone, 
situate  at  the  superior  and  middle  part  of  the 
tarsus,  where  it  is  articulated  with  the  tibia.  It 
is  the  ankle  bone,  sling  hone,  or  first  bone  of  the 
foot.  The  anterior  surface  is  convex,  and  has  a 
well-marked  prominence,  supported  by  a  kind  of 
neck,  and  hence  has  been  called  the  head  of  the 
astragalus.  The  astragalus  is  developed  by  two 
points  of  ossification. 

Also,  the  atlas  or  first  vertebra  of  the  neck. 

Astrag'alus  Ex'scapus,  Astragalo'i'des  sy- 
pMlit'ica,  Stemless  llilk-vetch,  (F.)  Asfragale  d 
gousses  veins.  Ord.  Leguminosse.  Sex.  Syst.  Dia- 
delphia  Decandria.  The  root  is  said  to  have 
cured  confirmed  syphilis. 

Astrag'alus  Tragacanthus,  see  Tragacanth. 

Astrag'alus  Verus,  Spina  hirci,  Astrag' alus 
acidea'tus.  Goat's  thorn,  dlilk-vetch.  The  plant 
which  affords  Gum  Trag'aeanth.  See  Traga- 
canth a. 


ASTRANTIA,  Imperatoria — a.  Diapensia,  Sa- 
nieula. 

AS'TRAPE,  Corusca'tio,  Fuhjar,  Fuhnen, 
Lightning.  Galen  reckons  it  amongst  the  re- 
mote causes  of  epilepsy. 

ASTRIC'TION,  Astric'tio,  Stypsis,  Adstric'tio, 
Constric'tio,  from  astringere,  [ad  and  stringere,) 
'  to  constringe.'  Action  of  an  astringent  sub- 
stance on  the  animal  economy. 

ASTRICTORIA,  Astringents. 

ASTRINGENT  ROOT,  Comptonia  aspleni- 
folia. 

ASTRIN'GENTS,  Astringen'tia,  Adstricto' ria, 
Adstringen'tia,  Stryphna,  Catastal'tica,  Constrin- 
gen'tia,  Contrahen'tia,  Stegno'tica,  Syncrit'ica, 
Astricto'ria.  Same  etymon.  JMedicines  which 
have  the  property  of  constringing  the  organic 
textures.  External  astringents  are  called  Styp- 
tics. 

The  following  are  the  chief  astringents:  Aci- 
dum  Sulphuricum,  A.  Tannicum,  Alumen,  Ar- 
gent! Nitras,  Catechu,  Creasoton,  Cupri  Sulphas, 
Tinct.  Ferri  Chloridi,  Liquor  Ferri  Nitratis, 
Ferri  Sulphas,  Gallaj,  Hamatoxylon,  Kino,  Kra- 
meria,  Liquor  Calcis,  Plumbi  Acetas,  Quercus 
Alba,  Quercus  Tinctoria,  Zinci  Sulphas. 

ASTRION,  Astragalus. 

ASTRIOS,  Asteria  gemma. 

AS'TROBLES,  from  aarpov,  'a  star,'  and/JaXAu, 
'I  strike.'  One  struck  by  the  stars,  (sidera'tus.) 
One  who  is  in  a  state  of  sideration  —  in  an  apo- 
plectic state. — Gorrseus. 

ASTROBLESIA,  Astrobolismus. 

ASTROBOLIA,  Astrobolismus. 

ASTROBOLIS'MUS,  Astrobol'ia,  Astroble'sia, 
Heli'asis,  Helio'sis.  Same  etymology.  Sidera'- 
tion,  or  action  of  the  stars  on  a  person.  Apo- 
plexy.—Theophrastus,  Gorrasus. 

ASTROBOLOS,  Asteria  gemma. 

ASTROITIS,  Asteria  gemma. 

ASTROLOGER,  see  Astronomy. 

ASTROL'OGY,  Astrolog"ia,  from  aarpov,  'a 
star,'  and  \oyog,  'a,  discourse.'  The  art  of  divi- 
ning by  inspecting  the  stars.  This  was  formerly 
considered  to  be  a  part  of  medicine;  and  was 
called  .Judicial  Astrology,  to  distinguish  it  from 
astronomy. 

ASTRON'OMT,  Astronom'ia,  from  aarpov,  'a 
star,  and  vopos,  'a.  law,'  'rule.'  A  science  which 
makes  known  the  heavenly  phenomena,  and  the 
laws  that  govern  them.  Hippocrates  places  this 
and  astrology  amongst  the  necessary  studies  of 
a  physician.  In  the  earlier  English  writers, 
Astrono7ner  is  often  used  in  the  sense  of  Astro- 
loger. 

ASYSTOLIE,  from  a,  privative,  and  cvaroXri, 
'systole.  A  name  given  by  M.  Beau  to  a  period, 
in  diseases  of  the  heart,  in  which  the  systole  is 
incomplete  ;  or,  at  least,  is  insufficient  to  free  the 
ventricles  from  the  blood  in  them. 

ASTRUTHIUM,  Imperatoria. 

ASTYPHIA,  Impotence. 

ASTYSIA,  Impotence. 

ASUAR,  Myrobalanus  Indica. 

ASULCI,  Lapis  lazuli. 

ASYNODIA,  Impotence. 

ATACTOS,  Erratic. 

ATARACTAPOIE'SIA,  Ataractopoe'sia-,  from 
a,  privative,  rapaKTog,  'troubled,'  and  ttouiv,  'to 
make.'  Intrepidity,  firmness;  a  quality  of  which, 
according  to  Hippocrates,  the  physician  ought  to 
be  possessed  in  the  highest  degree. 

ATARAX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  rapa|iy, 
'trouble,'  'emotion.'  Moral  tranquillity,  peace 
of  mind. 

AT'AVISM,  Atavism'us,  from  atavus,  'an  old 
grandsire  or  ancestor  indefinitely.'  The  case  in 
which  an  anomaly  or  disease,  existing  in  a  family, 


ATAXIA 


104 


ATLAS 


is  lost  in  one  generation  and  reappears  in  the 
following. 

ATAX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ra^ts,  'order.' 
Disorder,  irregularity.  Hippocrates  employs  the 
word  in  its  most  extensive  acceptation.  Galen 
applies  it,  especially,  to  irregularity  of  pulse ; 
and  Sydenham  speaks  of  Ataxia  Spirituum  for 
disorder  of  the  nervous  system.  Ataxia,  now, 
usually  means  the  state  of  disorder  that  charac- 
terizes nervous  fevers,  and  the  nervous  condition. 

Ataxia  Spiritdum,  Nervous  diathesis.  See 
Ataxia. 

ATAX'IC,  4'«a;'?c!(s/  same  etymon.  Having 
the  characters  of  ataxia. 

ATCHAR,  A'chia,  Achar.  A  condiment  used 
in  India.  It  is  formed  of  green  fruits  of  various 
kinds  —  garlic,  ginger,  mustard,  and  pimento  — 
pickled  in  vinegar. 

ATECNIA,  Sterilitas. 

ATELECTASIS,  Atelek'tasis,  from  arc'Xvi, 
'imperfect/  'defective,'  and  tKraaiq,  'dilatation.' 
Imperfect  expansion  or  dilatation  ;  as  in 

Atelec'tasis  Pulmo'num,  Pneumonatelec'ta- 
sis,  Pneumatelec'tasis.  Imperfect  expansion  of 
the  lungs  at  birth,  giving  rise  to  Cyano'sis  pul- 
mona'lis.  A  similar  condition  is  observed  in 
lungs  which  have  received  air,  and  in  a  distinctly 
lobular  form.  This  is  regarded  by  Dr.  W.  T. 
Gairdner  as,  in  all  probability,  a  secondary  le- 
sion, and  dependent,  in  the  majority  of  instances, 
on  a  catarrhal  condition  of  the  bronchial  tubes. 
It  is  called,  by  him,  ptilmonari/  collapiie,  or  col- 
lap>se  of  the  lung,  and  has  received  the  name 
apneumnto'sis  from  Fuchs. 

AT'ELES,  areXrii,  'imperfect/  'defective.' 
Hence 

ATEL'IA,  (F.)  Atelie.  A  monstrosity  in  which 
there  is  a  want  of  some  members. 

ATELOCHEI'LIA,  from  aTc\„;,  'imperfect,' 
and  ;^£iAos,  'lip.'  A  malformation  which  consists 
in  an  imperfect  development  of  the  lip. 

ATELOENCEPHAL'IA,  from  aTt),r,i,  'imper- 
fect,' and  cyKecpaXov,  'the  encephalon.'  State  of 
imperfect  development  of  the  brain. — Andral. 

ATELOGLOS'SIA,  from  artAr,?,  'imperfect/ 
and  yXojffo-a,  'tongue.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  an  imperfect  development  of  the 
tongue. 

ATELOGNA'THIA,  from  aTtXm,  'imperfect/ 
and  yvaQoi,  'the  jaw.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  an  imperfect  development  of  the  jaw. 

ATELOMYEL'IA,  from  aTe\n?,  'imperfect,' 
and  /lutAof,  'marrow.'  State  of  imperfect  deve- 
lopment of  the  spinal  marrow. — Beelard. 

ATELOPROSO'PIA,  from  arcA;??,  'imperfect,' 
and  -irpoaoirrov,  'the  face.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  imperfect  development  of  the  face. 

ATELORACHIDIA,  Hydrorachis. 

ATELOSTOM'IA,  from  aTe)<ns,  'imperfect,' 
and  BTona,  'mouth.'  One  whose  mouth  is  im- 
perfectly developed. 

ATER  SUCCUS,  Atrabilis. 

ATHAMAN'TA,  from  Athamas,  a  place  in 
Thessaly.     A  genus  of  plants. 

Athamanta  Annua,  A.  Cretensis. 

ATHAAfAN'TA  Aureoseli'num,  OreoseWnum, 
0.  legit'imum  seu  nigrum,  Seli'nwn  oreoseli' num., 
Peaced'aiuim  oreoseli'vum,  Apiiitn  monta'num, 
Black  Ifountain  Parsley,  (F.)  Persil  de  Mon- 
tague;  Occf.  Umbelliferse.  The  plant,  seed,  and 
roots,  are  aromatic.  It  has  been  considered 
attennant,  aperient,  deobstruent,  and  lithontriptic. 
The  distilled  oil  has  been  used  in  toothache. 

Athaman'ta  Creten'sis  seu  Cre'tica,  A.  an'- 
nna,  Libniio'tis  annua  seu  Creten'sin  seu  hirsu'ta, 
Daucus  Creticus  seu  Candia'nufi,  3fyrrhis  an'nua, 
Candy  Carrot.     The  seeds  of  this  plant  are  acrid 


and  aromatic.  They  have  been  used  as  carmina- 
tives and  diuretics. 

Athamanta  Macedonica,  Bubon  Macedoni- 
cum — a.  Meum,  j3]lthusa  meum. 

ATHANASIA,  Tanacetum. 

Athana'sia,  from  a,  privative,  and  ^avuTOi, 
'death.'  An  antidote  for  diseases  of  the  liver, 
jaundice,  gravel,  &c.  It  consisted  of  saffron, 
cinnamon,  lavender,  cassia,  myrrh,  juncus  odo- 
ratus,  honey,  <fcc.,  and  was  esteemed  to  be  sudo- 
rific. 

ATHARA,  Athera. 

ATHELAS'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  QriXv, 
'a  breast  or  nipple.'  Impracticability  of  giving 
suck;  from  want  of  nipple  or  otherwise. 

ATHELXIS,  Sucking. 

ATHE'NA.  Name  of  a  plaster,  recommended 
by  Asclepiades,  and  composed  of  oxide  of  copper, 
sublimed  oxide  of  zinc,  sal  ammoniac,  verdigris, 
gall  nuts,  and  a  variety  of  resinous  and  other  in- 
gredients.— Oribasius,  Aetius,  and  P.  j3ilgineta. 

ATHENIO'NIS  CATAPO'TIUM.  A  pill, 
composed  of  myrrh,  pepper,  castor,  and  opium; 
used  to  allay  coughing. — Celsus. 

ATHE'RA,  Atka'ra,  from  adrjp,  'an  ear  of 
corn.'  A  kind  of  pap  for  children;  also,  a  kind 
of  liniment. — Dioscorides,  Pliny. 

ATHERAPEUTUS,  Incurable. 

ATHERO'MA,  from  a&rjpa,  'pap  or  pulp,'  Em- 
]>hy'na  encys'tis  at'hero'ma,  3follus'eum,  Pulta'tio. 
A  tumour  formed  by  a  cyst  containing  mattei 
like  pap  or  Bouillie,  or  plaster. 

ATHEROM'ATOUS,  Atheromato'des.  Having 
the  nature  of  Atheroma. 

ATHLE'TA,  from  a^Xo;,  'combat.'  Athlete, 
(F.)  Athlete.  Athletae  were  men  who  exercised 
themselves  in  combat  at  the  public  festivals. — 
Vitruvius. 

ATHLET'IC,  Athlet'icus,  (F.)  AtUetique  ;  con- 
cerning AthletcB.  Strong  in  muscular  powers. — 
Foesius. 

ATHOL  PORRIDGE,  see  Mahogany. 

ATHORACOCEPHALUS,  Acephalogaster. 

ATHRIX,  At'richus,  Calms,  (F.)  Chauve ; 
from  a,  privative,  and  6p(f,  rpix"?,  'hair.'  Bald, 
(Sc.)  Beld,  Bellit.     One  who  has  lost  his  hair. 

Athrtx  Depilis,  Alopecfa. 

ATHYM'IA,  An'imi  defcc'tus  et  anxi'etas  sen 
demis'sio,  Tristit"ia,  McBror,  Lype,  from  a,  priv., 
and  5ii;/os, 'heart,' 'courage.'  Despondency.  The 
prostration  of  spirits  often  observable  in  the  sick. 
—  Hippocrates.  Melancholy.  —  Swediaur.  See 
Panophobia. 

Athymia  Pleonectica,  see  Pleonectica. 

ATHYRION,  Asplenium  eeterach. 

ATHYRIUM  FILIX  FGEMINA,  Asplenium 
filix  foemina — a.  Filix  mas,  Polypodium  filix  mas 
— a.  Molle,  Asplenium  filix  fcemina — a.  Ovatum, 
Asplenium  filix  fcemina — a.  Trifidum,  Asplenium 
filix  fcemina. 

ATLANTAD,  see  AtlantaL 

ATLAN'TAL ;  same  etymon  as  Atlas.  Rela- 
ting or  appertaining  to  the  atlas. 

Atlantal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
region  where  the  atlas  is  situated.  —  Barclay. 
Atlantad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  to  signify 
'towards  the  atlantal  aspect.' 

Atlantal  Extremities.     The  upper  limbs. 

ATLANTION,  Atlas. 

ATLAS,  Atlan'tion,  Astrag'alus,  from  arXau), 
'  I  sustain.'  The  first  cervical  ver'tebra ;  so 
called  from  its  supporting  the  whole  weight  of 
the  head,  as  Atlas  is  said  to  have  supported  the 
globe  on  his  shoulders.  Chaussier  calls  it  At- 
lo'ide.  This  vertebra  in  no  respect  resembles  the 
others.  It  is  a  kind  of  irregular  ring,  into  which, 
anteriorly,  the  processus  dentatus  of  the  second 
vertebra  is  received.  Posteriorly,  it  gives  pas- 
sage to  the  medulla  spinalis. 


ATLODIDYMUS 


10; 


ATRIPLEX  FGETIDA 


ATLODID'TMUS,  Adod't/mus,  (F.)  Atlodyme; 
from  Atlas,  'the  first  bone  of  the  neck,'  and 
Si&vfioq,  'a  twin.'  A  monster  which  is  simple 
below  and  double  above.  M.  Isid.  Geoffroy 
Saint-Hilaire  applies  this  term  to  a  monster, 
which  has  a  single  body,  with  two  distinct  heads 
supported  on  one  neck. 

ATLO'iDE,  Atlas. 

A.  T  L  0 1 D  '  0  -  AXOID,  (F.)  Atlo-nlo-axoidien. 
Relating  to  both  the  Atlas  and  the  Axis  or  Ver- 
tebra Dentata. 

Atloido-axoid  ARTictTLATioN.  The  articula- 
tion between  the  first  two  cervical  vertebrae. 

Atloido-axoid  Lig'aments.  These  are  two 
in  number;  one  anterior  and  another  posterior, 
passing  between  the  two  vertebriie. 

ATLOID'O-OCCIP'ITAL.  Relating  to  the 
atlas  and  occiput.  The  Atloido-occip' itrd  Arti- 
cula'tion  is  formed  by  the  condyles  of  the  occi- 
pital bone  and  the  superior  articular  surfaces  of 
the  Atlas.  The  Atloido-occipital  muscle  is  the 
Rectus  capitis  posticus  minor. 

A TL O'lDO-SO US-MASTO'tDIEN,  Obliquus 
superior  oculi — a.  Sous-occipitale,  Rectus  capitis 
lateralis. 

ATMIATRI'A,  Atmidiat' rice,  from  ar/^os,  'va- 
pour,' and  tarpeia,  'treatment.'  Treatment  of 
diseases  by  fumigation. 

ATMIDIATRICE,  Atmiatria. 

ATMISTERION,  Vaporarium. 

ATMOS,  Breath. 

AT'MOSPHERE,  Atmosphee'ra,  from  ur„og, 
'vapour,'  and  (jcpaipa,  'a  sphere;' — as  it  were. 
Sphere  of  vajwurs.-  The  atmosphere  is  a  sphe- 
rical mass  of  air,  surrounding  the  earth  in  every 
part;  the  height  of  which  is  estimated  at  15  or 
16  leagues.  It  presses  on  the  surface  of  the 
earth,  and  this  pressure  has,  necessarily,  sensible 
effects  on  organized  bodies.  The  surface  of  the 
human  body  being  reckoned  at  l.")  square  feet,  it 
is  computed  that  a  pressure  of  33,000  pounds  or 
more  exists  under  ordinary  circumstances;  and 
this  pressure  cannot  be  increased  or  diminished 
materially,  without  modifying  the  circulation  and 
all  the  functions. 

ATMOSPHERIZATION,  Hajmatosis. 

ATOCIA,  Sterilitas. 

ATOL'MIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ro>ija,  'confi- 
dence.' Want  of  confidence;  discouragement. 
A  state  of  mind  unfavorable  to  health,  and  in- 
jurious in  disease.  It  is  the  antithesis  of  Eu- 
tol'mia. 

ATOMY,  Skeleton. 

ATONIA,  Atony— a.  Ventriculi,  Gasterasthe- 
nia. 

AT'ONIC,  Aton'icus,  (F.)  Atonique.  Wanting 
tone.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Also,  a  medi- 
cine capable  of  allaying  organic  excitement  or 
irritation. — Schwilgue. 

AT'ONY,  Aton'ia,  Infir'mitas  et  Remin'sio  vi'- 
rium,  Languor,  Lax'ita-i,  from  a,  priv.,  and  rovug, 
'tone,'  'force.'  Want  of  tone.  Weakness  of 
every  organ,  and  particularly  of  those  that  are 
contractile.  Violent  gastritis  has  been  described 
by  Scribonius  Largus  under  a  similar  name, 
A.TOVOV,  At'onon. 

ATRABIL'IARY,  Atrahil'ious,  Atmhilia'ris, 
Atrahilio'sns,  (F.)  Atrabilnire,  Atrahileux,  from 
ater,  'black,'  and  hilis,  'bile.'  An  epithet  given 
by  the  ancients  to  the  melancholic  and  hypo- 
chondriac, because  they  believed  the  Atrabilis 
to  predominate  in  such. 

Atrabiliary  Capsoles,  Arteries  and  Vetn-s. 
The  renal  capsules,  arteries  and  veins  :  the  for- 
mation of  Atrabilis  having  been  attributed  to 
them. 

ATRABI'LIS,  same  etymon,  .^«er  succvp, 
Black  Bile   or  melancholi/,   (F.)   Atrahile.     Ac- 


cording to  the  ancients,  a  thick,  black,  acrid 
humour,  secreted,  in  the  opinion  of  some,  by  the 
pancreas;  in  that  of  others,  by  the  supra-renal 
capsules.  Hippocrates,  Galen,  Aetius,  and  others, 
ascribe  great  influence  to  the  Atrabilis  in  the 
production  of  hypochondriasis,  melancholy,  and 
mania.  There  is  really  no  such  humour.  It 
was  an  imaginary  creation. — AretEeus,  Rufus  of 
Ephesus,  &c. 

ATRACHE'LOCEPH'ALUS,  from  a,  priv., 
Tpa^rjXog,  'neck,'  and  Ke(pa\ri,  'head.'  A  monster 
whose  neck  is  partially  or  wholly  deficient. 

ATRACHE'LUS.  Same  etymon.  One  who  is 
very  short-necked. — Galen. 

ATRAC'TYLIS  GUMMIF'ERA,  Cnr'dnus 
pi'neiis,  Ixi'ne,  Gwnmy-rooted  Atractylis,  Pine 
Thistle.  Ord.  Compositse.  The  root,  when 
wounded,  yields  a  milky,  viscid  juice,  which 
concretes  into  tenacious  masses,  and  is  said  to 
be  chewed  with  the  same  views  as  mastich. 

ATRAGENE,  Clematis  vitalba. 

ATRAMEN'TUM,  A.  Suto'rium,  Tnh,  Chalcan'- 
thum,  (F.)  Encre.  It  has  been  advised  as  an  as- 
tringent, and  as  an  external  application  in  her- 
petic affections. 

Atramentum  Sutoridii,  Ferri  sulphas. 

ATRE'SIA,  (F.)  Atrisic,  Adherence,  Imperfo- 
ration.     Same  etymon  as  Atretus.     See  Monster. 

Atre'sia  Ani  Adna'ta,  Anas  Imperfora'tus, 
Imperfora'tio  ani,  Atretocys'ia,  (F.)  Imperfora- 
tion  de  I'anus.  Congenital  imperforation  of  the 
intestinal  cnnal. 

ATRETELYTRIA,  Colpatresia. 

ATRETISMUS,  Imperforation. 

ATRETOCEPH'ALUS,  from  arpnTog,  'imper- 
forate,' and  K£<paXr],  'head.'  A  monster,  in  which 
some  of  the  natural  apertures  of  the  head  are 
wanting. — Gurlt. 

ATRETOCOR'MUS,  from  arp^rog,  'imperfo- 
rate, and  Koppog,  'trunk.'  A  monster  in  which 
the  natural  apertures  of  the  trunk  are  wanting. — 
Gurlt. 

ATRETOCYSIA,  Atresia  ani. 

ATRETOMETRIA,  Hysteratresia. 

ATRETOPSIA,  Coreclisis. 

ATRETOSTOM'IA,  from  arprirog,  'imperfo- 
rate,' and  oTOjia,  'mouth.'  Imperforation  of  the 
mouth. 

ATRETURE'THRIA,  from  arpriTog,  'imperfo- 
rate,' and  ovpnOfia,  'urethra.'  Imperforation  of 
the  urethra. 

ATRE'TUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Tpaio,  '1  per- 
forate.' Imperfora'tus,  Imper'forate.  One  whoso 
anus,  or  parts  of  generation,  are  imperforate 
{a2yroc'tus). 

ATRIA,  Auricles  of  the  heart  —  a.  Mortis,  seo 
Death. 

AT'RICES.  Small  tumours,  which  appear  oc- 
casionally around  the  anus.  Some  commentators 
consider  the  word  to  be  synonymous  with  con- 
dylomata.—Forestus. 

ATRICHIA,  Alopecia — a.  Adnata,  see  Alope- 
cia— a.  Senilis,  see  Alopecia. 

ATRICHUS,  Athris. 

AT'RICI.  Small  sinuses  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
anus,  not  penetrating  the  rectum. 

ATRIO-VENTRICULAR,  Auriculo-ventricu- 
lar. 

ATRIPLEX  FCETID A,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

Atriplex  Horten'sis,  A.  Sati'vn,  (F.)  Ar- 
roche,  Bonne  Dame,  FoUette.  Ord.  Chenopodiii- 
ceaB.  The  herb  and  seed  of  this  plant  have  been 
exhibited  as  antiscorbutics. 

At'riplex  al'iniHS,  A.  Portulaco'i'des,  and  A. 
Pat'ula,  are  used  as  pickles,  and  have  similar 
properties. 

Atriplex  Laciniata,  A.  patula — a.  Mexicana, 
Chenopodium  ambrosoides  —  a.  Odorata,  Cheno- 
podium botrys — a.  Olida,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 


ATRIUxM  CORDIS  DEXTER 


106 


ATTRITION 


Atriplex  Pat'uia,  A.  lacima'ta  seu  Piir- 
shia'na,  Spreading  Orache;  indigenous;  Family, 
ChenopodiaceEB.  The  expressed  juice  is  said  to 
be  cathartic.  It  has  been  used,  in  place  of  gam- 
boge, in  dropsy  and  asthma. 

Athiplex  Pukshiana,  A.  patula. 

ATRIUM  CORDIS  DEXTER,  Sinus  dexter 
cordis  —  a.  Cordis  sinistrum,  Sinus  pulmonalis  — 
a.  Vaginae,  Vestibulum. 

AT'ROPA,  from  Arporcog,  'immutable,'  'the 
goddess  of  destiny ;'  so  called  from  its  fatal 
effects. 

Atropa  Bblladon'na,  Belladon'na,  B.  hac- 
cif'era  seu  trichot'oma,  Deadly  Nightshade,  Oom- 
IDion  Dioale,  (Sc.)  Mekilwort,  Sola'iuim  letha'le 
seu  horten'se  nigrum,  Sola'num  mani'aciim  seu 
/urio'snm  seu  melanocer' asua,  (F.)  Bvlladone, 
Morelle  farieuse,  Belle  Dame.  Ord.  Solanaceae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  leaves — 
Belladonna  (Ph.  U.  S.) — are  powerfully  narcotic, 
and  also  diaphoretic,  and  diuretic.  They  are 
occasionally  used  where  narcotics  are  indicated. 
Sprinkling  the  powdered  leaves  over  cancerous 
sores  has  been  found  to  allay  the  pain ;  and  the 
leaves  form  a  good  poultice.  Dose,  gr.  ^  to  gr.  j 
of  the  powdered  leaves. 

Atropa  Mandrag'ora,  Mandrog'ora,  M.  ver- 
na'lis  seu  ojflcina'lis  seu  aeati'lis,  Circce'a,  Anthro- 
pomorph'iis,  Malum  terres'tre,  Ilandrake.  The 
boiled  root  has  been  used  in  the  form  of  poultice 
to  indolent  swellings. 

ATROPHIA,  Atrophy,  Tabes  — a.  Ablactato- 
runi.  Brash,  weaning — a.  Cerebri,  Phrenatrophia 
— a.  Cordis,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the — a.  Glandula- 
ris, Tabes  mesenterica  —  a.  Hepatis,  Hepatatro- 
phia — a.  Infantum,  Paedatrophia,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica— a.  Intestinorum,  Enteratrophia. 

Atrophia  Lactan'tium,  Tahea  nutri'cum  seu 
lac'tea.     The  atrophy  of  nursing  women. 

Atrophia  Lienis,  Splenatrophia  —  a.  Mesen- 
terica, Tabes  mesenterica — a.  Testiculi,  Orchida- 
trophia — a.  Unguium,  Onychatrophia. 

A  TR  OP  HIE,  Atrophy — a.  3Iesenterique,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

ATE  OP  HIE  3WSCULAIRE  PROGRES- 
SIVE, Paralysie  muaculaire  atrophique,  Atrophie 
musculaire  primitive  ou  idiopathique  ou  avec 
transformation  graisseuse.  A  rare  malady,  in 
which  the  muscles  become  so  greatly  atrophied 
that  they  cannot  perform  their  functions. 

ATROPHIED,  see  Atrophy. 

AT'ROPHY,  Maras'mus  Atro'phia,  Atro'phia 
Maras'mus,  llaran'sis,  3Ia'cies,  Cotitabescen'tia, 
Tabes,  Marco'res,  Analo'sia,  from  a,  privative, 
and  rpofri,  'nourishment.'  (P.)  Atrophie,  Des- 
sechement.  Defective  nutrition,  Hijpot'rop)hy.  Pro- 
gressive and  morbid  diminution  in  the  bulk  of 
the  whole  body  or  of  a  part.  Atrophy  is  gene- 
rally symptomatic.  Any  tissue  or  organ  thui 
affected  is  said  to  be  at' rophied. 

Atrophy  op  the  Heart,  see  Heart,  atrophy 
of  the. 

ATROPIA,  Atropine — a.  Sulphate  of,  Atropine 
sulphas. 

ATROP'I^  SULPHAS,  Sulphate  of  Atrop'ia 
(Ph.  L.).  Formed  by  dissolving  atropia  in  dilute 
sidphuric  acid;  evaporating,  and  crystallizing. 
Virtues,  the  same  as  those  of  Atropia. 

AT'ROPINE,  Atropi'na,  Atrop'ia,  Atrop'ium, 
Atropi'num,  Belladon'nin,  (F.)  Atropine.  The 
active  principle  of  Atropia  Belladonna,  separated 
by  Brandes,  by  a  process  similar  to  that  for  pro- 
curing morphia.  A  single  drop  of  a  solution,  of 
one  grain  in  f^iv  of  distilled  water  with  a 
few  drops  of  acetic  acid,  applied  to  the  inner 
surface  of  the  lower  eyelid,  causes  dilatation  of 
the  pupil,  in  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes.  A  grain 
to  a  drachm  of  lard  is  an  application  in  neu- 
ralgia. 


ATTACHE,  Insertion. 

ATTACK,  Insid'tus,  Assul'tus,  Irrep'tio,  Inva'- 
sio,  Eis'bole,  Lepsis,  (Prov.)  Take,  (F.)  Attaque. 
A  sudden  attack,  invasion  or  onset  of  a  disease. 
A  seizure.  One  attacked  or  affected  with  severe 
disease  is  often  said,  in  the  United  States,  to  be 
"taken  dotcn,"  or  to  be  "  doton"  with  it. 

ATTAGAS,  Attagen. 

AT'TAGEN,  At'tagas,  the  Fran'eolin.  Cele- 
brated with  the  ancients  both  as  food  and  medi- 
cine.— ^Martial,  Aristophanes. 

ATTANCOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  mineral  water  in  France,  at  Attancourt,  in 
Champagne  ;  about  three  leagues  north  of  Join- 
ville.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate,  and  contains 
sulphate  of  lime.     In  large  doses  it  is  purgative. 

ATTAQUE,  Attack  — a.  des  Nerfs,  Nervous 
attack. 

ATTAR  OF  ROSES,  see  Rosa  centifolia. 

ATTELLE,  Splint. 

ATTENOTING,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
in  Bavaria.  The  water  contains  carbonic  acid, 
carbonates  of  lime  and  soda,  sulphates  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  chloride  of  sodium,  iron  and  alum. 
It  is  much  used  in  skin  diseases,  fistula,  old  ul- 
cers, calculi,  and  hajmorrhoids. 

ATTEN'UANTS,  Attenuan'tia,  Le2:>tun'tica, 
(F.)  Attenuants,  Lepitontiques,  from  tenuis,  '  thin.' 
Medicines  which  augment  the  fluidity  of  the 
humours. 

ATTENUA'TION,  Attenva'tio;  same  etymon. 
Thinness,  emaciation.  A  term  used  by  the  ho- 
mceopathists,  in  the  sense  of  dilution  or  division 
of  remedies  into  infinitesimal  doses. 

AT TI RANT,  Attrahent. 

AT'TITUDE,  Situs  Cor'poris.  Low  Latin, 
optitudo ;  from  Latin  aptare,  'to  fit.'  Situation, 
position  of  the  body.  The  attitudes  are  the  dif- 
ferent postures  which  man  is  capable  of  assum- 
ing. In  General  Pathology,  the  attitude  will 
often  enable  the  physician  to  pronounce  at  once 
upon  the  character  of  a  disease,  or  it  will  aid  him 
materially  in  his  judgment.  In  St.  Vitus's  dance, 
in  fractures,  luxations,  &c.,  it  is  the  great  index. 
It  will  also  indicate  the  degree  of  nervous  or 
cerebral  power;  hence  sinking  down  in  bed  is 
an  evidence  of  great  cerebral  debility  in  fever. 
The  position  of  a  patient  during  an  operation  is 
also  an  interesting  subject  of  attention  to  the 
surgeon. 

ATTOL'LENS  AUREM,  A.  Auric'ula,  Leva'- 
tor  Amis,  Supe'rior  Auris,  Attol'lena  Auric' ulam, 
Auricula'ria  supe'rior,  (F.)  Auricidaire  auperieur, 
Temporo-auriculaire.  A  muscle  of  the  ear,  which 
arises,  thin,  broad,  and  tendinous,  from  the 
I  tendon  of  the  occipito-frontalis,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  upper  part  of  the  ear,  opposite  to  the 
anti-helix.     It  raises  the  ear. 

Attollens  Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi  —  a. 
Oculum,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

ATTOUCHEMEJVT,  Masturbation. 

ATTRACTION  OF  AGGREGATION,  Cohe- 
sion,  force  of. 

ATTRACTIVUM,  see  Magnet. 

ATTRACTIVUS,  Attrahent. 

ATTRACTORIUS,  Attrahent. 

ATTRAHENS  AURICULAM,  Anterior  auris. 

AT'TRAHENT,  At'trahens,  Attracti'vHS,  At- 
tracto'rius,  from  ad,  'to,'  and  traho,  'I  draw.' 
(F.)  Attractif,  Attirant.  Remedies  are  so  called, 
which  attract  fluids  to  the  parts  to  which  they 
are  applied,  as  blisters,  rubefacients,  &c. 

ATTRAPE-LOURDAUT  (F.).  A  bistoury 
invented  by  a  French  surgeon,  called  Biennaise, 
and  used  in  the  operation  for  hernia.  See  Bis- 
touri  cache. 

ATTRITA,  Chafing. 

ATTRITIO,  Attrition,  Chafing. 

ATTRIT"ION,   AttrV'tio,    Ecthlim'ma,    from 


ATTRITUS 


107 


AURANTIUM 


ad,  and  terere,  '  to  Lruise.'  Friction  or  bruising. 
Chafing. — Galen.  Also,  a  kind  of  eardialgia. — 
Sennertus.     Likewise,  a  violent  contusion. 

ATTRITUS,  Chafing. 

ATYP'IC,  Atyp'icus,  At'ypos,  (F.)  Atypique, 
from  a,  privative,  and  tuttos,  'type.'  That  which 
has  no  type.  Irregular.  Chiefly  applied  to  an 
irregular  intermittent, — Fehris  atyp'ica, 

ATYPOS,  Erratic. 

AUANSIS,  Drying. 

AtJAN'TE,  Anap'se,  from  avavai^,  'desicca- 
tion.' Hippocrates  gave  this  name  to  a  disease, 
the  principal  symptom  of  which  was  emaciation. 
Atrophy. 

AUBE-VIGNE,  Clematis  vitalba. 

AUBEPINE,  Mespilus  oxyaeantha. 

AUBERGINE,  Solanum  Melongena. 

AUBIFOIN,  Centaurea  cyanus,  Cyanus  sege- 
tum. 

AUCHEN,  Collum. 

AUCHENORRHEUMA,  Torticollis. 

AUCHE'TICUS,  from  avxw,  'the  neck.'  One 
affected  with  stiff  neck  or  torticollis. 

AUCTUMNUS,  Autumn. 

AUDE,  Voice. 

AUDINAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Au- 
dinao  is  situate  in  the  department  of  Arriege, 
France.  The  water  contains  a  small  quantity 
of  sulphohydric  acid,  carbonic  acid,  sulphates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  carbonates  of  lime  and  iron, 
and  a  bituminous  substance.  Temp.  67°  Fahr. 
It  is  much  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  herpes, 
scrofulous  diseases,  &c. 

AUDiriF,  Auditory. 

AUDIT"IOISr,  from  audire,  auditum,  'tohear ;' 
Aud{t"io,  Audi'tuf,  A'coe,  Acoe'sis,  Acu'sis,  (F.) 
Otne,  Hearing.  The  act  of  hearing.  The  sen- 
sation arising  from  an  impression  made  on  the 
auditory  nerves  by  the  vibrations  of  the  air,  pro- 
duced by  a  sonorous  body.  The  physiology  of 
Audition  is  obscure.     It  probably  takes  place : — 

1.  By  the  vibrations  being  communicated  from 
the  membrana  tympani  along  the  chain  of  small 
bones  to  the  membrane   of  the  foramen  ovale. 

2.  By  means  of  the  air  in  the  cavity  of  the  tym- 
panum, the  membrane  of  the  foramen  rotundum 
is  agitated.  3.  The  transmission  may  be  made 
by  means  of  the  bony  parietes.  In  these  three 
ways  the  vibrations  produced  by  a  sonorous  body 
may  reach  the  auditory  nerve.  Audition  may  be 
active  or  ]iassrve  :  hence  the  difference  between 
listening  and  simply  hearing. 

AU'DITORY,  Audita' rius,  Atiditi'vus,  Aexis'- 
ticus,  (F.)  Auditif.  That  which  relates  to  audi- 
tion. 

Auditory  Arteries  and  Veins,  are  vessels 
which  enter  the  auditory  canals,  and  are,  like 
them,  distinguished  into  internal  and  external. 
The  external  auditory  artery,  A.  Tympanique — 
(Ch.)  is  given  off  by  the  styloid,  a  branch  of  the 
external  carotid:  the  internal  is  a  branch  of  the 
basilary  artery,  which  accompanies  the  auditory 
nerve,  and  is  distributed  to  it.  The  Auditory 
Veins  empty  into  the  internal  and  external  ju- 
gulars. 

Auditory  Canal,  External,  llea'tus  audito'- 
rius  exter'mis,  Alvea'rium,  Scapha,  Seaphus,  (F.) 
Conduit  auditif  externe,  Conduit  a-urieulaire, 
commences  at  the  bottom  of  the  concha,  at  the 
Fora'men  attditi'vum  exter'num,  passes  inwards, 
forwards,  and  a  little  downwards,  and  terminates 
at  the  membrana  tympani.  It  is  partly  cartila- 
ginous, partly  osseous,  and  partly  fibrous. 

Auditory  Canal,  Internal,  Mea'tua  audito'- 
rius  inter'nus,  Porus  seu  Sinus  acus'ticus,  Cyar, 
(F.)  Conduit  auditif  interne,  G.  lahyrinthique,  is 
situate  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  pars  pe- 
trosa  of  the  temporal  bone.  From  the  Fora'?nen 
auditi'vum   inter'num,    where   it   commences,    it 


passes  forwards  and  outwards,  and  terminates 
by  a  kind  of  cul-de-sac,  rnac'ula  cribro'sa,  perfo- 
rated by  many  holes,  one  of  which  is  the  orifice 
of  the  Aquseductus  Fallopii;  and  the  others  com- 
municate with  the  labyrinth. 

Auditory  Nerve,  Nervals  audito'rius  seu  acus'- 
ticus, Nerf  lahyrinthique — (Ch.),  is  the  Fortio 
Mollis  of  the  seventh  pair.  It  arises  from  the 
corpus  restiforme,  from  the  floor  of  the  fourth 
ventricle,  and  by  means  of  whit€  striae  from  the 
sides  of  the  calamus  scriptorius.  As  it  leaves  the 
encephalon,  it  forms  a  flattened  cord,  and  pro- 
ceeds with  the  facial  nerve  through  the  foramen 
auditivum  internum,  and  as  far  as  the  bottom  of 
the  meatus,  where  it  separates  from  the  facial, 
and  divides  into  two  branches,  one  going  to  the 
cochlea,  the  cochlear  j-  the  other  to  the  vestibule 
and  semi-circular  canals,  the  vestibular. 

AUGE,  Al'veus.  Some  of  the  older  anatomists 
gave  this  name  to  a  reservoir,  into  which  liquids 
flow  in  an  interrupted  manner,  so  that  it  is  alter- 
nately full  and  empty.  Such  are  the  ventricles 
and  auricles  of  the  heart. 

AUGGERE,  Intermittent  Fever. 

AUGMENTA'TION,  from  augere,  auctum,  'to 
increase;'  Augmen'ium,  Incremen'tum,  Anab'asis, 
Auc'tio,  Auxis,  Progres'sio,  Progres'sms,  Auxe'- 
sis,  (F.)  Augment.  The  stage  of  a  disease  in 
which  the  symptoms  go  on  increasing. 

AULISCUS,  Canula.     See  Fistula. 

AULOS,  Canula,  Fistula.  See  Vagina,  and 
Foramen. 

AUMALE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Au- 
male  is  a  town  of  Upper  Normandy,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Caux.  Several  springs  of  ferruginous 
mineral  waters  are  found  there,  whose  odour  is 
penetrating,  and  taste  rough  and  astringent. 
They  are  tonic,  and  employed  in  debilitj'  of  the 
viscera,  &c. 

AUMURE,  Parietaria. 

AUNE^  NOIRE,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

AUNEE,  Inula  helenium  —  a.  Bysenteriqne, 
Inula  dysenterica — a.  Officinale,  Inula  helenium. 

AURA,  Pnoe.  A  vapour  or  emanation  from 
any  body,  surrounding  it  like  an  atmosphere. 
Van  Helmont  regarded  the  vital  principle  as  a 
gas  and  volatile  spirit,  which  he  called  Aura 
vitalis. 

In  Pathology,  Aura  means  the  sensation  of  a 
light  vapour,  which,  in  some  diseases,  appears 
to  set  out  from  the  trunk  or  limbs  ;  and  to  rise 
towards  the  head.  This  feeling  has  been  found 
to  precede  attacks  of  epilepsy  and  hysteria,  and 
hence  it  has  been  called  Aura  Epilep'tica,  and 
A.  hyster'ica. 

Aura  Epileptica,  see  Aura — a.  Hysterica,  see 
Aura. 

Aura  San'guinis.  The  odour  exhaled  by  blood 
newly  drawn.     See  Gaz  Sanguinis. 

Aura  Sem'inis,  A.  semina'lis,  Spir'itus  geni- 
ta'lis  : — A  volatile  principle  fancied  to  exist  in 
the  sperm,  and  regarded  by  some  as  the  fecun- 
dating agent.     Such  is  not  the  case. 

Aura  Vitalis,  Vital  principle. 

AURAL  MEDICINE  AND  SURGERY, 
Otiatria. 

AURANCUM,  see  Ovum. 

A  URANITE,  see  Agaric. 

AURAN'TIA  CURASSAVEN'TIA,  A.  Curas- 
sav'ica,  Curasso'a  apples  or  oranges.  Immature 
oranges,  checked,  by  accident,  in  their  growth. 
They  are  a  grateful,  aromatic  bitter,  devoid  of 
acidity.  Infused  in  wine  or  brandy  they  make  a 
good  stomachic.  They  are  also  used  for  issue 
peas.     See  Citrus  aurantium. 

AURANTII  CORTEX,  see  Citrus  aurantium 
— a.  Floris  Aqua,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

AURANTIUM,  Citrus  aurantium. 


AURELIANA   CANADENSIS      108 


AUTEMESIA 


AURELIANA  CANADENSIS,  Panax  quin- 
quefolium. 

AUREOLA,  Areola. 

AURI  CHLORETUM  CUM  CHLORETO 
NATRII,  see  Gold— a.  Chloridum,  Gold,  muriate 
of — a.  Chloretum,  Gold,  muriate  of — a.  Cyanidum, 
see  Gold — a.  Cyanuretum,  see  Gold — a.  lodidum, 
see  Gold  —  a.  loduretum,  see  Gold  —  a.  et  Natri 
chloruretum,  see  Gold — a.  Murias,  Gold,  muriate 
of — a.  Nitro-murias,  see  Gold  —  a.  Oxidum,  see 
Gold  —  a.  Terchloridum,  see  Gold  —  a.  Tercyani- 
dum,  see  Gold — a.  Teroxidum,  see  Gold. 

AURICHALCUM,  Brass. 

AURICLE,  Auric'ula,  (F.)  Aurieule,  Oricule. 
Diminutive  of  aun's,  an  ear.  The  pavilion  of 
the  ear.     See  Pavilion. 

Auricles  op  the  Heart,  Auric'ula,  A'tria, 
Cavita'tes  innomina'tcB,  (F.)  Ofeillettes,  are  two 
cavities,  one  right,  the  other  left,  each  communi- 
cating with  the  ventricle  of  its  side.  These  two 
cavities  receive  the  blood  from  every  part  of  the 
body.  Into  the  right  auricle,  the  two  vente  cavee 
and  coronary  vein  open:  into  the  left,  the  four 
pulmonary  veins.  Chaussier  calls  the  former  the 
Sinus  of  the  VencB  Oaves:  —  the  latter,  the  Sinus 
of  the  Pulmonary  Veins.  The  foliated  or  dog's 
ear  portion  of  each  auricle  is  called  Appen'dix 
auric' ulcB.     See  Sinus. 

Auricula  Jud^,  Peziza  auricula  —  a.  Muris, 
Hieracium  Pilosella — a.  Muris  major,  Hieraeium 
murorum. 

AURICULAIRE,  Auricular,  see  Digitus  — a. 
Posterieur,  Pwetrahens  auris — a.  Superieur,  Attol- 
lens  aurem. 

AURICULAR,  Auricula' ris,  Oric'ular,  (F.) 
Auriculaire,  from  auricula,  'the  ear.'  That 
which  belongs  to  the  ear,  especially  to  the  ex- 
ternal ear. 

AuRic'uLAR  Ar'teries  and  Veins,  Orieu- 
laires — (Ch.),  are  divided  into  anterior  and  pos- 
terior. The  anterior  are  of  indeterminate  num- 
ber. They  arise  from  the  temporal  artery,  and 
are  distributed  to  the  meatus  auditorius  externus, 
and  to  the  pavilion  of  the  ear.  The  iMsterior 
auricular  is  given  off  by  the  external  carotid, 
from  which  it  separates  in  the  substance  of  the 
parotid  gland.  When  it  reaches  the  inferior  part 
of  the  pavilion  of  the  ear  it  bifurcates;  one  of  its 
branches  being  distributed  to  the  inner  surface 
of  the  pavilion,  the  other  passing  over  the  mas- 
toid process,  and  being  distributed  to  the  tempo- 
ral and  posterior  auris  muscles,  &e.  Before  its 
bifurcation  it  gives  off  the  stylo-masfoid  artery. 
The  Anterior  and  Posterior  Auricular  Veins  open 
into  the  temporal  and  external  jugular. 

Auricular  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt  aurictdaire,  is 
the  little  finger,  so  called  because,  owing  to  its 
size,  it  can  be  more  readily  introduced  into  the 
meatus  auditorius. 

Auricular  Nerves  are  several.  1.  The  au- 
ricular branch,  Zygomato-auricular,  is  one  of 
the  ascending  branches  of  the  cervical  plexus. 
It  ramifies  and  spreads  over  the  two  surfaces  of 
the  pavilion.  2.  The  auricular  or  superficial 
tempioral,  Temporal-cutaneous — (Ch.),  is  given  off 
from  the  inferior  maxillary.  It  ascends  between 
the  condyle  of  the  jaw  and  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus,  sends  numerous  filaments  to  the  meatus 
and  pavilion,  and  divides  into  two  twigs,  which 
accompany  the  branches  of  the  temporal  artery, 
and  are  distributed  to  the  integuments  of  the 
head.  There  is  also  a  posterior  auricular  fur- 
nished bv  the  facial.     ■ 

AURICULARIA  SAMBUCI,  Peziza  auricula. 

AURICULARIS  anterior,  Anterior  auris 
•^a.  Superior,  AttoUens  aurem. 

AURICULE,  Auricle,  Pavilion  of  the  ear. 

AURIC'ULO-VENTRIC'ULAR,  A'trio-ven- 
iric'ular,    A'trio-ventricula'ria,    Auric' ulo-ventri- 


cula'ris,  (F.)Auricido-ventriculaire.  That  which 
belongs  to  the  auricles  and  ventricles  of  the  heart. 
The  communications  between  the  auricles  and 
ventricles  are  so  called.  The  Tricuspid  and  3Ii- 
tral  Valves  are  auriculo-ventricular  valves. 

AURI'GA.  a  species  of  bandage  for  the  ribs, 
described  by  Galen.     See,  also.  Liver. 

AURIGO,  Icterus  —  a.  Neophytorum,  Icterus 
Infantum. 

AURIPIGMENTUM,  Orpiment— a.  Rubrum, 
Realgar. 

AURIS,  Ear. 

AURISCALPIUM,  Earpick. 

AURISCOP'IUM, ^u')-?'scope,  from  auris,  'the 
ear,'  and  ukottcoi,  '1  view.'  An  instrument  for 
exploring  the  ear. 

AURIST,  Otia'ter,  Otia'trus,  Ear-doctor,  Ear- 
sxirgeon ;  from  auris,  'the  ear.'  One  who  occu- 
pies himself  chiefly  with  the  diseases  of  the  ear 
and  their  treatment. 

AURIUM  FLUCTUATIO,  Bombus  — a.  Mar- 
morata.  Cerumen — a.  Sibilus,  Bombus — a.  Soni- 
tus,  Bombus — a.  Sordes,  Cerumen — a.  Susurrus, 
Bombus. 

A  U R  0  N E,  Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a.  dea 
Champs,  Artemisia  campestris  —  a.  des  Jardins, 
Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a.  JIdle,  Artemisia  abro- 
tanum. 

AURUGO,  Icterus. 

AURUM,  Gold  — a.  Chloratum,  Gold,  mu- 
riate of — a.  Chloratum  natronatum,  see  Gold — a. 
Foliatum,  Gold  leaf — a.  in  Libellis,  Gold  leaf — a. 
Leprosum,  Antimonium  —  a.  Limatum,  see  Gold 
— a.  Muriaticum,  see  Gold — a.  Muriaticum  natro- 
natum, see  Gold. 

Aunuir  Musi'vuir,  Auriim  Mosa'icum,  Sulph'- 
uret  of  Tin,  Devtosulpihuret  or  Persulphuret  of 
tin,  (Quicksilver,  tin,  sulphur,  scd  ammoniac, 
ail,  equal  parts.  The  tin  being  first  melted,  the 
quicksilver  is  poured  into  it,  and  then  the  whole 
are  ground  together,  and  sublimed  in  a  bolthead. 
The  aurum  musivum  lies  at  the  bottom.)  It  is 
used  in  some  empirical  preparations. 

AuBDM  OxYDATUJi,  See  Gold — a.  Oxydulatum 
muriaticum.  Gold,  muriate  of — a.  Nitro-muriati- 
cum,  see  Gold — a.  Salitum,  Gold,  muriate  of. 

AUS'CULTATE,  from  auseultare,  'to  listen.' 
To  practise  auscultation.  'To  auseult'  is  at  times 
used  with  the  same  signification. 

AUSCULTA'TION,  Auscidta'tio,  Echos'cope, 
act  of  listening.  Buisson  has  used  it  synony- 
mously with  listening.  Laennec  introduced  aus- 
cultation to  appreciate  the  different  sounds  which 
can  be  heard  in  the  chest,  and  in  the  diagnosis 
of  diseases  of  the  heart,  lungs,  &c.  This  may 
be  done  by  the  aid  of  an  instrument  called  a  ste- 
thoscope, one  extremity  of  which  is  applied  to  the 
ear,  th«  other  to  the  chest  of  the  patient.  This 
mode  of  examination  is  called  3Iediate  Ausculta- 
tion, (F.)  Auscultation  mediate, — the  application 
of  the  ear  to  the  chest  being  immediate  ausculta- 
tion. 

The  act  of  exploring  the  chest  is  called  Stetho- 
sco^j'ia,  and  Thoracoscop'ia ;  of  the  abdomen, 
Ahdominoscoj^'ia. 

AUSCUL'TATORT,  Auscultato'rius  ;  Aus'eul- 
tory,  Auscul' tic,  (with  some.)  Belonging  or  hav- 
ing relation  to  auscultation. 

Ausccltatory  Percussion,  see  Acouophonia. 

AUSTERE',  Auste'rus.  Substances  which  pro- 
duce a  high  degree  of  acerb  impression  on  the 
organs  of  taste. 

AUSTRUCHE,  Imperatoria. 

AUTALGIA  DOLOROSA,  Neuralgia,  facial, 
Pleurodynia — a.  Pruriginosa,  Itching — a.  Vertigo, 
Vertigo. 

AUTARCI'A,  from  avroj,  'himself,' and  apKi^ca, 
'I  am  satisfied.'     Moral  tranquillity. — Galen. 

AUTEMES'IA,  from  avros,  'self,'  and  tutais, 


AUTEMPRESMUS 


109 


AVENA 


'  vomiting.'    Spontaneous  or  idiopathic  vomiting. 
— Alibert. 

AUTEMPRESMUS,  Combustion,  human. 

AUTHE'MERON.  A  medicine  which  cures 
on  the  day  of  its  exhibition;  from  avros,  'the 
same,'  and  'ti/itpa,  '  day.' 

AUTHYGIANSIS,  Vis  medicatrix  naturae. 

AUTOCHIR,  AutocM'rus,  Suici'da,  from  avros, 
'himself,'  and  ■x^cip,  'hand.  One  who  has  com- 
mitted suicide.     A  self-murderer  or  suicide. 

AUTOCHIRIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOCINE'SIS,  3Iotus  volunta'rins,  from 
avTos,  'self,'  and  Kivrjais,  'motion.'  Voluntary 
motion. 

AUTOC'RAST,  Autoerati'a,  Antocrato'ria, 
from  avTos,  'himself,'  and  Kparog,  '  strength.'  In- 
dependent force.  Action  of  the  vital  principle, 
or  of  the  instinctive  powers,  towards  the  preser- 
vation of  the  individual.  See  Vis  Medicatrix 
Naturae.     Also,  the  vital  principle. 

AUTOCRATIA,  Autocrasy,  Vis  Medicatrix 
Naturae. 

AUTOCRATORIA,  Autocrasy— a.  Physiatrice, 
Vis  medicatrix  naturae. 

AUTOCTONIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOG"ENOUS,  from  avrog,  'self,' and  yev- 
pau),  'I  generate.'  A  term  applied  by  Mr.  Owen 
to  parts  or  elements  that  are  usually  developed 
from  distinct  and  independent  centres  ;  as  in  the 
case  of  the  different  parts  or  elements  that  form 
a  vertebra. 

AUTOGONIA,  Generation,  equivocal. 

AUTOLITHOT'OMUS,  from  avros,  '  himself,' 
XtSos,  'a  stone,'  and  refiveiv,  'to  cut.'  One  who 
operates  upon  himself  for  the  stone. 

AUTOMAT'IC,  Automat'icns,  Autom'atus,  (F.) 
Automatique,  from  avrofiaroi,  '  spontaneous.'  That 
which  acts  of  itself.  Those  movements  are  called 
a«to?unfic  which  are  executed  without  volition  : — 
involuntary  motions,  motus  automat'ici  seu  a!«- 
tom'ati  seu  involunta'rii. 

AUTOMNAL,  Autumnal. 

AUTONOM'IA,  Via  medica'trix  natu'rm.  The 
word  Autonomia  is  occasionally  employed  by  the 
French  and  Germans  for  the  peculiar  mechanism 
of  an  organized  body.  Thus,  although  indivi- 
duals of  the  same  species  may  differ  in  outward 
conformation,  their  mechanism  or  instinctive 
laws  {Autonomia)  may  be  the  same. 

AUTONYCTOBAT'IA,  Somnambulism. 

AUTOPEP'SIA.  from  avroi,  'self,'  and  TrsrTo), 
'  I  concoct.'  Self-digestion, — as  of  the  stomach 
after  death. 

AUTOPHIA,  Autopsia. 

AUTOPH'ONY,  Antopho'nia,  (F.)  AufopJwme, 
JRetentiseement  aiitophonique,  from  avros,  'self,' 
and  (pixivri,  '  voice.'  An  auscultatory  sign  pointed 
out  by  M.  Hourmann,  which  consists  in  noting 
the  character  of  the  observer's  own  voice,  while 
he  speaks  with  his  head  placed  close  to  the  pa- 
tient's chest.  The  voice,  it  is  alleged,  will  be 
modified  by  the  condition  of  the  subjacent  organs. 
The  resonance,  thus  heard,  he  terms  retentisse- 
ment  autophonique.  This  diagnostic  agency  Dr. 
R.  G.  Latham  proposes  to  term  heautophon'ics. 

AUTOPHONIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOPHOSPHORUS,  Phosphorus. 

AUTOPLAS'TIC,  Autoplas'ticm,  from  atiro?, 
'  self,'  and  TrAacrrixo;,  '  formative.'  Relating  to 
autoplasty  or  plastic  surgery. 

AUTOPLASTICE,  Morioplastice. 

AUTOPLASTY,  Morioplastice. 

AUTOP'SIA,  Au'topsy,  from  avrog,  'himself,' 
and  01^(5,  'vision.'  Autoph'ia,  Autoscop'ia.  In- 
spection ;  examination  by  one's  self;  self-inspec- 
tion.    Often  improperly  used  for  the  following: 

AuTOP'siA  Cadaver'ica,  (P.)  Autopsle  ou  On- 
verture  cadaverique.  Attentive  examination  after 
death, — Examination  post  mortem,  Sectio  Cadav'- 


eris,  Dissection,  Nec'roscopy,  Nec'ropsy,  Necro- 
scop'ia,  Necrop'sia,  Necrop'sis,  —  practised  for 
the  purpose  of  investigating  the  causes  and  seat 
of  an  affection  of  which  a  person  may  have 
died,  &c. 

AuTOP'siA  Cadaver'ica  Lega'lis,  Sec'tio  seu 
Obduc'tio  lega'lis,  is  the  examination  after  death 
fur  medico-legal  purposes. 

AUTOPYROS,  Syncomistos. 

AUTOSCOPIA,  Autopsia. 

AU'TOSITE,  from  avros,  'self,'  and  airog, 
'nourishment.'  A  single  monster,  capable  of 
deriving  nourishment  from  its  own  proper  or- 
gans, in  contradistinction  to  Omphalosite. 

AUTOTHERAPIA,  Vis  medicatrix  naturae. 

AUTUMN,  Autum'nus,  Anctmn'nvs,  from  av- 
gere,  auctum,  'to  increase' [?],  Phthiropo'rou,  ['¥.) 
Automne.  One  of  the  seasons  of  the  year,  between 
the  23d  of  September  and  the  21st  of  December. 
In  all  climates,  the  Autumn  or  Fall  is  liable  to 
disease;  a  combination  of  local  and  atmospheric 
causes  being  then  present,  favourable  to  its  pro- 
duction. 

AUTUM'NAL,  Autumna'Us,  (F.)  Automnnl. 
Relating  to  Autumn;  as  Autumnal  Fruits,  Au- 
tumnal Fevers,  &o. 

Autumnal  Fever  generally  assumes  a  bilious 
aspect.  Those  of  the  intermittent  kind  are  much 
more  obstinate  than  when  they  appear  in  the 
spring. 

AUXESIS,  Augmentation,  Increase. 

AUXIL'IARY,  Auxilia'ris,  from  anxilium, 
'aid.'  (E.)  Auxiliaire.  That  which  assists,  or 
from  which  assistance  is  obtained. 

Auxiliary  Medicike  is  one  which  assists  the 
principal  medicine  or  basis.  It  is  synonymous 
with  Adjuvant. 

Auxiliary  Muscles  are  those  which  concur 
in  the  same  movement.  Some  anatomists  have 
applied  the  term  to  several  ligaments,  as  well  as 
to  the  fleshy  fibres,  which  hang  from  the  sacro- 
spinalis  muscle. 

AUXILIUM,  Juvans,  Medicament. 

AUXIS,  Augmentation,  Increase. 

AVA,  Arva,  Kara.  An  intoxicating  narcotic 
drink,  made  by  chewing  the  Piper  methisticum. 
It  is  much  used  by  the  Polynesians. 

AVAILLES,  WATERS  OF.  A  small  village 
in  France,  13  leagues  S.  S.  E.  of  Poitiers,  at 
which  there  is  a  cold  saline  chalybeate.  It 
contains  chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  sul- 
phate and  subcarbonate  of  soda,  iron,  <fcc. 

AVANT-BOUCEE  (¥.),  Os  anti'cum.  This 
name  has  been  applied  by  some  to  the  mouth, 
properly  so  called — in  contradistinction  to  the 
Arriere  louche  or  Pharynx. 

AVANT-BRAS,  Fore-arm. 

AVANT-CCEUR,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

AVANT-GOUT  (E.),  PrcBcjusta'tio.  A  fore- 
taste ;  praegustation. 

AVANT-MAIN  CF.),  Adver'sa  Manus.  The 
inside  of  the  hand,  when  extended. 

AVANT-PIED  (F.).  The  most  advanced  part 
of  the  foot. 

A  VANT-POIGNET  (F.).  The  anterior  part 
of  the  wrist. 

A  VELTNE,  Corylus  avellana,  (nut.) 

AVELLANA,  Corylus  avellana — a.  Cathartica, 
Jatropha  curcas. 

AVE'NA,  Bromos,  Outs,  (Prov.,  North  of  Eng- 
land) Aits.  The  seeds  of  Ave'na  sati'va.  Ord. 
Gramineae.  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Digynia.  (S.) 
Avoine.  Oats  are  used  as  food  for  man  in  some 
parts,  particularly  in  the  North  of  England  and 
Scotland.  When  deprived  of  the  husks,  they 
form  Groats.  Pi-educed  to  meal — Avenae  Fari'na, 
Oatmeal,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — they  are  applied  as  cata- 
plasms to  promote  suppuration.  The  dry  meal 
is  sprinkled  over  erysipelatous  parts. 


AVENiE   FARINA 


110 


AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN 


Oatmeal  gruel,  Water  gruel,  is  prepared  as  fol- 
lows : —  Take  of  oatmeal,  ^ij  ;  soft  water,  Oiss. 
Rub  the  meal  in  a  basin,  with  the  back  of  a  spoon, 
in  a  moderate  quantity  of  the  water,  pouring  oif 
the  fluid  after  the  grosser  particles  have  subsided, 
but  whilst  the  milkiness  continues;  and  repeat 
the  operation  until  no  more  milkiness  is  commu- 
nicated to  the  water.  Put  the  washings  in  a  pan, 
after  having  stirred  them  well,  in  order  to  sus- 
pend any  fecula  which  may  have  subsided;  and 
boil  until  a  soft,  thick  mucilage  is  formed. 

It  is  a  good  demulcent,  and  is  used  also  as  a 
vehicle  for  clysters. 

AvENA  ExcoRTioATA,  Groats. 
AVENiE  FARINA,  see  Avena. 
AVENHEIM,    MINERAL    WATERS     OF. 
Avenheim  is  three  leagues  from  Strasburg:  near 
it  is  an  aperient  mineral  water. 

AVENNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Avennes  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  He- 
rault,  in  France:  near  it  is  a  saline  spring,  the 
temperature  of  which  rises  to  84°  Fahrenheit. 

AVENS,  COMMON,  Geum  urbanum— a.  Pur- 
ple, Geum  rivale  —  a.  Water,  Geum  rivale  —  a. 
White,  Geum  Virginianum  —  a.  Yellow,  Geum 
urbanum. 

AVE  RICH,  Sulphur. 

AVERRHO'A  BILIM'BI,  BiUm'bi,  Bilimhhig 
teres.  Old.  Oxalidese  :  called  after  Averrhoes. 
An  Indian  tree,  which  has  a  fruit  that  is  too  acid 
to  be  eaten  alone.  It  is  used  as  a  condiment, 
and  in  the  form  of  syrup  as  a  refrigerant. 

Averrho'a  Caram'bola,  Malum  Coen'se,  Prtt- 
num  stella'tum,  Tam'ara,  Conga,  Caram'holo. 
An  Indian  tree,  whose  fruits  are  agreeably  acid. 
The  bark,  bruised,  is  employed  as  a  cataplasm, 
and  its  fruit  is  used  as  a  refrigerant  in  bilious 
fever  and  dysentery. 

AVER'SiON,  Aver'sio,  Apot'rope,  from  oijer- 
tere,  (a  and  vertere,)  'to  turn  from.'  Extreme 
repugnance  for  anything  whatever. 

AVERSION  {¥.)  also  means,  in  therapeutics, 
the  action  of  medicines  which  turn  the  afflux  of 
fluids  from  one  organ,  and  direct  them  toothers; 
being  synonymous  with  counter-irritation,  or 
rather,  revulsion  or  derivation. 

AVER  TIN  (F.).      A   disease   of  the   mind, 
which,  according  to  Lavoisien,  renders  the  pa- 
tient obstinate  and  furious. 
AVEUGLE,  Caeus. 

AVEUGLEMENT,  Cajcitas  —  a.  de  Jour, 
Nyctalopia- — a.  de  Nuit,  Hemeralopia. 

AVICEN'NIA  TOMENTO'SA,  A.  Afriea'na 
seu  resini/'era.  sen  nit'ida,  Bon'tia  ger'minans  : 
called  after  Avicenna.  Ord.  Verbenaceffi.  The 
plant  which  aifords  the  Alalac'ca  Bean  or  Ana- 
car'dium  Orienta'leoi  the  Pharmacopoeias,  Seme- 
car'pus  Anacar'dium.  The  oil  drawn  from  the 
bark  of  the  fruit  is  a  corrosive  and  active  vesica- 
tory, but  it  is  not  used. 

AVICULA  CIPRIA,  Pastil— a.  Margaritifera, 
Bee  Pearl. 
AVOIN,  Avena. 

AVON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Avon 
Springs  are  in  the  State  of  New  York,  on  the 
eastern  branch  of  the  Genesee  river,  18  miles 
from  Rochester.  There  are  three  sulphureo-saline 
and  one  iodine  spring.  They  are  applicable  to 
the  same  set  of  cases  as  the  Sharon  Springs. 

AVORTEMENT,  Abortion— a.  Provoque,  see 
Parturition. 

AVORTER,  to  Abort. 
AVORTIN,  Abortion. 
AVORTON,  Abortion. 
AVULSIO,  Arrachement. 
AVULSION,  Evulsion. 

AX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ax  is  a 
small  town  in  the  department  of  Arriege,  Prance; 
where  there  are  several  sulphurous  springs,  the 


temperature  of  which  varies  from  77°  to  162°  of 
Fahrenheit. 

AXE,  Axis — a.  de  I'CEil,  Axis  of  the  eye. 
AX'EACOMMISSU'RA,  TrochoVdea.     A 
pivot-joint.     See  Trochoid. 

Axen  Korper,  Corpuscula  tactds. 
AXES,  Intermittent,  Paroxysm. 
AXILE  BODIES,  Corpuscula  tactfls. 
AXIL'LA,  Ala,  Ascel'la,  Assel'la,  Aseil'la, 
Acel'la,  Cordis  emuncto'rium,  3/ale,  Hypo'mia, 
Fo'vea  axilla'ris,  Mas' ehale,  Mas'ehalis,  (Sc.  and 
Prov.)  Oxtar,  Oxter,  (F.)  Aisselle.  The  cavity 
beneath  the  junction  of  the  arm  with  the  shoulder; 
the  armpit ;  (F.)  Greux  del'  Aisselle.  Itis  bounded, 
anteriorly,  by  a  portion  of  the  pectoralis  major ; 
posteriorly,  by  the  latissimus  dorsi.  It  is  covered 
with  hair,  contains  much  areolar  membrane,  lym- 
phatic ganglions,  important  vessels  and  nerves, 
and  numerous  sebaceous  follicles,  furnishing  an 
odorous  secretion.  In  consequence  of  such  secre- 
tion, the  ancients  called  it  emuncto'rium  cordis. 

AX'ILLARY,  Blaschaliae' us,  (F.)  Axillaire, 
from  axilla,  '  the  armpit.'  Belonging  to  the 
armpit. 

Axillary  Artery,  Arte'ria  axilla'ris;  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  subclavian,  extending  from  the 
passage  of  the  latter  between  the  scaleni  muscles 
as  far  as  the  insertion  of  the  pectoralis  major, 
when  it  takes  the  name  of  Brachial. 

Axillary  Glands  are  lymphatic  glands  seated 
in  the  armpit;  into  which  the  lymphatic  gland? 
of  the  upper  extremity  open. 

Axillary  Nerve,  Cir'cvmflex  N.,  Scap'ido- 
hu'meral  (Ch.),  NerJ" circonjlexe,  Artic'ular  nervej 
arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  brachial 
plexus,  particularly  from  the  last  two  cervical 
pairs  and  the  first  dorsal.  It  is  chiefly  distri- 
buted to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  deltoid. 

Axillary  Vein,  Vena  Axilla'ris,  Vena  Suba- 
la'ris.  This  vein  corresponds  with  the  artery ; 
anterior  to  which  it  is  situate.  It  is  a  continua- 
tion of  the  brachial  veins/  and,  at  its  termina- 
tion, assumes  the  name  Subclavian. 

AXINE,  Ascia. 

AXIRNACH.  An  Arabic  word,  used  by  Al- 
bucasis  to  designate  a  fatty  tumour  of  the  upper 
eyelid,  observed  particularly  in  children. 

AXIS,  Axon,  (F.)  Axe.  A  right  line  which 
passes  through  the  centre  of  a  body. 

Axis,  Cerebro-Spinal,  see  Encephalon  —  a. 
of  the  Cochlea,  Modiolus — a..  Cranio-Spinal,  see 
Encephalon  —  a.  Cylinder  of  Nerve,  see  Nerve 
fibre  —  a.  Coeliac,  Coeliae  artery. 

Axis  of  the  Eye,  (F.)  Axe  de  I'ceil,  called 
also,  Vis'ual  Axis  and  Optic  Axis,  is  a  right  line, 
which  falls  perpendicularly  on  the  eye,  and  passes 
through  the  centre  of  the  pupil. 

Axis,  H^mal,  Aorta  —  a.  Neural,  see  Ence- 
phalon. 

Axis,  is  also  the  second  vertebra  of  the  neck, 
Axon,  Epistroph'eus,  Epis'trophus,  Maschalister : 
Ver'tebra  Denta'ta,  (F.)  Essieu.  So  called,  be- 
cause it  forms  a  kind  of  axis  on  which  the  head 
moves.  Chaussier  calls  it  Axo'ide,  from  ufcuv, 
'axis,'  and  tiiog,  'shape.' 

AXLETEETH,  Molar  teeth. 

AX  OWE,  Axis — a.  Occipitale,  Rectus  capitis 
posticus  major. 

AXOID'O-ATLOID'EUS.  What  refers  to  both 
the  axis  and  atlas,  asAxoido-ofloidean  articulation. 

The  lesions  of  the  Axoido-atloidean,  are,  1. 
Fracture  of  the  Proces'sus  Denta'tus.  2.  Rupture 
of  the  odontoid  ligament,  and  consequently  pas- 
sage and  pressure  of  the  process  behind  the  trans- 
verse ligament :  and,  3.  The  simultaneous  rupture 
of  the  odontoid  and  transverse  ligaments.  These 
different  accidents  are  fatal. 

AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN,  Obliquus  inferior 
capitis. 


AXON 


111 


BACCHIA 


AXON,  Axis. 

AXONGE,  Adeps  prasparatus. 

AXUNGE,  Adeps  prasparatus. 

AXUN6IA,  Pinguedo — a.  Gadi,  Oleum  Jecoris 
Aselli  —  a.  de  Mumia,  Marrow  —  a.  Articularis, 
Synovia — a.  Piscina  Marina,  Oleum  Jecoris  Aselli 
— a.  Poreina,  Adeps  pr^paratus. 

AYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AZALEA  PROCUMBENS,  Loiseleuria  pro- 
cumbens. 

AZARNET,  Orpiment. 

AZARUM,  Asarum — a.  Cabaret,  Asarum. 

AZEDARACH,  Melia  Azedarach. 

AZEDARACHA  AMOENA,  Melia  Azedarach. 

AZO'IC,  Azo'icus,  same  etymon  as  Azote.  De- 
void of  life.  The  "Azoic  period"  of  the  geologist 
is  that  before  any  living  being  appeared. 

AZOODYNA'MIA,  from  a,  priv.,  ^u^,  'life,' 
and  Swafiis,  'strength.'  Privation  or  diminution 
of  the  vital  powers. 

AZORES,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  Azores  or 
Western  Islands  are  said  to  afford  one  of  the  best 
examples  of  a  mild,  humid,  equable  climate,  to 
be  met  with  in  the  northern  hemisphere.  It  is 
slightly  colder  and  moister  than  that  of  Madeira, 
but  even  more  equable.  Sir  James  Clark  thinks, 
that  a  change  from  the  Azores  to  Madeira,  and 
thence  to  Teneriffe — one  of  the  Canaries — would 
prove  more  beneficial  to  the  phthisical  valetudi- 
narian than  a  residence  during  the  whole  winter 
in  any  one  of  those  islands. 

AZOTAS  HYDRARGYRICUS  LIQUIDUS, 
see  Hydrargyri  nitras — a.  Hydrargyroso — ammo- 
nicus,  see  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum  —  a. 
Hydrargyrosus,  Hydrargri  nitras — a.  Potassicus, 
Potassas  nitras. 

AZOTATE,  Nitrate  — a.  d' Argent,  Argenti 
nitras — -a.  de  Merciire,  Hydrargyri  nitras — a.  de 
jifercure  et  d'ammoniaque,  see  Hydrargyri  oxy- 
dum cinereum — a,  de  Plomh,  Plumbi  nitras  —  a. 
de  Potasse,  Potassaj  nitras. 

A'ZOTE,  Azo'tum,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ^mr],  'life.' 
Ni'trogen,  Alcaligene,  Gas  azo'ticuni,  Nitro- 
gen'ium,  Seiiton,  (F.)  Azote,  Nitrogene,  Ilofette, 
Air  gate.  Air  vide,  is  a  gas  which  is  unfit  for  re- 
spiration. It  is  not  positively  deleterious,  but 
proves  fatal  owing  to  the  want  of  oxygen.  It  is 
one  of  the  constituents  of  atmospheric  air,  and  a 
distinguishing  principle  of  animals.  Vegetables 
have  it  not  generally  diffused,  whilst  it  is  met 
with  in  most  animal  substances.  It  has  been 
variously  called,  phlogistic  air,  vitiated  air,  &c. ; 
has  been  looked  upon  as  sedative,  and  recom- 
mended to  be  respired,  when  properly  diluted,  in 
diseases  of  the  chest. 


Azote,  Protoxide  of,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  ox- 
ide of. 

AZOTE,  Nitrogenized. 

AZOTED,  Nitrogenized. 

AZOTENESES,  from  azote,  and  vocoi,  'dis- 
ease.' Diseases  fancied  to  be  occasioned  by  the 
predominance  of  azote  in  the  body. — Baumes. 

AZOTIC  ACID,  Nitric  acid. 

AZOTIZED.  Nitrogenized. 

AZOTURIA,  see  Urine. 

AZTEC  CHILDREN,  see  Nanus. 

AZUR,  Coral,  Smalt. 

AZU'RIUM.  A  compound  of  two  parts  of 
mercury,  one-third  of  sulphur,  and  one-fourth  of 
sal  ammoniac. — Albertus  Magnus. 

AZ'YGES,  Az'ygos,  Az'ygous,  sine  pari,  from 
a,  priv.,  and  ^uyof,  '  a  yoke',  not  paired.  The 
sphenoid  hone,  because  it  has  no  fellow.  Also,  a 
process,  Proces'sus  Az'yges,  Rostrum  spheno'ida'le, 
projecting  from  under  the  middle  and  forepart 
of  this  bone. 

AZYGOS  GANGLION,  see  Trisplanchnic 
Nerve. 

AZYGOUS  ARTICULAR  ARTERY,  see  Ar- 
ticular arteries  of  the  skull. 

AzYGODS  Muscle, A«!/.(/o8  U'vuIcb,  is  the  small 
muscle  which  occupies  the  substance  of  the  uvula, 
—  Morgagni.  The  name  is,  however,  inappro- 
priate, as  there  are  two  distinct  fasciculi,  placed 
along-side  each  other,  forming  the  Pal'afo-sta- 
phyli'ni,  Staphyli'ni  or  EpistaphyW ni  muscles, 
Stapihyli' ni  me'dii  of  Winslow. 

AzYGous  Process,  of  the  Sphenoid,  see 
Azyges. 

AzYGOUS  Vein,  Vena  Azygos,  Veine  Prelomho- 
thoracique — (Ch.),  Vena  sine  pari.  Vena  pari 
carens,  (F.)  Veine  sans  Paire.  This  vein  was  so 
called  by  Galen.  It  forms  a  communication  be- 
tween the  V.  cava  inferior  and  V.  cava  superior, 
permitting  the  blood  to  pass  freely  between  the 
two.  It  rises  from  the  vena  cava  inferior,  or 
from  one  of  the  lumbar  or  renal  veins,  passes 
through  the  diaphragm,  ascends  along  the  spine 
to  the  right  of  the  aorta  and  thoracic  duct,  and 
opens  into  the  V.  cava  superior,  where  it  pene- 
trates the  pericardium.  On  the  left  side,  the 
SEMI-Az'ygos,  Left  hron'chial  or  left  superior  in- 
tercos'tal  vein,  Vona  demi-azygos,  V.  hemi-az'yga, 
Veine  petite  prelombo-thoracique — (Ch.),  presents, 
in  miniature,  nearly  the  same  arrangement. 

AZYMIA  HUMORUM,  Crudity  of  the  hu- 
mours. 

AZ'YMUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ^d/<>7,  'leaven.' 
Azy  mous  bread  is  unfermented,  unleavened  bread, 
— Galen. 

AZZLE-TEETH,  Molar  teeth. 


B. 


BAB  EUR  RE,  Buttermilk. 

BABILLEMEMT,  Loquacity. 

BABUZICARIUS,  Incubus. 

BABY,  Infans. 

BAC'ARIS,  Bach'aris.  A  name  given  by  the 
ancients  to  an  ointment,  described  by  Galen 
under  the  name  Ointment  of  Lydia.  It  was 
sometimes  employed  in  diseases  of  the  womb. — 
Hippocrates. 

BACC^  BERMUDENSES,  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria — b.  seu  Grana  actes,  see  Sambucus  ebulus 
— b.  Jujubse,  Jujube — b.  Myrtillorum,  see  Vacci- 
nium  myrtiUus  —  b.  Norlandicas,  Rubus  arcticus 


— b.  Piperis  Glabri,  see  Piper  Cubeba — b.  Pisea^ 
toriae,  see  Menispermum  cocculus  —  b.  Zizyphi, 
see  Jujube. 

BACCAR,  Bac'caria,  Bac'charis.  An  herb 
used  by  the  ancients  in  their  garlands,  to  destroy 
enchantment.  Perhaps,  the  Digitalis  purpurea. 
Some  authors  have  erroneously  thought  it  to  be 
the  Asarnm, 

BACCHARIS,  Bacear. 

Bac'charis  Halimifo'lia,  Groundsel  tree  ;  Or- 
der, Compositse ;  indigenous ;  is  used  as  a  demul- 
cent to  allay  cough,  in  the  form  of  decoction. 

BACCHI'A,  from  Bacchus,  'the  god  of  wine.' 


BACCHICA 


112 


BALANORRHAGIA 


A  name  applied  to  the  red  or  pimpled  face  of  the 
drunkard.     See  Gutta  rosea. 
BACCHICA,  Hedera  helix. 
BACCIV'OE-OUS,  Bacciv'oms,  (F.)  Baccivorc, 
from  hacea,  '  a  berry,'  and  voro,  '  I  devour.'    Liv- 
ing on  berries. 

BACHARIS,  Bacaris. 

BACHELOR'S  BUTTONS,  see  Stryehnos  nux 
vomica. 

BACKER'S  TONIC  PILLS,  Pilul£e  ex  Helle- 
boro  et  Myrrh  a. 

B AGILE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 
BACILLAR    LAYER    OF    THE    RETINA, 
Tunica  Jacobi. 

BACIL'LUM,   Bacillus,  Bac'idus,  Bac'eulus: 
'a  stick.'     This  name  has  been  applied  to  a  kind 
.of  troch,  composed  of  expectorants,  and  having 
the  shape  of  a  stick.    Also,  a  suppository.    Bacil- 
lum  was  used  by  the  ancient  chemists  for  several 
instruments  of  iron. 
BACK,  Dorsum. 
BACK-ACH  ROOT,  Liatris. 
BACKBONE,  Vertebral  column. 
BACKSIDE,  Nates. 
BACKSPRENT,  Vertebral  column. 
BACKSTROKE  OP  THE  HEART,  Impulse, 
diastolic. 

BACOBOTRYS  PICTA,  Saoria. 
BACOVB,  Musa  sapientum. 
BACTYRILOBIUM  FISTULA,  Cassia  fistula. 
BACULUS,  Bacillum. 
BAD,  Sick. 

BADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Baden 
is  a  town  six  miles  from  Vienna.  Here  are  12 
springs,  containing  carbonates  of  lime  and  mag- 
neisa;  sulphates  of  lime,  and  magnesia,  and 
soda;  and  chlorides  of  sodium  and  aluminum. 
The  water  is  used  in  diseases  of  the  skin,  rheu- 
matism, <to. 

There  are  two  other  towns  of  the  same  name  ; 
one  in  Suabia,  and  the  other  in  Switzerland, 
about  12  miles  from  Ziirieh,  where  are  mineral 
springs.  The  waters  of  the  last  two  are  thermal 
sulphureous. 

BADEN-BADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Celebrated  thermal  springs,  situate  about  a  league 
from  the  high  road  to  Basle  and  Frankfort.  Their 
temperature  varies  from  130°  to  154°  Fahrenheit. 
Their  situation  is  beautiful,  and  they  are  much 
frequented. 

BADENWEILER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
B.  is  in  Baden,  about  a  league  to  the  westward 
of  Miillheim.  The  waters  are  thermal  (87°  of 
Fahr.),  and  contain  carbonate  of  lime,  sulphuret 
and  chloride  of  calcium,  and  chloride  of  magne- 
sium. 

BADER,  Bather. 

BADIAGrA.    A  kind  of  sponge,  sold  in  Pv,ussia, 
the  powder  of  which  is  said  to  take  away  the  livid 
marks  from  blows  and  bruises  in  a  few  hours. 
Its  nature  is  not  understood. 
BADIANE,  Illicium  anisatum. 
BADJSI3,  Walking. 
BADLY,  Sick. 

BADUKKA,  Capparis  badukka. 
BAG,    DUSTING,   see    Dusting-bag  — b.    of 
Waters,  see  Liquor  Amnii. 
BAGEDIA,  Pound. 
BAGGIE,  Abdomen. 

BAGNERES-ADOUR,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Bagneres-Adour  is  a  small  town  in  the  de- 
partment of  Halites  Pyrenees,  having  a  great 
viumber  of  mineral  springs;  some,  cold  chaly- 
beates;  others,  thermal  salines;  but  the  greatest 
part  sulphureous  and  warm. 

BAGNERES  DU  LUCHON  is  a  small  town 
in  the  department  of  Haute  Garonne,  on  the 
ttontiers  of  Spain.     It  has  been  for  a  long  time 


famous  for  its  numerous  sulphureous  springs, 
the  temperature  of  which  is  from  69°  to  148°  of 
Fahrenheit. 

BAGNIGGE  WELLS.  A  saline  mineral  spring 
of  London,  resembling  the  Epsom. 

BAGNIO,  Baignoire. 

BAGNOLES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bagnoles  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Orne. 
The  water  resembles  that  of  Bagneres  de  Lvchon. 

BAGNOLS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bag- 
nols  is  a  village,  two  leagues  from  Mende,  in  the 
departmemt  of  Lozere.  The  waters  are  hydro- 
sulphurous  and  thermal :  109°  Fahrenheit. 

BAGOAS,  i:astratus. 

BAGUENAUDIER,  Colutea  arborescens. 

BAHA'MA  ISLANDS,  CLIMATE  OF.  The 
climate  of  the  Bahamas  is  not  considered  to  be 
well  adapted  for  consumptive  patients,  on  ac- 
count of  the  rapid  alternations  of  temperature, 
and  the  prevalence  of  winds,  often  of  a  dry,  cold 
character.  Still,  the  phthisical  valetudinarians 
from  most  portions  of  the  United  States  might 
derive  advantage  from  a  residence  there  during 
the  winter  months.  The  accommodations  are 
not,  however,  good,  or  numerous. 

BAHEL,  Colum'nea  longifo'lia.  A  labiated 
plant  of  Malabar,  whose  leaves,  bruised,  are  ap- 
plied as  cataplasms  to  suppurating  tumours. 

Bahel  Schulli,  Genista  spinosa  Indica. 

B  AWN  EUR.  Bather. 

BAIGNOIRE,  (F.)  Bapt~iste'rium,  a  Bathing 
tub,  Bagnio,  So'lium,  Pisei'na.  The  vessel  or 
place  in  which  bathing  is  performed.  Baignoire 
oculaire,  an  eye-hath, — a  small  vessel  for  bathing 
the  eyes.     See  Seaphium  oculare. 

BAILEY'S  SPRING,  see  Alabama,   Mineral 

BAILLEMENT,  Yawning. 

BAILLON,  Speculum  oris.  , 

BAIN,  Bath  —  h.  Chaud,  Bath,  hot— 5.  Elec- 
trique,  Bath,  electric,  see  Electricity  —  b.  Entier, 
Bath,  general — h.  de  Fauteuil,  Bath,  hip  —  h. 
Frais,  Bath,  tepid — b.  Froid,  Bath,  cold — b.  Hy- 
gienique,  see  Bath — b.  3Iarie,  Bath,  water  —  b. 
Medicinal,  Bath,  medicated  —  6.  de  Mer,  Bath, 
sea  —  b.  de  Pied,  Bath,  foot,  Pediluvium  —  b.  de 
Sable,  Bath,  sand  —  h.  de  Siege,  Bath,  hip  —  h. 
Simple,  see  Bath  —  b.  Tempere,  Bath,  tepid,  B. 
Temperate  —  b.  de  Tete,  Bath,  head  —  b.  Tiede, 
Bath,  tepid  —  h.  Tres  froid,  Bath,  cold — h.de 
Vapeiir,  Bath,  vapour. 

BAINE,  Bath. 

BAINS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
are  situated  at  Plombi&res,  department  of  the 
Vosges.  They  are  said  to  be  saline  and  thermal 
by  some;  others  deny  them  any  medical  pro- 
perties. 

BAIRN.  Infnns. 

BAIRNWORTS,  Bellis. 

BALAMPULLI.  Tamarindus. 

BALANCE,  AEROSTATIC,  Areometer. 

BAL'ANCEMENT,  Compensa'tion,  from  (F.) 
balance,  'a,  balance,'  itself  from  bis,  'twice,'  and 
lanx,  'a  dish.'  A  law  of  teratogeny,  as  main- 
tained by  GeofFroy  St.  Hilaire,  by  which  exube- 
rance of  nutrition  in  one  organ  is  supposed  to 
involve,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  the  total  or 
partial  atrophy  of  some  other,  and  conversely. 

BALANDA,  Fagus  Sylvatica. 

BALANEUM,  Bath. 

BALANISMUS,  Suppository. 

BALANITE  GONTAGIEUSE,  see  Gonor- 
rhoea. 

BALANITIS,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BALANOBLENNORRH  (EA,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria. 

BALANOCASTANUM,  Bunium  Bulbocasta- 
Dum. 

BALANORRHAGIA,  see  Gonorrhoea. 


BALANORRHffiA 


113 


BALSAM 


BALANORRHCEA,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BALANOS   PHCENICOS,  Date. 

BA'LANUS,  iiaKavo<;,  'glans,'  'an  acorn.'  The 
glans  penis.  Hence,  Balanohlennorrhce'a,  Blen- 
norrhcea  of  tlie  glans  ;  and  Balani'tis,  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  glans.  Suppositories  and  pessaries 
were  called  Bal'ani. 

Balanos,  Glans,  Suppository — b.  Myrepsica, 
Guilandina  moringa. 

BALARUC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ba- 
laruc  is  a  town  in  the  department  of  Herault, 
in  France.  The  waters  are  saline  and  thermal. 
They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime, 
carbonate  of  magnesia,  chlorides  of  sodium,  cal- 
cium, and  magnesium,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  a 
little  iron.  They  are  considered  tonic,  and  are 
largely  used.  Their  temperature  is  about  118° 
Fahrenheit. 

Balaruc  "Water,  Factit"ious,  (F.)  Eau  de 
Balaruc ;  Aqua  Belliluca'na  is  made  of  simple 
acidulous  water  (containing  twice  its  bulk  of  car- 
bonic acid)  f^xxss;  chloride  of  sodium,  '^\ss; 
chloride  of  calcium,  gr.  xviij  ;  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, gr.  Ivi;  carbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  j. 

BALATRO,  Bambalio. 

BALAUSTINB  FLOWERS,  see  Punica  gra- 
natum. 

BALBIS,  0a\j3ig,  'a  foundation.'  Any  oblong 
cavity. — Galen.  Hippocrates,  in  his  treatise  on 
the  joints,  gives  the  name  Balhito' des  to  the  ole- 
cranon cavity  of  the  humerus. 

BALBUS,  (F.)  Begue.  One  habitually  affected 
with  stammering.     A  stammerer. 

BALBUTIEMENT,  Bulbuties. 

BALBU'TIES,  Psellis'mus,  Psel'lofes,  BIcb'- 
eitas,  Baryglos'sia,  Dysla'lia,  Mogilu'lia,  Jscho- 
pho'nia,  Battaris'mus,  Bamba'iia,  Hmsita'tio, 
Loque'la  blcn'sa,  Tituba'tio  Linguce,  (F.)  Balbu- 
tiement,  Begaiement,  Begayement,  Stuttering, 
Stammering,  Hammering,  (Prov.)  Tutt'ering, 
St.  Vitus's  Dance  of  the  Voice,  (Sc.)  Hab'bering, 
Habbling.  Also,  vicious  and  incomplete  pronun- 
ciation, in  which  almost  all  the  consonants  are 
replaced  by  the  letters  B  and  L;   Traulis'mus. 

BALCHUS,  Bdellium. 

BALD,  Athrix. 

BALDMONEY,  ^thusa  meum. 

BALDNESS,  Alopecia,  Calvities— b.  Limited, 
Porrigo  decalvans — b.  Partial,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

BALENAS,  Leviathan  penis. 

BALIMBAGO,  Hibiscus  populeus. 

BALINEATOR,  Bather. 

BALINEUM,  Bath. 

BALL,  Pila— b.  of  the  Eye,  Pupil. 

BALLISMUS,  Chorea. 

BALLISTA,  Astragalus. 

BALLOCK-GRASS,  Orchis  mascula. 

BALLON,  Receiver. 

BALLONNEMENT,  Tympanites. 

BALLO'TA  FCE'TIDA,  B.  vnlga'ris  seu  nigra, 
Marrti'bium  nigrum,  Black  Horehound,  Stinking 
H.,  (F.)  Marrube  noir.  Ord.  Labiatse.  Sex. 
Syst.  Didynamia  Gymnospermia.  This  plant  is 
esteemed  to  be  antispasmodic,  resolvent,  and 
detersive.  (?) 

Ballota  Lana'tA,  Leonu'rus  lana'tna,  (F.) 
Ballote  cotonneuse.  A  plant  which  grows  in 
Siberia.  The  whole  plant,  with  the  exception  of 
the  root,  has  been  recommended  in  dropsy,  and 
in  rheumatism  and  gout,  as  a  diuretic.  It  is 
usually  given  in  decoction  (^ss  to  5J  to  f^viij 
of  water). 

BALLOTE  COTONNEUSE,  Ballota  lanata. 

BALLOTTEiMENT,  (F.)  Mouvement  de  Bal- 
lottement,  Agita'tion,  Succus'sion,  Repercus'sion, 
means  the  motion  impressed  on  the  foetus  in 
utero,  by  alternately  pressing  the  uterus  by 
means  of  the  index  finger  of  one  hand  intro- 
duced into   the   vagina;    the   other  hand  being 


applied  on  the  abdomen.  It  is  one  of  the  least 
equivocal  signs  of  pregnancy. 

BALLS,  DEER,  Elaphomyces  granulatus. 

BALLSTON  SPA.  This  village  is  situate  in 
Saratoga  County,  New  York.  The  spring  Sans 
Souci  belongs  to  the  class  of  Acidulous  Chaly- 
beates.  It  contains  iodide  of  sodium.  There  is 
also  a  sulphur  spring. 

BALM,  Melissa  —  b.  Apple,  Momordica  bal- 
samina — b.  Bastard,  Melitis  Melissoph3'llum — b. 
of  Gilead,  Solomon's,  see  Tinctura  cardamomi — ■ 
b.  of  Gilead,  Poplar,  Populus  candicans — b.  of 
Gilead  tree,  Dracocephalum  Canariense — b.  In- 
dian, Trillium  latifoliuni — b.  Mountain,  Monarda 
coccinea — b.  Red,  Monarda  coceinea — b.  Scarlet 
rose,  Monarda  coccinea — b.  Stinking,  Hedeoma. 

BALMONY,  Chelone  glabra. 

BALNEA  CCENOSA,  Boue  des  eaux. 

BALNEARIUM,  Hypocaustum. 

BALNEARIUS,  Bather. 

BALNEATOR,  Bather. 

BALNEOG'RAPHY,  Balneograph'ia,  from 
^oKaveiov,  'a  bath,'  and  yputpV)  'a  description.' 
A  description  of  baths. 

BALNEOL'OGY,  Balneolog"ia,  from  fiaXa- 
vctov,  'a  bath,'  and  Xoyo;,  'a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  baths. 

BALNEOTHERAPI'A,  from/SaXavtiov, 'a 
bath,'  and  dc^iaiTcia,  'treatment.'  Treatment  of 
disease  by  baths. 

BALNEUM,  Bath— b.  Acidum,  Bath,  acid  — 
b.  Alkalinum,  Bath,  alkaline — b.  Animale,  Bath, 
animal  —  b.  Antipsoricum,  Bath,  antipsoric — b. 
Anti-syphiliticum,  Bath,  antisyphilitic — b.  Are- 
nae,  Bath,  sand — b.  Gelatinosum,  Bath,  gelatinous 
— b.  Marine,  Bath,  water — b.  Marinura,  Bath,  sea 
— b.  Maris,  Bath,  water — b.  Medicatum,  Bath, 
medicated — b.  Sulphuris,  Bath,  sulphur. 

BALSAM,  B'd'samum,  Bal'samus,  Bol'eson, 
Bel'eson,  (F.)  Bawne.  This  name  is  given  to 
natural  vegetable  substances,  concrete  or  liquid, 
but  very  odorous,  bitter,  and  piquant:  composed 
of  resin,  benzoic  acid,  and  sometimes  of  an  es- 
sential oil — which  allow  benzoic  acid  to  be  dis- 
engaged by  the  action  of  heat;  readily  dissolved 
in  volatile  oil,  alcohol,  and  ether;  and,  when 
treated  with  alkalies,  afford  a  soluble  benzoate, 
and  throw  down  resin.  We  know  of  only  five 
balsams — those  of  Peru,  and  Tolu,  Benzoin,  solid 
Styrax  or  Storax,  and  liquid  Styrax.  (See  those 
different  words.)  There  are,  however,  many  phar- 
maceutical preparations  and  resinous  substances, 
possessed  of  a  balsamic  smell,  to  which  the  name 
balsam  has  been  given  ;  but  they  differ  essentially 
in  composition  and  properties:  hence  the  dis- 
tinction of  balsams  into  natural  and  artificial. 
The  natural  balsams  include  the  five  before  men- 
tioned; the  artificial  the  remainder. 

Balsam,  Acous'tic,  Bal'samum  Acous'ticnw, 
(F.)  Baume  acoustique.  A  mixture  of  fixed  and 
essential  oils,  sulphur,  and  tinctures  of  fetid 
gums.  Used  in  cases  of  atonic  deafness,  dropped 
into  the  ear.  The  acoustic  balsam  of  Dr.  Hugh 
Smith  is  made  by  mixing  three  drachms  of  ox- 
gall, with  one  drachm  of  balsam  of  Peru. 

Balsam,  American,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum 
— b.  Anodyne,  Bates's,  Linimentum  saponis  et 
opii. 

Balsam,  Apoplec'tic,  Bal'samum  Apoplec'ti- 
cum,  Bal'samiis  Apoplec'tious,  (F.)  Baume  Apo- 
plectique.  A  medicine  composed  of  several  bal- 
sams properly  so  called,  resins,  and  volatile  oils. 
It  is  of  a  stiff  consistence,  is  worn  in  ivory 
boxes  about  the  person,  and  is  smelled  at  in 
headaches,  Ac. 

Balsam  Apple,  Momordica  balsamina. 

Balsam  of  Arcce'us,  Bal'samum  Arccei,  Un~ 
guen'tum  El'em.i,  (F.)  Baume  d'Arcceus.  A  soft 
ointment;    sometimes  employed   in  wounds,  ul- 


BALSAM 


114 


BALSAM 


cers,  &c.  It  is  made  by  melting,  with  a  gentle 
heat,  two  parts  of  mutton  suet,  one  of  lard,  one 
and  a  half  of  turpentine,  and  as  much  resin. 
Balsam,  Calaba,  see  Fagara  octandra. 
Balsam,  Canada,  see  Pinus  balsamea — b.  Ca- 
nary, Dracocephalum  Canariense  —  b.  Capivi, 
Copaiba. 

Balsam  of  Carpa'thia,  B.  Carpa'thian,  BaV- 
inmum  Carpath'icum,  (F.)  Baume  de  Carpathie. 
The  resin  of  the  Pinus  Gembra,  a  tree,  which 
grows  in  Switzerland,  Libya,  and  the  Krapac 
mountains  in  Hungary. 

Balsam,  Chaly'beate,  Bal'samum  Ohah/bea'- 
tum,  (F.)  Baume  d'acier  ou  d'aiguilles.  A  mix- 
ture of  nitrate  of  iron,  alcohol,  and  oil,  prepared 
by  dissolving  needles  in  nitric  acid.  It  was  for- 
merly employed  in  friction  in  pains  of  the 
joints. 

Balsam,  Comman^der's,  Tinctura  benzoin!  cora- 
posita — b.  for  Cuts,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita. 
Balsam,  Cor'dial,  op  Senner'tus,  Bnl'mmnm 
Cordia'le  Seniier'ti,  (F.)  Baume  cordiale  de  Sen- 
nert.  A  stimulant  medicine,  composed  of  the 
essential  oils  of  citron,  cloves,  and  cinnamon,  of 
musk,  and  ambergris.     Dose,  6  to  15  drops. 

Balsam  of  Fierabras.  A  celebrated  Spanish 
vulnerary  balsam,  mentioned  by  Cervantes  ;  the 
composition  of  which  was  oil,  rosemary,  salt,  and 
wine.  (?) 

Balsam,  Spir'ituoits,  op  Fiohaventi,  Bal'- 
samum Fioraven'ti  spirituo'sum,  (F.)  Baume  de 
Fioraventi  sptritaeux.  Different  products  of  the 
distillation  of  resinous  and  balsamic  substances, 
and  of  a  number  of  aromatic  substances,  pre- 
viously macerated  in  alcohol,  have  been  thus 
called.  The  Sjn'riUtous  Balsam  of  Fioraventi, 
the  only  one  now  used  in  friction,  in  chronic 
rheumatism,  is  the  first  product  of  the  distillation 
from  a  sand-bath.  It  is  entirely  alcoholic.  The 
Oili/  Bahara  of  Fioraventi  is  obtained  by  re- 
moving the  residue,  and  distilling  it  in  an  iron 
vessel,  at  a  white  heat.  It  has  the  appearance 
of  a  citrine-coloured  oil.  The  Black  Balsam  of 
Fioraventi  is  the  black  oil,  obtained  when  the 
temperature  is  sufficient  to  carbonize  the  sub- 
stances in  the  cucurbit. 

Balsam  of  Fir,  see  Pinus  balsamea. 
Balsam   op   Fourcroy  or  of  Laborde,  (F.) 
Baume  de  Fourcroy  ou  de  Laborde,     A  kind  of 
liniment  composed  of  aromatic  plants,  balsams, 
resins,  aloes,  turpentine,  theriae,  and   olive  oil. 
Used  in  chaps  of  the  skin  and  nipples. 
Balsam,  Friar's,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita. 
Balsam  op  Genevieve,  (F.)  Baume  de  Gene- 
vieve.    An  ointment  composed  of  wax,  turpen- 
tine, oil,  red  saunders,  and  camphor.     Used  in 
contused  wounds,  gangrene,  &c. 

Balsam  op  Honey  (Hill's).  A  tincture  made 
of  tola,  honeff  (aa  Ibj)  and  spirit  (a  gallon).  A 
pectoral,  used  in  coughs.  The  committee  of  the 
New  York  College  of  Pharmacy  recommend  the 
following  formula  —  (Gum  Benzoin,  ^v,  Bah. 
Tolut.  ^},  Mellis  Jviij,  Alcohol.  Oiij— "digest  for 
10  days  and  filter).  See  Mel. 

Balsam  of  Horehound  (Ford's).  A  tincture 
of  horehottnd,  liquorice-root,  camphor,  opitim, 
benzoin,  dried  squills,  oil  of  aniseed,  and  honey. 
It  has  the  same  properties  as  the  above.  See 
Marrubium. 

Balsam,  Hungarian,  see  Pinus  mughos. 
Balsam,  Hypnot'ic,  Bal'samum  Hypnot'icum, 
(F.)  Baume  liypnotique.  A  preparation  of  which 
opium,  hyoscyamus,  camphor,  and  some  other 
sedative  substances,  form  the  basis.  It  is  used 
externally  in  friction,  to  provoke  sleep. 

Balsam,  Hyster'ic,  Bal'samum  Hyster'ieum, 
(P.)  Baume  Hysterique.  A  preparation  made  of 
opium,  aloes,  asafoetida,  castor,  distilled  oils  of 
rue,  amber,  &,c.     It  is  held  to  the  nose,  applied 


to  the  navel,  or  rubbed  on  the  hypogastrium  in 
hysterical  cases. 

Balsam,  Indian,  see  Myroxylon  peruiferum. 
Balsam,  Iod'uretted,  Bal'samum  ioduret'um, 
(F.)  Baume  hydriodati,  B.  ioduri,  Gelee  contre 
le  goitre.  A  balsam  used  in  the  way  of  friction, 
in  goitre,  at  Lausanne,  in  Switzerland.  It  may 
be  made  as  follows — animal  soap,  60 ;  iodide  of 
potassitim,  42;  alcohol  at  85°,  500;  essence  of 
lemon,  4  parts.  The  iodide  is  dissolved  in  the 
alcohol,  which  is  added  to  the  soap  melted  in  a 
water-bath.  The  whole  is  then  filtered,  and  put 
into  bottles. 

Balsam  of  Leictoure,  of  Condom  or  Vince- 
GUERE,  Bal'samum  Lectoren'se.  A  strongly  sti 
mulant  and  aromatic  mixture  of  camphor,  safi"ron, 
musk,  and  ambergris,  dissolved  in  essential  oils. 
The  ancients  burnt  it  for  the  purpose  of  purifying 
the  air  of  a  chamber,  when  infected  with  a  dis- 
agreeable odour. 

Balsam  op  Life  of  Hofp'mann,  Bal'samum 
VitoB  Hoffman! ni,  (F.)  Baume  de  Vie  d' Hoffmann. 
A  tincture,  composed  of  essential  oils  and  amber- 
gris, emploj'ed  internally  and  externally  as  a 
stimulant.  A  mixture  of  essential  oils  without 
alcohol  constitutes  the  Saxon  Balsam,  Bal'samum 
apoplec'ticum,  B.  aromat'icum,  B.  cephal'icum,  B, 
Saxon'ieum,  B.  nervi'num,  B.  ScHERZERI,  B.  Sto- 
7nach'icum.    Employed  in  friction  as  a  stimulant. 

Balsam  of  Life,  Decoctum  aloes  compositum 
— b.  of  Life,  Turlington's,  see  Tinctura  benzoini 
composita. 

Balsam  of  Locatel'li  or  Lucatel'li,  Bal'- 
samum Lueatel'li,  (F.)  Baume  de  Lucatel.  A  sort 
of  ointment,  composed  of  wax,  oil,  turpentine, 
sherry,  and  balsam  of  Peru,  coloured  with  red 
saunders.  It  was  once  administered  in  pulmo- 
nary consumption. 

Balsam  of  Mecca,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
—  b.  Mexican,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum  —  b. 
Natural,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

Balsam,  Green,  op  Metz,  Bal'samum  Vir'ide 
Meten' sinm,  B.  Vir'ide,  (F.)  Baume  vert  de  Metz, 
Baume  de  Feuillet,  Huile  verte,  O'leum  ox'ydi 
cupri  vir'ide.  This  is  composed  of  several  fixed 
oils,  holding,  in  solution,  subcarbonate  of  copper, 
sulphate  of  zinc,  turpentinp,  aloes,  and  the  es- 
sential oils  of  cloves  and  juniper.  It  is  green 
and  caustic,  and  is  employed  to  hasten  the  cica- 
trization of  atonic  ulcers. 

Balsam,  Nephrit'ic,  op  Fuller,  Bal'samum 
Nephrit'icum  Fulleri.  A  liquid  medicine.  Com- 
posed of  oils,  resins,  and  balsams,  which  have 
experienced  an  incipient  state  of  carbonization 
from  concentrated  sulphuric  acid.  It  was  given 
in  the  dose  of  15  to  30  drops  in  certain  affections 
of  the  kidneys. 

Balsam,  Nervous,  Bal'samum  Nervi'num, 
(¥.)  Baume  nervin  ou  nerval.  A  kind  of  oint- 
ment, composed  of  fatty  bodies,  volatile  oils, 
balsam  of  Peru,  camphor,  &c.  It  is  employed 
in  friction  in  cases  of  sprains  and  rheumatic 
pains. 

Balsam,  Paralyt'ic,  op  Mynsicht.  A  sort 
of  liniment  or  soft  mixture  of  the  essential  oils 
of  difi"erent  aromatic  plants,  oils  of  turpentine 
and  amber. — Lemery. 

Balsam  op  Parei'ra  brava,  Bal'samum  Pa- 
rei'rcB  brava.  A  soft  mixture  of  balsam,  resin, 
muriate  of  ammonia,  and  powder  of  the  root  of 
Pareira  brava.  It  is  given  internally,  to  excite 
the  urinary  secretion. 

Balsam,  Peruvian,  see  Myroxylon  Peruife- 
rum— b.  of  Peru,  red,  see  Toluifera  balsamum — 
b.  of  Peru,  white,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

Balsam  op  RACKAsi'RAor  of  Rakasi'ri.  This 
substance  is  of  a  yellowish-brown  colour  ;  semi- 
transparent;  fragile,  when  dry,  but  softening  by 
heat;  adhering  to  the  teeth,  when  chewed.     It 


BALSAMADENDRON 


115 


BAMBOO 


has  a  smell  similar  to  that  of  the  Balsam  of  Tolu, 
and  is  slightly  bitter.  It  is  brought  from  India 
in  gourd  shells,  and  has  been  employed  in  dis- 
eases of  the  urinary  and  genital  organs,  especially 
in  gunorrhoea. 

BALSAjf,  Riga.  Prepared  from  the  shoots  of 
the  Scotch  Fir,  macerated  in  spirit  of  wine.  In- 
ternally, stimulant  and  diuretic ;  externally,  a 
vulnerary.     See  Pinus  Cembra, 

Balsam  of  Saturv,  Bal'aamum  Sntur'ni.  A 
solution  of  acetate  of  lead  in  spirit  of  turpentine, 
concentrated  by  evaporation  ;  to  which  camphor 
has  been  added.  This  balsam  was  applied  to 
hasten  the  cicatrization  of  wounds. 

Balsam  op  the  Samar'itav,  (F.)  Baume  du 
Sfiniaritain.  A  sort  of  liniment,  prepared  by 
boiling  together,  at  a  gentle  heat,  equal  parts  of 
■wine  and  oil.  It  is  said  to  have  been  the  oint- 
ment used  by  the  Samaritan  of  the  Gospel  to 
cure  a  patient  covered  with  ulcers. 

Balsam,  Saxon,  Balsam  of  Life  of  Hoffmann. 
Balsam  of  Sulphur,  Bal'samum  Snl'phuris, 
(F.)  Baume  de  Sou/re.  A  solution  of  sulphur  in 
oil. — B.  sitlph.  anisn'tum,  (F.)  B.  de  Sou/re  anhe. 
A  solution  of  sulphur  in  essential  oil  of  aniseed  ; 
given  as  a  carminative.  —  B.  Siilph.  succina'tnm, 
(F.)  B.  de  Soiifre  succitie.  A  solution  of  sulphur 
in  oil  of  amber. — B.  Sidphnrts  terehinthlna' turn. 
Common  Dutch  Dropn,  (F.)  B.  de  Sou/re  terebin- 
thine.  A  solution  of  sulphur  in  essential  oil  of 
turpentine,  administered  as  a  diuretic. — The  Bal- 
sam of  Sulphur  of  Ruland  is  a  solution  of  sul- 
phur in  linseed  oil  or  nut  oil. 

Balsam  of  Sym'pathy,  Balsamum  Sympath'- 
icum,  (F.)  Baume  de  Sympathie.  A  balsam,  used 
in  the  days  when  sympathetic  influence  was 
strongly  believed  in.  It  was  composed  of  the 
raspings  of  a  human  skull,  blood,  and  human  fat, 
and  was  applied  to  the  instrument  which  had 
inflicted  the  wound. 

Balsam,  Thibaut's.  A  tincture  of  myrrh, 
aloes,  dragon's  blood,  flowers  of  St.  John's  wort, 
and  Chio  turpentine.  Internally ,  diuretic  ;  exter- 
nally, vulnerary. 

Balsam  of  Tolu,  see  Toluifera  Balsamum. 
Balsam,  Tranquil,  Bal'samum  tranquil'lum 
ECU  tranquil' lans,  (F.)  B.  tranquUle.  A  liquid 
medicine  employed,  externally,  in  the  shape  of 
friction  :  it  is  prepared  by  macerating  and  boil- 
ing, in  olive  oil,  narcotic  and  poisonous  plants, — 
belladonna,  mandragora,  hyoscyamus,  Ac. — and 
afterwards  infusing,  in  the  filtered  decoction, 
different  aromatic  plants.  It  was  employed  as 
an  anodyne. 

Balsam,  Turkey,  Dracocephalum  Canariense 
— b.  Turlington's,  see  Tinctura  Benzoini  com- 
posita. 

Balsam  of  TuR'PENmrE,  Dutch  Drope,  Bal'- 
samum Terehin'ihin<B.  Obtained  by  distilling 
oil  of  turpentine  in  a  glass  retort,  until  a  red 
balsam  is  left.  It  possesses  the  properties  of  the 
turpentines. 

Balsam,  Vervain's,  Tinctura  Benzoini  com- 
posita. 

Balsam,  Vul'nerary,  op  Mindere'rds,  BaV- 
samum  vulnera'rium  3Iindere'ri,  (F.)  B.  vulne- 
raire  de  Minderer.  A  kind  of  liniment,  com- 
posed of  turpentine,  resin  elemi,  oil  of  St.  John's 
wort,  and  wax.  Employed  in  friction,  and  as  a 
dressing  to  wounds. 

Balsam  Weed,  Impatiens  fulva. 
Balsam  Wound,  Tinctura  Benzoini  eomposita. 
BALSAMADENDRON    GILEADENSE, 
Amyris  Gileadensis — b.  Myrrha,  see  Myrrha. 

BALSAMARIA  INOPHYLLUM,  see  Fagara 
octandra. 

BALSAMEL^ON,  Myroxylon  Peniiferum. 
BALSAM'IC,    Baham'icus,    (F.)  Balsamique, 
from  fiaXcrajtov,  'balsam.'    Possessing  the  quali- 


ties of  balsams.  Balnamic  odour: — a  sweet, 
faint,  and  slightly  nauseous  smell.  Bahamio 
substance: — one  resembling  the  balsams  in  pro- 
perty. 

BALSAMIER  ELEMIFERE,  Amyris  elemi- 
fera — b.  de  la  Mecque,  Amyris  opobalsamum. 
BALSAMINA,  Momordica  balsamina. 
BALSAiflNE,  Momordica  balsamina. 
BALSAMIQUE,  Balsamic. 
BALSAMITA  FCEMINEA,  Achillea  ageratura 
— b.  Major,  Tanacetum  balsamita — b.  Mas,  Ta- 
nacetum  balsamita. 

Balsami'ta  Suav'eolens,  B.  odora'ta  seu 
maris,  Mentha  Saracen'ica  seu  Roma'iia.  Ord. 
Compositae.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia 
superflua.  A  plant,  common  in  the  south  of 
France,  and  cultivated  in  the  gardens;  where  it 
bears  the  names  of  Menthe  coq  ou  romaine.  Grand 
baume,  Baume  coq  ou  Costiie  des  Jardi)is.  Its 
smell  is  strong  and  aromatic,  and  taste  hot.  It 
is  used  for  the  same  purposes  as  tansey,  i.  e.  as  a 
stimulant,  vermifuge,  &c. 

Balsamita  Suaveolens,  Tanacetum  balsa- 
mita— b.  Vulgaris,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 

BALSAMO-SACCHARUM,  Elaeo-Saccharum. 
BALSAMUM,  see  Balsam,  Amyris  opobalsa- 
mum— b.  .^gyptiacum,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
—  b.  Album,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum  —  b. 
Alpini,  Dracocephalum  Canariense  —  b.  Alpini, 
see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  Anodynum,  Lini- 
mentum  saponis  et  opii — b.  Apopleetieum,  Balsam 
of  life  of  Hoffmann — b.  Aromaticum,  Balt-am  of 
life  of  Hoffmann — b.  Asiaticum,  see  Amyris  opo- 
balsamum—  b.  Braziliense,  Copaiba — b.  Calaba, 
see  Fagara  octandra  —  b.  Canadense,  see  Pinus 
balsamea — b.  Catholicum,  Tinctura  benzoini  eom- 
posita—  b.  Cephalicum,  Balsam  of  life  of  Hoff- 
mann— b.  Copaibas,  Copaiba — b.  Genuinum  anti- 
quorum,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  Hyperici 
simplex,  see  Hypericum  perforatum — b.  lodure- 
tum.  Balsam,  ioduretted — b.  Judaicum,  see  Amy- 
ris opobalsamum — b.  Libani,  see  Pinus  cembra — 
b.  Mari«,  see  Fagara  octandra — b.  e  Mecca,  see 
Amyris  opobalsamum  — b.  Mercuriale,  Unguen- 
tum  hydrargyri  nitratis  —  b.  Nervinum,  Balsam 
of  life  of  Hoffmann — b.  Nucist«,  see  Myristica — 
b.  Opodeldoc,  Linimentum  saponis  camphoratum 
b.  Ophthalmicum  rubrum,  Unguentura  hydrar- 
gyri nitrico-oxydi — b.  Persicum,  Tinctura  benzo- 
ini eomposita  —  b.  Peruvianum,  see  Myroxylon 
Peruiferum — b.  Saturninum,  Unguentum  plumbi 
superacetatis  —  b.  Scherzeri,  Balsam  of  life  of 
Hoffmann  —  b.  Stomachieum,  Balsam  of  life  of 
Hoffmann — b.  Styracis,  Styrax — b.  Styracis  ben- 
zoini, Benjamin  —  b.  Succini,  see  Succinura  —  b. 
Sulphuris  Barbadense,  Petroleum  sulphuratum — 
b.  Sulphuris  simplex,  Oleum  sulphuratum — b. 
Syriacum,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum — b.  Toluta- 
tanum,  see  Toluifera  balsamum — b.  Tranquillans 
seu  Tranquillum,  Balsam,  tranquil  —  b.  Trauma- 
ticum,  Tinctura  benzoini  eomposita — b.  Univer- 
sale, Unguentum  plumbi  superacetatis — b.  Viride, 
Balsam,  green,  of  Metz  ;  see  Fagara  octandra. 

BALSAMUS,  Balsam.— b.  Palustris,  Mentha 
aquatica. 

BALSEM,  Amyris  opobalsamum. 
BAMBA,  Bamboo. 
BAMBALIA,  Balbuties. 

BAMBA'LIO,  Bam'balo,  Bala'tro,  from  ffa/t- 
fiaiiw,  '  I  speak  inarticulately.'  One  who  stam- 
mers or  lisps,  or  utters  ina,rticulate  sounds.  Ac- 
cording to  Krause,  one  who  speaks  as  if  he  had 
pap  in  his  mouth,  or  as  if  his  tongue  were  para- 
lyzed. 

BAMBOO,  (F.)  Bambou,  Bamhti.  Earn.  Gra- 
mineae.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  The 
young  shoots  of  Bambos  arundina'cea,  Arun'do 
hambos,  Bambu'sa  arundina'cea,  and  of  Bambot 
verticilla'ta,  contain  a  saccharine  pith,  of  which 


BAMBOS   AEUNDINACEA        116 


BANDEA U 


the  people  of  both  the  Indies  are  very  fond. 
They  are  sometimes  made  into  a  pickle. 

BAMBOS  ARUNDINACEA,  Bamboo  — b. 
Vertieillata,  Bamboo. 

BAMBTJSA  ARUNDI2^ACEA,  Bamboo. 

BAMIX  3I0SCHATA,  Hibiscus  abelmoschns. 

BAMMA,  from  (SarrToi,  'I  plunge,'  'a  paint;  a 
dye.'  Anciently,  liquids  were  so  called,  in  which 
certain  bodies  were  plunged,  to  moisten  or  soften 
them.  In  the  case  of  tea,  for  instance,  into  which 
bread  is  dipped,  the  tea  would  be  the  bamina. 

BANANA,  Musa  sapientum. 

BANANIER,  Musa  sapientum. 

BAN AUSIA,  Charlatanry. 

BANG  D'HIPPOCRATE,  Bathron. 

BANCAL,  (F.)  One  who  has  deformed  legs. 
It  includes  the  vcdgus,  compemia,  and  varus, 
which  see. 

BANCROCHE,  (F.)  A  vulgar  epithet  for  a 
ricketv  individual. 

BAND,  PRIMITIVE,  see  Nerve  Fibre. 

BAN'DAGE,  Besma,  Syndes'mus,  Hypodes'- 
mis,  IJi/podesma,  Hypodes'mus,  (the  last  three 
signify  properly  an  under  bandnge.)  A  binder, 
from  Sax.  bindan,  'to  bind.'  This  word,  with 
the  French,  is  generally  used  to  express  the  me- 
thodical application  of  rollers,  compresses,  &c., 
Bati'dagitig,  Syn'deei's,  to  fix  an  apparatus  upon 
any  part, — corresponding  to  the  words  delign'tio, 
fascia'tio,fasrAa'rvm  appUca'tio,  epid'enis.  With 
us  the  noun  is  usually  applied  to  the  result  of  the 
application,  or  to  the  bandage  itself: — a  sense  in 
which  the  French  employ  the  word  Bande.  Ban- 
dages are  simple  or  cnmpound.  The  simple  ban- 
dage is  equal,  if  the  turns  are  applied  circularly 
above  each  other;  unequal,  if  the  turns  are  not 
accurately  applied  upon  each  other.  If  each  turn 
of  the  bandage  be  only  covered  one-third,  it 
forms  the  doloire  of  the  French  ;  if  the  edges 
touch  only  slightly,  it  is  the  monsne  ;  if  the  turns 
are  verj'  oblique  and  separated,  it  is  the  sjn'ral 
or  creeping,  (F.)  rampant;  if  folded  upon  each 
other,  it  is  termed  the  reversed,  (F.)  renverse. 
By  uniting  various  kinds  of  baiidaging,  we  have 
the  compound ;  and  these  compound  bandages 
have  received  various  names  expressive  of  their 
figure,  or  of  the  parts  to  which  they  are  applied, 
as  capistrum,  spica,  <tc.  Bandages  are  divided, 
also,  as  regards  their  uses,  into  uniting,  dividing, 
retaining,  expelling,  compressing,  &c. 

Bandage  on  Roller,  Fas'cia,  Tm'nia,  Epides'- 
mns,  Vin'cidum,  the  Bande  of  the  French.  It  may 
be  made  of  linen,  flannel,  or  other  stuff  capable 
of  offering  a  certain  resistance.  The  two  extre- 
mities of  a  bandage  are  called  tails,  (F.)  chefs, 
and  the  rolled  part  is  termed  its  head,  (F.)  globe. 
If  rolled  at  both  extremities,  it  is  called  a.  double- 
headed  roller  or  bandage,  (F.)  Bande  d  deux 
globes. 

BANDAGE  1  BANDELETTES  SEPA- 
REES,  Bandage  of  separate  strips. 

Bandage,  Body,  Btanti'le,  (F.)  Bandage  de 
Corps,  is  used  for  fixing  dressings,  i-c,  to  the 
trunk.  It  is  formed  of  a  towel,  napkin,  or  some 
large  compress,  folded  three  or  four  times ;  the 
extremities  of  which  are  fastened  by  pins.  This 
is  again  fixed  by  means  of  the  scapulary  bandage, 
which  is  nothing  more  than  an  ordinary  ban- 
dage, stitched  to  the  anterior  and  middle  part 
of  the  napkin,  passing  over  the  clavicles  and 
behind  the  head,  to  be  attached  to  the  back  part 
of  the  napkin. 

Bandage,  Compound,  see  Bandage. 

Bandage.  Compre.ssing,  or  Roller,  Fascia 
compressi'va  ceu  convolu'ta,  (F.)  Bandage  com- 
pressive on  rotile,  is  the  simple  roller  with  one 
head;  and  is  employed  in  cases  ofulcers,  varices, 


(fee.,  of  the  limbs.  Whenever  this  roller  is  applied 
to  the  lower  part  of  the  limbs,  it  is  carried  up- 
wards by  the  doloire  and  reversed  methods  above 
described. 

Bandage,  Compressite,  see  Bandage,  com- 
pressing— b.  de  Corps,  see  Bandage — b.  Dividing, 
see  Bandage  — 6.  Divisif,  Dividing  bandage  —  b. 
d  dix-huit  Chefs,  Bandage,  eighteen-tailed — b.  en 
Doloire,  Doloire  —  b.  Double-headed,  see  Band- 
age. 

Bandage,  Eighteen-tailed,  Fas'cia  octod'- 
ecim  capit'ibns,  (F.)  Bandage  d  dix-huit  chefs. 
This  bandage  is  made  of  a  longitudinal  portion 
of  a  common  roller;  and  with  a  suflBcient  num- 
ber of  transverse  pieces  or  tails,  to  cover  as  much 
of  the  part  as  is  requisite.  It  is  a  very  useful 
bandage,  inasmuch  as  it  can  be  undone  without 
disturbing  the  part. 

Bandage,  Expelling,  see  Bandage. 

Bandage,  Galen's,  B.  for  the  Poor,  Fas'cia 
Gale'ni  sen  Pau'perum,  (F.)  Bandage  de  Galieii 
ou  des  Panvres,  Ga'lea,  is  a  kind  of  cncullus  or 
hood,  (F.)  Couvrechef,  divided  into  three  parts 
on  each  side ;  of  which  Galen  has  given  a  de- 
scription.    See  Cancer  Galeni. 

Bant)AGE  of  Genga,  Bandage  of  Theden — b.  . 
Hernial,  see  Truss  —  b.  Immovable,  Apparatus, 
immovable. 

Bandage,  In'guinal,  Fas'cia  inguina'lia.  A 
bandage  for  keeping  dressings  applied  to  the 
groin.  It  consists  of  a  cincture,  to  which  is  at- 
tached a  triangular  compress,  adapted  for  cover- 
ing the  groin.  To  the  lower  extremity  of  this, 
one  or  two  bandages  are  attached,  which  pass 
under  the  thigh,  and  are  fixed  to  the  posterior 
part  of  the  cincture.  This  bandage  may  be  either 
simile  or  double. 

Other  bandages  will  be  found  described  under 
their  various  names. 

BANDAGE  DES  P  AUTRE  S,  Bandage, 
Galen's — b.  Permanent,  Apparatus,  immovable — 
b.  of  the  Poor,  see  Bandage,  Galen's,  and  Cancer 
Galeni — b.  Rampant,  see  Bandage — h.  Renverse, 
see  Bandage — b.  Roule,  see  Bandage — b.  of  Scul- 
tetus.  Bandage  of  separate  strips. 

Bandage  of  separate  Strips,  or  B.  op  Scul- 
te'tus,  Fas'cia  fasei'olis  separa'tim  dispos'itii 
seu  Sculte'ti,  (F.)  Bandage  d  bandeleites  separees 
ou  de  Scultet.  This  is  formed  of  linen  strips, 
each  capable  of  surrounding  once  and  a  half  the 
part  to  which  they  have  to  be  applied,  and  placed 
upon  each  other,  so  as  to  cover  successively  one- 
third  of  their  width.  It  is  used  chiefly  for  frac- 
tures, requiring  frequent  dressing. 

Bandage,  Simple,  see  Bandage. 

Bandage  of  Theden,  B.  of  Genga.  A  band- 
age employed,  at  times,  in  brachial  aneurism, 
which  commences  at  the  fingers,  and  extends  to 
the  axilla. 

Bandage,  Under,  Hypodesmis — b.  Unequal, 
see  Bandage — b.  Unissant,  Uniting  bandage — b. 
Uniting,  see  Bandage,  and  Uniting  bandage. 

BANDAGING,  see  Bandage— b.  Doctrine  of, 
Desmaturgia. 

BAN'DAGIST,  (F.)  Bandagiste.  One  whose 
business  it  is  to  make  bandages,  and  especially 
those  for  hernia. 

BANDE,  Bandage.  The  word  Bande,  in 
anatomy,  is  used  by  the  French  for  various  nar- 
row, flat,  and  elongated  expansions. 

BANDE  A  DEUX  GLOBES,  see  Bandage. 

BANDE  B'HELTODORE,  a  kind  of  bandage 
for  supporting  the  mammae. 

BANDEAU,  (F.)  A  kind  of  simple  bandage, 
which  consists  of  a  piece  of  cloth,  folded  four 
times,  and  applied  round  the  head.  There  is 
also    the  Bandeau   ou   3Iouehoir  en  triangle   or 


BANDELETTE 


111 


BARII    CHLORIDUM 


triangular  bandage,  a  kind  of  couvrechef,  made 
of  a  square  piece  of  cloth,  or  of  a  handkerchief, 
folded  diagonally,  and  applied  round  the  head. 

BANDELETTE,  (F.)  Diminutive  of  Bande 
Fasciola,  Tceniola,  Vitta ;  a  narrow  bandage, 
stiip,  or  fillet.     Also  Taenia  semicircularis. 

BANDELETTES  AGGLUTINATIVES. 
Small  strips,  covered  with  a  glutinous  plaster. 
Vitta  aggliitinan'tes.     See  Agglutinant. 

BANDELETTES  DE COUPES,  are  strips 
of  linen,  notched  on  one  edge,  and  covered,  on 
one  side,  with  ointment.  They  are  applied  to 
wounds  to  prevent  the  lint  from  sticking,  and  the 
laceration  of  the  cicatrix. 

BANDELETTE  SEMICFRCULATRE,  Tae- 
nia semieirculiiris^S.  des  Comes  d'ammon,  Corpus 
fimbriatum — b.  des  Eminences  pyrlformes,  T«nia 
semicircularis — b.  de  V Hlppocampe,  Corpora  flm- 
briata. 

BANDURA,  Nepentha  destillatoria. 
BANDY-LEGGED,  Cnemoscoliosis. 
BANBBERRY,  Actaea  spicata. 
BANGUE,  Bhang,  Bang,  Bangi  or  Beng,  Sed- 
Jiee,  Siibjee.  Adanson  believes  this  to  be  the  Ne- 
penthes of  the  ancients.  The  largest  leaves  and 
capsules  without  the  stalks  of  Cau'nabis  In'dica, 
(F.)  Chanvre  Lidien,  Indian  hemp,  probably  iden- 
tical with  C.  sativa.  Family,  Urticese.  Sex.  Syst. 
Dioecia  Pentandria.  The  leaves  and  flowers  of 
Cannabis  are  narcotic  and  astringent.  They  are 
chewed  and  smoked.  The  seeds,  mixed  with 
opium,  areca,  and  sugar,  produce  a  kind  of  intoxi- 
cation, and  are  used  for  this  purpose  by  the  peo- 
ple of  India.  An  alcoholic  extract  of  the  plant, 
Chitrrns — Extrac'tum  Cau'nabis  (Ph.  U.  S.) — has 
been  used  in  India,  and  since  then  in  Europe  and 
in  this  country,  as  a  narcotic  arid  anti-convulsive, 
in  the  dose  of  from  half  a  grain  to  ten  or  more. 
It  requires,  however,  great  caution  in  its  adminis- 
stration.  The  pure  resin —  Cannabine,  Haschis- 
ohine  —  is  active  in  the  dose  of  two-thirds  of  a 
grain. 

The  dried  plant,  which  has  flowered,  and  from 
which  the  resin  has   not  been   removed,  called 
Gnnjah,  Ganjah,  Guaza,  and  Guazah,  Ilaschisch, 
Haschich,  Hachisch,  Hashish,  or    Chaschisch,  of 
the  Arabs,  consists  of  the  tops  and  tender  parts 
only  of  the  plant,  collected  immediately  after  in- 
florescence, and  simply  dried. 
BANICA.  Pastinaca  sativa. 
BANILAS,  Vanilla. 
BANILLA,  Vanilla. 
BANILLOES,  Vanilla. 

BANISTE'RIA  ANGULO'SA.  This  plant, 
in  Brazil  and  the  Antilles,  passes  for  a  powerful 
sudorific,  and  an  antidote  to  the  poison  of  ser- 
pents. 

BANKSIA  ABYSSINICA,  Hagenia  Abyssi- 
nica — b.  Speciosa,  Costus. 

BANNIERES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Bannieres  is  a  village  in  Quercy,  dioeess  of  Ca- 
hors,  France.  The  waters  are  probably  chaly- 
beate. They  are  celebrated  in  amenorrhoea,  ca- 
chexia, jaundice,  &c. 

BA'OBAB,  Adanso'nia  digita'ta,  of  Africa. 
Nat.  Ord.  Bombaceae.  One  of  the  largest  pro- 
ductions of  the  vegetable  kingdom.  Its  fruit  is 
called,  in  the  country,  Pain  de  singe.  The  pulp 
is  sourish,  and  agreeable  to  eat;  and  a  refreshing 
drink  is  made  from  it,  which  is  used  in  fevers. 
Prospero  Alpini  and  Dr.  L.  Frank  think  that  the 
Terra  Lemnia  was  prepared,  in  Egypt,  from  the 
pulp.  All  the  parts  of  the  Baobab  abound  in 
mucilage.  The  bark  has  been  given  as  a  substi- 
tute for  cinchona. 

BAPTISIA  LEUCANTHA,  see  Sophora  tinc- 
toria — b.  Tinctoria,  Sophora  tinctoria. 
BAPTISTERIUM,  Baignoire. 


BAPTORRHCRA,  see  Gonorrhrea. 
BARAQUETTE  (¥.).     A  name  given  by  Ra- 
sous,  physician  at  Nismes,  in  France,  to  a  catar- 
rhal epidemy,  which  occurred  there  in  1761.    See 
Influenza. 

BARATIIRON,  Juniperus  sabina. 
BARATHRUM,  Antrum. 

BARBA,  Beard — b.  Aaronis,  Arum  maculatura 
— b.  Caprae,  Spiraea  ulmaria — b.  Hirci,  Tragopo- 
gon — b.  Jovis,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

BARBADOES,  see  West  Indies  — b.  Leg,  see 
Elephantiasis. 

BARBAREA,  Erysimum  barbarca — b.  Stricta, 
Erysimum  barbarea. 

BARBAROS'S^  PIL'UL^,  Barlaros'sa's 
Pills.  An  ancient  composition  of  quicksilver, 
rhubarb,  diagridium,  musk,  <4,c.  It  was  the  first 
internal  mercurial  medicine  which  obtained  any 
real  credit. 

BARDE,  Beard — b.  de  Bone,  Tragopogon. 
BARBEAU,  Centaurea  cyanus,  Cyanus  sege- 
tum. 

BARBER-CHIRUR'GEONS.  A  Corporation 
of  London,  instituted  by  King  Edward  IV.  The 
barbers  were  separated  from  the  surgeons,  by  18 
Geo.  II.,  c.  15;  and  the  latter  were  erected  into  a 
Royal  College  of  Snrgtons  at  the  commencement 
of  the  present  century. 

BARBERS,  ARMY,  see  Bathers. 
BARBERIB,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  mineral  waters  are  half  a  league  from 
Nantes.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  chlorides 
of  magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphiite  of  magnesia, 
carbonates  of  magnesia,  lime,  and  iron.  They  are 
used  as  chalj'beates. 

BARBERRY,  Oxycantha  Galeni— b.  Ameri- 
can, see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

BARBIERS.      A  variety  of  paralysis  chiefly 
prevalent  in  India;  and  by  many  considered  to 
be  the  same  as  Beriberi.     Beriberi  is  commonly 
an  acute  disease.     Barbiers  is  generally  chronic. 
BARBITIUM,  Beard. 
BAR-BONE,  Pubis,  os. 
BARBOTINE,  Artemisia  Santonica. 
BARBULA  CAPRINA,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 
BARCLAY'S  ANTIBILIOUS  PILLS,  Pilulse 
a.ntibiliosae. 

BARDADIA,  Pound. 

BARDANA,  Arctium  lappa  —  b.  Minor,  Xan- 
thium. 

BARDANE  PETITE,  Xanthiura. 
BAREGES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bareges  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Hautes 
Pyrenees,  near  which  are  several  springs.  They 
are  sulphureous  and  thermal,  the  heat  varying 
from  85°  to  112°  Fahrenheit.  They  contain  chlo- 
rides of  magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphates  of  mag- 
nesia and  lime,  carbonate  of  lime,  sulphur,  <fec. 
These  springs  have  long  enjoyed  a  high  reputa- 
tion, and  are  daily  advised  in  cutaneous  and 
scrofulous  afi'ections,  <fec.  A  nitrogenized  matter 
was  first  found  in  these  waters,  and  afterwards  in 
other  sulphureous  springs,  to  which  Longchamp 
gave  the  name  Baregine. 

Factitious  Bareges  Water,   Aqua  Baregi- 
nen'sis  seu  Baretginen'sis,  (F.)  Eau  de  Bareges, 
is  made  by  aAdmghydrosnlphurettedicater,i'^\y, 
to  pure  wflfe;-,  f^^xvijss,  carbonate  of  sod  a ,  gr.  xvj, 
chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  ss.     Bottle  closely. 
BAREGINE,  see  Bareges. 
BARGADA,  Convolvulus  pes  caprse. 
BARGOU.    An  alimentary  preparation  formed 
of  ground  oats,  boiled  to  aproper  consistence  with 
water. 

BARIGLIA,  Soda. 

BARII  CHLORIDUM,  Baryta,  muriate  of— 
b.  lodidum,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of. 


BARILLA 


118 


BARYTA 


BARILLA,  Soda  — b.  Alicant,  Soda  — b.  Car- 
thagena,  Soda — b.  Turkey,  Soda. 

BARILLOR,  Soda. 

BA'RIUM,  Ba'ryum,  Baryt'ium,  Phifo'niuvi, 
from  Papvs,  'heavy.'  The  metallic  base  of  ba- 
ryta, so  called  from  the  great  density  of  its  com- 
pounds. 

BARinr,  Chloride  of.  Baryta,  muriate  of — 
h.  Chlorure  de,  Baryta,  muriate  of — b.  lodatum, 
and  Iodide  of,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of — b.  Protox- 
ide of,  Baryta. 

BARK,  Cinchona — b.  Arica,  see  Cinchonae  cor- 
difolite  cortex — b.  Ash,  see  Cinchona — b.  Bitter, 
Pinckneya  pubens — b.  Bogota,  see  Cinchona — b. 
Calisaya,  Cinchonae  cordifolise  cortex  —  b.  Cali- 
saya,  spurious,  see  Cinchonae  cordifoliae  cortex — 
b.  Carabaya,  see  Cinchonae  cordifoliae  cortex — b. 
Caribsean,  Cinchonae  Caribajse  cortex — b.  Cartha- 
gena,  see  Cinchona  —  b.  Coquetta,  see  Cinchona 

—  b.  Crown,  Cinchonae  lancifoliae  cortex  —  b. 
Cusco,  see  Cinchonae  cordifolise  cortex  —  b. 
Doom,  Sassy-bark — b.  Elk,  Magnolia  glauca — b. 
Essential  salt  of,  see  Cinchona  —  b.  Florida, 
Pinckneya  pubens — b.  Fusagasuga,  see  Cinchona 

—  b.  Georgia,  Pinckneya  pubens  —  b.  Gray,  see 
Cinchona — b.  Huamilies,  see  Cinchona — b.  Hua- 
nuco,  see  Cinchona — b.  Indian,  Magnolia  glauca 

—  b.  Iron,  see  Kino — b.  Jesuit's,  Cinchona  —  b. 
Jaen,  see  Cinchona — b.  Lima,  see  Cinchona — b. 
Loxa,  Cinchonae  lancifoliae  cortex — b.  Pale,  Cin- 
chonae lancifoliae  cortex — b.  Maraeaybo,  see  Cin- 
chona— b.  Ordeal,  Sassy-bark — b.  Peruvian,  Cin- 
chona— b.  Pitaya,  CinchonEe  Caribaeae  cortex,  see 
Cinchona — b.  Red,  Cinchonae  oblongifoliae cortex 
— b.  Royal,  Cinchonae  cordifoliae  cortex — b.  of  St. 
Ann,  see  Cinchonae  cordifoliffi  cortex  —  b.  Saint 
Lucia,  Cinchonae  Caribaeae  cortex — b.  Santa  Mar- 
tha, see  Cinchona  —  b.  Sassy,  Sassj'-bark  —  b. 
Seven,  Hydrangea  arborescens  —  b.  Silver,  see 
Cinchona — b.  Yellow,  Cinchonse  cordifoliae  cortex. 

BARLERIA  BUXIFOLIA,  Cara  schuUi. 

BARLEY-BREE,  Cerevisia. 

Barlet-Coen,  Cerevisia. 

Barley,  Pearl,  see  Hordeum  —  b.  Scotch, 
Hordeum 

Barley-Water,  Decoctum  hordei. 

BARM,  Yest. 

BARN,  Infans. 

BARNET,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bamet 
is  not  far  from  London.  The  water  is  of  a  purg- 
ing quality,  like  that  of  Epsom,  and  about  half 
the  strength. 

BAROMACROM'ETER,  PcBdohnromacrom'- 
eter,  Pasdom'eter,  from  jiapos,  '  weight,'  jiaKpo;, 
'long,'  and  fitrpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument 
invented  by  Stein  to  indicate  the  length  and 
weight  of  a  new-born  infant. 

BAROM'ETER,  Baroscop'iuvi,  Ba'roseope, 
from  fiapog,  'weight,'  and  titrpov,  'measure.'  (F.) 
Barometre,  An  instrument  which  measures  the 
weight  of  the  air.  A  certain  degree  of  density 
in  this  medium  is  necessary  for  health.  AVhen 
we  ascend  high  mountains,  great  inconvenience 
is  experienced,  owing  to  the  diminished  density. 
Changes  of  this  character  are  indicated  by  the 
Barometer  or  weather-glass. 

BA'ROS,  jSapo;,  'heaviness.'  Employed  by  the 
Greek  physicians  to  designate  the  feeling  of  las- 
situde and  heaviness  observable  in  many  diseases. 
— Hippocrates.  Galen. 

BAROSCOPE.  Barometer. 

BAROSMA  CRENATA,  Diosma  crenata. 

BAROTE,  Baryta. 

BAROTES  SALITUS,  Baryta,  muriate  of. 

BARRAS,  see  Pinus  svlvestris. 

BARRE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Barre  is 
a  small  town,  six  leagues  from  Strasburg.  The 
waters  are  thermal,  and  contain  much  iron,  cal- 
careous salt,  .fee.     They  are  diuretic  and  tonic. 


BARRE  (F.),Barrure,  Vara,  'a  bar.'  A  pro- 
jection or  prolongation  of  the  symphysis  pubis  > 
— a  deformity  rendering  delivery  difficult. 

BARREE  (F.).  A  term  applied,  in  France,  to 
a  female  whose  pelvis  has  the  deformity  described 
under  Barre. 

BARRES  (DENTS,),  Barred  Teeth.  The 
molar  teeth,  when  the  roots  are  spread  or  tortu- 
ous, so  that  they  cannot  be  extracted  without 
being  broken ;  or  without  a  portion  of  the  alveo- 
lar arch  being  removed. 

BARREL  OF  THE  EAR,  Tympanum. 

BARREN,  Sterile. 

BARRENNESS,  Sterilitas. 

BARROS,  Terra  Portugallica. 

BARR  URE,  Barre. 

BARTON'S  FRACTURE,  see  Fracture  of  the 
Radius,  Barton's. 

BARYCOCCALON,  Datura  stramonium. 

BARYCOITA,  Baryecoia. 

BARYECOI'A,  Barycoi'ta,  Bradyecoi'n,  Pa- 
racu'sia  obtu'sa,  Disecoi'a,  Dynecie'a,  Audi'tus 
dijfic'ilis,  A.  grauis,  A.  imminu'tus,  Ohundi'tio, 
Obatidi'tus,  Hyjuocopho' sis,  Hypochyro'tfis,  (F.) 
Dnrete  d' Oreille,  Uysecee,  from  jiapvi,  'heavy,' 
and  oKorj,  'hearing.'  Hardness  of  hearing,  in- 
complete deafness.     See  Cophosis,  and  Deafness. 

BARYGLOSSIA,  Balbuties,  Baryphonia. 

BARYI  HYDRAS  lODATL  Baryta,  hydrio- 
date of. 

BARYLALIA.Baryphonia. 

BARYOD'YNE,  from  Papvs,  'heavy,'  and  oSwr), 
'pain.'     A  dull,  heavy  pain. 

BARYPHO'NIA,  Baryglos'si-,  Baryhi'Ua,  Lo- 
que'la  impedi'ta,  from  ^apvs,  'heavy,'  and  ^tavri, 
'voice.'     Difficulty  of  voice  or  speech. 

BARYPICRON,  Artemisia  abrotanuin. 

BARYSOMATIA,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

BARYSOMATICA,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

BARY^'TA,  from  fiapv^,  'heavy,'  ^apv-njs, 
'weight.'  Terra  pondero'sa,  Bary'tes,  Protox'- 
ide  of  Ba'riitm,  Heavy  Earth,  Ponderous  Earth, 
(F.)  Baryte,  Barote,  Terre  pesante.  This  earth 
and  its  soluble  salts  are  all  highly  corrosive  poi- 
sons. It  is  never  employed  in  medicine  in  the 
pure  state.  When  externally  applied,  it  is  cans- 
tie,  like  potassa  and  soda. 

Bary'ta,  Carbosate  of,  Baryta  Car'bonas, 
(Ph.  U.S.),  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Baryte,  Craie  baro- 
tique,  is  only  used  officinally  to  obtain  the  mu- 
riate. 

Baryta,  Hydri'odate  of.  Baryta  Hydri'odas, 
Baryta  Hydriod'ica,  Hydras  Baryi  loda'ti : — 
(in  the  dry  state.  Iodide  of  Barium,  Barii  lod'- 
idum,  Ba'rium  loda'tum.)  has  been  given  in  scro- 
fulous and  similar  morbid  conditions.  It  may 
be  administered  internally  in  the  dose  of  one- 
eighth  of  a  grain  three  or  four  times  a  day,  and 
be  applied  externally  to  scrofulous  swellings,  in 
the  form  of  ointment,  (gr.  iv  to  ^j  of  lard.) 

Baryta  Hydriodica,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of. 

Baryta,  Mu'riate  or  Hydrochlorate  of, 
Bary'ta  mii'rias,  Chlo'ride  of  Ba'rium,  Ba'rii 
Chlo'ridum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Chlo'rriref  of  Ba'rium, 
Terra  pondero'sa  sali'ta  seu  muria'ta,  Sal  mnri- 
at'icnm  barot'icum,  Baro'tes  sali'tus,  (F.)  Chlo- 
rure de  barium,  is  the  combination  chiefly  used. 
The  Muriate  of  Baryta  may  be  formed  as  follows  : 
Baryt.  Carbon,  in  frustulis,  Ibj  ;  Acid.  Murint. 
f^xij  ;  Aqua  Oiij.  Mix  the  acid  with  the  water, 
and  gradually  add  the  Carbonate  of  Baryta.  To- 
ward the  close  of  the  effervescence,  apply  a  gentle 
heat,  and,  when  the  action  has  ceased,  filter  the 
liquor,  and  boil  it  down  so  that  Crystals  may  form 
as  it  cools. — Ph.  U.  S. 

It  is  given  in  the  form  of  the  Sohi'tio  Ifuria'tis 
Baryta,  Liquor  Barii  Chlo'ridi,  Ph.  U.  S.,  Aqua 
baryta    mnria'tis,    (F.)   Solution  de  Muriate   de 


BARYTE 


1  19 


BASSIA   BUTYRACEA 


Baryte,  {Ihiriate  of  Baryta,  one  part;  distilled 
water,  ttiree  parts,)  and  is  employed  in  scrofulous 
case?,  worms,  and  cutaneous  diseases.  Exter- 
nally, to  fungous  ulcers  and  to  specks  on  the 
cornea. 

Baryta,  Sulphate  op,  Baryta  suljyhas,  (F.) 
Sulfate  de  Baryte,  is  used  in  pharmacy,  like  the 
carbonate,  to  obtain  the  chloride  of  barium. 

BARYTiE  Carbonas,  Baryta,  carbonate  of — b. 
Hydriodas,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of — b.  Murias, 
Baryta,  muriate  of — b.  sulphas,  Baryta,  sulphate 
of. 

BARYTE,  Baryta— 6.  Carbonate  de,  Baryta, 
carbonate  of — b.  sulfate  de.  Baryta,  sulphate  of. 

JBARYTHMIA,  Melancholy. 

BARYTIUM,  Barium. 

BARYUM,  Barium. 

BAS-FOND,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

BAS-LAS3E,  Stocking,  laced. 

B AS- VENTRE,  Abdomen. 

BASAAL.  The  name  of  an  Indian  tree,  the 
decoction  of  whose  leaves,  in  water,  with  ginger, 
is  used  as  a  gargle  in  diseases  of  the  fauces.  The 
kernels  of  the  fruit  are  vermifuge. 

BASANASTRA'GALA,  from  ^aeravof, 'torture,' 
and  affrpayaAoj,  'the  astragalus.'  Pain  in  the  ankle 
joint;  gout  in  the  foot. 

BASANIS'MOS,  from  ffacavi^uv,  'to  explore.' 
'A  touch-stone.'  Investigation  or  examination. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

BASE,  Basis,  from  ^aivai,  '1  proceed,'  '  I  rest,' 
'I  support  myself.'  That  which  serves  as  a  foun- 
dation or  support.  That  which  enters,  as  a  prin- 
cipal matter,  into  a  mixture  or  combination.  In 
anatomy,  it  is  employed  in  the  former  sense,  as 
Base  of  the  Cranium,  Base  of  the  Brain  —  Basis 
seu  Pavimen'tum  cere'bri  ;  Base  of  a  2}>'ocess,  &c.. 
Base  of  the  heart — Basis  vel  coro'na  cordis.  In 
dentistry,  it  means  a  metallic,  ivory,  or  hippopo- 
tamus plate,  which  is  used  as  a  support  for  arti- 
ficial teeth.  In  the  art  of  prescribing.  Basis  is 
the  chief  substance  which  enters  into  a  compound 
formula. 

BASE-BORX,  Illegitimate. 

BASEMENT  MEMBRAjS^E,  see  Membrane, 
basement. 

BASIATIO,  Coition. 
■     BASIATOR,  Orbicularis  oris. 

BASIL,  BUSH,  Ocymum  caryophyllatum — b. 
Citron,  Ocymum  basilicum  —  b.  Common,  Ocy- 
mum basilicum  —  b.  Small,  Ocymum  caryophyl- 
latum— b.  Wild,  Chenopodium  vulgare — b.  Wild, 
Cunila  mariana  —  b.  Wild,  Pycnanthemum  in- 
canum. 

BxiSILAD,  see  Basilar  Aspect. 

BAS'ILAR,  Basila'ris,  Bas'ilary,  (F.)  Basi- 
laire.  That  which  belongs  to  the  base,  from 
fiaatg,  'base.'  This  name  has  been  given  to  seve- 
ral parts,  which  seem  to  serve  as  basis  to  others. 
The  sacrum  and  sphenoid  have  been  so  called. 

Basilar  Artery,  A,  basila'ris  seu  cervica'lis, 
(F.)  Artere  ou  Tronc  basilaire,  A.  mesocephalique 
(Ch.)  The  union  of  the  two  vertebral  arteries. 
It  ascends  along  the  middle  groove  on  the  infe- 
rior surface  of  the  tuber,  and  is  supported,  be- 
neath, by  the  Fossa  basilaris.  It  terminates  in 
the  posterior  cerebral  arteries. 

Basilar  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  base 
of  the  head. — Barclay.  Basilad  is  used  adverb- 
ially by  the  same  writer  to  signify  'towards  the 
basilar  aspect.' 

Basilar  Fossa,  (F.)  Gouttilre  ou  Fosse  basi- 
laire, is  the  upper  surface  of  the  basilaj-y  process, 
—  so  called  because  it  is  channeled  like  a  Fossa 
or  Gutter.     The  Tuber  annulare  rests  upon  it. 

Basilar  Process,  Proces'sus  basila'ris  ossis 
oecip'itis  seu  cuneifor' mis  ossis  occip'itis,  (F.) 
A-pophyse  Basilaire,  Prolonyement  sous-occipital, 
Cu'neiform  Process,  is  the  bony  projection,  formed 


by  the  inferior  angle  of  the  os  occipitis,  which  ia 
articulated  with  the  sphenoid. 

Basilar  Sinus,  Sinus  transversus. 

Basilar  Surface,  (F.)  Surface  basilaire,  is 
the  inferior  surface  of  the  process.  It  is  covered 
by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx. 

Basilar  Vertebra.  The  last  vertebra  of  the 
loins. 

BASIL'IC,  Basil'icus,  (F.)  Basilique,  from 
(SaaiXtKog,  'royal.'  This  name  was  given,  by  the 
ancients,  to  parts  which  they  conceived  to  play 
an  important  part  in  the  animal  economy. 

Basilic  Vein,  Vena  basil' ica  seu  cu'biti  inte'- 
rior,  (F.)  Veine  Basilique,  Veine  cubitale  cuta- 
vee  of  Chaussier.  This  vein  is  one  of  those  on 
which  the  operation  of  bloodletting  is  performed. 
It  is  situate  at  the  internal  part  of  the  fold  of  the 
elbow,  in  front  of  the  humeral  artery,  and  is 
formed  by  the  anterior  and  posterior  cubital 
veins,  and  by  the  median  basilic.  It  terminates, 
in  the  arm-pit,  in  the  axillary  vein.  The  an- 
cients thought,  that  the  basilic  of  the  right  arm 
had  some  connexion  with  the  liver,  and  hence 
they  called  it  hepatic.  The  vein  of  the  left  arm, 
for  a  similar  reason,  they  called  splenic.  The 
jIFedian  Basilic  Vein,  (F.)  Veine  mediane  basi- 
lique, is  one  of  the  branches  of  the  preceding 
vein.  It  joins  the  median  cephalic  at  an  acute 
angle,  or  rather  by  a  transverse  branch,  and  re- 
ceives some  branches  of  the  deep  radial  and  cu- 
bital veins,  and  a  considerable  subcutaneous  vein 
— the  common  median. 

BASILIC  CO  MM  UN,  Ocymum  basilicum— 6. 
Sauvaqe,  grand,  Chenopodium  vulgare. 

BASIL'ICON,  Basil' icura.  'Royal,'  or  of 
great  virtue.  An  ointment,  composed  of  yellow 
wax,  black  pitch,  and  resin,  of  each  one  part, 
olive  oil,  four  parts.  Hence  it  was  called  Un- 
guen'tum  Tetraphar'macum,  [TZTparjiapjiaKa,  'four 
drugs.') — Celsus.     Scribonius  Largus. 

Basilicon,  Basilicum,  of  the  Parisian  Codex, 
is  the  Onguent  de  Poix  et  de  Cire.  In  most  Phar- 
macopoeias, it  is  represented  by  the  Unguen'tum 
or  Cera'tum  Resi'nce.  It  is  used  as  a  stimulating 
ointment.  See  Ceratum  Resinse,  and  Unguen- 
tum  Resinse  Nigrae. 

BASILICUM,  Basilicon,  Ocymum  Basilicum 
—  b.  Citratum,  Ocymum  basilicum  —  b.  Majus, 
Ocymum  basilicum. 

BASILIQUE,  Basilic. 

BASILISCUS,  Syphilis. 

BASIO-CERATO-CHONDRO-GLOSSUS, 
Hyoglossus. 

BASIO-CER'ATO-GLOSSUS,  from  (iaci;, 
'base,'  Kepag,  'cornu,'and  yXuaaa,  'tongue.'  A 
nanue  given  to  a  part  of  the  hyoglossus,  which  is 
inserted  into  the  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides  and  base 
of  the  tongue. 

BASIOCES'TRUM,  from  fiaaig,  'the  base,' 
and  Kcarpa,  'a  dart.'  An  instrument  for  opening 
the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero,  invented  by  Mes- 
ler,  a  German. 

BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS,  Hypseloglos'sus,  Hyoba- 
sioglossus,  Ypseloglos'sus,  from  ffaai;,  'base,'  and 
■y\wa<Ta,  '  the  tongue.'  A  name  formerly  given  to 
the  portion  of  the  hyoglossus  which  is  inserted 
into  the  base  of  the  os  hyoides. — Riolan,  Thomas 
Bartholine.     See  Lingual  Muscle. 

BASIO  PHARYNG^'US,  from  ffaais,  'base,' 
and  (jiapvy^,  'the  pharynx.'  A  name  given  tc 
some  fibres  of  the  constrictor  pharyngis  medius. 
— Winslow. 

BASIS,  see  Prescription — b.  Cerebri,  Base  of 
the  Brain — b.  Cordis,  Radix  cordis — b.  Corporis, 
Sole. 

BASSI-COL'ICA.  Name  of  a  medicine  com- 
posed of  aromatics  and  honey.  —  Scribonius 
Largus. 

BASSIA  BUTYRACEA,  see  Spirit,  (Arrack.^ 


B AS SIN 


120 


BATH 


BASSIN,  Pelvis— 6.  Oeulaire,  Scaphium  ocu- 
]are. 

BASSINER,  Fove're,  to  foment. 
BASSINET,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney,  Ranunculus 
bulbo?us. 

BAS'SORA,  GUJL  A  gum,  obtained  from  a 
plant  unknown,  which  came  originally  from  the 
neighbourhood  of  Bassora,  on  the  Gulf  of  Per- 
sia, whence  its  name.  It  is  in  irregularly  shaped 
pieces,  white  or  yellow,  and  intermediate  in  its 
transparency  between  gum  Arabic  and  gum  tra- 
gacanth.  Only  a  small  portion  is  soluble  in 
water.  The  insoluble  portion  is  a  peculiar  prin- 
ciple, called  Bassorin.  It  is  not  used  in  medi- 
cine ;  but  bassorin  enters  into  the  composition  of 
several  substances. 

BASSORIN,  see  Bassora  gum. 
BASSWOOD,  Tilia  Americana. 
BASTARD,  Illegitimate. 
BATA,  Musa  Paradisiaca. 
BATATA  DE   PURGA.     The    Brasilian   and 
commercial  name  of  the  purgative,  feculent,  and 
gum-resinous  roots  of  two  plants  of  the  family 
Convolvulaceae,  the  one  called  Jeticucu,  Jlechoa- 
can,  Convol'vulus  mechoacan'na,  the  Pijitoste'gia 
Piso'iiis  of  Von  Martins;   the  other  Convol'vulus 
opercula'tus,  the  Ipomm'a  seu  Pijjtoate'yia  oper- 
eula'ta  of  Von  Martius. 

BATA'TAS.  The  inhabitants  of  Peru  gave 
this  appellation  to  several  tuberous  roots,  espe- 
cially to  Convolvulus  Batatas  or  Siceet  Potato. 
Our  word.  Potato,  comes  from  this.  See  Solanum 
tuberosum. 

BATEMAN'S  PECTORAL  DROPS,  see  Pec- 
toral Drops,  Bateman's. 
BATERION,  Bathron. 

BATES'S  ALUM  WATER,  Liquor  aluminis 
compositus  —  b.  Anodyne  Balsam,  Linimentum 
saponis  et  opii  —  b.  Camphorated  Water,  Lotion, 
camphorated,  of  Bates — b.  Collyrium,  see  Lotion, 
camphorated,  of  Bates. 

BATH,  Anglo-Saxon  baS,  Bal'neum,  Bala- 
ne'um,  Baline'um,  Loutron,  (Old  Eng.)  Baine, 
(P.)  Bain.  Immersion,  or  staj^  for  a  longer  or 
shorter  duration,  of  the  whole  or  a  part  of  the 
body,  in  some  medium,  as  water.  Act  of  plung- 
ing into  a  liquid,  sand,  or  other  substance,  in 
which  it  is  the  custom  to  bathe.  Plunge  Bath. 
Also,  the  vessel  in  which  the  water  is  put  for 
bathing.  Also,  a  public  or  private  establishment 
for  bathing.  The  common  water-bath,  used  for 
hygienic  as  well  as  for  therapeutical  purposes,  is 
the  Bain  simple  ou  hijgienique  of  the  French. 

In  Pharmacy,  a  vessel,  placed  over  a  fire,  and 
filled  with  any  substance,  into  which  another 
vessel  is  placed,  containing  matters  for  digestion, 
evaporation,  or  distillation. 

Bath,  Acid,  Bal'neum  ac''idum  (Acid,  mnriat. 
Ibij  ;  Aqum  cong.  Ixvi.  One  half,  one  third,  or 
one  fourth  the  quantity  of  acid  is  more  frequently 
employed.) 

Bath,  Acid,  Scott's,  see  Scott's  Acid  Bath  — 
b.  Air,  hot,  see  Bath,  hot  —  b.  Air,  warm,  see 
Bath,  hot. 

Bath,  Ah'KAi.mE,  Bal'neum  alkali'nnm.  This 
may  be  made  of  half  a  pound  or  a  pound  of  pearl- 
ash  or  of  carbonate  of  soda,  to  sixty-six  gallons 
of  water. 

Bath,  An'imal,  Balneum  anima'le,  consists  in 
wrapping  an  animal  recently  killed,  or  its  skin, 
around  the  body,  or  some  part  of  it. 

Bath,  Axtipsor'ic,  Bal'neum  antipso'rietim. 
Recommended  in  cases  of  itch  and  other  cuta- 
neous diseases.  [Potass,  sulphuret.  ,^iv,  AqucB 
cong.  Ix.) 

Bath,  Antistphilit'ic,  Bal'neum  antisyphilit' - 
icum,  Mercu' rial  bath.  Made  by  dissolving  from 
two  drachms  to  an  ounce  of  the  corrosive  chloride 
of  mercury  in  sixty  gallons  of  water. 


Bath,  Arm,  Brachilu'vium.  A  bath  for  the  arm. 
Bath,  Cold,  see  Bath,  hot — b.  Cool,  see  Bath, 
hot. 

Bath,  Dry,  is  one  made  of  ashes,  salt,  sand, 
&c.  The  ancients  used  these  frequently  for  the- 
rapeutical purposes. 

Bath,  Earth,  Arenatio. 

Bath,  Elec'tric,  (F.)  Bain  electrique,  consists 
in  placing  the  person  upon  an  insulated  stool, 
communicating,  by  a  metallic  wire,  with  the 
principal  conductor  of  the  electrical  machine  in 
action.  The  Electric  Bath  produces  general  ex- 
citement of  all  the  functions,  and  especially  of 
the  circulation  and  secretions. 

Bath,  Foot,  Pedilu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Pied, 
a  bath  for  the  feet. 

Bath,  Gelat'ixous,  Bal'neum  gelatino' sum . 
Made  by  dissolving  two  pounds  of  gelatin  or  glue 
in  a  gallon  oi  water.  A  gelatino-sulphurous  bath 
may  be  made  by  adding  a  pound  of  glue,  previ- 
ously dissolved  in  water,  to  the  sulphur  bath. 

Bath,  General,  (F.)  Bain  Entier,  is  one  in 
which  the  whole  body  is  plunged,  except  the 
head;  in  contradistinction  to  the  partial  bath, 
Jlerobalane' um,  MerobaV neum. 

Bath,  Half,  Semieu'pium,  Exeathis'ma,  In- 
ces'sio,  Inces'sus,  is  one  adapted  for  half  the  body. 
One,  for  receiving  only  the  hips  or  extremities,  is 
also  so  called. 

The  Sitz-balh,  (G.)  Sitzbad,  of  the  hydropa- 
thists  is  a  tub  of  cold  water,  in  which  the  patient 
sits  for  a  variable  period. 

Bath,  Hand,  Mamdu'vium,  (F.)  Bai7i  de  3Iain 
ou  Mnnuluve,  is  a  bath  for  the  hands. 

Bath,  Head,  Capitilu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Tete 
ou  Capiitiluve,  a  bath  for  the  head. 

Bath,  Hip,  Coxcehi'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Fau- 
teuil,  Bain  de  Siege,  is  one  in  which  the  lower 
part  of  the  trunk  and  upper  part  of  the  thighs 
are  immersed. 

Bath,  Hot,  Balneum  Cal'idum,  Zestolu'sia, 
(F.)  Bain  chaud,  is  a  bath,  the  temperature  of 
which  is  98°  and  upwards;  the  Warm  Bath 
from  92°  to  98°;  the  Tepid  Bath,  (F.)  Bain 
Tiede,  Balneum  tep'idum.  from  85°  to  92°  ;  the 
Temperate  Bath,  (F.)  Bain  tempere,  from  75° 
to  85°;  the  Cool  Bath,  (F.)  Bain  frais,  from 
60°  to  75°  ;  the  Cold  Bath,  Balneum  frig'idnm, 
Frigida'rium,  (F.)  Bain  froid.  Bain  tres  froid, 
(of  some,)  from  30°  to  60°  ;  and  the  Vapour 
Bath,  Balneum  vapo'ris,  (F.)  Bain  de  Yapeur, 
Etuve  Humide,  from  100°  to  130°,  and  upwards. 
See  Vaporarium.  A  Warm  Air  Bath,  or  Hot 
Air  Bath,  consists  of  air  the  temperature  of 
which  is  raised. 

Bath,  Med'icated,  Balneum  Medlca'tiim,  (F.) 
Bain  medicinal,  is  a  bath,  formed  of  decoctions 
or  infusions  of  vegetable  substances,  or  of  any 
ingredient,  introduced  into  the  water  for  thera- 
peutical purposes. 

Bath,  Mercurial,  Bath,  antisyphilitic  —  b. 
Nitro-muriatic  acid,  Scott's  acid  batli — b.  Plunge, 
see  Bath. 

Bath,  Sand,  Balneum  Are'nce,  (F.)  Bain  de 
Sable,  consists  of  a  vessel  filled  with  sand,  and 
placed  over  the  fire.  Into  this  vessel,  the  one  is 
put  which  contains  the  substance  to  be  evapo- 
rated.    See  Psammismus. 

Bath,  Sea,  Balneum  mari'num,  (F.)  Bain  de 
mer.     A  sea-water  bath. 

Bath,  Shower,  Implu'vium,  Hydroco'nium,  is 
one  in  which  the  water  is  made  to  fall  like  a 
shower  on  the  body.  See  Douche. 
Bath,  Sitz,  see  Bath,  half. 
Bath,  Steam,  may  be  formed  by  introducing 
steam  into  a  properly  closed  vessel  in  place  of 
water,  as  in  the  water  bath. 

Bath,  Succes'sion,  Transit"ion  bath.    A  term 


BATH 


121 


CAURAC 


applied  to  the  rapid  succession  or  transition  from 
a  cold  to  a  warm  or  hot  bath,  or  conversely. — 
Bell. 

Bath,  Suxphur,  Bal'neum  Sulph'uris,  Snlpkii- 
rett'ed  bath.  A  bath  much  used  in  psora,  and 
other  chronic  cutaneous  affections.  It  ma}'  be 
composed  of  two  ounces  of  diluted  sulphuric  acid, 
and  eight  ounces  of  sulphuret  of  potassium  added 
to  each  bath;  or  simply  of  the  sulphuret  of  po- 
tassium. 

Bath,  Sulphur  Vapour,  see  Sulphurous  Acid. 

Bath,  Tan.  An  astringent  bath,  prepared,  at 
times,  by  boiling  two  or  three  handfuls  of  ground 
oak-bark, — such  as  is  used  by  tanners  —  in  two 
or  three  quarts  of  water,  for  half  an  hour,  and 
then  adding  the  decoction  to  the  water  of  the 
bath. 

Bath,  Temperate,  see  Bath,  hot  —  b.  Tepid, 
see  Bath,  hot — b.  Transition,  Bath,  succession — 
b.  Vapour,  see  Bath,  hot,  and  Vaporarium — b. 
Warm,  see  Bath,  hot. 

Bath,  Water,  Balneum  Ifar'icB  sou  Maris, 
(E.)  Bain  Marie,  in  chemistry,  consists  of  a  ves- 
sel filled  with  boiling  water,  or  salt  water,  in 
which  the  vessel  is  placed,  that  contains  the  sub- 
stance to  be  evaporated. 

Bathing  is  much  employed  in  the  treatment  of 
disease.  The  cold  bath,  especially  the  cold  sea 
bath,  is  a  sedative  and  indirect  tonic :  the  warm 
bath  a  relaxant;  and  the  hot  bath  a  stimulant. 

The  regular  use  of  the  bath  is  extremely  con- 
ducive to  health  ;  but  if  too  much  indulged  in,  it 
is  apt  to  produce  injurious  effects. 

BATH  ALUM  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia, 
Mineral  Waters  of. 

BATH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Aqua 
Batho'nicB  vel  BncViza,  Aqua  Solis,  Aqua  Bad'- 
iffua.  Celebrated  thermal  springs  at  Bath,  in 
England.  They  contain  but  little  impregnation, 
and  are  chiefly  indebted  to  their  temperature, 
from  112°  to  117°  Fahrenheit,  for  their  utility. 
The  main  ingredients  are  sulphate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
lime,  protoxide  of  iron,  free  carbonic  acid  and 
azote. 

These  waters  are  employed  in  the  most  hete- 
rogeneous cases;  and  are  serviceable  where  the 
simple  thermal  springs  are  indicated,  as  in  rheu- 
matism, paralysis,  <tc. 

BATH  SPRINGS,  in  Berkley  County,  Vir- 
ginia, is  a  mild  carbonated  water :  temperature 
73°  Fahr.  It  is  a  useful  bath  in  cutaneous  affec- 
tions, and  is  said  to  contain  some  of  the  salts  of 
lime  and  magnesia. 

BA'TIIER,  same  etymon;  Balnea'rius,  Boli- 
nea'tor,  Balnea'tor,  (P.)  Baigneur.  One  who 
bathes.  Anciently,  the  name  was  given  to  those 
that  administered  baths  to  the  diseased,  —  the 
Etuvistea  of  the  French.  At  the  present  day,  in 
remote  districts  in  Germany,  the  country  people 
call  their  medical  practitioners  Bader  or  'bath- 
men,'  and  Feldsch  eeren  or  'army  barbers.' 

BATHING,  see  Bath. 

BATHMIS,  Bathmus,  'base,  support.'  The 
cavity  of  a  bone,  which  receives  the  eminence  of 
another;  and  especially  the  two  Fossettes  at  the 
inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus  into  which  the 
processes  of  the  ulna  are  received,  during  the 
flexion  and  extension  of  the  fore-arm. 

BATHRON,  Bathrum  Hippoc'ratis,  Scamnum 
HIppoe'rntis,  Bate'rion,  'a  step,  a  ladder.'  (F.) 
Ba)ic  d' Hippocrate.  An  instrument,  used  for  the 
extension  of  a  limb,  in  eases  of  fracture  or  luxa- 
tion. The  description  of  it  is  found  in  Galen, 
Oribasius,  and  Scultetus,  with  a  figure. 

BATHRUM  HIPPOCRATIS,  Bathron. 

BATIA,  Retort. 

EATISSE,   MINERAL  WATERS   OF.     Ba- 


tisse  is  three  leagues  from  Clermont,  in  France, 
The  water  is  tepid,  and  contains  subcarbonate 
and  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphates  of  lime  and  iron, 
muriate  of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 

BATOS,  Ruhus  Idajus. 

BATRACHUS,  Ranula. 

BATTALISM'US,  Battaris'mvs,  from  /Sarrapc- 
^££1/,  'to  stammer.'  Balbuties.  Stammering  with 
incapacity  to  pronounce  the  R. 

BATT'ALUS,  Bat'tarus,  same  etymon.  A 
stammerer,  a  stutterer. 

BATTARISMUS,  Battalismus. 

BATTARUS,  Battalus. 

BATTATA  VIRGINIANA,  Solanum  tubero- 
sum. 

BATTEMENS  DOUBLES,  see  Bruit  du 
Cceur  fceial. 

BATTEMENT,  Pulsation. 

BAUDRICOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Baudricourt  is  a  town  of  France,  two  leagues 
and  a  half  from  Mirecourt.  The  waters  are  sul- 
phureous. 

BA  UDR  UCHES,  Con dom. 

BAUHIN,  VALVE  OF,  Valve  of  Tul'pius, 
V.  of  Fallo'pius,  V.  of  Varo'lius,  Il'eo-coeeal 
Valve,  Ileo-colie  Valve,  Val'vula  Ilei,  Val'vula 
Coli,  V.  Caci,  Oper'culum  Ilei,  Sjjhincier  llti. 
This  name  is  given  to  the  valve  situate  trans- 
versely at  the  place  where  the  ileum  opens  into 
the  ccecum,  and  which  Baubin  says  he  discovered 
at  Paris,  in  1759.  It  had,  however,  been  pre- 
viously described  by  several  anatomists ;  as  by 
Vidus  Vidius,  Postius,  &c. 

BAUME,  Balsam — h.  d'Acier,  Balsam,  chaly- 
beate—  h.  d'Aiguillen,  Balsam,  chalybeate — h. 
d'Amerique,  see  Toluifera  balsamum  —  b.  Apo- 
plectique,  Balsam,  apoplectic  —  b.  d'Arcaus,  At- 
casus,  balsam  of;  see,  also.  Balsam  of  Areaaus — 
b.  d'Arceus,  Unguentum  elemi  compositum  — 
b.  Aromatique,  Balsam,  aromatic — h.  Benjoin, 
Benjamin — h.  Blanc,  see  Amyris  Opobalsamum — 
6.  du  Bresil,  Copaiba — b.  de  Canada,  see  Pinus 
balsamea  —  b.  de  Cannelle,  Laurus  einnamomum 
—  b.  de  Carpathie,  Balsam  of  Carpathia — h.  de 
Cartharjene,  see  Toluifera  balsamum — b.  de  Con- 
stantinople i^ajic,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b. 
de  Copjahu,  Copaiba  —  b.  Cordiale  de  Sennerte, 
Balsam,  cordial,  of  Sennertus — b.  d'Eau  dfeiiilles 
ridees,  Mentha  crispa  —  b.  de  Feuillet,  Balsam, 
green,  of  Metz — b.  de  Fioraventi  spiritueuse,  Bal- 
sam, spirituous,  of  Fioraventi — b.  de  Fourcroy  ou 
de  Laborde,  Balsam  of  Fourcroy  or  Laborde  —  b. 
des  Funerailles,  Asphaltum  —  b.  de  Galaad,  see 
Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  de  Genevieve,  Balsam 
of  Genevieve  —  6.  Grand,  Tanacetum  balsamita 
— b.  du  Grand  Caire,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
— b.  Hydriodate,  Balsam,  ioduretted — b.  Hypnoti- 
que.  Balsam,  Hypnotic  —  b.  Eysterique,  Balsam, 
hysteric — 6.  des  hides,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum 
— b.  lodure.  Balsam,  ioduretted — b.  des  Jardins, 
Mentha  viridis — b.  c/e  Zdcaie/,  Balsam,  Lucatelli's 
— b.  Marie,  see  Fagara  octandra — 6.  de  Momie,  As- 
phaltum—  b.  Nervin,  Bals.am,  nervous  —  b.  de 
Perou,see:  Mj'roxylon  Peruiferum  —  b.  de  Saint- 
Thomas,  see  Toluifera  balsamum — b.  du  Samari- 
I  tain,  Balsam  of  the  Samaritan — b.  Saxon,  Balsam, 
Saxon  —  b.  de  Soufre,  Balsam  of  sulphur — b.  de 
Sympathie,  Balsam  of  sympathy — b.  Tranquille, 
Balsam,  tranquil  —  b.  de  Tolu,  see  Toluifera 
balsamum  —  b.  de  Vanille,  Vanilla — b.  Vert,  see 
Fagara  octandra — b.  Vert  de  3[etz,  Balsam,  green, 
of  Metz — b.  de  Vie  d' Hoffmann,  Balsam  of  Life, 
of  Hoffmann  —  b.  de  Vie  de  Lelievre,  Tinctura 
aloes  composita  —  6.  Vrai,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum— b.  Vulneraire  de  Minderer,  Balsam,  vul- 
nerary, of  Mindererus. 
BAU3IIER,  Bohamier. 

BAURAC,  (Arab.)  Nitre,  or  salt  in  general. 
From  this  word  comes  Boras. 


BAURIN 


122 


BEDFORD 


BAUPtlX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Baurin 
is  a  village  four  leagues  from  Roye,  department  of 
Somme.     The  waters  are  strongly  chalybeate. 

JBAVE  (¥.),  Sali'va  ex  orejiiiens,  Spnma,  ITu- 
mor  Sali'vus.  Frothy,  thick,  viscid  saliva,  issu- 
ing from  the  mouth.  This  drivelling  or  slaver- 
ing, we  see  in  children,  old  people,  <fec.  The  term 
is,  also,  applied  to  the  frothy  liquid,  which  flows 
from  the  mouth  of  rabid  animals.  Sauvages  uses 
it  synonymously  with  salivation. 

BAVEUX,  Baveuse,  an  epithet,  occasionally 
applied  by  the  French  to  the  spongy  flesh  of  a 
wound,  which  suppurates,  and  exhibits  but  little 
tendency  to  heal. 

BAY,  CASTOR,  Magnolia  glauea— b.  Rose, 
Rhododendron  chrysanthemum  —  b.  Rose,  Ame- 
rican, Rhododendron  maximum — b.  Sweet,  Lau- 
rus  —  b.  White,  Magnolia  glauea  and  M.  macro- 
phylla. 
BDALSIS,  Sucking. 
BDELLA,  Hirudo. 

BDEL'LIUM,  2fi/vr7in  imperfee'ta,  Bolchon, 
Madeleon,  Balchus.  A  gum-resin,  brought  from 
the  Levant  and  India,  and  supposed  to  be  ob- 
tained from  a  species  of  Arnyria,  little  known. 
It  is  solid,  brittle,  of  a  deep  brown  colour,  of  an 
acrid  and  bitter  taste,  and  sweet  odour.  It  was 
much  vaunted  by  the  ancients,  but  is  now  little 
employed.  Two  different  gum-resins  have  been 
in  the  shops,  distinguished  by  the  names  Indian 
and  African  bdellium.  Dr.  Royle  was  informed 
that  the  former  was  obtained  from  Am'yria  Com- 
miph'ora,  growing  in  India  and  Madagascar. 
The  latter  is  said  to  be  from  Heudelo'tia  Afri- 
ca'na,  which  grows  in  Senegal. 

BDELLOM'ETER,    from    /3MXa,    'a   leech,' 
(PhXXui.  '  I  suck,')  and  ixerpov,  '  measure.'    An  in- 
strument, proposed  as  a  substitute  for  the  leech ; 
inasmuch  as  we  can  tell  the  quantity  of  blood  ob- 
taine<l  by  it,  whilst  we  cannot  by  the  leech.     It 
consists  of  a  cupping-glass,  to  which  a  scarifica- 
tor and  exhausting  syringe  are  attached. 
BDELLUS.  Fart. 
BDELY(iMIA,  Fart. 
BDELYGMUS,  Fart. 
BDESMA,  Flatulence. 
BDOLUS,  Fart. 

BEAD  TREE,  Melia  Azedaracb. 
BEAL.  Phlegmon,  to  Suppurate. 
BKALING,  Pregnant. 

BEAN,  CARTHAGENA,  Habilla  de  Cartha- 
gena — -  b.  Egyptian,  Nyrapheea  nelumbo — b. 
French,  Phaseolus  vulgaris  —  b.  Garden,  com- 
mon, Vieia  faba — b.  Indian,  Catalpa — b.  Kidney, 
Phaseolus  vulgaris  —  b.  Malacca,  Avicennia  to- 
mentosa  —  b.  Pontic,  Nymphaaa  nelumbo — b. 
Red,  Abrus  prccatorius  —  b.  Sacred,  Nelumbium 
luteum  —  b.  St.  Ignatius's,  Ignatia  amara  —  b. 
Tonka.  Dipterix  odorata  —  b.  Tree,  Catalpa  —  b. 
Tree,  white,  Crataegus  aria. 

Bkan  Trefoil  Tree,  see  Cytisine. 
BEARBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 
BEARD.   (Sax.)  beaT^o,   (G.)  Bart,  Barba, 
Pogrin,    Genei'on,  Barhi'lium,   (F.)  Borbe.      The 
hair  which  covers  a  part  of  the  cheek,  the  lips, 
and  chin  of  the  male  sex,  at  the  age  of  puberty. 

BEAR'S  BREECH,  Acanthus  mollis— b.  Foot, 
Helleborus  fcetidus  —  b.  Fright,  Heptallon  gra- 
veolens — b.  Grass,  Yucca  filamentosa — b.  Whor- 
tleberry, Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BRARWEED,  Veratrum  viride. 
B EASTINGS,  Colostrum. 
BEASTLINGS,  Colostrum. 
BEATING  OF  THE  HEART,  see  Heart. 
BEAUGENCY,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 
Beaugency  is  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  Orleans. 
The  waters  contain   subcarbonate   of  soda,  iron, 
magnesia,  and  lime.    They  are  tonic  and  aperient. 


BEAUMONT  ROOT,  Gillenta  trifoliata. 
BEALVAIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
waters  are  chalybeate.     Beauvais  is  in  Picardie, 
France. 

BEAVER,  Castor  fiber— b.  Wood,  Celtis  occi- 
dentalis.  Magnolia  glauea  —  b.  Tree,  Magnolia 
glauea,  M.  macrophylla. 

BEBEERIA,  see  Bebeeru. 

BEBEERINE,  see  Bebeeni. 

BEBEERU,  Sipeeri.  A  tree  of  British  Gui- 
ana, which  j'ields  two  alkalies — Beheerine,  Bebee'- 
rina,  Bebee'ria  or  Biberine,  a.Tid  Sipeerine ;  and 
in  its  properties  resembles  the  Cinchonas.  It  has 
been  referred  to  Nectan'dra  Rodiei.  Ord.  Lau- 
rineas.  The  timber  of  the  tree  is  known  to  ship- 
builders by  the  name  bibiru  or  green-heart.  The 
Sulphate  of  Bebeeria  has  been  employed  in  inter- 
mittents.  Warburg's  Fever  Drops,  Tinctu'ra  an- 
tifebri'lis  Warbur'gi,  an  empirical  antiperiodic 
preparation,  have  by  some  been  considered  to  be 
a  tincture  of  the  seeds  of  the  Bebeeru,  but  this  is 
questionable. 

BEC,  (F.)  Rostrum,  Beak.  This  name  has  been 
applied  to  various  parts. 

BEC  CORACO'iDIEN,  (F.)  Cor'aeoid  heah,  is 
the  end  of  the  coracoid  process. 

BEC  BE  CUILLER,  Ham'ulus.  An  instru- 
ment used  for  the  extraction  of  balls.  It  consists 
of  an  iron  rod,  7  or  8  inches  long,  having  at  one 
extremity  a  small  cavity,  into  which  the  ball  is 
received  to  be  drawn  outwards.  See  Cochleari- 
formis. 

BEC  DE  GRUE  MUSQTJE,  Geranium  Mos- 
chatum — 6.  de  Grue  Robertin,  Geranium  Roberti- 
anum — b.  de  Lievre,  Harelip. 

BEO  DE  LA  PLUME  A  ECRIRE  (F.), 
Beak  of  the  Calamus  Scripto'rius,  is  a  small  cavity 
at  the  superior  part  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
which  forms  part  of  the  4th  ventricle. 

BEC,  (Le.)  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Bee 
is  six  leagues  from  Rouen,  in  Normandy.  The 
water  is  strongly  chalybeate. 

BECCABUNGA,  Veronica  Beccabunga. 

BECHiESTHE'SIS,  from  /3^f,  fipx°^,  'cough,' 
and  awGnaii,  'sensation.'  The  excitement  or  de- 
sire to  cough. 

BECHIA,  Tussis. 

BECHIAS,  Tussis. 

BE'CHICS,  Be'chica,  Becha,  Bec'cJiica,  Be', 
chita,  from  j3;;f,  (irj^os,  '  cough,'  {¥.)  Bechiquee. 
Medicines  adapted  for  allaying  cough. 

BECHITA,  Beehic. 

BECHIUM,  Tussilago. 

BECHORTHOPNCEA,  Pertussis. 

BECUIBA,  Ibieuiba. 

BED,  HYDROSTATIC,  Water  bed— b.  Water, 
Arnott's,  see  Water  bed. 

BED'EGAR,  Bedeguar,  Bedeguard,  Spon'gia 
Cynos'bati,  Fungus  Rosa' rum,  F.  Cynos'bati,  (F.) 
Pomme  monsseuse,  Eponge  d'eglantier.  An  ex- 
crescence, which  makes  its  appearance  on  dif- 
ferent species  of  wild  roses,  and  which  is  pro- 
duced by  the  puncture  of  a  small  insect, —  Cy- 
nips  RoscB.  It  was  formerly  employed  as  a 
lithontriptic  and  vermifuge,  but  is  not  now  used. 
It  was  slightly  astringent. 

BEDFORD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bed- 
ford is  a  village,  situate  on  the  great  AVestern 
Turnpike  road  from  Philadelphia  to  Pittsburg,  a 
few  miles  east  of  the  chief  elevation  of  the  Alle- 
ghany mountains.  The  "  Springs"  are  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  from  the  village.  They  are  saline 
and  sulphureous.  The  most  celebrated  —  the 
"  Mineral  Spring"  or  "Anderson's  Spring" — con- 
tains carbonic  acid,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  chlo- 
rides of  sodium  and  calcium,  and  carbonate  of 
iron,  but  none  of  these  articles  in  great  quan- 
tity; hence,  the  main  action  of  the  waters  is  diu- 


BEDLAM 


123 


BELL   METAL 


retic.  At  some  distance  from  the  Springs,  there 
is  a  chalybeate  water;  and  about  10  miles  S.  W. 
of  Bedford,  at  Milliken's  Cove,  a  strong  sulphure- 
ous spring.  The  climate  of  Bedford  Springs  is 
agreeable.  During  the  heat  of  summer,  the 
nights  are  generally  cool.  In  the  morning  of 
July  14,  1853,  the  author  marked  the  thermome- 
ter, at  five  o'clock,  A.  M.,  at  45°.  Three  days 
before,  however,  it  was  at  70°  at  the  same  hour. 

BEDLAM,  Morotrophium. 

BEDLAMITE,  Insane. 

BEDSTRAW,  Galium  verum— b.  Ladies, 
greater,  Galium,  mollugo,  Galium  verum  —  b. 
Rough,  Galium  asprellum — b.  Ladies,  rough, 
Galium  asprellum. 

BEE,  Sax.  beo.  AjiisjA.  nellif'ica  seu  domest'ica, 
MeUs'sa,  Melit'ta,  (F.)  Aheille.  This  insect  was 
formerly  exhibited,  when  dried  and  powdered,  as 
a  diuretic. 

Bee  IX  THE  BojfNET,  see  Insanity. 

BEEBREAD,  Propolis. 

BEECH,  Fagus  sylvatica — b.  Drop,  Orobanche 
Virginiana — b.  Drops,  false,  Hypopitys  lanugi- 
nosa. 

Beech,  Albany,  Pterospora  Andromedea. 

Beech,  Mast,  see  Fagus  sylvatica. 

BEEDY'S  EYES,  Viola  tricolor. 

BEEF  ESSENCE,  see  Beef  tea. 

Beef  Tea,  Jus  bovi'num.  An  infusion  of  beef, 
much  used  in  debilitating  maladies,  and  in  con- 
valescence. It  may  be  made  as  follows :  Take 
two  pounds  and  a  half  of  lean  beef:  cut  it,  in 
small  pieces,  into  three  parts  of  jcafer  in  an  earthen 
pipkin  :  let  this  simmer,  but  never  boil,  until  the 
liquor  is  consumed  to  a  pint  and  a  half:  then 
strain  carefully.  It  ought  to  be  entirely  free 
from  fat  or  grease. — Dr.  E.  J.  Seymour. 

Hnsence  of  beef — as  it  has  been  called — may  be 
made  by  putting  a  pound  of  good  beef,  freed  from 
fat,  and  cut  into  small  pieces,  into  a  porter-bot- 
tle, corking  lightly.  The  bottle  must  be  put  into 
boiling  water,  and  kept  there  until  the  water  has 
been  boiling  at  least  half  an  hour.  As  the  boil- 
ing goes  on,  the  cork  may  be  inserted  a  little 
more  tightly,  to  retain  the  contents  of  the  bottle. 
The  juices  of  the  beef  are  thus  separated,  and 
constitute  the  '  essence,'  which  may  be  seasoned 
to  the  taste.     It  contains  much  nutriment. 

BEEN,  Centaurea  behen. 

BEER,  Cerevisia  —  b.  Black,  see  Falltranck — 
b.  Chowder,  see  Chowder  —  b.  Pipsissewa,  see 
Pyrola  umbellata. 

Beer,  Jews',  See  Pinus  sylvestris — b.  Springs, 
see  Water,  Mineral  (gaseous.) 

Beer,  Sprcce,  Cerevis'ia  Abie'tis,  may  be 
prepared  as  follows.  Take  of  Essence  of  Spruce, 
half  a  pint;  Pimento,  bruised;  Ginger,  bruised; 
Hops,  of  each,  four  ounces  ;  water,  three  gallons. 
Boil  for  five  or  ten  minutes ;  strain,  and  add  of 
warm  water  eleven  gallons  ;  yeast,  a  pint ;  molas- 
ses,sis  pints.  Mix  and  allow  to  ferment  for  twenty 
hours.     Used  as  an  agreeable  drink  in  summer. 

Beer,  Tar,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

BEET,  Beta. 

BEEST,  Colostrum. 

BEESTINGS,  Colostrum. 

BEETLEWEED,  Galax  aphylla. 

BEGAIEMENT,  Balbuties. 

BEGMA, — according  to  some.  Bregma, — from 
firiaauv  or  Pprjcrtretv,,  '  to  expectorate  after  cough- 
ing.' Coughing ;  also,  the  sputum  or  expecto- 
rated matter. — Hippocrates. 

BEGO'NIA.  The  Begonia  grandiflo'ra  and 
B.  tomento'sa  have  astringent  roots,  which  are 
used  in  Peru  in  cases  of  hemorrhage,  scurvy,  low 
fevers,  &c. 

BEGUE,  Balbus. 


BEHEN  ABIAD,  Centaurea  behen  —  h.  Al- 
bum, Centaurea  behen  —  b.  Officinarum,  Cucu- 
balus  behen  —  h.  ^o7<gre,  Statice  limonium — b. 
Vulgaris,  Cucubalus  behen. 

BEHMEN  ACKMAR,  Statice  limonium. 

BEIAHALALEN,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

BEIDELSAR,  Aselepias  proeera. 

BEIST,  Colostrum. 

BEISTINGS,  Colostrum. 

BEISTYN,  Colostrum. 

BEJUIO,  Habilla  de  Carthagena. 

BELA-AYE  or  BE-LAHE,  A  tonic  and 
astringent  bark  of  a  Madagascar  tree.  Du-petit- 
Thouars  and  Sonnerat  think  it  may  be  substi- 
tuted for  the  Simarouba. 

BELADAMBOC.  A  species  of  convolvulus  of 
the  Malabar  coast,  which  contains  an  acrid  milky 
juice.  From  this  a  liniment  is  formed  with  oil 
and  ginger,  which  is  used  against  the  bites  of 
rabid  animals. 

BE-LAHE,  Bela-aye. 

BELA-MODAGAM.  A  kind  of  Scce'vola  of  the 
Malabar  coast,  the  leaves  of  which  are  considered 
diuretic  and  emmenagogue. 

BEL  ANDRE,  (F.)  A  litter,  surrounded  with 
curtains,  in  which  patients  are  sometimes  carried 
to  hospitals. 

BELCHING,  Eructation. 

BELD,  Athrix. 

BELEMNOID,  Belenoid. 

BELEMNOIDES  PROCESSUS,  Styloid  pro- 
cesses. 

BEL'ENOID,  BEL'ONOID,  BEL'EMNOID 
or  BEL'OID,  BelenoVdes  or  BelemnoVdes  Pro- 
ces'sus,  from  Pe\os,  'an  arrow,'  and  ti^oj,  'shape.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  styloid  processes 
in  general — Processus  beleno'i'des. 

BELESME,  see  Bellesme. 

BELESON,  Balsam,  Musssenda  frondosa. 

BELILLA,  Mussaenda  frondosa. 

BELINUM,  Apium  Graveolens. 

BELI  OCULUS,  Belloculus. 

BELL,  CANTERBURY,  Campanula  trache- 
lium. 

BELLADONE,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLADON'NA,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  is  the  officinal  name  of  the  leaves 
of  Atropa  Belladonna. 

Belladonna  Baccifera,  Atropa  belladonna — 
b.  Trichotoma,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLADONNIN,  Atropine. 

BELLE-BLOME,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

BELLE  DA3IE,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLEGU,  Myrobalanus. 

BELLEREGL  Myrobalanus. 

BELLESiME,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bellesme  is  about  three  leagues  from  Montague, 
in  France.     The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BELLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
waters  at  Belley,  department  of  Ain,  in  France, 
are  saline  aperients. 

BELLFLOWER,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

BELLIDOIDES,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthe- 
mum. 

BELLIS,  Bellus,  ('pretty,')  Bellis  peren'nis 
seu  minor  seu  horten'sis,  Sym'phytum  miu'imum, 
Bruisewort,  Common  Daisy,  (Sc.)  Ewe-gowan, 
(Prov.)  Bairnworts,  (F.)  Paquerette  vivace,  petite 
Marguerite.  Ord.  Compositse.  The  leaves  and 
flowers  are  rather  acrid.  They  were,  atone  time, 
considered  to  cure  different  species  of  wounds. 
See  Osmitopsis  asteriscoides. 

Bellis  Hortensis,  Bellis — b.  Major,  Chrysan- 
themum leucanthemum  —  b.  Minor,  Bellis  —  b. 
Perennis,  Bellis  —  b.  Pratensis,  Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum. 

BELLIT,  Athrix. 

BELL  METAL,  Cal'cocos,  (F.)  Airain,  MStal 
des  cloches.     An  alloy  of  copper,  zinc,  tin,  and  a 


BELLOCULUS 


124 


BERBERIS 


small  quantity  of  antimony,  used  for  making 
bells.  The  mortars  of  the  apothecary  are  often 
formed  of  this  material.  They  require  to  be  kept 
clean,  to  avoid  the  formation  of  verdigris. 

BELLOCULUS,  Beli  Oc'vlns.  A  kind  of  gem, 
■which  the  Assyrians  considered  efficacious  in  the 
cure  of  many  diseases.  They  imagined  that  the 
figure  of  an  eye  could  be  seen  in  it,  and  hence  its 
name,  Bel's  Eye,  from  the  god  Bel. 

BELLON,  Colic,  metallic. 

BELLOTAS,  see  Ilex  major. 

BELLOWS'  SOUND,  Bruit  de  soufflet  —  h.  s. 
Encephalic,  see  Bruit  de  soufflet. 

Bellows'  Sound,  Punic,  a  single  murmur  of 
the  bellows  kind,  synchronous  with  the  first  sound 
of  the  heart;  heard  by  some  observers,  and  re- 
ferred by  them  to  diminished  calibre  of  the  um- 
bilical arteries,  either  by  pressure  or  stretching 
of  the  funis,  or  both. 

Bellows'  Sound,  Placental,  Bruit  placen- 
taire. 

BELLWORT,  SMALLER,  Uvularia  perfoliata. 

BELLY,  Venter,  from  Ir.  bolg,  'the  belly,  a  bag 
or  pouch'  [?].  At  the  present  day,  the  abdomen. 
Formerly,  all  the  splanchnic  cavities  Were  called 
bellies;  —  the  lower  belhj,  venter  in'Jiiiius,  being 
the  abdomen  ;  the  middle  belli/,  venter  me'dius, 
the  thorax  ;  and  the  upper  belly,  venter  snpre'mus, 
the  bead.     Also,  the  womb.     See  Venter. 

BELLY-ACH,  Colica. 

Belly-ach,  DiiY,  Colica  metallica. 

Belly-ach  Root,  Angelica  lucida. 

BELLY-BAND,  Belt,  Russian. 

BELLY-BOUND,  Constipated. 

BELLY-GOD,  Glutton. 

BELLY-HARM,  Colic. 

BELLY,  POT,  Physconia. 

BELLY-THRA,  Colic. 

BELLY-TIMBER,  Aliment. 

BELLY-WARK,  Colic. 

BELMUSCHUS,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

BELNILEG,  Myrobalanus. 

BELOID,  Belenoid. 

BELOIDES  PROCESSUS,  Styloid  processes. 

BELONE,  Needle. 

BELONODES,  Styloid. 

BELONOID,  Belenoid. 

BEL'S  EYE,  Belloculus. 

BELT,  RUSSIAN,  re?itra'le,— vulgarly,  Belly- 
band, — Abdominal  supporter.  A  broad  bandage 
applied  to  the  abdomen,  so  as  to  support,  and  make 
methodical  pressure  upon  it.  Different  forms  have 
been  termed  obstetric  binders,  utero-abdominal 
supporters,  &c. 

BELUL'CUM,  from  jScAof,  'a  dart,'  and  'tAxo., 
'  I  draw  out.'  An  instrument  used  for  extracting 
darts  or  arrows.  Many  instruments  of  this  kind 
have  been  noticed  by  surgeons. —  Ambrose  Pare, 
Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente. 

BELZOE.  Benjamin. 

BELZOIM,  Benjamin. 

BELZOINUM,  iienjamin. 

BEN,  Guilandina  moringa — b.  of  Judsea,  Ben- 
jamin— b.  Nut,  Guilandina  moringa. 

BENATH,  Pustule. 

BENEDICTA  SYLVESTRIS,  Geum  rivale. 

BENEDICTUM  LAXATIVUM,  Confectio 
sennte. 

BENEFICE  DE  LA  NATURE,  Beneficium 
naturae — 6.  de  Ventre,  see  Beneficium  naturae. 

BENEFICIUM  NATU'R^,  (F.)  Benefice  de 
la  nature.  This  term  is  used  by  the  French  pa- 
thologists for  cases  in  which  diseases  have  got  well 
without  medical  treatment.  AVith  them,  Benefice 
de  nature,  or  B.  de  ventre,  is  synonymous  also  with 
Alvi  Proflu'vium ; — a  spontaneous  diarrhoea,  often 
acting  favourably  either  in  the  prevention  or  cure 
of  disease. 

BENELi,  Croton  racemosum.  1 


BENEOLENS,  from  Jejie,  'well,' and  olere,  'to 
smell.'  Euo'des,  Suaveolens.  A  sweet-scented 
medicine,  as  gums,  &c. 

BENG,  Bangue. 

BENGALE  INDORUM.  Cassumuniar. 

BENGAL  ROOT,  Cassumuniar. 

BENGI,  Hyoscyamus. 

BENIGN',  Benig'nus,  Eueth'es,  (F.)  BSnin, 
Benigne.  Diseases  of  a  mild  character  are  so 
called:  as  well  as  medicines  whose  action  is  not 
violent,  as  &  Benign  Fever,  Febria  benig'na  impa'- 
tris,  &c. 

BENIN,  Benign. 

BEN'JAMIN,  corruption  of  Ben'zoin,  Benzo'- 
inum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  B.  verum,  Assa  odora'ta  seu 
dulcis,  Benjui,  Benjuin,  Asa  or  Ben'juoy,  Benjo'- 
intini,  Belzoe,  Belzoim,  Ben'zoe,  Sty'racis  Benzo'- 
ini  BaV samum,  Liquor  Gyreni'acus,  Croton  Ben- 
zol, Ben  of  JudcB'a,  Acor  Benzo'inus,  Sal  Ac"idum 
seu  essentia'le  seu  volat'ile  Benzoes,  {¥.)  Benjoin, 
Baume  Benjoin,  Assa  donx.  A  resinous,  dry, 
brittle  substance,  the  concrete  juice  of  Slyrax 
Benzoin,  Arbor  Benivi,  Laurus  Benzoin,  of  Su- 
matra. The  odour  is  extremely  frag»ant,  and 
taste  slightly  aromatic.  It  is  principally  used 
for  the  preparation  of  the  acid  which  it  contains. 
It  is  also  employed  in  some  vulnerary  tinctures, 
and  as  an  expectorant.  Benzoic  Acid,  Ac"idum 
Benzo'icum,  is  obtained  from  it  by  sublimation. 
The  purest  Benjamin  is  in  amygdaloid  masses: 
hence  called  (F.)  Benjoin  amygdaloide. 

Benjamin  Bush,  Laurus  benzoin. 

Benjamin,  Flowers  of,  Ben'zoic  Acid,  Ae"- 
idum  Benzo'icum  seu  Benzoylicum,  Flores  Beneoes 
seu  Benzo'ini,  Ac"idum  Benzo'icum  per  subliina- 
tio'nem,  (F.)  Acide  Benzoique,  Fleurs  de  Benjoin. 
This  acid  exists  in  all  the  balsams,  but  chiefly  in 
Benzoin,  from  which  it  is  obtained  by  sublima- 
tion. It  is  in  vanilla,  canella,  the  urine  of  in- 
fants, and  of  herbivorous  animals.  Its  odour  is 
aromatic  and  fragrant;  taste  hot,  slightly  acidu- 
lous, and  agreeable.  The  crystals  consist  of 
white,  satiny  flakes,  slightly  ductile.  It  is  pro- 
bably stimulant;  and  has  been  used,  as  such,  in 
chronic  catarrh;  but  it  has  little  efiicacy. 

BEN.JAOY,  Benjamin. 

BENJOIN,  Benjamin. 

BENJOINUM,  Benjamin. 

BENJUL  Benjamin. 

BEN  MOENJA.  A  Malabar  tree.  An  alexi- 
pbarmic  decoction  is  made  of  its  roots,  in  the 
country,  which  is  much  praised  in  cases  of  malig- 
nant fever.  Its  bark,  boiled  with  Calamus  aroma- 
ticus  and  salt,  forms  a  decoction  used  in  bites  of 
poisonous  serpents. 

BENNE,  Sesamum  orientale. 

BENNET,  HERB,  Geum  urbanum,  and  G. 
Virgin  ianum. 

BENOITE,  Geum  urbanum  —  b.  Aquatique, 
Geum  rivale  —  b.  des  Ruisseaux,  Geum  rivale  — 
b.  de  Virginie,  Geum  Virginianum. 

BENZENE,  Benzole. 

BENZIN,  Benzole,  see  Anaesthetic 

BENZOATE  OF  AMMONIA,  AmmoniEe  ben- 
zoas. 

BENZOE,  Benjamin. 

BENZOENIL,  Vanilla. 

BENZOIN,  Benjamin — b.  Odoriferum,  Laurus 
Benzoin. 

BEN'ZOLE,  Benzin,  Benzene,  Phene,  Hy'dru- 
ret  of  Phen'yle.  A  constituent  of  coal-gas  tar, 
obtained  by  distilling  coal  naphtha.  It  is  a  co- 
lourless, oleaginous  liquid,  of  agreeable  odour. 
Sp.  gr.  0'85.  The  vapour,  when  inhaled,  acts  as 
an  anfesthetic. 

BBRBERINE,  see  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 

BERBERIS,  Oxyacantha  Galeni  — b.  Cana- 
densis, see  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 


BEREINE 


125 


BEZOAR 


BERBIN^E,  Verbena  officinalis. 
BERCE.  Ileracleum  spondylium. 
BERENDAROS,  Ocymum  basilicum. 
BERENICE,  Succinum. 
BERENICIUM,  Potassse  nitras. 
BEREXISECUM,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 
BERGAMOT',   Bergamote,   Bergamot'ta,   (F.) 
Bergamotte.    A  small  orange,  of  a  very  agreeable 
ta=te,  and  peculiar  odour.     From  its  rind  an  oil, 
Oleum  Berga'inii  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  obtained,  -n-hieh 
is  much  employed  as  a  perfume,  and  sometimes 
in  medicine.     See  Citrus  mella  rosa. 

BER'IBERI,  Berihe'ria,  Syn'clonus  Berihe'- 
ria,  Indosyn' clonus,  ParaVysis  Ber'iheri,  from 
beri  in  the  Singhalese  language,  which  signifies 
'weakness;'  therefore,  6e/-?'6er!', '  great  weakness.' 
This  word  is  also  said  to  be  Kindusthanee,  and 
to  mean  a  sheep. — Bontius.  Beriberi  is  an  In- 
dian disease,  little  known  in  Europe.  It  con-  ; 
sists  in  debility  and  tremors  of  the  limbs, — some-  ! 
times,  indeed,  of  the  whole  body;  with  painful 
numbness  of  the  affected  parts,  &c.: — the  patient 
walking  doubled,  and  imitating  the  movements 
of  sheep  !  Some  authors  have  esteemed  it  rheu- 
matic;  others,  paralytic;  others,  to  be  a  kind  of 
chorea.  It  is,  almost  always,  incurable  :  is  rarely 
fatal;  and  is  treated  by  exercise,  stimulant  fric- 
tion, sudorifies,  &c.  It  is  sometimes  called 
Bar'hiers,  but  this  would  seem  to  be  a  different 
disease. 

BERICOCCE,  Prunus  armeniaca. 
BERKLEY  SPRINGS,  see  Bath  Springs. 
BERLE  NODIFLORE,  Slum. 
BERL  UE,  Metamorphopsia. 
BEBMU'DAS,    CLIMATE    OF.      Pulmonary 
■invalids  are  occasionally  sent  to  Bermuda,  but 
the  principal    objection    to    a   winter   residence 
there,  is  the  prevalence  of  strong  winds;  espe- 
ciall}'   of   the   dry,   sharp,   and    cold  north-west 
winds,  during  the  winter  and  spring.      Still,  it 
affords  a  good  winter  retreat  for  the  phthisical, 
from  any  part  of  the  United  States,  provided  due 
care  be  selected  in  choosing  a  suitable  locality. 
The  neighbourhood  of  Hamilton  has  been  strongly 
recommended  with  this  view. 

BERNARD  THE  HERMIT,  Cancellus. 
BERRIES,  INDIAN,  see  Menispermura  coc- 
culus — b.  Turkey,  yellow,  see  Piper  cubeba. 

BERS.  A  sort  of  electuary,  composed  of  pep- 
per, seed  of  the  whitehyoscyamus,  opium,  euphor- 
bium,  saffron,  <tc.  The  Egyptians  used  it  as  an 
excitant. — Prospero  Alpini. 

BERU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bern  is 
in  Champagne,  France.  The  waters  are  slightly 
chalybeate. 

BERULA,  Slum  nodiflorum  —  b.  Angustifolia, 
Slum  nodiflorum. 
BESASA,  Ruta. 
BESICLES,  Spectacles. 

BESOIN,  Want— 6.  de  Resjnrer,  see  Want— 
h.  de  la  Vie,  Necessary  of  life. 

BESSANEM.     A  word  used  by  Avicenna,  for 

redness  of  the  skin,  limbs,  and  face,  produced  by 

the  action  of  cold. 

BESSON, 

BESSONNE, 

BETA.     The   Beet,  Sic'ula,  (F.)  Bette,  Bette- 

rctve.     i^am i7y,  Chenopodeae.     Sex.  Syst.Vexitnn- 

dria  Digynia.     A  genus  of  plants,  of  which  the 

following  are  the  chief  varieties  : 

Beta  'H.Y''&vt.m&.,  Root  of  Scarcity.  Root  red, 
outside;  white,  within.  Very  nutritive;  yields 
sugar. 

Beta  Vulga'ris  Alba,  White  Beet.  The  root 
yields  sugar,  and  the  leaves  are  eaten  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  spinach. 

Beta  Vulga'ris  PiUBEa,  Red  Beet.     Root  red 
and  nutritive  ;  yields  a  small  quantity  of  sugar. 
BETAYNE,  Betonica  officinalis. 


See  Gemellus. 


BETEL,  Pijjer  Betel,  Chavica  hefle.  A  species 
of  pepper,  cultivated  in  several  parts  of  India. 
The  East  Indians  are  in  the  habit  of  chewing 
the  leaves  with  lime  and  areca;  and  they  give 
the  name  Betel  to  this  preparation.  It  is  used  in 
all  the  equatorial  countries  of  Asia.  Betel  is  said 
to  be  tonic  and  astringent.  It  is  a.\so  called  Beite, 
Betre,  Beth.     See  Areca. 

BETHROOT,  Trillium  latifolium  —  b.  Broad- 
leaf,  Trillium  latifolium. 
BETISE,  Dementia. 

BETOINE,  Betonica  officinalis  —  I.  des  Mov- 
tagnes,  Arnica  montana —  b.  des  Savoyards,  Ar- 
nica montana. 

BETON,  Colostrum. 

BETONICA  AQUATICA,  Scrophularia  aqua- 
tica. 

Beton'icA  Officina'lis,  B.  purpu'rea,  Vet- 
ton'ica,  Cestron,  Bet'ony,  Wood  Betoiiy,  (Old 
Eng.)  Betayne,  Psychot'rophum,  Veroni'ca  pur- 
pu'rea, (F.)  Betoine.  Order,  Labiatfe.  Sex.  Syst. 
Didynamia  Gymnospermia.  Betony  was  in  much 
esteem  amongst  the  ancients,  who  employed  the 
flowers  and  leaves,  in  decoction,  in  gout,  sciatica, 
cephalalgia,  &c.  It  was  so  called,  according  to 
Pliny,  from  being  in  great  repute  among  the  Vet- 
tones  or  Bettones,  an  ancient  people  of  Spain. 
Antonius  Musa  is  said  to  have  written  a  volume 
in  praise  of  it;  recommending  it  in  no  less  than 
47  different  diseases.  It  has,  however,  little  or 
no  virtue.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be  aperient, 
;  and  the  root  emetic. 

Betonica  Pauli,  Veronica. 
BETONY,  Betonica  officinalis— b.  Paul's,  Ly- 
I  copus   sinuatus,  Lycopus  Virginicus,  Veronica — 
b.  Water,  Scrophularia  aquatica — b.Wood,  Beto- 
nica officinalis. 

BETRE,  Betel. 
I  BETTE,  Beta. 
1      BETTERAVE,  Beta. 

BET'ULA  ALBA,  St/^vJo.  The  Birch,  (Sc.) 
I  Birk,  (F.)  Bovleau  eomnum.  Order,  Betulacese. 
The  young  leaves  are  slightly  odorous,  astrin- 
1  gent,  and  bitter.  They  are  applied  to  wounds 
:  and  ulcers.  They  have  been  regarded  as  anti- 
'  scorbutic  and  anthelmintic.  The  tree  furnishes 
a  saccharine  juice,  which  is  considered  antiscor- 
{  butie  and  diuretic. 

I      BETULAEMAnGiNATA,Alnusglutinosa — b.  Glu- 
tinosa,  Alnus  glutinosa. 

Bet0LA  Lenta,  Siceet  Birch,  Black  Birch, 
Cherry  Birch,  Jlountaiii  Mahogany,  is  an  Ame- 
rican species,  the  bark  and  leaves  of  which  have 
the  smell  and  taste  of  Gaultheria  procumbens. 
An  infusion  is  sometimes  made  of  them,  and  used 
as  an  excitant  and  diaphoretic.  The  volatile  oil 
is  nearly,  if  not  wholly,  identical  with  that  of 
Gaultheria. 

BEURRE,  Butter  — 6.  de  Bambouc,  Butter  of 
bambouc  —  b.  de  Cacao,  Butter  of  cacao  —  b.  de 
Coco,  Butter  of  cocoa — b.  Vegetale,  Persea  gratis- 
sima. 

BEUVRIGNY,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 
Beuvrigny  is  in  the  vicinity  of  Bayeus,  in  Nor- 
mandy.    The  water  is  chalybeate. 
BEVERAGE,  Drink. 
BEVUE,  Diplopia. 

BEX,  Tussis — b.  Convulsiva,  Pertussis — b.  Hu- 
mida.  Expectoration — b.  Theriodes,  Pertussis. 
BEXIS,  Tussis. 

BEXU'GO.  Under  this  name,  a  purgative 
root  was  formerly  introduced  into  Europe  from 
Peru.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  root  of  a 
Hippoeratea. 

BEZ'OAR,  iJez'aar,  Bez'ehard,  Pa'zahar,  from 
Persian  Pa,  'against,'  and  sahar,  poison.  Lapis 
Bezoar'dicus,  CaV cuius  Bez' oar.  Enteral' ithiis  Be- 
zoar'dus,  Bezoard.    A  calculous  concretion,  found 


B£Z0ARD  D'ALLEMAONE    126 


BICHO 


in  the  stomach,  intestines,  and  bladder  of  ani- 
mals. Wonderful  virtues  were  formerly  attri- 
buted to  these  Bezoars.  There  were  two  great 
varieties:  the  Bez'oar  orienta'le,  An'imal  Bezoar'- 
tieum  orienta'le,  formed  in  the  fourth  stomach  of 
the  gazelle  of  India  {Gazel'la  In'diea,  or  rather 
Antilo'ptts  cervica'pra:)  and  the  Bez'oar  oeciden- 
ta'le,  Animal  Bezoar'ticum  oecidenta'le,  found  in 
the  fourth  stomach  of  the  wild  goaf  or  chamois 
of  Peru.  These  substances  were  esteemed  to  be 
powerful  alexipharmics;  but  the  former  was  the 
more  valued.  It  was  believed  that  no  poison, 
and  no  eruptive,  pestilential,  or  putrid  disease, 
could  resist  its  influence.  As  so  many  virtues 
were  ascribed  to  it,  other  animal  concretions  were 
substituted  for  it;  and  factitious  Bezoards  were 
made  of  crabs'  eyes  and  claws,  bruised  and  mixed 
with  musk,  ambergris,  <fec. 

Bez'oar  Bovi'num,  (F.)  Btzoard  de  Bcettf,  Be- 
zoard  of  the  heef.  A  concretion  formed  in  the 
fourth  stomach  of  beeves ;  also,  a  biliary  calcu- 
lus found  in  the  gall-bladder. 

Bez'oard  of  the  Deer,  B.  of  the  Lach'rymal 
Fossa  of  the  Deer,  Deer's  Tears.  A  moist,  highly 
odorous,  fatty  matter,  found  below  the  anterior 
canthus  of  the  orbit  of  the  red  deer — Cervus  el'e- 
phas.  It  has  been  used,  like  castor,  as  an  anti- 
spasmodic, in  the  dose  of  from  5  to  15  grains,  two 
or  three  times  a  day. 

Bezoar  Equinum,  Bezoard  of  the  horse  —  b. 
Hystricis,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian  porcupine. 

Bez'oard  op  Cayman.  This  was  once  much 
prized.     It  is  now  unknown. 

BEZOARD  D'ALLE3IAGNE,  ^gagropila. 

Bez'oard  of  the  Chamois,  and  B.  of  the 
Horse,  Bezoar  equi'num,  Hippol'ithus,  &C.,  exhi- 
bit their  origin  in  the  name. 

Bez'oard  op  the  Indian  Por'cupine,  Bez'oar 
Hifs'trieis,  Lapis  Porci'nus  seu  Mahicen'sis,  Petro 
del  Porco,  (F.)  Bezoard  de  Porc-Ejnc,  was  for- 
merly the  dearest  of  all  the  Bezoards,  and  was 
sold  at  an  enormous  price  in  Spain  and  Portu- 
gal. 

Bez'oard,  Mineral,  Antimonium  diaphoreti- 
cum — b.  Vegetable,  see  Calappite. 

BEZOAR'DIC,  Bezoar'dicus,  (F.)  Bezoardique ; 
concerning  the  bezoard.  Bezoardic  medicines  are 
those  supposed  to  possess  the  same  properties 
with  the  bezoard ;  as  antidotes,  alexiteria,  alexi- 
pharmics, cordials. 

BEZOARDICA  RADIX,  Dorstenia  contra- 
yerva. 

BEZOAR'DICUM  SATUR'Ifl.  A  pharma- 
ceutical preparation,  regarded  by  the  ancients  as 
antihysteric.  It  was  formed  of  protoxide  of  lead, 
butter  of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum  Huma'num.  Urinary  calculi 
were  formerly  employed  under  this  name  as 
powerful  alexipharmics. 

Bezoar'dicum  Jovia'le.  A  sort  of  greenish 
powder,  used  as  a  diaphoretic,  and  formed  of  an- 
timony, tin,  mercury,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum  Luna're.  A  medicine  formerly 
regarded  as  a  specific  in  epilepsy,  convulsions, 
megrim,  &c.  It  was  prepared  of  nitrate  of  sil- 
ver, and  butter  of  antimony. 

Bezoar'dicum  Martia'le.  A  tonic  medicine, 
used  by  the  ancients  in  diarrhoea.  It  was  pre- 
pared from  the  tritoxide  of  iron  and  butter  of 
antimony. 

Bezoar'dicum  Mekcuria'le.  A  medicine, 
formerly  vaunted  as  an  antisyphilitie,  and  pre- 
pared from  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury,  butter 
of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum  Minera'le  ;  the  deutoxide  of 
antimony ;  so  called  because  its  properties  were 
supposed  to  resemble  those  of  animal  bezoard. 

Bezoar'dicum  Sola're.     A  diaphoretic  medi- 


cine,  prepared   of  gold  filings,  nitric  acid,  and 
butter  of  antimony. 

Bezoar'dicum   Ven'eris.     A   pharmaceutical 
preparation,  formerly  employed  in  lepra,  diseases 
of  the  brain,  &c. ;  which  was  made  from  filings 
of  copper,  butter  of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 
BHANG,  Bangue. 

BI,  as  a  prefix  to  words,  has  the  same  signi- 
cation  as  Di. 

BIAIOTIIANATI,  Biothanati. 
BIBERINE,  see  Bebeeru. 

BIBIRU,  Bebeeru. 

BIBITORIUS,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 

BIBLIOG'RAPHY,  MED'ICAL,  from  ^i^Mov, 
'a  book,'  and  Ypa(p<i),  'I  describe.'  A  description 
or  history,  or  skill  in  the  knowledge,  of  medical 
books.  The  most  distinguished  medical  biblio- 
graphers have  been  :  J.  A.  Van  der  Linden, 
Amstelod.  1662,  octavo,  (L.)  M.  Lipenius, 
Francf.  ad  Mcen.  1679,  fol.  (L.)  G.  A.  Merck- 
LEiN,  Norimb.  1686,  (L.)  J.  J.  Manget,  Genev. 
1695  to  1731,  (L.)  Tarin  (anatomical),  Paris, 
1753,  (F.)  A.  VON  Haller,  Zurich,  1774,  Ac, 
(L.)  ViGiLiis  VON  Cruetzenfeld  (surgical), 
Vindob.  1781,  (L.)  C.  G.  Kuhn,  Lips.  1794,  (L.) 
C.  L.  ScHWEiKARD  (anat.,  phys.,  and  legal  medi- 
cine), Stuttgard,  1796  to  1800,  (L.)  G.  G.  Plouc- 
QUET,  Tubing.  1808  to  1814,  (L.)  C.  F.  Burdach, 
Gotha,  1810  to  1821,  (G.)  J.  S.  Ersch,  (since 
1750).  Leipz.  1822,  (G.)  Th.  Ch.  Fr.  Enslin, 
(of  Germany,  since  1750,)  Berlin,  1826,  (G.) 
J.  B.  MoNTFALcoN,  Paris,  1827,  (F.)  J.  Forbes, 
M.D.,  F.R.S.,  London,  1835.  A.  C.  P.  Calli- 
SEN,  Copenhagen,  1845,  (G.)  E.  Morwitz,  Leip- 
zig. 1849,  (G.) 

BICAUDALTS,  Retrahens  auris. 

BICAUDA'TUS,  CaHda'tM,froTnbi,iind  Cauda, 
'a  tail;'  'double-tailed.'  A  monster  having  two 
tails. 

BICEPHA'LIUM,  Dicepha'lium.  A  hybrid 
word,  from  hi  and  Kt<pa\Ti,  'head.'  Sauvages  ap- 
plies this  epithet  to  a  very  large  sarcoma  on  the 
head,  which  seems  to  form  a  double  head. 

BICEPHALUS,  Dicephalus. 

BICEPS,  from  hi,  and  caput,  'head.'  That 
which  has  two  heads.  This  name  has  been  par- 
ticularly given  to  two  muscles ;  one  belonging  to 
the  arm,  the  other  to  the  thigh. 

Biceps  Exter'nus  Mus'culus.  The  long  por- 
tion of  the  Triceps  Brachia'lis. — Douglas. 

Biceps  Flexor  Cruris,  B.  Cruris,  Biceps, 
(F.)  Biceps  Crural,  Biceps  Fem'oris,  Is' chio-fem' - 
oro-peronier — (Ch.)  A  muscle  on  the  posterior 
part  of  the  thigh  ;  one  head  arising  from  the  tu- 
berosity of  the  ischium,  and  the  other  from  a 
great  part  of  the  linea  aspera.  It  is  inserted  into 
the  top  of  the  fibula.  It  serves  to  bend  the  leg 
on  the  thigh. 

Biceps  Flexor  Cu'biti,  Biceps,  B.  Bra'chn 
seu  mands  seu  inter'nus  seu  inter'nns  hu'meri, 
Cor'aco-radia'lis,  (F.)  Seajmlo-radial,  (Ch.) — 
Biceps  Brachial.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior and  internal  part  of  the  arm ;  extending 
from  the  edge  of  the  glenoid  cavity  and  from  the 
top  of  the  coracoid  process  to  tlie  tuberosity  of 
the  radius.     It  bends  the  fore-arm  upon  the  arm. 

BIG  [IE  DE  MER,  Sea  Slug.  A  molluscous 
animal,  belonging  to  the  genus  Holothuria,  which 
is  caught  amongst  the  islands  of  the  Feejee  group, 
New  Guinea,  &c.,  and  when  prepared  finds  a 
ready  sale  in  China,  where  it  is  used  as  an  ingre- 
dient in  rich  soups. 

BICHET,  Terra  Orleana. 

BICHICH'I^,  probably  corrupted  from  /?,;f, 
(irixo£,  'cough.'  Pectoral  medicines,  composed 
of  liquorice  juice,  sugar,  blanched  almonds,  Ac. 
— Rhazes. 

BICHIOS,  Dracunculus. 

BICHO,  Dracunculus — b.  di  Culo,  Proctocace. 


BICHOS 


127 


BINDWEED 


BICHOS.  A  Portuguese  name  for  the  worms 
that  penetrate  the  toes  of  people  in  the  Indies ; 
and  which  are  destroj'ed  by  the  oil  of  the  cashew 
nut. 

BICIP'ITAL,  from  biceps  (hi  and  caput),  'two 
headed.'     Relating  to  the  biceps. 

Bicip'iTAL  Groove,  (F.)  Coulisse  ou  Goutti^re 
bicipitale,  Coulisse  humerale,  (Ch.,)  is  a  longitu- 
dinal groove,  situate  between  the  tuberosities  of 
the  OS  humeri,  which  lodges  the  long  head  of  the 
biceps. 

Bicip'lTAL  Tu'bercle,  Bicipital  tuheros'ity, 
(F.)  Tuberosite  bicijntale ;  a  prominence  near 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  radius,  to  which  the 
tendon  of  the  biceps  is  attached. 
BTCORNE  RUDE,  Ditrachyceros. 
BICUS'PID,  Bicuspida'tus,  from  hi  and  cuspis, 
'a  spear.'  That  which  has  two  points  or  tuber- 
cles. 

BiCPs'piD    Teeth,    Denies   Bicusptda'ti,    (F.) 
Dents  bicnspideee.  The  small  molares.  See  Molar. 
BIDDY,  Pediculus. 

BIDEXS  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  acmella. 
BIDET,  (F.)  Bidet;  pronounced  beeday.  A 
small  horse  formerly  allowed  to  each  trooper  for 
carrying  his  baggage.  Hence,  perhaps,  applied 
to  a  chamber  bathing  apparatus,  which  has  to  be 
bestridden.  It  is  a  useful  arrangement,  in  case 
of  hemorrhoids,  prolapsus  ani,  affections  of  the 
sexual  organs,  &c. 
BIECHO,  Bische. 

BIERE,  Cerevisia — 6.  Mediciiiale,  see  Cerevi- 
sia. 

EIESTINGS,  Colostrum. 
BIFEMOR  0- CAL  CANIEN,  Gastrocnemii. 
BI'FURCATION,   Bi/urca'tio,   from    M    and 
fiu-ca,  'a  fork.'     Division  of  a  trunk  into   two 
branches ;    as    the    bifurcation    of   the    trachea, 
aorta,   &c. 

BIGARADE,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 
BIGASTER,  Digastricus. 
BIGBELLIED,  Abdominous. 
BIG  BLOOM,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 
BIGBONE,  see  Kentucky,  Mineral  Waters  of. 
BIGPAUNCHED,  Abdominous. 
BIGEMINAL  BODIES,  Quadrigemina  tuber- 
cula. 

BIGGAR.  A  disease  of  Bengal,  remarkable 
for  the  intensity  and  danger  of  the  cerebral 
symptoms.  —  Twining. 

BIG-LEAF,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 
BIGLES,  see  Strabismus. 

BIGNO'NIA  CAPREOLA'TA,  B.  crucig"era  ; 
indigenous.  The  root  and  plant  are  employed, 
like  sarsaparilla,  in  infusion  and  decoction,  in 
syphilis,  chronic  rheumatism,  and  in  cachexia 
in  general. 

BiGNONiA  Catalpa,  Catalpa — b.  Crucigera,  B, 
capreolata. 

Bigno'nia  In'dica.  The  leaves  are  employed 
in  India,  as  emollients,  to  ulcers. 

Bignonia  Leucox'ylon,  Trumpet  tree.  A  South 
American  tree,  the  sap  of  which  is  the  surest  an- 
tidote against  the  manchineel. — Schleiden. 

Bignoxia  Radicans,  Tecomaradicans — b.  Sem- 
pervirens,  Gelseminum  nitidum. 
BIJON,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
BIKH,  Aconitum  ferox. 
BILATE  OF  SODA,  Picromel. 
BILATERAL  SYMMETRY,  see  Symmetry. 
BILAZAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.     Bila- 
zay  is  a  town  in  France,  two  leagues  from  Thouar, 
department  of  Deux  Sevres,  near  which  is  a  ther- 
mal sulphureous  spring.     Temperature  about  77° 
Fahrenheit. 

I    BILBERRY,   Vaccinium    myrtillus— b.   Red, 
Vaocinium  vitis  idsea. 

BILE,  Bilis,  Pel,   Chol'os,   Chole,  Choler,  (F.) 


Bile,  Fiel.  A  yellow,  greenish,  viscid,  bitter, 
nauseous  fluid,  secreted  by  the  liver.  It  is  dis- 
tinguished into  hepatic  and  cystic ;  according  as 
it  flows  immediately  into  the  duodenum  from  the 
liver  or  from  the  gall-bladder.  It  contains,  ac- 
cording to  Muratori,  water;  a  peculiiir  fatty 
matter ;  colouring  matter  ( Cholepyr'rhin  or  Bili- 
pihcB'in,  ilatiere  Jaune  de  la  Bile;  cholesterin, 
combined  with  soda;  picromel  or  biliu;  extract 
of  flesh,  mucus;  soda,  phosphate  of  soda;  phos- 
phate of  lime,  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

The  use  of  the  bile  is  to  remove  from  the  body 
superfluous  hydro-carbon  ;  and  it  is  probably  in- 
servient  to  useful  purposes  in  digestion. 

Bile,  Furunculus  —  b.  Black,  Atrabilis  —  b,  de 
Boruf,  see  Bile — b.  Repandue,  Icterus. 

Bile  of  the  Bear,  Gall  of  the  Bear,  Fel  Ursi, 
was  thought  to  be  anti-epileptic;  and  that  of  the 
Eel,  Fel  anyuil'lce,  to  facilitate  labour. 

Bile  op  the  Ox,  Gall  of  the  Ox,  Ox  Gall,  Fel 
Tauri  sen  Bovis  seu  Bovi'num,  (F.)  Bile  ou  Fiel 
ou  Amer  de  Boeuf,  was  once  reputed  cosmetic  and 
detergent,  anti-otalgic  and  emmenagogue ;  as 
well  as  to  possess  the  power  of  facilitating  labour. 
It  has  also  been  given  as  a  bitter  stomachic  and 
anthelmintic;  and  as  a  tonic  and  laxative,  in 
cases  of  deficiency  of  the  biliary  secretion. 

Bile  of  the  Swine,  Bilis  porci'na,  inspissated, 
has  been  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  bile  of 
the  ox. 

BIL'IARY,  Bilia'ris,  Bilia'rius,  Fel'leus, 
(F.)  Biliaire.     That  which  relates  to  bile. 

Bil'iary  Appara'tus,  B.  organs,  B.  passages. 
The  collection  of  parts  that  concur  in  the  secre- 
tion and  excretion  of  bile  —  viz.,  the  liver,  pori 
biliari  or  tubuli  biliferi ;  hepatic,  cystic,  and 
choledoch  ducts,  and  gall-bladder. 

Bil'iary  Concre'tions  are  concretions  found 
in  some  parts  of  the  biliary  apparatus. 

Biliary  Ducts,  Pori  biliarii. 

BILIEUX,  Bilious. 

BILIA'TION,  Bilia'tio;  from  biUs,  'bile.' 
The  excretion  of  bile;  as  urination  means  the 
excretion  of  urine. 

BILIFUL'VINE;  from  bilis,  'bile,'  and /u^- 
vus,  'reddish  yellow.'  The  colouring  matter  of 
the  bile  of  the  ox. — Berzelius. 

BILIMBI,  Averrhoa  bilimbi. 

BILIMBING  TERES,  Averrhoa  bilimbi. 

BILIN,  Picromel. 
_  BIL'IOUS,  Bilio'sns,  Chol'icus,  Chol'ius,  Fel- 
lin'eus,  Epich'olos,  Picroch'olos,  Fel'leus,  (F.) 
Bilieux;  from  bilis,  'bile.'  That  which  relates 
to  bile,  contains  bile,  or  is  produced  by  bile.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  constitutions  and  diseases, 
which  are  believed  to  be  the  effect  of  superabun- 
dance of  the  biliary  secretion;  as  Bilious  tempe- 
rament, B.  symptoms,  B.  fever. 

BILIPH^IN,  see  Bile. 

BILIS  FLUXIO,  Cholera  morbus. 

BILITICUS,  Cholagogue. 

BILIVERD'IN,  from  bilis,  'bile,'  and  viridis, 
'green.'  On  adding  an  acid  to  a  solution  of  the 
yellow  colouring  matter  of  bile,  a  precipitate  of 
green  flocculi  takes  place,  which  possesses  all  the 
properties  of  chlorophyll,  or  the  green  colouring 
matter  of  leaves.  This  is  the  biliverdin  of  Ber- 
zelius. 

BILNA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  see  Piillna. 

BILOCULAR,  see  Unilocular. 

BILUMBI  BITING-BING,  Malus  Indiea. 

BI'MANUS,  from  hi  and  manus,  'a  hand.' 
One  that  has  two  hands.  A  term  applied  only 
to  man,  because  he  is  the  sole  mammiferous  ani- 
mal that  possesses  two  perfect  hands. 

BINDER-,  Bandage. 

BINDERS.  OBSTETRIC,  see  Belt,  Russian. 

BINDWEED,  Polygonum  aviculare  —  b.  Fid- 
dle-leaved,  Convolvulus  panduratus  —  b.  Great, 


BINDWOOD 


128 


BISMUTH 


Convolvulus    sepium  —  b.    Hedge,    Convolvulus 
sepium  —  b.  Lavender-leaved,  Convolvulus  Can- 
tabriea — -b.  Sea,  Convolvulus  soldanclla — b.  Vir- 
ginian. Convolvulus  pandurattts. 
BINDWOOD,  Hedera  belix. 
BINKOHUMBA,  Phyllanthus  urinaria. 
BINOCULAR,  Binocula'ris :  same  etymon  as 
the  next.     Relating  to  or  affecting  both  eyes — as 
'hinocular  vision' — vision  with  both  eyes;  or  from 
impressions  made  upon  both  retinae,  which  are 
amalgamated  into  sinc/Je  vision. 

BINOC'ULUS,  Bin'ocle,  Diophthal'mica  Fas'- 
cia,  Oc'nlis  duplex,  from  hi  and  oenhis,  "an  eye.' 
(F.)  CEIl  double.  A  bandage  applied  over  both 
eyes.  It  was  also  formerly  called  DiophthaV - 
nuts. 

BIN'SICA.     A  Rabbinical  term  for  disorder 
of  the  mind.     According  to  Van  Helmont,  an 
atrophy  of  the  organ  of  imagination. 
BIOCHYMIA,  Chymistry,  vital. 
BIOD,  Vis  vitalis. 

BIODYNAM'ICS,  Biodynam'ica,  Biodynam'- 
ice,  Biosoph'ia,  from  /?ioy,  'life,'  and  ivvujxi^, 
'power/  'force.'  The  doctrine  of  the  vital  ac- 
tivity or  forces. 

EIOGAMIA,  Magnetism,  animal. 
BIOL'OGY,  from  /?iof,  'life,'  and  \oyo?,  'a  de- 
scription.'    The  doctrine  of  life  or  of  living  bo- 
dies.— Physiology.     "  Bioloc/iccd  phenomena"  are 
those  presented  by  living  bodies. 

BIOLYCH'NION,  Biohjch'ninm,  from  ,S(Of, 
'life/  and  Xv^viov,  'a  lamp.'  Innate  heat,  vital 
heat,  animal  heat.  Lych'nium,  LycJinid'ium, 
Thernium  em'phytum,  Flamma  seu  Flam'mula 
vita'lis  seu  cordis.  Also,  a  secret  preparation  of 
which  Beguin  and  Burgrate  make  mention. 
BIOLYSIS,  see  Biolytic. 

BIOLYT'IC,  Biolyt'icns;  from  iSiof,  'life,' and 
>tJo-tf,  '  solution.'  Relating  to  the  destruction  of 
life.  A  'biolytic  agent'  is  one  that  tends  to 
hiol'ysis,  or  destruction  of  life.  A  depressing 
ngent. — Schultz. 

BIOMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism,  animal. 
BIONOMY,  Phvsiolngv. 
BIOPH^NOMENOLOGIA,  Physiology. 
BIOS,  (Sto;.    Life.    Also,  what  is  necessary  for 
the  preservation  of  life. 

BIOSOPHIA,  Biodynamies. 
BIOSTATICS.  Statistics,  medical. 
BIOTAX'Y,  Taxon'omy,  from  /3iof,  'life,'  and 
ra^if,  -order,  arrangement.'    The  arrangement  or 
co-ordination  of  living  organisms,  according  to 
their  external  characters. 
BIOTE,  Life. 

BIOTHAN'ATL  Biaiothan'ati,  from  Ptog, 
'life,'  and  ^avarog,  'death.'     Those  who  die  of  a 
violent  death  very  suddenly,  or  as  if  there  was 
no  space  between  life  and  death. 
BiOTIC,  Vital. 
BIOTICS,  Physiology. 
BIOTOMIA,  Vivisection. 
BIOTOS.  Life. 

BIPARI'ETAL,  Biparieta'lls,  (F.)  Biparii- 
tnl,  from  hi  and  parietale  (os),  'the  parietal  bone.' 
An  epithet  for  the  diameter  of  the  cranium  from 
one  parietal  fossa  to  the  other. 

BIPARIETAL  SUTURE,  Sagittal  suture. 
BIPIN'NA,    from    bi,    and    pinna,    'a   wing- 
feather.'     A   term   used   by  the    ancients    for  a 
diminutive   penis,    not    exceeding   in    size    two 
quills. 

BIR,  Thorax. 
BIRA,  Cerevisia. 

BIRCH,  Betula  alba— b.  Black,  Betula  lenta— 
b.  Cherry,  Betula  lenta — b.  Sweet,  Betula  lenta. 
BIRDS'  BREAD,  Sedum  acre.      • 
BIRDS'  NEST.  Ilypopitys  lanuginosa. 
BIRK,  Betula  alba. 
BIRTH,  Parturition  —  b.  Cross,  Presentation, 


preternatural — b.  Live,  see  Born  alive — b.  Plural, 
see  Multiparous. 

BIRTHWORT,  Aristolochia— b.  Snakeroot, 
Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

BISCHE,  Biecho.  A  malignant  kind  of  dy- 
sentery, which  often  prevails  in  the  island  of 
Trinidad. 

BISCUIT,  Biscoc'tits ;  bis,  'twice,'  and  eoctus, 
'baked,'  (F.)  bis  and  cuit,  'twice  baked.'  A 
kind  of  dry,  hard  bread,  or  cake,  which  is  va- 
riously made;  and,  when  without  eggs  or  butter, 
is  easy  of  digestion.  It  was  formerly  called  Bi- 
pyri'tes,  and  Di'p>yros.  Medic"inal  OR  Mf.d'i- 
CATED  Biscuits,  (F.)  Biscuits  3Iedicinaux,  Masse- 
pains,  Macarons,  are  occasionally  made  by  add- 
ing to  biscuit  paste  a  medicinal  solution  or 
powder,  and  baking  the  mass. 

BISCUIT,  MEAT.  An  alimentary  prepara- 
tion, proposed  by  Mr.  G.  Borden,  Jr.,  of  Texas, 
which  consists  in  combining  the  matters,  ex- 
tracted from  meat  by  boiling,  with  flour,  so  as  to 
form  biscuits  :  which  keep  well,  and  are  of  course 
nutritive. 

BISCUITS  MEDICINA  UX,  see  Biscuit. 

BISERMAS,  Salvia  sclarea. 

BISFERIENS,  Dicrotus. 

BISH,  Aconitum  ferox. 

BISHOP'S  WEED,  Ammi. 

BISLINGUA,  Ruscus  hypoglossum. 

BISMALVA,  AlthsBa. 

BISMUTH,  Autimo'niiim  album,  Chal'citas, 
Luna  imperfec'ta,  Stannum  glacia'le  seu  cine'i-eum, 
Bismu'thum,  Wismu' thum,  Reg'ulus  of  Bia'math, 
Ifarcasi'tn,  Tin  glass,  (F.)  Etain  gris,  E.  de 
Glace.  A  metal,  in  spicular  plates,  of  a  yel- 
lowish-white colour;  s.  gr.  9.822;  fusible  at  400° 
Fahrenheit,  and  volatilizable  at  a  high  tempera- 
ture. It  is  used  only  in  the  preparation  of  the 
subnitrate. 

Bismuth,  Nitrate  of.  Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of 
— b.  Oxide  of.  Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of — b.  Oxide 
of,  white,  Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of — b.  Regulus  of, 
Bismuth. 

Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of,  Bismu'tlii  suhni'tras 
seu  Nitras,  3Iarcasi'ta  alba.  Plumbum  cine'reum, 
Magiate'rium  Marcasi' tcB  seu  Bismuihi,  Bismu'- 
thum Nit'ricum  seu  Suhnit'ricum,  Nitras  Siihbis- 
niu'tJiicnm,  Calx  Vismu'thi.  Bismu'thum  oxydula'- 
tum  album,  Bismuthum  album,  Suhaz'otas  bismu'^ 
ticus.  Oxide  of  Bismuth,  Nitrate  of  Bismuth, 
White  Bismuth,  Trisnitrate  of  Bismuth,  White 
Oxide  of  Bismuth,  3Iag"istery  of  Bismuth,  Pearl 
White,  Spanish  White.  (F.)  Sousnitrate  ou  sous- 
azotate  de  bismuth,  Oxide  blanc  de  B.,  Blanc  de 
fard,  Blanc  de  perle.  (Bismuth,  in  frustulis,  ^j. 
Acid  nitric,  f  ^ij.  Aq.  destilL  q.  s.  Mix  a  fluid- 
ounce  of  distilled  water  with  the  nitric  acid,  and 
dissolve  the  bismuth  in  the  mixture.  When  the 
solution  is  complete,  pour  the  clear  liquor  into 
three  pints  of  distilled  water,  and  set  the  mixture 
by,  that  the  powder  may  subside.  Lastly,  having 
poured  off  the  supernatant  fluid,  wash  the  sub- 
nitrate of  bismuth  with  distilled  water,  wrap  it 
in  bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  considered  to  be  tonic  and 
antispasmodic,  and  has  been  chiefly  used  in 
gastrodynia. 

Bismuth,  Trisnitrate  of.  Bismuth,  sub- 
nitrate of. 

Bismuth,  Vai.e'rianate  of,  Bismu'thi  valeri- 
a'nas,  Bismu'thum  valerian'icnm.  Prepared  by 
mixing  a  neutral  solution  of  oxide  of  bismuth  in 
nitric  acid,  with  valerianate  of  soda ;  washing, 
and  drying  the  precipitate.  Used  in  gastrodynia, 
chronic  gastralgia,  neuralgia,  and  chronic  palpi- 
tation, as  a  nervine.  Dose,  i  a  grain  to  2  grainsy* 
three  or  four  times  a  day,  in  pill. 

Bismuth,  White,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of. 


BISMUTIII   NITRAS 


]  29 


BLJESOPODES 


BISMUTHI    NITRAS,    Bismuth,    subnitrate  I! 
of — b.  Valerianas,  Bismuth,  valerianate  of. 

BISMUTHUM,  Bismuth— b.  Album,  Bismuthi 
subnitras — b.  Nitricum,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — 
b.  Oxydulatum  album,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — 
b.  Subnitricum,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — b.  Vale- 
rianicum.  Bismuth,  valerianate  of. 

BISPIRUS,  Dipnoos. 

BISSUM,  Hvdrangea  arborescens. 

BISTORT,  OFFICINAL,  Polygonum  bistorta 
— b.  Virginian,  Polygonum  virginianum. 

BISTrJRTA,  Polygonum  bistorta. 

BISTORTE,  Polygonum  bistorta, 

BISTORTIER,  (F.)  A  name  given  by  the 
Pharmacien  to  a  long  wooden  pestle  used  for 
reducing  soft  substances  to  powder,  and  in  the 
preparation  of  electuaries. 

BISTOURI,  (F.)  PistoAen'sis  gla'dius,  Scal- 
pel'lns,  Scal'peum,  Bis'toury.  A  small  cutting- 
knife,  used  in  surgery,  —  so  called,  according  to 
Huet,  from  the  town  of  Pistori,  which  was  for- 
merly celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  those 
instruments.  A  bistoury  has  the  form  of  a  small 
knife,  and  is  composed  of  a  blade  and  a  handle. 
The  blade,  which  is  most  commonly  movable  in 
the  handle,  maybe  fixed  by  a  button,  spring,  &c. 
When  fixed  in  the  handle,  the  bistouri  is  called 
by  the  French,  B.  d  lame  fixe  ou  dormante. 

The  chief  bistouries  are : — 1.  The  straight  B. 
(F.)  B.  droit,  in  which  the  blade  and  cutting 
edge  are  straight,  the  point  being  fine,  round,  or 
square.  2.  The  convex  B.  (F.)  B.  convexe  ;  the 
blade  of  which  is  convex  at  the  cutting  edge, 
concave  at  the  back.  3.  The  concave  B.  (F.) 
B.  concave  ;  the  blade  of  which  is  concave  at  its 
edge,  and  convex  at  the  back.  4.  Blunt-pointed 
B.  (F.)  B.  houtonne ;  the  blade  of  which  has  a 
button  at  its  extremity.  5.  The  blunt  or  probe- 
pointed  Bistoury  of  Pott  ;  concave  at  its  cut- 
ting edge,  and  its  point  blunt;  so  that  it  can  be 
carried  on  the  palmar  surface  of  the  index  finger, 
to  divide  the  stricture,  in  strangulated  hernia. 
Sir  Astley  Cooper  has  recommended  a  useful 
modification  of  this,  to  avoid  wounding  the  intes- 
tine, should  it  come  in  contact  with  the  edge  of 
the  knife.  His  Bistoury  has  an  edge  of  not  more 
than  eight  lines  in  length,  situate  about  five  lines 
from  the  point.  6.  Bistouri  a  la  lime,  (F.)  is 
a  straight  bistoury  ;  the  blade  fixed  in  the  handle, 
the  extremity  with  a  button,  and  the  edge  made 
with  a  file.  It  is  chiefly  used  for  dilating  parts. 
7.  Bistouri  Royal.  (F.)  A  Bistouri  used  in  ope- 
rating upon  Louis  XIV.,  for  fistula  in  ano.  8. 
Bistouri  gastrique,  (F.)  A  complicated  instru- 
ment, invented  by  Morand,  for  dilating  wounds 
of  the  abdomen.  9.  Bistouri  cache,  B.  herniaire, 
ou  Attrajye-lourdaud  de  Biennaise,  Forceps  de- 
eepto'ria.  A  curved  bistouri,  the  blade  of  which 
is  placed  in  a  canula,  whence  it  issues  on  pressing 
a  spring. 

The  word  Bistouri  is  used  by  the  French,  at 
times,  where  we  would  employ  knife. 
BITCH-DAUGHTER,  Incubus. 
BITNOBEN,  Salt  of  Bitu'men,  Padnoon,  Sou- 
cherloon,  Khala  mimnc.  A  white,  saline  sub- 
stance, which  is  a  Hindoo  preparation  of  great 
antiquity,  and  has  been  supposed  to  be  the  Sal 
aspJialii'tes  and  Sal  Sodome'nus  of  the  ancients. 
It  is  used  by  the  Hindoo  in  the  prevention  or 
cure  of  almost  all  diseases. 

BITHNIMAL'C-4,  Gas'teranax.  Two  unmean- 
ing words,  used  by  Dolaus,  to  designate  an  active 
principle  supposed  to  have  its  seat  in  the  stomach, 
and  to  preside  over  chymification,  &c. 
BITIOS  DE  KIS,  Proctocace. 
BITTER,  Amarus  — b.  Bark,  Pinckneya  pu- 
bens — b.  Bloom,  Chironia  angularis  —  b.  Holy, 

Hiera  piora — b.  Redberry,  Cornus  Florida — b. 

Root,    Apocynum    androsamifolium,    Gentiana 


Catesbaei,  Menyanthes  verna  —  b.  Sweet  night- 
shade, Solanum  Dulcamara  —  b.  Sweet  vine,  So- 
lanum  Dulcamara — b.  Welter's,  Acid,  carbazotic. 

BIT'TERNESS,.4 /nariVii'c^o,  Arnarit' ies,  Ama'- 
ror,  Pi'cria,  (F.)  Amertume.  A  particular  taste, 
which  belongs  to  many  substances.  In  some 
diseases  there  is  a  sense  of  bitterness  felt  in  the 
mouth. 

BITTERS,  COLUMBO,  Tinctura  Calumbse  — 
b.  Spirit,  Tinctura  gentianee  composita — b.  Wine, 
Vinum  gentianaj  compositum. 

BITTERSWEET,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

BITTERWEED,  Ambrosia  trifida. 

BITTERWOOD  TREE,  Quassia. 

BITTOS.  A  disease,  in  which  the  chief  symp- 
tom is  an  acute  pain  in  the  anus. — Chomcl. 

BITUME  BE  JUDEE,  Asphaltum. 

BITUMEN,  GLUTINOUS,  Pissasphaltum  — 
b.  Judaicum,  Asphaltum — b.  of  Judaa,  Asphal- 
tum— b.  Petroleum,  Petrolaeum — b.  Malta,  Pissas- 
phaltum— b.  Salt  of,  Bitnoben — b.  Solidum,  As- 
phaltum. 

BIVENTER,  Digastrieus— b.  Cervicis,  Com- 
plexus  musculus — b.  Maxillae,  Digastrieus. 

BIVENTRAL  LOBE  OF  THE  CEREBEL- 
LUM, see  Lobe,  biventral. 

BIXA  AMERICANA,  see  Terra  Orleana  — b. 
Orleana,  see  Terra  Orleana  —  b.  Orellana,  see 
Terra  Orleana. 

BLABE,  AVound. 

BLACCI^,  Rubeola. 

BLACIA,  Debility. 

BLACKBERRY,  AMERICAN,  see  Rubus 
fruticosus — b.  High  or  Standing,  see  Rubus  fru- 
ticosus. — b.  Low,  Rubus  trivialis. 

BLACK  BOTTLE,  see  Infusum  Sennse. 

BLACK  DOSE,  see  Infusum  Sennfe. 

BLACK  DRAUGHT,  see  Infusum  Senna. 

BLACK  DROP,  GuttES  nigree. 

BLACK  LION.  A  term  given  to  a  sloughing 
syphilitic  ulcer,  under  which  the  British  soldiers 
suffered  greatly  in  Portugal. 

BLACK  ROOT,  Aletris  farinosa,  Pteroeaulon 
pyonostachyum,  Leptandria  purpurea. 

BLACKWATER,  Pyrosis. 

BLACTIiE,  Rubeola. 

BLADDA,  Buttermilk. 

BLADDER,  Urinary  Bladder. 

Bladder,  F ascic'ulated.  A  condition 
of  the  bladder  in  which  the  interior  of  the 
organ  is  marked  by  strong  reticulated  ridges  or 
columns. 

Bladder,  Gall,  see  Gall  Bladder — b.  Irrita- 
ble, Cysterethismus. 

Bladder,  Sac'culated.  A  condition  of  the 
bladder,  in  which  the  mucous  coat  protrudes 
through  the  muscular,  so  as  to  produce  a  hernia, 
which  may  go  on  increasing,  so  as  to  form  a 
ves'ieal  sae'eulus  or  appen'dix  vesi'cm. 

Bladder,  Swim,  Air  bladder — b.  Urinary,  see 
Urinary  Bladder. 

BLADEBONE,  Scapula. 

BLADOCH,  Buttermilk. 

BLADON    SPRINGS.      Mineral    springs    in 
Alabama,  about  85  miles  from  Mobile,  which  are 
said  to  be  similar  in  composition  to  those  of  Selt- 
zer, Spa,  and  Aix-la-Chapelle,  of  Europe. 
BLADUM,  Ble. 

BLAEBERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtillus. 
BL^'SITAS,  BlcBsa  lingua.  Some  authors  have 
used  this  word  as  synonymous  with  stammering. 
See  Balbuties.  Sauvages  understands  by  it  a 
defect  in  pronunciation,  which  consists  in  substi- 
tuting soft  consonants  for  those  that  are  hard; 
as  the  z  for  s,  the  d  for  t,  the  s  for  6  and  j,  &e. 
Also,  Lisping,  Traulis'mus,  Trau'lotea,  (F.)  Ble- 
site,  Ble  (parler). 

BL^SOPODES,  see  Kyllosis. 


BLiESOPUS 


130 


BLENNOGENOUS 


BL^SOPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

BLiESUS.  A  distortion;  especially  the  out- 
ward distortion  of  ttie  legs.     Also,  a  stammerer. 

BLAFARD,  (F.)  Pal'Udus,  Pallkl'ulus.  This 
epithet  is  sometimes  given  to  the  skin,  when  pale 
and  dull ;  but,  most  frequently,  to  the  flesh  of  a 
wound,  when  it  has  lost  its  colour,  and  become 
white.  The  word  is,  also,  sometimes  used  syno- 
nymously with  Albino. 

BLAIIST,  (Sax.)  blejene,  Blexne.  A  pustule;  a 
botch  ;  a  blister.  In  Scotland,  a  mark  left  by  a 
wound ;  the  discolouring  of  the  skin  after  a  sore. 
— Jamieson. 

BLAK  OF  THE  EIE,  Pupil. 

BLANC  D' ARGENT,  Plumbi  subcarbonas— 
h.  de  Baleine,  Cetaceum  —  b.  de  Cerus^e,  Plumbi 
subcarbonas  —  h.  de  Crems,  Plumbi  subcarbonas 
—  h.  de  Fard,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — 6.  de 
Kremnitz,  Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  6.  de  Krem^, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  b.  de  I'GEil,  Sclerotic  —  b. 
d'QSuf,  Albumen  ovi — b.  de  Perle,  Bismuth,  sub- 
nitrate  of — 6.  de  Plomb,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — 6. 
de  Zinc,  Zinci  oxydum. 

BLANC-MANGER  (F.),  Cibus  albu^,  Leuco- 
pha'gium,  Leucoph' agum,  Argijrotrophe' ma.  An 
animal  jelly,  so  called  on  account  of  its  colour, 
combined  with  an  emulsion  of  sweet  almonds,  to 
which  sugar  has  been  added,  and  some  aromatic. 
It  is  sometimes  prescribed  as  a  nutriment  in  con- 
Yalescence  and  chronic  diseases, 

BLANC-RAISIN,  Blanc  Rhazis. 

BLANC  RHAZIS,  Blanc-raisin.  An  ointment 
composed  of  cerusa,  white  wax,  and  olive  oil. 

BLANCA,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

BLANCH,  from  (F.)  Uanchir,  'to  whiten, 
to  bleach.'  To  whiten  by  depriving  of  the  outer 
rind  ;  as  'to  blanch  almonds  ;'  i.  e.  to  peel  them. 

BLANCHE!,  (F.)  A  blanket  A  term  given 
by  the  French  Pharmaciens  to  the  woollen 
strainer  through  which  they  filter  syrup  and 
other  thick  fluids.     See,  also,  Aphthae. 

BLANCHING,  Etiolation  —  b.  of  the  hair. 
Canities. 

BLANCNON  ORIBASII,  Polypodium  filix 
mas. 

BLAS  An  unmeaning  term  invented  by  Van 
Helmont  to  designate  a  kind  of  movement  in  the 
body ;  at  times,  local, — at  others,  under  extrane- 
ous influence.  Thus,  he  speaks  of  the  Bias  mete- 
oros  of  the  heavenly  bodies,  and  the  Bias  huma'- 
num,  that  which  operates  in  man. 

Blas  Alterativum,  Plastic  force. 

BLASE,  (F.)  'cloyed.'  An  epithet  given  to 
one  whom  the  abuse  of  enjoyment  has  prevented 
from  any  longer  deriving  satisfaction  or  pleasure 
from  it. 

BLAST,  Couta'gio,  (Sas.)  blaj-t,  (G.)  blasen, 
'to  blow.'  The  infection  of  any  thing  pestilen- 
tial.    The  stroke  of  some  sudden  plague. 

BLASTE'MA,  Blaste'sis,  (F.)  Blo'^ihne,  from 
PXaaravi^,  '  I  bud.'  A  germ.  The  sense  of  this 
word,  which  is  often  used  by  Hippocrates,  is  ob- 
scure. Castelli  thinks  it  means  the  eruption  of 
some  morbific  principle  at  the  surface  of  the  body. 
Also,  the  matrix  or  general  formative  element  of 
tissues. 

Blastema  Pili,  see  Hair. 

BLAS'TEMAL,  Blastema' lis.  Relating  or  ap- 
pertaining to  a  blastema, — as  'blastemal  forma- 
tions,' those  that  are  formed  from  a  blastema. 

BLASTOCARDIA,  see  Molecule. 

BLASTODERMA,  see  Molecule. 

BLATTA  BYZAN'TIA,  Unguis  odora'tus,  (F.) 
Blatte  de  Byzance.  This  name  seems,  formerly, 
to  have  been  given  to  a  marine  production  from 
some  of  the  Conchylia.  It  had  an  agreeable 
smell,  a  reddish  tint,  and  the  shape  of  a  nail.  It 
was  prescribed  in  epilepsy,  h}'steria,  and  hepatic 
obstructions.     Rondclet  affirms,  that  it  was  the 


production  of  the  shell-fish  murex  or  pitrpura / 
and  that  the  name  Blatta  is  derived  from  the 
Greek  fiXarros,  'purple.' 

BLAVELLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 
BLA  YE  OLE,  Centaurea  cj'anus. 
BLAVEROLLE,  Centaurea  eyanus. 

BLAWING,  Swelling. 

BLAWORT,  Centaurea  cyanus. 

BLAZING-STAR,  Chamaslirium  luteum,  Li- 
atris. 

BLE,  Bladum.  This  word  answers,  in  France, 
to  the  word  Corn  in  England;  i.  e.  any  kind  of 
grain  employed  for  making  bread.  Wheat  being 
most  commonly  used  for  this  purpose,  Ble  is 
sometimes  restricted  to  this.  Ble  meteil  is  a 
mixture  of  wheat  and  rye. 

BLE  CORNU',lS,rgot—b.  d'Espagne,  Zea  mays 
—  b.  d'ltalie,  Zea  mays  —  b.  Bleteil,  see  Ble — ■ 
5.  Noir,  Polygonum  fagopyrum  —  b.  de  Turquie, 
Zea  mays. 

BLE  (PARLER,)  Blsesitas. 

BLEABERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtillus. 

BLEACHING,  Dealbation — b.  Liquid,  Eau  de 
Javelle. 

BLEAREDNESS,  Lippitudo. 

BLEAR-EYE,  Lippitudo. 

BLEAR-EYED,  Lippus. 

BLEAR-EYEDNESS,  Lippitudo, 

BLEB,  Bulla. 

BLECHNON,  Polypodium  fills  mas. 

BLECHNUM  LIGNIFOLIUM,  Asplenium 
Scolopendrium  —  b.  Squamosum,  Asplenium  ce- 
terach. 

BLECHROPYRA,  see  Blechros. 

BLECHROPYRUS,  Typhus  mitior. 

BLECHROS,  ISXrixpoi,  'weak,  feeble,  slow.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  different  affections,  and 
particularly  to  fevers.  Hence  Blechrop'yra,  'a 
slow  fever:'  Blechrosphyg'mia,  'a  slow  pulse.' 

BLECHROSPHYGMIA,  see  Blechros. 

BLED,  Corn — b.  Avorte,  Ergot — 6.  Farouche, 
Er2;ot. 

BLEDOCH,  Buttermilk. 

BLEEDING,  Bloodletting,  Hsemorrhagia. 

BLEEDING  FROM  THK  NOSE,  Epistaxis. 

BLEEDING  HEART,  Cjpripedium  luteum— 
b.  Boist.  Cupping  glass. 

BLEIB,  Bulla. 

BLEJNE,  Blain. 

BLE  ME,  (F.)  This  word  has  nearly  the  same 
signification  as  Blafard.  Generally,  however,  it 
includes,  also,  emaciation  of  the  countenance. 

BLENCYSTORRHEE,  Cystirrhoea. 

BLENNA,  Mucus — b.  Narium,  Nasal  mucus. 

BLENNADENI'TIS,  from  fiXtwa.  'mucus,' 
a^riv,  'a  gland,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  mucous  follicles. 

BLENNELYT'RIA,  from  ^X^wa,  'mucus,'  and 
iXvTpov,  'a  sheath.'  A  discharge  of  mucus  from 
the  vagina.     Leucorrhoea. — Alibert. 

BLENNEM'ESIS.  Blennoem' esis,  Vom'itus 
pituito'sus,  from  fiXtwa,  '  mucus,'  and  tyisais, 
'vomiting.'     Vomiting  of  mucus. 

BLENNENTERIA,  Dysentery. 

BLENNISTH'MIA,  from  ^Xtvva,  'mucus,'  and 
laS/jios,  'the  gullet.'  Increased  flow  of  mucus 
from  the  pharynx  and  larynx. — Alibert. 

BLENNOCHEZIA,  Diarrhoea,  mucous. 

BLENNOCYSTIDES,  Bursse  mucosa. 

BLENNOCYSTITE,  Cystirrhoea. 

BLENNODES,  Mueiform. 

BLENNOEMESIS,  Blennemesis. 

BLENN0G"ENOUS,  Blennog"enus,  Mucific, 
Mueif'icus,  from  fiXtvva,  'mucus,'  and  yevvaii},  'I 
form.'  Forming  or  generating  mucus.  Breschet 
and  Roussel  de  Vauzeme  describe  an  apparatus 


BLENNOIDES 


131 


BLIGHT   IN   THE   EYE 


of  this  kind  for  the  secretion  of  the  mucous  mat- 
ter that  constitutes  the  cuticle,  composed  of  a 
glandular  parenchyma  or  organ  of  secretion  situ- 
ate in  the  substance  of  the  true  skin,  and  of 
excretory  duets,  which  issue  from  the  organ, 
find  deposite  the  mucous  matter  between  the 
papillse. 

BLENNOIDES.  Muciform. 

BLENNOIDEUS,  Muciform. 

BLENNOMETRITIS,  see  Leucorrhoea. 
BLENNOPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia,  (puru- 
lent.) 

BLENNOP'TYSIS,  from  ^Xcvva,  and  tttvoi,  'I 
spit.'     Expectoration  of  mucus.     Catarrh. 

BLENNOP'YRA,  Blennopy'ria,  from  ^\tvva, 
and  TTup,  'fire.'  Alibert  has  classed,  under  this 
head,  various  fevers  with  mucous  complications  ; 
as  Mesenteric  fener,  Adeiio-meninqeal  fever,  &c. 

BLENNORRHAGIA,  Gonorrhoea— b.  Genita- 
lium,  Leucorrhoea — b.  Notha,  Gonorrhoea  spuria 
— b.  Spuria,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BLBNNORRHAG"IC,  Blen,wrrkag"{cus,  (F.) 
Blennorrhagiqne,  from  ^Xevva,  '  mucus,'  and 
priyvviit,  •'!  break  forth.'  Ptelating  or  appertain- 
ing to  blennorrhagia  or  gonorrhoea. 

Blennorehagic  Epididymitis,  Hernia  humo- 
ralis. 

BLENNORRHAGIE  FAUSSE,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria — b.  du  Gland,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BLENNORRHEE,  Blennorrhoea. 

BLENNORRHINIA,  Coryza, 

BLENNORRHCE'A,  Blennor'rhoe,  Blennor- 
rhag"ia,  Phlegmorrlue' a,  Phlegmorrhag"ia,  (F.) 
Blennorrhee,  from  0\cvva,  'mucus,'  and  ptu,  'I 
flow.'  Inordinate  secretion  and  discharge  of  mu- 
cus.    Also,  Gonorrhoea. 

Blennorrhcea  Chronica,  (gleet,)  see  Gonor- 
rhoea—  b.  Genitalium,  Leucorrhoea — b.  Luodes, 
Gonorrhosaimpura — b.  Nasalis,  Coryza — b.  Oculi, 
see  Ophthalmia  —  b.  Oculi  gonorrhoica,  see  Oph- 
thalmia— b.  Oculi  neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia — 
b.  Oculi  purulenta,see  Ophthalmia — b.  Urethralis, 
Gonorrhoea,  Cystorrhrea — b.  Ventriculi,  Gastror- 
rhoea — b.  Vesicce,  Cystorrhosa. 

BLENNO'SES,  from  ^Xiwa,  'mucus.'  AfiFec- 
tions  of  the  mucous  membranes. — Alibert. 

BLENNOTHORAX,  Catarrh,  Peripneumonia 
notha— b.  Chronicus,  Asthma  humidum. 

BLENN0T0RRH(EA,  Otirrhoea. 

BLENNURETHRIA,  Gonorrhoea. 

BLENNURIA,  Cystorrhrea. 

BLEPHARADENITIS,  Ophthalmia  Tarsi. 

BLEPHARANTHRACO'SIS,  ^ZejoAart'- 
tis  gan/jfrcBHo'sa,  Carbuncula' tio  Oc'uli.  Gangre- 
nous inflammation  of  the  eyelids. 

BLEPHARELOSLS.  Entropion. 

BLEPHARIDES.  Cilia. 

BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE,  Blepharoplastice. 

BLEPHARISMUS,  Nictation. 

BLEPHARITIS,  (inflammation  of  the  eyelids,) 
Ophthalmia  tarsi  —  b.  Gangrasnosa,  Blepharan- 

BLEPHAROBLENNORRHCEA,  Ophthalmia, 
purulent — b.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia  (pu- 
rulenta  infantum.) 

BLEPH'ARO-CONJUNCTIVI'TIS,  Blepha- 
rosyndesmi'tis,  from  P>i£<papov,  'an  eyelid,'  con- 
junctiva, and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Oph- 
thalmia aflFecting  the  conjunctiva  and  eyelids. 

BLEPHARODYSCHRCE'A,  from  ^Xcpapov,  the 
'eyelid,'  Stis,  'with  difiiculty,'  and  XP"")  'colour.' 
Discoloration  of  the  eyelid.  Nsevus  of  the  eye- 
lid.— Von  Ammon. 

BLEPHARCEDEMA  AQUOSUM,  Hydroble- 
pharon. 

BLEPHARON,  Palpebra— b.  Atoniaton,  Ble- 
pharoptosis. 

BLEPHARONCO'SIS,  Blepharon'cus,  Ble- 
pharophy' ma,  Palpelra'rum  Tumor,  from  ^Xc(pa- 


pov,  'eyelid,'  and  oyKo;,  'tumour.'     A  tumour  of 
the  eyelid. 

BLEPHARONCUS,  Blepharoncosis. 
BLEPHAROPHIMO'SIS,  from  (3Xc<papov,  'the 
eyelid,'  and  (pt/ioq,  'a  cord.'     Congenital  diminu- 
tion of  the  space  between  the  eyelids. — Ammon, 
See  Blepharostenosis. 

BLEPHAROPTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi 
— b.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia — b.  Purulenta, 
Blcpharopyorrhoea. 

BLEPHAROPHTHALMITIS  GLANDULO- 
SA,  Ophthalmia,  purulent,  of  infants. 

BLEPHAROPHYMA,  Blepharoncosis. 

BLEPHAROF'LAS'TIC^,  Blepharidoplas'tice, 
Insit"io  Cilio'rum,  Blepth'uroplanty,  from  (i\e<pa- 
pov,  'the  eyelid,'  and  irXatrTtKog,  'forming,'  'form- 
ative.'    The  formation  of  a  new  eyelid. 

BLEPHAROPLEGIA,  Blepharoptosis. 

BLEPHAROPTO'SIS,  Blepharople'gia,  Casm 
pal'pebrce  su2>erio'ris,  Delop'siis  seu  Prolap'stis 
seu  Propto'sis  seu  Pto'sis  pal'pebrcB,  Atoniaton 
Mepharon,  from  ^\e(l>aQov,  'the  eyelid,'  and  Trrojo-ts, 
'fall.'  A  falling  down  of  the  upper  eyelid  over 
the  eye,  caused  by  a  paralysis  of  the  Levator 
palpebrcB  supierioris  muscle.  This  paralysis  is 
an  unfavorable  symptom,  as  it  is  generally  con- 
nected with  a  state  of  the  brain  favouring  apo- 
plexy or  palsy. 

Blepharoptosis  Ectropium,  Ectropium  —  b. 
Entropion,  Entropion. 

BLEPIIAR0PY0RRH(E'A,  BlepTiarophthaV- 
mia  purulen'ta,  Pyorrhce'a  pal'pebrcB,  from  fiXeip- 
apov,  'eyelid,'  t:vov,  'pus,'  and  ptw,  'I  flow.'  Se- 
cretion of  pus  from  the  eyelids. 

Blepharopyorrhcea  Neonatorum,  see  Oph- 
thalmia (purulenta  infantum.) 

BLEPHARORRHCE'A,  from  PXtfapov,  'eye- 
lid,' and  pen),  '1  flow.'  A  discharge  of  mucus 
from  the  eyelids. 

BLEPHAROSPAS'MUS,  from  l3Xt^,apov,  'eye- 
lid,' and  oTTaafiog,  'spasm.'  A  spasmodic  action 
or  tic  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  muscle. 

BLEPHAROSTENO'SIS,  from  fiXe^apov,  'the 
eyelid,'  and  irrfi-wo-ts,  'contraction.'  Accidental 
diminution  of  the  space  between  the  eyelids. — 
Ammon.  See  Blepharophimosis. 
_  BLEPHAROSYNDESMITIS,  Blepharocon- 
junctivitis. 

BLEPHAROTIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi  — b.  Glan- 
dularis contagiosa,  see  Ophthalmia. 

BLEPHAROTITIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 

BLEPHAROTOSIS,  Ectropium. 

BLEPHAROXY S'TUM,  Blepharoxys'trum, 
from  fiXtijtapov,  'eyelid/  and  (yw,  'I  scrape.'  An 
instrument  used,  by  the  ancients,  for  removing 
callosities,  which  made  their  appearance  in  the 
afifection  called,  by  the  Greeks,  Tpax<»iia. — Paulus 
of  ^gina,  Gorraeus. 

BLEPHIL'IA  HIRSU'TA,  Ohio  Horsemint, 
Hairy  Horsemint,  from  ^\£(papig,  '  an  eyelash,'  in 
reference  to  its  hairy  fringed  bracts.  An  indi- 
genous plant  of  the  Mint  family,  Labiate,  which 
has  the  aromatic  properties  of  the  Mints. 

BLESITE,  Blajsitas. 

BLESSED  HERB,  Geum  urbanum. 

BLESSURE,  Abortion,  Wound. 

BLESTRIS'MUS.  Restlessness  of  the  sick.— 
Hippocrates. 

BLETA.  A  word,  used  by  Paracelsus  for  white 
or  milky  urine,  arising  from  diseased  kidneys. 
Biota  alba  has  the  same  meaning. 

BLEU  BE  BERLIN,  Prussian  blue  — 6.  de 
Frmse,  Prussian  blue. 

BLEUET  BES  MOISSONS,  Cyanus   sege-  / 
turn.    ^ 

BLEVILLE,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF.  Blg- 
ville  is  a  village  about  two  miles  from  Havre. 
The  waters  are  acidulous  chalybeate. 

BLIGHT  IN  THE  EYE,  Ophthalmia,  catar- 


BLIGHTS 


132 


BLOOD-LETTING 


rhal.  Palsy  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  and 
muscles  of  the  eyebrow  is  also  vulgarly  called 
blight. 

BLIGHTS,  see  Lichen  urticatus. 
BLINDNESS,  Caecitas  —  b.  Colour,  Achroma- 
topsia— b.  Day,  Nyctalopia — b.  Nervous,  Amau- 
rosis —  b.   Night,   Hemeralopia  —  b.   Snow,   see 
Snow  blindness. 

BLISTER,  Veaicato'rium,  Emplns'trum  Yesica- 
io'rinm  seu  Lytia,  Epispaa' ticum,  Ves'icant,  Blis- 
ter pilnster,  (F.)  Vesicatoire,  Vesicant.  Any  sub- 
Stance  which,  when  applied  to  the  skin,  irritates 
it,  and  occasions  a  serous  secretion,  raising  the 
epidermis,  and  inducing  a  vesicle.  Various  arti- 
cles produce  this  effect,  as  cantharides,  mustard, 
garou,  evpliorhium,  garlic,  ammonia,  <fec.  Blisters 
are  used  as  counter-irritants.  By  exciting  a  dis- 
ease artificially  on  the  surface,  we  can  often  re- 
move another  which  may  be  at  the  time  existing 
internally.  A  perpetual  blister  is  one  that  is 
Ijept  open  for  a  longer  or  a  shorter  time  by  means 
of  appropriate  dressings. 

Blister  or  vesication,  (Pfov.)  Ercle,a\so  means 
the  vesicle  produced  by  vesicatories  or  other 
causes. 

Blister,  Fever,  see  Fever  blister. 
Blister,  Mag"istral,  (F.)  Vesicatoire  magis- 
tral. A  prompt  means  of  producing  vesication 
recommended  by  M.  Valleix.  It  is  prepared  as 
follows — Take  powdered  cantharides  and  icheat- 
Jiour,  of  each  equal  parts ;  vinegar,  a  sufficient 
quantity  to  form  a  soft  paste. 

Blister  Beetle,  Cantharis  —  b.  Fly,  Cantha- 
ris — b.  Plaster,  Blister. 

BLISTERWEED,  Ranunculus  acris. 
BLISTERING  FLY,  Cantharis— b.  Paper,  see 
Sparadrapum  vesicatorium — b.  Tissue,  Sparadra- 
pum  vesicatorium. 

BLISTERS,  WHITE,  Rupia  eseharotiea. 
BLITUM    AMERICAN Ux\L    Phytolacca    de- 
candra. 

BLOOD,  Anglo-Saxon,  bloS,  from  bletian,  'to 
bleed.'  Sanguis,  Cruor,  Lapis  nnima'lis,  HcBma, 
'aiyta,  (Old  Eng.)  Blede,  (F.)  Sang.  An  animal 
fluid  formed  chiefly  from  the  chyle  ;  acquiring 
important  properties  during  respiration  ;  entering 
every  organ  through  the  circulation  ;  distributing 
the  nutritive  principles  to  every  texture,  and  the 
source  of  every  secretion.  The  blood  is  white  in 
the  molluscous  and  inferior  animals,  which  have 
been,  hence,  called  white-blooded,  to  distinguish 
them  from  the  red-blooded,  which  class  includes 
the  mammalia,  birds,  reptiles,  and  fishes.  Hu- 
man blood  is  composed  of  water,  albumen,  fibrin, 
an  animal  colouring  substance,  a  little  fatty  mat- 
ter— hmmatelcB'um — and  different  salts:  as  chlo- 
rides of  potassium  and  sodium,  phosphate  of  lime, 
subcarbonate  of  soda,  lime,  magnesia,  oxide  of 
iron,  and  lactate  of  soda,  united  with  an  ani- 
mal matter.  Arterial  blood  is  of  a  florid  red 
colour,  strong  smell ;  s.  g.  1.049.  Venous  blood 
is  of  a  brownish  red ;  s.  g.  1.051.  The  difi"er- 
ence  in  colour  has  given  occasion  to  the  first 
being  called  red  blood;  the  latter,  black.  The 
former,  which  is  distributed  from  the  heart,  is 
nearly  the  same  through  its  whole  extent :  the 
latter  is  the  remains  of  the  arterial  blood  after 
the  different  elements  have  been  taken  from  it  in 
nutrition,  and  probably  differs  in  composition. 
It  likewise  contains  different  substances  absorbed. 
Venous  blood,  taken  from  a  vessel  and  left  to 
itself,  becomes  solid,  and  separates  into  two  dis- 
tinct parts,  —  the  serum  or  watery  supernatant 
fluid  ;  and  the  cruor,  coag'vlum,  crassamen'tum, 
liepar  seu  j^lccen'ta  san'guinis,  plaeen'ta  cruo'ris, 
in'aula,  thrombus,  or  clot.  The  serum  is  chiefly 
water,  holding  albumen  in  solution  and  the  salts 
of  the  blood.  The  clot  contains  the  fibrin,  co- 
louring matter — hcBmatosin,  a  little  serum,  and  a 


small  quantity  of  salts.  M.  Le  Canu  found  the 
blood  to  be  composed — in  1000  parts — of  water, 
785.590;  albumen,  69.416  ;  fibrin,  3.566  ;  colour- 
ing matter,  119.626;  crystallizable  fatty  matter, 
4.300;  oily  matter,  2.270;  extractive  matter  so- 
luble in  alcohol  and  water,  1.920 ;  albumen  com- 
bined with  soda,  2.010  ;  chlorides  of  sodium  and 
potassium;  alkaline  phosphates,  sulphates,  and 
subcarbonates,  7.304;  subcarbonate  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  phosphate  of  lime,  magnesia  and  iron, 
peroxide  of  iron,  1.414;  loss,  2.586.  The  four 
principal  components  of  the  blood  are  fibrin, 
albumen,  corpuscles,  and  saline  matter.  In  the 
circidating  blood  they  are  thus  combined — 


In  solution  forming  Liquor  Sangui- 


Fibrin, 
Albumen, 

Salts, 

Red  Corpuscles  —  suspended  in  the  Liquor  San- 
guinis. 

In  coagulated  blood  they  are  thus  combined: 

Fibrin,  ]  Forming  the  crassamentum  or 

Red  Corpuscles,  J       clot. 

Albumen,   1  Remaining     in     solution,     forming 
Salts,  J       serum. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  computations 
of  difi"erent  physiologists  regarding  the  weight 
of  the  circulating  fluid — arterial  and  venous. 

Harvey,  1  lbs. 

Lister, 

iloulins, 

Abildguard, 

Blumenbacb, 

Lobb,  V 10 

Lower,  J 

Sprensel 10  to  15 

Giinther 15  to  20 

Blake 16|  to  18^ 

Mtiller  and  Burdach 20 

Wagner 20  to  25 

Quesnai 27 

F.  Hoffmann 28 

Haller 28  to  30 

Young 40 

Hamberger 80 

Keill 100 

The  proportion  of  arterial  blood  to  venous  is 
about  4  to  9. 

Much  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  varying 
condition  of  the  blood  in  disease.  The  average 
proportion  of  each  of  the  organic  elements  in 
1000  parts  of  healthy  blood  is  as  follows,  accord- 
ing to  Le  Canu,  and  MM.  Andral  and  Gavarret: 
— fibrin,  3 ;  red  corpuscles,  127 ;  solid  matter  of 
the  serum,  80  ;  water,  790. 

Dried  human  blood  was,  at  one  time,  consi- 
dered to  be  anti-epileptic;  that  of  the  goat,  dried, 
Sanguis  hirci  sieca'tus;  sudorific  and  antipleu- 
retic.  The  dried  blood  of  the  ox  —  Extrac'tum 
San'guinis  Bovi'ni — and  the  dried  red  corpuscles 
have  been  given  as  analeptics,  especially  where 
there  was  a  deficiency  of  red  corpuscles. 

Blood,  Arterial,  see  Blood  —  b.  Black,  see 
Blood  —  b.  Black,  vascular  system  of,  see  Vas- 
cular. 

Blood,  Casein-,  Globulin — b.  Corpuscles,  Glo- 
bules of  the  blood  —  b.  Disease,  Hajmatonosus  — 
b.  Disks,  Globules  of  the  blood. 
(  Blood,  Dried,  see  Blood — b.  Loss  of,  Hsemor- 
rhagia  —  b.  Menstrual,  see  Menses  —  b.  Red,  see 
Blood — b.  Red,  system  of,  see  Vascular — b.  Spit- 
ting of,  Hgemoptysis — b.  Venous,  see  Blood — b. 
Vomiting  of,  Hjematemesis — b.  White,  Lymph. 

BLOOD  CRYSTALS,  Hsematoidin. 

BLOODING.  Blood-letting. 

BLOODLESSNESS,  Anjemia. 

BLOOD-LETTING,  ilissio  seu  Detrac'tio 
,i  San'guinis,  HcBmax'is,   Cataschas'mus,  Blooding, 


BLOODLIKE 


133 


BOE 


Bleeding,  (F.)  Saignee,  Emission  sanguine.  A 
discharge  of  a  certain  quantity  of  blood  produced 
by  art :  an  operation  which  consists  in  making 
an  opening  into  a  vessel  to  draic  or  let  blood  from 
it.  When  practised  on  an  artery,  it  is  called  Ar- 
teriot'umi/  ;  on  a  vein,  Phlebot'omy,  Venmsec'tio, 
Venesec'tion;  and  on  the  capillary  vessels,  local 
or  capillary,  in  contradistinction  to  the  former, 
which  is  termed  general.  Blood-letting  is  used 
both  during  the  existence  of  a  disease,  as  in  in- 
flammation, and  in  the  way  of  prophylaxis.  It 
is  employed  to  fulfil  various  indications.  1.  To 
diminish  the  actual  mass  of  blood  ;  —  when  it  is 
termed,  by  the  French  pathologists,  Saignee  eva- 
cuative.  In  such  ease,  fluids  ought  not  to  be  al- 
lowed too  freely  afterwards.  2.  To  diminish  the 
turgescence  in  any  particular  organ  —  (F.)  Saig- 
nee revulsive,  Revulsive  blood-letting  or  bleeding, 
VencBsec'tio  revulso'ria,  when  performed  far  from 
the  part  affected;  and  Saignee  derivative,  when 
near.  3.  To  diminish  the  consistence  of  the  blood, 
(F.)  Saignee  spuliative.  The  immediate  effects 
of  blood-letting  are:  diminution  of  the  mass  of 
blood  and  of  heat;  retardation  of  the  pulse,  and 
sometimes  syncope.  Blood-letting  from  the  veins 
— phlebotomy — is  practised  on  the  subcutaneous 
veins  of  the  neck,  the  face,  the  fore-arm,  and  the 
leg ;  sometimes  on  those  of  the  hand  or  foot. 
The  necessary  apparatus  consists  of  a  bandage 
or  riband,  a  compress  of  rag,  and  a  lancet  or 
fleam. 

The  veins  selected  for  the  operation,  are,  1.  In 
the  fold  of  the  arm,  five; — the  cephalic,  basilic, 
the  two  median,  and  the  anterior  cubital.  2.  In 
the  hand,  the  cephalic  and  salvatella.  3.  In  the 
foot,  the  great  and  little  saphena.  4.  In  the  neck, 
the  external  jugular.  5.  la  the  forehead,  the 
frontal.  6.  In  the  mouth,  the  ranine.  The  ope- 
ration of  phlebotomy  in  the  limbs  is  performed 
by  tying  a  circular  bandage  round  the  limb,  in 
order  that  the  subcutaneous  veins  may  become 
turgid  by  the  course'  of  the  blood  being  ob- 
structed: the  bandage  not  being  so  tight,  how- 
ever, as  to  compress  the  arteries  of  the  limb.  A 
puncture  is  made  into  the  vein,  and  the  desired 
quantity  allowed  to  flow.  The  ligature  is  now 
removed,  and  a  compress  and  retaining  bandage 
applied.  Capillary  or  local  blood-letting,  arte- 
rio  -phlebot'omy,  is  practised  on  the  skin  or 
mucuous  membranes,  by  means  of  leeches,  the 
lancet,  or  cupping. 

Blood-letting,  CAPiLLARy,  see  Blood-letting 
— b.  Derivative,  see  Blood-letting — b.  Evacuative, 
see  Blood-letting  —  b.  General,  see  Blood-letting 
— b.  Local,  see  Blood-letting — b.  Revulsive,  see 
Blood-letting — b.  Spoliative,  see  Bloodletting. 

BLOODLIKE,  Sanguine. 

BLOOD  LIQUOR,  Liquor  Sanguinis. 

BLOODROOT,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis. 

BLOODSHOT,  Hyperaemic. 

BLOODSTONE,  Hajmatites. 

BLOODSTROKE,    Conj,-de-sang. 

BLOOD  VESICLE,  Globule  of  the  blood. 

BLOOD  VESSEL,  (F.)  Vaisseati  sanguin.  A 
vessel  destined  to  contain  and  convey  blood. 

Blood  Vessel,  breaking,  bursting,  ruptu- 
ring OF  A.     Haemorrhagia. 

BLOODWEED,  Asclepias  curassavica. 

BLOODWORT,  Hieracium  venosum,  Sangui- 
naria Canadensis. 

BLOODY,  Sanguin'ens,  Cruen'tus,  Sanguin'- 
eous,  (F.).  Sanguin.  Having  the  character  of 
blood.     Relating  to  blood.     See  Sanguine. 

BLOODY  FLUX,  Dysentery. 

BLOOM,  HONEY,  Apocynum  androssemifo- 
lium. 

BLOSSBURG  MINERAL  SPRINGS.  The 
town  of  Blossburg  is  in  Tioga  County,  133  miles 


north  of  Harrisburg.  They  contain  pure  sulphu- 
ric acid;  and  are  astringent  and  tonic. 

BLOSSOM,  see  Grog-blossom. 

BLOTA  ALBA,  Bleta. 

BLOTCH,  (Prov.)  Splavin,  Sprote.  A  pustule; 
more  commonly,  an  eruption  of  a  large  kind. 

BLOW,  Ictus,  Plege,  (F.)  Coup.  Effect  pro- 
duced by  one  body  striking  another.  The  im- 
pression made  by  any  body  which  strikes  us,  or 
against  which  we  strike;  —  a  common  cause  of 
wounds,  contusions,  fractures,  &o. 

BLOWING  SOUND,  Bruit  de  Souffle  — h.  s. 
Diffused,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

BLUE-BELLS,  Gentiana  catesbsei. 

BLUE-BERRY,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides, 
Lantana — b.  Low,  Vaccinium  Pennsylvanicum. 

BLUE-BONNETS,  Cetaurea  cyanus. 

BLUE-BOTTLE,  Centaurea  cyanus,  Cyanus 
segetum. 

BLUE  LICKS,  see  Kentucky,MineralWaters  of. 

BLUE  STONE,  Cupri  sulphas. 

BLUET,  Centaurea  cyanus. 

BLUET  DES  3I0ISS0NS,  Cyanus  segetum. 

BLUITER,  Borborygmus. 

BLUSH,  see  Flush. 

Blush,  Cutaneous,  see  Efiiorescence — b.  In- 
flammatory, Erythema. 

BLUTTER,  Borborygmus. 

BOA,  Boia.  An  eruption  of  red,  ichorous  pim- 
ples.— Pliny.     See,  also,  Hidroa  and  Sudamina. 

Boa  Upas,  Upas. 

BO^,  Syphilis. 

BOALA,  see  Scherlievo. 

BOBEBRL  Curcuma  longa. 

BOCHE,  Swelling. 

BOCCHOE,  Diosma  crenata. 

BOCHET,  Bochetum. 

BOCHE'TUM,  (F.)  Bochet.  A  term  formerly 
applied  to  the  second  decoction  of  the  sudorific 
woods.    The  French  word  has  been  lately  revived. 

BOCHIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOCHO,  Diosma  crenata. 

BOCIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOCK,  Vomiturition. 

BOOKING,  Eructation,  Vomiting. 

BOOKLET,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
springs  of  Booklet,  in  Bavaria,  are  acidulous 
chalybeates. 

BODY,  Corpus,  Soma,  (F.)  Corps;  from  Teu- 
tonic boden,  the  'fundus  or  bottom.'  [?]  The 
human  body,  (F.)  Corps  humain,  (Old  E.)  Liche, 
is  the  collection  of  organs  which  compose  the 
frame.  At  times,  however,  body  is  used  synony- 
mously with  trunk.  We  say,  also,  body  of  the 
femur,  of  the  sphenoid,  &c.,  to  designate  the  shaft 
or  middle  portion  of  those  bones;  body  of  the 
tiferus,  &c.  Likewise,  any  distinct  portion  of 
matter  perceived  by  the  senses.  Also,  the  rectum. 

Body,  Coming  down  of  the.  Proctocele. 

Body-Searcher,  Searcher.  One  who  formerly 
examined  the  bodies  of  the  dead  to  report  as  to 
the  cause  of  death.  In  the  time  of  the  plague 
this  was  done  by  "the  chirurgeons,"  who  were 
allowed  "twelve  pence,"  to  be  paid  out  of  the 
goods  of  the  party  searched,  if  able;  otherwis-e, 
by  the  parish.  Until  of  late,  this  ofiice  was  exe- 
cuted in  England  by  two  old  women  —  called 
'searchers';  and  hence  the  imperfections  of  the 
Bills  of  Mortality.  In  plague  times,  the  ofiBce 
was  an  important  one;  and,  it  is  stated,  that  a 
noted  searcher,  named  Snacks,  finding  his  busi- 
ness increase  so  much,  that  he  could  not  transact 
it  alone,  offered  to  any  one  who  would  join  him 
in  its  hazards,  half  the  profits;  and  they  who 
joined  him  were  said  to  "go  with  Snacks." 
Hence,  the  saying  "to  go  Snacks,"  or  to  divide 
the  spoils. — Wadd. 

BODY-SNATCHER,  Resurrectionist. 

BOE,  Ci-j. 


BOELLI 


134 


BOX DUE 


BOELLI,  Intestines. 

BOETHEMA,  Medicament. 

BOG-BEAN,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

BOHON  UPAS,  Upas. 

BOIA,  Boa. 

BOIL,  Furunculus — b.  Blind,  see  Furuncnlus — 
b.  Gum,  Parulis — b.  Malignant,  see  Eurunculus — 
b.  Wasp's  nest,  see  Eurunculus. 

BOIS  AMER,  Quassia  — 6.  de  Camplehe, 
Hsematoxylum  Campechianum — h.  de  Cerf,  Cornu 
cervi  —  h.  de  Chypre,  Rhodium  lignum  —  h.  de 
Couleuvre,  see  Strychnos  —  6.  Doux,  Glycyrrhiza 
—  h.  de  JIarais,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis  —  b. 
de  Plomh,  Dirca  palustris — b.  Puant,  Prunus  pa- 
Jus —  b.  de  Rose,  Rhodium  lignum  —  b.  de  Sap- 
pan,  CEesalpinia  sappan  —  b.  Sudon'Jiqiie,  Wood, 
sudorific. 

BOISSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
•waters  are  situate  about  half  a  league  from  Fon- 
tenay-le-Compte,  in  France.  They  are  purgative, 
aud  seem  to  contain  carbonate  and  sulphate  of 
lime  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

£OISSO^\  Drink. 

BOIST,  Swelling. 

BOITE,  (F.)  A  box  or  cage,  Capsa,  Pyxis. 
An  apparatus  for  the  reception  of  any  matters 
which  it  may  be  desirable  to  preserve.  In  Sur- 
gery and  Anatomy,  Boites  d  dissection,  B.  a  am- 
putation, B.  d  trepan,  B.  d  caiaracte,  &c.,  mean 
the  cases  containing  these  various  instruments. 
Bo'ite  du  Crane  is  the  bony  case  which  receives 
the  brain.  Bo'ite  is,  also,  the  portion  of  the 
stem  of  the  trephine  which  receives  the  pyra- 
mid or  centre-pin.  Boite  de  Petit  is  a  machine, 
invented  by  M.  Petit,  to  retain  the  fractured  por- 
tions of  bone  in  apposition,  when  the  leg  has  been 
fractured  in  a  complicated  manner.  Bo'ite  is,  also, 
a  kind  of  case  put  before  an  artificial  anus  to  re- 
ceive the  faeces,  which  are  continually  being  dis- 
charged. The  vulgar,  in  France,  give  the  name 
Boite,  to  various  articulations, — B.  de  c/enuu,  B. 
de  la  handle;  "knee-joint,  hip-joint." 

BOITEMENT,  Claudication. 

BOITERIE,  Claudication. 

BOITIER,  (E.)  Ajjpareil,  Cap'sida  ungnenta'- 
ria,  Cap)sa'rium.  A  dressing-case.  A  box,  con- 
taining salves  and  dilFerent  apparatus,  used  more 
particularly  by  the  dressers  in  hospitals. 

BOK,  Vomiturition. 

BOKKIXG,  Eructation,  Vomiting. 

BOL,  Bolus — b.  d'Armenie,  Bole,  Armenian — 
b.  Oriental,  Bole,  Armenian  —  b.  Blanc,  Bolus 
alba — b.  Rouge,  Bole,  Armenian. 

BOLA,  Mvrrha. 

BOLCHOX,  Bdellium. 

BOLE,  Bolus,  (F.)  Bol,  Terre  bolaire,  meant, 
vrith  the  older  writers,  argillaceous  earth,  used 
as  an  absorbent  and  alexipharmic.  The  various 
boles  had  difi"erent  forms  given  to  them,  and  were 
stamped,  or  sealed,  henee  called  Terra  sigillata; 
as  in  the  following : 

Bole  Arme'nian,  Bole  Arme'niac,  B.  Ar'me- 
nic,  Argil'la  ferrugin'ea  rubra,  A.  Bolus  rubra, 
Sinapisis,  Arena'men,  Bolus  Orienta'lis  seu  Ar- 
meniaca  seu  Arme'ni(£  seu  rubra,  (F.)  Bol  d'Ar- 
menie ou  oriental  ou  rouge.  A  red,  clayey  earth, 
found  not  only  in  Armenia,  but  in  several  coun- 
tries of  Europe,  —  in  Tuscany,  Silesia,  France, 
&c.  It  was  once  esteemed  a  tonic  and  astringent, 
and  was  applied  as-a  styptic.  It  is  now,  scarcely, 
if  ever,  used.  It  consists  of  argil,  mixed  with 
lime  and  iron. 

BOLESIS,  Coral. 

BOLESON,  Balsam. 

BOLET  OBORANT,  Dsedalea  suaveolens. 

BOLETUS  AGARICUS,  B.  Laricis— b.  Albus, 
Boletus  laricis  —  b.  Cervinus,  Elaphomyces  gra- 
nulatus — b.  Discoideus,  Dajdalea  suaveolens. 


Bole'tcs  Escclex'tus,  (F.)  Morelle.  Ord. 
Fungi.  An  eatable  mushroom,  found  in  the 
woods  in  Europe,  and  much  admired  by  Gastro- 
nomes. It  was  formerly  esteemed  to  be  aphro- 
disiac. 

Boletus  Fttltus,  B.  igniarius — b.  Hippocrepis, 
B.  igniarius. 

Bole'tcs  Ignia'hics.  The  systematic  name 
for  the  Ag'aric,  Agar'ieus,  Agar'icum  of  the 
Pharmacopoeias,  Agar'ieus  Chirurgo'rum  seu 
QnereHs  seu  ignia'rius,  Polyp'orus  ignia'rius, 
Is'ca,  Bole'tus  nngula'tus  seu  fnhnis  seu  hippo- 
crepis seu  obtu'sus,  Spunk,  Am'adou,  Punk,  (Prov.) 
Funk,  Fungus  Ignia'rius,  Fungus  Querci'nus, 
Agaric  of  the  Oak,  Touchicood,  Touchwood  Bole- 
tus, Female  Agaric,  Tinder,  (F.)  Agaric  de  chine, 
Amadouvier.  It  was  formerly  much  used  by 
surgeons  as  a  styptic. 

Bole'tus  Lar'icis,  B.  Larici'nns  seu  purgang 
seu  albus  seu  agar'ieus  seu  officina'lis,  Fun'gus 
Lar'icis,  Polyp'orus  ojfficina'lis,  Agar'ieus  albua 
seu  Lar'icis,  A.  Albus  op'timus.  White  Agaric, 
(F.)  Agaric  blanc,  A.  Amadouvier.  On  the  con- 
tinent of  Europe  it  has  been  given  as  a  cathartic 
and  emetic,  as  well  as  to  moderate  the  sweats  in 
phthisis. — De  Haen.     Externally,  styptic. 

Boletus  Obtusus,  B.  igniarius — b.  Officinalis, 
B.  laricis — b.  Purgans,  Boletus  laricis — b.  Salicis, 
Dffidalea  suaveolens  —  b.  Suaveolens,  Dsedalea 
suaveolens — b.  Touchwood,  Boletus  igniarius. 

BOLl  JIARTIS,  Ferrum  tartarisatum. 

BOLISMOS,  Boulimia. 

BOLI'TES.  The  mushroom;  perhaps  the 
Agar'ieus  Aurantiacus.  —  Pliny,  Martial,  Sento- 
nius,  Galen.  It  was  so  called,  in  consequence 
of  its  shape, — from  Bolus. 

BOLLYNGE,  Swelling. 

BOLNING,  Swelling. 

BOLT.  Used,  at  times,  for  to  swallow  withou 
chewing, — as  to  "  boh  one's  food." 

BOLUS,  (i(i)\os,  Buccell'a,  a  morsel,  a  mouth- 
ful, a  bole,  (F.)  Bol.  A  ■pharmaceutical  prepa- 
ration, having  a  pilular  shape,  but  larger;  capa- 
ble, however,  of  being  swallowed  as  a  pill. 

Bolus  Alba,  Terra  Sigilla'ta,  Argil'la  pal- 
lid'ior: — called  sigilla'ta,  from  being  commonly 
made  into  small  cakes  or  flat  masses,  and  stamped 
or  sealed  with  certain  impressions.  (F.)  Bol 
blanc,  Terre  Sigillee,  Argile  ochrense  pale.  It 
was  used  like  Bole  Armenian,  and  was  brought 
from  Etruria.     See  Terra. 

Bolus,  Alimen'tarv,  Bolus  AUmenta' rius.  The 
bole  formed  by  the  food,  after  it  has  undergone 
mastication  and  insalivation  in  the  mouth  ;  and 
been  collected  upon  the  tongue  prior  to  degluti- 
tion. 

Bolus  Oriexta'lis.  A  kind  of  bolar  earth, 
only  distinguished  from  Bole  Armenian  in  being 
brought  from  Constantinople.  See  Bole,  Armenian. 

Bolus  Rubra,  Bole  Armenian. 

BOMA'REA  SALSIL'LA.  The  inhabitants 
of  Chili  use  this  plant  as  a  sudorific.  It  is  given 
in  infusion  in  cutaneous  diseases. 

BOMBAX,  Gossypium. 

BOJIBEJIEXT,  Bombus. 

BOMBITATIO,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

BOMBUS,  Au'rium  Jiuctua'tio,  A.  Sib'ilus,  A. 
Son'it)ts,  A.  Susur'rns,  (F.)  Bombement.  A  kind 
of  ringing  or  buzzing  in  the  ears; — characterized, 
according  to  Sautages,  by  the  perception  of 
blows  or  beating  repeated  at  certain  intervals. 
Also,  Borborygmus.  See  Part,  Flatulence,  and 
Tinnitus  Aurium. 

BOMBYX  MORI,  see  Sericum. 

BON,  CofTea  Arabica. 

BONA.  Phaseolus  vulgnris. 

BONANNIA  OFFICINALIS,  Sinapis  alba. 

BONA  FEVER,  see  Fever,  Bona. 

BONDUE,  Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 


BONE 


135 


BORACIC   ACID 


BOXE,  Oe,  Os'teon,  Os'teum,  (F.)  Os,  (Sax.) 
ban.  The  bones  are  the  solid  and  hard  parts, 
which  form  the  basis  of  the  bodies  of  animals 
of  the  superior  classes;  and  the  union  of  which 
constitutes  the  skeleton.  The  human  body  has, 
at  the  adult  age,  208  bones,  without  including 
the  32  teeth,  the  ossa  Wormiana,  and  the  sesa- 
moid bones.  Anatomists  divide  them,  from  their 
shape,  into  1.  Zoii(/  bones,  which  form  part  of  the 
limbs,  and  represent  columns  for  supporting  the 
weight  of  the  body,  or  levers  of  different  kinds 
for  the  muscles  to  act  upon.  2.  Flat  bones,  which 
form  the  parietes  of  splanchnic  cavities;  and,  3. 
Short  bones,  met  with  in  parts  of  the  body  where 
solidity  and  some  mobility  are  necessary.  Bones 
are  formed  of  two  different  textures  ;  sponr/ij  and 
comjiact.  They  afford,  on  analysis,  much  phos- 
phate and  carbonate  of  lime,  a  little  phosphate 
of  magnesia,  phosphate  of  ammonia,  oxides  of 
iron  and  manganese,  some  traces  of  alumina  and 
silica,  gelatin,  fat,  and  water.  The  uses  of  the 
bones  are  mentioned  under  each  bone.  They 
give  shape  to  the  body,  contain  and  defend  the 
viscera,  and  act  as  levers  to  the  muscles. 

TABLE    OP   THE   BONES. 


Bones  of 

THE 

Head. 


f  Frontal., 


Bones  of  the 

Cranium  or 

SlcuU. 


Bones  of  the 
Face. 


Dentes, 

or 

Teeth. 

Bone  of  the 

Tongue. 


Bones  of 

THE 
TUUNK. 


Bones  of 
THE  Up- 
per Ex- 

TKEMITT. 


Bones  of 
Lower 

EXTRE- 

Miir. 


Parietal 2 

Occipital 1 

Temporal 2 

Ethmoid 1 

[Sphenoid 1 

(Superior  Maxillary....  2 

Jugal  or  Cheek 2 

Nasal 2 

Lachrymal 2 

Palatine 2 

Inferior  Spongy 2 

Vomer 1 

Inferior  Maxillary 1 

'Ineisores 8 

-j  Cuspidati 4 

I^Molares 20 

JHyoid 1 

!  Malleus 2 

Incus 2 

Orbiculare 2 

Stapes 2 

f  Cervical 7 

VertehrcE.    -;  Dorsal 12 

(Lumbar 5 

Sacrum 1 

Os  Coccygis 1 

'r^<^Tkora..{^^-----------^ 

The  Pelvis Innominatum 2 

TheS!wulder.l  f'^"'"]^ 2 

(.Scapula 2 

The  Arm Humerus 2 

JUlna 2 

t  Radius 2 

I  Naviculare 2 

I  Lunare 2 

I  Cuneiforme 2 

J  Orbiculare... 2 


Fore-arm. 


Carpus, 


Wrist. 


Trapezium 2 

Trapezoides 2 

I  Magnum 2 

[Unciforme 2 

Metacarpus 10 

y  Phalanges 28 

The  Thigh Femur 2 

(Patella 2 

Iha  Leg.    -^  Tibia 2 

(Fibula 2 

f                  fCalcisOs 2 

^-  I    Tarsus,    I  Astragalus 2 

3  I        or       -^  Cuboides 2 

^ -I    Instep.      Naviculare 2 

^                    (.Cuneiforme 6 

E-i  \  Metatarsus 10 

[^Phalanges 28 

Total 240 


The  bones  of  the  ox,  Bos  Taurus,  are  employed 
in  pharmacy.  [ 

BoNE-AcH,  Osteocopus  —  b.  Ague,  Osteocopus.  ■ 


BoxE,  Back, Vertebral  column — b.Bar,Pubis,os. 

Bone  Black,  see  Carbo  animalis. 

Bone,  Blade,  Scapula  —  b.  Boat-like,  Os  sca- 
phoides — b.  Breast,  Sternum — b. Crupper,  Coccyx. 

Bone  Earth,  see  Cornu  ustum  —  b.  Fever,  see 
Inflammation. 

Bone,  Haunch,  Ilion— b.  Interparietal,  Inter- 
parietal bone. 

Bone  Phosphate  op  Lime,  see  Cornu  ustum. 

Bone,  Rump,  Coccyx  —  b.  Share,  Pubis — b. 
Splinter,  Fibula. 

BONEBINDEPu,  OsteocoUa. 

BONE-DOCTOR,  Eenouenr. 

BONE-NIPPERS,  Osteul'cnm,  Tenac'ula,  from 
teneo,  'I  hold.'  (F.)  Tenaille  incisice.  An  in- 
strument used  for  cutting  off  splinters  and  car- 
tilages. It  is  a  kind  of  forceps,  the  handles  of 
which  are  strong,  and  the  edges,  which  touch 
each  other,  cutting. 

BONESET,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum  —  b. 
Rough,  Eupatorium  teucrifolium  —  b.  Upland, 
Eupatorium  sessifolium. 

BONE-SETTER,  lienoueur. 

BONE-SHAVE,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitasa. 

BONES,  BRITTLENESS  OF  THE,  Fragilitas 
ossium — b.  Friability  of  the,  Fragilitas  ossium — 
b.  Salt  of,  Ammonite  carbonas  —  b.  Softening  of 
the,  Mollities  ossium. 

BONHOMME,  Verbascum  thapsus. 

BONICLATTER,  Bonnyclabber. 

BONIFAGIA,  Ruscus  hypoglossum. 

BONITHLOBBER,  Bonnyclabber. 

BONNE  DAME,  Atriplex  hortensis. 

BONNES,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.  Bonnea 
is  a  village  six  leagues  from  Pau,  in  the  depart- 
ment Basses  Pyrenees,  France.  Here  are  several 
thermal  springs.  They  were  celebrated  as  early 
as  the  time  of  Francis  I.,  under  the  name  Eaux 
d'Arquebusade.  They  contain  chlorides  of  sodium 
and  magnesium,  sulphates  of  magnesia  and  lime, 
sulphur,  and  silica.  The  temperature  is  from  78° 
to  98°  Fahrenheit. 

Th.Q  factUions  Eau  de  Bonnes  is  made  oi  Hy- 
drosulphuretted  icater,  f  ^iv ;  pure  water,  Oj.  and 
f^ss;  chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  xxx ;  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  gr.  i. 

BONNET,  Reticulum. 

BONNET  A  DEUX  GL  OBES,  Bonnet  d'Hip- 
pocrate. 

BONNET  D'HIPPOCRATE,  Cap  of  Hip- 
poc' rates,  Mitra  Hijjpoerat'ica,  Fas'cia  cupita'lis, 
Pi'leus  Hijipocrat'icue.  A  kind  of  bandage,  the 
invention  of  which  is  ascribed  to  Hippocrates. 
It  consists  of  a  double-headed  roller,  passed  over 
the  head,  so  as  to  envelop  it  like  a  cap.  The 
French  also  name  it  Bonnet  d  deux  globes,  Cape- 
line  de  la  tete. 

BONNYCLABBER,  Clabber,  from  Irish,  buine, 
'milk,'  and  clabar,  'mire.'  In  Ireland,  sour  but- 
termilk. In  this  country,  the  thick  part  of  sour 
milk.  Boniclatter  and  Bonithlobber,  also,  meant 
cream  or  "good  milk  gone  thick.' — Halliwell. 

BONPLANDIA  ANGUSTURA,  Cusparia  fe- 
brifuga — b.  Trifoliata,  Cusparia  febrifuo-.a. 

BONTIA  GERMINANS,Avicennia  tomentosa. 

BONUS  GENIUS,  Peucedanum— b.  Henrieus, 
Chenopodium  bonus  Henrieus. 

BONY,  Osseous. 

B.OOCHO,  Diosma  crenata. 

BOON  UPAS,  Upas. 

BOONA,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

BOOTIA  VULGARIS,  Saponaria. 

BOOTIKIN.  A  glove  .with  a  partition  for  the 
thumb,  but  no  separate  ones  for  the  fingers — like 
an  infant's  glove— made  of  oiled  silk.— Dr.  E.  J. 
Seymour.  Horace  Walpole  speaks  in  raptures  of 
the  benefit  he  derived  from  bootikins  in  gout. 

BORACIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Borac"icum,  Snl 
sedati'vus    Homber'gi,   Boric   Acid,    (F.)   Acide 


BORAGE 


!36 


BOTHRION 


horacique.  An  acid  obtained  from  boras,  which 
was  once  looked  upon  as  sedative.  It  was  also 
called  Acor  Borac"icus,  Sal  vitrioli  narcot'icum, 
Sal  voUa'ile  Bora'cis,  and  Flores  Bora'cis. 
BORAGE,  Borago  ofacinalis. 
BORA'GO  OFFICINA'LIS,  Buglos'sum  ve- 
rum  seu  latifo'lium,  Borra'go,  Corra'go,  Bo- 
rngo  Tiovten'sis,  Borage,  Burrage,  (F.)  Bourrache. 
Ord.  Boragineae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Mono- 
gynia.  The  leaves  and  flowers  have  been  con- 
sidered aperient. 

BORAS  SUPERSODICUS,  Borax. 
BORATHRON,  Juniperus  Sabina. 
BORAX,  Boras  Sodce  seu  supersat'urus  sodm 
seu  alcales'cens  seu  aleali'num  seu  superso' dieus, 
SodcB  Bibo'ras,  Siihboraa  SodcB  seu  na'tricum, 
Soda  Boraxa'ta,  ChrysoeoVla,  Capis'trum  aiiri, 
Subhorate  ofprotox'ide  of  So'diHm,Subprotobo'rate 
of  Sodium,  Borax  Ven'etus,  Borax'irion,  Nitrum 
factV'lium,  &c.,  Subbo'rate  or  Biborate  of  Soda, 
Borate  of  Soda,  (F.)  Borate  ou  Sous-borate  de 
Sonde,  Borate  sursature  de  sonde.  It  is  found  in 
an  impure  state  in  Thibet  and  Persia.  It  is_  in- 
odorous ;  taste  cool,  and  somewhat  alkaline; 
soluble  in  12  parts  of  water.  Borax  is  seldom 
used  except  as  a  lotion  in  aphthas. 

Borate  op  Mercury  has  been  recommended 
as  an  antisyphilitic. 

BORAXTRIOX,  Borax. 

BORBON'IA  RUSCIFO'LIA.    a  small  South 
African  shrub,  used  in  asthma  and  hydrothorax. 
In  decoction,  it  is  given  as  a  diuretic. — Pappe. 
BORBORUS,  Fimus. 

BOBBORYG'MUS,  from  Pop^opv^u),  'I  make  a 
dull  noise.'  Ifurmur  seu  Bombus  seu  Motus  In- 
testino'rum,  Anile' ma,  Anile'sis,  Ooeliopsoph'ia,  In- 
tona'tio  intestina'lis,  Jfurmur  ventris  seu  intesti- 
iw'le,  Bor'borygm,  (Sc.)  Bluiter,  Blutter,  (Prov.) 
Crolliiig,  Growling,  (F.)  Gargouillement,  Grouille- 
ment  d' Entrailles.  The  noise  made  by  flatus  in 
the  intestines.  This  happens  often  in  health, 
especially  in  nervous  individuals. 

BORB   (F.),   Margo,   Edge,   Margin.     Anato- 
mists have  so  named  the  boundaries  of  an  organ. 
Thus,  the  bones,  muscles,  <tc.  have  bords  as  well 
as  bodies.    The  'free  edge,'  bord  libre,  is  one  not 
connected  with  any  part;  the   'adhering  edge,' 
lord   adherent,    one  that  is  connected;  and  the 
bord   articidaire,   or    'articular  margin  or  edge,' 
that  which  is  joined  to  another  bone. 
BORD  CILIAIRE,  Ciliary  margin. 
BORDEAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS    OF. 
Near  this  great  city,  in  the  south-west  of  France, 
is  a  saline,  chalybeate  spring.     It  contains  oxide 
of  iron,  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime,  chlorides 
of  sodium  and  calcium,  subcarbonate  of  soda,  and 
sulphate  of  magnesia. 
BORE,  Boron. 
BORE-TREE,  Samhucus. 

BORGNE  (F.),  Codes,  Unoe'ulus,  Luscus, 
Luseio'sas.  One  who  has  only  one  eye,  or  sees 
only  with  one.  The  word  has  been  used,  figu- 
ratively, for  blind,  in  surgery  and  anatomy.  See 
Csecus. 

BORIUM,  Boron. 

BORKHAUSENIA  cava,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 
BORN,  past  participle  of  bear,  (F.)  ne.  Brought 
forth  from  the  womb. 

Born  Alive.  It  has  been  decided  by  English 
-judge?,  that  'to  be  born  alive,'  means,  that  acts 
of  life  must  have  been  manifested  after  the  whole 
body  has  been  extruded;  and  that  respiration  in 
transitu  is  not  evidence  that  a  child  was  born 
alive.  It  must  be  'wholly  born  alive;'  hence 
respiration  may  be  a  sign  of  life,  but  not  of  live 
birth. 

BORON,  Bo'rium,  Borum,  (F.)  Bore.  A  simple 
substance,  the  basis  of  boracic  acid;  obtained,  by 
heating  potassium  with  boracic  acid,  as  a  dark. 


olive-coloured  powder,  devoid  of  taste  and  smell. 
Heated  in  the  air  or  in  oxygen,  it  is  converted 
into  boracic  acid. 

BOR'OSAIL,  Zael.  Ethiopian  names  for  a 
disease,  very  common  there,  which  attacks  the 
organs  of  generation,  and  appears  to  have  con- 
siderable analogy  with  syphilis. 

BORRAGO,  Borago  officinalis. 

BORRI,  Curcuma  longa. 

BORRIBERRI,  Curcuma  longa. 

BORSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Borse  is 
a  village  in  Beam.     The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BORUM,  Boron. 

BOSA.  An  iEgyptian  name  for  a  mass,  made 
of  the  meal  of  darnel,  hemp-seed,  and  water.  It 
is  inebriating. — Prospero  Alpini.  At  the  present 
day,  it  is  applied  to  a  kind  of  acidulated  and, 
sometimes,  fermented  scherbet.  In  its  common- 
est form,  it  is  made  by  fermenting  an  infusion  of 
millet-seed.  A  more  agreeable  Bosa  is  prepared 
by  the  Egyptians  from  tamarinds  and  honey; 
and  by  the  Greeks  from  the  fruit  of  Solanum  Ly- 
copersicum.  This  last  is  called,  by  them,  Apoaia- 
TiKov,  Brosis'ticon. 

BOSCHESJESMANSTHEE,  Methystophyl- 
lum  glaucum. 

BOSOM,  see  Mamma. 

BOSSA,  Plague  token. 

BOSSE,  Hump,  Protuberance  —  h.  NaeaJe, 
Nasal  protuberance. 

BOSSU,  see  Hump. 

BOSWELLIA  SERRATA,  see  Juniperus  lycia 
— b.  Thurifera,  see  Juniperus  lycia. 

BOTAL  FORA'MEN,  Fora'men  Bota'le  seu 
Botal'lii,  Fora'men  Ova'le,  (F.)  Troii  de  Bo- 
tal,  Trou  ovale.  A  large  opening  which  exists 
in  the  foetus  in  the  partition  between  the  two 
auricles  of  the  heart;  and  by  means  of  which 
the  blood  passes  from  one  to  the  other.  Its 
discovery  is  generally  attributed  to  Leonard  Bo- 
tallus,  Botal,  or  Botalli,  who  wrote  in  1562.  It 
was  spoken  of,  however,  by  Vesalius,  and  even 
by  Galen. 

BOTANE,  Herb. 

BOTANICAL  DOCTOR,  Herb-doctor. 

BOTANIQUE 3rEDICALE,  Botany,  medical. 

BOT'ANY,  MEDICAL,  Butan'ica  Med'-ica, 
Medici'na  Botan'ica,  Phytolog"ia  Med'ica,  from 
fioTavri,  'an  herb,'  (F.)  Botanique  Medicale.  The 
knowledge  of  the  properties,  characters,  <tc.  of 
those  vegetables  which  are  used  in  medicine. 

BOTAR'GO,  (F.)  Botargue.  A  preparation 
made  in  Italy  and  the  south  of  France,  with  the 
eggs  and  blood  of  the  Mugilcepih'alus  or  Mullet, 
strongly  salted,  after  it  has  become  putrescent. 
It  is  used  as  a  condiment. 

BOTARGUE,  Botargo. 

BOTCH,  (L)  Bozza.  Of  old,  a  swelling  of  the 
skin.     A  phlegmon.     A  large  ulcerous  affection. 

BOTHOR.  An  Arabic  term  for  abscess  in  the 
nares.  It  means,  also,  a  tumour  in  general; 
especially  those  which  are  without  solution  of 
continuity. 

BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS,  B.  latus,  BotJirio- 
eeph' alum,  from  Podptov,  'a  small  pit,'  and  KctpaXrj, 
'  head.'  Botrioceph'alua,  Diboth'rium  latum, 
Tce'nia  lata  seu  vulga'ris  seu  os'culis  lateral'ibus 
gem'inis  seu  grisea  seu  membrana' cea  seu  tenel'la 
seu  denta'ta  seu  huma'na  iner'mis  seu ^jv/nui  seu 
os'culis  lateral'ibns  solita'riis  seu  aceph'ala  seu 
osculis  superficial' ibus,  Lumbri'cus  latns,  Plate'a, 
Haly'sis  membrana'cea  seu  lata,  (F.)  Tenia  d  an- 
neaux  courts  ou  non  arme,  Ver  solitaire,  Broad 
Tape-worm.  Common  in  Switzerland,  Russia, 
and  some  parts  of  France.  It  inhabits  the  intes- 
tines of  man,  and  extends  to  an  enormous  length. 
A  broken  specimen  has  been  obtained  60  yards 
long. — Goeze. 

BOTH'RION,  Both'rium,  from  fio^piov,  'a  smalf 


BOTHRIUM 


137 


BOURBON-LANCY 


pit,  cavity,'  &c.  An  alveolus,  or  small  fossa.  A 
small,  deep  ulcer  on  the  cornea. — Galen,  Paulus 
of  .^gina.     See  Fossette. 

BO  LHRIUM,  Bothrion,  Fossette. 
BOTHROS,  Fovea. 
BOTIN.  Terebinthina. 
BOTIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOTOTHINUM.     An  obscure  term,  used  by 
Paracelsus  to  denote  the  most  striking  symptom 
of  a  disease : — the  Flos  morhi. 
BOTOU,  Pareira  brava. 
BOTRIOCEPHALUS,  Bothriocephalus. 
BOTRION,  Alveolus. 

BOTROPHIS  SERPENTARIA,  Actsea  race- 
mosa. 

BOTRTS,  Chenopodium  botrys,  see  Vitis  vini- 
fera  —  b.  Ambrosioides,  Chenopodium  ambrosio- 
ides  —  b.  Americana,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides 
— b.  Anthelmintica,  Chenopodium  anthelminti- 
cura — b.  Mexieana,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides. 

BOTTINE(F.).  A  thhi  hoot  or  huskin,  O'cren 
le'vioi:  An  instrument  which  resembles  a  small 
boot,  furnished  with  springs,  straps,  buckles,  &c., 
and  used  to  obviate  distortions  of  the  lower  ex- 
tremities in  children. 

BOTTLE-NOSE,  Gutta  rosea. 
BOTTLE-STOOP.    In  Pharmacy,  an  arrange- 
ment for  giving  the  proper  inclination  to  a  bottle 
containing  a  powder,  so  as  to  admit  of  the  -con- 
tents being  readily  removed  by  the  knife,  in  dis- 
pensing medicines.      It    consists  of  a  block  of 
wood  with  a  groove  in  the  upper  surface,  to  re- 
ceive the  bottle  in  an  oblique  position. 
BOTTOM,  Nates. 
BOTTRY-TREE,  Sambucus. 
BOUBALIOS,  Momordica  elaterium,  Vulva. 
BOUBON,  Bubo. 

BOUGAGE  AN  IS,  Pimpinella  anisum  — 5. 
3fnjeiir,  Pimpinella  magna  —  h.  Minenr,  Pimpi- 
nella saxifraga — h.  Petit,  Pimpinella  saxifraga. 

BOX! CHE,  Mouth  — 6.  Fdteuse,  Clammy 
mouth. 

BOUCLEMENT,  Infibulation. 
BOUE,  see  Corruption. 

BOUE  SPLENIQUE.  The  altered  blood  ex- 
travasated  into  the  splenic  cells  has  been  so 
called. 

BOUES  DES  EAUX  (F.),  Boues  Minemles, 
Bal'uea  Coeno'sa.  The  mud  or  swamp,  formed 
near  mineral  springs,  impregnated  with  the  sub- 
stances contained  in  such  springs,  and  conse- 
quently possessing  similar  properties.  TheBoiies 
are  applied  generally  and  topically,  in  France,  at 
the  springs  of  St.  Amand,  Bagneres  de  Luchon, 
Bagnols,  and  Bareges  ;  in  the  United  States,  at 
the  White  Sulphur  in  Virginia,  &c. 

BOUES  MINEBALES,  Boues  des  eau.v. 
BOUFFE,  (F.)     The  small  eminence,  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  two  lips. — Delaurens. 
BocFFE,  Eructation. 
BOUFFEE  DE  OHALEUR,  Flush. 
BOUFFISSURE,  Puffiness. 
BOUGIE,   (F.)     A  wax   candle:    CandeVula, 
Cnnde'la,  C.  ce'rea  seu  medica'ta,  Ce'reum  medi- 
cn'tum,  Oere'obis  Ohirnrgo'rum,  Dce'dion,  Speo'l'- 
him  ce'reum,    Virga  ce'rea,  Cere'olus.     A  flexible 
cylinder,  variable  in  size,  to  be  introduced  into 
the  urethra,  oesophagus,  rectum,  &c.,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  dilating  these  canals,  when  contracted. 
A  Simple  Bougie  is  composed  of  solid  and  inso- 
luble substances;  as  plaster,  elastic  gum,  gutta 
percha,  catgut  —  (Bougie  de  Corde  d  hoyau,)  &c. 
It  acts  of  course  onlj'  mechanically. 

Bougie,  Med'icated,  (F.)  B.  jlfedicamenteuse, 
has  the  addition  of  some  escharotic  or  other  sub- 
stance to  destroy  the  obstacle  :  as  in  the  Caustic 
Bougie,  (Y.)  B.  eauterisante,  B.  armee,  B.  emplas- 
tigue,  which  has  a  small  portion  of  Lunar  Caus- 


tic or  Common  Caustic  inserted  in  its  extremity. 
Ducamp  has  recommended  a  Bougie,  which  swell.<< 
out  near  its  extremity,  for  the  better  dilating  of 
the  urethra.  This  he  calls  B.  d  ventre.  The 
metallic  Bougie,  invented  by  Smyth,  is  a  compo- 
sition of  metal,  allowing  of  great  flexibility;  and 
a  hollow  Bougie  is  one  with  a  channel  running 
through  it,  to  be  used  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
catheter,  or  otherwise. 

Bougie,  Uterine,  Sound,  uterine. 
BOUILLTE,   (F.)  PuUic'ula,  Pap,  from   (F.) 
houillir,  'to  boil.'    Flour,  beaten  and  boiled  with 
milk.     It  is  a  common  food  for  infants. 

BOUILLON,  (F.)  from  houillir,  'to  boil,'  Jus, 
Sorhit"io.  A  liquid  food,  made  by  boiling  the 
flesh  of  animals  in  water.  The  osmazome,  gela- 
tin, and  soluble  salts  dissolve ;  the  fat  melts,  and 
the  albumen  coagulates.  Bouillon  is  nourishing, 
owing  to  the  gelatin  and  osmazome.  The  .Jus  de 
Viande  is  a  very  concentrated  Bouillon,  prepared 
of  beef,  mutton,  veal,  &c. 

BOUILLON,  in  common  language,  in  France, 
means  a  round  fleshy  excrescence,  sometimes 
seen  in  the  centre  of  a  venereal  ulcer. 

BOUILLON  BLANC,  Verbascura  nigrum. 
BOUILLONS  MEBICINAUX  on  PHAR- 
3IACEUTIQUES,  Medicinal  or  Pharmaceutic 
Bouillons,  contain  infusions  or  decoctions  of  me- 
dicinal herbs.  The  Bouillon  aux  herhes  is  gene- 
rally composed  of  sorrel  or  beet. 

BOUILLON  d'OS,  (F.)  Bouillon  from  hones, 
is  obtained  by  treating  bones  with  muriatic  acid, 
in  order  to  dissolve  the  earthy  parts.  The  gela- 
tin, which  remains,  is  then  boiled  with  a  little 
meat  and  vegetables. — D'Arcet.  Bouillon,  how- 
ever, can  be  easily  obtained  from  the  bones  of 
roast  meat  bv  simple  coction. 

BOUILL ONNEJIENT,  Ebullition. 
BOUrS,  Buxus. 

BOULE  D'ACIER,  Ferrum  tartarizatum— &. 
de  Mars,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  h.  de  Molsheim, 
Ferrum  tartarizatum — h.  de  Nancy,  Ferrum  tar- 
tarizatum. 
BOULEAU  COMMUN,  Betula  alba. 
BOULESIS,  Voluntas. 

BOULIM'IA,  Bulim'ia,  Bulim'ins,  Bu'limxts, 
Bou'limos,  Bnlimi'asis,  Bolis'mos,  Eclim'ia.  Fames 
cani'na  seu  bovi'na  seu  lupi'na,  Appeti'tus  cani- 
nus,  Appeten'tia  cani'na,  Adepha'gia,  Cijnorex'ia, 
Orex'is  cyno'des,  Bupi'na,  Bupei'na,  PhagcB'na, 
Phagedm'na,  from  /Sous,  'an  ox,'  and  Ai/^of, 
'hunger  ;'  or  from  /?ou,  augmentative  particle,  and 
Xi/jof,  'hunger,'  (F.)  Boulimie,  Faim  canine,  F. 
devorante,  Polyphagie.  An  almost  insatiable 
hunger.  A  canine  appetite.  It  is  sometimes 
seen  in  hysteria  and  pregnancy;  rarely  under 
other  circumstances. 
BOULIMIE,  Boulimia. 

BOULOGNE,     MINERAL     WATERS     OF. 
Boulogne  is  in  the  department  of  Pas-de-Calais, 
France.     The  waters  are  chalybeate. 
BOUNCING  BET,  Saponaria. 
BOUND,  Costive. 
BOUNTREE,  Sambucus. 
BOUQUET  ANATOMIQUE  DE  BIOL  AN, 
(F.)  from  bouquet,  a  collection  of  flowers  or  other 
substances  tied  together.    A  name  given,  by  some 
anatomists,  to   the   collection  of  ligaments   and 
muscles,  inserted  into  the  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone. 

Bouquet  Fever,  Dengue. 
BOURBILLON,  see  Furunculus  (core). 
BOURBON-LANCY,    MINERAL   WATERS 
OF.     Bourbon-Lancy  is  a  small  village   in    the 
department   of  Saone-et-Loire,    France ;    where 
there  are  thermal  saline  springs,  containing  car- 
bonic acid,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of 
!  soda,  chloride  of  calcium,  carbonate  of  lime,  irpiL. 


BOURBON   L'ARCHAMBAUT 


BRACHIOCYLLOSIS 


and   silica.     Tlieir  heat  is   from  106°    to  135° 
Fahrenheit. 

BOURBON"  L'ARCHAMBAUT,  MINERAL 
"WATERS  OF.  This  town  is  in  the  department 
of  Allier,  six  leagues  west  from  Moulins,  and 
has  been  long  celebrated  for  its  thermal  chaly- 
beate waters.  They  contain  sulphohydric  acid, 
sulphate  of  soda,  magnesia,  and  lime,  carbonate 
of  iron,  and  silica.  Their  temperature  varies 
between  136°  and  145°  Fahrenheit. 

BOURBONNB-LES- BAINS,  MINERAL 
"WATERS  OF.  These  springs  are  seven  leagues  j 
from  Langres,  department  of  Haute -Marne, 
France.  They  are  thermal  and  saline,  and  have 
been  long  celebrated.  Temperature  from  106° 
to  133°  Fahrenheit.  The  Factitious  wnter,  (F.) 
Eau  de  Jjourbonne-les- Bains,  Aqua  Borvonen'sis, 
is  composed  of  water,  containing  twice  its  bulk 
of  carbonic  acid,  f^xxss;  chloride  of  sodium, 
f  3J,  chloride  of  calcium,  gr.  x,  &c. 

.BOURBOULE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  village  near  Mont  d'Or,  where  there  are  two 
thermal  saline  springs. 

BOURDAINE,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

BOURDONNEMENT,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

BOURDONNET,  Pulvil'lus,  P.  e  linamen'tis 
confec'tuB  seu  rotun'dus.  Dossil.  A  term  in  French 
surgery  for  charpie  rolled  into  a  small  mass  of 
an  olive  shape,  which  is  used  for  plugging  wounds, 
absorbing  the  discharge,  and  preventing  the 
union  of  their  edges.  In  cases  of  deep  and  pene- 
trating wounds,  as  of  the  abdomen  or  chest,  a 
thread  is  attached  to  them  by  which  they  may 
be  readily  withdrawn,  and  be  prevented  from 
passing  altogether  into  those  cavities. 

BOURGENE,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

BOURGEON,  Granulation,  Papula— 6.  Char- 
nu,  Granulation. 

BOURGEONNEMENT,  see  Generation. 

BOURGEONS,  Gutta  rosea. 

BOURGUEPINE,  Rhamnus. 

BOURRACHE,  Borago  oflBcinalis. 

BOURRELET  (F.)  A  Pad,  a  Border.  A 
fibro-cartilaginous  border,  which  surrounds  cer- 
,  tain  articular  cavities,  such  as  the  glenoid  cavity 
of  the  scapula  and  the  acetabulum  ;  by  which  the 
depth  of  those  cavities  is  augmented.  See  Cor- 
pus Callosum. 

BOURRELET ROULE,  Cornu  ammonis. 

BOURSE  d  BERGER,  Thlaspibursa— 6.  d, 
Pasteur,  Thlaspibursa. 

BOURSES  {LES),  Scrotum— 6.  Mucilagi- 
neuses,  Bursse  mucosae  —  b.  Muqueuses,  Bursee 
mucosfe. 

BOURSOUFLURE,  Puffiness. 

BOURTREE,  Sambucus. 

BOUSSOLE,  Glossanthrax. 

BOUT  BE  SEIN  (F.),  'End  of  the  breast,' 
'nipple.'  An  instrument  of  caoutchouc  or  ivory 
to  place  over  the  nipple  when  the  infant  sucks, 
soon  after  delivery,  or  where  the  nipple  is  in  a 
morbid  condition. 

BOUTON,  Papula— 6.  d'Alep,  see  Anthrax— 
6.  Malin,  see  Anthrax  —  b.  d'Or,  Ranunculus 
acris.  ^ 

BOUTONNIERE  (F.),  Fissu'ra,  Incis'io.  A 
long  incision  made  into  the  urethra  to  extract  a 
calculus  from  the  canal,  when  it  is  too  large  to 
be  discharged. 

Also,  a  small  incision  or  puncture,  made  in  the 
peritoneum,  or  above  the  pubis,  to  penetrate  the 
bladder  in  certain  cases  of  retention  of  urine. 

BOVACHEVO,  Datura  sanguinea. 

BOVILL^,  Rubeola. 

BOVISTA,  Lycoperdon. 

BOWEL,  Intestine. 

BOWLEGGED,  see  Cnemoscoliosis. 


BOWMAN'S  CAPSULE,  see  Kidney. 

BOWMAN'S  ROOT,  Euphorbia  corollata,  Gil- 
lenia  trifoliata,  Leptandria  purpurea. 

BOXBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

BOX,  MOUNTAIN,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BOX  TREE,  Buxus,  Cornus  Florida. 

BOXWOOD,  Cornus  Florida. 

BOYAU,  Intestine — b.  Pollinique,  see  Pollen. 

BRABYLON,  Prunum  Damascenum. 

BRACHERIOLUM,  Truss, 

BRACHERIUM,  Truss. 

BRACHIA  COPULATIVA,  see  Peduncles  of 
the  Cerebellum. 

BRACHIA  PONTIS,  see  Peduncles  of  the 
Cerebellum. 

BRACHI^US,  Brachial  — b.  Internus,  Bra- 
chialis  anterior. 

BRA'CHIAL,  Brachia'lis,  Brachia'us,  from 
Braehium,  'the  arm.'     "What  belongs  to  the  arm. 

Brachial  Aponeuro'sis.  An  aponeurosis, 
formed  particularly  by  expansions  of  the  tendons 
of  the  latissimus  dorsi,  pectoralis  major,  and  del- 
toides  muscles,  and  which  completely  envelops 
the  muscles  of  the  arm. 

Brachial  Artery,  Arte'ria  brachia'lis,  Hu'- 
meral  Artery,  (F.)  Artere  OU  Tronc  brachial. 
The  artery,  which  extends  from  the  axilla  to  the 
bend  of  the  elbow  ;  where  it  divides  into  A.  eubi- 
talis  and  A.  radialis.  It  passes  along  the  inter- 
nal edge  of  the  biceps,  behind  the  median  nerve 
and  between  the  accompanjnng  veins.  Under 
the  name  Brachial  Artery,  Chaussier  includes 
the  subclavian,  axillarj',  and  humeral,  the  last 
being  the  brachial  proper. 

Brachial  Muscle,  Anterior,  3Ius'culus  Bra- 
chia'lis Ante'rior,  Brachia'lis  internus  seu  anti'- 
cus,  Brachim'us,  B.  internus,  (F.)  iluscle  brachial 
interne,  Htnnero-czibital — (Ch.)  This  muscle  is 
situate  at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
arm,  and  before  the  elbow-joint.  It  arises,  fleshy, 
from  the  middle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna.  Use,  To 
bend  the  fore-arm. 

Brachial  Plexus,  Plexus  Brachia'lis,  is  a 
nervous  plexus,  formed  by  the  interlacing  of  the 
anterior  branches  of  the  last  four  cervical  pairs 
and  the  first  dorsal.  It  is  deeply  seated  in  the 
hollow  of  the  axilla,  and  extends  as  far  as  the 
inferior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  gives 
off  the  thoracic  nerves,  supra  and  infra  scapular, 
and  the  brachial  (which  are  six  in  number),  the 
axillary,  cutaneous,  muscido-cutaneous,  radial, 
cubital,  and  median. 

Brachial  Veins  are  two  in  number,  and  ac- 
company the  artery,  frequently  anastomosing 
with  each  other:  they  terminate  in  the  axillary. 
Under  the  term  Brachial  Veins,  Chaussier  in- 
cludes the  humeral,  axillary,  and  subclavian. 

BRACHIALE,  Carpus. 

BRACHIAL'GIA,  Neural'gia  Brachia'lis, 
from  (ipaxtiiiv,  'the  arm,'  and  a'Xyo;,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  arm,  neuralgia  of  the  arm. 

BRACHIALIS,  Brachial— b.  Anticus,  Brachial 
muscle — -b.  Externus,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti 
— b.  Internus,  Brachial  muscle. 

BRACHIERIUM,  Truss. 

BRACHILE,  Truss. 

BRACHILUVIUM,  Bath,  arm. 

BRACHIO-CEPHALIC  ARTERY,  Tnnomi- 
nata  arteria — b.  Veins,  Innominatse  venas. 

B  R  A'C  H 1 0-C  U'B  I T  A  L,  Brachio-cubita'lis. 
That  which  belongs  both  to  the  arm  and  cubitus. 
This  name  has  been  given  to  the  internal  lateral 
ligament  of  the  elbow-joint;  because  it  is  at- 
tached to  the  OS  brachii  or  os  humeri  and  to  the 
cubitus  or  ulna. 

BRACHIOCYLLO'SIS,  from  0paxtu>v,  'the 
arm,'  and  xuXXuo-if,  'the  act  of  making  crooked.' 


BKACHION 


139 


BRAS 


Curvature  of  the  arm  inwards.     Paralysis  or  loss 
of  power  from  cur\ature  of  the  arm. 

BRACHIOISr,  Brachium. 

BRACHION'CUS,  from  Ppaxt'^v,  'the  arm,' 
and  oyKoi,  'a  swcllino;.'     A  tumour  of  the  arm. 

BRA'CHIO-RA'DIAL,i^/'«c7(i'o-rorf;a7!«.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  brachium  and  radius.  This 
name  has  been  applied  to  the  external  lateral 
ligament  of  the  elbow-joint,  because  it  is  attached 
to  the  humerus  and  to  the  radius.  See  Supinator 
radii  longus. 

BRACHIORRHETJ'MA,  Bheumatis'mm  hra'- 
chii,  from  (ifta'x^iiov,  'the  arm,'  and  pcvfia.  'deflux- 
ion,  rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  arm. 

BRACHIOT'OMY,  BrncMotom'ia,  from  Ppa- 
%ia)j/,  'arm,'  and  tout],  'incision.'  Amputation  of 
the  arm.  ' 

BRACHIROLUM,  Truss. 

BRA'CHIUM,  Bra'chlon,  Lacer'tua,  (F.)  Bras, 
'the  arm.'  The  arm  from  the  shoulder  to  the  wrist, 
or  the  part  between  the  shoulder  and  elbow.  See 
Humeri  Os. 

BEA'cHiusr  Ante'rius.  a  rounded  process, 
which  passes  from  the  anterior  pair  of  the  cor- 
pora quadrigemina  {nates)  obliquely  outwards 
into  the  thalamus  opticus. 

Beachidm  Movens  Quartus,  Latissimus  dorsi. 

Bra'chium  POste'rids.  A  rounded  process, 
which  passes  from  the  posterior  pair  of  the  qua- 
drigemina {testes)  obliquely  outwards  into  the 
optic  thalamus. 

BRACHUNA,  Nymphomania,  Satyriasis. 

BRACHYAU'CHEN,  from  l^axv?,  'short,'  and 
av)(_nv,  'neck.'     One  who  has  a  short  neck. 

BRACHYCEPH'AL^  (Gentes),  'short  heads,' 
from  (Spaxvs,  'short,'  and  K£(pa\rj,  'head.'  In  the 
classification  of  Retzius,  those  nations  of  men 
whose  cerebral  lobes  do  not  completely  cover  the 
cerebellum — as  the  Sclavonians,  Fins,  Persians, 
Turks,  Tartars,  &c. 

ERACHYCHRON'IUS,  from  l^paxvg,  'short,' 
and  XP"''"^}  'time.'  That  which  continues  but  a 
short  time.  A  term  applied  to  diseases  which 
are  of  short  duration. — Galen. 

BRACHYGNA'THUS,  from  Ppaxv;,  'short,' 
and  yvados,  'the  under  jaw.'  A  monster  with  too 
short  an  under  jaw. — Gurlt. 

BRACHYNSIS,  Abbreviation. 

BRACHYPNCEA,  Dyspnoea. 

BRACHYP'OTI,  from  Ppaxv;,  'short,'  and 
Torrig,  'drinker.'  They  who  drink  little,  or  who 
drink  rarely.     Hippocrates,  Galen.  Foesius. 

BRACHYRHYN'CHUS,  from  fyaxvs,  'short,' 
and  (ivyxos,  'snout.'  A  monster  with  too  short  a 
nose. 

BRACHYSMOS,  Abbreviation, 

BRACING,  Corroborant. 

BRACKEN,  Pteris  aquilina. 

BRADY^STHE'SIA,  from  PpaSv;,  'difficult,' 
and  aiadrjaii,  'sensation.'     Impaired  sensation. 

BRABYBOLISMUS,  Bradyspermatismus. 

BRADYECOIA,  Deafness. 

BRADYLOG"IA,  Dy  sla' Ha /from  PpaSv;,  'diffi- 
cult,' and  \oyo;,  'a  discourse.'  Difficulty  of  speech. 

BRADYMASE'SIS,  Brachjmasse'sis,  impro- 
perly Bradymaste'sis,  Ifaiiduca'tio  diffic"il{s, 
from  Ppaivi,  'difficult,'  and  nacnaig,  'mastica- 
tion.'    Difficult  mastication.     See  Dysmasesis. 

BRADYMASTESIS.  Bradymasesis. 

BRADYPEP'SIA,  Tarda  cibo'nnn  concoe'fio, 
from  PpaSvs,  'slow,'  and  vcnno,  'I  digest.'  Slow 
digestion.— Galen.     See  Dyspepsia. 

BRADYSPERiMATIS'MUS,  BradybohVmus, 
Ejacula'tio  sem'inis  impedi'ta,  Dysperviatis'mus, 
from  l^paSvs,  'slow,'  and  arepfia,  'sperm.'  A  slow 
emission  of  sperm. 

BRADYSU'RIA,  Tenes'mns  vesi'ca,  (F.)  Ti- 
nesme  vesical,  from  I3pa&vs,  'difficult,'  and  ovpuv, 


'to  pass  the  urine.'     Painful  evacuation  of  the 
urine,  with  perpetual  desire  to  void  it.     Dysuria. 

BRADYTOCIA,  Dystocia. 

BRAG'GET,  Braggart,  Bragwort.  A  name 
formerly  applied  to  a  tisan  of  honey  and  water, 
See  Hydromeli. 

BEAI  LIQUIDE,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  6. 
Sec,  Colophonia. 

BRAIN,  Cerebrum — b.  Fag,  see  Nervous  dia- 
thesis. 

BraiNjLittle,  Cerebellum. 

Brain  Pan,  Cranium — b.Sand,  see  Pineal  gland. 

BRAINE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Braine 
is  a  small  village,  three  leagues  from  Soissons, 
France,  which  has  purgative  waters  similar  to 
those  of  Passy. 

BllAIRETTE,  Primula  veris. 

BRAKE,  COMMON,  Pteris  Aquilina— b.  Rock, 
Polypodium  vulgare,  Polypodium  incanum. 

Brake  Root,  Polypodium  vulgare. 

BRAKING,  Vomiting,  Vomiturition. 

BRAMBLE,  AMERICAN  HAIRY,  see  Rubus 
fruticosus — b.  Common,  Rubus  fruticosus. 

BRAMBLE-BERRIES,  see  Rubus  fruticosus. 

BRAN,  Furfur. 

BRAKC-URSINE  BATARBE,  Heraclenm 
spondylium. 

BRANCA  GERMANICA,  Heracleum  spondy- 
lium —  b.  Ursina,  Acanthus  mollis  —  b.  Vera, 
Acanthus  mollis. 

BRANCH,  from  (F.)  Branche,  originally,  pro- 
bably, from  Ppaxii^v,  'an  arm,'  [?]  because  branches 
of  trees,  <tc.,  go  off  like  arms.  A  term  applied, 
generally,  to  the  principal  division  of  an  artery 
or  nerve.  The  word  is  commonly  used  synony- 
mously with  Ramus  ,- hut  often,  with  the  French, 
Branche  signifies  the  great  division; — Rameau, 
Lat.  Ramus,  the  division  of  the  branches;  and 
Ramuseides,  Lat.  Ramuseuli,  the  divisions  of 
these  last. 

The  French,  also,  speak  of  the  lr<tnches  of  the 
pubis  for  the  Rami  of  that  bone,  branches  of  the 
ischium  for  the  rami  of  the  ischium,  &c. 

BRANCHES  BE  LA  3I0ELLE  ALLON- 
GEE  {PETITES),  Corpora  restiformia. 

BRANCHI,  BranchcB.  Swellings  of  the  ton- 
sils, or  parotid,  according  to  some; — of  the  thy- 
roid gland,  according  to  others. 

BRAN'CHIA,  (Gr.)  0payxia.  The  gills  or  re- 
spiratory organs  of  fishes,  corresponding  to  the 
lungs  of  terrestrial  animals. 

BRANCHUS,  ppayxos,  Rauce'do.  A  catarrhal 
affection  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  fauces, 
trachea,  &o. — Galen.     Hoarseness. 

BRANCI,  Cynauche  tonsillaris. 

BRANCIA,  Vitrum. 

BRANDWINE,  Brandy. 

BRANDY,  (G.)  Branntwein,  Dutch, 
Brandwijn,  'burnt  wine,'  (Old  Eng.)  Brand- 
wine.  Viniim  advs'tum  seu  crema'tinn.  Aqua 
VitcB,  (F.)  Spir'itus  vini  Gall'ici,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Sptr'itns  Gall'icus,  Eau  de  vie,  (S.)  Aguardiente. 
The  first  liquid  product  obtained  by  distilling 
wine.  It  is  composed  of  water,  alcohol,  and  an 
aromatic  oily  matter,  which  gives  it  its  flavour. 
Brandy  is  a  powerful  and  diffusible  stimulant, 
and  as  such  is  used  in  medicine.  It  has  been 
also  called  Liquor  Aquile'gius.     See  Spirit. 

Brandy,  Apple,  see  Pyrns  malus — b.  Egg,  see 
Ovum. 
Brandy-Bottles,  see  Nymphaga  lutea. 
Brandy-Face,  Gutta  rosea. 
BRANKS,  Cynanche  parotidaea. 
BRANK URSINE,  Acanthus  mollis. 
BRANNTWEIN,  Brandy. 
BRAS.     See  Oryza. 

BRAS,  Brachium — 5.  dn  Cervelet,  Corpora  Fes- 
tiformia 


BRASDOR'S   OPERATION        140 


BREGMA 


BRASDOR'S  OPERATION  POR  ANEU- 
RISM. An  operation  by  ligature,  proposed  by 
Brasdor,  which  consists  in  the  application  of  the 
ligature  on  the  distal  side  of  the  tumour. 

"braseuur,  mineral  waters  of. 

Braseo-ur  is  a  place  in  the    diocese  of  Rhodez, 
where  there  are  cathartic  waters. 
BRASENIA,  B.  Hydropeltis. 
Brase'nia  Hydropel'tis,  Brase'nia,  B.  Pel- 
tu'ta,  Hydropel'tis  purpu'rea,  Geladna  aquat'ica, 
Frogleaf,  Little   Water  Lily,   Water  Jelly,  Water 
shield,   Water  target,   Deerfood.     An  indigenous 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Ranunculacese,  iS'e^.  Syst.  Poly- 
andria  Polygynia,  flourishing  from  Kentucky  to 
Carolina  and  Florida;  and  covering  the  surface 
of  ponds,  marshes,  &c.     The   fresh    leaves   are 
mucilaginous,  and  have  been  used  in  pulmonary 
complaints,  dysentery,  &c.,  like  Cetraria. 
Brasenia.  Peltata,  B.  Hydropeltis. 
BRASH,    (Sc),   of  uncertain    etymology.     A 
transient  attack  of  sickness.     A  bodily  indispo- 
sition.—Jamieson.     A  rash  or  eruption.  (Prov. 
West  of  England.) 

Brash,  Water,  Pyrosis, 

Brash,  Weaning,  (Sc.)  Speanuiy  brash, 
Atroph'ia  Ahlactato'rum.  A  severe  form  _  of 
diarrhoea,  which  supervenes  at  times  on  weaning. 
The  IJaladie  de  Crwveilhier  appears  to  be  a  simi- 
lar affection. 

BRASTLETTO,  see  Caesalpinia. 
BRASIUM,  Malt. 
BRASMOS,  Fermentation. 
BRASS,  Sax.  bpar,  }¥ehh,  pr^s.     AurichaV- 
cum,   properly,    Orichal'cum,  ('mountain  brass,' 
from   opog,    'a  mountain,'  and   x"^'^"^'    'brass.') 
Chrysoehal'cos,   Ghalcos,  Esecavum,    (F.)   Airaiiu 
A  yellow  metal,  formed  by  mixing  copper  with 
calamine.    The  same  general  remarks  apply  to  it 
as  to  copper.     See  Cuprum. 

BRAS'SICA,  Crambe,  B.  olera'cea  seu  capita'- 
ta  seu  crtnm'na  of  the  old  Romans.  The  Cab- 
bage, (F.)  Ghou  potager.  Order,  Cruciferse.  Sex. 
Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliquosa.  Cato  wrote  a 
book  on  its  virtues.  It  is  a  vegetable  by  no 
means  easy  of  digestion  when  boiled;  when  raw, 
it  appears  to  be  more  digestible.  When  forming 
a  solid  globular  mass,  like  a  head,  it  is  the  B. 
Capita'ta,  (F.)  Chou-Cabus,  Choii  Pomme. 

Brassica  Canina,  Mercurialis  perennis — b. 
Capitata,  Brassica — b.  Cumana,  Brassica. 

BrAS'siCA  Eru'ca,  B.  his'pida,  Eru'ca,  E.  foe'- 
tida  seu  sati'va,  Sina'pis  eru'ca,  Sisym'brinm 
crucas'trum.  Garden  Jiocket,  Roman  Rocleet, 
Shinlock,  &C..,  (F.)  Chou  Roquette,  Roqnette. 
This  was  considered  by  the  Romans  an  aphrodi- 
siac.—  Columella.  The  seeds  were  ordinarily 
used. 

Bras'sicA  Flor'ida,  —  Bras' sica  Pompeia'na 
of  the  ancients — the  Caulijloioer,  Caidis  Flor'ida, 
(F.)  Ghou-Jleur,  is  a  more  tender  and  digestible 
variety. 

The  Broc'coli,  B.  Sabel'lica  of  the  Romans,  B. 
Ital'ica,  belongs  to  this  variety. 

Brassica  Hispida,  B.  eruca  —  b.  Italica,  B. 
Florida — b.  Marina,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

Bras'sica  Napds,  Napus  Sylvestris,  Bu'nias, 
Rape,  (F.)  Navette.  The  seed  yields  a  quantity 
of  oil. 

Brassica  Nigra,  Sinapis  nigra — b.  Oblonga, 
B.  rapa  —  b.  Oleracea,  Brassica  —  b.  Pompeiana, 
B.  Florida. 

Bras'sica  Rapa,  Rapa  rotun'da  seu  oblon'ga 
seu  napns,  Rapum  majiis,  Sina'j^is  tubero'sa. 
Turnip,  (F.)  Ghou  navet,  Navet,  Rave.  The  tur- 
nip is  liable  to  the  same  objection  (but  to  a  less 
extent)  as  the  cabbage. 

Brassica  Sadellica,  B.  Florida. 
BRATHU,  Juniperus  sablna. 
BRATHYS,  Juniperus  sabina. 


BRAWLINS,  Arbutus  uva  ursi,  Vaccinium 
vitis  idaea. 

BRAWN,  Muscle. 
BRA  YER,  Truss. 

BRAYERA  ANTHELMINTIC  A,  Hagenia 
Abyssinica. 

BRAZIL  WOOD,  Caesalpinia  echinata. 
BREAD,  see  Tritieum. 

Bread,  Gluten.  Bread  made  of  wheat  dough 
deprived  of  the  chief  portion  of  its  starch  by 
washing.  Bread,  made  of  gluten  only,  cannot 
be  eaten,  on  account  of  its  hardness  and  tough- 
ness ;  hence  one-fifth  of  the  normal  quantity  of 
starch  is  allowed  to  remain,  and  in  this  form  the 
bread  is  said  to  be  tolerably  light,  eatable,  and 
moderately  agreeable. 

Bread,  Household,  Syncomistos. 
BREADBERRY,  Pap. 
BREAD-FRUIT  TREE,  Artocarpus. 
BREAKBONE  fever.  Dengue. 
BREAST,  Thorax,  Mamma — b.  Abscess  of  the, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa  —  b.  Pigeon,  see  Lor- 
dosis. 

BREAST-GLASS,  Milk-glass.  A  glass  applied 
to  the  nipple  to  receive  the  milk  when  secreted 
copiously  by  the  mamma. 

Breast,  Irritable,  Neuralgia  mammas. 
BREAST-PANG,    SUFFOCATIVE,    Angina 
pectoris. 

BREAST-PUMP,  Antlia  Lactea. 
BREASTWEED,  Saururus  cernuus.  . 
BREATH,  Sax.  bpase,  (Old  Eng.)  Aande, 
and  Ande,  Hal'itiis,  Anhel'itus,  An'imus,  Spir'- 
itiis,  At'mos,  (F.)  Haleine.  The  air  expelled  from 
the  chest  at  each  expiration.  It  requires  to  be 
studied  in  the  diagnosis  of  thoracic  diseases  espe- 
cially.    See  Respiration. 

Breath,  Oppens'ive,  Fcetor  Oris,  Catostoma- 
tosphre'sia,  Hal'itas  oris  foe' tidus,  Oze.  An  offen- 
sive condition,  which  is  usually  dependent  upon 
carious  teeth,  or  some  faulty  state  of  the  secre- 
tions of  the  air  passages.  The  internal  use  of  the 
chlorides  may  be  advantageous. 

Breath,  Saturnine,  see  Saturnine — b.  Short, 
Dyspnoea. 

BREATHING  AIR,  see  Respiration. 
Breathing,  Difficulty  of.  Dyspnoea. 
BRECHET,  (F.)  The  Brisket.     This  name  is 
given  in  some  parts  of  France  to  the  cartilago 
ensiformis,  and  sometimes  to  the  sternum  itself. 
BRECHMA,  Bregma. 
BRECHMUS,  Bregma. 

BREDISSVRE  (F.),  Trismus  Capistra'tus. 
Incapacity  of  opening  the  mouth,  in  consequence 
of  preternatural  adhesion  between  the  internal 
part  of  the  cheek  and  gums;  often  occasioned  by 
the  abuse  of  mercury. 

BREDOUlLLEilENT  (F.),  Tituban'tia.  A 
precipitate  and  indistinct  mode  of  utterance,  in 
which  a  part  only  of  the  words  is  pronounced, 
and  several  of  the  syllables  viciously  changed. 
This  defect  is  analogous  to  stuttering,  but  differs 
from  it  in  being  dependent  on  too  great  rapidity 
of  speech ;  whilst  stuttering  is  characterized  by 
continual  hesitation,  and  frequent  repetition  of 
the  same  syllables. 
BREE,  Supercilium. 
BREED,  Race. 

BREEDING,  Generation,  Pregnant. 
Breeding,  Cross.    The  act  of  raising  or  breed- 
ing from  different  stocks  or  families. 

Breeding-in-and-in.     The  act   of  raising   or 
breeding  from  the  same  stock  or  family. 
BREELLS,  Spectacles. 

BREGMA,  Breehma,  Breehmus,  from  flpeyctv, 
'  to  sprinkle ;'  Fontanel' la,  Sin'eiput.  The  top 
of  the  head  was  thus  called,  because  it  was  be- 
lieved to  be  humid  in  infants;  and,  according  to 


BREGMATODYMIA 


141 


BROMINE 


some,  because  it  was  conceived  to  correspond  to 
the  most  humid  part  of  the  brain. 

CKEGMATODYMIA,  see  Cephalodymia. 
BRENNING,  Burning. 
BREPHOCTONON,  Conyza  squarrosa. 
BU^PHOTROFllE'VyiyEcthelobrephotrophe'- 
nm,  from  (ipttpog,  'a  new-born  child,'  and  rpt^eiv, 
'  to  nourish.'     A  foundling  hospital. 
BRESILLET,  Csesalpina  sappan. 
BRE'VIA  VASA,  Short  Vessels.     This  name 
has  been  given  to  several  branches  of  the  splenic 
arteries  and  veins,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
great  cul-de-sac  of  the  stomach. 
BREVIS  CUBITI,  see  Anconeus. 
BRICK,   (F.)  Brique.     Hot  bricks  are  some- 
times used  to  applj'  heat  to  a  part,  as  to  the  ab- 
domen in  colic,  or  after  the  operation   for  popli- 
teal aneurism  :  or,  reduced  to  very  fine  powder, 
and  mixed  with  fat,  as  an  application  to  herpetic 
and  psoric  aifections. 

Bricks,  Forna'eecB  Testa  or  Tiles  were  for- 
merly bruised  in  vinegar,  and  the  liquid  was  used 
as  a  specific  in  cutaneous  affections.  They  en- 
tered, also,  into  a  cerate  used  for  scrofulous  hu- 
mours, &a.  To  the  Terra  Forna'cum,  or  Brick 
eai-fh.  the  same  virtues  were  assigned. 

BRICKLIKE  SEDIMENT,  see  Lateritious. 
BRICUMUM,  Artemisia. 

BRIDE  (F.),  'a  bridle.'  Frcn'mtlum,  Reti- 
nac'uhvn.  This  term  is  given,  in  the  plural,  to 
membranous  filaments,  which  are  found  within 
abscesses  or  deep-seated  wounds,  and  which  pre- 
vent the  exit  of  pus.  The  term  is,  also,  applied 
to  preternatural  adhesions,  which  occur  in  cica- 
trices of  the  skin,  in  the  urethra,  or  in  inflamed 
serous  or  synovial  membranes. 
BRIEF,  Rife. 

BRIER,  WILD,  Rosa  Canina. 
BRIGHT'S    DISEASE   OF  THE   KIDNEY, 
see  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the. 

BRIGHTON,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  air  of  this 
fashionable  watering-place,  on  the  south  coast  of 
England,  is  dry,  elastic,  and  bracing.  Its  cli- 
mate appears  to  the  greatest  advantage  in  the 
autumn  and  early  part  of  the  winter;  when  it  is 
somewhat  milder  and  more  steady  than  that  of 
Hastings.  Accordingly,  it  is  adapted  for  all 
eases  in  which  a  dry  and  mild  air  at  this  season 
of  the  year  proves  beneficial.  In  the  spring 
months,  owing  to  the  prevalence  of,  and  its  ex- 
posure to,  north-east  winds,  the  climate  is  cold, 
harsh,  and  exciting  to  the  delicate.  It  is  well 
adapted  for  convalescents,  and  for  all  who  require 
a  dry  and  bracing  sea  air. 
BRIMSTONE,  Sulphur. 
BRINE,  Muria. 

BRINTON  ROOT,  Leptandria  purpurea. 
BRION.  Corallina. 
BRIQ  UE,  Brick. 

BRIQUEBEO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  town  is  three  leagues  from  Cherbourg,  in 
France.  The  water  contains  chloride  of  iron. 
BRIQUETE,  Lateritious. 
BRISE-COQUE  (E.),  from  Iriser,  'to  break 
to  pieces,' and  coque,  'a  shell.'  An  instrument 
designed  by  Heurteloup  for  breaking  to  pieces 
the  shell  of  a  vesical  calculus,  after  it  has  been 
hollowed  by  his  mandrin  d  virgnle. 

BRISE-PIERRE  ARTICULE  {¥.),  from 
Iriser,  'to  break  to  pieces,  and  pieri-e,  'a  stone.' 
An  instrument  invented  by  Jacobson  for  crush- 
ing the  stone  in  the  bladder. 

BRISTOL  HOT  AVELL,  Bristolien'sis  Aqua. 
Bristol  is  about  thirteen  miles  from  Bath,  in 
England.  The  water  is  an  almost  pure  thermal; 
slightly  acidulated.  It  contains  chlorides  of 
magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid, 


oxygen  and  azote.  Temperature,  74°  Fah.  The 
Hot  Well  has  been  long  celebrated.  Its  action 
is  like  that  of  thermal  waters  in  general.  The 
climate  of  Bristol  is  mild,  and  hence  the  water 
has  been  celebrated  for  the  cure  of  incipient  pul- 
monary consumption.     See  Clifton. 

BRIZOCERAS,  Ergot. 

BROAD,  Sax.  bpatj,  Latns,  (F.)  Large.  Any 
body  is  so  termed  whose  transverse  extent  is 
considerable  compared  with  its  length.  The 
Broad  Bones,  such  as  the  frontal,  parietal,  occi- 
pital, iliac-,  aid  in  forming  the  parietes  of  splanch- 
nic cavities.  Broad  Muscles  generally,  occupy 
the  parietes  of  cavities,  and  especially  those  of 
the  chest  and  abdomen.  The  epithet  has  also 
been  applied  to  other  parts — as  to  the  broad  liga- 
ments of  the  womb,  &c. 

BROCCOLI,  Brassica  sabellica. 

BROCHOS,  j3po;n;o;,  La'queus.     A  bandage. 

BROCHT,  Vomiting. 

BROCH'THUS,  (ipox^o;,  Grdn.  The  throat. 
Also,  a  kind  of  small  drinking  vessel. — Hipp. 

BROCHUS,  (ijio'x^os.  This  name  has  been  given 
to  one  who  has  a  very  prominent  upper  lip. 
According  to  others  it  means  one  whose  teeth 
project  in  front  of  the  mouth. 

BRO'DIUM.  A  synonym  of  Jus  or  Jus'cidum. 
Broth,  or  the  liquor  in  which  any  thing  is  boiled. 
Bro'dinm  satis — a  decoction  of  salt. 

BR0IE3IENT,  see  Cataract,  Laceration  -h. 
de  la  Pierre,  Lithotrity. 

BROKELEAK,  Rumex  hydrolapathum. 

BROKEN  DOSES,  see  Doses,  broken. 

BROKEN-WINDEDNESS,  Asthma. 

BROMA,  Aliment,  Bromine. 

BROMATOECCRISIS,  Lientery. 

BROMATOG'RAPHY,  Bromatograph'ia,  Bro- 
mog'raphy,  Bromograph'ia,  from  (Spwita,  'food,' 
and  ypacpv,  'a  description.'  A  description  of  ali- 
ments. 

BROMATOL'OGY,  Bromatolog"ut,  Sitiol'ogy, 
from  (Spiii/ia,  'food,'  and  }^oyos,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  food. 

BROME,  Bromine. 

BROMEGRASS,  Bromus  ciliatus  — b.  Soft, 
Bromus  ciliatus. 

BROME'LIA  ANA'NAS,  called  after  Olaus 
Bromel,  a  Swede.  Car'dnus  Braxilia'nns,  Ana'- 
nas  ova'ta  seu  acidea'ta,  Anas'sa,  Capa-Isiak'ka, 
Ana'nas  or  Pine  Apple,  Soursop.  Order,  Bro- 
meliacese.  A  West  India  tree,  which  produces 
the  most  delicious  of  fruits. 

Brome'liA  Pingoin,  Ana'nas  Ameriea'na,  Pin- 
guin.  Broad-leaved  vyild  Ana'nas,  &o.  The  West 
India  plant,  which  affords  the  Pinguin  fruit.  The 
fruit  is  refrigerant,  and  the  juice,  when  ripe,  very 
austere.  It  is  used  to  acidulate  punch.  A  wine 
is  made  from  the  Pinguin,  which  is  very  intoxi- 
cating, and  has  a  good  flavour. 

BROMIC,  Bro'micns ;  same  etymon  as  Bro- 
mine.    Containing  bromine. 

BROMIDE  OF  IRON,  see  Bromine  — b.  of 
Mercury,  see  Bromine  —  b.  of  Potassium,  see 
Bromine. 

BROMIDRO'SIS,  from  ISpafios,  'stench,'  and 
'tip(i)S,  'sweat.'     Offensive  sweat. 

BROMINE.  Bro'minum  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842),  Bro- 
min'ium  (1851),  Broma,  Bromin'eum.  Bro'mium, 
Bro'mina,  Bromum,  Mu'rina,  Jfuride,  Brome. 
A  simple  body,  of  a  very  volatile  nature,  and 
highly  offensive  and  suffocating  odour,  whence 
its  name,  from  Ppwuoi,  'a  stench.'  It  is  met  with 
chiefly  in  sea-water,  and  in  many  .animal  and 
vegetable  bodies  that  live  therein.  It  has  like- 
wise been  found  in  many  mineral  waters  of  this 
and  other  countries.  In  its  chemical  relations, 
it  may  be  placed  between  chlorine  and  iodine. 
With  oxygen  it  forms  an  acid — the  Bromic,  and 
with  hydrogen  another — the  Htjdrubromic. 


BROMIUM 


142 


BRONCHITIS 


Pure  Bromine  ;  Bromide  of  Iron,  Ferri  Bro'- 
midum,  Ferrum  broma' turn,  (P.)  Broniure  de  Fer, 
in  solution,  Hydrobromate  of  Iron,  Ferri  hydro- 
bro'nias,  Ferrum  hydrohro'micum  oxyda'tHm,[dose, 
gr.  i  or  ij,);  and  Bromide  of  Potassium,  Potas'sii 
bro'miditm,  (F.)  Bromiire  de  potassium,  haxe  been 
used  medicinally,  and  chiefly  in  scrofulosis  — 
internally,  as  well  as  applied  externally.  Bro- 
mine may  be  dissolved  in  forty  parts  of  distilled 
water,  and  six  drops  be  commenced  with  as  a 
dose.  Bromides  of  Mercury  i^Hydrar'gyri  Bro'- 
mida,  (P.)  Bromures  de  Mercure),  have  been  given 
in  syphilis.  The  prolobromide  and  the  bibromide 
are  analogous  in  composition  and  medicinal  pro- 
perties to  the  corresponding  iodides  of  mercury. 

Chloride  op  Bromine,  Bromin'ii  chlo'ridum 
— made  by  passing  chlorine  through  bromine,  and 
condensing  the  resulting  vapours  by  cold,  has  been 
prescribed  internally,  as  well  as  externally,  in 
cancer ;  but  chiefly  in  the  latter  mode,  in  the 
form  of  a  caustic  paste,  either  alone  or  with  other 
chlorides — as  those  of  zinc,  antimony,  and  gold. 

BROMIUM,  Bromine. 

BROMOGRAPHY,  Bromatography. 

BROMOS,  /?pM//of.  One  of  the  cerealia,  sup- 
posed, by  some,  to  be  oats.     See  Avena. 

BROMOSUS,  Fetid. 

BROMUM,  Bromine. 

BROMUEE  BE  FER,  see  Bromine  — 6.  de 
Mercure,  see  Bromine  —  6.  de  Potassium,  see 
Bromine. 

BROMUS  CILIA'TUS,  B.  purgans,  Brome 
grass;  indigenous:  Order,  Graraineae ;  is  said  to 
be  emetic,  and  anthelmintic  [?],  cathartic  and 
diuretic.     It  purges  cattle. 

Bromus  Glaber,  Triticum  repens. 

Bromus  Mollis,  Soft  Brome  Grass.  The  seeds 
are  said  to  cause  giddiness  in  man,  and  to  be 
fatal  to  poultry. 

Bromus  Purgans,  B.  ciliatus — b.  Temulentus, 
Lolium  temulentum. 

BRONCHARCTIA,  Bronehiostenosis. 

BRONCHECTASIS,  Bronchia,  dilatation  of 
the. 

BRONGHES,  Bronchia— 6.  Ganglions  lym- 
phatiques  des,  Bronchial  glands. 

BRONCHI,  Bronchia. 

BRON'CHIA,  Bron'chicp,  Bronchi,  from  0poy- 
Xos,  'the  throat.'  The  Latins  used  the  term 
Bronchus  for  the  whole  of  the  trachea;  whilst 
they  called  its  ramifications  Bronchia.  Bronchia, 
Bronchias,  and  Bronchi,  (F.)  Branches,  now  mean 
the  two  tubes,  with  their  ramifications,  which 
arise  from  the  bifurcation  of  the  trachea,  and 
carry  air  into  the  lungs — Cari'nulcB  j)^dmo'num, 
Syrin'ges  seu  Cana'les  a'erif'eri. 

Bronchia,  Dilatation  op  the.  Dilated  Bron- 
chia, Bronehec'tasis,  Bronchiec'tasis,  Dilatatio 
bronchia' rum.  The  physical  signs  of  this  condi- 
tion are  the  following :  Percussion  usually  clear, 
but  not  unfrequently  less  so  than  natural,  although 
very  seldom  quite  dull.  A  uscultation  detects  coarse 
mucous  or  gurgling  rhonchi,  increased  by  the 
cough,  combined  with,  or  replaced  by,  bronchial 
or  cavernous  respiration,  which  is  often  effected 
as  if  by  a  sudden  puff  or  whiff.  The  resonance 
of  the  voice  is  increased,  but  it  seldom  amounts 
to  perfect  pectoriloquy.  The  most  common  situa- 
tions for  dilated  bronchia  are  the  scapular,  mam- 
mary, or  lateral  regions.  They  are  almost  always 
confined  to  one  side. 

Bronchia,  Obliteration  or  Compression  op 
THE.  The  inspiratory  murmur  on  auscultation 
is  weaker  or  wholly  suppressed  over  a  limited 
portion  of  the  chest;  the  expiration  is  generally 
more  distinct  and  prolonged :  all  the  other  con- 
ditions are  natural. 

BRONCHIA,  see  Bronchia. 


BRON'CHTAL,  Bronchic,  Bronchia'lis,  Bron'- 
chicus,  (F.)  Bronchial,  Bronchique.  That  which 
relates  to  the  bronchia. 

Bronchial  Arteries,  {¥.)Arteres  Bronehiques. 
These  are  generally  two  in  number,  one  going  to 
each  lung.  They  arise  from  the  thoracic  aorta, 
and  accompany  the  bronchia  in  all  their  ramifi- 
cations. 

Bronchial  Cells,  (F.)  Cellides  bronehiques. 
The  Air-cells;  the  terminations  of  the  bronchia. 

Bronchial  Cough,  (P.)  Toux  bronchique,  T. 
tubaire.  This  generally  accompanies  bronchial 
respiration.  They  both  indicate  obstruction  to 
the  entrance  of  air  into  the  air-cells. 

Bronchial  Glands,  Glan'didas  Vesalia'ncB, 
Glands  of  Vesa'lius,  (F.)  Glandes  bronehiques, 
Ganglions  lymphaiiques  des  branches,  are  nume- 
rous glands  of  an  ovoid  shape;  of  a  reddish  hue 
in  the  infant,  and  subsequently  brown  and  black, 
seated  in  the  course  of  the  bronchia.  Their  func- 
tions are  unknown.  The  bronchial  glands  may 
be  presumed  to  be  affected  by  scrofulosis,  when, 
in  addition  to  the  existence  of  tumours  in  the 
neck,  percussion  gives  a  dull  sound  under  the 
upper  and  central  part  of  the  sternum,  whilst 
there  is  no  appreciable  lesion  of  the  lungs. 

Bronchial  Nerves,  (P.)  Nerfs  bronehiques, 
are  furnished  by  the  two  pulmonary  plexuses. 

Bronchial  Phthisis,  see  Phthisis  bronchial — 
b.  Respiration,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

Bronchial  Veins  arise  from  the  last  divisions 
of  the  arteries  of  the  same  name,  and  pass,  on 
the  right  side,  into  the  vena  azygos ;  on  the  left, 
into  the  superior  intercostal. 

BRONCHIC,  Bronchial. 

BRONCHIECTASIS,  Bronchia,  dilatation  of 
the. 

BRONCHIITIS,  Bronchitis. 

BRON'CHIOLE,  Bronchiolum,  Bronchiolus ; 
diminutive  ot  Bronchium  or  Bronchus.  A  minute 
bronchial  tube. 

BRONCHIOPNEUMONIA,  Bronchopneumo- 
nia. 

BRONCHIOSTENO'SIS,  Bronchiarc'tia,  from 
^poyxoi,  'a  bronchus,'  and  crTevoKri;,  'contraction.' 
Contraction  or  narrowness  of  the  bronchi. 

BRONOHITE  CONVULSIVE,  Pertussis— 6. 
Pseudomembraneuse,  Polypus  bronchialis. 

BRONCHI'TIS,  Bronchii'tis,  Inflamma'tio 
bronchio'rum,  Catar'rhus  Pulmo'num  seu  bron- 
chio'rum,  Pleuri'tis  hu'mida  seu  bronchia'lis, 
Bronchos' ta sis,  Angi'na  bronchia'lis,  Pul'monary 
Catarrh,  (F.)  Inflammation  des  Branches.  In- 
flammation of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  bron- 
chial tubes.  This  is  always  more  or  less  present 
in  cases  of  pulmonary  catarrh  ;  and  is  accompa- 
nied by  cough,  mucous  expectoration,  dyspnoea, 
and  more  or  less  uneasiness  in  breathing.  The 
acute  form  is  accompanied  with  all  the  signs  of 
internal  inflammation,  and  requires  the  employ- 
ment of  antiphlogistics  followed  by  revulsives. 
The  chronic  form,  Tussis  seni'lis,  Catar'rhus  seni'- 
lis,  Rheuma  catarrha'le,  Peripneumo'nia  notha, 
Bronchorrhoe'a  acu'ta.  Winter  Cough,  Chronic 
Catarrh,  may  be  confounded  with  phthisis;  from 
which  it  must  be  distinguished  mainly  by  the 
absence  of  hectic  fever  and  of  the  physical  signs 
that  are  characteristic  of  the  latter,  as  well  as 
by  the  nature  of  the  expectoration,  which  is  ge- 
nerally mucous,  although  at  times  muco-purulent. 
When  the  expectoration  is  little  or  none,  the  bron- 
chitis is  said  to  be  dry,  dry  catarrh,  (F.)  Catarrhe 
Sec. 

When  bronchitis  affects  the  smaller  tubes,  it  is 
termed  capil'lary  bronchi'tis,  bronchi'tis  capilla'- 
ris,  bronchoc'ace  infanti'lis  [?],  and  is  often  fatal 
to  children.  Vesic'ular  bronchitis  is  the  term 
proposed  by  M.M.  Rilliet  and  Barthez  for  the 
vesicular  pneumonia  of  children. 


BRONCHIUS 


143        BRUIT  DE  CRAQUEMENT 


Bronchitis,  Catarrh — b.  Astheniea,  Peripneu- 
monia not.ha  —  b.  Capillary,  see  Bronchitis  —  b. 
Chronic,  see  Bronchitis  —  b.  Crouposa,  Polypus 
bronchialis — b.  Convulsiva,  Pertussis — b.  Exsu- 
dativa.  Polypus  bronchialis. 

Bronchitis,  Mechan'ical.  Inflammation  of 
the  lining  membrane  of  the  air-tubes,  induced  by 
the  inhalation  of  irritating  particles. 

Bronchitis  Membranacea,  Polypus  bronchia- 
lis— b.  Plastic,  Polypus  bronchialis — b.  Pseudo- 
membranous, Polypus  bronchialis — b.  Summer, 
Fever,  hay — b.  Vesicular,  see  Bronchitis. 
BRONCHIUS,  Sterno-thyroideus. 
BRONCHLEMMITIS,  Polypus  bronchialis. 
BRONCHOCACE,  Peripneumonia  notha  — b. 
Infimtilis,  see  Bronchitis. 

BRONCHO-CATARRHUS,  Catarrh. 
BRONCHOCE'LE,  from  ^poyxos,  'a  bronchus,' 
and  KrjXri,  'tumour.'  An  inaccurate  name  for  the 
affection  which  is  called,  also,  Bo'cMum,  Botium, 
Bocium,  Hernia  gut'turis  seu  gutlura'lis  seu  hron- 
chia'l!s,Guttur  tu'midum  seu  globo'sum,  Trache- 
lophy'ma,  Thyroce'le,  Thyreoce'le,  Tracheoce'le, 
Tracheloce'le,  ThyremphroK'  is,  Thyreophrax'ia, 
Thyrophrax'ia,  Thyreon'ciis,  Thyron'cus,  Deiron'- 
cus,  Deron'cus,  Gossum,  Go'tium,  Exechebron'chus, 
Gomgro'na,  Struma,  Glans,  Tuber  gutturo' sum, 
Gutte'ria,  &c.,  the  Derbyshire  neck,  Sinelled  neck, 
Wen,  Goitre,  &c.,  (F.)  Goitre,  Gouetre,  Hyper- 
trophic du  Corps  Thyro'ide,  Grosse  Gorge,  Gros 
Cou.  This  is  no  rupture,  but  consists  of  an  en- 
largement of  the  thyroid  gland.  It  is  common 
at  the  base  of  lofty  mountains  in  every  part  of 
the  world;  and  has  been  supposed  to  be  owing 
to  the  drinking  of  snow-water,  but  it  occurs 
where  there  is  no  snow.  The  tumour  is  some- 
times very  extensive.  Iodine  has  great  power 
over  it,  and  will  generally  occasion  its  absorp- 
tion, when  the  case  has  not  been  of  such  dura- 
tion as  to  have  ended  in  a  cartilaginous  condition. 
BRONCHOCEPHALITIS,  Pertussis. 
BRONCHOPARALYSIS,  Asthma. 
BRONCHOPHONY,  Resonance— b.  Pectorilo- 
quous.  Pectoriloquy — b.  Strong,  Pectoriloquy. 

BRONCHOPLAS'TIC,  Bronchoplas'ticus,  from 
Ppoy)(^og,  'a.  bronchus,'  and  TrXao-tro),  '  I  form.'  An 
epithet  given  to  the  operation  for  closing  fistulas 
in  the  trachea  ;  Bron'choplasfy. 

BRONCHOPNEUMO'NIA,  Bron'chiopneu- 
mo'nia,  from  j3poy;^of,  'a  bronchus,'  and  Pneumo- 
nia.    Inflammation  of  the  bronchia  and  lungs. 

BRONCHORRHCE'A,  (F.)  Bronchorrhle,  Ca- 
tarrhe  pit uiteux,Phlegmorrhcigie  pidmonaire, Flux 
bronchique,  from  Ppoyxoi,  'bronchus,'  and  p£U),  'I 
flow.'  An  increased  secretion  of  mucus  from  the 
air  passages,  accompanied  or  not  by  inflammation, 
—  a  gleet,  as  it  were,  of  the  pulmonary  mucous 
membrane.  When  excessive,  it  may  constitute 
Phthisis  pituito'sa  seu  muco'sa,  Myco-phlhi'sis. 
Bronchorrhcea  Acuta,  Bronchitis  (chronic). 
BRONCHOSTASIS,  Bronchitis. 
BRONCHOTOME.Bronchot'omus,  from  Ppoy- 
■)(oq,  and  Tifivtiv,  '  to  cut.'  A  kind  of  lancet,  with 
a  blunt  and  rounded  point,  mounted  on  a  handle, 
and  fitted  to  a  canula,  which  passes  in  along  with 
it,  and  is  allowed  to  remain  in  the  opening  made 
in  the  trachea. 

BRONCHOT'OMY,  Bronchotom'ia,  (F.)  Bron- 
chotomie.  Same  etymology.  A  surgical  operation, 
which  consists  in  making  an  opening  either  into  the 
trachea,  {Tracheot' omy :)  into  the  larynx,  {Laryn- 
got'omy:)  or  into  both,  [Trachea-laryngot' omy ,)  to 
extract  foreign  bodies  or  to  permit  the  passage  of  air 
to  the  lungs.  These  different  parts  are  divided  trans- 
versely or  vertically,  according  to  circumstances. 
BRONCHO-VESICULAR  RESPIRATIdST, 
see  Respiration. 

BRONCHUS,  see  Bronchia,  Trachea. 
BROOKLIME,  Veronica  beccabunga. 


BROOM,  Sophora  tinetoria,  Spartium  scopa- 
rium — b.  Butcher's,  Ruscus — b.  Clover,  Sophora 
tinetoria — b.  Indigo,  Sophora  tinetoria — b.  Rape, 
of  Virginia,  Orobanche  Virginiana — b.  Spanish, 
Spartium  junceum — b.  Yellow,  Sophora  tinetoria. 
BROSSARDIERE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Brossardiere  is  a  chateau  in  Bas-Poitou, 
France.  The  waters  contain  carbonates  of  iron 
and  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of 
lime.  They  are  aperient. 
BROSSE,  Brush. 

BROTH,  CHICKEN,  see  Chicken  Broth. 
Broth,  Vegetable.  Take  two  potatoes,  a  car- 
rot, and  an  onion,  all  cut  fine;  boil  in  a  quart  of 
water  for  an  hour,  adding  more  water  from  time 
to  time,  so  as  to  keep  the  original  quantity  ;  fla- 
vour with  salt,  and  a  small  quantity  oi potherbs ; 
strain.  A  little  mushroom  catchup  improves  the 
flavour. 

BROTHER,  UTERINE,  see  Uterine. 
BROVILLARD,  Caligo. 
BROUS'SAIST.  One  who  is  a  believer  in,  and 
professor  of,  the  physiological  and  pathological 
opinions  of  Broussais.  The  system  itself  was 
called  BROUSSAisir,  or  the  Physiological  Doc- 
trine. 

BROW,  Front — b.  Ague,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 
BROWN  RED,  Colcothar. 
BROWN'IAN,  Broiono' nian,  Bruno'nian.    Re- 
lating to  the  system  or  opinions  of  John  Brown. 
B  R  0  W  N I S  M,    Bru'nonism,    Bruno' nianism. 
The  doctrines  of  Brown. 

BROWNIST,  Broiono'nian,  Bruno'nian.  A 
follower  of  the  system  of  Brown. 

BRU'CEA  ANTI-DYSENTER'ICA.  Called 
after  Bruce,  the  Abyssinian  traveller.  B,  ferru- 
gin'ea,  Angustu'ra  spu'ria,  (F.)  Fausse  Angiis- 
ture,  A.  Ferrugineuse.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  plant  whence  was  obtained — it  was  supposed 
— false  Angustura  or  false  Cusparia  Bark.  It 
is  really  the  bark  of  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 
BRUCIA,  Brucine. 

BRUCINE,  Bru'cia,  Bruei'na,  Briici'nwm, 
Bru'cium,  Pseudangusturi'num,  Canirami'num, 
Canira'minm,  Vom'icine,  Angus'turine.  An  orga- 
nic, salifiable  base,  discovered  in  the  false  angus- 
tura— Brticea  anti-dysenter'ica,  and  obtained  from 
Strychnos  nux  vom'ica.  It  is  of  a  pearly  white ; 
crystallizes  in  oblique  prisms  with  a  parallelo- 
grammatic  base;  is  very  bitter,  slightly  acrid 
and  styptic,  and  soluble  in  water,  but  more  so  ia 
alcohol.  Brucia  is  a  less  active  poison  than 
strychnia.  It  resembles  it,  however,  and  may 
be  used  as  a  substitute  for  it  and  for  the  extract 
of  nux  vomica.     Dose,  half  a  grain. 

BRUCKENAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  in  Bavaria,  and  contain  car- 
bonic acid  and  iron. 

BRUCOURT,    MINERAL   WATERS    OF. 
Brucourt  is  three  leagues  and  a  half  from  Caen, 
in  Normandy.  The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid, 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of  soda,  much 
sulphate  of  lime,  &c. 
BRUICK,  Furunculus. 
BRUISE,  Contusion. 
BRUISE-ROOT,  Stylophorum  diphyllum. 
BRUISEWORT,  Bellis  saponaria. 
BRUISSE3IENT  (F.),  Frem'itus.    This  word 
has  much  the  same  signification  a.s  Bourdonnement, 
as  well  as  Bruit. 

BRUIT  (F.),  'sound.'  A  French  term,  applied 
to  various  sounds  heard  on  percussion  and  aus- 
cultation, viz.  : 

BRUIT  DE  CRAQUEMENT,  B.  de  TiraiUe- 
ment,  Bruit  de  cuir  neuf,  Cri  de  cuir,  '  sound  of 
crackling,  or  bursting,  or  of  new  leather.'  A 
sound  produced  by  the  friction  of  the  pericar- 
dium, when  dried  and  roughened  by  inflamma- 
tion. 


BRUIT  DU  CCEUR   FCETAL      144 


BRUSH 


BRUIT  DU  CCEUR  FCETAL,  Battemens  dou- 
bles, Double  bruit  du  Goeur  du  Foetus.  The  pul- 
sations of  the  foetal  heart  heard  in  auscultation 
in  the  latter  half  of  utero-gestation. 

BRUIT  DE  OUIR  NEUF,  Bruit  de  craque- 
tnent. 

BRUIT  DE  D I  ABLE,  Ronflement  du  Diahle, 
Bruit  de  souffle  d  double  courant,  'noise  of  the 
diable,  or  humming-top.'  Venous  hum.  A  high 
degree  of  Bruit  de  soufflet,  heard  on  auscultating 
the  arteries  or  veins — probably  the  latter — of  the 
neek,  in  chlorosis.  It  denotes  an  impoverished 
state  of  the  blood. 

BRUIT  DOUBLE  DU  CCEUR  DU  FfETUS, 
Bruit  du  Cceur  foetul  —  h.  d' Expansion  jndmo- 
naire,  see  Murmur,  respiratory — 6.  de  FrSlement, 
see  FrSlement  —  b.  de  Froissement  pulmonaire, 
see  Froissement  pulmonaire  —  b.  de  FrSlement 
pericardique,  see  Frolement  pericardique. 

BR  UIT  DEFRO  TTEMENT  ASCENDANT 
ET  DESCENDANT,  'sound  of  friction  of  ascent 
and  descent.'  Sounds  produced  by  the  rubbing  of 
the  lung  against  the  parietes  of  the  chest,  as  it 
rises  and  falls  during  inspiration  and  expiration. 
They  are  distinctly  heard  in  pleuritis,  when  the 
pleura  has  become  roughened  by  the  disease. 
Friction  sounds.  Rubbing  sounds,  To-and-fro 
Sounds  are  also  heard  in  pericarditis  and  perito- 
nitis. 

BRUIT  HUMORIQUE,  B.  Hydropneuma- 
tique.  The  sound  afforded  on  percussion  when 
organs  are  filled  -with  liquid  and  air. 

BRUIT  HYDROPNEUMATIQUE,  Bruit 
Jiumorique  —  b.  de  Jappement,  see  Sijftement  mo- 
dule— b.  de  Lime  d  bois,  see  Bruit  de  Scie. 

BRUIT  DE  MOUCHE  (F.),  'fly  sound.'  A 
sound  analogous  to  the  Bruit  de  diable — so  called 
from  its  likeness  to  the  buzzing  of  a  fly  —  heard 
on  auscultating  the  neck  in  chlorotic  cases. 

BRUIT MUSGULAIRE.  The  sound  accom- 
panying the  first  sound  of  the  heart,  referred  by 
some  to  muscular  contraction.  Called,  also. 
Bruit  rotatoire,  in  consequence  of  its  having 
been  thought  to  resemble  the  rumbling  of  dis- 
tant wheels. 

BRUIT  MUSICAL,  Sifflement  module. 

BRUIT  DE  PARCHEMIN,  'parchment 
tone.'  A  sound  as  if  produced  by  two  sheets  of 
parchment  applied  to  each  other.  It  is  said  to 
be  produced  by  thickening  and  rigidity  of  the 
valves  of  the  heart. 

BRUIT  DE  PIAULEMENT,  see  Sifflement 
module. 

BRUIT  PLACENTAIRE,  B.  de  souffle  pla- 
eentaire  ou  uterin,  Souffle  uterin  ou  place)itaire, 
Placental  bellows'  sound,  Utero-placen'tal  mur- 
mur, Uterine  murmur.  The  bellows'  sound  heard 
on  auscultating  over  the  site  of  the  placenta  in  a 
pregnant  female.  It  does  not  appear  to  be  ow- 
ing to  the  placental  vessels;  but  to  the  uterine 
tumour  pressing  upon  the  large  vessels  of  the 
mother. 

BRUIT  DE  POT  FELE,  'sound  of  a  cracked 
vessel.'  Cracked  p>ot  sound.  A  sound  heard  on 
percussion,  when  a  cavern  in  the  lungs  is  filled 
with  air,  and  has  a  narrow  outlet.  It  is  not  diag- 
nostic, however. 

BRUIT  DE RACLEMENT,  'sound  of  scrap- 
ing.' A  sound  produced  by  the  scraping  of  hard, 
solid  membranes,  as  the  pericardium,  against  each 
other,  very  analogous  to  Bruit  de  eraquement. 

BRUIT  DE  RAPE,  'sound  of  a  rasp.'  A 
sound  heard  during  the  contraction  of  either  the 
auricles  or  ventricles.  It  is  constant;  and  the 
contraction  of  the  cavity  is  more  prolonged  than 
natural,  and  emits  a  hard,  rough,  and — as  it  were 
-  -stifled  sound. 


It  indicates  contraction  of  the  valvular  orifices 
by  cartilaginous  deposits,  or  ossification,  and  is 
better  heard  near  the  apex  of  the  heart,  if  the 
auriculo-ventricular  valves  be  concerned, — near 
the  base,  if  the  semilunar  valves  be  the  seat  of  the 

BRUIT  RESPIRATOIRE,  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory. 

BRUIT  ROTATOIRE,  Bruit  muaculaire. 

BRUIT  DE  SCIE,  or  'saw  sound,'  and  Bruit 
DE  LIME  A  BOIS,  or  '  file  sound,'  resemble  the  Bruit 
de  Rape.  ^ 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLE  A  DOUBLE  COU- 
RANT, Bruit  de  Diable. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLET,  Bruit  de  Souffle, 
'bellows'  sound,'  'blowing  sound.'  A  sound  like 
that  of  a  bellows,  heard  occasionally  by  the  ear 
applied  to  the  chest  during  the  contraction  of  the 
ventricles,  auricles,  or  large  arteries.  It  coexists 
with  affections  of  the  heart,  but  is  heard,  also, 
without  any  disease  of  that  organ, — whenever, 
indeed,  an  artery  is  compressed.  An  Encephalic 
bellows'  sound,  (F.)  Bruit  de  souffle  cephalique, 
has  been  described  by  Drs.  Fisher  and  Whitney. 
It  is  heard  on  applying  the  ear  to  the  occiput  or 
to  the  top  of  the  head;  and  is  considered  to  indi- 
cate turgescence  of  vessels,  or  inflammation. 
When  such  turgescence  exists,  the  vessels  are 
compressed,  and  the  compression  gives  rise  to 
the  sound  in  question.  [?] 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLE  CEPHALIQUE,  see 
Bruit  de  soufflet  —  b.  de  Souffle  placentaire, 
Bruit  jylacentaire  —  b.  de  Souffle  uterin,  Bruit 
placentaire — b.  de  Tiraillement,  Bruit  de  eraque- 
ment. 

BRUIT  DE  SO  UP  APE,  'valvular  or  flap- 
ping noise.'  A  sound  heard  in  respiration,  when 
a  foreign  body  is  in  the  air  passages.  It  some- 
what resembles  the  flapping  of  a  valve;  hence  its 
French  name. 

BRUIT  DE  TAFFETAS,  'sound  of  taf- 
feta.' 'Sarcenet  sound.'  A  respiratory  sound, 
so  named,  by  M.  GrisoUe,  from  its  resembling  the 
sound  caused  by  the  tearing  of  a  piece  of  taffeta; 
and  which  he  considers  to  indicate  hepatization  of 
the  lung,  limited  to  the  surface,  in  pneumonia. 

BRUIT  TY3IPANIQUE,  'tympanic  sound.' 
The  clear  sound  afforded  by  percussing  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines  when  containing  air. 

BR  UIT  UTERIN,  B.  placentaire. 

BR  UITSDU  C(EUR,  see  Heart. 

BRUK,  Furunculus. 

BR  UL  URE,  Burn. 

BRUNELLE,  Prunella. 

BRUNNER'S  GLANDS,  Brunneri  Glan'dulce, 
G.  Brunneria'ncB  seu  solita'ricB,  Solitary  glands 
or  follicles,  Second  pan' creas.  Compound  muci- 
parous follicles,  seated  between  the  mucous  and 
muscular  coats  of  the  stomach,  along  the  two 
curvatures  of  that  organ,  and  in  the  duodenum ; 
so  called  from  their  discovery  having  been  gene- 
rally attributed  to  Brunner.  The  solitary  intes- 
tinal follicles  are  often  known,  at  the  present 
day,  as  the  glands  of  Brunner,  although  Brunner 
restricted  the  latter  term  to  the  glands  of  the 
duodenum. 

BRUNONIAN,  Brownian. 

BRUNONIANISM,  Brownism. 

BRUNUS,  Erysipelas. 

BBUSCUS,  Ruseus. 

BRUSH,  Scop'ula,  (F.)  Brosse.  A  well-known 
instrument,  used  in  medicine  chiefly  for  the  fol- 
lowing purposes : — 1.  To  clean  the  teeth.  2.  To 
remove  the  saw-dust  which  adheres  to  the  teeth 
of  the  trephine,  during  the  operation  of  trephin- 
ing. 3.  To  rub  the  surface  of  the  body,  for  the 
purpose  of  exciting  the  skin,  and  favouring  trans- 
piration.     Westring,  a  Swedish   physician,  has 


BRUTA 


145 


BUBONOEEXIS 


reoommended  metallic  brushes  for  the  purpose 
of  conveying  galvanism  to  a  part.  These  brushes 
consist  of  a  plate  of  ebony  fitted  to  another  of 
gold,  in  -which  threads  of  the  same  metal  are 
fixed;  —  the  brush  being  connected  with  one  of 
the  poles  of  the  galvanic  pile. 

Brosh,  Stomach,  Excutia  ventriculi. 

BRUTA,  Juniperus  sabina. 

BRU'TIA.  A  sort  of  thick  pitch,  obtained  from 
Brutia,  in  Italy.  From  Pix  Brutia  was  obtained 
the  O'leum  Pici'num. 

Brutia,  Instinct. 

BRUTINO,^Terebinthina. 

BRUTOLE,  see  Cerevisia. 

BRUXANELLI.  A  Malabar  tree,  the  bark 
and  leaves  of  which  have  a  strong  smell,  and  are 
astringent.  On  the  coast  of  Malabar,  its  juice, 
mixed  with  butter,  is  applied  to  boils.  Its  bark 
is  esteemed  to  be  diuretic,  and  its  roots  anti- 
arthritic.    ^ 

BRUYERE  VULGAIRE,  Erica  vulgaris. 

BRUYERES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bruyeres  is  a  small  village,  7i  leagues  from 
Luneville.  The  waters  are  acidulous  and  chaly- 
beate. 

BRYCETOS,  see  Algidus. 

BRYCHETHMOS,  Rugitus. 

BRYCHETOS,  see  Algidus. 

BRYGMA,  Bryqmus,  Trisia,  Priais,  Prismus, 
Odontopri'sis,  Stridor  Den'tium,  (F.)  Grincement 
des  Dents.  Grinding  of  the  teeth.  A  common 
symptom,  in  children,  of  gastric  or  other  derange- 
ment, but  often  present  when  there  is  no  reason 
to  suspect  any. 

BRYONE,  Bryonia — h.  d'Ameriqxte,  Convol- 
vulus Mechoacan. 

BRYO'NIA  AFRICA'NA,  African  Bry'ovy, 
from  /3pDw,  '  I  bud  forth.'  A  South  African 
plant,  common  amongst  the  Hottentots,  which, 
in  the  form  of  decoction,  acts  simultaneously  as 
an  emetic,  cathartic,  and  diuretic.  It  is  used  by 
the  natives  in  cutaneous  diseases,  dropsy,  and 
syphilis.  The  tincture  is  a  powerful  emetic  and 
cathartic. — Thunberg. 

Bryo'nia  Alba,  White  Bvy'ony,  Vitis  alba 
sylvee'tris,  Af/ron'tis,  Ar/riam'pelos,  Am'peloa 
a'gria,  Echetro'sis,  Bryo'nia  as'pera  seu  Ei- 
oi'ca,  Oedros'tis,  Chelido' nitim,  Lahrns'ca,  3fe- 
lo' thrum,  Ophrostaph'ylou,  Psi'lo'tlirum.  Ord. 
Cucurbitacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia. 
(F.)  Ooxleuwee,  Vigne  vlerge,  V.  blanche,  Navet 
du  diable  ou  galant.  The  root  is  large  and  suc- 
culent, and  has  an  acrid,  bitter,  and  disagreeable 
taste.  It  is  a  drastic  cathartic.  Externally,  it 
has  been  applied,  in  form  of  cataplasm,  in  gout. 
When  repeatedly  washed,  a  good  starch  is  ob- 
tained from  it.  The  active  principle  has  been 
separated  from  it,  and  called  Bry'onine. 

Bryomia  Mechoacanna  Nigricans,  Convol- 
vulus jalapa —  b.  Nigra,  Tamus  communis  —  b. 
Peruviana,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

BRYONTNE,  see  Bryonia  alba. 

BRYONY,  BLACK,  Tamus  communis  —  b. 
White,  Bryonia  alba — b.  Wild,  Sycios  angulatus. 

BRYTIA,  Marc  of  grapes. 

BR  YTOLA  TUBE,  see  Cerevisia. 

BRYTOLE,  see  Cerevisia. 

BRYTON,  Cerevisia. 

BU,  (iov,  abbreviation  of /?ous,  'an  ox,'  in  com- 
position expresses  '  excess,  greatness.'  Hence 
Btilimun,  Bnphthalmia,  &c. 

BUBASTECORDIUM,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

BUBE,  Pustule. 

BUBO,  [iov(3wv,  Pano'chia,  Panus  inguina'Us, 
Adenophy'mn  inguina'Us,  Bubonopa'nus,  Bnbo- 
non'cxis,  Buhon'ctis,  Cumbu'ea,  Angus,  Boubon, 
Codoce'le,  Codoscel'la,  (F.)  Biibon,  Pnulain.  In 
the  works  of  Iiippocrates  and  Galen,  this  vj^ord 
10 


sometimes  signifies  the  groin — Inguen  ;  at  others, 
the  inguinal  glands;  and  at  others,  again,  swell- 
ing or  inflammation  of  these  parts.  The  moderns 
apply  the  term  to  an  inflammatory  tumour  seated 
in  the  groin  or  axilla,  and  they  generally  distin- 
guish— 1.  Simple  or  Sympathetic  Bubo,  which  is 
independent  of  any  virus  in  the  economy.  2. 
Venereal  Bubo,  (F.)  Bubon  venerien,  which  is  oc- 
casioned by  the  venereal  virus.  3.  Pestilential 
Bubo,  or  B.  sympAomatic  of  the  Plague.  The  last 
two  have  by  some  been  called  malignant  Bvbo, 
(F.)  Bubon  malin. 

Primary  Bubo,  (F.)  Bubon  primitif,  shows  it- 
self with  the  first  symptoms  of  syphilis:  the  con- 
secutive not  till  afterwards. 

BUBON,  Bubo,  Inguen — b.  Gummiferum,  see 
Ammoniac  gum.  ^ 

BUBON D'EMBLEE  (F.).  An  enlargement 
and  suppuration  of  one  or  more  of  the  inguinal 
glands,  not  preceded  by  any  other  of  the  more 
common  forms  of  venereal  disease,  nor  by  any 
other  syphilitic  symptom. 

Bubon  Gal'banum.  The  systematic  name  of  a 
plant  which  has  been  supposed  to  afford  galba- 
num ;  Ileto'pion,  Muto'rium.  The  plant  is  also 
called  Fer'ula  Africa' na,  OreoseW num.  Africa' - 
num,  Ani'sum  frutico'sum  galbanif'erum  seu  Af- 
rica'num  frutes'cens,  Seli'num  Galbanum,  Agasyl'- 
lis  gal'banum,  The  long-leaved  or  lovage-leaved 
Gal'banum.  Ord.  Umbelliferse.  The  plant  can 
scarcely,  however,  be  considered  to  be  determined. 
By  the  Dublin  College,  it  is  referred  to  OpoVdia 
Galbanif'era,  Ord.  Umbelliferse.  Galbanum  is 
the  gummi-resinous  juice.  Its  odour  is  fetid,  and 
taste  bitter  and  acrid :  the  agglutinated  tears  are 
of  a  white  colour,  on  a  ground  of  reddish-brown. 
It  forms  an  emulsion  when  triturated  with  water, 
and  is  soluble  in  proof  spirits  of  wine,  and  vine- 
gar:  sp.  gr.  1'212.  It  has  been  given  as  an  anti- 
spasmodic and  expectorant,  in  pill  or  emulsion. 
Dose,  from  gr.  10  to  60.  Externally,  it  is  applied 
as  a  cataplasm. 

Bubon  galbanum  is  a  South  African  plant;  and 
is  reputed  to  be  an  excellent  diuretic,  under  the 
name  of  Wild  Celery.  A  decoction  of  the  leaves 
is  given  in  dropsy  and  gravel.  According  to 
Pappe,  the  re.sinous  matter,  which  exudes  from 
the  stem,  difl'ers  in  appearance,  smell,  and  in 
every  respect,  from  Gummi  Galbanum. 

Bubon  Macedon'icum,  Athaman'ta  Ifacedon'- 
ica,  Petroseli'num  ilacedon'icum,  A'pjium  petrce'- 
um,  Petra'pium,  (F. )  Persil  de  Macedoine,  3Iace- 
do'nian  Parsley.  Its  properties  are  similar  to 
those  of  common  parsley,  but  weaker  and  less 
grateful.  The  seeds  are  an  ingredient  in  the 
celebrated  compounds,  Mithridate  and  Theriae. 

BUBONA,  Nipple. 

BUBONALGIA,  from  /3odj3uv,  'the  groin,'  and 
aXyoi,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  groin. 

BUBONCUS,  Bubo. 

^VBO'lSflHyi,  Aster  At'ticus,  Golden  Starwort. 
A  plant  anciently  supposed  to  be  ethcacious  in 
diseases  of  the  groin,  from  ISovffmv,  'the  groin.' 

BUBONOCE'LE,  from  fiovHwv,  '  the  groin,'  and 
KriXr;,  'tumour,'  'rupture.'  Her'nia  inguina'Us,  . 
In'guinal  Hernia,  Rupture  of  the  Groin.  (F.) 
Hemic  inguinale.  Some  surgeons  have  confined 
this  term  to  hernia  when  limited  to  the  groin, 
and  have  called  the  same  affection,  when  it  has 
descended  to  the  scrotum,  Oseheoce'le,  Scrotal 
Hernia.  The  rupture  passes  through  the  abdo- 
minal ring:  and,  in  consequence  of  the  greater 
size  of  the  opening  in  the  male,  it  is  more  fre- 
quent in  the  male  sex. 

BUBONONCUS,Bubo. 

BUBONOPANUS,  Bubo. 

BUBONOREX'IS,  from  /3ou,3a;v,  'the  groin,' 
and  p??^if,  'a  rupture.'  A  name  given  to  bubono- 
cele when  accompanied  with  a  division  of  the  pe- 


BUBONULUS 


146 


BULBOCODIUM 


ritoneum,  or  -when,  in  other  words,  it  is  devoid  ; 
of  a  sac. 

BUBON'ULUS,  Bubun'eulus.  A  diminutive 
01  £ubo.  A  painful  swelling  of  the  lymphatics 
of  the  penis,  extending  along  the  dorsum  of  that 
organ  to  the  groin.  It  is  an  occasional  accom- 
paniment of  gonorrhcea. 

BUBUKLE.  A  word  used  by  Shalispeare  for 
a  red  pimple  on  the  nose. 

BUBUNCULUS,  Bubonulus. 

BUCAROS,  Terra  Portugallica. 

BUCCA,  Gnathos.  The  mouth.  The  cheek 
and  hollow  of  the  cheek.     Also,  the  vulva. 

BUCCAC'RATON,  from  Bucca,  and  /cpau),  'I 
mix.'  A  morsel  of  bread  sopped  in  wine,  which 
served  of  old  for  a  breakfast. — Linden. 

BUCCAL,  Biicca'lis,  from  Bnecn,  'the  mouth,' 
or  rather  '  the  cheek.'  That  which  concerns  the 
mouth,  and  especially  the  cheek. 

Buccal  Artery,  Artere  Sus-maxUlaire,  (Ch.) 
arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  or  from  some 
of  its  branches,  as  the  Temporalis  lyrofuvda  an- 
tico,  or  the  Alveolar.  It  distributes  its  branches 
to  the  buccinator  muscle,  and  to  the  buccal  mem- 
brane. 

Buccal  Gla>T)S,  Ifolar  Glands.  Mucous  fol- 
licles, seated  in  the  buccal  membrane,  opposite  the 
molar  teeth.  They  secrete  a  viscid  humour,  which 
mixes  with  the  saliva,  and  lubricates  the  mouth. 

Buccal  Membrane,  (F.)  Membrane  Bnccale. 
The  mucous  membrane,  which  lines  the  interior 
of  the  mouth. 

Buccal  Xerve,  Bucctna'tor  Nerve,  Biiccola- 
hial — (Ch.),  is  given  off  by  the  inferior  maxillary. 
It  sends  its  branches  to  the  cheek,  and  especially 
to  the  buccinator  muscle. 

Buccal  Yees'  follows  the  artery. 

BUC'CEA,  Buccel'la.  The  fleshy  excrescence 
of  nasal  polypus,  so  called  because  it  was  believed 
to  proceed  from  the  mouth. — Paracelsus.  Also, 
a  mouthful. 

BUCCELA'TON,  Buccela'fus.  A  loaf-shaped 
cathartic  medicine ;  made  chiefly  of  scammony. 
— Aetius,  Paulus  of  ^gina. 

BUCCELLA,  Bolus,  Buccea. 

BUCCELLA'TIO.  A  mode  of  arresting  hemor- 
^rhage,  by  applying  a  pledget  of  lint  to  the  bleed- 
ing vessel. — Avicenna,  Fallopius. 

BLCCINA,  Turbinated  bones. 

BUCCINA'TOR,  from  buccinare,  'to  sound 
the  trumpet.'  The  Buccina'tor  Jluscle,  Retrac'- 
tor  An'guli  Oris,  Bucco-Alveolo-maxillaire,  Alve- 
olo-labial — (Ch.),  Manso'rius,  is  situate  in  the 
substance  of  the  cheeks.  It  extends  between  the 
posterior  portions  of  the  alveolar  arches  of  the 
two  jaws  and  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  which 
it  draws  backward.  It  assists  in  mastication,  by 
pushing  the  food  back  towards  the  teeth  ;  and, 
if  the  cheeks  be  distended  by  air,  its  contrac- 
tion forces  it  out. 

BUCCO.  One  who  is  blub-cheeked,  or  wide- 
mouthed.     In  composition,  the  mouth. 

BUCCO-AL  VEOLO-MAXILLAIRE,  Bucci- 
nator. 

BUCCO-LABIAL  NERVE,  Buccal  nerve. 

BUCCO-PHARYNGE'AL,  Bueco-Pharynge'- 
na,  (F.)  Biicco-Pharyngien.  Belonging  to  the 
mouth  and  pharynx.  The  Bucco-phari/nge'al 
Aponeuro'sis  or  Intermax'illary  Lig'ament,  ex- 
tends from  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  pro- 
cess to  the  posterior  part  of  the  lower  alveolar 
arch,  and  affords  attachment,  anteriorly,  to  the 
buccinator,  and,  posteriorly,  to  the  constrictor 
pharynsjis  superior. 

BUC'^CULA,  from  Bucca,  'the  mouth.'  A 
small  mouth.  The  fleshy  part  beneath  the  chin. 
-^Bartholine. 

BUCERAS,  Trigonella  foenum  — b.  Foenum 
Grascum,  Trigonella  foenum  Graseum. 


BUCHU,  Diosma  crenata — b.  Leaves,  Diosma 
crenata. 

BUCKBEAN,  Menyanthes  trifoliata— b.  Ame- 
rican, Menyanthes  verna. 

BUCKBERRY,  Vaceinium  stamineum. 

BUCKET  FEVER,  Dengue. 

BUCKEYE,  ^sculus  hippoeastanum. 

BUCKHO,  Diosma  crenata. 

BUCKTHORN,  PURGING,  Rhamnus. 

BUCKU,  Diosma  crenata. 

BUCKWHEAT,  Polygonum  fagopyrum  — b. 
Plant,  eastern.  Polygonum  divarieatum. 

BUCNEMIA,  see  Elephantiasis— b.  Tropica, 
see  Elephantiasis. 

BUCTON,  Hymen. 

BUFF,  INFLAMMATORY,  Corium  phlogis- 
ticum. 

BUFFY  COAT,  Corium  phlogisticum. 

BUG,  (BED,)  Cimex. 

BUGANTIA,  Chilblain. 

BUG'GERY,  Sod'omy,  Sodom' ia,  Co'itus  So- 
domit'icus,  (I.)  Bugarone.  Said  to  have  been 
introduced  by  the  Bulgarians :  hence  the  name. 
A  carnal  copulation  against  nature,  as  of  a  man 
or  woman  with  any  animal;  or  of  a  man  with  a 
man,  or  a  man  unnaturally  with  a  woman.  The 
unnatural  crime. 

BUGLE,  Prunella  —  b.  Common,  Ajuga  rep- 
tans — b.  Pyramidale,  Ajuga — b.  Rarnpante,  Aju- 
ga reptans  —  b.  Water,  Lycopus  Virginious  —  b. 
Weed,  Lycopus. 

BUGLOSE,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGLOSS,  DYER'S,  Anchusa  tinctoria  — b. 
Garden,  Anchusa  officinalis — b.  Upright,  Ajuga. 

BUGLOSSA,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGLOSSUM  ANGUSTIFOLIUM  MAJUS, 
Anchusa  officinalis — b.  Latifolium,  Borago  offici- 
nalis—  b.  Sativum,  Anchusa  officinalis  —  b.  Syl- 
vestris,  Anchusa  officinalis  —  b.  Tinctorum,  An- 
chusa tinctoria  —  b.  Verum,  Boracic  acid  —  b. 
Vulgare  majus,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGRANDE  EPINEUSE,  Ononis  spinosa. 

BUGRANE,  Ononis  spinosa — b.  dee  Chamjjs, 
Ononis  arvenis. 

BUGULA,  Ajuga  —  b.  Chamfepitys,  Teuerium 
chamsepitys — b.  Pyramidalis,  Ajuga  —  b.  Rep- 
tans, Ajuea  reptans. 

BUIS,''Buxn9. 

BUISARD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bui- 
sard  is  two  leagues  from  Chateau-Thierry,  in 
France.  The  water  contains  chloride  of  calcium 
and  carbonate  of  lime. 

BULB,  Bulbils,  (F.)  Bulbe.  A  name,  given 
by  anatomists  to  different  parts  which  resemble, 
in  shape,  certain  bulbous  roots.  The  Bulb  of  the 
Aorta  is  the  great  sinus  of  the  Aorta.  Bulb  of  a 
Tooth ;  the  vascular  and  nervous  papilla  con- 
tained in  the  cavity  of  a  tooth.  The  Bulb  or 
Roof  of  the  Hair  is  the  part  whence  the  hair 
originates.  The  Bulb  of  the  Urethra  is  the 
dilated  portion  formed  by  the  commencement 
of  the  Corpus  spongiosum  towards  the  root  of 
the  penis.  We  say,  also,  Bulb,  for  Globe,  of  the 
eye. 

Bulb  of  the  Eye,  see  Eye — b.  of  the  Female, 
Bulbus  vestibuli' — b.  Rachidian,  see  Medulla 
oblongata. 

BULBE,  Bulb  — 6.  Rachidien,  see  Medulla 
oblongata — b.  du  Vagin,  Bulbus  vestibuli — 6.  de 
la  Voiite  d  trois  Piliers,  Mamillary  tubercles. 

BULBI  FORNICIS,  Mamillary  tubercles— b. 
Priorum  Crurum  Fornicis,  MamUlary  tubercles. 

BULBOCASTANEUM,  Bunium  bulbocas- 
tanum. 

BULBO-CAVERNEUX,  Accelerator  urina. 

BULBO-CAVERNOSUS,  Accelerator  urinse— 
b.  Syndesmo-caverneiix,  Accelerator  urinae  —  b. 
Urethral,  Accelerator  arinje. 

BULBOCODIUM,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 


BULBONACII 


147 


BURNT    HOLES 


BULBONACH,  Lunaria  rediviva. 

BULBUS,  Bulb. 

BuLBUS  Esculen'tus.  The  Es'cuJent  Bulb: 
a  particular  kind,  so  denominated  by  the  an- 
cients. It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  Cejia 
Ascalon'ica. — Dioscorides,  Celsus,  Pliny,  &c. 

BuLBUS  Glanddlosus,  Proventricukis  —  b. 
Medulla  spinalis,  Medulla  oblongata  —  b.  Oculi, 
see  Eye  —  b.  Olfactorius,  see  Olfactory  Nerves  — 
b.  Pili,  see  Hair — b.  Kachidicus,  see  Medulla  ob- 
longata— b.  Vaginae,  B.  vestibuli. 

Bdlbus  Vestib'ult,  B.  Vagi'iicB,  Plexus  re.ti- 
form'is  seu  retieula'rls  seu  caverno'sus,  Crura 
clitor'idis  inter'na,  Bulb  or  Semi-bulb  of  the  Fe- 
male, (F.)  Bulbe  du  Vagi'n.  A  close-packed 
plexus  of  intricately  anastomosing  veins,  inclosed 
in  a  fibrous  investment,  —  being  an  immediate 
continuation  and  extension  of  the^o?-«  intermedia, 
and  oceupj'ing  the  space  between  the  beginning 
or  vestibule  of  the  vagina  and  the  rami  of  the 
pubic  arch  on  each  side.  It  is  regarded  by 
Lauth,  Taylor,  Morgagni  and  Kobelt  as  the  ana- 
logue of  the  male  bulb. 

BtJLBUs  Vomito'rius.  a  plant,  said  by  Dios- 
corides to  be  emetic  and  diuretic.  It  is  the 
3[usk-grnpe  flower,  according  to  Bay, — the  Hija- 
ciiithus  Ifuscari. 

BULESIS,  Voluntas. 

BULGA,  Vulva. 

BULIMIA,  Boulimia. 

BU'LITHOS,  from  ffov;,  'an  ox,'  and  \t&o;, 
'a  stone.'  A  bezoar  or  stone,  found  in  the  kid- 
neys, gall-bladder,  or  urinary  bladder  of  an  ox 
or  cow. 

BULLA,  (F.)  Bnlle.  A  Bleh,  (Se.)  Bleib.  A 
portion  of  the  cuticle,  detached  from  the  skin  by 
the  interposition  of  a  transparent,  watery  fluid. 
It  forms  the  4th  order  in  Willan's  and  Bateman's 
arrangement  of  cutaneous  diseases,  and  includes 
erysipelas,  pemphigus,  and  pompholyx.  By 
some,  Bulla  has  been  used  synonymously  with 
Pemphigus.     See,  also.  Hydatid. 

BULLACE  PLUM,  Prunus  in  Sitia. 

BULLiB  ROTUNDA  CERVICIS  UTERI, 
Nabothi  glandulas. 

BULLDOG,  Tabanus. 

BULL-FISTS,  Lycoperdon. 

BULLOUS,  Bullo'sns,  (F.)  Bulleux.  Having 
relation  to  a  bulla  or  bleb,  as  a  'bullous  eruption.' 
Pemphigus  has  been  designated  Maladie  bul- 
leuse,  and  Fievre  buUeuse,  when  accompanied  by 
fever. 

BULLSEGG,  Typha  latifolia. 

BUMBLEKITES,  see  Rubus  fruticosus. 

BUMELLIA.  Fraxinus  excelsior. 

BUM-GUT,  Rectum. 

BUNA,  Coffea  Arabica. 

BUNCOMBE,  WARM  AND  HOT  SPRINGS 
OF.     See  North  Carolina,  Mineral  Waters  of. 

BUNDURH,  Corylus  avellana. 

BUNEWAND,  Heracleum  spondylium. 

BUNIAS,  Brassica  napus. 

BUNIOID,  Napiform. 

BUNION,  Bunyon. 

BUNI'TES  VINUM.  A  wine,  made  by  in- 
fusing the  Bunium  in  must.  It  is  stomachic,  but 
scarcely  ever  used. 

BUNIUM  CARVI,  Carum. 

Bu'nium  Bdlbocas'tanum,  0OVVIOV,  so  called, 
it  has  been  supposed,  from  growing  on  hills,  from 
fiovvog,  'a  bill,'  or  from  the  tuberosity  of  its  root. 
B.  minus,  Balanocas'tanuvi,  Sium  bulbocastanum, 
Scandex  bulbocastanum,  Cantm  bulbocastanum. 
Order,  Umbelliferse.  The  systematic  name  of  a 
plant,  whose  root  is  called  Pig-nut,  Agriocas'ta- 
mim,  Nu'eula  terres'tris,  Bulbocas'tanum  maj'us  et 
minus,  Earth-nut,  Haioh-nut,  Kipper-nut,  (Sc.) 
Arnut,  (F.)  Terre-noix.  The  root  is  tuberous, 
and  is  eaten  raw  or  roasted.     It  has  been  sup- 


posed to  be  of  use  in  strangury.  It  is  not  em- 
ployed in  medicine. 

BUNNIAN.  Bunyon. 

BUN  WEED,  Seneeio  Jacobaea. 

BUN'YON,  Bun'ion,  Bun'nian,  from  Poivoc, 
'an  eminence.'  [?]  An  enlargement  and  in- 
flammation of  the  bursa  mucosa  at  the  inside  of 
the  ball  of  the  great  toe. 

BUOPHTHALMIA,  Buphthalmia. 

BUPEINA,  Boulimia. 

BUPHTHALMI  HERBA,  Anthemis  tinctoria. 

BUPHTHAL'MIA,  Buophthal'mia,  Buphthnl'^ 
mos,  Elepjhantom'ma,  from  fiovi,  'an  ox,'  and  oip- 
^aXjioq,  'an  eye.'  Ox-eye.  Under  this  name, 
the  generality  of  authors  have  designated  the 
first  stage  of  hydrophthalmia.  Others,  with  Sa- 
batier,  mean  by  it,  turgescence  of  the  vitreous 
humour,  which,  by  pushing  the  iris  forwards, 
forms  around  the  crystalline  a  sort  of  border. 

BUPHTHALxMUM  CRETICUM,  Anthemis 
Pyrethrum  —  b.  Majus,  Chrysanthemum  Icucan- 
themum. 

BUPHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia,  Semper- 
vivum  tectorum. 

BUPINA,  Boulimia. 

BUPLEUROIDES,  Bupleurura  rotundifolium. 

BUPLEU'RUM  ROTUNDIFO'LIUM,  Bu- 
pleu'ron,  Bupleuro'i'des,  from  /Sou,  augmentative, 
and  jT^cvpov,  'side,'  (F.)  Buplevre,  Percefeuille, 
Round-leaved  flare's  Ear,  Thorowioax.  Order, 
Umbelliferffi.  The  herb  and  seeds  are  slightly 
aromatic.  It  was  formerly  celebrated  for  curing 
ruptures,  being  made  into  a  cataplasm  with  wine 
and  oatmeal. 

BUPLEVRE,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium. 

BUR  AC.  Borax.  Also,  any  kind  of  salt. 
(Arabic.) 

BURBOT,  see  Oleum  Jeeoris  Aselli. 

BURDOCK,  Arctium  lappa  —  b.  Lesser,  Xan- 
thium — b.  Prairie,  Silphium  terebinthaceum. 

BURIAL  ALIVE,  Zoothapsis. 

BURIS,  Hernia,  accompanied  by  scirrhous 
tumefaction;  or,  perhaps,  a  scirrhous  tumour 
only. — Avicenna. 

BURN.  Sax.  bejiiian  or  l3y)inan,  'to  burn  or 
bren.'  Us'tio,  Ambus'tio,  Adus'tio,  Tresis  Causis, 
Erythe'ma  Ambus'tio,  Causis,  Encau'sis,  Pyri- 
caus'tum,  Combustu'ra,  Catacau'ma,  Combus'tio, 
(F.)  Brulure.  An  injury  produced  by  the  action 
of  too  great  heat  on  the  body.  Burns  are  of 
greater  or  less  extent,  from  the  simple  irritation 
of  the  integument  to  the  complete  destruction  of 
the  part.  The  consequences  are  more  or  less 
severe,  according  to  the  extent  of  injury,  and  the 
part  affected.  Burns  of  the  abdomen,  when  ap- 
parently doing  well,  are  sometimes  followed  by 
fatal  results.  Their  treatment  varies, — at  times, 
the  antiphlogistic  being  required;  at  others,  one 
more  stimulating. 

BURNEA,  see  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

BURNET,  CANADA,  Sanguisorba  Cana- 
densis. 

BURNETT'S  DISINFECTING  LIQUID  or 
FLUID.  A  solution  of  chloride  of  zinc,  first 
used  by  Sir  William  Burnett  for  preserving  tim- 
ber, canvass,  <fec.,  from  dry  rot,  mildew,  <fcc.,  and 
afterwards  as  an  antibromic  and  antiseptic,  espe- 
cially in  the  case  of  dead  bodies.  The  Dublin 
Pharmacopoeia  has  a  Zinci  Chlo'ridi  Liquor,  So- 
lu'tion  of  Chloride  of  Zinc,  which  is  not  near  so 
strong  as  Sir  William's  preparation. 

BURNING,  Brenning.  A  disease  mentioned 
by  old  historians,  from  which  authors  have  un- 
successfully endeavoured  to  demonstrate  the  an- 
tiquity of  syphilis. — Parr. 

BURNING  OF  THE  FEET,  see  Feet,  burn- 
ing  of  the. 

BURNT  HOLES.  A  variety  of  rupia,  popu- 
larly known  in  Ireland  under  this  name;  and  not 


BURR 


148 


BUXUS 


unfrequent  there  amongst  the  ill-fed  children  of 
the  poor.     See  Rupia  escharotica. 
BURR,  Rotacisrnus. 
BURRAGE,  Borago  officinalis. 
BUR-REED,  GREAT,  Sparganium  ramosum. 
BURRH,  Rotacisrnus. 

BURRHI  SPIR'ITUS  MATRICA'LIS.  The 
Spirit  of  Burrhns  for  diseases  of  the  Womh.  It 
is  prepared  by  digesting,  in  alcohol,  equal  parts 
of  myrrh,  olibanura,  and  mastic.  Boerhaave  fre- 
quently prescribed  it. 

BURSA  CORDIS,  Pericardium— b.  Omentalis, 
see  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic — b.  Pastoris,  Thlaspi 
bursa — b.  Testiura,  Scrotum — b.  Virilis,  Scrotum. 

BURS^  MUCILAGINOSiE,  B.  mucosae. 

BURS^  MUCO'S^,  B.  nmco'sa  vesiculn'res, 
BnrscB  seu  Cap'aulcB  synovia'les,  Biennocys' tides, 
Siccci  mnco'si,  VesVcoR  ungnino'sce  ten'dinum, 
Vngi'ncB  St/tinvia'les  seu  mucilagiiio'scB,  Syno'vial 
Crypts  or  Foll'icJes,  (F.)  Bourses  Synuviales  ou 
muquexises  ou  mucilarjineuses.  Small  membranous 
sacs,  (from  fivpaa,  '  a  bag,  a  purse,')  situate  about 
the  joints,  particularly  about  the  large  ones  of 
the  upper  and  lower  extremities,  and,  for  the 
most  part,  lying  under  the  tendons.  They  are 
naturally  filled  with  an  oily  kind  of  fluid,  the  use 
of  which  is  to  lubricate  surfaces  over  which  the 
tendons  play.  In  consequence  of  bruises  or 
sprains,  this  fluid  sometimes  collects  to  a  great 
extent.  The  bursiB  are,  generally,  either  of  a 
roundish  or  oval  form,  and  they  have  been  ar- 
ranged under  two  classes,  the  sj^herical  and  the 
vaginal. 

IBiTRSyE  Synoviales,  Bursse  mucosae. 

BURSAL,  Bitrsa'Hs.  Relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  bursse, — as  a  'bursal  tumour.' 

BURSALIS,  Obturator  internus. 

BURSERA  ACUMINATA,  B.  gummifera. 

Burse'rA  Gummif'etia,  B.  acumina'ta,  Tere- 
hintli' us  gummifera,  Jdmaica  Bark  Tree.  Or- 
der, Terebinthaceae.  A  resin  exudes  from  this 
tree,  which,  as  met  with  in  the  shops,  is  solid 
externally  ;  softish  internally  ;  of  a  vitreous  frac- 
ture ;  transparent;  of  a  pale  yellow  colour  ;  tur- 
pentine smell,  and  sweet,  perfumed  taste.  It  has 
been  used  like  balsams  and  turpentines  in  gene- 
ral, and  is  called,  by  the  French,  Cachibou,  Chi- 
hou,  and  Resine  de  Gomart. 

BURSITIS,  see  Synovitis. 

BURST,  Hernia,  Hernial. 

BURSTEN,  see  Hernial. 

BURSULA,  Scrotum. 

BURTHISTLE,  Xanthiura. 

BURTREE,  Sambucus. 

BURUNHEM.  Monesia. 

BURWEED,  Xanthiura. 

BURWORT,  Ranunculus  acris. 

BUSH,  JEW,  Pedilanthus  tithymaloides. 

BUSSANG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bus- 
sang  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Vosges, 
France.     The  waters  are  acidulous  chalybeates. 

BUSSEROLLE,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BUS'SII  SPIR'ITUS  BEZOAR'TICUS,  Be- 
zoar'dic  Spirit  of  Bussius.  A  preparation,  re- 
garded as  sudorific,  diuretic,  and  antispasmodic; 
obtained  by  distilling  subcarbonate  and  muriate 
of  ammonia,  amber,  oil  of  cedar  or  juniper,  &c. 

BUTE,  ISLAND  OF,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
island  is  in  the  Frith  of  Clyde,  about  18  miles 
below  Greenock.  The  climate  is  mild  and  equa- 
ble, but  rather  moist ;  and,  as  a  winter  residence, 
it  holds  out  advantages  for  those  only  that  ap- 
pear to  demand  such  a  condition  of  the  atmo- 
sphere. The  climate  resembles,  in  character, 
that  of  the  S.  W.  of  England  and  France,  and 
the  Channel  islands;  although  its  temperature  is 
lower. 

BU'TEA  FRONDO'SA,  Erythri'na  monosper'- 


ma,  Rndolpli'ia  frondo'sa,  see  Kino.  A  tree, 
common  in  Bengal,  and  in  the  mountainous  parts 
of  India;  Nat.  Ord.  Leguminosae  ;  from  which 
gum  butea  flows.  Dr.  Pereira  found  this  gum  to 
be  identical  with  a  specimen  marked  gummi  ru- 
brum  astringens — the  gomme  astringente  de  Gam- 
bie  of  M.  Guibourt.  By  some,  this  gum  has  been 
confounded  with  kino. 
BUTIGO,  Gutta  rosea. 
BUTOMON,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

BUTTER,  from  jSouTupov;  itself  from  ;Sous,  'ox,' 
and  Tvpoi,  'any  thing  coagulated.'  Buty'rum, 
Pice' r ion,  (F.)  Beiirre.  A  sort  of  concrete  oil, 
obtained  from  the  cream  that  forms  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  milk  furnished  by  the  females  of  the 
mammalia,  especially  by  the  cow  and  the  goat. 
Fresh  butter  is  very  nutritious,  whilst  the  rancid 
is  irritating.  The  ancient  chemists  gave  the 
name  Butter  to  many  of  the  metallic  chlorides. 
It  has  also  been  applied  to  vegetable  substances, 
which  resemble,  in  some  respects,  the  butter  ob- 
tained from  milk.  The  essential  fatty  matter  in 
it  is  bu'tyrin  or  bu'iyrate  of  glyc"erin. 

Butter  op  Antimony,  Antimonium  muriatum. 

Butter  of  Bamrouc  or  Bamboc,  (F.)  Beurre 
de  Bambouc  ou  Bambuh.  A  vegetable  oil  ob- 
tained from  a  species  of  almond,  and  used  in 
Senegal  in  neuralgic  and  rheumatismal  pains. 

Butter  of  Ca'cao,  Oil  of  Ca'cao,  Oleum  Ca- 
cao spissa'tum,  0.  Theohro'viai  Cacao  expres' sum, 
(F.)  Beurre  de  Cacao,  Huile  de  Cacao.  A  fjlt 
substance,  of  a  sweet  and  agreeable  taste,  ob- 
tained from  the  Theobroma  cacao  or  chocolate 
nut.  Owing  to  its  firmness  and  fusibility,  it  is 
well  adapted  to  serve  as  the  constituent  of  sup- 
positories. 

Butter  of  Cocoa,  (F.)  Biierre  de  Coco.  A 
fatty,  concrete  substance,  which  separates  from 
the  milk  of  the  cocoa  nut.  It  is  sweet  and 
agreeable. 

Butter  and  Eggs,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus 
— b.  Kokum,  see  Garcinia  purpurea — b.  of  Nut- 
megs, see  Myristica. 

BUTTERBUR,  Tussilago  petasites. 

BUTTERCUPS,  Ranunculus  acris,  and  R. 
bulbosus. 

BUTTERFLY-WEED,  Asclepias  tuberosa. 

BUTTERMILK,  (Prov.)  Chum-milk,  Kern- 
milk.  Whig,  (Sc.)  Bladoch,  Bledoch,  Bladda,  Kirn- 
milk,  SourmiJk,  (F.)  Babeurre,  Lait  de  Beurre. 
The  thin,  sour  milk,  separated  from  the  cream  by 
churning.  It  contains  caseum  and  a  little  butter. 
It  is  a  refreshing  drink  when  newly  made. 

BUTTERTEIETH,  Incisive  teeth. 

BUTTER  WEED,  Erigeron  Canadense. 

BUTTERWORT,  Pinguicola  vulgaris. 

BUTTOCK-HUMP,  Steatopyga, 

BUTTONBUSH,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis. 

BUTTONWOOD  SHRUB,  Cephalanthus  occi- 
dentalis. 

BUTUA,  Pareira  brava. 

BUTYRATE  OF  GLYCERIN,  see  Butter. 

BUTYRIN,  see  Butter. 

BUTYRUM,  Butter  — b.  Amygdalarum  dul- 
eium.  Confection  (almond) — b.  Saturni,  Unguen- 
tum  plumbi  superacetatis  —  b.  Zinci,  Zinei  chlo- 
ridum. 

BUVEUR,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 

BUXTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Bu.v- 
tonien'ses  Aquas.  Buxton  is  a  village  in  Derby- 
shire. The  springs  are  thermal,  and  about  82° 
Fahrenheit.  They  contain  sulphate  of  sodn., 
chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride 
of  magnesium,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid, 
and  azote.  They  are  used  in  cases  in  which 
thermal  springs,  in  general,  are  recommended. 
They  contain  little  or  no  mineral  impregnation. 

BUXUS,  Bu.vus  sempervi'rens.  The  Box-tree, 
(F.)  Buis  ou  Bonis.     The  leaves  are  bitter  and 


BYNE 


149 


CACHECTIC 


aromatic,  and,  as  such,  have  been  used  in  medi- 
cine, in  cases  of  worms,  dyspepsia,  &c.,  in  the 
form  of  decoction.  They  are  sometimes,  also, 
added  to  beer.  The  seed  was  anciently  called 
Oarihe'gon. 

BYNE,  Malt. 

BY'RETHRUM.  A  sort  of  cap  or  Coitvreche/, 
filled  with  cephalic  substances. — Forestus. 

BYRON  ACID  or  SOUR  SPRINGS.  These 
Springs  are  in  the  town  of  Byron,  Genesee  coun- 
ty, New  I'ork.  The  water  is  a  nearly  pure  dilute 
sulphuric  acid.  They  are  powerfully  astringent 
and  tonic. 

BYRSA,  (ivpaa.  A  leather  skin  to  spread 
plasters  upon. 

BYRSODEP'SICON.  A  tan  stuff,  with  which 
Cehus  ^ORELiANns  Sprinkled  wool,  which  he 


applied  in  certain  cases  to  the  umbilical  region  j 
from  ffvpo-a.  '  leather,'  and  ^ei/eu,  '  I  tan.' 

BYRSODEPSICUM  PRINCIPIUM,  Tannia. 

BYSAU'CHEN,  from  (ivui,  'I  stop  up,'  and 
avxvv,  '  the  neck.'  A  morbid  stitfness  of  the 
neck.     One  with  a  short  neck, — Simotrache'lus. 

BY8S0S,  Vulva. 

BYSSUS,  Byssum.  The  ancients  gave  this 
name  to  several  vegetable  substances,  which  were 
used  for  the  fabrication  of  stuffs  prized  for  their 
fineness,  colour,  and  rarity  of  material.  It  is 
now  chiefly  applied  to  the  filaments,  by  the  aid 
of  which  the  acephalous  moUusca  attach  their 
shells  to  the  rocks.  Byssus  was  formerly  &lsj 
applied  to  Vae  female  pudendum. 

BYTHOS,  /3u^of,  '  depth.'  An  epithet  used  by 
Hippocrates  for  the  fundus  of  the  stomach. 


c. 


C.  This  letter  in  the  chemical  alphabet  sig- 
nifies nitre.  It  is  also  sometimes  used  in  pre- 
scriptions for  calx. 

CAA-AP'IA,  Dor-sfe'iua  Brazilien'sis  seu  cnr- 
difo'lia  seu  placentoV des  seu  vitel'la.  Order, 
Urticese.  The  root,  according  to  Piso,  is  employed 
as  emetic  and  anti-diarrhoeic. 

CAA-ATAY'A.  A  plant  of  Brazil,  supposed 
to  be  a  species  of  gratiola.  It  is  very  bitter, 
and  considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  indigenous 
cathartics. 

CAAOICA,  Euphorbia  capitata. 

CAA-GHIYU'YO,  Frvtex  hac'cifer  BrazUien'- 
sis.  A  shrub  of  Brazil,  whose  leaves,  in  powder, 
are  considered  detersive. 

CAAOPIA,  Hypericum  bacciferum. 

CAAPEBA,  Pareira  brava,  Pothomorpha  pel- 
tata  and  P.  urabellata. 

CAAPONGA,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

CAAROBA.  A  Brazilian  tree,  whose  leaves, 
in  decoction,  promote  perspiration.  See  Cera- 
tonia. 

CABAL,  Crib'ala,  Crtbal'la,  Cal'hala,  Caba'lia, 
Kah'ala,  Gahalla.  This  word  is  from  the  He- 
brew, and  signifies  knowledge  transmitted  by 
tradition.  Paracelsus  and  several  authors  of  the 
16th  and  17th  centuries  have  spoken  much  of 
this  species  of  magic,  which  they  distinguished  in- 
to Juda'ic  or  theolo'gian,  and  Hermet'ic  or  medie"- 
innl;  the  latter  being,  according  to  them,  the 
art  of  knowing  the  most  occult  properties  of 
bodies  by  an  immediate  communication  with 
spirits, — the  knowledge  being  thus  acquired  by 
inspiration,  and  incapable  of  inducing  error.  It 
was  also  called  Ara  cabalis' tica  seu  signa'ta,  'ca- 
balistic art.' 

CABAL'HAU.  A  plant  of  Mexico,  according 
to  Dalechamps,  which  passes  for  an  antidote  to 
white  hellebore,  and  yet  is  used  for  poisoning 
arrows.     It  is  unknown  to  botanists. 

CAB'ALIST,  Cabalis'ta.  One  instructed  in 
the  Cabal. 

CABALLATION,  Cynoglossum. 

CABARET,  Asarum. 

CABBAGE,  Brassica — e.  Cow,  Nymphasa  odo- 
rata— e.  Irish,  Dracontium  foetidum  —  c.  Skunk, 
Dracontium  fcetidum  —  c.  Swamp,  Dracontium 
foetidum — c.  Water,  Nymphsea  odorata — c.  Tree, 
GeofFraeainermis — c.  Bark  tree,  Geoffrasa  inermis. 

CABBAGIUM,  Geoffrsea  inermis. 

CABOTZ,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

CABUREIBA,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 


CABUREICIBA,   see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

CACJS'MIA,  Cachce'mia,  from  KUKog,  'bad,' 
and  'ai/ja,  'blood.'  A  faulty  or  morbid  condition 
of  the  blood. 

CAC^STHE'SIS,  Cct.cnasfhe'sis,  OaeotBSthe'- 
sis,  from  koko;,  'bad,'  and  aiadr/atg,  'feeling.' 
Morbid  sensation.  Morbid  general  feeling.  In- 
disposition. 

CACAFERRT,  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

CAC'AGOGUE,  Cacago'giis,  Cac'cagogue,  Cac- 
cago'gus,  from  kukkt],  'excrement,'  and  ayetv,  'to 
expel.'  An  ointment,  composed  of  alum  and 
honey;  which,  when  applied  to  the  anus,  pro- 
duced an  evacuation. — Paulus  of  Jilgina. 

CACALEXITERIA,  Alexiteria. 

C  AC  A' LI  A  ANTEUPHOR'BIUM,  Anteu- 
phor'bium.  Ord.  Compositaj.  A  plant,  which 
Dodoens  and  others  considered  to  be  capable  of 
tempering  the  caustic  properties  of  euphorbium. 
It  is  also  called  Klein'ia. 

Many  varieties  of  the  Cacalia  arc  used,  in  dif- 
ferent countries,  chiefly  as  condiments. 

CA'CAO,  Ca'coa,  Caca'vi,  Quakoil,  Cacava'ta. 
The  cocofi.  or  chocolate  nut ;  fruit  of  Theobro'ma 
Cacao,  Co'coa  Cacavif'era,  Ca'cao  minor  seu 
sati'va,  Cacao  theobro'ma,  (F.)  Cacaoyer  ou  Ca- 
caotier  ordinaire.  Family,  Malvaceae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Polydelphia  Pentandria. 

CACAOTIER  ORDINAIRE,  see  Cacao. 

CACAOYER  ORDINAIRE,  see  Cacao. 

CACATION,  Defecation. 

CACATORIA,  Diarrhoea. 

CAC'ATORY,  Cncato'rivs,  from  cacare,  'to  go 
to  stool.'  Febris  cacato'ria;  a  kind  of  intermit- 
tent fever,  accompanied  by  copious  alvine  evacua- 
tions.— Sylvius. 

CACAYATA,  Cacao. 

CACAVI,  Cacao,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CACCAGOGUE,  Cacagogue. 

CACCE,  Excrement. 

CACCION'DE.  A  sort  of  pill,  chiefly  formed 
of  catechu,  recommended  by  Baglivi  in  dysentery. 

CACEPHEBOTE'SIA,  from  KaKog,  'bad,'  and 
e(j>tfioTin,  '  puberty.'  Morbid  puberty.  Disease 
occurring  at  the  period  of  puberty. 

CACHALOT,  see  Cetaceum.   ' 

CACHANG-PARANG.  A  sort  of  bean  of  Su- 
matra, mentioned  by  Marsden,  whoss  seeds  are 
given  in  pleurisy.  Jussieu  considered  it  to  be  the 
Mimo'sa  scandens. 

CACHECTIC,  Cachec'tes,  Caehec'ticus,  (F.) 
Cachectique,  same  etymon  as  Cachexia.     One  at- 


CACHELCOMA 


150 


CACOSIS 


tacked  with  cachexia.  Belonging  to  cachexia. 
Cachec'tica  remed'ia  are  remedies  against  ca- 
chexia. 

CACHELCOMA.  Helcoeaee. 
CACHEX-LAGUEN,  Chironia  Chilensis. 
CACHET  (F.),  'a  seal.'  A  stamp  or  merlicine 
stamp,  used  by  the  ancient  Romans  for  marking 
their  drugs,  especially  those  prescribed  in  dis- 
eases of  tiie  eyes ;  and  hence  called,  by  soni?, 
oculist  stamps.  Some  of  those  more  lately  dis- 
covered amongst  Roman  antiquities,  hare  been 
described  by  MM.  Sichel  and  Duchalais,  and  by 
Prof.  Simpson,  of  Edinburgh.  j 

CACHEX'IA,  from  kuko;,  'bad,'  and  'tftf, 
'habit.'  Status  cachec'ticus,  Cach'exi/,  Di/sthe'sis, 
(F.)  Cacherrie.  A  condition  in  which  the  body 
is  evidently  depraved.  A  bad  habit  of  body, 
chiefly  the  result  of  scorbutic,  cancerous,  or  ve- 
nereal diseases  when  in  their  last  stage.  Hence 
we  hear  of  a  Scorbutic  Cachexia,  Cancerous  Ca- 
chexia, &c.  Sauvages  and  CuUen  have  included 
under  this  head  a  number  of  diseases — consump- 
tions, dropsies,  &c.  Cachexia  has  been  some- 
times confounded  with  diathesis.  Cachexia  Ic- 
ter'iea  is  jaundice  or  icterus  itself,  or  a  disposition 
thereto.  Fluor  albus  is  sometimes  called  Ca- 
chexia Uteri' na. 

Cachexia  Africa>"A,  Chthonophagia — c.  Gal- 
culosa,  Lithia — c.  Cancerous,  see  Cancer — c. 
Chlorotie,  Chlorosis — c.  Dysthetica,  Dyscrasia. 

Cachexia,  Gaol.  The  deteriorated  organic 
actions  induced  by  confinement  in  prisons,  which 
is  so  often  the  precursor  of  scrofula. 
Cachexia  Icterica,  Icterus. 
Cachexia  Loxdisen'sis.  The  paleness  and 
other  evidences  of  impaired  health  presented  by 
the  inhabitants  of  London.  A  similar  cachexia  is 
seen  in  those  of  other  crowded  cities. 

Cachexia,  Lymphatica  Farcimixosa,  see 
Equinia. 

Cachexia,  Maesh,  (F.)  Cachexie  j^aladeenne, 
ou  palustre.  The  state  of  cachexy  observed  in 
malarious  districts. 

Cachexia,  Saturxixa,  Saturnismus — c.  Scor- 
butic, see  Purpura — c.  Scrophulosa,  Scrofula. 

Cachexia  Sple'xica.  The  state  of  scorbutic 
cachexia,  which  often  accompanies  diseases,  es- 
pecially enlargement  of  the  spleen,  SpjlenaV gia 
Beugalen'sis,  in  India. 

Cachexia  Venerea,  Syphilis — c.  Venous,  Ve- 
nositv — c.  Virginum,  Chlorosis. 

CACHEXIE,  Cachexia— e.  lodee,  see  Iodine 
—  c.  Paludienne,  Cachexia,  marsh  —  c.  Palustre, 
Cachexia,  marsh. 

CACHEXY.  Cachexia. 
CACHIBOU,  see  Bursera  gummifera. 
CACHIXLAGUA,  Chironia  ehilensis. 
CACHINXA'TIO,    from    caehinno,    'I   laugh 
aloud.'     A  tendency  to  immoderate  laughter,  as 
in  some  hysterical  and  maniacal  affections. 

CACHIRI.  A  fermented  liquor  made,  in  Cay- 
enne, from  a  decoction  of  the  rasped  root  of  the 
manioc.     It  resembles  perry. 

CACHLEX.  a  small  stone  or  pebble,  found 
on  the  sea  shore.  One  of  these,  when  heated  in 
the  fire,  and  cooled  in  whey,  communicates  an 
ttstringency  to  the  liquid,  so  that  it  was  anciently 
esteemed  to  be  useful  in  dj'sentery. — Galen. 

CACHOS.     An  oriental  fruit,  apparently  of  a 
Solanum,  which  is  esteemed  lithontriptic. 
CACHOU,  Catechu. 

CACHRYS  LIBAXO'TIS.  An  umbelliferous 
plant  which  grows  in  Africa  and  the  south  of 
Europe.  It  is  aromatic  and  astringent.  Its  seeds 
are  extremely  acrid. 

Cachrts  Maritima,  Crithmum  maritimum. 
CACHUX'DE.     An    Indian    troeh    or   pastile 
composed    of   amber,   mastic,    musk,   cinnan>on, 
aloes,  rhubarb,  galanga,  pearls,  rubies,  emeralds, 


garnets,  &c.     It  is  regarded  by  the  people  ofln- 
dia  as  an  antidote,  stomachic  and  antispasmodic 
CACO,  KaKo,  properly  only  an  abbreviation  of 
KaKOi.     In  composition  it  means  something  de- 
fective; as  in  the  following  words: 
CACO^STHESIS,  Cacsesthesis. 
CACO-ALEXITERIA,  Alexipharmic. 
CACOCHOL'IA,  from  Kaxog,  'bad,'  and  x^^Vt 
'bile.'    Diseases  induced  by  a  depraved  condition 
of  the  bile. 

CAC'OCHROI,  Cae'oehri,  from  kukos,  'bad,' 
and  XP°''!  'colour.'  Diseases  in  which  the  com- 
plexion is  morbidly  changed  in  colour. 

CACOCinrL'IA,  from  koko;,  'bad,' and  ;^uAos, 
'chyle.'     Depraved  chylification. 

CACOCHYM'IA,  Kakoehym'ia,  Corrup'tio 
Humo'rum,  from  kokos,  'bad,'  and  %t)/iOf,  'juice,' 
'humour.'  Cacoch'ijmy.  Depravation  of  the 
humours. 

Cacochyjiia  Plcmbea,  Lead  poisoning  —  c. 
Scorbutica,  see  Purpura  —  c.  Scrophulosa,  Scro- 
fula—  c.  Venerea,  Syphilis. 

CACOCH'YMUS,  Cacochym'icus.  One  attacked 
with  cacochymia.     Belonging  to  cacochymia. 

CACOCXE'MUS,  Cacocne'micus,  JJalis  suria 
pradi'tus;  from  KaKos,  'bad,'  and  Kvrifij),  'the 
leg.'     One  who  has  bad  legs. 

CACOCORE'MA,  from  KaKof,  'bad,'  and  Kopm, 
'  I  purge,  or  cleanse.'  A  medicine  which  purges 
off  the  vitiated  humours. 

CACOD^'MOX,  from  koko;,  'bad,' and  iaifiwv, 
'a  spirit.'  An  evil  spirit,  to  which  were  ascribed 
many  disorders.  The  nightmare. 
j  CACO'DES,  from  jcatoj,  'bad,'  and  o^£iv,  'to 
smell' — inale  olens.  Having  a  bad  smell;  Caco'- 
dia,  Cacos'mia. 

CACODIA,  see  Cacodes. 

CAC0ETH'ES,CaeoefA'j>?/8,  (F.)  Caeoethe,fTnm 
KaKog,  'bad,'  and  tvoj,  'disposition,  habit,'  <S;c. 
Of  a  bad  or  vitiated  character,  as  ulcus  cacoeth'es, 
an  ulcer  of  a  malignant  character. 
CACOETHICUS,  Cacoethes. 
CACOGALAC'TIA,  Cacocjn'lia,  from  /ca«coj, 
'bad,'  and  yaXa,  gen.  yaAaxroj,  'milk.'  A  bad 
condition  of  the  milk. 

CACOGALAC'TICA.  Same  etymon  as  the  last. 
One  who  suffers  from  a  bad  condition  of  the  milk. 
CACOGALIA,  Cacogalactia. 
CACOGEX'ESIS,  (F.)  Cacog^nise,  from  KaKOf, 
'bad,'  and  ytvtrng,  'generation.'     A  morbid  for- 
mation.    A  monstrosity. 

CACOMORPHIA,  Deformation. 
CACOMORPHOSIS,  Deformation. 
CACOPATHI'A,    Pas'sio    Jlala,    from    KnKo?, 
'bad,'  and  Trai-o;,  'affection.'     A  distressed  state 
of  mind. — Hippocrates. 

CACOPHO'XIA,  from  koko;,  'bad,' and  ^wvv, 
'voice,'  vitia'ta  vox.  A  dissonant  condition  of 
voice. 

CACOPLAS'TIC,  Cncoplas'ticus,  Di/sjjlaeynai'- 
ie ;  from  KaKo;,  'bad,'  and  rrAac-o-u,  'I  form.'    Sus- 
ceptible of  only  a  low  degree  of  organization,  as 
the  indurations   resulting  from   low  or  chronic 
<  inflammation,  fibro-cartilage,  cirrhosis,  &c. 

CACOPRA'GIA,  Cacoprax'is,  from  Kaxa;, 
'bad,'  and  TrpaTToi,  'I  perform.'  Depraved  con- 
dition of  the  orsanic  functions. 
CACOPRAXiS,  Cacoprasia. 
CACORRHACHI'TIS,  from  Kaxos,  'bad,'  and 
pax'^'  'the  spine.'  Cacor'rhachis,  Cacor'hachis, 
Cacorhachi'tis,  Spondylal' gia..  Deformity  of  the 
spine.  Disease  of  the  spine.  Spontaneous  luxa- 
tion of  the  vertebrae  and  ribs  dependent  upon 
internal  causes. 

CACORRHYTH'MUS,  ArrhytTi'mus,  from  /ca- 
Kog,  'bad,'  and  pv^/xos,  'rhythm,'  'order.'  Irre- 
gular. 

CACO'SIS.     Mala   disposit"io,    (F.)  Vice.     A 


CACOSITIA 


151 


C^CUM 


bad  condition  of  body. — Hippocrates.   A  diseased 
condition  in  general. 

CACOSIT'IA,  from  /caico?,  'bad,'  and  airiov, 
'aliment.'  Disgust  or  aversion  for  food  —  Fas- 
tid'iura  ciho'i'um, 

CACOSMIA,  see  Cacodes. 

CACOSOMI'UM,  from  Kaico;,  'bad,'  and  cwixa, 
'the  body.'  An  hospital  for  leprosy,  and  incura- 
ble affections  in  general. 

CACOSPERMA'SIA,  Cacosperma'tia,  Cacos- 
per'mia,  irom  kukos,  'bad,'  and  o-Trtp/ja,  'sperm.' 
A  bad  condition  of  the  sperm. 

CACOSPHYX'IA,  from  xaxof,  'bad,'  and 
o-^uft;,  'pulse.' — Vitio'sHs  2)ul'sns.  Bad  state  of 
pulse. — Galen. 

CACOSPLANCH'NIA,  from  Kaxos,  'bad,'  and 
o-irXay;^;i'ov,  'a  viscus.'  Indigestion.  The  ema- 
ciation dependent  upon  imperfect  digestion.  — 
Siebenhaar. 

CACOSTOM'ACHUS,  from  >caKo^,  'bad,'  and 
uTOfi.axo';,  '  the  stomach.'  What  disagrees  with 
the  stomach.     Indigestible. — Gorraus. 

CACOSTOMATOSPHRESIA,  Breath,  offen- 
sive. 

CACOS'TOMUS,  from  KaKog,  'bad,'  and  arofia, 
'a  mouth.'  Having  a  bad  mouth,  or  a  bad 
breath. 

CACOTHANASIA,  see  Euthanasia. 
CACOTHYM'IA,  VU.'ium  Aii'im!,  from  naKog, 
'  bad '  and  Sviios,  '  mind,'  '  disposition.'     A  vicious 
state  of  mind. — Linden. 

CACOTRIBULUS,  Centauroa  calcitrapa. 
CACOTRICH'IA,  from  kuko;,  'bad/  and  Sptf, 
rpixoi,  'hair.'     Disease  of  the  hair. 

CACOTROPH'IA,  from  Ka<os,  'bad,'  and  rpo,pn, 
'nutrition.' — Vitio'sa  nutril"io ; — disordered  nu- 
trition.— Galen. 

OAOOU,  Cngot,  Catechu. 

CACOU'CIA  COCCIN'EA,  Couain'en,  Coc- 
ciii'ea,  SckousbcB'a  coccin'ea,  Tikimma.  A  peren- 
nial twining  shrub  of  South  America,  the  plant 
of  which,  as  well  as  the  fruit,  is  possessed  of 
emeto-cathfirtie  properties. 
GACTIER,  Cactus  opuntia. 
CACTUS,  Cynara. 

CACTUS  OPUN'TIA,  Opun'tia,  0.  vidga'ris. 
The  Indian  Fig,  (F.)  Cactier,  Roqnette,  Figuier 
d'lnde.  Ord.  Cactaceaj.  This  plant  grows  in 
Bouth  America,  Spain,  Italy,  &c.  Its  fruit,  which 
has  the  shape  of  the  fig,  is  of  a  sweetish  taste, 
and  colours  the  urine  red  when  eaten.  Its  leaves 
are  considered  refrigerant. 

The  fruits  of  different  species  of  cactus  are 
called  Tunas. 

CADA'BA,  Stroe'mia.  A  genus  of  the  family 
Gapparidem,  natives  of  India  and  Arabia.  The 
young  shoots  of  the  Cada'ba  farino'sa  are  consi- 
dered to  be  an  antidote  against  venomous  bites. 

CADA'VER,  Ptoma,  Necron.  A  dead  body, 
corse,  corpse,  (Sc.)  Corp;  a  subject;  a  carcass, 
(F.)  Gddavre.  The  word  has  been  supposed  to 
come  from  cado,  '  I  fall ;'  and  by  some  to  be  a 
contraction  from  caro  data  vermibus,  'flesh  given 
to  the  worms.'  [?] 

CADAVERIC,  Cadaverous. 

CADAVEROUS,  Cadav'eric,  Gadavero'sus, 
Necro'des,  (F.)  Gadavereux,  Gadaverique.  Be- 
longing to  the  dead  body  ;  as  cadaverous  smell. 
The  Gudmj'erous  or  Hippoevat'ic  face,  (see  Face), 
is  an  unfavourable  sign  in  disease,  and  generally 
denotes  a  fatal  termination. 

Cadav'erogs  or  Cadav'eric  HypERiE'iiiA. 
The  hypostatic  hyperfemia  observed  in  depend- 
ing parts  of  the  dead  body. 

CADDY  INSECT,  see  Ectozoa. 
OADE,  Juniperus  oxycedrus. 
CADE.JI-INDI,  Malabathrum. 
CADEL-AVANACU.  Croton  tiglium. 
CADIA.     An    Egyptian,    leguminous    plant. 


The  Arabs  attribute  to  its  fresh  leaves  the  power 
of  relieving  colic. 

CADIVA  IXSANIA,  Epilepsy. 

CADMIA,  Calamina,  Tutia. 

CADMI'I  SULPHAS,  Cadmi'mn  snlpTin'ricnm, 
Sulphas  Cadmi'cus,  3Ieli'iii  Sulphas,  Klapro'thii 
Sulphas,  Klapro'lhium  SiJphu'ricum,  Melinuni, 
Sulphu' ric%im,  Sulp>hate  of  Gad' mium.  Used  in 
spots  on  the  cornea,  and  in  chronic  torpid  in- 
flammation of  the  conjunctiva,  in  the  quantity 
of  half  a  grain  to  a  grain  to  the  ounce  of  water. 
It  does  not  differ  materially  in  its  properties  from 
sulphate  of  zinc.  The  nitrate,  in  the  dose  of  fth 
of  a  grain,  induces  vomiting  and  purging. 

CADMIUIVI  SULPHUP.ICUM,  Cadmii  Sul- 
phas. 

GADRE  DU  TYMPAN,  Tympanal.  The 
portion  of  the  temporal  bone  which  supports  the 
membrana  tympani. 

CADTCHU,  Catechu. 

CADUCA  HUNTERI,  Decidua  — c.  Passio, 
Epilepsy. 

CADU'CITY,  Imbecil'lifas,  Debll'itas,  Gadu'- 
citas,  from  cadere,  'to  fall.'  The  French  use  the 
word  Gadiicite  for  the  portion  of  human  life  which 
is  comprised  generally  between  70  and  80  years. 
The  age  which  precedes  decrepitude.  It  i.s  so 
termed  in  consequence  of  the  limbs  not  usually 
possessing  sufficient  strength  to  support  the  body. 
The  precise  age  must  of  course  vary  in  indivi- 
duals. 

GADUQUE,  Decidua  membrana — c.  Reflechie, 
see  Decidua  membrana — c.  Uterine,  Decidua — c. 
Vraie,  Decidua  membrana. 

CADURCUS,  Vulva. 

CADUS,  Ka&oi;.  A  Greek  measure  equal  to  ten 
gallons  English. — Pliny.     Amphora. 

CiECA  FOBAM'INA  (ANTERIUS  ET  POS- 
TERIUS)  are  situate  at  the  fore  and  back  parts 
of  the  tuber  annulare  of  the  brain,  and  at  the 
extremities  of  the  depression  made  by  the  verte- 
bral artery.  The  former  is  placed  between  the 
nerves  of  the  third,  and  the  latter  between  those 
of  the  sixth  pair. 

C^.C^  HiEMORRHOi'DES,  Blind  Piles, 
(F.)  Hemorrhoides  aveugles,  are  those  unaccom- 
panied by  any  discharge. 

CiECAL,  GcBca'lis.  Belonging  to  the  Caseum, 
from  ccBcus,  'blind,  hidden.'  The  GcBcal  arteries 
and  veins  are  the  branches  of  the  Arteries  et  vence 
coliccB  dextrcB  inferiores,  distributed  to  the  cpscum. 
The  GcBcal  or  blind  extremity  of  a  duct  is  its 
closed  termination.     See  Caecus. 

CiECATRIX,  Cicatrix. 

C^'CITAS,  GcB'citas,  Cmcitu'do,  Ablep'sia, 
Obcceca'tio,  Ocemca'tio,  Anap'sia,  Ty'jihlotes, 
Typhlo'sis,  Ce'city,  Blindness,  (F.)  Aveuylement, 
Geeite,  Perte  de  la  vue.  Cseeitas  may  be  depend- 
ent upon  many  different  diseases — as  upon  amau- 
rosis, specks,  hypopyon,  cataract,  glaucoma,  oph- 
thalmia, atrophy  of  the  eye,  &c. 

C^ciTAS     Crepuscularis,    Hemeralopia — e. 
Diurna,  Nyctalopia  —  c.  Nocturna,  Hemeralopia. 
GjEGITE.  Typhlo-enteritis. 

CiECITUDO,  Cfficitas. 

GJECVM,  Gcecum,  Intesti'nnm  ccBciim,  3'Ionom'- 
aehon,  llonom'acum,  Monoco'lon,  3Ionorn'lin>i, 
Typhlo'teron  monoco'lon,  Typhlot'erum,  Typhlo- 
en'terum,  Init"ium  ■intesti'ni  crassi,  Saccus  Iiites- 
tini  crassi  seu  Goli,  GcBCum  Gaput  coli,  Gnput  m/i. 
Prima  cella  coli,  Init"ium  extii'berans  coli,  from 
CCBCUS,  'blind.'  The  Blind  Gut,  so  called  from 
its  being  open  at  one  end  only.  That  por- 
tion of  the  intestinal  canal  which  is  seated  be- 
tween the  termination  of  the  ileum  and  com- 
mencement of  the  colon ;  and  which  fills,  almost 
wholly,  the  right  iliac  fossa;  where  the  perito- 
neum retains  it  immovably.  Its  length  is  about 
three  or  four  fingers'   breadth.     The  Ileo-cmcal 


C.ECUS 


15; 


CALADIUM   ESCULENTUM 


vahe  or  Valce  of  Bauhin  shuts  oif  all  communi- 
cation between  it  and  the  ileum  :  and  the  Appen- 
dix vermiformis  ccBci  is  attached  to  it. 

CiECUii  Fora'men  of  the  frontal  hone  is  a  small 
cavity  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  internal 
coronal  crest  or  crista.  — Fronto-ethmoidal  fora- 
men, (F.)  Trou  avevgle  ou  borgne.  Morgagni  has 
given  the  same  name  to  the  small  cavity  in  the 
middle  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  tongue,  near 
its  base ;  the  sides  of  which  are  furnished  with 
mucous  follicles — Lacunes  de  la  langue — (Ch.) 

C.ECujr,  Phlegmonous  Tumour  of  the,  Ty- 
phlo-enteritis. 

CiECUS.  'Blind.'  One  deprived  of  sight, 
TypMops,  (F.)  Aveugle,  Borgne.  In  anatomy,  it 
is  used  to  designate  certain  holes  or  cavities, 
which  end  in  a  cul-de-sac;  or  have  only  one 
opening.     See  Caecal. 

Bihid  Ducts  of  the  Ure'thra,  (F.)  Conduits 
aveugles  de  I'urethre,  are  the  Mucous  Lacu'na 
of  the  Ure'thra. 

C^LA-DOLO,  Torenia  Asiatica. 

C^MENTUM,  Lute. 

CiERULEUM  BEROLINENSE,  Prussian 
blue — c.  Borussicum,  Prussian  blue. 

C^RULOSIS  NEONATORUM,  Cyanopathy. 

CiESALPI'NIA,  C  sappan,  Sappan  or  Samp- 
fen  wood,  (F.)  Bresillet,  Bois  de  S^^ippcui.  Ord. 
Leguminosae.  Called  after  C»salpinus.  A  small 
Siamese  tree,  the  wood  of  which  is  used  in  de- 
coction, in  cases  of  contusion. 

Brazil  wood,  Pernamhnco  or  Fernambuco  wood, 
formerly  used  as  an  astringent,  is  the  wood  of 
C.ksalpin'ia  Echina'ta.  This  is  the  proper 
Brazil  wood  ;  but  another  variety  in  commerce  is 
the  Brasiletto  from  Cwsalpinia  Brasiliensis  and 
C.  crista,  which  grow  in  the  West  Indies. 

The  Nicaragua  or  Peach-icood  is  analogous  to 
this,  and  is  said  to  be  derived  from  a  species  of 
Cgesalpinia. 

The  kernel  of  C^salpix'ia  Boxducell'a,  the 
seed  of  which  is  called  in  India  Kutkuleja  and 
Ktitoo  Kurunja,  is  given  as  a  febrifuge  tonic. 
Dose,  ten  erains. 

C^SA'REAN  section,  C<Bsa'rean  opera'- 
tion,  Tomotoc'ia,  Ca-.sa'vea  sectio.  Partus  ccesa'- 
reus,  Opera'tio  ccBsa'rea,  Metrotorii'4a,  (F.)  Ope- 
ration Cesarienne,  from  ccedere,  cmsum,  '  to 
cut.'  An  incision  made  through  the  parietes 
of  the  abdomen  and  uterus  to  extract  the 
foetus.  In  this  manner,  Julius  Cassar  is  said 
to  have  been  extracted. —  Pliny.  It  is  also 
called  Hysterotom'ia,  Hysterotomotoc'ia,  Gastro- 
metrotom'ia,  Gusterhysterot'omy,  Gastrometrot'  - 
ome,  Gastroh y sterol' omy .  An  incision  has  been 
made  into  the  uterus  through  the  vagina,  consti- 
tuting the  Vaginal  CcBsurean  Section,  Gastro- 
elytrotom'ia,  Gastrelytrotom'ia,  Gastrocolpotom'ia, 
Laparacolpotom'ia,  Laparoelytrotom' i a,  (F.)  Ope- 
ration cesarienne  vaginale.  The  Ccesarean  sec- 
tion may  be  required  when  the  mother  dies 
before  delivery ;  when  there  is  some  invincible 
obstacle  to  delivery  from  the  faulty  conformation 
of  the  pelvis ;  or  when  the  child  has  passed  into 
the  abdominal  cavity  in  consequence  of  rupture 
of  the  uterus. 

CiESARIES,  Capillus,  Scalp. 

C^SIUS,  Glaucoma. 

CiE'SOXES,  Cce'sares.  Children  brought  into 
the  world  by  the  Cfesarean  operation. 

CiESU'LI^'E.     They  who  have  gray  eyes. 

C^SURA,  Cut. 

C^TCHU,  Catechu. 

CAF,  Camphor. 

CAFAL,  Agrimony. 

CAFAR,  Camphor. 

CAFE,  Coffea. 

CAFF  1  LA  SULTANE.     This  name   has 


been  given  to  an  infusion  or  decoction  of  the  ground 
coques  or  pericarps  which  surround  the  coffee. 

CAFE  CITRIN.  The  aqueous  infusion  of  un- 
roasted  coffee,  so  called  on  account  of  its  yellow- 
ish tint. 

CAFEIN,  see  Coffea  Arabica. 

CAFEIER  and  CAFEYER,  Coffea  Arabica. 
CAFFA,  Camphor. 
CAFFEIN,  see  Coffea  Arabica. 

CAFIER,  Coffea  Arabica. 

CAFUR,  Camphor. 

CAGAS'TRUM.  The  principal  or  germ  of  dis- 
eases which  are  communicable. — Paracelsus. 

CAGNEUX,  Cagot.     See  Kyllosis. 

CAGOSANGA,  Ipecacuanha. 

CAGOTS{¥.).  A  name  given  to  deformed  and 
miserable  beings,  met  with  in  the  Pyrenees,  Bern, 
and  Upper  Gascony,  in  France,  where  they  are  also 
called  Capots.  In  other  districts  they  are  called 
Gezits,  Gezitains,  Cretins,  Gahets,  Capons,  Coli- 
berts,  Cacous,  Cagneux,  &c.  See  Cretin.  The  word 
Cagot  is  supposed  to  be  an  abbreviatiou  of  Cania 
Go'thus,  '  Dog  of  a  Goth.' 

CAGUE-SANGUE,  Caqnesangue. 

CAHINC.E  RADIX,  Caincas  radix. 

CAI'EPUT  OIL,  Cafeput  oil,  Kyaput'ty,  Ca- 
jnpu'ti  O'leum.  The  volatile  oil  of  the  leaves  of 
3Ielaleu'ca  Cajupu'ti,  Ord.  Myrtacese,  a  native 
of  the  Moluccas.  The  oil  has  a  strong,  fragrant 
smell,  like  camphor;  taste  pungent  and  aromatic. 
It  is  stimulant,  and  useful  where  the  essential  oils 
in  general  are  employed.  It  has  also  been  called 
Oil  of  Witneben,  from  the  person  who  first  dis- 
tilled it; 

CAIK,  Pleurodynia. 

CAIL-CEDRA,  Swietenia  Senegalensis. 

CAILLE,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

CAILLE,  see  Curd. 

CAILLE AU,  Lantana. 

CAILLEBOTTE,  see  Curd. 

CA[LLE-LAIT,  Rennet  — c.  Blanc,  Galium 
moUugo — c.  Vraie,  Galium  verum. 

CAILLETTE,  Abomasus. 

CATLLOT,  Coagulum. 

CAINANiE  RADIX,  Caincse  radix. 

C  A  I  N'C  M  RADIX,  Radix.  Chiococ'ccB,  R. 
Caina'ncB  seu  CaninancB  seu  Cahinca  seu  Ka- 
hincm  seu  Serpenta'ricB  Brazilien'sis,  Cainca  Root. 
The  bark  of  the  roots  of  Chiococe'a  anguif'vga 
seu  densifo'lia,  and,  perhaps,  Ch.  raecmo'sa,  a 
plant  of  the  Order  Rubiaceee.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia,  of  Linnaeus.  It  is  bitter, 
tonic,  and  diuretic,  but  has  not  been  long  intro- 
duced.    Dose  of  the  powder,  from  Qj  to  ^i^^- 

Dr.  John  H.  Griscom,  of  New  York,  considers 
there  is  a  remarkable  analogy  between  the  Cain- 
ca and  the  Apocynum  cannahinum. 

CAINITO.  Chrysophyllum  Cainito. 

CAIPA  SCHORA.  A  cucurbitaceous  Malabar 
plant,  the  fruit  of  which  has  a  pyriform  shape. 
The  juice  is  drunk  in  that  country  for  the  pur- 
pose of  arresting  hiccough.  The  fruit,  when  un- 
ripe, is  emetic. 

CAISSE,  Case — c.  du  Tambour,  Tympanum — 
c.  du  Tympan,  see  Tympanum 

CAITCHU,  Catechu. 

CAJAN,  Phaseolus  ereticus 

CAJUPUTI,  Caieput. 

CAKES,  WORM,  STORY'S.  These  were  com- 
posed oi  calomel  a.nd  jalap,  made  into  cakes,  and 
coloured  with  cinnabar. 

CALABASH-TREE,  NARROW-LEAVED, 
Crescentia  Cujete. 

CALADIUM  ESCULENTUM,  Arum  esculen- 
tum. 

Cala'dtum  Segui'num,  Nat.  Ord.  Araeeae.  A 
plant  of  India,  whose  acrid  juice  has  been  given 


CALAF 


153 


CALCENOS 


there  in  gout  and  rheumatism,  and  as  an  anaphro- 
disiac  to  women.  The  tincture  has  been  prescribed 
in  pruritus  vulvae. 

CALAF,  Salix  ^gyptiaea.  A  large-leaved 
Egyptian  willow,  called,  also.  Ban.  The  dis- 
tilled water  of  the  flowers,  called  Ilacahalef, 
passes,  in  that  country,  for  an  excellent  ant- 
aphrodisiac.  It  is  also  used  as  an  antiloimic, 
antiseptic,  and  cordial. 

CALAGUALA,  see  Calagualae  radix. 

CALAGERI,  Vernonia  anthelraintica. 

CALAGIRAH,  Vernonia  anthelraintica. 

OALAGUA'LiE  RADIX,  Calngae'la:  Radix. 
The  root  of  Polypo'dium  Calagua'lu  seu  adianti- 
for'me  seu  coria'ceum  seu  ammifo'liiim  seu  ar- 
yen'teiim  seu  pol'Hum,  Aspid'inm  coria'ceum  seu 
ferriigiii'eum  seu  dis'color,  Tecta'ria  calahuala 
sea  ferrugin'ea,  Calaguala,  Calahuala.  Order, 
Felices.  It  has  been  exhibited  in  Italy  in  dropsy, 
pleurisy,  contusions,  abscesses,  &c.  Its  proper- 
ties are  not,  however,  clear. 

CALAHUALA.  see  Calagualse  radix. 

CALAMANDRINA,  Teucrium  chamsedrys. 

CALAMBAC,  Agallochum. 

CALAMBOUK,  Agallochum. 

CALAME'DON,  from  KaUfAog,  'a  reed.'  This 
word  has  had  various  significations.  Some  have 
used  it  for  an  oblique  fracture  of  a  bone;  the 
fractured  portions  having  the  shape  of  the  nib 
of  a  pen.  Others  have  used  it  for  a  longitudinal 
fracture ;  and  others,  again,  for  one  that  is  com- 
minuted. 

CALA2rENT,  Melissa  calamintha. 

CALAMI'JSTA,  Cal'amiiie,  from  calamus,  'a, 
reed,'  so  called  from  its  reed-like  appearance. 
Cadmi'a,  0.  lapido'sa  aero'sa  seu  fos'silis,  Lapis 
Aero'sus,  Lapis  Calamiita'ris,  Calamina'ris,  Oa.r'- 
bonas  Ziiici  impu'rus,  Cathmir,  (F.)  Pierre  cala- 
minaire.  Native  impure  carbonate  of  zinc.  Cala- 
mine is  chiefly  used  for  pharmaceutical  purposes 
in  the  form  of  the  Calamina  pr^para'ta  (Pb. 
U.  S.),  Lapis  Calamina'ris  prcepara'tus,  Gar'ho- 
nas  zinci  impu'rus  jircBpara'tus,  Zinci  car'bonas 
prcBpara'tns,  Prepared  Calamine  : — Calamine  re- 
duced to  an  impalpable  powder  by  roasting  and 
levigation.  In  this  state  it  is  sprinkled  or 
dusted  on  excoriated  parts,  or  to  prevent  exco- 
riation, (fee. 

CALAMINARIS,  Calamina. 

CALAMINT,  Melissa  Calamintha— c.  Field, 
Melissa  nepeta — c.  Mountain,  Melissa  grandiflora 
— e.  Spotted,  Melissa  nepeta. 

CALAMINTA  HUMILIOR,  Glecoma  hede- 
racea. 

CALAMINTHA,  Melissa  C  — c.  Anglica,  Me- 
lissa nepeta — c.  Erecta  Virginiana,  Cunila  Mari- 
ana—  c.  Hederacea,  Glechoma  hederacea  — c. 
Magno  flore,  Melissa  grandiflora  —  c.  Montana, 
Melissa  grandiflora — c.  Nepeta,  Melissa  nepeta — 
c.  Parviflora,  Melissa  nepeta  —  c.  Pulegii  odore, 
Melissa  nepeta— e.  Triehotoma,  Melissa  nepeta. 

CAL'AMUS,  KoKafjLos,  'the  reed.'  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  U.  S.,  the  rhizoma  of  acorus 
calamus. 

Calamus  Alexandri'nus.  Celsus  has  thus 
called  a  medicine,  which  was  long  confounded 
with  Calamus  Aromaticus.  It  is  not  a  root, 
however,  but  the  stalk  of  a  plant  of  India  and 
Egypt,  probably  the  Andropio'gon  Nardus.  It 
entered  into  the  theriaca,  and  has  been  regarded 
as  antihysteric  and  emmenagogue; —  Calamus 
aromaticus  verus. 

Calamus  Aromaticus,  Acorus  calamus  —  c. 
Aromaticus  verus,  Calamus  Alexandrinus  —  e. 
Draco,  C.  rotang — c.  Indicus,  see  Saccharum — c. 
Odoratus,  Acorus  calamus.  Juncus  odoratus. 

CALAsrus  PbOTANG,  C.  Draco.  Order,  Palmse. 
The  systematic  name  of  a  plant,  whence  Dragon's 
Blood,  Sanguis  Draco' nis,  Cinnab'aris  GrcBco'runi, 


DraeonthcE'ma,  (F.)  Sang-Dragon,  is  procured.  It 
is  the  red,  resinous  juice,  obtained,  in  India,  from 
wounding  the  bark  of  the  Calamus  Rotang.  It  hag 
been  used  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhages,  &c. ; 
but  is  now  rarely  employed. 

Calamus  ^ crivt o' b.\\: s.  Ana g'lyplie,  'a  writing 
pen,'  (F.)  Fossette  angulaire  da  quatrieme  ven-. 
tricule.  A  small,  angular  cavity,  situate  at  the 
superior  extremity  of  the  medulla,  in  the  fourth 
ventricle  of  the  brain,  which  has  been,  by  some, 
supposed  to  resemble  a  pen. 

Calamus  Vulgaris,  Acorus  calamus. 

CALAPPITE.  Rumphius  has  given  this  name 
to  calculous  concretions,  found  in  the  interior  of 
certain  cocoa-nuts.  The  cocoa-tree  itself  the  Ma- 
lays call  Calap]ja.  These  stones  are,  likewise, 
termed  Vegetable  Bezoards.  The  Malays  attri- 
bute potent  virtues  to  them,  and  wear  them  as 
amulets. 

CALASAYA,  Cinehonse  cordifoliee  cortex. 

CALBALA,  Cabal. 

CALBIA'NUM.  The  name  of  a  plaster  in 
Myrepsus,  the  composition  of  which  we  know 
not. 

CALCADINUM,  Ferri  sulphas. 

CALCATRE,  Calcareous. 

CALCA'NEAL,  Calca'nens,  from  calx,  'the 
heel.'  Having  relation  to  the  calcaneum,  as 
'  calcaneal  arteries.' 

CALCANEO-PHALANGIEN  DU  PETIT 
ORTEIL,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis  —  c. 
Phalanginien  cowiwfo),  Extensor  brevis  digitorum 
pedis- — ■  c.  Sous-phalangettien  eommun,  Flexor 
brevis  digitorum  pedis — c.  Sous-Phalanginien 
comnutn.  Flexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis — c.  Sous- 
j)lialangien  du  j^etit  orteil,  see  Abductor  minimi 
digiti  pedis  —  c.  Sus-jjJialangettien  commim.  Ex- 
tensor brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

CALCA'NEUM,  from  calx,  'the  heel.'  Calca- 
neus, Calcar,  Cal'cia,  Ichnus,  Os  Calcis,  Pterna, 
Pter'nium.  The  largest  of  the  tarsal  bones  :  that 
which  forms  the  heel.  It  is  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior and  inferior  part  of  the  foot ;  is  articulated 
above  and  a  little  anteriorly  with  the  astragalus; 
anteriorly,  also,  with  the  os  cuboides.  Its  poste- 
rior surface — called  Heel,  Talus,  Calx,  (F.)  Ta- 
lon—  gives  attachment  to  the  tendo-achillis  :  tho 
lower  has,  posteriorly,  two  tuberosities,  to  which 
the  superficial  muscles  of  the  sole  of  the  foot  are 
attached.  The  small  Ap)op)h' y sis  orlateral  Apoph- 
ysis of  the  Calca' newni,  (F.)  Petit  Apopliyse  ou 
Apophyse  laterale  du  Calcaneum,  is  a  projection 
at  tbe  upper  surface  of  this  bone,  on  which  is 
formed  the  posterior  portion  of  the  cavity  that 
receives  the  astragalus.  The  great  Apoph'ysis, 
anterior  Apoph'ysis  of  the  Calca'neum,  is  the 
projection  which  corresponds,  on  one  side,  with 
the  cuboides;  and  on  the  other  forms  the  ante- 
rior part  of  the  facette  which  receives  the  astra- 
galus. 

CALCAR,  Calcaneum,  Ergot — c.  Avis,  Hippo- 
campus minor. 

CALCA'REOUS,  Calca'reus,  Calca'rius,  from 
calx,  'lime.'  (F.)  Calcaire.  Containing  lime  :— 
as  calcareous  concretions,  C.  dej^ositions,  &o. 

CALCAREUS  CARBONAS,  Creta. 

CALCARIA  CHLORATA,  Calcis  chloridum— 
c.  Chlorica,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Phosphorica, 
see  Cornu  cervi — c.  Pura,  Calx — c.  Pura  liquida, 
Liquor  calcis. 

CALCARIA  CHLORUM,  Calcis  chloridum. 

CALCATAR,  Ferri  sulphas. 

CALCATREPPOLA,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CALCE'NA,   CALCE'NON,  CALCENO'NIA, 
CALCINO'NIA..    Words  employed  by  Paracel- 
sus to  designate  the  concretions  of  tartrate  of  lime 
which  form  in  the  human  body. 
CALCENOS,  Calcetus. 


CALCEOLARIA 


154 


CALCULI 


CALCEOLA'RIA,  from  caleeolus,  'a.  small 
slipper  ;'   Stipperwort. 

Calceola'eia  Primata  is  used  in  Peru  as  a 
laxative. 

Calceola'eia  Trif'ida  is  esteemed  to  be  febri- 
fuge. 

CALCE'TUS,  Caleeno'nitts,  Calce'nos.  That 
•which  abounds  in  tartrate  of  lime.  An  adjective 
used  by  Paracelsus  in  speaking  of  the  blood; 
Sanguis  calce'tus.  Hence  came  the  expression, 
Cal'cined  Mood,  Snng  calcine. 

CALCPJUM  EQUINUM,  Tussilago. 

CALCHOIDEA  (OS),  Cuneiform  bone. 

CALCIA.  Calcaneum. 

CALCIFEROUS  CANALS,  Canaliculi  calci- 
feri. 

CALCIFICATIOlSr,  see  Cretefaction. 

CALCIGEROUS  CELL,  see  Tooth. 

CALCIG'RADUS,  Ptemob'ates,  from  calx, 
'the  heel,'  and  gradus,  'a  step.'  One  who  walks 
on  his  heels. 

CALCII  CHLORIDUM.  Calcis  murias  —  c. 
Chloruretum,  Calcis  murias — c.  Oxychloruretum, 
Calcis  ehloridum  —  c.  Oxydum,  Calx  viva — c. 
Protochloruretum,  Calcis  ehloridum — c.  Sulphu- 
retum,  Calcis  sulphuretum. 

CALCINA'TION,  Calcina'tio,  CalcVnon,  Con- 
crema'tio,  from  calx,  'lime.'  The  act  of  submit- 
ting to  a  strong  heat  any  infusible  mineral  sub- 
stance, which  we  are  desirous  of  depriving  either 
of  its  water,  or  of  any  other  volatilizable  sub- 
stance that  enters  into  its  composition  ;  or  which 
■we  wish  to  combine  with  oxygen.  Alum  is  cal- 
cined to  get  rid  of  its  water  of  crystallization  ; — 
chalk,  to  reduce  it  to  the  state  of  pure  lime,  by 
driving  off  the  carbonic  acid  ;  Ami.  certain  metals 
are  subjected  to  this  operation  to  oxidize  them. 

CALCINATUM  MAJUS  POTERII,  Hydrar- 
gyrum prfficipitatum. 

CALCINONIA,  Calcena. 

CALCIS  BICHLORURETUM,  Calcis  ehlori- 
dum—  c.  Carbonas,  Creta  —  c.  Carbonas  durus, 
Greta,  Marmor — c.  Carbonas  friabilis,  Creta. 

Caicis  Car'bonas  Pr^cipita'tus,  Precip'- 
itated  Car'bonate  of  Lime,  Precipitated  Chalk. 
This  preparation,  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  is  pre- 
pared as  follows:  Liq.  Caleii  Chlorid.  Ovss;  SodcB 
6'ar/j';)ir/^  tbvj  ;  Aqum  destillat.  q.  s.  Dissolve  the 
carbonate  of  soda  in  six  parts  of  distilled  water; 
heat  this  and  the  solution  of  chloride  of  calcium, 
separately,  to  the  boiling  point,  and  mix.  Wash 
the  precipitate  repeatedly  with  distilled  water, 
and  dry  on  bibulous  paper.  It  has  the  same  pro- 
perties as  creta  praeparata,  and  is  preferred  to  it 
in  certain  cases, — for  example,  as  an  ingredient  in 
tooth  powders,  owing  to  its  freedom  from  gritty 
particles. 

Calcis  Chlc'ridum,  Chlo'ride  or  Chlo'ruret  or 
Hypochlo'rite  or  Chlorite  or  Oxymu'riateof  Lime, 
Calx  chlorina'ta  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Oxymuriat' ica, 
Protoxichlor' uret  of  Calcium,  Calea'ria  chlora'ta 
seu  Chlorica,  Chloru^n  seu  Chloretum  Calca'rim, 
Oxychlorure'tum  seu  Protochlorure'tum  Caleii, 
Ghlorure'tum  Oxidi  Caleii,  Bichlorure' turn  seu 
Oxymu'rias  Calcis,  Calcis  Hypochlo' ris.  Bleach- 
ing or  Tennant's  Powder,  (F.)  Protoxichlorure 
de  Calcium,  Chlorure  d' Oxide  de  Calcium, 
Chlorure  ou  Oxichlorure  ou  Bichlorure  ou  Oxi- 
muriate  ou  Muriate  suroxigene  ou  oxigh>&  de 
Chaux,  Poudre  de  Blanchement,  P.  de  Tennant. 
A  compound  resulting  from  the  action  of  chlorine 
on  hydrate  of  lime.  Chloride  of  lime  is  a  most 
valuable  disinfecting  agent,  (see  Disinfection,) 
when  dissolved  in  the  proportion  of  one  pound  to 
SIX  gallons  of  water.  It  has  likewise  been  em- 
ployed both  internally  and  externally  in  various 
diseases,  as  in  scrofula,  foetor  oris,  foul  ulcers. 


Calcis  Hepae,  Calcis  sulphuretum  —  c.  Hy- 
dras, see  Calx — c.  Hypoehloris,  Calcis  ehloridum. 

Calcis  Mv'bias,  Muriate  of  Lime,  Calx  sali'ta, 
Caleii  Chlorure'tum  seu  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride  of 
calcium,  (F.)  Chlorure  de  calcium.  Muriate  ou 
Hydrochlorate  de  Chaux.  This  salt  has  been 
given,  in  solution,  as  a  tonic,  stimulant,  &c.,  in 
scrofulous  tumours,  glandular  obstructions,  gene- 
ral debility,  <fec.  A  Solu'tio  3Iuria'tis  Calcis, 
Liquor  Calcis  Muria'tis,  Solution  of  Muriate  of 
Lime,  Liquid  Shell,  may  be  formed  of  Min-iafe 
of  Lime,  ^}  ;  dissolved  in  distilled  water,  f^iij. 
The  Liquor  Cal'cii  Chlo'riki  or  Solution  of  Chlo- 
ride of  Calcium,  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  is  prepared  as  follows  :• — Blarhle, 
in  fragments,  "^xx.  Muriatic  acid,  Oj  ;  Distilled 
water,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Mix  the  acid  vi-ith 
a  half  pint  of  the  water,  and  gradually  add  the 
marble.  Towards  the  close  of  the  effervescence 
apply  a  gentle  heat,  and,  when  the  action  has 
ceased,  pour  off  the  clear  liquor  and  evaporate  to 
drj'ness.  Dissolve  the  residuum  in  its  weight  and 
a  half  of  distilled  water,  and  filter.  Dose,  from 
gtt.  XXX  to  f  ^j,  in  a  cupful  of  water. 

Calcis  Oxymurias,  Calcis  ehloridum  —  c. 
Phosphas,  see  Cornu  cervi  —  e.  Phosphas  praeci- 
pitatum,  see  Cornu  ustum. 

Calcis  Sulphure'tuji,  Cal'cii  sulphure'tum, 
Hepar  Calcis,  Sul'phuret  of  Lime,  S.  of  Cal'cium, 
Hi/drosulphate  of  Lime,  (F.)  Proto-hydrosulfate 
de  Calcium,  Hydrosulfate  de  chaux.  Principally 
used  in  solution,  as  a  bath,  in  itch  and  other 
cutaneous  affections. 

CALCITEA,  Ferri  sulphas, 

CALCITEOSA,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

CALCITHOS,  Cupri  subacetas. 

CALCITRAPA,  Centaurea  Calcitrapa,  Del- 
phinium consolida — e.  Hippophasstum,  Centau- 
rea calcitrapa — c.  Stellata,  Centaurea  calcitrapa, 

CALCIUM,  CHLORIDE  OF,  Calcis  murias— 
c.  Chlorure  de,  Calcis  murias — c.  Chlorure  d'oxide 
de,  Calcis  ehloridum  —  c.  Protohydrosnlfate  de, 
Calcis  sulphuretum  —  c.  Protoxichlorure  de,  Cal- 
cis ehloridum  —  e.  Protoxichloruret  of,  Calcis 
ehloridum  —  c.  Protoxide  of.  Calx  —  c.  Sulphuret 
of,  Calcis  sulphuretum. 

CALCO-SUBPHALANGEUS  MINIMI  DI- 
GITI,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis — c.  Subpha- 
langeus  polHcis,  Abductor  pollicis  pedis. 

CALCOCOS,  Bell-metaL 

CALCOIDEA,  (ossicula,)  Cuneiform  bones. 

CALCOTAR,  Ferri  sulphas. 

CALCUL,  Calculus. 

CALCULEUX,  Calculous. 

CALCULI,  see  Calculus  —  e.  Articular,  see 
Calculi,  arthritic  ;  and  Concretions,  articular. 

Calculi,  Alternating,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Calculi,  Arthrit'ic,  Tophi,  Tuher'cula  ar- 
thrit'ica,  Calculi  arthrit'ici  seu  podag'rici, 
Chalk-stones,  Gout-stones,  Modes,  (F. )  Pierres 
crayeuses,  Calculs  arthritiques,  Nceuds.  Concre- 
tions, which  form  in  the  ligaments,  and  within 
the  capsules  of  the  joints,  in  persons  affected  with 
gout.  They  are  composed  of  uric  acid,  soda,  and 
a  little  animal  matter:  very  rarely,  urate  of  lime 
and  chloride  of  sodium  are  met  with.  Similar 
calculi  are  found  in  other  parts  beside  the  joints. 

Cal'culi,  Bil'iary,  Cal'culi  bilio'si  sen  fell' ei 
seu  bilia'rii,  Bil'iary  Concre'tions,  Gall-stones, 
Cholol'ithus,  Cholel'ithus,  (F.)  Cdleuls  biliaires, 
Pierres  au  fiel,  AngieholoUthe, —  Piorry.  Some 
of  these  contain  all  the  materials  of  the  bile,  and 
seem  to  be  nothing  more  than  that  secretiou 
thickened.  Several  contain  Picromel ;  and  the 
gseater  part  are  composed  of  from  SS  to  94  parts 
of  Cholesterin,  and  of  from  6  to  12  of  the  yellow 
matter  of  the  bile.  Biliary  calculi  are  most  fre- 
quently found  in  the  gall-bladder :  at  other  times. 


CALCULI 


155 


CALCULI 


in  the  substance  of  the  liver,  in  the  hranches  of 
the  Ductus  hepaticus,  or  in  the  Ductus  Communis 
Choledochua.  The  first  are  called  Ci)''tic;  the 
second  Hepatic  ;  and  the  last,  sometime?,  Hepa- 
tocystic. The  causes  which  give  rise  to  them  are 
very  obscure.  Often  they  occasion  no  uneasi- 
ness, and  at  other  times  the  symptoms  may  be 
confounded  with  those  of  hepatitis.  At  times. 
They  are  rejected  by  the  mouth,  or  by  the  bowels, 
along  with  a  considerable  quantity  of  bile,  which 
had  accumulated  behind  them ;  at  other  times 
they  occasion  violent  abdominal  inflammation, 
abscesses,  and  biliary  fistulee,  rupture  of  the  gall- 
bladder, and  fatal  effusion  into  the  peritoneum. 
The  passage  of  a  gall-stone  is  extremely  painful  ; 
yet  the  pulse  is  not  at  first  affected.  Antjphlo- 
gisties,  when  there  is  inflammatory  action-  and 
strong  doses  of  opium,  to  allay  the  pain  and 
spasm,  with  the  warm  bath,  are  the  chief  reme- 
dies. Solvents  are  not  to  be  depended  upon. 
They  cannot  reach  the  calculi. 

Calculi,  Bone  Earth,  see  Calculi,  urinary — 
c.  Compound,  see  Calculi,  urinary — c.  Cystic,  see 
Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Ears,  (F.)  Calcuh  de  V  Oreille. 
Hard,  light,  and  inflammable  concretions,  which 
occur  in  the  meatus  auditorins  externus,  and  are 
merely  indurated  cerumen.  They  are  a  frequent 
cause  of  deafness.  They  can  be  easily  seen,  and 
may  be  extracted  by  appropriate  forceps,  after 
having  been  detached  by  injections  of  soap  and 
water. 

Calculi  Fellei,  Calculi,  biliary — c.  Fusible, 
see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi,  Lach'rymal,  (F.)  Calcuh  lacry- 
maux.  Concretions  sometimes,  but  rarely,  form 
in  the  lachrymal  passages,  where  they  occasion 
abscesses  and  fistulse,  which  do  not  heal  until 
they  are  extracted.  No  analysis  has  been  made 
of  them. 

Calculi,  Lithic,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi  op  the  Mamm^,  (F.  )  Calcuh  des 
Mamelles.  Haller  gives  a  case  of  a  concretion, 
of  a  yellowish-white  colour,  which  had  the  shape 
of  one  of  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  mammary 
gland,  having  been  extracted  from  an  abscess 
seated  in  that  organ. 

Calculi,  Mulberry,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi  op  the  Pan'creas,  (F.)  Calcids  du 
Pancreas.  These  are  but  little  known.  Ana- 
logy has  induced  a  belief  that  they  resemble 
the  salivary.  Some  have  supposed  that  certain 
transparent  calculi,  rejected  by  vomiting,  or 
passed  in  the  evacuations,  have  proceeded  from 
the  pancreas,  but  there  seems  to  be  no  reason  for 
this  belief. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Pine'al  Gland,  (F.)  Calcuh 
de  la.  Claude  Pineale.  These  have  been  fre- 
quently met  with.  No  symptom  announces  their 
presence  during  life.  They  are  composed  of 
phosphate  of  lime. 

Calculi  Podagrici,  Calculi,  arthritic. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Prostate,  Prostat'ic  cal'culi. 
These  are  not  very  rare.  They  have  generally 
the  same  composition  as  the  preceding.  They 
usually  present  the  symptoms  common  to  every 
tumefaction  of  the  prostate,  and  sometimes  those 
of  calculi  in  the  bladder. 

Cal'culi  Pul'monarv,  (F.)  Calcuh  pnhno- 
vaires.  These  concretions  are  very  frequently 
met  with  in  the  dead  body,  without  seeming  to 
have  produced  unpleasant  symptoms  during  life. 
At  other  times,  they  are  accompanied  with  all 
the  symptoms  of  phthisis,  Litho-phtkisis,  Phthisic 
ealculeuse.  of  Bayle.  See  Lithiasis  pulmonum. 
At  times  they  are  expectorated  without  the 
supervention  of  any  unpleasant  symptom.    They 


are  usually  formed  of  carbonate  of  lime  and  ani- 
mal matter. 

Cal'culi,  Sai/ivary,  Cal'culi  saliva'les,  Sia^ 
lol'ithi,  (F.)  Calcuh  salivaires.  Concretions, 
usually  formed  of  phosphate  of  lime  and  animal 
matter,  which  are  developed  in  the  substance  of 
the  salivary  glands  or  in  their  excretory  ducts. 
In  the  first  case,  they  may  be  mistaken  for  a 
simple  swelling  of  the  gland  ;  in  the  second,  the.y 
may  generally  be  detected  by  the  touch.  They 
may  be  extracted  by  incision  in  the  interior  of 
the  mouth.  The  calculus  developed  in  the  sub- 
lingual ducts  has  been  called  Cal'culus  sublin- 
gua'lis  and  Ran'ula  lajyide'a. 

Cal'culi,  Sperjiat'ic,  (F.)  Calcuh  sperma- 
tiques.  These  have  been  sometimes  found  in  the 
vesiculse  seminales  after  death.  They  cannot  be 
detected  during  life.  No  analysis  has  been  made 
of  them. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Stomach  and  Intes'tines, 
Enferol'ifhus,  E.  Cal'culus,  Coprol'ithus,  Concre- 
tio'iies  alvi'ncB,  (F.)  Calcuh  de  I'estomac,  C.  in- 
testinaujc  ou  stercoraux,  Pierres  stercorales.  Con- 
cretions intesiinales.  Calculi  of  the  stomach  are 
rare,  and  have  almost  always  been  carried  thither 
by  the  antiperistaltic  action  of  the  intestines.  The 
symptoms  occasioned  by  them  are  those  of  chronic 
gastritis.  It  has  been  imagined  that  the  con- 
tinued use  of  absorbent  powders,  as  magnesia, 
will  give  occasion  to  them. 

Intestinal  concretions,  (F.)  Calcuh  intestinaux, 
are  not  uncommon  in  animals  (see  Bezoard  :) 
but  they  are  rare  in  man.  The  causes  which 
give  rise  to  them  are  little  known  :  sometimes  a 
biliary  calculus  affords  them  a  nucleus.  Their 
composition  varies.  They  are  light,  hard,  very 
fetid,  and  not  inflammable.  They  are  formed, 
ordinarily,  between  the  valvulce  of  the  small  in- 
testines, or  in  the  cells  of  the  large,  and  some- 
times in  old  herniae.  Whilst  they  do  not  ob- 
struct the  passage  of  the  alimentary  mass,  they 
produce  no  unpleasant  symptoms.  At  times,  the 
movable  tumour  which  they  form  may  be  felt 
through  the  parietes  of  the  abdomen.  They  aro 
generally  evacuated  per  anum. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Tonsils.  Calculous  concre- 
tions, which  sometimes  form  in  the  tonsils.  (F.) 
Calcuh  des  Ami/gdales.  They  are  easily  recog- 
nised by  the  sight  and  touch  :  sometimes  they 
are  discharged  by  spitting,  either  alone  or  with 
the  pus  of  an  abscess  occasioned  by  their  pre- 
sence.    They  have  not  been  analyzed. 

Calculi,  Triple,  see  Calculi,  urinary  —  c. 
Uric,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi,  U'rinary,  Urol'ithi,  (F.)  Calcuh 
urinaires,  Pierres  urinaires.  Concretions  which 
form  from  the  crystallizable  substances  in  the 
urine,  and  which  are  met  with  not  only  in  the 
whole  course  of  the  urinary  passages,  but  in  fis- 
tulous openings  wherever  the  urine  stagnates 
naturally  or  accidentally.  Their  causes  are  but 
little  known.  They  are  more  common  at  the  two 
extremities  of  life  than  at  the  middle,  and  more 
so  in  some  countries  and  districts  than  in  others. 
At  times,  a  clot  of  blood,  a  portion  of  mucus, 
Ac,  form  the  nucleus.  The  symptoms  and  treat- 
ment vary  according  to  the  seat  of  the  calculus. 
There  is  no  such  thing  probably  as  a  medical 
solvent.     See  Urinary  Calculi. 

Chymists  have  demonstrated  the  exist- 
ence of  several  components  of  urinary  calculi, 
viz.,  Lithic  Acid,  Phosphate  of  Lime,  Ammo- 
niaco-31agnesian  Phosphate,  Oxalate  of  Lime, 
Cystic  Oxide,  and  Xantliic  Oxide,  with  an 
animal  cementing  ingredient.  The. varieties  of 
calculi,  produced  by  the  combination  or  inter- 
mixture of  these  ingredients,  are  thus  represented 
by  Dr.  Paris. 


CALCULIFRAGUS 


156 


CALCULS  BILl AIRES 


A   TABULAR   VIEW   OF   DIFFERENT   SPECIES    OF   URINARY   CALCULI. 


SPECIES  OF  CAL- 
CULI. 

EXTERNAL  CHARACTERS. 

CHYMICAL  COMPOSITION. 

REMARKS. 

1.  LiTHic  or 

tRIC. 

Form,  a  flattened  oval.     S.  G. 
generally  exceeds  1,500.    Colour, 
brownish  or  fawn-like.  Surface, 
smooth.     Texture,  laminated. 

It  consists  principally  of  Litliic 
Jicid.    When  treated  with  nitric 
acid,  a  beautiful  pink  substance 
results.    This  calculus  is  slightly 
soluble  in  water,  abundantly  so 
in  the  pure  alkalies. 

It    is    the   prevailing 
species  ;  but  the  surface 
sometimes  occurs   fine 
ly  tuberculated.     It  fre- 
quently constitutes  the 
nuclei  of  the  other  spe- 
cies. 

2.   MULEERET, 

(J^.)  Calculs 
muraux. 

Colour,  dark  brown.     Texture, 
harder  than  that  of  the  other 
species.  S.  G.  from  1.428  to  1.976. 
Surface,  studded  with  tubercles. 

It  IS  oxalate  of  lime,  and  is  de- 
composed in  the  flame  of  a  spirit 
lamp  swelling  out  into  a  white 
efflorescence,    which    is    quick- 
lime. 

'I'his  species  includes 
some  varieties,  which 
are  remarkably  smooth 
and  pale-coloured,  re- 
sembling hempseed. 

3.  BONE  EARTH 

Colour,   pale   brown   or  gray ; 
surface,   smooth   and    polished ; 
structure,  regularly  laminated; 
the    laminee    easily    separating 
into  concrete  crusts. 

Principally  -phosphate  of  lime. 
It  is  soluble  in  muriatic  acid. 

4.  TRIPLE. 

Colour,   generally    brilliant 
white.   Surface,  uneven,  studded 
with  shining  crystals,  less  com- 
pact than  the  preceding  species. 
Between  its  laminaj  small  cells 
occur,  filled  with  sparkling  par- 
ticles. 

It  is  an  ummoniaco-magnesian 
phosphate,  generally  mixed  with 
phosphate  of   lime.     Pure  alka- 
lies decompose  ii,  extracting  its 
ammonia. 

This  species  attains  a 
larger  size  than  any  of 
the  others. 

5.  FUSIBLE. 

Colour,  grayish  white. 

A  compound  of  the  two  fore- 
going species. 

It  is  very  fusible, 
melting  into  a  vitreousj 

globule. 

6.  CYSTIC. 

Very  like  the  triple  calculus, 
but  it  is  unsiratified  and  more 
co(npact  and  homogenous. 

It  consists  of  c?/s(!c  oxic/c.    Un- 
der the  blowpipe  it  yields  a  pe- 
culiarly fetid  odour.     It  is  solu- 
ble in   acids,    and    in    alkalies, 
even  if  they  are  fully  saturated 
with  carbonic  acid. 

It  is  a  rare  species. 

7.  ALTERNA- 
TING. 

Its  section  exhibits  different 
concentric  laminas. 

Compounded   of  several   spe- 
cies, alternating  with  each  other. 

8.  COMPOUND. 

No  characteristic  form. 

The  ingredients  are  separable 
only  by  chymical  analysis. 

1.  Renal  Calculi,  (F.)  Calculs  renaux.  These 
have  almost  always  a  very  irregular  shape : 
at  times,  there  is  no  indication  of  their  pre- 
sence :  at  others,  they  occasion  attacks  of  pain 
in  the  kidneys,  sometimes  accompanied  with 
bloody  or  turbid  urine.  Often,  they  cause  in- 
flammation of  the  kidneys,  with  all  its  unplea- 
sant results.  They  are  generally  formed  of  uric 
acid,  animal  matter,  and  oxalate  of  lime,  with, 
sometimes,  phosphates.  The  treatment  will  have 
to  vary,  according  to  the  absence  or  presence  of 
inflammatory  signs,  —  relieving  the  irritation  by 
opiates.  A  surgical  operation  can  rarely  be  ap- 
plicable. 

2.  Calculi  of  the  Ureters,  (F.)  Calcnls  des 
UrSteres.  These  come  from  the  kidneys,  and  do 
not  produce  unpleasant  eifeets,  unless  they  are 
so  large  as  to  obstruct  the  course  of  the  urine, 
and  to  occasion  distension  of  the  whole  of  the 
ureters  above  them  ;  or  unless  their  surface  is  so 
rough  as  to  irritate  the  mucous  membrane,  and 
occasion  pain,  hemorrhage,  abscesses,  &c.  The 
pain,  during  the  passage,  is  very  violent,  extend- 
ing, at  times,  to  the  testicle  of  the  same  side 
in  the  male:  and  occasioning  a  numbness  of  the 
thigh  in  both  sexes.  The  treatment  consists  in 
general  or  local  blood-letting,  warm  bath,  and 
opiates. 

ii.  Calculi,  Vesical;  Stone  in  the  Bladder, 
Lith'ia  Vesica'lis,  Lithi'asis  cys'tica  seu  vesica'lis, 
Cysto-lithi'asis,  Dysu'ria  calculo'sa.  seu  irrita'ta, 
Cal'culus  vesi'ccB,  (F.)  Calculs  vesicaux.  These 
are  the  most  common.  Sometimes,  they  proceed 
from  the  kidneys:  most  commonly,  they  are 
formed  in  the  bladder  itself.  Sense  of  weight  in 
the  perinaeum,  and  sometimes  of  a  body  rolling 
when  the  pa.tient  changes  his  position;  pain  or 
itching  at  the  extremity  of  the  glans  in  men  ; 
frequent  desire  to  pass  the  urine;  sudden  stop- 
page to  its  flow ;  and  bloody  urine — are  the  chief 


signs  which  induce  a  suspicion  of  their  existence. 
We  cannot,  however,  be  certain  of  this  without 
sounding  the  patient.  Sometimes,  when  of  a 
small  size,  they  are  expelled:  most  commonly, 
they  remain  in  the  bladder,  the  disorganization 
of  which  they  occasion,  unless  removed  by  a  sur- 
gical operation. 

4.  Calcxili,  Ure'thral.  These  almost  always  pro-- 
ceed  from  the  bladder.  The  obstruction,  which 
they  cause  to  the  passage  of  the  urine,  the  hard 
tumour,  and  the  noise  occasioned  when  struck 
by  a  sound,  indicate  their  presence.  They  are 
removed  by  incision. 

6.  Calculi  of  Fis'tidous  passages.  These  arise 
when  there  is  some  fistulous  opening  into  the 
urethra.  They  can  be  readily  recognised,  and 
may  generally  be  extracted  with  facility.  (F.) 
Calculs  places  hors  des  voies  urinaires.  See  Uri- 
nary Calculi. 

Cal'culi  of  the  U'terus,  (F.)  Calculs  de 
V  Uterus.  These  are  very  rare.  The  signs,  which 
indicate  them  during  life,  are  those  of  chronic 
engorgement  of  the  uterus.  Their  existence,  con- 
sequently, cannot  be  proved  till  after  death. 

CALCULIFRAGUS,  Lithontriptie. 

C  A  L  '  C  U  L  0  U  S,  (F. )  Calculeux,  Graveleux. 
That  which  relates  to  calculi,  especially  to  those 
of  the  bladder. 

Calculous  Oxyd,  Oxyd,  cystic. 

CALCULS  (F.),  pi.  of  Calcul,  a  calculus. 

CALCULS  BILL  AIRES,  Calculi,  biliary  — 
c.  de  I'Estomac,  Calculi  of  the  stomach — c.  de  la 
Glande  PinSale,  Calculi  of  the  pineal  gland  —  c. 
Intestiuaux,  Calculi  of  the  stomach  and  intestines 
—  c.  Lacrymaux,  Calculi,  lachrymal  —  c.  des  Ma- 
melles,  Calculi  of  the  mammaa  —  c.  Ifuraux,  see 
Calculi,  urinary  —  c.  de  l' Oreille,  Calculi  in  the 
ears — c.  du  Pancreas,  Calculi  of  the  Pancreas — ■ 
c.  Places  hors  des  voies  urinaires.  Calculi  of  fis- 
tulous passages — c.  Pttlmonaires,  Calculi,  pulmo- 


CALCULUS 


157 


CALLIBLEPHARUM 


nary  —  c.  Renaux,  Calculi,  renal  —  c.  Salivaires, 
Calculi,  salivary — c.  Spermatiques,  Calculi,  sper- 
matic— e.  Stercoraux,  see  Calculi  of  the  stomach 
and  intestines — c.  Urinaires,  Calculi,  urinary — c. 
des  Ureteres,  Calculi  of  the  ureters  —  c.  de  I' Ute- 
rus, Calculi  of  the  uterus  —  c.  Vesicaux,  Calculi, 
vesical. 

CAL'CULUS,  Lapis,  LitJios.  A  diminutive 
of  ealx,  a  lime-stone.  (F.)  Calcxd,  Pierre. 
Calculi  are  concretions,  which  may  form  in  every 
part  of  the  animal  body,  but  are  most  frequently 
found  in  the  organs  that  act  as  reservoirs,  and  in 
the  excretory  canals.  They  are  met  with  in  the 
tonsils,  joints,  biliary  ducts,  digestive  passages, 
lachrymal  ducts,  mammae,  pancreas,  pineal  gland, 
prostate,  lungs,  salivary,  spermatic  and  urinary 
passages,  and  in  the  uterus.  The  causes  which 
give  rise  to  them  are  obscure. 

Those  that  occur  in  reservoirs  or  ducts  are 
supposed  to  be  owing  to  the  deposition  of  the 
substances,  which  compose  them,  from  the  fluid 
as  it  passes  along  the  duct;  and  those  which 
occur  in  the  substance  of  an  organ  are  regarded 
as  the  product  of  some  chronic  irritation.  Their 
general  effect  is  to  irritate,  as  extraneous  bodies, 
the  parts  with  which  they  are  in  contact;  and  to 
])rodiice  retention  of  the  fluid,  whence  they  have 
been  formed.  The  symptoms  differ,  according  to 
the  sensibility  of  the  organ  and  the  importance 
of  the  particular  secretion  whose  discharge  they 
impede.  Their  solution  is  generally  impracti- 
cable :  spontaneous  expulsion  or  extraction  is  the 
only  way  of  getting  rid  of  them. 

Calculus  Bezoar,  Bczoard  —  e.  Dentalis, 
Odontolithus  —  c.  Encysted,  Calcul  cliatonne  —  c. 
Sublingualis,  see  Calculi,  salivary  —  c.  Vesicee, 
Calculus,  vesical. 

CALDAS,  WATERS  OF.  Caldas  is  a  small 
town,  ten  leagues  from  Lisbon,  where  are  mineral 
springs,  containing  carbonic  and  hydrosulpburic 
acid  gases,  carbonates  and  muriates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  sulphates  of  soda  and  lime,  sulphuret 
of  iron,  silica,  and  alumina.  They  are  much 
used  in  atonic  gout.  They  are  thermal.  Tem- 
perature 93°  Fahrenheit. 

-  CALDE'RI^E  ITAL'ICiB,  Warm  baths  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Ferrara,  in  Italy,  much 
employed  in  dj'suria. 

CALEBASSES,  Cucurbita  lagenaria. 

CALEDO'NIA  SPRINGS.  These  are  in  Penn- 
sylvania, fifteen  miles  from  Chambersburg.  The 
waters  are  pure  ;  temperature  52°  Fahr. 

Caledonia  Springs,  see  Canada,  mineral 
Waters  of. 

CALEFA'CIENTS,  Cahfacien'tia,  Therman'- 
fica,  from  ealidits,  'warm,'  and  facia,  'I  make.' 
(F.)  Echaiiffants.  Substances  which  excite  a  de- 
gree of  warmth  in  the  part  to  which  they  are 
applied,  as  mustard,  pepper,  &c.  They  belong 
to  the  class  of  stimulants. 

CALEFACTIO,  Echauffement. 

CALENDULA  ALPINA,  Arnica  monta-na. 

Calen'dula  Arten'sis,  Caltha  Arven'sis  seu 
officiua'ils,  Wild  Mar'igold,  (F.)  Souci  des 
Champs.  Order,  Compositae.  This  is,  some- 
times, preferred  to  the  next.  Its  juice  has  been 
given,  in  the  dose  of  from  f^j  to  f^iv,  in  jaun- 
dice and  cachexia. 

Calen'dula  Officina'lis,  C.  Sati'vn,  Chry- 
san'themuvi,  Sponsa  solis,  Caltha  vidga'ria ;  Ver- 
ruca'ria,  Single  or  Garden  Mar'igold,  (Prov.) 
Goldiitg,  (F.)  Souci,  S.  ordinaire,  Fleur  de  tous 
lea  mois.  Family,  Synantherese,  Syngenesia  ne- 
eessaria,  Linn.  So  called  from  flowering  every 
calend.  The  flowers  and  leaves  have  been  exhi- 
bited as  aperients,  diaphoretics,  &c.,  and  have 
been  highly  extolled  in  cancer. 


CALENDULiE  MARTIALES,  Ferrum  am- 
moniatum. 

CALENTU'RA,  Cal'enture,  from  calere,  'to  be 
warm.'  The  word,  in  Spanish,  signifies  fever.  A 
species  of  furious  delirium  to  which  sailors  are 
subject  in  the  torrid  zone : — a  kind  of  phrenitis, 
the  attack  of  which  comes  on  suddenly  after  a 
broiling  daj',  and  seems  to  be  characterized  by  a 
desire  in  the  patient  to  throw  himself  into  the 
sea.     It  is  only  a  variety  of  phrenitis. 

Calentura  Continua,  Synocha. 

CALENTU'RAS;  Palo  de  Cahntu'ras.  Pomet 
and  Lemery  say,  that  these  words  are  sometimes 
applied  to  cinchona.  Camelli  says,  they  mean, 
also,  a  tree  of  the  Philippine  Isles,  the  wood  of 
which  is  bitter  and  febrifuge. 

CALF  KNEE,  Entogonyancon— c.  of  the  Leg, 
Sura. 

CALICE,  Calix. 

CALICES  RENALES,  see  Calix. 

CALICO  BUSH,  Kalmia  latifolia. 

CALIDARIUM,  see  Stove. 

CALIDUM  ANIMALE,  Animal  heat  — c.  In- 
natum,  Animal  heat. 

CALIFOR'NIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Several  mineral  springs  exist  in  California,  near 
40°  N.  Lat.  and  40i°  longitude  west  of  Wash- 
ington, directly  upon  the  California  trail,  leading 
from  the  sink  of  Humboldt  river  to  Pyramid 
lake.  Their  temperature  varies  from  cold  to 
almost  boiling.  They  ebb  and  flow  at  irregular 
intervals;  have  not  been  analyzed;  but  some 
have  the  taste  of  a  strong  solution  of  sulphate  of 
magnesia.  They  have  had  the  singular  eflect  of 
inducing  blcnnorrhoeal  symptoms,  both  in  man 
and  animals. 

CALIGATIO,  Dazzling. 

CALI'GO.  'A  mist.'  Achhjs,  (F.)  Brouillard. 
An  obscurity  of  vision,  dependent  upon  a  speck 
on  the  cornea:  also,  the  speck  itself;  Call-go  cor'- 
necB  seu  d  Kephel'io  seu  a  Leuco'mate,  Mac'ida 
cornece  seu  semipiellu'cida,  Phtharma  cab'go,  He- 
betu'do  vis'iis,  Neh'ula,  Opake  cornea,  Wcb-eye, 
M''eb,  Piu-and-Web,  (F.)  Nonage  de  la  Cornee, 
Taie  ou  Taye,  Obscurcissement  de  la  vue,  Akeru- 
todiaj)han  ie,- — -Piorry. 

Caligo  Lentis,  Cataract  —  c.  Pupillee,  Syne- 
zisis  —  c.  Synizesis,  Synezisis  —  c.  Tenebrarum, 
Hemeralopia. 

CALIHACHA  CANELLA,  Laurus  cassia. 

CALISAYA  BARK,  Cinchonse  cordifolise  cor- 
tex. 

CALISTHEN'ICS,  Callisfhen'ics,  Calistheni'a, 
Calli8theni'a,(F.)  Calliathenie,  from  ku\os,  'beau- 
tiful, and  o-^Ei/oj,  'strength.'  The  art  of  promoting, 
by  appropriate  exercises,  strength  of  body,  and 
grace  of  movements. 

CALIX,  Calyx,  Infundib'ulum,  from  (caAuf,  'a 
cup,'  'a  flower  cup.'  (F.)  Calice,  Entonnoir. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  small  cup- 
like membranous  canals,  which  surround  the 
papillffi  of  the  kidney,  and  open  into  its  pelvis, 
whither  they  convey  the  urine  : — Cal'ices  rena'le-i, 
Cylind'ri  membrana'cei  Renum,  Fis'tulm  iire'te- 
rum  renum,  Canales  membra'nei  Renum,  Tn'buli 
pelvis  renum.  Their  number  varies  from  6  to  12 
in  each  kidney. 

Calix  Vomitoria,  Goblet,  emetic. 

CALLA  PALUS'TRIS,  Water  Arum;  indige- 
nous. Ord.  Araeeas  :  has  similar  virtues  to  those 
of  the  Arums. 

Calla  Vihgimca,  Peltandra  Virgiuica. 

CALLEUX,  Callous. 

CALLIBLEPH'ARUM,  from  KaX\og,  'beauty,' 
and  (i\e(papov,  'eyelid.'  A  remedy  for  beautity- 
ing  the  eyelids. 


CALLICANTHUS 


158 


CALUMBA 


CALLICANTHUS,  Calycanthug. 
CALLICAR'PA  AMERICA'NA,  French  3Iul'- 
lerry ;  indigenous.      Order,  Verbenaceffi.     Used 
as  a  eutrophic  in  cutaneous  diseases.     Said  to  be 
useful  in  dropsy. 

CALLICOCCA  IPECACUANHA,  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

CALLICREAS,  Pancreas. 
CALLIOMARCHUS,  Tussilago. 
CALLIP^'DIA,  from  icaXXo?,  'beauty,'  and 
n-ai?,  Tradoi,  'a  child.'  The  art  of  begetting  beau- 
tiful children.  This  was  the  title  of  a  poem  by 
Claude  Quillet,  in  1655;  "GalUpadia  sive  de  pul- 
chrcs  prolis  habendcB  ratione."  The  author  ab- 
surdly supposes,  that  the  beauty  of  children  is 
affected  by  the  sensations  which  the  mother  ex- 
periences during  her  pregnancy. 

CALLIPERS  OF  BAUDELOCQUE,  see  Pel- 
vimeter. 

CALLIPESTRIA,  Cosmetics. 
CALLIPHYLLUM,  Asplenium  trichoma- 
noides. 

CALLIP'YGOS,  from  koWo?,  'beauty,'  and 
TTvyri.  '  buttocks.'  A  cognomen  of  Venus,  owing 
to  her  beautiful  nates. 

CALLISTHENICS,  Calisthenics. 
CALLITRICHE  AQUATICA,  C.  Yerna— c. 
Heterophylla,     C     Verna  —  c.    Intermedia,     C.  j 
Verua. 

Callit'riche  Verna,  (KaXog,  'beautiful,'  and 
■Spil,  Tfjix'ii,  'hair,'  from  its  capillary  and  tufted 
stems,)  C.  aquat'ica  seu  interme'dia  seu  Tietero- 
phifl'la,  Water  chickweed,  Water  staricort :  indi- 
genous ;  Order,  Callitrichacese  ;  is  diuretic,  and 
used  in  dropsy,  in  the  form  of  tincture  or  of  de- 
coction. 

CAL'LITRIS  ECKLO'NL  A  South  African 
tree,  Ord.  Coniferse,  from  the  branches  and  cones 
of  which  a  gum  exudes,  that  resembles  Gum 
Sandarac-  This  is  successfully  used  in  the  form 
of  fumigations  in  gout,  rheumatism,  oedematous 
swellings,  &c. 

Callitris  CuPRESSOiDES,  a  common  shrub  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Cape  Town,  exudes  a  simi- 
lar substance. 

CALLOSITAS,  Induration  —  c.  Palpebrarum, 
Scleriasis — c.  Vesicae,  Cystauxe. 

CALLOS'ITY,  Callos'itas,  Scijron,  Tyle,  Tylux, 
Tfjlo'ma,  Tylo'sis,  Bermatosclero'sis,  JJermatoty- 
lo'ma,  Bermatutylo'sis,  Bermatot'yius,  Fonts,  Ec- 
■pTiy'ma  Callus.  Hardness,  induration,  and  thick- 
ness of  the  skin,  which  assumes  a  horny  consist- 
ence in  places  where  it  is  exposed  to  constant 
pressure.  (F.)  Fiirillon.  Also  the  induration, 
which  is  observed  in  old  wounds,  old  ulcers,  fis- 
tulous passages,  &c. 

CALLOUS,  Callo'siis,  OcJitJio'des,  from  callus, 
'hardness.'  (F.)  Calleux.  That  which  is  hard 
or  indurated.  A  Callous  Ulcer  is  one  whose  edges 
are  thick  and  indurated. 

CALLUNA  ERICA,  Erica  vulgaris  —  c.  Vul- 
garis, Erica  vulgaris. 

CALLUS,  Calus,  Callum,  Osteot'ylus,  (P.)  Cal. 
The  bony  matter,  thrown  out  between  the  frac- 
tured extremities  of  a  bone,  which  acts  as  a  ce- 
ment, and  as  a  new  bony  formation.  The  words 
are,  likewise,  used  occasionally  in  the  same  sense 
as  Callosity. 

Callus,  Provisional.  When  the  shaft  of  a 
long  bone  has  been  broken  through,  and  the  ex- 
tremities haye  been  brought  in  exact  juxtaposi- 
tion, the  now  matter,  first  ossified,  is  that  which 
occupies  the  central  portion  of  the  deposit,  and 
thus  connects  the  medullary  cavities  of  the  broken 
ends,  forming  a  kind  of  plug,  which  enters  each. 
This  was  termed  by  M.  Dupuytren  the  provi- 
sional Callus. 


CALMANTS,  Sedatives. 

CALIIE,  (F.)  The  interval  that  separates  the 
paroxysms  of  an  acute  or  chronic  disease.  When 
the  type  is  intermittent,  the  word  intermission  is 
used. 

CALOMBA,  Calumba. 

CAL'OMEL,  from  Ka\os,  'good,' and  /icXaj, 
'black.'  A  term,  formerly  applied  to  ^thiops 
mineral.  By  some,  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury 
is  said  to  have  been  so  called  by  Sir  Theodore 
Turquet  de  Mayerne,  in  consequence  of  its  having 
been  prepared  by  a  favourite  black  servant,  or, 
according  to  others,  because  it  was  a  good  remedy 
for  black  bile.  It  is  now  applied  to  the  mild 
chloride  of  mercury  only.  See  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias. 

CALOMEL  STOOLS.  A  term  applied  to  the 
green,  spinach-like,  evacuations  occasioned  by 
the  internal  use  of  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury. 
CALOMEL'ANOS  TURQUE'TI,  Hydrargyri 
submurias.  A  name,  also,  given  by  Riverius  to 
purgative  pills,  prepared  with  calomel,  sulphur-5 
and  resin  of  jalap. — Dictionaries. 

CALOMELAS,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 
CALO'XIA,    Ka\wvia.      An    epithet    formerly 
given  to  myrrh. — Hippocrates.     See  Myrrha. 

CALOPHYLLUM  IXOPHYLLUM,  see  Fa- 
gara  octandra. 

CALOR,  Heat  —  e.  Animalis,  Animal  heat  — 
c.  Nativus,  Animal  heat. 

CALORICFTF,  (F.)  Caloric'Htas.  The  faculty 
possessed  by  living  bodies  of  generating  a  suffi- 
cient quantity  of  caloric  to  enable  them  to  resist 
atmospheric  cold,  and  to  jireserve,  at  all  times 
and  in  every  part,  a  temperature  nearly  equal. 
See  Animal  Heat. 

CALORIFA'CIENT,  Calorif'iant,  Calorifa'- 
ciens,  Caloriji'ans :  frojn  calor,  'heat,'  a.ndfaeere, 
'to  make.'  Having  the  power  of  producing  heat. 
Relating  to  the  power  of  producing  heat. 

CALORIFICA'TION,  Calorifica'tio,  from  ca- 
lor,  'heat,'  and  fieri,  'to  be  made.'  The  function 
of  producing  animal  heat. 

CALORINESES,  from  calor,  'heat.'  The 
name  under  which  M.  Baumes  proposes  to  ar- 
range all  diseases  characterized  by  a  sensible 
change  in  the  quantity  of  animal  heat.  The  Ca~ 
lorineses  form  the  first  class  of  his  Nosology. 

CALOTROPIS  GIGANTEA,  Mudar— c.  Mu-' 
darii,  Mudar. 

CALO TTE,  (F.)  Pile'ohm.  Anatomists  some- 
times give  the  name.  Calotte  aponevrotiqne,  to 
the  aponeurosis  of  the  oocipito-frontalis  muscle, 
which  covers  it  externally ;  and  that  of  Calotte 
du  crane  to  the  scull-cap. 

Calotte  is  also  applied  to  an  adhesive  plaster, 
with  which  the  head  of  a  person  labouring  under 
tinea  capitis  is  sometimes  covered,  after  the  hair 
has  been  shaved  off.  This  plaster  is  pulled  sud- 
denly and  violently  off,  in  order  to  remove  the 
bulbs  of  the  hair.  It  means,  also,  a  sort  of  coif 
made  of  boiled  leather,  worn  by  those  who  have 
undergone  the  operation  of  trepanning,  &c. 
CALOTTE  D' ASSURANCE,  Condom. 
CALTHA  ALPINA,  Arnica  montana — e.  Ar- 
vensis,  Calendula  arvensis  —  c.  Marsh,  C.  Palus- 
tris — c.  Officinalis,  Calendula  arvensis. 

Caltha  Palus'tris,  Marsh  Mar'igold,  Marsh 
Caltha,  Cowslips.  Order,  Ranunculaceas :  indi- 
genous. A  syrup  prepared  from  it  is  a  popular 
cough  remedy. 

Caltha  Vulgaris,  Calendula  officinalis. 
CALTROPS,  see  Trapa  natans. 
CALUM'BA,    Colom'ho,     C'alom'ba,     Colom'ha, 
(Ph.  U.  S.);    Columbo,  Radix  ColumbcB,  (F.)  Ca- 
lumbe  ou  Colambe.     The  root  of  Menisper' mum 


CALUS 


159 


CAMPHENE 


pfilma'fnm,  Coc'culus  palma'tns.  Order,  Meni- 
spermacese :  indigenous  in  Mozambique.  Its 
odour  is  slightly  aromatic;  taste  unpleasantly 
bitter.  It  is  tonic  and  antiseptic.  Dose,  gr.  10 
to  3J  i"  powder. 

Calumba,  American,  Frase'ra  Walteri  seu 
Curolinen'sis  seu  Officina'lis  seu  verticil' lata, 
Swer'tia  difform'is  seu  Frase'ra,  American  or 
Ulariet'ta  Golumho,  Indian  Lettuce,  Yellow  Gen- 
tian, Golden  Seal,  3Teadow  pride,  Pyr' amid.  The 
root  Frase'ra  (Ph.  U.  S.)  is  used  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  true  Calumba. 

CALUS,  Callus. 

CALVA,  Cranium. 

Calva,  Calva'ria.  The  cranium  ;  the  upper 
part  especially ;  the  skull-cap; — the  Vault  of  the 
Cranium,  Cam' era. 

CALVARIA,  Cranium. 

CALVA'TA  FERRAMEN'TA.  Surgical  in- 
struments, which  have  a  head  or  button. 

CALVIT"IES,  Calvit"ium,  Phal'acra,  Phala- 
cro'sis,  Glahrit"ies,  Ophi'asis,  Depila'tio  C'ap'- 
itis,  Phalacro' via,  3fadaro'8is,Lipsotrich'ia,  Bald- 
ness, (Old  Eng.)  Ballednesse,  Cal'vity,  &a.,  from 
calvus,  'bald,'(F.)  Calvitie,  Chauvete.  Absence 
of  hair,  particularly  at  the  top  of,  and  behind, 
the  head. 

Calvit"ies  Palpebra'eum  is  loss  of  the  eye- 
lashes. 

CALVUS,  Athrix. 

CALX,'  Lime,  Ca'rium  Terra,  Protox'ide  of 
Cnl'cium,  Calca'ria pura,  (F.)  Chaux.  The  lime, 
employed  in  pharmacy,  should  be  recently  pre- 
pared by  calcination.  When  water  is  sprinkled 
over  caustic  lime,  we  have  slaked  lime,  hydrate 
of  lime, — the  Calais  Hydras  of  the  London  phar- 
macopoeia. 

Calx,  see  Calcaneum  —  c.  Bismuthi,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of — c.  Chlorinata,  Calcis  chloridum — 
c.  Cum  kali  puro,  Potassa  cum  calce  —  c.  Salita, 
Calcis  murias  —  c.  Oxymuriatica,  Calcis  chlo- 
ridum. 

Calx  e  Testis  ;  lime  prepared  from  shells. 
It  has  probably  no  medicinal  advantages  over 
that  prepared  from  marble. 

Calx  Viva,  C.  reeens  seu  usta,  Calx  et  Calx 
viva,  Ox'idum  Cal'cii,  Fumans  nix,  Lime  or 
Quicklime,  (F.)  Chaux  vive.  The  external  ope- 
ration of  calx  viva  is  escharotic,  but  it  is  rarely 
used.  Lime  is  a  good  disinfecting  agent.  It  is 
employed  internally  in  the  form  of  Liquor  Calcis. 

CALYCANTH'US,  C.Flor'idus,  Callican'thus, 
[  ?  ]  Caroli'na  Allspice,  Sweet-scented  shrub,  Sweet 
shrub,  from  calyx,  'a  flower-oup,'  and  avdos,  'a 
flower.'  An  indigenous  plant;  0?-rfer,  Calycan- 
thaceae  ;  with  purplish  flowers,  of  strong,  agree- 
able odour,  which  appear  from  March  to  June. 
The  root  is  possessed  of  emetic  properties. 

CALYPTRANTHES  CARYOPHYLLATA, 
Myrtus  earyophyllata. 

CALYSTEGIA  SEPIUM,  Convolvulus  sepium 
— c.  Soldanella,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

CALYX,  Calls. 

CAMARA,  Calva. 

CAMAREZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ca- 
marez  is  a  small  canton  near  Sylvanes,  in  the 
department  of  Aveyron,  France,  where  there  are 
acidulous  ehalybeates. 

CAMARO'SIS,  Camaro'ma,  from  Kafxapa,  'a 
vault ,'  Camera' tio,  Testudina'tio  Cra'nii.  A  spe- 
cies of  fracture  of  the  skull  —  cam'erated  frac- 
ture— in  which  the  fragments  are  placed  so  as  to 
form  a  vault,  with  its  base  resting  on  the  dura 
mater.  —  Galen,  Paulus  of  ^gina. 

CAMBIE-LEAF,  Nymphsea  alba  et  lutea. 
CAMBING.     A  tree   of  the  Molucca  Islands, 
from  the  bark  of  which  a  kind  of  gum-resin  ex- 


udes, which  has  been  highly  extolled  in  dysen- 
tery. It  appears  to  have  some  resemblance  to 
the  simarouba — Rumphius. 

CAMBIUM,  'Exchange.'  A  name  formerly 
given  to  a  fancied  nutritive  juice,  which  waf 
supposed  to  originate  in  the  blood,  to  r-epair  the 
losses  of  every  organ,  and  produce  their  increase. 
— Sennertus. 

CAMBO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  vil- 
lage in  the  department  of  Basses  Pyrenees, 
France,  where  there  are  two  mineral  springs; 
the  one  an  acidulous  chalybeate,  the  other  sul- 
phureous.    Temperature,  62°  to  69°  Fahrenheit. 

CAMBODIA,  Cambogia. 

CAMBO'GIA,  from  Cambodia,  in  the  East  In- 
dies, where  it  is  obtained.  Hence,  likewise,  its 
names  Cambo'dia,  Camho'gium,  Garnbo'gia,  Gam- 
bo'giu7n,Gambu'gium,Gamboi'dia.  It  is  called,  also, 
Gutta,  Gutta.  gamba  seu  GamandrcB,Gumnn  Gutta, 
Catagau'na,  Cattagau'ma,  Chry'sopus,  Laxati'vus 
Ind'icus,  Gumini  Bo'gia  seu  gaman'drce.  seu  de  Goa 
seu  de  Jemu  seu  ad  Pod'agram,  Cliitta  jemoco, 
Gamboge  or  Gamboge,  (F.)  Gomme  Gutte.  Ord. 
Guttiferse.  A  yellow  juice  obtained  from  Hebra- 
dendron  Cambogioi'des,  and  other  plants  of  the 
natural  family  Guttiferse,  but  it  is  not  known 
from  which  of  them  the  ofiicinal  camboge  is  ob- 
tained. It  is  inodorous,  of  an  orange  yellow 
colour;  opake  and  brittle;  fracture,  glassy;  is  a 
drastic  cathartic,  emetic  and  anthelmintic;  and 
is  used  in  visceral  obstructions  and  dropsy,  and 
wherever  powerful  hydragogue  cathartics  are  re- 
quired. Dose  from  gr.  ij  to  vi,  in  powder,  united 
with  calomel,  squill,  &c. 

Cambogia  Gutta,  Garcinia  cambogia. 

CAMBU'CA,  Catnbuc'ca  membra'tn.  Buboes 
and  venereal  ulcers,  seated  in  the  groin  or  neai 
the  genital  organs. — Paracelsus.     See  Bubo. 

CAMELEF,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

CAMERA,  Chamber,  Fornix,  Vault — c.  Cordis, 
Pericardium — c.  Oculi,  Chamber  of  the  eye. 

CAMERATIO,  Camarosis. 

CAMFOROSMA,  Camphorosma. 

CAMINGA,  Canella  alba. 

CAMISIA  FCETITS,  Chorion. 

CAMISOLE,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

CAMMARUS,  Crab. 

CA3W21ILLE  FETIDE,  Anthemis  cotula— 
c.  Puante,  Anthemis  cotula — c.  Romaine,  Anthe- 
mis nobilis — c.  des  Teinturiers,  Anthemis  tincte- 
ria — c.  Vulgaire,  Matricaria  chamomilla. 

CAMOSIERS,  WATERS  OF.  Camosiers  is 
a  canton,  two  leagues  from  Marseilles,  'where  are 
two  springs  containing  carbonate  of  lime,  sul- 
phur, chloride  of  sodium,  &c.  They  are  purga- 
tive, and  used  in  skin  complaints. 

CAMOTES,  Convolvulus  batatas. 

CAMPAGXE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Campagne  is  in  the  department  of  Aude,  France. 
The  waters  contain  sulphate  and  chlorohydrate 
of  magnesia.     Temperature,  80°  Fahrenheit. 

CAMPAN'ULA.  Diminutive  of  campana,  a 
bell. 

Campanula  Trache'lium,  Canterbury  Bell  or 
Throatwort,  was  formerly  used,  in  decoction,  in 
relaxation  of  the  fauces.  It  is,  also,  called  Cer- 
vica'ria. 

CAMPE,  Flexion. 

CAMPHENE.  The  radical  of  camphor,  which, 
according  to  Dumas,  consists  of  camphene  and 
one  equivalent  of  oxygen.  Camphene  or  cam- 
phine  is_  represented  by  pure  oil  of  turpentine, 
That  which  is  used  for  burning  in  lamps,  and  is 
occasionally  employed  therapeutically,  is  oil  of 
turpentine  purified  by  distillation  from  a  solution 
of  caustic  potassa. 


CAMPHIRE 


160 


CANAL  DE  PETIT 


CAMPHIRE,  Camphor. 

CAMPHOR,  from  Arab.  Ca'phur  or  Xam'- 
pliur,  Cam'phora,  Caphura,  Caffa,  Oaf,  Cafur, 
Caphora,  Altafor,  Camphire,  (F.)  Camphre. 
A  concrete  substance,  prepared,  by  distillation, 
from  Laui-us  Gam' phora,  Per'sea  Cam'fora,  Gam- 
phoTa  officinarum,  an  indigenous  tree  of  the  East 
Indies.  Order,  Laurineas.  Its  odour  is  strong 
and  fragrant :  it  is  volatile,  not  easily  pulveriza- 
ble ;  texture  crystalline.  Soluble  in  alcohol, 
ether,  oils,  vinegar,  and  slightly  so  in  water.  Its 
properties  are  narcotic,  diaphoretic,  and  sedative. 
Dose,  gr.  v  to  ^j.  Dissolved  in  oil  or  alcohol,  it 
is  applied  externally  in  rheumatic  pains,  bruises, 
sprains,  &c. 

Camphor  Water,  Mistura  Camphorse. 
CAMPHORA'CEOUS,  Gamphora'cens.     Rela- 
ting to  or  containing  camphor; — as  a  '  camphor- 
uceous  smell  or  remedy.' 

CAMPHORATA  HIRSUTA,  and  C.  MON- 
SPELIBNSIUM,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaca. 

CAMPH'ORATED,  Gamphora'tus,  (F.)  Gam- 
phre.  Relating  to  camphor ;  containing  cam- 
phor ;  as  a  camphorated  smell,  a  camphorated 
draught. 

CAMPHOROS'MA  MONSPELIACA,  C.  Pe- 
reii'nts,  from  Gamphor, and  oafiri,  'odour.'  Sela'go, 
Gamphora'ta  hirsu'ta  seu  3fonspelien'sium,  Hairy 
Gamphoros'ma,  (F.)  Gamphree  de  Montpellier. 
Order,  Chenopodiaceee.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria 
Monogynia.  This  plant,  as  its  name  imports,  has 
an  odour  of  camphor.  It  is  regarded  as  diuretic, 
diaphoretic,  cephalic,  antispasmodic,  &c.  It  is 
also  called  GhamcBpen'ce  and  Stinking  Ground 
Pine. 

Camphorosma  Perennis,  C.  Monspeliaca. 
GAMPHRE,  Camphor. 
GAMPHRE,  Camphorated. 
GAMPHREE  DE  MONTPELLIER,  Cam- 
phorosma Monspeliaca. 

CAMPION,  ROSE,  Lychnis  githago. 
CAMPOMANE'SIA  LINEATIFO'LIA.  A 
tree,  twenty  to  thirty  feet  high,  which  grows  in 
Peru,  and  whose  fruit — palillo  —  of  a  bright  j'el- 
low  colour,  and  as  large  as  a  moderate-sized  apple, 
has  an  exceedingly  agreeable  scent,  and  is  one 
of  the  ingredients  in  making  the  perfumed  water 
called  mistura. — Tschudi. 

CAMPSIS,  Flex'io,  Gurva'tio,  Inflex'io.  Bone 
or  cartilage,  forcibly  bent  from  its  proper  shape, 
without  breaking. — Good. 

Campsis  Depressio,  Depression. 
CAMPYLOR'RIIACHIS;  from  Kaix-nv\oi, 
'  crooked,' and  pa'x^n,   'spine.'    A  monster  whose 
spine  is  crooked. — Gurlt. 

CAMPYLORRHI'NUS;  from  Ka,ivv\oi, 
'crooked,'  and  piv,  'nose.'  A  monster  whose 
nose  is  crooked. — Gurlt. 

CAMPYLOTIS,  Cataclasis, 
CAMPYLUM,  Cataclasis. 

CAMUS,  (F.)  Simus,  Resi'mus,  Simo,  Silo,  Si- 
his.  One  who  has  a  short,  stumpy  nose.  The 
French  speak  of  A^ez  camus,  'short  nose.' 

CANADA  BURNET,  Sanguisorba  cana- 
densis. 

CAN'ADA,  MINERAL  AYATERS  OF.  St. 
Gatherine's,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Ontario,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Welland  Canal,  12  miles  from 
Niagara  Falls,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Rail- 
road, has  a  mineral  spring,  much  frequented, 
which  Dr.  Chilton,  of  New  York,  analyzed  and 
found  to  contain  chlorides  of  calcium,  magnesium, 
sodium,  and  iron,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  bromide  and  iodide  of  mag- 
ne.«ium,  silica  and  alumina. 

Tuscarora  Acid  Spring  is  in  the  township  of 


Tuscarora,  about  20  mites  north  of  Pass  Dover. 
It  contains  a  large  amount  of  free  sulphuric  acid  : 
beside  sulphates  of  the  alkalies,  lime,  magnesia, 
alumina  and  iron. 

Gharlotteville  Sulphur  Spring  is  a  few  miles 
from  Dover,  on  Lake  Brie.  It  contains  an  un- 
usual quantity  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 

The  Galedonia  Springs — a  well  known  water- 
ing place — are  a  few  miles  south  of  the  Ottawa 
river,  and  40  miles  from  Montreal.  There  are 
various  sources  ;  one — the  Gas  Spring — discharg- 
ing carburetted  hydrogen  ;  a  Saline  and  a  Sul- 
phur  Spring;  besides  an  Intermitting  Spring, 
which  discharges  large  quantities  of  carburetted 
hydrogen  ;  and  in  which  iodine  and  bromine  have 
been  detected. 

CANAL,  Gana'lis,  Ductus,  Mea'tus,  Poros, 
Och'etos,  [F.)  Gonduit.  A  channel  for  affording 
passage  to  liquids,  or  solids,  or  to  certain  organs. 
Canal,  Alimen'tary,  C.  Diges'tive,  Gana'lis 
seu  Ductus  ciha'rius  seu  digesti'vus  seu  alimen- 
ta'rius,  Tubus  alimenta'rius  seu  intestino'rum, 
Diges'tive  Tube,  Aliment' ary  Duct  or  Tube.  The 
canal  extending  from  the  mouth  to  the  anus. 

Canal,  Arach'noid,  Gana'lis  Bichat'ii,  Ganal 
of  Bichat.  A  canal,  formed  by  the  extension  of 
the  arachnoid  over  the  transverse  and  longitu.ll- 
nal  fissures  of  the  brain,  which  surrounds  the  vena 
magna  Galeni.  The  orifice  of  the  canal  has 
been  termed  the  Foramen  of  Bichat. 

GANAL  ARTERIEL,  Arterial  duct— c.  de 
Bartholin,  Ductus  Bartholinus  —  c.  of  Bichat, 
Canal,  arachnoid — c.  Bullular,  of  Petit,  Godronns 
canal  —  c.  Gnrotidien,  Carotid  canal  —  e.  Ghole- 
doque,  Choledoch  duct — c.  Ciliary,  Cilinry  canal 
— c.  of  Cotunnius,  Aqueeductus  vestibuli — c.  De- 
ferent, Deferens  vas — c.  of  Fontana,  Ciliary  canal 
—  c.  Goudronne,  Godronn&  canal  —  c.  Hcpatique, 
Hepatic  duct. 

Canal  of  Huguier.  A  small  canal  at  the 
inner  side  of  the  fissure  of  Glaser,  through  which 
the  chorda  tympani  nerve  leaves  the  cavity  of 
the  tympanum. 

Canal,  Hy'alotd.  A  cylindrical  passage,  de- 
scribed by  M.  J.  Cioquet  as  formed  by  the  reflec- 
tion of  the  hyaloid  membrane  into  the  interior 
of  the  vitreous  body  around  the  nutritious  artery 
of  the  lens.  M.  Cruveilhier  has  never  been  able 
to  see  it. 

Canal,  Inci'sive,  see  Palatine  canals — c.  Infra- 
orbitar,  Suborbitar  canal — c.  Inflexe  de  I'os  tem- 
poral, Carotid  canal — c.  Intermediure  des  ventri- 
cules,  Aquajduotus  Sylvii. 

Canal,  Intes'tinal,  Gana'lis  seu  Ductus  intes- 
tina'lis.  The  portion  of  the  digestive  canal  formed 
by  the  intestines. 

Canal  of  Jacobson,  Canal,  tympanic. 
Canal,  Med'ullary.     The  cylindrical  cavity 
in  the  body  or  shaft  of  a  long  bone,  which  con- 
tains the  marrow. 

Canal,  Nasal,  Lachrymal  canal. 
Canal  of  Nctck.     A  cylindrical  sheath  formed 
around  the  round  ligaments  of  the  uterus  by  a 
prolongation  of  the  peritoneum  into  the  inguinal 
canal. 

GANAL  DE  PETIT,  Godronne  canal— c. 
Pubno-aortique,  Arterial  duct — c.  Rachidian, 
Vertebral  canal. 

Canal  op  Schlemm.  A  minute  circular  canal, 
discovered  by  Professor  Schlemm,  of  Berlin.  It 
is  situate  at  the  point  of  union  of  the  cornea  and 
sclerotica. 

Canal,  Spinal,  Vertebral  canal — c.  Spiro'ide 
de  I'os  temporal,  Aquseductus  Fallopii — e.  de  Ste- 
i\on.  Ductus  salivalis  superior  —  c.  Thoracique, 
Thoracic  duct — c.  Veineux,  Canal,  venous  —  c. 
Vulvo-uterine,  Vagina  —  c.  de  Warthon,  Ductus 
salivalis  inferior. 


CANALES   AERIFERI 


161 


CANCER 


Canal,  Tril'PANlC,  Cana'lis  tympan'icus,  Canal 
ofJa'cohson.  A  canal  which  opens  on  the  lower 
surface  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone,  between  the  carotid  canal  and  the  groove 
for  the  internal  jugular  veiTn.  It  contains  Jacob- 
son's  nerve. 

Canal,  Vector,  Tube,  Fallopian. 
Canal,  Venous,   Cana'lis  seu  Ductus  veno'sits 
seu  D.  V.  Aran'tii,  (F.)  Canal  veineux.     A  canal 
which  exists  only  in  the  foetus.     It  extends  from 
the  bifurcation  of  the  umbilical  vein  to  the  vena 
cava  inferior,  into  which  it  opens  below  the  dia- 
phragm.    At  times,  it  ends  in  one  of  the  infra- 
hepatic  veins.     It  pours  into  the  cava  a  part  of 
the  blood,  which  passes  from  the  placenta  by  the 
umbilical  vein.     After  birth,  it  becomes  a  fibro- 
cellular  cord. 
Canal  of  Wirstjng,  see  Pancreas. 
CANALES  AERIFERI,  see  Bronchia. 
CANA'LES    BRESCHET'I.      Canals   in   the 
diploe  for  the  passage  of  veins  j  so  called  after 
M.  Bresehet. 

Canales  Circulares,  Semicircular  canals — c. 
Cochlese,  Scalse  of  the   cochlea — o.  Lacrymales, 
Lachrymal  ducts — e.  Membranei  renum,  see  Calix 
— c.  Tubseformes,  Semicircular  canals. 
CANALICULATED,  Grooved. 
CANALICULATUS,  CanneU,  Grooved. 
CANALICULE,  Grooved. 
OANALIOULES  CALCIFJERES,  Canaliculi 
calciferi. 

CANALICULI,  plural  of  Canaliculus— c.  Bili- 
feri,  Fori  biliarii  —  c.  of  Bone,  see  Lacunae  of 
Bone. 

CANALICULI  CALCIF'BRI,  Calciferous 
canals,  (F.)  Canalicules  Caleiferes.  Minute  ca- 
naliculi, observed  with  the  microscope,  in  the 
cartilages  of  bones,  which  are  full  of  calcareous 
salts. 

CANALICULI  HAVERSIANI,  Canals,  nu- 
tritive—  c.  Lacrymales,  Lachrymal  ducts  —  c. 
Limacum,  Lachrymal  ducts  —  c.  Semicirculares, 
Semicircular  canals  —  c.  Seminales,  see  Testicle 
— c.  Seminiferi,  see  Testicle — c.  Vasculosi,  Canals, 
nutritive. 

CANALICULUS,  diminutive  of  canalis,  'a 
channel.'     A  small  channel.     See  Canaliculi. 

CANALIS,  Meatus  —  c.  Alimentarius,  Canal, 
alimentary  —  c.  Arteriosus,  Arterial  duct  —  c. 
Bichatii,  Canal,  arachnoid — c.  Canaliculatus,  Gor- 
get— c.  Caroticus,  Carotid  canal — c.  Cervicis,  see 
Uterus — c.  Deferens,  Deferens  vas — c.  Eminen- 
tite  quadrigeminse,  Aqua;ductus  Sylvii — c.  Fallo- 
pii,  Aquseductus  Fallopii — c.  Intestinorum,  Intes- 
tinal tube — c.  Lacrymalis,  Lachr^'mal  or  nasal 
duct — c.  Medius,  Aquaduetus  Sylvii — c.  Medullae 
Spinalis,  see  Vertebral  column — c.  Nervous  fistu- 
losus  renum,  Ureter — c.  Orbitas  nasalis.  Lachry- 
mal or  nasal  duct  —  c.  Scalarum  communis,  In- 
fundibulum  of  the  cochlea — c.  Semieircularis  ho- 
rizontalis,  see  Semicircular  Canals  —  c.  Semieir- 
cularis verticalis  posterior,  see  Semicircular  Ca- 
nals —  c.  Semieircularis  verticalis  superior,  see 
Semicircular  canals — c.  Tympanicus,  Canal,  tym- 
panic— c.  Urinarius,  Urethra  —  c.  Vidianus,  Pte- 
rygoid canal. 

CANALS  OF  HAVERS,  Canals,  nutritive  — 
c.  Haversian,  Canals,  nutritive. 

CaUals,  Nutritive,  Canals  for  the  nutrition 
(ff  hones,  Ductus  nutrit"ii,  Canalic'xili  vasenlo'si 
sen  Haversia'ni,  Haver'sian  Canals,  Canals  of 
Havers,  (F.)  Cananx  nourriciers  ou  du  Nutrition 
des  OS,  Conduits  nourriciers  ou  nutriciers.  The 
canals  through  which  the  vessels  pass  to  the 
bones.  They  are  lined  by  a  very  fine  lamina  of 
11 


compact  texture,  or  are  formed  in  the  texture 
itself.  There  is,  generally,  one  large  nutritious 
canal  in  a  long  bone,  situate  towards  its  middle. 

CANAPACIA,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

CANARIES,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  the  Canaries  greatly  resembles  that  of  Ma- 
deira. That  of  the  latter,  however,  is  more 
equable,  and  the  accommodation  for  invalids 
much  superior. 

CANARIUM  COMMUNE,  see  Amyris  elemi- 
fera. 

CANARY-SEED,  Phalaris  Canariensis. 

CANAUX  AQUEUX,  see  Aqueous— c.  Demi- 
circulaires,  Semicircular  canals — c.  Ejaculateurs, 
Ejaculatory  ducts — c.  Nourriciers,  Canals,  nutri- 
tive— c.  de  Nutrition  des  os.  Canals,  nutritive. 

CANAUX  DE  TRANSMISSION.  Accord- 
ing to  Bichat,  the  bony  canals  intended  to  give 
passage  to  vessels  and  nerves  going  to  parts  more 
or  less  distant — as  the  Cana'lis  Carot'icus,  &e. 

CANAUX  VEINEUX,  Venous  Canals.  The 
canals  situate  in  the  diploe,  which  convey  venous 
blood. 

CAN'CAMUM.  A  mixture  of  several  gums 
and  resins,  exported  from  Africa,  where  it  is  used 
to  deterge  wounds.  Dioscorides  calls,  by  the 
name  KayKafiov,  the  tears  from  an  Arabian  tree, 
which  are  similar  to  myrrh,  and  of  a  disagree- 
able taste.  He  advises  it  in  numerous  diseases. 
This  name  is  given,  also,  to  the  Anime. 

CANCAMY,  Anime. 

CANCELLATED,  Cancella'tns,  (F.)  Cancelle ; 
from  Canoelli,  'lattice-work.'  Formed  of  can- 
celli,  as  the  'cancellated  structure  of  bone.' 

CANCEL'LI,  'Lattice-work.'  The  Cellular 
or  Spongy  Texture  of  Bones,  (F.)  TissH  cellulenx; 
consisting  of  numerous  cells,  communicating  with 
each  other.  They  contain  a  fatty  matter,  analo- 
gous to  marrow.  This  texture  is  met  with,  prin- 
cipally, at  the  extremities  of  long  bones;  and 
some  of  the  short  bones  consist  almost  wholly  of 
it.  It  allows  of  the  expansion  of  the  extremities 
of  bones,  without  adding  to  their  weight,  and 
deadens  concussions. 

CANCEL'LUS,  from  cancer,  'a  crab.'  A  spe- 
cies of  crayfish,  called  the  Wrong  Heir,  and  Ber- 
nard the  Hermit:  which  is  said  to  cure  rheuma- 
tism, if  rubbed  on  the  part. 

CANCER,  'a  crab.'  Car'cinos,  Lupus  cancro'- 
sns.  A  disease,  so  called  either  on  account  of  the 
hideous  appearance  which  the  ulcerated  cancer 
presents,  or  on  account  of  the  great  veins  which 
surround  it,  and  which  the  ancients  compared  to 
the  claws  of  the  crab  :  called  also  Garcino'ma. 
It  consists  of  a  scirrhous,  livid  tumour,  inter- 
sected by  firm,  whitish,  divergent  bauds;  and 
occurs  chiefly  in  the  secernent  glands.  The 
pains  are  acute  and  lancinating,  and  often  extend 
to  other  parts.  The  tumour,  ultimately,  termi- 
nates in  a  fetid  and  ichorous  ulcer, —  Ulcus 
cancro' sum.  It  is  distinguished,  according  to  its 
stages,  into  occult.  Cancer  occul'tua,  and  open,  C. 
aper'tus;  the  former  being  the  scirrhous,  the 
latter  the  ulcerated  condition.  At  times,  there  is 
a  simple  destruction  or  erosion  of  the  organ,  at 
others,  an  encephaloid  or  cerebriform,  and,  at 
others,  again,  a  colloid  degeneration. 

For  its  production,  it  requires  a  peculiar  dia- 
thesis, or  cachexia.  The  following  table,  from 
Dr.  AValshe,  exhibits  the  characters  of  the  three 
species  of  carcinoma : 

The  use  of  irritants  in  cancerous  afi'ections  is 
strongly  to  be  deprecated.  When  the  disease  is 
so  situate  that  excision  can  be  practised,  and 
the  constitution  does  not  exhibit  great  contami- 
nation, the  sooner  it  is  removed  the  better. 


CANCER  ALVEOLAIRE 


162 


CANCER  DE  GALIEN 


Encephaloid. 

Resembles  lobulated  cerebral 
matter. 

Is  commonly  opake  from  its  ear- 
liest formation. 

Is  of  a  dead  white  colour. 

Contains  a  multitude  of  minute 
vessels. 

Is  less  hard  and  dense  than  scir- 
rhus. 

Is  frequently  found  in  the  veins 
issuing  from  the  diseased  mass. 

The  predominant  microscopical 
elements  are  globular,  not  always 
distinctly  cellular,  and  caudate  cor- 
puscula. 

Occasionally  attains  an  enor- 
mous bulk. 

Has  been  observed  in  almost 
every  tissue  of  the  body. 

Very  commonly  co-e.xists  in  se- 
veral parts  or  organs  of  the  same 
subject. 

Is  remarkable  for  its  occasional 
vast  rapidity  of  growth. 

Is  frequently  the  seat  of  intersti- 
tial hemorrhage  and  deposition  of 
black  or  bistre-coloured  matter. 

When  softened  into  a  pulp,  ap- 
pears as  a  dead  white  or  pink  opake 
matter  of  creamy  consistence. 

Subcutaneous  tumours  are  slow 
to  contract  adhesion  with  the  skin. 

Ulcerated  encephaloid  is  fre- 
quently the  seat  of  hemorrhage, 
followed  by  rapid  fungous  develop- 
ment. 


The  progress  of  the  disease  after 
ulceration  is  commonly  very  rapid. 

It  is  the  most  common  form  un- 
der which  secondary  cancer  exhi- 
bits itself 

Is  the  species  of  cancer  most  fre- 
quently observed  in  young  subjects. 


Scirrhus. 

Resembles  rind  of  bacon  tra- 
versed by  cellulo-fibrous  septa. 

Has  a  semi-transparent  glossi- 
ness. 

Has  a  clear  whitish  or  bluish 
yellow  tint. 

Is  comparatively  ill-supplied  with 
vessels. 

Is  exceedingly  firm  and  dense. 


Has  not  been  distinctly  detected 
in  this  situation. 

The  main  microscopical  consti- 
tuents are  ju.Ktaposed  nuclear  cells  ; 
caudate  corpuscula  do  not  exist 
in  it. 

Rarely  acquires  larger  dimen- 
sions than  an  orange. 

Its  seat,  as  ascertained  by  obser- 
vation, is  somewhat  more  limited. 

Is  not  unusually  solitary. 


Ordinarily  grows  slowly. 

Is  comparatively  rarely  the  seat 
of  these  changes. 

Resembles,  when  softened,  a  yel- 
lowish brown  semitransparent  ge- 
latinous mailer. 

Scirrhus  thus  situate  usually  be- 
comes adherent. 

Scirrhous  ulcers  much  less  fre- 
quently give  rise  to  hemorrhage  ; 
and  fungous  growths  (provided 
they  retain  the  scirrhous  charac- 
ter) are  now  more  slowly  and  less 
abundantly  developed. 

There  is  not  such  a  remarkable 
change  in  the  rate  of  progress  of  the 
disease  after  ulceration  has  set  in. 


Is  much  less  common  before  pu- 
bertv. 


Colloid. 

Has  the  appearance  of  particles  of 
jelly  inlaid  in  a  regular  alveolar  bed. 

The  contained  matter  is  strik- 
ingly transparent. 

Greenish  yellow  is  its  predomi- 
nant hue. 

Its  vessels  have  not  been  suffi- 
ciently examined  as  jet. 

The  jelly-like  matter  is  e.xceed- 
ingly  soft ;  a  colloid  mass  is,  how- 
ever, firm  and  resisting. 

The  pultaceous  variety  has  been 
detected  in  the  veins. 

Is  composed  of  sliells  in  a  state 
of  emboitement. 


Observes  a  mean  in  this  respect. 

Has  so  far  been  seen  in  a  limited 
number  of  parts  only. 

Has  rarely  been  met  with  in  more 
than  one  organ. 

Grows  with  a  medium  degree  of 
rapidity. 


Undergoes  no  visible  change  of 
the  kind. 


Has  so  far  been  observed  in  adults  | 
on  I  v. 


CANCER  ALVEOLAIRE,  CoUoid  — c.  Al- 
veolaris,  Colloid — c.  Apertus,  see  Cancer. 

Cancer  Aquat'icus,  Gan'grenoua  stomati'tia, 
Cancrum  Oris,  Gangrmnop'sis,  Canlcer  of  the 
mouth,  Gan'grenous  sore  mouth,  Gan'grenous  ero'- 
eion  of  the  cheek.  Sloughing  Phagedce'tia  of  the 
mouth,  Water  Canker:  called,  also,  Aphthm  ser- 
pen'tes,  Gangra'na  Oris,  Noma,  Nome,  Nomas, 
Pseudoearcino'ma  la'hii,  Stnmae'ace  gangrmno'sa, 
Cheiloc'ace,  Uloc'ace,  Uli'tis  sep'tica,  Cheiloma- 
la'cia,  Scorbu'tus  Oris,  Stomatomala'cia  pu'trida, 
Stomatosep' sis,  Stomatonecro' sis,  Carbun'culus 
labio'rum  et  gena'rura,  (F.)  Cancer  aquatique, 
Stomatite  gangreneuse,  S.  Charbonneuse,  Gangrene 
ou  Spkacele  de  la  Botiche,  Fegurite,  Aphthe  gnn- 
greneux.  Certain  sloughing  or  gangrenous  ulcers 
of  the  mouth  —  so  called,  perhaps,  because  they 
are  often  accompanied  with  an  afflux  of  saliva. 
The  disease  is  not  uncommon  in  children's  asy- 
lums, and  demands  the  same  treatment  as  hospi- 
tal gangrene  —  the  employment  of  caustics,  and 
internal  and  external  antiseptics. 

CANCER  AQUATIQUE,  Cancer  aquaticus, 
Stomaeace — c.  Areolaire,  Colloid — c.  Astacus,  see 
Cancrorum  chelse — c.  Black,  Cancer  melanotic — 
c.  of  the  Breast,  Mastocarcinoma — c.  Camina- 
riorum,  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers'  —  e.  Cellular, 
Encephaloid — c.  Cerebriforme,  see  Encephaloid. 

Cancer,  Chimney-sweepers',  Sootwart,  Can- 
cer mundito'rum  seu  purgato'ris  infumic'uli  seu 
cnminario' rum,  Cancer  seu  careino' ma  scroti,  Os- 
cheocarcino'ma,  Oschocarcino'ma,  (E.)  Cancer 
des  Ramoneurs.  This  aflFection  begins  with  a 
superficial,  painful,  irregular  ulcer,  with  hard  and 
elevated  edges,  occupying  the  lower  part  of  the 


scrotum.  Extirpation  of  the  diseased  part  is  the 
only  means  of  effecting  a  cure. 

CANCER  COLLO'lDE,  Colloid. 

Cancer,  Davidson's  Remedy  for,  see  Conium 
maculatum. 

CANCER  DUR,  Scirrhus. 

CANCER  EBURNE.  A  kind  of  waxy  dege- 
neration of  the  breast,  so  called  by  M.  Alibert,  but 
which  appears  to  be  in  no  way  allied  to  cancer. 

CANCER  ENCEPHALOIDE,  Scirrhus  — c. 
Epithelial,  see  Epithelial — c.  Fibreux,  Scirrhus — 
c.  Fibrous,  Scirrhous — c.  dn  Foie,  Hepatosarcoviie . 

Cancer  Gale'ni,  (F.)  Cancer  de  Galien.  A 
bandage  for  the  head,  to  which  Galen  gave  the 
name  cancer,  from  its  eight  heads  resembling, 
rudelj',  the  claws  of  the  crab.  It  is  now  sup- 
plied by  the  bandage  with  six  chefs  or  heads, 
which  is  called  the  Bandage  of  Galen  or  B.  of 
the  Poor. 

CANCER  BE  GALIEN,  Cancer  Galeni  — e. 
Gelatiniform,  Colloid — c.  Gelatinous,  Colloid — e. 
Gommeux,  Colloid — c.  Hard,  Scirrhus — c.  Intes- 
tinorum,  Enteropathia  cancerosa — c.  des  Intestins, 
Enteropat-hia  caneerosa — e.  of  the  Lung,  Phthisi.s, 
cancerous — -c.  Lupus,  Lupus  —  c.  Mastoid,  see 
Mastoid  cancer — c.  Medullaris,  Encephaloid — c. 
Melseneus,  Cancer,  melanotic — c.  ilelane.  Cancer, 
melanotic — c.  Melanodes,  Cancer,  melanotic. 

Cancer,  Melanot'ic,  Cancer  melano'des,  Car- 
cino'ma  melano' des  seu  melanot'icum  seu'  melm' - 
neus.  Fungus  melano'des,  SleV  ano-carcino'ma, 
Black  or  3Iel'anoid  Cancer,  (F.)  Cancer  Jlelane. 
A  combination  of  cancer  and  melanosis. 

Cancer,  Miltlike,  see  Miltlike. 


CANCEREUX 


163 


CANITIES 


Cancer  Mollis,  see  Encephaloid  —  c.  i/o«, 
Encephaloid — c.  Munditorum,  Cancer,  chimney- 
sweepers'— c.  Nephroid,  see  Nephroid — c.  Occul- 
tus,  see  Cancer  —  c.  Oculi,  Scirrhophthalmus  —  c. 
Oris,  Stomacace  —  c.  Ossis,  Spina  ventosa  —  c. 
Pharj'ngis  et  oesophagi,  Laemoscirrhus  —  c.  Pal- 
tace,  Colloid  —  c.  Purgatoris  infumiculi.  Cancer, 
chimney-sweepers'  —  c.  des  Mamoneiu-n,  Cancer, 
chimney-sweepers'  —  c.  Scirrhosus,  Scirrhus  —  c. 
Scroti,  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers' — c.  Soft,  Hte- 
matodes  fungus  —  c.  Solanoid,  see  Solanoid  —  c. 
Squirrheiix,  Scirrhus  —  c.  of  the  Stomach,  Gas- 
trostenosis  cardiaca  et  pylorica — c.  Uteri,  Metro- 
carcinoma. 

CANCEREUX,  Cancerous. 

CANCER  ROOT,  Orobanehe  Virginiana,  Phy- 
tolacca decandra — c.  Weed,  Goodyera  pubescens. 
Salvia  lyrata. 

CANCEROMA,  Carcinoma. 

CAN'CEROUS,  Cancro'sus,  Carcino'sus,  (F.) 
Caiicereux.  Relating  to  cancer;  as  Cancerous 
ulcer,  Cancerous  diathesis. 

CANCHALAGUA,  Chironia  Chilensis. 

CANCRENA,  Gangrene. 

CANCRODES,  Cancroid. 

CAN'CROID,  Kankroid,  Cancro'des,  Cancro'i'- 
des,  Oarcino'des,  Carcino'ides,  Cancro'ideus,  from 
cancer  and  ciSos,  'form.'  That  which  assumes  a 
cancerous  appearance.  Cancroid  is  a  name  given 
to  certain  cutaneous  cancers  by  Alibert:  called 
also  Cheloid  or  Keloid,  Chel'o'is,  Can'cro'is,  Ke- 
lo'i'des,  (^(eXvs,  'a  tortoise,' and  u^og,  'likeness;' 
or  from  KrfXis,  'a  spot  or  stain,'  and  uiog,  'like- 
ness ;')  Kelis,  from  their  presenting  a  flattish 
raised  patch  of  integument,  resembling  the  shell 
of  a  tortoise. 

Cancroid  of  the  Skin,  see  Epithelial. 

CANCROIS,  see  Cancroid. 

CANCROMA,  Carcinoma. 

CANCRO'RUM  CHELiE,  Oc'uli  seu  Lap'ides 
seu  Lapil'li  Cancro'rum,  Concremen'ta  As'taci 
Jluviat'ilis,  Crab's  stones  or  eyes,  (F.)  Yeux 
d'ecrevisse,  Pierre  d'Ecrevisse.  Concretions  found, 
particularly,  in  the  Cancer  As'tacus  or  Cray-fish. 
They  consist  of  carbonate  -and  phosphate  of  lime, 
and  possess  antacid  virtues,  but  not  more  than 
2halk. 

CANCROSUS,  Cancerous,  Chancreuse. 

CANCRUM  ORIS,  Cancer  Aquaticus,  Sto- 
macace. 

CANDELA,  Bougie  —  e.  Fumalis,  Pastil  —  c. 
Medicata,  Bougie — c.  Regia,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

CANDELARIA,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

CANDI,  Candum,  Canthum,  Can'tion,  Candy, 
from  candidus — '  white,  bleached,  purified.'  Pu- 
rified and  crystallized  sugar.     See  Saccharum. 

CANDIDUM  OVI,  Albumen  ovi. 

CANDLE,  Pupil. 

Candle,  Mercu'rial.  A  candle  made  of  wax 
and  vermilion  for  mercurial  fumigation. 

Candle  Tree,  Parmentiera  cerifera. 

CANDY,  Candi. 

CANDYTUFT,  BITTER,  Iberis  amara. 

CANE,  SUGAR,  see  Saccharum  — c.  Sweet, 
Acorus  calamus. 

CANEFICIER,  Cassia  fistula. 

GANELA,  Nectandra  cinnamomoides. 

CANELE,  Grooved. 

CANELLA,  see  Canella  alba. 

Canel'la  Alba,  diminutive  oi  canna,  'a  reed.' 
A  West  India  tree.  Fam.  Magnoliacese :  Sex. 
Syst.  Dodecandria  Monogynia.  It  is  so  called 
because  its  bark  is  rolled  up  like  a  reed.  Cortex 
Wintera'nus  spu'rius,  Canella  Cuha'na  seu  Wiii- 
tera'nia,  Cinnamo'jmim  album,  Cortex  Antiscor- 
bu'ticus  seu  Aromat'icus,  Costus  cortico'sus,  Ca- 
min'ga,  Canella  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Canella  Bark,  (F.) 
Canelle   ou  Canelle   blanche,    Fausse   Ecorce   de 


Winter,  Ecorce  Cariocostine ;  Ord.  Guttiferse,  is 
a  pungent  aromatic.  Its  virtues  are  partly  ex- 
tracted by  water;  entirely  by  alcohol.  It  is  a 
stimulant,  and  is  added  to  bitters  and  cathartics. 

Canella  Caryophyllata,  Myrtus  caryophyl- 
lata — c.  Cubana,  C.  alba,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Mala- 
barica  et  Javensis,  Laurus  cassia. 

CANELLIFERA  MALAB ARIC A,  Laurus 
cassia. 

CANEPIN,  (F.)  A  fine  lamb's  skin  or  goat's 
skin,  used  for  trying  the  quality  of  lancets. 

CANICACEOUS,  Furfuraceous. 

CAN'IC^.  Meal,  in  which  there  is  much 
bran.  Also,  coarse  bread ;  or  bread  in  which 
there  is  much  bran — Panis  Canica'ceus. 

CANICIDA,  Aconitum. 

CANIC'ULA;  the  Dogstar,  from  canis,  'a  dog;* 
'Zeiptog,  Sirius,  (P.)  Canicule.  This  star,  which 
gives  its  name  to  the  Dogdays,  Dies  canictda'res, 
because  they  commence  when  the  sun  rises  with 
it,  was  formerly  believed  to  exert  a  powerful  in- 
fluence on  the  animal  economy.  The  Dogdays 
occur  at  a  period  of  the  year  when  there  is  gene- 
rally great  and  oppressive  heat,  and  therefore — 
it  has  been  conceived — a  greater  liability  to  dis- 
ease. 

CANIF,  Knife. 

CANIN,  Canine. 

CANINAN^  RADIX,  Cainc^  radix. 

CANINE,  Cani'nus,  Cyn'icus,  from  canis,  'a 
dog,'  (F.)  Canin.  That  which  has  a  resemblance 
to  the  structure,  &c.,  of  a  dog. 

Canine  Fossa,  Fossa  Cani'na,  Infra-orbifar  or 
Suborbitar  fossa,  (F.)  Fosse  Canine.  A  small 
depression  on  the  superior  maxillary  bone,  above 
the  dens  caninus,  which  gives  attachment  to  thft 
oaninus  or  levator  angtili  oris  muscle. 

Canine  Ladgh,  Sardon'ic  laugh,  Risus  Cani'- 
nus seu  Sardon'icus  seu  Sardo'nius  seu  Sardanios 
seu  de  Sardo'nia  seu  involunta'rius  seu  spas'ticus, 
Tortu'ra  seu  Distor'sio  Oris,  Gelas'mus,  Sardi'~ 
asis,  Sardoni' asis.  Trismus  Sardon'icus  seu  cyn'- 
ieus,  Spasmus  musculorum  faciei  seu  cyn'icus,  Pro- 
sopospas'mus,  (F.)  Ris  canin,  R.  Sardonique-,  R. 
Sardonien,  R.  moqueur.  A  sort  of  laugh,  the  facial 
expression  of  which  is  produced  particularly  by 
the  spasmodic  contraction  of  the  Caninus  muscle. 
Probably,  this  expression,  as  well  as  Cynic  Spiasm, 
Spasmus  cani'nus  seu  cyn'icus,  Convul'sio  cani'na, 
Trismus  cyn'icus,  may  have  originated  in  the  re- 
semblance of  the  affection  to  certain  movements 
in  the  upper  lip  of  the  dog.  The  Risus  Sardon'- 
icus is  said  to  have  been  so  called  from  similar 
symptoms  having  been  induced  by  a  kind  of 
Ranunculus  —  R.  scelera'tus — that  grows  in  Sar- 
dinia. 

Canine  Teeth,  JDentes  Cani'ni  seu  Lania'rii 
seu  angxda'res  seu  ciisjnda'ti  seu  columella' res  seu 
ocida'res  seu  morden'tes,  Cynodon'tes,  Eye  Teeth, 
Pug  Teeth,  (¥.)  Dents  canines  ou  laniaires  ou  an- 
gulaires  ou  oculaires  ou  oeilleres  ou  cono'ides.  The 
teeth  between  the  lateral  incisors  and  small  mo- 
lares  of  each  jaw ;  —  so  named  because  they  re- 
semble the  teeth  of  the  dog. 

CANINUS,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  c.  Sentis, 
Rosa  canina — c.  Spasmus,  see  Canine  Laugh. 

CANIRAM.  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

CANIRAMINUM,  Brucine. 

CANIRUBUS,  Rosa  oanina. 

CANIS  INTERFECTOR,  Veratrum  sabadilla 
— e.  Ponticus,  Castor  fiber. 

CANIT"IES,  from  canus,  'white.'  Blanching, 
Whiteness  or  grayness  of  the  hair,  and  especially 
of  that  of  the  head — Ti-ichon'osis  polio'sis.  (F.) 
Canitie.  When  occurring  in  consequence  of  old 
age,  it  is  not  a  disease.  Sometimes  it  happen."? 
suddenly,  and  apparently  in  consequence  of  severe 
mental  emotion.  The  causes,  however,  are  not 
clear.     See  Poliosis. 


CANKER 


164 


CAPBERN 


CANKER,  Stomacace  — c.  of  the  Mouth,  Can- 
cer aquaticus. 

CANKER-RASH,  see  Cynanche  maligna. 
CANKER,  WATER,  Cancer  aquaticus. 
CANNA,  see  Tous-les-Mois,  Cassia  fistula. 
Trachea — c.  Braohii,  Ulna — c.  Domestica  cruris, 
Tibia— 0.  Edulis,  Tovs-lcn-Jlois — c.  Fistula,  Cas- 
sia fistula  —  c.  Lndica,  Sagittarium  alexipharma- 
cum — c.  Major,  Tibia^c.  Minor,  Fibula,  Radius 
— c.  Solutiva,  Cassia  fistula — e.  Starch,  Tous-les- 
Mijis. 

CANNABIN,  Bangue. 

CANNAB'INA,  from  Kavva/3i;,  'hemp.'  Reme- 
dies composed  of  Cannabis  Indica. — Pereira. 

Casnabina  Aquatica,  Eupatorium  canna- 
binum. 

CANNABIS  INDICA,  Bangue.  See,  also, 
Churrus. 

Can'nabiS  Sati'va,  (F.)  Chanvre,  Ckamhrie. 
The  seed  of  this — Hemi)seed,  Sem'iita  Gnn'nahin, 
(F.)  Chenevis  —  is  oily  and  mucilaginous.  The 
decoction  is  sometimes  used  in  gonorrhoea. 

CANNACORUS  RADICE  CROCEA,  Curcuma 
longa. 

CANNAMELLE,  see  Saccharum. 
GANNE  AROMATIQUE,  Acorus  calamus  — 
c.    Congo,  Costus  —  c.  de  Riviere,  Costus  —  c.  a 
Sucre,  see  Saccharum. 

CANNEBERGE,  .Vaccinium   o.xycoccos  —  c. 
Ponctuee,  Vaccinium  vitis  idasa. 
CANNEL,  Laurus  cinnamomum. 
CANNEL-BONE,  Clavicle. 
CANNEL-WATER,  Aqua^cinnamomi. 
CANNELE  ou   GANELE  (F.),  from  cmialis, 
'a   canal.'      Sidca'tus,   Stria'tus,    Gnnalicida' tus. 
Having  a  canal   or   groove  —  as  JilKscle   cannele 
(Lieutaud),  the  Gemini ;  Corps  canneles  ou  stries, 
the  Corpora  striata;  Sonde  cannelee,  a  grooved 
sound,  &c.     See  Grooved. 

CANNELL  BAYNE,  Clavicle. 
CANNELLE,  Laurus  cinnamomum  —  c. 
Blanche,  Canella  alba  —  c.  de  la  Chine,  Laurus 
cassia  —  c.  de  Coromandel,  Laurus  cassia  —  c. 
Fausse,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Giroflee,  Myrtus  cary- 
ophyllata  —  c.  des  Indes,  Laurus  cassia  • —  c.  de 
Java,  Laurus  cassia — c.  de  Malabar,  Laurus  cas- 
sia— c.  3Iatte,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Officinale,  Lau- 
rus cinnamomum  —  c.  Poivree,  see  Wintera  aro- 
matic a. 

CANNULA,  Canula. 
CANNULA  PULMONUM,  Bronchia. 
CANOPUM,  see  Sambucus. 
CANOR  STETHOSCOPICUS,   Tintement  ine- 
tallique. 

CANQUOIN'S  CAUSTIC  PASTE,  Pasta  zinci 
chloridi. 

CANTABRICA,  Convolvulus  Cantabriea. 
CANTABRUNO,  Furfur. 
CANTARELLUS,  Meloe  proscarab^us. 
CANTATIO,  Charm. 
CANTEL,  Vertex. 

CANTERBURY,  WATERS  OP,  Aqua  Can- 
tuarien'sea.  The  waters  of  Canterbury,  in  Kent, 
England,  are  impregnated  with  iron,  sulphur, 
and  carbonic  acid. 

CANTERIUM,  Cantherius.   ^ 
CANTHARIDE  TAG  HE  TEE.  Lytta  vittata. 
CANTHARIDINE,   see  Cantharis. 
CAN'THARIS,  from    Kav^apo^,   '  a  scaralxBns.' 
0.  vesicato'ria,  Musca  Hispanica,   2Iel'oe  vesica- 
to'rius,  Lytta  vesicato'ria,  Blis'tering  Fly,  Blister- 
fly,  Blisterheetle,  Spanish  Fly,  Fly,  (F.)  Cantlia- 
rides,  Mouches,  M.  d' Espagne.     This  fly — Order, 
Coleopterse  —  originally,   perhaps,    a   native    of 
Italy  and  Spain,  is  now  found  in  France,  Ger- 
many, Hungary,  Russia,  Siberia,  and  England. 
It  is,  however,  rare  in  the  last-named  country. 
It  is  found  in  species  of  Oleaoeee  —  as  the  ash, 
privet,  and  lilac;  and  of  Caprifoliacese  —  as  the 


elder  and  lonicera.  It  is  much  employed  in  me- 
dicine, and  is  the  most  common  vesicatory. 
Given  internally,  and  even  when  absorbed  from 
the  skin,  it  afie-cts  the  urinarj'  organs,  exciting 
strangury.  This  may  be  prevented,  in  cases  of 
blisters,  by  interposing  between  the  blistering 
plaster  and  skin  a  piece  of  tissue-paper.  Dilu- 
ents relieve  the  strangury.  Dose,  half  a  grain 
to  one  grain.  If  kept  dry,  the  flies  will  retain 
their  activity  for  many  years.  Their  active  prin- 
ciple —  Gan'tharidin,  Cantharidi'na  —  has  been 
separated  from  them. 

Ganlharis  vesicatoria  is  the  ordinary  blistering 
insect  used  in  Europe. 

Cantharis  seu  Lytta  vitfa'ta,  (which  see,)  and 
C.  ntra'ta,  G.  margina'ta,  and  C.  cine'rea,  of 
America;  C.  atoma'ria,  of  Brazil;  C.  ru'ficeps, 
of  Sumatra  and  Java;  G.  gigas,  Lytta  cwru'lea, 
of  Guinea  and  the  East  Indies;  C' viola' cea, 
Lytta  gigas  mas,  of  the  East  Indies;  C.  Syr'iaca, 
Lytta  seg'eiam,  of  Arabia;  ILyla'hris,  At.  punc- 
ta'ta,  M.  pustula'ta,  and  3L  cicho'rii,  of  China 
and  the  East  Indies;  3feloe  proscaraba'us,  and 
3L  maja'lis  or  True  May  worm — possess  similar 
properties. 

CANTHE'RIUS,  Gante'rium.  The  cross-piece 
of  wood  in  the  apparatus  used  by  Hippocrates  for 
reducing  luxations  of  the  humerus. 

CANTHI'TIS.  Inflammation  of  the  canthus 
of  the  eye. 

CANTHIUM  CORONATUM,  Randia  dume- 
torum. 

CANTHOPLAS'TICE,  Oan'thojjlasty,  (F.)  Can- 
thoplastie,  from  KavSog,  ''the  angle  of  the  eye,' and 
■r:\aaTiKos,  'formative.'  The  formation,  by  plastic 
operation,  of  the  angle  of  the  eye.  An  operation 
proposed  by  Ammon,  when  the  eyelids  are  not 
sufficiently  cleft. 

CANTHUM,  Candi. 

CANTHUS,  Epican'this,  An'gnhis  ocida'ris. 
Eons  lacryma'rum.  The  corner  or  angle  of  the 
eye.  The  greater  canthus  is  the  inner  angle, 
Hircus,  Hir'quus,  Rhanter ;  the  lesser  canthus, 
the  outer  angle,  Parop'ia,  Pega. 

CANTIA'NUS  PULVIS, 'Kent  Powder.'  A 
cordial  powder,  known  under  the  name  'Countess 
of  Kent's  Powder,'  composed  of  coral,  amber, 
crabs'  eyes,  prepared  pearls,  <tc.  It  was  given 
in  cancer. 

CANTTON,  Candi. 

CAN'ULA,  Can'nula,  Au'liscus,  Aulos.  Di- 
minutive of  Canna,  'a  reed;'  Tu'bulus,  (F.)  Ga- 
nule  ou  Gannule.  A  small  tube  of  gold,  silver, 
platinum,  iron,  lead,  wood,  elastic  gum,  or  gutta 
percha,  used  for  various  purposes  in  surgery. 

CA'OUTCHOUC.  The  Indian  name  for  In- 
dian Rubber,  Elas'tic  Gum,  Gum  Elastic,  Gummi 
elas'ticmn,  Gauchuc,  Resi'na  elas'tica  seu  Gayen- 
nen'sis,  Cayenne  Resin,  Gautchuc,  (F.)  Gomme 
elastique,  Risine  ilastique  ou  de  Cayenne.  A 
substance  formed  from  the  milky  juice  of  HcB'vea 
seu  Hevea  Guianen'sis,  Jat'ropha  elas'tica,  Si- 
pho'nih  Cahuchu,  S.  elas'tica,  Seringue  Tree,  and 
of  Fieu'i  Indica,  and  Artocar'pus  integrifo'lia: — 
South  American  trees.  It  is  insoluble  in  water 
and  alcohol:  but  boiling  water  softens  and  swells 
it.  It  is  soluble  in  the  essential  oils  and  in  ether, 
when  it  may  be  blown  into  bladders.  It  is  used 
in  the  fabrication  of  catheters,  bougies,  pessaries, 

CAP,  PITCH,  see  Depilatory. 

CAPACITY,  LUNG,  see  Vital  Capacity  —  c. 
Pulmonic,  see  Vital  Capacity. 

CAPA-ISIAKKA,  Bromeiia  annnas. 

CAPBERN,  WATERS  OF.  Capbern  is  in 
the  department  Hautes-Pyrcnees,  France.  The 
waters  contain  sulphates  aad  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  and  chloride  of  magnesium.  Tem- 
perature, 75°  Fahrenheit.     They  are  purgative. 


CAFELET 


165 


CAPSICUM 


CAPELET,  Myrtus  carophyllata. 

CAPELI'NA,  CapelU'na,  (F.)  Capeline.  A 
Woman's  Eat,  in  French ;  Capis'trum,  from  caput, 
'  head.'  A  sort  of  bandage,  ^vhich,  in  shape,  re- 
sembles a  riding-hood.  There  are  several  kinds 
of  Capeliues  : — 1.  That  of  the  head,  C.  de  la  tete, 
Fns'cia  capitu'Us.  See  Bonnet  d' Hippocrate.  C. 
of  the  clavicle,  employed  in  fractures  of  the  acro- 
mion, clavicle,  and  spine  of  the  scapula.  C.  of  an 
amputated  limb — the  bandage  applied  round  the 
stump. 

CAPELLINA,  Capelina. 

CAPER  BUSH,  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPER  PLANT,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

CAPERS,  see  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPETUS,  Imperforation. 

CAPHORA,  Camphor. 

CAPHURA,  Camphor. 

CAPILLAIRE,  Capillary,  see  Adiantum 
capillus  veneris  —  c.  da  Canada,  Adiantum  pe- 
datum  —  c.  de  Montpellier,  Adiantum  capillus 
veneris. 

CAPILLAMEN'TUM,  from  capillus,  'a  hair,' 
Cttpillit"  ium,  Tricho'ina,  Trichoma' tion.  Any 
villous  or  hairy  covering.  Also,  a  small  fibre  or 
fibril. 

CAP'ILLART,  Capilla'ris,  Capilla'ceus,  from 
coinllus,  '  a  hair.'  (F.)  Capillaire.  Hair-like ; 
small. 

Cap'illary  Vessels,  Vasa  capiUa'i-ia,  3Ii- 
cravgi'n,  Trichangi'a,  (F.)  Vaisseaux  capillaires, 
Ca])illicules,  are  the  extreme  radicles  of  the  ar- 
teries and  veins,  which  together  constitute  the 
capillarT/,  intermediate,  or  ^;er7'^i7(e?-«?  vascular 
si/stem,  —  the  methce'mata  or  tnethcematous  blood- 
channels  of  Dr.  Marshall  Hall.  They  possess  an 
action  distinct  from  that  of  the  heart,  but  not  one 
of  rhythmic  contraction  and  dilatation.  Formerly, 
it  was  conceived  that  white  vessels — Vasa  sero'sa 
—  or  vessels  so  minute  as  not  to  admit  red  cor- 
puscles, were  distributed  to  the  tissues  which  do 
not  receive  red  blood. 

CAPILLATIO,  Trichismus. 

CAPILLATUS,  Impuber. 

GAPILLIOULES,  Capillary  vesse.s. 

CAPILLITIUM,  Capillamentum,  Entropion, 
Scalp. 

CAPILLORUM  DEFLUVIUM,  Alopecia. 

CAPIL'LUS,  quasi  Capitis  Pilus,  Coma,  GhcBte, 
Crinis,  Pilus,  Thrix,  CcBSa'ries,  (F.)  Cheveu. 
This  term  is  generally  applied  to  the  hair  of  the 
head,  Pili  seu  Honor  eap'itis,  the  characters  of 
which  vary  according  to  races,  individuals,  &c. 
Hairs  arise  in  the  areolar  membrane,  where  the 
bulb  is  placed,  and  are  composed  of  two  parts- — 
one,  external,  transparent,  and  of  an  epidermoid 
character;  the  other,  internal  and  sui  generis, 
which,  in  the  opinion  of  some,  communicates  to 
them  their  colour.  The  hair  is  insensible,  and 
grows  from  the  root. 

Capillus  Veneris,  Adiantum  capillus  veneris 
— c.  V.  Canadensis,  Adiantum  pedatum. 

CAPIPLE'IflUM,  Capitiple'nium,  from  caput, 
'the  head,'  audplenum,  'full.'  A  word  employed 
with  different  significations.  A  variety  of  catarrh. 
—  Schneider.  A  heaviness  or  disorder  in  the 
head  common  at  Rome,  like  the  Kapii^aiHu,  Care- 
baria,  of  the  Greeks. — Baglivi. 
CAPISTRATIO,  Phimosis. 
CAPISTRUM,  Capeline,  Chevestre,  Trismus— 
c.  Auri,  Borax. 

Capis'trusi,  Phimos,  Cemos,  K-qfioi;,  'a  halter.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  several  bandages 
for  the  head.     See  Capeline,  Chevestre. 

CAPITALIA  REMEDIA,  Cephalic  remedies. 
CAPITALIS,  Cephalic. 
CAPITELLUM,  Alembic,  see  Caput. 
CAPITEUX,  Heady. 


CAPITILU'VIUM,  from  caput,  'the  head,'  and 
lavare,  '  to  wash.'     A  bath  for  the  head. 
CAPITIPLENIUM,  Capiplenium. 
CAPITIPURGIA,  Caput  purgia. 
CAPITIT'F.AHA,  from  caput,  'the  head,' and 
trahere,  '  to  draw.'     Instruments  which,  like  the 
forceps,  draw  down  the  head  of  the  foetus  when 
impacted  in  the  pelvis. 

CAPITO'NES,  from  caput, '  the  head.'  Ifacro- 
ceph'ali,  Proceph'ali.  Foetuses  whose  heads  are 
so  large  as  to  render  labour  difficult.  The  con- 
dition is  called  3Iacrocepha' Ua. 

CAPITULUM,  Alembic,   Condyle,  see    Caput 
— c.  Costas,  see  Costa — c.  Laryngis,  Corniculum 
laryngis  —  e.  Martis,  Eryngium  campestre  —  c. 
Santorini,  Corniculum  laryngis. 
CAPITULUVIUM,  Bath  (head). 
CAPNISMOS,  Fumigation. 
CAPNITIS.,  Tutia. 

CAPNOIDES  CAVA,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 
CAPXORCHIS,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 
CAPNOS,  Fumaria. 
capon;  Cagot. 

CAPON  SPRINGS.  A  pleasant  summer  re- 
treat, situated  in  a  gorge  of  the  North  Mountain, 
in  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  23  miles  W.  of  Winchester. 
The  waters  in  the  vicinity  are  sulphurous  and 
chalybeate;  —  those  at  the  springs  alkaline  and 
diuretic. 

CAPOT,  Cagot. 

CAP'PARIS  SPINO'SA,  Cap'pnris,  Cappar, 
Ca'pria,  Pricldy  Caper  Bush,  (F.)  Cdprier.  Ord. 
Capparideae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Monogynia. 
The  bark  of  the  root  and  the  buds  have  been  es- 
teemed astringent  and  diuretic.  The  buds  are  a 
well-known  pickle — Capers,  (F.)  Cdpres. 

Capparis  Baduc'ca,  Baduk'ha.  A  species  of 
caper,  cultivated  in  India  on  account  of  the  beauty 
of  its  flowers.  The  Orientals  make  aliniment  with 
its  juice,  with  which  they  rub  pained  parts.  The 
flowers  are  purgative. 

CAPPONE,  WATERS  OF.  At  Cappone,  in  the 
isle  of  Ischia,  are  waters  containing  carbonate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 
Temp.  100°  Fahr. 

CAPREOLA'RIS,  from  capreolus,  'a  tendril.' 
Cisso'i'des,  EUcdi'des,  (F.)  Capjreolaire.     Twisted. 
Capreola'ria  Vasa.     Some  have  called  thus 
the  spermatic  arteries  and  veins,  on  account  of 
their  numerous  contortions. 
CAPREOLUS,  Helix. 
CAPRES,  see  Capparis  spinosa. 
CAPRIA,  Capparis  spinosa. 
CAPRICORNUS,  Plumbum. 
CAPBIEPl,  Capparis  spinosa. 
CAPRIFOLIA,  Lonicera  periclymenum. 
CAPRIFOLIUMDISTINCTUM,Lonicerape- 
riolymenum — c.  Periclymenum,  Lonicera  pericly- 
menum— c. Semper vivens,  Lonicera sempervivens, 
— c.  Sylvaticum.  Lonicera  periclymenum. 
CAPRILOQUIUM,  Egophony. 
CAPRTZANS  PULSUS,  see  Pulse,  caprizant. 
CAPSA,  Botte,  Capsule,  Case— c.  Cordis,  Peri- 
cardium. 

CAPSARIUM,  Boitier. 

CAPSELLA  BURSA  PASTORIS,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

CAPSICUM,  see  Capsicum  annuum. 
Cap'sicum  An'nuum,  C.  Hinpan'icum,  from 
Ka-KToi,  'I  bite.'  The  systematic  name  of  the  plant 
whence,  in  part,  Cayenne  Pepper  is  obtained, — 
Piper  In'dicum  seu  Hispan'icum  seu  Brazilia'- 
num  seu  Guineen'se  seu  Calecu'ticum  seu  Tur'ci- 
cum  seu  Lusitan'icum,  Sola'num  urens,  Siliquas'- 
trum  Plin'ii,  Cayenne  or  Guinea  or  Chilli  Pepper. 
Garden  Ginger,  (F.)  Ptment,  Poiv)-e  d' Inde,  Poivru 
de  Guinee,  Corail  des  Jar-dins.  Ordc,  Solanese. 
The  pungent,  aromatic  properties  of  Baccm  Cap- 


CAP  SI  QUE 


1C6 


CAR ANN A 


Bid,  Cap'sioum  Berries,  Capsicum  (Ph.  U.  S.))  are 
yielded  to  ether,  alcohol,  and  water.  They  are 
highly  stimulant  and  rubefacient,  and  are  used  as 
a  condiment.  Their  active  principle  is  called 
Capsiein. 

Capsicum  Hispajhcuji,  Capsicum  annuum. 

CAPSIQ  UE,  Capsicum  annuum. 

CAPSITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

CAPSULA,  Bolder  —  c.  Articiilaris,  Capsular 
ligament  —  c  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  c.  Dentis, 
Dental  follicle  —  c.  Humoris  aquei,  see  Aqueous 
humour  of  the  eye — c.  Lentis,  see  Crystalline — e. 
Nervorum,  Neurilemma  —  c.  Sequestralis,  see 
Sequestrum. 

CAPSULE  SEMINALES,  Vesiculee  S.  — c. 
Synoviales,  Bursas  mucosae. 

CAPSULAIRE,  Capsular. 

CAP'SULAR,  Capsula'ris,  (F.)  Capsulaire. 
Relating  to  a  capsula  or  capsule. 

Capsular  Arteries,  Suprare'nal  Arteries  and 
Veins.  Vessels  belonging  to  the  suprarenal  cap- 
sules. They  are  divided  into  superior,  middle, 
and  inferior.  The  iirst  proceed  from  the  inferior 
phrenic,  the  second  from  the  aorta,  and  the  third 
from  the  renal  artery  The  corresponding  veins 
enter  the  phrenie,  vena  cava,  and  renal. 

Capsular  Cataract,  see  Cataract. 

Capsular  Lig'amext,  Ligamen'tum  capsula're, 
Cap'sula  artieula'ris,  Artic'idar  or  Fibrous  cap- 
sule, (F.)  Ligament  capsulaire,  Capsule  articu- 
laire,  Capsule  fihreux,  &c.  Membranous,  fibrous, 
and  elastic  bags  or  capsules,  of  a  whitish  consist- 
ence, thick,  and  resisting,  -which  surround  joints. 

CAPSULE,  Capi'snla,  Cnpsa,  a  box,  or  case, 
(F.)  Capsule.  This  name  has  been  given,  by  ana- 
tomists, to  parts  bearing  no  analogy  to  each  other. 

Capsule,  Bowjian's,  see  Kidney — c.  Cellular, 
of  the  Eye,  see  Eye— e.  Fibrous,  Capsular  liga- 
ment. 

Capsule,  Gelat'inous,  Cap'sula  gelat'incB, 
(F.)  Capsule  gelatineuse,  Capsule  of  gelatin.  A 
modern  invention  by  -which  copaiba  and  other 
disagreeable  oils  can  be  enveloped  in  gelatin  so 
as  to  conceal  their  taste. 

Capsule  op  Gljsson,  Cap'sula  GLisso'sn  seu 
commu'nis  Glisso'xii,  Yagi'na  Portce,  V.  Glis- 
So'nii.  a  sort  of  membrane,  described  by  Glis- 
son,  which  is  nothing  more  than  dense  areolar 
membrane  surrounding  the  vena  porta  and  its 
ramifications  in  the  liver. 

Capsule  of  the  Heart,  Pericardium— c.  Ocu- 
lar, see  Eye. 

Capsule,  Renal,  Suprare'nal  or  Atrahil'- 
iary  C,  Renal  Gland,  Glnn'dula  suprarena'lis, 
Cap'sula  rena'lis  seu  suprarena'lis  seu  atrabilia'- 
ris,  Ben  succenturia'tus,  Xephrid'ium,  (F.)  Cap- 
sule surrenah  ou  atrahiliaire.  A  flat  triangular 
body,  which  covers  the  upper  part  of  the  kidney, 
as  with  a  helmet.  A  hollow  cavity  in  the  interior 
contains  a  brown,  reddish  or  yellowish  fluid.  The 
renal  capsules  were  long  supposed  to  be  the  secre- 
tory organs  of  the  fancied  atrabilis.  They  are 
much  larger  in  the  foetus  than  in  the  adult. 
They  are  probably  concerned  in  lymphosis. 

A  singular  condition  of  cachexia,  the  leading 
characteristics  of  which  are  anasmia,  general  lan° 
guor  and  debility;  remarkable  feebleness  of  the 
heart's  action;  irritability  of  the  stomach,  and  a 
peculiar  bronzed  skin,  was  first  described  by  Dr. 
Thos.  Addison,  of  London,  as  connected  with  a 
diseased  condition  of  the  supra-renal  capsules. 
It  has  been  proposed  to  call  it  the  Disease  of  Ad- 
dison, (F.)  Maladie  d'A^ddison. 

Capsule,  Seji'inal,  Cap'sula  semina'Us.  Bar- 
tholine  thus  designates  the  extremity  of  the  vas 
deferens,  which  is  sensibly  dilated  in  tbe  vicinity 
of  the  vesiculie  seminales.  Some  anatomists  ap- 
ply this  name  to  the  vesiculse  themselves. 

Capsule,  Syno'vial,  Cqmda  Synovia'lis.     A 


membranous  bag,  surrounding  the  movable  arti- 
culations and  canals,  which  gives  passage  to  ten- 
dons. Synovial  capsules  exhale,  from  their  arti- 
cular surface,  a  fluid,  whose  function  is  to  favour 
the  motions  of  parts  upon  each  other.  See  Bursa 
mucosa,  and  Synovia. 

CAPSULE  SUERENALE  ou  ATBABI- 
LIABE,  Capsule,  renal. 

CAPSULITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

CAPUCHON.  Trapezius. 

CAPUCINE,  Tropaeolum  majus. 

CAPULIES,  Prunus  capulin, 

CAPULUS,  Scrotum. 

CAPUT,  'the  head.'  Also,  the  top  of  a  bone 
or  other  part,  (F.)  Tete.  The  head  of  small 
bones  is  sometimes  termed  eapiit' ulum,  captiteW um, 
cephalid'iurn,  ceph'alis,  cephal'ium.  Also,  the 
glans  penis. 

Caput  Asperse  Arteri^e,  Larynx  —  c.  Coli, 
Csecum — c.  Gallrnaceum,  see  Gallinaginis  caput 
— c.  Gallinaginis,  see  Gallinaginis  caput — c.  Ge- 
nitale,  Glans — c.  Lubricum,  Penis — c.  Major,  see 
Epididymis  —  c.  Minor,  see  Epididymis  —  c.  Mo- 
nachi,  Leontodon  Taraxacum — c.  Obstipum,  Tor- 
ticollis— c.  Penis,  Glans. 

Caput  Pur'gia,  Capiti2')ur'gia.  Remedies, 
which  the  ancients  regarded  as  proper  for  purg- 
ing the  head  : — errhines,  sternutatories,  apopihleg- 
matisantia,  &c.  Prosper  Alpinus  makes  the  capjut 
purgia  to  be  the  same  as  errhines ;  and  the  npo- 
p)hlegmatismi  the  same  as  the  masticatories  of 
the  moderns. 

Caput  Scapula,  Acromion. 

Caput  Succepa'seum.  A  term  sometimes  used 
for  the  tumefied  scalp,  which  first  presents  in 
certain  cases  of  labour. 

Caput  Testis,  Epididymis. 

CA  Q  VE-SANO  UE,  Cague-sangue.  01  d  Fren ct 
words  which  signify  Bloody  evacuations,  (F.)  Z>e. 
jeetions  sanguinolentes.  They  come  from  cacare, 
'  to  go  to  stool,'  and  sanguis,  '  blood.'  Under 
this  term  was  comprehended  every  affection  in 
which  blood  is  discharged  from  the  bowels. 

CARA  SCHULLI,  Frutex  In'dicus  spino'sus, 
Barle'ria  buxifo'lia.  A  Malabar  plant,  which, 
when  applied  externally,  is  maturative  and  resol- 
vent. The  decoction  of  its  root  is  used,  in  the 
countrj^,  in  ischuria. 

CARABAC'CIUM.  An  aromatic  wood  of  In- 
dia, of  a  yellowish  colour,  and  a  smell  like  that 
of  the  clove.  Its  decoction  and  infusion  are 
given  as  stomachics  and  antiscorbutics. 

CAR'ABUS.  A  genus  of  coleopterous  insects. 
Two  species,  the  chrysoceph'alus  and  ferrugin'eus 
have  been  recommended  for  the  toothach.  They 
must  be  pressed  between  the  fingers,  and  then 
rubbed  on  the  gum  and  tooth  affected. 

CARACTERE,  Character,  Symbol. 

CARAGNA,  Caranna. 

CARAMATA,  Arumari.  A  tree  in  the  inland 
parts  of  Pomeroon.  It  furnishes  a  febrifuge  bark, 
which  Dr.  Hancock  says  may  be  used  in  typhoid 
and  remittent  fevers  where  cinchona  is  either 
useless  or  pernicious. 

CARAMBOLO,  Averrhoa  carambola. 

CARAMEL,  Sac'charum  piercoc'turn  seu  tos- 
ium.  Sugar  subjected  to  the  action  of  heat,  until 
it  is  partly  decomposed,  deliquescent,  of  a  brown 
colour,  and  a  strong,  agreeable  and  empyreumatic 
odour. 

CARAN'NA,  Caragna,  Tacamaha'ca,  Caragna, 
Caran'ncB  Gummi,  G.  Brel'isis,  G^irn  Caran'na, 
(F.)  Ca.ragne,  Oornme  Caragne  ou  Carane.  A 
gum-resinous  substance,  whicli  flows  from  a  large 
tree  in  New  Spain,  and  is  obtained  from  South 
America  in  impure  masses.  It  preserves  its  soft- 
ness for  a  long  time,  has  an  aromatic  smell,  and 
a  slightly  acid  and  bitter  taste.  It  was  formerly 
!  used  as  a  vulnerary  and  in  plasters. 


CARAWAY 


16: 


CARCINOMA 


CARAWAY,  Carum. 

CARAWAY  SEEDS,  see  Carum. 

C  ARE  AS  A,  Linteum. 

CARBASUS,  Linteum.  : 

CARBO,    Carbon,    (F.)    Carhone.    An    elemen-  • 
tary  body,  extensively  distributed  in  nature;  but 
of  wliicb  the  two  following  forms  are  officinal  in 
the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States.     Also, 
a  coal,  charcoal. 

Caubo  Lisni,  Charcoal  (F.)  Cfiarbon.  Fresh 
Charcoal  is  antiseptic.  It  is  used  to  improve  the 
digestive  organs  in  cases  of  worms,  dyspepsia, 
&c. ;  as  a  cataplasm  to  gangrenous  and  fetid 
ulcers,  tinea,  &c.,  and  forms  a  good  tooth-powder. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j.     Also,  Antlirax. 

Carbo  Anima'lis,  C.  camis,  Animal  charcoal, 
(F.)  Charbon  animal,  usually  prepared  by  sub- 
jecting bones  to  a  red  beat  in  close  vessels.  The 
result  is  Bone  black,  commonly  called  Ivory  black. 
(F.)  Noir  animal  ou  d'os.  It  is  given  in  the 
same  cases  as  Carbo  Ligni,  and  has  been  extolled 
in  cancer.     Dose,  gr.  ss  to  gr.  iij. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  con- 
tains a  formula  for  the  preparation  of  Carbo 
Anijia'lis  Purifica'tus,  Purified  animal  char- 
coal {Carbon,  animal.  Ibj ;  Acid  muriat.,  Aqua 
aa  f^^xij).  Pour  the  muriatic  acid,  previously 
mixed  with  the  water,  gradually  upon  the  char- 
coal, and  digest  with  a  gentle  heat  for  two  days, 
occasionally  stirring  the  mixture.  Having  al- 
lowed the  undissolved  portion  to  subside,  pour 
off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  charcoal  fre- 
quently with  water  until  it  is  entirely  free  from 
acid,  and  lastly  dry  it. 

Carbo  Fos'silis,  Lithanthrax,  Stone  coal. 

Carbo  Huma'num.  The  human  excrement. — 
Paracelsus. 

Carbo  Ligst,   Carbo  —  c.  Mineralis,  Graphites 

—  e.  Palpebrarum,  Anthracosis  —  c.  Spongiee, 
Spongia  usta. 

CARBOX,  Carbo — e.  Sesqui-iodide  of,  Carbonis 
sesqui-iodidum — -c.  Bisulphuret  of,  Carbonis  sul- 
phuretum — c.  Sesquichloride  of,  Carbonis  trichlo- 
ridum — c.  Sulphide  of,  Carbonis  sulphuretum — e. 
Sulphuret  of,  Carbonis  sulphuretum — c.  Terchlo- 
ride  of,  Carbonis  trichloridum,  see  Chloroform. 

CAR'BOXAS  or  CARBO'NAS.  A  carbonate. 
(T.)  Carbonate.  A  salt,  formed  by  the  combina- 
tion of  carbonic  acid  with  a  salifiable  base. 

Carbosas  Natriccm,  Sodae  carbonas — c.  Plum- 
bicus,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

CARBON-ATE  D'AM3I0N1AQUE,  Ammo- 
nise  carbonas. 

CAR'BOXATED,  Carbona'tiis,  Aera'tus,  (F.) 
Carbone,  Acre.  That  which  is  impregnated  with 
carbonic  acid. 

CARBONE,  Carbon  — c.  Trichlorure  de,  Car- 
bonis trichloridum. 

CARBONE,  Carbonated. 

CARBOlN^EUM  CHLORATUM,  Chloroform. 

CARBOX'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Carbon'icum, 
Solid  Air  of  Hales,  Factitious  or  Fixed  Air, 
Carbona'ceous  or  Calca'reous  or  Aerial  or  Jfephit'- 
ic  Acid,  llephit'ic  Air,  Spir'itus  letha'lis,  (F.) 
Acide  Carbonique.  This  gas,  which  neither  sup- 
ports respiration  nor  combustion,  is  not  often 
used  in  medicine.  It  is  the  main  agent  in  effer- 
vescent draughts,  fermenting  poultices,  &c.  It 
is  often  found  occupying  the  lower  parts  of  mines 

—  when  it  is  called  the  choke  damp  —  caverus, 
tombs,  wells,  brewers'  vats,  <fcc.,  and  not  unfre- 
quently  has  been  the  cause  of  death.  Lime 
thrown  into  such  places  soon  absorbs  the  acid. 

CARB0XI3  SESQUICHLORIDUM,  Carbonis 
trichloridum. 

CARBO'NIS  SESQUI-IOD'IDUM,  C.  Sesqui- 
lodnre'tum.  Sesqui-I'odide  or  Sesqui-Iod'uret  of 
Carbon.  This  is  made  by  mixing  concentrated 
alcoholic  solutions  of  iodine   and  potassa,  until 


the  former  loses  its  colour;  a  solution  is  obtaineJ 
from  which  water  throws  down  a  yellow  precipi- 
tate—  the  sesqui-iodide  of  carbon.  It  has  been 
used  in  enlarged  glands  and  in  some  cutaneous 
affections,  applied  externally,  (^ss  to  ^vj  of 
cerate).     See  Iodoform. 

Carbo'xiS  Sulphcre'tum,  S'dph'uris  Carbii- 
re' turn,  Sulphure'tum  seu  Sul'fidum  Carbo' nu, 
Carbo'nium  Sulphura'tum,  Al'cohol  Sul'pjlniris, 
Bisulphure'tum  Carbo' nii,  Sulphuret,  Sidphide  or 
Bisulphuret  of  Carbon,  Carburet  of  Sulphur,  (F.) 
Sulfur e  de  Carhone,Carbure  de  Soufre,Soufre  Car- 
bure,  Alcool  de  Soufre.  This  transparent,  colour- 
less fluid,  which  has  a  very  penetrating,  disa- 
greeable odour,  and  a  taste  which  is  cooling  at 
first,  but  afterwards  acrid  and  somewhat  aroma- 
tic, is  a  diffusible  excitant.  It  is  diaphoretic, 
diuretic,  and  has  been  said  to  have  proved  em- 
menagogue.  It  is  also  used  in  nervous  diseases 
as  an  antispasmodic.  Dose,  one  drop  to  four, 
repeated  frequently. 

It  is  used  externally,  where  a  cooling  influence 
has  to  be  rapidly  exerted,  and  has  been  inhaled 
as  an  ansestlaetic. 

Carbo'xis  Trichlo'ridum,  C.  Sesqui-cMo'ri- 
clum,  Terchloride  or  Sesquichloride  of  Carbon, 
(F.)  Trichlorure  OU  Sesquichlorure de  Cctrhone,\S 
formed  by  the  action  of  Chlorine  on  Chloroliy- 
dric  e/7;e;-,  under  the  influence  of  sun-light.  It  has 
been  given  in  cholera,  and  applied  to  correct  the 
fetor  of  foul  ulcers.    Dose,  four  grains  or  more. 

CARBONIUM  SULPHURATUM,  Carbonis 
sulphuretum. 

CARBUNCLE,  Anthrax. 

Carbuncle,  Fungous,  Terminthus. 

Carbuncle  of  the  Tongue,  Glossanthrax — c. 
Berry,  Terminthus. 

CARBUXCLED  FACE,  Gutta  rosea. 

CARBUXCULAR  EXAXTHEM,  Antbracia. 

CARBUXCULATIO  OCULI,  Blepharanthra- 
cosis. 

CARBUXCULUS,  Anthrax  — c.  Anginosus, 
Cynanche  maligna — c.  Contagiosus,  see  Anthrax 
—  c.  Gallicus,  see  Anthrax  —  c.  Hungaricus,  see 
Anthrax — c,  Labiorum  et  genarum.  Cancer  aqua- 
ticus— c.  Polonicus,  see  Anthrax — c.  Pulmonum, 
Xecropneumonia — c.  Septentrionalis, see  Anthrax. 

Carbun'culus  Rubi'xus.  A  red,  shining,  and 
transparent  stone,  from  the  Isle  of  Ceylon;  for- 
merly employed  in  medicine  as  a  preservative 
against  several  poisons,  the  plague,  &c. 

Carbunculus  Ulcusculosus,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

CARBURE  DE  SOUFRE,  Carbonis  sulphu- 
retum. 

CAR'CAROS,  from  KapKatpoi,  'I  resound,'  'I 
tremble.'  A  fever,  in  which  the  patient  has  a 
general  tremor,  accompanied  with  an  unceasing 
noise  in  the  ears. 

CARCIXODES,  Cancroid,  Chancreuse. 

CARCIXOIDES,  Cancroid. 

CARCI'SO'MA,  Karkino'ma,  Cancero'ma,  Can- 
cro'ma,  from  KapKivog,  'a  crab.'  Some  authors 
have  thus  called  indolent  tumours  different  from 
cancer;  others,  incipient  cancer;  and  others, 
again,  the  species  of  cancer  in  which  the  affected 
structure  assumes  the  appearance  of  cerebral  sub- 
stance: but  the  majority  of  authors  use  Carcino- 
ma in  the  same  sense  as  Cancer. 

Carcinoma  Alveolare,  Colloid — c.  Epitheli- 
odes.  Epithelial  Cancer — c.  Fibrosum,  Seirrhus 
— c.  Haematodes,  Hsematodes  fungus — c.  Intesti- 
norum,  Enteropathiacancerosa — c.  Lingua?,  Glos- 
socarcinoma — c.  of  the  Liver,  Hepatoscirrhus — c. 
Medullare,  Encephaloid — c.  Melanodes,  Cancer, 
melanotic — e.  Melanoticum,  Cancer,  melanotic — 
c.  Simplex,  Seirrhus  —  c.  Spongiosum,  Encepha- 
loid, Haematodes  fungus — c.  Scroti,  Cancer,  chim- 
ney-sweepers'— c.  Uteri,  Metrocaroinoma,  Metro. 


CARCINOMATOUS 


168 


CARDIECTASIS 


scirrbus — c.  Ventriculi,  Gastroscirrhus  ;  see  Gas- 
trostenosis  eardiaca  et  pylorica. 

CARCINOMATOUS,  Carcinomato'sus,  (F.) 
Carciiwmateux.     Relating  to  Carcinoma. 

CARCINOME  310 U  ET  SPONGIEUX,  En- 
ceplialoid  —  c.  Sanglant,  Encephaloid,  Htema- 
todes  fungus. 

CARCINOS,  Cancer. 

CARCINO'SES,  (G.)  Karcinosen,  from  xap- 
Kti>os,  'a  crab.'  A  family  of  diseases,  according 
to  the  classification  of  Fuchs;  whicb  embraces 
the  diiferent  forms  of  Cancer. 

CARCINOSUS,  Cancerous. 

CARCINUS,  SPONGIOSUS,  Encephaloid. 

CARDAMANTICA,  Cardamine  pratensis,  Le- 
pidium  Iberis. 

CARDAMINDUM  MAJUS,  Tropaeolum 
inajus. 

CARDAMINE  FONTANA,  Sisymbrium  nas- 
turtium— c.  Nasturtium,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

Cardami'ne  Praten'sis,  Cardami'ne,  Carda- 
man'tica,  Nastur'tium  Aquat'icum,  Car'damon, 
Call  flos,  Ihe'ria  so])h'ia,  Nastur'tium  praten'se, 
Ladies-smock,  Cuckoo-flower,  Common  Bitter 
Cress,  Meadow  Cress,  (F.)  Cresson  elegant  ou  des 
pres,  Passerage  saiivage.  Ord.  Crueiferse.  The 
flowers  have  been  considered  useful  as  antispas- 
modics, in  the  dose  of  gj.  to  ^ij.  They  are  pro- 
bably inert. 

CARDAMOM,  Cardamo'mum  (F.)  Cardamome. 
The  name  of  the  fruit  of  various  species  of 
Amomum  and  Elettaria,  respecting  the  botanical 
history  of  which  there  has  been  much  confusion. 

CARDAiroM,  Bengal,  Amomum  maximum — c. 
Cluster,  Amomum  cardamomum  —  c.  Greater, 
Amomum  Grana  Paradisi — -c.  Java,  Amomum 
maximum  —  c.  Lesser,  Amomum  cardamomum — 
c.  Nepal,  Amomum  maximum — e.  Round,  Amo- 
mum cardamomum. 

CARDAMOME,  Amomum  cardamomum  —  c. 
de  la  Cote  de  3Ialahar,  Amomum  cardamomum. 

CARDAMOMUM  MAJUS,  Amomum  grana 
paradisi  —  c.  Minus,  Amomum  cardamomum  —  c. 
Piperatum,  Amomum  grana  paradisi — c.  Rotun- 
dum,  Amomum  cardamomum — c.  Wild,  Fagaras- 
trum  Capense. 

CARDAMON,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CARDA^MUM  MAJUS,  Tropaiolum  majus. 

CARDERE,  Dipsacus  sylvestris — c.  CultivS, 
Dipsacus  fullonum. 

CARDIA,  Kapiia,  'the  heart.'  Stom'aehus, 
Orific"imn  sinis'trum  seu  Ingres'sus  supe'rior 
seu  Ostium  cesophage'um  ventric'uU.  The  supe- 
rior or  oesophageal  orifice  of  the  stomach.  Also, 
the  Heart. 

OAR'DIAC,  Cardi'aeus,  from  KapBia,  'the 
heart;'  or  the  upper  orifice  of  the  stomach.  (P.) 
Cardiaque.  Relating  to  the  heart,  Carditic, 
Car'diul,  (F.)  Cardiaire,  Carditique, —  or  to  the 
upper  orifice  of  the  stomach.     A  cordial. 

Cardiac  Ar'teries,  Cor'onary  arteries,  (F.) 
Arteres  cardiaques  ou  coronaires,  are  two  in 
number.  They  arise  from  the  aorta,  a  little  above 
the  free  edge  of  the  sigmoid  valves,  and  are  dis- 
tributed on  both  surfaces  of  the  heart. 

Car'diac  Gan'glion,  Gan'glion  cardi'acum, 
situated  beneath  the  arch  of  the  aorta,  to  the 
right  side  of  the  ligament  of  the  ductus  arteriosus. 
It  receives  the  superior  cardiac  nerves  of  opposite 
sides  of  the  neck,  and  a  branch  from  the  pneu- 
mogastric,  and  gives  off  numerous  branches  to 
the  cardiac  plexuses. 

Cardiac  Nkrves,  (F.)  Nerfs  cardiaques.  These 
are  commonly  three  on  each  side;  a  superior, 
middle,  and  inferior,  which  are  furnished  by  cor- 
responding cervical  ganglia.  Commonly,  there 
are  but  two  on  the  left  side ;  the  upper  and  mid- 
dle, which  draw  their  origin  from  the  last  two 
cervical   ganglia.     Scarpa   calls   the   superior — 


Cardi' acus  superjicia'lis  ;  the  middle — C.profun'- 
dus  seu  magnus  ;  and  the  inferior — C.  2)arvris 
sen  minor.  There  are,  besides.  Cardiac  fil'aments, 
(F.)  Filets  cardiaques,  furnished  by  the  par  va- 
gum  or  pneumo-gastric  nerve,  which  become 
confounded  with  the  above. 

Cardiac  Plexus,  Plexus  cardi' acus.  There 
are  three  cardiac  plexuses.  1.  The  great  cardiac 
plexus  is  situated  upon  the  bifurcation  of  the  tra- 
chea. It  is  formed  by  the  convergence  of 
the  middle  and  inferior  cardiac  nerves;  and  by 
branches  from  the  pneumogastric,  descendens 
noni,  and  first  thoracic  ganglion.  2.  The  anterior 
cardiac  plexus  is  situated  in  front  of  the  ascend- 
ing aorta  near  its  origin.  It  is  formed  by  fila- 
ments from  the  superior  cardiac  nerves;  from 
the  cardiac  ganglion ;  and  from  the  great  cardiac 
plexus.  Filaments  from  this  plexus  ac-company 
the  left  coronary  artery,  and  form  the  anterior 
coronary  plexus.  3.  'Yhs  posterior  cardiac  plexus 
is  seated  upon  the  posterior  part  of  the  ascending 
aorta  near  its  origin.  It  is  formed  by  numerous 
branches  from  the  great  cardiac  plexus.  It 
divides  into  two  sets  of  branches,  which  together 
constitute  the  ^:)osferi'oj'  coronary  plexus. 

Cardiac  Veins,  Coronary  Veins,  (F.)  Yeinea 
Cardiaques,  are  commonly  four  in  number;  two 
anterior  and  two  posterior.  They  open  into  the 
right  auricle  by  one  orifice,  which  is  furnished 
with  a  valve,  and  is  called,  by  Portal,  Sinus  coro- 
naire  du  Cosur. 

CARDIACA  CRISPA,  Leonurus  eardiaca  — 
c.  Passio,  Cardialgia  —  c.  Trilobata,  Leonurus 
eardiaca  —  c.  Vulgaris,  Leonurus  eardiaca. 

CARDIACUS,  Cordial,  StomachaL 

CARDIAGMUS,  Cardialgia. 

CARDI'AGRA,  Affec'tio  arthrit'ica  cordis; 
from  Kapiia,  'the  heart,'  and  aypa,  'seizure.' 
Gout  of  the  heart,  Cardialgia. 

CARDIAG'RAPHY,  Cardiagra'pMa,  from 
KupSta,  'the  heart,'  and  ypa(prj,  'a  description.' 
An  anatomical  description  of  the  heart. 

CARDIAIRE,  see  Cardiac. 

CARDIAL,  see  Cardiac. 

CARDIAL'GIA,  Cardi'aca  Passio,  Col'ica 
Yentric'idi,  Spasmus  Ventric'uU,  Perodyn'ia, 
Cordo' Hum,  Cardilm' a,  Dyspiepsodyn'ia,  Dyspep- 
siodyn'ia,  Dyspeptodyn'ia,  Peratodyn'ia,  Car- 
diod'yne,  Gastrodyn'ia,  GastraVgia,  GasteraV gia, 
Gastrocol'ia,  Gustrod'yne,  Pas'sio  Cardi'aca, 
Stomachal' gia,  Stomacal'gia,  Cardi'aeus  3forbus, 
Cardiog'mus,  Cardial' gy  ;  from  Kaphia,  'the  car- 
diac orifice  of  the  stomach,'  and  a\yog,  '  pain.' 
Pain  of  the  stomach,  (F.)  Douleur  de  I' Estomac, 
D.  nevralgique  de  I' Estomac.  Also,  Heartburn, 
(F.)  Cardialgie,  Ardeur  d' Estomac,  A.  du  Goeur. 
Impaired  appetite,  with  gnawing  or  burning  pain 
in  the  stomach  or  epigastrium, — Jlorsus  seu  ardor 
ventric'uU,  Morsus  stom'achi.  Soda,  Limo'sis  car- 
dial'gia  mordens,  Rosio  Stom'achi  seu  Ventric'- 
uU: —  a  symptom  of  dyspepsia. 

Cardialgia  Inflammatoria,  Gastritis  —  c. 
Sputatoria,  Pyrosis. 

CARDIALbG"IA,  from  KapSia,  'the  heart,' 
and  Xoyof,  'a  discourse.'    A  treatise  on  the  heart. 

CARDIANASTROPHE,  Ectopia  cordis. 

CARDIABCTIE,  Heart,  concentric  hypertro- 
phy of  the.  Contraction  of  the  cavities  of  the 
heart. 

CARDIA'RIUS;  same  etymology.  A  name 
given  to  a  worm,  said  to  have  been  found  in  the 
heart  or  pericardium. 

CARDIATOM'IA,  from  Kapiia,  'the  heart.' 
and  Ttfivciv,  'to  cut.'     Dissection  of  the  heart. 

CARDIATROPHIA,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the. 

CARDIAUXE,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

CARDIECTASIS,  Dilatation  of  the  heart,  see 
Aneurism  of  the  heart  —  c.  Partialis,  Aneurism 
of  the  heart. 


CARDIELCOSIS 


169 


CARIES 


CARDIELCOSIS;  from  KapSia,  'tbe  heart,' 
and  'cXkos,  '  an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  heart. 

CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS,  Steatosis  cordis. 

CARDIEURYSMA,  Aneurism  of  the  heart. 

CARDILiEA,  Cardialgia. 

CARDIM'ELECH,  from  KapSia,  'the  heart,' 
and  l7fD,  Melelc,  (Hebr.,)  '  a  governor.'  A  sup- 
posititious active  principle  seated  in  the  heart, 
and  governing  the  vital  functions. — Dolseus. 

CARDIAL  FLOVt^ER,  Lobelia  cardinalis  — 
c.  f.  Blue,  Lobelia  syphilitica. 

CARDINAL  PLANT,  Lobelia  cardinalis. 

CARDINAMENTUM,  Ginglymus,  Gomphosis. 

CARDIOBOTANUM,  Centaurea  benedicta. 

CARDIOCE'LE,  from  Kap&ia,  'the  heart,'  and 
Kri\ri,  '  rupture.'  Hernia  of  the  heart,  especially 
into  the  abdominal  cavity. 

CARDIOGLASJE,  Cardiorrhexis. 

CARDIOD'YNE,  Cardiodijn'ia ;  from  icapiia, 
'the  heart,  the  stomach,'  and  oivvrj,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  heart.     Also,  Cardialgia. 

Cardiodyne  Spasmodica  Intermittens,  An- 
gina pectoris. 

CARDIOG'MUS.  Hippocrates  employed  this 
word  KapSidiyiio;,  synonymously  with  cardialgia. 
In  the  time  of  Galen  it  was  used,  by  some  writers, 
for  certain  pulsations  of  the  heart,  analogous  to 
palpitations.  Sauvages  understood  by  Cardiog- 
nius  an  aneurism  of  the  heart  or  great  vessels, 
when  still  obscure.     Also,  Angina  pectoris. 

Cardiogmus  Cordis  Sinistri,  Angina  pectoris. 

CARDIOMALA'CIA,  Malaco'siS  seu  3Ialacia 
sen  3Ialax'is  seu  3IoUit"ie8  Cordis,  (F.)  Ramol- 
lissement  du  Occur,  from  xapiia,  'the  heart,'  and 
fxoKaKia,  '  softness.'  Softening  of  the  heart,  caused 
by  inflammation  of  the  organ,  or  a  consequence 
of  some  lesion  of  the  function  of  nutrition. 

CARDIOM'ETRY,  Cardiomet'ria,  from  KupSia, 
'heart,'  and  ^erpov,  'measure.'  Measurement  of 
the  heart,  as  by  percussion  and  auscultation. 

CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS,  Steatosis  cordis. 

CARDIONCHI,  see  Aneurism. 

CARDIONEURALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 

CARDION'OSUS,  Morbus  cordis,  from  KapSta, 
'  heart,'  and  voaog,  '  disease.'  Disease  of  the  heart. 
Heart  disease. 

CARDIOPALMTJS,  Cardiotromus. 

CARDIOPERICARDITIS,  see  Pericarditis. 

CARDIORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mns  cordis ; 
from  Kuphta,  'the  heart,  and  pevna,  '  defluxion, 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  heart. 

CARDIORRHEX'IS,  Cardioclasie,  (Piorry,) 
Ruptu'ra  cordis,  (F.)  Rupture  du  Coenr,  from 
Kitpoia,  'the  heart,' and  /Jiylty,  'laceration.'  Lace- 
ration of  the  heart. 

CARDIOSCLEROSIE,  (Piorry),  from  Kapha, 
'the  heart,'  and  <jK\r,pog,  'hard.'  (P.)  Endurcisse- 
ment  du  Coeur.  Induration  of  the  heart. 
^  CARDIOSTENO'SIS,  Stenocar'dia,  from  Kap- 
OLu,  'the  heart,  and  aTsvaan;,  'contraction.'  Con- 
traction of  the  openings  of  the  heart 

CARDIOTRAU'MA,  from  Kapha,  'the  heart,' 
and  rpavpa,  'a  wound.'     A  wound  of  the  heart. 

CARDIOT'ROMUS,  Palpita'tio  Cordis  trep'- 
{dans,  Cardiojml'mus,  Trepida'tio  Cordis,  from 
Kapiia,  'the  heart,'  and  rpo//of,  'tremor.'  Rapid 
and  feeble  palpitation  or  fluttering  of  the  heart 

CARDIOT'ROTUS,  from  Kapha,  'the  heart,' 
and  nrpwo-Kw,  'I  wound.'  One  affected  with  a 
wound  of  the  heart. — Galen. 

CARDIPERICARDITIS,  see  Pericarditis. 

CARD  IT E,  Carditis. 

CARDITIC,  Cardiac.  Also,  relating  or  be- 
longing to  carditis. 

CARDI'TIS,  from  Kapha,  'the  heart,  and  the 
termination  itis.  Inflammation  of  the  fleshy 
substance  of  the  heart.  Empres'ma  Cardi'tis, 
Inflammn'tio  Cordis,  I.  Cardi'tis,  Cauma  Cardi'- 
tis, Mi/ocardi'tis,    Cardi'tis  3Iuscula'ris,  (F.)  Li- 


flammation  du  Ooeur,  Oardite.  The  symptoms 
of  this  affection  are  by  no  means  clear.  They 
are  often  confounded  with  those  of  pericarditis, 
or  inflammation  of  the  membrane  investing  the 
heart.  Carditis,  indeed,  with  many,  includes 
both  the  inflammation  of  the  external  investing 
membrane  and  that  of  the  interior  of  the  heart. 
See  Pericarditis,  and  Endocarditis. 

Carditis  Externa,  Pericarditis  —  c.  Interna, 
Endocarditis — c.  Muscularis,  Carditis  —  c.  Mem- 
branosa.  Pericarditis — c.  Polyposa,  Polypi  of  the 
heart — c.  Serosa,  Pericarditis. 

CARDO,  Ginglymus. 

CARDOPATIUM,  Carlina  acaulis. 

CARDOPERICARDITIS,  see  Pericarditis. 

CARDUUS  ALTILIS,  Cynara  scolymus  — c. 
Benedictus,  Centaurea  benedicta — c.  Brazilianus, 
Bromelia  ananas  —  c.  Domesticus  capite  majori, 
Cynara  scolymus  —  c.  Hemorrhoidalis,  Cirsium 
arvense. 

Car'duhs  Maria'nus,  C.  Ma'rice  seu  lac'teus, 
Sil'ybum,  S.  3£aria'num  seu  macida'tum,  Car'tha- 
mus  macula'tus,  Cir'sium  macula' turn,  Spina  alba, 
Common  3Iilk  Thistle,  Ladies'  Thistle,  (F.) 
Chardon-Marie.  Ord.  Compositse.  The  herb  is 
a  bitter  tonic.  The  seeds  are  oleaginous.  It  is 
not  used. 

Carduus  Pineus,  Atractylis  gummifera  —  c. 
Sativus,  Carthamus  tinctorius — c.  Sativus  non- 
spinosus,  Cynara  scolymus  — c.  Solstitialis,  Cen- 
taurea calcitrapa —  e.  Stellatus,  Centaurea  calci- 
trapa— c.  Tomentosus,  Onopordium  acanthium — 
c.  Veneris,  Dipsacus  fuUonum. 

CAREBARESIS,  Carebaria. 

CAREBA'RIA  or  CAREBARFA,  Carcbare'- 
sis,  from  Kapri,  'the  head,'  and  fiapog,  'weight.' 
Scordine'ma,  Cereba'ria,  Scordinis'mut,  Cordine'- 
ma.    Heaviness  of  the  head. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

CARE'NA,  Kare'na.  The  twenty-fourth  part 
of  a  drop. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

CARE-TAKER,  Nurse. 

CAREUM,  Carum. 

CAREX  ARENARIA,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

CARIACOU.  A  beverage,  used  in  Cayenne, 
and  formed  of  a  mixture  of  cassava,  potato,  and 
sugar,  fermented. 

CAR'ICA,  from  Caria,  where  the  fig  was  culti- 
vated.    See  Ficus  carica. 

Car'ica  Papa'ya,  Papaw  tree,  Paiop>aiu,  (F.) 
Pupayer.  Ord.  Cucurbitaceas.  A  native  of 
America,  India,  and  Africa.  The  fruit  has 
somewhat  of  the  flavour  of  the  pumpkin,  and 
is  eaten  like  it.  The  milky  juice  of  the  plant 
and  the  seed  and  root  have  been  regarded  as 
anthelmintic. 

The  papaw,  of  North  America,  belongs  to  the 
order  Anonacese,  {Ano'na  seu  Asi'minn  seu  Por- 
cel'ia  seu  Uva'ria  tri'loha,  Ficus  In'dica,  Orchi- 
docar'pum  arieti'num,)  Custard  Apple  Family. 

CAR'ICUM.  Said  to  have  been  named  after 
its  inventor  Carious.  Car'yeum.  A  detergent 
application  to  ulcers ;  composed  of  black  helle- 
bore, sandarach,  copper,  lead,  sulphur,  orpiment, 
cantharides,  and  oil  of  cedar. — Hippocrates. 

CARTE,  Caries — e.  des  Dents,  Dental  gangrene. 

CAR  IE.  Carious. 

CA'RIES,  Nigrit"ies  Os'sium.  An  ulceration 
of  bone,  Osieohelco'sis, — Ife-crosis  being  death  of  a 
bone.  It  resembles  the  gangrene  of  soft  parts. 
Hence  it  has  been  termed  Caries  gangrano'sa, 
GangrcB'na  Ca'ries  seu  Os'sium,  Tere'do,  Arro'sio, 
Euros,  (F.)  Carie.  It  is  recognised  by  the  swell- 
ing of  the  bone  which  precedes  and  accompanies 
it;  by  the  abscesses  it  occasions;  the  fistulae 
which  form  ;  the  sanious  character,  peculiar  odour 
and  quantity  of  the  suppuration,  and  by  the  evi- 
dence aff'orded  by  probing.  The  most  common 
causes  of  caries  are  blows,  the  action  of  some 
virus,  and  morbid  diatheses.   When  dependent  on 


CARIEUX 


170 


CAROTA 


any  virus  in  the  system,  this  must  be  combated 
by  appropriate  remedies.  When  entirely  local,  it 
must  be  converted,  where  practicable,  into  a  state 
of  necrosis  or  death  of  tlie  affected  part.  For 
this  end,  stimulants,  the  actual  cautery,  <fec.,  are 
applied. 

Caries,  Dentium,  Dental  gangrene — c.  Puden- 
dorum,  see  Chancre — c.  of  the  Vertebrte,  Verte- 
bral disease — ^c.  Vertebrarum,  Vertebral  disease. 

CARIEUX,  Carious. 

CARIM  CURINI,  Justitia  ecbolium. 

CARI'JSTA,  '  a  ship's  keel.'  The  vertebral  co- 
lumn, especially  of  the  foetus.  Also,  the  breast- 
bone bent  inwards.  Hence,  Pectus  carina'tum  : 
— the  chest  affected  with  such  deformity. 

CA'RIOUS,  Cario'sus,  Euro'des,  (F.)  Oarii, 
Carieu.r.     Affected  with  caries. 

CARIUM  TERR^,  Calx. 

CARIVE,  Myrtus  pimenta, 

CARIVILLANDI,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

CARLINA,  'Carline  Thistle.' 

Carli'na  Acaul'is,  0.  chrtmcB'leon,  ChamcB'- 
leon  album,  Cai-dopa' tium,  (F.)  Carline  sans  tige. 
Ord.  Compositas,  which  grows  in  the  Pyrenees, 
and  on  the  mountains  of  Switzerland,  Italy,  &c., 
has  been  recommended  as  a  tonic,  emmenagogue, 
and  sudorific. 

Carlina  Chamteleon,  0.  acaulis, 

CARLINE  SANS  TIGE,  Carlina  acaulis. 

CARLISLE  SPRINGS.  These  are  about  five 
miles  from  the  town  of  Carlisle,  in  Pennsylvania. 
The  water  is  mildly  sulphureous. 

CARLO  SANCTO  RADIX.  'St.  Charles's 
Root:'  found  in  Mechoachan  in  America.  The 
bark  is  aromatic,  bitter  and  acrid.  It  is  con- 
sidered to  be  sudorific,  and  to  strengthen  the 
gums  and  stomach. 

CARLSBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Carlsbad  is  a  town  in  Bohemia,  24  miles  from 
Egra,  celebrated  for  its  hot  baths.  The  water 
contains  about  47  parts  in  the  100  of  purging 
salts.  It  is  a  thermal  saline;  temperature  121° 
to  167°  Fahrenheit.  The  constituents  are — car- 
bonic acid,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  soda, 
and  chloride  of  sodium. 

GAR3IANTINE,  Justitia  pectoralis— c.  Pecto- 
rale,  Justitia  pectoralis. 

CARMEN,  '  a  verse.'  An  amulet.  A  charm, 
which,  of  old,  often  consisted  of  a  verse.  See 
Charm. 

CARMINANTIA,  Carminatives. 

CARMINATIVA,  Carminatives. 

CARMIN'ATIVES,  Carminan'tia  seu  Cm-mi- 
nati'vn,  from  carmen,  'averse,'  or  'charm,'  An- 
tiphys'ica,  Physago'ga,  Xan'tica,  Antiphyset'ics, 
(F.)  Carminatifs.  Remedies  which  allay  pain, 
'like  a  charm,'  by  causing  the  expulsion  of 
flatus  from  the  alimentarj'-  canal.  They  are  gene- 
rally of  the  class  of  aromatics. 

The  Four  Greater  Carminative  Hot  Seeds, 
Quat'uor  sem'ina  cal'ida  majo'ra  carminati'va, 
were,  of  old,  anise,  carui,  cummin,  and  fennel. 

The  Four  Lesser  Carminative  Hot  Seeds, 
Quat'uor  sem'ina  cal'ida  mino'ra,  were  bishop's 
weed,  stone  parsley,  smallage,  and  wild  carrot. 

CARMOT.  A  name  given,  by  the  alchymists, 
to  the  matter  which  they  believed  to  constitute 
the  Philosopher's  stone. 

CARNABADIA,  Carum,  (seed.) 

CARNABADIUM,  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CARNATIO,  Syssarcosis. 

CARNATION,  Dianthus  caryophyllus. 

CARNBLIAN,  Cornelian. 

CARNEOLUS,  Cornelian. 

CAR'NEOUS,  Garno'sus,  Sarco'des,  Incarna'- 
tus,  from  caro,  aarnis,  'flesh,'  (F.)  Charnu. 
Consisting  of  flesh,  or  resembling  flesh. 

Carneous  Columns,  Fleshy  Columns,  Colum'- 


ncB  Carnea,  of  the  heart,  (F.)  Colonnes  charnues, 
are  muscular  projections,  situate  in  the  cavities 
of  the  heart.  They  are  called,  also,  llus'culi 
Papilla'res. 

Carneous  Fibres,  Fleshy  Fibres,  Mus'cular 
Fibres,  (P.)  Fibres  charnues  ou  musculaires,  are 
fibres  belonging  to  a  muscle. 

CARNEUM  MARSUPIUM,  Ischio-troehan- 
terianus. 

CARNIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  caro,  carnis, 
'flesh.'     The  s:um. — Fallopius. 

CARNIPICA'TIO,  Carnification  —  c.  Pulmo- 
num,  Hepatisation  of  the  lungs. 

CARNIFICA'TION,  Camifica'tio,  from  caro, 
carnis,  'flesh,'  and  fieri,  'to  become.'  Trans- 
formation into  flesh.  A  morbid  state  of  certain 
organs,  in  which  the  tissue  acquires  a  consistence 
like  that  of  fleshy  or  muscular  parts.  It  is  some- 
times observed  in  hard  parts,  the  texture  be- 
coming softened,  as  in  Osteosarcoma.  When  it 
occurs  in  the  lungs,  they  present  a  texture  like  that 
of  liver.     Such  is  the  condition  of  the  fcetal  lung. 

CARNIFOR'MIS  ABSCESS'US.  An  abscess, 
which  ordinarily  occurs  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  articulations,  and  whose  orifice  is  hard,  the 
sides  thick  and  callous. — M.  A.  Severinus. 

CARNIVOROUS,  Camiv'orus,  Sarcoph'a- 
gus,  Creatoph'agus,  Creoph'agus,  Zobph'agous, 
Creatoph'  agous,  Creoph'agous,  Kreatopih'  agovs, 
(F.)  Carnivore;  from  caro,  carnis,  'flesh,'  and 
voro,  'I  eat.'  That  which  eats  flesh.  Any  sub- 
stance which  destroys  excrescences  in  wounds, 
ulcers,  <fec. 

CARNOSA  CUTIS,  Panniculus  carnosus. 

CARNOS'ITAS,  (F.)  Camosit^,  horn  caro, 
carnis,  'flesh.'     A  fleshy  excrescence. 

CARNOS'ITIES  OF  THE  URE'THRA,  Car'- 
uncles  in  the  Ure'thra,  (F.)  Carnositis  ou  Caron- 
cules  de  I'uretre.  Small  fleshy  excrescences  or 
fungous  growths,  which  were,  at  one  time,  pre- 
sumed to  exist  in  the  male  urethra,  whenever 
retention  of  urine  followed  gonorrhoea. 

M.  Cullerier  uses  the  term  Carnosite  venSrienne 
for  a  cutaneous,  cellular,  and  membranous  tu- 
mour, dependent  upon  the  syphilitic  virus.  See, 
also,  Polysarcia. 

CARNOSUS,  Carneous. 

CARO,  Flesh — c.  Accessoria,  see  Flexor  longus 
digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans,  (accesso- 
rius)  —  c.  Excrescens,  Excrescence  —  c.  Fungosa, 
Fungosity — e.  Glandulosa,  Epiglottic  gland  —  c. 
Luxurians,  Fungosity — c.  Orbicularis,  Placenta — 
c.  Parenchymatica,  Parenchyma — c.  Quadrata, 
Palmaris  brevis — c.  Quadratus  Sylvii,  see  Flexor 
longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans,  (ac- 
eessorius) — e.  Viscerum,  Parenchyma. 

CAROB  TREE,  Ceratonia  siliqua. 

CAROBA  ALNABATI,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CARODES,  Carotic. 

CAROLI,  see  Chancre. 

CAROLI'NA,  NORTH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  In  the  counties  of  AVarren,  Montgomery, 
Rockingham,  Lincoln,  Buncomb,  and  Rowan, 
there  are  mineral  springs.  They  belong  gene- 
rally to  the  sulphureous  or  acidulous  saline. 

CAROLINA,  SOUTH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  They  are  numerous.  Pacolet  Springs,  on 
the  west  bank  of  Pacolet  River,  contain  sulphur 
and  iron.  Many,  with  similar  properties,  but  not 
held  in  estimation,  are  scattered  about  the  State. 

CAEONCULE,  Caruncle — c.  Lachrymale,  Ca- 
runcle. 

CARONGULES  MYRTIFORMES,  Carun- 
culae  myrtiformes — c.  de  I'Urltre,  Carnosities  of 
the  urethra. 

CARONGULEUX,  Carunculous. 

CAROPI,  Amomum  cardamomum. 

CAROSIS,  Somnolency. 

CAROTA,  see  Daucus  carota. 


CAROTIC 


171 


CARRE A U 


CAROT'IC,  Carot'icus,  Carot'id,  Carot'idus, 
Oarotidae'iis,  Caro'des,  Com'atose,  from  Kapog, 
'stupor,'  (F.)  Carotique.  Relating  to  stupor  or 
car  us — as  a  carotic  state; — or  to  the  carotids,  (F.) 
Carotidien. 

Carotic  Arteries,  Carotids  —  e.  Ganglion, 
see  Carotid  Nerve — c.  Nerve,  Carotid  Nerve  —  c. 
Plexus,  see  Carotid  Nerve. 

CAROTICA,  Narcotics. 

CAROTICUS,  Carotic. 

CAROTID,  Carotic. 

CAROTID^US,  Carotic. 

CAROTIDIEN,  Carotic. 

CAROT'IDS,  Carot'ides,  Carot'iccB,  Carotidea, 
Caplta'les,  Jugida'res,  Sopora'les,  Supora'ricB,  So- 
porif'ercB,  SomnifercB,  Apoplec'tices,  Lethar'giccB 
[Arte'ricB),  Carot'id  Ar'teries,  Cephal'ic  Ai'teries, 
(F.)  Arteres  Carotides ;  from  Kapog,  'stupor,'  [?]. 
The  great  arteries  of  the  neck,  which  carry  blood 
to  the  head.  They  are  divided  into,  1.  Primitive 
or  common;  the  left  of  which  arises  from  the 
aorta,  and  the  right  from  a  trunk,  common  to  it 
and  the  subclavian.  2.  External  or  pericephal'ic, 
branch  of  the  primitive,  which  extends  from  the 
last  to  the  neck  of  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw; 
and,  3.  Internal,  Arte'ria  cerebra'lis  vel  enee- 
}}hal'ica,  another  branch  of  the  primitive,  which, 
arising  at  the  same  place  as  the  external,  enters 
the  cranium,  and  terminates  on  a  level  with  the 
fissure  of  Sylvius,  dividing  into  several  branches. 

Carotid  or  Carotic  Canal,  Cana'lis  Carot'icus, 
Canal  inflexe  de  I'os  temp)oral — (Ch.),  Canal  caro- 
tidien, is  a  canal  in  the  temporal  bone,  through 
which  the  carotid  artery  and  several  nervous 
filaments  pass. 

Carotid  or  Carotic  Foram'ina,  Foram'ina  Ca- 
rot'ica,  (F.)  Trous  carotidiens,  are  distinguished 
into  internal  and  external.  They  are  the  foram- 
ina at  each  extremity  of  the  Canalis  Carotiens. 

Carotid  Ganglion,  see  Carotid  nerve. 

Carotid  Nerve,  Carot'io  nerve,  Nervus  carot'- 
icus. A  branch  from  the  superior  cervical  gan- 
glion of  the  great  sympathetic,  which  ascends  by 
the  side  of  the  internal  carotid.  It  divides  into 
two  portions,  which  enter  the  carotid  canal,  and, 
by  their  communication  with  each  other  and  the 
petrosal  branch  of  the  vidian,  form  the  carotid 
2}lexus.  They  also  frequently  form  a  small  gan- 
gliform  swelling  on  the  under  part  of  the  artery 
— the  carotic  or  carotid  or  cavernous  ganglion, 
ganglion  of  Laumonier. 

Carotid  Plexus,  see  Carotid  nerve. 

GAROTTE,  Daucus  carota. 

CAROUA,  Carum  (seed). 

CAROUBIER,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

GAROUGE,  see  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CARPAL,  Carpa'lis;  from  /fupTros,  'the  wrist.' 
Belonging  or  relating  to  the  carpus  or  wrist. 

CARPASA,  Carbasa. 

CARPA'SIUM,  Car'pasum,  and  Carp)e'sium. 
Dioscorides,  Pliny,  Galen,  kc,  have  given  these 
names,  and  that  of  Carpasos,  to  a  plant,  which 
cannot  now  be  determined,  and  whose  juice,  called 
Opocar'jiason,  orroKapnaaov,  passed  for  a  violent, 
narcotic  poison,  and  was  confounded  with  myrrh. 

CARPATHICUM,  see  Pinus  cembra. 

CARPE,  Carpus. 

CARPENTARIA,  Achillea  millefolium. 

CARPENTER'S  LEAF,  Galax  aphylla 

CARPESIUM,  Carpasium. 

CARPHO'DES,  Carphoi'de«,  from  /ca/j^o;,  'Jloc- 
cidus,'  and  eiSo;,  'resemblance.'  Flocculent, 
stringy;  —  as  mucus  carj^hodes,  flocculent  or 
stringy  mucus. 

CARPHOLOG"IA,  Tilmns,  Garpo7og"ia,  Oro- 
ci'dis'mus,  Orocydis'mus,  Flocco'rum  vena'tio,  Floc- 
cile'gium,  Tricholog"ia,  Grocidix'is,  Floccila' tion, 
Floccita'iion,  from  Kap<pos,  'floe' cuius,'  and  Aeyw, 


'I  collect,' or 'pluck,'  (F.)  Carphologie.  Action 
of  gathering  floeculi.  A  delirious  picking  of  the 
bed-clothes,  as  if  to  seek  some  substance,  or  to 
pull  the  floeculi  from  them.  It  denotes  great 
cerebral  irritability  and  debility,  and  is  an  un- 
favourable sign  in  fevers,  <fec. 

CARPHOS,  Trigonella  fuenum. 

CARPIA,  Linteum. 

CARPIiEUS,  Palmaris  brevis. 

CAR'PIAL,  Car'pian,  Carpia'nus,  Garpia'lis, 
(F.)  Carpien.     Belonging  to  the  Carpus. 

Car'pialLig'aments,  (E .)  Ligaments  Carpiens, 
are,  1.  The  fibrous  fasciae,  which  unite  the  bones 
of  the  carpus ;  and,  2.  The  annular  ligaments, 
anterior  and  posterior. 

CARPIAN,  Carpial. 

CARPIEN,  Carpial. 

CARPISMUS,  Carpus 

C  A  R  P  0  B  A  L  S  A  M  U  M,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum. 

CARPOLOGIA,  Carphologia — c.  Spasmodica, 
Subsultus  tendinum. 

CARPO-METACARPEUS  MINIMI  DIGITI, 
Adductor  metacarpi  minimi  digiti — c.  Metacar- 
pien  du  petit  doigt,  Opponens  minimi  digiti  — 
c.  Metacarpien  du  pouce,  Opponens  poUicis  —  e. 
Phalangeus  minimi  digiti.  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
—  c.  Phalangien  du  pietit  doigt,  Abductor  minimi 
digiti,  Flexor  parvus  minimi  digiti — c.  Phalangien 
du  pouce,  Flexor  brevis  poUicis  manus — c.  S^is- 
phalangien  du  pouce,  Abductor  poUicis  brevis. 

CARPO-PEDAL,  from  carjms,  'the  wrist,'  and 
pes,  p>edis,  'the  foot.'  Relating  to  the  wrist  and 
foot. 

Carpo-pedAL  Spasm,  Ger'ehral spasmod'ic 
croup.  A  spasmodic  affection  of  the  chest  and 
larynx  in  young  children,  accompanied  by  gene- 
ral or  partial  convulsions.  The  disease  commonly 
occurs  between  the  third  and  ninth  month,  and 
is  characterized  by  excessive  dyspnoea,  accompa- 
nied by  a  loud  croupy  noise  on  inspiration;  the 
thumbs  being  locked,  and  the  hands  and  feet 
rigidly  bent  for  a  longer  or  shorter  period.  The 
seat  of  the  disease  is  evidently  in  the  cerebro- 
spinal axis,  primarily  or  secondarily :  generally, 
perhaps,  it  is  owing  to  erethism  seated  elsewhere, 
but  communicated  to  the  cerebro-spinal  centre, 
and  reflected  to  the  respiratory  and  other  muscles 
concerned.  It  seems  to  be  connected  with  dental 
irritation;  and  consequently,  in  the  treatment, 
where  such  is  the  case,  the  gums  should  be  freely 
divided ;  after  which,  cathartics  and  revulsives, 
with  the  use  of  narcotics  and  appropriate  diet, 
will  generally  remove  the  affection;  for  although 
extremely  alarming,  it  is  often  not  attended  with 
great  danger.     See  Asthma  thymicum. 

CARPOS,  Fruit. 

CARPOT'ICA,  from  Kapzos,  'fruit.'  Diseases 
aS'ecting  impregnation.  Irregularity,  difiiculty 
or  danger  produced  by  parturition  : — the  3d  or- 
der, class  Genetica,  of  Good. 

CARPUS,  Garptis'mus,  BracMa'le,  Rasce'ta, 
Raste'ta,  Rascha,  Rase'ta,  Raset'ta,  Wrist,  (Prov.) 
Hand-wrist,  Shackle,  (F.)  Garpe,  Poignet.  The 
part  between  the  fore-arm  and  hand.  Eight 
bones  compose  it  (in  two  rows).  In  the  superior 
row  there  are,  from  without  to  within — the  Sc.a- 
pho'ides  or  navicxda're,  Luna're  or  semihina'^-e, 
Guneifor'me,  and  Orbicula're  or  pisifor'me.  In 
the  lower  row — Trape'zium,  Trapezoi'des,  Mag- 
num, and  Uncifor'me. 

CARRAGEEN  MOSS,  Fucus  crispus. 

CARRE,  Quadratus  —  c.  de  la  Cuisse,  Quad- 
ratus  femoris  —  c.  des  Lomhes,  Quadratus  lum- 
borum  —  c.  du  Menton,  Depressor  labii  inferioris 
— c.  du  Pied,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

CARREAU,  Tabes  mesenterica. 


CARRE E 


1 


CARYOCOSTINUS 


CARREE,  see  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis 
profundus  perforans  (accessorius). 

GARRELET,  (F.)  Acus  triangula'ris.  A 
Straight  needle,  two  or  three  inches  long,  the 
point  of  which  is  triangular;  and  which  the 
ancients  used  in  different  operations.  Also,  a 
wooden,  triangular  frame  for  fixing  a  cloth 
through  which  different  pharmaceutical  prepara- 
tions are  passed. 

CAPiRON  OIL,  Linimentum  aquae  calcis. 

CARROT,  CANDY,  Athamanta  cretensis— c. 
Deadly,  Thapsia. 

Carrot  Plant,  Daucus  cajota. 

GARTH AGENA  BARKS,  see  Cinchona. 

CARTHAMUS  MACULATUS,  Carduus  ma- 
rianus. 

Car'thajius  Tincto'rius,  Am'yron,  Cm'cus, 
Crocus  German' icus  seu  Saracen' ious,  Oar'tha- 
mum  ojfficina'rum,  Car'duus  sati'vus,  Safra'num, 
Saffron-flower,  Safflower,  Safflow,  Bastard  Saf- 
fron, Dyer's  Saffron,  (F.)  Carthaine,  Safran 
bdtard,  Carthame  des  Teinturiers.  Ord.  Com- 
positas.  Sex.  Si/st.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  sequa- 
lis.  The  seeds  are  aromatic,  cathartic,  and  diu- 
retic; yet  to  the  parroquet  they  are  an  article  of 
food;  hence  their  name,  Oraines  de  Parroquet. 
The  flowers.  Car' thamus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are  employed 
as  a  cosmetic,  and  are  a  reputed  diaphoretic.  [?] 

CARTHEGOX,  see  Buxus. 

CAR'TILAGE,  Chondros,  Car'tilago,  Gristle, 
(Sc.)  Girsle,  (F.)  Cartilage.  A  solid  part  of  the 
ajaimal  body,  of  a  medium  consistence  between 
bone  and  ligament,  which  in  the  foetus  is  a  sub- 
stitute for  bone,  but  in  the  adult  exists  only  in 
the  joints,  at  the  extremities  of  the  ribs,  <to. 
Cartilages  are  of  a  whitish  colour,  flexible,  com- 
pressible, and  very  elastic,  and  some  of  them 
apparently  inorganic.  They  are  composed,  ac- 
cording to  J.  Davy,  of  .4i  albumen,  .55  water, 
and  .01  phosphate  of  lime. 

CARTILAGE  AN0NY3IE,  Cricoid,  (carti- 
lage)— c.  Epiglottic,  Epiglottis — c.  Muerone,  Xi- 
phoid Cartilage — c.  Supra-arytenoid,  Corniculum 
laryngis — c.  Tarsal,  see  Tarsus. 

Cartilages,  Articular,  Obdn'cent  Car'tilages, 
invest  bony  surfaces,  which  are  in  contact;  hence 
they  are  called  investing  or  incrtisling  cartilages, 
(F.)  Cartilages  de  revetement  ou  d'encroiitement. 

Cartilages,  Cuneiforji,  op  the  Laryxx,  see 
Cuneiform. 

_  CARTILAGES  E BURKES,  see  Eburnifica- 
tion. 

Cartilages,  Interarticular,  Mem's'ci,  are 
such  as  are  situate  within  the  joints,  as  in  the 
knee  joint. 

Cartilages,  Intervertebral,  see  Interverte- 
bral. 

Cartilages  of  Ossifica'tiox  are  sEch  as,  in 
the  progress  of  ossification,  have  to  form  an  in- 
tegrant part  of  bones;  as  those  of  the  long  bones 
in  the  new-born  infant.  They  are  termed  tem- 
porary ;  the  others  being  permanent.  All  the 
cartilages,  with  the  exception  of  the  erticular, 
are  surrounded  by  a  memlsrane  analogous  to  the 
periosteum,  called  Perichon'drium. 

Cartilages  of  the  Ribs  are,  in  some  respects, 
only  prolongations  of  the  ribs.  Those  of  the  nose, 
of  the  meatus  auditorius,  and  Eustachian  tube, 
present  a  similar  arrangement.  Other  cartilages 
resemble  a  union  of  fibrous  and  cartilaginous  tex- 
tures ;  hence  their  name  Fihro-cartilages. 

Cartilages  of  Saxtorlni,  Corniculum  La- 
ryngis—  c.  Semilunar,  see  Semilunar  —  c.  Sig- 
moid, Semilunar  cartilages  —  c.  of  Wrisberg, 
Cuneiform  Cartilages  of  the  Larynx. 

CARTILAGINES  GUTTURALES,  Aryte- 
noid cartilages — c.  Semilunares,  Semilunar  car- 
tilages— c.  Sigmoideffi,  Semilunar  cartilages. 


Cartilaginis  Arytenoid ,e.e  Capituluji,  Cor- 
niculum laryngis. 

CARTILAG"INOUS,  Cartilagin'eus,  Cartila- 
gino'sus,  Chondro'des,  Chondrot'des,  (F.)  Carti- 
lagineux.     Belonging  to,  or  resembling  cartilage. 

Cartilaginods  Tissue,  see  Tissue. 

CARTILAGO,  Cartilage— c.  Clypealis,  Thy- 
roid cartilage — c.  Ensiformis,  Xiphoid  cartilage 
— c.  Gutturalis,  Arytenoid  cartilage — c.  Innomi- 
nata.  Cricoid — c.  Mucronata,  Xiphoid  cartilage — 
c.  Peltalis,  Thyroid  cartilage.  Xiphoid  cartilage — 
c.  Peltatus,  Thyroid  cartilage  —  c.  Scutiformis, 
Thyroid  cartilage — c.  Uvifer,  Uvula — c.  Xiphoi- 
des,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

CARUM,  from  Caria,  a  province  of  Asia. 
A'pium  seu  Bu'nium  seu  Ligus'ticum  seu  Ses'eli 
carvi  seu  carum,  Slum  carvi,  Ca'reum,  Caruin 
car'vi,  Carvi,  Ciimi' num p>raten' se,  Cams,  Car'uon, 
the  Car' away,  (F. )  Carvi,  Cumin  des  pres.  Order, 
Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
The  seeds,  Caraway  seeds,  (Prov.)  Carvy  seeds, 
Carnaha'dia,  Car'oua,  Carum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are 
carminative.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  Jij,  swallowed  whole 
or  bruised.  The  oil,  Oleum  Car'u'i,  (F.)  Huile  de 
carvi,  has  the  properties  of  the  seeds.  Dose,  gtt. 
ij  to  vj.  Aqua  Car'ui,  Car'away  Water,  is  ofiB- 
cinal  in  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  London  and 
Dublin. 

Carum  Bulbocastanum,  Bunium  bulbocasta- 
num. 

CAR'UNCLE,  Carun'cula,  diminutive  of  caro, 
'flesh.'  A  small  portion  of  flesh,  Sar'cium,  Sar- 
cid'ium.  A  fleshy  excrescence, — Ecphy'ma  car- 
un'cula, (F.)  Caroncule. 

Caruncle,  Carnositas. 

Caruncles  in  the  Urethra,  Carnosities. 

Carun'cula  Lacryma'lis,  (F.)  Caroncule 
lacry?nale.  A  small,  reddish,  follicular  body, 
situate  at  the  inner  angle  of  the  eye.  It  secretes 
a  gummy  substance. 

Caruncula  Seminalis,  Gallinaginis  caput. 

CARUNCUL^  CUTICULARES,  Nymphse. 

Caruncul-E  Majijiilla'res.  The  extremities 
of  the  lactiferous  tubes  in  the  nipples.  The 
olfactory  nerves  have  been  so  called  by  some. 

Caruncul^  MyrtifOr'mes,  C.  Vagina'les, 
Glan'dulcB  myrtifor'mes,  (F.)  Caroncules  myrti- 
formes.  Small,  reddish  tubercles,  more  or  less 
firm,  of  variable  form,  and  uncertain  number, 
situate  near  the  orifice  of  the  vagina,  and  formed 
by  the  mucous  membrane.  They  are  regarded 
as  the  remains  of  the  hymen. 

CARUNcnL.E  PAPiLLARES.Papillse  of  the  kidney. 

CARUN'CULOUS,  Caruncular,  (F.)  Caroncu- 
leux.     Relating  to  caruncles  or  carnosities. 

CARUON,  Carum. 

CARUS,  Kapoi,  Sopor  caro'ticus.  Profound  sleep. 
The  last  degree  of  coma,  with  complete  insensi- 
bility, which  no  stimulus  can  remove,  even  for  » 
few  instants.  Sopior,  Coma,  Lethargia,  and  Ca- 
nts, are  four  degrees  of  the  same  condition. 

Carus  Apoplexia,  Apoplexy  —  e.  Asphyxia, 
Asphyxia — c.  Catalepsia,  Catalepsy — c.  Ecstasis, 
Ecstasis  —  c.  Hydrocephalus,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus — c.  ab  Insolatione,  Coup  de  soleil — c.  Le- 
thargus.  Lethargy — c.  Lethargus  cataphora,  Som- 
nolency—  c.  Lethargus  vigil.  Coma  vigil  —  c. 
Paralysis,  Paralysis  —  e.  Paralysis  paraplegia, 
Paraplegia — c.  Veternus,  Lethargy. 

CARVI,  Carum. 

CARVY  SEEDS,  see  Carum. 

CARYA,  Hickorj',  Juglans  regia — c.  Basilica 
Juglans  regia. 

CARYDION,  Corylus  avellana. 

CARYEDON  CATAGMA,  see  Fracture. 

CARYOCOST'INUS,  Caryocostinum.  An  elcc 
tuary  prepared  of  the  costus  and  other  aronjatio 
substances,  &c.  It  was  cathartic.  See  Confoctio 
scammoniae. 


CARYON 


173 


CASSUMUNIAR 


CARYON,  Juglans  regia — c.  Ponticon,  Corylus 
avellana  (nut.) 

CARYOPHYLLA,  Geum  urbanum. 

CARYOPHYLLATA  AQUATICA,  Geum  ri- 
vale — c.  Nutans,  Geum  rivale — c.  Urbana,  Geum 
urbanum — e.  Vulgaris,  Geum  urbanum. 

CARYOPHYLLUM  RUBRUM,  Dianthus  ca- 
ryophyllus. 

CARYOPHYLLUS  AMERICANUS,  see  Myr- 
tus  pimenta — c.  Aromaticus,  Eugenia  caryophyl- 
lata  —  c.  Hortensis,  Dianthus  caryophyllus  —  c. 
Pimenta,  Myrtus  Pimenta  —  c.  Vulgaris,  Geum 
urbanum. 

CARYO'TI.     The  best  kind  of  dates.— Galen. 

CAS  RARES  (F.),  Rare  cases.  This  term  is 
used,  by  the  French,  for  pathological  facts,  which 
vary  from  what  is  usual.  See  a  celebrated  article 
under  this  head  in  the  Dictionnaire  des  Sciences 
Medicales,  Vol.  IV. 

CASAMUM,  Cyclamen. 

CASAMUNAR,  Cassumuniar. 

CASCADING,  Vomiting. 

CAS'CARA,  CASCARIL'LA.  Spanish  words, 
which  signify  harh  and  little  bark,  under  which 
appellations  the  hark  (Cinchona)  is  known  in 
Peru.  They  are  now  applied  to  the  bark  of  Cro- 
ton  cascarilla.  The  bark-gatherers  are  called 
Oascarilleros. 

CASCARILLA,  Cascara,  Croton  cascarilla  —  c. 
Carabaya,  see  Cinchonse  cordifolite  cortex  —  c. 
Colorada,  Cinchonse  oblongifoliae  cortex — c.  Roxa, 
Cinchonge  oblongifoliae  cortex. 

OASCARILLEROS,  see  Cascara. 

CASCHEU,  Catechu. 

CASE,  Ca-psa,  Theca,  (F.)  Caisse.  This  name 
is  given  to  boxes  for  the  preservation  of  instru- 
ments, or  of  medicines  necessary  in  hospital  or 
other  service.  We  say,  e.  g. — A  case  of  amj^n- 
tating,  or  of  trejjanninc/  iiistrtiments.  A  pocket 
case,  Armamenta' rium  piortnh' He,  (F.)  Trousse, 
contains  the  smaller  instruments  in  constant  use 
with  the  surgeon. 

Case,  Casxis,  from  cadere,  casum,  'to  fall.' 
The  condition  of  a  patient;  —  as  a  case  of  fever, 
&c.     (F.)    Observation.     Also,   the  history   of  a 

CASEARIUS,  Cheesy. 

CA'SEIN,  Caseine,  Ca'seum,  Galaetine,  Tyrine, 
Lactalbu' men.  Caseous  matter,  (F.)  Caseine,  Ma 
tiere  caseuse,  from  cnseus,  'cheese.'  The  only 
nitrogenized  constituent  of  milk.  It  is  identical 
in  composition  with  the  chief  constituents  of 
blood, — fibrin  and  albumen,  all  being  compounds 
of  protein.  A  similar  principle  exists  in  the  vege- 
table, Vegetable  Casein  or  Legii'min,  Veg"etable 
Gluten.  It  is  chiefly  found  in  leguminous  seeds 
— peas,  beans,  lentils.  Like  vegetable  albumen. 
Casein  is  soluble  in  water;  and  the  solution  is 
not  eoagulable  by  heat. 

Caseim,  Blood  Globulin — c.  of  the  Saliva,  see 
Saliva — c.  of  the  Small  intestine,  Albumiiiose. 

CASEOSUS,  Cheesy. 

CASEOUS  MATTER,  Casein. 

CASEUM,  Casein. 

CASEUS,  Cheese — c.  Equinus,  Hippace. 

CASEUX,  Cheesy. 

CASHEW,  Anacardium  occidentale. 

CASHOO.  An  aromatic  drug  of  Hindoostan, 
gaid  to  possess  pectoral  virtues. 

CASHOW,  Catechu. 

CASIA,  Laurus  cassia. 

CASMINA,  Cassumuniar. 

CASMONAR,  Cassumuniar. 

CASSA,  Thorax. 

CASSADA  ROOT.  Jatropha  manihot. 

CASSAVA,  BITTER,  Jatropha  manihot  — e. 
Root,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CASSE  AROMATIQUE,  Laurus  cassia  — c. 
en  Batons,  Cassia  fistula — c.  en  Bois,  Laurus  cas- 


sia—  c.  des  Boutiques,  Cassia  fistula  —  c.  Seni, 
Cassia  senna. 

CASSE-LUNETTE,  Centaurea  eyanus,  Cya- 
nus  segetum,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 
CASSEENA,  Ilex  vomitoria. 
CASSENOLES,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 
CASSIA,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Absus,  Absus  —  c. 
Acutifolia,  C.  senna  —  c.  Egyptian,  C.  senna  — 
c.  Alexandrina,  C.  fistula — c.  Bonplandiana,  C. 
fistula. 

Cassia  Cham^ecris'ta,  Prairie  senna,  Par- 
tridge Pea,  Wild  Senna,  an  indigenous  plant, 
Order,  Leguminosse,  which  flowers  in  August.  It 
resembles  Cassia  Marilandica  in  properties. 

Cassia  Cinxamomea,  Laurus  cassia  —  c.  Ca- 
ryophyllata,  Myrtus  caryophyllata — c.  Canella, 
Laurus  cassia  —  c.  Egyptian,  Cassia  senna  —  c. 
Excelsa,  C.  fistula. 

Cas'sia  Fis'tula,  C.  nigra  seu  fistula'ris  seu 
Alexandri'na  seu  excel'sa  seu  Bon2jlandiu'na, 
Canna,  G.  soluti'va  seu  fistula,  Cathartocar'pus, 
Bactyrilo'bixim  fis'tula.  Purging  Cassia,  (F.)  Casse 
Caneficier,  Caneficier  ou  en  Batons  ou  des  Bou- 
tiques. The  pulp  of  Cassia  Fis'tula  or  Catharto- 
car'pus Fistula,  Pudding  pipe  tree;  Fam.  Legu- 
minosse;  Sex.  Si/st.  Deoandria  Monogynia,  Pnlpa 
Cas'sicB,  CassicB  Aramen'tum,  Caasim  Fistulm 
Pulpa,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  which  is  obtained  in  long 
pods,  is  black,  bright,  and  shining;  sweet,  slightly 
acid,  and  inodorous.  It  is  laxative  in  the  dose 
of  3iv  to  5J. 

Cassia  Lancbolata,  C.  senna— c.  Lignea, 
Laurus  cassia  —  e.  Lignea  Malabarica,  Laurus 
cassia. 

Cassia  MarilAN'dica,  Senna  America'na, 
American  or  Wild  Senna,  Locust  plant,  (F.)  Seiie 
d'Amerique.  The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  similar, 
in  virtue,  to  those  of  cassia  senna.  They  are, 
however,  much  inferior  in  strength. 

Cassia  Nigra,  C.  fistula  —  c.  Officinalis,  C. 
senna — c.  Orientalis,  C.  senna — c.  Purging,  Cas- 
sia fistula. 

Cassia  Senna,  C.  lanceola'ta  seu  acutifo'lia 
seu  orienta'lis  seu  officina'lis.  The  name  of  the 
plant  which  affords  senna.  It  is  yielded,  how- 
ever, by  several  species  of  the  genus  cassia.  The 
leaves  of  senna.  Senna  Folia,  Senna  Alexandri'- 
na seu  Ital'ica,  Sena,  Senna  or  Egyptian  Cassia, 
(F.)  Sene,  Casse  Sine,  have  a  faint  smell,  and 
bitterish  taste.  The  active  part,  by  some  called 
Cathartin,  is  extracted  by  alcohol  and  water. 
Their  activity  is  injured  by  boiling  water.  They 
are  a  hydragogue  cathartic,  and  apt  to  gripe. 
Dose  of  the  powder,  9j  to  3J.  Infusion  is  the 
best  form. 

The  varieties  of  senna,  in  commerce,  are  Tin- 
nivelly  Senna,  Bombay  or  Common  India  Senna, 
Alexandrian  Senna,  Tripoli  Seyuia,  and  Alejtpio 
Senna. 

CASSIiB  ARAMENTUM,  see  Cassia  fistula— 
c.  Fistula3  pulpa,  see  Cassia  fistula  —  c.  Flores, 
see  Laurus  cinnamomum. 

CASSIALA,  llyssopus. 

CASSIDA  GALERICULATA,  Scutellaria  ga- 
lericulata. 

CASSIDE  BLEUE,  Scutellaria  galericulata. 

CASSINA,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

CASSINE  CAROLINIANA,  Ilex  paraguensis 
— c.  Evergreen,  Ilex  vomitoria — c.  Peragua,  Ilex 
paraguensis. 

CASSIS,  Ribes  nigrum, 

CASSITEROS.  Tin. 

C  A  S  S  U  M  U '  N I A  R,  Casamu'nar,  Casmonar, 
Zernrnhet,  Casmina,  Ri'sagon,  Ben'gale  Indo'rum, 
Bengal  Root,  (F.)  Racine  de  Bengale.  A  root, 
obtained  from  the  East  Indies,  in  irregular  slices 
of  various  forms  ;  some  cut  transversely,  others 
longitudinally.  It  is  an  aromatic  bitter,  and  is 
consequently  tonic  and  stimulant.     It  was  ouco 


CASSUVIUM   POMIFERUM        174 


CATAG0GL0SSU3I 


considered  a  panacea,  and  has  been  referred  to 
Zingiber  Cassumuniar,  Z.  Clifford' ia  seu  purpu'- 
reum,  Amo'mum  monta'num,  and  to  Zingiber  Ze- 
rtimbet  seu  spu'riurn,  Arao'mum  Zerumbet  seu  syl- 
ves'tre. 

CASSUVIUM  POMIFERUM,  Anacardium 
occidentale. 

CAS'SYTA  FILIPORM'IS.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Laurinese,  which  is  employed 
by  the  Cape  colonists  as  a  wash  in  scald  head, 
and  as  an  antiparasitic. 

CAST,  Contortion,  Caste  —  c.  in  the  Eye,  see 
Strabismus. 

CASTALIA  SPECIOSA,  Xymphaa  alba, 

CASTANEA,  Fagus  castanea:  see,  also,  Fagus 
castanea  pumila — c.  Equina,  iEsculus  Hippocas- 
tanum — c.  Pumila,  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 

CASTE,  (7ast,  from  (P.)  Casta,  'race  or  lineage.' 
A  name  given,  by  the  Portuguese  in  India,  to 
classes  of  society,  divided  according  to  occupa- 
tions, which  have  remained  distinct  from  the 
earliest  times.  Hence  a  separate  and  fixed  order 
or  class.     See  Half-caste. 

CASTELLAMARB  DI  STASIA,  "WATERS 
OF.  Castellamare  di  Stabia  is  a  town  in  Naples, 
in  the  Principato  Citra,  15  miles  S.  S.  E.  of  Na- 
ples. There  are  two  springs,  the  one  sulphu- 
reous, the  other  chalybeate. 

CASTELLETTO  ADONO,  "WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situate  near  Acqui,  in  Italy,  are 
sulphureous. 

CASTERA-VIVENT,  "WATERS  OF.  Cas- 
tera-Vivent  is  a  small  village  in  the  department 
of  Gers,  near  which  is  a  cold  acidulous  chaly- 
beate, and  another  which  is  sulphureous  and 
thermal.     Temp.  84°  Fahrenheit. 

CASTIGANS,  Corria-ent. 

CASTIGLIO'NIA  LOBA'TA,  Pinoncillo  tree. 
A  tree,  which  is  cultivated  in  some  parts  of  Peru, 
and  grows  wild  in  abundance.  Its  beautiful  fruit, 
when  roasted,  has  an  agreeable  flavour.  When 
an  incision  is  made  into  the  stem,  a  clear  bright 
liquid  ilows  out,  which,  after  some  time,  becomes 
black  and  horny-like.  It  is  a  very  powerful 
caustic. 

CASTILLON"  PO"WDERS,  see  Powders,  Cas- 
tillon. 

CASTING,  Vomiting. 

CASTJOE,  Catechu. 

CASTLE-LEOD,  WATERS  OF.  A  sulphu- 
reous spring  in  Ross-shire,  Scotland,  celebrated 
for  the  cure  of  cutaneous  and  other  diseases. 

CASTOR  BAT,  Magnolia  glauca. 

Castor  Fiber,  Fiber,  Cai.is  Pon'ticus,  the 
Beaver.  (F.)  Castor.  It  furnishes  the  Castor. 
Rondelet  recommends  slippers  made  of  its  skin 
in  gout.  Its  blood,  urine,  bile,  and  fat,  were  for- 
merly used  in  medicine. 

Castor  Oil  Plant,  Ricinus  communis. 

CASTO'REUM,  Chsto'rium,  Castor,  Castoreum 
Ros'sicum  et  Canaden' se,  from  Kairrup,  '  the  bea- 
ver,' quasi  yaorup,  from  yaar-qo,  'the  belly,'  be- 
cause of  the  size  of  its  belly.  [?]  A  peculiar 
matter  found  in  the  follicles  of  the  prepuce  of  the 
beaver.  Castor  jiher.  Its  odour  is  strong,  unplea- 
sant, and  peculiar ;  taste  bitter,  subacrid ;  and 
colour  orange  brown.  It  is  antispasmodic,  and 
often  employed.     Dose,  gr.  s  to  ^j- 

CASTORINA,  from  Castoreum,  'castor.'  Me- 
dicines containing  castor. 

CASTPbANGULA,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

CAST  RAT,  Castratus. 

CASTRA'TION,  Castra'tio,  Ec'torae,  Ectom'ia, 
Evira'tio,  Excastra'tio,  Etesticula'tio,  Extirpa'tio 
testiculo'rum,  Detesta'tio,  Exsec'tio  viril'ium,  Eu- 
nuchis'mus,  Orchotom'ia,  Orcheot'omy,  Orehidot'- 
omy,  Gelding,  Spaying,  (F.)  Chatrure.  The 
operation  of  removing  the  testicles.  Sometimes 
the  term  is  employed  for  the  operation  when  per- 


formed on  one  testicle ;  hence  the  division  into 
complete  and  incomplete  castration.  Castration 
renders  the  individual  incapable  of  reproduction. 

The  term  Spaying  is  usually  restricted  to  the 
removal  of  the  ovaries. 

CASTRATO,  Castratus. 

CASTRA'TUS,  (I.)  Castra'to,  Ectom'ius, 
Emascnla'tus,  Evira'tus,  Exsec'tus,  Desec'tiis,  Ex- 
testicula'tus,  Ex  maribus,  Intestab'ilis,  Intesta'tns, 
Spado,  Apoc'opiis,  Bago'os,  from  castrare,  '  to 
castrate.'  (F.)  Castrat,  Chdtre.  One  deprived 
of  testicles.  In  the  Southern  States  an  animal 
thus  situated  is  said  to  be  al'tered.  This  priva- 
tion has  a  great  influence  on  the  development  of 
puberty.  It  is  practised  to  procure  a  clearer  and 
sharper  voice  ;  and  in  the  East,  the  guardians  of 
the  harem,  for  the  sake  of  security,  are  converted 
into  Castra'ti  or  Eu'nuchs,  tvvovxot.  Eunuchs 
have  generally  both  testes  and  penis  removed. 

CASUS,  Prolapsus,  Symptom  —  c.  Palpebrae 
superioris,  Biepharoptosis--e.  Uvulse,  Staphyloe- 
dema, 

CAT  FOOT,  Gnaphalium  polycephalum. 

CAT  TAIL,  Typha  latifolia. 

CATA,  Kara,  'downwards,'  'after,'  applied  to 
time :  at  times,  it  gives  additional  force  to  the 
radical  word.     A  common  prefix,  as  in — 

CATAB'ASIS,  from  KarajSaivu},  'I  descend.' 
An  expulsion  of  humours  downwards.  Also,  a 
descent,  Bescen'sus,  Bescen'sio,  —  as  of  the  tes- 
ticles, Beseen'sus  testicnln'rura, 

CATABLE'MA,  KaTal3\riiia,  [Kara  and  i^aXXeiv,) 
'anything  let  fall,  as  a  curtain,'  Epiible' ma,  Pe- 
rible'ma.  The  outermost  bandage  which  secures 
the  rest. 

CATABTTHISMOMA'NIA,  from  KaraM^a- 
fiog,  'submersion,'  and //avia,  'mania.'  Insanity, 
with  a  propensity  to  suicide  by  drowning. 

CATACASMUS,  Cupping,  Scarification. 

CATACAUMA,  Burn. 

CATACAUSIS,  Combustion,  human— c.  Ebri- 
osa.  Combustion,  human. 

CATACERAS'TICUS,  from  Karaiczpavvviii,  '1 
temper,'  'I  correct.'  The  same  as  Epicerastieus. 
A  medicine  capable  of  blunting  acrimony  of  the 
humours. 

CATACHASMOS,  Scarification 

CATACHRISIS,  Inunction. 

CATACHRISTON,  Liniment. 

CATACH'YSIS,  Effu'sio,  Perfu'8io,iTom  Kara- 
Xtw,  '  I  pour  upon.  Affusion  with  cold  water.  — 
Hippocrates.     Decantation. 

CATAC'LASIS,  from  KaTaK\ai;,u,,  'I  break  to 
pieces.'  Cam'pylum,  Carnpylo'tis.  Distortion,  or 
spasmodic  fixation  of  the  eyes  ;  spasmodic  occlu- 
sion of  the  eyelids.  Also,  fracture  of  a  bone. — 
Hippocrates,  Vogel. 

CATACLEIS',  from  Kara,  'beneath,'  and  kXch, 
'the  clavicle;'  'a  lock  or  fastening,'  KaraKXtuo 
(Kara  and  kXciixi),  I  lock  up.  This  term  has  been 
applied  to  many  parts,  as  to  the  first  rib,  the 
acromion,  the  joining  of  the  sternum  with  the 
ribs,  &e. 

CATACLEI'SIS,  same  etymon.  A  locking  up. 
Theactof  lockingup.  Morbidunion  of  the  eye-lids. 

CATACLYS'MUS,  Cataclys'ma,_  Cata'clysis, 
from  KaraKXv^eiv,  'to  submerge,  inundate.'  A 
Clyster. — Hippocr.  Others  mean,  by  the  term,  a 
shower-bath,  or  copious  afi'usion  of  water;  Catm- 
one'sis.     Ablution,  Bonche. 

CAT^ONESIS,  Catantlema,  Cataclysmus. 

CATAGAUNA,  Cambogia. 

CATAGLOSSUM,  Glossocatochus. 

CATAGMA,  Fracture — c.  Fissura,  Fissure,  see 
Contrafissura — c.  Fractura,  Fracture. 

CATAGMAT'ICS,  Catagmat'ica  remed'ia,  from 
Karay/ia,  'fracture.'  Remedies  supposed  to  be 
capable  of  occasioning  the  formation  of  callus. 

CATAGOGLOS'SUM,  from  Karayuv,  'to  draw 


CATAGRAPHOLOGIA 


175 


CATAPLASMA 


down,'  and  yXwaaa,  'the  tongue.'  An  instrument 
for  pressing  down  tlie  tongue.  See  Glossocato- 
chus. 

CATAGRAPHOLOGIA^Pharmacocatagrapho- 
logia. 

CATAIRE,  ISTepeta,  see  Fremissement  cataire. 

CATALEN'TIA.  Epilepsy,  or  some  disease 
resembling  it. — Paracelsus. 

CATALEPSIA  SPURIA,  Ecstasis. 

CATALEP'SY,  Catalep'sia,  Catalep'sis,  Cat'- 
oche,  Cat'ochiis,  Cat'oeha  Gale'ni,  Iforbus  atton'- 
itus  Cehi,  Hyste'ria  eatalep' tiea,  Congela'tio,  De- 
ten' tio,Eiicatalep' sis,  Aphonia — (Hippocr.,)jl  ?!««'- 
dia — (Antigenes,)  Apprehen'sio,  Contempjla'tio, 
Stupor  vi(/"ilana,  Prehen'sio,  Cams  CataUj^' sin, 
Oppres'sio,  Comprehen'sio — (Ca;l.  Aurelian,)  Com- 
pren' sio,Apoplex' ia  Catalep' 8ia,from  KaraXafifiavui, 
'I  seize  hold  of.'  Trance[?'\  (¥ .)  Catalei^sie.  A 
disease  in  which  there  is  sudden  suspension  of 
the  action  of  the  senses  and  of  volition ;  the 
limbs  and  trunk  preserving  the  different  positions 
given  to  them.  It  is  a  rare  aflfectiou,  but  is  seen, 
at  times,  as  a  form  of  hysteria.  Some  of  the 
Greek  writers  have  used  the  word  in  its  true  ac- 
ceptation of  a  seizure,  surprise,  <fcc. 

CATALEPTIC,  Catalep'ticus,  {¥.)Cataleptique. 
Same  etymon.  Relating  to  catalepsy.  Affected 
with  catalepsy. 

Catalep'tic  Method,  3Ieth'odus  Catalep' tica. 
The  administration  of  external  agents  when  in- 
ternal agents  are  inapplicable. 

CATALOT'IC,  Catalot'icus,  from  (caraXoaM,  'to 
break  or  grind  down.'  A  remedy  which  removes 
unseemly  cicatrices. 

CATAL'PA,  C.  Arbo'rea  seu  Cordifo'lia  seu 
Arbores'cens  seu  Bignonio'i'des  seu  Sj/rinr/csfo'lia, 
Bigno'nia  Oatal'pa,  Cataio'ha  tree,  Bean  tree, 
Indian  Bean.  A  decoction  of  the  pods  of  the 
Catalpa,  an  American  tree,  of  the  Order  Bigno- 
niaoeffi,  Didynamia  Angiospermia,  has  been  re- 
commended in  chronic  nervous  asthma. 

Catalpa  Arborea,  Catalpa — c.  Bignonioides, 
Catalpa — c.  Cordifolia,  Catalpa — c.  Syringaefolia, 
Catalpa. 

CATAL'YSIS,  Paralysis,  from  Kara,  and  aum, 
*I  dissolve  or  decompose.'  The  action  of  pre- 
sence in  producing  decomposition ;  as  when  a 
body  which  possesses  what  has  been  termed  ca- 
talytic force —  (F.)  Force  eatcdytique  —  resolves 
other  bodies  into  new  compounds  by  mere  con- 
tact or  presence,  without  itself  experiencing  any 
modification. 

CATALYT'IC,  Catalyt'icus.  Same  etymon. 
A  medicine,  which  is  presumed  to  act  by  the  de- 
struction or  counteraction  of  morbid  agencies  in 
the  blood. — Headland.     Sec  Catalysis. 

CATALYTIC  FORCE,  see  Catalysis. 

CATAMENIA,  Menses — c.  Alba,  Leucorrhoea. 

CATAME'NIAL,  Catamenia'Us,  Men'strual, 
Men'struus,  Men'struous,  (F.)  Menstruel,  from 
Kara,  and  yt-qv,  'a  month.'  Appertaining  or  rela- 
ting to  the  catamenia. 

CATAMENIORUM  FLUXUS  IMMODICUS, 
Menorrhagia. 

CATANANCE,  Cichorium  intybus. 

CATANGELOS,  Ruscus. 

CATAiSTTLE'MA,  Catantle' sis,  from  Kara, 
'upon,'  and  avrKaw,  'I  pour.'  Cateone'sis  and 
C'atcBone'sis.  Ablution  with  warm  water.  A  fo- 
mentation.— Moschion,  Marcellus  Empiricus. 

CATAPAS'MA,  from  KaraTracao),  '  I  sprinkle.' 
Catapas'tum,  Consper'sio,  Epipas'ton,  Pasma, 
Sympas'ma,  Empas'ma,  Diapas'ma,  Xer'ion,  As- 
per'sio,  Epispas'tum,  Pulvia  asperso'rius.  A  com- 
pound medicine,  in  the  form  of  powder,  employed 
by  the  ancients  to  sprinkle  on  ulcers,  absorb  per- 
epiration,  &c. — Paulus  of  Jilgina. 

CATAPH'ORA,  'a  fall,'  from  Karatpzpw,  'I 
throw  down.'    A  state   resembling  sleep,   with 


privation  of  feeling  and  voice.  Somnolency. 
According  to  others,  Cataphora  is  simply  a  pro- 
found sleep,  which  it  is  difBcult  to  rouse  from — 
in  this  sense  being  synonymous  with  Sopor. 

Cataphora  Coma,  see  Apoplexy — c.  Hydro- 
eephalica,  see  Apoplexy  —  c.  Cymini,  Theriaea 
Londinensis — c.  Magnetica,  Somnambulism,  mag- 
netic. 

CATAPHRAC'TA,  Cataphrae'tes,  a  Cuirass, 
from  KaTa(ppaaaiii,  '  I  fortif}'.'  A  name  given  by 
Galen  to  a  bandage  applied  round  the  thorax 
and  shoulders.     It  was  also  called  Quadri'ga. 

CATAPIESIS,  Depression. 

CATAPINOSIS,  Absorption. 

CATAP'LASIS,  from  KaTairXacauo,  'to  be- 
smear.' The  act  of  besmearing  or  overlaying 
with  plaster. 

CAT'APLASM,  Cataplas'ma,  E-piplas'- 
ma,  Poidtice,  Pultise,  (Prov.)  Puhey,  from 
KaraiiXaaaeiv,  (vara  and  -nXaacctv,  'to  form  or 
mould,')  'to  besmear.'  (F.)  Cataplasme.  A 
medicine  applied  externally,  under  the  form  of  a 
thick  pap.  Cataplasms  are  formed  of  various  in- 
gredients, and  for  different  objects.  They  may 
be  anodyne,  emollient,  tonic,  antiseptic,  irritating, 
&c.  A  simple  poultice  acts  only  by  virtue  of  its 
warmth  and  moisture.  Mealy,  fatty  substances, 
leaves  of  plants,  certain  fruits,  crumb  of  bread, 
&c.,  are  the  most  common  bases.  The  chief  poul- 
tices which  have  been  officinal  are  the  following: 
— Anodyne  —  c.  Cicutse,  c.  Digitalis.  Antiseptic 
— c.  Carbonis,  c.  Dauci,  e.  Fermenti,  e,  Acetosae, 
c.  Cumini.  Emollient — c.  Lini,  c.  Panis,  c.  Mali 
maturi.  Irritating — c.  Sinapis,  c.  Sodii  chloridi, 
e.  QuercHs  Marinae.  Tonic  and  Astringent  —  c. 
Alum,  c.  Goulard,  c.  of  Roses. 

The  Parisian  Codex  had  some  other  ofBcinal 
cataplasms  : — 1.  Catajjlas'ma  anod'ynum,  made  of 
poppy  and  hyoscyamus.  2.  Cataplas'maemolliens, 
made  of  meal  and  pulps.  .3.  Cataplas'ma  ad  sup- 
7)2(ra<!o'nemj3ro?«oi;en'rfam,  of  pulp3  and  basilicon. 
4.  Cataplas'ma  ruhefa' ciens  vel  antipleurit'icum, 
formed  of  pepper  and  vinegar. 

The  only  cataplasms,  the  preparation  of  which 
it  is  important  to  describe,  are  some  of  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

Cataplasm,  Alum,  Coagulum  Aluminosum  — 
c.  of  Beer  grounds,  see  Cataplasma  Fermenti  — 
c.  Carrot,  Cataplasma  Dauci — c.  Charcoal,  Cata- 
plasma carbonis  ligni  —  c.  of  Chlorinated  Soda, 
Cataplasma  Sodee  chlorinatse — c.  Flaxseed,  Cata- 
plasma Lini — c.  Hemlock,  Cataplasma  Conii — e. 
Ice,  see  Ice  —  c.  Linseed,  Cataplasma  Lini  —  c. 
Slippery  Elm,  Cataplasma  Ulmi — c.  Yeast,  Cata- 
plasma Fermenti. 

CATAPLASMA,  Cataplasm  — c.  Bynes,  see  C. 
FermentL 

Cataplas'ma  Carbo'nis,  Charcoal  Cataplasm 
or  pnnltice,  (F.)  Cataplasme  au  charbon.  Made 
by  adding  powdered  charcoal  to  a  common  cata- 
plasm.    Used  as  an  antiseptic  to  foul  ulcers,  &e. 

Cataplas'ma  Cosi'i,  Hemlock  Cataplasm,  maAe 
by  spreading  soft  Extract  of  Hemlock  on  sl  fax- 
seed  poultice.     Use-d  in  malignant  painful  ulcers. 

Cataplas'ma  Dauci,  Carrot  Cataplasm  or 
poultice.  Made  by  boiling  the  root  of  the  Carrot 
until  it  is  soft  enough  to  form  a  poultice.  Used 
in  fetid  ulcers. 

Cataplasma  F^cul^  Ceeetisi^,  see  C.  Fer- 
menti. 

Cataplas'ma  Ferment'i,  (7.  efferves'cens,  Yeast 
Cataplasm  or  poultice,  (F.)  Cataplasme  de  Levure. 
(Take  of  wheaten  flour,  ftj  ;  q/east  and  water,  aa, 
fgv.  Expose  to  a  gentle  heat.)  It  is  antiseptic, 
and  a  good  application  to  bruises.  A  Cataplasm 
of  Beer  Grounds,  Cataplasma  Fa'cidcB  Cerevis'im, 
C.  Bynes,  is  used  in  the  same  cases. 

Cataplas'ma  Lini,  Linseed  or  Flaxseed  Cata- 
jdasm,  (F.)  Cataplasme  de  farine  de  Lin,  Cata- 


CATAPLASMS 


176 


CATARACT 


plasme  commun,  made  by  mixing  hoiling  water 
with  linseed  meal,  is  an  excellent  emollient. 

Cataplas'ma  Sina'pis,  C.  Sina'peos,  Shi'a- 
2nsm,  Mustard  Catajjlasm,  poultice  or  plaster,  (F.) 
Gataplasme  de  3foutard  ou  Sinapisme.  {Mtistard 
and  linseed  meal  or  meal,  aa,  equal  parts;  warm 
vinegar  or  toater,  q.  s.)  A  rubefacient  and  stimu- 
lant applied  to  the  soles  of  the  feet  in  coma,  low 
typhus,  &c.,  as  well  as  to  the  pained  part  in  rheu- 
matism, &c. 

Cataplas'ma  Sod^e  CnLORiNA'TiE,  Cataplasm 
of  Chlo'rinated  Soda.  Made  by  adding  solution  of 
chlorinated  soda  to  a  cojnmoxi  flaxseed  cataplasm. 
Applied  to  foul,  offensive  ulcers. 

Cataplas'ma  Uljii,  Slippery  Elm  poultice,  is 
made  by  adding  boiling  water  to  the  powdered 
bark  of  Ulmus  fulva,  stirring  constantly.  It  is  a 
light,  agreeable  cataplasm. 

GATAPLASME,  Cataplasm  — c.  an  Charhon, 
Cataplasma  carbonis  ligni — c.  de  Purine  de  Lin, 
Cataplasma  lini. 

CATAPLEX'IS,  Stupor,  from  Kara,  and  nXriaaw, 
'I  strike.'  The  act  of  striking  with  amazement. 
Appearance  of  astonishment,  as  exhibited  by  the 
eyes  in  particular.     See  Hsemodia. 

CATAPOSIS,  Deglutition. 

CATAPOTIA,  Pilula. 

CATAPOTION,  Pilula. 

CATAPSYX'IS,  from  Kara4.uXu,' I  refrigerate.' 
Perii^syx'is.  Considerable  coldness  of  the  body, 
without  rigor  and  horripilatio. — Galen.  Perfric'- 
tio.  Coldness  in  the  extreme  parts  of  the  limbs. 
— Hippocrates. 

CATAPTO'SIS,  Deciden'tia,  a  fall.  This  word, 
at  times,  expresses  the  fall  of  a  patient,  attacked 
with  epilepsy  or  apoplexy ;  at  others,  the  sudden 
resolution  of  a  paralytic  limb. 

CATAPULTA  VIRILIS,  Penis. 

CATAPUTIA  MINOR,  Euphorbia  lathyris, 
Ricinus  communis. 

CAT'ARACT,  Catarac'ta,  Catarrhac'ia,  Suffu'- 
sio  Oc'nli,  S.  Lentis  crystall'inee,  Phtharma  cata- 
rac'ta, Cali'go  lentis,  Gutta  opa'ca,  Hypoc'hyma, 
Ho'poc'hysis,  Hopoph'ysis,  Phacoscoto'tua,  Parop'- 
sis  catarac'ta,  Glauco' ma  Woulhou'si,  from  Kara- 
pao-ffEiv,  {Kara  and  pauauv,)  'to  tumble  down.'  A 
deprivation  of  sight,  which  comes  on  as  if  a  veil 
fell  before  the  eyes.  Cataract  consists  in  opacity 
of  the  crystalline  lens  or  its  capsule,  which  pre- 
vents the  passage  of  the  rays  of  light,  and  pre- 
cludes vision.  The  causes  are  obscure.  Diag- 
nosis, —  The  patient  is  blind,  the  pupil  seems 
closed  by  an  opake  body,  of  variable  colour,  but 
commonly  whitish  :  —  the  pupil  contracting  and 
dilating.  Cataracts  have  been  divided,  by  some, 
into  spurious  and  genuine.  The  formei-,  where 
the  obstacle  to  vision  is  between  the  capsule  of 
the  lens  and  the  uvea:  the  latter,  where  it  is  in 
the  lens  or  capsule.  A  lenticular  cataract  is 
where  the  affection  is  seated  irt  the  lens  ; — a  cap- 
sular  or  vtemhranous,  in  the  capsule.  The  cap- 
sidar  is  divided  again,  by  Beer,  into  the  anterior, 
jjosterior,  and  complete  capsular  cataract.  When 
the  capsule  is  rendered  opake,  in  consequence 
of  an  injury,  which  cuts  or  ruptures  any  part  of 
it,  it  thickens,  becomes  leathery,  and  has  been 
called  Catarac'ta  arida  siliqno'sa.  Catarac'ta 
Morgagnia'na  lactea  seu  purifnr'mis  is  the  milky 
variety,  in  which  the  crystalline  is  transformed 
into  a  liquid  similar  to  milk,  (P.)  Cataracts  lai- 
teuse  ;  or,  as  generally  defined,  in  which  there  is 
opacity  of  the  fluid  situate  between  the  lens  and 
its  capsule.  The  cap'sulo-lentic' ular  affects  both 
lens  and  capsule,  {Achrystallodiaphanie,  Adia- 
phanie  perichrystaltique — Piorry,)  and  Beer  con- 
ceives the  liquor  Morgagni,  in  an  altered  state, 
m.ay  contribute  to  it.  Cataracts  are  also  called 
hard,  soft  [Phacomala' cia,),  stony,  (F.  pierreuse,) 
milky  or  cheesy  [laiteuse  ou  caseuse,),  Galactocata- 


rac'ta,  Catarac'ta  lactic'olor,  according  to  their 
density  :  —  white,  pearly,  yellow,  brown,  gray, 
green,  black,  (F.)  blanche,  perlee,  jaune,  hrune, 
grise,  verie,  tioire,  according  to  their  colour  :  — 
fixed  or  vacillating  —  catarac'ta  capsulo-lenticn- 
la'ris  fixa  vel  trem'ula,  (P.)  fixe  ou  branlante, 
according  as  they  are  fixed  or  movable  behind 
the  pupil.  They  are  likewise  called  Catarac'tce 
marmora'ciee,  fenestra'tce,  stella'tcB,  puncta'tcB, 
dimidia'tcB,  <fcc.,  according  to  the  appearances 
they  present. 

They  may  be  simple,  or  complicated  with 
adhesion,  amaurosis,  specks,  <fcc. ;  and  primary 
or  primitive,  when  opake  before  the  operation; — 
secondary,  when  the  opacity  is  the  result  of  the 
operation. 

The  following  classification  of  cataracts  is  by 
M.  Desmarres  : — 

Class  I. —  True  Cataracts. 

r 


Lenticular 
Cataracts. 


Hard. 


Soft. 


Liquid. 


C  Green, 
j  Black, 
j  Osseous. 
[  Stony  or  chalky, 
f  Striated, etiolated, 
barred,    dehis- 
cent, with  three 
branches,  <fcc. 
-  Disseminated,  or 
dotted. 
Congenital. 
Traumatic. 
[  Glaucomatous. 
["Morgagnian,     or 
J      interstitial. 
I  Cystic,  purulent, 
I     fetid. 
Other    varie-  r  Shaking,  or  fl.oat- 
ties,soft,hard,  <       ing. 
or  liquid.  (Luxated. 

7,    r,         1        r  K    1.    •  r  Pyramidal  or  ve- 

h.  Capsular    f  Anterior.  J     ■'^ 

Cataracts.     1  Posterior.         1    .  *?,  ^^].' 

c.  capsuio-  r  ^  ^'"    '^iiiq""se. 

xTor,f  -r.  1        )  ^^^  the  varieties  of  lenticular  and 
\  enLricuiar    -i  i      .-,  ,         , 

Cataracts.     (      capsular  Cataracts. 

d.   Secondary  I  ^^"^Jl'j^';^'-- 

Cataracts.     ]  r^        ^    \     i-     ■, 

[^  Capsulo-lenticular. 

Class  II. — False  Gaiaracts. 

Fibrinous. 
Purulent. 
Sanguineous. 
Pigmentous. 

Cataract  is  commonly  a  disease  of  elderly  indi- 
viduals, although,  not  unfrequently,  congen'ital. 
It  forms  slowly:  objects  are  at  first  seen  as 
through  a  mist;  light  bodies  appear  to  fly  before 
the  eyes,  and  it  is  not  until  after  months  or  years 
that  the  sight  is  wholly  lost.  jSTo  means  will  ob- 
viate the  evil  except  an  operation,  which  consists 
in  removing  the  obstacle  to  the  passage  of  the 
light  to  the  retina.  Four  chief  methods  are  em- 
ployed for  this  purpose.  1.  Couching  or  Deptres- 
sion,  Hycdonix'is,  Hyalonyx'is,  (F.)  Abaisseinenf, 
Deplacement  de  la  Cataracte.  This  consists  in 
passing  a  cataract  needle  through  the  sclerotica 
and  subjacent  membranes,  a  little  above  the 
transverse  diameter  of  the  eye ;  and  at  about  two 
lines'  distance  from  the  circumference  of  the 
transparent  cornea,  until  the  point  arrives  in  the 
posterior  chamber  of  the  eye.  With  this  the 
crystalline  is  depressed  to  the  outer  and  lower 
part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  where  it  is  left. 
2.  By  absorption,  —  by  the  French  termed  broic- 
ment  or  bruising.  This  is  performed  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  former ;  except  that,  instead  of 


CATARACTA 


177 


CATARTISMUS 


turning  the  crystalline  from  the  axis  of  the  visual 
rays,  it  is  divided  by  the  cutting  edge  of  the 
needle,  and  its  fragments  are  scattered  in  the 
humours  of  the  eye,  where  they  are  absorbed. 
3.  By  extraction,  which  consists  in  opening,  with 
a  particular  kind  of  knife,  the  transparent  cornea 
and  the  anterior  portion  of  the  capsule  of  the 
crystalline  ;  and  causing  the  lens  to  issue  through 
the  aperture.  Each  of  the  processes  has  its  ad- 
vantages and  disadvantages,  and  all  are  used  by 
surgeons.  4.  Some,  again,  pass  a  cataract  needle 
through  the  transparent  cornea  and  pupil  to  the 
crystalline,  and  depress  or  cause  its  absorption. 
This  is  called  Ceratonyxis.  See,  also,  Reclination. 
Cataract,  Black,  Amaurosis  —  c.  Capsular, 
see  Cataract — c.  Capsulo-lenticular,  see  Cataract 

—  c.  Central,  Centradiaphanes  —  c.  Cheesy,  see 
Cataract— c.  Congenital,  see  Cataract  —  c.  Com- 
plicated, see  Cataract  —  c.  Fixed,  see  Cataract  — 
c.  GenuinCj  see  Cataract — e.  Hard,  see  Cataract 

—  c.  Lenticular,  see  Cataract  —  c.  Membranous, 
see  Cataract — c.  Milky,  see  Cataract  —  c.  Opake, 
see  Cataract — c.  Primary,  see  Cataract. — c.  Primi- 
tive, see  Cataract— c.  Secondary,  see  Cataract — ■ 
c.  Simple,  see  Cataract — c.  Soft,  see  Cataract — c. 
Spurious,  see  Cataract — c.  Stony,  see  Cataract — 
c.  Vacillating,  see  Cataract. 

CATARACTA,  Cataract  —  c.  Arida  siliquosa, 
see  Cataract  —  c.  Capsulo-lenticularis,  see  Cata- 
ract— c.  Centralis,  Centradiaphanes  —  c.  Dimidi- 
ata,  see  Cataract  —  c.  Fenestrata,  see  Cataract  — 
c.  Glauca,  Glaucoma — e.  Lacticolor,  see  Cataract 

—  c.  Liquida,  Hygrocataracta  —  c.  Marmoracea, 
see  Cataract  —  c.  Morga.gniana,  see  Cataract — c. 
Nigra,  Amaurosis — c.  Punctata,  see  Cataract- — ^c. 
Stellata,  see  Cataract. 

CATARACTE,  ABAISSEMENT DE LA,  see 
Cataract — o.  Blanche,  see  Cataract — c.  Branlante, 
see  Cataract — c.  Bnine,  see  Cataract— c.  Caseuse, 
see  Cataract — c.  Deplacement  de  la,  see  Cataract 
— «.  Fixe,  see  Cataract — c.  Grise,  see  Cataract — 
c.  Jaxine,  see  Cataract — e.  Laiteuse,  see  Cataract 

—  c.  Noire,  Amaurosis,  see  Cataract  —  c.  Perlee, 
see  Cataract — e.  Pierreuse,  see  Cataract — c.  Verte, 
see  Cataract. 

CATARACTE  (F.),  Catarac'tus,  Catarae'td 
vitia'tus.  One  affected  with  cataract.  The  French 
use  this  term,  both  for  the  eye  affected  with  cata- 
ract and  the  patient  himself. 

CATARIA,  see  Nepeta — -c.  Vulgaris,  Nepeta. 

CATARRH',  Catar'rhns,  Catar'rhopiis,  Catar- 
rheu'ma,  Rheuma,  Bejlux'io,  Catastag'yaia,Phleg- 
matorrhag"ia,P}degmatorrhoe'a,  from  Kara,  'down- 
wards,' and  pEu,  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  fluid 
from  a  mucous  membrane.  The  ancients  consi- 
dered catarrh  as  a  simple  flux,  and  not  as  an  in- 
flammation. Generally  it  partakes  of  this  cha- 
racter, however.  Catarrh  is,  with  us,  usually 
restricted  to  inflammation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  air-passages  :  the  French  extend  it 
to  that  of  all  mucous  membranes;  (F.)  Flux 
viuqueux.  Fluxion  catarrhale. 

Catarrh,  in  the  English  sense,  Broncho  catar'- 
rhns, Pid'monary  Catarrh,  Lung  fever  (vul- 
garly), Rheuma  Pec'toris,  Destilla'tio  Pec'toris, 
Catar'rhus  Pec'toris,  C.  Pulmo'num,  0.  Pulnio- 
na'lis,  0.  Bronchia'lia,  Blennop'tysis,  Tus'sis  ca- 
iarrha'lis  8im23lex,  Grave'do  (of  many),  Fehris 
Catarrha'lis,  Blennotho' rax,  Bronchi'tis,  Catar'- 
rhus d  Fri'gore,  a  Cold,  (Prov.)  Cooth,  (P.)  Ca- 
tarrhe  pulmonaire,  Fievre  Catarrhale,  Rhume  de 
Poitrine,  is  a  superficial  inflammation  of  the  mu- 
cous follicles  of  the  trachea  and  bronchi.  It  is  com- 
monly an  afi'ection  of  but  little  consequence,  but 
apt  to  relapse  and  become  chronic.  It  is  charac- 
terized by  cough,  thirst,  lassitude,  fever,  watery 
eyes,  with  increased  secretion  of  mucus  from  the 
air-passages.  The  antiphlogistic  regimen  and 
time  usually  remove  it.  Sometimes,  the  inflam- 
12 


mation  of  the  bronchial  tubes  is  so  great  as  to 
prove  fatal. 

Catarrh,  Acute,  of  the  Uterus,  see  Metri- 
tis—  c.  Chronic,  Bronchitis,  (chronic)  —  c.  Dry, 
see  Bronchitis  —  c.  Pulmonary,  Bronchitis,  Ca- 
tarrh— c.  Rose,  Fever,  hay^c.  Suffocating  ner- 
vous, Asthma  Thymicum — c.  Summer,  Fever, 
hay. 

Catarrh',  Epidem'ic,  Catar'rhus  epidem'icus, 
C.  d  conta'gio,  Rheuma  epidem'icum.  Catarrh 
prevailing  owing  to  some  particular  Constitutio 
aeris,  and  affecting  a  whole  country, — Influenza. 

CATARRHACTA,  Cataract. 

CATAR'RHAL,  Catarrha'lis,  Catarrho'icus, 
Catarrho'it'icU'S,  Catarrhoet'icus.  Relating  to 
catarrh, — as  Catarrhal  Fever. 

CATARRHE  AIGUE  BE  U UTERUS,  see 
Metritis — c.  Buccal,  Aphthae  —  c.  Convulsive, 
Bronchitis — c.  Gastrique,  Gastritis — c.  Guttural, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  c.  Intestinal,  Diarrhoea  — 
c.  Laryngien,  Laryngitis  —  c.  Nasal,  Coryza  — 
c.  Oculaire,  Ophthalmia — -c.  de  l' Oreille,  Otir- 
rhcea — c.  Pharyngien,  Cynanche  parotidea  —  c. 
Pituiteux,  Bronchorrhoea  —  c.  Pulmonaire,  Ca- 
tarrh— c.  Sec  ;  see  Bronchitis — c.  Stomacal,  Gas- 
trorrhoea  —  e.  Uterin,  Leucorrhcea  —  c.  Ye' steal, 
Cystorrhoea. 

CATARRHEC'TICA,  from  Karappvywiii,  'I 
break  down.'  Remedies  considered  proper  for 
evacuating;  —  as  diuretics,  cathartics,  <&c. — Hip- 
pocrates. 

CATARRHEUMA,  Catarrh. 

CATARRHEUX{¥.)  Catarrho'sus.  One  sub- 
ject to  catarrh  ;  affected  with  catarrh. 

CATARRHEX'IA,  Catarrhex'is ;  same  ety- 
mon as  Catarrhectica.  The  action  of  Catarrhec- 
tiea.     Also,  effusion;  evacuation  of  the  bowels. 

CATARRHEXIS,  Catarrhexia,  Excrement— c. 
Vera,  Ha?matnr;hezia. 

CATARRHCEA,  Rheumatism. 

CATARRHOET'ICUS,  from  Karapficio,  'I  flow 
from.'  An  epithet  for  disease  produced  by  a 
discharge  of  phlegm;  catarrhal. 

CATAR'RHOPA  PHY'MATA,  from  Karappo- 
TTOs,  KarappoTZTig,  '  sloping  downwards.'  Tubercles 
tending  downwards,  or  with  their  apices  down- 
wards. 

CATARRHOPHE,  Absorption. 

CATARRHOPHESIS,  Absorption. 

CATARRHO'PIA,  Catar'rhysis,  from  Kara, 
'downwards,'  and  por.-q,  'inclination.'  An  afflux 
of  fluids  towards  the  inferior  parts,  and  especi- 
ally towards  the  viscera  of  the  abdomen.  The 
Greek  word  avappofria  expresses  an  opposite  phe- 
nomenon, or  a  tendency  towards  the  upper  parts. 

CATARRHOPUS,  Catarrh. 

CATARRHOS'CHESIS,  from  Karappog,  'ca- 
tarrh,' and  o-;^£o-(?,  'suppression.'  The  suppres- 
sion of  a  mucous  discharge. 

CATARRHUS,  Defluxion,  Tussis— c.  ^stivus, 
fever,  hay  —  c.  Bellinsulanus,  Cynanche  paroti- 
dfea  —  c.  Bronchialis,  Catarrh  —  c.  Bronchiorum. 
Bronchitis  —  c.  a  Contagio,  Influenza — c.  Epi- 
demicus,  Influenza,  Catarrh,  epidemic  —  c.  Geni- 
talium,  Leucorrhcea  —  c.  Gonorrhoea,  Gonorrhoea 
—  c.  Intestinalis,  Diarrhoea  —  c.  Laryngeus,  La- 
ryngo-catarrhus — c.  ad  Nares,  Coryza — c.  Nasa- 
lis,  Coryza  —  c.  Pulmonalis,  Catarrh  —  c.  Pulmo- 
num.  Bronchitis,  Catarrh — c.  Senilis,  Bronchitis, 
(chronic) — c.  Suflfocativus  Barbadensis,  C.  trache- 
alis — c.  Trachealis,  Laryngo-catarrhus  —  c.  Ure- 
thrae.  Gonorrhoea  pura  —  c.  Urethralis,  Gonor- 
rhoea— c.  Vesicae,  Cystorrhoea. 

CATARRHYSIS,  Catarrhopia,  Defluxion. 

CATARTISIS,  Catartismus. 

CATARTIS'MUS,  Catar' tisis,  from  KarapTi^eiv, 
'  to  repair,  replace.'  The  coaptation  of  a  luxated 
or  fractured  bone,  or  hernia. 


CATASARCA. 


178 


CATOCIlE 


CATASARCA,  Anasarca. 

CATASCEUB,  Structure. 

CATASCHASMUS,  Bloodletting,  Scarification. 

CATASTAGMUS,  Catarrh,  Coryza. 

CATASTALAGMUS,  Coryza,  Distillation. 

CATASTALTICA,  HEematostatica,  Sedatives, 
Styptics. 

CATAS'TASIS,  from  KaSiarrnjn,  'I  establish.' 
The  constitution,  state,  condition,  <fec.,  of  any 
thing.  —  Hippocrates.  Also,  the  reduction  of  a 
bone.     See  Constitution,  and  Habit  of  Body. 

CATAT'ASIS,  from  kututuvo),  'I  extend.'  Ex- 
tension. The  extension  and  reduction  of  a  frac- 
tured limb. — Hippocrates. 

CATATHLIPSIS,  Oppression. 

CATAWBA  TREE,  Catalpa. 

CATAXIS,  Fracture. 

CATCH  FLY,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium, 
Silene  Virginica. 

CATCHING,  see  Contagious. 

CATCHUP,  Ketchup. 

CAT'ECHU.  The  extract  of  the  wood  of 
Aca'cia  seu  Mimo'sa  Cat'echn,  Caml'cliu,  and  of 
the  leaves  of  Nau'clea  seu  Unca'ria  gnmhir,  ori- 
ental trees.  The  drug  is  also  called  Extrac'tum 
Catechu,  Terra  Japon'ica,  Japan  Earth,  Cascheu, 
Cadtchii,  Cashoiv,  Caitehu,  Cnstjoe,  Cacau,  Cate, 
Kaath,  Ciiti,  Ciitch,  Coira,  Siiccns  Japon'icus, 
Gamhir,  (F.)  Cachoa.  It  is  a  powerful  astringent, 
and  is  used  in  diarrhoea,  intestinal  hemorrhage, 
&o.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ^ss,  in  powder. 

Catbchu,  Square,  see  Nauclea  gambir. 

CATEIAD'ION,  from  Kara,  and  eia,  'a  blade  of 
grass.'  A  long  instrument  thrust  into  the  nostrils 
to  excite  hemorrhage  in  headach. — Aretseus. 

CATENAE  MUSCULUS,  Tibialis  antieus. 

CATEONESIS,  Catantlema. 

CATGUT,  Galega  Virginiana. 

CATH^'BESIS,  KaBaipeais,  'subtraction,  di- 
minution.' Extenuation  or  exhaustion,  owing  to 
forced   exercise.  —  Hippocrates.     The  action   of 

CATH^RETICUS,  Catheretic. 

CATHARETICUS,  Cathartic. 

CATHARISMOS,  Depuration. 

CATHAR'MA,  Purgament'vm.  The  matter 
evacuated  by  a  purgative,  or  by  spontaneous 
purging  :  also,  a  cathartic. 

CATHAR'MUS.  Same  etymon  ;  a  purgation. 
— Hippocrates.  Also,  the  cure  of  a  disease  by 
magic,  &c. 

CATHAR'SIS,  from  KaS-atpeiv,  (kuB'  and  aipetv, 
'to  take  away,')  'to  purge.'  Purga'tio,  Apoca- 
thar'sis,  Copropho'ria,  Coprophore'sis.  A  natu- 
ral or  aTtifi.da.\  purgation  of  any  passage; — mouth, 
anus,  vagina,  &c. 

CATHAR'TIC,  Cathar'ticus,  Cathare'ticus, 
Cathar'ma,  Coprocrit'tcum,  Coprago' gum,  Lustra- 
men'tum,  Purgana  medicament' um,  Trichilium, 
Dejecto'rium  Remed'ium,  Eccathar'ticus,  Hi/pactt- 
cus,  Hypochoret' icMS,  Alvum  evac'uans,  Hypel'atos, 
Lapae'ticus,  Apocathar'ticus.  Same  etymon.  (F.) 
Cathartique.  A  medicine  which,  when  taken  in- 
ternally, increases  the  number  of  alvine  evacua- 
tions. Some  substances  act  upon  the  upper  part 
of  the  intestinal  canal,  as  calomel  and  colocynth  ; 
others,  on  the  lower  part,  as  aloes  ;  and  some  on 
the  whole  extent,  as  saline  purgatives.  Hence  a 
choice  may  be  necessary.  Cathartics  are  divided 
into  purgatives  and  laxatives.  The  following  is 
a  list  of  the  chief  cathartics  : 

Aloe,  Cassia  Marilandiea,  Colocynthis,  Elate- 
rium,  Gambogia,  Hydrargyri  CWoridum  mite, 
Hydrargyri  Oxydum  nigrum,  Hydrarg.  cum 
Magnesia,  Jalapa,  Juglans,  Magnesia,  Magnesise 
Carbonas,  Magnesise  Sulphas,  Manna,  Mannita, 
Oleum  Euphorbiie  Lathyridis,  Oleum  Ricini, 
Oleum  Tiglii,  Podophyllum,  Potassse  Acetas,  Po- 
tissac  Bisulphas,  Potassse  Sulphas,  Potassas  Bi- 


tartras,  Potassae  Tartras,  Rheum,  Scammonium, 
Senna,  Sinapis,  Sodas  et  Potassse  Tartras,  Sodse 
Phosphas,  Sodce  Sulphas,  Sodii  Chloridum,  Sul- 
phur, Veratria,  Aquae  Minerales  Sulphurete  et 
Salinse,  Enemata,  Suppositoria. 

CATHARTIN,  see  Cassia  Senna,  and  Con- 
volvulus jalapa. 

CATHARTIQUE,  Cathartic. 

CATHARTOCARPUS,  Cassia  fistula. 

CATHEDRA,  Anus. 

CATHEMERINUS,  Quotidian. 

CATHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 

CATHERET'IC,  Cathceret'icua,  Ectylot'iexia, 
Sarcoph'agus,  from  Ka^aipcio,  '  to  eat,'  *  destroy.' 
Substances  applied  to  warts,  exuberant  granula- 
tions, &c.,  to  eat  them  down.     Mild  caustics. 

CATH'ETER,  from  KaSiv/xt  {Ka6\  and  17,^1,  'to 
send,')  'I  explore.'  JEne'a,  Al'galie,  Algalic, 
Gathete'ris,  Demissor,  Immis'sor.  A  hollow  tube, 
introduced  by  surgeons  into  the  urinary  bladder, 
for  the  purpose  of  drawing  off  the  urine.  Cathe- 
ters are  made  of  silver  or  elastic  gum.  See  Bougie, 
The  French  generally  use  the  word  catheter  for 
the  solid  sound  or  staff ;  and  algalie  and  sonde 
for  the  hollow  instrument. 

Catheter,  Nasal.  An  instrument,  invented 
by  M.  Gensoul,  of  Lyons,  for  catheterizing  the 
ductus  ad  nasum.  It  is  hook-shaped ;  the  extre- 
mity, bent  at  a  right  angle,  is  about  an  inch  in 
length,  suited  to  the  distance  of  the  lower  orifice 
of  the  duct  from  the  nostril,  and  likewise  to  the 
length  and  form  of  the  duct,  with  a  slight  spiral 
turn. 

CATHETERIS,  Catheter. 

CATHETERISIS,  Catheterismus. 

CATHETERIS'MUS,  Cathete' riais,  Catheteri- 
sa'tio,  Cath' eterism,  Catheteriza'tion,  Immis'sio 
Cathete'ris,  same  etymon.  The  introduction  of  a 
catheter  or  sound  into  a  natural  passage,  as 
through  the  urethra  into  the  bladder  or  into  the 
Eustachian  tube,  larynx,  &c.  Also,  probing  a, 
wound.     Melosis. 

CATHETERIZATION,  Catheterismus. 

CATH'ETERIZE.  To  perform  the  operation 
of  catheterism,— in  other  words,  to  introduce  the 
catheter:  to  probe  or  sound  a  cavity. 

CATHID'RYSIS,  from  KaSiipvii,  '  I  place  to- 
gether.' Reduction  ofa  part  to  its  natural  situation. 

CATHMIA,  Plumbi  oxydum  semi-vitreum. 

CATHMIR,  Calamina. 

CATH'ODIC,  Cathod'icus;  from  KaO',  'down- 
wards,' and  b&os,  'a  way.'  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  a  downward  course  of  ner- 
vous action. 

CATH'OLIC  HUMOURS,  (F.)  Bumeura  Ca- 
thoUquea,  are  the  fluids  spread  over  the  whole 
body. 

CATHOLICON,  Panacea. 

Cathol'icon  Duplex.  An  ancient  purging 
electuary,  chiefly  composed  of  cassia,  tamarinds, 
rhubarb,  senna,  Ac. 

CATIL'LIA.     A  weight  of  nine  ounces. 

CATILLUS,  Cup. 

CATINUS  FUSORIUS,  Crucible. 

CATLING,  Knife,  double-edged. 

CATNEP,  Nepeta  Cataria. 

CATO,  (caroj,  'below,'  'beneath.'  ^'his  word, 
in  the  writings  of  Hippocrates,  is  often  used  for 
the  abdomen,  especially  the  intestines.  When  he 
advises  a  remedj'  Karui,  he  means  a  purgative; 
when  avw,  'above  or  upwards,'  an  emetic.  As  a 
prefix,  Cato  means  'beneath,'  as  in 

C  A  T  0  C  A  T  H  A  R'T  I C,  Catocathar'ticus,irora 
KOTw,  '  downwards,'  and  xa^aiija),  '  I  purge.'  A 
medicine  which  purges  downwards.  One  that 
produces  alvine  evacuations.  She  antithesis  to 
Anacathartic. 

CATOCHA  GALENI,  Catalepsy. 

CAT'OCHE,  Cat'ocheis,  Cat'ochns,  from  icars^fu. 


CATOCHUS 


179 


CAULORRHAGIA 


'I  retain,'  'I  hold  fast.'  This  word  has,  by  some, 
been  used  synonymously  with  Catalepsy ;  by 
others,  with  Coma  vigil;  by  others,  with  Tetanus. 

CATOCHUS,  Catoche,  Ecstasis  — c.  Cervinus, 
Tetanus — c.  Holotonicus,  Tetanus — c.  Infantum, 
Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

CATOMIS'MOS,  from  /caru,  'beneath,'  and 
<i)liC)S,  'shoulder;'  Siibhumera'tio.  A  mode  with 
tlie  ancients  of  reducing  luxation  of  the  humerus 
by  raising  the  body  by  the  arm.— Paulus  of  jEgina. 

CATOPTER,  Speculum. 

CATOP'TRIC,  Ccaop'tricus,  (P.)  Catoptnque, 
from  KaTOKTpts  or  (caroTrrpov,  'a  mirror.'  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  Catoptrics  or  the  reflection  of 
light. 

Catop'tric  Examination  of  the  Eye.  When 
a  lighted  candle  is  held  before  the  eye,  the 
pupil  of  which  has  been  dilated  by  belladonna, 
three  images  of  it  are  seen  —  two  erect,  and 
one  inverted : — the  former  owing  to  reflection 
from  the  cornea  and  anterior  surface  of  the  crys- 
talline; the  latter  owing  to  reflection  from  the 
posterior  layer  of  the  crystalline  inverted,  and 
between  the  other  two.  This  mode  of  examining 
the  eye  has  been  proposed  as  a  means  of  diagno- 
sis between  cataract  and  amaurosis.  In  the  latter, 
all  the  images  are  seen. 

CATOPTROMANCY,  from  Karonrpov,  (Kara, 
and  oTZTojiai),  'a  mirror,'  and  navma,  'divination.' 
A  kind  of  divination  by  means  of  a  mirror. 

CATOPTRON,  Speculum. 

CATORCHI'TES.  A  kind  of  sour  wine,  pre- 
pared with  the  orchis  and  black  grape,  or  dried 
figs.  It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  diuretic  and 
emmenagogue. — Dioscorides.  Called,  also,  Si/ci'- 
tes. — Galen. 

CATORETICUS,  Purgative. 

CATOTERICUS,  Purgative. 

CATO'TICA,  from  Karui,  'beneath.'  Diseases 
infecting  internal  surfaces.  Pravity  of  the  fluids 
or  emunctories,  that  open  on  the  internal  surfaces 
of  organs.  The  second  order  in  the  class  Eccri- 
tiea  of  Good. 

CATOX'YS,  Peracu'ius,  from  Kara,  'an  inten- 
sive,' and  o^vf,  'acute.'  Highly  acute;  as  Morbus 
Catoxys,  M.  Peracu'ius,  a  very  acute  disease. 

CATS'  EYE.  A  name,  under  which  several 
morbid  conditions  of  the  eye  would  appear  to 
have  been  confounded — all  agreeing,  however,  in 
presenting  an  opalescent  appearance  of  the  pupil 
or  of  the  bottom  of  the  eye;  those  parts  reflect- 
ing- the  light  in  various  colours,  or,  at  least,  with 
various  degrees  of  intensity,  according  to  the 
direction  in  which  the  eye  is  turned.  This  ap- 
^pearance  was  compared  lay  Beer  to  the  reflection 
from  the  tapetum  of  the  eye  of  the  cat. — Mac- 
kenzie. 

Cat's  eye.  Amaurotic,  see  Amaurotic. 

Cat's  foot,  Antennaria  dioica. 

Cat's  purr,  Fremissement  Cataire. 

CATTAGAUMA,  Cambogia. 

CATTITEROS,  Tin. 

CATULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

CATU'RUS  SPICIFLO'RUS,  (KaTra,  Catns, 
'a  cat,'  and  ovga,  'tail,')  Cauda  felis,  from  the 
shape  of  its  flowers.  Acal'ypha  his'pida.  An 
East  Indian  shrub,  Order,  Euphorbiacese ;  used 
in  its  native  country,  in  decoction,  in  diarrhoea 
and  dysentery. 

CAi'U-TRIPALT,  Piper  longum. 

CAUCALIS  CAROTA,  Daucus  carota— e.  Sa- 
nicula,  Sanicula. 

CAUCALOIDES,  Patella. 

CAUCASIAN,  see  Homo. 

CA  UCHEMAR,  Incubus. 

CAUCHEVIETLLE,  Incubus. 

CAUCHUC,  Caoutchouc. 

CAUDA,  see  Clitorism,  Coccyx,  Penis. 


Cauda  Equi'na.  The  spinal  marrow,  at  its 
termination,  about  the  second  lumbar  vertebra, 
gives  oS'  a  considerable  number  of  nerves,  which, 
when  unravelled,  resemble  a  horse's  tail ;  hence 
the  name;  (F.)  Queue  de  Cheval,  Q.  de  la  Moelle 
Epiniere.     See  Medulla  Spinalis. 

Cauda  Felis,  Caturus — u.f.  Agrestis,  Acalypha 
betulina. 

Cauda  Salax,  Penis. 

CAUDAL,  Caudate,  Cauda'lis,  Cauda'tus;  from 
Cauda,  'a  tail.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to  a 
tail.  Having  a  tail  or  tail-like  appendage  : — ■ 
as  'caudal  or  caudate  cells  or  corpuscles'  —  cells 
or  corpuscles  having  a  tail-like  appendage,  as  in 
cancerous  growths. 

CAUDATE,  Caudal. 

CAUDATIO,  Clitorism. 

CAUDATUS,  Bicaudatus. 

CAUDEX  CEREBRI,  Peduncles  of  the  brain. 

CAUDIEZ,  MI^TERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cau- 
diez  is  a  small  town,  nine  leagues  from  Perpig- 
nan,  in  France,  where  there  is  a  thermal  spring, 
containing  a  little  sulphate  of  soda  and  iron. 

CAUDLE,  Coiodel,  (F.)  Chaudeau,  from  chaud, 
'warm  or  hot.'  A  nourishing  gruel  given  to  wo- 
men during  the  childbed  state.  The  following  is 
a  form  for  it :  Into  a  pint  of  fine  gruel,  not  thick, 
put,  whilst  it  is  boiling  hot,  the  yolk  of  an  egg 
beaten  with  sugar,  and  mixed  with  a  large  spixin- 
ful  of  cold  water,  a  glass  of  wine,  and  nutmeg. 
Mix  the  whole  well  together.  Brandy  is  some- 
times substituted  for  the  wine,  and  lemon  peel 
or  capillaire  added.  It  is  also  sometimes  made 
of  gruel  and  beer,  with  sugar  and  nutmeg. 

CAUL,  from  (L.)  caula,  'a  fold,'  Pihis,  Pile'- 
olus,  Ga'lea,  Vitta,  (P.)  Coeffe,  Coiffe  —  {£fre  ne 
eoiffe — 'to  be  born  with  a  caul.')  The  English 
name  for  the  omentum.  When  a  child  is  born 
with  the  membranes  over  the  face,  it  is  said  to 
have  been  'born  tcith  a  caul.'  In  the  catalogue 
of  superstitions,  this  is  one  of  the  favourable 
omens.  The  caul  itself  is  supposed  to  confer 
privileges  upon  the  possessor;  hence  the  mem- 
branes are  dried,  and  sometimes  sold  for  a  high 
price.     See  Epiploon. 

CAULE'DON,  Cicye'don,  from  fcauXof,  'a  stalk.' 
A  transverse  fracture. 

CAU'LIFLOWER,  (G.)  Kohl,  'cabbage,'  and 
flower  [?],  Brassica  Florida. 

Cauliflower  Excrescence,  (F.)  Choufleur. 
An  excrescence,  which  appears  about  the  origin 
of  the  mucous  membranes,  chiefly  about  the  anus 
and  vulva,  and  which  resembles,  in  appearance, 
the  head  of  the  cauliflower.  It  is  often  syphilitic 
in  its  character. 

Cauliflower  Excrescence  op  the  Uterus, 
Metrobot'rytes.  A  morbid  growth  from  a  part, 
or  the  whole,  of  the  circumference  of  the  os 
uteri;  and,  at  times,  from  the  surface  of  the 
cavity  of  the  uterus.  It  is  doubtful  whether  its 
progress  can  be  arrested  except  by  excision. 

CAULIS,  Penis — c.  Florida,  Brassica  Florida. 

CAULOPHYL'LUM  THALICTROI'DES, 
(KavXog,  'a  stalk  or  stem,'  and  <pv\Xov,  'a  leaf;'  so 
called  because  the  leaf-stalks  appear  like  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  stem.)  Leon'tice  thalictro'i'des, 
Blueberry  Cohosh,  Cohosh,  Cohush,  Blue  Cohosh, 
Blueberry,  Papoose  Boot,  Squaw  Boot,  Blue  Gin- 
seng, Yellow  Ginseng,  a  plant  of  the  Family  Ber- 
berideae  ;  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia,  which 
grows  all  over  the  United  States,  flowering  in  May 
and  June.  The  infusion  of  the  root  is  much  used 
by  the  Indians  in  various  diseases.  To  it  are 
ascribed  emmenagogue  and  diaphoretic  virtues. 

CAULOPLE'GIA,  from  icavAof,  'the  male  or- 
gan,' and  TiXriyr],  'a  wound,'  or  'stroke.'  An  in- 
jury or  paralysis  of  the  male  organ. 

CAULORRHAGIA,  Stimatosis— c.  Ejaculato- 


CAULORRHGSA  BENIGNA 


180 


ria,  Spermato-cystidorrliagia — c.  Stillatitia,  Ure- 
throrrhagia» 

CAULORRHCEA  BENIGNA,  Gonorrhoea 
pura. 

CAULUS,  Penis. 

CAUMA,  Kavfia,  '  a  burnt  part,'  from  Katw,  '  I 
burn.'  Great  heat  of  the  body  or  atmosphere. 
Synocha,  Empresma. 

Cauma  Bronchitis,  Cynanehe  trachealis — c. 
Carditis,  Carditis  —  c.  Enteritis,  Enteritis  —  c. 
Gastritis,  Gastritis — c.  Haemorrhagicum,  Haemor- 
rhagia  activa  —  c.  Hepatitis,  Hepatitis  —  c.  Oph- 
thalmitis, Ophthalmia — c.  Peritonitis,  Peritonitis 
—  c.  Phrenitis,  Phrenitis  —  c.  Pleuritis,  Pleuritis 
— c.  Podagricum,  Gout — c.  Pwheumatismiis,  Rheu- 
matism, acute. 

CAUMATO'DES,  Caumate'ms,  from  Kavna, 
'fire,  heat.'  Burning  hot.  Fehris  caumato'des, 
F.  causo'des.     Inflammatory  fever.     Synocha. 

CAUNGA,  Areca. 

CAUSA  CONJUNCTA,  Cause,  proximate— c. 
Continens,  Cause,  proximate. 

CAUSAE  ABDIT^,  Causes,  predisponent  or 
remote — e.  Actuales,  Causes,  occasional — c.  Prae- 
incipientes,  Causes,  procatarctic — c.  Proegume- 
nse.  Causes,  predisponent. 

CAUSE,  Can'sa,  Ai'tia,  Ai'tion.  An  act  Tvhich 
precedes  another,  and  seems  to  be  a  necessary 
condition  for  the  concurrence  of  the  latter.  The 
causes  of  disease  are  generally  extremely  ob- 
scure ;  although  they,  sometimes,  are  evident 
enough.  The  predisponent  and  occasional  causes 
are  the  only  two  on  which  any  stress  can  be 
laid;  but  as  authors  have  divided  them  differ- 
ently, a  short  explanation  is  necessary. 

Cause,  Ac'cessort,  (F.)  Cause  Accessoire. 
One  which  has  only  a  secondary  influence  in  the 
production  of  disease. 

Causes,  Accident'al,  Common  Causes,  (F.) 
Causes  Accidentelles,  are  those  which  act  only 
in  certain  given  conditions  ;  and  which  do  not 
always  produce  the  same  disease.  Cold,  e.  g., 
may  be  the  accidental  cause  of  pneumonia,  rheu- 
matism, <fcc. 

CAUSES  CACHE ES,  C.  occult— c.  Common, 
C.  accidental — c.  Exciting,  C.  Occasional — c.  Es- 
sential, C.  Specific — c.  Determinantes,  C.  Specific 
— c.  Eloignees,  C.  Predisponent. 

Causes,  External,  (F.)  Causes  extemes,  are 
such  as  act  externally  to  the  individual:  as  air, 
cold,  &G. 

CAUSES  F0R3IELLES  (¥.),  are  such  as 
determine  the  form  or  kind  of  disease.  They 
diifer  from  the  Causes  inate>-ielles,  which  are 
common  to  a  set  of  diseases;  as,  to  the  neuroses, 
phlegmasiae,  &c. 

Causes,  Hidden,  C.  Occult — e.  Immediate,  C. 
essential. 

Causes,  Intern'al,  (F.)  Causes  Internes,  are 
those  which  arise  within  the  body;  as  mental 
emotions,  &,c. 

Causes,  Mechan'ical,  (F.)  Causes  micaniques, 
are  those  which  act  mechanically,  as  pressure 
upon  the  windpipe  in  inducing  suffocation. 

Causes,  Negative,  (F.)  Causes  negatives,  com- 
prise all  those  things,  the  privation  of  which 
may  derange  the  functions: — as  abstinence  too 
long  continued.  They  are  opposed  to  positive 
causes,  which,  of  themselves,  directly  induce  dis- 
ease ; — as  the  use  of  indigestible  food,  spirituous 
drinks,  Ac. 

Causes,  Obscure,  C.  Occult. 

Causes,  Occa'sional,  Exci'ting  Causes,  Causa 
ar.tua'les,  (P.)  Causes  occasionelles,  are  those 
which  immediately  produce  disease.  The  occa- 
sional causes  have  been  divided  into  the  cogniz- 
able and  non-cognizable. — C.  J.  B.  Williams. 


Exciting 

Causes 

OF 

Disease. 


CAUSTICITI 

I.  Cognizable  Agents. 

1.  Mechanical. 

2.  Chemical. 

3.  Ingesta. 

4.  Bodily  exertion. 

5.  Mental  emotion. 

6.  Excessive  evacuation. 

7.  Suppressed  or  defective  evacua- 

tion. 

8.  Defective  cleanliness,  ventilation, 

and  draining. 

9.  Temperature  and  changes. 

II.  Non- Cognizable  Agents. 

1.  Endemic. 

2.  Epidemic.      J-  Poisons. 

3.  Infectious. 


Causes,  Occult',  Hidden  causes.  Obscure  causes, 
(F.)  Causes  occultes  ou  caehees  ou  obscures.  Any 
causes  with  which  we  are  unacquainted;  also, 
certain  inappreciable  characters  of  the  atmo- 
sphere, which  give  rise  to  epidemics. 

Causes,  Phys'ical,  (F.)  Causes  Physiques, — 
those  which  act  by  virtue  of  their  physical  pro- 
perties;  as  form,  hardness,  <fcc.  All  vuln crating 
bodies  belong  to  this  class. 

Causes,  Physiolog"ical,  (F.)  Causes  Pliysio- 
logiques,  those  which  act  only  on  living  matter; 
— narcotics,  for  example. 

Causes,  Predispo'nent,  C.  predispo'sing,  Re- 
mote  causes.  Causes  proegu'mencB,  Causa  ab'ditcs, 
Causa  remo'ta ;  (F. )  Causes  p)^^disp)onantes. 
Causes  eloignees,— those  which  render  the  body 
liable  to  disease.  They  may  be  general,  affecting 
a  number  of  people,  or  particular,  affecting  only 
one  person. 

Causes,  Prin'cipal,  (F.)  Causes  principales, 
— those  which  exert  the  chief  influence  on  the 
production  of  disease,  as  distinguished  from  the 
accessory  causes. 

Causes,  Procatarc'tic,  Causa  procatare'tica, 
Causa  praincipien'tes,  from  TrpoxarapKTtKo;,  '  the 
origin  or  beginning  of  a  thing,'  (^po,  'before,'  and 
Kurap'^u),  '  I  begin.')  These  words  have  been  used 
with  different  significations.  Some  have  em- 
ployed them  synonj'mously  with  predisponent  or 
remote  causes  j  others  with  occasional  or  exciting 
causes. 

CAUSE  PROCHAINE,  C.  proximate. 

Cause,  PROx'nrATE,  Causa  "prox'ima  seu  con'- 
tinens  seu  coiijunc'ta,  (P.)  Cause  continente  ou  pro- 
chaine,  may  be  the  disease  itself.  Superabundance 
of  blood,  e.  g.,  is  the  proximate  cause  of  plethora. 

Causes,  Remote,  C.  predisponent. 

Causes,  Specif'ic,  Essen'tial  or  Imme'diate 
causes,  &c.,  (F.)  Causes  specifiques,  C.  essentielles, 
G.  determinantes ; — those  which  produce  a  deter- 
minate disease. 

CAUSIS.  Burn,  Ebullition,  Fermentation,  In- 
cendium,  Ustion. 

CAUSOMA,  Inflammation. 

CAUS'TIC,  Ca-us'ticus,  Cauteret'icus,  Diaret'- 
icus,  Ero'dens,  Adu'rens,  Urens,  Pt/rot'icus,  from 
Kaib),  'I  burn,'  Kavaog,  'heat.'  (F.)  Caustique. 
Bodies  which  have  the  prop'erty  of  causticity ; 
and  which,  consequently,  burn  or  disorganize 
animal  substances.  The  word  is  also  used  sub- 
stantively. The  most  active  are  called  Escharot'- 
ics.     Caustics  are  also  termed  'corrosives.' 

Caustic  Bearer,  Porte-]}ierre — c.  Paste,  Can- 
quoin's,  Pasta  Zinci  chloridi. 

CAUSTICA  ADUSTIO,  Cauterization. 

CAUSTICITY,  Caustic"itas,  from  KavcrriKo;, 
'  that  which  burns,'  (xaioi,  '  I  burn.')  The  impres- 
sion which  caustic  bodies  make  on  the  organ  of 
taste;  or,  more  commonly,  the  property  which 
distinguishes  those  bodies. 


CAUSTlOOPHORUM 


181 


CAVERNOUS 


CAUSTlOOPHORUM,  Porte-plerre. 

CAUS'TICUM  ^THIOP'ICUM,  Unguen'tum 
31elan'icum  caus'ticuni.  A  sort  of  paste,  made  by 
rubbing  powdered  saffron  with  concentrated  sul- 
phuric acid,  recommended  by  Velpeau  as  a  caus- 
tic in  cases  of  gangrenous  and  carcinomatous  ul- 
cers. The  acid  is  the  caustic :  the  saffron,  the 
constituent  merely. 

Causticum  Alkalinum,  Potassa  fusa — c.  Ame- 
ricanum,  Veratrum  sabadilla  —  c.  Antimoniale, 
Antimonium  muriatum. 

Causticum  CoMMu'Nii,  Poten'tial  Cautery,  Com- 
mon Caustic,  Caute'riuni  potentia'le,  Lajyis  sep'- 
ticus,  Gaus'tic.iim  commu'ne  mtt'ius.  This  con- 
sists of  quicklime  and  black  soap),  of  each  equal 
parts. 

Causticum  Commune,  Potassa  fusa  —  c.  Com- 
mune aeerrimum,  Potassa  fusa — c.  Commune  for- 
tius, Potassa  cum  calce — c.  Lunare,  Argenti  nitras 
—  c.  Potentials,  Potassa  fusa  —  c.  Salinum,  Po- 
tassa fusa — c.  Viennense  fusum  Filhos,  see  Pow- 
der, Vienna. 

CAUSTIQUE,  Caustic— c.  Filhoi,  see  Powder, 
Vienna — c.  de  Vienne,  Powder,  Vienna. 

CAUSUS,  from  Kaim,  ' I  burn,' /cautrof,  'heat.' 
A  highly  ardent  fever;  Den' reus.  Pinel  regards 
it  as  a  complication  of  bilious  and  inflammatory 
fever;  Broussais,  as  an  intense  gastritis,  accom- 
panied with  bilious  symptoms.     See  Synoeha. 

Causus,  Endemial,  of  the  West  Indies, 
Fever,  Yellow  —  c.  Tropicus  endemicus.  Fever, 
Yellow. 

CAUTER,  Cauterium. 

GAUTERE,  Cauterium,  Fonticulus  — c.  lahe- 
rent,  Inherent  cautery. 

CAUTERETICUS,  Caustic. 

CAUTERETS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Cauterets  is  a  hourg  seven  leagues  from  Bareges 
[Hautes-Pyrenees,)  France.  The  waters  are  hy- 
drosulphurous  and  thermal — temperature  123°  F. 
They  are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  Bareges 

CAUTERIASMUS,  Cauterization. 

CAUTE'RIUM,  C.  actua'le.  Canter,  Cau'tenj, 
Inusto'rium,  Bupto'rium,  Ignis  actna'lis,  from 
Kaitii,  'I  burn,'  Kavrrjp,  'a  burner.'  (F.)  Cautere, 
Feu  actuel.  A  substance,  used  for  'firing,'  burn- 
ing or  disorganizing  the  parts  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied. Cauteries  were  divided  by  the  ancients 
into  actual  and  potential.  The  word  is  now  re- 
stricted to  the  red-hot  iron  ;  or  to  positive  burn- 
ing. It  was,  formerly,  much  used  for  preventing 
hemorrhage  from  divided  arteries;  and  also  with 
the  same  views  as  a  blister.  The  term  Poten'tial 
Cautery,  Caute'riuni  potentia'le.  Ignis  potentia'lis, 
(F.)  Feit  potentiel,  was  generally  applied  to  the 
causticum  commune,  but  it  is  now  used  synony- 
mously with  caustic  in  general.  Cautere  also 
means  an  issue. 

Cauterium  Actuale,  Cauterium. 

CAUTERIZA'TIOX,  Cauterisu'tio,  Cauterias'- 
mus,  Exus'tio,  Inus'tio,  Caus'tica  Adus'tio,  Firing. 
The  effect  of  a  cautery  or  caustic.  The  French, 
amongst  whom  cauterization  is  much  used,  dis- 
tinguished five  kinds  :  1.  Cauterisation  InJierente, 
which  consists  in  applying  the  actual  cautery 
freely,  and  with  a  certain  degree  of  force,  so  as 
to  disorganize  deeply.  2.  Cauterisation  trans- 
eurrente,  which  consists  in  passing  the  edge  of 
the  Cautere  cultellaire,  or  the  point  of  the  Oauth-e 
conique  lightly,  so  as  not  to  disorganize  deeply. 
3.  Cauterisation  par  piointes,  which  consists  in 
applying  on  the  skin,  here  and  there,  the  hot 
point  of  the  conical  cautery,  with  sufficient  force 
to  cauterize  the  whole  thickness  of  the  skin.  4. 
Cauterisation  lente,  sloio  cauterization,  by  means 
of  the  moxa.     5.   Cauterisation   objective,  which 


consists  in  holding  the  cautery  at  some  distance 
from  the  part  to  be  acted  upon  by  it. 

Cau'terize;  Caustieo  adurere  ;  (F.)  Cau- 
t&riser.  To  apply  a  cautery  or  caustic.  To  burn 
with  a  cautery  or  caustic. 

CAUTERY,  Cauterium — c.  Galvanic,  see  Moxa 
— e.  Potential,  Causticum  commune,  Cauterium. 

CAVA,  Vulva. 

Cava  Vena,  Vena  hepati'tes.  The  hollow  or 
deep-seated  vein.  (F.)  Veine  cave.  A  name 
given  to  the  two  great  veins  of  the  body,  which 
meet  at  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart.  The  vena 
cava  sujie'rior,  thorac" ica  seu  descen'dens,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  subclavians;  and  re- 
ceives successively,  before  its  termination  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  right  auricle,  the  inferior  thy- 
roid, right  internal  mammary,  superior  diaphrag- 
matic, azygos,  &c.  The  vena  cava  infe'rior,  ab- 
domina' lis  seu  ascen' dens,  arises  from  the  union 
of  the  two  primary  iliacs,  opposite  the  fourth  or 
fifth  lumbar  vertebra,  receives  the  middle  sacral, 
lumbar,  right  spermatic,  hepatic,  and  inferior  dia- 
phragmatics,  and  opens  at  the  posterior  and  in- 
ferior part  of  the  right  auricle. 

CAVATIO,  Cavity. 

CAVEA,  Cavity — c.  jSTarium,  Nares. 

CAVER'NA,  Antrum.  'A  cavern.'  This  term 
has  been  used  for  the  female  organs  of  generation. 
See  Cavity,  and  Vulva. 

Caverna  Narium,  Nares. 

Cavernjs  Dentium,  Alveoli  dentium  —  c. 
Frontis,  Frontal  Sinuses. 

CAVERNEUX,  Cavernous. 

CAVERNOUS,  Oaverno'sus,  (P.)  Caverneux. 
Filled  with  small  cavities  or  caverns,  —  as  a 
sponge. 

Cavernous  Bodies,  Cor'pora  Cavernos'a  of  the 
penis,  Cor'jiora  nervo'sa  seu  Ner' veo-spongio' sa 
Penis,  (F.)  Corps  Caverneux.  The  corpus  caver- 
nosum  is  a  kind  of  cylindrical  sac,  composed  of 
cells;  separated,  through  its  whole  extent,  by  a 
vertical,  incomplete  septum.  Septum  pectinifor' - 
me,  Trabec'tdas  cor'porum  cavernosa' rum,  and 
forming  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  penis.  The 
corpus  eavernosum,  on  each  side,  arises  from  the 
ascending  portion  of  the  ischium,  and  terminates 
obtusely  behind  the  glans.  The  arteries  of  the 
corpora  cavernosa  come  from  the  internal  pudic. 
See  Helicine  Arteries.  Nerves  are  found  on  the 
surface  of  the  outer  membrane,  but  they  do  not 
appear  to  penetrate  the  substance,  and  the  smooth 
muscular  fibre  has  been  traced  into  the  fibrous 
parietes  of  the  cells,  as  in  the  case  of  all  erectile 
tissues. 

J.  Miiller's  researches  have  led  him  to  infer, 
that  both  in  man  and  the  horse,  the  nerves  of  the 
corpora  cavernosa  are  made  up  of  branches  pro- 
ceeding from  the  organic  as  well  as  the  animal 
system,  whilst  the  nerves  of  animal  life  alone 
provide  the  nerves  of  sensation  of  the  penis. 

Cavernous  Bodies,  Corpora  Cavernosa  of  the 
Olit'oris,  are  two  hollow  crura,  forming  the  clit- 
oris. 

Cavernous  Body  of  the  Vagi'na,  Corpus  Ca- 
vermS sum  Vagi'ncp.,  Plexus  retiform'is,  is  a  sub- 
stance composed  of  blood-vessels  and  cells,  simi- 
lar to  those  of  the  penis  and  clitoris,  which  covers 
the  outer  extremity  of  the  vagina,  on  each  side. 
It  serves  to  contract  the  entrance  to  the  vagina 
during  coition. 

Cavernous  Ganglion,  see  Carotid  or  Carotic 
Nerve. 

Cavernous  Respira'tion.  AVhen  a  cavity 
exists. in  the  lungs,  and  one  or  more  ramifications 
of  the  bronchia  terminate  in  it,  a  loud  tubal  noise 
is  emitted,  provided  the  cavity  be  not  filled  with 
fluid,  which  is  called  cavernous  respiration.  In 
this  condition,  the  cough  is  cavernous  likewise, 
(F.)  Toux  Caverneuse.     When  the  capacity  of  the 


CAVERNULOUS   EHONCHUS       182 


CELANDINE 


cavern  is  very  great,  the  sound  of  the  respiration 
is  like  that  produced  by  blowing  into  a  decanter, 
■with  the  mouth  at  a  little  distance  from  the  neck. 
This  kind  of  cavernous  respiration  has  been  called 
amphoric,  from  amphora,  'a  flask;'  {¥.)  Respi- 
ration amphorique,  Souffle  amphorique,  S.  metal- 
lique. 

The  Veiled  Puff,  (F.)  Souffle  voile,  is  a  modi- 
fication of  the  cavernous  respiration,  in  which, 
according  to  Laennec,  "a  sort  of  movable  veil 
interposed  between  the  excavation  and  the  ear" 
seems  to  be  agitated  to  and  fro.  It  is  a  sign 
which  is  not  attended  to. 

Cavernous  Khonchus,  see  Cavernous  Respi- 
ration, and  Gurgling. 

Cavernous  Sinus,  Sinus  Cavemo'siis  seu  poly- 
mor'phus  seu  sphenoida'lis,  Receptac' ulum  aellcB 
equi'ncB  lat'erihus  appos'itum,  (F.)  Sinus  c.aver- 
neux.  The  Cav' ernous  Si'nuses  are  venous  cavi- 
ties of  the  dura  mater,  filled  with  a  multitude  of 
reddish,  soft  filaments,  intersecting  each  other; 
and,  as  it  were,  reticulated.  They  commence 
behind  the  inner  part  of  the  sphenoid  fissure, 
pass  backwards  on  the  sides  of  the  fossa  pitui- 
taria,  and  terminate  by  opening  into  a  cavity, 
common  to  the  superior  and  inferior  petrosal 
sinuses.  They  receive  some  meningeal  veins,  the 
ophthalmic  veins,  &c.  The  anterior  extremity 
of  each  cavernous  sinus  has  been  named  the 
ophthal'mic  sinus. 

Cavernous  Texture  or  Tissue,  Tela  caver- 
no' sa,  (F.)  Tissu  caverneux.  The  spongy  sub- 
stance which  forms  the  greater  part  of  the  penis 
and  clitoris.  It  seems  to  consist  of  a  very  com- 
plicated lace-work  of  arteries  and  veins ;  and, 
probably,  of  nervous  filaments,  with  small  fibrous 
plates,  which  form  by  their  decussation  numerous 
cells  communicating  with  each  other.  This 
spongy  texture  produces  erection,  by  dilating  and 
swelling  on  the  influx  of  blood;  and  probably, 
also,  by  virtue  of  some  property  inherent  in  it. 

Cavernous  Whisp^ir.  A  blowing  sound,  heard 
over  cavities  when  jvords  are  whispered. — A. 
Flint. 

CAVERNULOUS  RHONCHUS,  see  Gurgling. 

CAVIALE,  Caviars. 

CAVIARE',  Caviar,  Caviale,  Kciviac,  A  culi- 
nary' preparation,  much  used  by  certain  people, 
and  made,  on  the  shores  of  the  Black  and  Caspian 
Seas,  from  the  roe  of  the  sturgeon,  mixed  with 
salt  and  other  condiments. 

CAVIC'ULA,  Cavil'la,  from  cavus,  'hollow.' 
The  ankle  or  space  between  the  malleoli.  Some 
have  given  this  name  to  the  os  cuneiforme.     See 

CAVICUL^  PEDIS  NODUS,  Tarsus. 

CAVILLA,  Astragalus,  Cavicula. 

CAVITAS  ANTROSA  AURIS,  Tympanum— 
c.  Buc«inata,  Cochlea — c.  Coehleata,  Cochlea — c. 
Digitata  ventriculi  lateralis,  Cornu  posterius  ven- 
trieuli  lateralis. 

Cav'itas  Ellip'tica,  Ampul'la,  Sinus  ampnl- 
la'ceus.  A  dilatation  at  one  end  of  the  semicir- 
cular canals  of  the  ear. 

Catitas  Humeri  Glenoides,  see  Glenoid  —  e. 
Narium,  Nares — c.  Oculi,  Orbit — c.  Oris,  Mouth 
— c.  Pulpte,  see  Tooth. 

CAVITATES  CEREBRI,  Ventricles  of  the 
brain — c.  Durae  matris,  Sinuses  of  the  dura  mater 
— e.  Innominatse,  Auricles  of  the  heart — c.  Inter- 
scapulares,  see  Interscapularis. 

CA  VITE,  Cavity — c.  Dentaire,  Dental  cavity — 
c.  des  Epiploons,  see  PeritonaBum — c.  du  Tl/mpan, 
Tympanum. 

CAVITY,  Cav'itns,  Cavum,  Coe'lotes,  Ccelon, 
Ca'vea,  Caver'na,  Cava'tio,  (F.)  Cavite.  The 
hollow  of  anything,  as  of  the  cranium,  mouth, 
nasal  fossas,  ic. 


Cavities,  Splanchnic,  (F.)  Cavitia  splanch- 
niques,  are  those  which  contain  the  viscera. 
They  are  three  in  number  : — the  cranium,  chest, 
and  abdomen.  The  cavities  of  bones,  connected 
with  joints  or  otherwise,  are  described  under 
their  particular  denominations. 

CAVUM,  Cavity — c.  Abdominis,  see  Abdomen. 

Cavum  Cra'nii,  Venter  Supre'mus.  The  cavity 
formed  by  the  proper  bones  of  the  cranium. 

Cavum  Dentis,  see  Tooth  —  c.  Mediastini,  see 
Mediastinum— c.  Narium,  Nasal  fossae,  Nares — c. 
Oris,  Mouth — c.  Pericardii,  see  Pericardium — c. 
Thoracis,  see  Thorax — c.  Tympani,  Tympanum. 

CAYAN,  Phaseolus  Creticus. 

CAZABI,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CEANOTHOS,  Cirsium  afvense. 

CEANOTHUS  AMERICANUS,  Celastrus— c. 
Trinervis,  Celastrus. 

CEAR,  Heart. 

CEASMA,  Fissure. 

CEBI  GALLI'NiE.  The  liver  of  the  fowl, 
bruised. — Castelli. 

CEBIP'ARA.  A  large  Brazilian  tree,  whose 
bitter  and  astringent  bark  is  used  in  making  anti- 
rheumatic baths  and  fomentations. 

CE  BO  CEP  HALE,  Cehoceph'alus,  from  foj/Jos, 
'an  ape,'  and  KeipaXr;,  'a  head.'  A  genus  of  mon- 
sters, in  which  the  nose  does  not  project,  and  the 
interocular  region  is  narrow  and  plane,  so  as  to 
give  the  physiognomy  a  striking  resemblance  to 
that  of  the  American  ape. — I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CECES,  see  Quercus  alba. 

CECITE,  Cajcitas. 

CECITY,  Cfficitas. 

CEDAR,  RED,  Juniperus  Virginiana—  ;. 
White,  Cupressus  thyoides. 

CEDEIA,  Embalming. 

CEDMA,  Aneurism,  Varix. 

CED'MATA,  Kt&jxara.  Rheumatic  pains  of  the 
joints,  especially  of  the  hips,  groin,  or  genital 
organs.     A  form  of  gout  or  rheumatism. 

CEDRAT,  Citrus  medica. 

CEDRELA"  FEBRIFUGA,  Swietenia  febri- 
fuga. 

CEDRELE'UM,  from  K^hfiog,  'the  cedar,' and 
ekaiov,  'oil.'     The  oil  of  cedar. — Pliny. 

CE'DRIA,  Ce'drium,  Ce'drinuni,  Cedri  lac'- 
ryvia,  Alkitran.  The  oil  or  resin  which  flows 
from  the  cedar  of  Lebanon.  It  was  supposed  to 
possess  great  virtues.  —  Hippocrates,  Foesius, 
Scribonius  Largus,  Dioscorides.  It  has  been 
supposed  to  be  the  same  as  the  pj'roligneous 
acid.     See  Pinus  Svlvestris. 

CE'DRINUM  VINUM,  Cedar  Wine.  A  wine 
prepared  by  steeping  half  a  pound  of  bruised 
cedar  berries  in  six  French  pints  of  sweet  wine. 
It  is  diuretic  and  subastringent. 

CEDRI'TES,  from  KcSpos,  'the  cedar.'  A  wine 
prepared  from  the  resin  of  cedar  and  sweefwine. 
It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  vermifuge,  &c. 

CEDRIUM,  Cedria. 

CEDROMELA,  see  Citrus  medica. 

CEDRON,  see  Simaba  cedron. 

CEDRONELLA,  Melissa  — c.  Triphylla,  Dra- 
cocephalum  canariense. 

CEDROS,  Juniperus  lycia. 

CEDROSTIS,  Bryonia  alba. 

CEDRUS  BACCIFERA,  Juniperus  sabina  — 
c.  Mahogani,  Swietenia  mahogani. 

CETNTURE,  Cingulum,  Herpes  zoster  —  o. 
Blanche  de  la  choro'ide.  Ciliary  ligament — c. 
Dartreuse,  Herpes  zoster  —  c.  de  Hildane,  Cin- 
gulum Hildani  —  c.  de  Saint-Jean^  Artemisia 
vulgaris  —  c.  de  Vif  Argent,  Cingulum  mer- 
curiale. 

CELANDINE,  Impatiens— c.  Common,  Cbeli- 
donium  majus — c.  Lesser,  Ranunculus  ficaria — c. 
P^PPJ;  Stylophorum  diphyllum. 


CELASTRUS 


183 


CELOLOGIA 


CELAS'TRUS,  Celas'tus,  Ccano'thus  America'- 
ni(8  seu  trinei-'vis,  Neto  JerRey  Tea,  Red  Boot,  (F.) 
The.  de  Jersey.  Used  by  the  American  Indians, 
in  the  same  manner  as  lobelia,  for  the  cure  of 
syphilis.  It  is  slightly  bitter  and  somewhat  as- 
tringent. A  strong  infusion  of  the  dried  leaves 
and  seeds  has  been  recommended  in  aphthae,  and 
as  a  gargle  in  scarlatina. 

Celastrus  Scandens,  Climhing  Stafftree.  A 
climbing  American  shrub,  the  bark  of  which  is 
said  to  possess  emetic,  diaphoretic,  and  narcotic 
properties. 

GELATION',  (¥.)  Concealment,  from  celare, 
'to  conceal.'  A  word  used  by  French  medico- 
legal writers  for  cases  where  there  has  been  con- 
cealment of  pregnancy  or  delivery. 

CELB,  Kri\r],  'a,  tumour,  protrusion,  or  rupture;' 
a  very  common  suffix,  as  in  hydrocele,  bubono- 
cele, &c.     See  Hernia. 

CEL'ERY,  (F.)  Oeleri.  The  English  name  for 
a  variety  of  Ainwn  graveolens. 

Celery,  Wild,  Bubon  galbanum. 

CELETA,  see  Hernial. 

CELIA,  Cerevisia. 

CELIAQUE,  Coeliac. 

CELINE,  Melissa. 

CELIS,  K/;Xif,  'a  spot,  a  stain.'  A  macula,  or 
spot  on  the  skin. 

CELL,  Cella.  A  small  cavity.  The  same  sig- 
nification as  cellule.  Also,  a  vesicle  composed 
of  a  membranous  cell-icall,  with,  usually,  liquid 
contents.  The  whole  organized  body  may  be  re- 
garded as  a  congeries  of  cells  having  different 
endowments,  each  set  being  concerned  in  special 
acts,  connected  with  absorption,  nutrition,  and 
secretion,  wherever  an  action  of  selection  or  ela- 
boration has  to  be  effected.  These  cells  are  gene- 
rally termed  primary,  elementary,  ov  primordial. 
"When  they  give  rise  to  other  cells,  they  are,  at 
times,  termed  parent  or  mother  cells;  the  result- 
ing cells  being  termed  daughter  cells. 

Cell,  Apoplectic,  see  Apoplectic  cell — c.  Bone, 
Lacuna  of  bone  —  c.  Bronchic,  Cellule,  bronchic 
—  c.  Calcigerous,  see  Tooth  —  c.  Daughter,  see 
Cell — c.  Elementary,  see  Cell. 

Cell,  Epidee'mic  or  Epithe'lial.  The  cells 
or  corpuscles  that  cover  the  free  membranous  sur- 
faces of  the  body,  and  which  form  the  epidermis 
and  epithelium,  are  termed  'epidermic  or  epithe- 
lial ceils.'  They  are  developed  from  germs  fur- 
nished by  the  subjacent  membrane. 

Cell,  Epithelial,  Cell,  epidermic — e.  Fat,  see 
Fatty  vesicles. 

Cell  Force.  The  plastic  or  formative  force 
seated  in  a  cell,  by  the  agency  of  which  the  dif- 
ferent tissues  are  developed.     See  Cell  Life. 

Cell  Formation,  Cytogeny  —  c.  Genesis,  Cy- 
togeny  —  c.  Germ,  Cytoblast,  see  Molecule  —  c. 
Germinal,  see  Cytoblast — c.  Nucleated,  see  Cyto- 
blast. 

Cell  Life.  The  life  which  is  possessed  by 
the  separate  cells  that  form  the  tissues,  and  by 
which  the  nutrition  of  the  tissues  is  presumed  to 
be  effected. 

Cell,  Mother,  see  Cell  —  c.  Osseous,  Lacuna 
of  bone — c.  Parent,  see  Cell. 

Cell,  Pigment.  Pigment  cells  are  mingled 
with  the  epidermic  cells,  and  are  most  manifest 
in  the  coloured  races.  They  are  best  seen  on  the 
inner  surface  of  the  choroid  of  the  eye,  where 
they  form  the  pigmentmn  nigrum, 

Ckll,  Primary,  see  Cell  —  c.  Primordial,  see 
Cell — c.  Sperm,  see  Sperm — c.  Wall,  see  Cell. 

CELLA,  Cell— c.  Media,  see  Ventricles  of  the 
Brain — c.  Turcica,  Sella  Turcica. 

CEL'LOID,  Celloi'des,  badly  compounded  from 


cella,  and  £i5o{,  'resemblance.'  Resembling  a 
ceil  or  cellule. 

CELLULA,  Cellule. 

CELLULE  COLI,  see  Colon— c.  Aerese,  Cel- 
lules, bronchic  —  c.  Bronchicaj,  see  Cellule  —  c. 
Mastoidese,  Mastoid  cells  —  c.  MeduUares,  see 
Medullary  membrane  —  c.  Pulmonales,  Cellules 
bronchic,  see  Pulmo — e.  Sanguinis,  Globules  of 
the  blood. 

CEL'LULAR,  Cellula'ris,  Cellnlo'sus,  (F.)  Cel 
lulaire.  Composed  of  cells  or  cellules,  from  cella 
or  cellula,  '  a  cell.' 

Cel'lCLAR  Membrane,  Membra' na  celhdo'sa 
seu  Cellula'ris, — M.  adipu'sa  seu  pingiiedino'sa, 
of  some,  Pannic'ulns  adipo'sus,  —  Membrane 
formed  of  cellular  tissue,  (F.)  Memhrane  cellu- 
laire.     Generally  used  for  the  tissue  itself. 

Cellular  System.  The  whole  of  the  cellular 
tissue  of  the  human  body. 

Cellular  Tissue,  Tela  cellula'ris  seu  cellnlo'- 
sa  seu.  Ilipjioc'i'at is  crihro'sa,  Eth'myphe,  Contex'- 
tus  cellulo'sus,  Eeticula'ted, filamentous,  laminated, 
crib'riform,  porous,  are'olar,  connec'tive,  and 
mucous  Tissue,  Retic' ular  or  cellular  substance, 
(F.)  Tissu  cellulaira,  reticule,  lamineux,  eribleux, 
poreux,  areolaire,  muqueux,  conjonctif,  Ethmose  of 
Piorry,  <fcc.,  is  the  most  common  of  all  the  organic 
tissues.  It  contains  irregular  areola;  between 
the  fibres,  as  well  as  serum,  fat,  and  the  adipous 
tissue.  Of  the  fibres,  some  are  of  the  yellow  elas- 
tic kind;  but  the  greater  part  are  of  the  white 
fibrous  tissue,  and  they  frequently  present  the 
form  of  broad  flat  bands,  in  which  no  distinct 
fibrous  arrangement  is  perceptible.    See  Fibrous. 

The  cellular  tissue  or  texture  unites  every  part 
of  the  body,  determines  its  shape,  and  by  its 
elasticity  and  contractility,  and  by  the  fluid 
which  it  contains  in  its  cells,  facilitates  the  mo- 
tion of  parts  on  each  other. 

Cellular  tissue  has  been  divided  by  anatomists 
into  the  external,  general  or  common  cellular 
tissue — textus  cellula'ris  interme'dius  seu  laxns, 
which  does  not  penetrate  the  organs, — the  cellu- 
lar texture  which  forms  the  envelopes  of  organs 
— textus  cellula'ris  strietus,  and  that  which  pene- 
trates into  the  organs,  accompanying  and  enve- 
loping all  their  parts,  —  the  textus  cellula'ris  sti- 
pa'tus,  constituting  the  basis  of  all  the  organs. 
It  has  likewise  been  termed  Textus  organ'icus 
seu  parenchyma'lia. 

Cellular  Tissue  of  Bones,  see  Canoelli. 

CEL'LULE,  Cel'lula,  diminutive  of  cella,  'a 
cavity.'  A  small  cavity.  (F.)  Cellule.  CelluleH 
are  the  small  cavities  between  the  lamina  of  the 
cellular  tissue,  corpora  cavernosa,  Ac. 

Cellules  or  Cells,  Bronchic,  Cel'lula  Bron'- 
chir^cB  seu  Pulmona'les  seu  Ae'recB,  Fori  pulmo'- 
num,  Vesic'ulcB  pulmonales.  The  air-cells  of  the 
lung.=.     See  Pulmo. 

CELLULES  BRONCHIQUES,  Bronchial 
cells— c.  des  Os,  Lacunas  of  Bone  —  c.  Osseuse.i, 
Lacunae  of  Bone. 

CELLULITIS  VENENATA,  see  Woun-d. 

CELLULO- FIBROUS  TUMOUR,  Tumour, 
fibro-cellular. 

CEL'LULOSE,  same  etymon  as  Cellule.  The 
substance  which  is  left  after  the  action  upon  any 
kind  of  vegetable  tissue  of  such  solvents  as  are 
fitted  to  dissolve  out  the  matter  deposited  in  its 
cavities  and  interstices.  The  tunicated  or  asci- 
dian  mollusca  have,  in  their  integuments,  a  con- 
siderable quantity  of  it,  and  it  exists  in  the  Cor- 
pora amylacea  of  the  brain  and  other  parts.  It 
is  identical  with  starch,  in  the  proportion  of  its 
constituents,  and  forms  the  principal  part  of  the 
thickness  of  the  walls  of  the  cells,  vessels,  &c.,  of 
which  the  vegetable  organism  is  composed. 

CELLULOSUS,  Cellular. 

CELOLOG"IA,  from  Krjh],  'rupture,'  and  Xovoi, 


CELOSOMUS 


184 


CENTRAL 


a  discourse.'     The  doctrine  of  hernia.     A  trea- 
tise on  hernia. 

CELOSO'MUS,  from  KriXri,  'a  rupture,'  and 
(Tui/tn,  'body.'  A  monster  in  which  the  trunk  is 
malformed,  and  eventration  or  displacement  of 
the  viscera  exists. 

CELOTES,  see  Hernial. 

CELOTOM'IA,  Xelotom'ia,  Celot'omy,  from 
Kri\tj,  '  a  rupture,'  and  rt^ivtiv,  'to  cut.'  An  ope- 
ration, formerly  employed  for  the  radical  cure  of 
inguinal  hernia;  which  consisted,  principally,  in 
passing  a  ligature  round  the  hernial  sac  and  sper- 
matic vessels.  It  necessarily  occasioned  atrophy 
and  loss  of  the  testicle;  and  did  not  secure  the 
patient  against  the  return  of  the  disease.  The 
intestines  were,  of  course,  not  included  in  the 
ligature.  Also,  the  operation  for  hernia  in  gene- 
ral,— Herniot'omy. 

CELOT'OMUS,  same  etymon.  Eerniot'omus. 
A  knife  used  in  the  operation  for  hernia.  Adjec- 
tively,  it  means  relating  to  celotomy,  like  Celo- 
tom'iciis. 

CELSA.  A  term,  used  by  Paracelsus  for  a 
cutaneous  disease,  dependent,  according  to  him, 
on  a  false  or  heterogeneous  spirit  or  vapour,  con- 
cealed under  the  integuments,  and  endeavouring 
to  escape.     Perhaps  the  disease  was  Urticaria. 

CELSUS,  METHOD  OF,  see  Lithotomy. 

CELTIS  OCCID^'SI A.''Lli,Sugarherry,  Hach- 
herry,  Nettletree,  Beaverwood.  Order,  Ulmacese  : 
indigenous,  flowering  in  May.  The  bark  is  said 
to  be  anodyne  and  cooling;  the  berries  are  sweet 
and  astringent.     It  has  been  used  in  dysentery.  . 

CEMERO  NUTS,  see  Pinus  cembra. 

CEMENT.  A  glutinous  substance  introduced 
into  a  carious  tooth  to  prevent  the  access  of  air 
or  other  extraneous  matters.  The  following  is 
an  example:  R.  Sandarac.  gij ;  Mastich.  ^i; 
Snccin.  gr.  x.  ^Ether.  gj  ;  Dissolve  with  the  aid 
of  heat.  Osterinaier's  Cement  for  the  teeth  is 
prepared  of  finely  powdered  caustic  lime,  thirteen 
parts;  anhydrous  phosphoric  acid,  twelve  parts. 
When  introduced  into  a  carious  tooth,  it  becomes 
solid  in  about  two  minutes. 

CEMEXTEllIUxM,  Crucible. 

CEMENTUM,  see  Tooth. 

CENANGIA,  Ceneangia. 

CENCHPtON,  Panicum  miliaceum. 

CENDRE^ DU LE VANT,  Soda. 

CENDRE,  Cineritious. 

OENDRES  GRAVELEES,  see  Potash— c. 
de  Sarment,  see  Potash. 

CENEANGI'A,  Cenangi'a,  from  Ktvns,  'empty,' 
and  ayytfov,  'a  vessel.'  Inanition.  Empty  state 
of  vessels. — Galen. 

CENEMBATE'SIS,  from  Ktvog,  'empty,'  and 
e/ilSaivw,  '  I  enter.'  Paracentesis.  Also,  the  act 
of  probing  a  wound  or  cavity;  Melo'sis. 

CENEONES,  Flanks. 

QENESTHESIE,  Coen»sthesis. 

CENIGDAM,  Ceniplam. 

CENIGOTAM,  Ceniplam. 

CENIPLAM,  Cenigdam,  Cenigotam,  Cenipo- 
lam.  The  name  of  an  instrument  anciently  used 
for  opening  the  head  in  epilepsy. — Paracelsus. 

CENIPOLAM,  Ceniplam. 

CENO'SIS,  from  Kevoq,  'empty.'  Lie' sis,  Ineth- 
mos.  Evacuation.  It  is  sometimes  employed 
synonymously  with  inanition,  and  opposed  to  re- 
pletion,— ■E.rinanit"io. 

CENOSPUDIA,  Aphelsia  otiosa. 

CENOTIC,  Drastic. 

CENOT'ICA,  from  Knvmais,  'evacuation.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  fluids.  Morbid  discharges  or 
excess,  deficiency  or  irregularity  of  such  as  are 
natural.  The  first  order,  class  Genetica,  of  Good. 
Also, Drastics. 

CENTAUREA  BEHEN,  Serrat'ula  hehen,  Be- 


hen  ahiad,  Behen  album,  Been,  White  Behen. 
Ord.  Gentianeas.     Astringent.  1 

Centaurea  Benedic'ta,  Car'duus  benedic'tus,  ' 

Cnicus  sylves' tris  seu  benedic'tus,  Cardiobot' anum, 
Blessed  or  Holy  Thistle,  Virgin-3Iary  Thistle, 
(F.)  Chardon  benit.  Earn.  Cynarocephalese.  Sex. 
Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  frustranea.  A  strong 
decoction  of  the  herb  is  emetic  : — a  strong  infu- 
sion, diaphoretic  [  ?  ]  ;  a  light  infusion,  tonic  and 
stomachic.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ^j  of  the  powder. 

Centaurea  Calcitea'pa,  Calcitra'i^a,  Calca- 
trep'pola,  Car'duus  solstitia'lis  seu  stella'tus, 
Ja'cea  ramosis' sima,  Cacotrih'ulus,  Galcitrap'jia 
stella'ta  seu  hippojjhcBs'tum,  Stella'ta  rupi'na, 
Centaure'a  stella'ta.  Common  Star-Thistle,  Star- 
Knapineed,  (F.)  Centauree  etoilee,  Chardon  etoile, 
Chaiissetrappe,  Pignerole.  It  is  possessed  of 
tonic  properties,  and  has  been  given  in  intermit- 
tents,  dyspepsia,  <Scc.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Cextaurea  CENTAURi'ujr,  Rhapon'ticum,  vul- 
ga're,  Centauri'um  magnum  seu  majus  seu  offici- 
na'le.  Greater  Cen'taury,  (F.)  Centauree  grande. 
It  is  a  bitter;  and  was  formerly  used  as  a  tonic, 
especially  the  root. 

Centaueea  Cy'anus,  Cy'anus,  Blue  bottle, 
Corn-flower,  Blue  bonnets,  (Sc.)  Blaioort,  (F.) 
Blavelle,  Blaveole,  Blaverolle,  Bluet,  Barheau, 
Aubifoin,  Gasse-lunette.  The  flowers  were  once 
much  used  as  a  cordial,  tonic,  &c.  They  are  now 
forgotten. 

Centadrea  Stellata,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 
CENTAUREE  ETOILEE,  Centaurea  calci- 
trapa— c.  Grande,  Centaurea  centaurium — c.  Pe- 
tite, Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAUREUM,  Chironia  centaurium, 
CENTAURIS,  Chironia  centaurium. 
CENTAURIUM    MAGNUM,  Centaurea  cen- 
taurium— c.  Minus  vulgare,  Chironia  centaurium 
—  c.  Ofiicinale,  Centaurea  centaurium  —  c.  Par- 
Tum,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURY,  AMERICAN,  Chironia  angu- 
laris  —  c.  European,  Chironia  centaurium  —  c. 
Greater,  Centaurea  centaurium  —  c.  Lesser,  Chi- 
ronia centaurium. 

CENTESIS,  Paracentesis,  Puncture. 
CENTIGRAMME,  (F.)  from  centum,  'a  hun- 
dred,' and  Ypaixfia,  '  gramme,'  Centigram'ma. 
The  hundredth  part  of  a  gramme.  A  centigram- 
me is  equal  to  about  the  fifth  part  of  a  French 
grain,  gr.  .1543  Troy. 

CENTILITRE,  Centili'tra,  from  centum,  'a 
hundred,'  and  Xirpa,  'litre.'  An  ancient  Greek 
measure  for  liquids  :  —  the  hundredth  part  of  a 
litre — equal  to  nearly  2.7053  fluidrachms. 

CENTIMETRE,  Centim'eter ;  the  hundredth 
part  of  a  metre  —  equal  to  about  four  lines, 
.3937  English  inch. 

CENTIMORBIA,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 
CENTINERVIA,  Plantago. 
CENTINODE,  Polygonum  aviculare. 
CENTINODIA,  Polygonum  aviculare. 
CENTO  VIRGINALIS,  Hymen. 
CENTRAD,  see  Central  aspect. 
CENTRADIAPH'ANES,    Catarac'ta   centra'- 
lis,  from    Kcvrpov,  '  centre,'  a,  privative,  and  Sia- 
ipavrig,  'transparent.'    Cataract  owing  to  obscurity 
of  the  central  portion  of  the  crystalline. 

CENTRAL,  Centra'lis,  from  centrum,  '  the  cen- 
tre.'    Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  centre. 

Central  Ar'tery  of  the  Ret'ina,  Arte'ria 
Centra'lis  Ret'incB,  Central  Artery  of  Zinn. 
This  artery  is  given  ofi"  from  the  arteria  oph- 
thalmica,  and  penetrates  the  optic  nerve  a  little 
behind  the  ball  of  the  eye ;  running  in  the 
axis  of  the  nerve,  and  spreading  out  into  many 
small  branches  upon  the  inside  of  the  retina. 
When  the  nerve  is  cut  across  near  the  eye,  the 


CENTRE 


185 


CEPHALANTHUS 


orifice  of  the  divided  artery  is  observable.  This 
was  formerly  called  Portis  Op'ticm. 

Central  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  cen- 
tre of  an  organ. — Barclay.  Centrad  is  used  by 
the  same  writer  adverbially,  to  signify  'towards 
the  central  aspect.' 

CENTRE,  Centrum,  Kevrpov,  (F.)  Centre.  The 
middle  point  of  a  figure  or  body. 

Centre  op  Action.  The  viscus  in  which  the 
whole  or  a  great  part  of  any  function  is  executed, 
'and  to  which  several  other  organs  contribute. 
Thus,  the  vital  activity  seems  to  be  wholly  cen- 
tred in  the  stomach,  during  chymification;  in  the 
duodenum,  during  chylification.  In  like  manner, 
the  uterus  becomes  a  centre  of  action  during 
gestation. 

Centre,  Epigas'tric.  The  ganglions  and  ner- 
vous plexuses,  formed  by  the  great  sympathetic 
and  pneumogastric  nerves,  in  the  epigastrium, 
around  the  cceliac  artery ;  where  the  impressions 
received  from  various  parts  of  the  body  seem  to 
be  centred. 

Centre  op  Fltjx'ion.  The  part  towards  which 
fluids  are  particularly  attracted.  An  irritated 
organ  is  said  to  be  a  centre  of  fluxion. 

Centres,  Nervous,  (F.)  Centres  nervenx.  The 
organs  whence  the  nerves  originate;  as  the  brain 
and  spinal  marrow. 

Centre,  Optic,  see  Optic  centre. 

Centre,  Oval,  Centrum  Ova'le,  C.  0.  Vievsse'- 
nii,  Tegumen'tum  ventriculo'rum  cer'ehri.  When 
the  two  hemispheres  of  the  brain  are  sliced  away, 
till  on  a  level  with  the  corpus  callosum,  the  me- 
dullary part  in  each  is  of  an  oval  shape :  hence 
called  centrum  ovale  minus,  (F.)  centre  medulla-ire 
hemispheral.  The  two  centres  of  the  opposite 
sides,  together  with  the  corpus  callosum,  form 
the  centrum  ovale  of  Vieus' sens.  Vieussens  sup- 
posed all  the  medullary  fibres  to  issue  from  that 
point,  and  that  it  was  the  great  dis]]  ens  atari/  of 
the  animal  spirits. 

Centre,  Phrenic,  Ten'dinous  Centre  of  the 
Di'aphragm,  Centrum  Phren'ieum  seu  Ner'veum 
seu  Tendino'sum  seu  Tendin'eum,  (F.)  Centre 
jthrenique  ou  tendineux  du  Diaphrngme.  The 
central  aponeurosis  or  eordiform  tendon  of  the 
diaphragm. 

Centre  op  Sympathet'ic  Irradia'tions,  (F.) 
Centre  d' irradiations  si/mpalhiques.  Any  organ 
which  excites,  sympathetically,  the  action  of 
other  organs,  more  or  less  distant  from  it;  and 
with  which  it  seems  to  have  no  immediate  com- 
munication.— Marjolin. 

Centre,  Tendinous,  op  the  Diaphragm, 
Centre,  phrenic. 

CENTROMYRINE,  Ruscus. 

CE  N  T  R  0  S  T  A  L'T  I C,  GentrostaV ticus.  badly 
formed  from  centrumj  'the  centre,'  and  areWu),  'I 
send.'  An  epithet  applied  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall 
to  the  action  of  the  vis  nervosa  in  the  spinal 
centre. 

CENTRUM,  see  Vertebraj— c.  Commune,  So- 
lar plexus — c.  Nerveum,  Centre,  phrenic — c.  Op- 
ticum,  Optic  centre — ^c.  Ovale,  Centre,  oval  —  c. 
Ovale  minus,  see  Centre,  oval — c.  Ovale  of  Vieus- 
sens, Centre,  oval — c-.  Semicirculare  geminum. 
Taenia  semicireularis — c.  Tendinosum,  Centre, 
phrenic. 

Centrum  Vita'le,  Nodus  seu  Fons  vita'Us, 
(F.)  Noeud  vital.  A  term  applied,  at  times,  to 
the  medulla  oblongata;  at  others,  to  the  medulla 
oblongata,  and  the  medulla  spinalis  as  far  as  the 
second  cervical  nerve  of  the  spinal  marrow,  in 
any  part  of  which  a  wound  would  seem  to  be  in- 
stantly fatal.  It  is  the  nervous  centre  of  respi- 
ration and  deglutition. 

CENTRY,  Chironia  angularis. 

CENTUM  CAPITA,  Eryngium  campestre. 

CENTUMNODIA,  Polygonum  aviculare. 


CEP  A  ASCALONICA,  Bulbus  esculentus, 
Echalotte — c.  Marina,  Scilla — c.  Victorialis,  Al- 
lium victoriale — c.  Vulgaris,  Allium  cepa. 

CEPjEA,  Veronica  beccabunga. 

CEPHAELINUM,  Emetine. 

CEPHAELIS  IPECACUANHA,  Ipecacuanha. 

CEPHAL^'A,  Headach,  (F.)  Cephalee,  from 
Kc<pa\ji,  'head.'  Some  use  the  term  synonymously 
with  cephalalgia;  others,  for  a  periodical  head- 
ach ;  others,  again,  for  a  more  violent  headach 
than  cephalalgia  implies;  and  others  for  a  chronic 
headach.     The  last  was  its  ancient  signification. 

Cephalm'a  spasmod'ica,  Cepihalal'gia  sjyasmod'- 
ica,  C.  Nauseo'sa,  Sick-headaeh,  is  characterized 
by  partial,  spasmodic  pain  ;  often  shifting  from 
one  part  of  the  head  to  another:  chiefly  com- 
mencing in  the  morning,  with  sickness  and  faint- 
ness.  It  is  extremely  apt  to  recur,  notwithstand- 
ing every  care. 

Cephal^a  Arthritica,  Cephalagra— c.  He- 
micrania,  Hemicrania — c.  Nauseosa,  C.  Spas- 
modica — c.  Pnlsatilis,  Crotaphe. 

CEPHAL^MATO'MA,  (F.)  CiphaUmntome, 
from  Kt(f>a\ri,  'head,'  and  'aifxa,  'blood;'  Cephalm- 
mato'ma  neonato'rum,  Ecchymo'ma  cap'itis,  E. 
capitis  recens  nato'rum,  Thromhus  neonato'rum, 
Absces'sits  cap'itis  sanguin'eus  neonatorum,  Tumor 
cap'itis  sanguin'eus  rieonato'rum,  Cephalophy' ma, 
Craniohmmaton' cus.  Asanguineous  tumour,  some- 
times developed  between  the  pericranium  and  the 
bones  of  the  head  of  new-born  children.  Similar 
tumours  are  met  with  occasionally  above  other 
bones,  and  at  all  periods  of  existence. 

Cephalhematoma  Neonatorum,  Cephalsema- 
toma. 

CE  PH  ALjSj'MI  A,  Hyperce'mia  cer'ehri  seu 
Cap'itis,  EncephalohcB'mia,  (F.)  Hyperemie  ou 
Congestion  du  cervean,  Encej)halohemie,  H.  cer&- 
hrale,  Congestion  cerebrale.  Accumulation  of 
blood  in  the  vessels  of  the  brain. 

CEPHALAGO'GUS,  Cephalodue'tor,  Capiti- 
due' tor,  from  Ke<paXri,  '  head,'  and  ayioyog,  '  a 
leader,  a  driver.'  An  instrument  used  for  draw- 
ing down  the  foetal  head. 

CEPH'ALAGRA,  from  Kt<ba\v,  'the  head,'  and 
ayjia,  'seizure.'  Cephalm'a  arthrit'ica,  Ifenin- 
gi'tis  arthrit'ica.     Gout  in  the  head. 

CEPHALAGRA'PHIA,  from/cE0aA^,  'the 
head,'  and  ypaiprj,  'a  description.'  An  anatomical 
description  of  the  head. 

CEPHALAL'GIA,  Cephalopo'nia,  Cephalo- 
dyn'ia,  Encephalodyn'ia,  Homonopa'gia,  from 
K£(/>aX)7,  'the  head,'  and  aXyog,  'pain;'  Encepha- 
lal'gia.  Dolor  Cap'itis  seu  cephal'icus,  Soda,  Pain 
in  the  head;  Headach,  (Sc.)  ffedeverk,  (Prov.) 
HedeioarJc,  (F.)  Cephalalgie,  Mai  d  tete.  Every 
kind  of  headach,  whether  symptomatic  or  idio- 
pathic, is  a  cephalalgia.  It  is  ordinarily  sympto- 
matic, and  has  to  be  treated  accordingly. 

Cephalalgia  Contagiosa,  Influenza — c.  In- 
flammatoria,  Phrenitis. 

Cephalalgia  Period'ica,  Fehris  intermit'tens 
cephaVica  larva'ta,  Intermittent  headach.  Head- 
ach which  returns  periodically;  properly,  per- 
haps, a  form  of  neuralgia. 

Cephalalgia  Pulsatilis,  Crotaphe — c.  Spas- 
modica,  see  Cephal^a. 

CEPHALALOG"IA,  from  KB(t>a\r,,  'the  head,' 
and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'  An  anatomical  disser- 
tation on  the  head. 

CEPHALANTHE  B'AMERIQUE,  Cepha- 
lanthus  oecidentalis. 

CEPHALAN'THUS  OCCIDENTA'LTS,  Bnt- 
tonwood  shrub,  ButtonbusJi,  White  Ball,  Little 
Snoivball,  Swampwood,  Pond  Dogwood.  Globe- 
flower,  (F.)  Cephalanthe  d'Amir'ique,  Bois  de 
3farais.  An  ornamental  shrub,  Ord.  Rubiacea? ; 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia,  which  grows  all 


CEPHALAKTICA 


186 


CERAS 


over  the  United  States,  near  streams  and  ponds, 
and  flowers  in  July  and  August.     The  bark  of 
the  root  has  been  iised  as  an  antiperiodic  tonic. 
CEPIIALARTICA,  Cephalic  remedies. 
CEPHALATOM'IA,    Cephalotom'ia,  from 
Ksipa\ri,  '  the  head/  and  tchveiv,  '  to  cut.'     Ana- 
tomy, or  dissection,  or  opening  of  the  head. 
CEPHALEj^Head. 

CEPHALE3IA T03IE,  Cephalffimatoma. 

CEPHAL'IC,  Cephnl'icua,  Capita'lis,  from 
KC(pa\v,  'the  head.'  (P.)  Ceiihaliqiie.  Relating 
to  the  head. 

Cephal'ic  Rem'edies,  CephaV ica  sen  Capita'- 
lia  remed'ia,  are  remedies  capable  of  relieving 
affections  of  the  head,  especially  headach : — 
Cephalar'tica. 

Cephal'ic  Vein,  Vena  CepTial'ica  seu  Cap'- 
itis,  (P.)  Veine  cephaNque,  Veine  radiale  cutanee 
of  Chaussier.  The  great  superficial  vein  at  the 
outer  part  of  the  arm  and  fore-arm.  It  begins 
on  the  back  of  the  hand,  by  a  number  of  radicles, 
which  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  called  the  OepJi- 
alieofthe  Thumb,  Cephal'ica  Pol'liois,  (F.)  Veiiie 
cephalique  dn  p)nuce.  It  ascends  along  the  ante- 
rior and  outer  part  of  the  fore-arm,  where  it  forms 
the  snperjicial  radial.  At  the  fold  of  the  elbow 
it  receives  the  median  cephalic,  ascends  along  the 
outer  edge  of  the  biceps,  and  opens  into  the  axil- 
lary vein.  The  name  Cephalic  was  given  to  it  by 
the  ancients,  because  they  thought  it  had  some 
connection  with  the  head,  and  that  blood-letting 
ought  to  be  performed  on  it,  in  head  affections. 

Chaussier  calls  the  internal  jugular,  Veine  ce- 
phalique, and  the  primary  or  common  carotid, 
Artere  cephalique. 

CEPHALIDIUM,  see  Caput 

CEPHALI'NE.  The  base  orroot  of  the  tongue. 
— Gorreeus. 

CEPIIALIS,  see  Caput. 

CEPHALITIS,  Phrenitis. 

CEPHALIUM,  see  Caput 

CEPIIALODUCTOR,  Cephalagogus. 

CEPHALODYM'IA,  Encephalodi/m'ia;  from 
Kt<pa\t],  'head,'  and  &vij>,  'I  enter  into.'  A  class 
of  double  monstrosities,  in  which  the  heads  are 
united.  It  is  divided  into  two  genera,  Fronto- 
dym'ia  and  Bregmatodym'ia:  in  the  former  the 
union  being  between  the  ossa  frontis ;  in  the  lat- 
ter between  the  bregmata. — Cruveilhier. 

CEPHALODYNIA,  Cephalalgia. 

CEPHALffiDEMA,  Hydrocephalus. 

CEPHALOG'RAPHY,  Gephalograph'ia;  from 
Ke<pa\rj,  'head,'  and  Ypa(prj,  'a  description.'  An 
anatomical  description  of  the  head. 

CEPHALOID,  Encephaloid. 

C^EPRAJjOL'OGcY,  Cephalolog"ia;h-omK£(l>a\ti, 
and  Xoyog,  '  a  discourse.'     A  treatise  on  the  head. 

CEPHALOMA,  Encephaloid. 

CEPHALOM'ELUS,  (F.)  Cephalomlle ;  from 
KS(pa\r;,  'head,'  and  ixeXo;,  'a  limb.'  A  monster 
having  one  or  two  accessory  limbs  on  the  head. 
—I.  G.  St  Hilaire. 

CEPHALO-MENINGITIS,  Meningo-eephali- 
tis. 

CEPHALOM'ETER,  (P.)  Ciphalomltre,  from 
KE(pakri.  'the  head,'  and  ftcrpov,  'measure.'  An 
instrument  for  measuring  the  different  dimensions 
of  the  foetal  head,  during  the  process  of  accouche- 
ment    A  kind  of  forceps. 

CEPHALON'OSUS,  from  Ke<pa\ri,  'the  head,' 
and  voaog,  '  disease.'  This  term  has  been  applied 
to  the  Fehris  Hungar'ica,  in  which  the  head  was 
much  affected.  See  Fever,  Hungaric.  Others 
have  so  called  any  cerebral  disease  or  fever. 

CEPHALOPAGES,  Symphyocephalus. 

CEPH'ALO-PHARYNGiE'US,  from  Keij>aXv, 
'the  head,'  and  <papvy^,  'the  pharynx:'  belonging 
to  the  head  and  pharynx.     Winslow  has  given 


this  name  to  the  portion  of  the  constrictor  pha- 
rynqis  superior,  which  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  basilary  process  of  the  os 
occipitis.     The  Ceph'alo-pharynge'al  Aponeuro'- 
sis  is  a  thin,  fibrous  membrane,  which  is  attached 
to  the  basilary  process,  and  gives  insertion  to  the 
fibres  of  the  constrictor  superior  pharyngis. 
CEPHALOPHYMA,  Cephalsematoma. 
CEPHALOPONIA,  Cephalalgia. 
CEPHALO-RACHIDIAN,  Cephalo-spinal. 
CEPHALOSOMATODYM'IA,      Encephaloso- 
matodym'ia ;  from  KcfaXr),  'head,'  au>ixa,  'body,' 
and  ivi»,  'I  enter  into.'     A  double  monstrosity, 
in  which  the  union  is  between  the  heads  and  the 
trunks.     Of  this  there  are  varieties  : — for  exam- 
ple, liifra-maxillostermodj/m'ia,  where  the  union 
is  with  the  inferior  maxillary  bones  and  sterna  ; 
and  Prosoposternodym'ia,  between  the  faces  and 
sterna. — Cruveilhier. 

CEPHALO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spina'lis,  Cep¥- 
alo-rachid'ian,  Enceph' alo-rachid' ian,  Cer'ehro- 
spi.nal,  Cer'ebro-rachid'ian,  Craniospinal.  A 
hybrid  term,  from  K€<jia\ri,  'head,'  and  spina, 
'spine.'     Belonging  to  the  head  and  spine. 

Ceph'alo-spinal  Fluid,  Cephalo-rachid'ian 
fluid,  Cer'ebro-spinal  fluid,  Flu'idum  cer'ehro- 
spina'le.  Subarachnoid' ean  fluid,  (P.)  Liquide 
ciphalo-ro.chidien,  is  an  exhaled  fluid,  which  is 
found  beneath  the  arachnoid,  wherever  pia  mater 
exists  in  connexion  with  the  brain  and  spinal 
cord.  It  seems  to  have  a  protecting  office,  and 
to  keep  up  a  certain  degree  of  pressure  on  the 
organ — at  least  in  the  spinal  canal. 

CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS,  from 
Ki^aXr],  'head,'  Oiapa^.  'the  chest,'  and  artpsiv,  'to 
rob.'  A  monster  without  head  or  chest. 
CEPHALOTOMIA,  Eccephalosis. 
CEPHALOTBTBE,  (P.)  An  instrument  in- 
vented by  Baudelocque,  the  nephew,  for  crushing 
the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero;  from  KtipaXri,  'the 
head,'  and  TptPoi,  '  I  bruise.'  It  consists  of  a 
strong  forceps,  the  blades  of  which  are  solid:  16 
lines  broad,  and  3  thick.  The  handles  are  per- 
forated at  their  extremity  to  receive  a  screw  with 
three  threads,  the  direction  of  which  is  very  ob- 
lique, so  as  to  allow  great  rapidity  of  rotation, 
and  the  screw  is  moved  by  a  winch  6  inches  long, 
to  increase  the  force  of  the  pressure.  The  bones 
of  the  head  are  easily  crushed  by  it. 

CEPHALOTRIP'SY,     Cephalotrip'sis ;     same 
etymon  as  Cepthalotribe.    The  operation  of  crush- 
ing the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero. 
CEPHALOTRYPESIS,  Trepanning. 
CEPHALOXIA,  Torticollis. 
CEPULLA,  Allium  cepa. 
CER,  Heart. 

CERA  PLAVA  et  CERA  ALBA,  €ero8,  Yel- 
loto  and  White  Wax,  (P.)  Cire  Jaune  et  Blanche. 
An  animal  substance  prepared  by  th-e  bee,  and 
by  some  plants,  as  the  Cerox'ylon  and  Myri'ca 
cerif'era.  Its  colour  is  yellow,  and  smell  like 
that  of  honey,  but  both  are  lost  by  bleaching. 
It  is  demulcent  and  emollient;  is  sometimes  given 
in  the  form  of  emulsion,  in  diarrhoea  and  dysen- 
tery, but  is  chiefly  used  in  cerates  and  ointments. 
CERM'M,  from  Kepag,  'a  horn,'  Ktpaiai.  The 
Cornua  of  the  uterus. — Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

CERAM'ICE,  Cerami' tis, irom.  Kepapof,  'potter's 
earth.'  A  sort  of  earth  used  as  a  cataplasm  in 
peri  pneuinony.— Hippocrates. 

CERAMIUM,  Amphora — c.  Helminthochortus, 
Corallina  Corsieana. 

CERAMNIUM,  Amphora. 
CERAMURIA,  see  Urine. 
CERANTHEMUS,  Propolis. 
CERAS,  K£pas,  'genitive,'  Kcparas,  'horn,'  Oor- 
nu;  also,  the  Cornea.     Hence,  Ceratectomia,  Ce- 
ratocele,  &c. 


CERASION 


1 


CERATOTOMIA 


CERASION',  see  Prunus  cerasus. 

CERAS'MA,  from  KepavwiJi,  'to  mix:'  some- 
thing mixed.  A  mixture  of  hot  and  cold  water. 
Ifetaceras'ma. — Gorrseus. 

CERASUM,  see  Prunus  cerasus. 

CERASUS  ACIDA,  Prunus  cerasus  — c.  Avi- 
um, Prunus  avium,  P.  nigra  —  c.  Dulcis,  Prunus 
nigra  —  c.  Hortensis,  Prunus  cerasus  —  c.  Lauro- 
eerasus,  Prunus  laurocerasus  —  c.  Padus,  Prunus 
padus  —  c.  Racemosus  sylvestris,  Prunus  padus 
— c.  Rubra,  Prunus  cerasus — c.  Serotina,  Prunus 
Virginiana  —  c.  Virginiana,  Prunus  Virginiana  — 
0.  Vulgaris,  Prunus  cerasus. 

C£RAT  BLANG  ou  DE  G ALIEN,  Ceratum 
Galeni — c.  de  Blanc  de  Baleine,  Ceratum  cetacei 
—  c.  de  Goulard,  Ceratum  plumbi  —  c.  poitr  les 
Levres,  Cerate  for  the  lips — c.  de  Plomh  compoKe, 
Ceratum  plumbi  compositum  —  c.  de  Savon,  Ce- 
ratum Saponis — e.  de  Siiracetate  de  plomb,  Cera- 
tum plumbi  superacetatis. 

CE'RATE,  Cera'tum,  from  Kr/pa;,  Lat.  cei-a, 
'  wax,'  Cereles' um,  Cero'ma,  Cero'niurn,  Cero'tum, 
Cero'leum,  Oleo-eera' turn,  Ceratomalag'ma,  (P.) 
Cerat,  Oleo-cerole,  ElcBOcerole,  Cereoli,  Liparoide. 
A  composition  of  wax,  oil,  or  lard,  without  other 
ingredients. 

Cerate,  Simple  Cerate,  Cera'tum,  Cera'tum 
simplex^  (Ph.  U.  S.),  (F.)  Cerat  Simple.  {White 
wax,  %'\y.  Lard,  ^^viij.)  It  is  applied  as  an 
emollient  to  excoriations,  &o.  See  Ceratum  Ce- 
tacei. 

Cerate,  Belleville's,  see  Unguentum  Hy- 
drargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Cerate  of  Cal'amine,  Cera'tum  Calami'nm 
seu  Calamina  prapara'ta  seu  Carbona' tis  zinci 
impu'ri  seu  Zinci  Carbona'tis  seu  lap'idis  Ca- 
lamina'ris  seu  epulot'icum.  Cerate  of  Carbonate 
of  Zinc,  Turner's  Cerate,  Healing  Salve,  (F.) 
C&rat  de  Pierre  Calaminaare,  C.  de  Calamine. 
{Galamin.,  CercB  flavcB,  aa  "^u^,  adiptis,  ibj.  Melt 
the  wax  and  lard  together,  and,  on  cooling,  add 
the  carbonate  of  zinc  and  stir  till  cool. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Cerate  of  Canthar'ides,  Cera'tum  Canthar'- 
idis  seu  Lyttm,  Blister  Ointment,  Ointment  of 
Spanish  Flies,  Unguen'tum  ad  vesicato'ria  seu 
Pul'veris  Blel'oes  vesicato'rii  seu  episjyas'ticmn 
for'tius,  (F.)  Cerat  de  Cantharides.  (Spermaceti 
cerate  ,^vj,  Cantharides  in  powder,  ^j.  The 
cerate  being  softened  by  heat,  stir  in  the  flies.) 
This  cerate  of  the  European  Pharmacopoeias  is 
used  to  keep  blisters,  issues,  Ac,  open.  See  Un- 
guentum Lyttae.  For  the  Cerate  of  Spanish  flies 
of  the  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia,  see  Emplastrum 
Lytta;. 

Cerate,  Goulard's,  Ceratum  plumbi  compo- 
situm. 

Cerate,  Kirkland's  Neutral.  [Diachyl. 
I^viij,  olive  oil  ^iv,  prepared  chalk  ^iv  :  when 
nearly  cool,  add  Acet.  dest.  giv,  plumb  superacet. 
J^iij.)     A  cooling  emollient. 

Cerate  or  Pojia'tuji  for  the  Lips,  Cera'tum 
labia'le  rubrum,  Pomma'tum  ad  labia  demulcen' - 
da. — Ph.  P.  (F.)  Cerat  ou  Pommade  pour  les 
levres,  (Wax  9  parts;  oil  16  parts;  —  coloured 
with  alkanet.) 

Cerate,  Lead,  Compound,  Ceratum  plumbi 
compositum. 

Cerate,  Marshall's.  (Palm  oil  f^vi.  calomel 
^j,  sugar  of  lead  ^ss,  ointment  of  nitrate  of  mer- 

Cerate,  Resin,  Compound,  Ceratum  Resinee 
compositum  —  c.  Savine,  Ceratum  sabinae  —  c. 
Soap,  Ceratum  saponis — c.  Spermaceti,  Ceratum 
cetacei  —  c.  of  Superacetate  or  sugar  of  lead,  Ce- 
ratum plumbi  superacetatis  —  c.  Turner's,  Cerate 
of  Calamine  —  e.  of  Carbonate  of  zinc.  Cerate  of 
calamine. 

CERATECTOM'IA,   from   Kcpa;,  Keparo;,  'the 


cornea,'   and    cKTOfxog,    'cut    out.'     An    incision 
through  the  cornea.     See  Ceratotomia. 
CERATIA,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 
CERATI'ASIS,  Kerati'asis,  from  Kzpag,  Ktparog, 
'  horn.'     A    morbid   condition    characterized   by 
corneous  growths. 
CERATION,  Siliqua. 

CERATI'TIS,  Kerati'tis,  from  Kepas,  KtpaTo;, 
'the  cornea,'  and  itis,  'inflammation.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  cornea,  Cerati'tis,  Ceratode'i'tis, 
Kerat.odei'tis,  Ceratomeningi'tis,  Cornei'tis,  In- 
flamma'tio   cor'necB. 

CERATIUM,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CER'ATO.  In  composition,  relating  or  apper- 
taining to  the  eornua  of  the  os  hyoides,  or  to  the 
cornea.  _ 

CERATOCE'LB,  Keratoce'le,^  Aquula,  Uva'- 
tio,  Prominen'tia  Cor' nece,  Hernia  Cor'necB,  Cera- 
todeoce'le,  from  Kspa;,  Keparos,  'horn,'  and  Kri'S.ri, 
'tumour.'  A  protrusion  of  the  transparent  cor- 
nea, or  rather  of  the  membrane  of  the  aqueous 
humour,  through  an  opening  in  the  cornea. 

CERATODEITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CERATODEOCELE,  Ceratocele. 

CERATODEONYXIS,  Ceratonyxis. 

CERATODES  MEMBRANA,  Cornea. 

CERATOGLOS'SUS,  Kerafoglos'sus,  from  ce- 
rato,  and  yXuacra,  '  the  tongue.'  A  muscle,  ex- 
tending from  the  great  eornu  of  the  os  hyoides  to 
the  base  of  the  tongue.  It  is  a  part  of  the  hyo- 
glossus. 

CERATOIDES,  Cornea. 

CERATOLEUCOMA,  Leucoma. 

CERATO'MA,  Cerato'sis,  from  xepag,  Ktparog, 
'horn.'     A  horny  growth,  or  horny  formation. 

CER'ATO-MALA'CIA,  Ker'ato-mala'cia,  from 
Ktpag,  Keparog,  'cornea,'  and  fiaXaKia,  'softness.' 
Softening  of  the  cornea,  the  result  of  inflamma- 
tion or  of  starvation. 

CERATO-MALAGMA,  Cerate. 

CERATO-MENINGITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CERATO-MENINX,  Cornea. 

CERATO'NIA,  SIL'IQUA,  from  K^pag,  Ksparog, 
'a  horn'  —  from  its  hornlike  pod.  The  Carob 
Tree,  Cera'tium,  Cera'tia,  Sil'iqua  dulcis,  Caro'- 
ba  Alnabati,  Siceetpod,  (F.)  Caroubier,  (Fruit, 
Carouge.)  This — the  fruit  of  the  Ceratonia  sili- 
qua— is  mucilaginous,  and  employed  in  decoction 
where  mucilages  are  indicated. 

CERATONYX'IS,  Keratomjx'is,  Ceratodeo- 
nyx'is,  from  Kepag,  Keparog,  'the  cornea,'  and  vv(7- 
ao),  'I  puncture.'  An  operation  by  which  the 
crystalline  is  depressed  by  means  of  a  needle  in- 
troduced into  the  eye  through  the  cornea.  Some 
divide  the  crystalline  into  fragments  with  the 
needle,  and  leave  them  to  the  action  of  the  ab- 
sorbents. The  operation  is  as  old  as  th-e  17th 
century. 

CER'ATO-PHARYNGE'US,5'er'a«o-P7,.a,-2/n- 
ge'us,  from  cerato,  and  ipapvy^,  'the  pharynx.' 
The  great  and  small  Cer' ato-pharynge' i  are  small 
fleshy  bundles,  forming  part  of  the  Hyo-pharyn- 
geus  of  Winslow.  _ 

CERATOPLAS'TICE,  Cer' atojilasty ,  Ker'ato- 
plasty,  from  Ktpag,  Keparog,  '  the  cornea,'  and  -Aoct- 
TiKog,  '  forming,  formative.'  The  operation  for  the 
formation  of  an  artificial  cornea.  It  has  not  been 
practised  on  man. 

CERATORRHEX'IS,  Ruptn'ra  cor'nea:,  from 
Ktpag,  Ktparog,  'the  cornea,'  and  pn^i-g,  'rupture.' 
Rupture  of  the  cornea. 

CERATOSIS,  Ceratoma. 

CER'ATO-STAPHYLI'NUS,  Ker'oto-staphy- 
li'nus,  from  cerato,  and  aratpvXij,  'the  uvula.' 
Some  fleshy  fibres  of  the  Thyro-staphylinus  of 
Winslow. 

CERATOTO'MIA,  Ceratectom'ia,  from  Ktpag, 
Ktparog,  'cornea,'  and  rtfivtiv,  'to  cut.'  Section 
of  the  transparent  cornea.     This  incision  is  used 


CERATOTOMUS 


188 


CEREBELLITIS 


in  the  operation  for  cataract,  to  give  exit  to  pus 
effused  in  the  eye,  in  case  of  hj'popyon,  <fec. 

CERATOT'OMUS,  Keratot'omus,  Eerat'omus, 
from  KZiiai,  KspuTos,  '  cornea,'  and  rijivtiv,  '  to  cut.' 
A  name  given  by  Wenzel  to  his  knife  for  dividing 
the  transparent  cornea,  in  the  operation  for  cata- 
ract. Many  modifications  of  the  instrument  have 
been  made  since  Wenzel's  time.  See  Knife,  ca- 
taract. 

CERATUM,  Cerate— -c.  Album,  Ceratum  ceta- 
cei,  Ceratum  Galeni — c.  de  Altheea,  Unguentum 
dc  Althgea —  c.  Calamines,  Cerate  of  Calamine — 
e.  Cantharidis,  Cerate  of  Cantharides,  Emplas- 
trum  LyttEe — c.  de  Cerussa,  Unguentum  plumbi 
subcarbonatis. 

Cera'tum  Ceta'cei,  C.  Spermacet'i  seu  album 
seu  cefi  seu  simplex  (Ph.  E.),  Unguen'tum  Ceta'- 
cei (Ph.  D.)  seu  adipoce'rfB  ceto'rum,  Linimen'- 
tum  album,  EmpAas' trum  Sperm' atis  Ceti,  Sperma- 
ceti Cerate,  (F.)  Cerat  de  bJanc  de  baleine,  On- 
guent  blanc.  {^Spermaceti,  ^j  ;  white  tcax,  §iij  ; 
olive  oil,  f ^vi.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  good  emollient  to 
ulcers,  &c. 

Ceratum  Ceti,  Ceratum  cetacei  —  e.  Cicuta3, 
Ceratum  conii — c.  Citrinum,  Ceratum  resinse. 

Cera'ttjm  Coxi'i.  Cera'tum  Cicu'tcB-  ( U^ng. 
conii,  tt)j  ;  cetacei,  ^ij  ,•  eercB  alba,  ^iij.)  A  for- 
mula in  Bartholomew's  Hospital;  occasionally 
applied  to  cancerous,  scrofulous  sores,  <fec. 

Ceeatum  Epuloticum,  Cerate  of  calamine. 

Cera'tum  Gale'ni,  C.  album  seu  refrig"erans 
Gale'ni,  Unguen'tum  cera'tum  seu  aviygdali'num 
seu  simplex,  Emplas'trum  ad  fontic'ulos,  O'leo- 
cera'tum  aqud  suba.c'tum,  Cold.  Cream,  (F.)  Cerat 
hlane  ou  de  Galiex.  (  White  wax,  i  parts  ;  oil 
of  siceet  almonds,  16  parts  ;  add,  when  melted, 
tcater  or  rose-tcaJer,  12  parts.  Ph.  P.)  A  mild 
application  to  chaps,  &c. 

Cera'tum  HvDEAR'eYRi  Compos'itum,  Com- 
pound Cerate  of  3Iercury.  (Urig.  Hydrarg.,  Ce- 
rat. So.pon.  Comp.,  aa,  §vj;  Camphor,  ,^iss. 
Rub  together.  Ph.  L.)  A  discutient  to  indolent 
tumours. 

Ceratum  Laeiale  Rubrum,  Cerate  for  the 
lips  —  c.  Lapidis  calaminaris.  Cerate  of  calamine 
—  e.  LithargjTi  acetati  compositum,  Ceratum 
plumbi  compositum — c.  Lyttae,  Cerate  of  cantha- 
rides— c.  Mercuriale,  Unguentum  hydrargyri — c. 
Picatum,  Pisselaeum. 

Ceratum  Plumbi  Compos'itum,  C.  LitJiar'gyri 
Aceta'ti  Comptos' itum  seu  Sabaceta'ti  p)lumhi  medi- 
ca'tura  seu  Plumbi  Subaceta'tis  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Sa- 
tur'iii,  Comj)ound  Lead  Cerate,  Goidard's  Cerate, 
Goxdard's  Ointment,  (F.)  Cerat  de  Goulard,  C.  de 
Plomb  compose.  [Liq.  pilumb.  subacet.,  §iiss; 
cerce  flavcB,  ,^iv,-  ol.  oliv.,  ^i.x;  campihorca,  Jss. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Its  virtues  are  the  same  as  the  next. 

Ceratum  Plumbi  Supeeaceta'tis,  C.  Plumbi 
Aceta'tis,  Unguentum  Cerus'sce  Aceta'tcB,  Cerate 
of  Superacetate  or  Sugar  of  Lead,  Ungxientum  Ace- 
tatis  Plumbi,  (F.)  Cerat  de  suracetate  de  Plomh. 
{Acetate  of  lead,  Jij  :  tchite  wax,  5ij  ;  olive  oil, 
B)ss.)     Cooling  and  astringent. 

Cekatum  Refhigerans  Galexi,  Ceratum  Ga- 
leni. 

Ceratum  Resi'n.e,  C.  Resi'na  fiavm  seu  cit'ri- 
•num,  Unguen'tum  basil'icon  flavum,  seu  Resi'ncB 
flavce  seu  Pesino'sum.,  Pesin  Cerate  or  Ointment, 
Yellow  Basil'icon,  Basil'icon  Ointment.  {Pesin. 
flav.,  ^v;  CercB  flav.,  ^iy,  Adipis,  gviij.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  A  stimulating  application  to  old  ulcers, 
&o.     Digestive. 

Dr.  Smellome's  Ointment  for  the  Eyes  consists 
of  finely  powdered  verdigris,  ^ss,  rubbed  with 
oil,  and  then  mixed  with  an  ounce  of  ceratum 
resincB. 

Ceratum  Resi'njg  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Pesin  Cerate,  {Pesin.,  Sevi,  CercB  favcB,  aa,  ft j  j 
Terebinth.,  ftss ;    01.  Lini,  Oss.     JDeshlei-'s  Salve. 


Melt  together,  strain  through  linen,  and  stir  till 
cool.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

Ceratum  Sabi'x^,  Unguentum  Sabinm,  Savine 
Cerate,  (F.)  Cerat  de  Sabine.  {Savine,  in  pow- 
der, ^ij;  Pesin  Cerate,  Ibj.  Ph.  U.  S.  Irrita- 
tive, '  drawing.'  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
cerate  of  cantharides. 

Ceeatum  Sapo'xis,  C.  Sapo'nis  Compos'itum^ 
Soa.p  Cerate,  (F.)  Cerat  de  Savon.  {Liq.  Plumb, 
subacetat.,  Oij  ;  Sapon,  ^vy,  CercB  aibcB,^x;  01. 
olivcE,  Oj.  Boil  the  solution  of  subacetate  of  lead 
with  the  soap  over  a  slow  fire,  to  the  consistence 
of  honey;  then  transfer  to  a  water-bath,  and  eva- 
porate until  all  the  moisture  is  dissipated  ;  lastly, 
add  the  wax,  previously  melted  with  the  oil,  and 
mix.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  applied  in  cases  of  sprains 
or  fractures, 

Ceratum  Saturx%  Ceratum  plumbi  composi- 
tum —  c.  Simplex,  Cerate,  simple,  Ceratum  ceta- 
cei-— c.  Spermaceti,  Ceratum  cetacei — c.  Subace- 
tati  plumbi  medicatum,  Ceratum  plumbi  composi- 
tum— c.  Tetrapharmacum,  Pisselseum. 

Ceratum  Zixci  Carboxatis,  Cerate  of  Car- 
bonate of  Zinc.  {Zinei  carbonat.  prcejjarat.,  ^\y, 
Ung.  simpL,  ^x.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  Ceratum  calaminte. 

CERAU'jSTION",  from  Ktpavvos,  'thunder,'  'a 
thunderbolt.'  Lapis  fulmin'eus.  A  kind  of  stone, 
which  was  believed  to  be  formed  during  thunder; 
and  to  be  possessed  of  the  power  of  inducing 
sleep,  and  numerous  other  prophylactic  virtues. 
It  was  rubbed  on  the  knee,  breast,  <tc.,  in  swell- 
ings of  those  parts. 

CERBERA  AHOYAI,  see  Strychnine. 

Cerbera  Taughln',  Taughin'ia,  T.  venenif'era. 
A  tree  of  Madagascar,  Order,  Apocynacese;  the 
kernel  of  whose  fruit  is  a  deadlj'  poison  ;  and  al- 
though not  larger  than  an  almond  is  sufficient  to 
destroy  twenty  people. 

Cerbera  Thevetia,  see  Strychnine. 

CERBERUS  TRICEPS,  Pulvis  cornachini. 

CERCA'RIA,  from  KepKog,  'a  tail.'  A  genus 
of  agastric,  caudate,  infusory  animalcules,  one  of 
the  most  curious  of  which  inhabits  the  tartar  of 
the  teeth.  The,  so  called,  spermatozoa  have  been 
presumed  by  some  to  belong  to  this  genus. 

CERCHNASMUS,  Corchnus. 

CERCHXOMA,  Cerehnus. 

CERCHXUS,  Cerchnas'mus,  Cerchnnm,  Cerch- 
no'ma,  from  Kzp'xyeoj,  '  I  render  hoarse.'  A  rough 
voice  produced  by  hoarseness.     See  Rattle. 

CEPCIPIS,  Tragopogon  porrifolium. 

CER'CIS,  KzpKi?.  A  sort  of  pestle  for  reducing 
substances  to  powder.  Also,  the  radius  or  small 
bone  of  the  arm.     See  Pilum,  and  Radius. 

CEPCLE,  Cireulus — e.  de  la  Charoide,  Ciliary 
ligament — e.  Ciliare,  Ciliary  ligament. 

CERCO'SIS,  from  KtpKoi,  'a  tail.'  Men'tula 
mulie'bris,  the  Clit'oris.  Some  authors  have  em- 
ployed the  word  synonymously  with  nymphoma- 
nia and  elongation  of  the  clitoris;  and  with  Poly- 
pus Uteri,  the  Sareo'ma  Cerco'sis  of  Sauvages. 

Cercosis  Clitoridis,  Clitorism  —  c.  Externa, 
CHtorism. 

CEREA,  Cerumen. 

CEREA'LIA,  from  Ceres,  'goddess  of  corn.' 
(F.)  Cereales  {Plantes.)  The  cerealia  are  gra- 
mineous plants,  the  seed  of  which  serve  for  the 
nourishment  of  man  : — as  wheat,  barley,  rye,  <tc. 
At  times,  the  same  term  is  applied  to  some  of  the 
leguminous  plants. 

CEREBARIA,  Carebaria. 

CEREBEL'LA  URI'XA.  Urine  of  a  whitish 
appearance,  of  the  colour  of  the  brain  or  cerebel- 
lum, from  which  Paracelsus  thought  he  could 
distinguish  diseases  of  that  organ. 

CEREBELLI'TIS,  badly  formed  from  cere- 
bellum  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Paren- 
cephali'tis,  Infamma'tio  cerebel'li.    Inflammation 


CEREBELLOIJS 


]  89 


CERFEUIL 


of  the  cerebellnm:  a  variety  of  phrenitis  or  ence- 
phalitis. 

CEREBEL'LOUS,  Cerehello'svs,  from  cerehel- 
luni,  '  the  little  brain.'  (F.)  Cerehelleux.  Chaus- 
sier  has  given  this  epithet  to  the  vessels  of  the 
cerebellum.  These  are  three  in  number;  two 
of  which  are  inferior :  the  larger,  inferior  cere- 
helli,  which  arises  from  the  posterior  cerebral  or 
vertebral;  and  the  smaller,  whose  existence  is 
not  constant,  from  the  meso-cephalic  or  basilary  : 
— the  third,  called  A.  cirehelleuse  superieure  (sti- 
2)erior  cerebelli,)  is  also  a  branch  of  the  basilary. 

Cerebel'lous  Ap'oplext,  Apnplex'ia  eere- 
bello'sa  :  apoplexy  of  the  cerebellum. 

CEREBEL'LUM,  diminutive  of  Cerebrum ; 
Cerebrum  parvum  seu  poste'rius,  Appen'dix  ad 
cer'ebrum,  Encra'nion,  Encra'nis,  Epencra'nis, 
Parenceph' alia,  Parencepli' ahis,  Parenceph' alum, 
Eneephal'ium,  Enceph'alu-s  opis'thius,  Micrence- 
piha  Hum,  3ficrenceph' alum,  Little  brain  (F.)  Cer- 
velet.  A  portion  of  the  medullary  mass,  con- 
tained in  the  cavity  of  the  cranium.  It  fills  the 
lower  occipital  fossae  below  the  tentorium,  and 
embraces  the  tuber  annulare  and  medulla.  It  is 
composed,  like  the  brain,  of  vesicular  and  tubu- 
lar substance,  arranged  in  laminse,  as  it  were ; 
so  that,  when  a  section  is  made  of  it,  it  has  an 
arborescent  appearance,  called  Arbor  vita.  The 
cerebellum  is  divided  into  two  lobes  or  hemispheres 
or  lateral  masses,  Lobus  superior  anterior  seu 
quadrangula'ris,  and  Lobus  superior  posterior  seu 
semiluna'ris,  and  each  lobe  is  again  subdivided 
into  Montie'uli  or  Lobules.  In  the  cerebellum 
are  to  be  observed  the  crura  cerebelli,  ihe  fourth 
ventricle,  the  valvula  magna  cerebri,  the  processics 
vermicxdares,  superior  and  inferior,  <feo. 

CER'EBRAL,  Oerebra'lis,  (F.),  Cerebral,  from 
cerebrum,  '  the  brain.'  Belonging  to  the  brain ; 
eimilar  to  brain. 

Cerebral  Apophysis,  Pineal  gland. 

Cerebral  Ar'teries  are  three  on  each  side : 
—  the  anterior  or  o:rtery  of  the  corpus  callosum, 
and  the  middle,  a.rte'ria  Sylcia'na,  are  furnished 
by  the  internal  carotid :  —  the^posterior  or  poste- 
rior and  inferior  artery  of  the  brain,  A.  profunda 
cerebri,  arises  from  the  vertebral.  Chaussier 
calls  these  arteries  lobaires,  because  they  corre- 
spond with  the  anterior,  middle,  and  posterior 
lobes,  whilst  he  calls  the  trunks,  whence  they 
originate,  cerebral. 

Cerebral  Nerves  are  those  which  arise  with- 
in the  cranium,  (P.)  Kerfs  craniens,  all  of  which, 
perhaps,  with  the  exception  of  the  olfactory,  ori- 
ginate from  the  medulla  oblongata.     See  Nerves. 

In  Pathology,  an  affection  is  called  cerebral, 
which  specially  occupies  the  brain.  Fievre  ch-e- 
brale,  Cerebral  fever,  is  a  variety  in  which  the 
head  is  much  affected. 

CEREBRA'TION,  Cerebratio,  from  cerebrum, 
'the  brain.'  The  action  of  the  brain  during  any 
mental  or  moral  manifestation. 

CEREBRIFORM,  Encephaloid. 

CEREBRITIS,  Phrenitis. 

CEREBROPATHT,  see  Nervous  diathesis. 

CEREBRO-MALACIA,  Mollities  cerebri. 

CEREBRO-RACHIDIAN,  Cephalo-spinal. 

CEREBRO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spinal.  Acere- 
bro-spinal  or  cerebro-spinant  is  a  neurotic,  which 
exercises  a  special  influence  over  one  or  more 
functions  of  the  brain  and  spinal  cord,  and  their 
respective  nerves. — Pereira. 

Cerebro-Sptnal  Axis,  see  Encephalon. 

CEREBRO-SPINANT,  Cerebro-spinal. 

CER'EBRUM  or  CERE'BRUM,  from  Kapa, 
'the  head.'  The  brain.  (F.)  Cervenu,  Cervelle. 
This  term  is  sometimes  applied  to  the  whole  of 
the  contents  of  the  cranium  :  at  others,  to  the 
upper  portion  ; — the  posterior  and  inferior  being 
called  cerebellum.     The  brain,  properly  so  called, 


extends  from  the  os  frontis  to  the  superior  occi- 
pital fossEe.  Anteriorly,  it  rests  on  the  orbitar 
vault :  behind  this,  on  the  middle  fossaj  of  the 
base  of  the  cranium;  and,  posteriorly,  on  the  ten- 
torium cerebello  superextensnm.  The  upjper  sur- 
face is  divided  by  a  deep  median  cleft  [Seissure 
interlobaire,  —  Ch.)  into  two  halves,  called  hemi- 
spheres, which  are  united  at  the  base  by  the 
corpus  callosum.  At  its  surface  are  numerou.s 
convolutions.  The  inferior  surface  exhibits,  from 
before  to  behind,  three  lobes,  distinguished  into 
anterior,  middle,  and  posterior.  The  middle  is 
separated  from  the  anterior  by  the  fissure  of 
Sylvics;  and  from  the  posterior,  by  a  shallow 
furrow  which  corresponds  to  the  upper  portion  of 
the  pars  petrosa.  Internally,  the  brain  has,  on 
the  median  line,  the  cor2)us  callosum,  septum 
hicidum,  fornix,  pyineal  gland,  and  third  ventricle : 
—  and  laterally,  the  lateral  ventricles,  in  which 
are  the  corpora  striata,  optic  thalami,  &c.  It  is 
contained  in  a  triple  envelope,  (see  Meninges.) 
Its  texture  is  pulpy,  and  varies  according  to  age. 
Two  substances  may  be  distinguished  in  it  —  the 
white,  medullary,  tubular  or  fibrous  —  medull'a 
cer'ebri,  (F.)  Pulpe  cerebral,  and  the  cortical, 
cineritious,  vesicular,  or  gray.  The  former  is 
white;  and  occupies  all  the  interior  and  base  of 
the  brain.  The  latter  is  grayish  and  softer.  It 
is  situate  particularly  at  the  surface  of  the  organ. 

The  brain  receives  several  arterial  vessels,  fur- 
nished by  the  internal  carotid  and  vertebral.  Its 
veins  end  in  the  sinuses.  It  is  the  material 
organ  of  the  mental  and  moral  manifestations. 
According  to  Gall,  each  part  is  the  special  seat 
of  one  of  those  faculties,  and  the  brain  and  cere- 
bellum, inclusive,  are  called  by  him  '  the  nervous 
system  of  the  mental  faculties.'     See  Craniology. 

The  substance  of  the  nervous  system — Neurine 
— has  been  analyzed  by  Vauquelin,  and  found  to 
contain  water,  80'00;  white  fatty  matter,  4-53 ; 
red  fatty  matter,  called  cerehrine,  0'70;  osma- 
zome,  1'12;  albumen,  7'00;  phosphorus,  I'oO; 
sulphur,  acid  phosphates  of  potassa,  lime,  and 
magnesia,  5"15. 

Cerebrum  Abdominale,  Solar  plexus — c.  Elon- 
gatum.  Medulla  oblongata — c.  Parvum,  Cerebel- 
lum— c.  Posterius,  Cerebellum. 

CEREC'TOMY,  Cerectom'ia,  Kerec'tomy,  from 
KEpnf,  'cornea,'  and  zKTOjiri,  'excision.'  Excision 
of  a  layer  or  portion  of  the  cornea. 

CEREFOLIUM,  Scandix  cerefolium  — c.  His- 
panicum,  Chasrophyllum  odoratum — c.  Sylvestre, 
Chaerophyllum  sylvestre. 

CEREL^UM,  Cerate. 

CEREOLJ^,  Cerate. 

CEREOLUS,  Bougie. 

CERERISIA,  Cerevisia. 

CERERIUM,  Cerium. 

CEREUM  MEDTCATUM,  Bougie. 

CEREUS,  Bougie. 

CEREVIS'IA,  quasi  Oereris'ia,  Cervis'ia,  Ce'- 
lia,  Zythus,  Zythiim,  Liquor  Cer'eris,  Oivog  KpiQrn, 
Vinum  hordea''ceum,  Bira,  Bryton,  Ppvrov,  Barley 
icine,  from  Ceres,  'corn;'  whence  it  is  made. 
Ale  (Alia,)  (Sc.)  Barley-bree,  Barley-corn,  Beer, 
Porter,  (F.)  Biere,  Cervoise.  These  fluids  are 
drunk  by  the  inhabitants  of  many  countries 
habitually,  and  in  Great  Britain  and  Germany 
more  than  in  others.  They  are  nourishing,  but 
not  very  easy  of  digestion.  The  old  dispensato- 
ries contain  numerous  medicated  ales,  which  are 
no  longer  in  use.  Some,  however,  are  still  ad- 
mitted. They  are  the  Brutoles  ou  Brytoles  of 
Chereau,  Brytolatures  of  Beral ;  —  Bieres  Medi- 
ci n  ales. 

Cerevisia  Abietis,  Beer,  spruce  —  c.  Nigra, 
see  Falltranck. 

CERFEUIL,  Scandix  cerefolium — c  Musgue, 


CERION 


190 


CERVUS 


Chserophyllum   odoratum  — c.  Sauvage,   Chaero- 
phyllum  sylvestre- 

CERION,  see  Favosus,  Porrigo  favosa. 

CERISIER,  Prunus  cerasus  —  c.  d  Grappes, 

Prunus  padus — c.  de  Virginie,  Prunus  Virginiana. 

CE'RIUM,  Cere'rium.    A  metal  which  is  never 

found  isolated,  being  usually  combined  with  lan- 

thanium    or    lantanium    and    didymium.        The 

salts  of  cerium  are  supposed  to  be  sedative  and 

tonic.     They  have  been  used  in  dyspepsia  in  its 

various  forms ;  the  vomiting  of  pregnancy,  &e. 

Dose  of  the  oxalate  or  nitrate,  one  or  two  grains. 

CERNIN,  SAINT,  WATERS  OF.    St.  C.  is  a 

parish  in  the  diocese   of  St.  Flour,  Upper  Au- 

vergne,  France.     The  water  is  a  chalybeate.     It 

is  called  Eau  du  Camhon. 

CERISrOS,  Capistrum. 

CEROE'NE,  Cerou'ne,  or  Ciroue'ne,  Ceroe'num, 
from  Kijpog,  'wax,'  and  otvos,  'wine.'     A  plaster 
composed  of  yelloio  loax,  mutton  &uet,  pitch.  Bur- 
gundy pitch,  bole  Armeniac,   thus  and  wine.     It 
was  used  as  a  strengthening  plaster.    Sometimes 
it  contained  neither  wax  nor  wine. 
CEROLEUM,  Cerate. 
CEROMA,  Cerate.     See  Lardaceous. 
CEROMANTI'A,  from  Kijpog,  'wax,'  and  nav- 
Tua,  '  divination.'     The  art  of  foretelling  the  fu- 
ture, from  the  figures  which  melted  wax  assumes, 
when  suffered  to  drop  on  the  surface  of  water. 
CERONIUM,  Cerate. 

CEROPIS'SUS,  from  Kvpog,  'wax,'  and  rrnrcra, 
'  pitch.'  A  depilatory  plaster,  composed  of  pitch 
and  wax. 

CEROS,  Cera. 

CEROSTROSIS,  Hystriciasis. 
CEROTUM,  Cerate. 
CEROXYLON,  see  Cera  flava  et  alba, 
CERUA,  Ricinus  communis. 
CERU'MEN,  from  cera,  'wax.'     C.  Au'rivm, 
Ce'rea,  Aurium  Sordes,  Sordic'ulcB  au'rium,  3Iar- 
mora'ta  Au'rium,  Cypsele,  Ceru'minous  Humour, 
Ear-icax,  Cyp'selis,  Fu'gile,  (F.)  Ciredes  OretUes. 
A  name  given  to  the  unctuous  humour,  similar 
to  wax  in  its  physical  properties,  which  is  met 
with    in    the  meatus  auditorius   externus.     It   is 
secreted  by  glands,  situate  beneath  the  skin  lining 
the  meatus.     It  lubricates  the  meatus,  preserves 
the  suppleness  of  the  lining  membrane,  prevents 
the  introduction  of  bodies  floating  in  the  atmo- 
sphere, and  by  its  bitterness  and  unctuousness 
prevents  insects  from  penetrating. 

CERU'MINOUS,  Oerumino'sus,  (F.)  Cerumi- 
neux.     Relating  to  cerumen. 

Ceruminous    Glands,    Ceru'minous    Follicles, 
(F.)  Glandes  ou  Follicules  ch-umineuses.     Glands 
or  follicles  which  secrete  the  cerumen. 
CERUSE,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
CERUSSA  ACETATA,  Plumbi  superacetas  — 
c.  Alba  Hispanica,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c.  Alba 
Norica,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c.  Nigra,  Graphites 
— c.  Psymmithron,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c.  Ser- 
pentarise,  see  Arum  maculatum. 
CERUSSE,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
CERUS'SEA  URI'NA.  A  term  used  by  Para- 
celsus for  the  urine,  when  of  a  colour  like  eerusse. 
CERVARIA  ALBA,  Laserpitium  latifolium. 
CER  VEA  U,  Cerebrum. 
CERVELET,  Cerebellum. 
CERVELLE.  Cerebrum. 
CERVI  BOLETUS,  Elaphomyces  Granulatus. 
CERVI  ELAPHI   CORNU,  Cornu  cervi,  see 
Cervus. 

CER'VICAL,  Cervica'lis,  Traehe'lian,  (F.) 
Traehelien,  from  cervix,  cervicis,  the  neck,  'the 
back  of  the  neck.'  Every  thing  which  concerns 
the  neck.  Cervi'ccd,  in  antiquity,  meant  a  pillow 
or  bolster. 

Cervical  Ar'teries  are  three  in  number :  1. 


The  ascending,  anterior,  or  sxtperjicial,  a  branch 
of  the  inferior  thyroid,  distributed  to  the  scaleni 
muscles  and  integuments.  2.  The  transverse 
[Cervico-scapulaire — Ch.,)  a  branch  of  the  axil- 
lary artery,  or  of  the  subclavian  :  distributed  to 
the  levator  scapulm,  trajKzius,  &c.  3.  The  pos- 
terior or  profound,  A.  transversa' lis  colli,  Tra- 
chelo-cervicale — (Ch.)  a  branch  of  the  subclavian, 
distributed  to  the  deep-seated  muscles  on  the  an- 
terior and  posterior  parts  of  the  neck.  See,  also, 
Princeps  Cervicis  (arteria). 

Cervical  Gan'glions.  The  three  ganglions 
of  the  great  sympathetic.  The  cervical  glands 
or  lymphatic  glands  of  the  neck  are,  also,  so 
called.     See  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

Certical  Lig'aments.  These  are  two  in 
number.  1.  The  anterior,  extending  from  the 
basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone  to  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  first  cervical  vertebra.  2.  The 
posterior  or  supraspi'nous,  Ligamen'tum  Nu'cha, 
which  extends  from  the  outer  occipital  protube- 
rance to  the  spinous  process  of  the  seventh  cer- 
vical vertebra.  In  animals  with  large  heads  it  is 
very  strong. 

Cervical  Nerves  are  eight  in  number  on 
each  side,  and  form  the  eight  cervical  pairs,  which 
are  the  first  given  off  from  the  spinal  marrow. 

Cervical  Plexus,  Plexus  Trachelo-souscutani 
(Ch.)  The  nervous  net-work  formed  by  the  an- 
terior branches  of  the  first  three  cervical  nerves, 
above  the  posterior  scalenus  muscle,  and  at  the 
outer  side  of  the  pneumogastric  nerve,  carotid 
arterj',  and  jugular  vein. 

Cervical  Region,  Anterior  Deep,  Prever'- 
tebral  region.  The  region  of  the  neck,  occupied 
by  three  pairs  of  muscles  placed  immediately  in 
front  of  the  cervical  and  three  superior  dorsal 
vertebrce :— viz.  the  rectus  capitis  anticus  major, 
the  rectus  capitis  anticu's  minor,  and  longus  colli ; 
— hence  tenned  prevertebral  muscles. 

Cervical  Veins  have  nearly  the  same  distri- 
bution as  the  arteries. 

Cervical  Ver'tebr^.  The  first  seven  verte- 
brse  of  the  spine. 

CERVICALIS  DESCENDENS,  see  Hypo- 
glossus  and  Sacro-lumbalis. 

CERVICARIA,  Campanula  trachelium. 
CER  VICI-D ORSO-SCAP ULAIRE,    Rhom- 
boideus  —  c.  Dorso-costal,   Serratus  posticus  su- 
perior—  c.  Dorso-masto'idien  et  dorso-trachelien, 
Splenius — c.  Masto'idien,  Splenius. 

CER'VICO-FA'CIAL,  Cervi' co-facia' lis.  Be- 
longing to  the  neck  and  face. 

Cervico-facial  Nerve,  Nervxts  cervi co-facia- 
lis.  A  branch  of  the  facial  nerve,  distributed  to 
the  neck  and  face. 

CERVISIA,  Cerevisia. 
CERVISPINA,  Rhamnus. 
CERVIX,   Colhm.     The  neck,  especially  the 
back  part.     A  neck. 

Cervix  Obstipa,  Torticollis — c.  Uteri,  CoUum 
uteri. 

CER  VOISE,  Cerevisia. 

CERVUS,  Cerva.  The  horn  of  the  Cervus  El'- 
aphus,  called  Cornu,  Cervi  El'aphi  Cornu,  Cornu 
Cervi'num,  Hartshorn,  (F.)  Come  de  cerf,  con- 
tains 27  parts  of  gelatin  in  the  100.  A  jelly  made 
from  the  shavings  is  emollient  and  nutritive. 

The  Stag's  Pizzle,  Pria'pius  Cervi,  was  once 
considered  to  be  aphrodisiac.  Dose,  ^j  to  3J)  in 
powder. 

Cervus  Alces.  The  Elk,  (F.)  Elan.  Tbo 
%oof  of  this  animal  was  anciently  used  as  an  anti- 
epileptic.  The  animal,  it  was  asserted,  was  sub- 
ject to  attacks  of  epilepsy,  and  always  cured  them 
by  putting  its  hoof  into  the  ear.  The  hoof  was 
also  worn  as  an  amulet. 

Cornu  Ustum,  Burnt  Hartshorn,  has  been  used 
as  an  antacid,  but  it  consists  of  57  parts  of  phos- 


ClSSARlENNE  OPERATION        191 


CHAMiELEA 


phafe,  and  only  one  of  carbonate  of  lime.     It  is, 
therefore,  not  of  much  use. 

CESARIENNE  OPERATION,  Cjesarean 
section. 

CESSATIO  MENSIUM,  Amenorrhoea. 

CESTRI'TES.  A  wine  prepared  from  betony, 
((CEorpoi',  '  betony.') 

CESTRON,  Betonica  officinalis. 

CETA'CEUM,  from  Krirog,  eetns,  'a  whale.' 
Alhum  Ceti,  Adipoce' ra  ceto'sa,  Steari' nwm  ceta'- 
ceum,  Spermacet'i,  Parmacit'y,  Sperm,  (F.)  Blanc 
de  Baleine,  Cetine,  Adipocire  de  Baleine.  An 
inodorous,  insipid,  white,  crystallized,  friable, 
unctuous  substance,  obtained  from  the  brain  of 
the  Physe'tei-  MacrocepV aliis  or  Spermaceti  Whale, 
(F.)  Cachalot,  and  other  varieties  of  whale. 
S.  g.  •943.3  :  melts  at  112°.  It  is  demulcent  and 
emollient,  and  has  been  given  in  coughs  and 
dysentery,  but  is  mostly  used  in  ointments.  Dose, 
^ss  to  3'ss,  rubbed  up  with  sugar  or  egg. 

CETERACH  OFFICINARUM,  Asplenium 
ceterach. 

CETINE.  Cetaceum. 

CETRARIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus. 

CETRARIN,  see  Lichen  islandicus. 

CETRARIUM,  see  Lichen  islandicus. 

CEVADILLA,  see  Veratrum  sabadilla — c.  His- 
panorum,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

CEVADILLE,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

CHAA.  Thea. 

CHACRILLE,  Croton  eascarilla. 

CHADLOCK,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

CH^.REPOLIUM,  Scandix  eerefolium. 

CHyEROPHYL'LUM,  from  x«V«,  'I  rejoice,' 
nnd  (pvWov,  'a  leaf,'  owing  to  its  luxuriant  foliage. 
Scandix  eerefolium. 

Ch^brophyllum  Cerefolium,  Scandix  eerefo- 
lium— c.  Angulatum,  Ch.  sylvestre. 

CH^ROPHYL'Lirjr  Odora'tiiji,  Scandix  seu 
Cieuta'ria  Odora'ta,  ilyrrhis  Odora'ta  seu  Major, 
Cerefo'lium  ffispan'icum.  Sweet  Cic"eli/,  (F.) 
Cerfeuil  musqitee  ou  d'Espagne  ;  Order,  Umbelli- 
ferse;  has  the  smell  of  aniseed,  and  is  cultivated 
on  account  of  its  aromatic  properties. 

Ch^rophyl'lum  Monogynum,  Ch.  sylvestre — 
c.  Sativum,  Scandix. 

Ch^rophyl'lum  Sylves'tre,  Cieuta'ria,  ChcB- 
ropht/l'lum  tem'idum  seu  monog'yniim  seu  aiigii- 
la'tnm  seu  verticella'tnm,  Anthris'cnn  hu'milis  seu 
prnc"eru8,  Cerefo'lium  Sylves'tre,  Bastard  Hem- 
lock, Wild  Chervil  or  Coio-ioeed,  (F.)  Cerfeuil 
sanvage,  Persil  d'Ane,  is  a  slightly  fetid  aromatic, 
but  is  not  used. 

ChjEROphyllum  TEMULT'sr,  Chserophyllum  syl- 
vestre— c.  Verticillatum,  Ch.  sylvestre. 

CH^TE.  Capillus. 

CHAFING,  Erythe'ma  Iniertri'go,  Intertri'go, 
Paratrim'ma,  Paratrip'sis,  Diatrim'ma,  Attri'ta, 
Attrit"io,  from  (F.)  eschauffer,  echaujfer,  'to 
heat,'  Fret,  Gall  of  the  skin;  Atfri'tus,  (F.) 
Echauffemens,  Eeorehures.  The  red  excoriations 
which  occur  in  consequence  of  the  friction  of 
parts,  or  between  the  folds  of  the  skin,  especially 
in  fat  or  neglected  children.  Washing  with  cold 
water  and  dusting  with  hair-powder  is  the  best 
preventive.  When  occurring  between  the  nates 
and  in  the  region  of  the  perinseum,  from  long 
walking, — Intertri'go  pod'icis,  Proctal'gia  iuter- 
trigino'sa,  —  it  is  vulgarly  designated  by  the 
French  Entrefesson. 

CHAFFBONE,  Jawbone. 
CHAIR,  Flesh. 

CHAIR,  OBSTETRIC,  Labour  chair. 
CHAISE  PER  cEE,l,a.s&nvim. 

CHALASIS,  Relaxation. 

CHALASMUS,  Relaxation. 

CHALAS'TICUS,  from  x''>'<"^>  'I  relax.'    A 


medicine  proper  for  removing  rigidity  of  the 
fibres. — Galen.     An  emollient  or  relaxant. 

CHAL'AZA,  Chala'zion,  Chalazium,  Chalazo'- 
sis,  Poro'sis,  Grando,  Tophus,  Hail,  (F.)  Grile, 
Gravelle,  from  X'^^'^l"'  'hail.'  A  hard,  round, 
transparent  tumour,  developed  in  different  parts 
of  the  body,  more  especially  in  the  substance  of 
the  eyelids.  —  Also,  the  Cicatricula  of  the  egg. 
Generally,  however,  in  the  language  of  ovologists, 
the  chalazm  ov  poles  are,  in  the  egg  of  the  bird, 
the  more  dense  internal  layer  of  the  albumen, 
which  adheres  to  the  yolk,  and  is  continued,  in 
the  form  of  two  spirally  twisted  bands,  towards 
the  extremities  of  the  egg.  The  twisting  is  con- 
sidered to  be  produced  by  the  revolving  motion 
of  the  egg  in  its  descent  through  the  oviduct. 

CHALAZJ5,  see  Chalaza. 

CHALAZONEPHRITIS,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the. 

CHALCANTHUM,  Atramentnm,  Ferri  sulphas 
— c.  Album,  Zinci  sulphas. 

CIIALCEDONIUS,  Cornelian. 

CHALCITAS,  Bismuth. 

CHALCITES,  Colcothar. 

CHALCOIDEUM  (os),  Cuneiform  bone. 

CHALCOS,  Brass,  Cuprum,  Jilreolum. 

CHALCUS,  ^reolum.  ^ 

CHALEUR,  Heat — cAere,  see  Acrid — c.  Ani- 
male,  Animal  heat,  see  Heat. 

CHALEUR S  PES  ANIMAUX,  see  Heat— 
c.  du  Foie,  Heat. 

CHALINL  see  Lip. 

CHAL'INOPLASTY,  Chalinoplas'tice  ;  from 
'X^akivog,  'fraenum,'  'a  bridle,'  and  ■uXaaaui,  'I 
form.'    The  operation  for  forming  a  newfrsenum. 

CHALK,  Creta — c.  Red,  Rubrica  febrilis  —  c. 
Stones,  Calculi,  arthritic. 

CHALL.  Maxillary  bone. 

CHAL  YBE,  Chalybeate. 

CHALYB'EATE,  Chalybea'tus,  Ferrugin'eus, 
Ferrugino'sus,  Ferra'tus,  Martia'lis,  Ferrxi'gi- 
nous,  Mar'tial,  (F.)  Ferrugineux,  Chalybe,  from 
chalybs,  'iron  or  steel.'  Of,  or  belonging  to  iron ; 
containing  iron.  Any  medicine  into  which  iron 
enters,  as  chalybeate  mixture,  pills,  waters,  &c. 
See  Waters,  Mineral. 

CHALYBIS  RUBIGO,  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

CHALYBOKREN^,  Water,  mineral,  (cha, 
lybeate.) 

CHALYBOPEG^,  Water,  mineral,  (chaly- 
beate.) 

CHALYBS,  from  Chalybes  ;  a  people  of  Pon- 
tus,  who  dug  iron  out  of  the  earth ;  A'cies,  Steel. 
The  Proto-carburet  of  iron,  (F.)  Acier.  As  a 
medicine,  steel  does  not  differ  from  iron. 

Chalybs  Tartarizatus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

CHAMA,  Cheme. 

CHAMJ3ACTE,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

CHAMiEBATOS,  Fragaria. 

CHAM^CEDRIS,  Artemisia  santonica. 

CHAM^CISSUS,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

CHAM^CLEMA,  Glechoma  hederacea  —  c. 
Hederacea,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

CHAM^CYPARISSUS,  Artemisia  santonica. 

CHAMiEDROPS,  Teucrium  chamaedrys. 

CHAMiEDEYif'TES.  A  wine,  in  which  the 
Tev'oriuni  Chamcedrys  has  been  infused. 

CHAM^DRYS,  Rubus  chamsemorus,  Teu- 
crium Ch.,  Veronica  —  c.  Incana  maritima,  Teu- 
crium marum — c.  Marum,  Teucrium  marum — e. 
Minor  repens,  Teucrium  Ch. — c.  Palustris,  Teu- 
crium seordium — c.  Soordium,  Teucrium  scordium 
— c.  Vulgaris,  Teucrium  Ch. 

CHAM^GEIRON,  Tussilago. 

CHAMiELEA  GNUS,  Myrica  gale. 

CHAM^LAI'TES.  A  win«  impregnated  with 
Chamelea,  Daphne  Alpi'na. 

CHAM^LEA,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 


CHAMELEON   ALBUM 


192 


CHAELOTTEVILLE 


CHAMELEON  ALBUM,  Carlina  acaulis. 

CHAMiELEUCE,  Tussilago. 

CHAM^LINUM,  Linum  cathartioum. 

CHAMiELIR'IUM  LU'TEUM,  xoM"',  'on  the 
ground,'  and  \upov,  'a  lily/  [?]  Vera'tntm  lu'- 
teuni,  JSelo'nias  lu'tea  seu  Dioi'ea,  Devil's  Bit, 
Blazing  star,  U'nieorn  root ;  indigenous;  Order, 
Melanthacege ;  flowering  in  June;  is  acrid.  An 
infusion  of  the  root  has  been  given  as  an  anthel- 
mintic; a  tincture,  as  a  tonic. 

CHAM^MELUM,  Anthemis  nobilis  — c.  Foe- 
tidum,  Anthemis  cotula  —  c.  Nobile,  Anthemis 
nobilis — c.  Odoratum,  Anthemis  nobilis — c.  Vul- 
gare,  Matricaria  chamomilla. 

CHAM^MORUS,  Teuerium  chamfepitys,  Ru- 
bus  chamsemorus — c.  Norwegica,  Rubus  chamas- 
morus. 

CHAMjEPEUCE,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaca. 

CHAM^PITUI'NUM  VINUM.  A  wine,  in 
which  the  leaves  of  the  Chama'pitys,  Teu'crium 
Ghawa>'pitijs,  have  been  infused. 

CHAM^PITYS,  Teuerium  chamajpitys  —  c. 
Anthyllus,  Teuerium  iva  —  c.  Moschata,  Teu- 
erium iva. 

CHAM^PLION,  Erysimum. 

CHAM^RAPH'ANUM,  from  x<^l"'h  'on  the 
ground,'  and  pa(pavo;,  'the  radish.'  So  Paulus 
of  ^gina  calls  the  upper  part  of  the  root  of  the 
Apiinn. 

CHAMiE'ROPS  SERRAT'ULA,  Saio  Pal- 
metto, from  xajuat,  'on  the  ground,'  and  poi^^y  'a 
shrub.'  A  farina  is  prepared  from  the  roots  of 
this  plant,  which  is  used  by  the  Indians,  in  Flo- 
rida, as  diet. 

CHAMBAR,  Magnesia. 

CHAMBER,  Cam'era,  (F.)  Chamhre.  A  term 
used  in  speaking  of  the  eye,  in  which  there  are 
two  chambers,  Cam'ercB  oc'uli: — an  anterior  and 
B,  piosterior ;  (F.)  Chamhre  anterieure  et  px^^^eri- 
eure.  The  anterior  is  the  space  between  the 
cornea  and  the  anterior  part  of  the  iris:  —  the 
2)osterior,  the  space  between  the  iris  and  anterior 
surface  of  the  crystalline.  They  are  filled  with 
the  aqueous  humour,  and  communicate  by  the 
opening  in  the  pupil. 

CHAM'BERLAIN'S  RESTOR'ATIVE 
PILLS.  This  nostrum,  recommended  in  scro- 
fula, and  all  impurities  of  the  blood,  has  been 
analyzed  by  Dr.  Paris,  and  found  to  consist  of 
cinnabar,  sulphur,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  a  little 
vegetable  matter.     Each  pill  weighs  3  grains. 

OH  AM  BEE,  Chamber. 

CHAMBRIE,  Cannabis  sativa. 

CHAMELEA.  Daphne  Alpina. 

CHAMOMILE,  DOGS',  Matricaria  chamomilla 

—  c.  Dyers',  Anthemis  tinctoria — c.  German, 
Matricaria  chamomilla  —  c.  Spanish,  Anthemis 
pyrethrum  —  c.  Stinking,  Anthemis  cotula  —  c. 
Wild,  Anthemis  cotula,  Matricaria  glabrata. 

CHAMOMILLA   FCETIDA,  Anthemis   cotula 

—  c.  Nostras,  Matricaria  chamomilla  —  c.  Ro- 
mana,  Anthemis  nobilis  —  c.  Spuria,  Anthemis 
cotula. 

CHAMPACA,  Michelia  ehampaca. 
CHABIPIGNON,    Fungus  — c.   de   VAppareil 
des  Fractures,  Clavaria — c.  de  Couche,  see  Agaric 

—  c.  du  Ferment,  Torula  cerevisiae  —  c.  de  Malte, 
Cynomorion  coccineum  —  c.  du  iluguet,  Aphtha- 
phyte. 

CHAMPOOING,  Shampooing. 

CHANCEBOXE,  Ischion. 

CHANCELAGUA,  Canchalagua. 

CHANCRE  (F.),  Shanker,  Ulcus  seu  Uleus'cu- 
lum  canero'sum.  A  sore,  which  arises  from  the 
direct  application  of  the  venereal  virus:  hence  it 
is  almost  always  seated,  in  men,  on  the  penis. 
The  French  use  the  word  Chancre,  in  popular 
language,  for  cancerous  ulcers,  the  malignant 
aphthae  of  children,    <tc.     Formerly,  the  terms 


Car'oli  and  Ca'rres  jnulendo'rinn  were  used  for 
venereal  pustules  or  sores  on  the  parts  of  gene- 
ration. ^ 

CHANCRE  LARVE.  A  concealed  chancre, 
such  as  has  been  supposed  by  M.  Ricord  to  give 
occasion  to  gonorrhoea  virulenta. 

CHANCREUX,  Chancreuse  (F.),  Canero'suB, 
Carcino' des.  Having  the  nature  of  chancre,  or 
of  cancer. 

Bouton  Chancreiix.  A  small  tumour  of  a  can- 
cerous nature,  which  makes  its  appearance  on 
the  face — most  frequently  on  the  upper  lip — Noli 
me  tangere  [?]. 

CHANDOO.  An  aqueous  extract  of  opium 
used  by  the  Chinese  for  smoking. 

CHANGE  OF  LIFE,  see  Menses. 

CHANNELBONE,  Clavicle. 

CHANT  DES  ARTE  RES,  Sifflement  module. 

CHANVRE,  Cannabis  sativa  —  c.  Bdtard, 
Galeopsis  grandiflora — c.  Indien,  Bangue. 

CHAOMANTI'A.  The  alchymists  meant,  by 
this  word,  the  art  of  predicting  the  future  from 
observation  of  the  air.  The  word  Chaos  was 
used  by  Paracelsus  for  the  air:  (jxavrua,  'divi- 
nation.') 

CHAOSDA,  Plague. 

CHAPERON  DE  MOINE,  Aconitum  napel- 
lus. 

CHAPETONNA  DE,  Chap,petonnade. 

CHAPITEAU,  Alembic. 

CHAPPEDONADE,  Chappetonade.      ■ 

CHAPPETONADE,  Chappedonade,^  Chape- 
tonnade  (F.),  Vom'itus  rabio'sus.  Vomiting,  ac- 
companied by  furious  delirium,  attacking  stran- 
gers in  hot  countries. 

CHAPS,  Rhagades. 

CHAR'ACTER,  ■)(_apaKTr]p,  'a  mark  or  impres- 
sion.' (F.)  Caract^re.  In  Pathology  it  is  used 
synonymously  with  stamp  or  appearance.  We 
say,  "A  disease  is  of  an  unfavourable  character," 
"The  prevailing  epidemic  has  a  bilious  charac- 
ter," &c.  In  Mental  Philosophy  it  means  —  that 
which  distinguishes  one  individual  from  another, 
as  regards  his  understanding  and  passions.  See 
Symbol. 

CHARA'DRIUS.  ^lian  thus  calls  a  bird, 
which  was  reputed  to  cure  jaundice.  The  word 
now  means  the  plover. 

CHARANTIA,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CHARBON,  Anthrax  oarbo,  Carbo  ligni  —  c. 
Animal,  Carbo  animalis  —  c.  Mineral,  Graphites 
—  c.  Pulmonaire,  Anthracosis. 

CEARBONNEUX,  Anthracoid. 

CHARCOAL,  Carbo  —  c.  Animal,  Carbo  ani- 
malis. 

CHARDON  AUX  ANES,  Onopordium  acan- 
thium — c.  Benit,  Centaurea  benedieta — c.  d  Bon- 
netier,  Dipsaeus  fullonum  —  c.  Etoile,  Centaurea 
calcitrapa  —  c.  d  Foulon,  Dipsaeus  fullonum  —  c. 
Hemorrhoidal,  Cirsium  arvense  —  e.  Marie,  Car- 
duus  Marianus — c.  Roland,  Eryngium  campestre. 

CHAR'LATAN,  from  Ital.  ciarlare,  'to  talk 
much  ;'  Circtda'tor,  Gircum/ora'neus,  Periodeu'tea, 
Pseudorned'icus,  Agyr'ta,  Anncyc'leon,  a  Quack, 
Quacksalber,  Empirical  Pretender,  Emp'iric. 
Originally,  one  who  went  from  place  to  place  to 
sell  a  medicine,  to  which  he  attributed  marvellous 
properties.  By  extension  —  any  individual,  who 
endeavours  to  deceive  the  public  by  passing  him- 
self off  as  more  skilful  than  he  really  is.  Ac- 
cording to  Menage,  the  word  comes  from  circu- 
latanus,  a  corruption  oi  circidator. 

CHAR'LATANRY,  Agxjr'tia,  Banau'sia,  the 
conduct  or  action  of  a  charlatan.  (F.)  Charla- 
tanerie,  Charlatanisme,  Quackery,  Emj>iricism. 

CHARLOCK.  Sinapis  arvensis. 

CHARLOTTEVILLE  SULPHUR  SPRING, 
see  Canada,  Mineral  Waters  of. 


CHAKM 


193 


CHAULE 


CHARM,  Lat  Carmen,  '  a  verse,'  because 
charms  often  consisted  of  verses,  whence  comes 
the  Italian,  Ciarma,  (F.)  Charnie,  with  the  same 
signification;  Canta'tio,  Tncantamen'tum.  A  trick, 
a  spell,  an  enchantment.  A  sort  of  magic,  or 
superstitious  practice,  consisting  of  words,  charac- 
ters, &c.,  by  which,  it  was  believed,  individuals 
might  be  struck  with  sickness  or  death,  or  be 
restored  to  health. 

The  following  are  specimens  of  old  charms — 
verse  charms : 

For  stanching  Blood,  (Pepys.) 

Sanguis  mane  in  te 

Sicut  Christus  fuit  in  se ; 

Sanguis  mane  in  tua  vena 

Sicut  Christus  in  sua  poena; 

Sanguis  mane  fixus, 

Sicut  Christus  quando  fuit  crucifixus. 

For  Cramp,  (Pepys.) 

Cramp  be  thou  faintless. 
As  our  iady  was  sinless. 
When  she  bare  Jesus. 

For  the  Foot  when  asleep,  (Coleridge.) 

Foot!  footl  foot!  is  fast  asleep ! 

Thumb!  thumb!  thumb!  in  spittle  we  steep ; 

Crosses  three  we  make  to  ease  us, 

Two  for  the  thieves,  and  one  for  Christ  Jesus. 

The  same  charm  served  for  cramp  in  the  leg, 
with  this  substitution  : 

The  devil  is  tying  a  knot  in  my  leg! 
Mark,  Luke,  and  John,  unloose  it,  I  begl — 
Crosses  three,  &c. 

For  a  Burn,  (Pepys.) 

There  came  thres  angels  out  of  the  East; 
The  one  brought  fire,  the  other  brought  Irost. 
Out  fire ;  in  frost. 

In  the  name  of  the  Father  and  Son  and  Holy  Ghost. 

Amen. 

CHARNIERE,  Ginglymus. 

CHARNU,  Carneous. 

CHARPENTE  OSSEUSE,  Skeleton. 

CHARPIE,  Linteum  —  c.  Brute,  see  Linteum 
— c.  Rapee,  see  Linteum. 

CHARTA  ANT.IARTHRITICA,  Gout  paper 
— c.  Antirheumatica,  Gout  paper — c.  Vesicatoria, 
see  Sparadrapum  Vesicatorium  —  c.  Virginea, 
Amnios. 

GHARTRE,  Tabes  mesenterica. 

GHAS  (F.),  Acus  fora'men.  The  eye  of  a  nee- 
dle. Sometimes,  this  opening  is  near  the  point 
of  the  instrument,  as  in  the  ligature  needle. 

CHASCHISCH,  see  Bangue. 

CHASME,  Yawning. 

CHASPE,  Variola. 

GHASSE  (F.),  Manu'hrium.  A  kind  of  handle 
composed  of  two  movable  laminae  of  horn,  shell, 
or  ivory,  united  only  at  the  extremity,  which 
holds  the  blade  of  the  instrument,  —  as  in  the 
common  bleeding  lancet.  Also,  a  liqueur  or  alco- 
holic liquor,  taken  after  a  meal ;  hence  chaase- 
cqfe,  chasae-tout,  &c.,  from  (F.)  chasser,  'to  drive,' 
because  presumed  to  aid  digestion. 

GHASSIE  (F.),  Lema,  Lipim,  Glama,  Gleme, 
Gra'mia,  Lemos'itas,  Sebum  palpebra'le  ;  the  gum, 
'  of  the  eye,  (Prov.)  Gound  or  Goicnde,  from  chas- 
ser, '  to  drive  out.'  A  sebaceous  humour,  se- 
creted mainly  by  the  follicles  of  Meibomius, 
which  sometimes  glues  the  eyelids  together. 

CHASSIEUX  (F.),  Llpims;  covered  with 
Ghasaie — as  Pavpieres  chasaieuses, 

CHASTE  TREE,  Vitex. 

GHATAIGNE,  see  Fagus  castanea — c.  d'Eau, 
Trapa  natans. 

CHATAIGNIER  COMMUN,  Fagus  castanea 
^c.  Nain,  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 
13 


CHATEAU-LANDON,  WATERS  OF.  A 
town  three  leagues  from  Nemours,  in  France, 
The  waters  contain  alum  and  iron. 

CHATEAU-SALINS,  WATERS  OF;  a  town 
in  the  department  of  La-Meurthe,  France.  The 
waters  contain  carbonate  of  lime,  sulphates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  and  chlorides  of  magnesium 
and  sodium. 

CHATELDON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Chateldon  is  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-Dome, 
France.  The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid  and 
iron. 

CHATEL-GUYON,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  village  in  France,  in  the  department 
Puy-de-Dome,  near  which  there  are  five  thermal 
acidulous  springs.    Temperature,  86°  Fahrenheit. 

GHATON  (F.),  'a  husk.'  In  pathology,  it 
means  a,  funda  or  cavity  formed  by  the  irregular 
or  hour-glaas  contraction  of  the  uterus,  in  which 
the  placenta  is  often  retained  or  enchatonne  after 
the  birth  of  the  child.  It  is  detected  by  passing 
the  fingers  along  the  cord  as  far  as  the  part  which 
is  contracted,  when  the  placenta  will  not  be  dis- 
coverable. 

The  treatment  consists  in  relaxing  by  a  large 
dose  of  an  opiate,  then  passing  the  fingers  along 
the  cord,  and  gradually  dilating  the  opening 
through  which  it  passes,  until  it  permits  the  hand 
to  go  through.  The  placenta  must  then  be 
grasped  and  gently  withdrawn, 

GHATON,  Vaginal  process, 

GHATONNE,  Incarcera'tm,  from  chaton.  An 
epithet  in  French  for  anything  shut  up  in  a  sac, 
or  imprisoned  in  any  manner — as 

GHATONNE,  GALCUL  (F.),  Gal'culus  incar- 
cera'tiis,  Encys'ted  Gal'culus,  Galcul  enkyate.  A 
urinary  calculus,  adherent  to  the  inner  surface 
of  the  bladder,  so  that  it  is  immovable,  and  can- 
not pass  to  the  different  parts  of  that  organ. 
This  happens  when  calculi  form  in  some  natural 
or  accidental  cavity  of  the  bladder;  or  when  the 
organ,  by  ulceration,  gives  rise  to  fungi,  which 
surround  the  calculus;  or  when  it  is  lodged  in 
the  orifice  of  the  ureter  or  urethra. 

GHATONNE,  PLACENTA  (¥.).  The  pla- 
centa when  retained  as  above  described.  See 
Chaton. 

GHATONNEMENT  (F.),  Enchatonnement, 
Incarcera'tio,  Chalonnement  du  placenta,  Enkys- 
tement.  —  Hour-glass  contraction  of  the  uterus. 
See  Chatnn. 

CHAT0UILLE3IENT  {¥.).  This  word  some- 
times means  the  action  of  tickling  or  titillation 
(Titilla'tio,)  and,  at  others,  the  sensation  which 
give.s  rise  to  the  action  [Pruri'tus,)  Itching. 

GHATRE,  Castratus. 

GHATRURE,  Castration. 

CHAUDEAU,  Caudle. 

CHAUDEBOURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
C.  is  three  quarters  of  a  league  from  Thionville, 
in  France.  The  waters  contain  iron,  sulphate 
of  lime,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of 
lime. 

GHA  UDEPISSE,  Gonorrhoea  impura— c.  Cor- 
dee,  Gonorrhoea  cordata  —  c.  Tombee  dans  les 
Bourses,  Hernia  humoralis. 

CHAUDES-AIGUES,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  small  town  in  the  department  of  Cantal, 
France,  where  there  is  a  number  of  saline  springs 
containing  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  soda,  and 
chloride  of  sodium.     Temp.  190°  Fahrenheit. 

GHA  UDIERE,  see  Alembic. 

GHAUFFOIR  (F.),  Linteum  Galefacto'rium. 
According  to  the  Academie,  a  warmed  cloth,  used 
either  for  the  purpose  of  warming  a  patient,  or 
to  apply  to  a  female  recently  delivered. 

CHAULE,  Maxillary  bone. 


CHAULMOOGRA 


194 


CHELONOPHAGI 


CHAULMOOGRA.  The  fruit  of  the  Chaul- 
moogra,  Gynocar'dia  odora'ta.  Order,  Cappa- 
rideae,  of  India.  A  bland  fixed  oil  is  obtained  by 
expressing  the  dried  seed,  which  is  used  by  the 
natives  in  leprosy.  The  seed  are  given  inter- 
nally, in  the  dose  of  about  ^ss  in  the  day,  and 
the  eruption  is  rubbed  with  the  oil. 

CHA  USSE  (F.),  Ghausse  d'Rippocrate,  Manche 
d'Hippoerate,  Man'ica  Hi'jjpoc'ratis,  llcin'ica, 
Hippocrates'  Sleeve.  A  conical  bag,  made  of 
flannel,  for  straining  liquids. 

CHAUSSE-TRAPPE,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 
CHAUVETE,  Calvities. 

CHA  UX,  Calx— e.  Bichlonire  de.  Calcis  chlo- 
ridum — c.  Ghlorure  de,  Calcis  chloridum — c.  Hy- 
drochlorate  de,  Calcis  murias  —  c.  Hydrosidfate 
de,  Calcis  sulphuretum  —  c.  Ifuriate  de,  Calcis 
murias — c.  Muriate  oxigene  de,  Calcis  chloridum 
—  c.  Muriate  suroxigene  de,  Calcis  chloridum  — 
c.  Oxichlorure  de,  Calcis  chloridum — c.  Oximu- 
riate  de,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Phosphate  rfc,  see 
Cornu  cervi — c.  Vive,  Calx  viva, 
CHAVEL,  Maxillary  bone. 
CHAVICA  BETLE,  Bet«l— e.  Roxburghii, 
Piper  longum. 

CHAWBONE,  Maxillary  bone. 
CHAWD  FYS,  Gonorrhoea  impura. 
CHAWING,  Mastication. 
CHECKER-BERRY,  Ar  utus  uva  ursi. 
CHEEK,  Gena— c.  Teeth,  Molar  teeth 
CHEESE,  Sax.  cere,  (L.)  Ca'seus,  Tyros,  Pecle, 
(Sc.)  Furmage,  (F.)  Fromage.     An   aliment,  pre- 
pared from  the  caseous  and  oleaginous  parts  of 
milk.     Fresh    cheeses    owe   their   chief  medical 
properties  to  the  immediate  principle,  essentially 
cheesy,  to  which  the  name  ea'seum  or  ca'sein  has 
been  applied.     Those,  which  have  been  recently  i 
salted,   are  digested  with    comparative   facility. 
The  flavour  of  cheese  is  owing  to  an  ammoniaeal 
caseate.     On  the  whole,  cheese  itself  is  not  easy 
of  digestion,  although  it  may  stimulate  the  sto- 
mach  to  greater  exertion,  and  thus  aid  in  the 
digestion  of  other  substances. 

CHEESE  RENNET,  Galium  venim. 
CHEE'SY,  Gasea'rius,  Gawo'sm,  Tyro'des,  (F.) 
Casetix  ou  Gaseeux.  Having  the  nature  of  cheese. 
CHEF,  Bandage  (taU). 
CHEGOE,  Chiqiie. 
GHEGRE,  Chique. 

CHEILI'TIS,  Chili' tis,  from  x^tAos,  'a  lip.' 
Inflammation  of  the  lip.     See  Chilon. 

CHEILOC'ACE,  from  x^^"^'  '^  lip,' and  (carof, 
'evil.'  Labrisul'cium.  A  disease,  characterized, 
it  is  said,  by  swelling,  induration,  and  slight  red- 
ness of  the  lips  without  inflammation  ,•  reputed, 
but  without  any  authority,  to  be  common  in 
England  and  Scotland,  amongst  children.  Also, 
the  thickness  of  the  upper  lip  of  scrofulous  chil- 
dren.    See  Stomacace,  and  Cancer  aquaticus. 

CHEILOCARCINO'MA,  from  x"^<k^  '^  I'P/ 
and  KapKivdiiia,  'a  cancer.'     Cancer  of  the  lip. 

CHEILOMALACI-A,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Sto- 
macace. 

CHEILON,  Chilon. 

CHEILON'CUS,    Cheilophy'ma,    from    x^^^o^> 
*  lip,' and  oyKoj,  'swelling.'    A  swelling  of  the  lip. 
CHEILOPHYMA,  Cheiloneus. 
CHEILOPLAS'TICE,    Chiloplas'txce,   Chei'lo- 
plasty,  from  v£iAof,  'lip,'  and  TrXaorncoj,   'form- 
ing.'    The  operation  for  an  artificial  lip. 
CHEILOS,  Lip. 
CHEIMA,  Cold. 
CHEIMETLON,  Chilblain. 
CHEIMIA,  Rigor. 
CHEIR,  Mamis,  see  Chir. 
CHBIRAN'THUS   CHEIRI,  from  ^"P,  'the 
hand,'  and  avdos,  'flower,'  a  flower  for  the  hand. 


The  systematic  name  of  the  Common  Yellow  Wull 
Flower,  Vi'ola  lu'tea,  Leuco'ian'  lu'teiim,  Keyri, 
Cheiri,  (F.)  Geroflee,  Girojlee  ou  Violier  j'nune. 
Ord.  Cruciferse.  The  flowers  have  been  esteemed 
nervine,  narcotic,  and  deobstruent. 

CHEIRAP'SIA.  The  action  of  rubbing  or 
scratching,  from  x^'P>  'the  hand,'  and  a-rui,  '1 
touch.'     A  troublesome  symptom  in  the  itch. 

CHEIRARTHROC'ACE,  from  ;t"P.' the  hand,' 
apdpov,  'a  joint,'  and  KaKia,  a  '  disease.'     Inflam- 
mation of  the  articular  surfaces  of  the  wrist. 
CHEIRIATER,  Surgeon. 

GHEIRIS'MA,  Cheiris'mu^.    The  act  of  touch- 
ing : — handling.     Any  manual  operation. 
CHEIRIXIS,  Surgery. 

CHEIRONOM'IA,  Chironom'ia,  from  x^'Q"- 
vofietj).  'I  exercise  with  the  hands.'  An  exercise, 
referred  to  by  Hippocrates,  which  consisted  in 
using  the  hands,  as  in  our  exercise  of  the  dumb- 
bells. 

CHEIROPLETHES,  Fasciculus. 
CHEIROSIS,  Subactio. 

CHELA,  Chele.     This  word  has  several  signi- 
fications.    Chela,  a  forked  probe  used  for  extract- 
ing polypi  from   the  nose.      Chela  —  chaps,   or 
cracks    on    the    feet,  organs  of  generation,  <fec. 
GheleB  likewise  means  claw?,  especially  those  of 
the  crab.     See  Cancrorum  Chelae. 
Chel^  Palpebrarum,  see  Tarsus. 
CHELAPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
CHELE,  Chela. 

CHELIDOINE  GRANDE,  Chelidonium  ma- 
jus — -c.  Petite,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDON,  ;;^;£A<iuv,  the  hollow  at  the  bend 
of  the  arm  ;   Hirundo. 

CHELIDONIA  ROTUNDIFOLIA  MINOR, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDONIUM,  Bryonia  alba— c.Diphyllum, 
Stylophorum  diphyllum  —  c.  Hsematodes,  Ch. 
majus. 

Chelido'nium   Majus,    Ch.   hmmato'des,    from 
X^^tiiijv,  '  a  swallow,'  because  its  flowering  coin- 
cides with  the  appearance  of  the  swallow.     Pa- 
pa'rer   Cornicula'tum  seu  lu'teum,    Common  CeV- 
andine,      Tefterwort,     (F.)      Ghelidoine     grande, 
L'Eclairg,    Herhe  &  l'hiroii<lelle.      Ord.  Papave- 
raceje.     Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Monogynia.     The 
root  and  recent  plant  have  been  considered  ape- 
rient and  diuretic.      Externally,   the  juice  has 
been  employed  in  some  cutaneous  diseases. 
Chelidonium  Minus,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 
CHELIDO'NIUS  LAPIS.     A  name  given  to 
stones,  which,  it  was  pretended,  existed  in  the 
stomach  of  young  swallows.    They  were  formerly 
believed  capable  of  curing  epilepsy. 
CHELOID,  Cancroid. 
CHELOIS,  see  Cancroid. 
CHELO'NE,  ^cXtajft;,  '  a  tortoise.'    An  instru- 
ment for  extending  a  limb  :  so  called,  because  in 
its  slow  motions  it  resembled  a  tortoise. — Oriba- 
sius.     See  Testudo. 

Chelo'ne  Glabra,  Common  SnaJce  head,  Tur- 
tle head.  Turtle  bloom,  Shellfloioer,  Balmony.  An 
indigenous  plant,  Sex.  SyH.  Didynamia  Angio- 
spermia;  blossoming  from  July  to  November. 
The  leaves  are  bitter  and  tonic  ;  without  any  aro- 
matic smell,  and  with  very  little  astringency. 

CHELO'NIA  MYDAS,  The  Green  Turtle. 
This  species  of  turtle  abounds  on  the  coast  of 
Florida.     It  is  the  one  so  prized  by  the  epicure. 

CHELO'NION,  Chelo'niitm,  from  ^f^uvt?,  'a 
tortoise,'  from  its  resembling  in  shape  the  shell 
of  that  animal.  The  upper,  gibbous  part  of  the 
back. — Gorrseus.     The  scapula. 

CHELONOPH'AGI,  from  x^Xuv.;,  'the  tor- 
toise, and  (fiayu),  'I  eat.'  An  ancient  name  fof 
certain  tribes,  who  dwelt  on  the  coast  of  the  Red 


CHELSEA   PENSIONER 


195 


CHEST-MEASURER 


Sea,  and  who  lived  only  on  tortoises.  —  Pliny, 
Diodorus  of  Sicily. 

CHEL'SBA  PEN'SrONER.  An  empirical  re- 
medy for  rheumatism  and  gout,  sold  under  this 
name.  (Gum  gnaiac,  ^j  ;  powdered  rhabnrb,  ^ij  ; 
cream  of  tartar,  ^j  ;  Jiowem  of  sulphur,  ^j  ;  one 
nutmeg,  finely  powdered;  made  into  an  electuary 
with  a  pound  of  clarified  honey).  Dose,  two 
spoonfuls. 

CHEL'TENHAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
C.  is  a  town  in  Gloucestershire,  England,  nine 
miles  from  Gloucester,  and  94-  W.  of  London. 
Its  water  is  one  of  the  most  celebrated  natural 
purgatives  in  England.  It  is  a  saline,  acidulous 
chalybeate,  and  is  much  frequented.  Its  main 
constituents  are  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of 
soda,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  carbonic  acid  and 
carbonate  of  iron. 

Cheltenham  Salts.  These  are  sometimes 
made  from  the  waters;  at  others,  factitiously. 
The  following  is  a  formula  :  Sudii  chlorid.,  mag- 
nes.  sulphat.,  sodoB  sulph.,  aa  tbj  :  dissolve,  filter, 
evaporate  to  dryness;  then  a,dd  Ferri  sulph.,  ^ss. 

Cheltenham  Water,  Artificial,  may  be 
made  of  Epsom  salts,  gr.  xij  ;  iroa  filings,  gr.  j  ; 
Glauber's  salt,  ^iv ;  water,  4  gallons;  impreg- 
nated with  the  gas  from  marble  powder  and  «m^- 
phiiric  acid,  aa  5ij. 

CHELYS,  Thorax. 

CHELYS'CION,  from  ^tfXuj.  'the  chest.'  A 
short,  dry  cough. — Galen,  Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

CHEME,  Ckama,  Che'ramis.  An  ancient  mea- 
sure equivalent  to  about  two  teaspoonfuls. 

CHEMEUTICE,  Chymistry. 

CHEMIA,  Chymistry. 

CHEMIATER,  Chymiater. 

CHEMIATRIA,  Chymiatria. 

CHEMICO-HISTOLOGY,  see  Chymico-his- 
tology. 

CHEMICUS,  Chymical,  Chymist. 

CHEMISMUS,  Chymism. 

CHEMIST,  Chymist. 

CHEMISTRY,  Chymistry. 

CHEMO'SIS,  Chymo'sis,  from  X'^M'  '■'■'*  aper- 
ture,' or  rather,  perhaps  from  %«/i05,  'an  humour.' 
A  name  given  to  ophthalmia,  when  the  conjunc- 
tiva, surrounding  the  cornea,  forms  a  high  ring, 
making  the  cornea  seem,  as  it  were,  at  the  bot- 
tom of  a  well.  By  some,  it  is  used  synonj'mously 
with  ophthalmia  mevibranarum.  See  Ophthal- 
mia. 

CHEMOTICE,  Chymistry. 

CHEMOTICUS,  Chymical. 

CHENAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Che- 
nay  is  a  town  in  France,  two  leagues  from  Rheims. 
The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

CHENE,  Quereus  alba — c.  Marin,  Fucus  vesi- 
eulosus — c.  Petit,  Teucrium  cham«drys — c.  Vert, 
Ilex  aquifotium. 

CHENE TTE,  Teucrium  cham^drys. 

CHENE  VIS,  see  Cannabis  sativa. 

CHENOBOSCON,  Potentilla  anserina. 

CHENOC'OPRUS,  from  xi",  'a.  goose,'  and 
Ka-jTQOi,  '  dung.'  The  dung  of  the  goose  is  so  de- 
signated in  some  old  Pharmacopoeias.  It  was 
formerly  employed  as  a  febrifuge  and  diuretic. 

CHENOPODE,  Chenopodium. 

CHENOPODIUM  AMBROSIACUM,  Ch.  am- 
brosioidcs. 

Chenopo'dium  Amerosioi'des,  Oh.  suffructico'- 
snm  seu  ambrosiacum  seu  Mexica'num,  from  xt^y 
'a  goose,'  and  Trouy,  roioj,  'a  foot;'  At'riplex 
Mexica'na,  Ambri'na  ambrosio'i'des,  Botrys,  B, 
Mexiea'na  seu  America'na,  Ambrosiotdes  Mexi- 
ea'na,  Artemis'ia  Botrys,  Mexico  or  Spanish  Tea, 
(F.)  Anserine,  Tk&  die  Mexique,  Ambrosie  ou  Am- 
broisie  du  Mexique.  Ord.  Chenopodiaeeae.  The 
infusion  was  once  drunk  as  tea.     It  has  been  I 


given  in  paralytic  cases  ;  and  in  the  United  States 
is  said  to  be  used  as  an  anthelmintic  indiscrimi- 
nately with  Ch.  anthelminticum. 

Chenopo'dium  Anthelmin'ticum,  Chenopo'- 
dium, Botrys  seu  Ambri'na  anthelmin'tica.  Worm- 
seed,  Woniigoosefoot,  Wormseed  goosefoot,  Jeru- 
salem Oak  of  America,  Goosefoot,  Stinlcweed,  (F.) 
Anserine  anthelmintique,  A.  vermifuge.  This 
plant  grows  plentifully  in  the  United  States. 
The  fruit — Chenopodium,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  much 
used  in  cases  of  worms.  Dose  of  the  powder, 
from  a  teaspoonful  to  a  tablespoonful  or  more. 
The  oil,  O'leum  Chenopo'dii,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  from 
8  to  10  drops,  is  more  frequently  exhibited.  It 
is  as  much  used  in  America  as  the  Semen  San- 
ton'ici  is  in  England. 

Chenopo'dium  Bonus  Henri'cds,  Chrysolach'- 
anttm,  Mercuria'lis,  Bonus  Henri'cus,  Tota  bona. 
Lap' athum  unctno'sum,  Chenopo'dium,  Ch.  sagit- 
ta'ium.  Pes  anseri'nus,  English  Mercury,  Allyood, 
Angular-leaved  goosefoot,  Mercury  goosefoot,  Good 
King  Henry,  (F.)  Anserine  Bon  Henri,  ^pinard 
sauvage.  The  leaves  are  emollient,  and  have 
been  applied  to  ulcers,  <tc.  It  has  also  been  con- 
sidered refrigerant  and  eccoprotic. 

Chenopo'dium  Botrys,  Ambri'na  Botrys,  Bo- 
trys, B.  vulga'ris,  Ambro'sia,  Artemis'ia  Chenij- 
po'diam,  At'riplex  odora'ta  seu  suav'eolena ; 
Jerusalem  Oak,  (Eng.),  (F.)  Anserine  Botrys,  pos- 
sesses anthelmintic  properties,  and  was  once 
given  in  diseases  of  the  chest,  palsy,  <fcc.  It  is 
useless. 

Chenopo'dium  Fcetidum,  Chenopodium  vulva- 
ria — c.  Olidum,  Ch.  vulvaria. 

Chenopo'dium  QuiNOA,  Quinua.  A  nutritious, 
wholesome,  and  agreeable  article  of  food  with  the 
Peruvians.  The  leaves,  before  the  plant  attains 
maturity,  are  eaten  as  spinach :  but  the  seeds  are 
most  generally  used  as  food,  boiled  in  milk  or 
broth,  and  sometimes  cooked  with  cheese  and 
Spanish  pepper. 

Chenopodium  Sagittatum,  Ch.  Bonus  Henri- 
cus — c.  Suffructicosum,  Ch.  ambrosioides. 

Chenopodium  Vulva'kia  seu  foe'tidum  seu 
ol'idum,  At'riplex  foe'tida  seu  ol'ida.  Vulva' rin, 
Garoa'mum,  liaphex.  Stinking  Orache  or  Goose- 
foot,  (F.)  Vulvaire,  Arrocke  puant,  Anserine  f€- 
tide.  The  fetid  smell  has  occasioned  it  to  be 
used  as  an  antispasmodic  and  nervine. 

CHEOPINA,  Cheopine. 

CHEQUERBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

CHBRAMIS,  Cheme. 

CHERBACHEM,  Veratrum  album. 

ClIERBAS,  Lettuce. 

CHERMES,  Kermes  —  c.  Mineral,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  prscipitatum,  and  A.  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

CHERNIBIUM,  Urinal. 

CHERRY,  BIRD,  Prunus  padus  —  c.  Choke, 
Prunus  Virginiana — c.  Ground,  Physalis  viscosa. 

Cherry  Tree,  Red,  Prunus  cerasus — c.  Tree, 
black,  Prunus  avium — c.  Tree,  wild,  Prunus  Vir- 
giniana— e.  Water,  Kirschwasser. 

Cherry,  Wild  Cluster,  Prunus  padus  —  c. 
Winter,  Physalis. 

CHERS.^,  Faces. 

CHER  VI,  Slum  sisarum. 

CHERVIL,  Scandix  cerefolium— c.  Wild,  Chae- 
rophyllum  sylvestre. 

CHESIS,  from  ;^£^e(>',  'to  go  to  stool.'  A  more 
frequent  desire  to  evacuate  the  bowels. 

CHEST,  Thorax  —  c.  Explorator,  see  Explo- 
rator,  chest. 

CHEST-MEASURER,  SIBSON'S.  An  in- 
strument, described  by  Dr.  Sibson,  which  is  used 
for  determining  the  mobility  of  the  chest.  It  is  a 
species  of  spring,  which,  when  applied  to  the 
parietes  of  the  chest,  measures  the  modifications 
of  its  diameters,  and  indicates,  by  the  motion  of 


CHEST,    NARROW. 


196 


CHINCHUNCHULLI 


the  index  hand  on  a  dial,  any  movement  of  re- 
spiration, to  the  hundredth  of  an  inch. 

CHEST,  NARROW,  see  Lordosis. 

CHESTNUT  TREE,  Fagus  castanea. 

OHEVAUCHEMENT  (¥.),  Oa'sium  snperpo- 
sWio  seu  equita'tio,  Pnral/ajc'is,  Parallag'ma. 
From  chevaucher,  (eheval,  'a  horse'),  'to  ride  on 
horseback.'  The  riding  of  one  bone  over  another 
after  fracture,  giving  rise  to  shortening  of  the 
limb.     See  Riding  of  Bones. 

CHEVELURE,  Scalp. 

CHEVESTRE,  Chevetre,  Capis'trum,  (from 
eixput,  'the  head.')  A  bandage,  applied  round 
the  head  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxation  of  the 
lower  jaw.  According  to  the  mode  in  which  it  is 
made,  it  is  called  simple,  double,  oblique,  &o. 

CHEVEU,  Capillus. 

CHEVILLE  DU  PIED,  Malleolus. 

CHEVREFEUILLE,  Lonicera  periclyme- 
num. 

CHEVROTAIN PORTE-MUSC,  see  Musk. 

CHEVROTANTE  ( VOIX),  Egophony. 

CHEWING.  Mastication. 

CHEYLETUS  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 

CHEZANAN'CE,  from  x''^'^'  'I  go  to  stool.' 
and  avayk-»?,  'necessitj'.'  An  ointment  composed 
of  honey  and  alum,  and  rubbed  on  the  anus  to 
occasion  evacuations. — Paulus  of  iEgina. 

CHIA,  Chia  terra,  from  Chios,  an  island  where 
it  was  found.  A  kind  of  white  earth,  formerly 
used  for  burns. —  Galen. 

CHI'ACUM  COLLYR'IUM.  A  eollyrium  con- 
sisting of  several  drugs  and  Chian  wine. — Paulus 
of  ^gina. 

CHIADUS,  Furunculus. 

CHIAS'MUS,  Ckias'ma,  Chiasm,  from  x^"^'^' 
to  form  like  the  letter  x-  The  crucial  union  of 
parts, — as  the  optic  commissure  or  chiasm,  of  the 
optic  nerve, — Chias'nncs  seu  Ckias'ma  nervo'rum 
optico'rum. 

CHIASTER,  Kiaster. 

CHIAS'TOS.  Same  etymon.  A  bandage,  so 
called  because  it  resembles  the  letter  x- — -Ori- 
basius. 

CHIBOU,  see  Bursera  guramifera. 

CHICHA.  A  drink  made  in  Peru  with  Indian 
meal  dried  in  the  sun,  and  fermented  with  water. 
Its  taste  is  that  of  bad  eider.  It  is  also  made 
from  rice,  peas,  barley,  &c. 

CHICK'S  SPRINGS,  see  South  Carolina, 
mineral  waters  of. 

CHICKEN-BREASTED,  see  Lordosis. 

CHICKEN-BROTH.  When  chicken-tea  is 
boiled  down  one-half,  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
parsley  or  celery,  and  the  yolk  of  an  egg  previ- 
ously beaten  up  in  two  ounces  of  soft  water,  it 
forms  a  soup  much  relished  by  the  convalescent. 

CHICKEN-PEPPER,  Ranunculus  abortivus. 

CHICKENPOX,  Varicella. 

CHICKEN-TEA,  Chicken-teater.  This  maybe 
]irepared  as  follows  :  Take  a  small  chicken,  freed 
from  the  skin  and  fat  between  the  muscles  ;  and 
having  divided  it  longitudinally,  remove  the 
lungs,  liver,  and  every  thing  adhering  to  the 
back  and  side-bones:  cut  the  whole — -bones  and 
muscles  —  into  very  thin  slices;  put  into  a  pan 
with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  boiling  water;  cover 
the  pan;  and  simmer  with  a  slow  fire  for  two 
hours.  Put  the  pan  upon  the  stove  for  half  an 
hour,  and  strain  through  a  sieve. 

Used  where  the  lightest  animal  dietis  indicated. 

CHICKEN-WATER,  Chicken-tea. 

CHICKENWORT,  Alsine  media. 

CHICKWEED,  Alsine  media— c.  Water,  Cal- 
Htriche  verna. 

CHICOREE  DES  JARDINS,  Cichorium  en- 
divia — c.  Snuvage,  Cichorium  intybus. 

CHICORY,  Cichorium  intybus. 


CHICOT,  Stump  (of  a  tooth). 

CHICOTIN  (F.).  The  bitter  powder  or  juice 
of  the  colocynth,  with  which  the  nurse,  at  times, 
rubs  her  nipple  when  desirous  of  weaning  an 
infant. 

CHIENDENT,  Triticum  repens  —  c.  Rouge, 
Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

CHIGGO,  Chique. 

CHJGGRE,  Chique. 

CHIGOE,  Chique. 

CHILBLADDER,  Chilblain. 

CHIL'BLAIN,  (Prov.)  ChilUadder,  Per'nin, 
Bugan'tia,  Erythe' ma  Per'nio  seu  d  Fri'gore, 
Cheimet'lon,  Chimet'htm,  Chimou,  Malce,  from 
chill,  'cold,'  and  Main,  'a  pustule.'  (F.)  Enge- 
lure.  An  erythematous  inflammation  of  the  feet, 
hands,  <tc.,  occasioned  by  cold.  It  is  very  com- 
mon in  youth— not  so  in  the  adult  or  in  advanced 
age.  It  is  apt  to  degenerate  into  painful,  indo- 
lent ulcerations,  called  Kibes,  (Sc.)  J/nles.  Chil- 
blains are  prevented  by  accustoming  the  parts  to 
exposure;  and  are  treated  by  stimulant,  terebin- 
thinate,  and  balsamic  washes,  ointments,  and 
liniments. 

CHILD,  Infans. 

CHILD-BEARING,  Parturition. 

CHILD-BED,  Parturient,  Parturition. 

CHILD-BED  FEVER,  Puerperal  fever. 

CHILD-BIRTH,  Parturition. 

CHILD-CROWING,  Asthma  tbymicum. 

CHILDHOOD.  Infancv. 

CHILD-ILL,  Parturition. 

CHILD-MURDER,  Infanticide. 

CHILDREN'S  BANE.  Cicuta  maculata. 

CHILL  CLIMATE  OF,  see  Lima. 

Chili,  Mineral  Waters  of.  The  most  cele- 
brated mineral  springs  of  Chili,  in  South  Ame- 
rica, are  those  of  Peldehues  and  Cauquenes.  Tlie 
former  are  not  far  from  St.  Jago.  They  consist 
of  two  springs,  one  thermal,  the  other  cold.  The 
hot  spring  is  clear,  inodorous,  and  contains  soda 
and  carbonic  acid.  The  cold  spring  contains  iron 
and  sulphate  of  soda.  Cauquenes  is  much  re- 
sorted to  by  invalids  during  the  summer.  Mine- 
ral waters  are  very  common  in  Chili.  Those  of 
Apoquindo,  Colina,  and  Cauquenes,  have  been 
analyzed  by  Prof.  J.  Lawrence  Smith,  M.  D. 

CHILIOGRAMMA,  Kilosramme. 

CHILIOPHYLLON,  Achillea  millefolium. 

CHILITES,  Cheilitis. 

CHILL,  Rigor. 

CHILLI.  Capsicum. 

CHI'LON,  Chei'lon,  Cheili'tis,  from  ;^£iXof,  'a 
lip.'  Inflammation  of  the  lips. — Vogel.  One 
who  has  a  thick  lip  ;  Labeo,  Labes. 

CHILOPLASTICE,  Cheiloplastice. 

CHIMAPHILA,  Pyrola  umbellata— c.  Umbel- 
lata,  Pyrola  umbellata. 

CHIMETLUM,  Chilblain. 

CHIMIA,  Chymistry. 

CHIMIATER,  Chymiater. 

CHIMIATRIA,  Chymiatria. 

CHIMIE.  Chymistry. 

CHIMISME,  Chymism. 

CHTMISTE,  Chymist.  ' 

CHIMON,  Chilblain,  Cold. 

CHINA,  Cinchona,  Smilax  china  —  c.  Ameri- 
can or  West  India,  Smilax  pseudo-china  —  c. 
Calisaya,  Cinehonse  cor-difolise  cortex  —  c.  Occi- 
dentalis,  Smilax  pseudo-china  —  c.  Orientalis. 
Smilax  china  —  c.  Ponderosa,  Smilax  china — e. 
Regia,  Cinchonse  cordifoliaB  cortex  —  c.  Root, 
Smilax  china — c.  Spuria  nodosa,  Smilax  pseudo- 
china — e.  Vera,  Smilax  china. 

CHINCAPIN,  Fagus  castanea  pumila  —  c. 
Water,  Nekimbium  luteum. 

CHINCHE,  Cimex. 

CHINCHINA,  Cinchona. 

CHINCHUNCHULLI,  lonidium  marcucci.   ' 


CHINCOUGH 


197 


CHLIAROS 


CHINCOUGH,  Pertussis. 

CHINESE,  MED'ICINE  OF  THE,  Medici'na 
Sin'ica.  Medicine  has  been  long,  but  most  im- 
perfectly, practised  by  the  Chinese.  From  their 
therapeutics  we  have  obtained  the  old  operations 
of  acupuncture  and  moxibustion. 

CHING'S  WORM  LOZENGES,  see  Worm 
Lozenges,  Ching's. 

CHINIDIN/Quinidia. 
CHININUM,  Quinine.  See  Chinium. 
CHINIO'IDINE,  Ckino'tdiiie,  Chinoidi'na, 
Cliinoidin,  Qiiiuoid'ine,  Quinoid'iii,  Qai'nodin ; 
from  CAi'iiar 'Cinchona.'  A  substance  presumed 
to  be  an  alkaloid  by  Sertiirner,  who  separated  it 
from  cinchona.  It  has  been  supposed  to  be  a 
mixture  of  quinia,  cinchonia,  and  a  peculiar  re- 
sinous matter,  but  according  to  Liebig  it  is  simply 
the  alkaloid  quinia  in  an  amorphous  state — amor- 
phous qninia. 

CHINIUM  ACETICUM,  Quinias  acetas  — c. 
Arsenicosum,  Quinise  arsenias — c.  Citricum,  Qui- 
niae  citras — c.  Ferroeyanogenatum,  Quiniae  Fer- 
rocyanas  —  c.  Hydrochloricum,  Quiniae  murias 
—  c.  Hydroindicum,  Quinise  hydriodas  —  o.  Lac- 
ticum,  Quinise  lactas  —  e.  Muriaticum,  Quiniae 
murias  —  c.  Nitrieum,  Quiniae  nitras  —  c.  Phos- 
phoricum,  Quiniaj  phosphas — c.  Salitum,  Quinias 
murias  —  c.  Sulphurieum,  Quiniae  sulphas  —  c. 
Tannicum,  Quiniae  et  Cinchoniae  tannas — c.  Va- 
lerianicum,  Quiniae  valerianas. 

CHINNEYWEED,  Lichen  roccella. 
CHINOLEINUM.  Leukoleinum. 
CHINQUAPIN,  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 
CHINWHELK,  Sycosis. 
CHIOCOCC^  PtADIX,  Caincse  radix. 
CHIOLI,  Furuneulus. 
CHION,  Snow. 

CHIONAN'THUS  VIRGIN'ICA,  Frhige  Tree, 
Snowdrop  Tree;  indigenous;  Nat.  Ord.  Olcaceae; 
from  X'-'^^'  '  snow,'  and  av^i,  '  a  flower.'  An 
infusion  of  the  root  has  been  used  as  an  antipe- 
riodic  and  tonic. 

CHIQUE  (F.),  Pitce  penetranfe,  Pulex  Peti'- 
efrans,  Dermatoph'ilua,  Snrcopi-:yll'a  peu'etrans, 
Tick,  Ohiggre,  Chirj'oe,  Cfiiggn,  Chegre,  Cheg'oe, 
Jigger.  A  small  insect  in  America  and  the  An- 
tille.«,  which  gets  under  the  epidermis,  and  excites 
great  irritation. 

CHIR,  Manus,  .see  Cheir. 
CHIRAETA,  Gentiana  ehirayta. 
CHI'RAGRA,  from  x^^9'  'hand,'  and  ay^a,  'a 
seizure.'     Gout  in  the  hand. 
CHIRAPOTHECA,  Arsenal. 
CHIRAPSIA,  Friction. 

CHIRARTHRI'TIS,  from  x^'P>  'hand,'  apdj^ov, 
'joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.    Inflam- 
mation of  the  joints  of  the  hand. 
CHIRAYITA,  Gentiana  ehirayta. 
CHIRAYTA,  Gentiana  ehirayta. 
CHIRETTA,  Gentiana  ehirayta. 
CHIRHEUMA.  Chirrheuma. 
CHIRIATER,  Surgeon. 
CHIRTATRIA,  Surgery. 
CHIRTMOYA,  Anona  tripetala. 
CHIRISIS.  Surgery. 
CH TRISMUS,  Surgery. 
CHIRIXIS,  Surgery. 

CHIROCYRTO'SIS,  from  ;<;«/',  'the  hand,' and 
Ku/jToxTi?,  'crookedness.'  Crookedness  of  the  hand. 
CHI'ROMANCY,  Chiromanti'a,  Vnticin'ium 
(hiroman'tieum,  Palm'istry.  from  ;\;£ip,  'the  hand,' 
.and  fiavTtia,  'divination.'  (F.)  Chiromancie.  Art 
of  divinina;  by  inspection  of  the  hand. 
CHIRONAX,  Surgeon. 

CHIRO'NIA,  (from  Chiron,  xcipov,  the  Cen- 
taur, who  is  said  to  have  discovered  its  use.)  A 
g;tnus  of  plants.  Ord.  Gentianace*.  Also,  Ta- 
irus  communis. 

Chieo'nia  Axgula'kis,    Amer'ican    Cen'tHury, 


Rosepink,  Wild  Suc'cory,  BiUerhloom,  Centry 
Suhba'tia,  S.  Angula'ris.  Every  part  of  this 
plant  is  a  pure  and  strong  bitter,  which  property 
is  communicated  alike  to  alcohol  and  water.  Ii 
is  used  as  a  tonic  and  stomachic. 

Chieo'nia  Centauri'um,  Centauri'wn  minns 
seu  vulga're  seu  parvum,  Gentia'na  centauri' urii 
seu  Gerar'di,  Erytliras'o.  Ccntauri'um,  Hippo- 
centaure'a  centauri' am,  Centriure'um,  Cenlau'ris, 
Smaller  or  Lesser  Cent'aury,  Europe'an  Centaury, 
(F.)  Centauree  petite,  Herbe  aa  centaure  ou  &  In 
fievre.  The  tops  of  the  lesser  Centaurj',  Centau'- 
rii  Cacu'mina,  are  aromatic  and  tonic,  and  are 
sometimes  emploj'ed  as  such. 

Chiro'nia  Chile n' sis,  Gentia'na  Cachen- 
lahuen,  Gachen-laguen,  Chachinlagua,  Chaneela- 
gua,  Erythrm'a  Chilensis,  Gentia'na  Peruvia'nn. 
A  very  bitter  plant,  indigenous  in  Chili.  It  pos- 
sesses the  virtues  of  the  Chironem.  Given  in  in- 
fusion— ■{%],  to  water  Oj.) 

CHIRONI'UM,  from  ;\;£ipoi/,  'bad,  malignant.' 
An  ulcer  difiicult  of  cure : — of  a  swollen,  hard, 
and  callous  nature.  —  Galen.     Some   have   sup- 
posed the  word  to  come  from  Chiron,  the  Cen- 
taur, who  was  unable  to  cure  such  ulcers. 
CHIRONOMIA,  Cheironomia. 
CHIROPODALGIA,  Acrodynia. 
CHIROP'ODIST,    (F.)    Pedicure.      One    who 
treats  diseases  of  the  hands  and  feet,  or  rather 
whose  profession  it  is  to  remove  corns  and  bun- 
yons ;  from  x^'-9'  '  ^^  hand,'  and  irouj,  noioi,  '  tho 
foot.' 

CHIRORRHEUMA,  Chirrheuma. 
CHIROSIS,  Subactio. 

CHIROSTROPIIO'SIS,  from  x^cp,  'the  hand,' 
and  (irpt.(p£iv,  'to  turn.'     Distortion  of  the  hand. 

CHIROTHE'CA,  from  x"P>  'the  hand,'  and 
drjKri,  'a  sheath.'  A  bandage  for  the  hand.  A  kind 
of  bandage  in  which  the  fingers  and  hand  are 
enveloped  in  spiral  turns.  When  the  whole  hand 
and  fingers  are  covered,  it  is  called  the  double  or 
complete  Chirotheca,  Ch.  comp>le'ta,  Vinctu'ra 
omnibus  dig" itis ;  and  when  only  a  finger  is 
covered,  the  lialf  or  incomplete,  Oh.  incomple'ta, 
Vinctu'ra  pro  uno  dig"ito.     See  Gantelet. 

CHIROTRI'BIA,  from  ^"P.  'the  hand,'  and 
rpt/Ju,  '  I  rub.'  Friction  with  the  hand.  Accord- 
ing to  others,  dexterity  in  an  art. — Hippocrates, 
Galen. 

CHIRRHEU'MA,  Chirorrheu'ma,  Rheumatis'- 
mus  manus,  from  x^'Pt  'the  hand,'  and  pcu/jc,  'flux.' 
Rheumatism  of  the  hand. 
CHIRURGEON.  Surgeon. 
CHIRURGI  PHYSICI,  see  Surgeon. 
CHIRUPbGIA,    Surgery — c.  Anaplastica,  Mo- 
rioplastice — c.  Curtorura,  Morioplastice — c.  Infu- 
soria, Infusion  of  Medicines — c.  Militaris,   Sur- 
gery, military — c.  Transfusoria,  Transfusion. 
CHIRURGIGAL,  Surgical. 
CHIRURGICUS,  Surgical. 
CHIRURGIE,  Surgery— c.  Slilitaire,  Surgery, 
military. 

CHIRURGIE N,  Surgeon— c.  Consultant,  Con- 
sulting Surgeon — c.  Hemieux,  see  Hernial. 
CHIRURGIQUE,  Surgical. 
CHIRURGUS,  Surgeon. 

CHIST.  An  Arabic  word  which  signifies  the 
sixth  part.  The  sixth  part  of  the  Congius  or 
gallon. 

CHITON,  Tunic. 
CHITONISCUS,  Indusium. 
CHITTICK'S  NOSTRUM,  see  Nostrum. 
CHIUM    VINUM.      From    Chios,    the    island 
where  it  was  produced  ;  Ghian  loine ;  used  by  the 
physicians  of  antiquity  in  cases  of  defluxions  and 
ophthalmias. — Scribonius  Largus. 

CHLI'AROS,  ;tA«apo5,  '  tepid.'  A  name  given 
to  slight  fevers,  in  which  the  heat  is  not  great. — 
Galen. 


CHLIASMA 


1  98 


CHOAVA 


CHLIAS'MA,  ;^Xia(r/ja,  same  etymon.  A  tepid 
and  moist  fomentation. — Hippocrates. 

CHLOAS'MA,  Pityri'asia  versic'olnr,  Mac'- 
nla  hepnt'ica,  Pnnnus  hepal'iciis,  Hepat'izon, 
Phaze,  Pka'cea,  Phacus,  (F.)  Taches  hepatiquea, 
Chaleurs  du  foie,  Ephelide  scorhutique,  Liverspot, 
from  x^°°^f  '^  greenish-yellow  colour,  verdure.' 
A  cutaneous  affection,  characterized  by  one  or 
more  broad,  irregular-shaped  patches,  of  a  yellow 
or  yellowish-brown  colour,  occurring  most  fre- 
quemtly  on  the  front  of  the  neck,  breast,  abdo- 
men, and  groins.  The  patches  do  not  generally 
rise  above  the  surface.  There  is  usually  some 
degree  of  itching.  A  cryptogamous  growth  has 
been  found  in  it,  to  which  M.  Robin  gives  the 
name  ilieros'poron  furfur. 

The  causes  are  not  very  evident.  Sulphur  ex- 
ternally—  in  any  and  every  form  —  generally  re- 
moves it  speedily.  Should  there  be  difficulty, 
the  external  use  of  the  remedy  in  baths  or  fumi- 
gations may  succeed. 

CHLOASMA  ALBUM,  Achroma. 

CHLORA,  Chlorine. 

CHLORAS  KALICUS  DEPURATUS,  Po- 
tassse  murias  hyperoxygenatus. 

CHLORASMA,  Chlorosis. 

CHLORE,  Chlorine — c.  Liqnide,  see  Chlorine. 

CHLORETHERIDE,  Chloroform. 

CHLORETUM  CALCARI^,  Calcis  chloridum. 

CHLORIASIS,  Chlorosis. 

CHLORIC  ETHER.  CONCENTRATED,  see 
Ether,  chloric  —  c.  Ether,  strong,  see  Ether, 
chloric. 

CHLORIDE  OF  BROMINE,  see  Bromine, 
chloride  of. 

CHLORINE,  from  ^^^Xwoof,  'green.'  Chh/n'mim, 
Ohlorin'inm,  Chlora,  O.rymitriat'ic  Acid.  Gas, 
Orygena'ted  Bfuriatic  Acid  Gas,  DepJilngisticated 
Marine  Acid,  Hal' ogene,  Mn'rigene,  Chlortm,  (F.) 
Chlore.  So  far  as  we  know,  this  is  an  element- 
ary substance.  It  is  a  greenish,  yellow  gas,  of 
a  strong  suffocating  smell,  and  disagreeable  taste : 
incapable  of  maintaining  combustion  and  respira- 
tion, and  very  soluble  in  water.  One  of  its  cha- 
racteristics is,  that  of  destroying,  almost  imme- 
diately, all  vegetable  and  animal  colours.  It  is 
employed  in  fumigations  as  a  powerful  disinfect- 
ing agent.  A  very  dilute  solution.  Aqua  seu  Li- 
quor Chlo'rini,  Chlorin'ii  Liquor  (Ph.  D.),  Ghlo- 
rin'ei  aqua  (Ph.  E. ),  Chlorine  water,  (F.)  Chlore 
liquide,  has  been  administered  internally,  in  cer- 
tain cases  of  diarrhoea  and  chronic  dysentery. 
Immersion  of  the  hands  and  arms  in  it  has  often 
removed  itch  and  other  cutaneous  affections.  It 
has  also  been  inhaled  in  a  dilute  state  in  the  early 
stage  of  phthisis,  but  it  is  of  doubtful  efficacy, 
and  is  better  adapted  for  chronic  bronchitis. 

Chlorine,  Bisulphuret  of,  Sulphur,  chlo- 
ride of. 

CHLORO-ANEMTE,  Chlorosis. 

CHLO'ROFORM,  Chloroform' urn.  Chloroform' - 
ium,  Carho'nenm  chlora'tum,  Super  ehlo'ridum 
fonnyl'icum,  PercMoride  and  Terchloride  of 
Formyl,  Chloroform' yl,  called  also,  but  not  cor- 
rectly, Terchloride  of  Carbon,  and  Chloric  ether, 
^Ethe^  chlo'ricus;  —  (F.)  Chloroforme,  Chlorethe- 
ride,  so  called  on  account  of  the  connexion  of  chlo- 
rine with  formic  acid,  is  a  colourless,  oleaginous 
liquid,  of  a  sweetish  ethereal  odour,  hot,  aroma- 
tic, and  peculiar  taste.  The  specific  gravity  of 
that  of  the  Ph.  U.  S.  is  1.49.  It  may  be  ob- 
tained by  distilling  from  a  mixture  of  chlorinated 
lime  and  alcohol,  —  rectifying  the  product  by  re- 
distillation, first  from  a  great  excess  of  chlori- 
nated lime,  and  afterwards  from  strong  sulphuric 
acid.  It  has  been  used  with  advantage  in  asthma, 
and  in  diseases  in  which  a  grateful  soothing  agent 
is  required.    Dose  f^ss  to  fjj,  diluted  with  water. 


It  has  likewise  been  prescribed  with  great  success 
as  an  anaesthetic  agent  in  spasmodic  diseases; 
and  to  obtund  sensibility  in  surgical  operations 
and  in  parturition,  —  especially  in  the  way  of 
inhalation ;  but  its  use  requires  caution.  See 
Anaesthetic. 

Chloroform,  Tincture  of,  Ether,  chloric. 

CHLOROFORMIZA'TION,  Chloroformisa'tio 
The  aggregate  of  anaesthetic  phenomena  occa- 
sioned by  the  inhalation  of  chloroform. 

CHLOROFORMYL,  Chloroform. 

CHLORO'MA,  from  ;(;>u)pof,  'green.'  A  pecu- 
liar form  of  tumour  containing  a  yellow  green 
substance,  which  takes  the  place,  at  times,  of 
muscles  and  periosteum. 

CHLOROPHYLL,  Fecula,  green. 

CHLORO'SIS,  from  pi;Xu)pos,  '  green,'  Pal'lidn» 
Morlus,  F<Bdn8  Vir'ginnm  color,  Pal'lidus  color 
virgin'eiis,  Pallor  vir'ginnm,  Icterit"ia  alba,  Lc'- 
tervs  albns,  Leticopathi'n,  3/orbns  virgin'ens  seu 
Parthen'ius,  Fofdi  colo'res,  Dynpep'sia  chloro'sis, 
Febris  amato'rin,  Cachex'ia  seu  Febris  vir'ginum, 
Febris  alba,  Anepiihym'ia  chloro'sis,  Chloras'ma, 
Chloros'ma,  Chlori'asis,  Citto'sis,  Greensickness, 
(F.)  ChloTose,  Pdles-coxdevrs,  Chloro-anemie,  A 
disease  which  affects  young  females,  more  parti- 
cularly those  who  have  not  menstruated.  It  is 
characterized  by  a  pale,  lurid  complexion,  languor, 
listlessness,  depraved  appetite  and  digestion,  pal- 
pitation, Ac.  The  disease  generally  goes  off  on 
the  occurrence  of  the  menstrual  flux ;  but  some- 
times it  is  long  before  this  is  established,  and,  at 
times,  the  catamenia  are  in  much  larger  quantity 
than  usual.  To  this  last  form  M.  Trousseau  has 
given  the  name  chlorose  hemorrhagiqne. 

The  blood  of  chlorosis  is  generally  thin,  light- 
coloured  and  deficient  in  red  corpuscles  .-  and,  ac- 
cording to  Piorry,  in  iron,  —  achalybhemie  ;  and 
the  clot  is  in  less  proportion  to  the  serum  than  in 
health.  On  auscultation,  a  bellows'  sound  has 
been  almost  invariably  detected  over  the  heart, 
and  a  continuous  blowing  sound  in  the  larger 
arteries,  (especially  the  carotids  and  subclavians,) 
re-enforced  by  each  systole  of  the  ventricle,  and 
resembling  the  buzzing  of  a  humming-top,  the 
cooing  of  doves,  the  whistling  of  air  through  a 
key-hole,  <fec.,  (see  Bruit.)  Very  similar  sounds 
are  heard  in  the  arteries  after  copious  hemor- 
rhage: they  seem,  therefore,  to  coincide  with  en- 
feebled circulation. 

Tonics  —  as  iron  —  are  usually  required  in  the 
treatment,  —  the  disease  most  commonly  occur- 
ring in  those  in  whom  there  is  considerable  torpor 
of  the  system. 

Chlorosis  ^thiopum,  Chthonophagia — c. 
Amatoria,  Hectic  fever — c.  Gigantea,  see  Poly- 
sarcia. 

CHLOROSMA,  Chlorosis. 

CHLOROT'IC,  Chlorot'iciis,  (F.)  Chlorotiqiie. 
Affected  with  chlorosis,  or  pertaining  to  chlorosis; 
— as  chlorotic  female,  cMorotic  symptoms,  Ac. 

CHLORUM,  Chlorine. 

CHLORURE  BE  CARBON,  Chloroform  — 
e.  d'Or,  Gold,  Muriate  of. 

CHLORURETUM  AMMONICUM.  Ammonia 
murias- — c.  Oxidi  Calcii,  Calcis  chloridum. 

CHOA,  Chu. 

CHOA'CUM  EMPLAS'TRUM  NIGRUM.  A 
black  plaster,  mentioned  by  Celsus,  and  composed 
of  equal  parts  of  litharge  and  resin.  The  litharge 
was  first  boiled  in  oil. 

CHOAK,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  e.  Wolf,  Ly- 
canehe. 

CHOANA,  Pelvis  — c.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum 
of  the  brain. 

CHOANE,  Infundibulum. 

CHOANORRHAGIA,  Epistaxis. 

CHOAVA,  Coffea  Arabica. 


CEO  COL  AT 


199  CHOLERA-EUROPEEN 


CHOCOLAT,  see  Chocolate. 

CHOCOLATA,  Chocolate — c.  cum  Osmazoma, 
see  Osmazome — c.  Salutis,  see  Chocolate — c.  Sim- 
plex, see  Chocolate. 

CHOCOLATE,  Choeola'tnm,  Chocola'ta,  Suc- 
col't'ta,  SuccocoUa'ta.  Dr.  Alston  says,  that  this 
word  is  compounded  from  two  East  Indian 
words:  —  choco,  'sound,'  and  atte,  'water,'  be- 
cause of  the  noise  made  in  its  preparation  [  ?  ].  An 
alimentary  paste  prepared  from  the  kernels  of 
Theohro'ma  cacao  or  Cacao,  with  sugar,  and 
often  aromatics.  (See  Cacao.)  The  chocolate 
thus  simply  prepared  —  as  it  is  met  with,  indeed, 
in  commerce  —  is  called  in  France,  Choeolat  de 
sante,  Chocola'ta  simplex  seu  Salu'tia.  It  is  not 
very  easy  of  digestion. 

The  choeolat  d  la  vanille  contains  three  ounces 
of  vanilla  and  tvvo  of  cinnamon  to  twenty  pounds 
of  common  chocolate.  The  addition  of  the  aro- 
matic renders  it  somewhat  more  digestible.  Cho- 
colates may  likewise  be  medicated. 

CHOCOLATE,  OSMAZOME,  see  Osmazome. 

CHOCOLATE  ROOT,  Geum  rivale,  G.  Virgi- 
nianum. 

CHOCUS,  Chu. 

CH(ENICIS,  Trepan. 

CHCENION,  Cord. 

CHCBNOS,  Cord. 

CHCERADO'DES,  from  xoipa?,  xo^paSog,  'scro- 
fula,' and  Et^of,  'resemblance.'  Of  the  nature  of 
scrofula.     Affected  with  scrofula. 

CHCERAS,  Scrofula. 

CHOIROS,  Vulva. 

CHOKE  CHERRY,  Prunus  Virginiana  —  c. 
Damp,  Carbonic  acid. 

CHOKES,  Throat. 

CHOLA,  Chole. 

CHOLiE'MIA,  Cholha'mia,  Cholihee'min,  from 
^oAi;,  '  bile,'  and  'ai/ia,  '  blood.'  A  morbid  state, 
in  which  bile  exists  in  the  blood.     Jaundice. 

CHOLAGO,  Cholas. 

CHOL'AGOGUE.  Cholago'gus,  Chole'gos,  Fel- 
lid'ueus,  Bilit'iciis,  from  ;^oX;j,  'bile,'  and  ayuy,  'I 
expel.'  The  ancients  give  this  name  to  cathar- 
tics, which  were  reputed  to  cause  the  flow  of  bile. 

CHOLANSIS,  Cholosis. 

CHOLAS,  ;t''^as.  plur.  X"'>^nS€s.  Chola'go.  The 
epigastric  region.     The  intestines. — Homer. 

CHOLASMA,  Cholosis. 

CHOLE,  Cfiolus,  Cliola,  'bile,' in  composition. 
Hence : 

CHOLEC'CHYSIS,  Oholen'chysis ;  from  x/'^r,, 
'bile,'  and  ty;]^"^!?,  'effusion.'     Effusion  of  bile. 

CHOLECYST,  Gall-bladder. 

CHOLECYSTEURYS'MA,  from  X"^r,,  'bile,' 
KvdTii,  'bladder,'  and  £upu(r/<a,  'dilatation.'  Dila- 
tation of  the  gall-bladder. 

CHOLECYSTI'TIS,  Injlmnma'tio  Vesi' ca  fell' - 
em,  I.  eyst'idis  fell'ea,  Cysti'tia  fel'lea,  Jlepati'tia 
cyst'iea,  from  X"^'''  'bile,'  and  Kvan;,  'bladder.' 
(F.)  Inflammation  de  la  Vesieule  du  Fiel,  Chole- 
cystite.     Inflammation  of  the  gall-bladder. 

CHOL'BDOCH,  Chded'ochus,  (F.)  OhoU- 
doqne,  from  x^'^'^f  'bile,'  and  Soxog, '  containing  or 
receiving.'  The  Ductus  cholednchus  seu  hep'ato- 
cys'ticus.  Ductus  communis  choledochits,  (F.)  Con- 
duit ou  Canal  Choledoque,  is  the  duct  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  hepatic  and  cystic  ducts,  which 
pours  the  hepatic  and  cystic  bile  into  the  duodenum. 

CHOLEDOCI'TIS,  from  choledochus,  and  itis  ; 
a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  choledoch  duct. 

CHOLEDOG'RAPHY,  Choledogra'phia,  Cho- 
legraph' ia,  Chohigraph'ia,  from  xoXri,  '  bile,'  and 
ypa(petv,  '  to  describe.'  A  description  of  what  re- 
lates to  the  bile  and  biliary  organs. 

CHOLEDOL'OGY,  Choledolog"ia,  Chole- 
log"ia,  Chololog"ia,  from  x°^l>  '  bile,'  and  Xoyoq, 


'a  discourse.'    A  treatise  on  the  bile  and  biliary 
organs. 

CHOLEDOQUE,  Choledoch. 

CHOLEGOS,  Cholagogue. 

CHOLEGRAPHIA,  Choledography. 

CHOLEH^MIA,  Icterus. 

CHOLEIA,  Claudication. 

CHOLELITHIA,  Cysthepatolithiasis— c.  Icte- 
rus, Icterus. 

CHOLELITHIASIS,  Cysthepatolithiasis. 

CHOLELITHUS,  Calculi,  biliary. 

CHOLELOGIA,  Choledology. 

CHOLEMES'IA,  Chole'm'esis,  from  X"^''* 
'bile,'  and  sfieat?,  'vomiting.'     Vomiting  of  bile. 

CHOLENCHYSIS,  Cholecchysis. 

CHOLEPYRA,  Fever,  bilious. 

CHOLEPYRETUS,  Fever,  bilious. 

CHOLEPYRRIN,  see  Bile. 

CHOLER,  Bile.  Anger  was  supposed  to  bo 
produced  by  a  superabundance  of  bile;  hence 
the  term  Choler  for  anger. 

CHOL'ERA,  Chol'era-morhus,  Cholera  nostras 
seu  vulga'ris,  Sporad'ic  Chol'era,  Cholerrha'gia, 
Pas'sio  ckoler'ica,  Fcllif'lua  passio,  ilorhus  fel- 
lif'lmis,  Hol'era,  Bilis  flux'io,  (F.)  Choladree 
lymphatigue,  Hydrocholndree,  Cholera-morbuaspo- 
radique,  Ch.  Europeen,  Trouase-galant,  from  X"^^' 
'bile,'  and  /jeo),  'I  flow.'  According  to  others, 
from  ;:^;oXa^£s,  '  intestines,'  or  from  ;^oA£pa,  '  the 
gutter  of  a  house  to  carry  off  the  rain.'  The 
higher  degrees  have  been  called  CentrogangliVtis, 
MyelogangliVtis,  and  Hologangli'i'tia.  A  disease 
characterized  by  anxiety,  gripings,  spasms  in  the 
legs  and  arms,  and  by  vomiting  and  purging 
(generally  bilious :)  vomiting  and  purging  are, 
indeed,  the  essential  symptoms.  The  disease  ia 
most  common  in  hot  climates, — and  in  temperate 
climates,  during  summer.  Spasmod'ic,  Asiat'ic, 
Malig'nant,  Indian,  Epidem'ic,  Pestilen'tial,  Con- 
vulsive Nervous,  Eastern,  or  Orient'al  Cholera, 
Asphyx'ia  pestilen'ta,  Pestilen'tial  asphyx'ia, 
Chol'eric  Pest'ilence,  Cholera  orienta'lis  seu  /»»'- 
dica  seu  Epidem'ica  seu  Asphyx'ia,  Typhus  Ben- 
galen'sis,  Choi' ero-typhus,  Ganglioni'tis  peripher'- 
ica  et  medidla'ris,  Hymenoganglii' tis,  Pantognn- 
glii'tis,  Cholerrhoe'a  lymphat'ica,  Psorenter'ia, 
Achol'in,  Typhoid  Fever  of  India,  Hyperanthrax'is, 
Enterop'yra  Asiat'ica,  Trisplanch'nia,  Tris- 
planchni'tis,  H<smntaporrho'sis,  HcBmatorrho' sis. 
Morbus  ory'zeus.  Rice  disease,  (because  supposed 
by  Tytler  to  be  caused  by  damaged  rice,)  (F.) 
Mort  de  Chien,  is  frightful  in  the  rapidity  of  its 
progress,  the  patient  sometimes  dying  in  a  few 
hours  from  the  first  onset.  In  temperate  cli- 
mates, common  cholera  is  not  usually  a  disease 
of  much  consequence,  It  requires  that  the  sto- 
mach and  bowels  should  be  cleared,  and  after- 
wards the  irritation  be  allayed  by  full  doses  of 
opium.  In  malignant  cholera,  large  doses  of  calo- 
mel, with  opiates,  form  the  great  reliance  of  many 
practitioners.  In  the  worst  forms,  however,  it 
runs  its  course,  unmodified  by  treatment. 

CHOLERA  EUROPEEN,  see  Cholera  — c. 
Indian,  see  Cholera — c.  Indica,  see  Cholera. 

Chol'era  Infan'tdm,  Chol'eric  Fever  of  In- 
fants;  Cholera  of  Infants.  A  disease  so  termed 
by  American  physicians.  It  occurs,  generally, 
in  the  middle  states  of  the  Union,  in  June  or 
July,  and  continues  during  the  hot  weather, 
hence  called  the  '  summer  complaint'  The  chief 
symptoms  are  vomiting,  purging  of  green  or 
yellow  matter,  slime  or  blood,  attended  with  pain 
or  uneasiness  ;  and  swelling  nf  the  abdomen,  with 
some  pyrexia,  generally.  The  heat  of  the  wea- 
ther seems  to  be  the  predisposing,  if  not  the  ex- 
citing, cause.  Itis  a  fatal  disease  in  towns;  dif- 
fering little,  if  at  all,  from  what  is  vulgarly  called 
the  Watery  Gripes  in  England.    Clearing,  gently. 


CHOLERAIC 


200 


CHONDRO-XIPHOID 


tlie  alimentary  canal,  so  as  to  remove  the  offend- 
ing matter,  and  then  exhibiting  challt  mixture 
and  laudanum,  with  counter-irritants,  as  sina- 
pisms to  the  abdomen,  is  the  most  satisfactory 
plan  of  treatment. 

Cholera,  Malignant,  see  Cholera — c.  Morbus, 
Cholera — c.  Morbus  Sporadique,  see  Cholera  — 
c.  Nostras,  Cholera  morbus — c.  Oriental,  see  Cho- 
lera— c.  Pestilential,  see  Cholera— c.  Poison,  see 
Poison — c.  Spasmodic,  see  Cholera — c.  Sporadic, 
see  Cholera — c.  Sec,  Cholera  sicca — c.  Vulgaris, 
Cholera  morbus. 

Chol'era  Sicca,  (F.)  GhoUra  sec.  Pneuma- 
tosis of  the  digestive  passages  in  which  there  is  a 
copious  discharge  of  gas  upwards  and  downwards. 

CHOLERAIC,  Choleric. 

CHOLERAPHOBIA,  Choleromania. 

CHOL'ERIC,  Choler'icHS,  (F.)  Cholerique.  Be- 
longing to  bile;  also  to  cholera;  Cholera'ic, — as  the 
'  iholeric  or  choleraic  virus.'  The  French  use  the 
term  Fievre  cholerique  for  the  fever  accompanying 
'jholera. 

Choleric  Fever  op  Infants,  Cholera  infan- 
tum. 

Choleric  Temp'erament.  The  bilious  tem- 
perament. 

CHOL'ERINE,  (F.)  Cholerine.  A  diminutive 
of  cholera.  The  first  stage  of  epidemic  cholera; 
also,  the  precursory  symptoms  of  cholera. 

CHOLERIQUE.  Choleric. 

CHOL'EROID,  CholeroV des,  from  cholera,  and 
tiioi,  'resemblance.'  Resembing  cholera;  as  a 
'  choleroid  affection.' 

CHOLEROMA'NIA,  Cholerapho'bia,  ChoJero- 
pho'bia,  from  cholera  and  mania.  A  dread  of 
cholera  to  such  an  extent  that  the  individual 
fancies  himself  affected  or  threatened  by  it. 

CHOLEROPHOBIA,  Choleromania. 

CHOLEROPHO'NE,  from  cholera,  and  <t>u>vn, 
'  voice.'     The  peculiar  voice  of  one  in  cholera. 

CnOLEROPROSO'PON,  Cholerop'sii,  from 
cholera,  and  ttpocijottov,  'countenance.'  The  facial 
expression  of  cholera. 

CHOLEROPSIS,  Choleroprosopon. 

CHOLERO-TYPHUS,  Cholera,  (spasmodic.) 

CHOLERRHAGIA,  Cholera. 

CHOLERRHCEA  LYMPHATICA,  Cholera. 

CHOLESTBARINOMA,  Cholesteatoma. 

CHOLESTBATINE,  Cholesterin. 

CHOLESTEATO'MA,  from  x°^>},  'bile,'  and 
steatoma.  An  encysted  tumour,  which  presents 
upon  the  interior  of  the  cyst  several  superim- 
posed layers  of  cholesterin,  which  glisten  like 
pearl.  Hence  it  was  named  by  Cruveilheir  the 
laminated  nacreous  fatty  tumour. 

CHOL'ESTERIN,  Chol'esterine,  Cholesteri'na, 
Cholosteri'na,  Cholestearine,  Cholesteatine,  from 
X°^^!  'bile,'  and  arepeog.  'solid,'  or  urtap,  'suet.' 
Ad'iiMcire,  Choline.  An  inodorous,  insipid  sub- 
stance, in  white,  shining  scales;  fusible  and  crys- 
tallizing, on  cooling,  in  radiated  fibres.  Soluble 
in  alcohol.  It  forms  the  crystalline  part  of  cer- 
tain biliary  calculi.     See  Adipocire. 

Cholesterin  Disease,  see  Lardaceous. 

CHOLEUMA,  Cholosis. 

CnOLH.^MIA,  Cholaemia. 

CHOLIA,  Ch_olosis. 

CHOLICE'LB,  from  ;^oX»?,  'bile,'  and  Kr,\n, 
'tumour.'  A  swelling,  formed  by  the  bile  mor- 
bidly accumulated  in  the  gall-bladder. 

CHOLICUS,  Bilious. 

CHOLIH^MIA,  Cholajmia. 

CHOLINE,  Cholesterin. 

GHOLIOYSTIECTASIE,  Turgescentia  vesi- 

CD&  16! Is  SB 

CHOLTCYSTITE,  Cholecystitis. 
CHOLIUS,  Bilious. 
CHOLOCATAR'RIIOPHE,   Cholocatar- 


rhophe'sis,  Cholocatarroph'ia,  from  ;^oX)7,  'bile,' 
and  Karappoipeiv,  'to  sup  up.'  The  absorption  of 
bile. 

CIIOLOGRAPHIA,  Choledography. 

CHOLOLITHUS,  see  Calculi,  biliary. 

CHOLO'MA,  from  %wXof,  'lame,  maimed.' 
Distortion  of  a  limb  ;  incapacity  of  moving  it. 
Also,  the  act  of  limping,  claudication. 

CHOLOPLANIA,  Icterus. 

CHOLORRHCE'A,  from  x^^v,  'bile,'  and  pzw, 
'I  flow.'     An  abnormous  discharge  of  bile. 

CHOLOS,  Bile,  Chole. 

CHOLO'SES,  from  ^oX^,  'bile.'  Alibert  in- 
cludes, under  this  head,  every  morbid  affection 
of  the  liver  and  spleen. 

CHOLO'SIS,  from  xmXos,  'lame.'  Cho'lotes, 
Cholas'ma,  Cholan'sis,  Choleu'ma,  Chol'ia,  Cluu- 
dica'tion.  Hippocrates  employs  this  word  par- 
ticularly for  a  lameness  of  the  hand,  which  ren- 
ders a  person  one-handed,  (F.)  manchot.  Also, 
icterus ;  bilious  dysorasy. 

Cholosis  Americana,  Fever,  yellow. 

CHOLOSTERINA,  Cholesterin. 

CHOLOTES,  Cholosis. 

CHOLOZEMIA  FEBRILIS,  Fever,  bilious. 

CHONDRIN,  from  x°''^i>°^'  'cartilage.'  (F.) 
Gelatine  des  cartilages.  A  variety  of  gelatin,  ob- 
tained by  boiling  the  cornea,  the  permanent  car- 
tilages, and  the  bones  before  they  are  ossified. 

CHONDRI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Cartilag"ini8, 
(F.)  Chondrite,  from  s;o>'i/)os, '  cartilage,'  and  itis, 
a  termination  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  cartilage. 

CHONDROCLA'SIS,  from ;^ov5pos,' cartilage,' 
and  /tXucrtj,  '  fracture.'     Fracture  of  a  cartilage. 

CHONDRODES,  Cartilaginous,  Chondroid. 

CHONDROGENES'IA,  Ghondrogen'esis,  from 
Xovipog,  'a  cartilage,'  and  yeveats,  'formation.' 
Formation  of  cartilage.  A  morbid  conversion  of 
parts  into  cartila2;e. 

CHONDROGLOS'SUS,  from  xo^^poi,  'a  carti- 
lage,' and  yXuo-o-a,  'the  tongue.'  A  fasciculus  of 
fleshy  fibres,  passing  from  the  lesser  cornu  of 
the  OS  hyoides  to  the  tongue.  It  forms  part  of 
the  hyoglossus. 

CHONDROG'RAPHY,  Chondrogra'phia,  from 
Xov&poi,  'cartilage,'  and  ypa(p>i,  'a  description.' 
A  descriptioti  of  cartilages. 

CHONDROID,  ChondroV des,  Chondro'des, 
from  ;\;ovi5pof,  '  cartilage,'  and  tiiog,  'resemblance.' 
Cartilaginiform.     Resembling  cartilage. 

CHONDROL'OGY,  Chondrolog"ia,  from  x^^- 
hpo%,  'a  cartilage,'  and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  cartilages. 

CHONDRO'MA,  Enchondro'ma,  from  x°'^^9<''i 
'  cartilage.'  A  cartilaginous  growth  proceeding 
from  bones,  including  spina  ventosa,  osteo-sar- 
coma,  <fcc.,  of  many. 

CHONDRO-PHARYNGE'US,  from  x»^hoi,  'a 
cartilage,'  and  (papvy^,  '  the  pharynx.'  Fibres  of 
the  muscular  coat  of  the  pharynx,  which  arise 
from  the  lesser  cornua  of  the  os  hyoides,  and  form 
part  of  the  Constrictor  medius.  See  Constrictor 
pharyngis. 

CHONDRO'SIS,  from  xovSpos,  'cartilage.'  A 
morbid  formation  or  condition  of  a  cartilage. 

CnONBROSTERN AhyChondrosterna' lis,  honi 
XovSpos,  'a  cartilage,'  and  aripvov,  'the  breast- 
bone.' Having  relation  to  the  cartilages  of  the 
ribs  and  breast-bone, — as  the  chondrosternal  liga- 
ments, articulations,  Ac. 

CHONDROSYNDES'MUS,  from  x""^?"?.  '^ 
cartilage,'  and  awbcanoi,  'a  ligament.'  Union 
of  bones,  by  means  of  fibro-cartilage.  Synchon- 
drosis. 

CHONDROT'OMY,  Chondrotom'ia,  from  xov- 
Spo!,  'a  cartilage,'  and  Tcpivuv,  'to  cut.'  Dissec- 
tion of  cartilages. 

CHONDRO-XIPHOID,     Chondro-xijthoVdes, 


CHONDRUS 


201 


CHOROID 


From  j^ovSpos,  'a.  cartilage,'  and  xiphoid,  the  car- 
tilage so  called.  Having  relation  to  the  xiphoid 
cartilage,  as  '  Cliondro-xiphoid  ligament.' 

CHONDRUS,  Cartilage.  The  Xiphoid  carti- 
lage, in  particular. 

Choxdrds,  Alica,  Fucus  crispus  —  e.  Crispus, 
Fueus  crispus — c.  Polymorphus,  Fucus  crispus. 

CHONOS,  Infundibulum. 

CHOPINE,  Chopi'no,  Cheopi'na.  A  measure, 
which  contains  16  ounces.     A  pint  measure. 

CHORA,  x^P"'  'region.'  Any  void  space. 
Also,  the  orbit  of  the  eye. 

CHORD,  TESTICULAR,  Spermatic  chord. 

CHORDA,  Corda,  from  %o/)^'/,  '  a  gut,'  and 
hence,  a  string  made  of  gut.  A  string  of  an 
instrument.  It  has  several  meanings:  —  as  a 
tendon,  —  the  intestines  {ChordcB.)  Paracelsus 
calls  the  genital  organs  chorda.  Chorda  seu 
Fiinic'ulus  Tym'pani,  a  branch  of  the  Tth  pair 
of  nerves,  according  to  some,  of  the  6th  pair, 
according  to  others,  and  to  probability,  which 
passes  through  the  tympanum,  (F.)  Nerf  Tympa- 
nique — (Ch.)  Corde  du  Tamhoiir  ou  da  Tympan. 
Chorda  Willis'ii,  TraheculcB  Willis'ii,  the  small 
fibres  which  cross  the  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater: 
so  called  from  their  first  describer,  Willis.  Chorda 
Tendin'ea; ;  the  tendinous  and  cord-like  sub- 
stances which  connect  the  columns  carnecB  of  the 
ventricles  of  the  heart  to  the  valves,  &o. 

Chorda,  Intestine. 

Chorda  Dorsa'lis,  Dorsal  cord.  The  axis, 
around  which,  according  to  Yon  Baer,  the  first 
parts  of  the  foetus  are  formed, — the  rudiment  of 
the  future  vertebral  column. 

Chorda  Hippocratis,  Aehillis  Tendo — c.  Lon- 
gitudinalis  Corporis  Callosi,  see  Raphe — c.  Penis, 
Chordee  —  c.  Tympani,  see  Chorda  —  c.  Veneris, 
Chordee. 

CHORD^S!,  Chordee — c.  Ferrenii,  Cords,  vocal 
— c,  Longitudinales  lancisii,  see  Raphe— c.  Ten- 
dine«,  see  Chorda — c.  Transversales  Willisii,  see 
Corpus  callosum  —  c.  Vocales,  Cords,  vocal  —  c. 
Willisii,  see  Chorda. 

CHORDAP'SUS,  from  X''P^1'  'intestine.'  and 
a-Ttiv,  '  to  tie,'  Intussuscep'tio.  Constriction  or 
twisting  of  the  intestines.  —  Celsus.  The  Colica 
Ileus.     See  Enteritis  and  Ileus. 

CHORDEE',  Cordee',  Chorda  Ven'eris  seu 
Penis,  Phallancylo' sis,  Phallocamp'sis,  Chordm, 
Chorda' ta  Gonorrhoe'a.  A  painful  affection  of 
the  penis,  attending  gonorrhoja,  and  happening 
chiefly  at  night.  It  occurs  when  the  violence  of 
the  inflammation  is  such,  that  the  urethra  cannot 
expand  as  much  as  the  corpora  cavernosa  during 
erection,  and  consequently  the  glans  seems  pain- 
fully drawn  downwards.  The  application  of  cold 
water  topically,  and  the  administration  of  opium 
internally,  palliate  it. 

CHORE'A,  Ch.  Sancti  Viti  seu  Sancti  Modes'ti 
seu  gesticulato'ria,  Choroma'nia,  Syn'cloniis  sal- 
tans, Tripudia'tio  spastica,  iroin  xoi)tta,  'a  dance;' 
sometimes  called  Scelotyr'be,  S.  Tarnntismus,  Viti 
Scdtus,  Salta'tio  SanCTI  Viti,  Ballis'miis,  Con- 
vid'sio  habitua'lis,  Siph'ita  prava,  Syn'clonus 
Chorea,  Myotyr'be,  Choreoma'nia,  Orchestroma'- 
iiia,  Epileps'ia  Scdlato'ria,  Morbus  Saltato'rins 
seu  gesticulato'rius  seu  Lasci'ms,  Hieran'osus,  St. 
Vitus's  Dance,  Viper's  Dance,  because  the  move- 
ments resemble  dancing;  (F.)  Choree,  Danse  de 
Saint  Witt,  Danse  de  St.  Guy.  The  character- 
istics are  :— irregular  and  involuntary  motions  of 
one  or  more  limbs,  and  of  the  face  and  trunk.  It 
is  a  disease  which  usually  occurs  before  puberty ; 
and  is  generally  connected  with  torpor  of  the 
system,  and  of  the  digestive  organs  in  particular. 
Its  duration  is  long,  but  it  is  usually  devoid  of 
danger;  although  frequently  but  little  under  the 
control  of  medicine.    The  spasms  do  not  continue 


during  sleep.  The  indications  of  treatment  are  : 
to  strengthen  the  general  system,  and  stimulate 
the  intestinal  canal.  Purgatives,  once  or  twice 
a  week,  and  chalybeates,  with  appropriate  regi- 
men, will  fulfil  these. 

Chorea,  Chronic,  see  Tic — c.  Faciei,  Tic — c. 
Gesticulatoria,  Chorea  —  c.  Partial,  see  Tic  —  e. 
Sancti  Modesti,  Chorea — c.  Sancti  Valentini,  Ta- 
rantismus — c.  Sancti  Viti,  Chorea. 

CHOREE,  Chorea. 

CHORE'GIA,  from  ;^opos',  'a  troop  of  dancers 
and  singers,'  and  ayh^,  'I  lead.'  Hippocrates 
uses  this  term  for  the  whole  of  the  apparatus 
necessary  for  a  physician  or  surgeon. 

CHOREOMANIA,  Chorea. 

CHORIODEii'TIS,  Chorioidei'tis,  Chorioidi'- 
tis,  Choro'idi'tis,  (F.)  Choro'idife,  from  X''?°"^i;j 
'  the  choroid,'  and  itis.  Inflammation  of  the 
choroid  coat  of  the  eye. 

CHORIODES,  Choroid. 

CHORIOIDEA,  Choroid. 

CHORIOIDES,  Choroid. 

CHO'RION,  x"?^"'")  'skin,'  from  ;^(jp£tv,  'to 
contain,' include  ;  [?]  Camia'ia  Fcettis  :  Vae  chemise 
or  shirt  of  the  foetus  in  utero.  A  thin,  transpa- 
rent membrane,  formerly  confounded  with  the 
deoidua,  which  surrounds  the  foetus  in  utero  on 
every  side,  and  appears  to  be  developed  from 
nucleated  cells  formed  in  the  Fallopian  tube. 
Some  histologists,  however,  consider,  that  it 
exists  in  the  ovary.  The  general  opinion  is,  that 
it  is  formed  as  above  described  ;  and  perhaps,  also, 
from  the  zona  pellucida,  which  disappears  in  the 
tube.  In  the  uterus,  villous  prolongations  are 
formed  on  its  surface,  which  have  given  it,  with 
more  recent  writers,  the  name  ' shaggy  chorion.' 
These  villi  are  probably  the  agents  of  the  ab- 
sorption of  nutritive  matter  furnished  from  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  uterus. 

By  many  anatomists,  the  chorion  is  considered 
to  be  formed  of  two  layers;  the  outer,  called  by 
Burdach  Exocho'rion  :  the  inner,  Endocho'rion. 
By  others,  the  distinction  of  laminse  is  denied. 
It  is  exterior  to  the  amnion. 

Chorion  also  means  the  true  skin.  See  Cutis. 
By  some,  the  Zona  pellucida  is  so  called. 

Chorion  Fungosum,  Decidua— c.  Reticulatum, 
Decidua — c.  Shaggy,  see  Chorion  and  Decidua — 
c.  Spongiosum,  see  Decidua — c.  Spongy,  see  De- 
cidua— 0.  Tomentosuin,  see  Decidua. 

CHORIONITIS.  Induration  of  the  Cellular 
tissue. 

CHOROID,  ChoroVdeus,  ChoroVdes,  ChorioV- 
dcs,  Chorio'des  from  ;^of)ioi',  'the  chorion,'  and 
£(5of,  '  shape,'  'resemblance.'  Several  parts  are 
so  called,  which  resemble  the  chorion  in  the 
multitude  of  their  vessels. 

Choroid  Muscle,  Ciliary  muscle. 

Choroid  Plexus,  Plexus  choro'i'dvs  seu  cho- 
roi'dens  seu  reticula'ris,  Vermes  cer'ehri.  Two 
membranous  and  vascular  duplieatures  of  the 
pia  mater,  situate  in  the  lateral  ventricles. 
They  are  fixed  to  the  Tela  choro'idea  by  one  edge, 
and  are  loose  and  floating  at  the  other. 

ChOKOIDEA  Tela,  Plexus  choro'ideus  medins, 
(F.)  Toile  choro'idienne.  A  kind  of  vasculo- 
membranous  prolongation  of  the  pia  mater, 
which  lines  the  lower  surface  of  the  fornix  united 
with  the  corpus  callosum.  It  is  stretched  above 
the  third  ventricle  and  covers  the  posterior  com- 
missure and  corpora  quadrigemina.  Anteriorly, 
the  tela  choroidea  is  continuous  with  the  plexus 
choroides. 

Choroi'dea  seu  Chorioi'dea  Tu'nica,  Ck. 
Membra'nn,  or  simply  the  Choroid.  Tu'iiica  vas~ 
culo'so  seu  aciniform'is  seu  rhugai'des  Ocnll.  (P.) 
Membrane  choro'ide,  Choro'ide.  A  thin  membrane, 
of  a  very  dark  colour,  which  lines  the  sclerotica 


CHOROIDE 


202 


CHRYSOCHALCOS 


internally.  The  part  behind  the  iris  is  called 
Uvea.  It  is  situate  between  the  sclerotica  and 
retina,  has  an  opening,  posteriorly,  for  the  pas- 
sage of  the  optic  nerve;  and  terminates,  ante- 
riorly, at  the  great  circumference  of  the  iris, 
where  it  is  continuous  with  the  ciliary  processes. 
According  to  Ruysch,  the  choroid  consists  of  two 
layers,  to  the  innermost  of  which  his  son  gave  the 
name  Tu'nica  seu  Membra'na  Riiynchia'na,  M. 
chon'o-capilla'ris,  (F.)  3Ienibrane  Jiiii/schienne. 
The  internal  surface  of  the  membrane  is  covered 
with  a  dark  pigment,  consisting  of  several  layers 
of  pigment  cells,  called  Pigmen'tum  tiigrum, 
Stratum  pic/men' ti,  OphthalmocliroVten,  xJSthiops 
animal,  Mela'iae,  llelanine,  3Iatiere  ou  Principe 
de  la  Melanone,  (F.)  Enduit  clioro'idien.  Its  use 
seems  to  be,  to  absorb  the  rays  of  light  after  they 
have  traversed  the  retina. 

Choroide^  VeNjE,  VeiicB  Gale'ni,  (F.)  Veines 
choro'idieiines.  Two  veins,  that  creep  along  the 
tela  choroidea ;  into  which  almost  all  those  of 
the  lateral  ventricles,  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
cerebellum,  of  the  pineal  gland,  and  the  corpora 
quadrigemina  open.  The  Venae  Galeni  open  into 
the  sinns  quartus  or  fourth  sinus. 

CHOROIDE,  CEINTURE  BLANCHE  BE 
LA,  Ciliary  ligament — c.  Commissure  de  la,  Cili- 
ary ligament. 

CHOROIDITIS,  Choriodeitis. 

CHOROi'DO-RETINI'TIS.  Inflammation  of 
the  choroid  and  retina. 

CHOROMANIA,  Chorea. 

CHOSES  CONTRE  NATURE,  Res  contra 
naturam  —  c.  Nattirelles,  Res  naturales  —  c.  no7t 
Naturelhs,  Res  laon  naturales. 

CHOSIS,  Arenatio. 

CHOU,  Brassica  —  c.  Cabits,  Brassiea  capitata 
. —  c.  Crodte,  Sauer  Kraut  —  e.  Fleur,  Brassica 
Florida,  Cauliflower  excrescence — e.  Marin,  Con- 
volvulus soldanella  —  c.  Navet,  Brassica  rapa  — 
c.  Pomme,  Brassica  capitata — c.  Potager,  Brassica 
— c.  Rnquette,  Brassica  ernca. 

CHOWDER,  a  favorite  New  England  dish, 
made  of  fish,  pork,  onions,  and  biscuit,  stewed 
together. 

In  Devonshire,  England,  chowder  is  a  fish- 
seller. —  Halliwell.  In  the  west  of  England 
chowder  beer  is  a  liquor  made  by  boiling  black 
spruce  in  water,  and  mixing  it  with  molasses. — 
Webster. 

CHREMMA,  Sputum. 

CHREMPSIS,  Exspuition. 

CHRISIS,  from  XP"^!  'I  anoint.'  The  action 
of  anointing.     Inunction. 

CHRISMA,  same  etymon.  The  act  of  anoint- 
ing. The  salve  or  liniment  used,  Chrism,  Creme. 
Prurigo. 

CHRISTI  MANUS.  Troches  prepared  from 
refined  sugar  boiled  in  rose-water  with  or  without 
prepared  pearls. 

CHRISTOPHER,  HERB,  Actaea  spicata. 

CHRISTOPHORIANA  SPICATA,  Actsea 
spicata. 

CHRISTOS,  ;^/)joTof,  from  x^nia,  '1  anoint.' 
Any  medicine  applied  under  the  form  of  liniment 
or  ointment. 

CHROA,  Chroea,  Chroma.  Colour  in  general. 
The  surface  of  the  body.     The  skin. 

CHROMA.  Chroa. 

CHROMATISME,  Aberration  of  refrangi- 
bility. 

CHROMATOG"ENOUS,  from  jcpw/^a,  :^pu/;/a- 
TOi,  '  colour,'  and  ytwiKo,  '  I  make.' 

CHRO)fATOG"ENOlTS    AppaRA'tUS.       A    SUpposi- 

titious  glandular  apparatus  for  producing  the 
colouring  matter  of  the  skin,  composed  of  a 
glandular  or  secreting  parenchyma,  situate  a  little 
below  the  papillae,  and  presenting  special  excre- 


tory ducts,  which  pour  out  the  colouring  matter 
on  the  surface  of  the  true  skin. — Breschet. 

CHROMATOMETABLEPSIA,  Achro- 
matopsia. 

CHROMATOPHO'BIA,  from  xpwA'a?  Xpofforof, 
'colour,'  and  (pofioi,  'dread.'  Morbid  sensibility 
to  certain  colours. 

CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIA,  Achromatopsia. 

CHROMATOPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CHROMIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Chro'micum,  (F.) 
Acide  chromique.  Obtained  by  crystallization 
from  a  mixture  of  bichromate  of  potassa,  and 
oil  of  vitriol.  It  has  been  used  as  an  escharotic 
in  external  hemorrhoids. 

CHROMIDRO'SIS,  from  xpi^l^a,  'colour,'  and 
'i6pws,  '  sweet.'  Abnormous  coloration  of  the  per- 
spiratory secretion. 

CHROMOP'SIA,  Chromop'ia,  Chromatop'sia, 
Chrotop'sia,  Ohrnp'sia,  Crop'sia,  Visus  colora'tics, 
Siijfu'sio  colo'rans,  Chroop'sy,  Chromop'sy,  L'ides'- 
cent  Elision,  from  xpu/^a,  'and  o^ii,  'vision.'  A 
state  of  vision  in  which  a  colored  impression,  as 
of  the  rainbow,  is  made  on  the  retina.  Said  to 
be  occasionally  observed  in  jaundice. 

CHRONIC,  Chron'icus,  Chro'inus,  Polychro'- 
nius,  Iiiveteru'tus,  Anti'quus,  (F.)  Chronique,  from 
Xpovos,  '  time.'     Of  long  duration. 

Chronic  Diseases,  Morbi  chron'ici,  Macro- 
nos'icB,  Macro'si<B,  (F.)  Maladies  Chroniques,  are 
those  whose  duration  is  long,  or  whose  symptoms 
proceed  slowly.    The  antithesis  to  chronic  is  acute. 

CHRONIC'"ITY,  Chronic"itas,  (P.)  Chronicite. 
The  state  of  a  chronic  malady. 

CHRONIQUE,  Chronic. 

CHRONO,  from  xpi>voi,  'time.'  A  prefix  to 
terms  denoting  inflammation  of  a  part,  to  show 
that  such  inflammation  is  chronic. — Piorry. 

CHRONOGYNIA,  Menstruation. 

GHRONO-HEPATITE,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

CHRONO-NEPHRJTE,  Nephritis  (chronic.) 

CHRONO-THERMAL,  from  XP"^"^'  'time,' 
and  ^cpfiri  'heat.'  Relating  to  time  and  tempe- 
rature. An  epithet  given  to  a  fanciful 'system' 
by  Dr.  Samuel  Dickson,  which  maintains,  that 
there  can  be  no  increase  or  diminution  of  tempe- 
rature without  motion  ;  no  motion  without  time; 
that  motion  consists  in  attraction  and  repulsion  ; 
that  attraction  and  repulsion  are  peculiar  to  elec- 
tric action ;  and  hence,  that  medicines  must 
change  the  motions  of  the  system,  and  be  electri- 
cal in  their  operation. 

CHROOPSY,  Chromopsia. 

CHROTOPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CHRUPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CHRYSALEA,  Nitro-muriatic  acid. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM,  Calendula  officinalis. 

Chrysan'themum  Leucan'themum,  from  xpv- 
o-of,  'gold,'  and  av^enov,  'a  flower.'  The  Ox-eye 
daisy,  Daisy,  Whiteweed,  Goldens,  Maudlinwort, 
Bellis  major  seu  praten'sis,  Bupthal'mum  majus, 
Leucan'themum  vidga're  seu  Bellidioi'des,  Ma- 
trica'ria,  Consol'ida  media,  Oc'idus  Bovis,  (F.) 
Chrysantheme,  Chrysene,  Grand  3fargueritc  des 
pres.  Ore/.  Compositae.  The  flowers  and  herb  are 
slightly  acrid;  and  were  once  used  in  pulmonary 
diseases. 

Chrysanthemum  Parthenium,  Matricaria  par- 
thenium. 

CHRY'SE,  from  xP'"""^'  'gold.'  The  name  of 
a  yellow  plaster,  described  by  Paulus  of  ^^gina, 
and  composed  of  thus,  alum,  lead,  colophony, 
resin,  oil,  and  orpiment,  boiled  in  vinegar. 

CHR  F.S'ii'iVi'jChrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

CHRYSITIS,  see  Plumbi  oxidum  semivitreum. 

CHRYSOBALANUS  GALENI,  see  Myristica 
mosehnta. 

CHRYSOCALIS,  Matricaria. 

CHRYSOCHALCOS,  Brass. 


CHRYSOCOLLA 


203 


CHYMIATRIA 


CHRYSOCOLLA,  Boras.  1 

CHRYSOCOMA,  Millefolium. 

CHRYSOLACHANUM,  Chenopodium  bonus 
Henricus. 

CHRYSOL'ITHUS,  Chrys'oUte,  from  XP"""^' 
'gold,'  and  Xi^os,  'stone.'  A  precious  stone,  of 
a  golden  colour,  regarded  by  the  ancients  as  car- 
diac, cephalic,  &c. 

CHRYSOMELIA,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

CHRYSOPHYLLUM  BURANHEM, 
Monesia. 

CHRYSOPHYL'LUM  CAINI'TO,  from  XP''<^°s. 
*  gold,'  and  ^vXAoi',  '  a  leaf.'  Cainito,  Siderox'- 
ylon,  Broad-leaved  Star-apple.  A  tree  of  the 
Antilles,  Ord.  Sapotacese,  which  produces  one 
of  the  best  fruits  of  the  country.  There  are  seve- 
ral varieties  of  it. 

Chbysophyllum  Glyciphl^um,  Monesia. 

CHRYSOPDS,  Cambogia, 

CHRYSOS,  Gold. 

CHRYSOSPERMUM,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

CHRYZA  FIBRAUREA,  Coptis. 

CHTHONOPHA'GIA,  Cachex'ia  Africa'na, 
Ifala'cia  sen  Pica  Africano'rum,  Leucophlegmn' - 
tia  seu  Chloro'sis  ^thio'pum,  Dirt-eating,  (F.) 
3Ial  d'Esfoinac  from  %9mv,  'earth,'  and  0ayu>,  'I 
eat.'  A  disorder  of  the  nutritive  functions  ob- 
served amongst  the  negroes  of  the  South  and  of 
the  West  Indies,  in  which  there  is  an  irresistible 
desire  to  eat  dirt.  It  is  accompanied  by  most  of 
the  signs  of  chlorosis. 

The  Ottomacs  on  the  Orinoco,  and  the  natives 
of  portions  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  territory,  are 
Chthonoph'agi  or  '  earth  eaters.'  The  earth  is  a 
form  of  steatite. 

CHU,  Ghoa  or  Chits,  x^^Sf  Ohocus.  A  liquid 
measure  amongst  the  Greeks,  answering  to  the 
Gongius  of  the  Romans,  and  containing  six  sex- 
tarii,  or  twelve  Attic  cotylae,  or  nine  pints. — 
Galen. 

CHUMOSIS,  Chemosis. 

CHURNMILK,  Buttermilk. 

CHURRUS,  see  Bangue. 

CHUTE,  Prolapsus  —  c.  dn  Fondement,  Proc- 
tocele— c.  de  la  Matrice,  Procidentia  uteri— c.  des 
Oeiifs,  see  Parturition  —  c.  du  Rectum,  Proctocele. 

CHYLAIRE,  Chylous. 

CHYLAR,  Chylous. 

CHYLARION,  Chyle. 

CHYLE,  Ghi/lus,  Succus  nutrit"ius,  from  x^'^> 
'Iflow.'  The  word,  in  Hippocrates,  means  Tisane 
or  Decoction  of  Barley,  Ghyla'rion,  ;^tiXapiov.  Ga- 
len first  used  it  in  its  present  sense  : — i.  e.  for  a 
nutritive  fluid,  extracted  by  intestinal  absorp- 
tion, from  food  which  has  been  subjected  to 
the  action  of  the  digestive  organs.  It  is  of  a 
whitish  appearance;  and  is  formed  from  the  chyme 
in  the  duodenum,  and  the  rest  of  the  small  intes- 
tines, by  the  chyliferous  vessels,  which  arise  at  the 
mucous  surface  of  the  intestine.  Along  these  it 
passes  through  the  mesenteric  glands  to  the  tho- 
racic duct,  and  is  finally  poured  into  the  left  sub- 
clavian. It  is  composed,  like  the  blood,  of  a  fluid 
• — liquor  chyli — and  of  Chyle  corpuscles  or  glo- 
bules, the  average  size  of  which  is  about  l-4600th 
of  an  inch.     See  Chyme. 

Chyle  Corpuscles,  see  Chyle. 

OHYLEUX,  Chylous. 

CHYLIF'EROUS,  Chy'lifer,  Ghyliferus,  Ghy- 
loph'orus,  (F.)  Chylifere,  from  chylus,'  chyle,'  and 
ferre,  '  to  carry.'     Chyle-bearing. 

Chylip'erous  Vessels,  Vasa  Chylif'era  seu 
Ghylof  era,  Via  chyli f  era,  Vence  lactece,  Vasa 
Inctea,  Lacteals,  (F.)  Vaisseaux  cJiyliferes,  V. 
Lactes.  Vessels  which  convey  the  chyle  from 
the  intestines  to  the  thoracic  duet.  They  have 
also  been  called  galactoph' orons  vessels. 

CHYLIFICATION,  Ghylifica'tio,  Chylo'sis, 
Chylopoe'sis,    Prcepara'tio    chyli,    from    chylus, 


'  chyle,'  and  facere,  '  to  make.'  Formation  of 
chyle  during  the  digestive  processes.  It  has,  at 
times,  been  applied  to  the  changes  produced  on 
the  aliment  in  the  small  intestine  ;  but  is  now 
restricted  to  the  act  of  forming  chyle  at  the  ra- 
dicles of  the  chyliferous  vessels. 

CHYLINE.  Cyclamen. 

CHYLISMA,  Succus  expressus. 

CHYLIS'MUS,  from  xv>^os,  'juice.'  The  act 
of  expressing  the  juice  of  vegetables,  &c. 

CHYLOCYSTIS,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

CHYLODES,  Chvlous. 

CHYLODIABETES,  Chyluria. 

CHYLODIARRHCEA,  Coeliac  flux. 

CHYLODOCHIUM,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

CHYLOG'RAPHY,  from  x^^«s,  'chyle,'  and 
ypa(pri,  '  a  description.'  A  description  of  the  ana- 
tomy, <fec.,  of  the  chyliferous  vessels. 

CHYLOPOESIS,  Chyliflcation. 

CHYLOPOET'IC,  Chylopoet'icus,  Chylopoeus, 
from  ;^uAo?,  '  chyle,'  and  nouw,  '  I  make.'  Re- 
lating to  or  connected  with  the  formation  of  chyle. 
Chiefly  applied  to  the  organs  immediately  con- 
cerned in  it ;  as  the  stomach,  intestines,  omenta, 
and  mesentery.  Assistant  Chylopoetic:  —  ap- 
plied to  viscera  which  aid  in  the  formation  of 
chyle,  as  the  liver  aud  pancreas. 

CHYLORRHCEA,  Cceliac  flux  — c.  Pectoris, 
Chylothorax  —  c.  Renalis,  Chyluria — c.  Urinalis, 
Chyluria. 

CHYLOSIS,  Chyliflcation. 

CHYLOSTAG'MA  D  lAPHORET'ICUM 
MINDERE'RI.  {x.'''><'>s>  'juice,'  and  ara^ia,  'I 
distil.')  A  compound  prepared  by  distilling  the 
theriac  o/Andromachus,  the  mithridote  q/"Damo- 
crates,  and  other  alexipharmies,  &c.  It  is  nearly 
the  same  preparation  as  the  Aqua  Theriaca'lia 
Bezoar'dica. 

CHYLOTHO'RAX,PZe»rorr^ce'a  cTirjlo'sa,  Ghy- 
lorrhce'a  Pec'toris,  Hydrotho'rax  chylo'sus  ;  from 
X^^og,  '  chyle,'  and  dupa^,  '  the  chest.' — Effusion 
of  chyle  into  the  chest,  owing  to  the  rupture  of  a 
chyliferous  vessel. 

CHYLOUS,  Chylar,  Chylo'sus  sen  Ghyla'ris, 
Chylo'des,  (F)  Chylenx,  Chylaire.  Relating  to 
the  chyle;  or  having  some  analogy  to  that  fluid. 

CHYLU'RIA,  Diahe'tes  lac'tens  seu  chylo'sus, 
Ghylodiahe' tcs,  Galactu'ria,  Fluxus  cceliacus  per 
Renes,  Pyn'ria  lac'tea  seu  Ghylo'sa,  Coeliaca  uri- 
na'lis  seu  rena'lis,  Chylorrhoe'a  urina'Us  seu  re- 
na'lis,  from  ;\;i>Xos,  '  chyle,'  and  ovpov,  'urine.'  (F.) 
Diabete  chyleux.  A  discharge  of  milky  urine, 
without  any  apparent  lesion  of  the  kidneys  or 
bladder. 

CHYLUS,  Chyle,  Decoction,  Succus. 

CHYME,  Chynins,  X"H°!'  'juice,'  from  ;^vu,  '  I 
flow.'  The  pulp,  formed  by  the  food,  mixed  with 
the  supra-diaphragmatic  and  gastric  secretions, 
after  it  has  been  for  some  time  in  the  stomach. 
In  this  it  continues  until  it  reaches  the  biMary 
and  pancreatic  ducts,  which  open  into  the  duo- 
denum, where  the  conversion  into  chj'le  occurs, 
which  is  absorbed  by  the  chj'liferous  vessels, — the 
excrementitious  portion  of  the  food  traversing  the 
large  intestine  to  be  evacuated  per  anum.  Cas- 
telli  asserts,  that  Chyme  and  Chyle  were  used  in 
an  opposite  sense  by  the  ancients,  to  that  ac- 
cepted at  present. 

CHYML  Humours. 

CHYMIA,  Chymistry — c.  Organiea,  Chymis- 
try.  organic — c.  Pharmaceutica,  see  Chymistry. 

CHYMIA'TER,  Chimia'ter,  Chemia'ter,  from 
Xvtucta  or  xvyii-a,  'chymistry,'  and  tarpo;,  '  a  phy- 
sician,' latro-chyni'icus.     A  chemical  physician. 

CHYMIATRI'A,  Chimiatri'a,  Chemiairi'a, 
latro-ehemi' a,  3Ted!ci'na  spngyr'ica,  Ars  Chymi- 
at'rica,  (F.)  Chimidtrie,  Chimisme  (of  some),  from 
X^iiua  or  xniiua,  'chymistry,'  and  tarpua,  'cure.' 
The  art  of  curing  by  chemical  means. 


CHYMICAL 


204 


CICERBITA 


CHYM'ICAL,  Chem'icnl,  Cheju'ieus,  Chemo'- 
tieus.  A  medicine  formed  by  the  aid  of  chymis- 
try,  in  contradistinction  to  Galenical. 

CHYM'ICO-HISTOL'OG  Y,  Cliym'ico-hhtolog'- 
ia,  Chem'ico-histol'ogy.  The  doctrine  of  the  or- 
ganic chemistry  and  morphology  of  tissues. 

CHYMICOPHANTA,  Chymist. 

CHYMICUS,  Chymical,  Chymist. 

CHYMIE,  Chymistry. 

CHYMIFICA'TION,  Chymifica'tio,  Chymo'- 
sis,  from  X"!^"^'  'J^i"^^/  ^^^  facere,  *  to  make.' 
Formation  of  chyme. 

CHY3IISM,  Chymism'us,  Chemism'us,  (F.) 
Chimieme.  The  abuse  of  chymistry  in  its  appli- 
cation to  the  science  of  organized  bodies.  By 
some  used  synonymously  with  Chymiatria.  Also, 
an  account  of  the  chemical  phenomena  apper- 
taining to  a  function — as  the  ehemiemus  of  respira- 
tion. 

CIIYM'IST,  Chem'ist,  Chem'icus,  Chymico- 
phan'ta,  Chym'icus,  (F.)  Chimiste  ou  Chymiste. 
One  acquainted  with  chymistry.  In  Great  Bri- 
tain it  has,  also,  the  signification  of  "one  who 
sells  chemicals." 

CHYMTSTE,  Chymist. 

CHYM'ISTRY,  Ohem'istry,  Chemi'a,  Chymi'a, 
Gkhni'a,  Chemeu'tiee,  Chemot'ice,  Philosoph' ia pei- 
ignem,  Spagy'ria,  Pyroteeh'nia,  Pyrosoph'ia,  Ars 
hermet'ica  seu  mago'rum  seu  aepaiato'ria  seu  spa- 
gyr'ica,  Archima' gia,  from  :^tJ/^os,  'juice,'  or  from 
Arab,  chema,  '  a  secret.'  (F.)  Chiinie  ou  Chymie. 
A  branch  of  the  natural  sciences,  whose  object 
is  to  investigate  the  nature  and  properties  of 
bodies,  simple  and  compound,  inorganic  and 
organized  ;  and  to  study  the  force  or  power,  by 
virtue  of  which  every  combination  is  effected.  It 
investigates  the  action  between  the  integrant  mo- 
lecules or  atoms  of  bodies. 

Organ' ic  Chemistry,  Chymi'a  organ'ica,  Organo- 
chemi'a,  is  the  chymistry  of  organized  substances, 
—  animal  and  vegetable.  Animal  Chym'ietry, 
Zooch'emy  or  Zooch'ymy,  Zoochemi' a,  is  the  chy- 
mistry of  substances  afforded  by  the  dead  or  living 
animal  body.  This  branch  of  chymistry  has  been 
farther  subdivided  into  physiological,  when  it  con- 
siders the  changes  produced  in  organized  bodies 
in  health, — pathological,  when  it  regards  those 
produced  by  organic  or  other  diseases.  Anthro- 
poch'ymy,  Anthropochemi'a,  is  the  chymistry  of 
the  human  body.  Chymistry  is  called  Therapeu'- 
tical  or  Pharmaceu'tical,  Pharmnco-chymi'a,  Chy- 
mi'a pharmaceii'tica,  when  it  is  engaged  in  the 
analysis  of  simple  medicines ;  in  improving  the 
prescribing  and  preparing  of  chemical  and  Galeni- 
cal medicines;  in  the  means  of  preparing  them, 
and  detecting  adulterations,  &c.  Hygien'ie  Chym'- 
istry  is  that  which  is  applied  to  the  means  of 
rendering  habitations  healthy,  of  analyzing  the 
air  we  breathe,  preventing  the  occurrence  of  dis- 
ease, pointing  out  healthy  aliments,  and  apprecia- 
ting the  influence  of  professions,  &c.,  on  the  health 
of  man.  All  these  different  subdivisions,  with 
vegetable  chymistry,  are,  at  times,  included  un- 
der the  head  of  Medical  Chym'istry,  Phytochy- 
mistry  ;  at  others,  the  term  comprehends  only  the 
Animal,  Vegetable  and  Pharmaceutical  subdivi- 
sions. Vital  Chemistry,  Biochymi'a,  is  that  which 
is  exerted  under  the  influence  of  vitality.  His- 
toch'ymy,  Hietochemi' a,  Histo-chem'istry,  is  the 
chemistry  of  the  tissues,  and  Phlegmatoch' emy, 
that  of  the  animal  humours,  (Lehraann). 

Aknowledgeof  chemistry  is  of  great  importance 
to  the  physician.  Many  of  the  functions  are  of 
a  chemical  nature  :  many  diseases  require  a  che- 
mical mode  of  treatment;  and,  without  an  ac- 
quaintance with  it,  two  or  more  substances  might 
be  given  in  combination,  which,  by  forming  a 
chemical  union,  might  give  rise  to  other  com- 
pounds, possessing  very  different  virtues  from  the 


components  taken  singly,  and  thus  the  prescriber 
be  disappointed  in  the  results. 

Chymistry,  Animal,  see  Chymistry  —  c.  Hy- 
gienic, see  Chymistry — c.  Medical,  see  Chymis- 
try— c.  Organic,  see  Chymistry — c.  Pharmaceu- 
tic, see  Chymistry  —  c.  Therapeutical,  see  Chy- 
mistry—  c.  Vegetable,  see  Chymistry  —  c.  Vital, 
see  Chymistry. 

CHYMOCHEZIA,  Coeliac  flux. 

CHYMOPLA'NIA,  (G.)  Chymoplanien, 
Dyschymosen,  from  x^i'"^'  'j^^'ce,'  and  irXavi;, 
'  wandering.'  A  transposition  of  secretions  :  —  a 
family  of  diseases  in  the  classification  of  Fuchs, 
which  includes  icterus,  uroplania,  menoplania 
and  galactoplania. 

CHYMORRHCEA,  Coeliac  flux,  Lientery. 

CHYMOSIN,  Pepsin. 

CHYMOSIS,  Chemosis,  Chymification. 

CHYMOUS,  Chymo'sus,  (F.)  Chymeux.  Re- 
lating to,  or  resembling  chyme. 

CHYMOZEMIA,  Hypercrinia. 

CHYTLEN,  RADIX.  A  cylindrical  root,  bitter 
and  inodorous,  brought  from  China.  It  is  held 
by  the  Chinese  to  be  stomachic. — Murray. 

CHYT'LON,  ;i^t;rXoi',  from  x^*^'  '  ^  pour  out.' 
A  liquid  formerly  used  for  rubbing  the  body  after 
bathing. 

CIBARIUM,  Aliment. 

CIBARIOUS,  Esculent. 

CIBA'RIUS  PANIS,  '  Coarse  bread.'  Bread 
made  of  second  flour. — Celsus. 

CIBA'TIO.  Trojihe.  The  taking  of  food.  In 
Pharmacy,  it  is  the  same  as  Incorporation. 

CIBUS,  Aliment — c.  Albus,  Blancmanger — c. 
Deorum,  Asafoetida. 

CICATRICE,  Cicatrix. 

CICATRICES  OVARIORUM,  Stigmata  ova- 
riorum. 

CICATRIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  Cicatrix.  A 
small  cica'trix.  Stigma,  (F.)  Cicatrictile.  The 
term  is,  also,  applied  to  a  small  white  spot,  called 
the  tread,  chal'aza,  chola'zium,  observable  at  the 
surface  of  a  fecundated  egg.     See  Molecule. 

CICATRISAN'TIA,  Epnlot'ica,  Symdot'ica, 
Apulot'icn,  Catulot'ica,  Ulot'ica,{F.)  Oicatrisants. 
Remedies  formerly  considered  to  be  capable  of 
producing  cicatrization. 

CICA'TRIX,  Cceca'frix,  Ule,  Oide,  Cie'atrice, 
from  ccBcare,  'to  conceal,'  because  it  conceals  the 
the  wound.  (F.)  Cicatrice.  A  scar.  A  seam, 
(Sc.)  Arr.  The  union  of  parts,  which  have  been 
divided.  A  scar  or  formation,  of  a  reddish  colour, 
afterwards  whitish,  and  of  variable  thickness, 
which  takes  place  at  the  surface  of  wounds  or 
ulcers  after  their  cure.  A  cicatrix  may  vary  much 
in  shape,  consistence,  and  thickness.  The  cica- 
trix of  a  bone  is  called  Callus.  A  vic"ions  cica'- 
trix, (F.)  Cicatrice  vicieuse,  is  one  which  inter- 
feres with  the  action  of  the  parts  on  which  it 
occurs.  The  scars,  (F.)  Ooiitnres,  after  small-pox, 
are  called  Pits  or  Pock-marks,  (Sc.)  Pock-arrs, 
(F.)  Coutures  par  la  petite  verole.    See  Pock-mark. 

CicATKix  Variola.  Pock-mark. 

CICATRIZA'TION,  Oicatrisa'tio,  Epulo'sis, 
Synulo'sis.  The  process  by  which  a  cicatrix  is 
formed.  Every  tissue,  except  the  nails,  epider- 
mis, hair,  and  enamel  is,  probably,  capable  of 
cicatrization. 

CICELY,  SWEET,  Chserophyllum  odoratum, 
Osmorrhiza  longistylis,  Seandix  odorata. 

CICER  ARIETI'NUM.  The  Cicer  plant,  Ere- 
hin'thus,  (F.)  Cicerole,  Pais  Chiche,  Garvance, 
Pesette.  The  seeds  are  ground  into  flour,  and 
used  as  bread  in  some  countries. 

Cicer  Lens,  Ervum  lens. 

CI'CERA  TAR'TARL  Small  pills  of  turpen- 
tine and  cream  of  tartar  —  of  the  size  of  a  vetch 
or  cicer. 

CICERBITA,  Sonchus  oleraceus. 


C  ICE  ROLE 


205 


CILIARY 


CTCEROLE,  Cicer  arietinum. 

CICHO'RIUM  ENDIV'IA.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Endive,  Eadiv'ia,  Endi'va,  In'tuhum, 
Tn'tyhiim  {Antiq.),  Scariola,  Iii'tybus  horten'sis, 
(P.)  OhicorSe  des  Jardins,  Scariole.  Ord.  Cicho- 
raceffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  asqua- 
lis.  It  is  a  common  pot  herb,  and  is  eaten  as 
salad. 

CicHo'rium  In'tybus,  Seris,  Seriola,  In'tiibiim 
errat'icum.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Wild 
Siic'cory,  Wild  Cich'ory,  Cich'ory,  Chic'ory,  Wild 
Endive,  Ainbitlei'a,  Heliotro' pion,  Catanan'ce, 
Cicko'reum,  (F.)  Chicoree  snuuage.  It  is  bitter, 
and  was  once  given  as  a  tonic.  The  root,  roasted 
and  ground,  is  often  used  instead  of,  or  mixed 
vrith,  coffee. 

CICHORY,  Cichorium  intybus— c.  AVUd,  Cicho- 
rium  intybus. 

CICI,  Ricinus  communis. 

CICINDE'LA,  Lam'pyris  Noctihi'ca,  Nited'- 
ida.  The  Glow-worm.  (F.)  Ver  luisnnt.  This 
insect  was  once  thought  to  be  anodyne  and  lithon- 
triptic. 

CICIS,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

CICON'GIUS;  an  ancient  measure,  containing 
12  pints. 

CICUTA,  Conium  maculatum. 

CiCu'tA  Aquat'ica,  C.  viro'sa,  Cicuta'riaaqnat'- 
ica,  Corian'drum  cieu'ta,  Water  Hemlock,  Cow- 
bane,  (F.)  Ciyue  aquatique  ou  virense,  Gicutaire 
aqnatiqiie.  Family,  Umbelliferas.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  A  violent  poison,  often 
eaten  by  mistake  for  Wild  Smalhige,  Apliim 
Graveolens.  It  produces  tremors,  vertigo,  burn- 
ing at  the  stomach,  and  all  the  symptoms  occa- 
sioned by  the  Narcotico-acrid  class  of  poisons. 

Cicu'ta  Macdla'ta,  (F.)  Cigue  d'Amerique, 
American  xoater  hemlock,  American  Hemlock, 
Snakeweed,  Death  of  man.  Water  parsley,  Poison 
root,  Wild  Hemlock,  Children's  bane.  Spotted 
Cowbane,  is  analogous  in  botanical  character  and 
medical  properties  to  the  European  species.  See 
Conium  maculatum. 

CicuTA  Major,  Conium  maculatum — c.  Major 
foetida,  Conium  maculatum — c.  Stoerkii,  Conium 
maculatum — c.  Terrestris,  Conium  maculatum — 
c.  Virosa,  Cicuta  aquatica — c.  Vulgaris,  Conium 
maculatum. 

CICUTA  [RE  AQUATIQUE,  Cicuta  aquatica. 

CICUTARIA,  Chserophyllum  sylvestre  — c. 
Aquatica,  Cicuta  aquatica,  Phellandrium  aquati- 
cum — c.  Odorata,  Chserophyllum  odoratum. 

CICUTINE,  see  Conium. 

CIDER,  Poma'ceum,  (F.)  Cidre.  This  word 
is  said  to  have  been  formerly  written  sidre,  and 
to  have  come  from  Sic' era,  ciKcpa,  which  signifies 
any  kind  of  fermented  liquor  other  than  wine. 
It  is  made  from  the  juice  of  apples,  and,  when 
good,  is  a  wholesome  drink. 

CIDRE,  Cider. 

CIERGE  DE  NOTRE  DA3IE,  Verbaseum 
thapsus. 

CIGAR',  Cigar'ra,  (S.)  Cigarro,  (F.)  Cigare. 
A  small  tubular  roll  of  tobacco,  used  for  smoking. 

Medic" inal  or  Med'icated  Cigars,  (F.)  Cigares 
Medieinaux,  are  made  of  dried  plants,  with,  or 
without,  the  addition  of  medicinal  articles.  When 
rolled  in  paper,  they  form  cigarettes,  which  may 
be  used  with  or  without  combustion,  as  in  the 
case  of  the  Cigarettes  de  Camphre.  The  Ciga- 
rettes arsenicales  de  Boudin  are  made  of  paper 
impregnated  with  an  aqueous  solution  of  arse- 
nious  acid,  or  of  arseniate  of  soda,  and  dried. 

CIGARETTE,  see  Cigar— c.  Ars6nicale  de 
Bniidin,  see  Cigar — c.  de  Camphre,  see  Cigar. 

CIGARRA,  Cigar. 

CIGNUS  ;  an  ancient  measure,  which  contained 
about  two  drachms. 


CIGUE  AQUATIQUE,  Cicuta  aquatica  — c. 
d'Amerique,  Cicuta  maculata — e.  d'Eaii,  Phellan- 
drium aquaticum — c.  Grande,  Conium  maculatum 
— c.  Ordinaire,  Conium  maculatum — c.  Officinale, 
Conium — c.  Petite,  ^thusa  cynapium — c.  Vireuse, 
Cicuta  aquatica. 

CIL'IA  (singular  Cilium),  Blephar'ides,  Epi- 
coe'lides,  Pili  palpebra'rtim.  The  eyelashes,  (Sc.) 
Winkers.  The  hairs  on  the  eyelids.  (F.)  Cils. 
Their  use  seems  to  be,  to  prevent  the  entrance 
into  the  eye  of  light  bodies  flying  in  the  atmo- 
sphere; and  to  diminish,  in  certain  cases,  the  in- 
tensity of  light.  Also,  the  tarsi.  Also,  a  pecu- 
liar sort  of  moving  organs,  resembling  small 
hairs,  vi'bratory  or  vi'bratile  cil'ia,  Cil'in  vibra- 
to'ria,  (F.)  Cils  vibratils,  which  are  visible  with- 
the  microscope  in  many  animals.  These  oro-ans 
are  found  on  parts  of  the  body  which  are  habit- 
ually in  contact  with  water,  or  other  more  or  les.s 
fluid  matters,  and  produce  motion  in  these  fluids, 
impelling  them  along  the  surface  of  the  parts. 
Cilia  have  been  found  to  exist  in  all  vertebrated 
animals  except  fishes,  having  been  discovered  on 
the  respiratory,  uterine,  and  other  membranes 
of  mammalia,  birds,  and  reptiles. 

The  terms  '^vibratory  motion"  and  '^ciliary 
motion"  have  been  used  to  express  the  pheno- 
mena exhibited  by  the  moving  cilia;  and  it  is  pro- 
bable, that  this  motion  is  concerned  in  the  pro- 
gression of  fluids  along  the  membranes.  As  yet, 
the  motion  has  only  been  observed  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  outlets  of  canals. 

CILIA  IRE,  Ciliary. 

CIL'IARY,  Cilia'ris,  (F.)  Ciliaire.  Relating 
to  the  eyelashes,  or  to  cilia.  This  epithet  has" 
also,  been  applied  to  diS'erent  parts,  which  enter 
into  the  structure  of  the  ej'e;  from  the  resem- 
blance between  some  of  them  {the  ciliary  pro- 
cesses) and  the  eyelashes. 

Ciliary  Ar'teries,  Arte' ria  cilia'res,  (V.)  Ar- 
teres  ciliaires.  These  are  furnished  by  the  oph- 
thalmic artery.  They  are  distinguished  into,  1. 
Short  or  posterior  [Art.  uveales — Chauss.)  ."0  or 
40  in  number,  which  are  distributed  to  the  ciliary 
processes.  2.  Long,  (Art.  Iriennes  of  Cbauss.,) 
two  in  number,  which,  by  the  anastomoses  of 
their  branches,  form  two  arterial  circles  at  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  iris:  and,  3.  The  anterior 
Arte'ricB  cilia'res  anterio'res  of  Haller,  the  num- 
ber of  which  is  variable.  These  pierce  the  scle- 
rotic a  few  lines  from  its  union  with  the  cornea- 
and  are  principally  distributed  to'  the  iris. 

Ciliary  Body,  Corpus  CHia're,  Nexus  S/amiit'- 
ens  Oc'nii,  Coro'na  Cilia'ris,  Ciliary  Disc,  (F.) 
Corps  ciliaire.  A  ring  of  the  choroid  surround- 
ing the  crystalline  in  the  manner  of  a  crown  ; 
placed  behind  the  iris  and  the  ciliary  circle.  It 
resembles  the  disk  of  a  radiated  flower,  and  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  ciliary  processes. 
See  Ciliary  Muscle. 

Ciliary  Canal,  Canal  of  Fonfa'na.  A  small, 
extremely  narrow  circular  space,  formed  between 
the  ciliary  circle,  the  cornea,  and  the  sclerotica. 
It  can  be  filled  with  injection,  and  it  is  not  cer- 
tain that  it  is  not  the  cavity  of  a  blood-vessel. 

Ciliary  Circle,  Ciliary  ligament  —  c.  Disc 
Ciliary  body— c.  Ganglion,  Ophthalmic  gan£,-lion! 
Ciliary  Lig'ament,  C.  Circle  or  Ring,  \ig<i. 
men'tnm  seu  Instertit"iurn  cilia're  seu  I'ridis 
Plexus  cilia'ris,  An'nnlus  seu  Cir'culus  sen  Qr- 
bic'uhis   cilia'ris,   A.  cellnlo'sns,    Coni'niiss-jire   of 

the  Uvea,  (F.)  Commissure  de  la  Choro'ide ''Ch.), 

Ligament  ou  Cercle  ciliaire,  Cercle  de  la''  Cho- 
roule,  Ceinture  blanche  de  la  Choro'ide.  A  species 
of  greyish  ring,  of  a  pulpy  consistence,  situate 
between  the  choroid,  iris,  and  sclerotica.  The 
internal  surface  of  the  choroid  is  uniform,  until 
it  approaches  within  ten  lines  and  a  half  of  the 
edge  of  the  cornea;  here  a  dentated  line  is  ob- 


CILIATED 


20G 


CINCHONA 


served,  termed  ora  serra'ta.  The  onter  surface 
presents  the  an'ntdus  al'bidu«  seu  gangUform'is, 
the  anterior  edge  of  which  unites  to  the  inner 
surface  of  the  sclerotica  and  constitutes  the  cili- 
ary ligament. 

Cil'iary  or  Tarsal  Margin  of  the  eyelids; 
(F.)  Bord  ciliaire.  The  edge  in  which  the  cilia 
or  eyelashes  are  situate. 
Ciliary  Motion,  see  Cilia. 
Ciliary  Muscle,  Mm'culns  ciUa'ris.  The 
part  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  in  the  vici- 
nity of  the  ciliary  margin.  Also,  the  greyish, 
semi-transparent  structure  behind  the  ciliary 
ligament  and  covering  the  outside  of  the  ciliary 
body.  By  its  contraction  the  ciliary  processes, 
and  with  them  the  lens,  must  be  drawn  towards 
the  cornea.  It  appears  to  be  the  same  muscle  as 
the  Tensor  choroidem,  P ro' trahens  lentis,  or  cho- 
roid muscle  of  some  anatomists. 

Ciliary  Nerves  {Nerfs  Iriens, — Chauss.),  (F.) 
Nerfs  ciliaires.  These  are  12  to  16  in  number. 
They  arise  from  the  nasal  nerve,  and  particu- 
larly from  the  anterior  part  of  the  ophthalmic 
ganglion ;  and  unite  in  two  fasciculi,  which  pass 
around  the  optic  nerve,  and  pierce  the  sclerotica 
near  the  entrance  of  that  nerve  into  the  eye. 
They  are  lost  in  the  ciliary  ligament. 
Ciliary  Plexus,  C.  Ligament. 
Ciliary  Proc"esses,  Proees'sns  sen  Rad'ii 
seu  Strim  cilia' res,  (F.)  Proces  ciliaires,  Rayons 
sous-iriens  —  (Ch.).  Triangular  folds,  sixty  or 
eighty  in  number,  placed  at  the  side  of  each  other, 
and  radiating,  so  as  to  resemble  the  disk  of  a 
radiated  flower.  They  are  lodged  in  depressions 
at  the  anterior  part  of  the  vitreous  humour.  The 
uses  of  these  processes  are  not  known. 
Ciliary  Ring,  Ciliary  ligaments 
Ciliary  Stri^  are  numerous  pale,  radiated 
striffi  in  the  posterior  portion  of  the  Corpus  cili- 
are,  but  so  covered  by  the  Pigmentum  nigrum  as 
not  to  be  distinctly  seen  till  the  paint  is  removed. 
The  ciliary  processes  are  formed  by  these  striae. 

Ciliary  Veins,  (F.)  Veines  ciliaires,  follow 
nearly  the  same  course  as  the  arteries.  In  the 
choroid  they  are  so  tortuous,  that  they  have  re- 
ceived the  name  Vasa  vortico'ea.  They  open  into 
the  ophthalmic  vein. 

Ciliary  Zone,  Zona  seu  Zo'nida  seu  Lam'ina 
CiUa'ris,  Memhran' nla  Coro'ixB  CiUa'ris.  Under 
the  corpus  ciliare,  the  capsule  of  the  vitreous 
humour  sends  off  an  external  lamina,  which  ac- 
companies the  retina,  and  is  inserted,  with  it, 
into  the  forepart  of  the  capsule  of  the  lens,  a 
little  before  its  anterior  edge.  This  is  the  Zonula 
eiliaris,  Zonula  Zin'nii  or  Zonula  of  Zinn,  Co- 
ro'na  CiUa'ris,  Orbia'ulus  CiUa'ris.  It  is  of  a 
striated  appearance  and  circular  form,  and  assists 
in  fixing  the  lens  to  the  vitreous  humour. 

CIL'IATED,  Cilia'tus,  (F.)  Cilie,  from  cilia. 
Provided  with  cilia  —  as  "ciliated  epithelium," 
the  epithelium  to  which  vibratory  cilia  are  at- 
tached. 

CILIUM,  see  Cilia. 
CILLEMENT,  Nictation. 

CILLO.     A  name  given  by  some  authors   to 
those  whose  upper  eyelid  is  perpetually  tremu- 
lous ; — a  trembling,  which  in  some  cases  is  called 
Life's  Mood.     "  To  have  life's  blood  in  the  eye," 
in  other  words,  is  to  have  this  affection.     Vogel 
calls  it  Cillo'sis. 
CILLOSIS,  Cillo. 
GILS,  Cilia — c.  Vibratils,  see  Cilia. 
CIMEX,  C.   leciula'rius,  Acan'thia  lectula'ria, 
Koris,  (copif.     The  Bug ;   Wall,  House  or  Bed  Bug 
or  Chinche.    (F.)  Punaise.    Six  or  seven  of  these, 
given  internally,  are  said  to  have  prevented  ague! 
There  is  scarcely  anything  which  is  sufiBciently 
disgusting,  that  has  not  been  exhibited  for  this 


purpose,  and  with  more  or  less  success.  The  bug 
has  also  been  esteemed  emmenagogue. 

CIMICIFUGA,  Actsea  racemosa. 

CIMO'LIA  PURPURES'CENS,  Terra  Sapo- 
na'ria  seu  FuUon'ica,  Fuller's  Earth.  A  com- 
pact bolar  earth,  employed  in  the  arts.  Used  at 
times  as  a  cooling  application  to  inflamed  nip- 
ples, <fec. 

Cimo'lia  Terra,  Cimo'lia  alba,  Cimo'lus,  Smec- 
tis,  Smectris;  from  K«/<wXoj,  an  island  in  the  Cre- 
tan Sea,  where  it  is  procured.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  an  astringent,  <fcc.- — Scribonius  Largus, 
Pliny.     Probably,  the  same  as  the  last. 

CINA  CINA,  Cinchona — c.  Levantica,  Arte- 
misia Santonica. 

CINABARIS,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

CINABARIUM,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

CIN'ABRA,  Grasus.  The  smell  of  a  he-goat. 
A  rank  smell,  like  that  of  the  armpit,  Hircus 
ala'rtim. 

CINABRE,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrura. 

CIN^DIA,  Masturbation. 

CINARA  HORTENSIS,  Cynara  scolymus— c. 
Scolymus,  Cynara  scolymus. 

CINCHO'NA.  So  called  from  the  Spanish 
Viceroy's  lady,  the  Countess  de  Cinehon,  who 
was  cured  of  fever  by  it  at  Lima,  about  1638. 
Called  also  Cortex  seu  Pulois  Jesuit' icus,  Jesniia 
Bark  or  Poicder,  Cortex  Patrum,  because  it  was 
introduced  into  Europe  by  the  Jesuits;  also  Pul- 
vis  Comitis'scB  or  the  Countess's  Powder,  and  Car- 
dinal del  Lugo's  Powder,  Cortex  Cardina'lis  de 
Lugo,  because  he  introduced  it  at  Rome  ;  and  in 
France,  Talbor's  Powder  and  English  remedy, 
because  successfully  used  there  by  Sir  Robert 
Talbor,  who  kept  it  a  secret.  It  is  the  pharma- 
copoeial  name  of  several  kinds  of  barks  from 
various  species  of  Cinchona,  from  the  western 
coast  of  South  America.  Order,  Cinchonaceae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogj'nia.  Called,  also, 
Cortex,  Bark,  Peruvian  Bark,  Cortex  Chinee  seu 
China,  Chinchi'na,  Paloa  de  Calentura,  Kina 
Kina,  (Bark  of  Barks,)  Kinki' na,  Cina  Cina, 
Quina  Quina,  Quinqui'na,  Magnum  Dei  donum, 
(F.)  Quinquina ;  and  in  Peru  Cascara  and  Cas- 
carilln.     See  Cascara. 

Cinchona  Amygdalifolia,  see  Cinchonas  cor- 
difolife  cortex — c.  Boliviana,  see  Cinchona  cor- 
difoliae  cortex — c.  Calisaya,  see  Cinchonaj  cordi- 
folife  cortex  —  c.  Micrantha,  see  Cinchonae  cordi- 
foliffi  cortex — c.  Ofiicinalis  (Cortex  Flavus),  Cin- 
chonae cordifoliae  cortex  —  c.  Pallida,  Cinchonae 
lancifoliiB  cortex — c.  Ovata,  see  Cinchonse  cordi- 
foliae cortex  —  c.  Pitaya,  Pitaya  bark  —  c.  Pubes- 
cens,  see  Cinchonae  cordifoliae  cortex  —  c.  Scro- 
bicula,  see  Cinchonae  cordifoliae  cortex — c.  of  Vir- 
ginia, Magnolia  glauca. 

Cincho'n^  Carib^e'^  Cortex,  from  Exos- 
tem'ma  Carihm' um,  Cariba'an  or  Saint  Lucia 
Bark,  (F.)  Ecorce  de  Saint  Lucie,  Quinquina 
Piton,  from  Exoste'ma  floribund'nm ;  and  the 
Pitaya  Bark,  Quinquina  bi'color,  from  an  exos- 
tema  [?]  or  from  strychnos  pseudoquina  [?],  are 
useful  substitutes  for  the  cinchona  of  Peru.  These 
are  the  most  important  spurious  barks.  They 
contain  neither  quinia  nor  cinchonia. 

Cinchona  Cordifo'lijE  Cortex,  Cortex  flavwt, 
Cinchonm  officina' lis  cortex  flavus,  China  re'gia 
seu  Calisay'a,  Cortex  Chinee  re'gius  seu  Jlavua 
seu  lu'teug,  Yellow  Royal  or  Calisay'a  Bark, 
(¥.)  Quinquina  jaune  ou  jaune  royal,  Calasaya. 
Odour  aromatic;  taste  strong,  bitter,  astringent. 
Not  rolled;  often  without  the  epidermis,  which 
is  very  thick  and  inert ;  light,  friable ;  fracture 
fibrous.  Active  principle  Quinia.  The  false  or 
spurious  Calisaya  barks  are  those   of  Cinchona 


CINCHONIA 


207 


CINNAMON 


Callsaya,  variety  JosepJiiana ;  C.  Boliviana,  C. 
ovata,  variety  rufinervis,  called,  in  Peru,  Caa- 
carilla  Carahaya  —  the  Carahaya  hark  of  com- 
merce ; — of  C.  scrohiculata,  two  varieties,  Ciisco 
lark  and  BarJc  of  St.  Ann;  of  0.  pubescens,  which 
furnishes  the  Cusco  or  Arica  bark;  of  C.  micran- 
tha  and  of  C.  amygdalifolia. 

Cinchona  Lancifo'li^e  Cortex,  Cortex  Peru- 
via'nus  seu  ^j«Z7i'rf»s,  Cinchona  officina'Us  cortex 
comniu'nis,  Cinchona  pallida,  Pale,  Loxa  or 
Crown  Bark,  (F.)  Quinquina  gria  de  Loxa,  Quin- 
quina Orange.  Its  odour  is  aromatic;  taste 
pleasant,  bitter,  and  astringent.  The  pieces  are 
rolled  in  double  or  single  quills.  Epidermis 
brown,  cracked;  fracture  resinous.  Internally 
of  a  cinnamon  colour.  Its  active  principle  is 
Cinchonia. 

CiNCHOx^  Oblongifo'lIvE  Cortex,  Cortex 
ruber.  Cinchonas  officina'Us  cortex  ruber.  Red 
Bark,  (F.)  Quinquina  rouge,  (Sp.)  Cascarilla  roxa 
and  C.  Colorado,  of  S.  America.  Odour  and  taste 
the  same  as  the  pale,  but  more  intense:  in  large 
flat  pieces,  solid,  heavy,  dry ;  fracture  short  and 
smooth ;  of  a  deep  brownish-red  colour.  Al- 
though this  variety  of  bark  is  assigned  to  the 
Cinchona  oblongifolia  by  some,  it  would  seem, 
that  nothing  is  certainly  known  as  to  its  source. 
Active  principles,  Cinchonia  and  Quinia. 

The  last  three  are  the  only  oflBcinal  varieties 
in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States.  There 
are  many  other  varieties,  however,  which  are 
genuine  cinchona  barks,  and  yet  have  not  been 
considered  worthy  of  an  officinal  position.  The 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  admits,  indeed.  Cin- 
chona cinerea.  Grey  hark.  Silver  hark  or  Huanuco 
or  Lima  bark,  which  is  obtained  around  Huanuco 
in  Peru,  and,  with  the  Jaen  or  Ash  bark  and  the 
Huaniilies  bark,  belongs  to  the  class  of  pale  or 
Loxa  barks.  Amongst  the  genuine  but  inferior 
barks  are  those  brought  from  the  northern  Atlan- 
tic ports  of  South  America,  which,  in  commerce, 
are  variously  called  Pitaya,  Bogota,  Carthagena, 
Maracayho,  and  Santa  Martha  barks.  The  Bo- 
gota is  also  called  Fusa  gasuga  and  Coquetla 
burk. 

All  these  barks  are  bitter,  astringent,  tonic, 
and  eminently  febrifuge.  The  yellow  bark  has 
been  thought  equal  to  any  of  the  others,  but  the 
red  contains  more  active  principle.  The  discovery 
of  their  active  principles  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant gifts  of  modern  chymistry.  Still,  in  per- 
nicious intermittents,  the  bark,  in  substance,  is 
often  demanded.  It  is  employed  in  every  disease 
in  which  there  is  deficient  tone;  but  in  cases 
where  the  stomach  is  much  debilitated,  the  pow- 
der had  better  be  avoided,  in  consequence  of  the 
woody  fibre,  which  might  disagree.  Externally, 
it  is  used  in  enemata,  gargles,  &c.,  and  in  gan- 
grenous ulcerations.  When  it  excites  nausea,  an 
aromatic  may  be  added  to  it;  if  purging,  opium; 
if  costiveness,  rhubarb,  &c.  Dose,  ^ss  to  ^j  or 
more. 

Essential  Salt  of  Bark,  as  it  is  called,  is 
an  extract,  prepared  by  macerating  the  bruised 
substance  of  bark  in  cold  water,  and  submitting 
the  infusion  to  a  very  slow  evaporation. 

CINCHONIA,  Cinchonine  —  c.  Tannate  of, 
QuinisE  et  cinchoniae  tannas. 

CINCHON'ICINE,  Cinchonici'na,  anchomc"ia. 
When  a  salt  of  cinchonia  is  exposed  to  heat,  with 
certain  precautions,  the  alkaloid  is  changed  into 
another,  isomeric  with  itself,  to  which  this  name 
has  been  given.  Cinchonieine,  and  its  sulphate, 
possess  the  same  medical  properties  as  cinchonia 
and  its  salts.     Dose,  gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

CINCH'ONINE,  Cinchoni'na,  Cinch'onin,  Cin- 

cho'nia.     The  active  principle  of  Cincho'na  lan- 

cifo'Ua.     An    organic,    crystalline   alkali ;    of  a 

•  white  colour,  and  bitter,  slightly  astringent  taste; 


very  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  but  almost  in 
soluble  in  water. 

Sulphate  of  Cinchonia,  which  is  formed  directly 
from  cinchonia,  is  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol. 
The  action  of  the  sulphate  of  cinchonia  is  similar 
to  that  of  the  sulphate  of  quinia;  but  it  is  less 
energetic,  and  consequently  requires  to  be  given 
in  a  larger  dose. 

Cinchonine,  Tartrate  of,  see  Quinine,  tar- 
trate of. 

CINCHONISM,  Quininism. 

CINCHOTIN,  Quinidia. 

CINCIN'NULUS.  A  little  lock  or  curl  of  hair. 

CINCIN'NUS.  A  curled  or  frizzled  lock.  The 
hair  on  the  temples. 

CINC'LICIS,  Cinclis'mua,  'agitation;  rapid 
and  frequent  motion.'  The  movement  of  the 
thorax  in  dyspnoea.  —  Hippocrates.  It  has  been 
used,  also,  synonymously  with  nictation. 

CINCLISMUS,  Cinclisis. 

CINEFACTIO,  Incineration. 

C  I  N  E'M  A,  Cine' 818,  from  Kivtw,  '  I  move.' 
Motion. 

CINERAEIA  MARITIMA,  Achoavon,  Abiat- 

CINERATION,  Incineration. 

CINERES  CLAVELLATI,  see  Potash  — e. 
Gravellati,  see  Potash  —  c.  Russici,  Potash  of 
commerce. 

CINEREUS,  Cineritious. 

C  I  N  E  R  I  T"I  0  U  S,  Ciner'ens,  from  civeres, 
'ashes;'  (F.)  Cendre.  Of  the  colour  of  ashes. 
The  cortical  substance  of  the  brain,  and  the  vesi- 
cular neurine  in  general,  have  been  so  called. 
See  Cortex  Cerebri,  and  Neurine. 

CINESIPATHY,  Kinesipathy. 

CINESIS,  Cinema,  Motion. 

CINETH'MICS,  from  Kivtoi,  'I  move.'  The 
science  of  movements  in  general. 

CINETIC,  Motory. 

CINET'ICA.  Same  etymon.  Diseases  affect- 
ing the  muscles,  and  characterized  by  irregular 
action  of  the  muscles  or  muscular  fibres,  commonly 
denominated  Spasm.  The  3d  order  in  the  class 
Neurotica  of  Good.  Also,  agents  that  afi'ect  the 
voluntary  or  involuntary  motions. — Pereira. 

CINETUS,  Diaphragm. 

CINGULARIA,  Lycopodium. 

CIN'GULUM,  Zone,  from  cingo,  '1  bind.'  (F.) 
Ceinture.  A  cincture.  A  girdle.  The  part  of 
the  body,  situate  below  the  ribs,  to  which  the 
girdle  is  applied.     The  waist.     Herpes  zoster. 

Cin'gulum  Hilda'ni,  Zo'nula  Hilda'ni,  (F.) 
Ceinture  de  Hildane.  A  leathern  girdle  formerly 
used  for  the  reduction  of  luxations  and  fractures 
of  the  extremities. 

Cin'gulcm  Mercuria'le,  C.  Sapien'tice  sen 
Stultit"ia;.  A  woollen  girdle,  containing  mercu- 
rial ointment.  It  was  used  as  an  antisyphilitic, 
and  in  diseases  of  the  skin.  (F.)  Ceinture  de  vif 
argent. 

CiNGULUM  Sancti  Joannis,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

CININ,  Santonine. 

CINIS  F^CUM,  see  Potash  —  c.  Infectorius, 
see  Potash. 

CINNABAR,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum — c.  Grseeorum,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

CINNABRE,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

CINNAMOMUM,  Laurus  cinnamomum  —  c. 
Album,  Canella  Alba — c.  Aromaticum,  see  Laurus 
cinnamomum — c.  Culilawan,  Laurus  Culilr.wan — 
c.  Indicum,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Magellanicum, 
Wintera  aromatica — -c.  Malabaricum,  Laurus  cas- 
sia—  c.  Sylvestre  Americanum,  Nectandra  ein- 
namomoides  —  c.  Zeylanicum,  Laurus  cinna^ 
momum. 

CINNAMON,  see  Laurus  cinnamomum  —  c. 
Malabar,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Wild,  Laurus  cassia. 


CINOXOSI 


20  8 


CIRCUMFLEX 


CINON'OSI.  from  kivco),  'I  move,'  and  voaos, 
'a  disease.'     Diseases  of  motion. 

CINOPER,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum. 
CINOPLANE'SIS,  from  kivew,  'I  move,'  and 
rXavT/CTis,   'a  wandering  about.'     Irregularity  of 
motion. 

CINQUEFOIL,  Potentilla  reptans  —  c.  Marsh, 
Comarum  palustre — c.  Norway,  Potentilla  Nor- 
Tegica. 

CINZILLA,  Herpes  zoster. 
CION,  Uvula. 

CI'ONIS.  The  U'vula.  Also,  tumefaction,  or 
elongation  of  the  uvula;   Staphylodial'ysis. 

CIONI'TIS,  from  kiovi^,  'the  uvula,'  and  itis, 
'inflammation.'  Inflammation  of  the  uvula, 
Uvuli'tis. 

CIONORRHAPHIA,  Staphyloraphy. 
CIONOTOME,    from    Kiuiv,    'the   uvula,'  and 
TOjirj,  'incision.'     Curved  scissors  for  cutting  off 
the  uvula. 

CIONOT'OMT,    Cionotom'ia,   from    kiuiv,    'the 
uvula,'    and   rofin,    '  incision.'      Excision    of  the  ', 
uvula  when  too  long. 

CIPIPA,  see  Jatropha  manihot. 
CIRCjEA,  Atropa  mandragora,  Ciresea  Lute- 
tian a. 

CirCvE'a  Lutetia'nA,    Crrcw'a,  Paris'ian    Cir- 
ca'a,  from  Circe,  the  Enchantress  ;  Enchant' ers' 
Nightshade,    (F.)    Herhe     de    Saint   Etienne    ou 
uux  Sorciers.     This  pla-nt,  common  in  the  vicinity 
of  Paris,  was  formerly  considered  to  be  resolvent 
and  vulnerary.     It  was  also  supposed  to  possess 
wonderful  magical  and  enchanting  properties. 
CIRCINUS,  Herpes  zoster. 
CIRCLE,    Circulus— c.    Ciliary,   Ciliary  liga- 
ment— c.  of  Willis,  see  Circulus. 
CIRCOCELE,  Circosele. 
cm  CONCISION,  Circumcision. 
CIRCONFLEXE,  Cireumflexus. 
GIECONSCRIT,  Circumscribed. 
CIRCONVOLUTION,  Convolution. 
CIRCUIT,    Circu'ittis;    in    pathological    lan- 
guage, generally  means  'period,'  course.' 
CIRCUITUS,  Period,  Circuit. 
CIR'CULAR,    Circula'ris,    from    circulus,    'a 
circle.'     (F.)   Cii-culaire.     Having   the    form    of 
a  circular;  as  Circular  Amputation,  &c. 

The  French  use  the  expression  "  Une  cireu- 
laire,"  for  a  turn  of  a  bandage  around  any  part. 
Circular  Sinds  of  Ridley,  Sinus  coronarius. 
CIRCULA'TION,  Circuln'tio,  Cyclophor'ia, 
Cyclo'sis,  Periodus  san' yuinis,  from  circulus,  '  a 
circle;'  or  rather,  from  circnm.,  ' around,' andyer?-e, 
hitnm,  'to  carry.'  (F.)  Circxdation.  Physiolo- 
gists give  this  n!ime  to  the  motion  of  the  blood 
through  the  different  vessels  of  the  body — sanc/ui- 
motioH  ;  —  to  that  function,  by  which  the  blood, 
setting  out  from  the  left  ventricle  of  the  heart,  is 
distributed  to  every  part  of  the  body  by  the  ar- 
teries;—  proceeds  into  the  veins,  returns  to  the 
heart,  enters  the  right  auricle,  and  passes  into  the 
corresponding  ventricle,  which  sends  it  into  the 
pulmonary  artery  to  be  distributed  to  the  lungs, 
■whence  it  issues  by  the  pulmonary  veins,  and 
passes  into  the  left  auricle.  From  this  it  is  sent 
into  the  left  ventricle,  and  is  again  distributed  by 
means  of  the  arteries. 

Circula'tion,  Cap'illart,  C.  des  Parenchymes, 
is  that  which  takes  place  in  the  capillary  vessels; 
and  is.  in  some  measure,  independent  of  the  ac- 
tion of  the  heart.     See  Capillary  Vessels. 

CiRCULATioy.  PuLMox'ic  or  LESSER,  is  the  cir- 
cle from  the  right  to  the  left  side  of  the  heart  by 
the    lungs.  —  The   greater   or    systemat'ic    or 
system'ic,  is  that  throush  the  rest  of  the  svstem. 
CIRCULATOIRE,  Circulatory. 
CIRCULATOR,  Charlatan. 
CIR'CULATORY,  Circulafo'rius,  (F.)  Circula- 


tnire  ;  same  etymon  as  circulation.     Relating  to 
the  circulation  of  the  blood; — sanguimo'tory. 

CIR'CULUS.  A  circle  or  ring;  Cyelus,^  Ci'- 
rios,  (F.)  Cercle.  Any  part  of  the  body  which  is 
round  or  annular,  as  Cir'cnlus  Oc'uli — the  globe, 
bulb,  or  orb  of  the  eye. — Hippocr.,  Galen.  It  is, 
also,  applied  to  objects,  which  by  no  means  form 
a  circle,  —  as  to  the  Circle  of  Willis,  Cir'culua 
arterio'sus  Willis'ii,  (F.)  Hexagone  arterielle, 
which  is  an  anastomotic  circle  at  the  base  of  the 
brain,  formed  by  the  anterior  and  the  posterior 
cerebral  arteries  and  the  communicating  arteries 
of  Willis. 

Circulus  Arterio'sus  I'ridis.  The  artery 
which  runs  round  the  iris,  and  forms  a  circle. 

Circulus  Arteriosus  Willisii,  Circle  of  Wil- 
lis, see  Circulus  —  c.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  ligament  — 
c.  Membranous,  Hymen. 

Cir'cdlus  Callo'sus  Halleri.  Tendo  cordis 
veno'sus.  The  fibro-cartilaginous  rings,  around 
the  auriculo-ventricular  openings  of  the  heart, 
to  which  the  tricuspid  and  mitral  valves  are  at- 
tached. 

Circulus  Quad'ruplex;  a  kind  of  bandage 
used  by  the  ancients. 

Circulus  To.nsilla'ris.  A  plexus  formed  by 
the  tonsillitic  branches  of  the  glosso-pharj'ngeal 
nerve  around  the  base  of  the  tonsil. 

Circulus  Veno'sus,  Figu'ra  veno'sa,  Venn  seu 
Sinus  termina'lis.  The  venous  circle  in  the  em- 
bryo, which  bounds  the  Area  Vasculosa  or  Vuacii- 
lar  Area. 

Cir'culus  Veno'sus  Are'ol^.  The  venous 
circle,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  veins  around 
the  nipple.  It  embraces,  however,  only  two-thirds 
of  the  circuit. 

CIRCUMAGENTES,  Oblique  muscles  of  the 
eye. 

CIRCUMCAULALIS  MEMBRANA,  Con- 
junctiva. 

CIRCUMCISIO,  Circumcision  —  c.  Foemina- 
rum,  see  Circumcision. 

CIRCUMCIS'ION,  Cimimcis'io,  Posthet'omy, 
PrcBcis'io  seu  Abseis'io  Prmpu'tii,  Circumcisu'rn, 
Circumsec'tio,  Perit'ome,  from  circnm,  '  around,' 
and  ccFdere,  '  to  cnt.'  (F.)  Circoncision.  An  an- 
cient operation,  performed  by  some  nations  as  a 
religious  ceremony.  It  consists  in  removing  cir- 
cularly a  portion  of  the  prepuce  of  infants; — a 
custom,  which  was  probably  suggested  with  a 
view  to  cleanliness.  In  cases  of  extraordinary 
length  of  prepuce,  or  when  affected  with  disease, 
the  operation  is  sometimes  undertaken  by  sur- 
geons. A  similar  operation  is  performed,  amongst 
the  Egyptians,  Arabians,  and  Persians,  on  tie 
female,  Circumcis' io  foemina' rum,  by  removing  a 
portion  of  the  nymphae,  and  at  times  the  clitoris. 
CIRCUMCISURA,  Circumcision. 
CIRCUMDUCTIO,  Perisphalsis. 
CIRCUMDUCTIONIS  OPIFEX,  Obliquus 
superior  oculi. 

CIRCUMFLEX,  Circumjlex'iis,  from  circum, 
'around,'  and  fiexus,  'bent.'  (F.)  Circonflexe. 
Curved  circularly.  A  name  given  to  several 
organs. 

Circumflex  or  Artic'ular  Ar'teries  of  the 
arm  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  joos/f- 
rior.  They  arise  from  the  axillary,  and  are  dis- 
tributed around  the  shoulder. 

Circumflex  Arteries  of  the  Thigh  are  dis- 
tinguished into  external  and  internal. — A.  Souk- 
trochanteriennes — Ch.  They  are  given  off  from 
the  Profunda,  and  surround  the  head  of  the  thigh 
bone. 

Circumflex  Muscle,  Cireumflexns  Mus'culun, 
C.  Pala'tiilollis,  Tensor  Pala'ti,  Peristaphyli'nns 
exter'nus  seu  inferior,  Spheno-salpingo-staphyl i' - 
nits  seu  Stnphyli'nus  exter'nus,  Mus'culus  tubes 
nova,    Pala'to-salpingeus,    Pter'ygo-stap>hyli'nus, 


CIKCUMFORANEOUS 


209 


CITREOLUS 


Petro-salpin' go-staphyW nus,  Spheno-pter'ygo-pn- 
lati'nus,  Saljpingo-staphyli'nus,  (F.)  Palato-sal- 
pingien.  A  muscle,  which  arises  from  the  spi- 
nous process  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  velum  pendulum  palati.  Its  use  is 
to  stretch  the  velum. 

Circumflex  Nerve,  Axillary  Nerve. 

Circumflex  Veins  follow  the  arteries. 

CIKCUMFORANEOUS,  Charlatan. 

CIRCUMFU'SA.  Halle  has  thus  designated 
the  first  class  of  subjects  that  belong  to  Hygiene 
—  as  atmosphere,  climate,  residence,  &c. ;  in 
short,  every  thing  which  acts  constantly  on  man 
externally  and  internally. 

CIRCUMGYRATIO,  Vertigo. 

CIRCUMLIGATURA,  Paraphimosis. 

CIRCUMLIT"IO,  from  circumlino,  '1  anoint 
all  over.'  Perich'risis,  Perichrrs'ton.  A  term 
formerly  used  for  liniments,  but  especially  for 
those  applied  to  the  eyelids. 

CIRCUMOSSALE,  Periosteum. 

CIR'CUMSCRIBED,  Cireumserip'tua,  (F.)  Cir- 
conscrit.  A  term  applied,  in  pathology,  to  tu- 
mours, which  are  distinct  at  their  base  from  the 
surrounding  parts. 

CIRCUMSECTIO,  Circumcision. 

CIRCUMVALLAT^  PAPILLA,  see  Papillfe 
of  the  Tongue. 

CIRE,  Cera. 

CIRE  JAUNE  ET  BLANCHE,  Cera  flava 
et  alba — c.  des  Oreillea,  Cerumen. 

CIRIOS,  Circulus. 

GIRON,  Aoarus,  Psora. 

CIRRHAGRA,  Plica— c.  Polonorum,  Plica. 

CIRRHON'OSUS;  from  Kippo^,  'yellow,'  and 
vocrof,  '  disease.'  A  disease  of  the  foetus,  in  which 
there  is  a  yellow  coloration  of  the  serous  mem- 
branes.— Siebenhaar. 

CIRRHOSE,  Cirrhosis— c.  du  Foie,  Cirrhosis. 

CIRRHO'SIS,  Kirrho'sis,  Cirrlwno'sis,  Kir- 
rJiono'sis,  (F.)  Cirrhose,  from  Kippog,  'yellow.'  A 
yellow  colouring  matter,  sometimes  secreted  in 
the  tissues,  owing  to  a  morbid  process.  Also, 
called  Cirrho'sis  or  Kirrho'sis. 

Cirrho'sis  Hep'atis,  see  Hepatatrophia. 
Gran'tdated,  gran'tdar,  mam'miUated,  tuher'cu- 
lated,  and  hoh-nailed  liver,  (F.)  Girrhose  du  Foie. 
It  appears  to  be  dependent  upon  repletion  of  the 
terminal  extremities  of  the  biliary  ducts  with 
bile,  along  with  atrophy  of  the  intervening  pa- 
renchyma. Hence  the  liver  is  smaller  in  size,  or 
atrophied. 

Cirrhosis  Hepatis,  see  Cirrhosis. 

Cirrhosis  of  the  Lung,  Girrho'sin  pulmo'num. 
Dr.  Corrigan  has  described  a  condition  of  the 
lung  under  this  name,  the  general  character  of 
•which  he  considers  to  be  a  tendency  to  consoli- 
dation or  contraction  of  the  pulmonary  tissue, 
with  dilatation  of  the  bronchial  tubes. 

Cirrhosis  Pulmonum,  C.  of  the  Lung. 

CIRRHOT'IC,  Cirrhot'icus.  Same  etymon  as 
cirrhosis.  Affected  with,  or  having  the  character 
of  cirrhosis. 

CIR'SIUM  ARVEN'SE,  Gar'duus  hemorrho- 
'ida'lis,  Ceano'thos,  (F.)  Gkardon  hemorrhoidal. 
A  commfin  plant,  used  in  France,  in  the  form  of 
cataplasm  in  hemorrhoids;  and  worn  as  an 
amulet. 

CiRSiDM  Macolatum,  Carduus  marianus. 

CIRSOCE'LE,  Gircoee'le,  Cirsos'chettm,  from 
Ktpaos,  '  varix,'  and  KriXr],  '  hernia ;'  Var'icose  Her'- 
nia.  The  greater  part  of  authors  have  employed 
the  term  synonymously  with  Varicocele.  Pott 
gives  it  a  different  signification.  Varicocele,  he 
calls  the  tumour  formed  by  the  veins  of  the  scro- 
tum ;  Gircocele,  Funic'uhis  varico'sus,  the  vari- 
cose dilatation  of  the  spermatic  veins.  The  scro- 
tum feels  as  if  it  contained  earthworms.  It  is 
14 


commonly  an  affection  of  no  consequence,  de- 
manding merely  the  use  of  a  suspensory  bandage. 

CIRSOI'DES,  Girso'des,  from  Kipaog,  '  varix,' 
and  tiSos,  'resemblance.'  Varicose,  or  resembling 
a  varix.  Rufus  of  Ephesus,  according  to  James, 
applies  this  term  to  the  upper  part  of  the  brain, 
as  well  as  to  the  spermatic  vessels. 

CIRSOM'PHALUS,  from  Kipcos,  'vari.x,'  and 
oix(j>aXos,  'navel.'  Varicose  dilatation  of  the  veins 
surrounding  the  navel.  The  term  has,  likewise, 
been  applied  to  the  aneurismal  dilatation  of  the 
arteries  of  that  region  ;  called  also,  Varicomph'- 
alus,  (F.)Hargne  anevrynmcde,  Aneurismal  Hernia. 

CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA,  Cirsophthal'mvs,  Te- 
langiecta'sia  oculi,  from  Kipaog,  'varix,'  and  o0- 
^aXfioi,  '  the  eye ;'  Var'icose  ophthnl'mia,  Oph- 
thalmia varico'sa,  Varicos'itas  eonjuncti'vae.  A 
high  degree  of  ophthalmia,  in  which  the  vessels 
of  the  conjunctiva  are  considerably  injected. 

CIRSOSCHEUM,  Cirsocele. 

CIRSOT'OMY,  Cirsotom'ia,  from  Ktpaos,  'va- 
rix,' and  TopLT],  'an  incision.'  Any  operation  for 
the  removal  of  varices  by  incision. 

CIRSUS,  Varix. 

CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE,  from  Kipcog,  'va- 
rix,' 'vitiip,  'water,'  oa)(^tov,  the  'scrotum.'  Vari- 
cocele with  water  in  the  scrotum. 

GISEAU  {¥.),  Forfex.  An  instrument,  com- 
posed of  a  flattened  rod  of  metal,  sharpened  at 
one  extremity,  and  used  in  anatomical  prepara- 
tions, and  in  certain  surgical  operations,  for  di- 
viding bones. 

GFSEAUX,  Scissors. 

CISSA,  Malacia. 

CISSAM'PELOS  CAPEN'SIS,  Nat.  Ord.  Me- 
nispermace*,  grows  in  almost  every  mountainous 
part  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  root  is  used 
as  an  emetic  and  cathartic  by  the  Boers. 

Cissampelos  Glaberrima,  see  Pareira  brara 
— c.  Pareira,  Pareira  brava. 

CISSARUS,  Cistus  Creticus. 

CISSI'NUM,  from  Kiaaog,  'ivy.'  Name  of  a 
plaster  of  ivy,  used  in  wounds  of  the  nerves  or 
tendons.- — Paulus  ol  JEgina. 

CISSOIDES,  Capreolaris. 

CISSOS,  Hedera  helix. 

CISTERN,  LUMBAR,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

CISTER'NA,  from  kict>i,  (L.)  Gista,  'a  chest.' 
(F.)  Giterne.  This  term  has  been  applied  to  va- 
rious parts  of  the  body,  which  serve  as  reservoirs 
for  different  fluids.  The  fourth  ventricle  of  the 
brain  has  been  so  called. — Arantius. 

CisTERNA  Chyli,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

CISTHORUS,  Cistus  Creticus. 

CISTOCELE,  Cystocele. 

CISTUS  CANADENSIS,  Helianthemum  Ca- 
nadensis. 

Cistus  Cre'ticus,  C.  salvifo'lius  seu  tau'ricus, 
Gis'thorus,  Gis'sarus,  Porycin'ium,  Gum  Gistus. 
Ord.  Cystinese;  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Mono- 
gynia.  The  systematic  name  of  the  plant  whence 
the  Lahda'num,  Labda'men  or  Lada'num,  Giim'mi 
Lahda'num,  is  obtained.  Lada'num  is  a  gum- 
resinous  substance,  of  a  very  agreeable  smell, 
found  in  the  shops  in  great  masses.  Its  colour  is 
blaekish-green  ,■  taste,  warm  and  bitter.  It  is 
but  little  used  now.  Formerly,  it  was  a  compo- 
nent of  warm  plasters,  and  was  prescribed  inter- 
nally as  a  stomachic.  Ladanum  is  also  obtained 
from  Gistus  ladanif'ervs,  and  G.  laurifo'lius. 

Cistus,  Gum,  Cistus  Creticus  —  c.  Salvifolius, 
C.  Creticus — c.  Tauricus,  C.  Creticus. 

GITERNE  L03IBAIRE,neceBUcuhim  chyli. 

CITHARUS,  Thorax. 

CITRAGO,  Melissa. 

CITRARIA,  Melissa. 

CITRAS  CHINICUS,  Quinise  citras. 

CITREA  MALUS,  see  Citrus  medica. 

CITREOLUS,  Cucumis  sativus. 


CITRIC   ACID 


210 


CLAP 


CIT'RIC  ACID,  Ac"idim  cit'ricum,  Ac"idum  j 
Limo'nis,   Acid  of  Lemons,   Ac"idum   Limo'niim,  j 
(F.)  Acide  citrique.     This   acid  is  found  in  the  j 
lemon,  orange,  &g.     It  is  in  rhomboidal  prisms, 
-which  slightly  effloresce  on  exposure  to  the  air. 
It  dissolves  in   a  twelfth  part  of  its  weight  in 
boiling  water,  and  has   an  extremely  acid  but 
agreeable  taste.     It  is  employed  in  medicine  as 
antiseptic,  refrigerant  and  diuretic.     Rubbed  up 
with   sugar  and  with  a  little  of  the   essence  of 
lemon,  it  forms  the  dri/  Lemonade,  (F.)  Limonade 
geche. 

CITRINE  OINTMENT,  Unguentum  hydrar- 
gyri  nitratis. 

CITRON,  see  Citrus  medica— e.  Tree,  see  Ci- 
trus medica. 

GITRONELLE,    Artemisia   abrotanum,    Me- 
lissa. 

CITRONNADE,  Lemonade. 
CITROVILLE,  Cucurbita. 
CITRUL,  SICILIAN,  Cucurbita  citruUus. 
CITRULLUS,  Cucurbita  citruUus. 
CiTRULLUS  Aiia'rus.     An  African  plant,  Ord. 
Cucurbitacea3,  called  by  the  Boers  Bitterappel  or 
Wild  Watermelon,  the  pulp  of  which,  like  that 
of  colocynth,  is  a  drastic  cathartic. 

CiTRDLtus  CoLOCYNTHis,  Cucumis  colocynthis. 
CITRUS,   see  Citrus   medica  —  c.  Acida,   see 
Lime. 

Citrus  Auran'tium.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Orange  Tree,  Auran'tium,  A.  Hispalen'se, 
Mains  Auran'tia,  Malus  Auran'tia  major  seu  vul- 
ga'ris,  Auran'tium  vulga're,  Ci'tru^  vidga'ris. 
Ord.  Aurantiaceag.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyadelphia  Ico- 
sandria.  The  fruit  are  called  3Iala  Au'rea,  Chry- 
some'lia,  Neran'tia,  Martia'na  Poma,  Poma  Au- 
ran'tia seu  Chinen'sia,  Auran'tia  Ctcraesav'ica, 
Oranges.  The  Flowers  of  the  Orange,  Flores 
NaphcB,  are  highly  odoriferous,  and  used  as  a 
perfume.  On  distillation,  they  yield  a  small 
quantity  of  essential  oil — O'leum  Auran'tii,  Oleum 
seu  Esien'tia  Nero'li, — with  spirit  and  water,  the 
Aqua  Florum  Auran'tii,  Auran'tii  Jloris  aqua, 
Aqua  aurantii,  Orange-flower  water.  They  were 
once  used  in  convulsive  and  epileptic  cases.  The 
leaves,  Fo'lia  Auran'tii,  have  a  bitterish  taste, 
and  furnish  an  essential  oil.  They  have  been 
used  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  flowers.  The 
yellow  rind  of  the  fruit,  Auran'tii  Cortex  (Ph. 
tJ.  S.),  Citrus  Bigara'dia  (Ph.  L.),  Bigarade'  or 
Bitter  Orange,  Orange  Peel,  is  an  aromatic  bitter, 
and  is  used  in  dyspepsia,  and  where  that  class  of 
remedies  is  required.  The  Juice,  Succu«  Auran'- 
tii, Orange  juice,  is  a  grateful  acid,  and  used  as 
a  beverage  in  febrile  and  scorbutic  affections. 

Citrus  Bergamia,  Citrus  mella  rosa  —  e.  Bi- 
garadia,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  c.  Decumana, 
Shaddock — c.  Limetta,  see  Citrus  mella  rosa — c. 
Limonum,  C.  medica. 

Citrus  Med'ica,  G.  Limo'num.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Lemon  Tree.  The  Lemon,  Limon 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Limo'num.  Malum  seu  Bacca,  Malus 
Med'ica,  M.  Limo'nia  Ac"ida,  Limon,  Cit'rea, 
Mains,  Citrus,  (F.)  Citron,  Cedrat,  has  a  fragrant 
odour,  depending  upon  the  essential  oil,  O'leum 
Limo'nis,  of  the  rind.  The  outer  rind.  Cortex 
Limo'num,  Limo'nis  Cortex  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Lemon 
Peel,  Zest,  Flave'do  Corticum  Citri,  is  used  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  Cortex  Auran'tii. 

The  juice,  Succus  Limo'nis,  Limo'num  Succus 
(Ph.  L.),  (F.)  Su^  du  Limon,  Sue  de  Citron,  is 
sharp,  but  gratefully  acid,  the  acidity  depending 
upon  the  citric  acid  it  contains,  and  is  given  as  a 
refrigerant  beverage  in  febrile  affections.  In 
doses  of  half  an  ounce  to  an  ounce,  three  times  a 
day,  it  has  appeared  to  exert  a  markedly  sedative 


influence  on  the  circulation,  and  has  been  given, 
apparently  with  benefit,  in  acute  rheumatism  anci 
rheumatic  gout.  Alone,  or  combined  with  wine, 
it  is  prescribed  in  scurvy,  putrid  sore  throat,  &c. 
Its  general  properties  are  refrigerant  and  anti- 
septic. Sweetened  and  diluted,  it  forms  Lemon- 
ade. Artificial  lemon-juice  is  made  by  dissolving 
an  ounce  of  citric  acid  in  fourteen  fluidounces  of 
water;  adding  a  few  drops  of  essence  of  lemon. 

Lemonpeel  tea,  or  water,  is  made  by  paring  the 
rind  of  one  lemon,  previously  rubbed  with  half  an 
ounce  of  sugar :  the  peelings  and  sugar  are  then 
put  into  a  jar,  and  a  quart  of  boiling  water  is 
poured  over  them.  When  cold,  the  fluid  must  be 
poured  off,  and  a  tablespoonful  of  lemon  juice  be 
added. 

It  is  an  agreeable  drink  in  fevers. 
Cit'roii  Tree  is  likewise  considered  to  belong 
to  the  same  species — Cit'rus  Med'ica.  Its  fruit 
is  called  eedrome'la.  It  is  larger  and  less  succu- 
lent than  the  lemon.  Citron  juice,  when  sweet- 
ened with  sugar,  is  called  by  the  Italians  Agro 
di  Cedro. 

Citrus  Mella  Rosa  of  De  Lamarck,  another 
variety  of  Citrus  Medica,  affords  the  Bergamote, 
as  also  do  Citrus  Limet'ta  and  C.  Berga'mia, 
Citrus  Vulgaris,  Citrus  aurantium. 
CITTA,  Malacia. 

CITTARA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Thesa 
springs  are  in  the  Isle  of  Ischia,  near  the  sea. 
They  contain  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime,  and 
chloride  of  sodium.  Their  temperature  is  100° 
Fahrenheit. 

CITTOS,  Hedera  helix. 
CITTOSIS,  Chlorosis,  Malacia. 
CIVETTA,  Zih'ethum,  Civ'et,  (F.)  Civette.    An 
unctuous  perfume,  of  a  very  penetrating  odour, 
obtained  from  different  mammalia  of  the  Viver'ra 
kind,  particularly  from   Viver'ra  civet'ta.     It  is 
contained  in  a  fold  of  the  skin,  situate  between 
the  anus  and  the  organs  of  generation. 
CLABBER,  Bonnyclabber. 
CLABBERGRASS,  Galium  verum. 
CLADES  GLANDULARIA,  Plague. 
CLADISCOS,  Ramusculu=. 
CLADONIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus. 
Clado'nia  Rangifer'rixa.     The  ancients  re- 
garded this  European  plant  as  pectoral  and  sto- 
machic.    It  enters  into  the  composition  of  the 
Poudre  de  Chypre. 
CLADOS,  Ramus. 

CLADRAS'TIS  TINCTO'RIA,  Virgil'ia  Yel- 
low Ash,  Fustic  Tree,  Yellow  Locust.  An  indi- 
genous tree,  which  flourishes  from  Kentucky  to 
Alabama.  The  bark  of  the  tree  and  the  roots 
are  cathartic. 

CLAIRE T,  Claret, 

CLAIRVOYANCE  (F.),  'Clear-seeing.'  A 
clearness  of  sight,  said  to  be  communicated  by 
animal  magnetism,  which  not  only  enables  the 
magnetized  person  to  see  in  the  dark,  through 
stone  walls,  &c.,  but  even  to  observe  prospects, 
which  he  has  never  seen  previously,  whilst  he 
may  fancy  he  is  flying  in  the  air.  It  need  hardly 
be  said,  that  the  possession  of  such  powers  is 
fabulous. 

CLAMMY,  Vis'cidus,  Glutino'sus,  (F.)  Pateux, 
[D. ) Klam,' vaoist.'  Viscous;  glutinous.  Aclammy 
mouth,  (F.)  Bouche  pdteuse,  is  one  that  is  covered 
with  a  mucous  coat. 

Clammy  Weed,  Polanisea  graveolens. 
CLAMOR,  Cry. 
CLANGOR,  Oxyphonia. 
CLAP,  Gonorrhoea  impura. 


CLAPIER 


211 


CLEF 


CLAPIER  (F.).  A  clapper,  Latih'ulum,  from 
KXtTtTuv,  'to  conceal.'  A  purulent  foyer  of  dis- 
ease ;  concealed  in  the  flesh  or  under  the  skin. 
See  Sinus. 

CLAPWORT,  Orobanche  Americana. 

CLA Q  UEilENT,  Odontosynerismus. 

CLARENDON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Mild  acidulous  springs  in  Vermont;  temperature 
from  48°  to  54°  Fahr.  The  gas,  given  oif  from 
the  water,  consists  of  carbonic  acid,  oxygen,  and 
nitrogen.  The  springs  have  a  reputation  in  cu- 
taneous diseases,  chronic  bronchitis,  &c. 

CLAR'ET,  (  Vin  clair  [?]  ),  Clare'tum,  Vin  de 
Bordeaux,  (F.)  Clairet.  A  pleasant  French  ■wine, 
which  may  be  used  whenever  wine  is  required. 
Also,  a  wine  impregnated  with  spice  and  sugar, 
called  likewise  Vinum  Hi'ppocrat' icurn  seu  Medi- 
ca'tum,  Potus  Hippocrat'icus,  nip'p>ocras,  Hyp'- 
pocras.  Schroder  speaks  of  a  Glare.' tura  al'terans, 
and  a  C.  purgans. 

CLARETA,  Albumen  ovL 

CLARETUM,  Claret. 

CLARIFICA'TION,  Clarifica'iio,  Bepura'tion, 
from  clarus,  'clear,' and /acio,  'I  make.'  A  phar- 
maceutical operation,  which  consists  in  separating 
from  a  liquid  every  insoluble  substance,  held  in 
suspension  by  it,  that  affects  its  transparency. 
Decanting  and  filtering  are  the  operations  neces- 
sary for  this  purpose. 

CLARY,  COMMON,  Salvia  sclarea, 

CLASIS,  Fracture. 

CLASMA,  Fracture. 

CLASS,  Clas'sis,  (F.)  Clause.  An  assemblage 
of  a  certain  number  of  objects.  In  Natural  His- 
tory and  in  Medicine,  a  group  of  objects  or  indi- 
viduals having  one  or  more  common  characters. 
The  classes  are  divided  into  orders,  the  orders 
into  genera,  the  genera  into  species,  and  these  last 
into  varieties. 

CLASSIFICA'TION,  Clas8ifica'tio,{Tom  elassis, 
'a  class, 'and  facio,  'I  make.'  The  formation  of 
classes.  A  methodical  distribution  of  any  objects 
whatever  into  classes,  orders,  genera,  species,  and 
varieties.     See  Nosography,  and  Nosology. 

CLASSY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Classy 
is  near  Laon  in  Picardy,.  France.  The  waters 
are  chalybeate. 

CLAUDICATIO,  Claudication  —  c.  Anatica, 
Vftcillatio. 

CLAUDICA'TION,  Claudica'tio,  from  claudi- 
care,  'to  be  lame.'  The  act  of  halting  or  limp- 
ing. Lameness,  (Prov.)  Hirpling,  Olau'ditas, 
Cholo'sis,  Cholei'a,  Cholo'ma,  (F.)  Claudication, 
Boitement,  Boiterie.  This  condition  does  not 
constitute  any  special  disease,  but  is  produced  by 
different  causes  or  affections.  It  may  be  the 
result  of  the  shortening  or  elongation  of  one  of 
the  lower  limbs,  of  ankylosis  of  the  joints,  palsy 
of  the  muscles,  pain,  &c. 

CLAUDITAS,  Claudication. 

CLAUSTRUM  GUTTURIS,  Isthmus  of  the 
fauces  —  c.  Palati,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  c. 
Virginitatis,  Hymen. 

CLAUSU'PvA,  from  claudere,  '  to  shut.*  An 
imperforation  of  any  canal  or  cavity. 

Clausu'ra  Uteri.  Preternatural  imperfora- 
tion of  the  uterus. 

CLAVA  RUGOSA,  Acorus  calamus. 

CLAVALIER  A  FEUILLES  BE  FR&NE, 
Santhoxylum  clava  Herculis. 

CLAVA'RIA  CORALLOI'DES,  Coralloides 
Fungus,  Coralwort.  Ord.  Fungi,  (clava,  '  a 
knotty  branch,  a  club.')  Said  to  be  corroborant 
and  astringent.     A  kind  of  clavaria,  called  (F.) 


Digital  blanc,  Digital  Tiumain,  Champignon  de 
Vappnreil  des  fractures,  formed  of  digitations, 
grouped  together,  and  two  or  three  inches  in 
length,  is  said  to  have  been  often  found,  formerly 
at  the  Hotel  Dieu  of  Paris,  on  the  splints  of  white 
wood  used  in  the  treatment  of  fractures,  in  au- 
tumn.— H.  Cloquet. 

CLAVATIO,  Gomphosis. 

CLAVEAU,  Murr. 

CLAVELEE,  Murr. 

CLAVE3  CALVARI.^;,  Wormiana  Ossa. 

CLAVICLE,  Clavis,  Clavic'ula,  Claiiic' ulus, 
Lig'ula,  Fur'ctda,  Os  Jug'uli,  Jug'xdum,  Cleis, 
Clei'dinn,  from  clavis,  'a  key,'  (F.)  Clavicule. 
The  collar-hone,  (Old  Eng.)  Cannelbone,  Channel- 
hone,  (Sc.)  Cuiinelhayne,  Cragbane,  Halsbane. 
The  clavicle  is  shaped  like  the  letter  S,  and  :s 
placed  transversely  at  the  upper  part  of  the  tho- 
rax. It  is  articulated,  at  one  extremity,  with  the 
sternum ;  at  the  other  with  the  acromion  process 
of  the  scapula.  It  gives  attachment,  above,  to 
the  Sterno-cleido  mastoideus ;  heloic,  to  the  Sub- 
elavius  ;  before,  to  the  Pectoralis  major  and  L>el- 
toides  ;  and  behind,  to  the  Trapezius.  It  serves 
as  a  point  of  support  for  the  muscles  of  the  arm, 
and  protects  the  vessels  and  nerves  passing  to 
that  extremity. 

The  fibres,  connecting  the  lamella  or  plates  of 
bones,  have  also  been  called  Clavic'uli  or  Naila. 

CLAVICULAR,  Clavicula'ris,  (F.)  ClavicH- 
laire  ;  same  etymon.  Relating  to  the  clavicle  or 
collar-bone. 

CLATlCtTLAH  Nerves,  Nervi  clavicida' res. 
Branches  of  the  fourth  cervical  nerve,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  clavicular  region. 

OLA  VICULE,  Clavicle. 

CLAVICULI,  see  Clavicle. 

CLAVIS,  Clavicle,  Key — c.  Anglica,  Key. 

CLAVUS.  A  naiL  Helos,  Gomphos,  (F.) 
Clou.  This  word  is  employed  in  medicine  in 
various  senses.  It  means,  1.  A  Corn,  from  its 
resemblance  to  the  head  of  a  nail.  2.  Certain 
condylomatous  excrescences  of  the  uterus.  3.  A 
callous  tumour,  which  forms  on  the  white  of  the 
eye,  and  resembles  a  nail,  the  Clavus  Oc'vli,  (F.) 
Clou  de  I'ceil.  This  last,  by  some,  is  considered 
to  be  synonymous  with  staphyloma;  by  others, 
with  staphyloma  of  the  cornea.    Also,  the  penis. 

Clavus  Htster'icus,  3fonopa'gia,  Jfonope'- 
gia,  (F.)  Clou  Hysteriqne.  An  acute  pain,  con- 
fined to  a  small  point  of  the  head,  described  by 
the  sick  as  resembling  that  which  would  be  pro- 
duced by  a  nail  driven  into  the  head.  It  has 
been  particularly  noticed  in  hysterical  females  ; — 
hence  its  name.  It  is  called  Ovum  hyster'icum, 
when  the  pain  occupies  a  greater  extent. 

Clavus  Secalinus,  Ergot — c.  Secalis,  Ergot — 
e.  Siliginis,  Ergot. 

CLEANSINGS,  Lochia. 

CLEAR-SEEING,  Clairvoyance. 

CLEARWEED,  Pilea  pumila. 

CLEAVAGE,  from  Anglo-Saxon  cleoFan,  'to 
split.'  The  natural  line  of  separation  exhibited 
by  certain  substances,  as  minerals,  when  sub- 
jected to  mechanical  force.  The  term  has  been 
applied  to  the  separation  of  muscles  into  longitu- 
dinal and  circular  stri»,  when  mechanical  vio- 
lence is  used. 

CLEAVERS,  Galium  aparine. 

Cleavers'  Bees,  Galium  aparine. 

CLEAVEWORT,  Galium  verum. 

CLEF,  Key  —  c.  du  Crane,  Wormiana  ossa  — 
e.  de  Garengeot,  Key  —  c.  d  Noix,  see  Key  —  c.  d 
Pivot,  see  Key — c.  d  Pompe,  see  Key. 


CLEFT 


212 


CLIMATE 


CLEFT,  Rima,  see  Monster  —  c.  Palate,  see 
Harelip. 

CLEIDAGRA,  Cleisagra. 

CLEIDION,  Clavicle. 

CLEIDO-COSTAL,  Costo-clavieular. 

CLEI'DO-MASTOI'DEUS.  Albinus  thus  de- 
signates the  posterior  portion  of  the  sterno-cleido- 
mastoideus,  which  he  considers  a  separate  muscle. 
It  has  been  corrupted  into  clino-mastoideus. 

CLEIS,  Clavicle,  Key. 

CLEIS'AGRA,  Cleid'agra,  from  xAaf,  'the 
clavicle,'  and  aypa,  '  a  seizure.'  Gout  in  the 
clavicle. — A.  Pare. 

CLEITHORION,  Clitoris. 

CLEITHORIS,  Clitoris. 

CLEITORION,  Clitoris. 

CLEITORIS,  Clitoris. 

CLE'MATIS,  from  K\rifxa,  K^rniaroi,  'a  branch 
of  a  vine,  a  tendril.'  A  genus  of  plants  in  the 
Linnajan  system. 

Clematis  Daphnoides  Major,  Vinca  minor — 
c.  Corymbosa,  C.  erecta. 

Clematis  Erect'a,  C.  recta  seu  eorpnho'sa, 
Clemaii'tis  erec'ta,  Flam'mula  Jovis,  Upright 
Virgin's  Bower,  (F. )  Glematite  droite.  Order, 
Ranunculaceae.  Sex.  S^/Kt.  Polyandria  Polygynia. 
The  leaves  contain  an  acrid  principle.  They  have 
been  esteemed  anti-venereal;  and,  in  the  form 
of  powder,  have  been  used  as  an  escharotic. 

Clematis  Flammula,  see  C.  vitalba — c.  Recta, 
C.  erecta — c.  Sepium,  C.  Vitalba — c.  Viorna,  see 
C.  Vitalba — c.  Virginica,  see  C.  Vitalba. 

Clematis  Vital'ba,  C.  se'pium  seu  sylves'tris, 
Vital'ba,  Vior'na,  Atra'gene,  Trav'eUer's  Joy, 
Common  Virgin's  Bower,  (F.)  Clematite,  Herbe 
anx  gueiix,  Aubevigne.  It  has  been  used  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  former.  In  infusion  it  has 
been  applied  in  cases  of  itch. 

The  leaves  of  Clematis  Crispa — c.  Flam'mula, 
sweet-scented  Virgin's  bower — c.  Virgin'ica,  com- 
mon Virgin's  bower — and  c.  Vior'na,  Leather- 
flower,  have  similar  properties. 

CLEMATITE,  Clematis  vitalba  — c.  Droite, 
Clematis  re-cta. 

Clematitis  Erecta,  Clematis  erecta. 

CLEOME  PENTAPHYLLA,  Gynandropsis 
pentaphylla. 

CLEO'NIS  COLLYR'IUM.  a  collyrium  de- 
scribed by  Celsus,  composed  of  equal  parts  of 
Samian  earth,  myrrh,  and  thus  mixed  with  white 
of  egg:  called  doubtless  after  its  inventor. 

Cleonis  Gluten.  An  astringent  formula  of 
myrrh,  frankincense,  and  white  of  egg. 

CLEP'SYDRA,  from  KXcTrru),  'I  conceal,' and 
'\t&ii>p,  'water.'  An  instrument  contrived  by  Pa- 
racelsus to  convey  fumigation  to  the  uterus. 

CLEPTOMANIA,  Kleptomania. 

CLETHRA  ALNIFO'LIA,  Sweet  pepper-bush. 
White  alder;  indigenous.  Order,  Ericacete. 
The  leaves  and  flowers  are  diaphoretic  and  ex- 
citant. 

CLETORIS,  Clitoris. 

CLEVES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  Cleves,  in 
Westphalia.  It  contains  carbonate  and  sulphate 
of  iron. 

CLICKING,  see  Bale  sibilant. 

CLIDER,  Galium  aparine. 

CLIFFORT'IA   ILICIFO'LIA.     Ord.    Rosa- 

cese.     A  common  South  African  plant,  used  by 

the  Boers  as  an  emollient  expectorant  in  catarrh. 

CLIFTON,  CLIMATE  OF.     The  vicinity  of 

Clifton  and  of  Bristol,  England,  appears  to  be 


the  mildest  and  driest  climate  in  the  west  of 
England;  and,  consequently,  the  best  winter  re- 
sidence, in  that  part  of  the  country,  ^r  invalids. 
It  is,  also,  a  favorable  summer  climate,  and  is 
surrounded  by  numerous  places  of  agreeable  re- 
sort, suited  for  those  who  may  pa^s  the  season 
there. 

For  the  mineral  waters  of  Clifton,  see  Bristol 
Hot  Well. 

CLIONEMENT,  Scardamygmus. 

CLIGNOTEMENT,  Nictation. 

CLIMA,  Climate. 

CLIMACTERIC,  Climacter'icvs,  Climater'i- 
cus,  from  KXijiaKTtip,  'a  step.'  (F.)  Climacterique 
ou  Climaterique.  A  word,  which  properly  signi- 
fies 'by  degrees.'  It  has  been  applied  to  certain 
times  of  life,  regarded  to  be  critical. 

At  present,  the  word  Climacteric  is  chiefly  ap- 
plied to  certain  periods  of  life,  at  which  great 
changes  occur,  independently  of  any  numerical 
estimate  of  years.  Such  are  the  period  of  pu- 
berty in  both  sexes  ;  that  of  the  cessation  of  the 
menses  in  women,  &c. 

Climacteric  Years,  Anni  Climacfer'ioi,  are, 
according  to  some,  all  those  in  the  life  of  man, 
which  are  multiples  of  the  number  7,  Septen'iii- 
ads.  Others  have  applied  the  term  to  years,  re- 
sulting from  the  multiplication  of  7  by  an  odd 
number.  Some  have  admitted  only  three  cli- 
macterics;  others,  again,  have  extended  them  to 
multiples  of  9.  Most,  however,  have  considered 
the  63d  year  as  the  Grand  Climacteric  ;  —  ?i'i 
being  the  product  of  the  multiplication  of  7  by 
9,  and  all  have  thought  that  the  period  of  three, 
seven,  or  nine,  which  they  respectively  adopted, 
was  necessary  to  the  entire  renewal  of  the  body  ; 
so  that  there  was,  at  these  times,  in  the  economy, 
none  of  the  parts  of  which  it  had  previously 
consisted.  The  climacteric  years  have  also  been 
called,  {Anni)  hebdomad'ici,  scala'res,  grada'rii, 
scan'siles,  genethliaci,  natalit"ii,  fata'les,  crit'ici, 
decreto'rii,  hero'ici,  &c.  All  the  notions  on  the 
subject  are  essentially  allied  to  the  doctrine  of 
numbers  of  Pythagoras. 

CLIMATAL,  Climatic. 

CLIMATE,  Clima,  Inclina'tio  caeli,  (F.)  Cli- 
mat,  Gr.  K^ijia,  'a  region.'  In  geography,  the 
word  climate  is  applied  to  a  space  on  the  terres- 
trial globe,  comprised  between  two  circles  paral- 
lel to  the  equator,  and  arbitrarily  measured  ac- 
cording to  the  length  of  the  days.  In  a  hygienic 
point  of  view,  we  understand  by  climate,  since 
Hippocrates,  a  country  or  region,  which  may 
differ  from  another  in  respec-t  to  season,  qualities 
of  the  soil,  heat  of  atmosphere,  &c.  Climate,  in- 
deed, embraces,  in  a  general  manner,  all  the 
physical  circumstances  belonging  to  each  region, 
— circumstances  which  exert  considerable  influ- 
ence on  living  beings.  The  dark  complexion 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  torrid  zone  is  easily 
distinguishable  from,  the  paleness  of  those,  of 
the  frigid,  —  so  are  the  diseases.  They  are  all 
modified,  more  or  less,  by  climate  or  locality. 
Hot  climates  predispose  to  abdominal  complica- 
tions in  febrile  affections;  cold  climates  to  tho- 
racic, (fee. 

One  of  the  most  important  considerations  with 
regard  to  climates  is  their  comparative  fitness  for 
the  residence  of  invalids,  and  especially  of  those 
who  are  liable  to,  or  suffering  under,  catarrhal  or 
consumptive  afi'ections.  The  great  object,  in 
such  cases,  is  to  select  a  climate  which  will  ad- 
mit of  regular  and  daily  exercise  in  the  open  air, 
so  that  the  invalid  may  derive  every  advantage 
whi<jh  this  form  of  revulsion  is  capable  of  effect- 
ing. To  an  inhabitant  of  the  northern  and  mid- 
dle portions  of  the  United  States — and  the  same 


CLIMATE 


2  13 


CLIMATE 


applies  to  Great  Britain,  France,  and  the  nortli- 
eru  parts  of  the  old  world — a  more  southern  cli- 
mate alone  affords  these  advantages  in  an  emi- 
nent degree.  During  the  summer  months  there 
are  few,  if  any,  diseases,  which  require  a  milder 
climate  than  that  of  the  United  States,  or  of  the 
milder  districts  of  Europe.  The  temperature  of 
the  winter  months  is,  consequently,  the  most  im- 
portant object  of  attention.  Equability  of  tem- 
perature is  essential,  inasmuch  as  all  sudden 
changes  interfere  with  the  great  desideratum- 
exercise  in  the  open  air.  In  the  whole  continent 
of  North  America  the  changes  are  very  sudden 
and  extensive.  It  is  not  uncommon  for  the  range 
to  be  40°,  between  two  successive  days.  So  far, 
therefore,  as  this  applies,  the  American  climate 
is  not  well  adapted  to  the  invalid.  In  the 
southern  portions,  however,  of  the  Union,  this 
objection  is  counterbalanced  by  many  advan- 
tages. 

The  following  tables  exhibit  the  mean  tempe- 
rature of  the  year,  and  of  the  different  seasons — 
with  the  mean  temperature  of  the  warmest  and 


coldest  months  at  different  places  in  America, 
Europe,  Africa,  &c.,  as  deduced  from  the  excel- 
lent paper  of  Von  Humboldt  on  Isothermal  Lines, 
the  Meteorological  Registers  kept  by  the  surgeons 
of  the  United  States  army,  under  the  direction 
of  Surgeon-generals  Lovell  and  Lawson,  1822  to 
1854,  inclusive,  the  work  of  Sir  James  Clark  on 
Climate,  &c. 

Certain  of  the  tables  show  the  mean  monthly 
temperature,  maximum,  minimum  and  range,  as 
well  as  the  greatest  daily,  and  mean  daily  range 
during  the  corresponding  months  —  but  of  diffe- 
rent years — at  some  of  the  prominent  retreats  for 
the  valetudinarian  in  Great  Britain,  on  the  con- 
tinent of  Europe,  and  in  the  African  islands.  It 
is  proper,  however,  to  remark,  that  in  no  situa- 
tions, except  in  those  to  which  an  asterisk  is 
aflBxed,  was  the  register  thermometer  used.  In 
the  others,  the  observations  were  made  during 
the  dai/  only,  and  consequently  the  numbers 
given  are  far  below  the  real  range  throughout 
the  twenty-four  hours.  The  places  are  ranged  in 
the  order  of  their  mean  temperature. 


Table  of 

Maximum 

,  Minimum,  and  Range 

OP  Temperature. 

Places. 

December. 

January. 

Febrdary. 

March. 

April. 

Max. 

Mill. 

Range 

Max. 

Min. 

Range 

Majc. 

Min. 

Range 

Max. 

Min. 

Range 

Max. 

Min. 

Ran~e 

54 

56 
56 
57 
59 
60 
61 
68 

25 
34 
25 
32 
40 
31 
34 
52 

29 
22 
31 

25 
19 
29 
27 
16 

47 

54 
56 
63 
58 
58 
68 
69 

21 

28 
21 
27 
27 
29 
29 
50 

26 

26 
35 
26 
31 

29 
29 
19 

62 
56 
60 
55 

58 
60 
60 
68 

27 
33 
35 
30 
37 
33 
31 
61 

25 
22 
26 
26 
21 
27 
29 
17 

66 
59 
65 
58 
65 
65 
69 
69 

26 

34 
35 
35 
41 
37 
38 
51 

30 
25 
30 

23 
24 
28 
31 
18 

60 
62 
71 
64 
69 
74 
78 
72 

31 

36 
43 
41 
46 
44 
43 

29 
26 

28 
23 
23 
30 
35 

Pau 

65     17  1 

( 

Table  of  Mean  Temperature. 


Places. 

DeCEMBEPv. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

43  .  00 
46  .  50 
41  .53 
46  .00 

48  .60 

49  .62 

50  .50 
60    60 

36.30 
43  .00 
38  .89 
42  .00 
45  .85 
47.65 
46.50 
59  .60 

42  .00 
44  .50 

44  .96 

45  .00 
49  .00 
49  .45 
48  .  50 
68  .50 

45  .00 

46  .50 

46  .80 

47  .00 

51  .46 

52  .05 
52  .00 
61.06 

61  .  00        ' 
48  .  68       j 
55.  79 
53.  00 
57  .00 
56.40 
57  .00 
62.50 

Pau 

Table  of  Daily  Range  of  Tempebature. 


Places. 

December. 

Jani 

ARY. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

>> 

o 

^ 

£ 

T3  aj 

o 

3 
7 
9 
6 
9 
9 
11 

13 

13 

14 
15 
13 

14 

4 
7 
8 
8 

11 
9 

11 

13 

16 

16 
16 
14 
17 

6 
9 
9 
9 
10 
11 
9 

12 

16 

18 
18 
19 
13 

8 
9 
14 
9 
12 
11 
10 

12 

17 

17 
19 
18 
14 

9 
8 
14 
11 
13 
14 
9 

13 

18 

18 
20 
20 

13    r 

Pau 

CLIMATE 


214 


CLIMATE 


1.  AMERICA,  &c. 


Latitude. 


Mean  te 
peratuTe 


years. 


I  temperature  of  different  seasons. 


Mean  temperature  of 


JVmter, 


Spring.        Summer,       Autumn, 


Nain 

Fort  Brady,  Mich. . . 

Quebec,  L.  C 

Eastport,  Me 

Fort  Howard,  Mich. 
Fort  Crawford,  Miss. 
Cambridge,  Mass.. . . 
Council  Bluffs,  Miss. 

Newport,  R.I 

Philadelphia 

New  York 

Cincinnati 

Monticello,  Va 

Washington,  D.  C... 

Smithville,  N.  C 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Natchez,  Miss 

Pensacola,  Flor 

St.  Augustine,  do. . . 
Tampa  Bay,      do. . . 


Vera  Cruz. 
Havana  . . 


Bahamas 


Barbadoes 
Cumana  . . 


67°.08' 
46  .39 
46.  47 
44  .54 
44  .40 
43  .03 
42  .21 
41  .25 
41  .30 

39  .56 

40  .40 
39  .06 

37  .58 

38  .53 
34  .00 
32  .47 
31  .34 
30  .28 
29  .48 
27  .57 

19  .11 
23  .10 

26  .40 
to 

27  .5 
13  .10 
10  .27 


26°.42' 

41  .37 

41  .74 

42  .44 

44  .50 

45  .52 
50  .36 
50  .82 
61  .02 
53  .42 
53  .78 
53  .78 
55  .40 
65  .56* 
58  .88 
60  .18 
64  .76 
68  .77t 
72  .23 
72  .37 

77  .72 

78  .08 

78  .3* 

79  .3 

81  .86 


0°.60 
14  .09 
14  .18 
23  .44 
20  .82 
23  .76 
33  .98 
27  .38 
33  .82 
32  .18 
29  .84 
32  .90 
37  .67 
36  .80 
53  .44 
51  .09 
48  .66 
55  .13 
69  .29 
61  .24 

71  .96 
71  .24 

71. 

76  .7 
80  .24 


23°.60 

37  .89 

38  .04 
38  .68 
41  .40 
43  .09 
47  .66 
46  .38 
46  .87 
61  .44 
61  .26 
54  .14 
64  .67 
53  .83 

64  .76 
66  .73 

65  .48 
69  .67 

71  .47 

72  .93 

77  .90 

78  .98 

77. 

19. 
83  .66 


48°.38 

61  .83 

68  .00 

60  .54 

68  .70 

69  .78 

70  .70 

72  .84 
68  .70 

73  .94 

79  .16 

72  .86 

73  .33 
75  .90 

80  .46 
80  .89 

79  .16 
82  .57 

82  .73 

80  .14 

81  .50 

83  .30 

83. 

81. 

82  .04 


33°.44 
43  .94 
46  .04 
45  .43 

45  .18 

46  .74 
49  .82 
48  .60 
53  .83 
56  .48 
64  .50 
64  .86 
56  .50 
56  .59 

68  .15 
67  .55 
66  .02 

69  .05 
75  .15 
75  .26 

78  .62 

78  .98 

80. 

80. 
80  .24 


61°.80 

62  .87 
73  .40 

63  .52 

73  .67 

71  .34 

72  .86 

76  .92 
71  .46 

77  .00 
80  .78 

74  .30 

75  .00 
79  .13 
82  .93 

82  .81 

79  .70 

83  .55 
83  .94 

80  .72 

81  .86 

83  .84 

90. 

84  .38 


11°.20 

12  .65 

13  .81 
20  .91 
17  .95 
20  .14 

29  .84 
27  .19 
32  .14 
32  .72 
25  .34 

30  .20 
36  .00 
34  .66 
50  .69 
49  .43 
46  .94 
53  .80 
56  .60 
58  .70 

71  .06 
69  .98 

64. 
79  .16 


St.  Louis,  Missouri,  Lat.  3.5°  46'.     Mean  temp.  55°  .86.     New  Harmony,  Lat.  38°  U'.    Mean  temp.  56°  .74, 
New  Orleans,  Lat.  30°.    Mean  temp.  69°  .01.    -Baton  Eouge,  Lat.  30°  .26'.     Mean  temp.  68°  .07. 
Jamaica,  coast.  Mean  temp.  80°  .6. 


Ranse  of  Mean  Tejiperatoee  in  the  U.  States  for  the  Extreme  Months,  Seasons,  and  Tear 
(Armi/  Jleteoroloffical  Register,  1855.) 


Stations. 


Hancock  Barracks,  Maine 17 

Fort  Sullivan,  Maine 25 

Fort  Constitution,  New  Hampshire,  25 
Fort  Independence,  Massachusetts,  17 

Fort  Columbus,  New  York 33 

Watervliet,  New  York 31 

Alleghany  Arsenal,  Pennsylvania...  22 

Fort  McHenry,  Baltimore,  Md 24 

Fort  Monroe,  Virginia,  (Norfolk,)...  30 
Fort  Moultrie,  S.  C,  (Charleston,)...  28 
Fort  Marion,  St.  Augustine,  Florida,  20 

Key  West,  (Florida,) 14 

Fort  Brooke,  Florida 25 

Fort  Barrancas,  Pensacola,  Florida,  17 
MountVernon  Arsenal,  Mobile,  Ala.,  14 

Fort  Pike,  Louisiana 14 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana 20 

Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana 24 

Fort  Jessup,  Louisiana 23 

Fort  Gibson,  Indian  Territory 27 

Jefferson  Barracks,  Missouri 26 

St.  Louis,  Missouri 12 

Fort  Gratiot,  Michigan 17 

Fort  Mackinac,  Michigan 24 

Fort  Brady,  Michigan 31 

Fort  Howard,  Wisconsin 21 

Fort  Crawford,  Wisconsin 19 

Fort  Armstrong,  Illinois 11 

Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota 35 

Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas 24 

Fort  Kearney,  Nebraska 6 

Fort  Laramie,  Nebraska 6 

Fort  Brown,  Texas ,     7 

Fort  Mcintosh,  Texas 6 

Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico ,.     5 

San  Diego,  California 5 

Benicia,  California 6 

Fort  Vancouver,  Oregon 6 

Fort  Steilaeoom,  Washington  Ter.,    6 


46°.07' 

44  .54 

43  .04 
42  .20 
40  .42 
42  .43 

40  .32 
39  .17 

37  .00 
32  .45 

29  .48 

24  .32 

28  .00 

30  .18 

31  .12 
30  .10 

29  .57 

30  .26 

31  .33 

34  .47 

38  .28 

38  .40 

42  .65 

45  .61 

46  .30 

44  .30 

43  .05 

41  .30 

44  .53 

39  .21 

40  .38 

42  .12 

25  .54 
27  .31 

35  .41 

32  .42 
38  .03 

45  .40 

47  .10 


January. 

July. 

8.7 

Spring. 

Summer. 

Autumn. 

Winter. 

16.0 

6.4 

6.8 

7.2 

7.1 

14.0 

9.9 

7.7 

6.8 

4.7 

7.8 

14.0 

9.0 

7.0 

7.4 

6.7 

11.9 

9.9 

8.6 

7.8 

4.9 

6.9 

11.0 

12.6 

11.8 

7.8 

7.1 

9.9 

10.3 

15.3 

10.6 

8.8 

6.7 

9.2 

12.8 

18.9 

14.5 

12.9 

7.8 

12.0 

11.2 

14.2 

6.8 

8.9 

6.0 

7.2 

1L2 

16.9 

7.4 

10.1 

6.9 

7.6 

16.0 

18.3 

6.1 

7.1 

7.3 

9.5 

16.7 

16.1 

8.6 

11.3 

6.7 

7.1 

15.4 

12.6 

5.9 

8.5 

3.2 

4.2 

8.2 

17.7 

6.8 

6.8 

6.4 

4.8 

11.9 

18.2 

5.3 

7.1 

3.2 

4.5 

9.7 

14.2 

6.1 

4.7 

4.3 

5.6 

6.8 

10.7 

6.2 

6.2 

3.0 

7.0 

13.3 

18.0 

6.8 

7.4 

6.2 

5.5 

8.9 

15.4 

7.1 

9.3 

4.8 

6.9 

11.1 

17.5 

7.8 

9.0 

4.6 

7.6 

10.6 

19.5 

7.8 

9.2 

8.6 

11.3 

14.4 

17.6 

12.0 

15.0 

9.1 

10.2 

19.2 

14.0 

7.2 

7.2 

4.7 

7.4 

7.3 

1.3.6 

1L8 

11.8 

8.2 

8.9 

10.7 

12.3 

10.3 

8.1 

5.8 

7.9 

9.9 

13.0 

13.3 

1.3.0 

8.5 

9.8 

9.0 

14.5 

11.8 

9.2 

7.6 

9.9 

16.6 

19.6 

10.4 

17.7 

8.1 

9.2 

16.4 

18.5 

10.3 

6.8 

8.3 

6.2 

17.4 

27.9 

14.6 

17.3 

11.0 

10.4 

16.0 

24.7 

10.0 

17.8 

8.0 

9.4 

13.3 

19.9 

5.2 

6.8 

4.1 

7.0 

13.0 

1.3.2 

4.5 

6.4 

2.6 

10.8 

4.8 

10.0 

2.9 

2.5 

2.2 

3.1 

4.2 

10.2 

3.7 

4.8 

6.6 

3.1 

3.6 

4.3 

6.9 

2.3 

1.8 

5.0 

3.7 

3.7 

6.9 

40.7 

2.7 

3.6 

2.6 

6.9 

4.9 

4.6 

2.9 

3.4 

3.2 

10.1 

3.4 

4.0 

2.5 

2.2 

2.3 

12.6 

3.8 

2.3 

1.8 

2.8 

4.0 

5.0 
3.7 
6.7 
4.7 
7.3 
7.4 
7.8 
4.9 
9.0 
6.9 
6.7 
3.5 
4.0 
3.0 
3.5 
4.8 
4.7 
4.2 
6.6 
6.9 
7.0 
3.7 
6.1 
6.1 
7.1 
6.1 
8.9 
7.5 
8.6 
8.0 
5.3 
6.8 
L6 
1.9 
0.8 
2.3 
8.2 
1.4 
2.0 


CLIMATERIC 


15 


CLINOID 


2.  EUKOPE,  AFRICA,  &c. 


Latitude. 


Mean  tem- 
perature ol 
several 
years. 


I  temperature  of  different  seasons. 


Wiiiter. 


Spring. 


Summer, 


Mean  temperature  of 


48°.12' 

48  .1 
50  .40 

52  .11 

50  .52 
55  .42 

51  .54 

49  .13 
48  .50 
43  .7 

43  .24 
47  .13 

44  .50 
43  .36 

43  .46 

43  .42 
43  .17 
43  .07 

43  .33 

44  .25 
43  .43 
41  .53 
40  .54 
37  .47 
36  .32 

32  .37 

36  .48 

28  .28 

Cairo I    30  .02 


Geneva 

Grosport 

Newport,  Isle  of  Wight 

Sidmouth 

Penzance 

Undercliff 

Ilastings 

Bute 

Cove  of  Cork 

Jersey 

Paris 

Pan 

Sienna 

Nantes 

Bordeaux 

Montpellier 

Avignon 

Florence 

Nice 

Marseilles 

Toulon 

Leghorn 

Crenoa 

Pisa 

Rome 

Naples 

St.  Michaels,  Azores. 
Cadiz 


Madeira,  Funohal. 

Algiers 

Canaries,  Santa  Cruz. 


49°.28 

50  .24 

51  .00 

52  .10 
51  .80 
51  .11 
57  .00 
48  .25 
51  .58 

53  .06 
51  .08 

54  .95 

55  .60 

55  .62t 

56  .48 

57  .60 

58  .20 

59  .00 
69  .48 
59  .501 

59  .90 

60  .00« 
60  .37 
60  .60 

60  .40 

61  .40 

62  .40 
62  .88 

64  .56 

69  .98 

70  .94 
72  .32 


34°.70 
40  .44 
40  .31 
40  .43 
44  .03 

42  .14 

40  .11 

39  .62 

43  .90 

43  .82 
38  .66 

41  .79 

40  .50 

42  .23 
42  .08 

44  .20 

42  .60 

44  .30 

47  .82 

45  .50 

43  .30 

46  .30 

44  .57 
46  .03 

45  .86 

48  .50 

57  .83 
52  .90 

59  .50 
61  .52 
64  .65 

58  .46 


47°.66 
47  .63 

49  .00 

50  .66 
49  .63 
29  .26 

45  .77 

46  .66 

49  .43 

50  .97 
49  .28 
54  .96 
54  .10 
53  .10 
56  .46 
53  .33 
67  .13 

56  .00 

66  .23 

67  .66 
63  .70 

57  .60 

58  .60 
57  .20 

57  .74 

58  .50 

61  .17 

59  .53 

62  .20 
65  .66 

68  .87 
73  .58 


64°. 94 

62  .00 

63  .09 

63  .83 
60  .70 
60  .28 

60  .45 
58  .02 

61  .26 

62  .84 

64  .58 

67  .41 
70  .80 
70  .73 

70  .88 

71  .30 
74  .66 
74  .00 

72  .26 
72  .50 
74  .30 
74  .10 

74  .03 
76  .16 

75  .20 
70  .83 

68  .33 
70  .43 

69  .33 
80  .24 

76  .68 
85  .10 


60° 
50 
51 
53  , 

53  , 
62  . 
51  . 
48  , 
51  . 

54  , 
51  , 

66  , 

67  , 
66  . 
66  , 
61  . 
69  . 

60  . 

61  , 
60  . 
59  . 

62  . 
62  . 
62  . 
62  . 

64  . 
62  . 

65  . 


66°.56 


34°.ie 


65  .30 


70  .62 
73  .04 


36  .14 


39  .02 
41  .00 


67  .23 
72  .50 
74  .17 
71  .42 


i7  .00 


82  .76 
85  .82 


42  .26 


60  .08  I 
56  .12 


London,  Lat.  51°  .30'.     Mean  temp.  50°  .30. 
Perpignan,  Mean  temp.  59°  .54. 
Nismes,  Mean  temp.  60°  .26. 


Environs  of  London.  Mean  temp.  48°  .81. 
Lyons,  Mean  temp.  55°  .71). 


In  the  United  States,  the  most  favourable  re- 
gion for  the  phthisical  invalid  is  that  of  Florida, 
— especially  of  Pensacola.  St.  Augustine  is  fre- 
quently chosen,  but  it  is  liable  to  north-east 
storms,  vfhioh  interfere  with  the  out-door  move- 
ments of  the  valetudinarian,  and  are  the  source 
of  much  discomfort.  Still,  great  benefit  has  often 
been  derived  from  it  as  a  winter  retreat.  Of  the 
Atlantic  Isles,  Madeira  appears  to  be  best  adapted 
for  the  consumptive,  and  those  affected  with 
chronic  bronchitis.  In  Italy,  Rome,  and  Pisa, — 
and  in  England,  Torquay  and  Undercliff,  are  to 
be  preferred.  Chronic  rheumatism  and  gout  are 
benefited  by  a  warm  climate,  which,  again,  is  un- 
favourable to  those  who  are  predisposed  to  cere- 
bral diseases,  especially  to  such  as  are  charac- 
terized by  debility  and  mobility  of  the  nervous 
system — as  paralysis,  epilepsy,  mania,  &c.  Hypo- 
chondriasis and  dyspepsia  require  rather  change 
of  climate  and  travelling  exercise  than  a  sojourn 
in  any  one.  (See  the  Author's  Human  Health, 
Philad.,  1844). 

For  the  mortality  of  different  countries  and 
cities,  see  Mortality. 

CLIMATERIC,  Climacteric. 

CLI'MATIC,  CUmat'icus,  GU'matal.  Belong- 
ing to,  or  dependent  upon  climate. 

Climatic  Diseases,  Morhi  climat'ici,  are  such 
as  are  caused  by  climate. 

CLIMATOL'OGY,  CUmatolog"ia,  (F.)  Clima- 
tologie,  from  KXtiia,  'a  region,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a,  dis- 
course.' A  treatise  on  climates,  their  effects  on 
organized  bodies,  &c.,  Ac. 

CLIMBER,  WOODY,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia. 

CLINE,  K\tvn,  'abed.'     Hence: 

CLINIATER,  Clinical  physician. 

CLINIATRIA.  Clinical  medicine. 


CLINIATRUS,  Clinical  physician. 

CLINIC,  see  Clinique. 

CLINICA,  Clinical  medicine. 

CLIN'ICAL,  Clin'icus,  (F.)  Clinique,  from 
k\lvi^,  'a  bed.'     Relating  to  a  bed. 

Clinical  Lbctuee,  (F.)  Leoon  Clinique.  One 
given  at  the  bed-side,  or  on  a  particular  case  or 
cases. 

Clinical  Med'icine,  Cliniatri'a,Clin'ica,CHn'. 
ice,  (F.)  Medecine  clinique.  That  which  is  occu- 
pied with  the  investigation  of  diseases  at  the 
bed-side,  or  individually. 

Clinical  Physician,  Clinia'ter,  Clinin'trus, 
(F.)  Clinicien.  One  who  practices  or  teaches 
clinical  medicine. 

CLINICE,  Clinical  medicine. 

CLINICIEN,  Clinical  physician. 

CLINICUM,  Clinique. 

CLINIQUE  (F.),  Clinical.  Cliniqtie,Clin'icvm, 
is  also  used  substantively  for  ^eo?c  Clinique  or 
Clinical  School:  a  school  in  which  medicine  is 
taught  by  examining  diseases  on  the  patients 
themselves,  at  the  bed-side,  as  it  were.  Thu.«, 
the  French  say, —  "La  Clinique  de  la  Charife," 
"  The  Clinical  School  of  the  Hospital  La  Charite." 
The  term  has  been  introduced  into  this  country, 
and  anglicised  Clinic. 

CLINO-CEPHA'LIA,  Klino-cepha'lia,  from 
K'Xtvrj,  'a  bed,'  and  K£<pa\i],  'head.'  Monstrosity 
in  which  the  head  is  unusually  flattened,  owing 
to  synostosis  of  the  parietal  and  sphenoid  bones. 

CLINODES,  Clinoid. 

CLINOID,  ClinoVdes,  Clino'des,  Clinoi'deus, 
from  K^Kivrj,  'a  bed,'  and  uiog,  'form.'  Resem- 
bling a  bed. 

Clinoid  Proc"esses,  (Y.)  Apophyses  clrno'idea, 
are  four  processes  at  the  upper  surface  of  the 


CLINOIDEUS 


216 


CLYSTER 


sphenoid  bone,  which  have  been  compared  to  the 
posts  of  a  bed.      On  them  the  pituitary  gland 
rests.     They  are  divided  into  anterior  and  poste- 
rior.    Each  of  the  anterior  terminates  in  a  point 
called  Transverse  Spinous  Process. 
CLINOIDEUS,  Clinoid. 
CLINOPODIA,  Thymus  mastichina. 
CLINOPODIUM  ARVENSE,  C.  vulgare  — c. 
Incanum,  Pycnanthemum  incanum — c.  Majus,  C. 
vulgare. 

Clinopo'dium  Vulga're,  from  K\ivrj,  'a  bed,' 
and  T!ovs,  TToiog,  'foot/  so  called  from  the  shape 
of  its  ilowers,  Clinopodium  arven'se  seu  majus, 
Oc"i/mnm  sylves'tre,  Melis'sa  clinopo'dium,  Thy- 
mus sylvat'icus.  Wild  Basil,  (F.)  Grand  Basilic 
sauvage.  A  European  plant,  Ord.  Labiatse,  which 
was  formerly  considered  to  be  an  antidote  to  the 
bites  of  venomous  animals,  to  facilitate  labour, 
relieve  strangury,  stop  diarrhoea,  <fec. 

OLIQ  UE  TIS,  Crepitation  —  c.  Iletallique, 
Tintement  metalliqne. 

CLISEOM'ETER,   Clisiom'eter,  (F.)  Klisioml- 
tre,  from  kXio-i;,  'inclination,'  and  ixerpov,  'a  mea- 
sure.'    An  instrument,  intended  to  measure  the 
degree  of  inclination  of  the  pelvis  and  to  deter- 
mine the  relation  between  the  axis  of  the  pelvis 
and  that  of  the  body. — Osiander,  Stein. 
CLITBUK,  Arctium  lappa. 
CLITHE,  Arctium  lappa. 
CLITHEREN,  Galium  aparine. 
CLITORICARCINO'MA,  from  xXeirop,;,  'clito- 
ris,' and  KapKivo)iia,  'cancer.'  Cancer  of  the  clitoris. 
CLITORIDES     INPERIORES     LATI     ET 
PLANI  MUSCULI,  Constrictores  cunni. 

CLIT'ORIS,  from  kXyiti^p,  'a  servant  who  in- 
vites guests'  [?].  Clei'toris,  Cte'toris,  Cleithoris, 
Oleitor'ion,  Cleithorion,  Dulce'do  Amor' is,  Venus, 
Myrton,  Murton,  Murtwm,  CEstrum,  (Estrus,  Coles 
femina'rum.  Penis  mulie'hris  seu/emineus,  Men'- 
tula  mulie'bris,  Memhrum  mulie'bre,  Superla'hia, 
Cereo'sis,  Hypoder'mis,  Nympha,,  Nymphe,  Epi- 
der'rhis,  Libi'dinis  Sedes,  Tunic'ida,  Crista.  A 
small,  round  organ,  s.ituate  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  vulva,  and  separated  by  a  small  space  from 
the  anterior  commissure  of  the  labia.  Its  base  is 
surrounded  by  a  slight  fold,  similar  to  the  pre- 
puce ;  and  jt  is,  internally,  of  the  same  structure 
as  the  coipora  cavernosa  penis.  The  artery  of 
the  clitoris,  (F.)  A.  Glitorienne  ou  Clitoridienne, 
is  a  branch  of  the  internal  pudic.  The  vein  com- 
municates with  the  internal  pudic,  and  the  nerve 
with  the  pudic. 

CLIT'ORISM,  Clitoris'mus.     The  abuse  made 
of  the  clitoris.     Also,  an  unusually  large  clitoris, 
Cereo'sis  extern' a  sen  Clitor'idis,  Cauda' tio,  Cauda. 
CLITORI'TIS,  Clitoriti'tis,  from  kXhtopi?, 
'clitoris,'  and  itis,  '  denoting  inflammation.'     In- 
flammation of  the  clitoris. 
CLITORITITIS,  Clitoritis. 
CLITORIUM,  Vulva. 
OLIVER,  Galium  aparine. 
CLIVUS  BLUMENBACH'IL     An  inclining 
surface  behind  the  dorsum  ephippii  of  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  which  is  continuous  with  the  basilar 
process  of  the  occipital  bone. 

CLOA'CA,  (F.)  Cloaque,  akin  to  (cXu^w,  'I 
wash'  [?].  The  pouch  at  the  extremity  of  the 
intestinal  canal,  in  which  the  solid  and  liquid 
excretions  are  commingled  in  birds,  fish  and  rep- 
tiles. In  the  male,  it  gives  exit  to  the  excre- 
ments, sporm  and  urine :  in  the  female,  to  the 
eggs,  faecal  matters,  and  urine. 
CLOANX,  Orpiment. 
CLOAQUE,  Cloaca. 

CLOCHE  (F.).  A  popular  expression  in 
France  for  a  blister  or  other  vesicle. 

CL  0  IS  0  N,  Septum  —  c.  des  Fosses  nasales. 
Septum  narium  —  c.  Transparente,  Septum  lu- 
cidum. 


CLOISONNEMENT,  see  Generation.  Also, 
the  division  of  a  hollow  organ  —  as  the  bladder, 
vagina,  and  uterus,  into  two  portions  by  a  sep- 
tum,—  a  malformation  —  anomalie  par  cloisonne- 
ment. 

CLONIC,  Clon'icus,  from  k\ovo;,  '  agitation,' 
'motion.'  (F.)  Clonique.  Irregular  convulsive 
motions.'  Convulsion  with  alternate  relaxation; 
in  contradistinction  to  tonic,  which  signifies  a 
constant  rigidity  ; — Clonus,  Clon'ici  partia'les. 

Clonic  Spasm,  see  Spasm. 

CLONICI  UNIVERSALES,  Synelonus. 

CLONIQUE,  Clonic. 

CLONIS,  Sacrum. 

CLONISM,  C^onis'musy  same  etymon.  Clonic 
spasm. — Baumes. 

•  CLONO'DES,  from  kXovo^,  'agitation,'  and 
uiog,  '  resemblance.'  Convulsive.  Galen  applies 
this  term  to  the  pulse,  when  convulsive,  as  it 
were,  and  unequal.  He  compares  the  sensation 
it  communicates  to  the  finger  to  that  produced 
by  a  bundle  of  sticks  or  of  rods  in  vibration. 

CLONOS  EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy— c.  Hydro- 
phobia, Hydrophobia. 

CLONUS,  Synelonus — c.  Nictitatio,  Nictation 
— c  Palpitatio,  Palpitation — c.  Pandiculatio,  Pan- 
diculation— e.  Pandiculatio  maxillarum.  Yawning 
— c.  Singultus,  Singultus — c.  Sternutatio,  Sneez- 
ing— c.  Subsultus,  Subsultus  tendinum. 

CLOPEMANIA,  Kleptomania. 

CLOPORTES  ORDINAIRES,  Onisci  aselli. 

CLOSE-STOOL,  Lasanum. 

CLOT,  Coagulum — c.  of  Blood,  see  Blood. 

CLOTBUR,  Xanthium. 

CLOTHING,  Vestitus. 

CLOTTY,  Griimo'sus,  (F.)  Grumeleux.  Com- 
posed of  clots. 

CLOU,  Clavus,  Furunculus — c.  de  Girofle,  see 
Eugenia  caryophyllata  —  c.  Hysterique,  Clavus 
hystericus — c.  de  I'  CEil,  Clavus  oculi — c.  de  Seigle-, 
Ergot. 

CLOUDBERRIES,  Rubus  chamsemorus. 

CLOUDBERRY  TREE,  Rubus  chamsemorus. 

CLOVE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata — c.  Bark, 
see  Myrtus  caryophyllata  —  c.  Pink,  Dianthus 
caryophyllus  —  c.  July  flower,  Dianthus  caryo- 
phyllus. 

CLOVE-TONGUE,  Helleborus  niger. 

CLUBFEET,  Kyllosis. 

CLUBMOSS,  Lycopodium  —  c.  Common,  Ly- 
copodium  complanatum  —  c.  Fir,  Lycopodium 
selago — c.  Upright,  Lycopodium  selago. 

CLUNES,  Nates. 

CLUNE'SIA,  from  Chines,  'the  nates.'  Proe- 
tal'<jia,  Procti'tis.  An  inflammation  of  the  but- 
tocks.— Vogel. 

CLUNIS,  Sacrum. 

CLUPEATHRYSSA.  The  Yelloxo-bilhd 
Sprat ;  a  very  poisonous  fish  of  the  West  Indies. 

CLUTIA  ELUTERIA,  Croton  cascarilla. 

CLYDON,  Flatulence. 

CLYPEALIS  (Cartilago.)     Thyroid  cartilage. 

CLYSANTLIUM,  Syringe,  Clyster. 

CLYSIS,  Clysmus.  Same  etymon  as  clyster. 
The  application  of  a  clyster.  Washing  out  by 
means  of  a  clyster. 

CLYSMA,  Clysis,  Clyster,  Enema— c.  Toni- 
cum,  Enema  fcetidum. 

CLYSMA'TION,  same  etymon  as  clyster.  A 
diminutive  of  clysma.     A  small  clyster. 

CLYSMUS,  Clysis,  Enema. 

GLYSOIR  ou  CLYSOIRE  (F.).  An  appa- 
ratus for  administering  enemata,  consisting  of  a 
long  funnel-shaped  tube  of  elastic  gum,  furnished 
with  a  pipe  at  the  apex.  An  instrument,  similar 
to  this,  with  a  syringe  attached,  is  called  a  Cly- 
sopompe. 

CLYS0P03IPE,  Olysoir,  Syringe. 

CLYSTER,    Clyste'rium,     Clysma,    Enelya'ma, 


C  LTSTERE 


217 


COCCI  GRANUM 


Clysm.xi8,  En'ema,  Lavamen' turn,  K'Xvarnp,  from 
kXv^uv,  'to  wash.'  (F.)  Clystere,  Lavement, 
Reniede.  A  liquid,  thrown  into  the  large  intes- 
tines by  means  of  a  syringe,  or  bladder  and  pipe 
properly  prepared,  &c. ;  the  nozzle  of  the  syringe 
or  pipe  being  introduced  into  the  anus.  See 
Enema. 

Clyster  of  Aloes,  Enema  aloes — c.  Anodyne, 
Enema  anodynum  —  e.  of  Assafostida,  Enema  as- 
safoetida  —  c.  Cathartic,  Enema  oatharticum  —  c. 
of  Colocynth,  Enema  colocynthidis  —  c.  Com- 
mon, Enema  commune  —  c.  Domestic,  Enema 
commune  —  c.  Fetid,  Enema  foetidum  —  c.  Pipe, 
Elasma — c.  Purging,  Enema  catharticum  —  c. 
Starch  and  opium,  Enema  anodynum— c.  Tobac- 
co, Enema  tabaci  —  c.  Turpentine,  Enema  tere- 
binthinse — c.  Uterinus,  Sparallium. 
CLYSTERE,  Enema. 
CNEME,  Leg.  Tibia. 

CNEMODACTYL^US,  Extensor  communis 
digitorum  pedis. 

CNEMOLORDO'SIS,  from  Kvrijitj,  'the  leg.' 
and  'Kophusaiq,  'the  state  of  being  bent  forward.' 
Bending  of  the  leg  forward. 

CNEMOSCOLIO'SIS,  from  Kvniit,,  'leg,'  and 
o-KoXiwcrif, 'bending,'  especially  sideways.  Bend- 
ing of  the  leg  sideways.  The  state  of  being  how- 
legged,  or  bandy-legged,  (Prov.)  Scrog-legged, 
shacJcle-hammed,  (L.)  Valgus. 
CNEORON,  Daphne  gnidium. 
CNEORUM  TRICOC'CUM,  Ahneze'rion,  Ac- 
nes'tos,  Chamcele'a,  Widoio-wail,  Sjyurge-Olive, 
(F.)  Camelee.  This  plant,  Ord.  Terebinthacete, 
a  native  of  Southern  Europe,  contains  a  very  ir- 
ritating, acrid  principle.  The  ancients  employed 
its  leaves  as  a  powerful  purgative.  It  is  now 
sometimes  used  for  deterging  ulcers. 

CNESIS,  Cnesmos,  Cnismos.  A  painful  itching. 
— G-alen. 

CNESMA,  Itching. 
CNESMOS,  Cnesis,  Itching,  Prurigo. 
CNICEL^'UM,  from  kviko;,  'carthamus,'  and 
c\aiov,  'oil.'     Oil  of  carthamus. — Dioscorides. 

CNICUS,  Carthamus  tinctorius — c.  Sylvestris, 
Centaurea  benedicta. 

CNIDEL^'ON,  CnUela'um,  from  kvl^h, 
*  cnidian,'  and  tXaiov,  '  oil.'  Oil  made  from  the 
grana  cnidia  or  mezereon  berries. — Dioscorides. 

CNID'IA  GRANA,  Cnidii  Cocci,  Coccognid'ia, 
jSSto'lion,  Ooceum.  The  berries  of  the  Daphne 
gnidium. — Foesius. 

CNIDIUM  SILAUS,  Peucedanum  silaus  — c. 
Tenuifolium,  Sison  ammi. 

CNIDO'SIS.  A  pungent  itching,  compared  to 
that  produced  by  the  Urtica  urens  or  Nettle. 
(Kvii}].) — -Hippoc.     Urticaria,'  urticatio. 

CNIP'OTES,    Pruri'tus.     Itching.     The    dry 
ophthalmia,  Xero2)hthal' mia. 
CNISMOREGMIA,  Pyrosis. 
CNISMOS,  Cnesmos. 
CNISSA,  see  Nidorous. 

CNISSOREG'MIA,  from  Kxnuua,  'the  smell  of 
burnt  fat,'  and  opsyo),  'I  put  forth;'  Buctus  nido- 
ro'sus.  A  nidorous  eructation,  as  of  rotten 
eggs. 

CNYMA,    Kvvfxa.     A    slight   itching.     Also,    a 
puncture  or  vellication. — Galen. 
COACTUS,  see  Curds. 
COACUM,  Phytolacca  deeandra. 
COAGMENTATIO.  Gomphosis. 
COAGULABLE  LYMPH,  Fibrin,  Liquor  san- 
guinis. 

COAG'ULANTS,  Coagxdan'tia,  from  coagu- 
lare, — itself  from  co  and  agere,  'to  act  together,' 
or  from  cogo,  '  to  drive  or  bring  together.'  Reme- 
dies, or  poisons,  supposed  to  possess  the  power 
of  coagulating  the  blood,  or  to  give  consistency 
to  animal  fluids.  The  word  and  the  absurd  no- 
tions connected  with  it  are  equally  abandoned. 


COAGULA'TION,  Coagula'tio,  Thromho'sis, 
The  conversion  of  a  liquid  into  a  more  or  less 
soft  and  tremulous  mass.  Many  animal  and 
vegetable  fluids  are  capable  of  coagulation. 
COAGULATUS,  see  Curds. 
COAG'ULUM,  Gnimus,  (F.)  Caillot,  Grumeau, 
('a  small  clot.')  A  soft  mass  formed  in  a  coagu- 
lable  liquid.  The  Clot  of  the  Blood  is  particu- 
larly so  called  —  the  Cnior,  Iii'sula,  Placeii'ta, 
Hepar  San'guinis,  Crassanien'tum,  Sanguis  con- 
cre'tus  ; — the  red  mass,  composed  of  fibrin,  serum, 
and  colouring  matter,  which  separates  when  the 
blood  is  left  to  itself.  See  Blood.  The  word  is 
also  applied,  in  pathology,  to  the  sanguineous 
concretions,  which  form  in  different  natural  and 
accidental  cavities;  and  which,  when  they  occur 
at  the  mouth  of  a  divided  artery,  sometimes  sus- 
pend the  flow  of  blood.  This  is,  indeed,  one  of 
the  means  by  which  hemorrhage  is  arrested. 

Coag'ultjm  Alu'winis,  Coag'idiim  Alumino'- 
sum,  Cataplashiia  alu'nnnis.  Alum  curd  or  cata- 
plasm. This  is  made  by  beating  the  white  of 
egg  with  a  little  alum,  until  a  coagulum  is  formed. 
It  is  applied  in  cases  of  ophthalmia,  where  ai? 
astringent  is  necessary. 

COALES'CENCE,  Coaleseen' tia,  Coalit"io 
par'tium,  from  coalescere,  '  to  run  together,' 
[co,  and  alere,  '  to  nourish,')  Sym'physis,  Pros' - 
physis.  The  adhesion  or  union  of  parts  pre- 
viously separated,  as  in  case  of  wounds  and  pre- 
ternatural adhesions  or  malformations.  See 
Monster. 

COALFISH,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli, 

COALITIO,  Coalition,  Symphysis. 

CoALiTio  Partium,  Coalescence. 

COALIT"ION,  CoalWio.  The  same  etymon 
as  coalescence.  It  has  been  used  in  the  same 
cases;  as  well  as  to  express  the  action  of  several 
parts  of  the  frame,  which  have  the  same  nu- 
trition. 

COALITUS,  Symphysis. 

COALTER'N^  FEBRES.  A  name  given  to 
two  intermittents,  which  attack  a  person  at  the 
same  time,  but  whose  paroxysms  are  distinct:  so 
that  the  attack  of  one  supervenes  when  the  other 
has  ceased.  The  term  Double  Intermittent  ex- 
presses the  same  meaning. 

COAPTA'TION,  Coaptta'tio,  from  co,  and 
aptare,  '  to  adjust,'  'adapt;'  Parago'ge.  The  act 
of  adapting  the  two  extremities  of  a  fractured 
bone  to  each  other;  or  of  restoring  a  luxated 
bone  to  its  place.  Coaptation  must  be  effected 
gently.  Usually,  extension  and  counter-exten- 
sion are,  in  the  first  place,  necessary. 

COARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis,  Synarthrosis, 

COARCTATIO,  Arctatio,  Coarctation,  Stric- 
ture— c.  Ventriculi,  Stricture  of  the  Stomach. 

COARCTA'TION,  Coarcta'tio,  from  coarctare, 
'to  straiten.'  Stricture.  Avicenna  speaks  of 
Cocirctation  of  the  Pulse. 

OOARCTOTOMIE,  Coarctotom'ia,  a  hybrid 
term,  from  coarctare,  '  to  narrow,'  and  rofxri,  '  in- 
cision.' Urethrotomy,  when  limited  to  the  simple 
division  of  a  stricture. 

COAT,  see  Enduit — c.  Buffy,  Corium  phlogis- 
ticum. 

COATED,  see  Enduit. 

COBALT,  PROTOXIDE  OF,  Smalt 

COBHAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cob- 
ham  is  seven  miles  from  Kingston,  in  Surrey, 
England.     The  waters  are  weak  saline  purgatives. 

COBRA  DI  CAPELLO,  Crotalus  horridus. 

COBWEB,  Araneaj  tela. 

COCASH,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 

COCCA'RIUM.     A  very  small  pill. 

COCCHIA,  Cochia. 

COCCI  GRANUM,  Kermes— c.  Orientales,  see 
Menispermum  cocculus. 


COCCIGIO-CUTAN^ 


218 


COCHLEARIS 


COCOIGIO-CUTANE  SPHINCTER,S^Vmc- 
ter  ani  externus. 

COCCINELLA,  diminutive  of  kokko;,  coccus, 
'  a  berry'  which  it  resembles.     Coccus  cacti. 

Coccinel'la  Septempuncta'ta,  Lady  -  bird, 
Lady-cow,  Lady-bug,  Cow-lady,  CueTiy-cow-Jady, 
(Prov.)  Fly-golding,  Golden-bug,  Golden-hnop. 
This  insect,  bruised  upon  an  aching  tooth,  has 
long  been  regarded  as  anti-odontalgic, 

COC'CION,  KOKKiov.  A  weight,  mentioned  by 
Myrepsus  ;  the  same  as  the  siliqua. 

COCCIONELLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCCOBALSAMUM,  see  Amyris  opobalsa- 
mum. 

COCCOGiSriDIA,  Cnidia  grana. 

COCCOLOBA  UVIFERA,  see  Kino. 

COCCONES,  see  Punica  granatum. 

COCCUL^  OFFICINARUM,  see  Menisper- 
mum  cocculus. 

COCCULUS  CRISPUS,  Menispermum  tuber- 
culatum— c.  Indi  aromaticus,  see  Myrtus  pimenta 
— c.  Indicus,  see  Menispermum  cocculus — c.  Pal- 
matus,  Columba  —  c.  Suberosus,  Menispermum 
cocculus. 

COCCUM,  Cnidia  grana,  Kermes  —  e.  Baphi- 
cum,  Kermes — c.  Infectorium,  Kermes — c.  Scar- 
latinum,  Kermes — c.  Tinctorum,  Kermes. 

COCCUS,  (KOKKog,  'a  berry,')  Coccus  cacti — c. 
Americanus,  Coccus  cacti. 

Coccus  Cacti.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Coeh'ineal  Insect,  Coccinel'la,  CocMnil'la,  Coccio- 
nel'la,  Coccinil'la ,  Ficus  hi'dicE  grana,  Coccus 
Polon'icus  seu  America'nus  seu  In'dicus  Tincto'- 
rius,  Scaraha' olus  hemisphcB'rictis,  Cochinelif'era 
cochinil'la,  Coccus  America' nua,  Cochinelle,  Coc- 
cus; the  Coeh'ineal  Animal,  (F.)  Cochenille, 
Graine  d'Ecarlate.  Class,  Insecta.  Order,  He- 
miptera.  The  cochineal  insects  have  a  faint, 
heavy  odour;  their  taste  is  acrid,  bitterish,  and 
astringent ;  colour  blackish-red  externally,  — 
purple-red  within.  They  are  used  chiefly  for 
giving  a  red  colour  to  tinctures,  &c.  They  were, 
at  one  time,  esteemed  astringent,  stimulant,  diu- 
retic, and  anodyne. 

Coccus  Ilicis,  Kermes — e.  Indicus  tinetorius, 
Coccus  cacti — c.  Indicus,  see  Menispermum  coc- 
culus— c.  Polonicus,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCCYCEPH'ALUS,  Coccy'go-ceph'ahis,  (F.) 
Coccycephale,  from  coccyx  and  KopaXri,  'the  head.' 
A  monster  whose  head  has  the  shape  of  the  os 
coccygis. 

COCCYGEAL,  Coceygeus— c.  Nerve,  see  Sa- 
cral Nerves. 

COCCYGE'US,  Coccyge'al,  (F.)  Coccygien, 
from  KOKKv^,  because  it  is  inserted  into  the  coccyx  ; 
Ischio- Coceygeus,  (F.)  Isehio-coccygien.  Belong- 
ing both  to  the  ischium  and  coccyx.  The  muscle 
IscJiio-coccygeus,  Leva'tor  Coccy'gis,  Triangula'ris 
Coccy'gis.  It  arises  from  the  spinous  process  of 
the  ischium,  and  is  inserted  into  the  extremity  of 
the  sacrum;  and  into  nearly  the  whole  length  of 
the  OS  coccygis  laterally.  It  retains  the  coccyx 
in  place,  and  prevents  it  from  being  forced  back- 
wards during  the  evacuation  of  the  faeces. 

COGCYGIO-ANAL,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

COCCYGIO-GUTANE  SPHINCTER, 
Sphincter  ani  externus. 

COCCYGOCEPHALUS,  Coccycephalus. 

COCCYMELEA,  Prunus  domestica. 

COCCYX,  'a  cuckoo,'  whose  bill  it  is  said  to 
resemble ;  Os  Coccy'gis  seu  Al'agas,  Cauda,  Ossis 
sacri  aeu'men.  Rump  or  Crupper  Rone,  Cu' cuius, 
Uropyg'ion,  Spon'dylis,  Spondyl'ium.  An  assem- 
blage of  small  bones,  attached  to  the  lower  part 
of  the  sacrum ;  the  curvature  of  which  it  pro- 
longs, and  of  which  it  seems  to  be  an  appendage. 
Generally,  it  consists  of  four  bones.     Behind  the 


base  of  the  coccyx  are  two  small  tubercular  emi- 
nences.    These  are  called  Cornua  of  the  Coccyx. 

COCHEMAR,  Incubus. 

COCHENILLE,  Coctus  cacti. 

COCHERIA,  Cochia. 

C  0  C  H  I  A,  Cocehia,  Coche'ria,  from  kokkos, 
'  berry,'  '  seed,'  or  from  Koxvdo,  '  to  flow  pnifusely.' 
An  ancient  name  for  several  of&cinal  purgative 
pills;  thus  called,  either  because  they  produced 
copious  evacuations,  or  were  shaped  like  a  seed. 

COCHIN  LEG,  see  Elephantiasis. 

COCHINEAL,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCHINELIFERA  COCHINILLA,  Coccus 
cacti. 

COCHINILLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCH'LEA.  A  Snail's  shell,  (F.)  Limaqon, 
Coquille,  Cochlee.  Anatomists  have  given  this 
name  to  the  most  anterior  of  the  three  cavities, 
which  constitute  the  labyrinth  of  the  ear,  the 
Pelvis  Au'rium,  Concha  auris  inter'na  seu  La- 
byrinthi,  Cav'itas  cochlea'ta  seu  buccina'ta,  A?!- 
trum  buccino'sum,  Troch'lea  labyrinth' i : — and 
that  of  ScalcB  of  the  Cochlea,  (F.)  Rampes  du  li- 
maqon,  to  two  spiral  cavities  in  the  interior  of  the 
cochlea.  One  of  these  scalse  terminates  at  the 
Fenes'tra  rotun'da,  and  is  called  Scala  tympiani: 
the  other  opens  at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part 
of  the  vestibule  :  it  is  called  Scala  vestib'uli. 

Cochlea,  Scal^  op  the,  see  Cochlea. 

COCHLEAR,  Cochlea'ris,  (F.)  Cochleaire, 
Cochlearien.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the 
cochlea. 

Cochlear,  Cochleare — c.  Auriculare,  Ear-pick 
— e.  Nerve,  see  Auditory  Nerve. 

COCHLEA'RE,  Coch'lear,  Cochlea' ri urn.,  from 
cochlea  ;  its  bowl  resembling  a  shell.  A  spoonful, 
(P.)  Cuilleree ;  abbreviated  in  prescriptions  usu- 
ally to  coch.     See  Abbreviation.     Also,  a  scoop. 

Cochlea're  Magnum,  a  tablespoonful ;  C.  Me'- 
dium,  a  dessert  or  pap-spoonful;  and  C.  Min'i- 
mum,  a  teaspoonful. 

COCHLEA'RIA,  from  cochleare,  'a  spoon,'  so 
called  from  its  resemblance.     C.  officinalis. 

Cochlea'eiA  Armora'ciA,  Raph'anus  rusti- 
ca'nus  seu  mari'nus  seu  sylves'tris  seu  magna, 
Armora'cia,  A.  sati'va  seu  rnstica'na,  Horse- 
radish; (Sc.)  Rotcoll.  Fam.,  Cruciferse.  Sex. 
Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliculosa.  (F.)  Raifort  sau- 
vage,  Cran,  Cran  de  Rretagne,  Cranson,  3/outarde 
des  3Ioines  ou  des  Allemands,  Radis  de  cheval. 
The  root  of  horseradish  is  frequently  used  at 
table;  and  has  long  been  in  the  Materia  Medica. 
It  is  stimulant  and  diuretic.  Externally,  it  is 
rubefacient. 

Cochlea'ria  Coron'opits,  Coron'opus,  Coron'- 
opus  Ruel'lii  seu  depres'sus  seu  vulga'ris,  Le- 
pid'ium  squama' turn,  Senebie'ra  coron'opins,  Wild 
Scurvy  Grass,  Swine's  Cress,  (F.)  Come  de  Cerf. 
This  European  plant  is  considered  to  be  diuretic 
and  antiscorbutic.  The  term  Coron'ojjus  was 
given,  by  the  ancients,  to  various  plants. 

Cochlearia  IIortensis,  Cochlearia  oflBcinalis. 

Cochlea'ria  Officina'lis,  Cochlearia,  C.  hor- 
ten'sis  seu  2^yrena'ica  seu  vulga'ris.  Lemon  Scurvy 
Grass,  Common  Scurvy  Grass,  (Sc.)  Scruhie-grass, 
(Prov.)  Scrooby-grass,  (F.)  Cranson,  Herbe  aux 
cuillers.  It  has  been  considered  a  powerful  anti- 
scorbutic.    It  is  sometimes  eaten  in  salad. 

Cochlearia  Pyrenaica,  C.  oflicinalis — e.  Vul- 
garis, C.  officinalis. 

COCHLEARIFOR'MIS,  from  cochleare, 
'a  spoon,'  and  forma,  'shape ;'  (F.)  Rec  de  Ciiiller. 

CochleariformiS  Proces'sus,  Cochlear'iform 
process.  A  small,  very  thin  plate,  which  sepa- 
rates the  bony  portion  of  the  Eustachian  tube 
from  the  canal  for  the  passage  of  the  tensor  tym- 
pani. 

COCHLEA'RIS.  A  gelatinous  looking  tissue, 
seen  on  opening  the  cochlea,  by  which  the  mem« 


COCHLEARIUM 


219 


CCELIAC 


branous  zone  is  connected,  at  its  outer  or  convex 
margin,  with  the  outer  wall.  It  is  supposed  by 
Todd  and  Bowman  to  be  muscular;  and  to  have 
a  preservative  offi-ce,  being  placed  to  defend  the 
cochlear  nerves  from  undue  vibrations  of  sound, 
in  a  way  analogous  to  that  in  which  the  iris  pro- 
tects the  retina  from  excessive  light. 

COCHLEARIUM,  Cochleare. 

COCHO'NE,  Koxi^vrj.  The  junction  of  the 
is'chium,  near  the  seat  or  breech. — Foesius.  The 
breech  proper,  from  the  hip-bones  to  the  anus. 
The  perinaeum.     The  coccyx. 

COCIL'IO.     A  weight  of  eleven  ounces. 

COCK-EYE,  see  Luscitas. 

COCK-GRASS,  Lolium  temulentum. 

COCKLE,  CORN,  Lychnis  githago. 

COCKLE-BUR,  Agrimony,  Xanthium. 

COCKLES,  INDIAN,  see  Menispermum  coc- 
eulus. 

COCKMINT,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 

COCKSPUR,  Ergot— c.  Rye,  Ergot. 

COCKUP  HAT,  Stillingia. 

COCKYBABY,  Arum  maculatum. 

COCLES,  Boi-giie. 

COCO,  Cocos  nucifera. 

Coco  OP  THE  Maldives',  Cocos  de  Ifaldi'vd. 
The  fruit  of  a  palm,  called  Lodo'ice'a  by  Com- 
merson.  It  was  formerly  termed,  in  the  shops, 
Nux  Med'ica,  and  enjoyed  great  reputation. 

COCOA,  Cacao,  Cocos  nucifera. 

COCOA  CACAVIFERA.  Cacao. 

COCOBAY,  Mai  de  San  Lazaro. 

COCO-OLEIN,  see  Cocos  nucifera. 

COCOS  BUTYRA'CEA.  The  name  of  the 
plant  which  affords  the  palm  oil,  O'leum  pal'via, 
obtained  chiefly  from  tlie  fruit,  by  bruising  and 
mixing  the  kernels  with  water,  without  the  aid 
of  heat,  by  which  the  oil  is  separated  and  rises 
to  the  surface.  It  is  of  the  consistence  of  an 
ointment,  with  little  taste,  and  a  strong,  though 
not  disagreeable,  smell.  It  is  applied  to  sprains, 
&c. ;  but  has  no  advantages  over  other  oils.  It  has 
been  used  as  the  excipient  for  suppositories,  and 
has  been  called,  also,  O'leum  PalnicB  seha'cexun, 
0.  fix'um  nucum  cocos  butyra'cece  and  3Iackaw 
fat.  It  is  procured  likewise  from  the  Ela'is 
Guineen'sis,  and  Ela'is  Oecidenta'lis,  two  species 
of  palms.  Cocos  is  said  to  be  contracted  from 
(P.)  macoco  or  macaco,  'a,  monkey,'  the  three 
holes  at  the  end  of  the  cocoa-nut  shell  causing 
it  to  resemble  somewhat  a  monkey's  head. 

Cocos  Nucif'era,  Palma  cocos,  (F.)  Cocotier. 
Order,  Palma.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
plant  whose  fruit  is  the  cocoa-nut.  (F. )  Coco. 
It  is  an  agreeable  kernel,  but  not  easy  of  diges- 
tion. Emulsions,  orgeat,  &o.,  are  made  from  it. 
The  juice  of  the  cocoa,  Toddy,  when  fermented, 
forms  wine,  and  arrack  is  distilled  from  it.  The 
expressed  oil — Coco-olein — has  been  found  almost 
as  efBcacious  as  cod-liver  oil  in  tuberculosis. 

CO  COTE.  Influenza. 

COCOTIER,  Cocos  nucifera. 

COCOWORT,  Thlaspi  bursa. 

COCTIO,  Coction,  Digestion — c.  Ciborum,  Di- 
gestion— c.  Morbi,  Coction. 

COCTION,  Coc'tio,  Pepsis,  Pepan'sis,  Pepas'- 
mos,  Sympep'sis,  Concoc'tion,  from  coquere,  coe- 
tum,  'to  boil.'  This  word  has  been  employed  in 
various  senses.  1.  With  the  ancients,  coction 
meant  the  particular  kind  of  alteration  which  the 
food  experiences  in  the  digestive  organs,  particu- 
larly in  the  stomach.  It  meant  a  preparation 
from  its  crude  state.  2.  It  expressed  the  matu- 
ration or  change,  which  the  humoral  pathologists 
believed  morbific  matter  experiences  before  elimi- 
nation. It  was  considered,  that  coction,  Coc'tio 
morbi,  was  produced  during  the  violence  of  the 
disease  ;  and  hence  this  was  called  the  Period  of 
Coction.     See  Humorism. 


COC'YTA,  (F.)  Oocyte,  from  ku>kvto$,  'lamen- 
tation.' The  pain  caused  by  the  introduction  of 
poison  under  the  skin.— Linnasus. 

COD,  or  CODS,  Scrotum. 

COD-OIL,  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

COD-LIVER  OIL,  Oleum  jecoris  aseUi  — c 
Olein,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

CODAGAPALA  BARK,  Nerium  antidysente- 
ricum. 

CODE,  Codex. 

CODEIA,  Codeine. 

COD'EINE,  Code'i'a,  Codei'num,Papaveri'nura, 
from  Kahia,  'a  poppy  head.'  An  alkaloid  disco- 
vered by  Robiquet  in  opium,  in  1832.  It  is 
soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and  ether,  and  unites 
readily  with  acids.  As  a  hypnotic,  Magendie 
thinks  one  grain  of  codeia  equal  to  half  a  grain 
of  morphia.  The  muriate  of  codeia  appears  to 
be  stronger  than  the  pure  codeia. 

CODESELLA,  Anthrax. 

CODEX.  A  collection  of  laws.  (F.)  Code. 
By  extension,  a  collection  of  ajiproved  medical 
formulffi,  with  the  processes  necessary  for  form- 
ing the  compounds  referred  to  in  it.  The  Pari- 
sian Pharmacopoeia  is  styled  Codex  medicamen- 
ta'rius. 

Codex  Medicamentarius,  Pharmacopoeia,  see 
Codex. 

CODIA,  Papaver  (capsule.) 

CODOCELE,  Bubo. 

CODOSCELLA,  Bubo. 

CCECAL,  Ctecal. 

COECITAS,  Csecitas. 

CCECUM,  Cfficum. 

COEFFE,  Caul. 

CCE'LIA,  Koi^ia,  KoiXr],  'a.  hollow  place.'  This 
word  generally  meant  a  cavity  in  the  body: — the 
abdomen,  in  particular.  It  has  also  been  used 
for  the  alimentary  canal,  (fee: — -avm  Koi\ia,  'the 
stomach,'  /carw  KotAta,  'the  abdomen.'  Also,  an 
alvine  evacuation  ;  excrement. 

CCE'LIAC,  Cce'liacus,  Gastrocoe'liacus,  Gastro- 
coe'licus,  (F.)  Coeliaque  ou  Ce.liaque,  from  KoiKia, 
'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  Relating  to  the 
cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

CcELlAC  Artert,  Arte'ria  CcB'linca,  Cceliao 
axis,  Artere  opistogastrique,  (Ch.)  A.  Coeliaque, 
Tronc  coeliaque,  Tripled  de  la  coeliaque,  is  situate 
above  the  pancreas,  and  behind  the  upper  part 
of  the  stomach.  It  arises  from  the  anterior  part 
of  the  abdominal  aorta,  where  it  passes  between 
the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  and  soon  divides 
into  the  coronaria  ventriculi,  hepatic,  and  sp>lenic 
arteries. 

C(ELIAC  Flux,  Coeliac  Passion,  Coelinca  cTiylo'- 
sa,  Diarrhoe' a  chylo'sa  seu  chymo'sa,  Fluxus  chy- 
lo'sus  seu  cceliacus,  Passio  cceliaca  seu  Ventricu- 
lo'sa,  Chymoche'zia,  Fluor  alhus  intestino'rum, 
Chylorrhce'a,  ChymorrJiw'a,  Cceliaca  lac'tea.  Mor- 
bus cceliacus,  Chylodiarrhce' a,  Galactodiarrhoe'a, 
Sedes  laetescen'tes,  Gastrorrhoe'a,  (F.)  Flux  coeli- 
aque. A  species  of  diarrhoea,  in  which  the  food 
is  discharged  by  the  bowels  in  an  undigested 
condition.  By  some,  defined  to  be  diarrhoea  at- 
tended with  discharges  of  chyle  or  chyme.  It  is, 
in  general,  symptomatic  of  tubercular  disease  of 
the  mesenteric  glands.     See  Lientery. 

Cceliac  Passion,  Coeliac  flux. 

CcELiAC  Plexus,  Solar  Plexus,  Plexus  mesen- 
ter'ii  pro'prius  et  max'imus,  P.  gangllfor'mis 
semiluna'ris,  (F.)  Plexus  median  ou  opistogas- 
trique, (Ch.),  PI.  Coeliac  ou  solaire,  Ganglion  de 
ViEussENS,  is  formed  of  numerous  nervous  fila- 
ments, which  proceed  from  the  semilunar  ganglia 
of  the  great  sympathetic.  It  is  strengthened  by- 
several  branches  of  the  right  and  left  pneumo- 
gastric  nerves;  is  seated  around  the  trunk  of 
the  coeliac  artery,  behind  the  stomach,  and  fur- 
nishes   the  secondary  plexuses  —  the  diaphra^- 


CGELIACA 


220 


COHOSH 


matte,  coronary  of  the  stomach,  splenic  and  he- 
patic, Tvhich  accompany  the  arteries  of  the  same 
name. 

CCE'LIACA,  from  KotXiaMs,  'cceliac'  Diseases 
of  the  digestive  organs ;  the  1st  class  in  Good's 
Nosology.  It  comprises  two  orders,  Enterica  and 
Splanchniea.  Also,  medicines  that  act  on  the 
digestive  organs. — Pereira. 

CcELiACA  Chylosa,  Co5liac  flux  —  c.  Lactea, 
Cceliac  flux  —  e.  Kenalis,  Chyluria — c.  Urinalis, 
Chvluria. 

CCELIADELPH'US,  from  ccelia,  and  aht\<pos, 
'brother.'  Anocoeliadelph' as.  A  double  mon- 
ster, in  which  the  two  bodies  are  united  at  the 
abdomen. 

CCELIJi'MIA,  HypercB'nia  ahdom'inis.  Con- 
ges'tio  ahdoniina'lis,  from  KoiXia,  'abdomen,'  and 
'aifia,  'blood.'  Hyperemia  or  congestion  of  the 
blood-vessels  of  the  abdomen. 

CCE'LIAGPtA,  Gastri'tis  seu  Ehteri'tis  seu  Col'- 
■iea  seu  Eiarrhoe'a  arthrit'ica.  Gout  of  the  ab- 
domen. 

CCELIALGIA,  Tormina. 

CCELIAQUE,  TEE  PIED  BE  LA,  Creliac 
arterv. 

CCELIOCELE,  see  Hernia,  hypogastric. 

CCELIOCHYSIS,  Ascites. 

CCELIOCYESIS,  Precrnancv,  abdominal. 

CCELIODYXIA,  Colic. 

CCELIOLYSIA,  Diarrhcea. 

CCELIOX'CUS,  C'celiophy'ma,  from  Koi\ia,  'the 
abdomen,'  and  oyKos,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumour  of 
the  abdomen. 

CCELIOPHYMA.  Coelioncus. 

C(ELIOPHY'MATA,  Tuber'cula  peritona'i, 
from  KoiXio,  'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen,'  and 
^vfia,  'a  hard  tumour.'  Tubercles  of  the  perito- 
neum. 

CCELIOPSOPHIA,  Borborygmus. 

CCELIOPYO'SIS,  from  KoiXia,  '  the  abdomen,' 
and  rrDuo-ij,  'suppuration.'  Suppuration  of  the 
abdomen  or  its  parietes. 

CCELIORRHCEA,  Diarrhoea. 

CCELIORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus  ahdom'- 
inis, from  KoiKia,  'the  abdomen,'  and  pev/ia,  'de- 
fluxion,  rheumatism.'  Rheumatism  of  the  mus- 
cles of  the  abdomen. 

CCELIOSPAS'MUS,  from  Koi\ia,  'abdomen,' 
and  a-aaciioi,  '  spasm.'  Spasm  or  cramp  of  the 
abdomen. 

CffiLO'MA,  from  KoiXag,  'hollow.'  A  round 
ulcer  of  the  cornea,  broader  and  deeper  than  that 
described  under  the  name  Bothrion. 

CCELOX,  Cavity. 

CCELOPHLEBI'TIS.fromk-oiXof, 'cavus,'0X£4', 
ct'X£.3of,  'a  vein,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  vena  cava. 

CCELOPHTHAL'MUS,  from  koiU?,  'hollow,' 
and  orpdaXy.o;,  'eye.'     One  who  is  hollow-eyed. 

CCELOSTOM'IA,  from  kolXos,  'hollow,'  and 
(TToiia,  'mouth.'  A  defect  in  speaking,  when  the 
voice  seems  as  if  it  came  from  a  cavern: — that  is, 
obscure,  and  as  if  at  a  distance. 

CCELOS'TOMUS,  same  etymon.  One  who  has 
a  hollow  voice. 

CCELOTES,  Cavity. 

CCENADELPH'US,  from  koivos,  'common/  and 
aheXijiog,  'brother.'  A  double  monster,  the  two 
portions  having,  in  common,  one  or  more  organs 
indispensable  to  life. 

CCEXjESTHE'SIS,  from  Kotvo;,  'common,'  and 
ata^riais,  'feeling.'  ConcBsthe'sis,  (F.)  Genesthesie. 
Common  feeling.  Some  German  writers  mean, 
by  this,  a  sixth  sense.  Itis  the  feeling  of  self- 
existence  or  individuality,  and  is  manifested  by 
the  sense  of  buoyancy  or  depression,  which  we 
experience  without  any  known  cause  : — by  invol- 
untary shuddering,  feeling  of  chill  or  glow,  &c. 


CCEXOLOGIA,  Consultation. 
C(E 'NOTES,  KOLvoTr,q,  'commonness,'  from 
Koivoi,  'common.'  The  physicians  of  the  metho- 
dic sect  asserted,  that  all  diseases  arise  from  re- 
laxation, stricture,  or  a  mixture  of  both.  These 
were  called  Goenotes :  or  what  diseases  have  in 
common. 

COETUS,  Coition. 

GCEUR,  Heart. 

COF'FEA  ARAB'ICA,  G.  vulga'ris,  Jas'mimim 
Arah'icum,  (F.)  Gafier,  Gafeier,  and  Gafeyer. 
Order,  PiubiaccEe.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Mono- 
gynia.  The  plant  which  affords  coffee,  Ghoava, 
Bon,  Buna,  (F.)  Gafe.     Originally  from  Yemen. 

The  infusion  of  coffee  is  an  agreeable  and 
wholesome  article  of  diet.  It  is,  to  a  certain  ex- 
tent, a  tonic,  and  is  employed  as  such  in  conva- 
lescence, especially  from  fevers,  &c.  In  eases 
of  poisoning  by  opium,  and  in  old  asthmas,  its 
use  has  been  extolled.  For  this  purpose  the 
Moka  is  the  best.  It  ought  to  be  newly  torrefied, 
but  not  too  much  burnt;  should  be  strong,  and 
drunk  soon  after  grinding. 

A  highly  azoted  alkaloid  was  first  found  in  cof- 
fee, and  called  Gafein  or  Caffein.  It  was  after- 
wards discovered  in  the  leaves  of  the  tea  plant, 
and  called  Thein,  and  in  the  Guarana  of  Brazil, 
and  called  Guaranin.  In  doses  of  from  2  to  10 
grains,  it  induces  violent  nervous  and  vascular 
excitement.  CaflTein — as  well  as  its  various  salts 
—the  citrate,  lactate,  malate,  and  muriate,  have 
been  given  as  an  antiperiodic  in  grain  doses. 

Factitious  Goffees  have  been,  from  time  to  time, 
recommended,  but  they  are  infinitely  inferior  to 
the  genuine.  Various  substitutes  have  been  pro- 
posed ;  tcheat,  barley,  kollyberries,  acorns,  sun- 
flower seeds,  beech-mast,  'peas,  beans,  succory-root, 
seeds  of  gooseberries  and  currants  left  in  making 
wine,  and  washed,  —  sliced  turnips,  &c.  These 
have  been  roasted,  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
butter  or  oil :  but  they  have  not  the  aroma  of 
coffee.  The  best  substitute  is  said  to  be  the  seeds 
of  the  Yellow  water  flag.  Gladiolus  luteus  or  Iris 
jiseudacorus. 

Hunt's  (Economical  Breakfast  Powder  con- 
sisted of  rve,  roasted  with  a  little  butter. 

COFFEE-BEAN  TREE,  KENTUCKY,  Gym- 
nocladus  Canadensis. 

COFFEE-TREE,  Gvmnocladus  Canadensis. 

COFFEE,  WILD,  Triosteum. 

GOGXASSIER,  Pvrus  cvdonia. 

COGNITIO  PHYSIOLOGICA,  Physiology 

COHABITATIO,  Coition. 

COHABITA'TION,  Gohabita'tio,  from  cum, 
'with,'  and  habitare,  'to  dwell.'  The  act  of 
dwelling  together.  In  legal  medicine,  it  means 
the  consummation  of  marriage. — Copulation. 

COHE'SION,  Gohaesio,  from  cc-,  and  harere, 
'to  stick.'  Vis  cohcBsio'nis  seu  adhcBsio'nis  seu 
attractio'nis.  Force  of  cohe'sion.  Attraction  of  co- 
hesion or  of  aggregation,  is  that  force  in  the  par- 
ticles of  matter,  whereby  they  are  connected  in 
such  a  way  as  to  resist  any  attempt  towards  their 
removal  or  separation.  This  force  has  to  be  at- 
tended to,  in  the  management  of  disease.  Emol- 
lients, rubbed  into  a  part,  act  by  diminishing  the 
'cohesion. 

COHIBENS,  Epischeticus. 

COHOBA'TION,  Oohoba'tio,  Goho'bium,  Go'- 
hob,  Co'hopjh.  Distillation  of  a  liquid  —  already 
distilled — on  the  same  substances.  When  this  is 
repeated  three  or  four  times,  it  is  called  Recoho- 
ba'tion. 

COHOL.  Synonym  of  Alcohol.  Also,  a  dry 
collyrium. — Avicenna. 

COHOSH,  Actaea  racemosa,  Canlophyllum 
thalictroides  —  c.  Black,  Actaea  racemosa  —  c. 
Blue,  Caulophyllum  thalyctroxdes — c.  Blueberry, 


COHUSH 


221 


COLIC 


Caulophyllum  thalictroides — c.  Red,  Actsea  rubra 
— c.  White,  Acta2a  alba. 

COHUSH,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides. 

COIFFE,  Caul. 

COIGN,  see  Pyrus  cydonia. 

COTONASSIER,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

COINCIDEN'TIA,  from  co,  and  incido  {in,  and 
cado),  'to  fall  or  happen.'  Some  authors  have 
translated,  by  this  term,  the  word  paremjyto'iiis, 
used  by  Galen  to  designate  the  occlusion  of  the 
foramen  opticum  by  a  humour,  proceeding  from 
the  base  of  the  brain,  and  occasioning  blindness  ! 
— Castelli. 

COIN'DICANT,  Coin'dicana,  from  co,  and 
indico,  '  I  indicate.' 

Coin'dicant  Signs  are  those  which  furnish  the 
same  indications;  or  which  confirm  the  indica- 
tion afforded  by  another  sign — avvtviuKwucva. 

COIRA,  Catechu. 

COIRAS,  Scrofula. 

COIT,  Coition. 

COIT"ION,  Co'itus,  Co'etus,  from  coeo,  {co, 
and  eo,  'to  go,')  'to  go  together.'  Qo'ittire,  Cop- 
nla'tion,  Copula'tio,  Cop'ula  Carna'lis,  Aphvo- 
dis'ia,  Aphrodisiasm' us,  Epip'loce,  Aeces'sus,  Ba- 
sia'tio,  Amplexa'tio,  Amjjlex'us,  Conven'tiis,  Com- 
plex'io,  Couju' giuni,  Agglutina'tio,  Lagne'a,  Lng- 
iieu'ma,  Lagnei'a,  Ilixis,  Permis'tio,  Permix'tio, 
Syndyas'iniia,  Synu'aia,  Concn'bitus,  Congres'sus, 
Cohabita'tio,  Venus,  Res  Vene'rea,  Concu'hitus 
vene'reus,  Pra'lium,  Duell'um  vene'reum,  Noc- 
tur'na  bella,  Concil'ia  corpora'Ua,  Homil'iu,  Ven'- 
ery.  Sexual  intercourse,  (F.)  Co'it,  Approche,  Ac- 
cotiplement.     The  carnal  union  of  the  sexes. 

COITURB,  Coitus. 

COITUS,  Coition — c.  Difficilis,  Dyssynodus — c. 
Sodomiticus,  Buggery. 

COL,  CoUum — c.  de  la  Ifati-iee,  Collum  uteri — 
c.  Uterin,  Collum  uteri. 

COLA,  Articulation. 

COLATIO,  see  Colatura. 

COLATO'RIUM,  Hylister,  from  colare,  'to 
strain.'  A  strainer  of  any  kind.  (F.)  Couloir. 
A  term  by  which  the  ancient  physicians  described 
every  canal  or  conduit  through  which  the  excre- 
mentitious  humours  of  the  body  are  evacuated. 
Ulcers,  fistulas,  setons,  caustics,  &c.,  have  been 
called  artificial  or  accidental  Colatoria,  because 
they  were  considered  to  be  passages  by  which 
the  animal  economy  is  freed  from  some  morbific 
matter. 

COLATUM,  see  Colatura. 

COLATU'RA,  from  colare,  'to  strain.'  Cola'- 
fum,  (F.)  Colature.  A  filtered  or  strained  liquor. 
It  likewise  means  straining  a  liquid,  —  Cola'tio, 
Diy'lisis,  Bii/lis'mus.  Hy'lisis,  Hylis'mus. 

COL'CHESTER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Aqua  Colcestren'sis.  The  waters  of  Colchester 
are  of  the  bitter  purging  kind,  similar  to  those 
of  Epsom. 

COLCHICIA,  see  Colchicum  autumnale. 

pOL'CHICUM,  from  Colchis,  in  Asia,  where 
it  is  said  to  have  been  common.  Colchicum  au- 
tumnale. 

Colchicum  Auttjmna'le,  from  the  country 
Colchis.  CoVchicum,  Coum,  Meadow  Saffron, 
(F.)  Colchique,  Tue-chien,  Mort  aux  chiens,  Sa- 
fran  des  jires  ou  bdtard,  Narcisse  d'automne,  Viel- 
lotfe.  Nat.  Ord.  Colchicaceae.  Class,  Hexandria. 
Order,  Monogynia.  The  bulb  or  root  {Bnlhns 
seu  Radix  seu  Cormus),  and  the  seeds,  Col'cltici 
semen,  are  the  parts  used  in  medicine.  The  taste 
is  acrid,  excoriating  the  mouth;  but  the  acrimony 
is  lost  by  drying.  It  is  narcotic,  diuretic,  and 
cathartic  ;  and  has  been  given  in  dropsy,  gout, 
and  rheumatism.  Dose,  gr.  j  to  vj  of  the  fresh 
bulb.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  active  ingredient 
of   the   Eau   medicinale    d'Husson.     The    active 


principle  is  called  Colchic"ia.  Colchicum,  in  an 
over-dose,  is  an  acro-narcotic  poison. 

Br.  Wilson's  Tincture  for  the  Gout  is  said  to  be 
merely  an  infusion  of  Colchicum,  or  Col'r.hicin. 

CoLCHicnir  Zeylanicuji,  Ktempferia  rotunda. 

COLCHIQUE,  Colchicum  autumnale. 

COL'COTHAR,  C.  Vitrioli,  Henri'cus  rubens, 
Chalci'tis,  Broxon  red.  Rouge,  Crocus,  Oxidum 
Ferri  rubrum,  Tritox'ydum  Ferri,  Sulphas  Ferri 
calcina'tum,  Ferrum  vitriola'tum  ustum.  Terra 
vitrioli  dulcis.  Crocus  martis  vitriola'tus  seu  ad- 
strin'gens,  (F.)  Rouge  d'Anijleterre  ou  de  Prusse, 
Safran  de  Mars  astringent.  The  red  oxide  of 
iron,  obtained  by  calcining  sulphate  of  iron  to 
redness,  with  or  without  the  contact  of  air.  It 
possesses  the  general  properties  of  the  prepara- 
tions of  iron,  and  has  been  applied  to  staunch 
blood,  &c. 

COLD,  (Sax.)  cola,  Frigus,  Psychos,  {'F.)Froid. 
The  sensation  produced  by  the  abstraction  of 
caloric  from  our  organs, — Cheima,  Chimon.  See 
Heat. 

Three  degrees  of  cold  are  generally  distin- 
guished in  disease.  1.  The  simple  feeling  of  cold 
{Algor),  2.  Chilliness  {Horror),  and  3.  Shivering 
{Rigor).  Cold  is  emplo3'ed  in  medicine,  chiefly, 
as  a  refrigerant  and  sedative. 

Cold  is,  also,  used  for  a  morbid  affection  in- 
duced by  cold.  'To  take  cold,'  (F.)  s'enrhumer, 
is  to  be  affected  by  a  disease  presumed  to  bo 
caused  by  cold.     See  Catarrh  and  Coryza. 

Cold-chill,  Intermittent  fever. 

Cold  ix  the  Eye,  Ophthalmia,  catarrhal — c. 
in  the  Head,  Coryza. 

COLEITIS,  Colposis. 

COLEOCELE,  see  Hernia. 

COLECEDEMA,  Elytroedema. 

COLEOPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginae. 

COLEORRHEX'IS,  from  ^o'Xsos,  'a  vagina  or 
sheath,'  and  pv^i?,  'rupture.'  Laceration  or  rup- 
ture of  the  vagina. 

COLEOSITIS,  Leueorrhoea. 

COLEOSTEGNO'SIS,  Colpostegno' sis,  Colpos- 
tenochor'ia,  Colposynize'sis,  from  ^(^oXeos,  'a  va- 
gina or  sheath,'  and  (rnyvioct;,  'constriction.' 
Narrowness  of  the  vagina,  natural  or  acquired. 

CO'lERE,  Rage. 

COLES,  Penis — c.  Feminarum,  Clitoris. 

COLE  US,  Vagina. 

CO  LIBERT,  Cagot. 

COLIC,  Co'licus,  from  kii>\ov,  'the  colon.'  (F.) 
Colique.     Relating  to  the  colon. 

Colic  Arteries,  Arte'rice  coliccs,  (F.)  Arteres 
Coliques,  are  six  in  number,  three  of  which,  given 
off  by  the  superior  mesenteric,  are  called  Coliece 
dextra ;  and  three,  proceeding  from  the  inferior 
mesenteric,  CoUccf  sinis'trcB.  All  proceed  towards 
the  colon,  passing  between  the  two  lamina  of  the 
peritoneum,  which  form  the  mesocolon,  where 
they  ramify  and  anastomose  with  each  other. 
The  first,  Colica  dextra,  Ramus  colica  dexter,  is 
cnlled  C.  dextra  superior,  {Meso-colique,  —  Ch.) 
The  second,  C.  dextra  media,  Colica  media.  Ra- 
mus colicus  medius,  Arteria  media  anastornot'ica, 
{C.  droite,  Ch.,)  and  the  third,  C.  dextra  infe'rior 
or  Ileo-colica,  {A.  ccecale,  —  Ch.)  Of  the  three 
Colica  ainistrm,  the  first  or  superior  is  called,  by 
Chaussier,  Colica  magna  sinis'tra ;  the  seconder 
media  is  not  distinguished  from  the  preceding,  as 
they  often  arise  from  a  common  trunk;  and  the 
third  is  called  by  Chaussier  Colica  parva  sinis'- 
tra. To  these  arteries  as  many  veins  correspond, 
which  open  into  the  great  and  little  mesenteric. 

Colic  Lobe  of  the  Litek  is  the  great  lobe  of 
that  organ. 

Colic,  Co'lica,  C.  Passio,  Colice,  Colicodyn'- 
ia,  Ca^liodyn'ia,  Bolo'res  intestino'rum,  Bolot 
co'licus,  Bysenteronerv'ia,  Enteral'gia,  Gripes, 
Mulligrubs,  Bellyache,  (Sc.)  Belhjthra,  Weam-iU, 


COLICA  ACCIDENTALIS 


222 


COLICA  UTERINA 


(Prov.)  Bellyliarm,  Bellywark,  GulUon.  In  its 
etymological  acceptation,  Colic  signifies  an  affec- 
tion or  pain  in  the  colon.  But  it  is  employed  in 
a  more  extensive  signification.  It  includes  every 
acute  pnin  of  the  abdomen,  aggravated  at  inter- 
vals. The  word  has  often,  however,  epithets 
afiixed  to  it,  which  render  it  more  or  less  precise. 
See  Tormina. 

Colic,  Bilious,  Colica  biliosa — c.  Crapulent, 
CoHca  crapulosa — c.  Devonshire,  Colica  metallica 
— c.  Horn,  Priapismus — c.  Lead,  Colica  metallica 

—  c.  Madrid,  Colica  Madridensis  —  c.  Menstrual, 
Colica  menstrualis  —  c.  Metallic,  Colica  metallica 
— c.  Nephretic,  Colica  nephretica — c.  Normandy, 
Colica  metallica  —  c.  Painters',  Colica  metallica 

—  c.  Plumbers',  Colica  metallica  —  c.  of  Poitou, 
Colica  metallica  —  c.  of  Prostitutes,  Colica  scor- 
torum — c.  Renal,  Colica  nephretica — c.  Saturnine, 
Colica  metallica — c.  Root,  Aletris — e.  of  Surinam, 
Colica  metallica — c.  Uterine,  Colica  uterina  —  c. 
Vegetable,  Colica  metallica — c.  Weed,  Dicentra 
Canadensis — c.  Worm,  Colica  verminosa. 

COLICA  ACCIDENTALIS,  Colica  crapulosa 
— c.  Acuta,  Enteritis — c.  Arthritica,  Coeliagra. 

Co'lica  Bilio'sa,  Bil'ious  Colic,  (F.)  Colique 
Bilieuse.  Colic,  occasioned  by  an  accumulation 
of  bile  in  the  intestines  or  in  its  own  passages. 
The  treatment  required  resembles  that  proper  for 
Colica  convulsiva. 

Colica  Callo'sa.  Colic  attended  with  sense 
of  stricture  in  some  parts  of  the  intestinal  canal ; 
often  of  flatulency  and  pain ;  the  flatulency  gra- 
dually passing  off  by  the  stricture ;  the  bowels 
tardy ;  and  at  length  discharging  small  liquid 
stools. 

Colica  Convulsi'ta,  C  Spasmod'ica  seu  pi- 
tnito'sa  seu  nervo'sa  seu  idiojjath'iea,  Entero- 
epasm'ns.  Colic,  not  the  symptom  of  any  other 
affection.  It  is  characterized  by  griping  pain  in 
the  bowels,  chiefly  about  the  navel,  with  vomit- 
ing and  costiveness  —  the  pain  increasing  at  in- 
tervals. The  indications  are  to  clear  the  intes- 
tines, and  allay  spasm.  Calomel  and  opium  — 
castor  oil  and  opium  —  emollient  and  cathartic 
enemata,  with  fomentations,  wet  or  dry,  to  the 
abdomen,  usually  succeed. 

Colica  Crapulo'sa,  0.  accidenta'lis  seu  hel- 
luo'num,  Crap' xdent  colic,  Surfeit,  Colic  from  over- 
eating, (P.)  Colique  d' Indigestion.  A  colic,  ari- 
sing from  eating  indigestible  aliments,  or  digest- 
ible aliments  in  too  great  abundance.  The  remedy 
is  obvious. 

Colica  Damjtoniorum,  Colic,  metallic — c.  Fe- 
brieosa,  Colica  inflammatoria — c.  Figulorum,  Co- 
lica metallica. 

Colica  Flatulen'ta,  Tnfa'tio,  Gastrodyn'ia 
flatulen'ta,  Physospas'mus,  Pnewnato'sis  enter'- 
ica,  (F.)  Colique  flatulente  ou  flatueuse  ou  ven- 
tetise.  Colic,  arising  from  an  accumulation  of  air 
in  the  intestines.  It  is  very  common  in  infants, 
and  may  be  relieved  by  aromatics,  especially 
when  combined  with  antacids — for  example,  oil 
of  aniseed  with  magnesia. 

Colica  Helluonum,  Colica  crapulosa. 

Colica  Hemorrhoida'lis,  Hemorrhoid' al  Co- 
lic, (F.)  Colique  hemorrho'idale.  A  kind  of  colic, 
supposed  to  precede  hemorrhoids  or  to  supervene 
on  their  suppression. 

Colica  Hepat'ica,  Hepatal'gia,  Hepatalgia 
Calcido'sa,  Hepat'ic  colic,  (F.)  Colique  hepatique. 
Pain  in  the  region  of  the  liver,  chiefly  about  the 
gall-bladder,  occasioned  by  the  passing  of  a 
biliary  calculus  through  the  cystic  and  choledoch 
ducts. 

Colica  Idiopathica,  Colica  convulsiva  —  c. 
Ileus,  Ileus. 

Colica  Inflammato'ria,  C.  Phlogis'tica  seu 
plethor'ica  seu  febrico'sa  seu  puhat'ilis,  Inflam,'- 
tnatory  colic.     The  same  as  enteritis. 


Colica  Lapponica,  see  Seta  equina — c.  Lochi- 
alls,  Dyslochia — c.  Madridensis,  Colic  of  Madrid 
— c.  Nervosa,  Colica  convulsiva.  Colic,  metallic — 
c.  Phlogistica,  Colica  inflammatoria. 

Colica  Mabriden'sis,  Colic  of  Madrid,  Ma- 
drid Colic.  A  species  of  colic,  endemic  in  se- 
veral provinces  of  Spain,  whose  nature  is  not 
clear.  Its  symptoms  resemble  those  occasioned 
by  lead.     See  Colica  metallica. 

Colica  Menstrua'lis,  Men'strual  Colic,  (F.) 
Colique  meiistruelle.  Colic,  which  precedes  or 
accompanies  the  menstrual  evacuation,  or  which 
is  owing  to  the  suppression  of  that  evacuation. 

Colica  Mbtal'lica,  Metal'Uc  Colic,  Painters' 
Colic,  Colic  of  Poitou,  Colic  of  Surinam',  Bellon, 
Dev'onshire  Colic,  Dry  Bellyache,  Dry  Gripes, 
Saturnine  Colic,  Lead  Colic,  Plumbers'  Colic, 
Rachial'gia,  R.  Pic'toniim  seu  Pictavien'sium, 
Morbus  Metal' licus,  Colicopile'gia,  Colica  Rachial'- 
gia seu  Damnonio'rum  seu  Plumbario'rnm  seu 
Pic't.onum  seu  Satumi'na  seu  Figulo'rum  seu 
nervo'sa  seu  Picto'rum  seu  sicca,  Paral'ysis  ra- 
chialgia,  Palmus  Phimba'rius,  Molybdoeo'lica, 
(F.)  Dysenteronervie  Saturnine,  Colique  de  Poi- 
tou ou  vegetale  ou  des  peintres  ou  de  2)lomb  ou 
metallique  ou  Saturnine  ou  des  barbouilleurs  ou 
seche.  Under  this  head  is  generally  described 
the  colic  produced  by  lead,  as  well  as  the  other 
colics  mentioned  in  the  synonymy;  and  they  cer- 
tainly resemble  each  other  greatly,  although 
some  of  them  are  more  like  bilious  colic.  There 
is  not  much  to  distinguish  this  variety  of  colic 
from  others.  The  same  violent  pain  about  the 
navel  is  present,  with  retraction  of  the  abdomen 
towards  the  spine.  It  is  apt  also  to  occasion 
palsy.  The  only  difference  of  treatment  is  iu 
the  necessity  for  employing  more  opium  along 
with  the  purgative.  The  paralytic  sequelae  must 
be  treated  by  change  of  air,  rubbing  the  spine, 
exercise,  &c.  Treating  the  disease  upon  general 
principles  is  infinitely  more  philosophical,  and 
more  successful  than  the  former  empirical  man- 
agement at  La  Charite,  Paris,  which  it  is  unne- 
cessary to  detail. 

The  Colic  of  Madrid,  Poitou,  Devonshire,  Nor- 
mandy, kc,  has  been  called  vegetable  colic,  (F.) 
Colique  vegetale,  because  ascribed  to  the  use  of 
new  wine  or  cider,  unripe  fruit,  &c.,  although 
really,  perhaps,  owing  to  the  adulteration  of 
wines  and  cider  by  litharge.  All  the  symptoms, 
indeed,  are  those  of  Colica  metallica. 

Colica  Nephret'ica,  Nephroco'Uca,  Co'lica 
rena'lis,  Nep)hret'ic  or  Renal  Colic,  (F.)  Colique 
Nephretique.  Acute  pains,  which  accompany 
nephritis,  and  especially  calculous  nephritis,  or 
the  passage  of  a  calculus  into  the  ureter. 

Colica  Pictonum,  Colica  metallica — c.  Picto- 
rum,  Colica  metallica — c.  Pituitosa,  Colica  convul- 
siva —  c.  Plethorica,  Colica  inflammatoria  —  c. 
Plumbariorum,  Colica  metallica  —  c.  Pulsatilis, 
Colic,  inflammatory  —  c.  Rachialgia,  Colica  me- 
tallica— c.  Renalis,  Colica  nephretica — c.  Satur- 
nina,  Colica  metallica. 

Colica  Scorto'rum,  Colic  of  Pros'titutes.  A 
form  of  colic  said,  by  Dr.  Martin  Hassing,  of  Co- 
penhagen, to  have  been  frequently  observed  by 
him  amongst  that  unfortunate  class  of  beings.  It 
may  well  be  doubted  whether  any  special  affec- 
tion of  the  kind  appertains  to  them. 

Colica  Sicca,  C.  metallica  —  c.  Spasmodica, 
Colica  convulsiva,  Ileus. 

Colica  Sterco'rea,  Colica  Stipa'ta,  Stercora'- 
ceous  Colic,  (P.)  Colique  stercorale.  A  species 
of  colic,  ascribed  to  the  retention  of  fseeal  mat- 
ters in  the  intestines.  The  retention  is  itself, 
however,  an  effect,  that  may  be  caused  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  colic  pains  themselves. 

Colica  Stipata,  Colica  stercorea,. 

Colica    Uteri'na,    Hys'tero-co'Uca,    Vterine 


COLICODYNIA 


223 


COLLOID 


Colic,  (F.)  Coh'que  vtin'ne.  Pain  seated  in  the 
uterus,  sometimes  called  Hysteral'gia. 

CoLicA  Ventriculi,  Cavdialgia. 

COLICA  VERJflNO'SA,  Helminthoco'lioa,  Worm 
Colic,  (F.)  Colique  vermineme.  Abdominal  pain, 
occasioned  by  the  presence  of  worms  in  the  in- 

COLICODYNIA,  Colica. 
COLICOPLEGIA,  Colic,  metallic. 

COLIMAQON,  Helix  pomatia,  Limax. 

COLIQUE,  Colic — c.  des  Barhonilleurs,  Colica 
metallica — c.  Hepatiqve,  Colica  hepatica — e.  d'ln- 
digestinn,  Colica  crapulosa — c.  Metallique,  Colica 
metallica  —  c.  de  Miserere,  Ileus  —  c.  de  ifiseri- 
corde,  Ileus  —  c.  des  Peintres,  Colica  metallica  — 
c.  de  Plomh,  Colica  metallica — e.  de  Poitou,  Colica 
metallica  —  c.  Saturnine,  Colica  metallica  —  c. 
Seche,  Colica  metallica  —  c.  Vegetale,  Colica  me- 
tallica— c.  Venteuse,  Colica  tlatulenta. 

COLIQUES,  Pains,  (after.) 

COLI'TIS,  from  kwXov,  'the  colon,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation;  Coloni'tis,  Enteri'tis  co'- 
lica,  (F.)  Inflammation  du  colon.  Inflammation 
of  the  peritoneal  or  mucous  membrane  of  the 
colon.  The  former  is  termed  Serocoli'tis,  and 
Exocoli'tis;  the  IsitteT,  Endocolitis  a,nd  Dysentery. 

COL  IX,  Trochiscus. 

COLLA  PISCIUM,  Ichthycolla. 

COLLAPSE,  Collapsus  — c.  of  the  Lung,  see 
Atelectasis — c.  Pulmonary,  see  Atelectasis. 

COLLAP'SUS,  Collapse,  Coneiden'tia ;  from 
colorcum,  'with,' and  labor,  lapsus, 'to  fnW.'  (F.) 
Affaissement.  A  complete  prostration  of  strength, 
either  at  the  commencement  or  in  the  progress 
of  a  disease. 

COLLAR-BONE,  Clavicle. 

COLLARD,  Dracontium  foetidum  —  e.  Cow, 
Dracontium  foetidum — c.  Polecat,  Dracontium 
foetidum. 

COLLARIUM  SALINUM,  Haloderaum. 

COLLAT'ERAL,  Collatera'lis,  (F.)  Collate'ral, 
from  col,  '  with,'  and  latus,  '  side.'  That  which 
accompanies  or  proceeds  by  the  side  of  another. 

Collat'eral  Ar'teries  op  the  Arm,  Arte'rim 
Collatern'les  Bra'chii,  (F.)  Arteres  collaferales  du 
bras.  They  are  given  off  by  the  brachial,  and 
are  distinguished  into,  1.  The  collateral — superior 
or  external  (Grandes  musculaires  du  bras — Ch.) 
which  arise  from  the  inner  part  of  the  brachial, 
and  extend  as  far  as  the  inferior  and  external 
part  of  the  arm.  2.  The  collateral — inferior  or 
internal  [Collaterales  du  Coude — Ch.)  which  arise 
from  the  brachial,  near  the  elbow-joint,  and  de- 
scend towards  the  upper  part  of  the  fore-arm. 

The  vessels  which  pass  to  the  fingers  and  toes 
are  also  called  collateral. 

Speaking  generally,  collateral  branches  are 
those  which  follow  nearly  the  same  course  as 
the  vessel  whence  they  emanate. 

COLLATERALIS,  Ischio-cavernosus. 

COLLE-CHAIR,  Sareocolla. 

COLLE  DE  POISSON,  Ichthyocolla. 

COLLECTION,  Collec'tio,  from  colUgere,  {col 
and  lego)  'to  gather.'  This  word  is  often  united 
to  the  epithet  purulent,  serous,  &c.,  to  express  a 
gathering  of  pus,  serum,  &c. 

COLLESIS,  Agglutination. 

COLLET  DES  DENTS,  see  Tooth. 

COLLETICUS,  Agglutinant. 

COLLEY'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depilatory. 

COLLICIiE.  Same  etymon  as  Collection. 
'Drains  to  collect  and  convey  away  water.'  See 
GOUTTIERE.  Union  of  the  ducts  passing  from 
the  puncta  lacrymalia,  Collic"icB  puncto'rum. 
lacryma'lium. 

COLLICULI  NERVI  ETHMOIDALIS,  Cor- 


pora striata  —  c.  Nervorum  optieorum,  Thalami 
nervorum  optieorum — c.  Vag'inee,  Nymphas. 

COLLICULUS,  see  Optic  nerve. 

CoLLicuLus  Cate^  Postekioris  Ventp.iculo- 
RUM  Lateralium,  Hippocampus  minor — c.  Semi- 
nalis,  Gallinaginis  caput. 

COLLIER  (F.),  A  collar,  from  collum,  'the 
neck.'  A  name  given  to  certain  eruptions  which 
surround  the  neck  like  a  collar. 

COLLIER  ANODIN,  Necklace,  anodyne. 

COLLIGAMEN,  Ligament. 

COLLIGATIO,  Syndesmosis. 

COLLINSO'NIA,  C.  Caiiaden'sis  sen  decussa'ta, 
Horseweed,  Horsebalm,  Richweed,  Richleaf,  Heal- 
all,  Stoneroot,  Knotroot,  Knotweed,  Knohweed. 
Order,  Labiatae.  Called  after  Peter  Collinson. 
This  indigenous  plant  is  possessed  of  diuretic 
properties,  which  seem  to  reside  in  a  volatile  oil. 
Infusion  is  the  best  form  of  administration.  The 
leaves  in  domestic  practice  are  applied  to  wounds 
and  bruises. 

Collinsonia  Dectjssata,  C.  Canadensis. 

COLLIQUAMEN'TUM,  from  colliqneo,  {col 
and  liqueo,)  'I  melt.'  The  first  rudiments  of  an 
embryo. — Harvey. 

C 0  L L I Q  U  A'T ION,  ColNqua'tio,  Eliqua'tio, 
Syntex'is,  Eetex'is,  Solu'tion,  Dissolu'tion.  'The 
act  of  melting.'  {'F.)Fonte.  The  ancients  meant, 
by  this  term,  the  progressive  diminution  of  the 
solid  parts,  with  copious  excretion  of  liquids  by 
one  or  more  passages.  They  thought,  that  all 
the  solids  melted;  and  that  the  liquids,  and  par- 
ticularly the  blood,  lost  a  portion  of  their  density. 

COLLIQ'UATIVE,  Colliquati'vus,  Colliques'- 
cens,  from  eolliquescere,  {col  and  liqueo,)  'to  grow 
liquid.'  (F.)  Colliquatif.  An  epithet  given  to 
various  discharges,  which  produce  rapid  exhaus- 
tion. Hence  we  say.  Colliquative  sweats.  Colli- 
quative diarrhoea,  &C. 

COLLIQUESCENS,  Colliquative. 

COLLISIO,  Contusion. 

COLLIX,  Trochiscus. 

COLLODES,  Glutinous. 

COLLO'DION,  Collo'dium,  Ethe'real  Solu'tion 
of  Gun-cotton,  Maynard's  Adhesive  Liquid;  from 
KoXXa,  'glue.'  A  solution  obtained  by  dissolving 
gun-cotton,  Pyrox'ylin,  (P.)  Fulmicoton,  Coton- 
poudre,  Poudre-coton,  Coton  fulminant,  Coton 
azotique,  in  a  mixture  of  rectified  ether  and  alco- 
hol, in  the  proportion  of  about  16  parts  of  the 
former  to  1  of  the  latter.  When  applied  to  a 
part,  the  ether  evaporates,  and  the  solid  adhesive 
material  is  left,  which  contracts.  Hence  it  is 
used  in  cases  of  wounds,  to  keep  their  edges  to- 
gether. It  forms,  also,  a  coating,  and  has  been 
applied  in  abrasions,  and  in  cases  of  burns.  In 
various  chronic  cutaneous  diseases,  it  has  been 
applied  with  advantage;  and  has  been  employed 
to  give  a  coating  to  pills,  which  it  deprives  of 
their  taste,  without  interfering  with  their  action. 

Collodion  is  in  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
(185L) 

CoLLODioy,  Canthar'idal,  Collo'dium  vesi'cans 
sen  cantharida'le.  Prepared  by  exhausting,  by 
displaeement,  a  pound  of  coarsely-powdered  can- 
iharides  with  a  pound  of  sulphuric  ether,  and 
three  ounces  of  acetic  ether.  In  two  ounces  of 
this  saturated  solution  of  cantharides,  twenty-five 
grains  of  gun-cotton  are  dissolved.  By  painting 
the  surface  with  a  little  of  this  solution,  vesica- 
tion is  produced,  as  with  the  plaster  of  can- 
tharides. 

COLLODIUM,  Collodion— c.  Cantharidale, Col- 
lodion, cantharidal — c.  Vesicans,  Collodion,  can- 
tharidal. 

COLLOID,  Collo'i'des,  from  KoXXa,  'glue,' and 
eiSoi,  'resemblance;'  Cancer  alveola'ris,  Carci- 
no'ma  alveola're,  (F.)  Cancer  alveolaire  ou   Col- 


COLLOMA 


224 


COLON 


loide  ou  Gelatini/orme,  Cancer  alveolaire  ou  areo- 
laire  ou  pvltace  ou  gommeux,  Gelatinous  cancer. 
An  epithet  applied  to  a  product  of  morbid  secre- 
tion, resembling  glue,  or  particles  of  jelty  inlaid 
in  a  regular  alveolar  bed.  The  three  species  of 
cancer  or  carcinoma  are, — Encephaloid,  Scirrhous, 
and  Colloid.     See  Cancer. 

COLLO'MA,  from  koXXo,  'glue.'  A  name  pro- 
posed by  Dr.  Walshe  for  the  gelatiniform  matter, 
which  is  of  common  occurrence  in  cysts.  It  is 
transparent,  amorphous,  and  devoid  of  vessels 
and  nerves. 

COLLONE'MA,  from  Kona,  'glue.'  A  pecu- 
liar gelatinous  tumour,  consisting  of  a  remarkably 
soft  gelatiniform  tissue,  which  trembles  on  being 
touched. — J.  Miiller. 

COLLOSTRUM,  Colostrum. 

COLLOURION,  Collyrium. 

COLLUM,  Cervix,  Trache'los,  Auchen,  NecJc, 
(Prov.)  Hause,  Hone,  (F.)  Col,  Con.  The  part  of 
the  body  situate  between  the  head  and  chest. 
Also,  a  part  of  an  organ  resembling  the  neck,  as 
in  the  following  cases. 

CoLLDM  Astrag'ali,  Cervix  Astrag'ali,  Neek 
of  the  Astragalus,  (F.)  Col  de  I'astragale.  A  de- 
pression, which  separates  the  anterior  extremity 
of  the  astragalus  from  its  body. 

CoLLUM  Costa'rum,  Cervix  Costa'rum,  Nech 
of  the  Rihs,  (F.)  Col  des  Cotes.  The  narrow  part 
of  the  ribs,  between  the  head  and  tubercle. 

CoLLUM  Den'tium,  Cervix  Denfium,  Nech  of 
the  Teeth,  (F.)  Col  ou  Collet  des  Dents.  The  part 
of  the  teeth  between  the  corona  and  fang,  which 
is  embraced  by  the  gum. 

CoLLDM  Fem'oris,  Cervix  Fem'oris,  Nech  of 
the  Thigh-hone,  (F.)  Col  du  Femur.  The  long, 
narrow,  and  oblique  portion  of  the  os  femoris, 
which  separates  the  head  from  the  two  tro- 
chanters. 

CoLLUM  Fib'uLvE,  Cervix  Fih'ulcB,  Nech  of  the 
Fibula,  (F.)  Col  du  Perone.  A  slight  narrowness 
seated  below  the  head  or  upper  extremity  of  the 
fibula. 

CoLLTJM  Glandis,  see  Glans. 

CoLLUJr  Hu'stERl,  Cervix  Hu'meri,  Nech  of  the 
Hu'merus.  A  circular,  depressed  portion,  which 
separates  the  head  of  the  os  humeri  from  its  two 
tuberosities.  Some  surgeons  place  the  neck  be- 
low the  tuberosities,  no  precise  line  of  demarca- 
tion indicating  its  extent. 

CoLLUM  MANDiB-'nl,^  seu  Maxil'LjE  Ixferio'- 
EIS,  Cervix  llandih' ula>.  seu  Maxilla  Inferio'ris, 
Nech  of  the  lower  jaw,  (F.)  Col  de  I'os  maxillaire 
inferteure.  A  depression  observable  on  each  side 
of  the  lower  jaw,  immediately  below  the  con- 
dyles. 

CoLLUM  OBSTiPtjit,  Torticollis. 

CoLLUM  Ossis  Magni  seu  Capita'ti,  Cervix  oa- 
sis magni  seu  capita'ti.  Neck  of  the  Os  Magnum, 
(F.)  Col  du  grand  Os.  A  circular  depression  be- 
neath the  head  of  this  bone  of  the  carpus. 

CoLLTjM  Pedis,  Instep. 

CoLLDJt  Ra'dii,  Cervix  Radii,  Nech  of  the 
Radius,  (P.)  Col  du  Radius.  A  narrow  portion 
of  the  radius,  which  supports  the  head  of  the 
bone. 

CoLLTJjr  ScAP'uL^,  Cervix  Scaj^ulm,  Nech  of 
the  Scap'ula,  (F.)  Col  de  I'Omojdate.  A  narrow 
portion,  observable  below  the  glenoid  cavity  of 
the  scapula,  which  seems  to  separate  it,  as  it 
were,  from  the  rest  of  the  bone. 

CoLLTJM  U'teri,  Cervix  U'teri,  Jug'ulum  Uteri, 
Nech  of  the  Uterus,  (F.)  Col  de  la  Matrice,  Col 
vterin.  A  narrow,  cylindrical,  and  flattened  por- 
tion of  the  uterus,  which  terminates  it  inferiorly, 
and  opens  into  the  vagina  by  the  Os  Uteri  or  Os 
TinccB.  This  neck  is  perceptible  on  examination 
per  vaginam,  until  near  the  end  of  utero-gesta- 


tion.  As  the  uterus  enlarges,  however,  it  becomes 
shorter  and  wider,  so  that  a  manifest  difference 
exists  between  its  condition  at  seven  and  nine 
months. 

CoLLUM  Vesi'c^,  Cervix  Vesi'ccB,  Nech  of  the 
Bladder,  (F.)  Col  de  la  Vessie.  The  anterior 
part  of  the  base  of  the  bladder,  which  resembles 
the  neck  of  a  bottle,  and  is  continuous  with  the 
urethra. 

COLLURIUM,  Collyrium. 

COLLUTIO,  Gargarism. 

COLLUTO'RIUM,  (F.)  Collutoire,  from  col- 
lucre,  '  to  wash  out.'     A  mouth  wash. 

CoLLUTORiuM  Adstringexs,  Mel  boracis. 

COLLU'VIES,  from  colluo,  'I  cleanse.'  Filth, 
excrement.     Discharge  from  an  old  ulcer. 

COLLUTIES  GastricA,  Emharras  gastrique. 

COLLYR'IUM,  Collu'rium,  Collu'rion,  (F.) 
Collyre,  from  kuAuo),  'I  check,'  and  ptu,  'I  flow,' 
or  from  KoWa,  'glue,'  and  ovga,  'tail'  [?],  (F.) 
Collyre.  The  ancients  designated,  by  this  term, 
a  solid  medicine,  of  a  long,  cylindrical  shape ; 
proper  to  be  introduced  into  the  vagina,  anus,  or 
nostril.  They  are  said  to  have  given  it  this  name 
because  it  was  shaped  like  a  Rat's  Tail,  and  be- 
cause there  entered  into  its  composition  powders 
and  glutinous  matters. — Celsus,  Oribasius,  Scribo- 
nius  Largus.  At  the  present  day,  Collyrium 
means  an  application  to  the  eye.  Some  are  pul- 
verulent and  dry,  Ophthalmempas'mata,  Collyr'ia 
sicca,  but  the  greatest  part  are  liquid,  Hygro- 
coUyr'ia;  and  receive  different  epithets,  as  as- 
tringent, emollient,  &c.  The  term  is  now  little 
more  than  synonymous  with  Eye-water.  Collyria 
are  generally  extemporaneous  formulae. 

Collyrium  Bateandm,  see  Lotion,  campho- 
rated, of  Bates — c.  Siccum,  see  Collyrium — c.  Sie- 
cum  Alexandrinum,  see  Alexandrine. 

COLOBO'MA,  KoXolSio/xa,  'any  thing  truncated 
or  shortened.'     A  mutilated  or  maimed  organ. 

Colobo'ma  I'ridis,  Irido-colohoma.  A  conge- 
nital peculiarity  of  the  iris,  consisting  in  a  fissure 
of  its  lower  portion,  and  a  consequent  prolonga- 
tion of  th-e  iris  to  the  margin  of  the  cornea.  See 
Iridorrhagas. 

COLOBO'SIS,  /coXoj3u<T(s.  The  act  of  curtailing 
or  mutilating ;  mutilation. 

COLOCHOLO'SIS,  from  kuXov,  'the  colon,' 
and  X"^^)  'bile.'  Bilious  dysentery,  Dysenter'ia 
bilio'sa. 

COLOCYNTH,  Cucumis  colocyntbis. 

COLOMBINE,  COMMON,  Aquilegia  vulgaris. 

COLOMBA,  Calumba. 

COLON,  C.  CcBcum,  Monen'terum,  Colum,  Tntes- 
ti'nwn  majus,  I.  cellula'tum,  I.  erassum  et  plenum, 
I.  grande,  I.  laxum,  Physce,  (pvaKri.  That  portion 
of  the  large  intestines  which  extends  from  the 
caecum  to  the  rectum.  It  is  said  to  have  been  so 
called  from  KotXoi,  'hollow,'  or  from  kw^vui,  'I 
arrest,'  because  the  excrements  are  arrested,  for 
a  considerable  time,  in  its  sa,cs,—~  eel' lulcB  seu 
haustra  seu  loculamenta  coli.  The  colon  is 
usually  divided  into  four  portions.  1.  The  right 
lumbar  or  ascending,  Colon  dextruyn,  situate  in 
the  right  lumbar  region,  and  commencing  at  the 
csecum.  2.  Transverse  colon.  Colon  transver' sum, 
transverse  arch  of  the  colon,  the  portion  of  the 
colon  which  crosses  from  the  right  to  the  left  side, 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  abdomen.  3.  The  left 
lumbar  or  descending  colon.  Colon  sinis'trum,  ex- 
tending from  the  left  part  of  the  transverse  arch, 
opposite  the  outer  portion  of  the  left  kidney,  to 
the  corresponding  iliac  fossa.  4.  The  Iliac  colon 
or  Sigmoid  flexure  of  the  colon,  (F.)  Colon  ilioque 
ou  5.  du  colon,  the  portion  of  the  intestine  which 
makes  a  double  curvature  in  the  left  iliac  fossa, 
and  ends  in  the  rectum. 


COLONITIS 


225 


COLPOSIS 


The  muscular  fibres,  as  in  the  caecum,  are  in 
three  flat  stripes,  Tm'nicB  seu  Fascim  Ligamen- 
to'scB  Goli,  Ta'nia  Vahal'vcB  seu  Liganien'ta 
coli. 

Colon,  Membrum  —  c.  Inflammation  of  the, 
Colitis. 

Colon,  Torpor  of  the.  A  disease  in  which 
the  muscular  coat  of  the  colon  acts  with  deficient 
energy ;  giving  occasion  to  distension  of  the  in- 
testine, which,  by  pressing  upon  the  other  organs, 
may  interfere  so  much  with  their  functions,  as  to 
lead  to  distressing  gastric,  cardiac  and  other  dis- 
orders. 

COLOXITIS,  Colitis,  Dysentery. 

COLONNE,  Columna  —  c.  Vertebrale,  Verte- 
bral column. 

COLONXES  CHARNUES,  Carney  Columnae 
— c.  Charnues  du  Cceur,  Columnge  carneae. 

COLOPHANE,  Colophonia. 

COLOPHAXY,  Colophonia. 

COLOPHO'NIA,  so  called  from  Colophon,  a 
city  of  Ionia ;  Phrycte,  Fricta,  Pix  GrcBca,  Re- 
si'na  nigra,  CoVophany,  Colophony ,  Blade  Rosin, 
Pitch,  Brown  Rosin,  (F.)  Colopihone,  Colophane, 
Arcanson,  Brai  see.  The  black  resin  which  re- 
mains in  the  retort,  after  the  distillation,  by 
means  of  a  strong  fire,  of  common  turpentine. 
It  is  used  like  the  turpentines  in  general,  and  in 
some  pharmaceutical  preparations. 

COLOPHONY,  Colophonia. 

COLOQUINTE,  Cucumus  colocynthis. 

COLOQUINTIDA,  Cucumus  colocynthis. 

COLOR  VIRGINEUS  PALLIDUS,  Chlorosis 
— c.  Virginum  fcedus.  Chlorosis. 

COLO-RECTITIS,  Dysentery. 

COLOSTRA,  Colostrum. 

COLOSTRATIO,  Colostration. 

C0L0STRA'TI02^,  Colosfra'tio.  Di.=iease  in 
new-born  children,  attributable  to  the  colostrum. 

COLOSTRUM,  Colos'tra,  Collustrum,  Cohis'- 
truyn,  Troph' alis,  Protog'ala,  Neog'ala,  Primum 
Puer'peras  lae,  Pytia,  Pyetia,  Green  Milk,  (Beast- 
lings,  Beistinc/s,  Beestings,  Biestings  or  Beastings, 
Beest,  (Sc.)  Beist,  Beisfyn,  (Prov.)  Fore-milk, 
Poad-milk,  Pored  milk,  Povrd-w.ilk,  in  the  cow, 
Ac.,)  from  ko'Xov,  'food'  [?],  or  from  koXAo,  'glue,' 
on  account  of  the  viscidity  of  the  first  milk.  (F.) 
Beton.  The  first  milk  after  accouchement.  It 
contains  more  serum  and  butter,  and  less  casein 
than  common  milk,  and  seems  to  possess  an  eva- 
cuant  property,  which  renders  it  fit  to  aid  in  the 
expulsion  of  the  meconium.  Colostrum  formerly 
meant  an  emulsion  prepared  of  turpentine  and 
yolk  of  egg. 

COLOUR-BLIlSrDNESS,  Achromatopsia. 

COLOURS,  ACCIDENT'AL,  Op'posite  co- 
lours, Complemen'tary  or  Harmon' ic  colours,  (F.) 
Couleurs  Complemeniaires.  If  the  eye  has  been 
for  some  time  regarding  a  particular  colour,  the 
retina  becomes  insensible  to  this  colour  ;  and  if, 
afterwards,  it  be  turned  to  a  sheet  of  white 
paper,  the  paper  will  not  seem  to  be  white,  but 
will  be  of  the  colour  that  arises  from  the  union 
of  all  the  rays  of  the  solar  spectrum,  except  the 
one  to  which  the  retina  has  become  insensible. 
Thus,  if  the  eye  be  directed  for  some  time  to  a 
red  wafer,  the  sheet  of  paper  will  seem  to  be  of 
a  bluish-green,  in  a  circular  spot  of  the  same  di- 
mensions as  the  wafer.  This  bluish-green  image 
is  called  an  oc'ular  spectrum,  because  it  is  im- 
pressed upon  the  eye  and  may  be  retained  for  a 
short  time ;  and  the  colour  bluish-green,  is  said 
to  be  the  accidental  colour  of  the  red.  If  this 
experiment  be  made  with  wafers  of  different  co- 
lours, other  accidental  colours  will  be  observed, 
varying  with  the  colonr  of  the  wafer  employed, 
as  in  the  following  table  : — 
15 


Colour  of  the  Accidental  colour,  or  colour  of  f^ 

Wafer.  ocular  spectrum. 

Red Bluish  green. 

Orange Blue. 

Yellow Indigo. 

Green Violet  with  a  little  red. 

Blue Orange  red. 

Indigo Orange  yellow. 

Violet Yellow  green. 

Black White. 

White Black. 

If  all  the  colours  of  the  spectrum  be  ranged  in 
a  circle,  in  the  proportions  they  hold  in  the  spec- 
trum itself,  the  accidental  colour  of  any  particu- 
lar colour  will  be  found  directly  opposite.  Hence, 
the  two  colours  have  been  termed  op)p>osite  colours. 
It  will  follow  from  what  has  been  said,  that  if  the 
primary  colour,  or  that  to  which  the  eye  has  been 
first  directed,  be  added  to  the  accidental  colour, 
the  result  must  be  the  same  impression  as  that 
produced  by  the  union  of  all  the  rays  of  the  spec- 
trum—  white  light.  The  accidental  colour,  in 
other  words,  is  what  the  primitive  colour  requires 
to  make  it  white  light.  The  primitive  and  acci- 
dental colours  are,  therefore,  complements  of  each 
other;  and  hence  accidental  colours  have  also 
been  called  conxplementary  colours.  They  have 
likewise  been  termed  harmonic,  because  the  pri- 
mitive and  its  accidental  colour  harmonize  with 
each  other  in  painting. 

COLPAL'GIA,  from  KoXnog,  'vagina/  and 
aXyog,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  vagina. 

COLPATRE'SIA,  Ehjtratre'sia,  Ancylocol'pus, 
Atretelyt' ria,  from  KoXtroq,  '  vagina,'  and  arpnTog, 
'  without  opening.'     Imperforation  of  the  vagina. 

COLPEMPHRAX'IS,  from  koAttoj,  'vagina,' 
and  £v(ppa^i;,  '  obstruction.'  Obstruction  of  the 
vagina  by  foreign  bodies. 

COLPEURYN'TER,  Speculum  vagina.  The 
same  term  is  given  by  Dr.  Braun  to  an  instru- 
ment for  dilating  the  os  uteri,  and  upper  part  of 
the  vagina.    The  operation  is  called  Colpeu'rysis. 

COLPITIS,  Colposis. 

COLPOC'ACE,  JEdceoti'tis  gangraino'sa,  Gan- 
grm'na  genita'lium  et  vagi'ncB,  from  KoXvog,  '  va- 
gina,' and  KaKog,  '  evil.'  Putreseency  or  gangrene 
of  the  vagina  and  labia. 

CoLPOCACE  Infanti'lis,  ^doeoti'tis  grangrcB- 
no'sa puella'rum,  Ncrma  pudendo' rum.  Grangrene 
or  putreseency  of  the  vagina  and  genitals  in  young 
children. 

CoLPOCACE  Puerpera'rum,  ^daeoti'tis  Gan- 
grcBno'sa  puerpiera' rum,  Tocodomycodori' tis  mn- 
lig'na  vagina'lis  (Ptitgen).  Sloughing  of  the 
vagina  and  genitals  in  puerperal  women. 

COLPOCELE,  Elytrocele. 

COLP0CYSTOTOM'IA,from  (coAttoj,  'vagina,' 
KvcTts,  'bladder,'  and  TOjir],  'incision.'  Sectio  va- 
gi'no-vesica'lis.     Lithotomy  through  the  vagina. 

COLPODESMORRAPH'IA,  from  Ko\:rog,  'va- 
gina,' htdjiog,  '  ligament,'  and  pa<pii,  '  suture.'  The 
removal  of  a  part  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
vagina  for  the  radical  cure  of  prolapsus  vaginas 
et  uteri. 

COLPQEDEMA,  Elytroedema. 

COLPOPHLEGHYMENITIS,  Eneolpitis. 

COLPOPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginae. 

COLPORRHA'GIA,  Elytrorrha' gia,  from  ko\- 
ros,  'vagina,'  and  prjywui,  'I  break  forth.'  Dis- 
charge of  blood  from  the  vagina. 

COLPORRHAPHY,  Elytrorrhaphy. 

COLPORRHEX'IS,  Rvptu'ra  vagi'na,  from 
KoXr.og,  'vagina,'  and  pv^ig,  'rupture.'  Rupture 
of  the  vagina.     Also,  colporrhagia. 

COLPORRH(EA,  Leucorrhoea. 

COLPOS,  see  Mamma;  Sinus,  Vagina. 

COLPO'SIS.      Inflammation    of    the   vagina. 


COLPOSTEGNOSIS 


226 


COMMEMOEATIVE 


Synonymous  with  Ehjtro'i'tis,  Elytri'tia,  Cole'i'tis, 
Colpi'tis.     See  Leucorrhoea. 

COLPOSTEGN  O'SIS,  Coleostegno' sis,  from 
/coXttos,  'vagina,'  and  o-rtyvoo),  '  I  close.'  Atresia, 
or  obliteration  of  the  vagina. 

COLPOSTENOCHOPwIA,  Coleostegnosis. 
COLPOSYXIZESIS,  Coleostegnosis. 
COLPOT'OMY,  Colpotom'ia,  from  ko\tos,  'va- 
gina,' and  Toixr],   'incision.'     An  incision  of  the 
vagina  in  parturition. 

COLT'S  FOOT.  Asarum  Canadense,  Tussilago. 
COL'UBEPl  BERUS.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  viper,  Vi'jjera,  (F.)  Oouleuvre,  Viph-e. 
Glass,  Reptilia,  Ord.  Ophidia.  A  poisonous  rep-  j 
tile — the  poison  lying  in  small  sacs  near  its  teeth. 
The  flesh  is  innocent,  and  has  been  often  taken 
in  scrofula,  and  in  cutaneous  disorders  in  general,  j 
but  it  is  inefficacious. 

COLUBRINA,  Polygonum  bistorta  —  c.  Dra- 
contia.  Arum  dracunculus  —  c.  Lusitanica,  Eu- 
phorbia capitata — c.  Virginiana,  Aristoloehia  ser- 
pentaria. 

COLUM,  Colon. 

COLUMBINE,  Aquilegia  vulgaris  — c.  "Wild, 
Aquilegia  Canadensis. 

COLUMBO,  Calumba  —  c.  American,  see  Ca- 
lamba — c.  Marietta,  see  Calumba. 

COLUMELLA,  Pillar,  Uvula  — c.  Cochleae, 
Modiolus. 

COLUM'NA,  Column,  (F.)  Colonne.  Anato- 
mists use  this  word  for  parts  which  resemble  a 
column  or  pillar ;  hence  for  the  penis. 

CoLTJMNA    Adstans     Isguisibus,    Penis  —  c. 
Dorsi,  Vertebral  column  —  c.  Fornicis,  see  Fornix. 
CoLuii'yA  Nasi.     The  cartilaginous  part  of  the 
septum  of  the  nostrils.     See  Nares. 

CoLUMXA  Oris,  Uvula — c.  Spinalis,  Vertebral 
column  —  c.  Virginitatis,  Hymen  —  c.  Foraminis 
ovalis,  see  Ovalis  fossa  —  c.  Valvulae  Vieussenii, 
see  Valvula  Vieussenii — c.  Vertebralis,  Vertebral 
column. 

COLUMNS  BERTI'NI,  Columns  of  Berlin. 
Processes  of  the  cortical  substance  of  the  kidney, 
which  extend  between  the  pyramids  of  Malpighi, 
as  far  as  the  hilus. 

COLUM'NA  CAR'NE^,  C.  Cordis,  Lacer'ti 
sen  Lacer'tuli  seu  Fiines  sea  Fascie'uli  ter'etes 
Cordis,  Trabes  seu.  Trahec'idcB  Cordis,  (F.)  Colon- 
nes  charnues  du  cceiir.  Small,  fleshy  columns, 
which  project,  more  or  less,  into  the  auricles  and 
ventricles  of  the  heart,  whose  use  appears  to  be 
to  prevent  too  great  dilatation  of  those  cavities. 
A  few  of  these  columncR — see  Musculi  jiapilla' res 
— are  attached  by  one  extremity  to  the  walls  of 
the  heart,  and,  by  the  other,  give  insertion  to 
chordse  tendinese.     See  Carneous  columns. 

Columns  CARifEiE  of  the  Rectum,  see  Rectum 
— c.  Papillares,  see  Columnee  Carnese. 
COLUMNEA  LONGIFOLIA,  Bahel. 
COLUMNS  OF  BERTIN,  Columuas  Bcrtini. 
COLUMNS,  POSTERIOR  MEDIAN,  OF  THE 
MEDULLA  OBLONGATA,  Funiculi  graciles— 
c.  of  Morgagni  or  of  the  Rectum,  see  Pi,ectum — c. 
of  the  Spinal  Marrow,  see  Vertebral  Nerves. 
COLUS  JOVIS,  Salvia  sclarea. 
COLUSTRUM,  Colostrum. 
COLU'TEA,  C.  Arbores'cens  seu  hirsu'ta.  Sen- 
na German'ica,  Bladder  Senna,  (F.)  Baguenaii- 
dier,  Faux  Sene,  Sine  indigene.      Ord.  Legumi- 
nosae.      Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.      The 
leaves  are  slightly  purgative,  and  are  often  mixed 
with  those  of  the  cassia  senna. 

COLUVRINE  DE  VIE GINIE,  Aristoloehia, 
serpentaria. 

COLYM'BADES,  Fielded  Olives.  These,  when 
bruised  and  applied  to  a  burnt  part,  were  sup- 
posed to  be  able  to  prevent  vesication.  —  Dios- 
corides. 

COLYMBIFERA  MINOR,  Mentha  crispa. 


COMA,  Seinisom'nis,  Semisopi'tus,  Semisopo' 
rus,  Siibeth,  (Arab).  A  profound  state  of  sleep, 
from  which  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  rouse  th* 
individual.  It  is  a  symptom  which  occurs  in 
many  diseases.  Two  varieties  are  distinguished, 
1.  Coma  vigil  seu  agrj/pno'des,  Pervigil'iuni, 
Vigil'icB  nim'icB,  Typlio'nia,  Veter'nus,  Veternos'- 
itas,  Agrypnoco' ma,  Cams  lethar'gus  vigil,  Ty- 
phoma'nia,  which  is  accompanied  with  delirium. 
The  patient  has  his  eyes  closed,  but  opens  them 
when  called;  and  closes  them  again  immediately. 
This  state  is  accompanied  with  considerable  rest- 
lessness. 2.  Coma  Somnolen'tiim,  C.  Comato'des  ; 
— in  which  the  patient  speaks  when  roused,  but 
remains  silent  and  immovable  in  the  intervals. 
Coma  is  a  deeper  sleep  than  sopor,  but  less  so 
than  lethargy  and  cams. 

CoiiA,  Capillus  —  c.  Agrypnodes,  see  Coma — 
c.  Apoplexia,  Apoplexy  —  c.  Caesarea,  Plica — c. 
Comatodes,  see  Coma — c.  Somnolentum,  Somno- 
lency, see  Coma — c.  Vigil,  see  Coma. 
COMACON,  Myristica  mosehata. 
COMAN'DRA  UMBELLA'TA,  ^asfarc^  Toat^- 
/?aj?.- indigenous;   Order,  Santalacese  :  flowering 
in  May  and  June ;  has  been  used  in  fevers  by 
some  of  the  Indian  tribes. 
COMAROS,  Arbutus  uned^. 
COMA'RUM  PALUS'TRE,  PotentiV  la  pains'- 
tris.    Marsh    Cinque/oil.      An   indigenous  plant. 
Family,  Rosacese,  which  flowers  in  June.     It  is 
possessed  of  astringent  virtues. 

CO'MATA,  from  <cu/ia.  Diseases  characterized 
by  diminution  of  the  powers  of  voluntary  motion, 
with  sleep  or  impaired  state  of  the  senses.  — ■ 
Cullen. 

COMATEUX,  Comatose. 
COMATODES,  Comatose. 

COM'ATOSE,  Comato'des,  Carot'ictui,  Caro'des, 
(F.)  Comateux.  Relating  to  or  resembling  coma: 
— as  comatose  sleep,  comatose  fever,  &C. 

COMBUSTIBILITY,  PRETERNATURAL, 
Combustion,  human. 

COMBUSTIO,  Burn  —  c.  Spontanea,  Combus- 
tion, human. 

COMBUS'TION,  HUMAN,  Sponta'neous  Com- 
bns'tion  or  Preternat'ural  L'ombnstibil'ity,  Cata- 
cau'sis,  Tachencau'sis,  Ineen'dium  sponta'neum, 
Combus'tio  sponta'nea,  Autempresm'its,  Idiapo- 
cau'sis,  Idiempre'sis,  Catacau'sis  ehrio'sa,  (F.) 
Combustion  humaine,  C.  humaine  spontanee ;  from 
comburere,  combustum,  (com,  and  urere,  jistu-m)  'to 
burn.'  These  terms  have  been  applied  to  the 
extraordinary  phenomenon  of  a  rapid  destruction 
of  the  human  body,  by  being  reduced  to  ashes 
either  spontaneously  or  by  the  contact  of  an 
ignited  substance.  It  is  said  to  have  occurred 
in  the  aged,  and  in  those  that  were  fat  and  hard 
drinkers.  In  such.  Dr.  Traill  has  found  a  con- 
siderable quantity  of  oil  in  the  serum  of  the  blood. 
Vicq  d'Azyr,  Lair,  and  Dupuytren  think  it  neces- 
sary, that  the  body  should  be  placed  in  contact 
with  an  ignited  substance.  Le  Cat,  Kopp,  and 
Marc  are  of  opinion  that  this  is  not  necessary. 
The  former  appears  to  be  the  more  probable  view. 
COMBUSTURA,  Burn. 
COMEDONES,  see  Acne. 
COMES  ARCHIATRORUM,  see  Exarchiater. 
COMESTIBLE  CF.),  Edu'lis,  from  comedere, 
'to  eat.'  Eatable,  (F.)  Edule.  Esculent.  "When 
this  word  is  used  substantively,  in  French  as  in 
English,  it  means  solid  food. 

COMEZ.     Half  a  drop.— Ruland. 
COMFREY,  Symphytum— 0.  Spotted,  Pulmo- 
naria — c.  Wild,  Cynoglossum  Virginicum. 
COMISTE,  Aliment. 
COMMANDUCATIO,  Mastication. 
COMMEM'ORATIVE,   Commemorati'vus,  (F.) 
Commemoratlf,    from     commemorare,     {com    and 


COMMENSUM 


COMPLEXUS 


memor,)  'to  cause  to  remem'ber.'  That  which 
recalls,  or  rather  •which  is  recalled. 

Commemorative  Signs,  (F.)  Stgnes  commemo- 
ratifs,  are  those  deduced  from  circumstances 
which  have  gone  before;  or  rather,  according  to 
others,  thoso  which  point  out  the  preceding  con- 
dition of  the  patient.  They  are  also  called  An- 
amnes'tic  signs. 

GOMMENSUM,  Symmetry. 

COMxMERCIUM,  Sympathy. 

COM  MI.  Gummi. 

COM' MINUTED,  Comwinu'tm,  from  commi- 
nnere,  (com  and  mintio,)  'to  break  to  pieces.' 
(F.)  Comrnintitif.  A  covmrimited  fracture  is  one 
in  which  the  bone  is  broken  into  a  number  of 
pieces. 

C  0  M  M I N  U'T  1 0  N,  Comminu'tio,  Th rypsis, 
Leio'sis.  Same  etymon.  Fracture  of  a  bone 
into  a  number  of  pieces. 

COMMISSURA,  Articulation. 

CoMMissuEA  Anterior  Cerebri,  Commissure, 
anterior,  of  the  Brain. 

Commissu'ra  Brevis.  A  lobule  or  prominence 
of  the  inferior  vermiform  process  of  the  cerebel- 
lum, situate  in  the  incisura  posterior,  below  the 
horizontal  fissure. 

CoMMissuRA  Labiorum,  Prostomia — c.  Magna 
cerebri,  Corpus  callosum  —  c.  Maxima  cerebri, 
Corpus  callosum — c.  Nervea,  Syndesmosis  —  e. 
Ossinm  carnea,  Syssarcosis. 

CoMjrissuRA  Posterior  Cerebri,  Commissure, 
posterior,  of  the  Brain. 

CoMMissoEA  Simplex.  A  small  lobule  or  pro- 
minence of  the  superior  vermiform  process,  near 
the  incisura  posterior  of  the  cerebellum. 

COMMISSU'RAL ;  same  etymon  as  commis- 
sure.    Of  or  belonging  to  a  commissure. 

COM'MISSURE,  Commissu'ra,  Comjia'ges,  Com- 
pagina'tia,  Sym'physis,  Sym'bole ;  from  coni- 
miUo,  [com  and  rtiittere,  missum,)  '  to  join  together.' 
A  point  of  union  between  two  parts  :  thus,  the 
commissures  of  the  eyelids,  lips,  &c.,  are  the  an- 
gles, which  they  form  at  the  place  of  union.  See 
Fibres,  converging. 

Com'missure,  Ante'rior,  op  the  Brain^,  Com- 
missu'ra ante'rior  cer'ebri,  (F.)  Comnnssure  ante- 
rieure  du  cerveau.  A  small  medullary  fasciculus, 
situate  transversely  at  the  anterior  part  of  the 
third  ventricle,  and  uniting  the  two  hemispheres. 

Commissure,  Great,  of  the  Brain,  Commis- 
su'ra Magna  Cer'ebri,  (F.)  Grande  commissure  du 
cerveau,  which  unites  the  two  hemispheres  for 
some  extent,  is  the  Corpus  callo'sum. 

Commissure,  Middle,  of  the  Braix.  A  layer 
of  gray  substance  uniting  the  thalami  optici. 

Commissure,  Oblique  or  Ixtercerebral,  see 
Valvula  Vieussenii — c.  Optic,  see  Chiasmus. 

Commissure,  Posterior  of  the  Brain.  Com- 
missu'ra  poste'rior  cer'ebri.  A  medullary  band, 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  third  or  middle 
ventricle. 

Commissure  of  the  Uvea,  Ciliary  ligament. 

COMMISSURE  BE  LA  GHOBO'IDE,  Cili- 
ary ligament. 

COMMO'SIS,  from  Koy.jio(D,  'I  adorn.'  The 
art  of  concealing  natural  deformities,  as  by  paint- 
ing the  face.     See,  also.  Propolis. 

COMMO'TICE,  in  the  older  writers,  meant  the 
art  of  communicating  factitious  beauty  to  a  per- 
son.    Painting  the  face  ;   Comopor'ia. 

COMMOTIO,  Motion,  Concussion— c.  Cerebri, 
Concussion  of  the  brain. 

COMMOTION,  Concussion— c.  du  Cerveau, 
Concussion  of  the  brain. 

COMMUNICABLE,  see  Contagious. 

COMMU'NICANS,  from  communis,  {com  and 
»nMJiM«, 'an  office,) 'common.'  Conjun'gens.  That 
which  communicates  or  establishes  a  communica- 


tion. Communicant.  There  are  two  Arfericp 
Commxinican'tes,  both  within  the  cranium  ;  — the* 
one  anterior,  very  short,  and  extending  trans- 
versely from  one  anterior  cerebral  artery  to  the 
other, — the  other  posterior,  called  also  Communi- 
cans  Willts'i-i,  which  passes  from  the  internal 
carotid  to  the  posterior  cerebral  artery.  It  is  a 
branch  of  the  basilary. 

CoMMUNiCANS  NoNi.  A  long  slender  nervous 
branch,  formed  by  filaments  from  the  first,  second 
and  third  cervical  nerves,  which  descends  upon 
the  outer  side  of  the  internal  jugular  vein,  and 
forms  a  loop  with  the  descendens  noni  over  the 
sheath  of  the  carotids. 

CoMMUNicANS  Peronei,  866  Communicans  pop- 
litei. 

Communicans  Poplite'i,  C.  tihia'lis  (nerrue.) 
A  large  nerve,  which  arises  from  the  popliteal, 
and,  at  a  variable  distance  below  the  articulation 
of  the  knee,  receives  the  communicans  perone{ 
from  the  peroneal  nerve, — the  two  forming  the 
external  saphenous  nerve. 

Communicans  Tibialis,  Communicans  poplitei. 

COMPACT,  Conqjac'tus,  from  com  and  pongere, 
pactum,  '  to  strike,  to  fix.'  Solid,  close.  (F.; 
Compiacte.  The  term  Compact  'Tissue  is  given  to 
the  hardest  and  closest  parts  of  bone. 

COMPAGES,  Articulation,  Commissure  —  c. 
Ossium  per  Lineam  Simplicem,  Harmony  —  c. 
Vertebrarum,  Vertebral  column. 

COMPAGINATIO,  Commissure. 

COMPAS  B'EPAISSETJR,  see  Pelvimeter. 

COMPASS  PLANT,  Silphium  laciniatum. 

COMPASSIO,  Sympathy. 

COMPEBA,  Piper  cubeba. 

COMPENSATION,  Balancemeut. 

COMPEPER,  Piper  cubeba. 

COMPER'NIS;  from  com  and  perna,  'a  gam- 
mon of  bacon  with  the  leg  on.'  One  who  has  his 
knees  turned  inwards.  A  case  of  distortion  of 
the  lesrs. 

COMPETENTIA  MEMBRORUM  OMNIUM, 
Symmetry. 

COMPLAINT,  Disease. 

Complaint,  Family,  see  Hereditary. 

COMPLEMENTAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

COMPLEMENTARY  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

COMPLETIO,  Plethora. 

COMPLEX,  Complex'iw,  from  com  'with,'  and 
plectere,  plexus,  'to  twist.'  Embracing  several 
distinct  things.  Chatissier  uses  this  term,  in  his 
anatomical  descriptions,  for  complicated. 

COMPLEXIO,  Coition,  Complexio,  Confusic, 
Temperament. 

COMPLEXION,  Complex' io.  Often  em- 
ployed, in  English,  for  the  colour  of  the  face, 
as  "  He  has  a  good  compAexion," — a  "sallow  com- 
plexion," <fec.  It  formerly  had  a  more  extensive 
signification,  and  still  has  in  France.  It  signifies 
the  aggregate  of  physical  characters  presented 
by  any  individual,  considered  with  respect  to  his 
external  arrangement  or  condition.  It  means 
more  than  constitution,  for  which  it  is  used  syno- 
nymously in  many  cases;  and  differs  from  tem- 
perament, which  is  less  the  external  condition 
of  the  body  than  the  state  or  disposition  of  the 
organs  in  health. — H.  Cloquet. 

COMPLEXUS,  Complex. 

CoMPLExus  Minor,  Mastoldeus  latera'lis,  Tra- 
che'lo-mastdideus,(E.)  TracJielo-mctsto'idien, Muscle 
petit  Complexus.  It  arises  from  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  last  four  cervical  vertebra,  and 
is  inserted  into  the  mastoid  process. 

Complexus  Mus'culus,  Biven'ter  Cervi'cis, 
Compilexus  Major,  Borso-trachelon-occipital,  Tra- 
chelo-oecipital  (Ch.),  (F.)  Muscle  grand  complexus. 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  hind  part  of  the  neck, 
where  it  extends  from  the  interval  that  separates 
the  two  prominent  ridges  on  the  posteriflr  surface 


COMPLICATION 


228 


COMPTONIA 


of  the  OS  oecipitis  to  the  transverse  and  articular  1 
processes    of  the    last   six  cervical  vertebrse,  as 
-well  as  to  those  of  the  first  five  dorsal,     It  serves 
to  straighten,  incline,  and  turn  the  head. 

COMPLICA'TION,  Complica'tio,  from  com 
'with,'  and  ^jZf'care,  'to  fold.'  In  medicine,  it 
means  the  presence  of  several  diseases,  morhi 
ci'inpHca'ti  seu  perplex'i,  or  of  several  adventi- 
tiouscireumstances  foreign  to  the  primary  disease. 
COMPOSIT"ION,  C'om2}osit"io,  from  compo- 
nere,  (com  and  ponere,  ponitiim,  'to  place;')  'to 
place  together.'  Syn'thesis.  The  act  of  com- 
posing or  compounding,  —  of  medicines  for  ex- 
ample; lamatosyntax'is.  Also,  the  Compound, 
Compjos'ilum,  or  thing  compounded.  Likewise,  a 
cojnhinfitinn. 

COMPOSITUM,  Compound. 
COMPOUND.     Same  etymology;  to  mix  me- 
dicines.    To    mingle    different   ingredients   into 
one  whole.     Used  adjectively,  compound  signifies 
the    result   of    the   union    of    several   medicinal 
agents,  as  "  a  compound  medicine." 
COMPREHENSIO,  Catalepsy. 
COMPPtENSIO,  Catalepsy. 

COM'PPv,ESS,  Compirea'sa,  Spleniiim,  Spleniola, 
Splenia'cus,  Pla'gxda,  Penicil'bim,  Penic'tdum, 
from  comprimere,  [com  and  pieitiere,  pressvjn,  'to 
press,')  'to  press  together.'  (F.)  Compresse. 
Folded  pieces  of  lint  or  rag,  so  contrived  as,  by 
the  aid  of  a  bandage,  to  make  due  pressure  upon 
any  part.  According  to  their  shape,  direction, 
and  use,  compresses  have  been  called  long  (  (F.) 
longuettes,)  square  [carrecs,)  Iriancjular,  pris- 
matic, graduated  (graduees.)  split  {/endues,)  fene- 
trees,  crihle^s,  croix  de  Malte,  oblique,  circular^ 
dividing  [divisivea,]  uniting  [unisantes,)  cribri- 
form, &c. 

The  Umschlag  or  compress  of  the  hydropa- 
thists  is  a  cloth,  well  wetted  with  cold  water, 
applied  to  the  surface  near  the  supposed  seat  of 
disease,  securely  covered  with  a  dry  cloth,  and 
changed  as  often  as  it  becomes  dry.  It  is  some- 
times covered  with  a  layer  of  oiled  silk,  to  pre- 
vent evaporation. 

GOMPRESSEUR  DE  DUPUYTREN,  Com- 
pressor of  Dupuytren  —  c.  du  Nez,  Compressor 
nasi — c.  de  la  Prostate,  Compressor  prostata;. 
C02IPRESSIF,  Compressive. 
CUMPRESSIO,  Compression,  Thlipsis. 
COMPPtES'SION,  Comjvessio,  Enerei'sis. 
Same  etymology.  Pressure;  methodical  com- 
pression. An  agent  frequentl}'  had  recourse  to 
in  surgery.  We  compress  a  limb,  affected  with 
oedema,  varices,  hydrops  articuli,  callous  ulcer,  &e. 
The  abdomen  is  compressed  after  delivery,  after 
piaraeentesis  abdominis,  &c.  The  compression  is 
produced  by  means  of  the  roller,  laced  stocking, 
&c.,  according  to  the  part,  and  to  the  particular 
case.  Moderate  pressure  aids  the  contractility 
of  parts,  and  excites  the  action  of  the  absorbents  ; 
so  that  large  tumours  at  times  disappear  after  it 
has  been  used  for  some  time.  A  greater  degree 
of  pressure  occasions,  still  more,  the  emaciation 
of  the  part,  but  it  is  apt  to  impede  the  circula- 
tion. Pressure  is  often  used  to  stop  or  moderate 
the  flow  of  blood  in  cases  of  aneurism  or  wounds 
of  arteries  and  veins.  In  such  cases,  the  com- 
pression may  be  immediate,  when  applied  upon 
the  artery  itself,  or  it  may  be  mediate,  when  ap- 
plied through  the  integuments  and  soft  parts. 
The  French  use  the  term  Comjrressinn  immediate 
Interale  for  that  which  is  exerted  perpendicularly 
to  the  axis  of  a  vessel,  so  as  to  flatten  its  sides. 
It  is  practised  wiih  the  finger,  forceps,  tourniquet, 
compresses,  &c. 

CoMPEES'sioN  OF  THE  Braix.  This  may  arise 
either  from  coagula  of  blood,  a  soft  tumour,  a 
bony  excrescence,  a  depressed  portion  of  the 
skuli,  or  the  presence  of  some  foreign  body.     The 


efi"eets  vary,  according  as  the  compression  takes 
place  suddenly  or  gradually.  When  suddenly, 
the  sj'mptoms  are  of  the  comatose  or  apoplectic 
character.  When  gradually,  mania,  convulsions, 
&.C.,  are  more  likely  to  occur.  Compression, 
arising  from  a  depressed  portion  of  skull,  requires 
the  use  of  the  trephine. 

COMPRES'SIVE,  Compiressi'vus,  (P.)  Com- 
pressif.  That  which  compresses.  A  compressive 
bandage  is  one  that  compresses  the  parts  to  which 
it  is  applied. 

COMPRES'SOR  or  COMPRESSO'RIUM  OF 
DUPUYTREN,  (F.)  Comjrresseur  de  Dupuytren. 
An  instrument  for  compressing  the  femoral  ar- 
tery, invented  by  Dupuytren.  It  is  constructed 
on  the  same  principles  as  the  tourniquet  of  J.  L. 
Petit,  from  which  it  only  differs  in  this  respect; — 
that,  instead  of  being  maintained  in  its  place  by  a 
strap,  which  always  compresses  more  or  less  the 
circumference  of  the  limb,  the  two  pads  are  placed 
at  the  extremities  of  a  semicircle  of  steel,  which,  by 
passing  from  one  to  the  other  without  touching 
the  parts,  limits  the  pressure  to  two  opposite 
points  of  the  thigh,  and  permits  the  collateral 
circulation  to  go  on. 

CoirPRESSOK  Naeis,  Rince'vs,  Xasa'lis,  Trans- 
versa'lis  Nasi,  3Iyrtiform'is,  Dilatato' res  ala'rum 
nasi,  Constric'tor  Nasi  seu  Na'rium  seu  Naris, 
Triangula'ris  Nasi,  (F.)  Jfaxillo-narinal,  Sus- 
maxillo -nasal,  —  (Ch.,)  Compressenr  du  nez, 
Transversal  du  nez.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  sides 
of  the  nose;  flat  and  triangular.  It  arises  from 
the  inner  part  of  the  fossa  canina,  and  passes  to 
the  dorsum  of  the  nose;  where  it  is  confounded 
with  that  of  the  opposite  side. 

Compressor  or  Constrictor  of  Nl'Ck.  An 
instrument  for  compressing  the  urethra,  to  ob- 
viate incontinence  of  urine.  It  consists  of  a 
girdle  of  iron,  which  surrounds  the  pelvis,  to 
which  is  fixed  a  plate  of  the  same  metal,  that 
compresses  the  urethra  in  perinmo. 

CoiiPEESSOR  Peos'tat^,  Prostai'icus  supe'- 
rior,  Pubio-p>rostat' icus,  Sub-pubio-2yrostat'icus, 
(F.)  Compressenr  de  la  prostate.  A  muscle,  ad- 
mitted by  Albixds,  which  is  formed  of  the  ante- 
rior fibres  of  the  Levator  ani,  that  embrace  the 
prostate.  It  is  the  Prosiat'icus  aupe'rior  of 
Wins  LOW. 

CoJiPRKs'soR  Uee'thr^.  a  muscle  consisting 
of  two  portions — one  of  which  is  transverse  in  its 
direction,  and,  in  consequence  of  its  having  been 
particularlj'  described  by  Mr.  Guthrie,  has  been 
called  Guthrie's  muscle.  It  arises  from  the  ramus 
of  the  ischium,  and  passes  inwards  to  embrace 
the  membranous  urethra.  The  other  portion  is 
perpendicular,  descending  from  the  pubis  and 
passing  down  to  be  inserted  into  the  transverse 
portion  of  the  muscle; — Pu'bio-urethra'lis.  This 
portion  has  been  considered  by  many  to  be  only 
the  anterior  fibres  of  the  levator  ani;  and  having 
been  described  by  Mr.  Wilson,  it  has  been  called 
Wilson's  muscle. 

CoMPEEssoE  Yen^  Dorsa'lis  Penis.  A  small 
muscle,  distinctly  seen  in  animals,  less  distinctly 
in  man,  which  arises  from  the  ramus  of  the  pubis, 
and  ascending  in  a  direction  forwards  is  inserted 
above  the  vena  dorsalis,  joining  with  its  fellow 
of  the  opposite  side  on  the  mesial  line.  Its  use 
is  supposed  to  compress  the  vein  in  erection.  It 
is  sometimes  called  the  muscle  of  Houston,  after 
Dr.  Houston  of  Dublin. 

COMPRESSORIUM,  Compressor. 
COMPTO'NIA  ASPLENIFO'LIA,  Liquidam'- 
bar  peregri'na  seu  asplenifo'lia,  dfyo'ica  aspleni- 
fo'lia,  Siceet  Fern,  Shrubby  Siceet  Pern,  Sweet 
bush,  Pern  bush,  Fern  gale,  Spleenicort  bush, 
3{eadow  fern,  Astringent  root.  An  indigenous 
shrubby  plant,  which  grows  in  sandy  or  stony 
woods  from  New  England  to  Virginia.     It  pos- 


COMPUNCTIO 


2  2  9 


CONCUSSION 


sesses  tonic  and  astringent  properties,  and  is  used 
as  a  domestic  remedy  in  diarrhoea,  &c.,  in  tiie 
form  of  decoction. 

COMPUNCTIO,  Paracentesis,  Puncturing. 

CON.ESTHESIS,  CoenEesthesis. 

CONARIUM,  Pineal  gland. 
•    CONATUS,  Effort. 

CONCARNATIO,  Syssnrcosis. 

CONOASSER,  (F.),  from  eonqnassare,  {com 
and  qiiassare,  'to  shake  much,')  'to  break  to 
pieces;'  'to  comminute.'  To  reduce  roots,  woods, 
&a.  into  small  fragments,  in  order  that  their  ac- 
tive principles  may  be  more  readily  separated 
from  them. 

CONCAU'SA,  Concaus'sa,  (com  and  causa,) 
SyncR'tioH.  A  cause  which  co-operates  with  an- 
other, in  the  production  of  disease. 

CONCAVITAS  CONCHULARIS  CEREBRI, 
Infundibulum  of  the  brain. 

CONCAVUM  PEDIS,  Sole. 

CONCENTRAN'TIA,  from  com  and  centrum, 
'a  centre.'  A  name  once  given  to  absorbents  of 
acids. 

CONCENTRA'TION.  Concentra'tio.  A  word 
sometimes  used,  in  medical  theories,  to  express 
an  afflux  of  fluids,  or  a  convergence  of  sensibility 
or  of  vital  force,  towards  an  organ.  It  is  applied, 
also,  to  the  pulsation  of  arteries,  when  not  easily 
felt  under  the  finger.  ^ 

POULS  CONCENTRE,  (F.)  A  term  ap- 
plied by  the   French   to  a  pulse  of  the   above 

CONCEPTACULA  SEMINARIA,  Vesicul^ 
semin  arias. 

CONCEPTACULUM,  Uterus,  Vessel. 

CONCEPTIO,  Conception  —  c.  Vitiosa,  Preg- 
nancy, extra-uterine. 

CONCEP'TION,  Ooncep'fio,  Concey/tus,  Cye'- 
sis,  Syllep'sis,  Androlep'sid,  from  coiicipio,  (com 
and  capio,)  'I  conceive.'  The  impregnation  of 
the  ovum  by  the  positive  contact  of  the  male 
sperm,  whence  results  a  new  being.  The  whole 
subject  of  conception  is  most  mysterious.  It 
seems  to  occur  as  follows.  During  the  sexual 
union,  the  male  sperm  passes  along  the  uterus 
and  Fallopian  tubes:  the  fimbriated  extremities 
of  the  latter  seize  hold  of  the  ovarium  ;  and  the 
sperm  in  this  manner  comes  in  contact  with  a 
maturated  ovum,  and  impregnates  it.  The  fe- 
cundated ovum  remains  some  time  in  the  ovarium, 
but  at  length  bursts  its  covering,  is  laid  hold  of 
by  the  fimbriated  extremity  of  the  Fallopian 
tubes,  and  passes  along  the  tube  into  the  cavity 
of  the  uterus,  where  it  remains  for  the  full  period 
of  utero-gestation.  Some  are  of  opinion,  that 
the  ovum  is  not  impregnated  until  it  has  entered 
the  Fallopian  tube,  or  uterus. 

Concep'tion,  False,  Falsus  Concep'tits,  Spu'- 
rium  f/ermen,  (F.)  Fausse  Conception,  Faux  germe. 
An  irregular,  preternatural  conception,  the  result 
of  which  is  a  mole  or  some  similar  production, 
instead  of  a  properly  organized  foetus.    See  Mole. 

CONCEP'TUS.  The  first  rudiments  of  the 
foetus,  after  conception.     Also,  conception. 

CoNCEPTUS  Falsus,  Conception,  false. 

CONCHA,  Conchus,  Koy^v,  '  a  concave  shell.' 
A  liquid  measure,  amongst  the  Athenians,  equal 
to  half  an  ounce.  Anatomists  apply  this  term  to 
several  hollow  parts  of  the  body; — as  the  Concha 
of  the  Ear,  —  Concha  Auris,  Concha  Auric' ulm  ; 
(F.)  Conque — the  hollow  part  of  the  cartilage  of 
the  external  ear.  It  has,  also,  been  applied  to 
the  genital  organs  of  the  female;  to  the  pa- 
tella, &c. 

Concha,  Patella,  Turbinated  bone  (middle,) 
Vulva  —  c.  Auris  interna.  Cochlea  —  c.  Cerebri, 
Infundibulum  of  the  brain — c.  Genu,  Patella — c. 
Inferior,  Turbinated  bone,  (inferior)  —  c.  Laby- 
rinthi,    Cochlea — c.    Morgagniana,    Turbinated 


bone,  (superior) — c.  Narium  superior,  Turbinated 
bone,  (superior.) 

CONCHA  NARIUM,  Turbinated  bones  — c. 
Veneris,  Turbinated  bones.  _ 

CONCHA'RUM  ANTIFEBRI'LE.  A  febri- 
fuge and  sudorific  preparation  in  Bates's  Pharma- 
copoeia.  It  was  composed  of  vinegar,  mussel- 
shells,  and  water  of  Carduus  benedictus. 

CONCHO-IIELIX.  A  small,  fleshy  fascicu- 
lus, attached  to  the  concha  of  the  ear  and  helix. 
It  is  also  called  the  small  muscle  of  the  helix. 

CONCHUS,  Concha.  The  cranium.  In  the 
plural,  it  means  the  orbitar  cavities. — Castelii. 

Conchus  Ocoli,  Orbit. 

CONCHYLIA,  Turbinated  bones. 

CONCIDENTIA,  Collapse. 

CONCILIA  CORPORALIA,  Coition. 

CONCIL'IUM.  A  milky  plant,  referred  to  by 
Pliny  as  aphrodisiac  and  antiphthisical.  Adanson 
considers  it  to  be  a  Camjxinula. 

CONCOCTED,  Concoc'tns,  lUatura'tus,  Pepei'- 
rus ;  from  con  and  coquere,  'to  boil.'  Brought  to 
maturity:  ripe;  concocted;  digested. 

CONCOCTIO.  Coction— c.  Tarda,  Dyspepsia. 

CONCOCTION.  Coction. 

C0NC02JBRE  ORDINAIRE,  Cucumis  sati- 
vus — c.  Sauvnge,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CONCOMITANS,  Concomitant. 

CONCOM'ITANT,  Coneom'itans,  from  con  and 
comitnre,  (itself  from  comire  —  cum  and  ire,)  'to 
go  with.'  That  which  accompanies.  A  symjjtom 
which  accompanies  others. 

CONCREMATIO,  Calcination. 

CONCRExMENTA  ZOOHYLICA,  see  Zoo- 
hylioa. 

CONCREMENTUM,  Concretion. 

C  ON  ORE  T  10,  Adherence,  Concretion  — c. 
Palpebrarum  cum  bulbo  oculi,  Symblepharosis. 

CONCRE'TION,  Concre'tio,  Concremen'tam, 
from  concrescere,  concretum,  [con  and  creseere,) 
'to  condense,  thicken,  become  solid:'  Pexis, 
Sympex'is,  Trr/^tg,  avjivrj^ig.  The  act  of  becoming 
thick  or  solid.  It  was  once  used  synonj^mously 
with  adhesion  or  growing  together — as,  "concre- 
tion of  the  toes."  Most  commonly,  it  is  applied 
to  extraneous  and  inorganic  bodies,  of  a  solid 
character,  met  with  in  different  textures,  after 
certain  chronic  inflammations;  or  which  make 
their  appearance  in  the  joints  or  in  the  reservoirs 
for  excrementitial  fluids.  Concretion  is,  there- 
fore, frequently  synonymous  with  Calculus,  and 
is  then  rendered,  in  Latin,  by  the  word  Concre- 
rnentum.  But  Concretion  has  a  more  extensive 
signification  than  Calculus;  thus,  accidental  ossi- 
fications or  deposits  of  phosphate  of  lime  in  cer- 
tain organs,  and  especially  in  the  liver  and  lungs, 
are  properly  called  osseous  concretions.  They 
could  not  well  be  called  osseous  calculi. 

Concretion,  Fibrinous,  Sanguineous,  Po- 
LYPiFORjr,  or  Polypous,  of  the  Heart,  see  Poly- 
pus— c.  Intestinalis,  Calculus  of  the  Stomach  and 
Intestines. 

CONCRETIONES  ALVIN^,  Calculi  of  the 
stomach  nud  intestines. 

CONCUBITUS,  Coition— c.  Venerous,  Coition. 

CONCUR'SUS,  from  concurrere,  {con,  and  cur- 
rere,  cursum,  'to  run,')  'to  meet  together,'  Syn'- 
drome.  The  congeries  or  collection  of  symptoms, 
which  constitute  and  distinguish  a  particular  dis- 
ease. 

CONCUS'SION,  Commo'tion,  from  concutio, 
concussum,  (co;i  and  quatere,  'to  shake,')  'I  shake 
together.'  Concus'sio,  Thlasma  Concus'sio,  Gom- 
mo'tio,  Anasis'mus,  Tinagmus,  (F.)  Commotion. 
In  Surgery,  it  is  used  for  the  agitation  often  com- 
municated to  one  organ  by  a  fall  upon  another; 
as  to  the  brain  from  a  fall  on  the  breech,  <te. 

In  all  severe  injuries,  in  sudden  encephalic 
hemorrhage,  and  in  overwhelming  emotions,  a 


CONDENSANTIA 


230 


CONFECTIO 


concussion  or  shocJc  is  felt  to  a  greater  or  less  ex- 
tent in  the  nervous  system,  which  requires  the 
careful  attention  of  the  physician. 

Concussion  of  the  Brain,  Commo'tio  Ger'ehri, 
Apoplex'ia  nervo'sa  traumat'ica,  Encephalosia'- 
mas,  (F.)  Commotion  du  Cerveau,  sometimes  gives 
rise  to  alarming  symptoms,  even  to  abolition  of 
the  functions  of  the  brain,  yet  witliout  any  sen- 
sible organic  disease.  Slight  concussion  of  the 
brain,  called  stunning,  consists  in  vertigo,  tinnitus 
aurium,  loss  of  memory,  and  stupefaction;  all 
these  being  temporary.  When  more  severe,  there 
is  instant  loss  of  sensation  and  volition,  vomiting, 
the  patient  being  as  if  in  a  sound  sleep,  but  there 
is  no  stertorous  breathing.  Pulse  variable,  gene- 
rally more  rapid  and  feeble  than  in  compression ; 
extremities  cold.  Little  can  be  done  here,  till 
reaction  has  occurred:  after  this,  the  case  must 
be  treated  according  to  general  principles, — by 
bleeding,  blisters,  cold  applied  to  the  head,  &e. 
After  severe  concussion,  a  patient,  although  ap- 
parently vfell,  is  not  safe  till  some  time  after  the 
accident. 

CONDENS  AN 'T I  A,  from  co?i  and  densus, 
'dense;'  Incra-asan'tia.  Medicines  esteemed 
proper  for  inspissating  the  humours. 

CONDENSATIO,  Condensation,  Stegnosis. 
CONDENSA'TION,   Gondensa'tio,  Inspissa'tio. 
Increase  in  density  of  the  blood  and  other  liquids, 
or  of  the  solids,  which  enter  into  the  composition 
of  the  human  body. 

CONDENSER,  see  Alembic. 
Conden'ser,  Liebig's.  a  distillatory  arrange- 
ment, invented  by  Liebig,  in  which  the  tube  con- 
veying the  vapour  is  made  to  pas?  through  an- 
other tube,  the  calibre  of  which  is  such  as  to 
leave  a  space  between  the  two,  through  which  a 
stream  of  water  may  be  made  to  run. 

CON'DIMENT,  Condimen'tum,  Ar'tyma,  He- 
dtju'ma,  Conditu' ra,  from  condire,  'to  season.' 
(F.)  Assaissonnement.  Some  substances  are  called, 
at  times,  aliments,  and  at  others,  condiments,  ac- 
cording as  they  constitute  the  basis  or  the  acces- 
sory to  any  dish  :  such  are  cream,  butter,  mush- 
rooms, olives,  <fcc.  Others  are  always  condiments, 
as  they  are  only  used  to  improve  the  savour  of 
food,  and  contain  but  little  nutritive  matter.  Such 
are  pepper,  salt,  cinnamon,  ifec.  Almost  all  con- 
diments are  possessed  of  stimulant  properties. 
CONDIT,  Confectio. 

CONDI'TUM,  same  etymon.  A  pharmaceu- 
tical compound  of  wine,  honey,  and  some  aro- 
matics,  especially  pepper.  Also,  a  confection. 
CONDITURA  CADAVERUM,  Embalming. 
COiSTDOM,  Armour,  (F.)  Bandruch.e,  lledin- 
(jote  Anglaise,  Gant  des  TJames,  Galotte  d'cissn- 
rance,  Peau  divine.  The  intestinum  esecum  of  a 
sheep,  soaked  for  some  hours  in  water,  turned 
inside  out,  macerated  again  in  weak,  alkaline  ley, 
changed  every  twelve  hours,  and  scraped  care- 
fully to  abstract  the  mucous  membrane,  leaving 
the  peritoneal  and  muscular  coats  exposed  to  the 
vapour  of  burning  brimstone,  and  afterwards 
washed  with  soap  and  water.  It  is  then  blown 
up,  dried,  cut  to  the  length  of  seven  or  eight 
inches,  and  bordered  at  the  open  end  with  a 
riband.  It  is  drawn  over  the  penis  prior  to  coi- 
tion, to  prevent  venereal  infection  and  pregnancy. 
It  received  its  name  from  its  proposer.  Dr.  Con- 
dom. 

CONDUCTIO,  Tonic  spasm,  Convulsion. 
^  CONDUCTION,   VIBRATIONS    OF,   see 
Sound. 

CONDUCTOR,  Direc'tor,  Itinera' rium,  (F.) 
Gonductenr ;  from  con,  'with,'  and  ducere,  duc- 
t'lm,  'to  lead.'  That  which  conducts.  The  Con- 
ductor was  an  instrument,  formerly  used  in  the 
high  operation  for  the  stone,  for  directing  the 
forceps  into  the  bladder. 


CONDUIT,  Canal  —  c,  Auditif  externe,  Audi- 
tory canal,  external — c.  Auditif  interne,  Auditory 
canal,  internal  —  c.  Auricidaire,  Auditory  canal, 
external — c.  Gholedoque,  Choledoch  duct — c.  J9e- 
ferent,  Deferens — e.  d' Eustache,  Eustachian  tube 
— c.  Gutturale  de  Voreille,  Eustachian  tube — c.  La- 
hyrinthique,  Auditory  canal,  internal — c.  Ptery- 
goidien.  Pterygoid  canal — c.  de  la  Pudeur,  Vagina 
— c.  Sonsorhitaire,  Suborbitar  canal — c.  Sperma- 
tique,  Deferens  (vas) — e.  Thoracique,  Thoracic 
duct — e.  Vidie7i,  Pterygoid  canal. 

CONDUITS  ADIPEUX,  Fatty  canals  — c. 
Aquenx,  see  Aqueous  —  c.  Aveugles  de  I'urethre, 
see  Csecus — c.  Dentaires,  Dental  canals — c.  Eja- 
culateurs,  Ejaculatory  ducts — c.  Lacrymaux,  La- 
chrymal ducts — c.  Lactiferes,  Lactiferous  vessels 
— c.  Nourriciers,  Canals,  nutritive — e.  Nutriciers, 
Canals,  nutritive. 

CONDYLARTHRO'SIS,  from  icovivUs,  'a  con- 
dyle,' and  apOpov,  'a  joint.'  Articulation  by  con- 
dyles. An  elongated  head  or  condyle,  received 
into  an  elliptical  cavity. 

CON'DYLE,  Con'dyle,  Con'dylus,  Capit'ulnm, 
from  KovSvXoi,  'a  knot,  eminence.'  An  articular 
eminence,  round  in  one  direction,  flat  in  the  other. 
A  kind  of  process,  met  with  more  particularly  in 
the  ginglymoid  joints; — such  as  the  condyles  of 
the  occipital,  inferior  maxillary  bone,  &c.  Some 
anatomists  have  applied  the  term,  however,  to 
eminences  that  are  not  articular, — as  to  the  late- 
ral tuberosities  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  os 
humeri,  and  even  to  certain  depressions, — as  to 
the  concave  articular  surfaces  at  the  upper  extre- 
mity of  the  tibia..  Chaussier  calls  the  transverse 
reot  of  the  zygomatic  process  Condyle  of  the  tem- 
poral bone. 

CONDYLI  DIGITORUM  MAN  US,  Phalanges 
of  the  fingers. 

CONDYLIEN,  see  Condyloid  Foramina. 

CONDYLIUS,  Condyloid. 

CON'DYLOID,  GondyloVdeus,  Condylo'des, 
Condyl'ins,  from  Koviv^^oi,  'a  condyle,'  and  ti&j, 
'shape.'     Having  the  shape  of  a  condyle. 

Condyloid  Foram'ixa,  Foram'ina  Condylo'idea, 
(F.)  Trous  condyldidiens.  Fosses  condylo'idiennes. 
They  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  poste- 
rior. They  are  four  in  number,  seated  in  the 
occipital  bone; — two  anterior,  and  two  posterior 
to  the  condyles  or  condyloid  pjrocesses  of  the 
same  bone,  and  to  depressions,  which  are  called 
FosscB  GondyloidecE. 

As  the  word  Condylo'idien  means,  'that  which 
has  the  shape  of  a  condyle,'  it  has  been  judi- 
ciously proposed  by  some  French  anatomists  that 
condylien  should  be  used  in  preference,  in  the 
cases  of  the  foramina  and  fossae. 

CONDYLOiDIEN,  see  Condyloid  Foramina. 

CONDYLO'MA,  Gondylo'sis,  Con'dylus,  Ver- 
ru'ca  carno'sa,  from  KovivXos,  'a  knot,'  'an  emi- 
nence.' A  soft,  fleshy  excrescence,  of  an  indolent 
character,  which  appears  near  the  orifice  of  the 
genital  organs  and  rectum,  and  occasionally  on 
the  fingers  and  toes.  It  is  a  consequence  of  the 
syphilitic  virus.  Such  tumours  are  also  called 
Dermoph i/'niatn  vene'rea. 

CONDYLOSIS,  Condvloma. 

CONDYLES,  Condyloma. 

CONEFLOWER,  Rudbeckia  laciniata  — c. 
Purple,  Echinacea  purpurea. 

CONFINE,  see  Conium. 

CONESSI  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidysenteri- 
cum. 

CONFECTIO,  Gonfec'tion,  from  conficio,  con- 
feetum,  (con  and /acere,  'to  make,')  'I  make  up.' 
Alig'ulus,  (F.)  Confix,  Confiture,  Gondit.  In  gene- 
ral, it  means  anything  made  up  or  preserved  with 
sugar.  In  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  the  United 
States,  London,  and  Dublin,  it  includes  the  arti- 


CONFECTIO 


231 


CONFECTIO 


eles  before  called  electuaries  and  conserves.    Con- 
fec'tio  or  Confec' turn  also  means  Confectionary. 

CoNFECTio  Alkermes,  Alkermes. 

CoNrECTioAMYGDALA'ROM,  C.  Amyg' dalcB,  Con- 
serva  amygdala' rum,  Almond  Confection,  Almond 
Paste,  Pasta  re'gia  sen  Amygdali'na  seu  Emul- 
si'va,  Bitty'rum  Amygdala' rum  Dul'cium,  (F.) 
Confection  d'Amandes.  (Sweet  almonds,  ,^viij  ; 
gum  acacia,  ^j  ;  white  sugar,  ,^iv.  Blancb  the 
almonds,  and  beat  into  a  paste.)  A  good  mode 
of  keeping  almonds  in  a  state  fit  for  making 
emulsions. 

CoNPECTio  Archig"eni,  C.  PauU'na.  (Castor, 
long  pepper,  black  pepper,  storax,  galhanum, 
costus,  opium,  of  each  ^ss;  saffron,  3i'J !  syrup 
of  wormwood,  3'j-)  It  ^'3S  much  recommended 
as  a  stimulant  in  nervous  affections. 

CoNFECTio  Aromat'ica,  C.  Cardi'aca  seu  Ha- 
leigka'na,  Electua'rium  Aromat'icum,  Aromatic 
Confection,  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  Cordial.  The 
following  is  the  formula,  (Ph.  U.  S.):  Pulv.  aro- 
mat.  .^vss  ;  croci,  in  pulv.  ^ss  ;  syru2>.  aurant. 
^vj  ;  3Iel  despumat.  ^ij.  Rub  the  aromatic 
powder  with  the  saffron;  then  add  the  syrup  and 
honey,  and  beat  together  until  thoroughly  mixed. 
Dose,  9j  to  3J. 

CoNFECTio  AtJRANTlo'KTJir,  C.  Auran'tii  Oor'- 
ticis,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Conser'va  Cor'tieum  Auraniio'- 
rum  seu  Cor'ticis  Exterio'ris  Aurantii  Hispalen'- 
s-is  seu  Flaved'inis  Corticum  Aurantiorum  Hispa- 
len'sium  seu  AuraiUii  seu  Citri  Aurantii,  Confec- 
tion of  the  Orange,  Conserve  of  Orange  Peel. 
(  Yellow  part  of  the  peel  of  the  orange,  tbj  ;  rec- 
tified sugar,  ft)iij  ;  beat  into  a  conserve.)  It  is 
Stomachic,  and  an  agreeable  vehicle,  corrigent, 
and  adjuvant  for  other  remedies.     Dose,  ^ss. 

CoNFECTio  Cardiaca,  Confectio  aromatica. 

CoNFECTio  Cas'si^,  Conserva  cassice,  Electua'- 
rium CassicB  Fis'tulce  seu  Cassim  seu  e  Cassia  seu 
IcLxati'vum  seu  Cassice  tamarinda'tnm  seu  leniti'- 
vum  seu  e  Cassia,  Diacas'sia  cum  Manna,  Cassia 
Confection.  (Cassia  pulp,  Ktss;  manna,  ,^ij  ; 
tamarind  pulp,  ^j  ;  syrup  of  roses,  f^viij. 
Bruise  the  manna,  dissolve  by  heat,  mix  the 
pulp,  and  evaporate. — (Ph.  L.)  It  is  gently  laxa- 
tive.    Dose,  ^ss. 

Confec'tio  Cat'echu  Compos'itum,  Electua'- 
rium Catechu,  Compound  Confec'tion  of  Catechu. 
(Pidv.  catechu  comp.  ^v  (avoirdupois);  Syrup. 
f^v,  mix.  (Ph.  D.)  The  Edinburgh  confection 
is  formed  of  catechu  and  Icino,  each  ^iv;  cinna- 
mon and  nutmeg,  each  §j  ;  opium,  diffused  in  a 
little  sherry,  _^iss  ;  Syrup  of  Bed  Roses,  of  the 
consistence  of  honey,  Oiss  (Imp.  meas.):  mixed 
and  thoroughly  beaten  together.  A  grain  of 
opium  is  contained  in  about  200  grains  of  the 
mass.     Dose,  as  an  astringent,  ^ss  to  ^j- 

Confectio  Damocratis,  Mithridate. 

Confectio  Hamec — so  called  from  an  Arabian 
physician  —  was  composed  of  the  bark  of  the 
yellow  myrobalans,  black  myrobalans,  violets,  pulp 
of  colocynth,  polypodium  of  the  oak,  leaves  of 
roormwood,  thyme,  aniseed,  fennel,  red  roses,  pulps 
of  prunes,  raisins,  sugar,  honey,  senna,  rhubarb, 
&c.     It  was  used  as  a  purgative  in  glysters. 

Confectio  Hyacin'thi,  Hy'acinth  Confection, 
Electua'rium  seu  Confec'tio  de  Croco  enienda'ta 
olim  dicta  de  hyacin'this,  (Ph.  P.)  A  tonic  and 
slightly  astringent  confection,  composed,  accord- 
ing to  Baume,  of  terra  sigillata,  crabs'  stones, 
cinnamon,  leaves  of  the  dittany  of  Crete,  myrrh, 
saffron,  syrup  of  lemon,  campihor,  Narbonne  honey, 
oil  of  lemon,  &c. :  and  formerly  the  hyacinth  was 
added,  whence  its  name. 

Confectio  O'pii,  C.  opia'ta,  Electua'rium  Opia'- 
tum  seu  O'pii,  Philo'nium  Londinen'se  seu  Rotna'- 
nmn,  Theriaca  Edinen'sis,  Electua'rium  Theba'- 
icum,  Opium  Confection,  ( Opium,  in  powder, 
.^ivss;  Pulv.  aromat.  ^vj;  Mel  despumat,  §xiv; 


mix  thoroughly.  One  grain  of  opium  in  36:  — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  narcotic  and  stimulant.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  9j. 

Confectio  Paulina,  Confectio  Archigeni  —  c. 
ex  Capitibus  papaveris,  Diacodium. 

Confectio  Pip'eris,  C.  Piperis  nigri,  Electua'- 
rium Piperis,  Ward's  Paste  for  Fis'tula.  (Black 
pepj)er,  elecampane  root,  each  ft)j  ;  fennel  seed, 
Ibiij ;  honey  and  sugar,  each  Ibij,  (Ph.  U.  8.) 
Dose,  size  of  a  nutmeg,  three  or  four  times  a 
day. 

Confectio  Raleighana,  Confectio  aromatica. 

Confectio  Ros^,  C.  Roscb  Gal'licce  seu  Rosce 
rubrcB,  Conser'va  Roscb  seu  Roscb  GoI'Hccb  seu 
Flortim  Rosa'rum  Rubra'rum  seu  Florum  Rosa 
BubrcB,  Rhodosac'charnm,  Sac'charum  Rosa'ce- 
um.  Confection  of  the  Red  Rose.  (Red  roses,  in 
powder,  ^iv;  i^K^a;',  in  powder,  ^xxx  ;  Clarified 
honey,  ^vj  ;  Rose  ivater,  f^^viij.  Rub  the  roses 
with  the  rose  water  at  a  boiling  heat;  then  add 
gradually  the  sugar  and  honey,  and  beat  until 
thoroughly  mixed. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  astringent, 
and  chiefly  used  as  a  vehicle  for  other  remedies. 

Confectio  Ros^e  Cani'n^,  Conser'va  Rosce 
Cani'ncB  seu  Rosce  Fructus  seu  Cynos'bati  seu 
Cynor'rhodi,  Rob  Cynos'batos,  Confection  or  Con- 
serve of  Dog  Rose.  (Pulp  of  dog  rose,  Ibj  ;  sugar, 
^xx.  Incorporate.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  chiefly  used 
as  a  vehicle  for  other  remedies. 

Confectio  RuTjE,  Confection  of  Rue.  (Rue 
leaves,  dried,  carraway  seeds,  bay  berries,  of  each 
^iss;  sagapenum,  ^iv  ;  black  pepper, '^\y,  honey, 
gxvj.  Mix. — Ph.  L.)  It  is  given  in  clysters,  as 
an  antispasmodic  and  carminative. 

Confectio  de  San'talis,  Confection  of  the 
Sanders,  (F.)  Confection  de  Sandaux.  (Sandal 
■wood,  red  coral,  bole  armeniac,  terra  sigillata, 
kermes  berries,  tormentil  root,  dittany,  saffron, 
myrtle,  red  roses,  calcined  hartshorn,  and  cloves.) 
It  was  formerly  used  as  an  astringent. 

Confectio  Scammo'nii,  Electua'rium  Scammo'- 
nii  seu  e  Scammo'nio,  Caryocost'inum,  Confection 
of  Scam'mony.  (Powdered  scammony,  3^^^> 
bruised  cloves,  poiodered  ginger,  aa  J^'j  !  "'^  "f 
carraway,  ^is;  syrup  of  roses,  q.  s. — Ph.  L.)  A 
stimulating  cathartic.     Dose,  gss  to  ^j- 

Confectio  Senn^,  Electua'rium  Cassia  Sennce, 
E.  Sennce  cum  Pulpis  seu  Sennce  compos'itum  seu 
ape'riens  seu  cathol'icnm  commu'ne  seu  diapru'- 
num  seu  eccoprot'icum  seu  Sennce  seu  e  Senna  seu 
leniti'vum,  Benedic'tum  Laxati'vum,  Confection 
of  Senna,  Len'itive  Elec'tuary.&Q..  (Senna  leaves, 
^  viij  ;  figs,  Ibj  ;  tamarind  pulp,  cassia  pulp,  pulp 
of  French  prunes,  each  Ibss  ;  coriander  seed,  ^iv ; 
liquorice  root,  ,^iij ;  sugar,  tbiiss ;  water,  Oiv. 
Rub  the  senna  and  coriander  together :  'separate 
10  ounces  of  the  powder  with  a  sieve ;  boil  the 
residue  with  the  figs  and  liquorice  root  in  the 
water  to  one-half;  press  out  the  liquor  and  strain. 
Evaporate  the  liquor  by  means  of  a  water  bath 
to  a  pint  and  a  half;  add  the  sugar,  and  form  a 
syrup.  Rub  the  pulps  with  the  syrup,  gradually 
added;  throw  in  the  sifted  powder,  and  beat  till 
thoroughly  mixed. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  a  laxative, 
and  is  used  in  habitual  constipation,  and  in  con- 
stipation during  pregnancy.     Dose,  ^ss  to  ,^ss. 

Confectio  Sdlph'uris,  Confection  of  Sulphur. 
(Sulphur,  snblim.  ^ij  ;  Potass.  Bitart.  ^j  ;  Mel. 
despumat.  ^^j  ;  Syrup.  Zingib.  Syrup  Croci,  aa 
f^ss.  M. — Ph.  D.)  As  a  laxative  and  altera- 
tive.    Dose,  5J  to  ^ij. 

Confectio  TEREBiNTH'iNiE,  Confec'tion  of  Tur'- 
pentine.  (01.  Tereb.  f3J  ;  Pulv.  Glyeyrrhiz.  ^'y, 
Mel.  despumat.  ^ij.  —  Ph.  D.)  An  agreeable 
mode  of  administering  turpentine.  Dose,  a  scru- 
ple to  a  drachm. 

Confectio  de  Thure,  Frank'incense  Confec- 
tion, (F.)  Confection  d'Encens.  A  compound  of 
coriander  seeds,  nutmeg,  thus,  liquorice,  mastich, 


CONFECTION 


232 


CONGLOBATE 


culehs,  prepared  hartshorn,  conserve  of  red  roses, 
sugar,  &c. 

CONFECTION,  Confectio — c.  d'Amandes,  Con- 
fection, almond — c.  of  Catechu,  compound,  Con- 
fectio catechu  compositum — c.  d'Encens,  Confectio 
de  Thure — c.  Frankincense,  Confectio  de  Thure 
c.  of  the  Orange,  Confectio  aurantiorum  —  c.  of 
the  Red  rose,  Confectio  rosse  Gallicse — c.  of  Rue, 
Confectio  rutas — c.  de  Sandaux,  Confectio  de  san- 
talis — c.  of  the  Sanders,  Confectio  de  santalis — c. 
of  Sulphur,  Confectio  sulphuris  ■'^  c.  of  Turpen- 
tine, Confectio  terebinthinse. 
CONFECTUM,  Confection. 
CONFERVA  HELMINTHOCORTOS,  Coral- 
Una  Corsicana. 

Confer'ta  Rita'lis.  This  species  of  Biver 
Weed  has  been  recommended  in  cases  of  spas- 
modic asthma,  phthisis,  &c. 

CONFINEMENT,  Parturient  state. 
CONFIRMANTIA,  Tonics. 
CONFIRMED,  Consummatus. 
CONFIT,  Confectio. 
CONFITURE,  Confectio. 

CON'FLUENT,  Con'fluens,  from  con,  and  flu- 
ere,  'to  flow,'  'Running  together.'  An  epithet 
for  certain  exanthematous  affections,  in  which  the 
pimples,  pustules,  &c.,  run  together.  It  is  par- 
ticularly applied  to  small-pox,  so  circumstanced. 
Some  authors  have  called  scarlatina  or  scarlet 
fever  Confluent  Bleasles,  llorbil'li  Confluen'tes. 

CONFLUENT  BES  SINUS,  Torcular  Hero- 
phili. 

CONFLUEN'TIA,  Confoedera'tio ;  same  ety- 
mon as  Confluent.  A  term,  employed  by  Para- 
celsus to  express  the  concordance  between  a  dis- 
ease and  its  remedies. 

CONFLUXIO,  Sympathy. 
CONFCEDERATIO,  Confluentia. 
CONFORMATIO,  Conformation,  Structure. 
CONFORMA'TION,  Conforma'tio,  Diap'lasis, 
Diaplas'mus,    Structure,   from   conformare,    [con, 
and  formare,  fonnatum,  'to  form,')  'to  arrange,' 
'dispose.'     The  natural  disposition  or  arrange- 
ment of  the  body. 

Faulty  conformation,  (P.)  Vice  de  conformation, 
is  vice  of  original  formation  ,•  existing,  of  course, 
from  birth.     In  French  surgery.  Conformation  is 
used  synonymously  with  Coaptation,  and  both  it, 
Diaplasis  and  Anaplasis  mean,  also,  restoration 
to  the  original  form — as  in  fractures,  &c. 
CONFORTANTIA,  Tonics. 
CONFORTATIVA,  Tonics. 
CONFORTER  (F.),  Confirma're,  Conforta're, 
Gorrohora're,    {con,    and    fortis,    'strong.')      To 
make  stronger  —  to  give  energy.      Conforter  I'es- 
lomac,  'to  strengthen  the  stomach.' 

CONFRICA'TION,  Confrica'tio,  from  confri- 
care,  (con,  a.nd  fricare,  fricatum,)  'to  rub.'  The 
action  of  reducing  a  friable  substance  to  powder, 
by  rubbing  it  between  the  fingers ;  and  of  ex- 
pressing the  juice  of  a  plant  with  the  hand. 

CONFRICA'TRIX,  from  con,  'with,'  and  fri- 
care, fricatum,  'to  rub.'  A  female  who  practises 
masturbation. 

CONFU'S^  FEBRES.  Intermittents,  whose 
paroxysms  are  irregular  and  confused. — Bellini. 

CONFU'SIO,  from  confundo,  [con  and  fundere, 
fusum,  'to  pour,')  'I  mix  together;'  Syn'chisis. 
A  disease  of  the  eye,  which  consists  in  the  mix- 
ture of  the  humours. — Galen.  In  modern  times, 
Synchysis  has  been  applied  to  a  morbid  state  of 
the  vitreous  body,  in  which  it  is  reduced  to  a 
diflSuent  condition.  Occasionally,  sparkling  bo- 
dies are  perceptible,  which  seem  to  be  seated  be- 
hind the  crystalline,  in  the  vitreous  humour: 
hence,  the  disease  has  been  called  KjnirMing  syn- 
chysis or  spiinthero'pia,  from  awivdrip,  'a  spark,' 
and  w^',  'the  eye;'  (F.)  Spintheropie,  Scintille- 


ment  de  I'oeil.     Confusio  has,  also,  been  used  sy- 
nonymously with  Gomplexio. 

CONFUSIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

CONGEE  DISCHARGES,  Rice-water  dis- 
charges. 

CONGELANTIA,  Congelativa. 
CONGELATIO,  Catalepsy. 
CONGELA'TION,  Congela'tio,  Conglacia'tio, 
Gela'tio,  from  congelo,  {con,  and  gelare,  gelatuni,) 
'I  congeal,'  'I  freeze.'  The  action  of  congealing, 
of  passing  to  the  solid  state  by  the  abstraction  of 
heat;  as  congelation  of  water,  mercury,  &c.  The 
term  had  once  other  acceptations.  1.  It  was  sy- 
nonymous with  concretion.  2.  With  coagulation, 
in  which  sense  it  is  still  occasionally  employed. 
3.  The  ancients  called  all  diseases,  produced  by 
cold,  congelations,  as  well  as  those  in  which  thero 
was  a  kind  of  stupor  or  torpor — particularly  cata- 
lepsy.    Also,  Frostbite,  (Prov.)  Keenhite. 

Congelation  of  a  part,  by  the  application  of 
powdered  ice  or  of  a  freezing  mixture,  in  a  blad- 
der or  gauze  bag,  has  been  employed  to  induce 
anaesthesia  in  the  lesser  surgical  operations.  It 
has  also  been  used  in  external  inflammation. 

CONGELATI'VA  MEDICAMEN'TA,  Gon- 
glutinan'tia,  Congelan'tia.  Medicines,  considered 
capable  of  uniting  or  consolidating  wounds,  &c. 

CON'GENER,  Congenerous,  from  con,  and 
genus,  generis,  'kind.'  (F.)  Congenere.  Of  the 
same  kind  or  species.  Resembling  each  other  in 
some  manner.  When  applied  to  muscles,  it 
means,  that  they  concur  in  the  same  action ;  in 
opposition  to  the  word  antagonist,  or  that  which 
acts  in  an  opposite  direction. 

In  France  Gongeneres  is  applied  to  those  who 
join  in  the  dissection  of  the  same  subject. 
CONGENIAL,  Congenital. 
CONGENIALIS,  Congenital. 
CONGENITA  NOT^,  Nsevus. 
CONGEN'ITAL,  Con'genite,  Gongema'lis,  Con- 
gen'itus,  Syngen'icns,  from  con,  and  genitus,  '  be- 
gotten.'    (F.)  Congenial  ou  Congenital.    Diseases 
which  infants  have  at  birth:   hence.  Congenital 
affections  are  those  that  depend  on  faulty  confor- 
mation ;  as  congenital  hernia,  congenital  cataract, 
&o.     See  Connate. 

CONGESTED,  Hypersemic. 
CONGESTIO,     Congestion  —  c.    Abdominalis, 
Coelisemia  —  c.  Pectoris,  Stethsemia  —  c.  Pulmo- 
num,  Stethsemia — c.  Sanguinis,  Congestion. 

CONGES'TION,  Gonges'tio,  Rhope,  from  con- 
gerere,  {con,  and  gerere,  gestum,  'to  carry,')  'to 
amass,'  'accumulate,'  &c.  Symph'ora,  Hmmate- 
pago'ge,  Hmmatosymphore' sis,  McBmatosynago'ge, 
HcBinorme'sis,  Symphore'ma,  Symphore'sis,  Syna- 
throis'mus,  Synathroe' sis,  San'guinis  Gonges'tio, 
Engorgement.  Accumulation  of  blood — hypercB- 
mia — in  an  organ.  It  is  an  important  symptom 
in  febrile  and  other  disorders.  It  may  arise  either 
from  an  extraordinary  flow  of  blood  by  the  arte- 
ries, or  from  a  diflSculty  in  the  return  of  blood  to 
the  heart  by  the  veins.  More  often,  perhaps,  it 
is  owing  to  the  latter  cause,  and  is  termed  venous 
congestion,  stasis  or  stagnation  —  being  not  unu- 
sually attended  with  symptoms  of  oppression  and 
collapse.     See  Hypersemia. 

Congestion  op  the  Abdomen,  Coelisemia  —  c. 
of  the  Brain,  Stethasmia — c.  Girehrale,  Cephalo- 
haemia — e.  dii  Gerveaii,  Cephalohsemia — c.  of  the 
Lungs,  Stethsemia  —  c.  des  Poumons,  Stethtemia 
— c.  Sanguine  rachidiemie,  Hypermyelohasmia. 

CONGEST'IVE,  Congesti'vus,  (F.)  Congestif. 
Belonging  or  relating  to,  or  affected  with,  con- 
gestion— as  'congestive  fever.' 

Congestive  Fever,  see  Fever,  congestive. 
CONGLACIATIO,  Congelation. 
CONGLO'BATE,  Congloba'tus,  from  conglobare, 


CONGLOBE 


233 


CONOID 


{con,  and  globus,  'a  ball,')  'to  collect,'  'to  gather 
into  a  ball.'     (F.)  Conglobe. 

Conglobate  Gland,  Glan'dula  congloha'ta, 
Hydraden,  Globate  gland,  Lymphat'ic  gan'glion, 
(F.)  Glande  Conglobee,  Ganglion  lymphatique. 
A  round  body,  formed  of  lymphatic  vessels,  con- 
nected together  by  cellular  structure,  but  having 
neither  a  cavity  nor  excretory  duct.  The  me- 
senteric, inguinal  and  axillary  glands  are  of  this 
class. 

CONGLOBE,  Conglobate. 

CO^iTGLOM'ERATE,  Conglomera'tus,  from  con, 
and  glomerare,  glomerafum,  'to  gather  in  a  heap.' 
Glom'erate,  Glomera'tus,  (F.)  Conglomere.  Heaped 
together. 

Coxglom'erate  Glands,  Glan'dulm  conglome- 
ra'ta  seu  vasculo'sce,  are  those  whose  lobules  are 
united  under  the  same  membrane ;  as  the  liver, 
kidney,  testicle,  &c. 

CONGLOMERATIO  I^SfTESTINOEUM,  Epi- 
ploce  intestinalis. 

CONGLUTINANTIA,  Congelativa. 

CONGEES  (F.),  Congress,  Congres'sua,  from 
congredi,  congressus,  {con,  and  gradi,  'to  go,')  'to 
go  together.'  This  term,  which  has  often  been 
used  synonymously  with  Coition,  means,  also,  the 
ocular  proof,  formerly  ordered  by  judicial  au- 
thority, in  the  presence  of  surgeons  and  matrons, 
to  test  the  impotence  or  capabilities  of  parties  ; — 
a  most  unsatisfactory  and  indecent  exhibition. 
It  was  forbidden  by  the  Parliament  of  Paris  in 
the  year  1667. 

CONGRESSUS,  Coition. 

CONI  VASCULO'Sr,  Cor'pora  pyramida'lia 
testis.  Conical  bundles,  formed  by  the  vasa  effe- 
rentia  of  the  testis;  having  their  base  towards 
the  epididymis,  into  the  tube  of  which  the}'  enter. 

CONIA,  Kovia.  A  wine,  prepared  by  ferment- 
ing the  must  of  the  grape  on  tar  previously  washed 
in  sea-water.  —  Orfila.  See,  also,  Conium,  and 
Lixivium. 

CONIASIS,  Incrustation. 

CONICINE,  see  Conium. 

CONII  FOLIA,  see  Conium  —  c.  Semen,  see 
Conium. 

CONFINE,  see  Conium. 

CONINE,  see  Conium. 

CONIOSTOSIS,  Pulverization. 

CONIS,  Pulvis. 

CONISTERIUM,  Apodyterium. 

CONI'UM,  C.  macula' turn,  Ahi'otes,  Corian'- 
drum  macula'tum,  Cicuta  major  seu  macula'ta  seu 
Stoerkii  seu  terres'tris  seu  major  fee' ti  da  seu  vul- 
ga'ris.  Common  or  Poison  Semloclc,  Hemlock, 
Poison  parsley,  Spotted  parsley,  (Sc.)  Humloik, 
(F.)  Cigue  ordinaire,  C.  grande  ou  officinale. 
Ord.  Umbelliferee.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digy- 
nia.  The  leaves,  Coni'i  Folia,  and  seeds,  Coni'i 
Semen,  are  narcotic  and  poisonous  in  an  over- 
dose. Light  destroys  the  virtues  of  the  leaves: 
and,  therefore,  the  powder  should  be  kept  in 
opaque  bottles,  well  corked.  It  has  been  used  as 
a  palliative  in  cancer  and  other  painful  affections  ; 
but  is  not  equal  to  opium.  Externally,  it  has 
been  applied  in  fomentation  to  cancerous  and 
scrofulous  ulcers.     Dose,  gr.  ij  to  x. 

Its  active  principle  is  Coni'a,  Conine,  Coniine, 
Coneine,  Conieine,  Cicutine.  It,  or  its  salts,  have 
been  given  as  sedatives  to  the  nervous  centres 
in  various  neuralgic  and  spasmodic  diseases.  Ifc 
is  a  most  energetic  poison. 

Da'vidson's  Remedy  for  Cancer  is  said  to  con- 
sist of  powdered  hemlock  and  arsenious  acid. 

Conium  Moscha'tum,  Aracacha.  A  very  agree- 
able and  nutritive  kind  of  tuberous  vegetable,  in 
flavour  not  unlike  celery,  which  grows  on  the 
coast  of  Peru,  but  is  mor«  abundant  on  the  pro- 
jecting ridges  of  the  Cordilleras,  and  on  the  east- 


ern declivity  of  the  Andes.  It  is  cooked  by  being 
either  simply  boiled  in  water,  or  made  into  a  kind 
of  soup. — Tsehudi. 

CONJONCTIVE,  Conjunctiva. 

CONJONCTIVITE,  see  Ophthalmia— c.  Blen- 
norrhagique,  see  Ophthalmia. 

CONJUGAISON,  Conjugation. 

CONJUGA'TION,  Conjuga'tio,  from  conjugare, 
conjugalum,  {con,  and  jngum,  'a  yoke,')  'to  yoke 
together.'  (F.)  Conjugaiaon.  Assemblage,  union, 
—  Co  nju'g  itim, 

Conjugatio'nis  Foram'ina,  (F.)  Trous  de  eon- 
jxigaison.  The  apertures  at  the  sides  of  the  spine, 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  notches  of  the  verte- 
braa.  They  give  passage  to  the  nerves  of  the 
spinal  marrow,  and  to  the  vessels  which  enter  or 
issue  from  the  vertebral  canal. 

CONJUGIUM,  Coition,  Conjugation. 

CONJUNC'TI  (MORBI),fromco)y(i»^ere,  {con, 
and  jungere,  junctum,)  'to  join  together.'  Dis- 
eases joined  together.  Authors  have  distin- 
guished two  kinds  of  these :  one,  in  which  the 
diseases  go  on  simultaneously  —  morbi  connex'i ; 
the  other,  in  which  they  succeed  each  other  — 
morbi  consequen'tea. 

CON.JUNCTIO,  Articulation. 

CONJUNCTIVA,  CUTICULAR,  Xerophthal- 
mia— c.  Granular,  Trachoma. 

Conjuncti'ta  Me3IBRA'na,  Circumcaula'lis, 
Epipeph! ycos,  Tu'nica  agna'ta  seu  adna'ta  seu 
conjuncti'va,  Tunda  oc'idi,  (F.)  Conjonctive,  3Iem- 
brane  adnee.  A  mucous  membrane,  so  called 
because  it  unites  the  globe  of  the  eye  with  the 
eyelids.  It  covers  the  anterior  surface  of  the  eye, 
the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids,  and  the  canmcida 
lacrymalis.  It  possesses  great  general  sensibi- 
lity, communicated  to  it  by  the  fifth  pair. 

CONJUNCTIVITIS,  Ophthalmia  — c.  ^gyp- 
tiaca.  Ophthalmia,  purulent  —  c.  Blennorrhagica, 
see  Ophthalmia  —  c.  Catarrhalis,  Ophthalmia, 
catarrhal  —  c.  Gonorrhoica,  see  Ophthalmia  —  c. 
Puro-mucosa  catarrhalis,  Ophthalmia,  catarrhal 
— e.  Puro-mucosa  contagiosa  seu  jEgyptiaca,  Oph- 
thalmia, purulent. 

CONJUNGENS,  Communicans. 

CONNxlTE,  Conna'tus,  (F.)  Conne,  from  con, 
and  natus,  'born  with.' 

Connate  Diseases,  (F.)  ilaladies  connees, 
Morbi  conna'ti,  are  such  as  an  individual  is  born 
with : — connate  having  the  same  signification  as 
congenital.  A  difference  has  been  made  by  some, 
however;  those  diseases  or  conditions  which  are 
dependent  upon  original  conformation,  being 
called  congenital;  —  whilst  the  diseases  or  affec- 
tions that  may  have  supervened  during  gestation 
or  delivery,  are  termed  connate. 

CONNE,  Connate. 

CONNECT'ICUT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
There  is  a  mineral  spring  at  Stafford,  in  this  State, 
twenty-four  miles  from  Hartford,  which  has  ob- 
tained more  celebrity  than  any  one  in  New  Eng- 
land. Its  principal  ingredients  are  iron  and  car- 
bonic acid.  It,  consequently,  belongs  to  the 
class  of  acidulous  chalybeates.  There  are  other 
springs  in  the  State,  of  which,  however,  little  that 
is  accurate  is  known. 

CONNECTIVE  TISSUE,  Cellular  tissue. 

CONNERVATIO,  Syndesmosis. 

CONNEXIO  OSSIUM  CARNOSA,  Syssarco- 
sis — c.  Cartilaginea,  Synchondrosis — c.  Ligamen- 
tosa.  Syndesmosis. 

CONNUTRI'TUS,  Syn'trophos,  from  con, 
'with,'  and  nutrior,  nutritum, 'to  be  nourished.' 
A  disease  is  so  called  which  has  grown  up,  as  it 
were,  with  an  individual,  or  has  been  connate 
with  him. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

CONOID,  Conoi'deus,  Cono'i'des,  from  /fuvoj,  'a 
cone,'  and  £i(5of,  'shape.'  (F.)  Conoide.  Resem- 
bling a  cone. 


CONOIDAL  SUBSTANCE 


234 


CONSONANT 


Conoid  Lig'ament,  Lignmen'tum  cono'i'des.  A 
ligament,  passing  from  the  coracoid  process  to  the 
scapula,  and  forming  part  of  the  coraco-clavicular 
ligament  of  some  anatomists. 

CONOIDAL  SUBSTANCE  OF  THE  KID- 
NEY, see  Kidney. 

C0N0IDB3  CORPUS,  Pineal  gland. 

CONOPHTHALMIA,  Staphyloma  eornese. 

CONQUASSANT,  (F.)  Conquas' sans, horn  con, 
'with,'  '  together,'  and  quassare,  'to  shake.'  Dou- 
leurs  conquaHsantes  are  the  pains  of  parturition, 
at  the  time  of  their  greatest  intensity,  when  the 
head  is  engaged  in  the  pelvis. 

CONQUASSA'TION,  Conquassa'Ho,  Quassa'- 
tio,  Quassatu'ra.  Same  etymon.  A  pharmaceu- 
tical operation,  which  consists  in  dividing,  with 
a  pestle,  fresh  vegetables,  fruits,  &c.  See  Con- 
frieation. 

CONQUASSATIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of 
the  mind. 

GO N QUE,  Concha. 

CON'SCIOUSNESS,  DOUBLE.  A  somnam- 
bulistic condition,  in  which  the  individual  leads, 
as  it  were,  two  lives,  recollecting  in  each  condi- 
tion what  occurred  in  previous  conditions  of  the 
same  character,  but  knowing  nothing  of  the 
occurrences  of  the  other.  See  Duality  of  the 
Mind. 

CONSECUTIVE,  Consecuti'vus,  from  con, 
•with,'  and  sequor,  secutus,  'to  follow.' 

CONSECDTIVB    PhENOm'eNA  OR    SYMPTOMS,   (F.) 

Pkenomenes  ou  accidens  consecutifs,  are  such  as 
appear  after  the  cessation  of  a  disease,  or,  accord- 
ing to  others,  during  its  decline;  but  without 
having  any  direct  connexion  with  it. 

CONSENSUAL,  see  Instinctive. 

CONSENSUS,  Consent  of  parts,  Sympathy. 

Consen'sus  Ocdlo'rum.  The  intimate  asso- 
ciation between  the  two  eyes,  as  exemplified  in 
their  consentaneous  action  in  health,  and  often  in 
disease. 

CONSENT  OF  PARTS,  Oonsen'sus,  Consen'- 
sus par'tiam,  Sjjnipathi'a,  from  con,  and  sentire, 
sensum,  'to  feel;'  (F.)  Consentement  des  Parties. 
That  relation  of  different  parts  of  the  body  with 
each  other  which  is  more  commonly  denominated 
sympathy. 

00NSENTE3IENT  DES  PARTIES,  Con- 
sent of  parts. 

CONSERVA'TION,  Conserva'tio,  Phylax'is, 
from  conservare,  {eon,  and  servare,  servatutn.)  'to 
preserve  ;'  (F.)  Conservation,  Asservation.  The 
art  of  preserving  any  object  of  pharmacy,  any 
remedial  agent,  &c.,  from  decay. 

CONSER'VA,  Conserve,  (F.)  Conserve,  Elec- 
tuaire  simple,  Saccharole  man.  Same  etymon. 
A  pharmaceutical  preparation,  composed  of  a 
vegetable  substance  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
sugar  beaten  into  a  uniform  mass.  See  Confec- 
tion. 

CoxSERVA  Absin'thii,  C.  ahsin'fhii  marit'imi, 
Conserve  of  Wornnoood.  {Leaves  tt)j,  sugar  Ibiij.) 
It  has  been  employed  as  a  tonic,  stomachic,  and 
vermifuge. 

CoNSEEVA  Amygdalardm,  Confectio  amygda- 
larum. 

CoNSERVAANGEL'lC^,(Ph.P.)Consertiec^'^wgr^- 
lique,  C.  of  Angel'ica.  [Ptdp  of  root  250  parts  ; 
white  sugar,  boiled  in  a  decoction  of  the  root, 
and  reduced  to  the  consistence  of  a  solid  electu- 
ary, 1000  parts.)  It  is  tonic,  aromatic,  and  sto- 
machic. 

CONSBRTA    DE   A'PIO    GrAVEOLEN'tE    (Ph.  P.), 

Conserve  d' Ache,  Conserve  of  Smallage.  Prepared 
like  the  preceding.  Reputed  to  have  the  same 
properties. 

CoNSERVA  Ari,  Conserve  of  Arum.  {Fresh 
root  Ibss,  sugar  Ibiss.)  Esteemed  to  be  diuretic 
and  stimulant. 


CoNSERVA  AuRANTii,  Confectio  aurantiorum — 
c.  Cassiae,  Confectio  cassiae — c.  Citri  aurantii, 
Confectio  aurantiorum. 

CoNSERVA  Cochlea'ei^  Horten'sis,  Conserve 
of  Lemon  Scurvy  Grass.  {Leaves  Ibj,  sugar  R)iij.) 
Reputed  to  be  stimulant  and  antiscorbutic. 

CONSERTA       CORTICIS       EXTERIORIS      AORANTII 

HisPALENSis,  Confectio  aurantiorum  —  c.  Corti- 
eum  aurantiorum,  Confectio  aurantiorum  —  c. 
riorum  rosarum  rubrarum,  Confectio  rosse  Gal- 
licse  —  c.  Cynosbati,  Confectio  rosse  caninae  —  c. 
Cynorrhodi,  Confectio  rosea  caninse — c.  Flavedi- 
nis  corticis  aurantiorum  Hispalensium,  Confectio 
aurantiorum. 

CoNSERVA  Lr'jUL^,  C.  Folio'rum  lu'Jnla,  Con- 
serve of  Woodsorrel.  {Leaves  tbj,  sugar  Ibiij.) 
Gratefully  acid  and  refrigerant. 

CoNSERVA  MENTHiE,  C.  tIenthcB  folio'rum,  C. 
IlenthcB  sati'vcB,  Conserve  of  Mint.  {Leaves  R)j, 
sugar  ibiij.)    Stomachic  in  nausea  and  vomiting. 

CoNSERVA  Pedni;  Sylves'tris,  C.  Pruna>  syl 
vestris,  Pulpa  prxino'rnm  sylves'trium  condi'ta, 
Conserve  of  Sloes,  {Pulp  1  part,  sugar  3  parts,) 
Possessed  of  astringent  properties. 

CoNSERVA  RoSjE.  Confectio  rosse  Gallicse — c. 
Rosse  caninfB,  Confectio  rosse  caninse — •  c.  Rosse 
fructiis,  Confectio  rosse  caninse  —  c.  Rosse  Galli- 
cse,  Confectio  rosse  Gallicse. 

CoNSERVA  Scii.LjE,  Conserve  of  Squill.  {Fresh 
squills  ^j,  sugar  ,^x.)  Possesses  the  diuretic  and 
other  virtues  of  the  squill. 

CONSERVE,  Conserva,  see  Confectio  — e. 
d'Ache,  Conserva  de  apio  .graveolente  —  c.  of 
Aloes,  Conserva  pruni  sylvestris  —  c.  of  Lemon 
scurvy  grass,  Conserva  cochlearise  hortensis  —  e. 
of  Mint,  Conserva  menthse  —  c.  of  Orange,  Con- 
fectio aurantiorum — c.  of  Roses  (red),  Confectio 
rosse  gallicse  —  c.  of  Smallage,  Conserva  de  apio 
graveolente  —  c.  of  Woodsorrel,  Conserva  lujulse 
— c.  of  Wormwood,  Conserva  absinthii. 

CONSER  VES,  Spectacles. 

CONSIDEN'TIA,  from  considere,  {eon  and 
sedo)  'to  settle.'  This  word  has  two  accepta- 
tions. 1.  It  is  synonymous  with  Apoeatastasis,  and 
means  restoration  or  cessation,  and  the  subsiding 
of  a.  humour,  as  thearine;  and  2.  It  signifies  con- 
traction of  any  cavity  or  canal: — See  Synezisis. 

CONSISTE'N'TIA,  Consistere,  {con  and  sistere) 
'  to  stand  still.'  A  term  employed  in  two  senses. 
1.  When  joined  to  the  word  3forbi  or  yEtatis,  it 
expresses  the  acme  of  a  disease,  or  the  age  at 
which  the  constitution  has  acquired  its  full 
strength.  2.  By  Consisten'tia  humo'ris  is  meant 
the  density  of  a  humour. 

CONSOLIDA  MAJOR,  Symphytum  — c.  Me- 
dia, Ajuga,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum  —  c. 
Minor,  Prunella — c.  Regalis,  Delphinium  conso- 
lida  —  c.  Rubra,  Tormentil — c.  Saracenioa,  Soli- 
dago  virgaurea. 

CONSOLIDAN'TIA,  Consolidati'va  Medica- 
meii'ta,  from  con,  and  solidus,  solid.  Substances, 
formerly  given  for  the  purpose  of  consolidating 
wounds,  or  strengthening  cicatrices. 

CONSOLIDATIVA,  Consolidantia. 

CONSOMME  (F.),  Consumma'tum,  from  con- 
summo,  {con  and  summa)  '  I  add  together,'  Zomos. 
Soup  strongly  charged  with  gelatin,  and  conse- 
quently very  nutritious,  although  not  proportion- 
ably  easy  of  digestion. 

CONSOMPTION,  Consumption 

CONSONANCE,  see  Sound. 

CON'SONANT,  Con'sonans,  from  consono,  'to 
sound  together,'  {con,  '  with,'  and  sono, '  to  sound,') 
because  it  is  generally  believed  that  a  consonant 
cannot  bo  properly  expressed,  except  when  con- 
joined with  a  vowel.  Physiologicallj^,  a  breath, 
or  sound  produced  in  the  larynx,  which  suffers 
more  or  less  interruption  in  its  passage  through 
the  vocal  tube. 


CONSORTIUM 


235 


CONSULTATION 


CONSORTIUM,  Sympathy. 

CON  SO  UDE,  GRANDE,  Symphytum. 

CONSOUND,  MIDDLE,  Ajuga, 

CONSPERSIO,  Catapasma. 

CONSPICILLA,  Spectacles. 

CONSPIRATIO,  Sympathy. 

CONSTELLA'TUM  UNGUEN'TUM.  An 
ointment  composed  of  cleansed  earthworms ! 
dried  and  pulverized ;  and  of  the  fat  of  the  bear 
or  wild  boar.  It  was  formerly  employed  in  tooth- 
ach,  and  to  hasten  the  cicatrization  of  wounds. 

CONSTERNATIO,  Stupor. 

CON'STIPATED,  Constipa'tua,  (Prov.)  3Iaw- 
bonnd,  (F.)  Oonstipe  ;  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Affected  with  constipation  ;  Costive ;  Bound,  Bel- 
lyhound. 

CONSTIPATIO,  Constipation,  Stegnosis. 

CONSTIPA'TION,  Constipa'tio,  from  consti- 
pnre,  {con  and  stipare,  stipatum,)  'to  cram  close.' 
Obsti'pa'tio,  Adslric'tio,  Arcta'tio,  Obstipa'tio  seu 
Reten'tio  alvi'na,  Jschocoi'lia,  Alvus  astric'ta  seu 
adstn'e'ta  seu  tarda  seu  dura  seu  segnis,  Ob- 
strue'tio  seu  Snppres'sio  alvi,  0.  Ductus  alinien- 
ta'rii,  0.  intestina'lis.  Torpor  intestino'rum,  Styp- 
sis,  Oonstipa'tio  alvi,  Copros'tasis,  Acop'ria, 
Acopro'sis,  Coproepis' chesis,  Jschocop'rta,  Dyscoi'- 
lia,  (F.)  Echauffement,  Ventre  resiserre,  Cost'ive- 
ness.  Faecal  Reten'tion,  Alvuie  obstruction.  A 
state  of  the  bowels,  in  which  the  evacuations  do 
not  take  place  as  frequently  as  usual;  or  are  in- 
ordinately hard,  and  expelled  with  difficulty.  It 
may  be  owing  either  to  diminished  action  of  the 
muscular  coat  of  the  intestines,  or  to  diminished 
secretion  from  the  mucous  membrane,  or  to  both. 
Cathartics  will  usually  remove  it;  after  which 
its  exciting  and  predisponent  causes  must  be 
inquired  into  and  obviated,  to  render  the  cure 
permanent. 

CONSTIPATUS,  Constipated. 

CONSTIP^,  Constipated. 

CONSTITUENS,  Vehicle,  see  Prescription. 

CONSTITUTIO,  Constitution,  Habit  of  body 
—  c.  Aeris,  Constitution  of  the  atmosphere  —  c. 
Epideuiica,  Constitution,  epidemic  —  c.  Nervosa, 
Nervous  diathesis. 

CONSTITU'TION,  Constitu'tio,  Catae'tasis, 
Status,  from  con,  and  statuere,  from  stare,  '  to 
stand.'  A  collection  of  several  parts,  forming  a 
whole.  In  medicine.  Constitution  means  the  state 
of  all  the  organs  of  the  human  body  considered 
in  regard  to  their  special  and  relative  arrange- 
ment, order,  or  activity.  A  good  constitution  is 
one  in  which  every  organ  is  well  developed,  and 
endowed  with  due  energy,  so  that  all  perform 
their  functions  with  equal  facility.  Any  want  of 
equilibrium  in  their  development  and  energy 
forms  a  difference  in  the  constitution.  We  say 
that  a  man  is  of  a  good  or  robust,  a  delicate  or 
weak  constitution,  when  he  is  commonly  healthy, 
or  commonly  labouring  under,  or  unusually  sus- 
ceptible of,  disease. 

Constitution,  Arterial,  Plethora  arteriosa. 

Constitu'tion  of  the  Ai'mosphere,  Constitu'- 
tio A'eris,  (F.)  Constitution  AtmospMrique.  The 
condition  of  the  atmosphere,  as  regards  dryness 
and  humidity,  temperature,  heaviness,  direction 
of  the  winds,  &o.,  considered  as  respects  its  in- 
fluence on  the  animal  economy. 

Constitdtion',  Epidem'ic,  Constitu'tio  epidem'- 
ica,  Med'ieal  Constitution,  (F.)  Constitution,  me- 
dicale,  C.  epidemiquc.  The  aggregate  of  meteor- 
ological conditions,  so  far  as  they  are  appreciable, 
during  which  diseases  prevail  epidemically. 

CONSTITU'TIONAL,  (F.)  Constitutionnel. 
Belonging  to  the  constitution  of  an  individual; 
to  his  manner  of  being;  as  constitutional  phthisis, 
c.  gout,  &c.  By  some,  this  epithet  has  been 
given  to  diseases,  produced  by  the  constitution 


of  the  atmosphere;  but  this  acceptation  is  not 
common. 

CONSTRICTEUR  D'HERBINEAUX,  see 
Serre-noeud. 

CONSTRICTEUR  DE  LA  VUIVE,  Con- 
strictores  cunni — c.du  Vagin,  Constrictores  cunni. 

CONSTRICTIO,  Astriction,  Systole. 

CONSTRICTIVA,  Stvptics. 

CONSTRICTOR,  from  conatringere,  {con,  and 
stringere,  strictum,)  'to  bind.'  (F.)  Constricteur. 
That  which  binds  in  a  circular  direction.  A 
sphincter.     Different  muscles  are  so  called. 

Constrictor  Ani,  Sphincter  ani  externus  —  c. 
of  Nuck,  Compressor  of  Nuek. 

Constrictores  Alarum  Nasi,  Depressor  alaa 
nasi. 

Constricto'res  Cunni,  C.  Vagi'nm  seu  Y^dvm, 
Clitor'idis  inferio'res  lati  et  plani  nms'culi, 
Sphincter  Vagi'nce,  (F.)  Constricteurs  du  vagin, 
C.  de  la  Vulve.  Small  muscles  which  originate 
beneath  the  clitoris,  descend  along  the  sides  of 
the  vagina,  and  terminate  by  becoming  con- 
founded with  the  transversus  perincei  and  exter- 
nal sphincter  ani  muscles.  Their  use  is  to  con- 
tract the  entrance  of  the  vagina. 

Constrictores  Isthmi  Faucium,  Glossosta- 
phylinus. 

Constricto'res  Lartn'gis.  Lieutaud  describes, 
under  the  name  Grand  constricteur  du  Larynx, 
the  muscle  Crico-aryteno'ideus  latera'lis  with  the 
Thyro-aryteno'ideus. 

Constrictores  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

Constrictor  OjIsoph'agi,  Constrictor  of  tht 
(Esoph'agus,  (F.)  Constricteur  de  I' CEsnpjhage, 
Muscle  oesopihagien.  A  fasciculus  of  fleshy,  cir- 
cular fibres,  at  the  upper  part  of  the  ossophagus. 

Constrictores  Oris,  Orbicularis  oris— e.  Pal- 
pebrarum, Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

Constricto'res  Pharyn'gis,  Constrictors  of 
the  Pharyn-x,  Sphincter  GnlcB.  Muscular  expan- 
sions which  assist  in  forming  the  parietes  of  the 
pharynx.  Three  of  these  are  generally  admitted. 
1.  The  Constric'tor  Pharyn'gis  infe'rior,  Crico- 
pharyngeus  and  Thyro-pharyngeus,  (F.)  Crico- 
thyro-pharyngien.  It  is  broad,  very  thin,  quad- 
rilateral, seated  superficially,  extending  from  the 
thyroid  and  cricoid  cartilages  as  far  as  the  middle 
of  the  pharynx,  and  uniting,  on  the  median  line, 
with  that  of  the  opposite  side.  2.  The  Constrictor 
Pharyngis  Me'dius,  Hyo-pharyngeus  and  Chon~ 
dro-pharynge2is,  Synd,es' mo-pharyngeus,  (F.)  JJyo- 
glosso-basi-pha.ryngien,  occupies  the  middle  part 
of  the  pharynx.  It  is  triangular,  and  attached 
anteriorly  to  the  great  and  little  cornu  of  the  os 
hyoides;  to  the  stylohyoid  ligament;  and  termi- 
nates, posteriorly,  by  joining  its  fellow  of  the 
opposite  side.  3.  The  Constrictor  Pharyngis  sv- 
pe'rior,  Ceph'alo-pharyngeus,  Glosso-pharyngeus, 
3[ylo-pharyngeus,  Pter' ygo-pharyngeus,  (P.)  Pte- 
rygo-syndesmo-staphili-pharyngien,  is  quadrilate- 
ral, and  extends  from  the  internal  ala  of  the 
pterygoid  process,  from  the  inter-maxillary  liga- 
ment, from  the  internal  oblique  line  of  the  jaw, 
and  from  the  base  of  the  tongue  to  the  posterior 
part  of  the  pharynx. 

The  constrictors  of  the  pharynx  contract  it. 
They  can  likewise  approximate  the  ends  to  each 
other.  Chaussier  considers  those  and  the  stylo- 
pharyngeus  as  but  one  muscle,  and  includes  all 
under  this  last  name. 

Constrictores  Vagina,  C.  cunni — c.  Yulvpe, 
C.  cunni. 

CONSTRINGENTIA.  Astringents,  Stvptics. 

CONSUETUDO,  Habit— e.  Menstrua,  Menses. 

CONSULTANT,  Consulting  physician  or  sur- 
geon. 

CONSULTA'TION,  Consulta'tio,  Belibera'tio, 
Coenolog"ia,  Conten'tio,  Symboleit'sis,  from  consu- 
lere,  consxdtum,  '  to  hold  council.'     This  word  has 


CONSULTING   PHYSICIAN        236 


CONTINUED   FEVER 


several  acceptations.  In  English,  it  means,  al- 
most always,  the  meeting  of  two  or  more  practi- 
tioners, to  deliberate  on  any  particular  case  of 
disease.  In  Prance,  it  signifies  the  written  result 
of  such  deliberations,  as  well  as  the  opinion  of  a 
physician,  given  to  a  patient,  who  consults  him, 
either  personally  or  by  writing. 

CONSULT'ING  PHYSICIAN  or  SURGEON, 
(F.)  Medecinoxx  Chirarcfien  consultant,  Consultant. 
One  who  consults  with  the  attending  practitioner, 
regarding  any  case  of  disease.  Some  physicians, 
surgeons,  and  accoucheurs  confine  themselves  to 
consulting  practice. 

CONSUMMATUM,  ConsommS. 

CONSUMMA'TUS,  from  con,  cum,  'with,'  and 
aummus,  'the  whole.'  Confirmed;  established; 
developed, — as  Phthisis  consumma'ta,  'confirmed 
consumption.' 

CONSUMP'TION,  from  consumere,  {eon  and 
siimere,  sumptum,)  'to  waste  away;'  Consumjj'tio, 
Gonsum'tio,  Syntex'is,  Wasting,  Wearing,  (F.) 
Consomption.  Progressive  emaciation  or  wasting 
away.  This  condition  precedes  death  in  the 
greater  part  of  chronic  diseases,  and  particularly 
in  phthisis  piulmonalis  :  on  this  account  it  is,  that 
phthisis  has  received  the  name  consumption — See 
Phthisis.  Fievre  de  Consomption,  Consumptive 
/ever,  is  the  same  as  Hectic  fever. 

Consumption  of  the  Bowels,  Enterophthisis. 

Consumption,  Gal'loping,  Phthisis  acu'ta,  (F.) 
Pthisie  galopante  ou  aigu'e.  Phthisis  pulmonalis, 
which  rapiclly  runs  through  its  course  to  a  fatal 
termination. 

CoNSUM-PTioN,  PuiiMONARY,  Phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis. 

CONSUMPTI'VA.  Same  etymology.  Caus- 
tics, used  for  the  destruction  of  fungi.  Burnt 
alum,  lunar  caustic,  &c.,  were  formerly  so  called. 

CONSUMPTIVE,  Phthisicus. 

CONSUMTIO,  Consumption. 

CONTABESCEN'TIA,  from  oontabescere,  (con 
and  tabeseere,)  'to  grow  lean.*  Consumption, 
marasmus,  atrophy,  &c. 

CONTACT,  Contac'tus,  from  con  and  tangere, 
tactiim,  '  to  touch.'  The  state  of  two  bodies  that 
touch  each  other.  In  the  theory  of  contagious 
diseases,  we  distinguish  immediate  or  direct  eon- 
tact,  as  when  we  touch  a  patient  labouring  under 
one  of  those  diseases ;  and  mediate  or  indirect 
contact,  when  we  touch,  not  the  patient  himself, 
but  objects  that  have  touched  or  emanated  from 
him.  The  air  is,  most  commonly,  the  medium  by 
which  this  last  kind  of  contact  is  efi'ected. 

CONTA'GION,  Conta'gio,  Conta'ges,  Conta'- 
gium,  Aporrhw'a,  Apnc'rysis.  Same  etymon. 
The  transmission  of  a  disease  from  one  person  to 
another  by  direct  or  indirect  contact.  The  term 
has,  also,  been  applied,  by  some,  to  the  action  of 
miasmata  arising  from  dead  animal  or  vegetable 
matter,  bogs,  fens,  cfcc,  but  in  this  sense  it  is  now 
abandoned.  Contagious  diseases  are  produced 
either  by  a  virus,  capable  of  causing  them  by 
inoculation,  as  in  small-pox,  cow-pox,  hydropho- 
bia, syphilis,  &c.,  or  by  miasmata,  proceeding 
from  a  sick  individual,  as  in  plague,  typhus  gra- 
vior,  and  in  measles  and  scarlatina.  [?]  Scrofula, 
phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  cancer,  have,  by  some, 
been  esteemed  contagious,  but  apparently  with- 
out foundation.  Physicians  are,  indee-d,  by  no 
means  unanimous  in  deciding  what  diseases  are 
contagious,  and  what  not.  The  contagion  of 
plague  and  tj'phus,  especially  of  the  latter,  is 
denied  by  many.  It  seems  probable,  that  a  dis- 
ease may  be  contagious  under  certain  circum- 
stances and  not  under  others.  A  case  of  common 
fever,  arising  from  common  causes,  as  from  cold, 
if  the  patient  be  kept  in  a  close,  foul  situation, 
may  be  converted  into  a  disease,  capable  of  pro- 
ducing emanations,  which  may  excite  a  similar 


disease  in  those  exposed  to  them.  Contagion  and 
infection  are  generally  esteemed  synonymous. 
Frequently,  however,  the  former  is  applied  to 
diseases  not  produced  by  contact;  as  measles, 
scarlet  fever,  [?]  <tc.,  whilst  infection,  (Prov.)  Smit, 
is  used  for  those  that  require  positive  contact;  as 
itch,  syphilis,  Ac,  and  conversely.  Diseases, 
which  cannot  be  produced  in  any  other  way  than 
by  contagion,  are  said  to  have  their  origin  in 
specific  contagion;  as  small-pox,  cow-pox,  mea- 
sles, hydrophobia,  syphilis,  &c.  Those  which 
are  produced  by  contagion,  and  yet  are  supposed 
to  be  sometimes  owing  to  other  causes,  are  said 
to  arise  from  common  contagion  ;  as  typhus,  cyn- 
anche  parotidsea,  <fcc. 

CONTA'GIONIST,  (F.)  Contagioniste.  One 
who  believes  in  the  contagious  character  of  a  par- 
ticular disease, — as  of  yellow  fever. 

CONTA'GIOUS,  Contagio'sus,  (F.)  Contagienx. 
Capable  of  being  transmitted  by  mediate  or  im- 
mediate contact,  Commu'nicahle, —  as  a  contagi- 
ons disease,  contagious  fever,  contagious  effluvia, 
&,o.  Commonly,  the  epithet  infectious,  (Prov.) 
Taking,  Smittle,  Catching,  is  applied  to  those  that 
are  communicated  by  immediate  contact,  as  itch, 
syphilis,  Ac. 

CONTAGIUM,  Contagion,  Miasm. 

CONTEMPLABILBS  DIES,  Critical  days. 

C0NTE3IPLATIF,  (F.)  Contemplati'vus,  {.con 
and  tempilum.)  Appertaining  to  contemplation. 
The  predominaht  idea  of  the  melancholic  —  of 
the    monomaniac  —  is  sometimes   called  contem- 

CONTEMPLATIO,  Catalepsy. 

CONTEMPLATIVUS,  Contemplalif. 

CONTENSIO,  Tension. 

CONTENTIO,  Consultation. 

CONTEX'TURE,  Contextu'ra,  Contex'tus,  from 
con  and  texere,  (quasi  tegsere,  from  tegere,  'to 
cover,')  textum,  'to  weave,'  'to  make  a  web.' 
Arrangement  of  parts  ; — texture.  A  name  given, 
metaphorically,  to  the  structure  of  organized 
bodies;  as  the  contexture  of  muscles,  fibres,  &o. 
See  Tissue,  and  Texture. 

CONTIGUITY,  DIARTHROSIS  OF,  see  Con- 
tinuity. 

CON'TINENCE,  Continen'tia,  from  continere, 
(con  and  tenere,  '  to  hold  or  keep,')  '  to  contain 
oneself;'  'to  restrain.'  Restraint.  Abstinence 
from,  or  moderation  in,  the  pleasures  of  physical 
love. 

CONTINENS,  Continent. 

CON'TINENT,  Con'tinens.  Restrained.  This 
word  is  synonymous,  also,  with  Continued/  (F.) 
Continu. 

Continent  Cause,  Causa  conjunc'ta,  is  a  cause, 
real  or  presumed,  which  having  given  rise  to  a 
disease,  continues  to  act  during  the  whole  of  its 
duration.  It  may  be  considered  synonymous 
with  proximate  cause.  A  continent  fever,  Febris 
continens,  is  one  which  preserves  during  its  whole 
course,  the  same  degree  of  intensity,  without  any 
remission  or  sensible  exacerbation.  A  disease 
which  continues  uninterruptedly,  has  been  also 
called  yEipathei'a,  Aeipathei'a  or  A'ipathi'a. 

CONTINENTIA,  Continence. 

CONTIN'UED  FEVER,  Febris  contin'ua  seu 
con'tinens  seu  anabat'ica  seu  assid'ua.  A  fever 
which  presents  no  interruption  in  its  course. 
Continued  fevers  form  a  division  in  the  class 
Pyrexia  of  CuUen,  and  include  three  genera, — 
Synocha,  Synochus,  and  Typhus.  It  is  proper  to 
remark,  that  some  of  the  older  writers  make  a 
distinction  between  the  continual  fever,  cvvi)(rii, 
febris  continua,  and  the  synochus  or  febris  conti- 
nens. Thus,  Rhases  states  that  the  sj'nochus  or 
continens  is  a  fever,  which  consists  of  one  pa- 
roxysm from  beginning  to  end;  whilst  the  conti- 
nua is  allied  to  intermittent?. 


CONTINUITY 


237 


CONTROSTIMULTJS 


CONTINU'ITY,  Coniinu'ifas.  An  adhesion 
of  two  things  between  each  other,  so  that  they 
cannot  be  separated  without  fracture  or  laceration. 

Continuity,  Diaethro'ses  of,  (F.)  Diarthroses 
de  Oontinnite,  are  movable  joints,  in  which  the 
bones  are  continuous,  but  do  not  touch  imme- 
diately, there  being  between  them  a  ligamentous 
substance,  whose  flexibility  permits  motion.  The 
vertebral  articulations  are  examples  of  this.  Di- 
arthroses OP  CoNTlGU'lTY,  Diarthroses  de  Con- 
tiguite,  on  the  other  hand,  are  movable  articula- 
tions, in  which  the  bones  are  not  continuous,  but 
touch  by  surfaces  covered  with  a  cartilaginous 
layer,  which  is  always  moistened  by  synovia. 

Continuity,  Lesion  of,  see  Continuity,  Solu- 
tion of. 

Continuity,  Solution  of,  Solu'tio  contin'\ii,  is 
any  division  of  parts,  previously  continuous. 
Wounds  and  fractures  are  solutions  of  continuity. 
The  word  Continuity  \5  opposed  to  Contiguity  :  the 
latter  meaning  the  condition  of  two  things  which 
are  near  each  other,  or  touch  without  uniting. 
There  is  contiguity  between  the  head  of  the  hu- 
merus and  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  scapula,  but 
not  continuity. 

A  le'sion  of  eontinu'ity,  Lce'sio  contin'ui,  is  a 
destruction  of  continuity  caused  by  disease. 

CONTONDANT,  Contunding. 

CONTORSIO,  Contorsion — c.  Columnae  verte- 
bralis,  Rbachiostrophosis. 

CONTOR'SION,  Contor'tio,  from  contorqueo, 
(con  and  torquere,  tortum,  '  to  wring,')  '  I  twist 
about.'  Violent  movement  of  a  part,  accompanied 
with  a  kind  of  torsion,  twist  or  castj  as  contortion 
of  the  face. 

CONTRA APERTU'RA, from  contra,  'against,' 
and  aperio,  'I  open.'  A  counter-opening;  Con- 
tra-incia'io,  Incis'io  prio'ri  oppo'sita,  (F.)  Contre- 
ouverture.  An  incision,  made  in  the  most  depend- 
ing part  of  a  wound  or  abscess,  when  the  first 
opening  is  not  situate  in  a  manner  favourable  for 
the  discharge  of  the  pus. 

CONTRAEXTENSIO,  Counter-extension. 

CONTRACTILE,  Contrae'tilis,  from  contra- 
here,  {con  and  trahere,  tractum.)  'to  draw  to- 
gether.' Capable  of  contracting.  The  fibre  of 
muscles  is  contractile.  ^ 

CONTRACTILITE,  Contractility— c.  par  De- 
faut  d' Extension,  Elasticity — c.c/eT/ss!i,Elasticity. 

CONTRA CTIL'ITY,  Contractil'itas:  same  ety- 
mon ;  (F.)  Contractilite.  That  vital  property, 
which  gives,  to  certain  parts,  the  power  of  con- 
tracting. The  muscles  of  locomotion  are  endowed 
with  a  power  of  voluntary  contractility,  or  one 
dependent  immediately  on  the  action  of  the  brain  : 
—  the  muscles  of  the  viscera  of  digestion,  and 
other  internal  organs,  enjoy  an  involuntary  con- 
tractility. Contractility  and  irritability  are  fre- 
quently used  synonymously  to  signify  the  pro- 
perty possessed  by  any  tissue  of  contracting  on  the 
application  of  an  appropriate  stimulus. 

Contractility,  Irritability. 

CONTRACTIO.Contraction—c.Cordis,  Systole. 

CONTRACTION,  Contrac'tio.  Same  etymon; 
Sys'tole.  Action  of  contracting.  When  we  speak 
of  the  contraction  of  a  muscle,  we  mean  the  phe- 
nomenon it  exhibits  during  the  time  it  is  in  action. 

CONTRACTOR  UTERI,  Abortive. 

CONTRACTU'RA.  Same  etymon.  Acamji'sia, 
Enta'sia  articula'ris,  Rigor  ar'tuum.  Muscular 
Stiff-joint,  (F.)  Contracture.  A  state  of  perma- 
nent rigidity  and  progressive  atrophy  of  the  flexor 
muscles,  which  prevents  the  motions  of  extension 
beyond  a  certain  limit.  The  affected  muscles 
form  hard  cords  beneath  the  skin.  On  dissection, 
they  are  found  converted  into  tendinous  fibres, 
the  fleshy  fibres  having  almost  disappeared,  when 
the  disease  has  been  of  any  duration.  It  suc- 
ceeds,   frequently',   other    diseases,    particularly 


rheumatism,  neuralgia,  convulsions,  syphilis,  eo- 
lica  pictonum,  &c.  The  warm  bath,  vapour  bath, 
or  thermal  waters,  oleaginous  embrocations,  me- 
chanical extension  of  the  limbs,  &c.,  are  the  chief 
means  of  treatment. 

CONTRAFISSU'RA,  from  contra,  'against,' 
and  fndere,  fissum,  '  to  cleave  ;'  Bepercus'sio,  Re- 
son'itus,  Catag'ma  Fissura  contraja'cens,  Apeche'- 
ma,  Anticom'ma,  Antic'ope,  Anticru'sis,  Anticrus'- 
ma,Infortu'nium,  Counterstroke,(¥.)  Conti'e-coup, 
Gontre-fente,  Contre-fracture.  A  fracture,  contu- 
sion, or  injury,  produced,  by  a  blow,  in  a  part 
distant  from  that  which  is  struck.  Five  species 
of  contrafissura  or  contre-eoups  may  occur  in  the 
skull.  1.  When  the  internal  table  yields  and 
fractures.  2.  When  the  bone  breaks  in  any  other 
part  than  the  one  struck.  3.  When  a  bone,  which 
has  been  struck,  remains  uninjured,  and  its  neigh- 
bour is  fractured.  4.  When  the  bone  is  fractured 
in  a  place  diametrically  opposite  to  that  struck, 
as  in  fractures  at  the  base  of  the  cranium,  from  a 
fall  on  the  vertex;  and  lastly,  when  the  violence 
of  the  blow  produces  a  separation  of  the  neigh- 
bouring or  distant  sutures.  These  fractures  of  the 
skull  are  also  called  Fractures  par  resonnance. 

CONTRAHENTIA,  Astringents,  Styptics. 

CONTRAINCISIO,  Contra-apertura. 

CONTRAINDICATIO,  Counter-indication. 

CONTRAIRRITATIO,  Counter-irritation. 

CONTRALUNA'RIS,  from  contra,  'against,' 
and  luna,  'the  moon.'  An  epithet  for  a  woman 
who  conceives  during  the  menstrual  discharge. — 
Dietrich. 

CONTRA STIMULANS,  Contro-stimulants. 

CONTRAYERVA,  Dorstenia  contrayerva— c. 
Balls,  Pulvis  contrayervse  eompositus. 

CoNTRAYERYA,  LiSBON,  Dorstenia  contrayerva 
—  c.  Mexican,  Psoralea  pentaphylla  —  c.  Nova, 
Psoralea  pentaphylla — c.  Virginiana,  Aristolochia 
serpentaria. 

CONTRECOUP,  Contra-fissura. 

CONTREEXTENSION,  Counter-extension. 

CONTREFENTE,  Contra-fissura. 

CONTREFRACTURE,  Contra-fissura. 

CONTREJNDICA  TION,  Counter-indication. 

CONTREOUVER TURE,  Contra-apertura. 

CONTREPOISON,  Antidote. 

CONTRESTIM  ULISME,  Controstimulus. 

C0NTRESTI3IUL  US,  Controstimulus. 

CONTREXEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Contrexeville  is  a  town  in  France  in  the 
department  of  Vosges,  four  leagues  from  Neuf- 
chateau.  The  waters  contain  carbonate  of  iron, 
chloride  of  calcium,  and  carbonate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  a  bituminous  substance,  and  free 
carbonic  acid.  They  are  frequented  by  those  la- 
bouring under  cutaneous,  scrofulous,  and  calcu- 
lous affections. 

CONTRIT"IO,  Syntrim'ma,  Syntrip'sis,  Tri- 
tu'ra,  Tritus,  Trit"io,  Tripsis,  from  coniero,  'I 
bruise  or  make  small :'  Comminu'tion,  Trit^iration. 

C  0  N  T  R  0  S  T I  M'UL  AN  T,  Contrastim'ulans, 
Hyposthen'ic,  from  contra,  'against,'  and  stimulus, 
'  that  which  excites.'  A  substance  that  possesses 
a  particular,  debilitating  property,  acting  upon 
the  excitability  in  a  manner  opposite  to  stimulus. 
A  name  given  to  therapeutical  agents,  which,  ac- 
cording to  the  Italian  theory  of  contro-stimidus, 
are  endowed  with  the  property  of  diminishing 
excitement  by  a  specific  action.  These  agents 
are  by  no  means  clearly  defined. 

CONTROSTIiM'ULUS  or  CONTRESTIMU- 
LUS,  DOCTRINE  OP,  (F.)  Contrestimiilisme. 
Same  etymon.  The  name  given  by  Rasori,  about 
thirty  years  ago,  to  a  new  medical  doctrine,  of 
which  he  was  the  originator — La  nuova  Dottrinn 
Medica  Italiana.  It  is  founded  on  the  contro-sti- 
mulant  property  attributed  to  a  certain  number  of 


CONTUNDING 


238 


CONVOLVULUS 


medicines.  In  this  doctrine,  as  in  that  of  Brown, 
under  the  name  excitahUity,  a  fundamental  princi- 
ple of  physiology  is  admitted,  by  virtue  of  which 
living  beings  are  endowed  with  an  aptitude  for 
feeling  the  action  of  external  agents  or  exciting 
influences,  and  of  reacting  on  these  influences. 
When  this  excitability  is  too  great,  there  is  excess 
of  stimulus  or  Hyperatheni' a :  when  too  little, 
there  is  deficiency  or  Hrjpostheni'a.  Diseases, 
general  and  local,  are  divided  into  three  great 
classes,  or  into,  1.  Hypersthenic  ;  2.  Hyposthenic  ; 
3.  Irritative.  The  contro-stimulant  physicians 
admit  only  two  classes  of  medicines  —  stimulants 
and  contro-stimidants. 

CONTUND'ING,  Contu'sing,  Contun'dens,  from 
contiindere,  (con  and  tundere,  tusum,)  'to  bruise.' 
(F.)  Contondaiit.  That  which  causes  contusions. 
An  epithet  given  to  round,  blunt,  vulnerating  pro- 
jectiles, which  bruise  or  lacerate  parts  without 
cutting  them. 

GONTUS,  Contused. 

CONTUS,  Penis. 

CONTU'SED.  Same  etymon  as  Contunding. 
(F.)  Contiis.  Afi'ected  with  contusion.  Thus  we 
say — a  contused  wound. 

CONTU'SION,  Contu'sio,  Bruise,  (Prov.)  Dohe, 
GoUis'io,  Phlasma,  Thlnsis,  Thlas'ma,  Th.contu'- 
sio,  Rhege,  Jthegma,  Rhegmus,  Famex,  Famis, 
Famix,  (F.)  3feurtrissure.  Same  etymon.  An 
injury  or  lesion  — arising  from  the  impulse  of  a 
body  with  a  blunt  surface  —  which  presents  no 
loss  of  substance,  and  no  apparent  wound.  If 
the  skin  be  divided,  the  injury  takes  the  name  of 
contused  wound.  The  difi'erences  of  contusions, 
as  to  extent,  are  of  course  infinite.  When  slight, 
the  blood  stagnates  in  the  capillaries  of  the  skin, 
or  is  eifused  into  the  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue. 
Time  and  cold  applications  remove  it.  When  the 
texture  has  been  lacerated,  there  is  effusion  of 
blood,  with  more  or  less  torpor  in  the  part  af- 
fected. Cooling  applications,  general  or  topical 
bleeding,  emollients,  poultices,  &c.,  are  here  ne- 
cessary, according  to  circumstances.  In  the 
severest  kinds  of  contusion,  all  the  soft  and  solid 
parts,  except  the  skin,  are  bruised,  and,  at  times, 
reduced  to  a  kind  of  pap.  When  the  disorgani- 
zation is  to  this  extent,  there  is  no  hope  except 
in  amputation.  A  deep  contusion  of  the  soft 
parts  has  been  called  Sareoth'lasis,  and  Sarcoth- 
las'ma. 

CoNTusiOJT,  Wind,  see  Wind  of  a  Ball. 

CONUS  ARTERIO'SUS,  Infnndib'ulum  of  the 
heart.  The  portion  of  the  right  ventricle  from 
which  the  pulmonary  artery  proceeds,  forms  a 
prominence  on  the  right  side  of  the  anterior  fur- 
row of  the  heart,  and  is  prolonged  towards  the 
left,  becoming  narrower  at  the  same  time,  so  as 
to  form  a  funnel-shaped  projection,  which  ex- 
tends a  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  ventricles. 
This  is  the  Conns  arteriosus. 

CoNus  Vasculosus,  see  Coni  Vasculosi. 

CONVALES'CENCE,  Convalescen'tia,  Ana- 
lep'sis,  Anas'fasis,  Reconvalescen'tia,  from  conva- 
leseere,  [con  and  valescere)  '  to  grow  well.'  Ex- 
anas'trophe.  Recovery  of  health  after  disease. 
The  time  which  elapses  between  the  termination 
of  a  disease  and  complete  restoration  of  strength. 

CONVALLARIA  ANGULOSA,  C.  polygona- 
tum. 

CoNVALLARiA  Canalicula'ta,  Pohjgo'natum, 
canalicula'tum  seu  lati/o'lium.  Great  Solomon's 
Seal;  and  Convallarta  fvbes'C'E'ss, Polygo'natum 
pubes'cens.  Smaller  Solomon's  Seal:  indigenous. 
A  decoction  of  the  roots  is  said  to  be  cathartic, 
diuretic,  and  diaphoretic. 

Convalla'ria  Maia'lis,  from  eonvalHs,  'a 
valley,' — from  its  abounding  in  valleys.  Lil'him 
ConvaVlium,  Convalla'ria,  C.  mappi,  Maian'the- 
mum,  Lily  of  the  Valley,  May  Lily,  (F.)  Ifugnet, 


Mugnet  de  Mai.  The  recent  flowers  are  reputed 
to  be  aromatic,  cephalic,  errhine,  and  cathartic. 
They  are  not  used. 

Convallaria  Mappi,  C.  Maialis. 
Convalla'ria      MuLTirLo'RA,      Polygo'natum 
multijlo'rum,  which  grows  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe,  has  analogous  properties. 

Convalla'ria  PoLYGo'NATrM.  The  systema- 
tic name  of  Solomon's  Seal,  Convalla'ria  angxi- 
lo'sa,  Polygo'natum  uniflo' rum  seu  anceps  sen  vul- 
ga're,  Sigil'lum  Salomo'nis,  Polygo'natum,  (P.) 
Sceau  de  Salomon,  Genouillet.  The  root  was  once 
used  as  an  astringent  and  tonic.  It  is,  also,  a  re- 
puted cosmetic. 

CONVENTIIS,  Coition. 

CONVER'SION,  Oonver'sio,  from  con  and  ver- 
tere,  versum,  'to  turn.'  Change  from  one  state 
into  another. 

Conversion  of  Diseases,  (F.)  Conversion  des 
maladies,  is  the  change  or  transformation  of  one 
disease  into  another. 

CONVOLU'TION,  Convolu'tio,  irom  convolvere, 
(con  and  volvere,  volutum)  'to  entwine;'  Episphm'- 
rion,  Gyrus,  Helig'mus,  (F.)  Girconvolution.  The 
rolling  of  any  thing  upon  itself. 

Convolu'tions,  Cer'ebral,  Gyri  seu  Plicatu'- 
rm  seu  Spires  seu  Proces'sus  enteroi'dei  seu  Intea- 
ti'nula  Cer'ehri,  are  the  round,  undulating,  tor- 
tuous projections  observed  at  the  base  of  the 
brain.  In  them  Gall's  organs,  of  course,  ter- 
minate. 

Convolu'tion,  Inter'nal,  O.  of  the  Corpus 
Callo'sum,  Convolution  d'Ourlet  (Foville).  A 
cerebral  convolution  of  great  extent,  the  princi- 
pal portion  of  which  is  found  on  the  inner  surface 
of  each  hemisphere  above  the  corpus  eallosum. 
In  front  it  bends  downwards  and  backwards  to 
the  fissure  of  Sylvius,  and  behind,  it  extends  to 
the  middle  lobe  and  forms  the  hippocampus  major. 

Convolu'tions,  Intes'tinal,  are  the  turns 
made  by  the  intestines  in  the  abdomen. 

Convolu'tion,  Supra-or'bitar.  A  convolu- 
tion of  the  brain,  which  exists  on  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  anterior  lobe,  and  rests  upon  the 
roof  of  the  orbit. 

CONVOL'VULUS,  from  convolvere,  {con  and 
volvere)  'to  entwine.'     Ileus,  Intussusceptio. 

Contol'vdlus  Bata'tas.  Same  etymon.  C. 
In'dicus,  Camotes ;  the  Sweet  Potato,  Spanish 
Potato.  (F.)  Patate.  Ord.  Convolvulacese.  This 
is  the  only  esculent  root  of  the  genus  Convol- 
vulus.    It  is  much  eaten  in  the  United  States. 

Convol'vulus  Cantab'rica,  Gantab'rica,  La- 
vender-leaved Bindweed,  has  been  considered  an- 
thelmintic and  actively  cathartic. 

Convolvulus  Indicus,  C.  Batatas. 

Convol'vulus  Jala'pa.  A  systematic  name, 
generally  thought  to  be  the  Jalap  plant,  which 
is,  properly,  Exogo'nium  pnrga,  Ipomoe'a  Jala- 
pa  seu  2^urga  seu  Schiedea'na  seu  macrorhi'za, 
Jala'pium,  Jalo'pa,  Mechoaca'na  nigra.  Jalap- 
pa,  Jalapa,  Jalap  Root,  Gialappa,  Xolappa, 
Bryo'nia  Mechoacan'a  nigricans,  Bryo'nia  Pe- 
ruvia'na,  Ghela'pa,  Rhabar'barum  Nigrum, 
Gelap'piium,  (F.)  Jalap,  is  produced  from  South 
America.  Its  odour  is  nauseous;  taste  sweetish 
and  slightly  pungent.  It  is  solid,  hard,  heavy, 
brittle ;  fracture,  resinous  ;  internally,  light  gray ; 
externally,  covered  with  a  deep  brown,  wrinkled 
bark.  Its  operation  is  cathartic,  the  resinous 
part  griping  violently.  Dose,  10  gr.  to  ^ss.  A 
drop  or  two  of  any  essential  oil  may  prevent  it 
from  griping.  An  active  principle  has  been  sepa- 
rated from  Jalap,  to  which  the  names  Jalapin 
and  Cathartin  have  been  given. 

An  inferior  kind,  called  light,  fusiform  or  mal^ 
jalap,  is  yielded  by  Ipomoe'a  seu  Convol'vulus 
Orizaben'sis,  I.  batatoi'des  seu  Mestitlan'ica,  which 
grows  near  Orizaba  and  Mestitlan,  in  Mexico. 


CONVULSE 


239 


COOSTRUM 


CoNVOLVLLus  Major  Albus,  Convolvulus  se- 
piuiu — e.  Muritimus,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

Convol'vulus  Mecho'acan,  ilechoaca'nce 
Radix,  Jalap'pa  alba,  Rliahar' barim  album,  Fip- 
tostecfia  Piao'nis,  Mechoacan,  Jeticucu,  (F.)  Mha- 
harhe  ou  Rhubarbe  blanche  ou  des  Indes,  Jalap 
Mane,  Bryone  d'Amerique.  A  Mexican  convol- 
vulus, the  root  of  which  possesses  aperient  pro- 
perties, and  was  once  extensively  used  instead  of 
jiilap.     See  Batata  de  purga. 

Convolvulus  Megalorhizus,  C.  Panduratus. 
Convolvulus  Nil,  Ipomce'a  nil,  Blue  Morning- 
glory.  An  East  Indian  plant,  naturalized  in  some 
of  the  Western  States.  The  seeds  are  sold  in 
Calcutta  as  a  cathartic.  The  roots  have  the  same 
properties. 

Convolvulus  Opeeculatus,  see  Batata  de 
purga — c.  Orizabensis,  see  Convolvulus  Jalapa. 

Convol'vulus  Pandura'tus,  C.  3Iegalorlii' - 
ziis,  Pseudo-mechoaca'na,  Fiddle-leaved  Bind- 
v:eed,  Hog  Potato,  Virginian  Bindweed,  Wild 
Pota'to,  Mech'ameck,  M.  Bindiceed,  Wild  Jalap, 
Man  in  the  ground,  Man  of  the  Eai'th,  Wild  Rhu- 
barb, Wild  Potato -Vine,  Kassau'der,  Kassa'der, 
Kuesauder,  (F.)  Liseron  Meehamec.  In  Virginia, 
and  some  other  parts  of  the  United  States,  the 
root  of  this  plant  has  been  much  recommended  in 
cases  of  gravel.  It  is  used  either  in  powder  or 
decoction. 

Convolvulus  Perenms,  Humulus  lupulus. 
Convolvulus    pes     Ca'prje,    Bargada.      A 
plant  used  in  India  as  a  cataplasm  in  arthritic 
cases. 

Convolvulus  E,epens,  C.  sepium. 
Convolvulus  Scammo'nea  seu  Scammo'nia, 
C.  Syriacns.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Seara'- 
mony  Plant.  A  Syrian  and  Mexican  plant;  the 
concrete  gummi-resinous  juice  of  which,  Scani- 
wo'nia,  ScaminonicB  Oiimmi  Mesi'na,  Scammonium, 
S.  Syriaciim,  Diagryd'ium,  Bacrydion,  Scammo- 
ny,  M(thmoudy,  (F.)  Scammonee  d'Alep,  comes  to 
us  in  blackish-gray  fragments,  becoming  whitish- 
yellow  when  touched  with  wet  fingers.  It  is  a 
drastic,  hydragogue  cathartic.  Dose,  gr.  iij  to 
gr.  XV,  triturated  with  sugar. 

Convolvulus,  Sea,  Convolvulus  Soldanella. 
Convol'vulus  SE'piusr,  Convolvulus  major 
albus  seu  reptens  seu  Tugurio'rum,  Calyste'gia 
se'piurn,  Great  or  Hedge  Bindtoeed,  (F.)  Liseron 
des  Haies,  Grand  Liseron.  The  juice  of  this 
plant  is  violently  purgative,  and  is  given  in  drop- 
sical affections. 

Convol'vulus  Soldanel'la.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Sea  Convolvulus,  Convol'vulus  Mdrit'- 
inius,  Bras'sica  Mari'na,  Calyste'gia  Soldanella, 
Sea  Bindweed,  Soldanel'la,  (F.)  Chou  Marin. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  said  to  be  drastic  ca- 
thartic; but  they  are  not  much,  if  at  all,  used. 

Convolvulus  Syriacus,  Convolvulus  scam- 
monia — c.  Tuguriorum,  C.  sepium. 

Convol'vulus  Turpe'thum,  Turpe'thum.  The 
systematic  name  of  the  Turhith  pdunt.  (F.)  Ra- 
cine de  Turbith.  The  cortical  part  of  the  root  of 
this  species  of  convolvulus  is  brought  from  the 
East  Indies.  It  is  a  cathartic,  but  not  used. 
CONVULSE,  Convulsed. 

CONVUL'SED,  ConvuVsus,  (F.)  Convulse. 
Same  etymon  as  convulsion.  Affected  with  con- 
vulsions. 

CONVULSIBILITAS.seeSubsultustendinum. 
CONVULSIF,  Convulsive. 
CONVULSIO,    Convulsion  —  c.    Canina,    see 
Canine  laugh. 

Convul'sio  Cerea'lis,  Convul'sio  ab  Usti- 
lag'ine  seu  Solonien' sis,  Ergotis'mus  spasmod'i- 
cus,  Myrmeci'asis,  3Iyrmecias' mus,  Myrmeeis'mns, 
Myrmeco'sis,  Ce'real  Convulsion,  (F.)  Convulsion 
cSreale,  Ergotisme  convulsif,  Convulsion  de  So- 
logne.     A   singular   disorder   of   the  convulsive 


kind,  attended  with  a  peculiar  tingling  and  for- 
mication in  the  arms  and  legs;  hence  called  by 
the  Germans  Kriebelkrankheit.  It  is  said 
to  be  endemic  in  some  parts  of  Germany,  and  to 
arise  often  from  the  use  of  spoiled  corn.  See 
Raphania. 

CoNVULSio  Habitualis,  Chorea  —  c.  Indica, 
Tetanus — c.  Raphania,  Raphania — c.  Soloniensis, 
C.  cerealis.  Ergotism — c.  Tonica,  Tonic  Spasm — 
c.  Uteri,  Abortion. 

C  ON  V  UL'SI  0  N,  (S'/iosmMS,  Convul'sio,  from 
convellere,  {con  and  vellere,  vulsum,)  'to  tear,  'to 
pull  together;'  Co7idnc'tio,  Hieran'osus,  Disten'tio 
nervo'rum,  Spastmis  clon'icus,  ConvuV sio  clon'ica, 
Eclamp'sia,  Syspa'sia  Convul'sio,  Hyjjersjjasm'ia, 
Clonic  Spasm.  This  word  has  several  accepta- 
tions. It  means  any  violent  perversion  of  the 
animal  movements.  The  word  Convulsions  ge- 
nerally, however,  signifies  alternate  contractions, 
violent  and  involuntary,  of  muscles,  which  habi- 
tually contract  only,  under  the  influence  of  the 
will.  This  alternate  contraction,  when  slight,  is 
called  tremor  ;  when  strong  and  permanent,  tetct' 
nus,  trismus,  &c.  Spasms,  Cramp,  Risus  Sardo- 
nicus,  and  St.  Vitns's  Dance  are  convulsions. 

Convulsion,  Salaam',  Eclampsia  seu  Spasmus 
nutans.  A  name  given  to  a  singular  kind  of  con- 
vulsion in  children,  in  which  there  is  a  peculiar 
bobbing  of  the  head  forward. — Sir  Charles  Clarke. 

CONVULSION  BE  SOLOGNE,   Convulsio 

CONVULSIONNAIRE  (F.).  A  name  given, 
during  the  last  century,  to  individuals  who  had, 
or  affected  to  have,  convulsions,  produced  by  re- 
ligious impulses.  The  epithet  was  first  given  to 
fanatics,  who  exhibited  the  most  wonderful  and 
varied  seizures,  at  the  tomb  of  Paris,  a  Jansenist, 
who  died  in  the  year  1V27,  and  was  buried  in  the 
cemetery  of  St.  Medard.  Some  of  these  were 
called  Sauteuses  or  Jumpers,  of  whom  there  have 
been  examples  in  more  recent  times  :  others,  from 
barking  like  a  dog,  were  called  aboyeuses ;  and 
others,  from  mewing  like  a  cat,  miaulantes. 

A  form  of  convulsion,  induced  by  religious 
frenzy,  has  been  vulgarly  called  the  "jerks,"  and 
the  gymnastic  movements  of  the  Shakers  may  be 
placed  in  the  same  category. 

CONVULSIONS  OF  CHILDREN,  Eclampsia 
—  c.  des  Enfans,  Eclampsia —  c.  des  Fernmee  en- 
ceintes et  en  couches.  Eclampsia  gravidarum  et 
parturientium — c.  Puerperal,  Eclampsia  gravida- 
rum et  parturientium.     See  Mania,  dancing. 

CONVUL'SIVE,  Convulsi'vus,  Spusmo'des, 
Agitato'rius,  (F.)  Convulsif.  That  which  is  ac- 
companied by,  or  is  analogous  to,  convulsions,  as 
convulsive  cough,  convulsive  disease. 

CONYZA,  Inula  dysenterica — e.  Bifoliata,  Se- 
ricocarpus  tortifolius  —  c.  Coma  aurea,  Solidago 
Virpranrea — c.  Major,  C.  squarrosa  —  c.  Media, 
Inula  dysenterica — c.  Pycnostachya,  Pteroeaulon 
pycnostachyum. 

Cony'za  Squarro'sa,  C.  Major,  Brep)hoc'to- 
non,  In'nla  squarro'sa,  Great  Fleabane  or  Sjjike- 
nard,  (F.)  Herbe  aux  mouches.  Ord.  Composite. 
A  European  plant,  whose  strong  and  disagreeable 
odour  was  formerly  considered  to  be  destructive 
to  flies,  fleas,  &c.  Its  infusion  in  wine  was  once 
used  as  an  emmenagogue  and  anti-icteric;  and  in 
vinegar  as  an  anti-epileptic. 

COOKERY,  Culinary  art. 

COOLWEED,  Pilea  pumila. 

COONTIE  or  COONTI,  see  Arrowroot. 

COOPER'S  WELL,  see  Mississippi,  Mineral 
Waters  of. 

COOPERCULUM  OCULI,  Palpebra. 

COOPERTORIUM,  Thyroid  cartilage. 

COOSTRUM.  The  middle  part  of  the  dia- 
phragm.— Ruland. 


COOT 


240 


COR 


COOT,  Malleolus. 
COOTH,  Catarrh. 
COPAHIER,  Copaiba. 
COPAHU,  Copaiba. 

COPA'IBA.  The  resinous  juice  of  CojKi'if'era 
officina'lis  seu  Jacquini,  Copaiva  ojfficina' lis,  and 
other  species  of  Copaifera;  (F.)  Cupahier.  Orel. 
LeguminosEe.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia. 
It  is  the  CopaifercB  officina'lis  Resi'na,  Mal'sa- 
mum  CupaibcB  seu  Brazilien'se  seu  de  Copaiba  seu 
Capi'vi,  Balsam  of  Copaiba  or  Copaiva,  (vul- 
garly pronounced  capee'vy,)  (F.)  Copahu,  Baume 
de  Copahu,  B.  du  Bresil,  Teribinthe  de  CopaTiu. 
Its  odour  is  peculiar,  but  not  unpleasant ;  taste 
pungent,  bitter;  consistence,  syrupy;  colour  yel- 
lowish, and  transparent.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol, 
ether,  and  the  expressed  oils.  S.  g.  0.950.  Its 
properties  are  stimulant  and  diuretic ;  in  large 
doses  it  is  purgative.  It  acts  on  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  urethra,  and  on  mucous  membranes 
in  general.  It  is  given  in  gonorrhoea,  gleet,  leu- 
corrhoea,  &c.,  in  the  dose  of  gtt.  x  to  ^j,  twice  or 
thrice  a  day.  Should  symptoms  of  urticaria  or 
diarrhoea  arise,  the  dose  is  too  large,  and  must  be 
diminished.  It  can  be  inspissated  by  means  of 
magnesia  so  as  to  be  made  into  pills,  and  a  plan 
has  been  devised  for  enveloping  it  in  gelatin,  so 
that  its  taste  is  entirely  concealed.  See  Cap- 
sules, gelatinous. 

COPAIFERA  JACQUINI,  see  Copaiba  — c. 
Officinalis,  see  Copaiba. 

COPAIVA  OFFICINALIS,  see  Copaiba. 
COPAL',  Copiale,  Resi'na  Copal,  Gummi  copal- 
li'num.  A  resinous  substance  brought  from  the 
East  Indies,  South  America,  and  the  western 
coast  of  Africa,  which  flows  spontaneously  from 
Elaocar' pns  CopalUf  erus,  Vate'ria  Lid'ica,  and 
probably  from  different  species  of  Hymena'a. 
Ord.  Leguminosae.  It  is  a  stimulant  like  all  the 
resins,  and,  dissolved  in  rectified  spirits  of  wine, 
has  been  used  in  cases  of  spongy  gums  and  loose- 
ness of  the  teeth  ;  but  it  is  now  only  employed 
in  varnishes. 

COPALCHE  BARK,  see  Croton  pseudo-china. 
COP-BOXE,  Patella. 
COPE.  Cut. 
COPHOMA,  Cophosis. 
COPHONIA,  Acouophonia. 
COPHO'SIS,    Copho'ma,    CopTi'otes,   Sar'ditas, 
Paracu'sis,  Dysmstlie'aia  audito' via ;  from  Kuxpo;, 
'deaf.'     (F.)    Surdite.     Diminution    or   loss    of 
hearing.     Cullen   uses   the  word    synonymously 
■with  I)ysec(xa,   and   Pinel    with  Paraeou'sia    or 
Parac'oe.     According  to  Sauvages,  Cophosis  dif- 
fers from  both, — from  Bysecoea,  because  in  it  the 
sonorous  rays    cannot  reach  the  labyrinth ;  and 
from  Paracousia,  which  consists    in  a  confused 
state  of  hearing. 

Cophosis   seems,   usually,   to   be   synonymous 
■with  deafness, — Paracu'sis,  Sur'ditas. 
COPHOTES,  Cophosis. 
COPIOPIA,  Copyopia. 

COPOS,  Lassitu'do,  Fatiga'tio,  Zas'situde,  Fa- 
tigue. A  state  of  body  in  which  most  of  the  ani- 
mal functions  are  exerted  with  less  promptitude 
and  vigour  than  common.  The  ancients  admit- 
ted three  species  :  1.  That  arising  from  plethora, 
Lassitu'do  tensi'va,  tono'des;  2.  From  plethora 
and  increased  heat  combined,  Lassitu'do  pMeg- 
.itono'sa,  (Estuo'sa,  phlegmono'des ;  and,  .3.  Owing 
to  a  morbid  condition  of  the  humours,  Lassitu'do 
ulcero'sa,  helco'des. 

COPPER,  Cuprum  —  c.  Ammoniated,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum — c.  Ammonio-sulphate  of,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum — -c.  Rose,  Papaver  rhoeas — c.  Sub- 
acetate  of,  Cupri  subacetas — c.  Sulphate  of,  Cupri 
sulphas  —  c.  Ammoniacal  sulphate  of,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum. 


COPPERAS,  Ferri  sulphas  —  c.  White,  Zinei 
sulphas. 

COPPER-NOSE,  Gutta  rosea. 

COPRACRASIA,  Scoracrasia. 

COPRACRATIA,  Scoracrasia. 

COPRAGO'GUM,  from  Korpo;,  'faeces,'  and 
ayw,  '  I  bring  away.'  Stercus  i  primis  viis  edu'- 
cens.  A  cathartic.  The  name  of  a  laxative  elec- 
tuary, mentioned  by  Ruland. 

COPRECCRITICUS,  Coprocriticus. 

COPREM'ESIS,  Copriem'esis,  Vom'itus  fascu- 
len'tus  seu  ster'coris:  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Vomiting  of  fasces. 

COPREM'ETUS,  Coproem'etus,  Copriem' etus, 
Ilerdiv'omus,  from  Koirpog,  'excrement,'  and  tjttu), 
'I  vomit.'     One  who  vomits  feeces. — Hippocrates. 

COPRIEMESIS,  Copremesis. 

COPRIEMETUS,  Copremetus. 

COPROCRIT'ICUS,  Copreccrit'icus,  from  kott- 
pa?,  'excrement,'  and  xptvii),  'I  separate.'  A  mild 
cathartic ;  an  eccoprotic. 

COPROEMETUS,  Copremetus. 

COPROEPTSCHESIS,  Constipation. 

COPROLITHUS,  see  Calculi  of  the  stomach 
and  intestines. 

COPROPHORESIS,  Catharsis. 

COPROPHORIA,  Catharsis. 

COPRORRHCEA,  Diarrhoea. 

COPROS,  Excrement. 

COPROSCLEROMA,  Coprosclerosis. 

COPROSCLERO'SIS, from Ko:r,)oj, 'excrement,' 
and  (TKXripoui,  'I  harden.'  Induration  of  fsecal 
matters ;  Coprosclero'ma. 

COPROSTASIS,  Constipation. 

COPTE,  Copton,  from  ko-jttui,  'I  beat  or  pound.' 
A  sort  of  cake,  composed  of  vegetable  substances, 
which  the  ancients  administered  internally,  and 
applied  to  the  epigastric  region  in  the  form  of 
cataplasm. 

COPTIS,  C.  trifo'lia,  Nigel'la,  Helleb'orus 
tri/o'iius,  Fibra  au'rea,  Chryza  Jibrau'rea,  Ane- 
mo'ne  Gronlan'dica,  Gold  thread.  Mouth  root ; 
from  Ko-Tw,  'to  cut,'  in  reference  to  the  divided 
leaves.  The  root  of  this  evergreen — Coptis,  (Ph. 
U.  S.) — is  much  used  in  Massachusetts,  in  aph- 
thous and  other  ulcerations  of  the  mouth,  as  a 
local  application.  It  is  a  pure  bitter,  and  can  be 
used  wherever  such  is  indicated. 

CoPTis  Teeta,  Mishrae  Teeta  (Upper  Assam), 
Honglane  (Chinese).  The  root  of  this  plant  is 
considered  to  be  a  powerful  tonic  and  stomachic. 

COPTON,  Copte. 

COPULA,  Ligament — c.  Camalis,  Coition — c. 
Cartilaginea,  see  Sj-nchondrosis — c.  Magna  cere- 
bri. Corpus  callosum. 

COPULATION,  Coition. 

COPYO'PIA,  Copio'pia,  Kopyo'pia,  Kopnn'pia 
Ophihahnocopia,  (F.)  Lassitude  oculaire,  from 
KOTTOf,  'fatigue,'  and  a)\l/,  'the  eye.'  Fatigue  of 
vision.  Weakness  of  sight.  Inability  of  the 
eye  to  sustain  continued  exertion. 

COQ,  Phasianus  Gallus — c.  des  Jardins,  Tana- 
cetum. 

CO  QUE  BTJ  LEVANT,  see  Menispermum 
coceulus  —  c.  d' CEuf,  see  Ovum  —  e.  Levant,  sqq 
Menispermum  coceulus. 

COQUELICOT.  Papaver  rhoeas. 
COQUELOURBE,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 
COQUELVCHE.  Influenza.  Pertussis 

COQUEN'TIA  MEDICAMENT'A,  from  co- 
quere,  'to  digest.'  Medicines  which  were  for- 
merly believed  to  be  proper  for  favouring  the 
coction  or  digestion  of  food. 

COQUERET,  Physalis. 

COQUETTE,  Influenza. 

COQUILLE,  Cochlea— c.  d' GEvf,  see  Ovum. 

COR,  a  corn.  Also,  Heart  —  e.  Aorticum,  see 
Heart  —  c.  Arteriosum,  see  Heart  —  c.  Bovinum, 


CORACO 


241 


CORDOLIUM 


Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the — c.  Hirsutum,  Cor  vil- 
losum — c.  Hispiduiu,  Cor  villosum — c.  Pulmonale, 
see  Heart  —  c.  Taurinum,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of 
the — c.  Tomentosum,  Cor  villosum — e.  Venosum, 
see  Heart. 

Cor  Villo'sum,  C.  tomento' sum  seu  Tiirsxi'tum 
seu  hisji'idum.  The  condition  of  the  heart,  at 
times,  after  pericarditis,  when  it  is  studded  with 
projections  of  fibrinous  matter  from  its  surface. 

COR'ACO.  In  composition,  appertaining  or 
relating  to  the  coracoid  process. 

CORACOBRACHI^US,  Coracobrachialis. 

COR'ACO-BRA'CHIAL,  Cor'aco-BraeMa'Us. 
Belonging  both  to  the  coracoid  process  and  arm. 

Coraco-Brachia'lis  (Muscle),  Coraeohraehi- 
cb'us,  Coraco-humeral — (Ch.),  Pei-fora'tus  Casse'- 
Eii,  PerfoTo.tus,  is  situate  at  the  inner  and  upper 
part  of  the  arm.  It  arises  from  the  coracoid 
process  of  the  scapula,  and  is  inserted  at  the 
middle  part  of  the  inner  side  of  the  humerus.  It 
carries  the  arm  forwards  and  inwards,  raising 
the  humerus  a  little.  It  can,  also,  by  acting  in- 
versely, depress  the  shoulder. 

_  CORACO-CLAVIC'ULAR,  Coraco-clavieula'- 
r!s.  Belonging  to  the  coracoid  process  and  cla- 
vicle. 

CoRAco  Clavicular  LiGAirENT  —  called,  also, 

Omo-claviculm serves  to  unite  the  clavicle  to 

the  coracoid  process.  It  is  very  irregular,  and 
formed  of  two  fasciculi,  which  the  greater  part 
of  anatomists  have  described  as  particular  liga- 
ments, under  the  names  Conoid  and  Tra2Jezoid. 

CORACODES,  Coracoid. 

CORACO-HUMERALIS,  Coraco-brachialis  — 
c.  Hyoideus,  Omohyoideus  —  c.  Radialis,  Biceps 
flexor  eubiti. 

COR'ACOID,  CoracoVdeus,  Coraco'i'dea,  Cora- 
co'des,  from  xropaf,  KopaKog,  'a  crow,'  and  etSog, 
'resemblance.'  (F.)  Coraeo'ide.  Resembling  the 
beak  of  a  crow.  A  name  given  by  Galen  —  and 
still  retained — to  the  short,  thick  process,  situate 
at  the  anterior  part  of  the  upper  margin  of  the 
scapula,  which  has  some  resemblance  to  the  beak 
of  a  crow.  Process'us  Coracot'deus  seu  uncina'- 
tus  seu  cornicula'ris  seu  anchora' lis  seu  rostri- 
form'is  seu  cmcyroi'des,  Croius  beak-like  ]}roces8. 
This  process  gives  attachment  to  the  Coraco-cla- 
vio'tdar  and  Coraco-acro'mial  ligaments,  and  to 
the^Coraco-hro.cMa'lis,  Feetora'lis  minor,  and 
Biceps  muscles. 

Coracoid  Lig'amext,  Ligamen'tum  eoracoV- 
deum,  (F.)  L.  C'oraeoidien.  This  name  is  given 
to  the  small  fibrous  fasciculus,  which  converts 
the  notch,  at  the  superior  margin  of  the  scapula, 
into  a  foramen. 

COB  AIL,  Coral  —  c.  des  Jardins,  Capsicum 
annuura. 

CORAL,  Coral'lium,  Coral'lus,  Coura'h'ttm, 
Arhor  Maris,  Azitr,  Bole' sis,  from  Koptiii,  '1  adorn,' 
and  'a\i,  'the  sea;'  and,  according  to  some,  from 
Kopri,  'a  daughter,'  and  'aXf,  'the  sea.'  (F.)  Corail. 
One  of  the  most  beautiful  productions  of  the  deep. 
It  is  fixed  to  submarine  rocks,  in  the  form  of  a 
shrub,  and  is  of  a  bright  red  colour.  It  is  the 
habitation  of  a  multitude  of  animals,  of  the  Zoo- 
phyta  order,  and  is  formed  of  a  calcareous  sub- 
stance, secreted  by  the  animals  themselves.  It 
is  in  very  hard,  concentric  layers ;  covered,  ex- 
ternally, by  a  species  of  porous  bark,  full  of 
cellules,  each  of  which  contains  one  of  these 
animals.  Linneeus  calls  the  red  coral,  his  noh'- 
ilis,  and  M.  de  Lamarck,  Coral'lium  rnhrum.  It 
is  much  fished  for  on  the  coasts  of  Barbary  and 
Sicily.  Coral  was  formerly  esteemed  tonic,  ab- 
sorbent, astringent,  &c. ;  but  analysis  has  shown, 
that  it  contains  only  carbonate  of  lime  and  a  lit- 
tle gelatin.  —  Dioscorides,  Pliny,  Oribasius,  the 
Geoponica,  <fec.  Corallium  album  is  a  hard, 
white,  calcareous,  brittle  substance,  the  nidus  of 
16 


the  Madrepi' ora  ocula'ta.  It  has  been  given  as 
an  absorbent. 

CORALLI'jSTA.  Diminutive  of  Corallium : 
3Tuscu8  marit'imus,  Corallina  officinu'lis,  Brion, 
Corallina  alba,  Sea  Cor'alline,  White  Worm-weed, 
(F.)  Coralline  blanche.  The  production  of  an 
animal,  which  belongs  to  the  class  Pol'ypi,  and 
which  is  found  in  all  the  seas  of  Europe;  —  par- 
ticularly in  the  Mediterranean.  It  has  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  plant,  is  homogeneous,  an  inch  or 
two  in  height,  of  a  white,  reddish,  or  greenish 
colour,  salt  taste,  and  marine  smell.  It  contains 
gelatin,  albumen,  chloride  of  sodium,  phosphate, 
carbonate,  and  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate  of 
magnesia,  silica,  oxide  of  iron,  and  a  colouring 
principle.  It  was  once  much  used  as  a  vermi- 
fuge; but  is  not  now  employed.  Dose,  ^ss  to  3J, 
in  powder. 

Corallina  Corsica'na,  C.  rubra,  Helminiho- 
chorton,  Helminthochort'um,  Elminthochorton, 
Muscus  helminthochortos,  Melithochorton,  Muscns 
coralli'nus  seu  Mari'nns  seu  Cor'sicns,  Confer'va 
Helminthochortos,  SphcBrococ'cus  helminthochor- 
tos, Gigarti'na  seu  Ploca'ria  seu  Fucus  helmin- 
thochorton,  Coralli'na  melitochorton,  Lemithochor- 
ton,  Ceru'mium  helminthochort'us,  Corsican  Worm- 
weed,  (F.)  Coralline  de  Corse  ou  noire,  ilousse 
de  Corse.  It  is  a  mixture  of  several  marine  plants 
and  zoophytes,  as  the  fucus,  ceramium,  viva,  co- 
ralline, conferva,  &c.,  and  has  gained  great  repu- 
tation for  destroying  all  kinds  of  intestinal  worms, 
when  given  in  strong  decoction.  The  Geneva 
Pharmacopoeia  directs  an  oflBcinal  syrup  —  the 
Sir  op  de  Coralline. 

CORALLINE  BLANCHE,  Corallina  — c.  de 
Corse,  Corallina  Corsicana — c.  Noire,  Corallina 
Corsicana. 

CORALLOIDES  FUNGUS,  Clavaria  coral- 
loides. 

CORALWORT,  Clavaria  coralloides. 

CORCULUM  GERMINIS,  see  Molecule. 

CORD,  Funis,  Funic'ulus,  Chcenos,  Ohoe'nion, 
;^oivoj,  -x^oiviov,  from  the  Latin  Chorda,  which  is 
itself  derived  from  x°P^^>  'intestine;'  and,  after- 
wards, was  applied  to  musical  cords  or  strings, 
made  of  the  intestines  of  animals.     See  Chorda. 

Cord,  Spermatic,  see  Spermatic  cord — c.  Um- 
bilical, Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

Cords,  Vocal,  Cords  of  Ferrein,  Chorda  vo- 
ca'les,  Ch.  Ferre'nii.  A  name  given  to  the  liga- 
ments of  the  glottis,  which  Ferrein  compared  to 
stretched  cords,  and  to  which  he  attributed  the 
production  of  voice.  See  Thyreo-arytenoid  Liga- 
ment. 

CORD  A,  Chorda — c.  Hippocratis,  Achillis 
tendo  —  c.  Magna,  Achillis  tendo  —  c.  Spinalis, 
Medulla  spinalis. 

CORDE  BU  TAMBOVR,  Chorda  tympani 
— c.  dM  Tympan,  Chorda  tympani. 

CORDEE,  Chordee. 

CORDIA  AFRICANA,  Sebestina— c.  Domes- 
tica,  Sebestina — c.  Myxa,  Sebestina — c.  Obliqua, 
Sebestina — c.  Sebestina,  Sebestina — c.  Smooth- 
leaved,  Sebestina. 

COR'DIAL,  Cordia'lis,  Cardi' acus,  from  cor, 
cordis,  'the  heart.'  A  tonic  or  excitant  medicine, 
judged  to  be  proper  for  exciting  the  heart.  A 
warm  stomachic. 

Cordial,  Godfrey's,  see  Godfrey's  Cordial — c. 
Nervous,  Brodum's,  see  Tinctura  gentianje  com- 
posita — e.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's,  Coirfectio  aroma- 
tica — c.  "Warner's,  see  Tinctura  rhei  et  senna;. 

CORDIFORM  TENDON  OF  THE  DIA- 
PHRAGM, Centre,  phrenic. 

CORDINE'MA,  from  Kapa,  'the  head,'  [?]  and 
hvtiii,  '  I  move  about.'  Headache,  accompanied 
with  vertigo.     See  Carebaria. 

CORDIS  EMUNCTORIUM,  Axilla. 

CORDOLIUM,  Cardialgia. 


CORDON 


242 


COEN 


CORDON(¥.),  Funic'ulus,  diminutive  oi funis, 
'a  cord.'  A  term  applied  to  many  parts,  which 
resemble  a  small  cord. 

CORDON  NER  VEUX,  Ramus  Nervo'sus.  A 
principal  division  of  a  nerve,  or  the  nervous  trunk 
itself. 

CORDON  OMBILICALE,  Funiculus  umbili- 
calis — c.  Spermatique,  Spermatic  chord — c.  Testi- 
culaire,  Spermatic  chord. 

CORDONS    SUS-PUBIENS,    Round    liga- 
ments of  the  uterus — c.  Vasculaires,  Round  liga- 
ments of  the  uterus. 
CORDS,  see  Cord. 
CORE,  Pupil,  see  Furunculus. 
COREC'LISIS,  Ankyloc'ore,  Atretops'ia,  from 
Kopv,   'pupil,'  and  k\uui,   '1   close.'      Closure   or 
obliteration  of  the  pupil.' 

CORECTOMIA,  see  Coretomia. 
CORECTOP'IA,  from  Kopr,,  'the  pupil,'  ek,  'out 
of,'  and  TOTTo;,  'place.'  Displacement  of  the  pupil. 
A  condition  of  the  iris  in  which  one  segment  is 
larger  than  the  other;  so  that  the  pupil  is  not  in 
the  centre. — Von  Ammon. 

CORBDIALYSIvS,  see  Coretomia. 
CORE'MATA,  from  Koptw,  'I  cleanse.'    Reme- 
dies proper  for  cleansing  the  skin.  —  Paulus  of 
.ffigina. 

COREMETAMORPHOSIS,  Dyscoria. 
COREMORPHO'MA,  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
A  morbid  change  in  the  shape  of  the  pupil. 

COREMORPHO'SIS,  Conforma'tio  impiWa 
artificia'lis,  Cor' eplasty ,  from  kooyj,  'the  pupil,' 
and  pop(p(j>cni,  'formation.'  The  operation  for 
artificial  pupil.     See  Coretomia. 

CORENCLEI'SIS,  from  KOf)?;,  'the  pupil,'  and 
ty/cXtiu,  'to  include.'  Operation  for  artificial 
pupil,  which  consists  in  drawing  out,  through  an 
incision  in  the  cornea,  a  portion  of  the  iris,  and 
cutting  it  off. 

COREON'CION,  Coron'cion,  Coreon'cium,  from. 
Kopri,  'the  pupil,'  and  oyKivoi,  'a  small  hook.'  An 
instrument,  used  for  the  formation  of  artificial 
pupil  by  Langenbeck.  It  is  hooked  at  its  ex- 
tremity. A  double-hooked  forceps,  used  by  Von 
Grafe,  is  similarly  named. 

COREOP'SIS    TRICHOSPER'MA,    Ticktceed 
sunflower,   Tickseed  sunflower;    from   Kopig,    'the 
bug,'  and   o\ptg,   'resemblance.'     An   indigenous 
plant,  of  the  Composite  Family,  with  large  golden 
yellow  rays,  which  flowers  in  September.     It  is 
said  to  have  been  used  as  an  alterative. 
COREPLASTY,  Coremorphosis. 
CORETODIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 
CORETOMEDIALYSIS,  see  Coretodialysis. 
CORETOM'IA,   from    Kopr,,    'the   pupil,'   and 
Tspivuv,  'to  cut.'    Iridotoni'ia,  Coretotom'ia,  Coro- 
tom'ia,  Iridectom'ia,  Coretonectom'ia,  Corectom'ia, 
Iridodial'ysis,  Corodial'ysxs,  Coredial'ysis,   Oore- 
todiaVysis,   Coretomedial'ysis,  Iridotomedial'ysis. 
Iridectomedial'ysis.     Various   operations  for  the 
formation  of  artificial  pupil  are  so  termed.     The 
first  four  signify  the  simple  incision  of  the  iris 
for  that  purpose ;  the  next  three,  excision  of  the 
iris,  or  incision  with  loss  of  substance ;  the  next 
four  the  simple  separation  or  tearing  asunder  of 
the  iris  from  the  ciliary  ligament;  the  next  two 
such  separation  with  incision  of  the  iris;  and  the 
last  such  separation  with  excision  of  the  part  of 
the  iris  detached.     When  a  portion  of  the  iris  is 
left  strangulated  in  the  wound,  it  is  termed  Iri- 
denclei'sis,  Iridencleis'mus,  and  Iridotenclei' sis, 
CORETONECTOMIA,  see  Coretomia. 
CORETOTOMIA,  Coretomia. 
CORIAN'DER,  from  Kopis,  'the  bug :'  the  smell 
of  the  fresh  herb  resembling  that  of  the  bug.  [?] 
Coriandrum  sativum. 

CORIANDRUM  CICUTA,  Cicuta  virosa— c. 
Maculatum,  Conium  maeulatum. 

Corian'dkoji   Sati'vdm,    Corian'der,    Corian'- 


non,  (F.)  Goriandre.    Family,  Umbelliferse.    Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.     The  seeds  of  the  co- 
riander—  Corian'drum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Coriannon  — 
have  an  aromatic  odour,  and  grateful,  pungent 
taste.     They  arc  carminative,    but   are   chiefly 
used  to  cover  the  taste  of  other  medicines. 
CORIANNON,  Coriandrum  sativum. 
CORIGEEN,  Fucus  crispus. 
CORIITIS,  Cvtitis. 

CORINTHIAC^,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaea. 
CORION,  Corium,  Hypericum  perforatum. 
CORIS,  Cimex — c.  Monspeliensis,  Symphytum 
Petrseum. 

CO'RIUM,  Corion,  (F.)  Cuir.  The  skin  of 
animals  is  so  called,  especially  when  tanned. 
The  cutis  vera,  or  the  thickest  part  of  the  human 
skin. 

Corium  Phlogis'ticum,  Crusta  pleuret'ica  seu 
inflammato'ria  seu  phlogis'tica,  Pegmin,  Inflani'- 
matory  Crust  or  Buff,  Buffy  Coat,  (F.)  Couenne, 
C.  Pleuretique,  C.  Inflarnmatoire.  The  grayish 
crust  or  buflf,  varying  in  thickness,  observed  on 
blood  drawn  from  a  vein  during  the  existence  of 
violent  inflammation,  pregnancy,  <fec.  It  is  par- 
ticularly manifest  in  pleurisy,  and  hence  one  of 
its  names.  For  its  production,  it  appears  to  be 
requisite,  that  there  should  be  an  increase  in  the 
proportion  of  the  fibrinous  element  of  the  blood 
over  that  of  the  red  corpuscles,  with  increased 
aggregation  of  those  corpuscles.  Under  such 
circumstances,  the  bufiy  coat  assumes  a  concave 
appearance  on  its  upper  surface,  and  the  blood  is, 
therefore,  said  to  be  cupped. 

The  bufi"  is  generally  believed  to  consist  of 
fibrin ;  but,  according  to  the  researches  of  Mul- 
der, it  is  composed  of  abinoside  of  protein,  which 
is  insoluble  in  boiling  water,  and  a  tritoxide  which 
is  soluble.  These  oxides  are  comprehended  by 
him  under  the  name  oxyprotein. 

When  the  blood  presents  the  above  appearance, 
it  is  said  to  be  huffy. 
CORK,  Suber." 

C0R2IIER,  Sorbus  domestica. 
CORMUS.  In  botany,  when  the  stem  of  a 
plant,  without  creeping  or  rooting,  is  distended 
under  ground,  retaining  a  round  or  oval  form,  it 
is  so  called.  The  Cormus  is  vulgarly  termed  a 
root, — radix. 

CORN,  (Saxon  copn,)  (G.)  Kern.  In  Eng- 
land, this  word  means  the  Cerealia,  or  those 
seeds,  which  grow  in  ears,  not  in  pods.  In  the 
United  States,  Corn  always  means  Indian  Corn. 
Its  English  sense  corresponds  to  the  French  B16 
or  Bled. 

Corn,  Claviis,  Clavua  Pedis,  Ecphy'ma  Clavim, 
Gemur'sa,  (F.)  Cor,  Ognon,  from  cornu,  'a  horn.' 
A  small,  hard,  corneous  tumour,  which  forms 
upon  the  foot,  generally  on  the  toes ;  and  is  com- 
monly produced  on  the  most  projecting  parts,  by 
the  pressure  of  too  tight  shoes.  A  part  of  the 
corn  is  raised  above  the  skin,  and  forms  a  round 
tumour,  like  the  head  of  a  nail :  the  other  por- 
tion, which  serves  as  its  base,  is  buried  more  or 
less  deeply  in  the  integuments,  and  occasionally 
extends  as  far  as  the  tendons  and  periosteum. 
Corns  may,  sometimes,  be  removed,  by  immers- 
ing the  feet  in  warm  water,  but  commonly  they 
return.  They  can,  likewise,  be  destroyed  by  the 
knife  or  caustic,  or  by  paring  them  down  and 
pulling  them  out  by  the  roots ;  but  these  opera- 
tions are  not  always  as  simple  as  they  seem.  In 
the  way  of  palliation,  they  must  be  constantly 
pared ;  and,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  pres- 
sure, any  soft  plaster,  spread  upon  linen  or  leather, 
'may  be  applied,  with  a  hole  in  the  centre  to  re- 
ceive the  corn  ;  and  layer  after  layer  of  plaster 
be  added,  until  they  attain  the  level  of  the  corn. 
When  very  irritable,  the  lunar  caustic,  rubbed 
over  the  surface,  will  generally  diminish  irritabi- 


CORNALINE 


243 


C  0  E  N  U 


lity  surprisingly,  and  in  a  mode  not  easy  of  ex- 
planation. 

Corn,  Zea  mays. 
CoEN  Cockle,  Lychnis  githago. 
Corn,.  Guinea,  Panicum  Italicum — c.  Indian, 
Zea  mays — c.  Wild,  Matricaria  chamomilla. 

Corn   Flag,    Gladiolus   vulgaris  —  c.  Flower, 
Centaurea  cyanus — c.  Salad,  Valeriana  dentata. 
Corn,  Squirrel,  Dicentra  Canadensis. 
CORNALINE,  Cornelian. 
CORNE,  Cornu — c.  d'Ammon,  Cornu  ammonis 
— c.  de  Belier,  Cornu  ammonis — c.  de  Cerf,  Cer- 
vus,  Cornu  cervi,   Cochlearia  coronopus  —  c.  de 
Chamois,   Cornu  rupicapras  ■ — -c.  Descendante  ou 
inferieure  du  ventricule  lateral,  Cornu  descendens 
ventriculi  lateralis  —  c.  de  la  Peau,  Cornu  —  c. 
Posterieare  du  ventricule  lateral,  Cornu  posterius 
seu  posticum  ventriculi  lateralis. 
CORNE,  Corneous. 

COR'NEA,  C.  transpa'rens  seu  pellu' cida  seu 
lu'cida,  Ceras,  Sclerot'ica  ceratoi'des,  CeratoV des 
seu  Cerato'des  membra'na,  Ceratome'ninx,  3fem- 
hra'na  cornea;  from  cornu,  'horn.'  The  trans- 
parent cornea.  (F.)  Cornee.  One  of  the  coats 
of  the  eye,  so  called  because  it  has  some  resem- 
blance to  horn.  It  is  termed  transparent  to  dis- 
tinguish it  from  the  opalce — Cornea  opa'ca  or 
Sclerotic.  It  is  convex,  anteriorly ;  concave, 
posteriorly;  forming  nearly  one-fifth  of  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  eye,  and  representing  a  segment 
of  a  sphere  about  seven  lines  and  a  half,  or  in. 
0'625  in  diameter.  It  seems  to  be  constituted  of 
laminae  in  superposition,  but  of  the  precise  num- 
ber anatomists  are  not  agreed.  Henle  assigns  it 
four;  the  third,  a  very  solid  cartilaginous  lamella, 
being  called  Membrane  de  Bemours  or  J/,  de  Des- 
cemet :  see  Aqueous  humour.  Messrs.  Todd  and 
Bowman  assign  it  five  layers. 

Cornea,  Conical,  Staphyloma  of  the  cornea — 
e.  Opake,  Caligo — c.  Opaca,  Sclerotic — c.  Sugar- 
loaf,  Staphyloma  of  the  cornea. 
CORNEE,  Cornea. 
CORNEITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CORNEL,  ALTERNATE-LEAVED,  Cornus 
alternifolia — e.  American  Red-rod,  Cornus  serieea 
— c.  Large-flowered,  Cornus  Florida — c.  Panicled, 
Cornus  paniculata — c.  Round-leaved,  Cornus  cir- 
cinata — c.  White,  Cornus  paniculata. 

CORNE'LIAN,  Came'Uan,  Chalcedo'nius, 
Came' olus,  Lapis  Carne'olus,  Corne'lus,Corne' olas. 
Lapis  Sard' ius,  (F.)  Cornaline.  A  precious,  semi- 
transparent  stone,  found  in  Sardinia.  The  an- 
cients ascribed  to  it  a  number  of  absurd  properties. 
CORNELUS,  Cornelian. 
CORNEOLUS,  Cornelian. 

COR'NEOUS,  Cor'neus,  Horny,  (F.)  Corni, 
from  cornu,  '  a  horn.'  Having  the  nature  or  ap- 
pearance of  horn. 

Corneous  Tissue,  Tela  eor'nea,  is  that  which 
forms  the  nails.  The  corneous  membrane  is  the 
cornea. 

CORNE S  DU  CARTILAGE  THYROIDE, 
Cornua  cartilaginis  thyroidefe — c.  du  Coccyx,  Cor- 
Buacoceygis — c.  de  VHyoide,  Cornua  hyoidei  ossis. 
CORNES  DE  LniAgON{¥.),  Snail's  Horns. 
A  name  given  by  Anel  to  the  lachrymal  puneta 
and  ducts. 

CORNES  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Cornua  uteri 
— c.  de  la  Peau,  Horny  excrescences. 
CORNESTA,  Retort. 

CORNET  ACOUSTIQUE,  Ear-trumpet  — c. 
31oyen,  Turbinated  bone,  middle — e.  de  Morgagni, 
Turbinated  bone,  superior. 

CORNETS,  Turbinated  honQs  —  c.  de  Bertin, 
Sphenoidal  cornua — c.  Sphenoidaux,  Sphenoidal 
cornua. 

CORNICHON,  see  Cucumis  sativus  —  c.  de 
Cerf,  Cornu  cervi. 


CORNICULARIS  PROCESSUS,  Coracoid 
process. 

CORNIC'ULUM',  diminutive  of  cornu,  'a  horn.' 
'a  little  horn.'  A  species  of  cupping  instrument, 
shaped  like  a  trumpet,  having  a  hole  at  the  top 
for  sucking  the  air  out,  to  diminish  the  pressure 
in  its  interior. — Scultetus,  Hildanus. 

Corniculum  Laryn'gis,  Capit'ulum  Santori'ni 
seu  Laryn'gis  seu  Cartilag"inis  aryteno'idecB,  Su- 
pra-arytenoid  Car'tilage,  Car'tilage  of  Santorini. 
A  small,   very  movable,   cartilaginous    tubercle, 
found  on  the  arytenoid  cartilages. 
CORNIER,  Cornus  Florida. 
CORNIFICATION,  Racor,iissement. 
CORNINE,  see  Cornus  Florida. 
CORNOUILLER,  Cornus    Florida— c.  d 
Feuilles  arrondies,  Cornus  circinata — c.  d  Grandes 
fleurs,  Cornus  Florida — c.  Soyeux,  Cornus  sericca. 
CORNU,   Ceras,    Corn,  Horn.     (F.)  Come.     A 
conical,    hard,     epidermous     projection,     which 
grows  on  the  heads  of  certain  animals,  serving 
them  as  a  weapon  of  offence  and  defence.     Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  parts  of  the  hu- 
man body,  which  have  nearly  the  same  shape  as 
the  horns  of  animals. 

Cornu.  A  horny  excrescence;  a  corneous  wart, 
which  occasionally  forms  on  the  skin,  and  requires 
the  use  of  the  knife  ;  (F.)  Come  de  la  Peau. — See 
Corn.  Also,  Cornu  Cervi.  — See  Cervus.  Also, 
a  Retort. 

Cornu  Acusticum,  Ear-trumpet. 
Cornu  Ammo'nis,  C.  Arie'tis,  Hippocam'pus 
major.  Pes  hippocam'jn  major.  Pes  Hippopot'ami 
major,  Protuberan'tia  cylind' rica.  Vermis  Bom- 
byc"inu8,  Proces'sus  cer'ebri  latera'lis,  (F.)  Come 
d'Ammon  ou  de  Belier,  Grande  Hipjjocampe, 
Pied  de  cheval  marin.  Protuberance  cyliadroide 
(Ch.),  Bourrelet  roule.  A  broad,  considerable 
eminence,  curved  on  itself,  and  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  lateral  ventricle.  Its  sur- 
face presents  two  or  three  tubercles  separated 
from  each  other  by'shallow  grooves. 

The  Aceesso'rius  Pedis  Hipj)ocamp'i,  (F.)  Ac- 
cessoire  du  pied  d'hippocampe,  is  a  prominence, 
usually  formed  by  the  base  of  the  inferior  cornu 
of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain.  It  is  merely 
a  fold  of  the  hemisphere,  and  was  by  Malacarne 
called  Cuissart  ou  Armure  des  Jambes. 

Cornu  Axterius  seu  Anti'cuii  Ventric'tili 
Latera'lis;  Anterior  Comu  of  the  Lat'eral  Ven'- 
tricle.  The  portion  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the 
brain,  which  is  lodged  in  the  middle  of  the  lobe, 
and  forms  the  commencement  of  that  cavity. 

Cornu  Cervi,  Conm,  C.  Cervi'num,  Cervi 
El'aphi  Cornu,  Hartshorn,  (F.)  Come  de  cerf, 
Bois  de  cerf,  Comichon  de  cerf.  The  horns  of 
various  species  of  the  stag.  They  contain  about 
27  per  cent,  of  gelatin.  The  Shavings,  Raspa- 
tu'ra  seu  Ras'ura  Cornu  Cervi,  C.  C.  raspa'tum, 
boiled  in  water,  have,  consequently,  been  es- 
teemed emollient  and  nutritive. 

Hartshorn   Jelly  may  be  made  as  follows : 

Hartshorn  shavings,  ^vj  ;  boil  in  water  Oiv  to 
Oij  ;  strain,  and  add,  whilst  hot,  of  lemon-juice, 
two  tablespoonfuls ;  white  sugar,  ^^vj  ;  and  Sherry 
wine,  two  glasses.  A  good'  nutriment  for  the  sick, 
where  wine  is  not  improper. 

AVhen  burnt,  the  shavings  constitute  the  Cornu 
cervi  calcina'tum,  Cornu  ustum,  Phosphas  Calcis 
Galea' ria  phosphor' ica,  (F.)  Come  de  cerf  calcinee, 
Phosphate  de  chaux,  which  consists  of  57-5  per 
cent,  of  phosphate  of  lime.  It  has  been  used  as 
an  antacid,  but  is  wholly  inert,  as  its  composition 
would  indicate.  It  contains  only  1  per  cent,  of 
carbonate  of  lime. 

Phosphate  of  lime  has  also  been  given  in  osteo- 
malacia, from  a  presumption  that  the  disease  is 
owing  to  a  deficiency  of  earthy  matter  in  the 


CORNUA 


244 


CORONARY 


blood,  which  is  doubtless  an  error — the  fault  being 
in  the  agents  of  assimilation  or  the  cells  of  nu- 
trition. With  as  little  propriety,  it  has  been  pro- 
posed as  an  excitant  to  the  healthy  action  of  the 
cells  in  tuberculosis. 

Bone  earth  is  usually  sold  in  the  shops  for  burnt 
hartshorn. 

The  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia  has  a  Calcis  pJios- 
phas  prmcipita'tum,  prepared  by  dissolving  burnt 
ox  bones  in  muriatic  acid,  and  precipitating  by 
solution  of  ammonia.  The  dried  precipitate, 
called  hone  pTiosphate  of  lime,  has  no  virtues  not 
possessed  by  the  cornu  ustum. 

Hartshorn  was  once  supposed  to  possess  a  be- 
zoardic  power. 

CoRNij  Cervinum,  Cervus,  Plantago  corono- 
pus. 

CoRNTT  Descex'dens  Ventric'uli  Latera'lis, 
(F.)  Come  descendante  ou  inferievre  du  ventricide 
lateral,  Dirf'ital  Cav'ity,  Descending  or  inferior 
cornu  of  the  lateral  ventricle.  The  termination 
of  the  lateral  ventricle  in  the  middle  lobe  of  the 
brain,  behind  the  tissure  of  Sylvius. 

CoRXU  Ethmoidal,  Turbinated  bone,  middle — 
c.  Middle,  Turbinated  bone,  middle. 

CoRxu  Poste'rius  seu  Posti'cum  Ventric'uli 
Latera'lis,  Cavitas  digita'ta,  Posterior  Cornu 
of  the  Lateral  Ventricle.  (F.)  Come  posterieure 
dii  ventricide  lateral.  The  triangular  prolonga- 
tion of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain  into  the 
substance  of  the  occipital  lobe. 

CoRNtT  Eupica'pr^,  (F.)  Come  de  Chamois. 
The  horn  of  the  chamois.  It  has  the  same  pro- 
perties as  the  Cornu  Cervi. 

CORNUA,  Turbinated  bones. 

Cornua Cartilag"i>;is Thyroide^,  {'F.)Cornes 
du  Cartilage  thyro'ide.  Eminences  on  the  thyroid 
cartilage,  distinguished  into  great  or  superior, 
which  are  articulated  with  the  great  cornu  of  the 
OS  hyoides  ; — ^^and  into  small  or  inferior,  united 
with  the  cricoid  cartilage. 

CorxTjA  Coccy'giS,  Cornua  of  the  Coccyx,  (F.) 
Comes  du  Coccyx.  Two  small,  tubercular  emi- 
nences at  the  base  of  the  coccyx,  which  are 
articulated  with  those  of  the  sacrum. 

Cornua  Cutanea,  Horny  excrescences. 

Cornua  Htoidei  Ossis,  Badi'ces  ossis  hyoVdei, 
Cornua  of  the  Hyoid  Bone,  (F.)  Comes  de 
I'hyo'ide.  Four  fragments  of  the  os  hyoides, 
situate  above  the  body  of  the  bone,  and  distin- 
guished into  the  sm.all  or  supierior,  and  the  great 
or  lateral. 

Cornua  Lacrymalta,  Lachrymal  ducts  —  c. 
Limacum,  Lachrymal  ducts,  see  Lachrymal 
pun  eta. 

Cornua  Sacra'lia,  Cornua  of  the  Sacrum. 
Two  tubercles,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  in- 
ferior surface  of  the  sacrum,  which  are  some- 
times united. 

Cornua,  Sphenoidal,  see  Sphenoidalia  cornua 
— c.  Styloid,  see  Hyoides,  os. 

Cornua  U'teri,  Cornua  of  the  U'terus,  Cermm, 
Kepaiai,  Plec'tanm,  (P.)  Gomes  de  la  Matrice.  The 
angles  of  the  uterus,  where  the  Fallopian  tubes 
arise.  Sometimes  applied  to  the  Fallopian  tubes 
themselves. 

CORNUE.  Retort— o.  Tuhidee,  see  Retort. 

CORNUMUSA,  Retort. 

CORNUS  ALTERXIPO'LIA,  AUemate-leaved 
Cornel;  indigenous.  Nat.  Ord.  Cornacese.  The 
bark  is  one  of  the  "Shaker  medicines,"  being 
considered  diaphoretic  and  astringent. 

Cornus  Amomus,  C.  sericea  —  c.  Blueberried, 
C.  sericea. 

GoRNUS  Circina'ta,  0.  tomento'sn.  Round- 
leaved  Cornel  or  Dogwood,  (F.)  Cornoniller  d  feu- 
illes  arrondies.  Order,  CornaeeEe.  The  bark  of 
this  variety  has  been  used  for  similar  purposes 
with  the  nest. 


CoRNUS  Flor'ida,  Dogwood,  Dogtree,  Boxtree, 
Bitter  Bedberry,Large-Jloicered  Cornel, MaleCreat- 
fowered  Dogwood,  Florida  Dogwood,  Virginian 
Dog^Dood,  Boxwood  {New  England),  (P.)  Cor- 
nouiller,  Cornier,  C.  a.  grandes  Jleurs.  The  bark 
of  this  beautiful  tree,  which  grows  everywhere  in 
the  United  States,  has  been  long  employed  as  a 
substitute  for  cinchona.  Dose,  from  ,^ss  to  3J- 
Its  active  principle  has  been  separated  from  it, 
and  received  the  name  of  Comine. 

CoRNUs  Femina,  C.  sericea — c.  Mas  odorata, 
Laurus  sassafras. 

Cornus  Panicula'ta,  Pan'icled  or  White  Cor- 
nel or  Dogwood,  indigenous,  has  been  used  as  a 
substitute  for  Cornus  Florida. 

Cornus  RubiginosAj  C.  sericea — c.  Sanguinea, 
Sebestina,  C.  sericea. 

Cornus  Seri'cea,  C.  amo'mus  seu  fe'mina  seu 
ruhigino'sa  seu  Sanguin'ea,  Swamp  Dogwood, 
Red  Willoxo,  Rose  Willorc,  New  England  Dog- 
lEood,  Female  Dogwood,  Silky-leaved  Dogwood, 
American  Red-rod  Cornel,  Red-rod,  Red  O'sier, 
Blueberried  Dogwood,  Blueberried  Cornus,  (P.) 
CornouiUer  soyeux.  The  bark,  it  is  said,  has 
been  found  little  inferior  to  Cinchona  Pallida  in 
intermittents. — Barton. 

Cornus  Tomentosa,  C.  circinata. 

CORNUTA,  Retort. 

CORODIALTSIS,  see  Coretomia. 

COROLLA  INFUNDIBULIPORMIS,  see 
Tube,  Fallopian. 

CORONA,  Crown  —  c.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  body  — 
c.  Dentis,  Crown  of  a  tooth  —  c.  Glandis,  Crown 
of  the  glans — c.  Posterior  uln^.  Olecranon. 

Coro'na  Ra'dians,  Ra'diating  Croion  of  Reil. 
Fasciculi  of  white  fibres  radiate  in  all  directions 
from  every  part  of  the  surface  of  the  optic  thala- 
mus, excepting  its  inner  side,  which  is  free  and 
corresponds  to  the  third  ventricle ;  the  anterior 
of  these  fibres  pass  directly  forwards,  the  middle 
fibres  outwards,  and  the  posterior  backwards, 
forming  the  coro'na  ra'dians. 

Corona  Regia,  Trifolium  melilotus — e.  Ulnae, 
Olecranon — c.  Veneris,  Crown  of  Venus. 

CORONA  CILIARIS  MEMBRANULA,  Cili- 
ary zone — c.  Palpebrarum,  see  Tarsus. 

"CORONAD,  see  Coronal  Aspect. 

CORO'NAL,  Corona'lis,  Corona'rivs.  Relating 
to  the  crown  /  from  corona,  'a  crown.'  A  name 
formerly  given  to  the  frontal  bone,  because  on  it 
partly  reposes  the  crown  of  kings. 

Coronal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
plane  of  the  corona  or  crown  of  the  head.  Coro- 
nad  is  used  adverbially  to  signify  'towards  the 
coronal  aspect.' — Barclay. 

Coronal  Suture,  Sutu'ra  corona'lis,  S.  Fronto- 
parieta'lis,  Puppis  Sutu'ra,  S.  Arcua'lis.  The 
suture  of  the  head,  which  extends  from  one  tem- 
poral bone  to  the  other,  over  the  crown  of  the 
head,  and  unites  the  parietal  bones  with  the 
frontal.  The  Suture  Coronale  of  the  French 
anatomists  is  the  suture  which  unites  the  two 
halves  of  the  os  frontis  at  the  early  period  of  life. 
It  is  a  prolongation  of  the  sagittal. 

CORONALE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  found  near  Lucca,  in  Italy. 
They  received  their  name  from  an  erroneous 
notion,  that  they  are  particularly  adapted  for 
curing  diseases  of  the  os  frontis.  Their  tempe- 
rature is  95°  Fahrenheit.  They  contain  free 
carbonic  acid,  sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
chlorides  of  sodium  and  magnesium,  &c.,  and 
some  iron. 

CORONARIUS,  Coronal. 

COR'ONART,  Corona'riiis,  (P.)  Coronaire, 
from  corona,  'a  crown.'     Resembling  a  crown. 

Cor'onary  Artery  op  the  Stomach,  Arte'ria 
Corona'ria  Ventric'uli  seu  Gas'trica  supe'rior, 
(P.)  Art^re  coronaire  stomachique,  A.  Stomogns- 


CORONCION 


2  45 


CORPORA   STRIATA 


trique  (Ch.),  is  one  of  the  branches  of  the  coeliac, 
which  passes  towards  the  superior  orifice  of  the 
stomach,  extends  along  its  lesser  curvature,  and 
ends  by  anastomosing  with  the  pyloric  branch 
of  the  hepatic.  This  artery  furnishes  branches 
to  the  inferior  part  of  the  oesophagus,  the  cardiac 
orifice,  the  great  cul-de-sac,  the  middle  part  of 
the  stomach,  the  lesser  omentum,  and  anasto- 
moses with  the  other  arteries  of  those  organs. 

CoROXARY  LiGAJiENT  of  the  liver  is  a  reflection 
of  the  peritoneum,  which  surrounds  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  liver.  The  same  term  is  likewise 
applied  to  ligaments  which  unite  the  radius  and 
ulna. 

Coronary  Plexus  of  the  Heart.  The  ante- 
rior and  posterior  coronary  plexuses  of  the  heart 
are  derived  from  the  anterior  and  posterior  car- 
diac plexuses.     See  Cardiac  Plexus. 

Coronary  Plexus  of  the  Stomach.  This 
plexus  of  nerves  is  given  off  from  the  upper  part 
of  the  solar  plexus. 

Coronary  Sinus  op  the  Heart,  Sinus,  coro- 
nary, venous  —  c.  Sinus  of  Ridley,  Sinus  corona- 
rius. 

Coronary  Tendons,  Ten'dines  corona'ricB. 
The  fibro-cartilaginous  rings  at  the  orifices  of  the 
coronary  arteries  and  aorta. 

Coronary  Vein  of  the  Stomach,  Vena  Coro- 
na'ria  Ventrie'uli,  accompanies  the  artery,  and 
terminates  in  the  vena  porta.  Sommering,  and 
some  other  anatomists,  call  all  the  four  arteries 
of  the  stomach  Corona' ria  Stomach' iem. 
CORONCIOIv^,  Coreoncion. 
CORO'NE,  from  ogwviq,  'a  crow.'  The  coro- 
noid  process  of  the  lower  jaw. 

COR'OXOID,  Corono'i'des,  frOTa  Kopuivij,  'a 
crow,'  and  eiSog,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Re- 
sembling the  beak  of  a  crow.  The  name  has 
been  given  to  two  processes.  One,  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  ramus  of  the  os 
maxillare  inferius,  and  affording  attachment  to 
the  temporal  muscles  :  the  other,  called,  also, 
sharp  process,  situate  at  the  superior  part  of  the 
ulna,  anterior  to  the  great  sigmoid  fossa,  and 
forming  a  part  of  the  hinge  of  the  elbow-joint. 
COROXOPODIUM,  Piautago  eoronopus. 
COROXOPUS,  Cochlearia  eoronopus  — c.  De- 
pressus,  Cochlearia  eoronopus — c.  Ruellii,  Coch- 
learia eoronopus  —  c.  Vulgaris,  Cochlearia  eoro- 
nopus. 

COROTOMIA,  Coretomia. 
CORP,  Cadaver. 

COP»,PORA,  see  Corpus  —  c.  Albicantia,  Mam- 
millary  tubercles. 

Corpora  Amyla'cea,  Corpus'cula  amyla' cea, 
Amyla'ceous or  Am'yloid  bodies,  Starch  cor'pnscles, 
Animal  starch.  A  name  given  by  Virchow  to 
certain  bodies  of  microscopic  size,  found  chiefly 
in  the  human  brain  and  spinal  marrow  —  in  the 
ependyma  ventriculorum  and  its  prolongations  — 
mingled  with  the  proper  nerve  elements;  and 
having  most  of  the  chemical  characters  of  cellu- 
lose. 

Corpora  Arantii,  Xoduli  Arantii,  Tubercula 
A. — c.  Bigemina,  Quadrigemina  corpora — c.  Can- 
dicantia,  Albicantia  corpora,  Mammillary  tuber- 
cles— c.  Cavernosa,  Cavernous  bodies — c.  Fibrosa, 
Corps  Fibreux. 

Cor'pora  Fimbria'ta,  Ta'nia  Hippoeam'pi, 
Fim'briated  or  fringed  bodies,  (F.)  Corps  Franges 
ou  Bovdes,  Bandelettes  des  Comes  d'Ammon,  Ban- 
delette  de  V Hippocampe.  The  thin,  flattened,  and 
very  delicate  band,  situate  along  the  concave  edge 
of  the  cornu  ammonis,  which  is  a  continuation 
of  the  posterior  crura  of  the  fornix. 

Corpora  GENtcuLA't'A,  (F.)  Corps  GenicuUs, 
C.  genouilles.  Eminences  situate  at  the  lower 
and  outer  part  of  the  optic  thalami.     Each  optic 


tract  commences  at  the  corp'us  yenicida'tum  ex- 
tern'um.  The  corpus  genicula'tum  intern'ura  is 
merely  a  tubercle  inserted  into  the  bend  or  knee, 
formed  by  the  corpus  genieulatum  externum. 

Corpora  Gloeosa  Certicis  Uteri,  Xabothi 
glandulee — c.  Lutea,  see  Corpus  luteum. 

Corpora  Malpighia'na,  Malpig'hiun  Bodies, 
Ac"ini,  Cor'puscles  or  Glom' erides  of  IFuJpiig'hi, 
Glomer'uli  rena'les,  Corpus'cula  ilalpig'hii.  Scat- 
tered through  the  plexus  formed  by  the  blood- 
vessels and  uriniferous  tubes  in  the  kidney,  a 
number  of  small  dark  points  may  be  seen  with 
the  naked  eye,  which  received  their  name  from 
Malpighi,  their  describer.  Each  of  these,  under 
the  microscope,  is  found  to  consist  of  a  convo- 
luted mass  of  blood-vessels,  which  constitutes 
the  true  glandule,  corpuscle,  or  glomerule  of  Mal- 
pighi. It  was  at  one  time  supposed  that  the 
tubuli  uriniferi  originate  in  them;  but  this  does 
not  appear  to  be  the  case.  Their  use  is  not  posi- 
tively known,  but  as  they  have  been  traced  by 
Mr.  Bowman  into  the  commencement  of  the  uri- 
nary tubes,  in  which  they  lie  uncovered,  it  has 
been  supposed  that  their  oiBce  may  be  to  sepa- 
rate the  watery  portions  of  the  blood  to  be  mixed 
with  the  proper  urinous  matter. 

Corpora  Majimillaria,  Mammillary  tuber- 
cles —  c.  Nervio-spongiosa  Penis,  Corpora  caver- 
nosa— c.  Xervosa,  Corpora  cavernosa. 

Corpora  Oliva'ria,  C.  ova' ta,Eminen' ti cb  Oli- 
va'res  seu  ova'les  latera'les,  OU'vce,  Prominen'tice 
Semi'dva'les  Medull'cB  Oblonga'tcB,  [Eminences  la- 
terales,  Ch.)  Oblong,  whitish  eminences,  situate 
at  the  occipital  surface  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
exterior  to  the  corpora  pyramidalia. 

Corpora  Ovata,  Corpora  olivaria — c.  Pisifor- 
mia,  Mammillary  tubercles. 

Corpora  Pyramida'lia,  Eminen'ticp.  pyrami- 
da'les  seu  rnedia'nm  inter'nm,  Pyrn'mides,  (F.) 
Corps  pyrarnidaux,  Pyramides  anterieures  (Gall)^ 
Eminences  pyramidales  (Ch.)  Two  medullary 
bundles,  placed  on  either  side  of  the  anterior  fis- 
sure. These  bodies  have  also  been  called  Cor- 
pora Pyramidalia  anti'ca,  to  distinguish  them 
from  the  C.  olivaria,  which  have  been  called 
Corpora  Pyramidalia  latera'lia. 

Over  a  space,  commencing  8  or  10  lines  below 
the  pons  and  extending  to  the  lower  end  of  the 
medulla  oblongata,  a  portion  of  each  pyramid 
crosses  to  the  opposite  side — decussation  of  the 
pyramids,  Decuss-a'tio  pyram'idum. 

Corpora  Pyramidalia  Posteriora,  see  Cor- 
pora restiformia^c.  Pyramidalia  testis,  Coni  vas- 
culosi— c.  Quadrigemina,  Q.  terbercula. 

Corpora  Restifor'mia,  Crura  seu  Pedun'culi 
medul'lcB  oblonga'tcs,  Corpora  pyramidalia.  pos- 
terio'ra,  Proces'sns  d  cerebell.'o  ad  meduW am  ob- 
longa'tam,  Posterior  pyramids,  Ped'vncles  of  the 
medul'la  oblonga'ta.  Inferior  peduncles  of  the 
cerebellum,  (F.)  Corps  restiformes,  Cuisses  pos- 
tericures.  Pyramides  posterieures,  Racines,  Bras 
ou  .Jambes  du  cervelet,  Petiies  branches  de  la 
moelle  uUongee,  Pedoncules  du  cervelet.  Two 
medullary  projections,  oblong,  and  of  a  whitish, 
appearance,  which  proceed  from  each  side  of  the 
upper  extremitj'  of  the  medulla  oblongata,  and 
contribute  to  the  formation  of  the  cerebellum. 
The  2}o^terior  pyramids — fascic'uli  gra"ciles — 
are  described  as  distinct  from  the  restiform  bodies. 
They  are  situate  in  contact  with  each  other,  one 
on  each  side  of  the  posterior  median  fissure.  They 
become  closely  applied  to  the  restiform  bodies, 
and  have  been  considered  to  be  blended  with 
them,  and  to  proceed  to  form  the  cerebellum. 
According  to  some,  they  ascend  to  the  cerebrum. 

Corpora  Stria'tA,  Grand  ganglion  superieur 
dn  cerveau  (Gall),  Couches  des  nerfs  ethmordaux, 
Corps  canneles,  Em.inen'ticB  Lenticula'res,  Collic'- 
uli  Nervi  Ethmo'ida'lis,  Ajp'ices  Crurum  medul'lm 


CORPS 


246 


CORPUS    MUCOSTM 


ohlonga'tcB,  Gan'glion  cer'ebi  ante'riu-s,  Anterior 
cerebral  ganglion,  (F.)  Corps  stries.  Pyriform 
eminences  of  a  slit^htly  brownish-gray  colour, 
which  form  part  of  the  floor  of  the  lateral  ventri- 
cles of  the  brain.  When  cut,  a  mixture  of  gray 
and  white  substance  is  seen,  arranged  alter- 
nately,-to  which  they  owe  their  name.  The  tract 
of  fibres  that  ascends  from  the  anterior  pyramids 
passes  chiefly  into  them.  Willis  considered  that 
the  soul  resided  there. 

Corpora.  Striata  Supeexa  Posteriora,  Tha- 
lami  nervorum  opticorum  —  c.  Triticea,  see  Hy- 
oides   OS — c.  Wolffiana,  see  Corpus  Wolffianum. 

CORPS,  Body — c.  Bordes,  Corpora  fimbriata 
— e.  Calleux,  Corpus  callosum — c.  Canneles,  Cor- 
pora striata  —  c.  Cuveriteux,  Corpora  cavernosa — 
c.  Cendre,  Corpus  dentatum — c.  Ciliaire,  Corpus 
dentatum  —  c.  Dentele,  Corpus  dentatum  —  e, 
Etranger,  Extraneous  body — c.  Festonne,  Corpus 
dentatum. 

CORPS  FIBREUX,  Corpora  Fihro'sa.  Eayle 
has  given  this  name  to  adventitious  fibrous  pro- 
ductions of  a  round  shape,  more  or  less  adherent, 
and  sometimes  having  a  pedicle,  which  form  in 
certain  parts  of  the  body,  particularly  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  uterus. 

CORPS  FOLLICULAIRE  YACmALE, 
Cowper's  glands  in  the  female — c.  Franges,  Cor- 
pora fimbriata  —  e.  Genictdes,  Corpora  genicu- 
lata  —  c.  Genouilles,  Corpora  geniculata  —  c. 
Godronne,  Fascia  dentata  —  c.  Humain,  see 
Body — e.  Hyahnde,  Corpus  vitreum — c.  d'Hyg- 
raore  ou  d'Highmore,  Corpus  Highmori — c.  Jaune, 
Corpus  luteum — c.  JLiqueux,  Corpus  mucosum — 
c.  d'Oken,  Corpus  WoliBanum — c.  Organises,  Or- 
ganized bodies —  c.  Pampini/orme,  Corpus  pam- 
piniforme — c.  Phacoide,  Crystalline — c.  Pyrami- 
daux.  Corpora  pyramidalia — c.  Restiformes.  Cor- 
pora restiformia — c.  Rhombo'ide,  Corpus  dentatum 
— c.  Stries,  Corpora  striata — o.  Thyroide;  Thyroid 
gland  —  c.  Variciforme,  Epididymis  —  c.  Yari- 
queux,  Corpus  pampiniforme,  Epididj-mis  —  e. 
Yitre,  Corpus  vitreum  —  c.  de  Wolff,  Corpus 
Wolfiianum. 

CORPSE.  Cadaver. 

CORP'ULENT,  Corpulen'tus,  Obe'sus,  Crassiis, 
Fat,  Fleshy,  (Sc.)  Corssy,  (Prov.)  Sobby ;  from 
corpus,  'the  body,'  and  lentits,  'thick.'  Having 
an  unusual  development  of  fat  or  flesh  in  propor- 
tion to  the  frame  of  the  body. 

CORPULEX'TIA,  Cor'pulenee,  is  synonymous 
■with  Obesity  and  Poli/sarcia. 

Corpulentia  Carxosa,  Torositas. 

CORPUS,  Soma,  a  Body.  Any  object  which 
strikes  one  or  more  of  our  senses.  Gases,  liquids, 
metals,  vegetables,  animals,  are  so  many  bodies. 
Natural  bodies  have  been  divided  into  animal, 
vegetable,  and  mineral :  or  into  inorganic,  includ- 
ing the  mineral  kingdom ;  and  organised,  includ- 
ing the  animal  and  vegetable.  The  chief  differ- 
ences between  organized  and  inorganic  bodies 
consists  in  the  former  having  an  origin  by  gene- 
ration, growth  by  nutrition,  and  termination  by 
death;  the  latter  a  fortuitous  origin,  external 
growth,  and  a  termination  by  chemical  or  mecha- 
nical force. 

Many  parts  of  the  frame  have,  also,  been  dis- 
tinguished by  this  name,  as  Corpus  Callosum,  C. 
3Iucosum,  &c.     See  Body. 

Corpus  Adexiforme,  Prostate— c.  Adenoides, 
Prostate  —  c.  Adiposum,  Pinguedo  —  c.  Alienum, 
Extraneous — o.  Annulare,  Pons  varolii. 

Corpus  Callo'sum,  Commissu'ra  Magna  seu 
max'ima  cer'ebri,  Trabs  Jledulla'ris  seu  Cer'ebri, 
Trabec'ula  seu  Cop'ula  magna  cer'ebri,  (F.)  Corps 
Calleux,  Youte  mednllaire,  Plafond  des  ventri- 
cules  du  cerveau,  3Iesolobe  (Ch.)  A  white,  me- 
dullary band,  perceived  on  separating  the  two 
hemispheres  of  the  brain,  which  it  connects  with 


each  other.  La  Peyronie  regarded  it  as  the  seat 
of  the  soul.  On  it  are  seen  longitudinal  and 
transverse  fibres — Stria  longitudina'les  Lancis'ii, 
(see  Raphe,)  and  Stria  seu  Chor'dce  transvcr' sales 
Willis'ii,  The  anterior  portion,  which  bends 
downwards,  is  termed  genu  ;  the  posterior  flexure, 
sple'nium,  tuber,  (F.),  bourrelet.  The  fibres  which 
curve  backwards  into  the  posterior  lobes  from 
the  posterior  border  of  the  corpus  callosum,  have 
been  termed  Forceps ;  those  which  pass  directly 
outwards  into  the  middle  lobes  from  the  same 
point,  Tape'tum ;  and  those  which  curve  for- 
wards and  inwards  from  the  anterior  border  to 
the  anterior  lohe,  forceps  anterior. 

Corpus  Ciliare,  Ciliary  Body,  Corpus  denta- 
tum, see  Ciliary — c.  Cinereum,  Corpus  dentatum 
— c.  Conoides,  Pineal  gland  —  c.  Crystalloides, 
Crystalline. 

Corpus  DE'STA'TVii,  C.  Denticida'tum  seu  Cili- 
a're,  (F.)  Corps  dentele  ou  festonne.  A  central, 
oval  nucleus,  of  cineritious  substance,  met  with, 
in  the  cerebellum  ;  the  circumference  of  which 
exhibits  a  number  of  indentations,  surrounded  by 
medullary  substance. — Vicq  d'Azyr.  It  is  seen 
by  dividing  the  cerebellum  vertically  into  two 
equal  parts.  —  The  same  body  has  been  called 
Corps  cendre  ou  ciliaire  ou  rhombo'ide.  Corpus 
Cine'reum  seu  Rhombo'ideum  seu  Rhombo'ida'le, 
Ganglion  du  cervelet,  Noyau  central  des  Pedon- 
cules  du  cervelet,  Xuclexis  dentatus  sen  fmbria'tus 
seu  centra'lis  seu  rhomboida'lis,  Substan'tia  rhoni- 
bo'idea,  Gan'glion  cilia're,  G.  cerebelli.  The 
term  Corpus  dentatum,  Nu'eleus  oli'rce,  is  also 
given  to  the  ganglion  of  the  corpus  olivare,  which, 
like  that  of  the  cerebellum,  is  a  yellowish-gray 
dentated  capsule,  open  behind,  and  containing 
medullary  matter,  from  which  a  fasciculus  of 
fibres  proceeds  upwards  to  the  corpora  quadri- 
gemina  and  thalami  optici. 

Corpus  Denticulatum,  c.  Dentatum  —  c.  Dis- 
co'ides,  Crystalline  —  c.  Externum,  Extraneous 
body  —  c.  Extraneum,  Extraneous  body  —  c.  Ge- 
niculatum,  see  Corpora  Geniculata  —  c.  Glandi- 
forme.  Prostate  —  c.  Glandosum,  Prostate  —  c. 
Glandulosum,  Prostate. 

Corpus  Glaxdulo'sum  Mclie'rum,  Gland'ulas 
Pros'tatcB  mulie'rum.  A  vascular  spongy  emi- 
nence, which  surrounds  the  orifice  of  the  urethra, 
and  projects  at  its  under  part. 

Corpus  HiGHJro'Ri,  C.  Highmoria'num,  Medi- 
astl'num  testis,  Jlea'tus  semina'rius,  (F.)  Corps 
d' Hygmore  ou  cVHighmore,  Sinus  des  Yaisseaux 
seminiferes,  (Ch.)  An  oblong  eminence,  along 
the  superior  edge  of  the  testicle,  which  seems 
formed  of  a  reflection  of  the  tunica  albuginea, 
through  which  the  principal  trunks  of  the  semi- 
niferous vessels  pass  before  they  reach  the  epidi- 
dymis. 

Corpus  IxcoMPREHE>rsrBiLE,  Thymus. 

Corpus  Lu'teum,  (F.)  Corps  jaune,  'yellow 
body.'  A  small  yellowish  body,  perceived  in  the 
ovarium,  and  left  after  the  rupture  of  one  of  the 
vesicles.  It  was,  for  a  long  time,  considered  an 
evidence  of  previous  impregnation  ;  but  Corpora 
lutea  are  met  with  in  unquestionable  virgins; 
although  the  corpora  lutea  of  virgins  have  been 
generally  regarded  to  differ  materially,  in  size 
and  character,  from  those  of  impregnation,  which 
have  been  called  true  corpora  lutea  in  contradis- 
tinction to  the  other,  called /uZse  corpora  lutea. 

Corpus  Muco'suji,  C.  reticula're,  Rett  muco'- 
sxim,  JIucus  seu  Rete  seu  Stratum  JIalpig'hii,  Re- 
ticulum cuta'neum  seu  muco'sum,  3fesoderm'um, 
IIucous  web,  (F.)  Corps  muqueux,  Couche  de  Mal- 
pighi.  The  second  layer  of  the  skin  has  been  so 
called.  It  is  situate  between  the  cutis  vera  and 
cuticle,  and  gives  colour,  to  the  body.  In  the 
white  varieties  of  our  species  it  is  colourless  ;  in 
the  negro,  black.     By  most  anatomists  the  exist- 


CORPUSCLES,    BLOOD 


247 


CORROBORANT 


ence  of  such  a  layer,  distinct  from  the  epidermis, 
is  denied. 

Corpus  Okense,  Corpus  Wolffianum. 
Corpus  Pampinifor'me,  from  pampimis,  'a 
tendril.'  C.  Varico'sitm  seu  pyramida'le,  Hede- 
rn'ceufs  plexus,  Plexiia  pampiniform' is  seu  vascii- 
lo'sus  funic'uli  spermat'ici  pamiyiniformis,  (F.) 
Corps  p)ampiniforme,  0.  Variqueux.  The  plexus 
or  retit'orm  arrangement  of  the  spermatic  arteries 
and  veins  in  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen,  anterior 
to  the  psoas  muscle. 

Corpus  Papillare,  Textus  Papilla' ris,  Corpus 
retictda're.  The  nervous  and  vascular  papillae 
situate  ijeneath  the  epidermis,  called  by  Breschet 
Meurothel'ic  apparatus. 

Corpus  Phacoides,  Crystalline — c.  Pituitare, 
Pituitary  gland  —  c.  Psalloides,  Lyra — c.  Pyra- 
midale,  Corpus  pampiniforme — c.  Reticulare,  Cor- 
pus mucosum,  Corpus  Papillare — c.  Ehomboidale, 
Corpus  dentatum — c.  Rhomboideum,  Corpus  den- 
tatum — c.  Thymiamum,  Thymus — c.  Thymicum, 
Thymus  —  e.  Thyreoideum,  Thyroid  gland  —  c. 
Turbinatum,  Pineal  gland — c.  Varicosum,  Corpus 
pampiniforme,  Spermatic  cord  —  c.  Varicosum 
testis,  Epididymis. 

Corpus  Spongio'sum  ITre'thr^,  Substan'tia 
spongio'sa  ure'thrm.  This  substance  arises  before 
the  prostate  gland,  surrounds  the  urethra,  and 
forms  the  bulb.  It  then  proceeds  to  the  end  of 
the  corpora  cavernosa,  and  terminates  in  the 
glans  penis,  which  it  forms.  Kobelt  describes, 
in  the  female,  as  the  analogue  to  the  corpus  spon- 
giosum of  the  male,  a  venous  plexus,  which,  as 
it  lies  between  the  glans  clitoridis,  and  the  part 
that  corresponds,  in  the  male,  to  the  bulb  of  the 
urethra,  he  terms  pars  interme'dia,  (F.)  Jiesenu 
interynSdiaire. 

Corpus  Striatum,  see  Corpora  striata — e.  Tri- 
gonum,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

Corpus  Vit'reum,  Humor  Vitreus  seu  Hya- 
lo'i'des  seu  Jiyal'inus,  Olacia'lis  humor,  Vitreous 
humor,  Vit'rina  ocida'ria,  (F.)  Corps  vitre  on  hya- 
lo'ide,  Humeur  hyalo'ide.  The  transparent  mass, 
of  a  gelatinous  consistence,  which  fills  the  eye, 
behind  the  crystalline.  It  is  contained  in  cells, 
formed  by  the  tunica  hyaloidea. 

Corpus  Wolffia'num,  C.  OJcen'se,  Wolffian 
body,  (F.)  Corjys  de  Wolff  on  d'Oken.  At  a  very 
early  period  of  foetal  formation,  bodies  are  per- 
ceptible, which  were  fi.rst  described  by  AVolff,  as 
existing  in  the  fowl,  and  in  the  mammalia  by 
Oken.  According  to  Miiller,  they  disappear  in 
man  very  early,  so  that  but  slight  remains  of 
them  are  perceptible  after  the  9th  or  lOth  week 
of  pregnancy.  They  cover  the  region  of  the  kid- 
neys and  renal  capsules,  which  are  formed  after- 
wards ;  and  they  are  presumed  to  be  the  organs 
of  urinary  secretion  during  the  first  periods  of 
fcetal  existence. 

CORPUSCLES,  BLOOD,  Globules  of  the  blood 
— c.  Bone,  see  Lacunae  of  Bone — c.  Caudate,  see 
Caudate — c.  Chyle,  see  Chyle. 

Corpuscles,  Exuda'tion.  The  organizable 
nuclei  contained  in  fibrinous  fluids,  which  are  the 
origin  of  the  new  tissues  formed  from  such  fluids. 
Corpuscles,  Gaxglion,  see  Neurine — c. 
Glandiform,  Acinus — c.  Lymph,  see  Lymph  —  e. 
of  Malpighi,  Corpora  Malpighiana  —  c.  Mucous, 
see  Mucus  —  c.  Nerve,  see  Neurine  —  c.  Osseous, 
see  LaounEB  of  bone. 

Corpuscles,  Pacin'ian,  (F.)  Corpuscules  de 
Pacini,  so  called  from  Filippo  Pacini,  an  Italian 
physician,  who,  it  is  generally  conceived,  first 
noticed  them  in  18.30.  They  appear,  however, 
to  have  been  depicted  in  1741  by  Lehmann,  from 
a  preparation  by  A.  Vater,  who  called  them  Pa- 
pilla and  P.  ne.rvem.'  Hence,  it  has  been  pro- 
posed by  J.  C.  Strahl  (1S48)  to  call  them  Vate'rian 
corxniscles  or  Corpuscles  of  Vater  (Vater'sche 


Kbrperchen.)  Smail  bodies  connected  with 
the  cutaneous  nerves  of  the  palm  and  sole.  They 
have  also  been  found  sparingly  and  inconstantly 
in  nerves  at  the  wrist  and  elbow ;  in  the  upper 
arm,  fore-arm,  and  thigh,  and  inter-costal  nerve, 
the  sacral  plexus,  solar  plexus  and  the  plexuses 
adjacent  to  it.  In  each  corpuscle  there  is  the  ter- 
mination of  a  nervous  filament.  Their  uses  are 
not  known. 

Corpuscles  of  Purkinje,  see  Canaliculus — c. 
Pus,  see  Pus — c.  Pyoid,  see  Pus — c.  Splenic,  see 
Spleen — c.  Starch,  Corpora  amylacea — c.  Tactile, 
Corpuseula  tactfis  — c.  Touch,  Corpuscula  tactus 

—  c.  of  Vater,  C.  Pacinian  —  c.  Weberian,  see 
Ejaeulatory  Ducts — c.  White,  see  Globules  of  the 
blood — c.  White  granulated,  see  Globulin. 

CORPUSCULA  ARANTIL  Tubercula  A.,  see 
Sigmoid  valves  —  c.  Glandularum  similia  intesti- 
norum,  Peyeri  glandulse  —  c.  Globosa  cervicis 
uteri,  Nabothi  glandula;. 

Corpuscula  Laennec'ii.  Fibroid  granula- 
tions, occasionally  observed  on  thickened  portions 
of  the  pericardium. 

Corpuscula  Malpighii,  Corpora  Malpighiana 

—  e.  Ossium,  see  Lacunae  of  bone — c.  Sanguinis, 
Globules  of  the  blood  —  c.  Seminis,  Spermatozoa 
— c.  Sesamoidea,  see  Sigmoid  valves. 

Corpuscula  Tactus,  Tactile  or  Touch  Corpus- 
cles, (F.)  Corpusctdes  du  tact,  Axile  bodies,  (G.) 
AxenKorper.  Bodies,  composed  of  a  horizon- 
tally laminated  mass  of  areolar  tissue,  which  are 
found  in  the  papillae  of  parts  endowed  with  great 
tactile  sensibility.  The  nerves  of  touch  communi- 
cate with  them,  and  their  function  is  probably  to 
render  the  sense  more  acute. 

Corpuscula  Triticea,  see  Hyoides,  os  —  c. 
Weberiana,  see  Ejaeulatory  Ducts. 

CORPUS'CULAR,  Corpuscula' ris.  Relating 
to,  or  containing,  corpuscles,  as  corpuscidar  fibrin. 
Fibrin  which  tends  to  disintegration,  and  consists 
of  granules  in  considerable  proportion. 

CORPUSCULES  CALC AIRES,  Lacuna  of 
bone — e.  Noirs,  Lacunse  of  bone — e.  Des  Os,  La- 
cunEB  of  bone — c.  Ramifies,  Lacunae  of  bone. 

CORPUSCULITM  ARANTIL  see  Sigmoid 
valves — G.  Conicum  Rosenmiilleri,  Parovarium — 
c.  Sesamoideum,  see  Sigmoid  valves. 

CORRAGO,  Borago  officinalis. 

CORRE,  Corse,  from  Ktipyi, '  I  shave.'  [?]  The 
temples  or  the  part  of  the  jaws,  which  it  is  usual 
to  shave. — Gorrasus. 

CORRECTIF,  Corrigent. 

CORRECTION,  Correc'tio,  from  corrigere, 
(con  and  regere,  rectum,  'to  rule  or  order,')  to 
correct.'  The  act  of  correcting  medicines;  that 
is,  of  diminishing  their  energy  or  obviating  un- 
pleasant effects,  by  mixing  them  with  substances 
which  mitigate  their  operation. 

CORRECTORIUS,  Corrigens. 

CORRELATION,  see  Synergy. 

CORRIGEEN  MOSS,  Fucus  crispus. 

COR'RIGBNT,  Cor'rigens,  Correcto'rius,  Cas- 
ti'gans,  Infrin'gens,  Emeu' dans:  same  etymon. 
(F.)  Correctif.  That  which  corrects.  A  corri- 
gent, in  a  pharmaceutical  formula,  is  a  substance 
added  to  a  medicine  to  mollify  or  modify  its  ac- 
tion. In  the  following  formula,  the  aloes,  if  not 
corrected,  might  induce  tormina.  The  Oleum 
3fenthcB  is  added  as  a  corrigent. 

R     -Aloes  5J 

Olei  Ilenthm  gtt.  v 

Syrup  q.  s.  utfianf  Pilules  xvj 

CORRIG"IA.  Akin  to  corium,  'leather.' 
Leathern  straps.  By  extension,  the  term  has 
been  applied  to  the  tendons  and  ligaments. 

CORROB'ORANT,  Corrob'orative,  Corrob'- 
orans,  Corroborati'vus,  Rob'orans,  3fuscula'ris, 
Restau'rans,  Restor'ative,  Bracing,  from  corrobo- 
rare,  {con,  and  robur,  '  strength,'}  '  to  strengthen.' 


CORROBOEANTIA 


248 


CORTBANTIASM 


CF.)   Corrohorant,   Corrohoratif.  Fortifiant.     Any 
substance   which    strengthens    and    gives   tone. 
Wine,  for  example,  is  a  corroborant.     See  Tonic. 
CORROBORANTIA,  Tonics. 
CORBOBORATIF,  Corroborant. 
CORROBORATIVE,  Corroborant. 
CORRODANT,  Corrosive. 
CORRODEXS,  Corrosive. 
CORROSIF,  Corrosive. 

CORRO'SION,  Corro'sio,  Diah-o'sis,  Analro'- 
sis,  Ero'sio,  from  con,  and  rodere,  rosum,  '  to 
gnaw.'  The  action  or  effect  of  corrosive  sub- 
stances. 

CORRO'SIVE,  Corro'dens,  Diahrot'ieus,  Cor- 
rosi'vus,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Corrosif,  Corrodant. 
Corrosives  are  substances,  which,  when  placed  in 
contact  with  living  parts,  gradually  disorganize 
them.  Caustic  alhalies,  Mineral  acids,  Corrosive 
sublimate,  are  corrosives.  They  act  either  di- 
rectly, by  chemically  destroying  the  part,  —  or 
indirectly,  by  causing  inflammation  and  gangrene. 
Corrosive  Poison,  see  Poison. 
CORRUGATIO,  Corrugation  —  e.  Cutis, 
Wrinkle. 

CORRUGA'TIOX,  Corruga'tio,  Synm'rema, 
from  con,  and  ruga,  '  a  wrinkle.'  AVrinkling, 
Frowning,  (F.)  Froncement ;  the  contraction  of 
the  Con-ugato'res  Supercil'ii  muscles.  Corruga- 
tion of  the  skin  is  often  owing  to  the  application 
of  styptic  medicines  :  it  is  rendered  by  them  un- 
equal and  rugous. 

CORRUGATOR  COITERII,  Corrugator  su- 
percilii. 

Corruga'tor  Supercil'ii,  from  corrugare,  'to 
wrinkle;'  same  etymon.  Mus'culus  sujiercil'ii 
sen  fronta'lis  verus  seu  Corruga'tor  Coite'rii,  Su- 
jiercilia'ris,  (F.)  Cutaneo-sourcilier,  Muscle  Sour- 
cilier  on  Surcilier,  31.  Fronto-Sourcilier.  A 
muscle  situate  in  the  eyebrows.  It  is  attached, 
bj'  its  inner  extremity,  to  the  superciliary  ridge, 
and  is  confounded,  externally,  with  the  oceipito- 
frontalis  and  orbicularis  palpebrarum.  It  carries 
the  eyebrow  inwards,  and  wrinkles  the  skin  of 
the  forehead. 

CORRUP'TIOlSr,  Corrup'tio,  Phthora,  Diaph'- 
tliora,  from  corrurnpere,  corruptum,  [eon,  and 
rumpere,  'to  break.)  'to  destroy.'  Act  of  cor- 
rupting. State  of  being  corrupted.  Reaction  of 
the  particles  of  a  body  upon  each  other.  It  is 
probable  that  something  like  corruption  may  take 
place  even  in  the  living  body.  The  word  is  used, 
at  times,  like  Boue  with  the  French,  in  a  vague 
manner  for  a  state  of  puriforni,  putrid,  or  other 
breaking  down  of  parts  or  humours.  'To  spit 
cornqyiion,'  is  a  vulgar  expression. 
CORSE,  Cadaver,  Corre. 

CORSET,  from  Corse,  (F.)  corps,  'the  body.' 
Stethodesni' ium,  Stethodesm'is,  Stethodesm'us,  Tu'- 
niea  Thora'cis,  Thorax,  Pectora'le.  An  article 
of  dress,  which  closelj"^  embraces  the  trunk,  and 
is  much  used  by  females  in  civilized  countries. 
When  corsets  or  stays  are  worn  very  tight,  many 
serious  evils  result  from  the  unnatural  compression. 
Different  bandages,  more  or  less  complicated, 
which  embrace  the  greater  part  of  the  trunk,  are 
likewise  so  called. 

An  orthopedic  corset  is  one  intended  to  obviate 
deviation  of  the  stature. 

CORSET  BE  BRASDOR.     The   name  of  a 
bandage  invented  by  one  Brasdor,  to  keep  in  situ 
the  fragments  of  a  fractured  clavicle. 
CORSST,  Corpulent. 
CORTALON,  Senecio. 

CORTEX,  Phloios,  Phloos,  PTilous,  Lemma, 
Bark,  (F.)  Ecorce.  This  word  has  often  been 
applied  exclusively  to  Cinchona:  thus,  we  say 
Bark — the  cortex  or  harlt,  kot'  e^o^rjv.  It  means, 
also,  any  bark. 

Cortex  AT)STRrN'G"EXS  Brasilien'sis.    An  as- 


tringent bark  introduced  from  Brazil  into  Ger- 
many in  the  j-ear  182S.  It  is  said  to  be  obtained 
from  Mimo'sa  cochleacarp'a  seu  virgina'lis.  It 
has  been  used  with  advantage  in  all  cases  in 
which  astringent  barks  in  general,  are  indicated. 
Dose  of  the  powder  Qj  to  Jss. 

CoETEX  Atco'Sioco,  Alcomoque  —  c.  Anisi  stel- 
lati,  see  Illicium  anisatum — c.  Antiscorbuticus, 
Canella  alba — c.  Aromaticus,  Canella  alba — c. 
Aurantii,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  c.  Canellae  Ma- 
labaricas,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Cardinalis  del  Lugo, 
Cinchona — c.  Caryophyllatus,  see  Myrtus  caryo- 
phyllata — e.  Caryophylloides,  Laurus  culilawan. 

Cortex  Cee'ebei.  The  Cor'tical,  Cinerit"ions, 
Yesic' ular  or  Gray  substance  of  the  Brain.  The 
gray  portion  observed  at  the  exterior  of  the  cere- 
brum and  cerebellum  ;  so  called  because  it  forms 
a  kind  of  bark  to  the  medullary  substance.  Gall 
considers,  that  this  substance  forms  the  nerves; 
and  therefore  calls  it  Substance  matrice  des  Kerfs. 

The  name  cortical  is  likewise  given  to  the  ex- 
ternal substance  of  the  kidneys,  because  it  is  of 
a  deeper  colour  than  the  inner  part  of  the  organ, 
and  forms  a  kind  of  envelope  to  it. 

CoETEX  ChacarilLvB,  Croton  Cascarilla — 
c.  Chinffi,  Cinchona — c.  Chinee  flavus.  Cinchonas 
cordifoliae  cortex — c.  Chinse  luteus,  Cinchonag  cor- 
difolise  cortex — c.  Chinse  regius,  Cinchonse  cordi- 
foliae cortex — c.  Crassior,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Culi- 
laban,  see  Laurus  Culilawan  —  c.  Culilawan, 
Laurus  Culilawan  —  c.  Eleutheriffi,  Croton  casca- 
rilla— c.  Flavus,  Cinchonse  cordifoliEe  cortex — c. 
Lavola,  see  Illicium  anisatum — c.  Magellanicus, 
see  Wintera  aromatica. 

Cortex  Ovi,  Cor'tical  membrane.  This  mem- 
brane, so  called  by  Boer  and  Granville,  is  usually 
regarded  as  a  uterine  production,  and  designated 
Becid'ud  reflex' o..  They  consider  it  to  surround 
the  ovule,  when  it  descends  into  the  uterus,  and 
to  enclose  the  shaggy  chorion.  It  is  absorbed 
during  the  first  months  of  utero-gestation,  so  as 
to  expose  the  next  membrane  to  the  contact  of 
the  decidua,  with  which  a  connexion  takes  place 
at  the  part  where  the  placenta  is  to  be  formed. 
In  that  part,  Boer  and  Granville  consider,  that 
the  Cortex  Ovi  is  never  altogether  obliterated, 
but  only  made  thinner,  and  in  process  of  time  is 
converted  into  a  mere  pellicle  or  envelope,  which 
not  only  serves  to  divide  the  filiform  vessels  of 
the  chorion  into  groups  or  cotyledons,  in  order 
to  form  the  placenta,  but  also  covers  those  cot}-' 
ledons.  This,  Dr.  Granville  calls  mentbra'na  piro'- 
pria.     See  Decidua  membrana. 

Cortex  Pallidus,  Cinchonse  lancifolis  cortex 
— c.  Patrum,  Cinchona — c.  Peruvianus,  Cinchona 
—  c.  Profluvii,  Kerium  antidysentericum  —  e. 
Ruber,  Cinchona  oblongifolisB  cortex — c.  Striata 
dentium.  Enamel  of  the  teeth — e.  Thuris,  Croton 
cascarilla  —  c.  Winteranus,  see  Wintera  aromaii- 
cum — c.  Winteranus  spurius,  Canella  alba. 

COR'TICAL,  Cortica'lii ;  from  cortex,  'bark.' 
Belonging  to  bark. 

Coktical  Matter  of  the  Braet,  Cortex  Cere- 
bri— c.  Membrane,  Cortex  Ovi  —  c.  Substance  of 
the  Kidney,  see  Kidney  —  c.  Substance  of  the 
Teeth,  see  Tooth. 

CORTUSA  AMERICANA,  Heuchera  cortusa. 

CORU.  An  Indian  tree,  the  bark  of  whose 
root  furnishes  a  milky  juice,  which  is  employed 
in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is  also  called 
Com  Canar'ica. 

CORUSCATIO,  Astrape. 

CORVISARTIA  HELENIUM,  Inula  hele- 
nium. 

CORYBAN'TIASM.  Corybiantias'mus,  Cory- 
bantis'mus,  from  KopvlSag,  one  of  the  Corybantes. 
A  name  formerly  given  to  a  kind  of  frenzy,  ia 
which  the  sick  were  tormented  by  fantastic  vi- 
sions, and  perpetual  want  of  sleep. 


CORTDALIS    BULBOSA 


249 


COSTO-XIPHOID 


CORTDALIS  BULBOSA,  Fumaria  bulbosa— 

c.    Canadensis,  Dicentra   Canadensis  —  c.    Cava, 

Fumaria  bulbosa — c.  Tuberosa,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

COR'YLUS,  (from  Kopvg,  'a.  helmet,'  from  the 

involucre,)  Corylus  avellana. 

CoRYLUS  Atella'xa,  Cor'ylus,  Bundurh, 
Avella'na,  Caryd'ion,  The  Hazel-nut  Tree,  (F.) 
Coudrier,  Noisetier  ;  Ord.  Amentacese  ;  Sex.  Syst. 
Monoecia  Polyandria.  The  nut,  —  Filbert,  (F.) 
Aveline  ;  Hazel-nut,  (F.)  Noisette,  —  of  this  tree, 
is  much  eaten  in  many  countries.  Like  all  nuts, 
it  is  by  no  means  easy  of  digestion.  It  is  the 
Nax  avella'na,  Kapvov  IIojvtikov,  of  the  ancients. 

Cor'ylus  Rostra'ta,  Beaked  Hazel.  An  in- 
digenous shrub,  N'at.  Ord.  Amentaceas ;  Sub-or- 
der, Cupuliferas  :  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Polyandria; 
the  nut  of  which  is  surrounded  by  a  coriaceous 
and  scaly  involucre,  terminating  in  a  tube  co- 
vered with  short  and  thick  bristles.  These  bristles 
have  been  given  as  an  anthelmintic  in  the  same 
cases  and  doses  as  mucuna. 

CORYMBETRA,  Hedera  helix. 
CORYNE,  Penis. 

CORYPHE,  Acme,  Vertex  — c.  Cordis,  see 
Mucro. 

CORY'ZA,  Grave'do,  Rhini'tis,  Catastacj'mos, 
Catastalag'mos,  Stillicid'ium  Na'rium,  Phlegnia- 
torrhag" ia,BlennorrhoR' a  nasa'lis,Blennorrhin'ia, 
Hes'tillatio,  Catar'rhus  ad  Nares  seu  nasa'lis, 
Bhinocatar' rJius,  Aiigi'nanasa'lis:  vulgarly,  'run- 
ning at  the  nose,'  ^  cold  in  the  head;'  (Prov.) 
Snurle,  in  French,  Rhume  de  cerveau,  Catarrhe 
nasal,  Enehifrenement ;  in  old  English,  Pose  or 
3Iur ,;  whence  J/ur;-e»  and  J/«/vai))  y  from  koqvs, 
or  Kaoa,  'the  head,'  and  ^tu,  'I  boil.'  Inflamma- 
tion, attended  with  increased  discharge,  of  the 
Schneiderian  membrane  lining  the  nose,  and  the 
sinuses  communicating  with  it.  The  affection 
generally  subsides  without  any  medical  treatment. 
Chronic  coryza  is  termed,  also,  OzcB'na  he- 
nig' na. 

CoRYZA  Entoxica,  Oz^na — c.  Maligna,  Ozsena 
— e.  Ozeenosa,  Ozjena — c.  Purulenta,  Ozsena — c. 
Scarlatinosa,  Rhinocace — c.  Ulcerosa,  Ozsena — c. 
Virulenta,  Ozsena. 

COSCINISMUS,  Cribration, 
COSCINOI,  see  Cribration. 
COSMESIS,  Cosmetics. 

COSMET'ICS,  Ars  cosmet'ica,  Callipis'tria, 
Cosme'sis,  (F.)  Cosmetique,  from  Koajiew,  'I 
adorn,'  '  I  embellish.'  The  art  of  improving 
the  beauty.  Cosmetic,  Stilbo'ma,  is,  also,  used 
for  the  different  means  employed  for  that  pur- 
pose;  as  the  compounds,  into  which  enter  the 
oxides  of  lead,  bismuth,  mercury,  arsenic,  &c. 
All  these,  however,  injure  the  skin,  and  often 
give  rise  to  unpleasant  cutaneous  affections.  Fre- 
quent ablution  with  cold  water,  and  bathing  are 
the  best  cosmetics.  Essences,  soaps,  and  all  the 
preparations  intended  for  the  toilet,  fall,  also, 
under  this  head. 

COSMETIQUE,  Cosmetics. 
COSMETOL'OGY,  Cosmetolog'ia,  from  Koa/teiv, 
'to  adorn,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  discourse.'     A  treatise 
on  the  dress,  and  cleanliness  of  the  body. 

COSMOS,  from  Koap.os,  'the  world,'' 'order,'  <fcc. 
The  order  which  was  supposed  to  preside  over 
critical  days.  Hippocrates  and  others  have  termed 
Koaiioi,  'bracelets,'  employed,  not  only  as  orna- 
ments {<oaii£iv,  'to  adorn,')  but  as  therapeutical 
agents. 

COSSA,  Haunch. 

COSSUM.  A  malignant  ulcer  of  the  nose, 
often  of  a  syphilitic  charaeter. — Paracelsus. 

COSSUS,  Cossis.  A  sort  of  white,  short,  thick 
worm  or  larve,  found  in  trees,  logs  of  wood,  <fcc., 
and  used  by  the  Romans  as  a  great  article  of 
gourmandise.  They  were,  also,  applied  to  ulcers. — 
Pliny.     The  term  hasj  likewise,  been  given  to 


small  vermiform  pimples  on  the  face  —  acne  — 
which  arise  from  inflammation  of  the  sebaceous 
follicles. 

COSTA,  Pleura,  Pleurum,  Pleuro'ma.  A  Rih, 
from  custodire,  'to  guard,'  'defend:'  (F.)  Cote 
old  French,  Coste.  The  ribs  are  24  in  number; — 
12  on  each  side.  They  are  irregular,  long,  bony 
curves  :  slightly  flattened,  and  situate  obliquely 
at  the  sides  of  the  chest.  The  intervals  between 
them  are  called  Intercos'tal  sjjaces,  (F.)  Es-paces 
intereostaux,  and  they  are  numbered  yirs«,  second, 
third,  &e.,  reckoning  from  above  to  below.  They 
have  been  distinguished  into  Costm  verm,  Pleu- 
rapoph'yses  of  Owen,  True  ribs,  (F.)  Vraies  Cotes, 
Cotes  sterncdes.  Cotes  vertebro-sternales  (Ch.),  and 
into  Costm  spu'rim,  Mendo'sm  seu  Notha  Costm, 
False  ribs,  Cotes  asternales  (Ch.),  Fausses  Cotes. 
The  trtie  or  sternal  ribs,  as  they  have  also  been 
called,  are  the  first  7 ;  which  are  articulated  at 
one  extremity  to  the  spine,  and  at  the  other,  by 
means  of  their  cartilages,  hmmapop>h'yses  of  Owen, 
to  the  sternum.  The  false  or  short  ribs  are  the 
remaining  5  :  the  uppermost  three  being  united, 
by  means  of  their  cartilages,  to  the  cartilage  of  the 
last  true  rib.  The  others  are  free  at  their  exter- 
nal extremity,  and,  hence,  have  been  called  Float- 
ing ribs,  Costm  fluctuan'tes,  (F.)  Cotes  Jiottantes. 
The  vertebral  extremity  of  each  rib  is  slightly 
expanded.  It  is  called  the  head  of  the  rib — Ca- 
pit'uluni  Costm  :  the  space  between  this  and  the 
tubercle  is  the  collum  or  neck.  Anterior  to  the 
tubercle  is  the  angle — An'gulus  seu  Cu'bitus  Costm. 
The  angle  is  the  part  where  the  bone  bends  to 
form  the  lateral  part  of  the  thorax. 

COSTiB  CAPITULUM,  see  Costa— c.  Fluetu- 
antes,  see  Costa — c.  Mendosse,  see  Costa — c.  Spu- 
rise,  see  Costa — c  Verje,  see  Costa. 

COSTAL,  Costa'lis,  from  costa,  'a  rib.'    Apper- 
taining or  relating  to  a  rib — as  'costal  cartilage.' 
COSTE,  Costa. 
COSTIVE,  Constipated. 
COSTIVENESS,  Constipation. 
COSTMARY,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 
COSTO,  from  costa,  'a  rib.'     In  composition, 
relating  or  appertaining  to  a  rib. 

COSTO -ABDOMINAL,  Obliquus  externus 
abdominis — c.  Basi-scapulaire,  Serratus  magnus 
— c.  Claviculaire,  Subclavian  muscle. 

COSTO-CLAVIC'ULAR,  Costo-Clavicida'ria. 
Belonging  to  the  ribs  and  clavicle. 

Costo-Clatic'ular  Lig'ament,  Cleidocostal 
Ligament,  is  a  fibrous,  flattened  fascia,  which  ex- 
tends, obliquely,  from  the  cartilage  of  the  first  rib 
to  the  inferior  surface  of  the  clavicle. 

COSTO-CORACOIDIEN,  Pectoralis  minor 
— c.  Senpulaire,  Serratus  magnus. 

COSTO-STERNAL,  Costo-Stema'lis.  Relating 
to  the  ribs  and  sternum.  The  articulation  of  the 
sternum  with  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  first 
seven  ribs. 

COSTO-TRACHELIA'^s^US.  Relating  to  the 
ribs  and  to  the  trachelian  or  transverse  processes 
of  the  neck.  Under  the  name  Costo-trache'lian, 
Chaussier  designates  the  anterior  and  posterior 
scaleni. 

COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS.  Relating  to 
the  ribs,  and  to  the  transverse  processes. — -Bichat 
gave  this  name  to  the  articulation  of  the  tubero- 
sities of  the  ribs  with  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  spine. 

C  0  S  T  0  -V E  R'T  E  B  R  A  L,  Costo-vertebra'lis. 
Belonging  to  the  ribs  and  vertebrae. — Bichat  gave 
this  name  to  the  articulation  of  the  head  of  the 
ribs  with  the  vertebrae,  and  to  the  ligaments  con- 
nected with  it. 

COSTO-XIPHOID,  Costo-xiphoVdeus.  The 
name  of  a  ligament,  which  unites  the  cartilage  '^f 
the  seventh  rib  to  the  xiphoid  or  ensiform  card- 
lag-e. 


COSTUS 


250 


COUM 


COSTUS.  From  the  Arabic.  The  ancients 
seem  to  have  given  this  name  to  several  plants. 
One  has  borne  the  appellation,  since  the  time  of 
Dioscorides,  —  the  Costus  Arab'icus  sen  In'dicHS 
seu  speoio'sus  sou  ama'rus,  dulcis,  orienta'Us,Amo'- 
mum  hirsu'tum,  Helle'nia  grandifio'ra,  Bank'sia 
specio'sa,  Tsia'na,  (F.)  Oanne  Congo,  Ganne  de 
Riviere  :  Family,  Amomese  ;  Sex.  Si/st.  Monan- 
dria  Monogynia;  the  root  of  which  is  aromatic, 
and  has  been  considered  tonic,  carminative,  diu- 
retic, emmenagogue,  &c.  The  virtues  of  the  an- 
cient costus  are  highly  extolled. — Theophrastus, 
Dioscorides,  Pliny,  Galen. 

Costus  Amarus,  &o.,  Costus — c.  Arabicus,  Cos- 
tus—  c.  Corticosus,  Canella  alba  —  c.  Hortorum, 
Tanacetum  balsamita — c.  Hortorum  minor,  Achil- 
lea ageratum — c.  Indicus,  Costus — c.  des  Jardins, 
Balsamita  suaveolens  —  c.  Kigra,  Cynara  scoly- 
mus — c.  Speciosus,  Costus. 

COSTYLE,  Cotyle. 

COTA,  Antbemis  cotula. 

COTARO'NIUM ;  an  obscure  term,  used  by 
Paracelsus  for  a  universal  solvent :  such  a  thing 
as  does  not  exist. 

COTE,  Costa. 

CO  TES,  COL  DES,  CoUum  costarum— c.  As- 
ternales,  see  Costa — e.  Fausses,  see  Costa — c.  Flot- 
tantes,  see  Costa — c.  Stemales,  see  Costa^c.  Ver- 
tebrosternales,  see  Costa — c.  Vraies,  see  Costa. 

COTIGNAC,  (pron.  cotinniac.)  A  kind  of  con- 
serve or  preserve,  prepared  from  quinces  not  en- 
tirely ripe,  and  sugar.  It  is  esteemed  stomachic 
and  astringent. 

CO  TON,  Gossypium  —  c.  Azotique,  see  Collo- 
dion—  c.  Fulminant,  see  Collodion  —  c.  Poudre, 
see  Collodion. 

COTONIA,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

COTTON,  Gossypium. 

COTULA,  Anthemis  cotula  —  e.  Foetida,  An- 
themis  cotula. 

Cot'ula  Multif'ida.  A  South  African  plant, 
which  is  used  by  the  Hottentots  in  rheumatism, 
scalds  and  cutaneous  diseases. 

COTUN'NIUS,  LIQUOR  OF,  Liq'uor  Cotun'- 
nii,  L.  of  Cotn(j'no,  Aquula  aciis'tiaa,  Aqua  audi- 
to'ria,  Per'ilifrnph,  (F.)  Lymplie  de  Cotugno.  A 
transparent,  slightly  viscid  fluid,  which  fills  all 
the  cavities  of  the  internal  ear,  and  of  which  Co- 
tugno made  mention.  It  is  also  called  Aqua  La- 
hyrinth'  i. 

COTURNIX,  Tetrao  eoturnix. 

COT'YLE,  Cot'yla,  Cotyle' don,  Cos'tyle ;  the 
same  as  Acetah'ulam.  A  hollow  cavity  in  a  bone, 
■which  receives  the  head  of  another  bone  :  parti- 
cularly 'the  cotyloid  cavity.'  KoruX?;  signified  a 
drinking  cup,  and,  indeed,  any  thing  hollow,  as 
the  hollow  of  the  hand. — Athenaeus. 

COTYLEDON,  Cotyle  — e.  Marina,  Umbilicus 
marinus. 

Cotyle'don  Orbicula'ta.  A  plant  of  South 
Africa,  Nat:  Ord.  Crassulacese.  The  fresh  juice 
is  used  in  epilepsy ;  and  Dr.  Pappe  speaks  well 
of  it.  The  leaves  form  a  good  application  to  hard 
corns.  Crass'ula  arbores' cens  has  the  same  pro- 
perties. 

Cotyle'don  Umbilt'cus,  C.  U.  Ven'eris,  Navel- 
wort,  Venus' s  Navelwort,  (F.)  Nonibril  de  Venus. 
A  plant  which  grows  in  Europe  on  old  walls  and 
rocks.  The  leaves  are  emollient,  and  applied 
externally  to  piles,  inflamed  parts,  <fcc.  Inter- 
nally, the  juice  has  been  given  in  epilepsy.  The 
flowers  have  been  used  in  calculous  cases,  and  in 
dropsy. 

Cotyle'dons,  {KOTv\riiiav,  '  the  hollow  of  a  cup,') 
Acetab'ula  uteri'na.  The  lobes  whieh,  by  their 
union,  form  the  placenta. 

COT'YLOID,  CofyloVdes,  Cotyloi'deus,  Cotylo'- 
des,    from   KOTv\n,    'a   drinking   cup,'  and  u&o^, 


'form.'  Resembling  the  ancient  kotvXti.  The 
name  of  a  hemispherical  cavity,  situate  in  the  os 
innominatum,  which  receives  the  head  of  the  os 
femoris  ; — Fossa  cotylo'idea,  Sinus  Coxa,  AcetaV- 
ulum  Pyxis. 

Cot'yloid  Lig'ament,  Ligamen'tum  Cotylo'i- 
deurn,  (F.)  Ligament  cotylo'idien,  is  a  very  thick, 
fibro-cartilaginous  ring,  surrounding  the  cotyloid 
cavity,  the  depth  of  which  it  increases. 

COTZ,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

COU,  Collum  —  c.  du  Pied,  Instep  —  c.  Gros, 
Bronchocele. 

COUCH  GRASS,  Triticum  repens. 

COUCHE,  Couches,  (F.),  from  coucher,  'to  lie 
down.'  This  word  is  used,  1.  For  parturition, 
accouchement  or  delivery  [puerpe'rium,  parturi"- 
iio  ;)  hence,  une  couche  heureiise,  'a  happy  deli- 
very;' tine  fausse  couche,  'a  premature  delivery :' 
and,  2.  For  the  time  during  which  a  female  re- 
mains in  bed  on  account  of  delivery, —  Tempus 
puerpe'rii,  the  child-bed  state.  The  Lochia  have 
been  termed  Suites  de  couches. 

Couche  also  means  a  layer,  bed  or  thalamus,  as, 

COUCHE  CELLULEUSE,  Membrana  granu- 
losa— c.  de  Malpighi,  Corpus  mucosum. 

COUCHER,  Decubitus. 

COUCHES  DES  NERFS  ETHMOIDAUX, 
Corpora  striata  —  c.  des  Nerfs  oculaires,  Thalami 
nervorum  optieorum — e.  des  Nerfs  optiques,  Tha- 
lami nervorum  optieorum — c.  Optiques,  Thalami 
nervorum  optieorum. 

COUCHING,  see  Cataract. 

COUCINEA  COCCINEA,  Cacoucia  coccinea. 

GOUDE,  Elbow. 

COUDE-PIED,  Instep. 

OOUDEE,  Cubitus. 

COUDRIER,  Corylus  avellana. 

COUENNE  (F.),  Cutis  suil'la.  A  term  given 
to  various  parts  of  the  human  skin,  which  are 
prominent,  hard,  brownish,  and  often  covered  with 
rough  hairs,  so  as  to  form  patches  not  very  unlike 
the  skin  of  the  hog.  It  is  a  malformation,  oc- 
curring during  intra-uterine  existence,  and  re- 
maining for  life.  See,  also,  Nsevus,  and  Corium 
phlogisticum. 

COUENNE  INFLAMMATOIRE,  Corium 
phlogisticum  — c.  PZet/j-eii^we,  Corium  phlogisti- 
cum. 

COUF.  Tussis. 

COUGH,  Tussis  — c.  Bronchial,  C.  tubal  — e. 
Root,  Trillium  latifolium. 

Cough,  Tubal,  Bron'chial  cough,  Tussis  bron'- 
chica,  (F.)  Toux  tubaire  ou  bronchique.  Cough 
is  so  termed,  when  the  succussion  communicated 
by  it  to  the  parietes  of  the  chest  is  very  energetic, 
and  a  sensation  is  experienced  by  the  ear  as  if  a 
column  of  air  was  traversing  tubes  with  solid 
walls,  with  much  noise,  strength,  and  rapidity. 

Cough,  Winter,  Bronchitis,  (chronic.) 

COUGHING,  Tussis. 

COUL,  Abscess,  Swelling. 

COULEE,  To  strain. 

COU  LEU RS  COMPLEMENT  AIRES,  Co- 
lours, accidental. 

COULEUVRE^,  Coluber  berus. 

COULEUVREE,  Bryonia  alba— e.  de  Virgi- 
nie,  Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

COULEUVRINE,  Polygonum  bistorta. 

COULISSE  (F.),  'A  groove,  a  gutter.'  Ana- 
tomists designate,  by  this  name,  every  deep  groove 
or  channel  in  a  bone,  in  which  a  tendon  plays ; — 
such  as  the  Coulisse  Bicipitale  or  Bicipital  Groove 
of  the  Humerus. 

COULISSE  BICIPITALE,  Bicipital  groove— 
c.  Humerale,  Bicipital  groove. 

COULOIR,  Colatorium. 

COUM,  Colchicum  autumnale. 


COUMAROUNA  ODORATA 


251 


COVE,  CLIMATE   OF 


COUMAROUNA    ODORATA,   Dipterix   odo- 

COUN'TENANCE,  Vultus,  Voltus,  Vhage,  (F.) 
Figure,  Visage:  from  cum,  'with,'  and  teneo,  'I 
hold.'  The  form  of  the  face.  The  system  of  the 
features. 

COUNTER  -  EXTEN'SION,  Contra-exten'sio, 
Antit'asis,  (F.)  Contre-extension,  from  contra-ex- 
tendere,  'to  extend  in  a  contrary  direction.'  It 
consists  in  retaining  firmly  and  immovably  the 
upper  part  of  a  limb,  whilst  extension  is  practised 
on  the  lower,  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxation. 

COUNTER-INDICA'TION,  CoiUra-M!dica'«/o, 
Antendeix'is,  Antendix'is,  Antideix'is.  An  indi- 
cation contrary  to  another.  (P.)  Contre-indica- 
tion.  Any  circumstance,  which  acts  as  an  ob- 
stacle to  the  employment  of  such  therapeutical 
means  as  seem  to  be  indicated  by  other  circum- 
stances. 

COUNTER-IRRITANT,  see  Counter-irrita- 
tion—  c.  Granville's,  (Lotion,)  Granville's  Coun- 
ter-irritant. 

COUNTER-IRRITA'TION,  Contra-irrita'tio. 
An  irritation,  excited  in  a  part  of  the  body,  with 
the  view  of  relieving  one  existing  in  another  part. 
The  remedies  used  for  this  purpose  are  called 
Counter-irritants,  and  form  a  most  valuable  class 
of  remedial  agents.     See  Derivation. 

COUNTER. POISON,  Antidote. 

COUNTERSTROKE,  Contrafissura. 

COUNTING,  METHOD  OF,  Method,  numeri- 
cal. 

COUP,  Blow — c.  de  Feu,  "Wound,  gunshot. 

COUP  BE  iMAITRE,  Tour  de  3IaUre  (F.). 
A  masterly  strolie  or  performance.  Applied  to  a 
mode  of  introducing  the  sound  or  catheter  into 
the  bladder,  which  consists  in  first  passing  it  with 
its  convexity  towards  the  abdomen  of  the  patient, 
and  giving  it  a  half  turn  towards  the  right  groin, 
when  its  extremity  has  reached  the  root  of  the 
penis  under  the  symphysis  pubis.  There  is  no 
advantage  in  this  mode  of  introduction. 

COUP  DE  SANG  (F.),  Blood-stroke.  A  com- 
mon term,  used  by  some  physicians  in  France,  to 
designate  the  loss  of  sensation  and  motion,  which 
results  from  hemorrhage  in  the  brain,  or  from 
simple  congestion  in  the  vessels  of  that  organ. 
See  Apoplexy.  Some  authors  have  comprehended, 
under  the  same  denomination,  different  hemor- 
rhages, which  occur  in  the  areolar  texture  of  the 
face,  lungs,  skin,  &c. 

COUP  BE  SOLEIL  (F.),  Siri'asis,  Seiri'aais, 
Siriasis  JEgyptiaca,  Ictus  solis  seu  sola'ris,  In- 
sola'tio,  Encephali'tia  insolatio'nis,  Phreni'tis  ca- 
lentu'ra,  Stroke  of  the  sun,  ^Egyptian  Starstroke 
or  Sunstroke.  Any  aifection  produced  by  the  ac- 
tion of  the  sun  on  some  region  of  the  body; — 
head,  hands,  arms,  &c.  A  very  common  effect 
of  exposing  the  naked  head  to  the  sun  is  inflam- 
mation [?]  of  the  brain  or  its  meninges,  Helien- 
cephali'tis,  which  Sauvages  calls  Cams  ah  Inso- 
latio'ne.  Morbus  solstitia'lis.  It  has,  also,  been 
called  heat  apoplexy  ;  although  the  morbid  pheno- 
mena observable  after  death  are  generally  not 
confirmatory  of  either  inflammation  or  apoplexy. 

COUP  BE  VENT.  A  windstroke.  The  ag- 
gregate of  morbid  phenomena  ascribed  to  expo- 
sure to  a  blast  of  air. 

COUPE-BRIDE,  Kiotome. 

COUPEROSE,  Gutta  rosea. 

COUPURE,  Cut,  Wound  (incised.) 

COURALIUM,  Coral. 
COURANTE,  Diarrhoea. 

COURAP.  A  distemper,  very  common  in  In- 
dia, in  which  there  is  a  perpetual  itching  of  the 
surface,  and  eruption.  It  is  of  an  herpetic  cha- 
racter, and  appears  chiefly  on  the  axilla,  groins, 
breast,  and  face. 


COURBARIL,  see  Anime. 

COURBATURE  (F.),  Acer'ha  lassitu' lo.  Vio- 
lent lassitude.  Fatigue.  An  indisposition,  charac- 
terized by  a  sensation,  as  if  the  limbs  were  bruised ; 
general  feeling  of  debility,  extreme  lassitude; 
and,  sometimes,  slight  fever.  It  appears  imme- 
diately aft§r  severe  exercise,  but  sometimes  not 
till  the  next  day.     Rest  removes  it. 

COURBURE,  Curvature. 

CO  URGE,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

COURMI  or  CUR  MI,  Kovpyn,  Kvpiit.  A  fer- 
mented liquor,  made  from  barley.  A  kind  of  ale 
or  beer. — Dioscorides. 

COURO-MOELLI.  An  Indian  tree,  the  bark 
of  which  is  said  to  be  anti-venomous. 

COURON'DI,  Conron'do.  An  evergreen  tree 
of  India,  the  juice  of  which,  mixed  with  warm 
whey,  is  said  to  cure  dysentery. — Ray. 

COURONNE,  Crown  — c.  Ciliare,  Godronni 
canal — c.  du  Bent,  Crown  of  a  tooth — c.  du  Gland, 
Crown  of  the  glans  —  c.  de  Maine,  Leontodon  ta- 
raxacum— c.  de  Saint-Jean,  Artemisia  vulgaris — 
c.  du  Trepan,  Crown  of  the  trepan — c.  de  Venus, 
Crown  of  Venus. 

CO URONNE  RA  YONNANTE  (F.)  A  term 
given  by  Reil  to  the  fan-shaped  terminations  of 
the  cruri  cerebri  in  the  brain. 

CO  UR  ONNEMENT  ( F. ) ,  Coro'na.  A  vulgar 
expression,  sometimes  used  to  designate  the  cir- 
cular ring,  which  the  os  uteri  forms  around  the 
head  of  the  child  at  a  certain  period  of  accouche- 
ment— the  head  seeming  to  be  surrounded,  as  it 
were,  by  a  crown.  The  head  is  then  said  to  be 
ait  couronnement. 

COURS BE  VENTRE,  Diarrhoea. 

COURSE,  Running. 

COURSES,  Menses. 

COURT,  Short. 

COURTE  HALEINE,  Dyspnoea. 

COUSIN,  Culex. 

COUSSINET,  Pad. 

COUSSO,  Has;enia  Abyssinica. 

COUTEAU,  Knife  — c.  d  Amputation,  Knife, 
amputation  —  c.  d  Cataracte,  Knife,  cataract — c. 
Courhe,  Knife,  crooked  —  c.  d  Crochet,  Knife, 
crotchet — c.  Besarticulateur,  Knife,  double-edged 
— c.  Broit,  Knife,  amputation — c.  de  Feu,  Cultel- 
laire  —  c.  Interosseux,  Knife,  double-edged  —  c. 
Lenticulaire,  Knife,  lenticular  —  c.  Lithotome, 
Knife,  lithotomy  —  c.  en  Serpette,  Knife  en  ser- 
pette — c.  Symphysien,  see  Symphyseotomy — c.  <i 
deux  Tranchans,  Knife,  double-edged. 

COUTOU'BEA  ALBA,  Ex'ucum  spiea'tum, 
Pi'crium  spiea'tum.  A  plant  of  Guiana,  which 
is  very  bitter,  and  is  considered,  in  the  country, 
to  be  emmenagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  antidys- 
peptic.  ^ 

COUTURES  PAR  LA  PETITE  VEROLE, 
see  Cicatrix. 

COUTURIER,  Sartorius. 

COUVERCLE.  see  Crucible. 

COUVERCHEF  (F.),  Cucul'lus,  Fascia' tio 
ctieuUa' ta,Scepaster' ium,Scepas' trum.  A  bandage, 
applied  to  the  head  for  retaining  certain  dress- 
ings, <tc.,  in  situ.  The  French  surgeons  distin- 
guish two  kinds  :  1.  The  Grand  Couvrechef  ou 
Servette  en  carre  {Cucid'lus  major),  which  is 
formed  of  a  napkin  or  large  square  compress ; 
and,  2.  The  Petit  Couvrechef  ou  3Iouchoir  en  tri- 
angle [Cucul'lus  minor),  formed  of  a  napkin  or 
other  square  compress,  folded  from  one  angle  to 
the  other  diagonally  opposite  to  it. 

COUVRECHEF,  see  Bandage,  Galen's. 

COVE,  CLIMATE  OF.  On  the  northern  side 
of  Cork  Harbour,  in  Ireland,  is  the  Island  of 
Cove.  The  town  of  Cove  is  on  the  southern  ac- 
clivity of  a  hill  running  from  east  to  west.  It  is, 
consequently,  sheltered   from   the   north  winds. 


COVOLAM 


252 


CRAMBION 


and  receives  the  full  force  of  the  sun.  It  is  one 
of  the  mildest  climates  in  Great  Britain,  and  cor- 
responds in  its  influence  on  disease  with  the 
south-west  of  England.  It  is  well  adapted  as  a 
winter  retreat  for  the  phthisical. 

COVOLAM,  CratcB'va  Marmelos.  The  bark  of 
this  tree  is  tonic;  the  unripe  fruit  is  astringent; 
but,  when  ripe,  is  delicious. 

COWBANE,  Cicuta  aquatica — c.  Spotted,  Ci- 
3uta  maculata. 

COWBERRY,  Vaccinium  vitis  idaea. 

COWCITMBER,  Cucumis  sativus. 

COWDEL,  Caudle. 

COWHAGE,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

COWITCH,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

COIVLADY,  Coccinella  septempunctata. 

COWMUMBLE.  Heracleum  spondylium. 

COWPARSNEP,  Heracleum  lanatum,  H.  spon- 
dylium. 

COWPER'S  GLANDS,  Ac'ceasory  glands,  (F.) 
Glandes  accessoires  ou  de  Cowper,  Prostates  in/e- 
rieures  ou  Petites  prostates.  Called  after  their 
discoverer.  Two  small  ovoid  groups  of  mucous, 
reddish  follicles,  situate  behind  the  bulb  of  the 
urethra,  before  the  prostate,  the  excretory  ducts 
of  which  open  into  the  bulbous  portion  of  the 
urethra.  They  are  also  called  Glan'dula  ante- 
pros' tatcB,  and  G.  pros' tatcB  inferio'res.  The 
terms  anterior  j^rostate,  and  anteprostatic  gland, 
are  generally,  however,  given  to  a  third  glandu- 
lar body,  occasionally  found  in  front  of,  and 
between,  Cowper's  glands. 

Cowper's  Glands  in  the  Female,  Gland'xdm 
Cowperi,  Glands  of  Duverney  or  of  Bartholin, 
Pros' tata  mulie'bris  seu  Bartlioli'ni,  Glandes  de 
Cowper  ou  de  Mery,  G.  vulvaire  eonglomeree  ou 
vulvo-vaginale,  Corps  folliculaire  vaginal,  are 
situate  at  each  side  of  the  entrance  of  the  vagina, 
beneath  the  skin  covering  the  posterior  or  infe- 
rior part  of  the  labia.  They  are  rounded,  but 
elongated,  flat,  and  bean-shaped  ;  their  long  dia- 
meter varying  from  five  to  ten  lines ;  their  trans- 
verse, from  two  and  a  half  to  four  and  a  quarter: 
and  their  thickness  from  two  and  a  quarter  to 
three  lines.  Like  Cowper's  glands  in  the  male, 
they  are  not  invariably  present.  The  secretion 
from  them  is  a  thick,  tenacious,  grayish-white 
fluid,  which  is  emitted  in  great  quantity  during 
sexual  intercourse;  and  is  probably  the  fluid 
supposed,  of  old,  to  be  the  female  sperm. 

COWPOX,  Vaccina— c.  Inoculation,  Vaccina- 
tion—  c.  Itch,  see  Itch,  cowpox  —  c.  Vesicle,  see 
Vaccination. 

COWRAP,  Impetigo. 

COWSLIP,  Caltha  palustris.  Primula  veris — c. 
Jerusalem,  Pulmonaria. 

COWSTRIPLINGS,  Primula  veris. 

COWSTROPPLE,  Primula  veris. 

COWTHWORT,  Matricaria. 

COWTREE,  CEYLON,  Gymneura  lactiferum. 

CowTREE,  OF  South  America,  Galactodendron 
utile. 

COWWEED,  Chserophyllum  sylvostre. 

COXA,  Haunch. 

COX.ELUVIUM,  Bath,  hip. 

COXAGRA,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea. 

COXAL'GIA,  Merocoxal'gia,  Osphyal'gia,  Os- 
phyolge'ma.  A  word  of  hybrid  origin,  from  coxa, 
'hip,'  and  aXyof,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  hip.  A  sign 
of  rheumatic  or  other  inflammation — Coxi'tis,  or 
of  some  disease  about  the  hip-joint.  See  Neu- 
ralgia femoro-poplitffia,  and  Coxarum  morbus. 

COXARTHRITIS,  Coxitis. 

COXARTHROCACE,  Coxarum  morbus. 

COXA'RUM  MORBUS,  Coxen'dicus  seu  Coxa'- 
rius  morlius,  Arthroc'ace  coxa'rum,  Coxarthroc'- 
ace,  Osjyhy arthroc'ace,  Coxal'gia  (of  some).  Hip 
Disease.  A  scrofulous  caries,  and  often  sponta- 
neous luxation  of  the  head  of  the  os  femoris,  oc- 


casioning permanent  shortening  of  the  limb, 
and  not  unfrequently  hectic  and  death  —  Ischio- 
phthisis. 

COXEN'DIX,  Haunch.  This  word  has  been 
used  synonymously  with  ischium ;  and  anato- 
mists have  also  applied  it  to  the  ilia,  Ossa 
Coxen'dicis. 

COXI'TIS,  Coxarthri'tis,  a  hybrid  term,  from 
Coxa,  'the  hip,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  hip-joint. 

COXO,  in  composition.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  the  coxal  bone. 

COXO-FEM'ORAL,  Coxo-femora'lis.  Belong- 
ing to  the  coxal  bone  or  ileum,  and  to  the  os  fe- 
moris.    Hio-femoral  has  the  same  signification. 

Coxo-Fem'oral  Articcla'tion,  Il'io-Femoral 
A.,  (F.)  Articulation  de  la  Hanche,  Hip-joint, 
(Prov.)  Hamch,  Locking,  Lonh.  The  head  of  the 
femur  and  the  articular  cavity  are  covered  by  a 
diarthrodial  cartilage  and.  synovial  capsule;  and 
by  a  very  strong  capsular  or  articular  ligament 
attached  to  the  circumference  of  the  cotyloid 
cavity,  and  to  the  neck  of  the  femur.  There  is, 
also,  a  round  or  interarticidar  ligament,  passing 
from  the  inferior  notch  of  the  cotyloid  cavity 
to  the  rough  depression  at  the  top  of  the  caput 
femoris  ;  and  a  cotyloid  ligament — a  sort  of  thick, 
cartilaginous  ring,  situate  on  the  edge  of  the 
cotyloid  cavity,  and  converting  the  inferior  notch 
into  a  foramen.  These  are  the  great  means  of 
union  in  this  extensive  articulation. 

CRAB,  As'tacus  Jluviat'ilis,  Cancer,  Gam'ma- 
rus,  Gam'harus,  Cam'marus,  (F.)  Crahle,  Ecre- 
visse,  Escrevice.  Class,  Crustacea.  A  shell-fish 
much  used  as  an  article  of  diet.  Like  other 
shell-fish,  it  is  apt  to  disagree,  and  excite  urtica- 
ria, &c. 

CRABE,  Crabyaws. 

CRABLOUSE,  Pediculus  pubis. 

CRABS'  EYES,  Cancrorum  chelse — c.  Stones, 
Cancrorum  chelae. 

CRABYAWS,  (F.)  Crale.  A  name  in  the 
West  Indies  for  a  kind  of  ulcer  on  the  soles  of 
the  feet,  with  edges  so  hard,  that  they  are  diffi- 
cult to  cut. 

CR ACHAT.  Sputum. 

CRACHEMENT,  Exereation— c.  de  Pus,  Vo- 
mica, Phthisis  pulmonalis — c.  de  Sang,  Haemop- 
tysis. 

CRACHOTEMENT  (F.),  from  cracher,  'to 
spit.'  The  frequent  spitting  of  a  small  quantity 
of  saliva. 

CRACKED  POT  SOUND,  Bruit  de  pot  feU. 

CRACKLING  OF  LEATHER,  see  Cra(iue^ 
merit  de  cuir. 

CRACOW  GROATS,  Semolina. 

CRADLE,  Sax.  cjiatsel,  Ar'culus,  Solen,  (F.) 
Arceau  ou  Archet.  A  semicircle  of  thin  wood, 
or  strips  of  wood,  used  for  preventing  the  contact 
of  the  bed-clothes  in  wounds,  fractures,  &c.  An 
ordinance  of  the  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  forbade 
mothers  and  nurses  to  sleep  with  a  child  near 
them,  unless  it  was  placed  under  a  solid  cradle 
of  this  kind,  in  order  that  no  accident  might 
arise  from  overlaying, 

CR-33'PALE,  from  Kpanra^rj,  Crap'ula,  'drunk- 
enness, surfeit.'  A  derangement  of  the  functions 
of  the  brain,  &c.,  produced  by  wine  or  any  other 
fermented  liquor. — Galen. 

CRAGBANE,  Clavicle. 

CRAIE,  Creta — c.  Bctrotique,  Baryta,  carbon- 
ate of — c.  Magnesienne,  Magnesise  carbonas — c. 
de  Plomb,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

CRAISEY,  Ranunculus  acris. 

CRAMA,  Kpafia,  from  xepaoi,  '1  mix.'  A  mix- 
ture of  any  kind.     Dilute  wine. 

CRAMBE,  Cabbage. 

CRAM'BION.  from  Kpajifiri,  'cabbage.'  A  de- 
coction of  cabbage. — Hippocrates. 


CRAMERIA 


253 


CRANIOLOGT 


CRAMERIA,  Krameria. 

CRAMP,  from  (G.)  krampfen,  'to  contract.' 
Crampns,  Enta'sia  systreni'ma,  Tet'anus  dolorif- 
icus,  Myospas'mus,  Spasmics  museula'ris,  MyaV- 
gia,  Bhege,  Rhegma,  Rhegmus.  (F.)  Crampe.  A 
sudden,  involuntary,  and  highly  painful  contrac- 
tion of  a  muscle  or  muscles.  It  is  most  fre- 
quently experienced  in  the  lower  extremities, 
and  is  a  common  symptom  of  certain  affections — 
as  of  Colica  Pictonwn  and  Cholera  ilorhus.  Fric- 
tion and  compression  of  the  limb,  by  means  of  a 
ligature  applied  around  it  above  the  muscles 
affected,  will  usually  remove  the  spasm. 

Cramp,  Scriveners',  Cramp,  writers'. 

Cra5ip  of  the  Stomach,  (F.)  Crampe  de  I'Es- 
fomac.  A  sudden,  violent,  and  most  painful  affec- 
tion of  the  stomach,  with  sense  of  constriction  in 
the  epigastrium.  It  seems  to  be  the  effect  of  the 
spasmodic  contraction  of  the  muscular  coat  of  the 
stomach,  and  requires  the  use  of  the  most  powerful 
stimulants  and  antispasmodics,  of  which  opium 
is  the  best. 

Cramp,  Writers',  Graphosjoaam'us,  Blogi- 
graph'ia,  (F.)  Crampe  des  Eerivains,  Scriv' enera' 
Cramp,  Stam'mering  of  the  Fingers.  A  condition 
of  the  fingers,  in  which  they  are  unable  to  hold 
the  pen,  or  in  which  one  or  more  of  the  muscles  of 
the  fingers  are  irregularly  and  irresistibly  con- 

CRA3IPE  DES  ^Ci?7F^IA^<S;  Cramp,  writers'. 

CRAMPE  DE  L'ESTOMAC,  Cramp  of  the 
stomach. 

CRAN  DE  BRETAGNE,  Cochlearia  armo- 
raeia. 

CRANBERRY,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos — c.  Al- 
pine, Vaccinium  vitis  idsea — c.  American,  com- 
mon, see  Vaccinium  oxycoccos — c.  Upland,  Ar- 
butus uva  ursi. 

CRANE,  Cranium  —  c.  Euniain,  Cranium  hu- 
manum. 


CRANE'S  BILL,  Geranium  — c.  Spotted,  Ge- 
ranium maculatum  —  c.  Stinking,  Geranium  Ro- 
bertianum. 

CRA'NIAL,  Crania'lis,  Crania'nus,  (F.)  Cra- 
nien;  same  etymon  as  cranium.  Relating  or 
appertaining  to  the  cranium  —  as  '  cranial 
nerves.' 

CRANIEN,  Cranial. 

CRANIOCELE,  Encephalocele. 

CRANIOH^MATONCUS,  Cephalamatoma. 

CRANIOL'OGY,  Cranios'copy,  Craniolog"ia, 
Cranioman'cy,  Phrenol'ogy,  Cranioscopj'ia,  C.  Gal- 
lia'na,  Encephaloscop'ia,  Doctri'na  Gallia'na. 
(F.)  Craniologie,  Cranioaeopie.  Words  intro- 
duced, since  Gall,  into  medical  language.  The 
first  two  terms  are  respectively  derived  from 
KpavLov,  'cranium,'  Xoyoj,  'a  discourse,'  and  aKontiv, 
'to  examine.'  They  signify  a  description,  or 
simply  an  examination,  of  the  different  parts  of 
the  external  surface  of  the  cranium,  in  order  to 
deduce  from  thence  a  knowledge  of  the  different 
intellectual  and  moral  dispositions.  Strictly 
speaking,  it  is  by  Cranioscopy  that  we  acquire  a 
knowledge  of  Craniology,  Organology,  or  Cran- 
(tlogy,  as  it  has  been  variously  termed.  These 
words  are  generally,  however,  used  in  the  same 
sense.  The  cranium  being  moulded  to  the  brain, 
there  are  as  many  prominences  on  the  bone,  as 
there  are  projections  at  the  surface  of  the  brain. 
According  to  Gall,  each  projection,  which  he  calls 
an  organ,  is  the  seat  of  a  particular  intelleotua.1 
or  moral  faculty,  and  all  persons  endowed  with 
the  same  faculty,  have,  at  the  same  part  of  the 
brain,  a  prominence,  which  is  indicated,  exter- 
nally, by  a  bump  or  projection  in  the  bony  case. 
The  System  of  Gall  is  made  to  comprise  27  pro- 
minences, which  answer  to  27  faculties.  The  fol- 
lowing Table  exhibits  these  supposed  organs,  and 
their  seat : 


Cerebral  Organs  and  their  Seat,  AccoRDme  to  Gall. 


1.  Instinct  of  generation,  of  reproduction  ;  ama- 
tiveness;  instinct  of  propagation;  venereal 
instinct. 

{^German.)  Zeugungstrieb,  Fortpflan- 
zungstrieb,    G  e  s  ch  1  e  c  h  t  s  tr  ieb. 

2.  Love  of  progeny  ;  philoprogemtiveness. 
(G.)  Jungenliebe,  Kinderliebe. 

3.  Attachment,  friendship. 
(G.)   Freundschaftsinn. 

4.  lyistinct  of  defending  self  and  property  ;  love 
of  strife  and  corahat ;  comhativeness ;  courage. 

(G.)  Muth,  Raufsinn,  Zanksinn. 

5.  Carnivorous  instinct;  inclination  to  murder; 
destructiveness ;  cruelty. 

(G.)  Wurgsinn,  Mordsinn. 

6.  Cunning ;  finesse ;  address ;  secretivenesa. 
(G.)  List,  Schlauheit,  Klugheit. 

7.  Desire  of  property ;  provident  instinct ;  cupi- 
dity; inclination  to  rohhery ;  acquisitiveness. 

(G.)  Eigenthumssinn,  Hang  zu  stehl- 
en,  E  insammlungs  sin  n,  Diebsinn. 

8.  Pride;  haughtiness;  love  of  authority ;  ele- 
vation. 

(G.)  Stolz,  Hochmuth,  Hohensinn, 
Herrsehsucht. 

9.  Vanity;  a7»bition  ;  love  of  glory. 

(G.)  Eitelkeit,  Ruhmsucht,  Ehrgeiz. 

10.  Circumspection ;  foresight. 

(G.)  Behutsamkeit,  Vorsicht,  Vor- 
sichtigheit. 

11.  Memory  of  things;  memory  of  facts ;  sense 
of  things  ;  educahility  ;  perfectihility  ;  docility. 

{G.)  Sachedaehtniss,  Erziehungs- 
fahigkeit,  Sachs  inn. 


Seated  in  the  cerebellum.    It  is  manifested  at  the 
J       surface  of  the  cranium  by  two  round  protube- 
j      ranees,  one  on  each  side  of  the  nape  of  the 
neck. 

•j  Indicated  at  the  external  occipital  protuberance. 

I  About  the  middle  of  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
I      parietal  bone,  anterior  to  the  last. 

Seated  a  little  above  the  ears,  in  front  of  the  last, 
and  towards  the  mastoid  angle  of  the  parietal 
bone. 

Greatly  developed  in  all  the  carnivorous  animals; 
forms  a  prominence  at  the  posterior  and  supe- 
rior part  of  the  squamous  surface  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  above  the  mastoid  process. 

Above  the  meatus  auditorius  externus,  upon  the 
sphenoidal  angle  of  the  parietal  bone. 

Anterior  to  that  of  cunning,  of  which  it  seems  to 
be  a  prolongation,  and  above  that  of  mechanics, 
with  which  it  contributes  to  widen  the  cranium, 
by  the  projection  which  they  form  at  the  side 
of  the  frontal  bone, 

j  Behind  the  top  of  the  head,  at  the  extremity  of 
)      the  sagittal  suture,  and  on  the  parietal  bone. 

I 

f  Situate  at  the  side  of  the  last,  near  the  posterior 

I      internal  angle  of  the  parietal  bone. 

Corresponds  to  the  parietal  protuberance. 


I  Situate  at  the  root  of  the  nose,  between  the  two 
1      eyebrows,  and  a  little  above  them. 


CRANIOLOGT 


254 


CRANIUM 


12.  Sense  of  locality;  sense  of  the   relation  of 
space;  memory  of  iilaces. 

(<?.)  Ortsinn,  Raumsinn. 

13.  Memory  of  persons ;  sense  of  persons. 
((?.)  P  er  s  0  n  ensinn. 

14.  Sense  of  words;  sense  of  names;  verbal  me- 
mory. 

(G.)  Wor  dge  dach  tniss,    Namensinn. 

15.  Sense  of  spoken  language ;  talent  of  philo- 
logy;  study  of  languages. 

((?.)  Sprachf  0  rs  chu  ngs  s  inn,  Wort- 
sinn,    Sprachsinn. 

16.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  colour;  talent  of 
painting. 

((?.)  Farbensinn. 

17.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  tones;  musical  ta- 
lent. 

(G.)  Tonsinn. 

IS.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  numbers;  mathema- 
tics. 
(G.)  Zahlensinn. 

19.  Sense  of  mechanics;  sense  of  construction ; 
talent  of  architecture  ;  industry. 

((?.)  Kunstsinn,  Bausinn. 

20.  Comparative  sagacity. 

((?.)  Yergleichender  Scharfsinn. 

21.  Metaphysical  penetration  ;  depth  of  mind. 
(G.)  Me  taphy  sischer  Tiefsinn. 

22.  Wit. 
((?.)  Witz. 

23.  Poetical  talent, 
(G.)  Dichtergeist. 

24.  Goodness;  benevolence;  mildness;  compas- 
sion; sensibility ;  moral  sense;  conscience; 
bonhommie. 

(G.)  Gutmuthigkeit,  Mitleiden,  mo- 
ralischer   Sinn,  Gewissen. 

25.  Imitation  ;  mimicry. 

(G.)  Nachahtnungssinn. 

26.  God  and  religion;  theosophy. 
((?.)  Theosophisches   Sinn. 

27.  Firmness;  constancy ;  perseverance ;  obsti- 
nacy. 

(G.)  Stetigkeit,  Festerginn. 

The  first  nineteen  of  these,  according  to  Gall, 
are  common  to  man  and  animals ;  the  remaining 
eight,  man  possesses  exclusively.  They  are,  con- 
sequently, the  attributes  of  humanity. 

Organs  according  to  Spurzhbim. 

1.  Amativeness.  —  2.  Philoprogenitiveness. — 
3.  Inhabitiveness.  —  i.  Adhesiveness  or  Attach- 
ment.— 5.  Combativeness. — 6.  Destructiveness. — 
7.  Constructiveness. — 8.  Acquisitiveness. — 9.  Se- 
cretiveness. — 10.  Self-esteem.  — 11.  Love  of  Ap- 
probation.— 12.  Cautiousness. — 13.  Benevolence. 
— 14.  Veneration. — 15.  Firmness. — 16.  Conscien- 
tiousness or  Justice.  —  17.  Hope.  —  IS.  Marvel- 
lousness.— 19.  Wit.— 20.  Ideality.— 21.  Imitation. 
—22.  Individuality.— 23.  Form.— 24.  Size.— 25. 
Weight  and  resistance. — 26.  Colour.  —  27.  Loca- 
lity.—28.  Numeration.— 29.  Order.— 30.  Eventu- 
ality.—31.  Time.  —  32.  Melody  or  Tune. —  33. 
Language. — 34.  Comparison. — 35.  Causality. 

A  fundamental  principle  with  the  Craniolo- 
gists  or  Phrenologists  is, — that  the  brain  does  not 
act  as  a  single  organ,  but  that  it  consists  of  a 
plurality  of  organs :  but,  were  we  able  to  admit 
this,  the  assignment  of  the  seat  of  different  facul- 
ties could  not  but  be  considered  premature. 

CRANIO.MANCY,  Craniology. 

CRANIOM'ETRY,  Craniomet'ria ;  from  Kpa- 
viov,  'the  cranium,'  and  /lerpov,  'measure.'  Mea- 
surement of  the   skull.    A   form   of  compasses 


Answers  to  the  frontal  sinus,  and  is  indicated  ex- 
ternally by  two  prominences  at  the  inner  edge 
of  the  eyebrows,  near  the  root  of  the  nose,  and 
outside  of  the  organ  of  memory  of  things. 

At  the  inner  angle  of  the  orbit. 

Situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  base  of  the 
two  anterior  lobes  of  the  brain,  on  the  frontal 
part  of  the  bottom  of  the  orbit,  so  as  to  make 
the  eye  prominent. 

Also  at  the  top  of  the  orbit,  between  the  preced- 
ing and  that  of  the  knowledge  of  colour. 

The  middle  part  of  the  eyebrows,  encroaching  a 
little  on  the  forehead, 

A  little  above  and  to  one  side  of  the  last ;  above 
the  outer  third  of  the  orbitar  arch. 

On  the  outside  of  the  organ  of  the  sense  of  the 
relation  of  colour,  and  below  the  last. 

A  round  protuberance  at  the  lateral  base  of  the 
frontal  bone,  towards  the  temple,  and  behind 
the  organs  of  music  and  numbers. 

At  the  middle  and  anterior  part  of  the  frontal 
bone,  above  that  of  the  memory  of  things. 

In  part  confounded  with  the  preceding.  Indi- 
cated at  the  outer  side  of  the  last  by  a  protu- 
berance, which  gives  to  the  forehead  a  peculiar 
hemispherical  shape. 

At  the  lateral  and  outer  part  of  the  last;  and  giv- 
ing greater  width  to  the  frontal  prominence. 

On  the  outer  side  of  the  last;  divided  into  two 
halves  by  the  coronal  suture. 

Indicated  by  an  oblong  prominence  above  the 
organ  of  comparative  sagacity;  almost  at  tha 
frontal  suture. 

At  the  outer  side  of  the  last. 

At  the  top  of  the  frontal  bone  and  at  the  superior 
angles  of  the  parietal  bone. 

The  top  of  the  head ;  at  the  anterior  and  most 
elevated  part  of  the  parietal  bone. 

used  for  this  purpose  is  called  a  craniometer,  (F.) 
Craniometre. 

CRANIO PATHI'A,-  from  Kpaviov,  'the  cra- 
nium,' and  iraflof,  '  disease.'  Disease  of  the  cra- 
nium. 

CRANIOPLAS'TT,  Cranioplas'tice,  from  xpa- 
viov,  '  the  skull,'  and  irXao-aoi,  '  I  form.'  An  ope- 
ration for  the  restoration  of  the  soft  parts  and 
bones  of  the  cranium. 

CRANIOSCOPY,  Craniology. 

CRANIO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spinal. 

Cranto-Spixal  Axis,  see  Encephalon. 

CRANIOSTENOSIS,  see  Microcephalus. 

CRANIO'TABES,  from  Kpaviov,  'the  skull,' 
and  tabes,  'wasting.'  A  softening  of  the  bones 
of  the  cranium,  and  a  consequent  thinness  of 
those  bones,  —  as  the  occiput,  (soft  occiput.)  — 
which  are  much  exposed  to  pressure.  It  is  a 
variety  of  rickets. — Elsasser. 

CRANIOT'OMY,  Craniotom'ia,  (F.)  Cranioto- 
mie;  from  Kpaviov,  'the  cranium,'  and  roiiri,  'in- 
cision.' The  operation  of  opening  the  head  in 
parturition. 

Craniotomy  Forceps.  An  instrument,  resem- 
bling the  lithotomy  forceps,  for  laying  hold  of 
and  breaking  down  the  bones  of  the  head  in  par- 
turition. 

CRANIUM,  Cra'nion,  Cranum,  CalvQ'ria,  Sea', 
phion,  Conchus,  Calra,  Olla  cap'itis,  Theca  cer'- 
ebri,  Brain-pan,  (Old  Eng.)  Pannilcell,   (Prov.) 


CBA3rOMA5CT 


CBEATIITE 


Harfip^.n.  the  alcTiII :  from  «<i<nof,  -'a  helmet,'  or 
from  fi.iva-1.  •hea.ir'  (P.)  Crane.  Jim  erillection 
of  honea  which  form'  the  case  for  ladgia*  the 
brain  and  ina  mimhraneaj  aa  well  aa  their  veaaela, 
and  some  ,jt'  nb*  nerrea,  Theae  botiea  are  eight 
ia  number  —  Tha  frryntrif,,  occipital^  two  parietetl, 
two  t.eiiprjrnL  che  «'".■?'', ii^i,  and  etimmd.  Beaidea 
Cheae,  there  mi^^-hc  he  d.-maitiereii,  aa  heloiigin*  to 
the  cranioia,  ate  iornuA  aphenoidalia,  the  honea 
of  the  ear.  and  she  aaaa.  Warmiana.  Dr.  Prichard 
haa  cbarai^teriied  the  primitire  forma  of  the  akisill 
aceoroling  to  the  width  of  the  Brerpna^  or  apace 
between  the  parietal  botiea :  \.  Tlie  Stene^tg- 
matey  (irr£]ia<;,  '  Boncnv/)/  or  EtiiiioiiMaiS  Tadety,  2L. 
The  Memhreg:mat>et  (^kovs,  'sMSie/}  or  Cxaaawa 
Taimtef;  and  S.  Xbe  Platgiireymife,  (ti:Jmtvs, 
'bcsa^')  or  MsaigoKaB  irarie4rf. 

CsubsnnK  HcxA'scn^  Hmmam-  CrafmiMm.  or 
5%w£L  (F.)  Gr&»e:  immam,  Tim  was  aactesllf 
maeh  nsed  in  preaeri^tzoss,  aad  waa  esBsidersd 
anti-eptIe|tCiey  alezipliarHtie^  aa£il!oliiBii^  £e. 

CUASOMAM'CYj  Crt*»>emamtira,  feom  jt^wtisv, 
'  the  heai,*  sbgI  funraa,  '^rrmatiea.'  (P.)  CVa- 
«<MH«f7»fiia,  The  atrt  of  divining — frota  the  inapec- 
tion.  of  the  head  or  eranirua — the  moral  diapoai- 
tiona  and  incllnationa  of  indiTidaala. 

CRAyROy,  CochleariaarmorafiiavC.  offieinalia. 

CRAY'S  SAC,  irCfTEEAL  WATERS  OF. 
Craxia3;2.i2  ia  a  village  in  the  department  of  Avey- 
ron,  ail  leagues  from  Rhodez,  which  poaaeaaea 
actdaloua  chalybeate  apringa,  that  have  been 
known  for  a  long  time. 

CRi3rTER,  from  K^amav,  "'to  finiah/  'reader 
-  irfect;.'   The  Dt:iM  Sapi&t'ti/s  haa  been  ao  eaMed. 

CRAyUif.  Graninm. 

CRAPULA,  Craepale. 

CRAQrEMEXT  DE  CUIE  WEJIF  (S.), 
.Vstmc-ijfs'eHiu',  'crackling  of  new  leather.'  A 
aoand  like  the  craekling  of  new  leather,  aome- 
times  beard  on  examining  the  heart  with  the 
stethoscope,  which  ia  aymptomatic  of  pericar- 
ditia. 

CRAQUEMEXT PULXOyjJJtE,  (¥.)  -Ptil- 
monary  crackTmg.'  TEsia  hntft  or  aound  eonaiata 
in  a  auceeaaion  of  sasaM.  cracklings,  heard  daring 
inspiration,  and  almost  alwaya  at  the  top  of  the 
long.  Ik  ia  heard  at  the  commencement  of  phthiaia. 

CRASI3.  from  rs^iavvfii,  "I  mix.'  A  mixture 
of  the  conatitoenta  of  a  flaid;  aa  the  crcma  of  the 
htoodf  iwiHOMi'8,  &«.  The  word  haa  also  been 
employed  in  a  more  extensive  aignifieation,  aa 
3ynoTiym.i:iti3  with  Coniitfsittion,  Temperamenif  &<i. 

CRASPEDO^T,  Staphyloedema. 

CRASS AilE^'TITM,  from  «?<«««,  -'thick.' 
The  thick  part  or  deposit  of  any  finid.  It  ia  par- 
(aealariy  applied  to  (ie  elot  of  the  blood. 

C-RAsa.4jrEynrsr  SA^srtyis,  see  Blood. 

CBASSE,  (J.)  Dirt  or  imparity.  A  sort  of 
layer  or  enditit,  which  co-vers  the  skm,  where 
cleanlinesa  ia  not  attended  to ;  and  wbdeh  ia 
aomedm.es  the  reaolt  of  ihte  emtmaeena  exbaia- 
tion ;  at  others,  of  extraaeoos  raatt^  aSSteoBg  to 
the  sarfaee  of  the  body. 

CPuASSETS'A-  A  term  by  wi^^  Pairae^sas 
desig'a;ited  the:  ssdEm^  pcttreseec^  smd  eorroaiv^ 
principles,  wMelr,  he  ^s/a^xH^  gare  ase  to  tHeexs 
and  tn  monrs  of  different  feiad^ 

CRASS^ITLA,  frota  anasaws,  'iStad^*  awiag  to 
the  thicknesa  of  its  leaves.    Sedsa  f^e^kaeam. 

CaAsarLA  AaB0EE3C'B:s3,  aee  GofrjpledoB  ocH- 
calata — e.  Portulacaeea,  c  Teteagsma. 

CBAa'SlTLA    TETRASO'Si.       A    licM^     Alyifffn 

aucculant  plant,  Ord.  Craasnlacese,  wMeii  is 
somewhat  aatringent.  Boiled  in  Hsilk  it  is  msed 
in  diarrhoea-  Craumda  porttdaea'eea  ia  aaid  to 
be  used  in  similar  cases. 

CRASS  US.  Corpnlent. 

CRAT-S'SFS  A'RIA.  from  Kjtemi,  'strength,' 
ftwing  to  the  hardness  of  the  wood.    Mea'pihn, 


M.  A' rift.  Aria  sea  3ofhH»,  S.  Aria  sen  Alp^nOf 
White  B^arh  Tree,  (T.)  AJiner  Mane,  ASauehe, 
Alonekier.  The  frriit,  which  ia  of  the  aize  of  a 
small  pear,  is  slightly  astringent:,  and  somewhat 
agreeable  ta  the  taate.  It  haa  been  employed  in 
diarrhoea. 

CRAT^ITA  MARilELOS,  CoToIam. 

CRATERAr'CHE^r,  from  f^ars^^,  'stpong,' 
and  myyfv,  'neck.'  One  wit&  at  atro«g  ise«&  :  as 
well  as  a  strong  neek  itaelf- 

CRATEV^Sniir,  SiaymiliTOSia  naatmiimn. 

CRATOS,  Force. 

CRAUTB,  MI]SrERAL  WATERS  OF.  C^^oits 
ia  a  village  Sve  leagues  from  .Aattm,  in  Praasc^ 
where  are  mineral  springs,  containing  salph*- 
hydrate  of  magnesia,  chloride  of  aoditmi,  chlo- 
ride of  lime,  anlphate  of  lime,  aaid  carbonate  of 
nsagnesia. 

CBAVATE  SrT.?SE(F.),  'Swiss  cravat'  A 
heed  of  the  longitndinal  or  snperSctal  layer  of 
the  mnacnlaT  fibres  of  the  stomach,  along  the 
leaa^  ctrrvatnre  of  the  organ,  the  shape  of  which 
it  aasiata  in  preserving: — so  called,  on  aceotmt 
of  a  fancied  resemblance  to  a  Swiss  cravac 

CRAW.CRAW.  A  specrea  of  itch,  common  on 
the  African  coast — Boyle. 

CBAYErX.  Cretaeet^ns. 

CBAYO.r  yOTB.  Graphites. 

GRAZi:?fESS,  Insanity. 

CRAZY,  Insane,  Pain. 

CREA,  Shin. 

CREAJr.  Cremm-  sea  Flos  laetix,  fProT.) 
Reawk,  (F.)  d-hme.  A  thick,  nnetnoiia  matter, 
of  a  yeHowiah-white  CGlotrr.  and  sweet,  agreeable 
taate,  which  rises  to  the  atorStee  of  miMk,  if  kept 
at  rest.  It  ia  eoospoaed  <^  baitter,  seram,  and 
eaaeisu 

Criant  is.  a  same  grven  in  France  to  hmtiUtes 
prepared  with  farina  of  different  Mads;  aa  She 
Cvemm  af  Biee,  fF.)  Crhae  de  Biz,  C.  of  Barley^ 
(F.)  C.  <£(h-g^  k&.  The  same  term,  and  'medi- 
eiAol  cream,'  (F.)  Crhne  medieiikols,  are  used  by 
il.  Beral  for  a  preparation,  resulting  from  the 
nnion  of  y«^  cf  efjg  and  anqnr  with  m.\lhy  with 
or  withoTit  the  addition  of  medicinal  agenca. 

Cre-UT,  Rigor — c  Cold,  Ceratnm  Graleni,  ITn- 
guentnm  Aqxtas  roaaa  —  c  of  Tartar,  Potasaaa 
aapertartraa. 

CREA3.  Rnbeolai. 

CRE'ASOTE,  Cr^omte,  Cream' bm,  Kv^aseie, 
Creasm.'to'Hu  Crtrtzn'fry^ ;  Oxj-kifdro-earhm'e^iiam. 
ex  o'lea  pyroxyriea  para' trim,  (Ph.  L.)  from  iCjisaif 
•flesh,'  and  swrrvf,  'a  preserver.'  A  aubatsnee 
discovered  not  loug  ago  by  Reiehenbach.  It  13 
obtained  from  tar,  by  diatfllation,  and  appears  to 
be  the  active  antiseptic  and  medicinal  agent  in. 
tar-watw  and  erode  pyroligneotia  acid.  It  is  a 
eoloarfeas  traassparent  fiaid,  of  a  penetrating  and 
I  dl'Tasreeafele  odoor,  and  is  freely  soluble  in  alco- 
hol and  aeetie  acid.  Its  taate  is  bitter.  S.  ^ 
1"03^7.  It  eoagttlatea  albt*men,  whence  its  hssmo- 
statie  power.  It  is  a  moat  powerfal  antiseptic ; 
and  Itas  been  largely  administered  in  hemorrhages 
both!  intensaEy  smd  externally.  Aa  an  external 
applieatioTi,  it  haa  been  used  in'  bttmsi,  wleer^ 
especially  Aoae  of  3  slonghing  character,  cferBnie 
eataneoos  affeetfona,  and  haa  been  applied  to 
tapeworm  when  protraded,  &«.  Internally,  it 
has  been  administered  in  phthisis,  vomitrng, 
diabetes  nseltitaa,  Bervoira  dfeeases,  chronic 
glanders,  &e.  The  dsse  fnteniany  is  one  or  two 
drops.  Externally,  it  is  soasetiiHes  applied  pure  j 
at  others.  dHiited,  and  cMBBSonIy  with  water, 
ff^a  to  f^vj :)  or  in  the  form,  of  ointiaeBt,  (f^sa 
to^I  of  cerate.) 

CRE.ASOTE  PXAST,  larrea  Mexieana. 

CRE^iTUTE,  Creraim,  Creati^M,  KreToHite, 
froisL  ir^ni,  'Seahi.'  A  nitrogeaized  eryatailiiabla 
neatral  sabatane^  obtained  by  the  agency  rf 


CREATININE 


256 


CRETACEOUS 


water  and  heat  in  making  broths  and  soups.     It 
does  not  combine  either  with  acids  or  alkalies. 

By  the  action  of  strong  acids,  creatine  is  con- 
verted into  Creatinine  or  Kreatinine,  a  substance 
which  has  a  strong  alkaline  reaction,  and  forms 
crystallizable  salts  with  acids.     It  preesists  to  a 
small  extent  in  the  juice  of  flesh  ;  and  is  found 
in  conjunction  with  creatine  in  urine. 
CREATININE,  see  Creatine. 
CREATOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous. 
CREAZOTON,  Creasote. 

CREEPER,  TRUMPET,  Tecoma  radicans— 
c.  Virginia,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia,  Tecoma 
radicans. 

CREEPERS,  Fidgets. 

OREMASON,  Pyrosis. 

CREilAS'TER,  Suspendic'iilum,EIeva'ior  Tes- 
tic'uli,  JIus'culus  Testis  seu  Testicon' dus.  That 
which  suspends  ;  from  Kpefiaa,  '  I  suspend.'  The 
Greeks  designated,  by  this  term,  the  spermatic 
cord,  or  all  the  parts  by  which  the  testicle  is, 
as  it  were,  suspended ;  but,  since  Yesalius,  it  has 
received  its  present  limited  meaning.  The  cre- 
master  is  a  very  thin,  muscular  fascia — sometimes 
hardly  perceptible — which  detaches  itself  from 
the  internal  oblique  muscle;  passes  through  the 
abdominal  ring,  and  vanishes  around  the  tunica 
vaginalis;  serving  to  draw  up  the  testicle,  and 
to  move  it  slightly.  It  has  been,  also,  called 
Ttmica  E njthro'i' des  and  Siispenso'rium  Testis. 

CREMAS'TERIC,  Cremaster'icus,  same  ety- 
mon as  Cremaster.  Appertaining  or  relating  to 
the  cremaster, — as  '  cremasteric  &xterj)' — a  branch 
of  the  epigastric. 

CRE_^ME,  Chrisma. 

CREME,  Cream — c.  ITedicinaJ,  see  Cream — c. 
de  Sou/re,  Sulphur  prsecipitatum — c.  de  Tartre, 
Potassse  supertartras. 

CREMER.  The  common  name  for  a  disease 
frequent  in  Hungary,  which  is  produced  by  ex- 
cess in  eating  and  drinking. — Chomel. 

CREMNOI,  plural  of  Kptiiivo;,  'a.  steep  bank.' 
The  lips  of  an  ulcer.  The  Labia  puden'di. — Hip- 
pocrates, Foesius. 

CREMNON'CUS,  from  Kpviivoi,  'the  labia  pu- 
dendi,'  and  oyKos,  'a  tumour.'  A  swelling  of  the 
labia  pudendi. 

CREMOR  LACTIS,'  Cream  —  c.  Tartari,  Po- 
tassse supertartras — c.  Urinse,  see  Urine. 

CRENA,  Crenatu'ra,  DeiUic'ulus,  (F.)  Crene- 
lure.  In  the  plural,  the  small  teeth  or  projec- 
tions in  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  by  means  of 
which  an  accurate  junction  is  formed  at  the  su- 
tures. Crenelure  has  also  been  used  in  surgery, 
for  the  gutter  or  groove  in  certain  instruments, 
which  is  generally  intended  to  secure  the  passage 
of  cutting  instruments;  the  groove,  for  example, 
of  a  director. 

CRENATURA,  Crena. 

CRENEL  URE.  Crena. 

CRE'OLB,  (S.)  Criollo;  from  (S.)  criar,  '  to 
create  or  foster.'  A  native  of  America,  or  of  the 
West  Indies,  whose  ancestors  emigrated  from  the 
Old  World,  or  from  Africa.  Hence  there  may  be 
black  as  well  as  white  Creoles.— Tschudi. 

CREOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous. 

CREPALIA  TEMULENTA,  Lolium  temu- 
lentum. 

CREPANELLA,  Plumbago  Europsea. 

CREPA'TIO,  Crrjxifn'ra,  from  crepare,  crepa- 
tum,  '  to  make  a  noise.'  The  action  of  bursting 
any  seed  by  ebullition.  Coque  ad  crepatu'ram, 
'  Boil  till  it  bursts.' 

CREPATURA,  Hernia. 

CREPILINES,  PALPEBRARUM,  see 
Tarsus. 

CREP'ITANT,  Crcp'ilating,  Crepitans;  same 
etymon  as  Crcpatio.     Crackling. 


Rale  Crejntant  Sec  d  Grosses  Bidles,  '  dry 
crackling  noise  with  formation  of  large  bubbles,' 
is  heard  in  pulmonary  emphysema,  when  the  dis- 
tension becomes  greater  and  greater,  and  is  fol- 
lowed by  rupture  of  the  vesicles.  The  air  forcing 
itself  a  passage  in  the  interlobular  areolar  tissue, 
gives  rise  to  this  Rale  during  inspiration. 

Rale  Crejiitant  Sec  of  Laennec,  R.  vesiculaire. 
The  crejntant  rattle, Crepita' tio  vesicula'ris,  heard, 
during  respiration,  in  severe  pneumonia  and  in 
oedema  of  the  lung;  so  termed  on  account  of  the 
analogy  between  the  sound  and  that  occasioned 
by  pressing  a  healthy  lung  between  the  fingers. 
It  resembles  the  sound  produced  by  rubbing 
slowly  and  firmly  between  the  finger  and  thumb 
a  lock  of  hair  near  the  ear.  The  Rhonehus  crep'i- 
tans  redux,  (F.)  Rale  crepitant  rediix,  is  the  sound 
heard  in  respiration  coexistent  with  the  resolution 
of  pneumonia.  It  indicates  the  return  of  the  cells 
to  the  pervious  condition. 

CREPITATIO,  Crepitation  —  c.  Vesicularis, 
Crepitation. 

CREPITA'TION,  Crepita'tio,  Crep'itus,  from 
crepitare,  'to  make  a  noise.'  Crackling.  Cre- 
pitation or  crepjitus,  (F.)  Cliquetis,  has  been  used, 
in  Surgery,  to  designate  the  noise  occasioned  by 
the  friction  of  fractured  bones,  when  the  surgeon 
moves  them  in  certain  directions.  When  it  can- 
not be  heard  at  a  distance,  it  may  be  detected  by 
the  immediate  application  of  the  ear.  or  by  the 
use  of  the  stethoscope.  Crepntxis  or  crackling  is, 
likewise,  met  with  in  cases  of  gangrene,  when  air 
is  effused  into  the  areolar  membrane  —  provided 
the  part  be  carefully  examined  with  the  fingers. 
The  same  term  is  used  for  the  cracking  of  the 
joints  in  health  or  disease. 

CREPITUS,  Crepitation,  Fart— c.  Lupi,  Ly- 
coperdon. 

CRESCENTIA,  Growth. 

Crescen'tia  Cuje'te  ;  called  after  Creseentio, 
an  Italian  writer  on  agriculture;  Ciijete,  JVarrow- 
leaved  Calabash  Tree.  Ord.  Solaneae.  The  pulp 
of  the  fruit  of  this  West  India  plant  is  acidulous. 
It  is  used  in  diarrhoea  and  headach ;  and,  in  syrup, 
for  diseases  of  the  chest. 

CRESCENTIA,  Waxing  kernels. 

CRESERA,  see  Cribration. 

CRESPINUS,  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 

CRESS,  BITTER,  COMMON,  Cardamine  pra- 
tensis — c.  Garden,  Lepidium  sativum — c.  Indian, 
Tropasolum  majus — c. Meadow,  Cardamine  praten- 
sis — c.  Penny,  Thlaspi  —  o.  Swines',  Cochlearia 
coronopus  —  c.  Water,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium — 
c.  Water,  marsh.  Nasturtium  palustre. 

CRESSES,  DOCK,  Lapsana  — c.  Sciatica,  Le- 
pidium Iberis. 

CRESSI,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

CRESSON  ALENOIS,  Lepidium  sativum  — 
c.  Elegant,  Cardamine  pratensis — c.  de  Fontaine, 
Sisymbrium  nasturtium  —  c.  des  hides,  Tropaeo- 
lum  majus — c.  des  Jardins,  Lepidium  sativum  — 
e.  du  Mexique,  Tropgeolum  majus  —  c.  de  Para, 
Spilanthus  oleraceus  —  c.  des  Pres,  Cardamine 
pratensis. 

CREST,  Crista— e.  of  the  Hium,  see  Crista  of 
the  Ilium — c.  of  the  Pubis,  see  Crista  of  the  Pu- 
bis— c.  of  the  Tibia,  see  Crista  of  the  Tibia — c.  of 
the  Urethra,  see  Crista  urethralis. 

CPiETA,  Car'bonas  calcis  friah'ilis,  Car'bonas 
calca'reus,  Glisomo.r'go,  Melia  Terra,  Chalk,  Car- 
bonate of  Lime,  (F.J  Crate.  Native  friable  car- 
bonate of  lime. 

Creta  Prepaea'ta,  Car'bonas  Calcis  preepa- 
ra' tits,  Prepared  Chalk.  (Prepared  by  levigation.) 
Used  externally,  as  an  absorbent ;  internally,  as 
an  antacid.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  Jj  or  more. 

CRETA'CEOUS,  C/eta'cew*,  (F.)  Craijevx,  from 
creta,   '  chalk.'      Containing,   or   relating  to,   or 


CRETE 


257 


CRICOID 


having  tLe  characters  of,  chalk;  as  'cretaceous 
mixture,  cretaceous  tubercles.' 

CRETE,  Crista— c.  de  Coq,  Crista  galli — c.  de 
I'Ethmdide  Crista  galli — c.  Urethrale,  Gallinagi- 
nis  caput. 

CRETEFAC'TIOX,  Cretefac'tio,  from  creta, 
'chalk,'  and  facere,  factum,  'to  make.'  Forma- 
tion of,  or  conversion  into  chalk,  as  the  conver- 
sion of  tubercles  into  calcareous  or  cretaceous 
concretions;    Calcification. 

CRATES  DE  COQ,  see  Crista. 

CRETIN.  One  affected  with  cretinism.  The 
word  is  said  to  come  from  Chretien,  '  Christian,' 
because  the  Cretin,  being  in  a  state  of  idiocy,  is 
incapable  of  committing  any  sin  [?]     See  Cagot. 

CRET'INISM,  Cretinii'mus,  Cret'inaye,  Cijrto'- 
sis  Cretinia'nms,  Kretinis'mua,  Idioti'a  endem'ica, 
Idiotism'us  endem'icus,  Fafu'itas  convall'inus 
sea  Aljiieola'ruin,  Micrenceph'alon,  (F.)  Creti- 
nisvie.  An  epidemic  aflfection  in  the  low,  deep, 
narrow  situations  of  the  Valais ;  in  the  valley  of 
Aost,  Maurienne,  a  port  of  Switzerland,  the  Pyre- 
nees, Tyrol,  &c.  It  is  a  state  of  idiocy,  com- 
monly accompanied  by  an  enormous  goitre,  and 
is  often  hereditary.  The  unfortunate  cretin  is 
little  better  than  the  animals  around  him.  He 
rarely  attains  an  advanced  age.  Like  idiocy, 
cretinism  has  been  divided  into  complete  and  in- 
complete. 

CREUSET,  Crucible. 

CREUX  DE  L'AISSELLE,  see  Axilla— c  de 
I'Estomac,  Fossette  du  cceur — c.  de  la  Main,  Palm. 

CREUZNACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  springs  of  Creuznach  are  in  Germany.  They 
contain  iodine,  bromine,  and  the  chlorides  of 
sodium  and  calcium. 

CREUZOT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  C.  is 
a  mountain  to  the  north-east  of  Mount  Cenis. 
Near  it  is  a  saline  chalybeate  spring. 

CREVASSE,  (F.)  Rima,  from  crever,  'to  break 
or  crack.'  A  crack,  a  cleft.  The  words  crevasse,  I 
gergure,  fissure,  and  rhagade  are  often  used  syno- 
nymously for  small  longitudinal  cracks  or  chaps 
of  a  more  or  less  painful  character.  Sometimes, 
crevasse  is  employed  to  designate  the  solutions  of 
continuity  or  ruptures,  which  supervene  in  dis- 
tended parts,  in  the  urinary  passages,  uterus,  &c.: 
it  is  then  synonymous  with  rupture. 

CREWDS,  Rubeola. 

CREWEL,  Primula  veris. 

CRT,  Cry  —  c.  de  Cair,  Bruit  de  Craqnement, 
Craquement  de  cuir  nevf. 

CRIBLE,  Cribratus. 

CRIBRA,  see  Cribration. 

CRIBRA'TION,  Crihra'tio,  Coscims'mus,  from 
cribrare,  crihratum,  'to  sift.'  Sifting.  A  phar- 
maceutical operation,  which  consists  in  separat- 
ing the  finer  parts  of  drugs  from  the  coarser. 
Sieves,  Drumsievea,  are  used  for  this  purpose. 
These  were  formerly  called  Cribra ;  Cos'cinoi. 
A  sieve  for  separating  the  bran  from  meal  was 
termed  Cre'sera,  Aleurote'sis,  Cribrum  Pollina'- 
rium. 

CRIBRA'TUS,  Cribro'sus,  from  cribrum,  'a 
sieve.'  (F.)  CribU.  Having  holes  like  a  sieve. 
Lame  crihlee,  Crib' ri form  plate,  is  the  horizontal 
lamina  of  the  ethmoid  bone— so  called  because  it 
is  perforated  like  a  sieve.  Through  the  perfora- 
tions, Param'ina  cribro'sa,  the  olfactory  nerves 
pass. 

La'mina  Cribro'sa  of  Albinus ;  Crib'  ri  form  la- 
mel'la  —  a  circular  spot,  perforated  with  small 
holes,  seen  wheh  the  optic  nerve  is  regarded  from 
the  inside,  after  removing  the  retina  and  choroid. 
From  these  holes  the  medullary  matter  may  be 
expressed. 

CRIB'RIFORM,  Cribrform'is,  from  cribrnm, 
17 


'a  sieve,'  and /ojtoo,  'form.'  The  ethmoid  bone 
was  formerly  so  called. —  Os  Cribrifor'me. 

CRiBRiFonM  Compress.  A  square  piece  of 
linen  pierced  with  a  number  of  holes.  This  is 
spread  with  cerate  and  applied  to  a  suppurating 
surface,  the  holes  being  intended  for  the  escape 
of  the  pus. 

Cribriform  Fascia,  see  Fascia,  cribriform — c. 
Lamella,  see  Cribratus — c.  Plate  of  the  Ethmoid, 
see  Cribratus. 

CRIBBOSUS,  Cribratus. 

CRIBRUM  POLLINARIUM,  see  Cribration. 

CRICARYTENODES,  Crico-arytenoid. 

CPtlCELLA'SIA,  Cricela'sia,  KpiKr;\aijia,  from 
KptKos,'a  circle,'  and  tXauKM,  'I  drive.'  An  exer- 
cise with  the  ancients,  which  appears  to  have 
been  the  same  as  the  childish  play  of  rolling  the 
hoop. 

CRICK  IN  THE  NECK,  Shoot,  (Prov.)  Hod. 
A  painful  rheumatic  affection  of  the  muscles  of 
the  neck,  which  causes  the  person  to  hold  his 
head  to  one  side  in  a  characteristic  mannter. 

CRICO.  In  composition,  appertaining  or  re- 
lating to  the  cricoid  cartilage. 

C  R I  C  O-A  R  Y  T'E  NOI  I),  Crico-arytenoideiis, 
Cricaryteno' des.  Relating  to  the  cricoid  and  ary- 
tenoid cartilages. 

Crico-Aryt'enoid  Muscle,  Crico-aryteno'ideug 
latera'lis,  Crico-latero-aryteno'idien.  A  muscle 
which  proceeds  from  the  lateral  part  of  the  supe- 
rior edge  of  the  cricoiil  cartilage  to  the  outer  and 
anterior  part  of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid  carti- 
lage. It  carries  the  arytenoid  cartilage  outward 
and  forward. 

Crico-Artt'enoid,  Poste'rior;  Crico-aryte- 
no'ideus  posti'cus,  Crico-creti-arteno'idien,  Dila- 
tateur  jtosterieur  du  Larynx.  A  small,  triangular 
muscle,  seated  in  the  back  part  of  the  larynx.  It 
extends  from  the  prominent  line,  at  the  middle 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  cricoid  cartilage,  to 
the  outer  and  posterior  part  of  the  base  of  the 
■arytenoid  cartilage. 

Crico-Arytenoideus  Supe'rior,  of  Winslow, 
forms  part  of  the  Aryteno'idetis  of  modern  anato- 
mists. 

CRICO  -  CRE  TI-AR  YTENOIDIEN,  Crico- 
arytenoid, posterior  — c.  Latero-arytenoidien. 
Crico-arytenoid. 

CRICOPHARYNGE'AL,  Crico-Pharynge'us. 
Belonging  to  the  cricoid  cartilage  and  pharynx. 

Crico-Pharyngeds  muscles  of  Winslow,  is  a 
fleshy  bundle,  which  forms  part  of  the  Constrictor 
Pharyngis  inferior.  He  calls  the  other  part 
Thyro-piharynge'us,  and  proposes  to  call  the 
whole  Thyro-crico-pharynqeus. 

CRICO-THYREOIDES,  Crico-Thyroidean. 

Crico-Thyroidean,  Cri co-thyroid,  Crico-thy- 
reo'des,  Crico-thyreo'i' des,  Crico-thyreoideus.  Be- 
longing to  the  cricoid  and  thyroid  cartilages. 

Crico-Thy"roid  Membrane  is  of  a  fibrous  na- 
ture, and  extends  from  the  upper  edge  of  the 
cricoid  cartilage  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the 
thyroid. 

CRico-THYRorD  Muscle,  Crico  thyi-o'ideus,  (F.) 
Dilatateur  anterieur  du  larynx,  is  a  small  fleshy 
bundle,  of  a  triangular  shape,  at  the  anterior  and 
inferior  part  of  the  larynx.  It  extends  from  the 
outer  surface  of  the  cricoid  cartilage  to  the  late- 
ral parts  of  the  inferior  margin  of  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage ;  and  its  use  is  to  approximate,  anteriorly, 
the  corresponding  margins  of  the  cricoid  and  thy- 
roid cartilages;  and  thus  to  stretch  the  ligaments 
of  the  glottis,  which  it  contracts  by  separating 
the  thyroid  cartilage  from  the  arytenoid. 

CRICO-THYRO-PEAR YNGIEN,  Constric- 
tor pharyngis. 

CRICOID,  Oricor  dens,  CricoVdes,  Crico  des, 
Annula'ris,  Cymhala'ris,  from  Kpixo;,  '  a  ring,' 
and    tiSos,  'form.'     Having  the  form  of  a  ring. 


CRICOIDES 


258 


CROCIDIXIS 


A  name  given  to  one  of  tbe  cartilages  of  the 
larynx,  Cartila'go  innomina' ta,  (F.)  Cartilaye 
anonyme,  which  is  situate  at  its  lower  part,  be- 
tween the  thyroid  and  tirst  ring  of  the  trachea. 
It  is  much  higher  behind  than  before. 
CRICOIDES,  Annular,  Cricoid. 
CPvICOS,  Ring. 

CRIMNO'DES,  Criinnoi'des,  from  Kpiixvov, 
'coarse  meal,  bran,'  and  ti&os,  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  meal  or  bran.  Applied  to  urine, 
which  deposits  a  bran-like  sediment,  Orimno'des 
Uri'na. 
CRIMNON,  Farina. 

CRINA'LE.  from  crinis,  'hair.'  An  instru- 
ment formerly  used  to  compress  in  cases  of  fis- 
tula lacrymalis.  It  has  its  name  from  the  cir- 
cumstance of  its  having  at  one  end  a  small  cushion 
stuffed  with  hair. — Scultetus. 

CRINA'TUM.  A  species  of  fumigation,  used 
by  Paulus  of  J5gina.  The  roots  of  lilies  entered 
into  the  process;  hence  its  name,  —  from  Kpivov, 
'  the  lily.' 

CRINES,  Hair. 
CRINIS,  Capillus. 
CRINKLE-CRANKLE,  Wrinkle. 
CRINOM'YRON,  from  xpivov,  'the  lily,'  and 
livpov,    'ointment.'       Ungutn'Uim    lilia'ceum,     U. 
JEgyp'tium  album,   U.  Stcai'num.     An  ointment, 
composed  of  lilies  and  some  aromatic  plants. — 
Gorrfeus. 

CRIJsON,  Lilium  candidum. 
CRINONES,  see  Acne  punctata, 
CRIOLLO,  Creole. 

CRIOMYX'OS.  In  antiquity,  one  who  had 
much  mucus  flowing  from  his  nasal  fossae,  like 
the  ram;  from  Kpioq,  'a  ram,'  and  (iv^a,  'mucus.' 

CRISIS,  Diac'risis,  Dijudica'tio,  '  decision ;' 
from  (cpivM,  'I  decide.'  This  word  has  been  used 
in  various  acceptations.  Some  mean  by  crisis  of 
a  disease,  when  it  augments  or  diminishes  consi- 
derably, becomes  transformed  into  another,  or 
ceases  entirely.  Some  have  used  the  word  to 
signify  only  the  favourable  changes  which  super- 
vene in  disease  ;  others,  for  the  change  going  on 
in  the  acme  or  violence  of  the  disease.  Others, 
again,  have  given  this  name  only  to  a  rapid  and 
favourable  change,  joined  to  some  copious  eva- 
cuation or  eruption ;  whilst  others  have  applied 
the  term  to  the  symptoms  that  accompany  such 
change,  and  not  to  the  change  itself;  —  thus  in- 
cluding, under  the  same  denomination,  the  criti- 
cal phenomena  and  the  crisis. 

CRISPA'TION,  Crispatu'ra,  from  criepare, 
crispatum,  '  to  wrinkle.'  A  contraction  or  spas- 
modic constriction,  which  supervenes  in  certain 
parts,  either  spontaneously  or  by  the  influence  of 
some  morbific  cause  or  therapeutical  agent.  The 
capillary  vessels  of  a  wound  are,  by  the  French, 
termed  crispes,  when,  immediately,  after  an  ope- 
ration, the  blood  does  not  flow  from  them.  The 
skin  is  said  to  be  crispee,  when  contracted,  and 
the  bulbs  of  the  hair  become  more  prominent. 
Crispafion  of  the  nerves  is  a  slight  convulsive 
motion  of  external  or  internal  parts,  much  less 
than  that  which  occurs  in  convulsion. 

CRISTA,  Amle,  Ambon.  A  crest.  (F.)  Crete. 
A  name  given  to  several  bony  projections;  also, 
to  the  clitoris. 

The  word  Cretes  (F.),  CristcB,  is  also  used,  in 
France,  for  fimbriated  excrescences,  which  form 
at  the  anus,  and  near  the  genital  organs;  and  are 
commonly  owing  to  the  syphilitic  virus.  CrStes 
de  Coq  are  syphilitic  excrescences,  resembling,  in 
form,  the  erest  of  the  cock. 

Crista  Galli  ;  two  Latin  words,  signifying 
the  comb  of  a  cock,  (F.)  Crete  de  I'ethmo'ide,  C. 
ie  Coq.  A  flat,  triangular  process,  rising  above 
.lie  cribriform  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone,  and  re- 


sembling a  cock's  comb.     It  gives  attachment  to 
the  anterior  part  of  the  falx  cerebri. 

Crista  or  Crest  of  the  Il'ium,  is  the  supe- 
rior margin  of  the  ilium  : — the  Crista  or  Crest  of 
the  Tib'ia,  the  anterior  edge,  the  shin;  and  the 
Crista  or  Crest  of  the  Pubis,  the  posterior  sharp 
edge  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  bone.  Winslow 
calls  the  nymphae,  CristcB  of  the  clit'oris;  and 
Chaussier,  the  verumontanum.  Crista  Ureihra'- 
lis,  Crest  of  the  Urethra. 

Crista  Interna,  Frontal  Spine  —  e.  Sphenoi- 
dalis,  Sphenoidal  spine — c.  Tibise,  Shin  —  e. 
Urethralis,  Gallinaginis  caput. 

Crista  Vestib'uli,  Eminen'tia  pyramida'Us. 
A  crest  which  divides  the  vestibule  of  the  ear 
into  two  fossffi,  —  one  inferior  and  hemispherical, 
called  Fo'vea  hemisphm' rica.  Sinus  rotun'dus:  the 
other  superior  and  semi-elliptical,  Fo'vea  ellip'- 
tiea  seu  semi-ellip'tica  seu  hemi-ellipt'ica,  Sinus 
ovatus.  Morgagni  has  described  a  third  groove- 
like fossa,  Reces'sus  seu  Fo'vea  sulciform'is,  situ- 
ate at  the  mouth  of  the  common  orifice  of  the  two 
superior  semicircular  canals. 

CRISTA  CLITORIDIS,  Nymphae. 
CRISTALLIN,  Crystalline. 
CRISTALLINE,   Mesembryanthemum    crys- 
tallinum. 

CRISTALLOIDITIS,  Phacitis. 
CRITHE,  Hordeolum,  Hordeum,  Penis. 
CRITHIDION,  Hordeolum. 
CRITHMUM  MARIT'IMUM,  Crithmum,  Ca- 
chrys  rnarit' ima,  Foenic' ulum  mari'num,  Samphire, 
(F.)  Passe-pierre,    Perce-pierre,   Fenonil   marin, 
Bacile.     Family,  Umbelliferae.     Sex.  Syst.    Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.     A  plant  which  grows  on  the 
sea-coasts,  has  a  spicy,  aromatic  flavour,  and  is 
used,  pickled,  as  a  condiment. 

The  Caaponga  of  Brazil  is  a  kind  of  crithmum. 
CRIT'ICAL,  Crit'icus,  (F.)  Critique.     Belong- 
ing to  a  crisis. 

Critical  Days,  Dies  crit'ici  seu  judieato'rii 
seu  Decreto'rii  seu  Prin'cipes  seu  Radica'les  seu 
Contempjlab'iles  seu  Internun' cii,  (F.)  Jours  cri- 
tiques, are  those  on  which  a  crisis,  it  is  imagined, 
is  most  likely  to  happen.  According  to  Hippo- 
crates and  Galen,  the  greatest  number  of  fevers 
terminate  favourably  on  the  7th  day,  and  many 
on  the  14th :  —  these  two  days  being  the  most 
propitious.  Next  to  these  come,  in  order  of  effi- 
ciency, the  9th,  Ilth,  20th  or  21st,  17th,  5th,  4th, 
3d,  18th,  27th,  and  2Sth.  The  sixth  day  wa« 
called  by  Galen,  the  Tyrant,  rvpavvog,  because 
the  crises  that  happened  then  were  generally  un- 
favourable. After  this,  the  most  unfavourable 
were  the  8th,  10th,  12th,  16th,  and  19th.  The 
13th  was  a  sort  of  neutral  day ;  the  crises  which 
happened  on  it  being  neither  favourable  nor  un- 
favourable. Days  were,  also,  divided  into  Inter'- 
calary,  on  which  the  crises  happened  less  fre- 
quently, and  were  less  complete  than  on  the 
critical  or  indicatory  ; — and  into  vacant  and  non- 
dec'refory,  on  which  a  crisis  hardly  ever  occurred. 
According  to  this  division,  they  were  enumerated 
as  follows : 

Critical  days 7th,    14tb,  20th,  27th,  34th, 

40th,  60th,  &c. 

Indicatory  days 4th,  11th,  17th,  24th,  &c. 

Intercalary  days 3d,  5th,  6th,  9th,  &o. 

Non-decretory  days..2d,  8th,  10th,  12th,  13th,  &C. 

Fortunate  crises  were  considered  to  be  indi- 
cated by  favourable  signs  appearing  three  days 
before. 

CRITICAL  PERIOD,  see  Menses. 

CRITIQUE,  Critical. 

CROCHET,  Crotchet. 

CROCIDISMUS,  Carphologia. 

CROCIDIXIS,  Carphologia. 


CEOCINUM 


259 


CROUP 


CRO'CINUM,  from  KpoKos,  'saffron.'  Made 
with  saffron  ;  coloured  with  saffron. 

CROCO'DES,  from  KpoKos,  '  saffron,'  and  ciiog, 
'resemblance.'  Certain  troches  into  which  saf- 
fron entered  as  an  ingredient.— Paulus  of  ^gina. 
CRQCODI'LEA,  Stercus  Lncer'tm.  The  ex- 
crements of  the  crocodile,  which  the  Arabists 
extolled  as  a  remedy  for  cutaneous  diseases,  and 
which  was  long  used  as  a  cosmetic. 
CROCODILIUM,  Echinops. 
CROCOMAG'MA,  from  KpoKog,  'saffron,'  and 
uayfia,  '  a  kneaded  or  squeezed  mass.'  A  kind 
of  troch,  composed  of  safi'ron  and  spices. — Galen, 
Dioscorides,  Paulus  of  ^gina,  Scribonius  Largus. 
CROCUS,  C.  sati'vus  seu  offieina'lis  seu  Aus- 
triaciis  seu  Orienta'Us,  Ifedici'na  Tristit" ioB,  Pa- 
vace'ci  vegetah'ilis,  Zaffrau,  An'ima  Pulmo'num, 
Jovisjlos,  Saffron,  {¥.)  Sofrafi.  Order,  Iridacese. 
The  stigmata,  Crocus  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  are  the  parts 
used  in  medicine.  They  are  brought  from  the 
East.  The  odour  is  aromatic,  and  the  taste  aro- 
matic, pungent,  and  bitter:  —  the  colour  deep 
orange  red.  Its  virtues  are  yielded  to  alcohol, 
wine,  vinegar  and  water.  Its  operation  has  been 
considered  stimulant,  exhilarating  and  diapho- 
retic.    It  is  not  much  used. 

Cake  Saffron  is  sometimes  met  with.  It  con- 
sists of  one  part  of  saffron  and  nine  of  marigold, 
made  into  a  cake  with  oil,  and  pressed. 

Ciiocus,  Colcothar  —  c.  Antimonii,  Oxydum 
stibii  sulphuratum  —  c.  Austriacus,  Crocus  —  c. 
Germanicus,  Carthamus  tinctorius  —  <;.  Indicus, 
Curcuma  longa — c.  Martis  adstringens,  Colcothar 
— c.  Martis  aperiens,  Ferri  subcarbonas — c.  Mar- 
tis vitriolatus,  Colcothar — c.  Metallorum,  Oxydum 
stibii  sulphuratum — e.  Officinalis,  Crocus — c.  Ori- 
entalis.  Crocus — c.  Saracenicus,  Carthamus  tinc- 
torius— c.  Sativus,  Crocus. 

CROCYDISMUS,  Carphologia. 

CROIL,  Nanus. 

CROISE  (¥.),  Cnicia'fus,  Crossed.  An  epithet 
given  to  paralysis,  when  it  attacks  the  arm  of  one 
side  and  the  leg  of  another. 

CROISEMENT,  Crossing. 

CROISSANOE,  Growth. 

CROrSSANCES,  Waxing  kernels. 

CROISSANTS,  Waxing  kernels. 

CROIX  BE  MALTE,  Sph'mum  Crucia'tum, 
Maltese  Cross,  Cross  of  Malta.  A  compress, 
having  the  form  of  the  Maltese  cross.  It  is 
made  of  a  piece  of  square  linen,  folded  in  four, 
and  divided  with  scissors  from  each  angle  to  a 
small  distance  from  the  centre.  It  is  used  espe- 
cially after  amputation  of  the  fingers,  penis,  and 
limbs. 

When  the  compress  is  cut  in  two  of  its  angles 
only,  it  is  called  the  Half  Maltese  Cross, — Demi- 
croix  de  Malte. 

CROK,  Nanus. 

CROMMYON,  Allium  cepa. 

CROMxMYOXYREG'MIA,  from  Kpoyiivov,  'an 
onion,'  ofuj,  'acid,'  and  pnyvv/n,  'to  break  out.' 
Sour,  fetid  eructations,  exhaling  a  smell  similar 
to  that  of  onions. 

CROPALE,  Nerium  antidysentericum. 

CROOPBACKED,  see  Hump. 

CROOPY,  Croupy. 

CROPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CROSS,  MALTESE,  Croix  de  Malte. 

CROSS-EYE,  Strabismus. 

CROSSE  DE  L'AORTE,  Arch  of  the  aorta. 

CROSSE  MITE,  Acarus  Crossii. 

CROSSES  PALM  AIRES,  Palmar  arches. 

CROSSFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

CROSSING,  _(F.)  Croisement,  Metissage.  The 
union  of  an  animal  of  one  race  with  one  of  an- 
other, in  order  to  improve  the  breed.  In  man, 
as  well  as  in  animals,  the  union  of  near  relatives 


is  apt  to  deteriorate  the  offspring,  and  hence  cross- 
ing is  important  in  his  case. 

CROSS WOPv,T,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  Lysi- 
machia  qnadrifolia. 

CROTALOPHORUS,  Crotalus  horridus. 

CROT'ALUS  HOR'RIDUS,  Crotaloph'orus. 
The  Rattlesnake,  Cobra  di  Cajyello,  (F.)  Crotale. 
Class,  Reptilia,  Ord.  Ophidia.  A  venomous  rep- 
tile of  North  America.  Its  poison  is  virulent. 
It  is  so  called  from  the  rattle  in  its  tail,  {Kpora'Xov, 
'  a  rattle,'  '  a  small  bell.') 

CROT'APHE,  Crota'phium,  from  Kporadio;, 
'temple.'  Cephalal'gia  Pidsat'ilis,  Cephalm'a 
Pidsat'ilis,  Sphi/gmocepk' alns.  A  pulsatory  pain, 
chiefly  in  the  temples,  with  drumming  in  the  ears. 

CROTAPHITE  ARTERIES,  Temporal  ar- 
teries. 

CROTAPHITES,  Temporal  muscle. 

CROTAPHIUM,  Crotaphe. 

CROTAPHUS,  Temple,  Temporal  bone. 

CROTCHJET,  Hamus.  A  small  hook  or  crook. 
(F.)  Crochet.  An  obstetrical  instrument,  whose 
name  indicates  its  shape,  and  which  is  used  in  the 
extraction  of  thefostus,  when  itbecomes  necessary 
to  destroy  it  to  expedite  delivery.  Crotchets  are 
differently  formed;  some  are  sharp,  others  blunt; 
some  contained  in  a  sheath,  others  naked. 

CROTON  BENZOE,  Benjamin. 

CrOTON  Cascaril'lA,  Cortex  Elenthe'ria,  Cro- 
ton  Eleutlie'ria  seu  Elute'ria,  Clu'tia  Elute'ria, 
Thus  JudcRo'rum,  Chucaril'lcB  cortex,  Cascaril'la, 
Eleute'ria,  Gascaril'la.  Order,  Euphorbiaeese. 
Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia.  (F.)  Quin- 
quina aromatique,  Cascarille,  Chacrille.  The  bark 
of  Croton  Cascarilla  of  the  Bahamas,  Cortex 
Thuris,  Cascarilla,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  (P.)  JEeorce 
eleutherienne,  has  a  slightly  aromatic  odour,  and 
bitterish  aromatic  taste.  The  smoke  has  the 
odour  of  musk.  The  active  parts  are  an  essen- 
tial oil  and  bitter  extractive.  They  are  com- 
pletely extracted  by  proof  spirit.  It  is  tonic  and 
stomachic.  Dose,  gr.  .xv  to  ,!^ss  or  more,  in  powder. 

CuoTON  Eleutueria,  Croton  cascarilla — c.  Ja- 
malgota,  C.  tiglium — c.  Lacciferum,  see  Lacca  — 
c.  Oil,  Croton  tiglium. 

Croton  PsEUPo-CHiNA,  Copalche  hush.  A  South 
American  plant,  which  yields  a  bark —  Cortex 
Copalche  seu  Copalchi,  very  like  that  of  Casca- 
rilla. 

Croton  Racemo'sum,  Beenel.  A  small  Mala- 
bar tree,  whose  aromatic  root,  boiled  in  oil  of 
sesame,  is  employed,  by  the  orientals,  as  a  lini- 
ment in  headach  and  rheumatism. 

Croton  Seeds,  see  Croton  tiglium. 

C'ROtO'nTlQ' ■LlTJ'i.ljC.  Jamalgo' ta,  Cadel-Avanacu. 
(F.)  Petit  Pignon  d' hide.  A  Ceylonese  plant, 
every  part  of  which  is  endowed  with  medicinal 
power.  The  root  is  a  drastic  cathartic  :  the  wood, 
Lignum  Pava'nce,  Pavana  wood,  and  the  seed, 
have  like  virtues.  The  seeds  have  been  long 
known  under  the  names,  Grana  MoIuc'ccb,  Til'ii 
Grana,  and  Grana  Tig'lii  seu  Tig'lia,  Croton 
seeds.  Purging  nuts.  From  these  seeds  the  Croton 
Oil,  O'leiim  Tig'lii,  is  expressed.  It  is  of  a  pale, 
brownish-yellow  colour,  and  hot,  biting  taste ; 
and  is  a  most  powerful  drastic  cathartic.  Dose, 
from  half  a  drop  to  three  drops,  made  into  pills 
with  crumb  of  bread.  It  is  also  applied  exter- 
nally as  a  rubefacient,  3  to  5  drops  being  rubbed 
on  the  part;  or  one  part  of  the  oil  and  three  parts 
of  olive  oil  may  be  added  together,  and  a  little  of 
this  be  rubbed  on. 

CROTO'NE,  KfoTiiivri.  A  fungus,  which  grows 
on  trees,  and  is  produced  by  an  insect,  from  Kporwv, 
'  a  tick.'  By  extension,  applied  to  a  fungous 
tumour  developed  on  the  periosteum. 

CROUP,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  c.  Bronchial, 
Polypus  bronchialis — c.  Cerebral,- Asthma  thymi- 


CROUPE 


260 


CRURAL 


cum — e.  Cerebral  spasmodic,  Carpo -pedal  spasm — 
c.  Chronic,  Polypus  broncbialis  —  c.  Faux,  Asth- 
ma thymicum,  see  Cynanche  trachealis. 

Croup,  Hyster'ic.  A  spasmodic  affection  of 
the  laryngeal  muscles  by  no  means  unfrequent  in 
hysterical  females, — the  paroxysm  consisting  in 
a  long  protracted,  loud  and  convulsive  cough, 
followed  at  times  by  crowing  respiration,  and 
by  dyspnoea  so  great  as  to  threaten  suffocation. 
The  treatment  is  that  advised  for  hysteria. 

Croup,  Pseudo,  Asthma  thymicum  —  c.  Pseu- 
do-nerveux,  Asthma  thymicum  —  c.  Spasmodic, 
see  Asthma  thymicum,  and  Cynanche  trachealis 
— c.  Spurious,  Asthma  thymicum. 

CROUPE,  see  Croupion. 

CROUPION  (P.),  Uropyg'ium,  Orus,  Orrlos, 
the  Rump.  The  region  of  the  coccyx.  The  Crup- 
per, (F.)    Croupe. 

CROUP-LIKE  INSPIRATION  OF  IN- 
FANTS. Asthma  thymicum. 

CROUP AL,  Croupy. 

CROUPOUS,  Croupy. 

CROUPY,  Croupous,  Crupo'sus,  (F.)  Croupal. 
Relating,  or  appertaining  to,  or  resembling  croup; 
as  a  'croupy  cough.'     Hoarse.     (Prov.)  Croopy. 

Ceodpt  lNrLA}rMA'TiON,//i/Za)?inia'fiocroi(j3o'sa, 
is  the  inflammation  of  a  mucous  membrane,  at- 
tended with  a  pseudo-membranous  exudation. 

CROUTE,  Crusta— c.  de  Lciit,  Porrigo  larvalis 
— c.  Laiteiise,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

CROUTEUX,  Crustace. 

CROWFOOT,  Geranium  maculatum— e.  Brist- 
ly. Ranunculus  Pennsylvanicus — c.  Bulbous,  Ra- 
nunculus bulbosus  —  c.  Bulbous-rooted,  Ranun- 
culus bulbosus  —  c.  Celery-leaved,  Ranunculus 
soeleratus — c.  Crushed,  Ranunculus  sceleratus  — 
c.  JNIarsh,  Ranunculus  sceleratus — e.  Meadow, 
Ranunculus  acris — c.  Small-flowered,  Pi,anunculus 
abortivus — c.  Tall,  Ranunculus  acris — c.  Water, 
smaller.  Ranunculus  flammula. 

GROWLING,  Borborygmus. 

CROWN,  Coro'na,  Steph'ane,  (G.)  Krone, 
(F.)  Gouronne.  In  anatomy,  this  name  is  given 
to  parts  of  a  circular  form,  which  surmount  other 
portions  of  the  same  body.  Thus,  the  Croicn  of 
a  Tooth,  Coro'na  Dentis,  (F.)  Couronne  dn  Dent, 
is  the  portion  of  the  tooth  which  projects  above 
the  gum. 

CROWN  OF  THE  HEAD,  Vertex. 

Crown  of  the  GlANS,  Coro'na  seu  Tor'ulua 
glandis,  (F.)  Couronne  du  (/land,  is  the  round, 
almost  circular,  ring,  which  circumscribes  the 
base  of  the  glans. 

Crown  of  the  Trepan,  Modi'olus,  (F.)  Cou- 
ronne du  Trepan,  is  a  species  of  saw,  in  form  of 
a  crown,  or  rather  of  a  portion  of  a  cylinder, 
having  grooves  on  its  external  surface,  and  teeth 
at  its  lower  extremity;  the  other  being  fitted  to 
the  handle  of  the  trepan. 

Crown  of  Venus,  Coro'na  Ven'erh,  Gutta  Ro- 
sa'cea  Syphilit'ica,  (F.)  Couronne  de  Venus.  Red, 
rosy  pustules,  dry  or  moist,  on  the  face;  but  par- 
ticularly on  the  forehead  and  temples,  owing  to 
constitutional  syphilis. 

CROWS'  BEAK-LIKE  PROCESS,  Coracoid 
process. 

CRU,  Crude. 

CRU'CIAL,  from  crux,  crueis,  'a  cross.'  Cru- 
cia'lis,  Cruda'tus.  Having  the  shape  of  a  cross. 
Appertaining  to  a  cross. 

Crucial  Bandage,  T  Bandage. 

Crucial  Incis'ion,  Incisn'ra  crucia'h'n,  (F.) 
Incision  crueiale.  An  incision  made  in  the  form 
of  a  cross.  Often  emploj-ed  for  exposing  the  cra- 
nium, for  the  purpose  of  applying  the  trepan. 

Crucial  Ligament  of  the  Atlas,  Annular 
ligament  of  the  Atlas. 

CauciAL   Lig'aments,    (P.)   Ligaments    croises 


ou  eruci/ormes.  Two  strong  ligaments  within 
the  knee-joint.  The  anterior  passes  obliquely 
from  a  depression  anterior  to  the  spine  of  the 
tibia  to  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  exter- 
nal condyle  of  the  femur  :  —  the  other,  the  j^oste- 
rior,  extends  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  spine 
of  the  tibia  to  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
internal  condyle. 

CRUCIA'TI  DOLO'RES,  Excruciating  pains. 

CRUCIATUS,  Croise. 

CRU'CIBLE,  from  crux,  crueis,  'a,  cross;'  so 
called  —  it  has  been  supposed  —  from  being  made 
in  the  shape  of  a  cross,  or  from  having  a  cross 
impressed  upon  it.  [?]  Crucih'ulum,  Cati'nus 
fuso'rius,  Tigil'lum,  Alhot,  Cemente' rium,  (F.) 
Creuset.  A  vessel  of  earth,  silver,  platinum, 
gold,  blacklead,  &e.,  for  receiving  substances, 
which  have  to  be  exposed  to  a  strong  heat.  It 
is  sometimes  covered  with  a  top  or  lid.  (F.)  Cou- 
vercle. 

CRU'CIFORM,  from  ci-iix,  crueis,  ' &  cross,'  and 
forma,  'shape;'  Cruciform' is.  Cross-shaped.  A 
name  given  to  the  ligaments  which  close  the  ar- 
ticulations of  the  phalanges;  and  likewise  to  the 
crucial  ligaments. 

CRUDE,  Crudus,  Omus,  (F.)  Cru.  Raw,  un- 
ripe, not  concocted. 

CRUDITAS  MORBI,  see  Crudity— c.  Ventri- 
culi,  see  Crudity. 

CRU'DITY,  Cru'dilas,  Om'otes,  Status  Crudi- 
ta'tis,ivora crudus,  'crude,' ' unprepared,' /hcocVh*. 
Rawness,  Crudeness.  This  has  received  several 
acceptations.  1.  It  expresses  the  quality  of  cer- 
tain aliments,  which  have  not  experienced  the 
action  of  fire.  2.  The  condition  of  matters  in  the 
digestive  tube,  which  have  not  undergone  the  di- 
gestive changes — eru'ditas  ventric' uli ;  and,  3.  In 
the  language  of  the  Humorists,  it  means  the  con- 
dition of  the  morbific  matter  in  a  sick  individual, 
eru'ditas  morbi,  when  it  has  not  yet  been  pre- 
pared or  concocted  by  the  action  of  the  organs — 
Azym'ia  humo'rum. 

The  word  is  used  in  the  plural,  Cru'dities,  syno- 
nymously with  crude  matters.  (P.)  Malieres  crues. 
It  is  applied  to  those,  when  contained  in  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines. 

CRUE,  Growth. 

CRUELS,  Herpes  Zoster,  Scrofula. 

CRUENTA  EXSPUITIO,  Haemoptysis. 

CR  UES  (.Uatieres),  see  Crudity. 

CRUME'NA  VESrC^aS.  The  cavity  of  the 
urinary  bladder. 

CRUOPv,.  Coagulated  blood,  gore.  The  signi- 
fication of  this  word  is  very  vague.  It  has  been 
used  to  designate  blood  in  general,  venous  blood, 
extravasated  or  coagulated  blood,  and  the  colour- 
ing matter. 

Cruor  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

CRUORIN.  Hfematin. 

CRUPOSUS,  Croupy. 

CRUPPER,  Croupion— c.  Bone,  Coccyx. 

CRUPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

CRURA.  The  plural  of  crus,  'a  leg.'  (F.) 
Cuisse.  Applied  to  some  parts  of  the  body,  from 
their  resemblance  to  legs  or  roots;  as  the  Crura 
cerebri,  Crura  cerebelli,  &c. 

Crura  Anteriora  Medulla  Oblongat^e,  Pe- 
duncles of  the  brain — -c.  Cerebelli,  Peduncles  of 
the  cerebellum — c.  Cerebelli  ad  Corpora  Quadri- 
gemina,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum  —  c. 
Cerebelli  ad  Poutem,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cere- 
bellum—  c.  Cerebri,  Peduncles  of  the  brain  —  c. 
Clitoridis  interna,  Bulbus  vestibuli — c.  Medullae 
oblongatfe.  Corpora  restiformia,  Thalami  nervo- 
rum opticorum,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum 
— c.  Posteriora  medullse  oblongatse,  Peduncles 
of  the  cerebellum. 

CRUR^US,  Cruralis. 

CRURAL,    Crura'lis,   from  crus,   cruris,   '  the 


CRURAL  ARCH 


261 


CRYPTA 


thigh,  and   lower  limb.'     What   helongs   to   the  1 
thigh  or  lower  limb. 

Crural  Aech,  In'guinal  or  Fem'oral  Arch, 
(F.)  Arcade  crurale  ou  inr/itinnle  (Ch.),  Pou- 
part's  Lig' anient,  L.  of  F alio' pins.  This  arch  is 
formed  by  the  internal  portion  of  the  inferior  edge 
of  the  aponeurosis  of  the  obliquus  externus  mus- 
cle, which  is  attached,  at  one  end,  to  the  pubis; 
at  the  other,  to  the  anterior  and  superior  spinous 
process  of  the  ilium.  At  its  posterior  and  inner 
part,  the  aponeurosis,  forming  the  arch,  sends  off 
a  falciform  reflection,  which  is  attached  along  the 
crest  of  the  pubis,  and  is  known  under  the  name 
of  Gimbernat's  Ligament.  Beneath  this  arch, 
the  vessels,  nerves,  and  muscles  make  their  exit 
from  the  pelvis  to  the  thigh. 

Croral  Artery,  Arte'ria  Crura'lis,  Fem'oral 
Artery,  (F.)  Artere  crurale,  A.  Pelvi-crurale, — 
(Ch.,)  is  the  continuation  of  the  external  iliac. 
It  extends  from  the  crural  arch  to  the  aperture 
in  the  triceps,  or  to  the  bam.  Chaussier  applies 
the  name  Artere  crurale  to  the  trunk,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  primitive  or  common  iliac  to  the 
tibial  arteries — embracing,  of  course,  the  external 
iliac,  femoral,  and  popliteal. 

Crural  Canal,  Crural  Ring,  Fem'oral  canal 
or  ring.  M.  Jules  Cloquet  has  described  this  canal 
with  minuteness,  and  given  it  the  name  Aymeaxi 
crural,  Anneau  femoral.  It  is  nearly  an  inch 
long,  triangular,  more  spacious  above  than  below, 
and  shorter  and  broader  in  the  female  than  in  the 
male.  Its  upper  oriiice  is  bounded,  anteriorly, 
by  the  crural  arch ;  posteriorly,  by  the  crista  of 
the  pubis  ;  on  the  outer  side  by  the  psoas  and 
iliacus  muscles,  covered  by  the  iliac  aponeurosis, 
and,  at  the  inner,  by  Gimbernat's  ligament.  This 
orifice  is  covered  by  the  peritoneum,  and,  accord- 
ing to  M.  Cloquet,  is  closed  by  a  more  or  less 
resisting  septum,  which  he  has  named  Septum 
crura' le,  Crural  septum.  In  its  course,  the  crural 
canal  has  its  anterior  parietes  formed  by  the  super- 
ficial expansion  of  the  fascia  lata :  the  posterior 
by  the  pectineus,  covered  by  the  deep-seated  ex- 
pansion of  the  fascia;  and  more  externally  by  the 
psoas  and  iliacus  muscles,  covered  by  an  expan- 
sion of  the  fascia  iliaca.  Its  inferior  orifice  is 
formed  by  the  foramen  of  the  fascia  lata,  which 
gives  passage  to  the  vena  saph^na.  It  is  at  the 
upper  orifice  of  this  canal,  that  Femoral  or  Crural 
Hernia,  Hernie  inguinale  of  Chaussier,  occurs : 
■which  would  be  more  common,  were  it  not  for 
the  fibrous  cellular  septum  there  situate. 

Crural  Nerve  proceeds  from  the  lumbar 
plexus,  and  is  situate  at  the  outer  side  of  the 
psoas  muscle  and  crural  artery.  After  it  has 
passed  under  the  crural  arch,  it  divides  into 
cutaneous  and  muscular  branches.  One  of  the 
branches,  which  is  larger  than  the  rest,  is  called 
the  Saphce'na  nerve.  It  gives  off  filaments  to  the 
integuments  of  the  knee,  to  the  inner  part  of  the 
leg,  and  to  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  foot.  The 
remainder  of  the  branches  of  the  crural  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
thigh.  The  Ac'eessory  of  the  Crural  Nerrie  is  a 
term  given  to  the  4th  and  5th  pairs  of  lumbar 
nerves. 

Crural  Plexus  of  Chaussier  is  the  union  of 
the  anterior  branches  of  the  last  four  pairs  of 
lumbar  iierves,  and  the  first  four  sacral;  forming 
the  lumbar  and  sacral  plexuses  of  most  anato- 
mists. 

Crural  Ring,  Crural  canal  —  e.  Septum,  see 
Crural  canal. 

Chural   Vein,   Fem'oral  Vein,   has   the   same 

arrangement  as  the  artery.     It  receives  only  one 

great  branch,  the  saph^na. 

CRURAL,  Triceps  cruris. 

Crura'lis,   Crurcz'us.     A  part  of  the  Triceps 

crural  of  the  French,  or  of  the  Trifemororotitlien 


of  Chaussier.     The  cruralis  is  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior, outer,  and  inner  part  of  the  thigh.     It  arises, 
fleshy,  from  between  the  two  trochanters,  adheres 
firmly  to  most  of  the  fore  part  of  the  os  feraoris, 
and  is  inserted,  tendinous,  into  the  upper  part  of 
the  patella,  behind  the  rectus.    Its  use  is  to  assist 
the  vasti  and  rectus  in  the  extension  of  the  leg. 
Under  J/uscZe  Triceps  Crural,  the  French  describe 
the  cruralis  and  the  two  vasti.    Some  small  mus- 
cular slips,  sometimes  found  under  the  crurseus 
muscle,  and  inserted  into  the  capsular  ligament 
of  the  knee-joint,  have  been  called  Suh-crurce'i. 
CRURIS  RADIUS,  Fibula. 
CRUS,  Leg,  Thigh— c.  Fornicis,  see  Fornix. 
CRUST,  Eschar— c.  Milk,  Porrigo  larvalis. 
CRUSTA.     A  crust  or  scab.    (F.)  Croute.    An 
assemblage  of  small  flakes,  formed  by  the  drying 
up  of  a  fluid  secreted  by  the  skin. 

The  lining  membrane  of  the  stomach  and  in- 
testines has  been  called  Crusta  villo'sa. 

Crusta  Adamantina  Dentiuii,  Enamel  of  the 
teeth. 

Crusta  Genu  Equi'njr,  Hippogoni/ol'epus, 
Sweat  or  Knee  Scab,  Hlock  or  Encircled  Hoof 
Knees,  Hangers,  Dew  Claws,  Night  Eyes,  Horse 
Crust.  This  morbid  secretion  from  the  horse  has 
been  advised  in  cases  of  epilepsy.  It  is  used  in 
the  form  of  powder  (gr.  ij  to  gr.  xx),  and  of 
tincture. 

Crusta  Inflammatoria,  Corinm  phlogisticum 
—  c.  Lactea,  Porrigo  larvalis,  P.  lupinosa  —  c. 
Membranacea,  Peristroma — c.  Petrosa,  see  Tooth 
— c.  Phlogistica,  Corium  phlogisticum — c.  Pleure- 
tiea,  Corium  phlogisticum — e.  Pruriginosa,  Gutta 
rosea — c.  Serpiginosa,  Gutta  rosea — c.  Yermicu- 
laris,  Peristroma  —  c.  Yillosa  linguae,  see  Tongue 
— c.  Yillosa  ventriculi,  see  Stomach. 

CRUSTACM,  (F.)  Aliberthas  substituted  this 
word,  in  his  Nosology,  for  crouteux,  '  crusty.' 
Having  crusts  or  scabs  ;  as  Dartre  crustacee. 

CRUS'TULA.  Diminutive  of  Crusta.  A 
small  shell  or  scab.  An  ecchymosis  of  the  con- 
junctiva. 

CRUSTUMI'NATUM.  A  rob,  prepared  from 
the  Pyra  Crustunti'na  or  Crusturneri'na,  (so  called 
from  Crustuminum,  a  town  in  Italy,  where  they 
grew,)  boiled  with  honey  or  in  rain-water. — 
Aetius. 

CRUT,  Nanus. 

CRUX  CERYI.  An  ancient  appellation  for 
the  bone  in  the  heart  of  the  stag.  It  was  once 
considered  useful  in  diseases  of  the  heart. 

CRY,  Clamor,  Boe,  (F.)  Cri.  The  sound  of 
the  unarticulated  voice.  The  native  voice,  which 
the  idiot  and  deaf  possess  equally  with  the  man 
of  genius  and  hearing.  The  cry  of  the  new-born 
child  has  been  called  Vagi'tus,  (F.)  Vagissement. 
We  say,  ''A  cry  of  joy,  of  2}leasure,  of  piain," 
&c.,  according  to  the  expression  which  it  may 
convey  to  the  hearer. 

CRYING,  Parturition. 

CRYING- OUT,  Parturition. 

CRYMO'DES,  from  Kpvjioq,  'cold.'  A  conti- 
nued fever,  Febris  crymo'des,  in  which  the  inter- 
nal parts  feel  hot,  and  the  external  cold;  and 
which  was  attributed  to  an  erysipelatous  inflam- 
mation of  the  lungs. — Aetius,  Gorrseus. 

CRYMODYN'IA,  from  k^vjios,  'cold,'  and  oivvi], 
'pain.'  Chronic  rheumatism,  and  all  its  modifi- 
cations.— Baumes. 

CRYMO'SIS,  from  *:pfioj,  'cold.'  Diseases 
caused  by  the  action  of  cold.— Baumes. 

CRYPSOR'CHIS,  from  KpvTTTO),  'I  conceal,' 
and  op^is,  'a  testicle.'  Cryptor'chis,  Testicon'dus. 
One  in  whom  the  testes  have  not  descended  into 
the  scrotum.  The  state  is  called,  Cryptorchidis'- 
mus,  Parorchid'ium. 

CRYPTA,  from  Kpvnrog,  'concealed.'  Follic'- 
uloae   gland,   Lacu'na,    Follic'ulus,    (F.)    Crypte. 


CRYPT  E 


262 


CUBITO-CARPIEN 


Follicule.  A  crypt  or  follicle  is  a  small,  round- 
ish, hollow  body,  situate  in  the  substance  of  the 
skin  ,  or  mucous  membranes  —  Crypta  mnco'sn, 
Follic'idus  wuco'sus — and  constantly  pouring  the 
fluid,  which  it  secretes,  on  their  surfaces. 

The  use  of  the  cryptal  or  follicular  secretion, 
is  to  keep  the  parts  on  which  it  is  poured  supple 
and  moist,  and  to  preserve  them  from  the  action 
of  irritating  bodies  with  which  they  have  to  come 
in  contact. 

The  little  rounded  appearances  at  the  ends  of 
the  small  arteries,  in  the  cortical  substance  of  the 
kidney,  ftre  also  called  CryptcB. 
Crypta  Mucosa,  see  Crypta. 
CrypTjE      Lieberkuhnianje,     Lieberkiihn's 
glands — c.  Sebaceas,  Sebaceous  glands. 
CRYPTE,  Crypta. 

CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS,  from  k^vt^to?,  'con- 
cealed,' and  K£ipu)ir},  'head.'  A  monster  whose 
head  is  excessively  small,  and  does  not  appear 
externally.- — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CRYPTOCOCCUS,  Fermentum,  Torula  cere- 
visiae — c.  Cerevisite,  Torula  eerevisias. 

CRYPTODID'YMUS,  Fcetus  in  foetu.  A  mon- 
strosity, in  which  one  foetus  is  found  contained 
in  another. 

CRYPTOG'AMOUS,  Cryptogam' ic,  Crypto- 
gam'icus;  from  Kpv-KToi,  '  Qoneealed,'  and  yafioi, 
'marriage.'  An  epitiiet  applied  by  botanists  to 
plants  whose  organs  of  fructification  are  concealed 
or  not  manifest.  Ag'amous  plants  are  those  whose 
sexual  oro'ans  are  not  known. 

CRYPTOPY'IC,    Cryptopy'icus,    from    /cpunru, 
'I  conceal,'  and  tuov,  'pus.'     A  state  of  disease, 
kept  up  by  an  occult  abscess. 
CRYPTOPYICUS,  Cryptopyie. 
CRYPTORCHIDISMUS,  see  Crypsorchis. 
CRYPTORCHIS,  Crypsorchis. 
CRYPTS   OP  LIEBERKtJHN,  see  Intestine 
— c.  Synovial,  Bursas  mucosae. 

CRYSTAL,  MINERAL,  Potass*  nitras  fusus 
sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

CRYSTAL'LL     Vesicles  filled  with  a  watery 
fluid.     They  are   also  called  crystal'liiia.     Pro- 
bably the  pemphigus  of  modern  writers. 
Crystalli  Lun.e,  Argenti  nitras. 
CRYSTALLIN,  Crystalline. 
CRYSTAL'LINA,   from    icpuaraXAos,   'crystal.' 
A  vesicle   or  phlycttena,  filled  with  serum,  and 
appearing  on  the  prepuce  or  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
anus,  surrounded  by  a  reddish  extravasated  aure- 
ola.    It  may  be  syphilitic  or  not.     See  Crystalli. 
Crystallina  Tunica,  Arachnoid  membrane. 
CRYS'TALLINE,  Crystal' linus.     Having   the 
appearance  of  crystal. 

Crys'talliste,  Orys'talline  humour  or  Lens  or 
Body,  Cryatal'linus,  Lens  crystal'linn  seu  crystal- 
loVdes,  Corpus  Crystal'Unum  seu  DiscoVdes  seu 
Crystallo'i'des  seu  Phaco'i'dcs,  Humor  crystal' linus 
seu  glacia'lis,  Phace,  Phacea,  Phaous,  Gemma  Oc'- 
uli,  (F.)  Oriatallin  ou  Crystallin,  Humeur  crystal- 
line,Cori^s  crystallin  se\i2'>haco'ide,  Lentille  crystal- 
line. A  lenticular,  transparent  body,  situate  be- 
tween the  vitreous  and  aqueous  humours  of  the 
eyc>,  at  the  union  of  the  anterior  third  with  the  two 
posterior  thirds  of  the  organ.  It  is  composed  of  a 
soft  exterior  substance  ;  and  an  interior,  composed 
of  an  albuminoid  substance,  called  Crys'talline 
or  Krys'talline  by  HUnefeld,  (F.)  Crystalline, 
forming  a  solid  nucleus,  in  which  a  number  of 
elliptical  layers  is  perceptible.  It  is  contained 
in  a  capsule,  called  Tu'nica  ara'nea  seu  erystal'- 
lina,  Cap'sula  lentis,  and  receives,  at  its  posterior 
surface,  a  small  branch  of  the  central  artery  of 
the  retina,  which  is  always  readily  distinguish- 
able in  the  foetus,  prior  to  the  seventh  month  of 
utero-gestation. 

The  use  of  the  crystalline  is  to  refract  the  rays 
of  light,  and  to  serve  as  an  achromatic  glass  :  for 


which  its  laminae  or  layers,  increasing  in  refrac- 
tive power  from  the  circumference  to  the  centre, 
admirably  adapt  it. 

CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

CRYSTALLION,  Plantago  psyllium. 

CRYSTALLITIS,  Phacitis. 

CRYS'TALLOID,  Crystalloi'des,  from  KpxiaTol- 
\o?,  'crystal,'  and  ti&oi,  'form,'  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  crystal  or  the  crystalline.  The  cajy- 
sule  or  membrane  of  the  crystalline.  Also,  the 
crystalline  itself. 

CRYSTALLUS  MINERALIS,  PotasssB  nitras 
fusus  sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

CRYSTALS,  BLOOD,  H^matoidin. 

CJiYSTAUX  D'HEMATINE,  Hajmatoidin. 

CRYTHE,  Hordeolum. 

CTEDON,  Fibre. 

CTEIS.  Pubes. 

CTESIPHON'TIS  MALAG'MA.  A  plaster 
employed  and  described  by  Celsus. 

CUBA,  see  Havana. 

CUBAL  SINI,  Piper  cubeba. 

CUBATIO,  Decubitus. 

CUBEBA,  Piper  Cubeba. 

CUBIFORMIS,  Cuboid. 

CUBIT,  Ulna— c.  Top  of  the,  Olecranon. 

CU'BITAL,  Cubita'lis,  Ulnar,  Ulna'ris.  Con- 
nected with  or  relating  to  the  cubitus,  or  to  the 
inner  and  posterior  part  of  the  forearm. 

Cubital  Artery,  Arte'ria  cubita'lis,  A.  ulna'- 
ris, arises  from  the  humeral  a  little  below  the 
bend  of  the  elbow  ;  proceeds  along  the  anterior 
and  inner  part  of  the  forearm;  passes  anterior  to 
the  ligamentum  annulare  of  the  carpus,  and  goes 
to  form,  in  the  palm  of  the  hand,  the  superficial 
palmar  arch.  Besides  the  numerous  muscular 
branches,  which  it  gives  off  in  its  course,  it  sends 
posteriorly  the  common  trunk  of  the  interosseous 
arteries,  and  internally,  the  two  cubital  recur- 
rents,  anterior  and  posterior, — articular  branches, 
which  anastomose  on  the  inside  of  the  elbow  with 
the  divisions  of  the  humeral  artery. 

Cubital  Muscles  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
Cubita'lis  ante'rior  seu  inter'nus.  Flexor  oar2n 
tilna'j-is,  Ulna'ris  inter'mis,  Fpitrochlo-eubito-car- 
pien,  Cuhito-carpien  —  (Ch.),  is  a  long  muscle, 
situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the  fore- 
arm. It  arises  from  the  inner  condyle  of  the  os 
humeri,  at  the  inner  side  of  the  olecranon,  and 
from  the  posterior  edge  of  the  ulna,  and  is  in- 
serted by  a  tendon  into  the  os  pisiforme.  Its 
use  is  to  bend  the  hand  on  the  forearm,  by  di- 
recting it  slightly  inwards.  2.  The  Cubitalis 
poste'rior  seu  exter'nus,  Exten'sor  Carpi  ulna'ris, 
Ulna'ris  exter'nus,  Cubite'us  exter'nus,  Cuhito-sus- 
metacarpien  —  (Ch.),  is  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  forearm.  It  arises  from  the  external 
condyle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
superior  extremity  of  the  fifth  bone  of  the  meta- 
carpus. Its  use  is  to  extend  the  hand,  inclining 
it  a  little  inwards. 

Cubital  Nerve,  Ulnar  nerve,  Cuhito-digital — 
(Ch.),  is  furnished  by  the  last  two  or  three  nerves 
of  the  brachial  plexus,  and  is  distributed  to  the 
inner  and  anterior  side  of  the  forearm;  to  the 
inner  part  of  the  palm  and  of  the  back  of  the 
hand,  and  to  the  last  two  or  three  fingers. 

Cubital  Veins,  deep-seated,  and  the  Recur- 
rent cubital  veins,  accompany  the  corresponding 
arteries.     The  superficial  cubital  veins  belong  to 
the  basilic.  Chaussier  calls  them  euta'neous  cubital. 
CUBITALE  (OS),  Cuneiform  bone. 
CUBITALIS  RIOLANL  see  Anconeus. 
CUBITEUS  EXTERNUS,  see  Cubital  muscles. 
CUBITO-CARPIEN,  see  Cubital  muscles— c. 
Cutane  (nerf),  Cutaneous  nerve  —  c.  Phalanget~ 
iien    commun.    Flexor    profundus    perforans  —  c. 
Radi-sus-metacarpien  du  pouce.  Abductor  longus 
pollicis — c.  Radial,  Pronator  radii  quadratus. 


CUBITO-SUPRAPALMARIS        263 


CULBICIO 


C  U  B I T  0  -  SUPRAPALMA'RIS.  Belonging 
to  the  cubitus  and  to  the  supra-palmar  or  dorsal 
surface  of  the  hand.  Chaussier  gives  this  name  : 
1.  To  a  small  artery,  which  is  given  off  by  the 
cubital  or  ulnar,  a  little  above  the  v?rist.  2.  To 
a  vein,  which  accompanies  this  artery. 

CUBITO-SUS-METACARPIEN,  see  Cubital 
muscles  —  c.  Sus-metacarjjien  dii  ponce,  Abductor 
longus  poUicis  —  c.  Sus-Phalangetfien  de  I'index, 
Extensor  proprius  indicis  —  c.  Sus-phalangettien 
da  police,  E.  longus  pollicis  —  c.  Susphalangien 
du  police,  E.  pollicis  brevis. 

CU'BITUS,  Kvl^iTov,  Cy'biton.  The  Elhow. 
Also,  one  of  the  bones  of  the  forearm.  See  Ulna, 
and  Forearm. 

Cubitus,  (F.)  Coudee,  the  ancient  name  of  a 
measure  18  inches  long. 

Cubitus  CosTiE,  see  Costa  —  c.  Supinus,  see 
Decubitus.         , 

CU'BOID,  Cuhoi'des,  Cuhoi'deus,  Citbo'des, 
Cuhifor'mis,  Cyho'i'des,  Cyrtoi'des,  Grandino' sum 
08,  Tes'sara,  Te-tsera  os,  Os  va'rium,  from  Kv^og, 
'a  cube,' and  £i6of,  'form.'  Having  the  form  of 
a  cube.  This  name  was  given  by  Galen  to  one 
of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  and  is  still  retained. 
It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
tarsus ;  and  is  articulated,  behind,  with  the  cal- 
caneum;  before,  with  the  last  two  metatarsal 
bones,  and  tvtthin,  with  the  third  os  cuneiforme, 
and  sometimes  with  the  scaphoides.  Its  inferior 
surface  has  an  oblique  groove  for  the  tendon  of 
the  peroneiis  longus. 

CUCKOLD,  Arctium  lappa. 

CUCKOO  FLOWER,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CUCKOW  BREAD,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

CUCKOW  PINT,  Arum  maculatum. 

CUCU'BALUS  BBHEN,  Behen  offichia'rum 
seu  viil.ga'ris,  Sile'ne  infla'ta  seu  erasiifo'lia  seu 
Tho'rei,  Visca'go  behen.  This  plant  was  once 
considered  alexipharmio  and  cordial.  It  is  the 
Spatliiig  Pojjpy. 

CUCULLARIS,  Trapezius. 

CUCULA'TUM  MAJUS.  A  barbarous  term, 
used  by  Ruland,  for  brandy  and  spirit  of  wine. 

CUCULLATA,  Sanicula, 

CUCULLUS,  Coiivrechef,  Cucupha,  Infundi- 
bulum  of  the  cochlea. 

CUCULUS,  Coccyx,  Pertussis. 

CUCUMBER,  Cueumis  sativus — c.  Asses,  Mo- 
mordica  elaterium — c.  Indian,  Medeola  Virginica 
— c.  Squirting  or  wild,  Momordica  elaterium — e. 
Star,  one-seeded,  Syoios  angulatus — c.  Tree,  Mag- 
nolia acuminata. 

CUCUMER,  Cueumis  sativus. 

CUCUMIS,  Penis  —  c.  Agrestis,  Momordica 
elaterium. 

Cu'cuMlS  Coloctx'this,  Citrul'lus  Colocynthis. 
Officinal  names  of  the  Colocynth  or  Bitter  Apple, 
Colocyn'this,  Coloquint'ida,  Alhaii'dal  (Arab.), 
Bitter  Gourd,  Bitter  Cucumber,  (F.)  Coloquinte. 
Ord.  Cucurbitaceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Mona- 
delphia.  A  Turkey  and  Cape  of  Good  Hope 
plant.  The  spongy  part  or  medulla  of  the  fruit, 
Coloeyn'thidis  seu  Cacu'meris  Colocyn'thidis 
Pidpa,  Colocynthis  (Ph.  U.  S.).  has  a  bitter,  nau- 
seous, and  acrimonious  taste,  and  is  a  strong 
cathartic,  acting  chiefly  on  the  upper  part  of  the 
intestines.  It  is  scarcely  ever  used,  except  in 
combination. 

Cucujiis  Melo.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Melon  Plant,  Mela,  Common  3Ielon,  (F.)  Melon. 
The  fruit  is  an  agreeable  article  of  diet,  but  not 
very  digestible,  unless  when  ripe.  The  seeds 
possess  mucilaginous  properties. 

CucuMis  Sati'vus.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Cu' cumber  plant,  Cueumis,  Angoii'rion,  Citre'- 
olus,  Ou'ciimer  or  Car'vimer,  from  its  curved 
shape.  (F.)  Concombre  ordinaire.  The  cueum- 
ber.  cowcumber,  is  used,  when  young,  as  a  pickle, 


when  it  is  called  a  Gherkin,  (F.)  Cornichon.  It 
is  not  a  fruit  easy  of  digestion.  The  seeds  are 
mucilaginous. 

An  ointment  of  green  cucumbers  —  cucumber 
ointment — is  used  as  a  cooling  salve.  It  is  made 
by  combining,  by  means  of  heat,  the  juice  of 
green  cucumbers  with  lord  and  vecil  suet. 

CucuMis  Sylvestris,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CU'CUPHA,  Cu'cuUus,  Pi'leus,  Sac'culus  ce- 
phal'icus.  A  sort  of  coif  or  cap,  with  a  double 
bottom,  between  which  is  enclosed  a  mixture  of 
aromatic  powders,  having  cotton  for  an  excipient. 
It  was  formerly  used  as  a  powerful  cephalic. 

CUCUR'BITA,  a  curvitate,  owing  to  its  shape. 
A  gourd.     (F.)  Citrouille.     See  Cupping-glass. 

Cucurbita  Anguria,  C.  citrullus. 

Cucur'bita  Citrul'lus,  C.  Angu'ria  seu  pin- 
natif'ida.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Water- 
melon plant;  Citrul'lus,  Angu'ria,  Tctrangu' ria, 
Sicilian  Citrul,  Water-melon.  Ord.  Cucurbi- 
taceae;  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia.  (F.) 
3[elon  d'eau,  Pasteque.  The  juice  of  the  fruit  is 
very  abundant,  whence  its  name.  The  Water- 
melon is  extremely  refreshing  and  agreeable,  when 
made  cool,  and  is  eaten  like  the  common  melon. 
It  is  very  much  used  in  the  United  Stateu. 

Cucurbita  Leucantha,  C.  lagenaria. 

Cucur'bita  Pepo,  Pejyo.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Common  Pomption  or  Pumpkin,  Cucur'bita. 
The  seeds  of  this  plant,  as  well  as  those  of  Cu- 
cur'bita lagena'ria.  Bottle-gourd,  contain  a  large 
proportion  of  oil,  capable  of  forming  emulsions. 
They  have  been  recommended  in  cases  of  tape- 
worm, in  the  dose  of  f^ss.  The  fixed  oil  of  the 
seeds  has  been  given,  with  success,  in  the  same 
cases,  in  the  dose  of  half  a  fluid  ounce. 

Both  the  fruit  of  Cucur'bita  Lagena'ria,  0. 
leucan'tha,  Pepo  lagena' rius,  (F.)  Calehasses,  and 
that  of  Cucur'bita  Pepo,  Pepo  vulga'ris,  (F.) 
Potiron,  Courge,  are  eaten. 

Cucurbita  Pinnatifida,  C.  eitrulluj. 

CUCURBITAIN,  Cucurbitinus. 

CUCURBITATIO,  Cupping. 

CUCURBITS,  see  Alembic. 

CUCURBITI'NUS,  (F.)  Cucurbuin.  This 
name  was  formerly  given  to  the  Tasnia  solium, 
because  composed  of  rings  which  resemble  the 
seeds  of  the  gourd, — cucurbita.  The  ancients 
believed,  that  the  rings,  which  are  sometimes 
discharged,  were  yo  many  separate  worms.  See 
Trenia. 

CUCURBITULA,  Cupping-glass. 

CucuRBiTULji  Cruentte,  Cupping  with  the  sca- 
rificator— c.  cum  Ferro,  Cupping  with  the  scari- 
ficator— c.  SiccEe,  Cupping,  dry. 

CUDWEED,  Antennaria  plantaginifolia,  dna- 
phalium  margaritaceum. 

CUILLEREE,  Cochleare. 

CUIR,  Cerium — c.  Chevelu,  Scalp. 

CUISSART.  A  wooden  leg.  See  Cornu  am- 
monis. 

CUISSE,  Thigh,  Crus  —  c.  Posterieure  du  cer- 
velet,  Corpus  restiforme. 

CUISSON  (F.).     A  smarting,  burning  pain. 

CUIVRE,  Cuprum  —  c.  Ammoniacal,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum  —  c.  et  Ammoniaque,  sulfate  de,  Cu- 
prum ammoniatum — c.  Limaill.es  de,  see  Cuprum 
— c.  Sous-acetate  de,  Cupri  subacetas — c.  Sulfate 
de,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CUIVREUX  (F.),  Copper-coloured.  A  tint  of 
complexion,  (F.)  Teint  cuivreux,  such  as  is  ob- 
served in  cancerous  affections.  Syphilitic  ulcers 
of  the  throat,  &c.,  are  often  copper-coloured. 

CUJETE,  Crescentia  cujete. 

CULBICIO.  A  Latin  word,  employed  by 
old  writers  as  synonymous  with  ardor  urinas  and 
gonorrhcea. 


C  TJLB  UTE 


264 


CUP 


GULBUTE  (F.).  'A  tumble  head-over-heels.' 
A  movement  which  the  foetus  has  been  supposed 
to  execute  at  the  end  of  the  7th  month  of  utero- 
gestation;  and  by  means  of  which,  it  was  pre- 
sumed, the  head  presented  towards  the  orifice  of 
the  uterus  ,•  a  change  of  situation  which  is  im- 
practicable in  ordinary  circumstances. 

CULCITA  SALINA,  Halotyle. 

CULEON,  Anus. 

CU'LEUS.  A  measure  containing  20  barrels, 
or  40  urns,  equal  to  180  gallons. — Pliny,  Gor- 
rseus. 

CULEX,  (P.)  Cousin.  A  genus  of  insects,  un- 
happily too  well  known  in  almost  every  part  of 
the  world,  on  account  of  their  bites,  which  give 
rise  to  painful,  local  inflammation.  The  gnats 
and  musquitoes  belong  to  this  genus. 

CULI  PLOS,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CULILAWAN,  see  Laurus  culilawan. 

CU'LINARY  ART,  from  culina,  'a  kitchen.' 
Cookery,  lies  cnliiia'ria  seu  coqua'ria,  Ars  culi- 
na'ria  seu  coquina'ria,  3fagei'rice.  The  art  of 
preparing  meats  for  the  table.  In  judging  of  the 
dietetic  properties  of  various  kinds  of  aliment, 
the  culinary  process  to  which  they  have  been 
subjected  will  always  have  to  be  considered. 
Many  of  the  writers  on  the  culinary  art  have 
been  physicians. 

CULLITLAWAN,  see  Laurus  culilawan. 

CULMINATIO,  Acme. 

CULTELLAIRE  (P.),  from  cultellm,  a  'little 
knife.'  Le  cautere  cultellaire,  known  also  under 
the  name  Couteaa  de  feu,  Eire-knife,  is  used  for 
what  the  French  term  the  Cautere  transcurrente. 
(See  Cauterization.)  It  is  shaped  like  a  small 
hatchet. 

CULTELLUS,  Culter,  Knife— c.  Anceps,  Knife, 
double-edged — c.  Uncus,  Knife,  crotchet. 

CULTEK,  Cultel'lus,  from  colo,  cultum,  'I  cul- 
tivate.' A  coulter,  a  knife,  scalpel,  macJia'ra, 
machm' rion,  macho'.'ris.  Also,  the  third  lobe  of 
the  liver,  so  called  from  some  fancied  resemblance. 
— Theophilus  Protospatarius. 

Culter  Curvus,  Knife,  crooked — c.  Falcatus, 
Knife,  crooked — c.  Lenticularis,  Knife,  lenticular 
—  c.  Rectus,  Knife,  amputation  —  c.  Tonsorius, 
Razor. 

CULTRIV'OROUS,  Cultriv'orv.s,  from  culter, 
'a  knife,' and  vorare,  'to  devour.'  Individuals, 
who  have  seemed  to  swallow  knives  with  impu- 
nity, have  been  so  called; — Knife-eaters. 

CULUS,  Anus. 

CULVER'S  PHYSIC,  Leptandra  Virginica. 

CULVER'S  ROOT,  Leptandra  purpurea. 

CUMAMUS,  Piper  cubeba. 

CUMIN,  Cuminum  cyminum  —  c.  Eaxix,  Ni- 
gella — c.  des  Pres,  Carum. 

CUMI'NUM  CYMPNUM.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Cummin  or  Cumin  plant,  Cnini'num 
minu'tum  seu  Rorna'num,  Cymi'num,  Cumi'num, 
Carnuha' dium.  Ord.  Umbelliferae.  Sex.  Sijst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  (P.)  Cumin,  Anis  aigre. 
The  seeds  of  cummin,  which  is  a  native  of  Egypt, 
have  a  warm,  bitterish,  disagreeable  taste.  Water 
extracts  their  odour,  and  spirit  takes  up  both 
odour  and  taste.  They  are  not  used,  except  in  a 
plaster,  whii;h  bears  their  name.  When  drunk  in 
wine,  the  aficients  believed  they  produced  pale- 
ness ;  hence,  Horace  called  cummin  exsangue ; 
and  Juvenal,  pallens. — Diosc;>rides,  Pliny. 

Cdminum  Minutum,  C.  cyminum  —  c.  Nigrum, 
Nigella — e.  Pratense,  Carum  —  c.  Romanum,  C. 
cyminum. 

CUMMIN,  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CU'MULUS,  'a  heap  or  pile.'  A  rounded  pro- 
minence, in  the  centre  of  the  proligerous  disk,  in 
which  there  is  a  small  opake  cavity  that  contains 
the  ovum.     See  Tache  embryoniiaire. 

CuMULCS,  Geuminal,  Tache  emhryonnaire — c. 


Germinativus,  Tache  emhryonnaire  —  c.  Prolige- 
rus,  Tache  emhryonnaire. 

CUNEA'LIS  SUTURA,from  cuneus,  'awedge.' 
The  suture  formed  between  the  great  and  little 
ala!  of  the  sphenoid  bone  and  the  os  frontis. — 
Blasius. 

CUNEEN  (P.),  Cunea'nus.  Relating  to  the 
cuneiform  bones. 

Articulations  Cuneennes ;  —  the  joints  between 
the  cuneiform  bones,  as  well  as  between  them 
and  other  parts. 

Ligaments  Cuneennes ;  —  the  ligaments  which 
hold  the  cuneiform  bones  together. 

CU'NEIFORM,  Cuneifor'mis,  Sphenoi'des, 
from  cuneus,  '  a  wedge,'  and  forma,  '  shape.' 
Wedge-fhapied.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
several  bones.  1.  To  the  sphenoid.  2.  To  a 
bone  of  the  carpus,  situate  between  the  os  lunare 
and  os  orbiculare.  It  is,  also,  called  Ch  Pyrami- 
da'le,  Os  Triq'uetrum,  and  Os  Cuhita'le.  3.  To 
the  basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone :  and, 
4.  To  three  of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  which  are 
distinguished,  according  to  situation,  reckoning 
from  within  outwards,  into  first,  second,  and  third, 
—  or  internal,  middle,  and  external:  and  accord- 
ing to  size,  reckoning  in  the  same  order,  into 
great,  small,  and  middle-sized.  The  posterior 
surface  of  these  bones  is  united  to  the  anterior 
face  of  the  scaphoides ;  the  anterior  surface  with 
the  corresponding  metatarsal  bones ;  and,  in  ad- 
dition, the  external  surface  of  the  third  is  articu- 
lated, behind,  with  the  cuboides.  They  are  also 
called  Chalco'idea  ossa  seu  ossic'ula.     ■ 

Cuneiform  Caetilages  op  the  Larynx,  Car- 
tilages  of  Wrisberg,  are  two  small  cylinders  of 
fibro-cartilage,  about  seven  lines  in  length,  and 
enlarged  at  each  extremity.  By  the  base,  the 
cartilage  is  attached  to  the  middle  of  the  exter- 
nal surface  of  the  arytenoid ;  and  its  upper  ex- 
tremity forms  a  prominence  on  the  border  of  the 
aryteno-epiglottidean  fold  of  membrane.  They 
are  sometimes  wanting. 

CUNEO.  In  composition,  appertaining,  or  re- 
lating, to  the  cuneiform  bones. 

Ch'neo-Cu'boid,  Cuneo-cuho'ideus.  Belonging 
to  the  cuneiform  bones  and  cuboides. 

CuNEo-CuBoiD  Articula'tion  is  formed  by  the 
third  cuneiform  bone  and  cuboides.  It  is  fur- 
nished with  a  synovial  capsule,  and  two  cuneo- 
cuboid  ligaments : — a  dorsal  and  a  plantar. 

CU'NEO-SCA'PHOID,  Cuneo-sca2>hot'des.  Be- 
longing to  the  cuneiform  bones  and  scaphoid. 

Cuneo-Scaphoid  Articula'tion  is  formed  by 
the  posterior  surfaces  of  the  three  ossa  cuneifor- 
mia,  and  the  anterior  surface  of  the  scaphoid.  It 
is  furnished  with  a  synovial  capsule  and  liga- 
ments, some  of  which  are  dorsal,  others  plantar. 

CUNILA,  Satureia  capitata  —  c.  Bubula,  Ori- 
ganum. 

Cuni'lA  MaeIA'nA,  Saturei'a  origanoVde.s,  Ca- 
lamin'tha  erec'ta  Virginia' na,  Ditt'any,  American 
or  Ifountain  Dittany,  Mint-leaved  or  Maryland 
Cunila,  Stonemint,  Wild  Basil,  Sweet  Horsemint, 
(P.)  Cunile  d'Amerique.  A  small  indigenous 
herb.  Order,  Labiatse,  growing  on  dry,  shady 
hills,  from  New  England  to  Georgia,  and  flower- 
ing in  June  and  July.  Its  medical  properties 
are  dependent  upon  essential  oils,  like  the  mints. 

Cunila,  Maryland,  Cunila  mariana — c.  Mint- 
leaved,  C.  mariana — c.  Muscula,  Inula  dysente- 
rica  —  c.  Pulegioides,  Hedeoma  pulegioides — c. 
Sativa,  Satureia  hortensis. 

CUNILAGO,  Inula  dysenterica. 

CUNILE  D'AM^EIQ  UE,  Cunila  mariana. 

CUNNUS,  Vulva. 

CUP,  (Sax.)  copp,  Scutel'la,  Catil'lus,  Patel'la, 
Excip'nla,  (P.)  Palette,  Poelette,  PoUelte,  Vase  d 
saigner.     A  small  vessel  of  a  determinate  size, 


CUPAMENI 


265 


CURA 


for  receiving  the  blood  during  venesection.  It 
generally  contains  about  four  ounces.  A  bleed- 
ing of  two  cups  is,  consequently,  one  of  eight 
ounces. 

CUPAMENI,  Acalypha  Indica. 
CUPID ITAS,  Voluntas  — c.    Desedendi,    Vo- 
luntas desedendi. 

CUPIDO,  Appetite.  Also,  Cupid,  the  god  of 
love,  in  ancient  mythology  ; — Dens  coj^ulatio'nis. 
CUPOLA,  see  Infundibulum  of  the  cochlea. 
CUPPED,  see  Corium  phlogisticum. 
CUPPING,  Catacusm'iw,  from  (F.)  couper,  'to 
cut;'  or  to  draw  blood  in  vessels  resembling  cups; 
Ap2)lica'tio  cucurbita'rum  seu  cucurhitula'ruin, 
Ciicurhita'tio.  A  species  of  blood-letting,  per- 
formed by  a  scarificator,  and  glass,  called  a  cup- 
ping-ylass,  Cucurbit' ula ,  Cucurb'ita,  Sic'ua,  (Old 
Engl.)  Bleeding-boist,  (F.)  Ventome.  The  lan- 
cets are  placed  in  such  a  manner  in  the  scari- 
ficator, that,  when  it  is  applied  upon  the  affected 
part,  the  whole  are,  by  means  of  a  spring,  pushed 
suddenly  into  it.  After  scarification,  the  cup- 
ping-glass, which  has  been  previously  exhausted 
by  heat,  or  by  an  exhausting  syringe,  is  applied. 
The  pressure  of  the  air  within  the  glass  being 
thus  diminished,  the  necessary  quantity  of  blood 
may  be  drawn.  See  Bdellometer.  Dry  cupjjing, 
Cucurbit'ulm  sicccs,  is  the  application  of  the 
glasses,  without  previous  scarification  ;  (F.)  Ven- 
touses  secJies.  It  is  used  to  prevent  the  activity 
of  absorption  from  any  wounded  part:  occasion- 
ally, to  excite  suppuration  in  indolent  abscesses; 
and  to  remove  the  pus  when  an  abscess  is  opened. 
Cupping,  without  any  epithet,  means  the  abstrac- 
tion of  blood  by  means  of  the  scarificator  and 
cups:  —  (F.)  Ventouses  scarifiees,  (L.)  Cucurhi- 
tulce  cruentm,  C.  cum  Ferro,  wet  eupjjing.  The 
verb  '  to  cup,'  signifies  to  draw  blood  by  cupping. 
CUP-PLANT,  Silphium  perfoliatum. 
CUPRESSUS,  Kvizapicrcroi,  C.  sempervirens — -c. 
Arbor  vitse.  Thuya  occidentalis  —  c.  Disticha, 
Taxodium  distichum. 

CuPRESs'us  Semperyi'rens,  C.  pyramidu'lis. 
The  systematic  name  of  the  Cupres'sns,  Ci/]xiris'- 
Bus,  Cypress,  (F.)  Cypres.  Nat.  Orel.  Coniferas. 
The  berries,  leaves,  and  wood,  have  been  con- 
sidered astringent  and  useful  in  intermitteuts. 
The  whole  plant  abounds  with  a  bitter,  aromatic, 
and  terebinthinate  fluid. 

CuPRESSUS  Thyoi'des,  White  cedar,  indigenous. 
An  infusion  of  the  tops  is  said  to  be  stomachic, 
and,  when  taken  warm,  diaphoretic. 

CUPRI  AMMONIO-SULPHAS,  Cuprum  am- 
moniatum — c.  et  Ammonise  sulphas.  Cuprum  am- 
moniatum — e.  Diacetas,  C.  subacetas. 

CuPRI  LimATU'rA,  Filings  of  Copper,  (F.) 
Limailles  de  Cuivre,  have  been  used  in  hydro- 
phobia. It  has  been  remarked  under  Cuprum, 
that  they  are  inert. 

CuPRi  Rdbigo,  Cupri  subacetas. 
CuPRi  Sdbace'tas,  C.  Diace'tas  seu  Ruhi'go, 
jSSru'go,  Ver'digris,  Hispan'icwn  vir'ide,  Prasi'- 
num  viride,  Crystals  of  Venus,  Vir'ide  jE'ris. 
JEru'ca,  Cal'cithos,  Subac"etate  of  Copper,  (F.) 
Sous-acetate  de  Cuivre,  Vert-de-gris,  Crystanx  de 
Venus,  Verdet.  Impure  subacetate  of  copper. 
This,  as  usually  met  with,  is  in  masses,  difficult 
to  break  ;  not  deliquescent ;  foliaceous  ;  of  a  fine 
bluish-green  colour,  and  salt  taste.  It  is  tonic, 
emetic,  escharotie,  and  detergent;  but  scarcely 
ever  employed  internally.  Chiefly  used  in  de- 
tergent ointments.  Dose,  as  a  tonic,  under 
i  gr. :  emetic,  from  gr.  j  to  gr.  ij.  Powdered 
verdigris  appears  to  be  the  active  ingredient  in 
Smellome's  Eye-salve,  which  may  be  imitated  by 
rubbing  half  a  drachm  of  finely-powdered  verdi- 
gris with  a  little  oil,  and  then  mixing  it  with  an 
ounce  of  yellow  basilicon. 

An  ointment  composed  of  one  drachm  of  finely- 


powdered  verdigris,  with  an  ounce  of  lard  or  sper- 
maceti ointment,  is  used  in  psoriasis,  tetter,  &c. 

CuPRi  Sulphas,  Vitriolam  Gupjri  seu  Veh'eris 
seu  Cyp'rium  seu  Cyp'rinum  seu  CcBru'leum  sea 
Roma'num,  Cuprum  Vitriola'tum,  Lapis  Cceru'- 
leus.  Sulphate  of  Copper,  Blue  Stone,  Blue  Vitriol, 
Roman  Vitriol,  Mortooth,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  Cuivre, 
is  in  rhomboidal,  rich,  blue,  semi-transparent, 
efiiorescing  crj'stals.  The  taste  is  harsh,  styptic, 
and  corrosive.  It  is  soluble  in  four  parts  of  water 
at  60°,  and  is  tonic,  emetic,  astringent,  and  es- 
charotie. As  a  tonic,  it  has  been  used  in  epi- 
lepsy, intermittents,  <fec.  Dose,  as  a  tonic,  gr. 
g:  to  gr.  ij,  in  pill ;  as  an  emetic,  gr.  ij  to  x,  in 
water.  A  very  weak  solution  is  sometimes  used 
in  ophthalmia  and  in  gleet ;  and  it  forms  the 
basis  of  Bates's  Aqua  cainpjhora'ta,  which  has 
been  recommended,  diluted  with  sixteen  parts  of 
water,  in  the  purulent  ophthalmia  of  children. 

CupRi  Sulphas  Ammoniacalis,  Cuprum  am- 
moniatum — c.  Vitriolum,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CUPRUM,  Chalcos,  ^s,  Venus  of  the  Alchy- 
mists  :  Copper,  Cypi'rium,  Vir'ide  monta'num,  (F.) 
Cuivre.  Its  odour  is  peculiar  and  sensible  when 
rubbed;  taste  disagreeable  and  metallic;  colour 
red  yellow.  S.  g.  7.87;  ductile;  very  malleable; 
less  hard  than  iron  ;  easily  oxidized.  In  its  me- 
tallic state,  it  exerts  no  action  on  the  system. 
When  swallowed,  it  undergoes  no  deleterious 
change.  Copper  cannot  be  dissolved  whilst  tin  is 
in  the  mixture,  and  hence  the  utility  of  tinning 
copper  vessels.  Copper  culinary  vessels  are  harm- 
less under  ordinary  cleanliness,  provided  the  sub- 
stances be  not  suffered  to  remain  in  them  till 
eold.     The  salts  of  copper  are  very  deleterious. 

Cuprum  Aluminatum,  Lapis  divinus. 

Cuprum  Ammonia'tum,  0.  Ammoniaea'le  seu 
Ammoni' acuta  seu  ammoni'aco-sulphu'ricum,  Am- 
monia'ted  Cop)per,  Ammoni' acal  Sulphate  of  Cop- 
per, Ammoni ure' turn  Cupri,  Sal  anti-e2nlep'ticua 
of  Weissman,  Sulfas  Cupri  ammoniaca'lis  seu 
ammoni' ac(B  cupra'tus  seu  Sulfas  Cnjyri  el  Amvio'- 
nicB,  Subsul'fas  ammo' nio-cu' piricus  Deuto-Sulfaa 
Cupri  et  Am.mo'm'ce,  Cupri  Ammo'nio-sulfas, 
Ammo'nicB  Cupro-sul2}has,  Amrno'nio-sulpihate  of 
Copper,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  cuivre  et  d'ammoniaque, 
Cuivre  ammoniacal.  [Cupri  Sidph.'^is;  Amnion. 
Carb.  ^vj.  Rub  in  a  glass  mortar  till  efierves- 
cence  ceases.  Wrap  the  ammoniated  copper  in 
bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat. 
Keep  in  a  well-stopped  glass  bottle. — -Ph.  U.  S.) 
A  crystalline  powder  of  a  rich  violet  colour,  and 
hot,  styptic  taste.  By  exposure  to  air,  it  becomes 
partly  converted  into  carbonate  of  copper.  It  is 
tonic  and  astringent,  and  has  been  chieflj'  em- 
ployed in  epilepsy  and  other  obstinate  spasmodic 
diseases.  Dose,  gr.  I  gradually  increased  to  gr. 
iv,  in  pill. 

CuPRUjr  Vitriolatum,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CU'PULAR,  Cupula' ris,  (F.)  Cupulaire  ;  from 
cupida,  'a  small  cup.'    Of  or  belonging  to  a  cupula. 

CupulAR  Cau'tery,  (F.)  Cautere  cupulaire,  is 
an  iron  in  the  shape  of  a  cupula,  formerly  used  to 
cauterize  the  skin  of  the  cranium  in  certain  dis- 
eases, as  epilepsy,  chronic  headach,  <&c. 

CURA,  Cura'tio,  3Ierim'na,  Merim'ne.  At- 
tention to,  or  treatment  or  cure  of,  a  disease. 
Keuchen  defines  Cura,  'medicine,'  and  Curator, 
'the  physician.'  Curatio,  also,  sometimes  means 
purification;  as,  Ade2:>s  suillus  ciiratiis.  —  Scribo- 
nius  Largus. 

Cura  Avena'cea.  A  decoction  of  oats  and 
succory  roots,  in  which  a  little  nitre  and  sugar 
are  dissolved.     Used  as  a  refrigerant. 

Cura  Derivativa,  Derivation — c.  Fumigatoria, 
Thymiatechny. 

Cura  Magna.  'Great  cure.'  A  term  em- 
ployed, at  times,  for  a  method  of  treatment  pre- 
ferable  to   all   others.     Thus   ptyalism   has.  by 


CURABLE 


266 


CUSPARIA  BARK 


many,  been  considered  the  "  euro  magna"  for 
?3'philis. 

CuRA  Medeana,  Transfusion  —  c.  Palliativa, 
see  Palliative  —  c.  Radicalis,  see  Palliative  —  c. 
Revulsoria,  see  Derivation. 

CU'RABLE,  Sanab'ilis,  Aces'tos,  Aces'mius, 
Ids'i'mos,  3Iedieah'ili8,  Bled'icable,  San'able,  (F.) 
Giierissable.  That  which  is  susceptible  of  cure. 
An  epithet  applied  to  both  patients  and  diseases. 

GURAGE,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 

CURA'RE,  Wourali,  Woorali,  Woorara,  Wou- 
rari,  Wooraru,  Wurali,  Urari,  Ural!,  Ourari, 
Voorara.  A  very  energetic  vegetable  poison, 
employed  by  the  South  American  Indians  to 
poison  their  arrows.  It  is  said  to  be  obtained  from 
the  bark  of  a  species  of  convolvulus,  called  Vejuco 
de  Jilavacure,  but  is  referred  by  Martius  to  Strych- 
no8  Guianen'sis,  and  by  Dr.  Schomburg  to  S. 
toxica'ria  seu  toxif'era.  The  juice  of  EcTii'tee 
suberec'ta,  another  apocyanaceous  plant,  is  said  to 
enter  into  its  composition.  Dr.  Brainard  thinks 
it  contains  the  poison  of  serpents  as  its  main  in- 
gredient. 

CURA'TIO,  Ifede'la,  Sana'tio,  A'cesia,  Al- 
thex'is,  Althax'is,  Therapei'a,  lUsia,  Curation, 
Treatment  (P.)  Traitement.  The  aggregate  of 
means  employed  for  the  cure  of  disease.  See 
Therapeutics. 

CuRATio,  Cura,  Cure  —  e.  Contrariorum  per 
Contraria,  Allopathy  —  c.  Morbi  per  Inediam, 
Limntherapia. 

CU'RATIVE,  San'ative,  San'atory,  Healing, 
Aoesoplt'ortis,  Acesino' sus.  Relating  to  the  cure 
of  a  disease.  Curative  Indications  are  those 
which  point  out  the  treatment  to  be  employed. 
Curative  Treatment,  that  employed  in  the  cure  of 
disease,  in  opposition  to  preservative  or  prophy- 
lactic treatm.ent.  We  say,  also,  Curative  Process, 
Curative  Ifeans,  &o. 

CURATOR  INFIRMORUM,  Infirmier. 

CURCAS  PURGANS,  Jatropha  curcas. 

CURCULIO,  Penis. 

CURCUMA  ANGUSTIPOLIA,  see  Arrow- 
root— c.  Aromatica,  Kfempferia  rotunda. 

Cdrcu'ma  Longa,  Curcu'ma,  Amo'mum  Onr- 
cu'ma,  Borri,  Bor'riberri,  Cober'ri,  (Hindoostan,) 
Crocus  In'dicus,  Terra  3fer'ita,  Cannac'orus  ra- 
di'ce  cro'ceo,  Mayel'la,  Kna  Kaha,  Cype'rus 
In'dicus,  KVTTetpog  IvSiKo;  of  Dioscorides  [?],  Tur- 
merio,  (P.)  Racine  de  Safran,  Snfran  des  Indes, 
Souchet  des  Indes.  Ord.  Zingiberaceae.  Tur- 
meric root— the  rhizotna  of  curcuma  longa — Cur- 
cuma {Ph.  U.  S.),  is  brought  from  the  East  Indies; 
but  is  possessed  of  very  little,  if  any,  medicinal 
efficacy.  It  is  one  of  the  ingredients  in  Curry 
Powder. 

CuRCTJiMA  Zedoaria,  see  Kaempferia  rotunda, — 
c.  Zerumbet,  see  Kaempferia  rotunda. 

CURD,  Curd  of  Milk,  Lacpres'sum,  (P.)  CailU, 
Lait  caille.  The  coagulated  or  curdled  {Coao'tus, 
Coagula'tus,  (P.)  Caille  ou  Caillebotte,}  part  of 
milk. 

Curd,  Alum,  Coagulum  aluminosum. 

CURE ;  from  cura,  '  care.'  Aces'ia,  A'eesis, 
Aces'mus,  Cura'tio,  C.  felix,  Sana'tio,  San'itas, 
(P.)  Guerison.  A  restoration  to  health;  also,  a 
remedy ;  a  restorative. 

CURE-ALL,  Geum  Virginianum,  CEnothera 
biennis. 

CUREDENT,  Dentiscalpium. 

CURE  DU  RAT  SIN,  Grape-cure. 

CURE-LANGUE,  (P.)  Linguce  scalpium, 
Tongue-scraper.  An  instrument  of  ivory,  tor- 
toise-shell, &c.,  shaped  like  a  knife  or  rasp,  for 
removing  the  mucous  coating  which  covers  the 
tongue  after  sleep,  &c.  " 

GURE-OREILLE,  Ear-pick. 

CURETTE,  Seoop. 

CURMI,  Courmi. 


CURRANT,  BLACK,  Ribes  nigrum  — c.  Red, 
Ribes  rubrum, 

CURRANTS,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

CURRY  or  CURRIE  POWDER.  A  condi- 
ment, formed  of  various  spices,  and  eaten  with 
rice,  particularly  in  India.  The  following  is  one 
of  the  forms  of  its  preparations :  Sem.  coriand. 
^ xviii,  joj'^j.  nigr.  ^^ij,  eayen.  ^j,  rod.  curcumce., 
sem.  cumini,  aa  ,^iij,  sem.  foenugr.  ^iv  :  mix. 

CURSUMA  H^MORRHOIDALIS  HERBA, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CURSUS,  Running  —  c.  Matricis,  Leucorrhcea 
— c.  Menstruus.  Menses. 

CURVAMEN,  Curvature. 

CURVATEUR  BU  COCCYX,  Curvator  Coc- 
cygis. 

CURVATIO,  Campsis. 

CURVA'TOR  COCCY'GIS,  (P.)  Curvatetir  du 
Coccyx.  Sommering  gives  this  name  to  a  small 
bundle  of  fleshy  fibres,  which  descends  on  the 
middle  of  the  coccyx,  uniting  on  each  side  with 
the  ischio-coccygei  muscles.  It  is  a  part  of  those 
muscles. 

CUR'VATURE,  Curvatu'ra,  Curva'men,  Fle.v- 
u'ra,  Gnamp'sis,  from  curvare,  curvatmn,  '  to 
bend.'  Cyrto'ma,  (F.)  Courbure.  The  condition 
of  a  line  or  surface,  which  approximates  more  or 
less  to  the  form  of  an  arc;  as  the  curvatures  of 
the  spine,  duodenum,  stomach,  &c.  Accidental 
curvatures  of  bones  are  the  effect  of  rickets,  or 
Mollifies  ossium.  The  Greeks  called  the  curva- 
ture of  the  spine,  'ujSof,  ckoXio;,  and  \opioi,  accord- 
ing as  the  deviation  was  backwards,  laterally,  or 
forwards. 

Curvature,  Pott's,  Vertebral  disease. 

CURVE  OF  CARUS,  see  Pelvis. 

CURVED  LINES,  Lin'ecB  semicircula'res  ex- 
ter'nce  seu  arcua'tcs,  (F.)  Courbes  Lignes.  Two 
crooked  lines  or  projections  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  occipital  bone.  They  are  distinguished 
into  superior  and  inferior.  Some  lines  on  the  os 
innominatum  are  also  so  called. 

CURVIMER,  Cucumis  sativus. 

CUSCO-CINCHONIA,  Aricina. 

CUSCUS,  Andropogon  muricatus. 

CUSCUTA,  C.  Europeea. 

CuscuTA  CiiLOROCARPA,  sce  C.  Glomorata. 

Cuscu'ta  Epith'ymum,  C.  minor.  The  system- 
atic name  of  the  Dodder  of  Thyme,  Epith'ymum, 
Epith'ymum  Cuscu'ta  seu  Cre'ticum.  Ord.  Con- 
volvulacese.  A  parasitical  plant,  possessed  of  a 
strong,  disagreeable  smell,  and  a  pungent  taste 
very  durable  in  the  mouth.  It  was  once  used  as 
cathartic  in  melancholia. 

Cuscuta  Europ^'a  seu  major  seu  vulga'ris  seu 
tetran' dra  seu  filiform'is,  Cuscu'ta,  Epith'ymum 
ofjicina'rum,  was  conceived  to  possess  similar 
properties. 

Cuscuta  Pilipormis,  C.  Europsea. 

Cuscuta  Glomera'ta,  and  Cuscuta  Chloro- 
CAr'pA,  Dodder,  Amer'ican  Dodder,  indigenous 
plants,  are  bitterish,  subastringent,  tonic,  and 
antiperiodic. 

Cuscuta  Major,  C.  Europasa  —  e.  Minor,  C. 
Epithymuin — c.  Tetrandra,  C.  Europaea — c.  Vul- 
garis, C.  Europsea. 

CUSHIA,  Heracleum  spondylium. 

CUSHY-COW-LADY,  Coccinella  septempunc- 
tata. 

CUSPARIA  BARK,  see  C.  Febrifuga— c.  Bark, 
False,  Brucea  antidysenterica,  and  Strj^ehnos 
nux  vomica. 

Cuspa'ria  Febrif'uga,  Bonplan'dia  trifo- 
lia'ta  seu  angustu'ra,  Angustu'ra  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Galipap.'a  febrifuga.  Order,  Rutacese.  The 
South  American  tree  which  furnishes  the  Cnspia'- 
ria  or  Angustura  Dark,  (P.)  Angnsture  ou  Angos- 
ture  vraie,  Quinquina  faux  de  Virginre.  Accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Hancock,  however,  the  Angustura  bark 


CUSPIS 


267 


CYANIC 


is  derived  from  GalrpcB'a  officinale,  Sex.  Syst. 
Decandria  Monogynia,  Nat.  Ord.  Diosmese  ;  and 
this  view  has  been  adopted  in  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States.  Its  odour  is  peculiar:  taste 
intensely  bitter  and  slightly  aromatic;  pieces 
thin;  externally,  gray  and  -wrinkled;  internally, 
yellowish-fawn;  fracture,  short  and  resinous.  It 
yields  its  virtues  to  water  and  to  proof  spirit.  It 
is  tonic,  stimulant,  and  aromatic.  Dose,  gr.  \  to 
XX  or  more,  in  powder. 

CUSPIS.  A  spear.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  the  glans  penis.  —  Rolfink.  It  meant, 
also,  a  kind  of  bandage. 

CUSTODIA  VIRGINITATIS,  Hymen. 

GUSTOS,  Vulva. 

CUT,  from  (F.)  couteau,  'a,  knife,'  or  from 
"West  Gothic,  kota,  '  to  cut ;'  or  from  Ko-nria,  '  I 
cut.'  CcBsu'ra,  Tome,  Tucis'to,  Vulnus  simplex. 
Tresis  vulniis  simplex,  Cope,  (F.)  Cotipure.  A 
common  expression  for  the  division  or  solution 
of  continuity  made  by  a  sharp  instrument. 

CUTAM'BULUS,  from  cutis,  'skin,'  and  am- 
6mZo, 'I  walk.'  '  Walking  in  the  skin.'  An  epithet 
given  to  certain  parasitical  animals,  which  creep 
under  the  skin — such  as  the  Guinea-worm;  and 
to  certain  pains  felt  between  the  skin  and  flesh, 
as  it  were. 

CUTANEAL,  Cutaneous. 

CUTANEO-SOURCILIER,  Corrugator  su- 
percilii. 

CUTA'NEOUS,  Cuta'neal,  Cuta'neus,  (F.)  Cu- 
tane,  from  cittis,  'the  skin.'    Belonging  to  the  skin. 

CuTAXEOus  Diseases^,  Eruptions,  Epiphy'- 
mata,  are  the  numerous  affections  of  a  morbid 
character  to  which  the  skin  is  liable — Eermato- 
2}athi'a,  Dermato'ses. 

Chronic  cutaneous  diseases  may  be  thus  classi- 
fied : 

(  Urticaria. 

1.  Exanthematous  <  Roseola. 

(  Erythema, 
f  Pemphigus. 
I  Rupia. 

2.  Vesicular -]  Herpes. 

Scabies.  [?] 
[  Eczema. 

3.  Pustular UT'^^^"- 

[  Ecthyma. 

(  Lichen. 

4.  Papular \  Strophulus. 

[  Prurigo. 
r  Lepra. 

5.  Squamous \  Psoriasis. 

(  Pityriasis, 
f  Acne. 
I  Sycosis. 

6.  Folliculous -j  Ichthyosis. 

I  Trichosis. 
l^Favus. 

Cutaneous  Exhalation  and  Absorption  are 
those  which  take  place  from  the  skin. 

Cutaneous,  Middle  Posterior,  see  Sciatic 
nerve,  lesser. 

Cutaneous  Nerves,  Cutaneal  Nerves,  so 
called,  of  the  upper  extremity,  are  two  in  num- 
ber. They  are  given  off  from  the  brachial  plexus. 
The  internal  cutaneous,  Cubito-cutane,  (Ch.,)  de- 
scends along  the  inner  part  of  the  arm,  and  di- 
vides above  the  elbow  into  two  branches ;  the 
outermost  of  which  follows  the  outer  edge  of  the 
biceps,  and  spreads  over  the  anterior  and  inner 
part  of  the  forearm;  and  the  innermost  accom- 
panies the  basilic  vein,  passing  to  the  correspond- 
ing side  of  the  hand  and  little  finger.  The  exter- 
7inl  cutaneous,  Radio-cutane  (Ch.,)  Mus'culo-Cu- 
ta'neus.  Per' forans  Casse'rii,  passes  outwards  ; 
perforates  the  coraeo-brachialis ;  descends  along 
the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  arm ;  passes 


as  far  as  the  middle  fold  of  the  elbow  under  the 
median  cephalic;  and  descends  along  the  ante, 
rior  and  outer  edge  of  the  forearm.  At  some 
distance  above  the  wrist,  it  divides  into  two 
branches;  an  outer,  which  is  distributed  on  the 
back  of  the  hand,  the  thumb  and  index  finger; 
and  an  inner,  which  descends  on  the  mu.scles  of 
the  thumb  into  the  palm  of  the  hand,  and  divides 
into  fine  filaments,  which  may  be  traced  to  the 
fingers. 

Cutaneous  nerves,  Middle  cutaneous,  two  in 
number,  are  branches  of  the  crural  or  femoral 
nerve.  They  are  distributed  to  the  integument 
of  the  middle  and  lower  part  of  the  thigh  and 
of  the  knee. 

Nervus  Cutaneus  3Iinor,  Lesser  internal  cuta- 
neous nerve,  Nerve  of  Wrisherg,  takes  its  origin 
from  the  axillary  plexus,  but  is  more  particu- 
larly connected  with  the  ulnar  nerve.  It  soon 
separates  from  the  ulnar,  running  afterwards  be- 
tween it  and  the  inner  side  of  the  arm.  A  little 
below  the  axilla  it  divides  into  two  branches, 
which  are  distributed  to  the  arm. 

Chaussier  calls  the  cephalic  and  basilic  veins 
the  Radial  and  Cubital  Cutaneous. 

CUTCH,  Catechu. 

CUTE,  Malleolus. 

CUTI.  Catechu. 

CUTICLE,  Epidermis  —  c.  of  the  Enamel,  see 
Enamel. 

CUTICULA,  Epidermis. 

CUTIO,  Oniscus. 

CUTIS,  Pellis,  Pella,  Co'rium,  Eerrna,  Eeris, 
Anthro'pe,  Authro'pen,  Skin,  (F.)  Peau,  Eerme, 
A  dense,  resisting  membrane,  of  a  flexible  and 
extensible  nature,  which  forms  the  general  en- 
velope of  the  body;  and  is  continuous  with  the 
mucous  membranes,  through  the  different  natural 
apertures.  It  is  generally  considered  to  be  formed 
of  three  distinct  la3'ers  —  the  epidermis,  rete  or 
more  properly  corjjus  mucosum,  and  corium  {cutis 
vera,  derma).  Some  anatomists,  however,  sepa- 
rate it  into  several  others.  Its  outer  surface  is 
covered  by  a  number  of  small  eminences,  called 
papillae,  which  are  generally  regarded  as  essen- 
tially nervous  and  vascular.  The  skin  is  our 
medium  of  communication  with  external  bodies. 
It  protects  the  subjacent  parts;  is  the  seat  of 
touch;  and  through  it  are  exhaled  the  watery 
parts  of  the  blood,  which  are  not  needed  in  the 
nutrition  of  the  body.  The  state  of  the  skin,  as 
regards  heat  and  dryness,  affords  useful  informa- 
tion in  pathological  investigations.  Its  colour, 
too,  requires  attention:  the  paleness  of  disease  is 
as  characteristic  as  the  rosy  complexion  of  health. 
The  colour  of  the  skin  varies  according  to  the 
age,  sex,  &c.  As  a  general  rule,  it  is  finer  in  the 
female  and  child  than  in  the  male  and  adult.  In 
old  age  it  becomes  light-coloured,  thin,  and  dry. 
It  likewise  varies  according  to  the  races,  itc. 

Cutis  Anseeina,  Horrida  cutis  —  c.  Carnosa, 
Panniculus  carnosus — c.  Extima,  Epidermis — c. 
Linguae,  see  Tongue  —  c.  Suilla,  Couenne  —  c. 
Summa,  Epidermis — c.  Tensa  Chronica,  Indura- 
tion of  the  cellular  tissue — c.  Ultima,  Epidermis 
— c.  Vera,  Corium,  see  Cutis. 

CUTITIS,  Cytitis,  Erysipelatous  inflammation. 

CUTLINS,  Groats. 

CUTTING  ON  THE  GRIPE,  see  Lithotomy. 

CUTTLE  FISH,  Sepia. 

_  CUTTUBUTH,  Cutubuth,  Kutubuth,  Lencomo'- 
ria,  llelanchol'ia  crrabund'a.  The  Arabian 
physicians  gave  this  name  to  a  species  of  melan- 
choly, accompanied  with  so  much  agitation,  that 
the  patients  cannot  remain  tranquil  for  the  space 
of  an  hour. 

CUURDO  CANELLA,  Laurus  cinnamomum. 
CTAN'IC,    Cijan'icus,     (F.)     Cyaniquej    froDJ 


CYANEPHIDROSIS 


268 


CYLLOSOMUS 


Kvavos,  'blue.'     An  epithet  for  the  blue  stage  of 
a  malady — as  cholera. 

CYANEPHIDRO'SIS,  from  Kvavog,  'blue/  etti, 
an  augm.entative  preposition,  and  iSpoio,  'I  sweat.' 
Copious  perspiration,  which  colours  the  linen 
blue. 

CYANODERMIA,  Cyanopathy. 

CYAX'OGEN,  (F.)  Cyanogene;  from  Kvavog, 
'blue,'  and  ycwata,  'I  generate.'  So  called  from 
its  being  an  ingredient  in  Prussian  blue.  It 
forms,  with  oxygen,  the  cyanic  and  other  acids  j 
with  hydrogen,  the  hydrocyanic  acid. 

CYAXOP'ATHY,  Cymmpathi'a,  Cyano'sis,  C. 
cardi'aca,  Cyanoder'mia,  Hamato-cyano' sis,  Hcb- 
mato-cynnopathia,  Kymio'sis,  llorbns  ccBru'leus, 
Ccrrulu'sis  neonato'rvm,  from  Kuai/os,  'blue,'  and 
■aa^oq,  'affection.'  (F.)  Gyanose,  Maladie  bleu, 
Jctere  bleu.  A  disease  in  which  the  surface  of 
the  body  is  coloured  blue.  It  is  often  symptom- 
atic, and  commonly  depends  on  a  direct  com- 
munication remaining  between  the  cavities  of 
the  right  and  left  side  of  the  heart;  Pa'tency 
of  the  fora'vien  ova'le.  Acleitrocardie.  —  Piorry. 
Such  communication  does  not,  however,  always 
occasion  the  blue  disease,  but  it  is  generally 
thought  that  the  disease  never  exists  without 
this  state  of  parts ;  or  without  some  obstacle  to 
the  circulation  in  the  right  side  of  the  heart. 
The  blueness  does  not  seem  to  be  owing  to  the 
admixture  of  black  and  red  blood.  A  child 
affected  with  blueness  is  said  to  be  cyanosed, 
(F.)   Cyanose. 

GYANOSE,  see  Cyanosis. 

CYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy— c.  Pulmonalis,  Ate- 
lectasis pulmonum. 

CYANURETUM  FERRO-ZmCICUM,  Zinci 
ferro-hydrocyanas. 

CYANUS,  Centaurea  cyanus  —  c.  jEgyptiacus, 
Nymphasa  nelumbo. 

Cy'anus  SEG"ETUjr,  Bluebottle,  (F.)  Bluet  ou 
Bleuet  des  3Ioisso)is,  Barbeau,  Anbifoin,  Gasse- 
Lunettes.  Ord.  Composite.  The  blue  flowers 
of  this  European  plant,  (Kvavo;,  'blue,')  when 
distilled  with  water,  have  been  used  in  ophthal- 
mia. 

CYAR,  Kvap.  'The  eye  of  a  needle,'  'a  small 
hole.'  The  Meatus  audito'rius  internus.  See 
Auditory  canal  (internal). 

CYATHIS'CUS,  diminutive  of  Kva$tou  'a  bowl.' 
The  concave  part  of  a  sound,  made  like  a  small 
spoon,  as  in  the  case  of  the  ear-pick. 

CY'ATHUS,  'a  bowl.'  A  measure,  both  of  the 
liquid  and  dry  kind,  equal  to  about  an  ounce  and 
a  half,  or  to  the  tenth  part  of  a  pint.  According 
to  Pliny  and  Galen,  about  10  drachms. 

CvATHUS  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the  brain. 

CYBE,  Head. 

CYBITON,  Cubitus. 

CYBOIDES,  Cuboid. 

CYCAS  CIRCINALIS,  see  Sago— c.  Revoluta, 
see  Sago. 

CYC'EON,  from  Kvxau),  'I  mix  together.'  The 
ancient  name  of  a  medicine  of  the  consistence  of 
pap,  composed  of  wine,  water,  honey,  flour, 
barley  meal,  and  cheese. — Hippocrates. 

CYCLAMEN  EUROP^'UM,  Arthani'ta,  A. 
cyc'lamen,  Gyclam'inus,  Cyssan'themon,  Gysso- 
phyl'lon,  Pauls  porci'nus,  Gas'amum,  Chyli'ne, 
Sow-bread.  Ord.  Primulacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Blonogynia.  (F.)  Pain  du  Porceau.  The 
fresh  root  is  said  to  be  acrid,  bitter,  drastic,  and 
anthelmintic.  Dose,  ,^j.  For  external  use,  see 
Arthanita. 

CYCLE,  Gychis,  from  kvkXo;,  'a  circle.'  A 
period  or  revolution  of  a  certain  number  of  years 
or  days.  The  Methodists  gave  this  name  to  an 
aggregate  of  curative  means,  continued  during 


a  certain  number  of  days.  Nine  was  the  usual 
number. 

Cycle,  Hebdom'adal  or  Heptal.  A  period  of 
seven  days  or  years,  which,  according  to  some, 
either  in  its  multiple  or  submultiple,  governs  an 
immense  number  of  phenomena  of  animal  life. 

CYCLISCUS,  Cyclismus. 

CYCLIS'MUS.  A  Troch,  T>-ochis'cus.  This 
name,  as  well  as  Gyclis'cus,  was  also  given  to  a 
circular  kind  of  rasp.  They  have  the  same  ety- 
mon as  cycle. 

CYCLOCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Cycloe^phale,  from 
kvkXos,  'a  circle,'  and  KSKpaXrj,  'head.'  A  monster 
whose  eyes  are  in  contact,  or  united  in  one. 

CYCLOPHOR'IA,  from  kvk\os,  'a  circle,'  and 
(pspii),  '  I  bear.'  The  circulation  of  the  blood  or 
other  fluids. 

CYCLO'PIA.  Same  etymon  as  Cyclops.  State 
of  a  monster  that  has  both  eyes  united  into  one. 
Called,  also,  Jtfonops'ia  and  Jihinencephal'ia. 

Cyclopia  Genistoi'des  ;  Nat.  Ord.  Legumi- 
nosse.  A  South  African  plant,  the  decoction  and 
infusion  of  which  are  used  as  expectorants  in 
chronic  bronchitis  and  in  phthisis. 

CYCLOPS,  KVK\tt>\p,  from  kvkXo;,  'an  orb  or 
circle,'  and  wi/',  'an  eye.'  Monoc'ulus,  3fonops, 
Monojihthal'mus,  Ilonom'matus,  Unioc'idus,  Unoc'- 
nlus.  A  monster  having  but  one  eye,  and  that 
placed  in  the  middle  of  the  forehead,  like  the 
fabulous  Cyclops. 

CYCLOSIS,  Circulation. 

GYGLOTOME,  Gyclot'omus,  from  kvkXo?,  'a 
circle,' and  tcjjlvuv,  'to  cut.'  An  instrument,  com- 
posed of  a  ring  of  gold  and  a  cutting  blade,  by 
means  of  which  the  ball  of  the  eye  can  be  fixed, 
whilst  the  cornea  is  cut.  It  was  invented  by  a 
surgeon  of  Bordeaux,  named  Guerin,  for  extract- 
ing the  cataract.     It  is  not  used. 

CYCLUS,  Circulus. 

CYDONIA,  Pyrus  cydonia  —  c.  Maliformis, 
Pyrus  cydonia — c.  Vulgaris,  P3'tus  cydonia. 

CYDONIA'TUM,  Gydona'tum,  Dyacydoni'tesf 
A  composition  of  the  Cydonia  mala  or  quinces, 
with  the  addition  of  spices. — Paulus  of  ^jlgina. 

CYDONIUM,  see  Pyrus  Cydonia— c.  Malum, 
see  Pyrus  cydonia. 

CYE'MA,  Kvijfia,  from  kuu,  'I  conceive.'  Con- 
ception. Likewise  the  product  of  conception. 
See  Embryo,  and  Foetus. 

CYESIOGNO'MON,  from  Kvr.an,  'pregnancy,' 
and  yvw/^d))/,  'asign,  a  token.'  A  sign  of  pregnancy. 

CYESIOGNO'SIS,  from  Kwriq,  'pregnancy,' 
and  yiiwais,  'knowledge.'  Diagnosis  of  pregnancy. 

CYESIOL'OGY,  Cyesiolog"ia,  from  Kvnc^tg, 
'pregnancy,'  and  Xoyo;,  'a  description.'  The 
doctrine  of  gestation. 

CYESIS,  Conception,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

CYESTEINE,  Kiesteine. 

CYLICH'NE,  Cylichnis.  A  pill-box  or  earth- 
enware pot,  or  small  cup  ;  from  kvXi^,  '  a  cup.' — 
Galen,  Foesius. 

CYLINDRI,  see  Villous  membranes — c.  Mem- 
branacei  renum,  see  Calix. 

CYL'INDROID,  Cylindroi'des,  from  KvXtvSpos, 
'cylinder,'  and  tiiog,  'form.'  Having  the  form 
of  a  cylinder.  Chaussier  calls  the  Cornu  Ammo- 
nis,  Protuberance  cylindro'ide. 

CYLINDROIDES,  Teres. 

CYLLOEPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

CYLLOPODA,  see  Kyllosis. 

CYLLOPODION,  see  Kyllosis. 

CYLLO'SIS,  KvWtiiaig.  Lameness,  mutilation, 
or  vicious  conformation. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 
See  Kyllosis. 

CYLLOSO'MUS,  from  kvWos,  '  crooked,' and 
<r(i)/ja,  '  body.'  A  malformation  by  defect,  in 
which  the  fissure  and  eventration  are  lateral, 
chiefly  in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  the  ia- 


CYMATODES 


269 


CYNANCHE  TRACHEALIS 


ferior   extremity  of  the    side   affected  with    the 
fissure  absent,  or  very  little  developed. — Vogel. 

CYMATO'DES.  Undo'sus  from  Kv^a,  'a  wave/ 
and  ei5of,  '  resemblance.'     The  vacillating,  undu- 
latory  character  of  the  pulse  in  weak  individuals. 
CYMBA,  Vulva. 

CYMBALARIA  ELATINE,  Antirhinum  ela- 
tine — c.  Muralis,  Antirhinum  linaria. 
CYMBALARIS,  Cricoid. 
CYMBIFORMB  OS,  Scaphoid  bone. 
CYMBOPOGON    SCH(ENANTHUS,    Juneus 
odoratus. 

CYMINUM,  Cuminum  cyminum. 
CYMOGRAPHION,  Kymographion. 
CYNAN'CHE,  Ancji'na,  from  kvoiv,  kwo;,  '  a 
dog,'  and  ayx/J,  'I  suffocate'  [?],  'Bog  choak,' 
Sore  Throat,  (Old  E.)  Swensie,  Swin'acie;  Para- 
cyiian'cJie,  Synan'clie,  Prunel'la,  Squinan'thia, 
Empres'ma  Paristlvmi'tis,  Cauma  Paristhnii'tis, 
Isthmi'tis,  PariHhnii'tis,  Inflammatio  Fau'cium. 
Inflammation  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  portion 
of  the  alimentary  canal,  and  of  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  upper  part  of  the  air-passages  : — (P.) 
Aiigine,  Esquinancie,  3Jal  de  Gorge,  Si/imncie, 
Sqninancie,  Kinancie.  It  comprises  the  follow- 
ing chief  varieties. 

Cynanche  Epidemica,  Cynanche  maligna — c. 
Externa,  C.  Parotidsea — c.  Faucium,  C.  tonsillaris 
— c.  Gangrasnosa,  Cynanche  maligna — c.  Laryn- 
gea,  Laryngitis. 

Cynanche  Malig'na,  0.  gangrmno'aa  seu  epi- 
dem'ica  seu  pur'pKro-parotidai'a  seu  ulcero'sa, 
Febris  cpidem'ica  ciim  Angi'nd,  Emjyres' ma  Pu- 
risthmi'tis  Malig'na,  Tonsilla'rum  ga/ngrcB'na, 
Tonsil'lcB  peslilen'tes,  Epidem'ica  giitturis  lues, 
Pestllens  fau'cium  affec'tus,  Pcedan' chone  [?], 
Gangrana  Tonsilla'rum,  Ulcus  Syriacum.,  Gar- 
rotil'lo,  Gariun' eidas  angino'sus,  Angi'na  ulcero'sa 
seu  idcusculo' sa  seu  epidem'ica  seu  gangrcsno'sa 
seu  malig'na.  seufau'cinm  malig'na,  Isthmoty'phvs, 
Putrid  or  Ulcerous  Sore  Throat,  Gangrenous  In- 
fiammation  of  the  Pharynx,  (F.)  Angine  gan- 
greneuse  ou  Maligne.  It  is  characterized  by 
crimson  redness  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
fauces  and  tonsils ;  ulcerations,  covered  with 
mucus ;  and  spreading  sloughs,  of  an  ash  or 
whitish  hue ;  the  accompanying  fever  typhus. 
It  is  often  epidemic,  and  generally  contagious  [?]  ; 
and  is  frequently  found  accompanying  scarlet 
fever, — giving  rise  to  the  variety.  Scarlatina  ma- 
ligna, Canlcer  rash.  Cynanche  maligna  has  been 
made  to  include  both  diphtheritic  and  gangrenous 
pharyngitis.     See  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic. 

The  general  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  typhus  ; 
and  stimulant  antiseptic  gargles  must  be  used, 
consisting,  for  example,  of  the  decoction  of  bark 
and  muriatic  acid. 

Cynanche  Maxillaris,  c.  Parotidasa — c.  (Eso- 
phagea,  (Esophagitis. 

Cynanche  Parotid^'a,  0.  Parotides  seu  ex- 
ter'na  seu  maxilla' ris,  Empres'ma  Paroti'tis, 
Parotitis,  P.  epidem'ica  seu  erysipielato'sa  seu 
contagio'sa  seu  spu'ria  seu  sero'so  glu'fine  tu'- 
viens,  Parot'ia,  Parotidi'tis,  Angina  maxilla'ris 
seu  externa  seu  parotida'a  externa,  GIssa,  Ery- 
throchoe'ras,  Genyocynan'che,  Gnathocynan'  che, 
Inflamma'tio  paro'tidum,  Infla'tio  paro'tidnm, 
Catar'rhus  Bellinsula'nus,  Pranks  (Scotch), 
Mnmps,  ("S.)  Inflammation  de  la  Parotide,  Oreil- 
lons,  Ourles.  The  characteristic  symptoms  are  : 
— a  painful  tumour  of  the  parotid  gland,  or  of 
the  cellular  tissue  surrounding  it,  or  of  both,  not 
of  the  suppurative  kind;  frequently  extending  to 
the  maxillary  gland.  It  is  very  conspicuous  ex- 
ternally, and  is  often  accompanied  with  swelling 
of  the  testes  in  the  male,  and  of  the  maramte  in 
the  female;  the  testes  being  sometimes  absorbed 
afterwards.  It  is  generally  epidemic,  and  appa- 
rently  contagious.  [?]     The   treatment  is  very 


simple;  the  adoption  merely  of  the  antiphlogistic 
plan,  under  which  it  usually  soon  disappears. 
When  infiammation  of  the  mammae  or  testes 
supervenes,  it  must  be  treated  as  if  idiopathic. 

Epidem'ic  Paroti'tis  or  Mumps  is  also  termed 
Paroti'tis  polymor'pha  seu  epidem' ica  seu  s^^e- 
cif'ica. 

Cynanche  Pharynge'a,  Empres'ma  Paris- 
thmi'tis  Pharyngea,  Isthmi'tis,  Pharyngi'tis,  In- 
flamma'tio Pharyn'gis,  Parasynan' che,  AngincB 
inflammatoricB,  Sp.  iv. — (Boerhave.)  (F.)  An- 
gine Pharyngee,  Catarre  pharyngien.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  pharynx. 

This  disease  can  hardly  be  said  to  differ,  in 
pathology  or  treatment,  from  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris. The  same  may  be  remarked  of  the  Cynan- 
che (Esophage'a,  GEsophagi'tis. 

Cynanche  Prunella,  C.  Tonsillaris  —  c.  Pur- 
puro-parotidasa,  Cynanche  maligna — c.  Simplex, 
Isthmitis — e.  Stridula,  C.  trachealis. 

Cynanche  Tonsilla'ris,  C.  fau'cium  seu  Pru- 
nella, Einpresma  Paristhmi'tis  Tonsilla'ris,  Sy- 
nan'che,  Amygdali'tis,  Brand,  Branchi,  Hyan' - 
che,  Tonsilli'tis,  Paristh'mia,  Paristhmi'tis,  Dys- 
pha'gia  inflammato'ria,  Antiadi'tis,  Angina  in- 
flammato' ria  seu  cum  tumo're  seu  tonsilla'ris  seu 
synocha'lis  seu  sanguin'ea  seu  vera  et  legit'ima, 
Inflamma'tio  Tonsilla'rum,  Antiadon'cus  inflam- 
mato'rius,  Inflammatory  Sore  Throat,  Common 
Squinancy,  Squinzey,  Squinsy  or  Quinsy,  (F.) 
Amygdalite,  Inflammation  des  Amygdnles,  Angine 
fonsillaire,  Pharyngite  tonsillaire,  Esquinancie, 
Squinancie,  Catarrhe  guttural,  Angine  gutturals 
inflammatoire.  The  characteristic  symptoms  of 
this  affection  are,  swelling  and  florid  redness  of 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  fauces,  and  espe- 
cially of  the  tonsils  ;  painful  and  impeded  deglu- 
tition, accompanied  with  inflammatory  fever.  It 
is  generally  ascribed  to  cold,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  common  affections  of  cold  and  temperate 
climates.  It  usually  goes  off  by  resolution,  but 
frequently  ends  in  suppuration. 

Common  sore  throat  is  an  affection  of  no  con- 
sequence. It  requires  merely  rest,  and  the  ob- 
servance of  the  antiphlogistic  regimen.  When 
more  violent,  —  in  addition  to  this,  —  bleeding, 
local  or  general,  or  both, — purgatives,  inhalation 
of  the  steam  of  warm  water;  acid,  or  emollient 
gargles ;  rubefacients  externally,  or  sinapisms  or 
blisters.  When  suppuration  must  inevilably 
occur,  the  continued  use  of  the  inhaler  must  be 
advised,  and  an  opening  be  made  into  the  abscess 
as  soon  as  pus  shall  have  formed.  If  the  patient 
be  likely  to  be  suffocated  by  the  tumefaction, 
bronchotomy  may  be  necessary. 

Cynanche  Trachea'lts,  Cynanche  larynge'a 
of  some,  C.  strid'ula,  Suffoca'tio  strid'ula.  Asth- 
ma infan'tum,  Catar'rhus  stiffocati'vus  Barbaden'- 
sis,  Angi'na  polypo'sa  seu  membrana'cea  seu  pid- 
po'sa  seu  pernicio'sa  seu  inflammato'ria  seu  suffo- 
cato'ria  seu  strepiUi'sa  seu  cani'na  seu  e.rsudato' - 
ria  seu  trachea'lis,  Empres'ma  bronchi'tia  seu 
bronchlemmi'tis,  Laryngi'tis  et  Trachei'tis  in- 
fan'tilis,  Laryngi'tis  exsudati'va  seu  membrana'- 
cea seu  polypo'sa,  Laryngos'tasis  seu  Lnryngv- 
trachei'tis,  Laryngo-tracheitis  with  diphtherit'ic 
exnda'tion,  Laryngoc'ace,  Orthopnce'a  cynan'- 
chica,  Cynanchorthopnm' a,  Pcedanchone  [?],  3lor- 
bus  Strangnlato'rius,  Trachi'tis,  Trachei'tis,  Tra- 
cheli'tis,  Biphtheri'tis  trachea'lis,  Expectora'tio 
Sol'ida,  Caunia  Bronchi'tis,  Croup,  Bonp,  Hives, 
Bold  Hives,  Choalc,  Stuffing,  Rising  of  the  lights, 
(P.)  Angine  laryngee  et  tracheale,  Laryngite  avec 
production  de  fausses  membranes,  Laryngitc 
pseicdo-membraneuse.  A  disease  characterized 
by  sonorous  and  suffocative  breathing;  harsh 
voice;  cough,  ringing,  or  like  the  barking  of  a 
dog;  fever,  highly  inflammatory.  It  is  apt  to 
be   speedily  attended  with    the   formation  of  a 


CYNANCHICA 


270 


CYPRES 


false  membrane,  whicli  lines  the  trachea  beneath 
the  glottis,  and  occasions  violent  dyspnoea  and 
suffocation,  but  is  sometimes  expectorated.  The 
dyspnoea,  as  in  all  other  affections  of  the  air- 
passages,  has  evident  exacerbations.  It  differs 
in  its  character  in  different  situations ;  being  in- 
finitely more  inflammatory  in  some  places  than 
in  others,  and  hence  the  success  obtained  by  dif- 
ferent modes  of  treatment.  It  chiefly  affects 
children,  and  is  apt  to  recur,  but  the  subsequent 
attacks  are  usually  less  and  less  severe. 

As  a  general  rule,  it  requires  the  most  ac- 
tive treatment;  bleeding  from  the  arm  or  neck, 
so  as  to  induce  paleness ;  leeches  applied  to  the 
neck,  &c.,  according  to  the  age, — the  warm  bath, 
blisters  to  the  neck  or  chest,  and  purgatives. 
Formidable  as  the  disease  may  be,  if  this  plan  be 
followed  early,  it  will  generally  be  successful. 
Many  specifics  have  been  recommended,  but 
the  search  has  been  idle  and  fruitless.  The 
majority  of  cases  of  what  are  called  croup  are 
not  of  this  inflammatory  east;  but  are  more  of 
a  spasmodic  character,  and  have  been  termed  by 
the  French  faux  croups,  and  with  us  are  occa- 
sionally termed  spasmodic  croup.  They  gene- 
rally yield  to  an  emetic  and  the  warm  bath. 

Cynanche  Trachealis  Spasmodica,  Asthma 
acutum,  A.  Thymicum — c.  Ulcerosa,  Cynanche 
maligna. 

CYNAN'CHICA.  Medicines  used  in  cases  of 
quinsy  were  formerly  so  called. 

CYANCHORTHOPN(EA,  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis. 

CYNAN'CHUM.  Same  etymon.  A  genus  of 
plants,  Ord.  Asclepiadacese,  of  which  the  follow- 
ing are  used  in  medicine. 

CvNANCHUir  Argel,  C.  oleaefolium  —  c.  Ipeca- 
cuanha, Tylophora  asthmatica. 

CYNANCHUir  Monspel'iacdm,  Seani'mony  of 
MoHtpellier.  The  plant  furnishes  a  blackish  kind 
of  gum-resin,  which  is  purgative,  and  but  little 
used. 

Ctnanchum  Ole^fo'lium,  C.  argel,  Snleno- 
stem'ma  argel,  Argel.  An  Egyptian,  Nubian  and 
Arabian  shrub,  the  leaves  of  which  form  a  por- 
tion of  most  samples  of  Alexandrian  senna. 
They  resemble  senna  in  their  action. 

Cynanchum  Tomentosum,  Tylophora  asthmat- 
ica— c.  Vincetoxicum,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum — 
c.  Viridiflorum,  Tylophora  asthmatica — c.  Vomi- 
torium,  Tylophora  asthmatica. 

CYNANTHEMIS,  Anthemis  cotula. 
CYNANTHRO'PIA,  from  kv(dv,  mivog,  'dog,' 
and  avSpuirroi;,  '  man.'  A  variety  of  melancholia, 
in  which  the  patient  believes  himself  changed 
into  a  dog ;  and  imitates  the  voice  and  habits  of 
that  animal. 

CYN'ARA,  0.  Scol'ymus,  Cin'ara  seol'ymns,  ki- 
vapa.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Ar'tichoJce,  Al- 
coc'alum,  Articoc'alus,  Artiscoc'cus  IcBvis,  Costus 
nigra.  Car' dntis  sati'vusnon  spina' sus,  Ginarahor- 
ten'sis.  Scaly mus  sati'vus,  Car' dims  sativtis  seu 
damest'icus  cap'ite  mojo're  seu  al'tilis,  anciently 
KaKTog,  cactus,  (F.)  Artichaut.  Ord.  Composite. 
Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  sequalis.  In- 
digenous in  the  southern  parts  of  Europe.  Much 
used  as  an  agreeable  article  of  diet.  The  juice 
of  the  leaves,  mixed  with  white  wine,  has  been 
given  in  dropsies. 

CYN'ICUS,  Cyno'des.from  Kviav,  kvvo;,  'a  dog.' 
Cynic,  (F.)  Cynique.  Relating  to,  or  resembling 
a  dog.  Cynic  spasm  is  a  convulsive  contraction 
of  the  muscles  of  one  side  of  the  face, — dragging 
the  eye,  cheek,  mouth,  nose,  <fec.,  to  one  side. 
See  Canine. 

CYNIPS  QUERCtJS  FOLII,  see  Quercus  in- 
feetoria. 

CYNOCOPRUS,  Album  gr»cum. 
CYNOCRAMBE,  Mercurialis  perennis. 


CYNOCTONON.  Aconitum. 

CYNOCYTISUS,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNODEC'TOS,  from  Kvt^v,  '  a  dog,'  and  IriKut, 
'  I  bite.'  One  who  has  been  bitten  by  a  dog. — 
Dioscorides. 

CYNODES,  Cynicus. 

CYNODESMION,  Fraenum  penis. 

CYNODESMUS,  Frsenum  penis. 

CY'NODON  DAC'TYLON,  (kvu>v,  '  a  dog,'  and 
oSovi,  oSovTo;,  '  a  tooth,')/'cm'iciim  seu  Digita'ria 
dactylon,  Bermuda  grass ;  indigenous.  Ord. 
Graminese.  The  roots  have  been  used  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  sarsaparilla. 

CYNODONTES,  Canine  teeth. 

CYNOGLOS'SUM,  from  kdwv,  /cuvoj,  'a  dog,' 
and  yKiixjaa,  'a  tongue.'  Cynoglos' sum  officina'le 
seu  bi'color,  Lingua  Cani'na,  Hound's  tongue, 
Cahalla'tion,  (F.)  Langue  de  Chien.  Ord.  Bora- 
ginese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  It 
is  aromatic  and  mucilaginous,  and  has  been  sup- 
posed to  be  possessed  of  narcotic  properties. 

CYNOGLOSSUM  AMPLEXICAULE,  C.  Vir- 
ginicum. 

CYNOGLOSSUM  VIRGIN'ICUM,  C.amplexi'- 
caule.  Wild  Comfrey ;  indigenous;  has  mucilagi- 
nous properties.  The  leaves  are  smoked,  and  are 
said  to  produce  effects  like  those  of  tobacco.  [?] 

CYNOLOPHOI,  Spinous  processes  of  the  ver- 

CYNOLYSSA,  Hydrophobia. 

CYNOMETRA  AGALLOCHUM,  Agallochum. 

CYNOMOIA,  Plantago  psyllium. 

CYNOMO'RIUM  COCCIN'EUM,  from  Kvmv, 
Kvvoq,  'a  dog,'  and//a)p(ov,  '  the  penis.'  (F.)  Cham- 
pignon de  Malte.  Ord.  Balanophoreae.  Impro- 
perly called  Fungus  Meliten'sis,  or  Fungus  of 
Malta,  as  it  is  not  a  fungus.  The  powder  has 
been  given  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhage, 
dysentery,  &c. 

CYNOREXIA,  Boulimia. 

CYNORRHODON,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNOSBATOS,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNOSORCHIS,  Orchis  mascula. 

CYNOSPASTUM,  Rosa  canina. 

CYON,  Kvoiv.  The  word  sometimes  signifies 
the  frasnum  of  the  prepuce ;  at  others,  the  penis. 

CYOPHORIA,  Pregnancy. 

CYOT'ROPHY,  Cyotroph'ia,  Embryat'rophy, 
Emhryotroph' ia,  from  (cuoj,  'embryo,'  and  Tpe(fitiv, 
'to  nourish.'  Nutrition  of  the  embryo.  Foetal 
nutrition. 

CYPARISSUS,  Cupressus  sempervirens. 

CYPERUS  ANTIQUORUM,  Kx>T,tipoi,  Lawso- 
nia  inermis — c.  Indicus,  Curcuma  longa. 

Cype'eus  LoNaus,  C.  Homa'nua,  Galangale, 
(F.)  Souchet  odorant.  Ord.  Cyperaceae.  It  pos- 
sesses aromatic  and  bitter  properties,  but  is  not 
used.     See,  also,  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 

Cyperus  Odorus,  Dorstenia  contrayerva  —  c. 
Peruanus,  Dorstenia  contrayerva  —  c.  Romanus, 
C.  longus. 

Cyperus  Rotun'dus,  C.  tetras'tachys,  the 
Round  Cype'rna,  (F.)  Souchet  rond.  It  is  a  more 
grateful  aromatic  bitter  than  the  C.  langus. 

Cyperds  Tetrastachys,  C.  rotundus. 

CYPHEIr,  Sempervivum  teotorum. 

CYPHO'MA,  Cyphos,  Cyjyho'sis,  Cyrto'ma,  Cyr- 
to'sis,  Opisthocypho'sis,  from  Kixpos,  'gibbous.' 
Gibbosity  of  the  spine.  See  Vertebral  Column, 
&c.  Cyrtosis  forms  a  genus  in  the  order  Dys- 
thet'ica,  and  class  Haemat'ica  of  Good,  and  is  de- 
fined: 'head  bulky,  especially  anteriorly  ;  stature 
short  and  incurvated ;  flesh  flabby,  tabid,  and 
wrinkled.'     It  includes  Cretinism,  and  Rickets. 

CYPHOSIS,  Gibbositas,  see  Hump,  and  Ky- 
phosis. 

CYPRES,  Cupressus  sempervirens. 


CYPRESS 


271 


CYSTIRRHAGIA 


CYPRESS,  Cupressus  sempervirens,  Tasodium 
distichum  —  e.  Bald,  Taxodiutn  distichum  —  c. 
Tree,  Liriodendron. 

CYP'RINUM  (O'LEUM),  Kv^ptvo^  (e\aiov),  on 
of  Cypress ;  prepared  of  olive  oil,  cypress  flowers, 
calamus,  myrrh,  cardamom,  inula,  bitumen  of 
Judaea,  <fec.  It  v/ae  formerly  employed  in  cer- 
tain diseases  of  the  uterus,  pleurisies,  &c.,  and 
was  regarded  to  be  both  stimulant  and  emollient. 

CYPRIPE'DIUM  ACAU'LE,  (KuTrpij,  'Venus,' 
and  TToitov,  '  a  sock  or  buskin.')  C.  hu'mile,  Stem- 
Jess  Ladies'  Slipper  ;  Moccasiti  Floioer ;  Noah's 
Ark.  Ord.  Orchidacese.  Indigenous ;  flowers 
in  May  and  June.  The  roots  are  used  by  steam- 
doctors  in  nervous  diseases,  like  valerian. 

Cypripedidm  Calceolus,  C.  Luteum,  C.  spec- 
tabile  —  c.  Canadeuse,  C,  spectabile  —  c.  Flaves- 
cens,  C.  Luteum — c.  Humile,  C.  acaule. 

Cypiupe'diom  Lu'teum,  C.  Calce'olus  seu  Fla- 
ves'cens  seu  Pubes'cens  seu  Parvijio'riim,  Yellow 
ladies'  slip>per,  Moc'casin  flower,  Moccasin  plant, 
Yellows,  Bleeding  heart,  Amer'ican  vale'rian, 
Yellow  umhil,  male  Mervine,  Noah's  ark,  (F.)  Sa- 
hot  de  Venus  jaune.  An  indigenous  plant,  which 
is  found  all  over  the  United  States;  blossoming 
in  May  and  June.  The  root  is  considered  to  be 
antispasmodic,  and  is  used  in  the  same  cases  as 
valerian. 

Cypripedium  Partiplorum,  C.  Luteum — c. 
Pubescens,  C.  Luteum. 

Cypripedidm  Spectab'ile,  C.  Calce'olus  seu 
Canaden'se,  Shovjy  ladies'  slipper,  is  the  most 
beautiful  of  the  genus.  It  is  said  to  possess  pro- 
perties identical  with  those  of  C.  Luteum. 

CYPRIUM,  Cuprum. 

CYPSELE,  Cerumen. 

CYRCEON,  Anus. 

CYRTOIDES,  Cuboid. 

CYRTOMA,  Curvature,  Cyphoma. 

CYRTONOSOS,  Rachitis. 

CYSSANTHEMON,  Cyclamen. 

CYSSARUS,  Anus,  Rectum. 

CYSSOPHYLLON,  Cyclamen. 

CYS'SOTIS,  from  Kvaoq,  'the  anus.'  The  lower 
part  of  the  rectum  :  tenesmus. 

CYST,  Kyst. 

CYSTAL'GIA,  Cystidal'gia,  from  Kvari?,  'the 
bladder,'  and  aXyo;,  'pain.'    Pain  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTANENCEPHA'LIA.from  Kvam,  'ablad- 
der,'  and  aneneepha'lia,  'absence  of  brain.'  A 
monstrosity,  in  which,  in  place  of  a  brain,  a  blad- 
der is  found  filled  with  fluid. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CYSTATROPH'IA,  from  kv<7tis,  'bladder,' and 
arpoipta,  '  atrophy.'  Acysturo  trophie, — Piorry. 
Atrophy  or  wasting  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTAUCHENOTOM'IA,(7y.9to<mcfte?ofom'ja, 
Cystidoiraehelotom'ia,  from  kvotis,  'a  bladder,' 
av)(^nv,  'the  neck,'  and  ronn,  'incision.'  An  inci- 
sion into  the  neck  of  the  bladder.  See  Lithotomy. 

CYSTAUX'E,  Hypertroph' ia  vesi'cw  urina'rim. 
Callos'itag  vesi'ccB ;  from  /cuartj,  'bladder,'  and 
aviri,  'increase.'  Hypertrophy  of  the  coats  of 
theurinary  bladder. — Fuchs.    See  Cysthypersar- 

CYSTECTASY,  Lithectasy. 

CYSTENCEPH'ALUS,  from  kvoth,  '  bladder,' 
and  Kt<j)a\ri,  'head.'  A  monster  having  a  head 
with  a  vesicular  brain. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CYSTEOL'ITHOS,  from  kvgti?,  'the  bladder,' 
and  A I  eof, 'a  stone.'  Stone  in  the  bla,dder.  Also, 
a  medicine,  employed  to  dissolve  or  break  stone. 

CYSTERETHIS'MUS,  Irritahil'itas  seu  Impa- 
tien'tia  Vesi'cm,  from  Kvaris,  'the  bladder,'  and 
t(w:e<^w,  '  I  irritate.'     Irritability  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTHEPAT'ICUS,  from  Kvam, '  the  bladder,' 
and  'vvap,  '  the  liver.'  Belonging  to  the  gall- 
bladder and  liver.  This  name  was  given,  for- 
merly, to  imaginary  excretory  ducts  for  the  bile, 


which  were  supposed  to  pass  directly  from  the 
liver  to  the  gall-bladder. 

CYSTllEPATOLITlU'ASlS,Cystidepatolithi'- 
asis,  Cholelith'ia,  Cholelithi'asis,  from  Kvarig,  '  the 
bladder,'  'ri-rrap,  'the  liver,'  and  \id-iaais,  'pain 
caused  by  a  calculus.'  The  aggregate  of  pheno- 
mena caused  by  the  presence  of  biliary  calculi. 
See  Calculi,  biliary. 

CYSTHITIS,  Kysthitis. 

CYSTHUS,  Anus,  Vulva. 

CYSTHYPERSARCO'SIS,  from  Kv<7Tii,  'blad- 
der,' 'vTicp,  'over,'  and  o-ap/fuo-is, 'a flesh}' growth;' 
Excrescen'tia  Vesi'eeB  urina'rics.  A  fleshy  thick- 
ening of  the  coats  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTIC,  Cys'ticus,  (F.)  Cistique,  from  kvcti;, 
'a  bladder.'  Belonging  to  the  gall-bladder.  Also, 
containing  Cystae,  Cystous. 

Cystic  Artery,  Arte'ria  Cys'tica,  is  given  off 
from  the  right  branch  of  the  hepatic,  and  divides 
into  two  branches,  which  proceed  to  the  gall- 
bladder. It  is  accompanied  by  two  cystic  veins, 
which  open  into  the  vena  porta  abdominalis. 

Cystic  Bile.  Bile  contained  in  the  gall- 
bladder. 

Cystic  Cal'culi.  Calculi  formed  in  the  gall- 
bladder.    See  Calculi. 

Cystic  Duct,  Ductus  cys'ticus,  llea'tus  cys'ti- 
cus. The  duct  proceeding  from  the  gall-bladder, 
which,  by  its  union  with  the  hepatic,  forms  the 
ductus  communis  choledochus. 

Cystic  Oxyd,  Oxyd,  cystic — Cystic  Oxyd  Cal- 
culi, see  Calculi,  Urinary. 

Cystic  Sarco'ma,  of  Ab'eenethy,  Emphy'ma 
Sarcoma  cellido'sum.  Tumour,  cellulous  or  cys- 
tous;  cells  oval,  currant-sized  or  grape-sized,  con- 
taining serous  fluid;  sometimes  caseous.  Found 
in  the  thyroid  gland  (forming  bronchocele,)  testis, 
ovarium,  &c. 

CYS'TICA,  Cystic  Remedies.  Such  medicines 
as  were  formerly  believed  proper  for  combating 
diseases  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTICER'CUS,  from  Kvcrtg,  'a bladder,'  and 
KcpKog,  '  a  tail.'  A  genus  of  entozoa  of  the  family 
of  the  hydatids,  distinguished  by  the  caudal 
vesicle  in  which  the  cylindrical  or  slightly  de- 
I  pressed  body  of  the  animal  terminates.  The  Cys- 
ticer'cuscellulo'em,  (F.)  Cyaticerque  du  Tissu  cellu- 
laire,  Hy' datis  finna,  has  been  often  found  in  the 
cellular  membrane. 

CYSTICERQUE  DU  TISSU  CELLU- 
LAIRE,  Cysticercus  cellulosse. 

CYSTIDALGIA,  Cystalgia. 

CYSTIDELCO'SIS,  from  kvcth,  'bladder,'  and 
'eXkmo-ij,  '  ulceration.'  Suppuration  or  ulceration 
of  the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTIDEPATICUS,  Hepatocystic. 

CYSTIDEPATOLITHIASIS,Cysthepatolithi. 
asis.   , 

CYSTIDOBLENNORRHCEA,  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTIDOCATARRHUS,  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTIDOCELE,  Cystocele. 

CYSTIDOPLEGIA,  Cystoparalysis. 

CYSTIDORRHAGIA,  Cystorrhagia. 

CYSTIDORRHEXIS,  Cystorrhesis. 

CYSTIDORRHCEA.  Cystirrhoea.. 

CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA,  Cystosomatoto- 
mia. 

CYSTIDOSPASMUS,  see  Cystospastic. 

CYSTIDOSTENOCHORIA,  Stricture  of  the 
urinary  bladder. 

CYSTIDOTOMIA,  Cystotomia. 

CYSTIDOTRACHELOTOMIA,  Cystaucheno- 
tomia. 

CYSTINE,  Oxyd,  cystic. 

CYSTINURIA,  Urine,  cystinic. 

CYSTINX,  Vesicula. 

CYSTIPHLOGIA,  Cystitis. 

CYSTIRRHAG"IA,  from  -cutrr,?,  'the bidder,' 
and  p;7yi/u«,  'I  break  forth.'    Hemorrhage  from  the 


CYSTIRRHEUMA 


272 


CYSTOSOMATOMIA 


bladder,  (F.)  HemorrTiagie  de  la  Vess'ie.    By  some 
used-  synonymously  with  cystirrhcea. 
CYSTIRRHEUMA,  Cystorrheuma. 
CYSTIRPv-HCE'A,   from  kvuth,  'the  bladder/ 
and  p£ci),  'I  flow.'     Paru'ria  StillatU'tia  Muco'sa, 
Blennu'ria,  BlennorrJioe' a    urina'lis  seu  vesi'ccB, 
Cysto-Uennorrhoe'a,  Cystorrhce'a,  Oystido-llennor- 
rhce'a,    Ischu'ria,    Cyeto-pMegmat'ica,    Tenes'mus 
Vesi'ccB    Muco'sus,    Uri'ita    muco'sa,    Ci/stocatar'- 
rhus,  Cystido-eatar'rhus,  Oystidorrhoe'a,  Uroeysto- 
catar'rhus,    Dysu'ria    3Iuco'sa,    Pyu'ria  3Iucosa 
seu  vis'cida  seu  sero'sa,  3fo)-bus  cystophlegmat'- 
icus,    Catar'rhus   vesi'ccB,    (F.)    Cijstite  muqueuse, 
Blenno-cystite,  Flux  muquexix  de  lavesfie,  Catar- 
rhe  vesical,  Blencystorrhee,  —  Piorry.     A  copious 
discharge  of  mucus  from  the  bladder,  passing  out 
with  the  urine,,  and  generally  attended  with  dysu- 
ria.     It  is  commonly  dependent  upon  an  inflam- 
matory or  subinflammatory  condition  of  the  lining 
membrane.    The  treatment  must  be  regulated  by 
the  cause.     If  it  be  not  produced  by  an  extrane- 
ous body;  the  antiphlogistic  plan, — the  exhibition 
of  warm  diluents,  and  keeping  the  surface  in  a 
perspirable  state,   by  wearing  flannel,   are  indi- 
cated.    Some  of  the  turpentines  may,  at  times, 
be  given  with  advantage;  and  astringent  or  other 
appropriate  injections  be  thrown  into  the  bladder. 
CYSTIS,  Follicle,  Urinary  bladder— c.  Cho- 
ledochus,  Gall-bladder— c.  Fellea,  Gall-bladder 
— 0.  Serosa,  Hygroma. 

GYSTITE,  Cystitis— c.  Iluquense,  Cystitis. 
CYSTI'TIS,  from  kvutl?,  'the  bladder.'  In- 
Jlamma'tio  Vesi'ccB,  Empres'ma  Cysti'tis,  Oysii'tis 
u'riea,  Uro-cysti'tis,  Cystiphlo'gia,  Cystophlo'gia, 
Inflammation  of  the  bladder,  (F.)  Cystite,  In- 
flammation de  la  vessie,  Gysturite, ^2mrry  ;  cha- 
racterized by  pain  and  swelling  in  the  hypogas- 
tric region ;  discharge  of  urine  painful  or  ob- 
structed, and  tenesmus.  It  may  affect  one  or 
all  of  the  membranes ;  but  commonly  it  is  con- 
fined to  the  mucous  coat.  In  the  chronic  con- 
dition, it  appears  in  the  form  of  cystirrhcea.  It 
must  be  treated  upon  the  same  energetic  princi- 
ples as  are  required  in  other  cases  of  internal 
inflammation;  venesection,  general  and  local, 
the  warm  bath,  warm  fomentations,  warm,  sooth- 
ing enemata,  diluents,  &c.  Cantharides  must 
be  avoided,  even  in  the  way  of  blisters,  unless 
with  precautions,  as  the  disease  is  often  occa- 
sioned by  them. 

Cystitis  Fellea,  Cholecystitis — c.  Urica,  Cys- 
titis. 

CYSTITOME,  Cystit'omus,  Cyst'otome,Kibis'i- 
tome,  Kya'titome,  Kystotome,  from  /cuuTif,  'the 
bladder,'  and  rciiveiv,  '  to  cut.'  An  instrument, 
invented  by  Lafaye,  for  dividing  the  anterior 
oart  of  the  capsule  of  the  crystalline  in  the  opera- 
tion for  extracting  cataract.  It  was  formed  like 
the  Pharyngotome. 

CYSTO.  In  composition,  relating  or  apper- 
taining to  a  bladder,  and  generally  to  the  urinary 
bladder. 

CYSTOBLAST,  Cytoblast. 
CYSTO-BLENNORRHfflA,  Cystirrhcea. 
CYSTO-BUBONOCE'LE,    from    Kvans,    'the 
bladder,'  /?ou/3mv,   'the  groin.'  and  Kr/Xrj,   'a  tu- 
mour.'    Hernia  of  the  bladder  through  the  abdo- 
minal riug. 

CTSTO-CATARRHUS,  Cystirrhcea. 
CYSTO CE'LE,  Cystoce'lia,  Cistoce'le,  Cystido- 
ee'll,  from  kv<ttls,  'the  bladder,'  and  Kv'kri,  'a  tu- 
mour,' Her'nia  vesi'ccB  vrina'ricB,  Hernia  of  the 
bladder,  (F.)  Hernie  de  la  Vessie.  It  is  not  com- 
mon. It  occurs,  most  frequently,  at  the  abdomi- 
nal ring;  less  so  at  the  crural  arch,  perinceum, 
vagina,  and  foramen  thj'roideum.  It  may  exist 
alone,  or  be  accompanied  by  a  sac,  containing 
some  abdominal  viscus.     The  tumour  is  soft  and 


fluctuating;  disappears  on  pressure,  and  increases 
in  size  when  the  urine  is  retained.  It  must  be 
reduced  and  kept  in  position  by  a  truss.  Vagi- 
nal cystocele  is  kept  in  place  by  a  pessary. 

Cystocele  Biliosa,  Turgescentia  vesiculae 
fellese. 

CYSTODYN'IA,  from  kvotis,  'the  bladder,' 
and  ohvvii,  'pain.'  Pain  of  the  bladder;  particu- 
larly rheumatic  pain. 

CYSTOH^'MIA,  (F.)  CystoMmie,  from  kvcth, 
'bladder,'  and  'aijia,  'blood.'  Congestion  of 
blood  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTOID,  Cysto'i'deus,  Cyst-like,  from  kvcti;, 
'  a  bladder  or  cyst,'  and  uiog,  '  resemblance.    That 
which  resembles  a  cyst,  as  '  cystoid  tumour.' 
CYSTO-LITHIASIS,  see  Calculi,  vesical. 
CYSTO-LITH'IC,    Cystolith'icus,    (F.)    Cysto- 
lithique,  from  Kvarig,  'the  bladder,'  and  Xi5os,  'a 
stone.'     Relating  to  stone  in  the  bladder. 
CYSTOMA,  see  Kyst 

CYSTO-MEROCE'LE,  from  kvittis,  '  the  blad- 
der,' jicpos,  'the  thigh,'  and  Kr)\r],  'hernia.'  Fe- 
moral hernia,  formed  by  the  bladder  protruding 
beneath  the  crural  arch. 

CYSTON'CUS,  from  kvcti;,  'the  bladder,'  and 
oyKog,  '  tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTOPARAL'YSIS,  Cystidoparal'ysis,  Cys- 
tidople'gia,  Cystople' gia,  Cystoplex'ia,  Acystiner'- 
via,  Acysturonervia,  Amyosthenie  Cystttrique, — 
Piorry,  from  Kvans,  '  bladder,'  and  irapaXvaig, 
'  palsy.'  Paralysis  of  the  urinary  bladder.  See 
Enuresis. 

CYSTO-PHLEGMAT'IC,  Cystophlegmat'icus, 
from  Kutrrij,  'the  bladder,'  and  (jiXtyfia,  'mucus, 
phlegm.'  Belonging  to  the  vesical  mucus.  3Ior- 
bus  cystoplilegmnt' ieus.  Cystirrhcea. 
CYSTOPHLOGIA.  Cystitis. 
CYSTOPHTHI'SIS,  Phthisis  vesica'lis,  from 
(cuoTif,  'the  bladder,'  and  (pOid),  '1  consume.'  Con- 
sumption from  ulceration  of  the  bladder, —  Ul'cera 
seu  Ilelco'sis  vesi'ccB. 

CYSTOPLAS'TIC,  Cystoplas'ticus,  from  kvotis, 
'  the  bladder,'  and  TiXacaa,  '  I  form.'     An  epithet 
for  an  operation  for  the  cure  of  fistulous  openings 
into  the  bladder,  Gys'top)lasty,  {¥.)  Cysfoplastie  ; 
sometimes  restricted  to  the  cure  by  translation 
of  skin  from  a  neighbouring  part. 
CYSTOPLEGIA,  Cystoparalysis. 
CYSTOPLEG"IC,  C'ystopleg"ieus.     Belonging 
to  paralysis   of  the    bladder ;    from   Kvarig,  '  the 
bladder,'  and  TrXricaw,  'I  strike.' 
CYSTOPLEX'IA,  Cystoparalysis. 
CYSTOPTO'SIS,   from    Kuans,   'the  bladder,' 
and  TtiTTTuv,   'to  fall.'     Relaxation   of  the  inner 
membrane  of  the  bladder,  which  projects  into  the 
canal  of  the  urethra. 

CYSTOPY'IC,  Cystopy'ieus,  (F.)  Cystopyique, 
from  KvuTig,  'the  bladder,'  and  itvov,  'pus.'  Re- 
lating to  suppuration  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTORRHAG"IA,  HcBmatu'ria  cyst'ica,  Hcb- 
morrhag"ia  vesi'ccB,  Strangu'ria  criien'ta,  San'- 
guinis  fluor  vesi'ccB,  from  tcvarig,  'the  bladder,' 
and  payrj,  '  rupture.'  A  discharge  of  blood  from 
the  vessels  of  the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTORRHEU'MA,  Cystirrheu'ma,  Rheumn- 
tis'mus  vesi'ccB  urina'ricB ;  from  Kvang,  'the  blad- 
der,' andptw^a,  '  defluxion,' 'rheumatism.'  Rheu- 
matism of  the  bladder.' 

CYSTORRHEX'IS,  Oystidorrhex'is;  from  kv<t- 
rif,  '  bladder,'  and  'prj^i;,  '  rupture.'  Rupture  of 
the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTORRHCEA,  Cystirrhcea. 
CYSTOSARCO'MA,  from  /cuirnf,  'a  bladder  or 
cyst,'  and  sarcoma.      A  tumour  consisting   of  a 
combination  of  cysts  and  cystoids,  so  called  by 
J.  Miiller. 

CYSTOSOMATOM'IA,  Cystosomatotom'in,  Cys- 
tidosomaiotom'ia,  from  kvotl;,  '  the  bladder/  aw/xa, 


CTSTOSPASMUS 


273 


DACRTOCYSTIS 


'body,'  and  TOfiij,  'incision.'  An  incision  into 
the  body  of  the  bladder. 

CTSTOSPASMUS,  see  Cystospastic. 

CYSTOSPAS'TIC,  Ci/stosjms'ticus,  from  kvotis, 
'the  bladder,'  and  mraw,  'I  contract.'  Relating 
to  spasm  of  the  bladder,  and  particularly  of  its 
sphincter; — Cystidospaa'mus,  Spasmus  Vesi'ca, 
Ischu'ria     s2)asmod' ica,      (F.)      Spasme     de     la 

CYSTOSPERMI'TIS,  (F.)  Cystospermite,  from 
Kvarig,  '  bladder,'  cKcpjia,  '  sperm,'  and  itia,  '  de- 
noting inflammation.'  Inflammation  of  the  vesi- 
culse  seminales. 

CYSTOSTENOCHO'RIA,  Cystidostenocho'ria, 
Strictu'ra  vesi'ccB,  Vesi'ca  sacca'ta.  A  stricture, 
narrowness,  inequality  or  saccated  condition  of 
the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTOTHROWBOIB, Cystothromhoi'des,i:Tom 
Kvaris,  'the  bladder,' and -S/jo/i/^os,  'a clot.'  Relat- 
ing to  the  presence  of  clots  in  the  bladder. 

GYSTOTOME,  Cystot'omus,  ivom  Kvau;,  'the 
bladder,'  and  reftveiv,  'to  cut.'  An  instrument 
intended  for  cutting  the  bladder.  Instruments 
of  this  kind  have  been  more  frequently,  although 
very  improperly,  called  Lithotome/>. 

CYSTOTOM'IA,  Cystidotom'ia,  same  etymon. 
Incision  of  the  bladder ;  Sectio  vesica'lis.  Cys- 
totomia  means  cutting  into  the  bladder  for  any 
purpose;  (F.)  Incision  de  la  vessie.  Commonly, 
it  is  applied  to  the  puncturing  of  the  bladder  for 
the  purpose  of  removing  the  urine  ;  whilst  Litho- 
tomy has  been  employed  for  the  incisions  made 
with  the  view  of  extracting  calculi  from  the 
bladder.     See  Lithotomy. 

CYSTOTRACHELOTOMIA,  Cystauchenoto- 
mia.     See  Lithotomy. 

CYSTOUS,  Cystic. 

CYSTOVA'RIUM,  from  CTtrnj,  'a  cyst  or 
bladder;'  and  oapiov,  'ovarium.'  A  morbid  con- 
dition, which  consists  in  the  formation  of  cysts  in 
the  ovary. 

GYSTURITE,  Cystitis. 

CYT'INUS,  0.  Hypoeist'is,  Hyjyocist'is,  As'arnm 
Hypocist' is.  Ord.  Cistinese.  A  small  parasitical 
plant,  which  grows  in  the  south  of  France  and  in 
Greece,  on  the  roots  of  the  woody  cistus.  The 
juice  of  its  fruit  is  acid,  and  very  astringent.  It 
is  obtained  by  expression,  and  converted  into  an 
extract,  which  was  called  Sueeua  Hypocia'tidis, 


and  was  formerly  much  used  in  hemorrhages, 
diarrhoea,  &c 

CYTISI'ISTA,  Cytisine.  An  immediate  vege- 
table principle,  discovered  by  Chevalier  and 
Lassaigne,  in  the  seeds  of  Gytiaus  Lahur'num  or 
Bean-Trefoil  Tree.  Ord.  Leguminosse.  Sex. 
Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  Cytisine  has  ana- 
logous properties  to  emetine.  In  the  dose  of  one 
or  two  grains,  it  produces  vomiting  and  purging; 
and,  in  a  stronger  dose,  acts  as  an  acrid  poison. 
The  seeds  of  the  Cytisus  Laburnum,  (F.)  Auboura, 
have  been  long  known  to  produce  vomiting  and. 
purging. 

CYTISMA  ECZEMA,  Eczema— c.  Herpes, 
Herpes. 

CYTISO-GENISTA,  Spartium  seoparium. 

CYTISUS  LABURNUM,  see  Cytisina  — c. 
Scoparius,  Spartium  seoparium. 

CYTI'TIS,  Scyti'tia,  Dermati'tis,  Bermi'tis, 
Cuti'tis,  Corii'tis,  from  KVTig,  'the  skin,'  and 
itis,  'denoting  inflammation.'  Inflammation  of 
the  skin. 

CY'TOBLAST,  Cystohlast,  from  kvto^,  'cell,' 
and  pXacTTos,  'germ.'  Cell-germ,  Nu'deus,  (F.) 
Noyau.  A  granule,  from  which  all  animal 
and  vegetable  bodies  are  presumed  to  be 
formed.  When  the  nucleus  or  cytoblast  forms  a 
cell,  and  is  attached  to  its  walls,  the  germinal 
cell,  thus  formed,  is  called  a  nucleated  cell. 
When  the  nucleus  contains  a  simple  granule,  the 
latter  is  termed  a  nucleolus,  (F.)  Nucleole,  Nu- 
cleolule. 

CYTOBLASTE'MA;  (F.)  Cytoblasteme,  same 
etymon.  Intercel'lular  substance,  Hy'aline  sxib- 
stance,  Substan'tia  vit'rea  seu  liyal'ina.  Matrix. 
The  gum  or  mucus  in  the  vegetable,  and  probably 
the  liquor  sanguinis  after  transudation  from  the 
vessels  in  the  animal,  in  a  state  fully  prepared  for 
the  formation  of  the  tissues.  —  Schwann  and 
Schleiden.  By  many.  Blastema  is  preferred,  in- 
asmuch as  it  does  not  convey  the  idea  of  cellular 
development. 

CYTOGENET'IC,  Cytogenet'ious,  (F.)  Cytoge- 
nkique,  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating  or 
belonging  to  cell  formation. 

CYTOG"ENY,  Cytogen'esis,  from  Kvrog,  'cell,' 
and  ytvtati,  'generation.'  Cell  formation,  cell 
genesis. 

CYTTAROS,  Glans. 


D. 


The  figure  of  the  Greek  A,  according  to  Galen, 
was  the  sign  for  quartan  fever. 

DABACH,  Viscum  album. 

DACNE'Pi,01>[,  SaKvripor,  from  SaKveiv,  'to  bite.' 
An  ancient  name  for  a  collyrium,  composed  of 
oxide  of  copper,  pepper,  cadmia,  myrrh,  salfron, 
gum  Arabic,  and  opium. 

DACRY,  Dac'ryma,  Dac'ryon,  iaxpv,  Saxpvfia, 
iiKpvov,  'a  tear  :'  Hence  : 

DACRYADENA  L'GIA,  Dacryoadencd'gia, 
from  &aK{jvui,  '  I  weep,'  airjv,  '  a  gland,'  and  aXyog, 
'pain.'     Disease  or  pain  in  the  lachrymal  gland. 

DACRYADENI'TIS,  Bacryoddeni'tia ;  from 
SaKpvu),  'I  weep,'  aitjv,  'a  gland,'  and  itis.  In- 
flammation of  the  lachrymal  gland. 

DACRYALLCEO'SIS,  from  Saicpv,  'a  tear,'  and 
aWoiwcig,  '  change.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the 
tears. 

38 


DACRYDION,  Convolvulus  seammonia. 

DACRYGELO'SIS,  from  daxpuoi, '  I  weep,'  and 
ytXaoj,  'I  laugh.'  A  kind  of  insanity,  in  which 
the  patient  weeps  and  laughs  at  the  same  time. 

DACRYH^^MOR'RHYSIS ;  Sanguin'eoua  La- 
chryma'fion,  from  SaKpv,  'a  tear,'  and  'aifiopevais. 
'hemorrhage.'     A  flow  of  bloody  tears. 

DACRYNOMA,  Epiphora. 

DACRY OADENALGIA,  Dac^ryadenalgia. 

DACRYOADENITIS,  Dacryadenitis. 

DACRYOBLENNORRHCE'A,  from  SaKpva>,  'I 
weep,'  pXevva,  'mucus,'  and  ptu,  'I  flow.'  Dis- 
charge of  tears  mixed  with  mucus. 

DACRYOCYSTAL'GIA,  from  SaKpvu,  'Iweea,' 
KvaTti,  '  a  sac,'  and  oKyog,  'pain.'  Disease  or  pain 
in  the  lachrymal  sac. 

DACRYOCYSTIS,  Lachrymal  sac- 


DACRYOCYSTITIS 


274 


DAPHNE 


DACRYOCYSTI'TIS,  from  SaKpvov,  'a.  tear,' 
and  Kvarii,  '  bladder.'  Inflammation  of  the  lach- 
rymal sac. 

DACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS;  I! 
from  dacryocystis,  the  '  lachrymal  sac,'  a-vpiy^,  '  a  ]! 
pipe,  a  listula,'  and  KaraKXeiats,  '  a  locking  up.'  j! 
A  term,  proposed  by  Dieffenbach  for  the  healing 
of  lachrymal   fistulse    by    transplantation.     The 
operation  consists  in  paring  the  edges  of  the  fis- 
tula, loosening  the  borders,  and  assisting  the  re- 
quisite tegumental  displacement  by  lateral  inci- 
sions. 

DACRYO'DES,  Lacrymo'sus,  from  iaxpyio,  'I 
■weep.'  Resembling  tears  : — hence.  Ulcus  dacry- 
o'dc's.     A  siinious  ulcer,  a  weeping  sore. 

DAC'RYOLITE,  Dacryol'ilhus,  Dac'ryoUth, 
(F.)  Bocryolithe,  from  SaKpvia,  '  I  weep,'  and  ^tdog, 
'a  stone.'  A  concretion  found  in  the  lachrymal 
passages. 

DACRYOLITHI'ASIS;    same   etymon  as  the 
last.     The  formation  of  concretions  in  the  tears. 
DACRYO'MA.     Same  etymon.     The   effusion 
of  tears,  occasioned  by  an  occlusion  of  the  puncta 
lacrymalia. — Vogel. 
DACRYON,  Tear. 

DACRYOPCE'US,  from  iaKpvui,  'I  weep,'  and 
roi£co,  '  I  make.'  A  substance  which  excites  the 
secretion  of  tears,  —  as  the  onion,  horse-radish, 
garlic,  &c. 

DAC'RYOPS,  from  SaKpvo>,  'I  weep,'  and  ui^, 
'  the  eye.'  A  weeping  eye.  A  tumefaction  of 
the  lachrymal  passages. 

DACRYOPYORRHCE'A,  Pyorrhoe'a  via'rum 
lacryma'lium,  from  BaKpv,  'a,  tear,'  nvov,  'pus,' 
and  pto),  '  to  flow.'  A  discharge  of  tears  mixed 
with  purulent  matter. 

DACRYORRHCE'A,    Dacryrrhce'a,    Dacryor'- 
rhysis,  Dacryr'rhysis,  from  ^a/cpu,    'a    tear,'    and 
o£&),  'to  flow.'     A  morbid  flux  of  tears. 
DACRYORRHYSIS,  Dacryorrhoea. 
DACRYOSOLENI'TIS,  from  &aKpv,  'a  tear,' 
aui\riv,  '  a  canal,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  lachrymal  ducts. 
DACRYOSYRINX,  Fistula  lacrymalis. 
DACRYRRHCEA,  Dacryorrhoea. 
DACRYRRHYSIS,  Dacryorrhoea. 
DACTYLE'THRA,  Daetyli'thra,  from  SaKTv\og, 
'a  finger.'     A  name  given  by  the  ancients  to  dif- 
ferent topical  applications,  having  the  form  of  a 
finger,  and  proper  for  being  introduced  into  the 
throat  to  excite  vomiting. 

DACTYLETUS,  Hermodactylus. 
DACTYL'ION,  Bactyl'inm,  (F.)  Boigts  palmes, 
Webbed  fingers,  from  ^axruXos,  '  a  finger.'  The 
union  of  the  fingers  with  each  other.  This  af- 
fection is  generally  congenital ;  but  it  may  be 
owing  to  burns,  ulcerations,  inflammation  of  the 
fingers,  &c. 

DACTYL'IOS,  from  6aKTi]\o;,  'a  finger.'  A 
troch  or  lozenge,  when  shaped  like  a  finger.  The 
anus. 

DACTYLITIS,  Paronychia. 
DACTYLIUS,  from  SuKrvXto;,  annulus,  'a  ring.' 
Dac.ttl'ius  Aculea'tds.  A  worm  of  a  light 
colour^  annulated,  cylindrical,  but  tapering  slightly 
towards  both  extremities,  from  two-fifths  to  four- 
fifths  of  an  inch  long,  which  has  been  found  in 
the  urine. 

DACTYLODOCHMB,  Dochme. 
DACTYLOSYM'PHYSIS,  from    SaKTvXoi,    'a 
finger,'  and  (rvp^pvai?,  'union.'     Adhesion  of  the 
fingers  to  each  other. 

DACTYLOTHE'KE,  from  SaKTvXo?,  'a  finger,' 
and  6>iKr],  'a  case  or  sheath.'  An  instrument  for 
keeping  the  fingers  extended  when  wounded.  — 
jteibrose  Parfi. 

DACTYL  US,  Dig"itus,  'a  finger.'  The 
smallest  measure  of  the  Greeks,  the  sixth  part 
of  a  foot.     Also,  the  Date. 


D^DA'LEA  SUAY'EOLENS,  Bole'tus  seu 
Fungus  Sal'icis,  Boletus  disco'ideus  seu  suaveolens, 
Fungus  alius  sal!g'neus,(F.)  Agaric  odorant,  Bolet 
odorant.  Ord.  Fungi.  A  champignon,  which 
grows  on  the  trunks  of  old  willows.  It  has  a 
smell  of  anise,  which  is  penetrating  and  agree- 
able; and  has  been  recommended  in  phthisis 
pulmonalis  in  the  dose  of  a  scruple  four  times  a 
day. 

b^DALUS,  Hydrargyrum. 
D.^DION,  Bougie. 
D^MONIACUS,  Possessed. 
DiEMONOMANIA,  Demonomania. 
DiES,  T«da. 
DAFFING,  Insanity. 
DAFFODIL,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 
DAFFY'S  ELIXIR,  Tinctura   senna3  compo- 
sita. 

DAFT,  Insane. 
DAG,  Stitch. 

DAISY,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum,  Eri- 
geron  Philadelphicum  —  d.  Common,  Bellis — d. 
Ox-eye,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

DALEY'S  CARMIN'ATIVE.  A  celebrated 
empirical  remedy,  much  used  as  a  carminative 
for  children.  The  following  is  a  form  for  its  pre- 
paration :  [3Iagnesi(B  alb.'^\y,  ol.  mentha  j^ipcr. 
gtt.  j  ;  ol.  nuc.  moschat.  gtt.  iij  ;  ol.  anisi,  gtt.  iij  ; 
tinct.  cantor,  gtt.  xxs;  tinct.  asafoetid.  gtt.  xv  ; 
tinct.  opii,  gtt.  v;  sp.  pulegii,  gtt.  xv ;  tinct.  car- 
dam,  c.  gtt.  XXX ;  aqucB  menthce  pip.  ^ij.  M.) 
A  Committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form :  — 
(AqucF,  Ox;  Sacchar.  alb.  ^xxxij;  Carbon.  Po- 
tass. §ss;  Carb.  3Tag.  ^xiy,  Tinct.  Opii.  f^vj; 
OL  menfh.  pip.,  01.  Anethi  Foenicul.  aa  f9ij.  M.) 
DALCOP,  Idiot. 

DALTO'NIAN.  An  absurd  name  given  to 
one  who  cannot  distinguish  colours;  because  the 
celebrated  chemist  Dalton  had  the  defect.  See 
Achromatopsia. 

DALTONISM,  Achromatopsia. 
DAMSON,  Prunum  Damascenum  —  d.  Moun- 
tain,  Quassia  simarouba  —  d.  Tree,  Prunus  do- 
mestica. 

DANCE,  see  Mania,  dancing — d.  St.  John's, 
see  Mania,  dancing  —  d.  St.  Vitus's,  Chorea,  see 
Mania,  dancing. 

DANCING,  Salta'tio,  (F.)  Banse.  A  kind  of 
exercise  and  amusement,  composed  of  a  succes- 
sion of  motions,  gestures,  and  attitudes,  executed 
by  measured  steps  to  the  sound  of  the  voice  or 
musical  instrument.     It  is  a  healthy  exercise. 

Dancing  Mania,  see  Mania,  dancing  —  d. 
Plague,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

DANDELION,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 
DANDRIFF,  Pityriasis. 
DANDRUFF,  Pityriasis. 
DANDY,  Dengue. 

DANEVERT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
spring,  a  league  and  a  half  from  Upsal,  in  Swe- 
den. The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid,  holding 
in  solution  carbonate  of  iron,  sulphate  of  iron, 
sulphates  of  soda  and  lime,  chloride  of  sodium, 
and  silica.  It  is  frequently  employed  in  medicine. 
DANEWORT,  Sambueus  ebulus. 
DANICH:  an  Arabic  word,  signifying  the 
weight  of  8  grains. 

DANIEL'LIA  THURIF'ERA.  The  Frankin- 
cense Tree  of  Western  Africa,  which  furnishes  the 
product  termed  African  Frankincense. 

DANSE,  Dancing — d.  de  St.  Guy,  Chorea — d. 
de  St.  Witt,  Chorea. 

DAOUN_SETAN,  see  Urtica. 
DAPHNE,  Laurus. 

Daphne  Alpi'na,  Chamcele'a,  Chamalm'a, 
Widow  wail.  Ord.  Thymelaese.  Sex.  Sysf. 
Octandria  Monogynia.  A  sort  of  dwarf-olive. 
An  acrid,  volatile,   alkaline  principle   has   been 


DAPHNE  BOISGENTIL 


DAWLISH,    CLIMATE   OF 


separated  from  the  bark  of  this  plant  by  M. 
Vauquelin,  to  which  he  has  given  the  name 
Daphiu'ne.  The  plants  of  the  genus  owe  their 
vesicating  property  to  this  principle. 

BAPHNE  BOISGENTIL,  Daphne  mezereum 
—  d.  Flax-leaved,  Daphne  gnidium  —  d.  Garoii, 
Daphne  gnidium. 

Daphne  Gnid'iom,  D.  panicula'ta,  ThymeJw'a, 
Th.  ilonspeliaca,  Thymele.'a,  Cneo'ron,  Spurge 
Flax,  Flax-leaved  Daphne.  The  plant  which 
furnishes  the  Garou  Baric,  (F.)  Daphne  Garou, 
Sain-bois.  It  is  chiefly  used,  when  used  at  all, 
for  exciting  irritation  of  the  skin.  The  Grana 
Giiid'ia,  (see  Cnid'ia  grana,)  are  acrid  poisons, 
like  all  the  plants  of  this  genus,  when  taken  in 
quantity.  According  to  others,  the  garou  bark 
and  grana  gnidia  are  obtained  from  the  daphne 
laureola. 

Daphne  Latjeeola,  D.  major,  Thymela'a  lau- 
re'ola.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Spurge  Laurel, 
Laureola.  The  bark  of  this  plant  has  similar 
properties  to  the  last. 

Daphne  Liottardi,  D.  laureola — d.  Major,  D, 
laureola. 

Daphne  Meze'recm,  D.  Liottar'di,  Thymelce'a 
meze'renm.  The  systematic  name  of  the  3Ieze'- 
reon,  Mezereum,  Spurge  olive,  (F.)  Daphne  Bois- 
gentil.  The  bark  of  the  mezereon,  Meze'reum, 
possesses  analogous  properties  to  the  other  va- 
rieties of  Daphne.  It  is  considered  stimulant  and 
diaphoretic;  and,  in  large  doses,  is  emetic.  It 
has  been  employed  in  syphilitic  cases,  but  its 
efficacy  is  doubtful.  Soaked  in  vinegar,  —  meze'- 
reum acefa'tum,  like  the  other  varieties  of  daphne, 
it  has  been  employed  to  irritate  the  skin,  espe- 
cially to  keep  issues  open. 

Daphne  Paniculata.  D.  Gnidium. 

DAPHNEL^'ON,  O'leum  Lauri'num,  from 
Saipvri,  '  the  laurel  or  bay  tree,'  and  iXaiov,  '  oil.' 
OH  of  Bay. 

DAPHNINE,  see  Daphne  Alpina. 

DARNEL,  Lolium  temulentum. 

DARSENI,  Laurus  cinnamomum. 

DARSINI,  Laurus  cinnamomum. 

DARSIS,  from  ^tpu,  *I  excoriate,'  'I  skin.' 
The  Greek  physicians  seemed  to  have  used  this 
word  to  designate  the  anatomical  preparation, 
which  consists  in  removing  the  skin  for  exposing 
the  organs  covered  by  it. 

DART  A,  Impetigo  —  d.  Excoriativa,  Herpes 
exedens  —  d.  Maligna,  Herpes  exedens. 

DARTOS.  Same  derivation  :  Memhra'na  car- 
no'sa,  Tu'niea  mtiscula' ris  seu  rubicun'da  scroti, 
T.  dartos,  3Iarsu'pium  musculo' sum ;  from  Sapro^, 
'skinned.'  A  name  given  to  the  second  covering 
of  the  testicle,  which  the  ancient  anatomists  con- 
ceived to  be  muscular,  but  which  is  merely  areo- 
lar. Its  external  surface  is  towards  the  scrotum; 
the  internal  towards  the  tunica  vaginalis.  Fre- 
derick Lobstein  and  Breschet  consider,  that  it 
proceeds  from  an  expansion  of  the  fibrous  cord, 
known  by  the  name  Gubernaculum  Testis. 

DARTRE,  Herpes,  Impetigo,  Pityriasis  —  d. 
Crustacee,  Ecthyma  impetigo  —  d.  Crustacee  fla- 
vescente,  Porrigo  lupinosa — d.  Crouteuse,  Impetigo 
— d.  Eeailleuse,  Psoriasis — d.  Fongueuse,  Ecthy- 
ma—  d.  Fnrfuracee  arrondie,  Lepra,  Lepra  vul- 
garis—  d.  Fnrfuracee  volnnte.  Lichen,  Pityriasis 
—  d.  Phlycteno'ide,  Herpes  phlyctaenoides  —  d. 
Pustuleuse  couperose,  Gutta  rosea — d.  Pustuleuse 
disseminee.  Acne — d.  Pustuleuse  meritagra.  Syco- 
sis—  d.  Rongpnnfe,  Herpes  exedens:  see  Esthio- 
menus  —  d.  Sr/uajnmeuse  humide,  Eczema — d. 
Sqvammeuse  licheno'ide,  Psoriasis  —  d.  Fii'ye,  Ec- 
zema. 

DARTREUX  (F.),  Herpet'ic.  Participating 
in  the  characters  of  Dartre  or  Herpes.  Also,  one 
affected  with  dartre.     Dartre  has  been  used,  at 


one  time  or  other,  for  almost  every  disease  of  the 
skin.     See  Herpes. 

DAS'YMA,  from  liaav^,  'rough,'  'hairy.'  A 
disease  of  the  eye — the  same  as  trachoma,  but 
less  in  degree. — Aetius,  Gorrseus. 

DAS'YTES.  Same  etymon.  Roughness,  par- 
ticularly of  the  tongue  and  voice.     Hairiness, 

Hirsu'ties. 

DATE,  Pal'mida,  Dac'tylus,  Bal'anos,  Phce'ni- 
cos,  the  fruit  of  the  Phoenix  dactylif'era  seu  ex- 
cel'sa,  Palma  dactylif'era,  (F.)  Datte.  The  un- 
ripe date  is  astringent.  When  ripe,  it  resembles 
the  fig.     The  juice  of  the  tree  is  refrigerant. 

DATE  PLUM,  INDIAN,  Diospyrus  lotus. 

DATTE,  Date. 

DATURA,  D.  Stramonium. 

Datd'ra  Sanguin'ea,  Red  Thorn  Ap2)le ;  called 
by  the  Indians  of  Peru  Huacacachu,  Yerba  de 
Huaca  [huaca,  a  grave)  or  Grave-plant,  and  Bo- 
vachevo.  Ord.  Solanaceffi.  A  plant  from  which 
the  Peruvian  Indians  prepare  a  narcotic  drink 
called  Tonga. 

Datu'ra  Steamo'niuj:,  Siramo'nia,  Barycoc'- 
calon,  Sola'num  fce'tidum,  Stramo'nium,  S.  majits 
album  seu  spino'sum  seu  vulga'tnm  seu  foe'tidum, 
Pomum  seu  llalum  sptino'snm,  Nux  methel,  Datu'- 
ra, Dutro'a,  Daty'ra,  Thorn  Apple,  Appjle  of 
Peru,  Jamestoxon  Weed,  Jimston  or  Jinijjson  Weed, 
Stinlciceed,  (F.)  Stramoine,  Pomme  epineuse,  En- 
dormie,  Herbe  aux  sorciers  ou  de  diable.  The 
leaves,  Stramo'nii  Fo'lia,  the  seeds,  Stramo'nii 
Semen,  and  the  root,  Stramo'nii  Radix,  are  the 
parts  used  in  medicine.  They  are  narcotic  an-d 
poisonous;  are  given  internally  as  narcotics  and 
antispasmodics;  and  applied  externally  as  seda- 
tives, in  the  form  of  fomentation.  The  seeds  are 
smoked  like  tobacco,  in  asthma.  The  dose  of  the 
powder  is,  gr.  j  to  gr.  viii. 

DA'TURINE,  Daturi'na,  Datu'ria,  Datu'ritm. 
The  active  principle  of  the  Datura  Stramonium, 
separated  by  Brandes,  a  German  chemist.  It  has 
not  been  rendered  available  in  medicine. 

DATURIUM,  Daturine. 

DATYRA,  Datura  stramonium. 

DAUCI  RADIX,  see  Daucus  Carota. 

DAUCI'TES  VINUM.  Wine,  of  which  the 
Daucus  or  Wild  Carrot  was  an  ingredient.  Th-e 
seeds  were  steeped  in  must.  It  was  formerly  used 
in  coughs,  convulsions,  hypochondriasis,  diseases 
of  the  uterus,  &c. 

DAUCUS  CANDIANUS,  Athamanta  cretensis. 

Daucus  Caro'ta.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Carrot  Plant;  Daucus,  D.  sylves'tris  seu  vul- 
ga'ris  seu  sati'vus,  Canca'lis  caro'ta,  Pastina'ca 
eylvesfris  tenuifo'lia  officina'rum.  Ado' rion  ;  Or- 
der, Umbelliferae.  (Sc.)  iVeeran,  Jlirrot,  (F.) 
Carotte ;  Ord.  Umbeliiferae.  The  fruit,  Carota, 
—  (Ph.  U.S.)  —  and  the  root,  Dauci  radix,  have 
been  used  in  medicine.  The  root  is  sweet  and 
mucilaginous;  and  the  seeds  have  an  aromatic 
odour,  and  moderately  warm,  pungent  taste.  The 
root  has  been  used,  as  an  emollient,  to  fetid  and 
ill-conditioned  sores.  The  seeds  have  been  re- 
garded as  stomachic,  carminative,  and  diuretic; 
but  they  have  little  efficacy.  The  seeds  of  the 
loiJd  plant  are,  by  some,  preferred  to  those  of  the 
garden. 

Daucus  Creticus,  Athamanta  cretensis  —  d. 
Cyanopus,  Pirapinella  magna  —  d.  Sativus,  D. 
carota  —  d.  Seprinius,  Seandix  cerefolium  —  d. 
Sylvestris,  D.  carota — d.  A''ulgaris,  D.  carota. 

DAUPHINELLE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

DAVIDSON'S  REMEDY  FOR  CANCER,  see 
Conium  maculatum. 

DA  riER,  Dentagra. 

DAWLISH,  CLIMATE  OF.  A  town  in  De- 
vonshire, frequented  by  phthisical  invalids  during 
the  winter.  It  is  well  protected  from  northerly 
winds,  and  also  from  the  violence  of  the  south 


DAW PIT 


276 


DECANTATION 


westerly  gales.     It  offers,  however,  but   a   con- 
fined space. 

DAWPIT,  see  Fatuitas. 

DAX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Dax  is  a 
city  two  leagues  from  Bordeaux,  where  there  are 
four  springs,  that  are  almost  purely  thermal  ; 
containing  only  a  very  small  quantity  of  chloride 
of  magnesium,  and  sulphate  of  soda  and  lime. 
Temperature  76°  to  133°  Fahrenheit. 

DAYBLINDNESS,  Nyctalopia. 

DAYMARE,  Incubus  vigilantium. 

DAYNETTLE,  Lamium  album. 

DAYSIGHT,  Hemeralopia — d.  Vision,  Heme- 
ralopia. 

DAZZLING,  Caliga'tio,  (F.)  Mlouissemenf. 
A  momentary  disturbance  of  sight,  occasioned 
either  by  the  sudden  impression  of  too  powerful 
a  light,  or  by  some  internal  cause ;  as  plethora. 

DE  VENTRE  INSPICIENDO,  'of  inspect- 
ing the  belly.'  AVhere  there  is  reason  to  suppose 
that  a  woman  feigns  herself  pregnant,  a  writ  de 
ventre  inspiciendo  may  be  issued  to  determine 
whether  she  be  so  or  not.  Until  recently,  in 
England,  the  decision  was  left  to  twelve  matrons 
and  twelve  respectable  men,  according  to  the 
strict  terms  of  the  ancient  writ. 

DEAD,  (Sax.)  toea©,  iVor'tuus,  (F.)  3Iort. 
Deprived  of  life,  exanimate. 

DEADHOUSE,  Morqne. 

DEADLY,  Lethiferous,  Mortal. 

DEADMEN'S  BELLS,  Digitalis. 

DEADNETTLE,  Lamium  album. 

DEAF :  same  etymon  as  Deafness.  Surdtis, 
;F. }  Sourd,  {Sc.)  Didl.  Devoid  of  hearing.  Hard 
nf  hearing. 

DEAF-DUMBNESS,  Mutitas  surdorum. 

DEAFNESS,  (Sax.  ■oeap,)  Snr'ditas,  Copho'- 
fis,  Dysecoi'a,  Dyseece'a  organ'ica,  Baryecoi'a, 
Hardness  of  hearing,  Hi/poenpho'sis,  Sahsur'ditas, 
Bradycoi'a,  Bradyecoi'a,  (F.)  Surdite,  Burete  de 
I'ouie,  Bysecee.  Considerable  diminution  or  total 
loss  of  hearing.  It  may  be  the  effect  of  acute  or 
chronic  inflammation  of  the  internal  ear,  paralysis 
of  the  auditory  nerve  or  its  pulpy  extremity,  or 
of  some  mechanical  obstruction  to  the  sonorous 
rays.  In  most  cases,  however,  the  cause  of  the 
deafness  is  not  appreciable,  and  the  treatment 
has  to  be  purely  empirical.  Syringing  the  ears, 
dropping  in  slightly  stimulating  oils,  fumigations, 
&c.,  are  the  most  likely  means  to  afford  relief. 

Deafness,  Taylor's  Remedy  fob,  see  Allium. 

DEALBATIO,  Bealbation,  Paleness. 

BEALBATION  (¥.),  Bealba'tio,  Bleach' in g. 
Applied,  particularly,  to  the  whitening  of  bones 
for  anatomical  purposes. 

DEAMBULATIO,  Walking. 

DEARCH,  Nanus. 

DEARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis. 

DEASCIATIO,  Aposceparnismus. 

DEATH,  (Sax.  ■oea»,)  (Sc.)  Bede,  Beid ;  Apo- 
hio'sis,  Abio'sis,  Extinc'tio,  Ob'itus,  Psychorag"ia, 
Psyc'horrhag"ia,  Le'tlium,  Letiim,  3Iors,  Inter'itus, 
Than' atos,  Becease,  {¥.)3[ort.  Definitive  cessation 
of  all  the  functions,  the  aggregate  of  which  consti- 
tute life.  Real  Beath,  A'pothana'sia,  is  distin- 
guished from  asphyxia  or  apparentdeath — the  lat- 
ter being  merely  a  suspension  of  those  same  func- 
tions. But  it  is  often  difficult  to  judge  of  such  sus- 
pension, and  the  only  certain  sign  of  real  death  is 
the  commencement  of  putrefaction.  At  times, 
therefore,  great  caution  is  requisite  to  avoid  mis- 
takes. Death  is  commonly  preceded  by  some 
distressing  symptoms,  which  depend  on  lesion  of 
respiration,  circulation,  or  of  the  cerebral  func- 
tions, and  which  constitute  the  agony.  That  which 
occurs  suddenly,  and  without  any,  or  with  few, 
precursory  signs,  is  called  sudden  death.  It  is 
ordinarily  caused  by  disease  of  the  heart,  apo- 
plexy, the  rupture  of  an  aneurism,  or  by  some 


Death  beginning  at  the  heart, 

"  "  in  the  lungs- 

"  "  in  the  brain- 


other  organic  affection.  Death  is  natural,  (Sc.) 
Strae-death,\!hen  it  occurs  as  the  result  of  disease  : 
violent,  when  produced  by  some  forcible  agency. 
It  may  likewise  affect  the  whole  body,  or  a  part 
only;  hence  the  difference  between  soma/ic  and 
molecular  death. 

The  chief  varieties  of  the  modes  of  death  may 
be  thus  given  : 

Suddenly — Syn- 
cope :  Gradual — 
Asthenia. 
Asphyxia. 
■Apoplexy. 
in  the  gray  fParalj'sis  of 

"  "  matterof  the  ■<  pneumogastrics, 

medulla,         ( &c. 

"  "  in  the  blood  [?] — necrsemia. 

As  it  was  at  one  time  conceived,  with  Bichat, 
that  death  must  commence  in  the  heart,  lungs, 
or  brain,  these  organs  were  called  a'tria  mortis, 
'the  halls  of  death.' 

Death,  Apparent,  Asphyxia. 

Death,  Black.  Pestis  nigra,  Blade  Plague, 
(F.)  Peste  noire.  The  plague  of  the  14th  century 
was  so  called,  which  is  supposed  to  have  proved 
fatal  in  Europe  to  25,000,000  of  people. — Hecker. 

Death  of  Man,  Cicuta  maculata  —  d.  Stiffen- 
ing, Rigor  mortis. 

DEBILIS,  Infirm. 

DEBIL'ITANTS,  Behilitan'tia,  Antidynam'- 
ica,  Philadynam' ica,  from  debilitare,  itself  from 
debilis,  quasi  dehabilis,  'weak,'  'to  weaken.' 
Remedies  exhibited  for  the  purpose  of  reducing 
excitement.  Antiphlogistics  are,  hence,  debili- 
tants. 

DEBILITAS,  Debility— d.  Erethisica,  see  Irri- 
table —  d.  Nervosa,  Neurasthenia,  see  Irritable 
— d.  Visus,  Asthenopia. 

DEBIL'ITY,  Bebil'itas,  Astheni'a,  Hyposthe- 
ni'a,  Blaci'a,  Anenerge'sia,  Anenergi'a,  Weak- 
ness, (F.)  Faihlesse.  A  condition,  which  may  be 
induced  by  a  number  of  causes.  It  must  not  be 
confounded  with  fatigue,  which  is  temporary, 
whilst  debility  is  generally  more  permanent. 

Debility  may  be  real,  or  it  may  be  apparent ; 
and,  in  the  management  of  disease,  it  is  important 
to  attend  to  this.  At  the  commencement  of  fever, 
for  example,  there  is  often  a  degree  of  apparent 
debility,  which  prevents  the  use  of  appropriate 
means,  and  is  the  cause  of  much  evil.  Excite- 
ment is  more  dangerous  than  debility. 

BEBOITEMENT,  Luxation. 

BEBORBEMENT  (F.),  from  deborder  {de 
and  border),  '  to  overflow.'  A  popular  term  for 
one  or  more  sudden  and  copious  evacuations  from 
the  bowels.  It  is  chiefly  applied  to  bilious  eva- 
cuations of  this  kind — Bebordement  de  Bile. 

BEBRIBEMENT  (F.),  Frcgno'rum  solu'tio, 
from  (F.)  debrider  [de  and  brider),  'to  unbridle.' 
The  removal  of  filaments,  <S;c.,  in  a  wound  or 
abscess,  which  prevent  the  discharge  of  pus.  In 
a  more  general  acceptation,  it  means  the  cutting 
of  a  soft,  membranous,  or  aponeurotic  part,  which 
interferes  with  the  exercise  of  any  organ  what- 
ever; thus,  in  paraphimosis,  debridement  of  the 
prepuce  is  practised  to  put  an  end  to  the  inflam- 
mation of  the  glans  :  in  strangulated  hernia,  de- 
bridement of  the  abdominal  ring  is  had  recourse 
to,  to  remove  the  stricture  of  the  intestine,  &c. 

DECAGRAMME,  from  hKa,  'ten,'  and  ypaiiyta, 
'a  gramme.'  The  weight  of  ten  grammes,  164.34 
grains  Troj^. 

DECAM'YRON,  from  hKu,  'ten,'  and  ^vpov, 
'ointment.'  An  ancient  cataplasm,  composed  of 
malabathrum,  mastich,  euphorbium,  spilcenard, 
styrax  calamita,  carbonate  of  lime,  common  pep- 
per, unguentum  nardi,  opobalsamum,  and  wax. 

DECANTA'TION,  Becanta'tio,  Befu'sio,  Me- 


DECAPITATIO  ARTICULORUM    277 


DECOCTION 


tangism'oB,  Catach'ysis.  A  pharmaceutical  ope- 
ration, which  consists  in  pouring  off,  gentiy,  by 
inclining  the  vessel,  any  fluid  which  has  left  a 
deposit. 

DECAPITATIO  AP.TICULORUM,  see  Resec- 
tion. 

DECAPITATION,  Decollation. 

DECARBONIZATION,  Hsematosis. 

DECEASE,  Death. 

DECESSIO,  Ecpiesma. 

DECHARNE,  Demusculatus. 

DECHAPELLEMENT.  An  old  French  term, 
employed  by  Pare  and  others  for  the  operation 
of  cutting  and  removing,  with  a  strong  forceps, 
the  corona  of  a  carious  tooth,  where  it  is  desired 
to  preserve  the  fang. 

BECHAUSSE3IENT  (¥.),  (de  and  ohaiisser.) 
The  state  in  which  the  gums  have  fallen  away 
from  the  teeth,  as  in  those  affected  by  mercury, 
in  old  persons,  &c.  Also,  the  operation  of  lanc- 
ing the  gums.     See  Gum  lancet. 

DECHAUSSOIR,  Gum  lancet. 

UECHIREMENT,  Laceration. 

DECHIRURE,  Wound,  lacerated— e?.  de  V Ute- 
rus, Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

DECIDENTIA,  Cataptosis,  Epilepsy. 

DECIDUA,  Decidua  membrana. 

Decid'ua  Membra'na,  Decid'ua,  Decid'uous 
Membrane,  from  decidere,  'to  fall  off,'  {de  and 
cadere.)  So  called  on  account  of  its  being  consi- 
dered to  be  discharged  from  the  uterus  at  partu- 
rition. A  membrane,  formerly  defined  to  be  the 
outermost  membrane  of  the  f«tus  in  utero  ;  and 
still  so  defined  by  some — as  by  Dr.  Lee.  Chaus- 
sier  calls  it  Epicho'rion:  by  others,  it  has  been 
called  Membra'na  cadu'ea  Hunteri,  M .  fioceulen' - 
ta  sen  cellulo'sa  seu  sinuo'sa  seu  commn'nis  seu 
2}r(Bexis'lens,  Decidua  externa  seu  spongio'sa,  Tit'- 
nica  exterior  ovi  seu  cadu'ea  seu  crassa,  Mem- 
bra'na cribro'sa  seu  ovi  mater'na  seu  muco'sa  seu 
it'teri  intern'a  evolu'ta,  Epio'ne,  Placen'ta  uteri 
sueceiituria'tiis,  Sabplacen'ta,  Nidri men' turn,  An- 
his'tous  membrane,  (F.)  Caduque,  G.  vraie,  Mem- 
brane caduque,  Epione,  Perioiie ;  —  prior  to  the 
time  of  the  Hunters,  called  Cho'rion  sj^ongio'sum 
seu  tomento' sum  seu  fungo'sum  seu  reticul.a'tum, 
&o.,  Tu' nica  jilamento' sa,  Slinggy  Chorion,  Spongy 
Chorion,  &c.  Great  diversity  has  prevailed  re- 
garding this  membrane  and  its  reflected  portion. 
It  exists  before  the  germ  arrives  in  the  uterus — 
as  it  has  been  met  with  in  tubal  and  ovarial  preg- 
nancies; and  is  occasioned  by  a  new  action,  as- 
sumed by  the  uterine  vessels  at  the  moment  of 
conception.  Chaussier,  Lobstein,  Gardien,  Vel- 
peau,  and  others,  consider  it  to  be  a  sac,  without 
apertures,  completely  lining  the  uterus,  and  that 
when  the  ovum  descends  through  the  tube,  it 
pushes  the  decidua  before  it,  and  becomes  enve- 
loped in  it,  except  at  the  part  destined  to  form 
the  placenta.  That  portion  of  the  membrane 
which  covers  the  ovum,  forms  the  JIfembra'na 
decid'ua  reflex'a,  (F.)  Caduque  reflechie,  3[em- 
brane  caduque  reflechie,  according  to  them- — -the 
part  lining  the  uterus  being  the  Decidua  Vtei-i, 
(F.)  Caduque  lUerine.  Towards  the  end  of  the 
fourth  month,  the  decidua reflexa disappears.  The 
very  existence  of  a  Tunica  decidua  reflexa  has, 
however,  been  denied.  This  last  membrane  has 
received  various  names.  Dr.  Granville,  regard- 
ing it  as  the  external  membrane  of  the  ovum,  has 
termed  it  Cortex  ovi.  It  has  also  been  termed 
Involu'crum.  membrana' ceum,  Membra'na  reti- 
form'is  cho'rii  seu  jilamento' sa  seu  adventit"ia 
seu  crassa,  Ovuline  and  Decid'ua  p>rotru' sa.  To 
the  membrane  which,  according  to  Bojanvis  and 
others,  is  situate  between  the  placenta  and  the 
uterus,  and  which  he  considers  to  be  produced 


at  a  later  period  than  the  decidua  vera,  he  gav« 
the  name  membra'na  decid'ua  sero'tina. 

Histological  researches  seem  to  show,  that  the 
decidua  is  an  altered  condition  of  the  lining 
membrane  of  the  uterus,  with  a  whitish  secretion 
filling  the  uterine  tubular  glands.  The  decidua 
reflexa  is  probably  formed  by  the  agency  of  nu- 
cleated cells  from  the  plastic  materials  thrown  out 
from  the  decidua  uteri;  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  chorion  is  formed  in  the  Fallopian  Tube  from 
plastic  materials  thrown  out  from  its  lining  mem- 
brane. That  the  decidua  reflexa  is  not  a  mere 
inverted  portion  of  the  decidua  uteri  is  shown 
by  the  fact,  that  the  texture  of  the  two  is  by  no 
means  identical. 

Decidua  Protrusa,  Decidua  reflexa. 

DECIDUOUS  MEMBRANE,  Decidua  (mem- 
brana). 

DECIGRAMME,  Decigram'ma,  from  decimus, 
'the  tenth  part,'  and  ypajjijia,  'gramme.'  The 
tenth  part  of  the  gramme  in  weight;  equal  to  a 
little  less  than  two  grains,  French  ;  1.543  Troy. 

DECIMA'NA  FEBRIS,  from  decern,  'ten.' 
An  intermittent,  whose  parox3'sms  return  every 
10th  day  or  every  9  days.     It  is  supposititious. 

DECLAMA'TION,  Declama'tio,  from  de,  and 
clamare,  clamatum,  '  to  cry  out.'  The  art  of  de- 
picting the  sentiments  by  inflections  of  the  voice, 
accompanied  with  gestures,  which  render  the 
meaning  of  the  speaker  more  evident,  and  infuse 
into  the  minds  of  the  auditors  the  emotions  with 
which  he  is  impressed.  Declamation  may  become 
the  cause  of  disease:  the  modification,  produced 
in  the  pulmonary  circulation,' — accompanied  by 
the  great  excitement,  sometimes  experienced, — is 
the  cause  of  many  morbid  afi'ections;  particularly 
of  pneumonia,  haemoptysis,  and  apoplexj'.  la 
moderation,  it  gives  a  healthy  excitement  to  the 
frame. 

DECLTN,  Decline. 

DECLTNATIO,  Decline. 

DECLINE,  Declina'tio,  Inclina'tio,  Deere- 
men'tum,  Remis'sio,  Parac'me,  Parac'masis,  (F.) 
Declin,  from  de,  and  clinare,  'to  bend.'  That 
period  of  a  disorder  or  paroxysm,  at  which  the 
symptoms  begin  to  abate  in  violence.  We  speak, 
also,  of  the  decline  of  life,  or  of  the  powers,  (F.) 
Declin  de  I'age,  L'age  de  declin,  when  the  phy- 
sical and  moral  faculties  lose  a  little  of  their  ac- 
tivity and  energy.     See  Phthisis,  and  Tabes. 

DECEIVE,  (F.)  Decli'vis,  from  de,  'from','  and 
clivus,  'acclivity.'  Inclining  downwards.  This 
epithet  is  applied  to  the  most  depending  j)^rt  of  a 
tumour  or  abscess. 

DECOCTE,  Decoction. 

DECOCTION,  Decoc'tio,  from  decoquere,  'to 
boil,'  {de  and  coquere,  coctum,)  Epse'sis,  Apoz'esis, 
Zesis,  Hepse'sis,  Aphepsis,  (F.)  Decoction.  The 
operation  of  boiling  certain  ingredients  in  a  fluid, 
for  the  purpose  of  extracting  the  parts  soluble  at 
that  temperature.  Decoction,  likewise,  means 
the  product  of  this  operation,  to  which  the  terms 
Deeoctum,  Zema,  Aphepse'?na,  Ap'ozem,  Apoz'ema, 
Hepse'ma,  Chylus  and  Epise' ma,  (F.)  Decode,  Hy- 
drole,  Hydrolite,  have  been  applied  according  to 
ancient  custom,  in  order  to  avoid  any  confusion 
between  the  operation  and  its  product; — as  prcs- 
23aratio  is  used  for  the  act  of  preparing;  prcepa- 
ratum,  for  the  thing  prepared. 

Decoction  op  Aloes,  Compound,  Deeoctum 
aloes  compositum  —  d.  of  Bark,  Deeoctum  Cin- 
chona}— d.  of  Bark,  pale,  see  Deeoctum  Cinchonai 
—  d.  of  Bark,  red,  see  Deeoctum  Cinchonse  —  d. 
of  Bark,  yellow,  see  Deeoctum  Cinchonae — d.  of 
Barley,  Deeoctum  hordei  —  d.  of  Barlej',  com- 
pound, Deeoctum  hordei  compositum — d.  Bitter, 
Deeoctum  amarum — d.  of  Broom,  Deeoctum  sco- 
parii  —  d.  of  Broom,  compound,  Deeoctum  sco- 


DECOCTUM 


278 


DECOCTUM 


parii  compositum — d.  of  Cabbage  tree  bark,  De- 
coctutQ  geoffraese  inermis — d.  of  Cassia,  Decoctum 
cassise  —  d.  of  Chamomile,  Decoctum  anthemidis 
nobilis — d.  of  Cinchona,  Decoctum  Cinchonte — d. 
of  Cinchona,  compound  laxative,  Decoctum  kinse 
kinse  compositum  etlaxans — d.  of  Colomba,  com- 
pound, Decoctum  Colombse  compositum  —  d.  of 
Dandelion,  Decoctum  Taraxaci — d.  of  Dogwood, 
Decoctum  Cornfis  Floridae — d.  of  Elm  bark,  De- 
coctum ulmi — d.  of  Flaxseed,  compound,  Decoc- 
tum Lini  compositum — d.  of  Foxglove,  Decoctum 
digitalis  —  d.  de   Gayac  composee,  &c.,  Decoctum 
de  Guyaco  compositum  —  d.  of  Guaiacum,  com- 
pound,  Deciyc'tum    Guaiaci   compositum  —  d.  of 
Guaiacum,    compound   purgative,    Decoctum    de 
Guayaco   compositum  —  d.  of  Hartshorn,  burnt, 
Mistura  cornu  usti  —  d.  of  Hellebore,  white,  De- 
coctum veratri  —  d.  of  Iceland  moss,  Decoctum 
cetrariae — d.  of  Logwood,  Decoctum  hsematoxyli 
— d.  of  Marshmallows,  Decoctum  altha?se — d.  de 
Mauve  composee,  Decoctum  malvfe  ccmpositum — 
d.  of  Oak  bark,  Decoctum  quercus  —  d.  d'Orge, 
Decoctum  hordei — d.  d'Orge  composee,  Decoctum 
hordei  compositum — d.  of  Pareira  Brava,  Decoc- 
tum Pareirae  —  d.  of  Pipsissewa,  Decoctum  chi- 
maphila; — d.  of  Poppy,  Decoctum  papaveris — d. 
of  Quince  seeds,  Decoctum  eydoniae — d.  de  Quiu- 
quina  composee  et  laxative,  Decoctum  kina3  kinas 
compositum  et  laxans  —  d.  de  Salsepareille  com- 
posee, Decoctum  sarsaparillse  compositum — d.  of 
Sarsaparilla,  Decoctum  sarsaparillse  —  d.  of  Sar- 
saparilla,  compound,  Decoctum  sarsaparillse  com- 
positum— d.  of  Sarsaparilla,,  false,  Decoctum  ara- 
liaj  nudicaulis — d.  of  Squill,  Decoctum  seillae — d. 
of  Tormentil,  Decoctum  Tormentillse — d.  of  Uva 
ursi,  Decoctum  uvse  ursi  —  d.  of  the  Woods,  De- 
coctum Guaiaci  compositum — d.  of  Woody  night- 
shade, Decoctum    dulcamarse  —  d.  of   Zittmann, 
Decoctum  Zittmanni. 

DECOCTUM,  Decoction  — d.  Album,  Mistura 
cornu  usti. 

Decoctum  Al'oes  Compos'itum,  Decoctum 
Aloes,  Balsam  of  Life,  Compound  Decoction  of 
Aloes.  {Ext.  glyc.  ^^ij.  potass,  earb.  3J>  aloes, 
tnyrrha  contrit. :  croci  aa  3'SS)  aqucB  Diss  (Imp. 
meas.).  Boil  to  Oj  :  strain,  and  add  tinct.  card. 
c.  §vij.  Pharm.  L.)  The  gum  and  extractive  are 
dissolved  in  this  preparation.  The  alkali  is  added 
to  take  up  a  little  of  the  resin.  The  tincture  pre- 
vents it  from  spoiling.  It  is  gently  cathartic. 
Dose,  f3ss  to  5ij. 

Decoctum  Alth^e'^,  Mistura  Althce'cB,  D. 
althcEm  officina'lis :  Decoction  or  Blixture  of 
MnrsJi-malloios,  (F.)  Decoction  de  Guimauve. 
(Bad.  althcBCB  sice.  ^iv.  uvar.  passar.  ^ij,  aqucB, 
Ovij.  Boil  to  Ov.  Pour  oif  the  clear  liquor. 
Pharm.  E.)     It  is  used  as  a  demulcent. 

Decoctum  Ama'rum;  Bitter  Decoction.  {Bad. 
gent.  5J>  aq»(B  Oijss.  Boil  for  a  quarter  of  an 
hour  ,•  add  species  amarcB  ^U-  Infuse  for  two 
hours  and  filter,  without  expressing.  Pharm.  P.) 
It  is  tonic.     Dose,  f§ss  to  ^^ij. 

Decoctum  Amyli,  Mucilago  amyli. 
Decoctum  Anthem'idis  Nob'ilis,  D.  ChamcB- 
me'li ;  Decoction  of  Cham'omile.  {Flor.  anthe- 
mid.  nohil.  ^j,  sem,  carui  "^^y,  aqua  Ov.  Boil 
for  fifteen  minutes  and  strain.  Pharm.  E.)  It 
contains  bitter  extractive  and  essential  oil,  dis- 
solved in  water.  It  is  used,  occasionally,  as  a 
vehicle  for  tonic  powders,  pills,  <fec.,  and  in  fo- 
mentations and  glysters  ;  but  for  the  last  pur- 
pose, warm  water  is  equally  efficacious.  The 
Dublin  college  has  a  compound  decoction. 

Decoctum  Ara'i.i^  Nudicau'lis;  Decocfion 
of  False  Sarsapnrill'a.  {AralicB  nudicaul.  ^vj, 
aqucB  Oviij.  Digest  for  four  hours,  and  then  boil 
to  four  pints :  press  out  and  strain  the  ^jecoction. 
Former  Ph.  U.  S.)      It  is  used  as  a  stomachic, 


but  it  ,s  an   unnecessary  and  laborious  prepa- 
ration. 

Decoctum  Cas'si^;  Decoction  of  Cassia.  {Caa- 
sicB  pulp.  3ij,  a.qu<B  Oij.  Boil  for  a  few  minutes, 
filter  without  expression,  and  add  syrup,  violar. 
5J,  or  manna  pur.  ^^ij-  Pharm.  P.)  It  is  lax- 
ative, in  the  dose  of  ^vj. 

Decoctum  Cetra'ri^,  Decoctum  Liche'nis  Is- 
land'ici.  Decoction  of  Iceland  Ifoss.  {Getrar.  ^ss, 
aqucB  Oiss.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain  with  com- 
pression. Ph.  U.  S.)  It  consists  of  bitter  ex- 
tractive and  fecula,  dissolved  in  water,  and  its 
operation  is  tonic  and  demulcent.  Dose,  f^j  to 
5iv.  It  is  also  nutrient,  but  hardly  worthy  of 
the  rank  of  an  officinal  preparation. 

Decoctum  Cham^meli,  Decoctum  anthemidis 
nobilis. 

Decoctum  Chimaph'iLjE,  Decoction  of  Pipsis'- 
sewa.  {Ohimaph.  contus.  ^j,  (t^kce  Oiss.  Boil  to 
a  pint,  and  strain.  Pharm.  U.  S.)  A  pint  may 
be  given  in  the  course  of  the  twenty-four  hours. 
Decoctum  CiNCHo'NyE,  D.  Cor'ticis  Cinchonm 
seu  KincB  Kince,  Decoction  of  Cinchona  or  of 
Bark.  {Cinchou.  cort.  contus.  §j,  aqua  Oj.  Boil 
for  ten  minutes,  in  a  slightly-covered  vessel,  and 
strain  while  hot.  It  contains  quinia  and  resinous 
extractive,  dissolved  in  water.  Long  eoction  oxy- 
genates and  precipitates  the  extractive.  It  can 
be  given,  where  the  powder  does  not  sit  easy, 
&c.     Dose,  f^j  to  3iv. 

The  Pharraacoposia  of  the  United  States  has  a 
Decoctum  Cinchona  flava.  Decoction  of  yellow 
bark,  and  a  Decoctum  Cinchona  rubra,  Decoction 
of  red  bark,  both  of  which  are  prepared  as  above. 
The  London,  Edinburgh,  and  Dublin  Colleges 
have  a  Decoctum  Cinchona  pallida,  Decoction  of 
Pale  Bark. 

Decoctum  Colom'b^  Compos'itum;  Compound 
Decoction  of  Colomba.  {Colomb.  contus.,  quassia, 
aa  ,^5'ji  co>'t-  aurant.  %],  rhej  pulv.  ^j,  potassa 
carbonat.  ^ss,  aqua  ^xx.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and 
add  tinct.  lavand.  f^ss.  Former  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Given  as  a  tonic,  but  not  worthy  an  officinal 
station. 

Decoctum  Commune  pro  Clystere,  D.  malvaj 
compositum  —  d.  Cornu  cervini,  Mistura  cornu 
usti. 

Decoctum  Coknus  Flor'id^,  Decoction  of 
Dogwood.  {Cornus  Florid,  cont.  §j,  aqua  Oj. 
Boil  for  ten  minutes  in  a  covered  vessel,  and 
strain  while  hot.     Pharm.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^iss. 

Decoctum  Cydo'ni>®,  Mudla'go  Sem'inis  Cy- 
do'nii  Mali  seu  Sem'inum  Cydonio'rum ;  Decoc 
tion  or  Mu'cilage  of  Quince  seeds.  {Cydonia 
sem.  ,5iji  aqxia  Oj.  Boil  for  ten  minutes  over  a 
gentle  fire,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is  merely 
a  solution  of  mucilage  in  water,  and  is  used  as  a 
demulcent. 

Decoctum  Daphses  Meze'rei,  Decoctum  Me- 
ze'rei,  Decoction  of  Meze'reon.  {Blezerei,  ^\}, 
glycyrrh.  eont.  5J,  aqua  Oij.  Boil  over  a  gentle 
fire  to  Oiss,  and  strain.  Ph.  E.)  The  acrimony 
of  the  mezereon  and  the  saccharine  mucilage  of 
the  liquorice  root  are  imparted  to  the  water.  It 
is  somewhat  stimulant,  and  has  been  used  in 
secondary  s_yphilis;  but  is  devoid  of  power. 
Dose,  f^iij  to  ^vj. 

Decoctum  Diaphoreticum,  D.  Guaiaci  compo- 
situm— d.  pro  Enemate,  D.  malvfe  compositum. 

Decoctum  Digita'lis,  Decoction  of  Fox-(jl.ove. 
(Fol.  digit,  sice.  ^j.  aqua  q.  s.  ut  colentur  f3viij. 
Let  the  liquor  begin  to  boil  over  a  slow  fire,  and 
then  remove  it.  Digest  for  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain.  Pharm.  D.)  It  possesses  the  properties 
of  the  plant.     Dose,  fjij  to  ^'U- 

Decoctum  Dulcama'r^,  Decocfion  of  Woody 
Nightshade.  {Dulcamara  cont.  ,^j,  aqua  Oiss. 
Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain.  Pharm.  IT.  S.)  This  de- 
coction has  been  considered  diuretic  and  diapho- 


DECOCTUM 


279 


DECOCTUM 


retie,  and  has  been  administered  extensively  in 
skin  diseases.  It  is  probably  devoid  of  efficacy. 
Decoctdm  pro  Fomento,  D.  papaveris. 
Decoctum  GEOFFRiE'jE  Inerm'is  J  Decoction 
of  Cahbage-Tree  Bark.  (Cort.  yeoffr.  inermis,  in 
pulv.  3J,  AqncB  Oij.  Boil  over  a  slow  fire  to  a 
pint,  and  strain.  Pharm.  E.)  It  is  possessed  of 
anthelmintic,  purgative,  and  narcotic  properties, 
and  has  been  chiefly  used  for  the  first  of  these 
purposes.  Dose,  to  children,  f^ij  —  to  adults, 
f5ss  to  §ij.  _     _ 

Decoctum  Guai'aci  Compos'itum,  D.  Guaiaci 
qfficina'iis  compos'itum  seu  Ligno'rum  seu  de 
Guyaco  compos'itmn  seu  audorif  icum  seu  diapho- 
ret'icum;  Compound  decoction  of  Guaiacum,  De- 
coction of  the  Woods.  {Lign.  guaiac.  rasur.  3''J' 
fruct.  sice,  vitis  vinifer.  !^ij,  rad.  lauri.  sassafr. 
concis.,  rad.  glyeyrrh.  aa  5J,  aqucB  Ox.  Boil  the 
Guaiacum  and  raisins  over  a  slow  fire  to  Ov  : 
adding  the  roots  towards  the  end,  then  strain. 
Pharm.  E.)  It  is  possessed  of  stimulant  proper- 
ties, and  has  been  given  in  syphilitic,  cutaneous, 
and  rheumatic  affections.  The  resin  of  the 
guaiacum  is,  however,  insoluble  in  water,  so  that 
the  guaiac  wood  in  it  cannot  be  supposed  to  pos- 
sess much,  if  any,  effect.  The  Parisian  Codex 
has  a 

Decoctum  de  Guyaco  Compos'itum  et  Pur- 
GANS,  (F.)  Decoction  de  Gayac  Composee  et  Pur- 
gative j  Compound  purgative  Decoction  of  Guai'- 
acuni.  [Lign.  guaiac.  rasp.,  rad.  sarsap.  aa  ^], 
potass,  carbonat.  gr.  xxv.  Macerate  for  twelve 
hours,  agitating  occasionally,  in  water  Oiv,  until 
there  remain  Oiij.  Then  infuse  in  it  fol.  senncB 
^ij,  rhej  ^j,  lign.  sassafr.,  glyeyrrh.  rad.  aa  ^ij, 
tem,.  coriund.  ^j.  Strain  gently,  suffer  it  to  settle, 
tnd  pour  off  the  clear  supernatant  liquor.  The 
itle  sufficiently  indicates  the  properties  of  the 
jomposition. 

Decoctum  Hj5matox'yli,  Decoction  of  Log- 
wood. {Ilcemntoxyl.  rasur.  5J)  f?"®  Oij.  Boil 
V)  a.  pint,  and  strain.     Pharm.  U.  S.) 

Decoctum  Hellebori  Albi,  D.  veratri. 

Decoctum  Hor'dei,  Decoctum  Hordei  Dis'- 
tichi,  Ptis'ana  Hippocrat'ica,  Tipsa'ria,  Tap- 
sa'ria,  Aqua  Hordea'ta,  Hydrocri'the,  Barley 
Water,  Decoc'tion  of  Barley,  (F.)  Decoction 
d'Orge,  Tisane  Commune.  (Hord.  ^ij,  AqucR 
Oivss.  Wash  the  barley  well,  boil  for  a  few 
minutes  in  loater  Oss  :  strain  this,  ancj  throw  it 
away,  and  add  the  remainder,  boiling.  Boil  to 
Oij,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is  nutritive  and 
demulcent,  and  is  chiefly  used  as  a  common  drink, 
and  in  glysters. 

Decoc'tum  Hordei  Compos'itum,  Decoctum 
pectora'le,  Ilistu'ra  Hor'dei,  Ptis'ana  commu'nis  ; 
Compound  Decoction  of  Barley,  (F.)  Decoction 
d'Orge  composee.  (Decoct,  hord.  Oij,  cariccB 
fruct.  concis.  ,^iiss,  glyeyrrh,  rad.  concis.  et  con- 
tus.  ^vj,  uvarum  pass,  demptis  acinis.  ^ijss,  aqucB 
Oj.  Boil  to  Oij,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  has 
similar  properties  to  the  last. 

Decoctum  Kinje  Kin^,  D.  Cinchonse. 

Decoctum  Kin^  KinjE  Compos'itum  et  Lax- 
ANS,  Decoction  de  quinquina  composee  et  laxative ; 
Compound  lax'ative  decoction  of  Cinchona.  ( Corf, 
cinchon.  ^j,  aqucB  Oij.  Boil  for  a  quarter  of  an 
hour,  remove  it  from  the  fire  ;  then  infuse  in  it, 
for  half  an  hour,  fol.  senncB,  sodm  sul2)h.  aa  ^ij  : 
add  syrup,  de  senna  f  ,^j.)  Its  title  indicates  its 
properties. 

Decoctum  Lichenis  Islandici,  Decoctum  Ce- 
trarige — d.  Lignorum,  D.  Guaiaci  eompositum. 

Decoctum  Lini  Compos'itum,  Compound  De- 
toction  of  Flaxseed.  {Lini  ^j,  Glycyrrhiz.  con- 
tus.  ,^ss,  aqu(E  Oiss.  Boil  for  ten  minutes,  and 
strain.     L'h.  D.) 

Decoctum  MalvjE  Compos'itum,  Decoctum 
pro   enem'ate  seu  commu'ne  pro  clyste're  ;   Com- 


pound Decoction  of  Ifallow,  (F.)  Decoction  de 
Mauve  composee.  {MalvcB  exsicc.  ^j,  anthemid. 
flor.  exsicc.  ^ss.  aquae  Oj.  Boil  for  fifteen  minutes 
and  strain.)  It  consists  of  bitter  extractive,  and 
mucilage  in  water,  and  is  chiefly  used  for  clysters 
and  fomentations.  It  is  unworthy  a  place  in  the 
pharmacopceias. 

Decoctum  Mezbrei,  D.  daphnes  mezerei. 

Decoctum  Papav'eris,  Decoc'tum  pro  Fo- 
men'to,  Fotus  commu'nis ;  Decoction,  of  Poppy. 
(Papav.  somnif.  capsul.  concis.  ,^iv,  aqncB  Oiv. 
Boil  for  fifteen  minutes,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.) 
It  contains  the  narcotic  principle  of  the  poppy, 
and  mucilage  in  water:  is  anodyne  and  emol- 
lient, and  employed  as  such  in  fomentation,  in 
painful  swellings,  ulcers,  <&c. 

Decoctum  Parei'r^e,  Decoction  of  Pareira 
Brava.  (Pareir.  brav.  ^x,  Aq.  destillat  Oiss, 
(Imp.  meas.)     Boil  to  a  pint  and  strain.     Dose, 

f^J  to  I'J- 

Decoctum  Pectorals,  D.  hordei  eompositum 
— d.  Polygalae  Senegas,  D.  Senega?. 

Decoctum  Quercus  Ai.bje,  D.  QuercAs  JRo'- 
boris  ;  Decoction  of  White  Oak.  Bark.  ( Quercus 
cort.  §j,  aqucB  Oiss.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain. 
Pharm.  U.  S.)  It  is  astringent,  and  used  as 
such,  in  injections,  in  leueorrhcea,  uterine  hemor- 
rhage, &c.,  as  well  as  in  the  form  of  fomentation 
to  unhealthy  tilcers. 

Decoctum  SarSjE,  Decoctum  Sarsaparillse. 

Decoctum  Sarsaparil'l^,  D.  Smi'lacis  Sar- 
saparillcB,  D.  Snrsm,  D.  SarzcB ;  Decoction  of 
Sarsaparilla.  (Sarsaparill.  rad.  concis.  ^v,  aq. 
fervent.  Oiv.  (Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  for  four 
hours  near  the  fire,  in  a  lightly-covered  vessel; 
then  bruise  the  root;  macerate  again  for  two 
hours:  then  boil  to  Oij,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.) 
It  contains  bitter  extractive,  and  mucilage  in 
water;  is  demulcent,  and  has  been  used,  although 
it  is  doubtful  with  what  efficacy,  in  the  sequelae 
of  syphilis.     Dose,  f^iv  to  Oss. 

Decoctum  SarsaparillvE  Compos'itum;  Com- 
pound  Decoction  of  Sarsajjaril'la,  (F.)  Decoction 
de  Sahepareille  Composee.  (Sarsaparill.  concis. 
et  contus.  ^  vj,  Sassafr.  Cort.  concis.,  Lign.  Guaiac. 
rasur..  Had.  .Glycyrrhiz.  contus.,  aa  ^j,  3fezerei, 
concis.  ^iij' -43'"^  Oiv.  Boil  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain.  I-'harm.  U.  S.)  This  is  considered  to  be 
possessed  of  analogous  properties  to  the  celebrated 
Lisbon  Diet-Drink,  Decoc'tum Lusitan'ieum,  which 
it  resembles  in  composition. 

Decoctum  Sarz^,  Decoctum  Sarsaparillse. 

Decoctuai  ScilL/E  ;  Decoction  of  Squill.  (Scil- 
IcB,  ^uj,  juniper.  §iv,  SenegcB,  5"ji  Aquw  Oiv. 
Boil  till  one  half  the  liquor  is  consumed;  strain, 
and  add  spirit  of  nitrous  ether,  f.^iv.  Former 
Pharm.  V.  S-)     Dose,  f^ss. 

Decoctum  Scopa'rii,  Decoction  of  Broom, 
(Scopar.  exsiceat.  ,^ss,  (avoirdupois);  Aqua  Oss. 
(imp.  meas.)  Boil  for  ten  minutes  and  strain. 
—Ph.  D.) 

Decoctum  Scopa'rii  Compos'itum,  D.  Scoparii 
(Ph.E.),  Compound  Decoction  of  Broom  (Scopar., 
Junip.  cont.,  Taraxac.  eont.,  aa  ^ss;  Aq.  destillat. 
Oiss,  (Imp.  meas.)  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain. 
Ph.  L.)  Dose,  half  a  pint  to  a  pint,  in  the  day; 
as  a  diuretic,  in  dropsy. 

Decoctum  Se^'bgje.D.  Polyg'alcB  Senegce ,-  De- 
coction of  Senega.  (Seneg.  eont.  ^j,  oquce  Oiss. 
Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain.  Ph.  V.  S.)  It  is  reputed 
to  be  diuretic,  purgative,  and  stimulant,  and  has 
been  given  in  dropsy,  rheumatism,  &c. 

Decoctum  Smilacis  Sarsaparill^,  D.  sarsa- 
parilla;— d.  Sudorificum,  D.  Guaiaci  eompositum. 

Decoctum  Tarax'aci,  Decoction  of  Dandeli'on. 
(Taraxac.  contus.  ^^iv,  aqua  Oiss.  (Imp.  meas.) 
Boil  to  a  pint,  nnd  strain.    Ph.  L.)     Dose  fgiss. 

Decoctum  Tormentil'lve,  Decoction  of  Tor. 
mentil.    ( Tormentil.  cont.  Jij,  Aqnce  destillat.  Oiss. 


DECOLLATION 


280 


DEFENSIVUM 


(Imp.  meas.)     Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain.     Dose, 
as  an  astringent,  one  or  two  fluid  ounces. 

Decoctdm  Ulmi,  D.  Ulmi  Campes'tris,  Decoc- 
tion of  Elm  Bark.  (  Ulmi  cort.  recent,  cont.  §iiss, 
aqucB  Oij.  (Imp.  meas.)  Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain. 
Ph.  L.)  It  is  a  reputed  diuretic,  and  has  been 
used  in  lepra  and  herpes  ;  but,  probably,  has  no 
efficacy.     Dose,  f§iv  to  Oss. 

Decoctum  Uvjb  Uksi,  Decoction  of  uva  ursi, 
{UvcB  ursi,  ^},  aqua,  f§xx.  Boil  to  a  pint  and 
strain.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^iss. 

Decoctum  Vera'tri,  Decoctum  Helleh'ori  alhi; 
Decoction  of  White  Hel'lehore.  ( Veratri  rad. 
cont.  3J,  aqucB  Oij,  sjnr.  rec.  f^ij.  Boil  the 
watery  decoction  to  Oj,  and,  when  it  is  cold,  add 
the  spirit.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is  stimulant,  acrid, 
and  cathartic;  but  is  used  only  externally.  It 
is  a  useful  wash  in  tinea  ca^ntis,  2^sora,  &o. 
Should  it  excite  intense  pain  on  being  applied,  it 
must  be  diluted. 

Decoctum  Zittman'ni,  Zitt'mann's  Decoction. 
A  most  absurd  farrago,  extolled  by  Thcden  in 
venereal  diseases,  the  formula  for  which,  accord- 
ing to  Jourdan,  "  some  blockheads  have  lately 
reproduced  among  us  as  a  novelty."  It  is  com- 
posed of  sarsaparilla,  pulvis  stypticus,  calomel 
and  cinnabar,  boiled  in  ioaier  with  aniseed,  fennel 
seed,  and  liquorice  root.  A  stronger  and  a  weaker 
decoction  were  directed  by  Zittmann.  Formulae 
for  its  preparation  are  contained  in  Jourdan's 
Pharmacopoeia  Universalis;  and  in  Lincke's  VoU- 
standiges  Recept-Taschenbuch.     Leipz.,  1841. 

DECOLLA'TION,  Decapita'tion,  Decapnta' tio, 
Ohtrunca'tio,  from  de  and  collum,  '  the  neck.' 
The  act  of  separating  the  head  from  the  trunk, 
by  the  section  of  the  neck,  as  in  cases  of  Kiystocia. 
DECOLLEMENT,  (P.)  Deglutina'tio,  (from 
de  and  caller,  'to  glue.')  The  state  of  an  organ 
that  is  separated  from  the  surrounding  parts, 
owing  to  destruction  of  the  areolar  membrane 
which  united  them.  The  skin  is  deeollee,  i.  e. 
separated  from  the  subjacent  parts,  by  a  burn, 
subcutaneous  abscess,  &o. 

DMCOLLEiMENT  DU  PLACENTA  is  the 
separation  or  detachment  of  the  whole  or  a  part 
of  the  placenta  from  the  inner  surface  of  the  .ute- 
rus. DecoUement,  from  de,  'from,'  and  collum, 
'  the  neck,'  ohtrunca'tio,  also  means  the  separa- 
tion of  the  head  of  the  fcetus  from  the  trunk,  the 
latter  remaining  in  the  uterus. 

DECOLORA'TION,  Decolora'tio,  Discolora'- 
tio,  from  de,  '  from,'  and  colorare,  coloratum,  '  to 
colour.'  Loss  of  the  natural  colour;  Parachro'sis. 
Devoid  of  colour — Achroma'sia. 

In  Pharmacy,  any  process  by  which  liquids,  or 
solids  in  solution,  are  deprived  wholly  or  in  part 
of  their  colour, — as  by  bringing  them  in  contact 
with  animal  charcoal. 

DEC03IP0SEE  (P.),  from  de,  'from,'  and 
componere,  compositum,  '  to  compose.'  Deeom- 
po'sed,  Dissolu'tus.  An  epithet,  applied  to  the 
face  when  extensively  changed  in  its  expression 
and  colour;  as  in  the  choleric  or  moribund. 

DECORTICA'TION,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
cortex,  eorticis,  '  bark.'  An  operation,  which 
consists  in  separating  the  bark  from  roots, 
stalks,  &c. 

DECOS'TIS,   Apleu'ros,    from    de,   priv.,  and 
casta,  'a  rib.'     One  who  has  no  ribs. 
DECREMENTUM,  Decline. 
DECREPIT,  see  Decrepitude. 
'DECF,.'E,F'ITVDE,Decrepitu'do,^tnsdecrep'i- 
ta,  Ul'tima  senec'tus,  Senec'ta  decrcp' ita  seu  ex- 
tre'ina  seu   summa   seu  ul'tima,  from  decrepitus, 
(de,  and  crepere,  crepitum,  '  to  creak,')  'very  old.' 
The  last  period  of  old  age,  and  of  human  life  ; 
which  ordinarily  occurs  about  the  eightieth  year. 
It  may,  however,   be  accelerated  or  protracted. 


Its  character  consists  in  the  progressive  series 
of  phenomena  which  announce  the  approaching 
extinction  of  life.  One  in  this  stage  of  existence 
is  said  to  be  decrep'it,  decrejy'ii^is,  (P.)  decrepit. 
DECRETORII  DIES,  Critical  days. 
DEGU'BITUS,  from  decumbere,  {de,  and  cit- 
bere,  cubitum,  'to  lie,')  'to  lie  down.'  Cuba'tio. 
Lying  down.  Assuming  the  horizontal  posture, 
cu'bitus  supi'nus  ;  (P.)  Coucher.  Hora  decubitus, 
'  at  bed  time.'  The  French  say — Decubitus  hori- 
zontal, sur  le  dos,  sur  le  cote,  for,  lying  in  the 
horizontal  posture,  on  the  back  or  side. 

DECURTA'TUS,  nuovpo?,  or  iitiovpii,(,>v,  from 
de,  and  curtus,  'short,'  'shortened,  curtailed,' 
'running  to  a  point.'  When  applied  to  the  pulse, 
it  signifies  a  progressive  diminution  in  the  strength 
of  the  arterial  pulsations,  which,  at  last,  cease. 
If  the  pulsations  return  and  gradually  acquire  all 
their  strength,  it  is  called  Pulsus  dccurta'tua  re- 
cipi'rocAis. — Galen. 

DECUSSATIO,  Decussation  — d.  Pyramidum, 
see  Corpora  pyramidalia. 

DECUSSA'TION,  Decussa'tio,  Chias'mos,  In- 
crucia'tio,  Intersec'tio,  Intricatu'ra,  from  decuseis, 
that  is,  decem  asses  ;  also,  the  figure  of  the  letter 
X.  Union  in  the  shape  of  an  X  or  cross.  Ana- 
tomists use  this  term  chiefly  in  the  case  of  the 
nerves  —  as  the  decussation  of  the  opitic  nerves, 
which  cross  each  other  within  the  cranium. 

Decussation  of  the  Pyramids,  see  Corpora 
pyramidalia. 

DECUSSO'RIUM,  from  decutio,  decussum,  {de, 
and  quatio,)  'I  shake  down,'  (P.)  Decussoire. 
An  instrument  used  by  the  ancients,  for  depress- 
ing the  dura  mater,  and  facilitating  the  exit  of 
substances  eifused  on  or  under  that  membrane. 
It  is  described  by  Scultetus,  Pare,  &c.  See 
Meningophylax. 

DEDAIGNEUX,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 
DEDE.  Death. 

DEDENTITION,  see  Dentition. 
DEDOLA'TION,  Dedola'tio,  from  dedolare,{de, 
and  dolare,  dolatum,)  '  to  cut  and  hew  with  an 
axe.'     This  word  has  been  used  by  surgeons  to 
express  the  action  by  which  a  cutting  instrument 
divides  obliquely  any  part  of  the  body,  and  pro- 
duces a  wound  with  loss  of  substance.    It  is  com- 
monly on  the  head,  that  wounds  by  dedolation 
are  observed.     When  there  was  a  complete  sepa- 
ration of  a  portion   of  the  bone  of  the  cranium, 
the  ancients  called  it  Aposceparnis'invs. 
DEERBALLS,  Elaphomyces  granulatus. 
DEERBERRY,  Gaultheria,  Vaccinium  stami- 
neum. 

DBERFOOD,  Brasenia  hydropeltis. 
DEERS'  TEARS,  Bezoar  of  the  Deer. 
DEFATLLANCE,  Syncope. 
DEFECATION,  Defmea'tio,  from  de,  and  fax, 
PL  fcBces,  'excrement.'  The  act  by  which  the 
excrement  is  extruded  from  the  body.  Caca'tio, 
Excre'tio  alei  seu  alvi'na  seu  facuni  alvina'rum, 
Dejec'tio  alvi,  Seces'sio,  Expul'sio  seu  Ejec'tio 
fcBCum,  Apago'ge,  Hypochore' sis,  Ecchore'sis,  Ec- 
copro'sis,  Eges'tio.  The  fasces  generally  accumu- 
late in  the  colon,  being  prevented  by  the  annuliis 
at  the  top  of  the  rectum  from  descending  freely 
into  that  intestine.  In  producing  evacuations, 
therefore,  in  obstinate  constipation,  it  is  well,  by 
means  of  a  long  tube,  to  throw  the  injection  into 
the  colon. 

In  Pharmacy,  defecation  means  the  separation 
of  any  substance  from  a  liquid  in  which  it  may 
be  suspended.     See  Clarification. 
DEFECTIO  ANIMI,  Syncope. 
DEPECTUS    LOQUEL.*,  Aphonia— d.  Ve- 
neris, Anaphrodisia. 

DEPENSI'VUM,  from  defendere,  defensum, 
'to  defend,'  (F.)  Defensif.  A  preservative  or  de- 
fence.    The  old  surgeons  gave  this  name  to  dif- 


DEFERENS 


281 


DELAPSIO 


ferent  local  applications,  made  to  diseased  parts, 
fur  the  purpose  of  guarding  them  from  the  im- 
pression of  extraneous  bodies,  and  particularly 
from  the  contact  of  air. 

DEF'ERENS,  from  defero,  (de,  and /en-e,)  'I 
bear  away,'  'I  transport.' 

Deferens,  Vas,  Buctus  seu  Cana'lis  deferens, 
Vibra'tor,  (F.)  Conduit  spermatique,  Canal  seu 
Conduit  deferent,  is  the  excretory  canal  of  the 
sperm,  which  arises  from  the  epididymis,  de- 
scribes numerous  convolutions,  and  with  the  ves- 
sels and  nerves  of  the  testicle  concurs  in  the  for- 
mation of  the  spermatic  chord,  enters  the  abdo- 
minal ring,  and  terminates  in  the  ejaculatory 
duct. 

DEFIBRINATED,  Defibrinized. 
DEFIBRINATION,  see  Defibrinized. 
DEFIB'RINIZED,  (F.)  Defihrine,  Befih'ri- 
nated.  From  de,  a.nd  Jibrin.  Deprived  of  fibrin. 
A  term  applied  to  blood  from  which  the  fibrin 
has  been  removed,  as  by  whipping.  The  act  of 
removing  fibrin  from  the  blood  has  been  termed 
defibrination. 

DEFIGURATIO,  Deformation. 
DEFLAGRA'TION,  Deflagra'tio,  from  defla- 
grare,  (de,  and  flagrare,  fiagratum,  '  to  burn,') 
'to  set  on  fire.'  In  pharmacy,  the  rapid  combus- 
tion of  a  substance  with  flame;  great  elevation 
of  temperature  ;  violent  motion,  and  more  or  less 
noise.  Thus,  we  speak  of  the  deflagration  of 
nitrate,  and  of  chlorate,  of  potassa,  of  gun- 
powder, &c. 

DEFLECTEXS,  Derivative. 
DEFLECTIO,  Derivation. 
DEFLORATION,  Stuprum. 
Deflora'tion,    Depucila'tion,    Depitdiea' tion, 
Devirgina'tion,  Deflora'tio,   Devirgina'tio,    Tir'- 
ginis  vitia'tio,  Yirgin'itaa  de  flora'  ta,  from  deflo- 
rescere,    [de,   and  Jiorescere,)    'to   shed   flowers.' 
The  act  of  depriving  a  female   of  her  virginity. 
Inspection  of  the  parts  is  the  chief  criterion  of  de- 
floration having  been  forcibly  accomplished;  yet 
inquiry  must  be  made,  whether  the  injury  may 
not  have  been  caused  by  another  body  than  the 
male  organ.     Recent  defloration  is  infinitely  more 
easy   of  detection   than   where   some   time   has 
elapsed. 

DEFLUVIUM,  Aporrhoea  — d.  Capillorum, 
Alopecia — d.  Pilorum,  Alopecia. 

DEFLUXIO,  Catarrh,  Deflusion,  Diarrhoea— 
d.  Catarrhalis.  Influenza. 

DEFLUX'ION,  Beflux'io,  [de,  and  fluere, 
fluxum,  '  to  flow.')  Deflux'ua,  Catar'rliysis,  Hy- 
'por'rhyna,  Catar'rhus.  A  falling  down  of  hu- 
mours from  a  superior  to  an  inferior  part.  It  is 
sometimes  used  synonymously  with  inflammation. 
DEFLUXUS  DYSENTERICUS,  Dysentery. 
DEFORMA'TION,  Beformatio,  Cacomor'pAia, 
Cacomorpho' ais,  Byamor' jjlie,  Bysmor'phia,  Bya- 
morpho'aia,  Beform' itaa,  Inform'itaa,  Befigura'tioj 
Bisflgura'tion,  Beform'ity,  (F.)  Bifformite,  from 
de,  aud/orma.  Morbid  alteration  in  the  form 
of  some  part  of  the  body,  as  of  the  head,  pelvis, 
spine,  &c.  A  deformity  may  be  natural  or  acci- 
dental. 

DE'FRUTUM,  {ot  Befervitum,  (de,  and  ferveo, 
'  I  boil.')  (F.)  Vin  cuit.  Grape  must,  boiled 
down  to  one  half  and  used  as  a  sweetmeat. — Plin. 
Columell.  Isidor.     See  Rob. 

DEFURFURATIO,  see  Desquamation. 
DEFUSIO,  Decantation. 

DEGENERATIO,  Degeneration  — d.  Adiposa 
Cordis,  Steatosis  cordis. 

DEGENERA'TION,  Begeneratio,  Notheu'ais, 
Nothi'a,  from  degener,  '  unlike  one's  ancestors,' 
(de,  and  genus,  generis,  '  family,')  Begen'eracy, 
(F.)  Begenerution,  Abatardiaaement.  A  change 
for  the  worse — degradation — in  the  intimate  com- 
position of  the  solids  or  fluids  of  the  body.     In 


pathological  anatomy,  degeneration  means  the 
change  which  occurs  in  the  structure  of  an  organ, 
when  transformed  into  a  matter  essentially  mor- 
bid; as  a  cancerous,  or  tubercular,  degeneration. 

Begenereacence  is,  by  the  French  pathologists, 
employed  synonymously  with  Degeneration. 

BEGENERESCENCE,  Degen  eration  —  d. 
Graisaeuse  du  Foie,  Adiposis  hepatica — d.  Gra- 
nulee  du  Rein,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the — 
d.  Noire,  Melanosis. 

DEGLUTINATIO,  BecoUement. 
DEGLUTITIO,  Deglutition— d.  Difficilis,  Dys- 
phagia— d.  Impedita,  Dysphagia — d.  Lffisa,  Dys- 
phagia. 

DF,GTA]T1T"10'N, Deglutif'io,  Cafap'oaia,  from 
de,  and  glutire,  glutitum,  'to  swallow.'  The  act 
by  which  substances  are  passed  from  the  mouth 
into  the  stomach,  through  the  pharynx  and  oeso- 
phagus. It  is  one  of  a  complicated  character, 
and  requires  the  aid  of  a  considerable  number  of 
muscles;  the  first  step  being  voluntarj-,  the  re- 
mainder executed  under  spinal  and  involuntary 
nervous  influence. 

DEGMUS,   Bexis,    Morsus,   (F.)   Moraure,  —  a. 
bite  in  general,  Aijyiios,  from  Oikvu),  '1  bite.'     A 
gnawing  sensation  about  the  upper  orifice  of  the 
stomach,  which  was  once  attributed  to  acrimonj 
of  the  liquids  contained  in  that  viscus. 
BEG0RGE3IENT,  Disgorgement. 
BE  GOUT,  Disgust. 
DEGRADATION,  Degeneration. 
DEGREE',  from  degre,  originally  from  gradtis, 
'a  step.'     A  title  conferred  by  a  college, — as  the 
'  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.'     Galen  used  this 
expression  to  indicate    the    qualities    of  certain 
drugs.      Both  he  and  his  school  admitted  cold, 
warm,  moist,   and   dry  medicines,  and  four   dif- 
ferent '  degrees'  of  each  of  those  qualities.     Thus,  > 
Apium  was  warm  in  the  first  degree,  Agrimony 
in  the  second,  Roche  Alum  in  the  third,  and  Gar- 
lic in  the  fourth.     Bedegar  was  cold  in  the  first, 
the  flower  of  the  Pomegranate  in  the  second,  the 
Sempervivum  in  the  third,  Opium  in  the  fourth, 
&c.     The  French  use  the  term  degre  to  indicate, 
1.  The  intensity  of  an  afi"ection  :  as  a  burn  of  the 
first,  second,  third  degree,  &c.    2.  The  particular 
stage  of  an  incurable  disease,  as  the  third  degree 
of  phthisis,  cancer  of  the  stomach,  <tc. 

DEGUSTA'TION,  Beguata'tio,  from  de,  and 
gustare,  gustatum,  '  to  taste.'  Gustation.  The 
appreciation  of  sapid  qualities  by  the  gustatory 
organs. 

DEHIS'CENCE,  Behiscen'tia,  from  dehiscere 
(de,  and  hiscere  'to  gape'),   'to    break    open    in 
chinks.'     Separation  of  a  shut  organ  along  the 
i  line  of  union.     A  regular  and  determinate  sepa- 
ration, which  takes  place  in  a  shut  organ. 
DEICTICOS,  Index. 
DEID,  Death. 

DEIL'S  SNUFFBOX,  Lvcoperdon. 
DEIRONCUS,  Bronchocele. 
DEJECTEDNESS,  Depression. 
DEJECTIO    ALYI,    Defecation  — d.   Alvina, 
Excrement. 

DEJECTION,    from     dejicere,    dejectum.    (de, 
&r\d  jacere.)  'to  cast  down.'  Dejec'tio,  Subduc'tio, 
Hypago'ge,  Hypoehore'sis,  Hypechore'ais,  Apop'- 
atua,  Hypop' atua,  Hypoph'ora.    The  expulsion  of 
the  feces; — Ejec'tio,  Egea'tio.    Also,  a  faecal  dis- 
charge or  stool, — generally,  however,  with  alvine 
prefixed, — as  an  alvine  Dejection,  Alvus  vir'idia, 
Bejectio  alvi'na.     Also  depression  of  spirits. 
DEJECTIONES  NIGR^,  Mela^na. 
DE.TECTORIUM,  Cathartic. 
DELACRYMATIO.  Epiphora. 
DELACRYMATIVUS,  Apodacryticus. 
DELAPSIO,  Prolapsus. 


DELAPSUS 


282 


DELPHINIUM 


DELAPSUS,  Prolapsus  — d.  Palpebrte,  Ble- 
pharoptosis. 

DELATIO,  Indication. 

DEL  A  YANTS,  Diluentia. 

DELCROIX'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depila- 
tory, CoUey's. 

DELETE'RIOUS,  Belete'rim,  Pernicio'sus, 
(F.)  De.le.tere,  Pernicieux,  from  iij^Eii),  '  I  injure.' 
That  which  produces  destructive  disorder  in  the 
exercise  and  harmony  of  the  functions. 

DELETERIUM,  Poison. 

DELIERET,  Delirious. 

DELIGATIO,  Deligation,  Ligature,  see  Ban- 
dage. 

DELIGA'TION,  Delign'tio,  Epidei'sis,  Deli- 
gatu'ra,  Vul'nei-um  deliga'tio  seu  vinctu'ra,  Fa-i- 
cia'rum  Applica' tio,Plaga' rum  Vinctu'ra,  Fascia'- 
tio,  from  deligare,  deligatum,  (de,  and  ligo,)  'to 
bind.'  The  deligation  of  wounds  formerly  em- 
braced the  application  of  apparatus,  dressings, 
See.,  —  the  denomination  Deliga'tor  Plaga'rum 
being  synonymous  with  Medicus  Vulnera'rius, 
and  in  derivation,  with  the  Wundarzt,  'wound 
physician'  or  surgeon,  of  the  Germans.  Deliga- 
tion is  hardly  ever  used  now  as  an  English  word. 
In  France,  it  is  applied  to  the  regular  and  me- 
thodical application  of  bandages,  and  to  the 
ligature  of  arteries. 

DELIGATURA,  Deligation. 

DELIQUES'CENT,  Deliques'cens,  from  deU- 
quescere,  (de  and  liquescere,)  'to  melt,'  'to  dis- 
solve.' Any  salt  which  becomes  liquid  by  attract- 
ing moisture  from  the  air.  The  deliquescent 
salts  require  to  be  kept  in  bottles,  well  stopped. 
Chloride  of  lime,  acetate  of  potassa,  and  carbonate 
of  potassa,  are  examples  of  such  salts.  The  an- 
cient chemists  expressed  the  condition  of  a  body, 
which  had  become  liquid  in  this  manner,  by  the 
word  Deliquium. 

DELIQUIUM  ANIMI,  Syncope. 

DELIRAMENTUM,  Delirium. 

DELIRANS,  Delirious. 

DEL  [RANT,  Delirious. 

DELIRATIO,  Delirium  — d.  Senum,  see  De- 
mentia. 

DELIRE,  Delirium  —  d.  Ompnleux,  Delirium 
tremens — d.  des  Ivrognes,  Delirium  tremens — d. 
NerveuK,  Delirium  nervosum. 

DELIRE  DES  PERSECUTIONS.  Mania, 
in  which  the  morbid  hallucination  is,  that  the 
individual  is  persecuted. 

DELIRE  TRAUMATIQVE,  Delirium  nervo- 
sum— d.  Tremhlant;  Delirium  tremens. 

DELIRIA,  Insanity. 

DELIRIE,  Delirious. 

DBLIR'IOUS.  Same  etymon  as  Delirium. 
Deli'rans,  Deli'rus,  Excerehra'tus,  AUoch'oos, 
Alie'nus,  Parale'rus,  Raving,  (Sc.)  Delieret, 
Delirie,  (F.)  Delirant.  One  who  is  in  a  state  of 
delirium.  That  which  is  attended  by  delirium. 
The  French  use  the  term  Fievre  pernicieuse  deli- 
rante  for  a  febrile  intermittent,  in  which  delirium 
is  the  predominant  symptom. 

DELIR'IUM,  from  de,  'from,'  and  lira,  'a, 
ridge  between  two  furrows'  [?]  :  more  probably 
from  de,  and  \nprifia,  'a  silly  saying  or  action.' 
Parac'ope,  Phreiii'tis,  Phledoni'a,  Desipien'tia, 
Aphros'y  lie,  Paralere'ma,  Paralere'sis,  Para- 
log"ia,  Phanta'ain,  Parapliros' yne,  Emo'tio,Leros, 
Parance' a,  Alloph'asis,  Delira'tio,  Delirament'um, 
(Se.)  Ravery,  Roving,  (F.)  Delire,  JEgarement 
d'esprit,  &o..  Transport,  Ideosynehysie.  Stray- 
ing from  the  rules  of  reason ;  wandering  of  the 
mind.  Hippocrates  used  the  word  iiavia,  mania, 
for  delirium  sine  febre,  and  the  Greek  words 
given  above  for  delirium  cum  febre.  In  different 
authors,  also,  we  find  the  words,  Paraph'ora,  Pa- 
raph' rotes, Paraphrene'  sis,  Paraphreii'ia,  Phrene'- 


sis,  Phreneti'asis,  &c.,  for  different  kinds  of  de- 
lirium.    Delirium  is  usually  symptomatic. 

Delirium  Ebriositatis,  Drunken  madness ; 
also  D.  tremens  —  d.  Epileptic,  see  Epilepsy — d. 
Furiosum,  Mania — d.  Maniacum,  Mania. 

Delirium  Nervosum,  (F.)  Delire  nerveux  ou 
traumatique.  A  form  of  delirium  which  super- 
venes after  surgical  operations,  or  severe  in- 
juries. 

Delirium  Potatorum,  D.  tremens — d.  Tremi- 
faciens,  D.  tremens — d.  Senile,  see  Dementia. 

Delirium  Tremens,  D.  potato'rum  seu  ebri- 
osita'tis  seu  tremifa'eiens  seu  vig"ilans,  Ma'nia 
d  potu  seu  e  temulentid,  (Enomd'nia,  Eretliis' mna 
ebrioso'  rum,  Dipsoma'  nia,  Meningi'tis  seu  Phreni'- 
tis  potato'rum,  Tromoma'nia,  Tromoparanos'a, 
Potoparanoc'a,  Pototromoparance'a,  (F.)  Encepha- 
lopathie  crapideuse,  Delire  tremblant  ou  crapuleiix 
ou  des  Ivrognes,  Folie  des  Ivrognes  ou  Alcojlique. 
A  state  of  delirium  and  agitation,  peculiar  to 
those  addicted  to  spirituous  liquors,  with  great 
sleeplessness.  It  is  preceded  by  indisposition, 
hissitude,  watchfulness,  headach,  and  anorexia ; 
the  delirium  and  tremors,  Tremor  potato'rum, 
most  commonly  recurring  in  paroxysms.  It  is 
caused  b_y  the  habitual  and  intemperate  use  of 
ardent  spirits  or  of  opium  or  tobacco ;  or  rather 
by  abandoning  them  after  prolonged  use.  The 
treatment  is  various.  Many  have  regarded  sti- 
mulants, with  large  doses  of  opium  to  induce 
rest,  to  be  indispensable.  It  is  certain,  however, 
that  the  expectant  system  will  often,  if  not  gene- 
rally, be  successful ;  and,  it  is  probable,  a  cure 
effected  in  this  manner  will  be  more  permanent 
than  when  produced  by  excitants. 

DELIRUS,  Delirious. 

DELITESCENCE,  see  Repercussion. 

DELITESCENTIA,  see  Repercussion. 

DELIVER,  (Prov.)  lay,  same  etymon  as  the 
next    '  To  put  to  bed.'    To  disburden  of  a  child. 

DELIVRANCE  (F.),  {de,  and  livrer,  'to  set 
free.')  An  expression,  which,  in  common  lan- 
guage, signifies  the  action  of  delivering,  lihera'tio, 
but  in  the  practice  of  obstetrics,  means  the  ex- 
trusion of  the  secundines,  either  spontaneously 
or  by  the  efforts  of  art.  This  completion  of  de- 
livery—  partus  secunda'rius,  secundina'rum  ex- 
pul'sio  seu  extrac'tio,  is  produced  by  the  same 
laws  as  the  expulsion  of  the  foetus.  Sometimes, 
the  after-birth  follows  the  child  immediately;  at 
others,  it  is  retained;  and  requires  manual  inter- 
ference to  remove  it.  The  following  are  the 
chief  cases  in  which  this  becomes  necessary.  1, 
Intimate  adhesion  between  the  placenta  and 
paries  of  the  uterus.  2.  Spasmodic  contraction 
of  the  orifice  of  the  uterus.  3.  Hour-glass  con- 
traction. 4.  Torpor  or  hemorrhage  after  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  child,  and,  —  5.  Insertion  of  the 
placenta  at  the  orifice  of  the  uterus. 

DELIVERY,  Parturition  —  d.  False,  False 
water. 

DELIVRE,  Secundines, 

DELOCATIO,  Luxatio. 

DELPHINE,  see  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

DELPHININE,  see  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

DELPHIN'IUM,  from  Mcjif,  or  be\(j>Lv,  'a 
dolphin,'  which  the  flowers  resemble.  D.  con- 
sol'ida  seu  Seg"etnm  sen  Versic'olor,  Calcitra'pa, 
Consol'ida  Rega'lis,  Branching  Larkspur,  Staq- 
gerweed.  Ord.  Ranunculaeese.  Sex.  Syst.,  Poly- 
andria  Trigynia.  (F.)  Piedd'alouette  des  champs. 
It  has  been  employed  as  a  vermifuge.  The 
flowers  have  been  used  in  ophthalmia,  and  the 
seeds  have  the  same  property  as  those  of  Staves- 
acre. 

Delphinium  Consolida,  Delphinium  —  d.  Se- 
getum.  Delphinium. 

Delphin'ium  Staphisa'gria.     The  systematic 


DELPHYS 


283 


DENGUE 


name  of  the  Staves' acre,  Staphisagria,  Phtheiroc'- 
ionum,  Phthei'rhim,  Staphis,  Pedicula'ria,  (F.) 
Staphisaigre,  Herbe  aux  Poux,  BnvphineUe. 
The  seeds,  Staphisagria,  (Ph.  L.  and  E.)  have  a 
disagreeable  smell ;  a  nauseous,  bitterish,  hot 
taste ;  and  are  cathartic,  emetic,  and  vermifuge  : 
owing,  however,  to  the  violence  of  their  opera- 
tion, they  are  seldom  given  internally,  and  are 
chiefly  used  in  powder,  mixed  with  hair  powder, 
to  destroy  lice.  The  active  principle  of  this 
plant  has  been  separated,  and  received  the  name 
Delphin'ia,  (F.)  Delphine,  Belphinine.  It  is  ex- 
tremely acrid,  and  has  been  recently  used,  like 
veratria,  in  tic  douloureux,  paralysis  and  rheu- 
matism. It  is  used  in  the  form  of  ointment,  or 
in  solution  in  alcohol,  (gr.  x  to  xxx,  or  more,  to 
^j,)  applied  externally. 

Delphinium  Vehsicolok,  Delphinium. 
DELPHYS,  Uterus,  Vulva. 
DELTA,  Vulva. 
DELTIFORMIS,  Deltoid. 
DEL'TOID,   DeltoVdes,  Delto'des,  Beltoideus, 
Beltiform'is,  (F.)  Deltoide,  from  the  Greek  capi- 
tal letter  A,  ^cAra,  and  £ii5o;,  'resemblance.'  Sotis- 
acromio-clavi-humeral  oi   Dumas;    Sns-acromio- 
humeral    of    Chaussier.      A    triangular    muscle 
forming   the    fleshy  part   of  the    shoulder,   and 
covering  the  shoulder-joint.    It  extends  from  the 
outer  third  of   the  clavicle,  from  the  acromion 
and  spine  of  the  scapula,  to  near  the  middle  and 
outer  part  of  the  os  humeri,  where  it  is  inserted 
by    means   of    a   strong   tendon.      This    muscle 
raises  the  arm  directly  upwards,  when  the  shoul- 
der is  fixed,  and  carries  it  anteriorlj'  or  poste- 
riorly, according  to  the  direction  of   the  fibres, 
which  are  thrown  into  action.     If  the  arm  be 
rendered  immovable,  the  deltoid  acts  inversely 
and  depresses  the  shoulder. 
DELTOIDE,  Deltoid. 
DELUSION,  Hallucination. 
DEM  EL  MUCA.     A  name  given  by  Prosper 
Alpiuus  to  a  disease,  which,  he  says,  is  proper  to 
Egypt.    He  considers  it  to  be  inflammation  of  the 
brain  ;  but  others  describe  it  as  a  pernicious  in- 
termittent. 

DEMAGNETIZ  A'T  ION,  Demagnetisa'tio. 
The  act  of  removing  the  condition  of  magneti- 
zation. 

I)E3IANGEAIS0N,  Itching. 
DEMANUS,  Acheir. 

DEMENCE,  Dementia— rf.  Innie,  Idiotism. 
DEMENTED,  Insane. 

DEMEN'TIA,  ^weM7?a,  Fatu'itas,  Ance'a, 
Anoe'sia,  Denteranoe'a,  Ecnce'a,  Parance'a,  Mo' - 
ria  demens,  No'dstheni'a,  IncoTie'rency,  Tmbecil'- 
^ty,  Incohe'rent  Insanity/  from  de,  'from,'  or 
'out  of,'  and  wens,  mentis,  'mind,'  or  'reason,' 
(F.)  Demence,  JBetise.  In  common  parlance,  and 
even  in  legal  language,  this  word  is  synonymous 
with  insanity.  Physicians,  however,  have  applied 
it  to  those  cases  of  unsound  mind  which  are  cha- 
racterized by  a  total  loss  of  the  faculty  of  thought, 
or  by  such  an  imbecility  of  intellect  that  the 
ideas  are  extremely  incoherent,  there  being  at 
the  same  time  a  total  loss  of  the  power  of  rea- 
soning. Mania  and  melancholy  are  apt  to  end 
in  this,  if  possible,  more  deplorable  state.  Dotage 
is  the  Dementia  of  the  aged — Ilo'ria  demens  lere'- 
ma,  Lere'wa,  Lere'sis,  Lerus,  Delira'tio  Senum, 
Amen'tia  Seni'lis,  Pueril'itas,  Delir'iiim  Seni'le, 
Anil'itaa,  Senile  Insan'ity,  Senile  Dementia,  In- 
sanity of  the  aged,  [S>o.)Doittrie, — a  form  of  moral 
insanity,  in  which  the  whole  moral  character  of 
the  individual  is  changed. 

Dementia  Accibentalis,  see  Lunatic — d.  Ad- 
ventitia,  see  Lunatic — d.  Naturalis,  Idiotism — d. 
Paralytica,  Paralysis  of  the  Insane. 

DEMI,  Semi — d.  Bain,  Semicupium — d.  Cireii- 


laire,  Semi-circular — d.  Epineux,  Semi-spinalis 
colli  —  d.  Epineux  du  dos,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi — • 
d.  Gantelet,  Gantelet  —  d.  Inferrossenx  du  pouc.e, 
Flexor  brevis  poUicis  manus — d.  Lunaire,  Semi- 
lunar—  d.  Memhraneux,  Semi-inembranosus  —  d. 
Nerveux,  Semitendinosus — d.  Orbicularis,  Orbicu- 
laris oris  —  d.  Tendineux,  Semi-tendinosus  —  d. 
Tierce,  Hemitrittea  (febris). 
DEMISSIO  ANIMI,  Depression. 
DEMISSOR,  Catheter. 

DE'MODEX  FOLLICULO'RUM.C^wof,  'lard,' 
and  ^)?f,  'a  boring  worm,')  Acarus  folliculurum. 

DEMONOMA'NIA,  Drnmonomania,  Theoma'- 
nia,  Entheoma'nia,  from  iaiyncv,  '  demon,'  a  spirit 
of  good  or  evil,  and  jxavia,  'madness.  A  variety 
of  madness,  in  which  the  person  conceives  him- 
possessed  of  devils,  and  is  in  continual  dread  of 
malignant  spirits,  the  pains  of  hell,  &c.  Also, 
religious  insanity,  Sebastoma'nia. 

DEM'ONSTRATOR,  from  demonstrare,  (de 
and  monstrare,)  'to  show;'  'exhibit.'  One  who 
exhibits.     The  index  finger.     See  Digitus. 

Dem'onstrator  of  Anat'omy.  One  who  ex- 
hibits the  parts  of  the  human  body.  A  teacher 
of  practicnl  anatomy. 

DEMOTI'VUS  LAPSUS,  Repenti'na  mors, 
from  demovere,  (de  and  movere,)  'to  move  off,' 
'remove,'  and  lapsus,  '  a  fall.'     Sudden  death. 

DEMUL'CENTS,  Demulccn'tia,  Ivvohen'tia, 
Ohvolven'tia,  Luhrican'tia,  from  demnlcere  [de, 
and  mnlcere,)  'to  soothe,'  'to  assuage.'  (F.) 
Adoucissants.  Medicines  supposed  to  be  capable 
of  correcting  certain  acrid  conditions  imagined 
to  exist  in  the  humours.  Substances  of  a  muci- 
laginous or  saccharine  nature  belong  to  this  class. 
Demulcents  may  act  directly  on  the  parts  with 
which  they  come  in  contact;  but  in  other  cases, 
as  in  catarrh,  their  efl'ect  is  produced  by  con^ 
tiguous  sympathy;  the  top  of  the  larynx  being 
soothed  by  them  first,  and  indirectly  the  inflamed 
portion  of  the  air-passages.  In  diseases  of  the 
urinary  organs,  they  have  no  advantage  over 
simple  diluents.  —  See  Diluents  and  Emollients. 
The  following  are  demulcents; — Acacise  Gummi; 
Althsese  Folia  et  Radix;  Amygdala;  Amylum; 
Avenas  Farina;  Cera;  Cetaceum  ;  Cydonite  Se- 
mina;  Fucus  Crispus ;  Glycyrrhiza;  Hordeum  j 
Lichen  ;  Linum  ;  Olivse  Oleum  ;  Sassafras  Medul- 
la; Sesamum;  Sevum ;  Tragacantha,  and  Ulmus. 
DEMUSCULA'TUS,  from  de,  and  masculus, 
'a muscle.'  (F.)  Decharne.  Emaciated,  devoid 
of  flesh. 

DENA'RIUS ;  a  Roman  coin,  equal  in  value 
to  about  10  cents,  or  8  pence  English.  It  was 
marked  with  the  letter  X,  to  signify  10  asses. 
Also,  the  7th  part  of  the  Roman  ounce. 
DENDROLIBANUS,  Rosmarinus. 
DENERVATIO,  Aponeurosis. 
DEN'GUE,  Dingee,  Dunga,  Dandy,  Boucptet, 
Bucket  Fever,  Ernp'tive  artic'ular  fever,  E.  rheu- 
mat'ic  fever,  Breakhone,  Neuralgic,  Solar  or  Sun 
Fever,  Bheurnatis'mus  febri'lis,  Scarlati'na  rhcn- 
mat'ica,  Exanthe'sis  arthro'sia,  Planta'ria,  Febris 
exanthemat'ica  articula'ris,  (P.)  Giraffe.  A  dis- 
ease, which  first  appeared  in  the  years  1827  and 
1828,  in  the  West  Indies,  and  in  the  southern 
states  of  North  America.  It  was  extremely 
violent  in  its  symptoms,  but  not  often  fatal.  It 
usually  commenced  with  great  languor,  chilliness, 
and  pain  in  the  tendons  about  the  smaller  joints. 
To  these  symptoms  succeeded  burning  heat  and 
redness  of  the  skin,  pains  in  the  muscles  of  the 
limbs  or  in  the  forehead,  with  vomiting  or  nausea. 
The  fever  continued  for  one,  two  or  three  days, 
and  usually  terminated  by  copious  perspiration. 
In  different  places,  it  put  on  different  appear- 
ances ;  but  seems  in  all  to  have  been  a  singular 
variety  of  rheumatic  fever.  The  usual  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment  was  adopted,  and  successfully. 


DENIACII 


284 


DENTIER 


DENIACH,  MINEKAL  WATERS  OF.  De- 
niach  is  a  village  in  Swabia,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Black  Forest.  The  waters  contain  carbonic 
acid,  carbonate  of  iron,  carbonate  of  lime,  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

DBNIGRA'TIO,  from  denigrare,  (de,  and  ni- 
ger,  'black,')  'to  become  black.'  The  act  of  be- 
coming black,  as  in  cases  of  sphacelus,  sugilla- 
tion,  ifec. 

DENS,  Tooth  —  d.  Leonis,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum. 

Dens  Pro'lifer.  A  term  used  by  Bartholin 
for  a  supernumerary  tooth,  which  appears  to 
grow  upon  a  primitive  or  parent  tooth. 

DENT,  Tooth- — d.  de  Lion,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum— d.  de  Sages^ie,  see  Dentition. 

DENTAGOGUM,  Dentagra. 

DEN'TAGRA,  Ben'ficeps,  JJentar'paga,  Benti- 
du'cum,  Dentic'tdum,  Deiitago'gum,  Denta'lxs for- 
fex,  Forfex  denta'ria,  Odonthar'2jaga,  Odon'ta- 
gra,  Odontago'goii,  from  dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth,' 
and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  (F.)  Davier.  A  tooth- 
forceps. 

BENTAIRE,  Dental. 

DENTAL,  Benfa'lis,  Bentn' rius,  Beniicida'tus, 
(F.)  Bentaire,  from  dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth.'  That 
■which  concerns  the  teeth.     See  Dentiformis. 

Dental  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  dentaires,  are 
the  arches  formed  by  the  range  of  alveoli  in  each 
jaw. 

Dental  Ar'teries  are  those  arteries  which 
nourish  the  teeth.  They  proceed  from  several 
sources.  The  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw,  e.  g.,  re- 
ceive their  arteries  from  the  infraorbitar  and 
superior  alveolar,  —  themselves  branches  of  the 
internal  maxillary.  The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw 
receive  their  branches  from  the  inferior  dental 
or  inferior  maxillary ,  which  is  given  off  by  the 
internal  maxillary,  and  runs  through  the  dental 
canal,  issuing  at  the  mental  foramen,  after  hav- 
ing given  numerous  ramifications  to  the  teeth 
and  jaw. 

Dental  Canals,  (F.)  Conduits  dentaires,  Max'- 
illary  canals.  The  bony  canals,  through  which 
the  vessels  and  nerves  pass  to  the  interior  of  the 
teeth. 

Dental  Cae'tilagb,  Cartila'go  denta'lis.  The 
cartilaginous  elevation,  divided  by  slight  fissures, 
on  the  biting  margins  of  the  gums  in  infants, 
prior  t(i  dentition.    It  is  a  substitute  for  the  teeth. 

Dental  Cav'ity,  (F.)  Cavite  dentaire.  A  ca- 
vity in  the  interior  of  the  teeth  in  which  is  situate 
the  dental  pulp. 

Dental  Excava'tor.  An  instrument  for  the 
removal  of  the  decayed  part  of  a  tooth,  prepara- 
tory to  the  operation  of  filling. 

Dental  Fol'licle,  Follic'ulus  seu  Cap'sula 
dentis,  (F.)  FoUicule  dentaire.  A  membranous 
follicle,  formed  of  a  double  lamina,  in  which  the 
teeth  are  contained  before  they  issue  from  the 
alveoli,  and  which,  consequently,  aids  in  the  for- 
mation of  the  alveolo-dencal  periosteum,  and  of 
the  membrane  that  envelops  the  pulp  of  the  teeth. 
The  dental  follicles  are  lodged  in  the  substance 
of  the  jaws. 

Dental  Gangrene,  Caries  Ben'tium,  Odon- 
talg"ia  cario'sa,  Odontonecro' sis,  OdontospTiaceV - 
isis,  Odontosphacelis'mus,  Necro'sis  Ben'tium., 
(F.)  Carie  des  Dents.  Gangrene  or  caries  of  the 
teeth.     See  Caries. 

Dental  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  dentaires.  Nerves 
which  pass  to  the  teeth.  Those  of  the  upper  in- 
cisors and  canine  are  furnished  by  the  infra-or- 
bitar  nerve,  a  branch  of  the  superior  maxillary, 
and  those  of  the  molars  by  the  trunk  of  the 
same  nerve.  The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  receive 
the  nerves  from  the  inferior  maxillary,  which,  as 
well  as  the  superior  maxillary,  arises  from  the 
6th  pair. 


Dental  Pulp,  Ptdpa  sen  Nu'clcus  seu  Suh- 
stan'tia  pulpo'sa  dentis,  Germen  denta'le,  (F.) 
Pulpie  dentaire.  A  pultaceous  substance,  of  a 
reddish-gray  colour,  very  soft  and  sensible,  which 
fills  the  cavity  of  the  teeth.  It  is  well  supplied 
with  capillary  vessels. 

Dental  Surgeon,  Dentist. 

Dental  Veins  have  a  similar  distribution  with 
the  arteries. 

DENTALIS,  Odontoid— d.  Forfex,  Dentagra. 

DENTA'LIUM,  from  dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth,' 
the  dog-lihe  tooth  shell.  A  genus  of  shells  in  the 
shape  of  a  tooth.  They  formerly  entered  into 
several  pharmaceutical  preparations,  but  were 
useless  ingredients;  consisting  —  like  shells  in 
general — of  carbonate  of  lime  and  gelatin. 

DENTARIA,  Anthemis  Pyrethrum,  Plumbago 
Europsea. 

DENTARIUS,  Dentist. 

DENTARPAGA,  Dentagra. 

DENTATA  VERTEBRA,  Axis. 

DENTATE,  Benta'ted,  Benta'tus,  (F.)  Dentele. 
Cut  in  the  shape  of  teeth. 

BENTATURE,  Digitation. 

DENTATUS,  Dentate. 

BENTELAIRE,  Plumbago  Europtea. 

DENTELARIA,  Plumbago  Europeea. 

BEN  TEL  E,I)entSite — d.Anterieur  p>etit,'Pefito- 
ralis  minor — d.  Grand,  Serratus  magnus — d.  Pos- 
terieur  et  inferieur,  petit,  Serratus  posticus  infe- 
rior —  d.  Sujjerieur,  petit,  Serratus  posticus  su- 
perior. 

BENTEL  URE,  Digitation. 

DENTES,  Teeth,  see  Tooth  — d.  Angulares, 
Canine  teeth  —  d.  Bicuspidati,  Molar  teeth — d. 
Bueeales,  Molar  teeth — d.  Canini,  Canine  teeth — 
d.  Clavales,  Molar  teeth — d.  Columellares,  Canine 
teeth  —  d.  Ctenes,  Incisive  teeth  —  d.  Cuspidati, 
Canine  teeth  —  d.  Dichasteres,  Incisive  teeth  — 
d.  Gelasini,  Incisive  teeth  —  d.  Gomphii,  Molar 
teeth — d.  Ineisores,  Incisive  teeth — d.  Lactei,  see 
Dentition  —  d.  Laniarii,  Canine  teeth  —  d.  Maxil- 
lares,  Molar  teeth  —  d.  Molares,  Molar  teeth  —  d. 
Mordentes,  Canine  teeth  —  d.  Oeulares,  Canine 
teeth  —  d.  Primores,  Incisive  teeth  —  d.  Rasorii, 
Incisive  teeth  —  d.  Sapientise,  see  Dentition  —  d. 
Serotini,  see  Dentition — d.  Sophroretici,  see  Den- 
tition— d.  Sophronistae,  see  Dentition  —  d.  Soph- 
ronisteres,  see  Dentition — d.  Tomici,  Incisive 
teeth. 

DENTICEPS,  Dentagra, 

DENTICOLA  HOMIXIS,  see  Odontolithos. 

DENTICULA'TUM,  {Ligamentum,)  diminu- 
tive of  dens,  dentis,  '  a  tooth.'  Ligamen'tum  den- 
ta'tum,  3Iembra'na  denta'ta,  (F.)  Ligament  dentele 
on  denticule.  A  slender  cord,  situate  between 
the  anterior  and  posterior  fasciculi  of  the  spinal 
nerves,  and  between  the  tunica  arachnoidea  and 
pia  mater.  It  is  attached  to  the  dura  mater, 
where  that  membrane  issues  from  the  cranium, 
and  accompanies  the  spinal  marrow  to  its  inferior 
extremity.  It  sends  off,  from  its  outer  edge, 
about  twenty  slender  processes,  in  the  form  of 
denticuli,  each  of  which  passes  outwards  and  con- 
nects itself  with  the  dura  mater  in  the  intervals 
between  the  anterior  and  posterior  roots  of  the 
nerves. 

DENTICULATUS,  DentaL 

DENTICULUM,  Dentagra. 

DENTICULUS,  Crena. 

DENTIDUCUM,  Dentagra. 

BEN  TIER,  (F.)  from  dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth.' 
Benture.  A  set  or  row  of  teeth,  mounted  on 
metal  or  ivory,  to  be  adjusted  to  the  alveolar 
margin.  Bentiers  are  simple  or  double.  To  the 
latter,  that  is,  to  the  full  set,  the  name  Ratelier 
is  given. 


DENTIFORM 


DENTS  BICUSPIDEES 


DEX'TIFORM,  Dentiform' h,  from  dens,  dentii, 
'  a  tooth,'  and/(j/v»a,  'form.'  Resembling  a  tooth 
in  shape. 

DEXTIFORMIS,  Odontoid. 

DEX'TIFRICE,  Dentifric"iiim,  Bemed'ium 
denti/ric"ium,  Odontotrim'ma,  Odontosraeg'ma, 
Tooth  potcder,  Tooth  paste,  from  dens,  dentis,  '  a 
tooth,'  and  fricare,  '  to  rub  ;'  a  name  given  to  dif- 
ferent powders  and  pastes  proper  for  cleansing 
the  enamel  of  the  teeth,  and  removing  the  tartar 
which  covers  them.  Powdered  bark  and  char- 
coal, united  to  any  acidulous  salt  —  as  cream  of 
tartar — form  one  of  the  most  common  dentifrices. 

Electuaire  ou  Opiate  Dentifrice,  of  the  Parisian 
Codex,  consists  of  coral  ^iv,  cuttlefish  bones  and 
cinnamon,  aa  ^ij,  cochineal  ^ss,  honey  gx,  alum 
gr.  iv  or  v. 

Poudre  Dentifrice  of  the  Codex  is  composed 
of  Pole  Armeniac,  red  coral,  [prepared,]  and  cut- 
tlefish hones,  aa  ,^v-j,  dragon's  Mood  Q^i],  cochi- 
neal 5J,  cream  of  tartar  ^is.,  cinnamon  y  ij,  cloves, 
gr.  xij,  well  mixed.  The  one  used  by  the  author, 
is  composed  of  charcoal  and  orris  root,  each  one 
part;  prepared  chalk,  two  parts. 

Charcoal,  finely  powdered  and  mixed  with 
chalk,  forms  as  good  a  dentrifice  as  any. 

DENTIG"EROUS,  Den'tiyer,  from  dens,  den- 
tis, and  gero,  '  I  carry.'  Tooth  carrying,  as  den- 
tigerous  cyst :   one  containing  teeth. 

DEXTILIOUN,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

DEN'TINAL,  Dentina'lis,  from  dens,  dentis, 
'a  tooth.'     Relating  to  the  dentine  of  the  teeth. 

DENTINE,  see  Tooth  — d.  Secondary,  see 
Tooth. 

DENTISCAL'PIUM,  from  dens,  dentis,  'a 
tooth,'  and  sccdpere,  'to  scrape.'  Odonto' glyphnm. 
This  word  has  been  applied  to  the  instrument 
used  for  scaling  the  teeth;  to  the  tooth-pich,  (F.) 
Cure-dent ;  and  to  the  gum  lancet, — the  dechaus- 
soir  of  the  French. 

DENT'IST,  Dentis'ta,  Odontia'ter,  Denta'rius, 
Dental  Surgeon,  Surgeon-Dentist,  (F.)  Dentiste, 
from  dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth.'  One  who  devotes 
himself  to  the  study  of  the  diseases  of  the  teeth, 
and  their  treatment. 

DEN'TISTRY,  Odontotech'ny,  Odontiatri'a, 
Odontotherapi'a,  Dental  Surgery,  Same  etymon. 
The  art  of  the  dentist. 

DENTITIO,  Dentition— d.  Diflacilis,  Dysodon- 
tiasis. 

DENTIT'TON,  Teething,  Dentifio,  Denti'tis, 
Odontophy'ia,  Odonti'asis,  Odontn'sis,  from  den- 
tire,  [dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth,')  'to  breed  teeth.' 
The  exit  of  the  teeth  from  the  alveoli  and  gums; 
or  rather  the  phenomena  which  characterize  the 
different  periods  of  their  existence.  The  germs 
of  the  first  teeth,  denies  lac'tei  or  milJc  teeth,  (F.) 
dens  de  lait,  are  visible  in  the  foetus  about  the  end 
of  the  second  month ;  and  they  begin  to  be  ossified 
from  the  end  of  the  third  to  that  of  the  sixth 
month.  At  birth,  the  corona  of  the  incisors  is 
formed,  but  that  of  the  canine  is  not  completed; 
and  the  tubercles  of  the  molares  are  not  yet  all 
united.  Gradually  the  fang  becomes  developed; 
and  at  about  six  or  eight  months  begins  what  is 
commonly  called,  the  first  dentit"ion,  Odon'tia 
dentitio'nis  lactan'tium.  The  two  middle  incisors 
of  the  lower  jaw  commonly  appear  first;  and, 
some  time  afterwards,  those  of  the  upper  jaw; 
afterwards,  the  two  lateral  incisors  of  the  lower 
jaw ;  and  then  those  of  the  upper,  followed  by 
the  four  anterior  molares  ;  the  canine,  or  eye-teeth, 
at  first,  those  of  the  lower,  and,  afterwards,  those 
of  the  upper  jaw,  next  appear;  and,  subse- 
quently and  successively,  the  first  4  molares  —  2 
above  and  2  below.  1  on  each  side.  The  whole 
number  of  the  jjrimary,  temporary,  decid.uons, 
ahedding  or  milk-teeth,  [dentes  temjiora'rii,)  (F.) 
Dents  de  lait,  is  now  20. 


The  eruption  of  the  milk  teeth  takes  place,  ap- 
proximately, in  the  following  order: 

Central  incisors 6th  to  8th  month. 

Lateral  incisors 7th  to  10th  month. 

First  molar 12th  to  14th  month. 

Canines 15th  to  20th  month. 

Second  molar 20th  to  30th  month. 

The  second  dentition  or  shedding  of  the  teeth , 
odon'tia  dentitio'nis  pueri'lis,  Dedentit"ion,  be- 
gins about  the  age  of  6  or  7.  The  germs  or  mem- 
branous follicles  of  these  second  teeth  —  to  the 
number  of  .32  —  as  well  as  the  rudiments  of  the 
teeth  themselves,  are  visible,  even  in  the  foetus, 
with  the  exception  of  those  of  the  small  molf-.res, 
which  do  not  appear  till  after  birth.  They  are 
contained  in  alveoli  of  the  same  shape  as  those 
of  the  first  dentition.  Their  ossification  ci  n- 
mences  at  from  3  to  6  months  after  birth,  in  the 
incisors  and  first  molares;  at  eight  or  nine 
months,  in  the  canine;  about  three  years,  in  the 
molares;  3i  in  the  second  great  molares,  and 
about  10  years  in  the  last.  As  the  alveolus  cf  fi 
new  tooth  becomes  gradually  augmented,  the 
septum  between  it  and  that  of  the  corresponding 
milk  tooth  is  absorbed,  and  disappears.  The  root 
of  the  milk  tooth  is  likewise  absorbed;  its  corona 
becomes  loose  and  falls  out,  and  all  the  first  teeth 
are  gradually  replaced  by  the  permanent  teeth, 
Den'tes  serot'ini.  This  second  dentition  becomes 
necessary  in  consequence  of  the  increased  size 
of  the  jaws.  The  new  teeth  have  neither  the 
same  direction  nor  the  same  shape  as  the  old  ; 
and  they  are  more  numerous,  amounting  till  the 
age  of  25,  (sooner  or  later,)  to  28.  About  this 
period,  a  small  molaris  appears  at  the  extremity 
of  each  jaw,  which  is  called  Dens  sapien'ticB  or 
wisdom  tooth,  loit  tooth.  Dens  serot'imis,  Dens  so- 
phroret'icus,  D.  aophronis'ta,  D.  sophronis'ler, 
(F.)  Arriere  dent.  Dent  de  sagesse,  making  the 
whole  number  of  permanent  teeth  32. 

The  eruption  of  the  permanent  teeth  is  remark- 
able for  its  general  regularity;  so  that  it  consti- 
tutes an  important  means  for  ascertaining  the 
age  of  the  individual  during  the  early  period  of 
life. 

First  molars 7th  year. 

Central  incisors 8th  year. 

Lateral  incisors 9th  j'ear. 

First  bicuspids 10th  year. 

Second  bicuspids 11th  year. 

Canines 12th  year. 

Second  molars 13th  j'ear. 

The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  precede  by  a  few 
weeks  those  of  the  upper. 

During  the  period  of  dentition,  that  is,  of  the 
first  dentition,  the  infant  is  especially  liable  to 
disease; — the  irritation,  produced  by  the  pressure 
of  the  tooth  on  the  superincumbent  gum,  some- 
times occasioning  pj'rexia,  convulsions,  diarrhoea, 
&c.,  which  symptoms  are  often  strikingly  relieved 
by  a  free  division  of  the  distended  gum.  This 
disordered  condition  is  called  Teething,  Odon'tia 
dentitio'nis,  Odonti'asis,  Odontal'gia  dentitio'nis, 
Odaxis'mus. 

DENTITIS,  Dentition. 

DENTIUM  CORTEX,  Enamel  of  the  teeth— 
d.  Dolor,  Odontalgia  —  d.  Nitor,  Enamel  of  the 
teeth  —  d.  Scalptura,  (Lancing  the  gums,)  see 
Gum  lancet — d.  Vacillantia,  Odontoseisis. 

DENTO,  from  dens,  dentis,  '  a  tooth.  One 
whose  teeth  are  prominent. 

DENTOIDEUS,  Odontoid. 

DENTS  BICUSPIDEES,  Bicuspid  teeth— f/. 
Col  des,  Collum  dentium  —  d.  Conoides.  Canine 
teeth — d.  de  Lait,  see  Dentition — d.  3Idchelieres, 
Molar  teeth — d.  Molaires,  Molar  teeth — d.  MuUi- 


DENTURE 


286 


DEPRESSOR 


cuspideei,  Molar  teeth,  great  —  d.  (EiUi^res,  Ca- 
nine teeth. 

DENTURE,  Dentier. 

DENUDA'TION,  Denuda'tio,  Gymno'sis,  from 
denudare,  {de,  and  nudare,  nudatum),  'to  lay 
bare.'  Condition  of  a  part,  deprived  of  its  natu- 
ral coverings,  whether  by  wounds,  gangrene,  or 
abscess.  It  is  particularly  applied  to  the  bones, 
when  deprived  of  their  periosteum,  and  to  the 
teeth  when  they  lose  their  enamel  or  dental  sub- 
stance, or  when  the  gums  recede  from  them,  and 
their  sockets  are  destroyed. 

DEOB'STRUENT,  Deoh'strucns,  Bephrac'ti- 
ciun,  Deojjpi'lans,  Deoppilati' vum,  Ecphrac'ttc, 
from  de,  and  obstruere,  {ob,  and  struere,)  'to  ob- 
struct.' (F.)  Desobsti-uant,  Desobstructif,  Desopi- 
Intif,  Besopilant.  Medicines  given  with  the  view 
of  removing  any  obstruction.  The  word  corre- 
sponds to  apierient,  in  its  general,  not  in  its  par- 
ticular sense.  It  is  now  almost  abandoned,  and, 
when  used,  conveys  by  no  means  definite  ideas. 
DEODORIZER,  Antibromic. 
DEONTOL'OGY,  Deontolog" ia ;  from  ra  itovra, 
'what  are  fitting  or  necessary,'  and  Xoyoi,  'a  de- 
scription.' A  word  introduced  by  Bentham  to 
signify  morals,  or  the  science  of  duties. 

Med'ical  Deontol'ogy,  Deontoloy"ia  med'ica, 
(F.)  Deontologie  medicale,  Medical  ethics,  3/e- 
dical  etiquette.  The  duties  and  rights  of  medical 
practitioners. 

DEOPPILATIVUM,  Deobstruent. 
DEPASCENS,  Phagedenic. 
DAPAUPERATUS,  Impoverished. 
DEPERDITIO,  Abortion. 
DEPERISSEMENT,  Emaciation. 
DEPHRACTICUM,  Deobstruent. 
BEPILATIF,  Depilatory. 
DEPILATIO,  Alopecia— d.  Capitis,  Calvities. 
DEPILA'TION,  Depila'tio,  Drupacis'mus,  3Ia- 
de'sis,  Ilad'isis,  Psilo'sis,  from  de,  andp77i(s, '  hair.' 
Loss  of  hair,  either  spontaneously  or  by  art. 

DEP'ILATORY,  Depilato'rium,  Dropax,  Psi- 
lo'thron,  Ectillot'icus,  Epilato'rium,  (F.)  Depila- 
toire,  Depilatif,  Epilatoire.  Same  etymon.  Any 
thing  which  causes  the  loss  of  the  hair.  Depila- 
tories are  usually  caustic  applications,  in  which 
quicklime  or  some  other  alkaline  substance,  sul- 
phuret  of  iron,  &c.,  enter. 

Depilatory,  Colley's,  seems  to  consist  of 
quicklime  and  a  portion  of  sulpJiuret  of  potassa. 

Belcroix's  dei)ilatory,  and  Plenck's  depilatory, 
have  a  similar  composition.  They  all,  probably, 
contain  arsenic,  in  the  form  of  orpiment.  The 
following  formula  has  been  given  for  that  of 
Colley  :  quicklime,  30  parts  ;  soap  lees,  125  parts  ; 
sulphur,  4  parts  ;  nitre,  4  parts  ;  orpiment,  12  parts. 
Another  depilatory  by  F.  Boudet  is  formed  of  sie^- 
phuret  of  sodium,  3  parts  ;  quicklime,  in  powder, 
10  ;  starch,  10 ;  mix.  Rub  a  little  of  this  powder 
with  water;  apply  it  to  the  part,  and  remove  the 
hair  in  a  minute  or  two  with  a  wooden  knife. 
Dorvault  recommends  the  Depilatory  of  Martins, 
which  is  a  sulphuretted  sulphuret  of  calcium ; 
made  by  passing  sulphohydrie  acid  into  quicklime 
to  saturation.  A  little  of  this  is  applied  to  the 
part,  and  in  eight  or  ten  minutes  it  becomes  solid. 
It  must  then  be  washed  off  with  cold  or  hot  wa- 
ter, when  the  skin  will  be  found  denuded.  An- 
other, given  by  Redwood,  is  a  strong  solution 
of  the  sulphuret  of  barium,  made  into  a  paste 
with  starch  powder.  It  is  used  like  the  one  ad- 
vised by  Boudet.  Those  that  do  not  contain 
arsenic  are,  of  course,  safer, 

A  pitch  pilaster.  Pitch-cap,  is  sometimes  used 
as  a  depilatory.  It  of  course  pulls  the  hair  out 
by  the  roots. 

DE'PILIS,  same  etymon.  Devoid  of  hair. 
Hairless. 


DEPLACEMENT  DE  LA  CATARAOTE, 
see  Cataract 

DEPLETIF,  Depletory. 

DEPLE'TION,  Deple'tio,  from  depleo,  deple- 
tum,  '  I  unload.'  The  act  of  emptying  or  unload- 
ing, for  example,  the  vessels,  by  blood-letting 
and  the  different  evacuants.  Also,  inordinate 
evacuation. 

DEPLE'TORY,  Deple'ting,  (F.)  Depletif.  Hav- 
ing relation  to  depletion  —  as  'a  depiletory  or  de- 
pleting agent.' 

DEPLUMA'TIO,  Ptilo'sis,  from  deplumis  (de 
and  piluma),  'without  feathers.'  A  disease  of  the 
eyelids,  in  which  they  are  swollen,  and  the  eye- 
lashes fall  out.     See  Madarosis. 

DEPOS'IT,  Depos'itum,  from  depono,  (de  and 
pono,  posit um,  'to  lay  or  put,')  'to  lay  or  put 
down.'  (F.)  Depot.  Any  thing  laid  or  thrown 
down.  In  physiology  and  pathology,  a  struc- 
tureless substance,  separated  from  the  blood  or 
other  fluid,  as  the  typhous,  tuberculous,  purulent, 
melanic,  and  diphtheritic  deposits. 
Deposit,  Feculence. 

DEPOS'ITIVE,  Depositi'vus,  same  etymon. 
An  epithet  used  by  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  to  express 
that  condition  of  the  membrane  in  which  plastic 
Ij'mph  is  exuded  into  the  tissue  of  the  derma,  so 
as  to  give  rise  to  the  production  of  small  hard 
elevations  of  the  skin,  or  pimples.  Under  "de- 
positive  inflammation  of  the  derma,"  he  comprises 
strophulus,  lichen,  and  prurigo. 

DEPOT,  Abscess,  Sediment — d.  Laiteuse  sur 
la  Cuisse,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  d.  de  l' Urine,  Se- 
diment of  the  urine. 

DEPRAVA'TION,  Deprava'tio,  from  de  and 
pravus,  'bad.'  Perversion,  corruption  —  as  de- 
pravation of  the  taste,  &c. 

DEPREHENSIO,  Diagnosis,  Epilepsy. 
DEPRES'SION,  Depres'sio,  Impres'sio,  from 
deprimere,  depressum  [de  and  premere),  '  to  de- 
press ;'  Esphla'sis.  In  Anatomy,  it  means  an 
excavation,  hollow,  or  fossa.  In  Surgery,  it  is 
applied  to  a  fracture  of  the  cranium,  in  which 
the  portions  of  fractured  bone  are  forced  inwards ; 
(F.)  Subgrondation,  Entablement ;  called  also, 
Catapi'esis,  Camp)sis  Depres'sio,  Thlasis  Depres'- 
sio. Depression,  (F.)  Abaissement,  means  Couch- 
ing.— See  Cataract. 

Depression  also  means  dejection  or  dejectednesa 
— Ademon'ia,  Ademo' syne,  Demis'sio  animi. 

Depression,  Nervous,  Shock,  nervous — d. 
Vital,  Shock,  nervous. 

DEPRESSOIRE,  Meningophylax. 
DEPRESS'OR,  (F.)  Abaisseur.    Same  etymon. 
Several  muscles  have  been  so  termed,  because 
they  depress  the  parts  on  which  they  act. 

Depressor  Al^  Nasi,  D.  la'bii  superio'ris 
alaque  nasi  seu  Labii  superio'ris  pro'prius,  In- 
cisi'vus  me'dius,  Myrtifor'mis,  Const rieto' res  ala'- 
rum  nasi  ac  depresso'res  la'bii  superio'ris,  Maxillo- 
alveoli-nasal ■ — ^part  of  the  labtalis,  (Ch.,)  (F.) 
Abaisseur  de  I'aile  du  nez.  It  arises  from  the 
superior  maxillary  bone  immediately  above  the 
junction  of  the  gums  with  the  two  incisor  and 
canine  teeth ;  and  passes  upwards  to  be  inserted 
into  the  upper  lip  and  root  of  the  ala  nasi,  which 
it  pulls  downwards. 

Depressor  An'guli  Oris,  Triangula' ris,  De- 
pressor labio'rum  commu'nis,  D.  labiorum,  (F.) 
Sousmaxillo-labial,  Maxillo-labial  (Ch.),  Abais- 
seur  de  I'angle  des  levres  ou  ihiscle  Triangulaire. 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  lower  part  of  the  face. 
Its  form  is  triangular.  It  arises  from  the  outer 
oblique  line  on  the  lower  jawbone,  and  terminates 
in  a  point  at  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  which 
it  pulls  downwards. 

Depressor  La'bii  Inferio'ris  ;  Quadra'tus, 
Q.  Menti,  Depressor  labii  inferio'ris  pro'prius — 


DEPRESSORIUM 


287 


DERMATIATRIA 


(F.)  Mentonnier-lahial,  Mento-labial  (Ch.),  Carre  j 
du  3Ienton,  Houppe  du  Ilenton,  Abaisseur  de  la 
levre  inferieure.  A  small,  thin,  and  quadrilateral 
muscle,  which  arises  from  the  external  oblique 
line  of  the  lower  jaw,  and  ascends  to  the  lower 
lip,  where  it  becomes  confounded  with  the  orbi- 
cularis oris.  It  pulls  the  lower  lip  downwards 
and  outwards. 

Depressor  Labii  Superioris  Proprius,  D. 
Al»  nasi  —  d.  Labiorum  communis,  D.  Anguli 
oris  —  d.  Oculi,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

Depressor  Pal'pebr^  Inferio'ris.  A  fleshy 
bundle,  which  forms  part  of  the  palpebralis 
muscle.  Heister  describes  it  separately,  but  it  is 
not  admitted  now. 

DEPRESSORIUM,  Meningophylax. 
DEPRIMENS  AURICULiE,  Retrahens  auris 
—  d.   Maxillae   biventer,   Digastricus  —  d.  Oculi, 
Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

DEPRIMENTIA,  Sedatives. 
DEPUCILATION,  Defloration. 
DBPUDICATION,  Defloration. 
DEPURAN'TIA,  from  depurare  {de  and  pu- 
rus),    'to   purify.'      (F.)    Bepurans,    Bepurutifs. 
Medicines  were  formerly  so  called,  which  were 
supposed  to  possess   the  property   of  removing, 
from  the  mass  of  blood  or  humours,  those  prin- 
ciples which  disturbed  their  purity ;  and  of  di- 
recting them  towards  some  one  of  the  natural 
emunctories.     The  juices    of  what  were    called 
anti-scorbutic  herbs,   sulphur,   and   many  other 
medicines,  were  ranked  under  this  class. 
DEPURATIFS,  Depurantia. 
DEPURA'TION,  Bepura'tio.     Same  etymon. 
Catharis'mos,  llunda'tio.     In  Pathology,  depura- 
tion has  been  used  for  the  process  by  which  na- 
ture purifies  the  animal  economy,  either  by  the 
agency  of  some  eruptive  disease,  or  some  sponta- 
neous evacuation,  or  by  the  assistance  of  medi- 
cine.    See  Clarification,  and  Depuratory. 
DBPURATIVB,  Depuratory. 
DEP'URATORY.     Same  etymon.    Bepurato'- 
rius,  Bepurative,  (F.)  Bepnratoire.     That  which 
causes  depuration,  as  the  urinary  and  cutaneous 
depurations.      Applied,   also,  to    diseases   which 
have  been  considered  capable  of  modifying  the 
constitution    advantageously,  by  acting   on  the 
composition  of  the  fluids  —  such  as  certain  erup- 
tions, intermittents,  <&c.     The  word  is,  also,  ap- 
propriated to  medicines  and  diet,  by  which  the 
same  effect  is  sought  to  be  induced. 

DERADELPH'US,  (F.)  Beradelphe,  from  hpr,, 
'the  neck,'  and  aicKipo^,  'a  brother.'  A  double 
monocephalous  monster,  whose  two  trunks  are 
united  above  the  umbilicus,  and  separated  below. 
— G.  St.  Hilaire. 

DER'ADEN,  from  hpr),  'the  neck,'  and  ahriv, 
*a  gland.'     A  gland  in  the  neck. 

DERADENI'TIS,  from  kp>h  'neck,'  airiv,  'a 
gland,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  glands  of  the  neck. 

DBRADBNON'CUS,  from  hpr,,  'the  neck,' 
alnv,  'a  gland,'  and  oyKog,  'a  swelling.'  Tume- 
faction of  the  glands  of  the  neck. 

DERANENCEPHA'LIA,      Thlipsencepha'lia, 
from  (5£pr7,  'neck,'  and  anencephalia,  'absence  of 
brain.'     A  monstrosity  in   which    only  a  small 
portion  of  the  brain  exists,  resting  on  the  cervi- 
cal vertebrae — more  properly  derencepha'lia. — G. 
St.  Hilaire.     According  to  Is.  G.  St.  Hilaire,   a 
monstrosity   characterized  by  the  total  absence 
of  encephalon,  and  of  the  medulla  spinalis  into 
the  cervical  region. 
DERANGED,  Insane. 
DE^RANGBMENT,  Insanity. 
BERATE  (F.),  Lie'ne  priva'tus,  from  de  and 
rate,   'spleen.'     Deprived   of  spleen;    as  by  an 
operation. 


DERCH,  Nanus. 

DERBIA,  Impetigo. 

DERENCEPHALIA,  Deranencephalia. 

DERENCEPH'ALUS,  from  iipv,  'the  neck,' 
and  KZ(paXt],  'head.'  A  monster  whose  brain  is 
in  the  neck. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

DERIS,  Cutis. 

DERIVANS,  Derivative. 

BERIVATIF,  Derivative. 

DERIVA'TION,  Beriva'tio,  Beflec'tio,  Paro- 
cheteu'sis,  Antilep'sis,  Antis'pasis,  Revul'sion, 
Cura  derivati'va  seu  revulso'ria,  from  derivare, 
derivatum,  (de,  and  rivtis,  'a  river,')  'to  turn 
water  from  its  regular  course.'  When  a  'centre 
of  fluxion'  is  established  in  a  part,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  abstracting  the  excited  vital  manifesta- 
tions from  some  other,  a  derivation  is  operated. 

The  term  Derivation  has  likewise  been  ap- 
plied to  the  suction  power  of  the  heart  —  a 
presumed  agency  in  the  circulation  of  the  blood. 

DERIVATIVE,  Revel'lent,  Revul'sive,  Beflec'- 
tens,  Beri'vans,  Berivato' rius,  Antispas'ticus,  Re- 
vulsi'vus,  Revulso'rius,  (F.)  Berivatif,  Revulsif. 
Same  etymon.  A  remedy,  which  by  producing 
a  modified  action  in  some  organ  or  texture  derives 
from  the  morbid  condition  of  some  other  organ 
or  texture.  Revellents  are  amongst  the  most  im- 
portant remedies :  they  include,  indeed,  every 
physical  and  moral  agent  which  is  capable  of 
modifying  the  function  of  innervation,  ond  there- 
fore almost  every  article  of  the  materia  medica. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  chief  local  Deriva- 
tives : 

1.  Epispastics.  —  Acidum  Aceticum,  Acidum 
Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Allium,  Ammo- 
nia, Ammoniacum,  Asafoetida,  Cantharis,  Capsi- 
cum, Galbanum,  Olea  Bssentialia,  Pix  Abietis, 
Sinapis,  Caloric,  Friction. 

2.  Vesicants. — Ammonia,  Argenti  Nitras,  Can- 
tharis, Cantharis  Vittata,  Hydrargyri  lodidum 
rubrum.  Ranunculus,  Sinapis,  Caloric. 

3.  Suppurants.  —  Acida  Mineralia,  Antimonii 
et  Potassffi  Tartras,  Cantharis,  Mezereum,  Pix 
Abietis,  Sabina,  Tiglii  Oleum,  Fonticulus,  Seta- 
ceum. 

4.  —  Escharotics.  —  A.  Erodents.  —  Acidum 
Aceticum,  Acida  Mineralia,  Alumen  Exsiccatum, 
Argenti  Nitras,  Cupri  Sub-Acetas,  Cupri  Sulphas, 
Sabina,  Saacharum  Purissimum. 

B.  Actual  Caateraiits. — Caloric,  White  Hot; 
Iron,  Moxa. 

C.  Potential  Oauterants. — Acidum  Arseniosum, 
Acidum  Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Anti- 
monii Murias,  Argenti  Nitras,  Calx,  Potassa, 
Potassa  cum  Calce,  Zinci  Chloridum. 

DERIVATORIUS,  Derivative. 

DERMA,  Cutis. 

DERMAD,  see  Dermal  Aspect. 

DER.MAL,  Bermic,  Berma'Hs,  Ber'micus,  from 
hpiia,  'the  skin.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the 
skin. 

Dermal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  skin 
or  external  surface. — Barclay.  Bermad  is  used 
adverbially  by  the  same  writer  to  signify  'to- 
wards the  dermal  aspect.' 

DERMAL'GIA,  properly  Bermatal'gia,  Ber- 
matodyn'ia,  from  itpy-a,  'the  skin,'  and  a\yoi, 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  skin.  Neuralgia  of  tho 
skin.  Rheumatic  Bermalgia  or  Rheumatism  of 
the  skin  is  a  form  of  neuralgia,  which  is  referred, 
at  times,  to  the  nervous  trunks,  muscles,  <fec.,  but 
appears  to  be  seated  in  the  cutaneous  nerves. 

DERMATAGRA,  Pellagra. 

DERMATALGIA,  Dermalgia. 

DERMATANEU'RIA,  Aderm oner' via,  from 
iepfia,  hpparoq,  'skin,'  a,  priv.,  and  viuooi',  'nerve.' 
Paralysis  or  loss  of  sensibility  of  the-  skin. 

DERMATAUXE,  Dermatophyma. 

DERMATIATRI'A,  from  hpua,  ScpiiaTos,  'skin. 


DERMATITIS 


288 


DESMOID 


and  tarpua,  'healing.'  Healing  of  cutaneous  dis- 
eases. The  treatment  of  diseases  of  the  skin — 
Diadermintri'a,  Dermatocrati' a. 

DERMATITIS,  Cytitis,  Erysipelatous  inflam- 
mation. 

DERMATOCHOLOSIS,  Icterus. 
DERMATOCHYSIS,  Anasarca. 
DERMATOCRATIA,  see  Dermatiatria. 
DERMATODES,  Derraatoid. 
DERMATODYXIA,  Dermalgia. 
DER'MATOID,     Dermatot'des,    Dermafo'des, 
DermoVdes,     Dermo'des,     Dermoid,    from     Sepfta, 
IcpjiaToi,  'the  skin,'  and  ti^o;,  'form.'    That  which 
is  similar  to  the  skin.     This   name  is  given  to 
different  tissues,  which  resemble  the  skin.     The 
dura  mater  has  been  so  called  by  some. 

Morhi  dermaio'des,  chronic  cutaneous  diseases. 

DERMATOL'OGY,    Dermatolog^'ia,    DermoV- 

ogy,  from   iep/ia,  izpiiaro;,  '  the   skin,'  and  Xoyog, 

'a  discourse.'    A  discourse  or  treatise  of  the  skin. 

DERMATOPATHIA.  Cutaneous  disease. 

DERMATOPERISCLERISMUS,  Induration 
of  the  cellular  tissue. 

DERMATOPERISCLEROSIS,  Induration  of 
the  cellular  tissue. 

DERMATOPHILUS,  CMque. 

DERMATOPHY'MA,  Dennataux'e,  from  Sep/ia, 
Scpiiarog,  'skin,'  and  (fivyia,  'tumour.-'  A  tumefac- 
tion of  the  skin. 

DERMATOPHYMATA  VENEREA,  Condy- 
lomata. 

DERMATOPH'YTiE,  properly  Bermatoph' yti 
[Morhi),  from  Sippia,  Sspfiaro;,  'skin,'  and  0iitov, 
'a  vegetable.'  An  order  of  cutaneous  diseases, 
including  those  that  depend  on,  or  are  character- 
ized by,  the  presence  of  parasitic  plants.  It  is 
made  to  include  Porrigo  and  Sycosis. 

DERMATORRHAG"IA,  from  Sspiia,  Scpfiaroi, 
'skin,'  and  pnyrj,  'rupture.'  A  discharge  of  blood 
from  the  skin. 

DERMATORRHCE'A,  from  Sep/ia,  Sepfiaro;, 
'skin,' and  pea,  '  I  flow.'  A  morbidly  increased 
secretion  from  the  skin. 

DERMATOSCLEROSIS,  Callosity. 

DERMATOSES,  Cutaneous  diseases. 

DERMATOSIES  YEROLEUSES,  SijpU- 
lid.es. 

DERMATOSPASMUS,  Horrida  cutis. 

DERMATOTYLOMA,  Callosity. 

DERMATOTYLOSIS,  Callosity. 

DERMATOTYLUS,  Callosity. 

DERME,  Cutis. 

DERMIC,  Der'micus,  Dermat'icus,  Dermat'i- 
nuJi,  Dermatic,  Dermal,  Derma'lisj  from  Sep/ia, 
'skin.'     Relating  to  the  skin. 

DERMITIS,  Cytitis. 

DERMODES,  Dermatoid. 

DERMOG'RAPHY,i?ermo^r^^^'ja,  from  ispfta, 
'the  skin,'  and  ypatpw,  'I  describe.'  An  anato- 
mical description  of  the  skin. 

DERMOH^^'MIA,  from  Stp^La,  'skin,'  and 
'ni/ia,  'blood.'  Hyperaemia  or  congestion  of  the 
skin. 

DERMOID,  Dermatoid. 

DERMOLOGY,  Dermatology. 

DERM'OPHYTE,  Der'matophyte,  same  ety- 
mon.    A  parasitic  vegetable  growth  on  the  skin. 

DERMO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 

DERMO-SYPHTLIDES,  Si/philides.  ' 

DERMOT'OMY,  Dermotom'ia,  from  hpfia,  'the 
skin,'  and  rtjivnv,  'to  cut.'  The  part  of  anatomy 
which  treats  of  the  structure  of  the  skin. 

DERODYMUS.  Dicephalus. 

DERONCUS,  Bronchoeele. 

DERTRON.  This  word,  which  is  used  by 
Hippocrates,  signified,  according  to  some,  the 
omentum  or  peritoneum,  but  according  to  others, 
the  small  intestine.     See  Epiploon. 


DESALTERANTS,  Refrigerants. 
DESARTICULATIOX  (P.),  from  de,  and 
articulus,  'a  joint.'  Disjointing.  A  word  used 
to  express  the  part  of  the  operation,  in  amputa- 
tion at  an  articulation,  which  consists  in  dividing 
the  ligaments,  and  separating  the  articular  sur- 
faces. The  word  has,  also,  been  used  for  that 
kind  of  anatomical  preparation,  the  object  of 
which  is  to  separate  the  different  bones  of  the 
skeleton,  and  especially  those  of  the  head. 

DESASSIMILATION,  see  Assimilation. 

DESCALORINESES,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
calor,  'heat.'  A  name  given  by  Baumes  to  dis- 
eases which  are  characterized  by  diminished 
heat. 

DESCEMET,  MEMBRANE  OF,  see  Aqueous 
Humour,  and  Cornea. 

DESCEMETI'TIS.  A  term  improperly  formed, 
and  really  signifying  'inflammation  of  Descemet.' 
Inflammation  of  the  membrane  of  Descemet. 

DESCEXDENS  NONI,  see  Hypoglossus. 

DESCENSIO,  Catabasis. 

DESCENSUS,  Catabasis  — d.  Testiculorum, 
Orchido-eatabasis. 

DESCENTE,  Hernia  — cZ.  de  la  Matrice,  Pro- 
j  cidentia  uteri. 

DE^SECTUS,  Castratus. 

DESENFL  URE,  Detumescenee. 

DESHLER'S  SALVE,  Ceratum  re.sinse  compo- 
situm. 

DESICCANTIA,  Desiceativa. 

DESICCATIO,  Draining— d.  Herbarum,  Dry- 
ing of  plants. 

DESICCATION,  Drying. 

DESICCATI'VA,  Desican'tia,  Siccan'tia,  Ex- 
siccati'va,  from  desiccare,  (de,  and  siccare,  sicca- 
titm,  'to  dry,')  'to  dry  up.'  (F.)  Dessiccatifs. 
Remedies,  which,  when  applied  externally,  dry 
up  the  humours  or  moisture  from  a  wound. 

DESINFECTANT,  Disinfectant. 

DESINFECTION,  Disinfection. 

DESIPIENTIA,  Delirium. 

DESIRE,  Libido — d.  Venereal,  Appetite,  vene- 
real, see  Libido. 

DES'MA,  Des'me,  Des'mus.  A  bandage,  a  liga- 
ment.    Hence : 

DESMATUR'GIA,  from  oziiia,  'bandage,'  and 
ipyov,  'work.'  The  doctrine  of  the  application 
of  bandages.     Bandaging. 

DESMEDION,  Fasciculus. 

DESMEUX,  Ligamentous. 

DESMIOGNA'THUS,  (F.)  DesmiognatTie,  from 
SecTfiog,  'ligament,'  and  yvadog,  'jaw.'  A  double 
parasitic  monster.  Order,  Polygnathiens,  charac- 
terized by  a  supernumerary  imperfect  head,  which 
is  united,  under  the  neck,  by  muscular  and  cuta- 
neous, but  no  bony  attachments,  to  the  principal 
subject. 

DESMI'TIS,  DesmopMogo' sis,  De8mopMog"ia, 
from  cidjirit  'a  ligament,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  ligaments. 

DESMOCHAUNO'SIS,  from  biciiog,  'ligament,' 
and  ■x^avvwnig,  'relaxation.'  Relaxation  of  an  ar- 
ticular ligament. 

DESMODYN'IA,  from  ^eo-^o?,  'ligament,'  and 
oSvvTj,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  ligaments. 

DESMOG'RAPHY,  Desmograph'ia,  from  Sea- 
fiog,  'a  ligament,'  and  ypatpn,  'a  description.'  An 
anatomical  description  of  the  ligaments. 

DESMOID,  Desmoules,  Desmo'des,  from  Sea/iog, 
'a  ligament,'  and  ti^oj,  'resemblance.'  Having 
the  character  of,  or  resembling,  ligament. 

Desmoid  Tissue,  from  h<jp.og,  'a  ligament,'  and 
tiiog,  'shape.'  Ligamen'tous  Tissue,  Textus  des- 
mo'sus.  This  tissue  is  very  generally  diffused 
over  the  human  body  :  has  a  very  close  connexion 
with  the  areolar  tissue,  and  is  continuous  with  it 


DESMOLOGY 


289 


DEVELOPMENT 


in  divers  places.     It  constitutes  tlie  ligaments, 
aponeuroses,  &c. 

DESMOL'OGY,  Besmoloc/'ia,  from  Scafios,  'a 
ligament,'  and  )^oyoi,  'a  discourse,'  'a  treatise.' 
That  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  liga- 
ments. 

DESMOP'ATHY,  Desmopatlii'a,  from  Scaiios, 
'ligament,'  and  iraOos,  'disease.'  Disease  of  the 
ligaments. 

DESxMOPIILOGIA,  Desmitis. 

DESMORRHEX'IS,  from  Seaixog,  'a  ligament,' 
and  prints,  'rupture.'  Rupture  of  an  articular 
ligament. 

DESMOS,  Ligament. 

DESMOSUS,  Ligamentous. 

DESMOTOMY,  Besmotom'ia,  from  li(7ixog,  'a 
ligament,'  and  re/ivtiv,  '  to  cut.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  teaches  the  mode  of  dissecting  the 
ligaments. 

BESOBSTRUANT,  Deobstruent. 

VESOBSTRUCTIF,  Deobstruent. 

DESOPILATIF,  Deobstruent. 

DESORGANISATION,  Disorganization. 

BESOXYGENESES,  from  de,  and  oxygen. 
M.  Baumes  includes  under  this  title  an  order  of 
diseases,  which  he  considers  dependent  upon  a 
diminution  in  the  quantity  of  the  oxygen  neces- 
sary for  the  animal  economy. 

BESPOTATS  (¥.).  Infirm  soldiers,  formerly 
charged  with  the  office  of  removing  the  wounded 
from  the  field  of  battle :  perhaps  from  des2)orta- 
tor,  'one  who  bears  away.'  The  class  of  Besjio- 
tats  was  introduced  by  Leo  VI.,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  9th  century. 

DESPUMA'TION,  Bespuma'tto,  Apaphris'mos,  , 
Epaphris'mos,  from  deapumare,  (de,  and  spuma,) 
'to  skim,'  'to  remove  the  froth.'     The  separation 
of  the  froth  and  other  impurities,  which  rise,  by 
the  action  of  the  fire,  to  the  surface  of  any  fluid. 

DESQUAMA'TION,  Bescpiama'tio  Cutis,  Ec- 
lep'isis,  Aposi/r'ma,  Apolep'  isis,  Apolcp)is'mtis, 
Jloulting,  from  desquamare,  {de,  and  sqiinma,  'a 
scale,')  'to  scale  off.'  Exfoliation,  or  separation 
of  the  epidermis,  in  the  form  of  scales,  of  a  greater 
or  less  size,  Furfura'tio,  Be.furfura'tio.  This 
affection  is  a  common  consequence  of  exanthema- 
tous  diseases. 

DESQUAMATORIUS,  Exfoliative. 
BESSECHEMENT,  Atrophy,  Draining. 

BESSWA  TTFS,  Desicativa. 

BESSICCATION;  Desiccation. 

DESTILLATIO,  Coryza,  Distillation— d.  Pec- 
toris, Catarrh — d.  Uteri,  Leucorrhoea. 

DBSTRUCTIO,  Diaphthora. 

DESUDA'TIO,  EpJiidro'sis,  Sudam'ina,  ffi- 
dro'a,  from  desndare,  {de,  and  sudare,)  'to  sweat.' 
Besiidation  means  a  profuse  and  inordinate  sweat- 
ing, a  mucksweat;  but,  most  commonly,  the  term 
is  applied  to  an  eruption  of  small  pimples,  similar 
to  millet  seed,  which  appears  chiefly  on  children, 
and  is  owing  to  want  of  cleanliness. 

BES  Y3IPHYSER,  see  Symphyseotomy. 

DETENTIO,  Catalepsy. 
DETERGENS,  Abstergent. 

DETER'GENTS,  from  detergere,  [de,  and  ter- 
gere,  'to  clean,')  'to  cleanse.'  Betergen'tia,  Be- 
terso'ria,  Extergen'tia,  Abstergen'tia,  Abstersi'va, 
Absterso'ria,  Abluen'tia,  Traumai'icn,  Smec'tica, 
Emundan'tia,  Muudijicati'va,  Mundiftcan'tia, 
Rhyp'tica,  Abster'si'ves,  (F.)  Betersifs,  Mundijiea- 
tifs,  Abluents.  Medicines,  which  possess  the 
power  to  deterge  or  cleanse  parts,  as  wounds, 
ulcers,  &c.  They  belong  to  the  class  of  stimu- 
lants, or  to  that  of  emollients. 

DETERMINA'TION,  Betermma'tio,^  from  de, 
and  terminus,  'a  boundary.'     Strong  direction  to 
a  given  point;  —  as  'a  determination  of  blood  to 
the  head.' 
19 


BETERSIFS,  Detergents. 
DETERSORIA,  Detergents. 

DETERSO'RIUM,  from  detergere,  detersum, 
'to  cleanse.'  The  place,  in  ancient  bathing  es- 
tablishments, where  the  bather  was  cleansed  and 
dried. 

DETESTATIO,  Castratio. 

BE  TORSE,  Sprain. 

DETRACTIO  SANGUINIS,  Bloodletting. 

DETRI'TUS,   from   deterere,  {de,   and   terere, 
tritum,  'to  rub,')  'to  bruise  or  wear   out.'     The  " 
residuum,   occupying  the   place  of  the    organic 
texture  of  parts  which  have  undergone  disorgani- 
zation. 

BETROIT  ABB03nNALE,  Pelvis  (brim)— 
d.  Inferieur,  Pelvis  (outlet) — d.  Perineal,  Pelvis 
(outlet) — d.  Superieur,  Pelvis  (brim.) 

BETRONCATION,  Detruncatio.' 

DETRUNCA'TION,  Betrunca'tio,  (P.)  Betron- 
cation,  from  de,  and  truncus,  'a  trunk.'  Separa- 
tion of  the  trunk  from  the  head  of  the  foetus,  the 
latter  remaining  in  the  uterus. 

DETRU'SION,  Betru'sio  ;  same  etymon  as  the 
next.  The  act  of  thrusting  or  forcing  down  or 
away.  Applied  by  Dr.  Walshe  to  lateral  displace- 
ment of  the  heart  by  extrnnenus  pressure. 

DETRU'SOR  URI'N^,  Profru'sor,  from  de- 
trudere,  [de,  and  trudere,  trusuin,  'to  thrust,')  'to 
thrust  down  or  from.'  The  muscular  coat  of  the 
urinary  bladder  was  formerly  so  called.  It  was, 
also,  named  Constrictor  Vesi'cce  Urina'ricE. 

BE  TUMESCENCE  (F.),  Betumescen'tia,  from 
detumere,  [de,  and  tumere,  'to  swell,')  'to  cease 
to  swell.'  A  diminution  of  swelling.  This  word 
has  nearly  the  same  signification  as  the  French 
word  Besenflure.  The  latter  is,  however,  more 
particularly  applied  to  the  diminution  of  oedema 
or  anasarca;  the  former,  to  the  resolution  of  a 
tumour  properly  so  called. 

DEUNX.  The  ancient  name  of  a  weight  of  11 
ounces,  supposing  the  pound  to  consist  of  12. 

DEURENS  (FEBRIS,)  Causus. 

DEUS  COPULATIONIS,  Cupido. 

DEUTERAN(EA,  Dementia. 

DEUTERI'A,  from  ocvrcpos,  'the  second.'  Vo- 
gel  has  used  this  term  for  the  symptoms  produced 
by  retention  of  the  secundines.  The  word  was 
also  applied,  by  the  Greeks,  to  a  second  or  infe- 
rior wine. 

DEUTERION,  Secundines. 

DEUTEROPATHI'A,  HysteropatM'a,  Morbus 
secunda'rius,  from  Scvrtpo;,  '  the  second,'  and 
-a%g,  'disease.'  A  secondary  disease.  One  pro- 
duced by  another,  and  of  which  it  is  only,  in 
some  measure,  symptomatic,  or  the  sympathetic 
efi"ect. 

DEUTEROS'COPY,  Beuieroscop'ia,  from  Sev- 
Tcpog,  'the  second,' and  oKoreu),  'I  view.'  Second 
sight.  A  fancied  power  of  seeing  future  things 
or  events. 

DEUTO,  hvTtpos,  'second.'  A  prefix  denoting 
two,  or  double, — as  deutoxide,  having  two  degrees 
of  oxidation. 

BEUTOAZOTATE  ACIBE  LTQUIBE  BE 
MERCURE,  see  Hydrarscyri  nitras. 

DEVEL'OPMENT,  Evolu'tio,  from  (F.)  deve- 
lopjjer,  'to  unfold.'  (F.)  Beveloppement.  In 
Physiology,  it  means  growth  or  increase;  and  in 
Pathology,  its  signification  is  similar.  It  —  as 
well  as  Bifferentiation — is  at  times  used,  in  Phys- 
iology, for  the  kind  of  increase  which  takes  place 
by  the  formation  of  new  tissues  from  those  al- 
ready existing,  as  in  the  embryo,  whilst  growth  is 
restricted  to  the  increase  of  the  same  tissue.  By 
development  of  the  pulse  is  understood  an  in- 
crease in  its  strength  and  fulness.  Diseases  of 
development,  3Iorbi  evolutio'nis,  are  such  as  are 
peculiar  to  the  period  of  growth. 


DEVERTICULUM 


290 


DIACHALASIS 


'Taking  Developments.'  A  term  used  by 
practical  craniologists  to  signify  the  act  of  mea- 
suring prominences  of  the  skull,  which  are  re- 
garded by  them  as  indicating  the  size  of  corre- 
sponding cerebral  organs. 

Development,  Vesicle  of,  see  Vesicle  of  De- 
velopment. 

DEVERTICULUM,  Diverticulum. 

DEVIA'TION,  Devia'tlo,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
via,  'the  way.'  Out  of  the  way.  By  this  word 
is  meant  —  a  vicious  curvature  of  the  spine  or 
other  bones;  —  faulty  direction  of  the  teeth  or 
other  part;  —  the  passage  of  blood,  bile,  urine, 
milk,  &c.,  into  vessels  not  natural  to  them. 

DE  VIA  TION  DES  REGLES,  Menstruation 
^vicarious.) 

DEVIL  IN  A  BUSH,  Nigella  — d.  Bit,  Vera- 
trum  viride. 

DEVIL'S  BIT,  Aletris  farinosa,  Seabiosa  sue- 
cisa,  Chameelirium  luteum  —  d.  Bite,  Liatris  —  d. 
Dung,  Asafoetida  —  d.  Shoestrings,  Galega  Vir- 
ginian a. 

DEVIRGINATION,  Defloration,  Stuprum. 

DEVISCERATION,  Exenterismus. 

DEVOIEJfENT,  Diarrhoea. 

DEWBERRY,  AMERICAN,  see  Rubus  ceesius 
— d.  Plant,  Rubus  ctesius. 

DEWCLAAYS,  Crusta  genu  equinae. 

DEXIOCAR'DIA,  from  Ss^ioi,  'right,'  and  Kap- 
Sia,  '  the  heart.'  A  case  in  which  the  heart  is 
found  to  beat  on  the  right  side.  It  is  met  with 
occasionally  in  pleurisy  and  pneumothorax. 

DEXIS,  Degmus. 

DEX'TANS.  A  weight  of  10  ounces,  suppos- 
ing the  pound  to  consist  of  12. 

DEXTERINA,  Dextrine. 

DEXTRAD,  from  dexter,  'right-handed.'  A 
term,  used  adverbially  by  Dr.  Barclay  to  signify 
'towards  the  dextral  aspect.'     See  Mesial. 

Drxtral  Aspect,  see  Mesial. 

DEXTRAL'ITY,  from  dexter,  'right.'  The 
state  of  being  on  the  right  side.  Right-handed- 
ness.    The  stale  of  being  right-handed. 

DEXTRIN,  Dextrine,  Dextri'num.  DexteH'na, 
British  cjum,  Artijic"ial  gum,  from  dexter,  '  right- 
handed.'  So  called,  from  its  refracting  the  rays, 
in  the  polarization  of  light,  more  to  the  right 
hand  than  any  substance  known.  A  substance 
obtained  by  the  continued  action  of  diluted  sul- 
phuric acid  upon  starch  at  the  boiling  point.  It 
"s  used  in  the  treatment  of  fractures,  by  the  'im- 
movable apparatus.'  The  bandages  are  soaked  in 
a  solution,  in  water,  of  the  dextrine  —  previously 
moistened  thoroughly  with  tincture  of  camphor, 
to  prevent  it  from  leaking  when  the  water  is 
added.  The  solution  should  be  of  the  consistence 
of  molasses. 

DEXTRINUM,  Dextrine. 

DI,  h,  iig,  'bis,  twice,  double.'  Hence,  Dicru- 
tus,  Digastricus,  &e. 

DIA,  ha,  in  composition,  'through,  asunder, 
out  of,  separated.'  When  prefixed  to  any  thera- 
peutical' agent,  it  meant,  in  ancient  pharmacy,  a 
preparation  into  which  that  agent  entered. 

DIABEBOS,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 

DTABETE,  Diabetes— rf.  Chylenx,  Chyluria— 
d.  Faux,  see  Diabetes — d,  Disipide,  see  Diabetes 
— d.  Snore,  Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

DIABE'TES,  from  Sia,  '  through,' and  ffaivoi, 
'  T  pass.'  Uri'ncB  proflu'vium,  Hyperdiure'ais, 
Sipho  nri'ncB,  Urorrhn{i"ia,  Polyu'ria,  Hydrops 
ad  Ifat'ulam  seu  Blatel'lce,  Poh/tire'sh,  Uroze'tnia, 
Ureorrhw.' a,  Di'p'sncos,  Diarrhce'a  in  Uriiid  seu 
urino'sa,  (P.)  Diabete,  Flux  d' Urine.  A  disease, 
characterized  by  great  augmentation  and  often 
manifest  alteration  in  the  secretion  of  urine  ;  with 
excessive  thirst,  and  progressive  emaciation.  Cul- 
len  has  described  two  species:  —  Diabetes  insip'- 


idus  and  D.  Melli'tus ;  the  former,  (F.)  Diabete 
faux  ou  insipide,  Diabete,  being,  simply,  a  super- 
abundant discharge  of  limpid  urine,  of  its  usual, 
urinary  taste  :  the  latter,  D.  Melli'tun,  called,  also, 
Paru'ria  MeUi'ta,  Diabetes  An'glicus  seu  verus, 
3felitu'ria,  Melithyperu'ria,  Glucosu' ria,  Glycyr- 
rkce'a  urino'sa,  Uroze'mia  meUi'to,  Saccharor~ 
rhce'a  urino'sa,  Phthisu'ria,  Uro-phthi'sis,  Tabes 
diuret'ica  seu  diabe'tica,  Dyspep'sia  saceharig"- 
ena,  Apoceno'sis  Diabetes  Melli'tus,  Sac'charine 
diabetes,  (F.)  Diabete  snore,  Hyperurorrhee  sao- 
oharine,  Phthisurie  sucr6e,  —  falls  under  the  defi- 
nition given  above.  The  quantity  of  urine,  dis- 
charged in  the  24  hours,  is  sometimes  excessive, 
amounting  to  30  pints  and  upwards;  each  pint 
containing  sometimes  SJ  oz.  saccharine  matter. 
This  replaces  the  urea,  which  is  not  found  in 
quantity  in  the  urine  of  those  labouring  under 
diabetes.  Where  the  disease  is  situate  is  not 
clear.  The  whole  system  of  nutrition,  however, 
seems  to  be  morbidly  implicated.  A  part  of  the 
urine  must  be  formed  at  the  expense  of  the  sys^ 
tern,  as  the  egesta  frequently  far  exceed  the  solid 
and  liquid  ingesta.  On  dissection,  no  morbid 
appearance  is  met  with,  sufiicient  to  enable  us  to 
fix  on  the  seat  of  this  distressing  affection. 

All  the  remedies  that  have  been  tried  have 
usually  been  found  insufficient  in  D.  Mellitus. 

D.  insip'idus,  Hyperiire'sis  aqno'sa,  Hydrii'ria, 
Hydrure'sis,  Paru'ria  incon'tinens  aquo'sa,  Dia- 
be'tes  spu'rius,  Urorrhoe'a,  U'real  Diabetes,  (F.) 
P(dynrie,  Hyperiirrorrhee,  Diabete  insipide,  Fan.v 
diabete,  which  occurs  in  hysterical  habits,  and 
has,  hence,  been  called  D.  hyster'icus,  is  of  com- 
paratively trifling  moment.  Exclusive  diet,  and 
attention  to  the  state  of  the  cutaneous  transpira- 
tion, which  have  sometimes  produced  good  effects 
in  D.  Mellitus,  have  most  commonly  failed. 

Diabetes  Anglicus,  see  Diabetes  —  d.  Chylo- 
sus,  Chyluria  —  d.  Insipidus,  see  Diabetes  —  d. 
Liictens,  Chyluria — d.  Mellitus,  seeDiabetes — d. 
Spurius,  see  Diabetes  —  d.  Ureal,  seeDiabetes  — 
d.  Verus,  Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

DIABET'IC,  Diabe'ticus,  (F.)  Diabitique. 
Same  etymon.     Relating  to  diabetes. 

Diabetic  Sugar,  see  Glucose. 

DIABOT'ANUM,  from  h,i,  and  fioravn,  'an 
herb.'    A  medicine,  prepared  with  herbs. — Galen. 

DIABROSIS,  Erosion,  Corrosion. 

DIABRO'TICUS,  from  ha,  and  fipiauKut,  'I  eat 
or  corrode.'  A  substance,  capable  of  causing  ero- 
sion of  the  part  to  which  it  is  applied.  It  ordi- 
narily means  a  medicine,  whose  activity  places  it 
between  escharotics  and  caustics.    See  Corrosive. 

DIACAR'YON,  from  ha,  and  xapvov,  '  a  nut.' 
Rob  nncum.     The  rob  of  nuts  or  of  walnuts. 

DIACASSIA  CUM  MANNA,  Confectio  cassije. 

DIACATH0L'IC0N,i)iocai!Ao^'4c«m,  from  ha, 
and  Ka^o\iKoi,  'universal.'  The  name  of  a  purge, 
so  called  from  its  general  usefulness.  It  was  an 
electuary,  and  composed  of  the  pidp  of  cassia, 
tamarinds,  leaves  of  senna,  root  of  polypody,  jioxo- 
ers  of  the  violet,  rhubarb  root,  aniseed,  sugar, 
liquorice,  and  fennel. 

DIACAU'SIS,  from  Siaxato),  (Sia,  and  koim,)  'I 
burn  through.'     Excestive  heat.     Over-heating. 

DIACAUST'IC,  Diacaust'icus.  Same  etymon. 
That  which  is  caustic  by  refraction  ;  as  a  double 
convex  lens,  which  has  been  sometimes  used  for 
cauterizing  an  ulcer  by  directing  the  sun's  rays 
upon  it. 

DIACELTATESSON  PARACELSI,  Pulvis 
Cornachini. 

DIACHALASIS,  from  8iaxa\aciv,  (Sia,  and 
Xa'\a£iv,)  '  to  be  open  or  relaxed.'  Hippocrates  uses 
this  word  for  fracture  of  the  bones  of  the  skull; 
or  for  relaxation  and  separation  of  the  sutures,  in 
consequence  of  a  wound  of  the  head.  —  Hippo- 
crates. 


DIACHALCITEOS 


2  P  1 


DIALEPSIS 


DIACHALCIT'EOS,  from  &ia,  and  x«^""s> 
'  chalcitis  or  colcothar.'  A  plaster,  whose  com- 
position is  the  sam.e  as  that  of  the  diapalma, 
except  that,  in  place  of  the  sulphate  of  zinc,  a 
mixture  of  oil  and  colcothar  is  substituted. 

DIACHEIRIS'MOS,  Diacheir'isis,  Tracfa'tio 
mauiia'ria,  from  Sta,  and  X"P'  ' ''^^  hand.'  The 
preparation,  administration,  and  dispensing  of 
medicines. — Hippocrates. 

DIACHORE'MA,  Diackore'iis,  from  SiaT(^b>pe(o, 
(Sia,  and  '>(<sipeii),  'I  retire,')  'I  separate  from.' 
Every  kind  of  excreted  matter  and  excretion  ; 
but  more  particularly  the  fteces  and  alvine  excre- 
tion.— Foesius,  Gorr£eus.     See  Excrement. 

DiACHOREMA  Xtsmatodes,  866  Ramcnta  intes- 
tinorum. 

DIACHORESIS,  Excretion. 

DIACHRISIS,  Inunction. 

DIACHRIST'A,  from  iia,  and  xP^'^j  '  ^  anoint.' 
Medicines,  applied  as  abstergents  to  the  velum 
piilati,  the  palate  itself,  the  tongue,  &c.  Pro- 
bably gargles. — Paulus  of  ^gina, 

DIACH'YLON,  Biach'ylum,  Emplas'trum  dia- 
ach'i/lon,  from  &ia,  and  X"^"^'  'juice;'  i.  e.  com- 
posed of  juices.  The  plaster  of  this  name  was 
formerly  made  of  certain  juices.  The  term  is 
now  confined  to  the  E.mplastrum  Plumbi  or 
Lead  Plaster, 

Diachylon  cum  Gustmi,  Emplastrum  gummo- 
sum — d.  Gomme,  Emplastrum  cum  gummi-resinis 
— d.  Gum,  Emplastrum  gummosum — d.  Magnum 
cum  gummi,  Emplastrum  galbani  comp. — d.  Sim- 
plex, Emplastrum  plumbi — d.  White,  Emplastrum 
plumbi — d.  Yellow,  Emplastrum  gummosum. 

DIACHYTTCA,  from  iia,  and  x""^^  'I  PO"'' 
out,'  '  I  melt.'    Medicines  which  discuss  tumours. 

DIACINE'MA,  from  im,  and  Kirm,  'I  move.' 
A  slight  dislocation.  —  Celsus,  Galen.  A  sub- 
luxation. 

DIACLASIS,  Refraction. 

DIAC'LYSIS,  Diaclys'mm,  from  6ia,  and  k\v- 
?,tiv,  '  to  wash  out.'  Rinsing  or  cleansing — espe- 
cially of  the  mouth. 

DIACLYSMA,  Gargarism. 

DIACOCCYMELOIv^  Diaprunum. 

DIACODIOISr,  Syrupus  papaveris. 

DIACO'DIUM,  Confec'tio  ex  Cupit'ibusPapav'- 
erii,  from  ita,  and  Kiahia,  'a  poppyhead.'  (P.) 
Diaeode.  The  ancients  had  various  forms  for 
preparing  it.  The  Syrup  of  Poppies — Syru'pus 
Papav'eris  seu  Diacu'dion  —  is  now  substituted 
for  it. 

DIACOPE,Abscission,  Dissection,  Intersection. 

DiAC'OPE,  En'cope,  from  Sia,  and  KOTrrttv,  'to 
cut.'  A  cut,  incision,  fissure,  or  longtitudinal 
fracture.  When  used,  since  Galen,  it  generally 
signifies  an  oblique  incision,  made  in  the  cranium 
by  a  sharp  instrument,  without  the  piece  being 
removed.     It  is  not  now  employed. 

DiAc'oPE  Cra'nii,  PrcBcis'io  seu  Bissec'tio 
Ora'nii.  Opening  the  head ;  and  separation  of 
the  bones  of  the  cranium. 

DIACOPR^'GIA,  from  ita,  Koizpo^,  'excre- 
ment,' and  ai^,  aiyoi,  *a  goat.'  A  name  given, 
in  Blancard's  Lexicon,  to  a  medicine,  composed 
of  goat's  dung,  which  the  ancients  praised  ia  dis- 
eases of  the  spleen,  parotids,  &c. 

DIAC'RISES,  from  Hia,  and  xptva,  '1  separate.' 
A  class  of  diseases  characterized  by  alterations 
of  secretion. — Gendrin. 

DIACRISIOG' R APHT,  DmerhiograpVia, 

from  6iaKpicng,  'separation,' and  ypai^??,  'a  descrip- 
tion,'   A  description  of  the  organs  of  secretion. 


DIACRIT'ICA  SIG'NA.  Same  etymon.  Signs 
by  which  one  disease  can  be  accurately  discrimi- 
nated from  another  . — differen'tkd  diayno'sis. 

DIACYDONITES,  Cydoniatum. 

DIADE'MA,  Fascia  cap'itis,  Redimic' ulum, 
from  5iaiie<a,  (Sia,  and  6eiv,  '  to  bind.')  '  I  bind 
round."  A  sort  of  bandage;  advised  in  headach, 
in  which  relaxation  of  the  sutures  was  appre- 
hended.— Forestus. 

DIADERMIATRIA,  Endermic  method. 

DIADEX'IS,  Biad'oche,  Metatopto'sis,  from 
iiaSex"/"""-)  (<5"')  undScxofiai,  'to  take  or  receive.') 
'I  transfer,'  '  I  succeed  to.'  A  transformation  of 
a  disease  into  another,  differing  from  the  former 
both  in  its  nature  and  seat. 

DIADOCHE,  Diadexis. 

DIAD'OSIS,  from  Scafuowfit,  '  to  distribute.'  In 
some  authors,  it  means  the  distribution  of  nutri- 
tive matter  over  the  whole  bodj', — in  other  words, 
nutrition ,•  whilst,  in  others,  it  is  synonymous  witli 
the  remission  or  cessation  of  a  disease. 

DI^D(E'US,  from^t,  'double,' and  atSoia,  'the 
parts  of  generation.'  A  monster  whose  organs 
of  generation  and  urinary  bladder  are  double.  It 
has  only  been  observed  in  animals. 

DI^'RESIS,  from  Scaipsw.  (Sia,  and  atptw,  'I 
take  away,')  'I  divide,'  'I  separate.'  A  division 
or  solution  of  continuity.  A  surgical  operation, 
which  consists  in  dividing  any  part  of  the  body. 
HtBiitorrhag" ia  per  dl(p.' resin  is  hemorrhage  owing 
to  separation  or  division  of  vessels. 

Diuresis  Ungul^,  Onychoptosis. 

DI^RETICUS,  Caustic. 

DI^TA,  Diet— d.  Lactea,  Galactodiasta. 

DI.^TE'MA,  has  the  same  signification  as 
diet,  with  most  authors.  Galen  gives  it  a  more 
extensive  meaning,  comprising,  under  it,  what 
constitutes  Hygiene. 

DliETETICA,  Dietetics. 

DIAGNOSE,  Diagnosticate. 

DIAGNO'SIS,  Bigno'tio,  Biognos'tice,  Bepre- 
hen'sio,  fromAta.  and  ytvoiaKu,  'I  know.'  Biscri- 
mination,  (P.)  Biagnose,  Biagnosfique.  That  part 
of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  discrimination  of 
diseases,  and  the  knowledge  of  the  pathognomonic 
signs  of  each.  It  is  one  of  the  most  important 
branches  of  general  pathologj-.    See  Symptoms. 

Diagnosis,  Differential,  see  Diacritica  signa. 

DIAGNOS'TIC,  Biscreti'vus,  Biagnos'ticus  ; 
(F.)  Biagnostiqne.  Same  etymon.  A  symptom 
which  is  characteristic  of  a  disease. 

DIAGNOS'TICATE,  —  sometimes  diagnose. 
To  discriminate  one  disease  or  phenomenon  from 
another. 

DIAGRYDIUM,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

Diagryd'iuji  Cydokia'tum,  from  diagrydium, 
'scammony,'  and  cyd^nium,  'quince.'  A  phar- 
maceutical preparation,  obtained  by  inspissating 
and  drying,  by  means  of  heat,  two  parts  of  scati)- 
tnony,  and  one  of  quince  juice.  It  was  formerly 
u.sed  as  an  energetic  purgative. 

Diagryd'idm  Glycyrrhiza'tum.  An  analo- 
gous preparation,  containing  extract  of  liquorice 
in  place  of  quince  juice. 

Diagryd'ium  Sulphura'tum.  Scammony, 
which  has  been  exposed  to  the  vapour  of  burning 
sulphur.     These  diagrydia  are  not  now  used. 

DIALEIPSIS,  Apyrexia,  Intermission. 

DIALEIPYRA,  Intermittent  fever. 

DIALEMMA,  Apyrexia. 

DIALEP'SIS,  Intercep'tio,  from  SiaXa/il^avia,  '  I 
intercept.'  —  Hippocrates  employs  this  word  for 


DIALIPSIS 


292 


DIAPHRAGMATIC 


the  interstices,  or  intervals,  left  between  the  turns 
of  a  bandage. 

DIALIPSIS,  Apyrexia,  Intermissio. 

DIAL'YSIS,  Dissolu'tio,  from  iia,  and  Xvtrif, 
'solution.'  A  dissolution  or  loss  of  strength; 
Reaolu'tio  vir'him.  Weakness  of  the  limbs. 
Also,  a  solution  of  continuity. 

DIAMANT,  Diamond. 

DIAMASTEMA,  Masticatory. 

DIAM'BK^  SPE'CIES.  A  name  given  by 
the  ancients  to  powders,  one  of  which  bore  the 
name  —  Spe'cies  dinm'brcB  sine  odora'tis,  —  the 
other,  that  of  Spe'cies  diam'brcB  cum  odora'tis. 
The  former  was  composed  of  cinnamon,  angelica 
root,  cloves,  mace,  nutmeg,  galanga,  cardamom, 
and  numerous  other  substances;  the  latter,  be- 
sides, had  ambergris  and  mnsk.  These  powders 
were  used  as  tonics,  in  cases  of  debility  of  the 
stomach,  and  in  certnin  nervous  aifections. 

DIAMETERS  OF  THE  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis. 

DIxAMNES,  Enuresis. 

DI'AMOND,  Ad'amas,  (from  a,  privative,  and 
iaiifio),  'I  conquer.')  'Invincible;'  (F.)  Diamant. 
So  called  from  its  hardness.  It  is  the  most  pre- 
cious of  all  stones,  and  was  formei-ly  conceived 
to  possess  extraordinary  cordial  virtues. 

DIAMO'RUM,  Rob  ex  moris,  from  &ia,  and 
fidifiov,  'a  mulberry.'  An  ancient  syrup  prepared 
with  honey  and  mulberry  juice.  It  was  employed 
as  a  gargle  in  sore  throat. — Galen. 

DIAMOTO'SIS,  from  ixorog,  •  charpie,' 'lint.' 
The  introduction  of  lint  into  an  ulcer  or  wound. 

DIANA,  Argentum. 

DIANAXCAS'MUS,  from  Sta,  and  avayKa^^, 
'  1  force.'  Coaptation,  reduction  of  a  fractured 
or  luxated  limb. 

DIANOEMA,  Imagination. 

DIAN'THUS  CARYOPHYL'LUS,  from  Atg, 
Ato;,  'Jove.'  [?]  ar&os,  '  flower,'  and  caryopJiyllnm, 
'  the  clove.'  Clove  Pink.  Also  called  Curyo- 
phyl'lum  ruhnim,  Tu'nica,  T.  horf en' sis  sen  rubra, 
Gary ophyl' Ills  horten'sis,  Clove  July  flower,  GiV- 
liflower,  Oarna'tion,  (Sc.)  Jeroffleris,  Geraflonris. 
Order,  CaryophylleEe.  (F.)  (Eillet  giroflee.  The 
flowers  were  once  much  used;  but  are  now  only 
employed  in  syrup,  as  a  useful  and  pleasant 
vehicle  for  other  medicines. 

DIAPAL'MA,  Phop.nic"ium  Emplas'trum.  A 
plaster  composed  of  equal  parts  of  litharge,  olive 
oil,  axunge,  water,  a  certain  quantity  of  sulphate 
of  zinc  dissolved  in  water,  and  vjhite  wax.  It  is 
classed  amongst  the  topical,  desiecative,  emol- 
lient, resolvent,  detersive,  and  cicatrizing  medi- 
cines. Mixed  with  a  quarter  of  its  weight  of 
olive  oil,  it  acquires  the  consistence  of  an  oint- 
ment, and  forms  the  Cerate  of  Diapal'ma. 

DIAPASMA,  Catapasma. 

DIAPEDE'SIS,  Transuda'tio,  Persuda'tio, 
Persulta'tio,  from  Sia-irrjiau),  {iia,  and  -njiaa,)  'I 
leap  through.'  Exhalation,  as  of  blood,  in  the 
form  of  dew,  at  the  surface  of  the  skin,  or  of  any 
membrane;  Sweating  of  blood,  (F.)  Sueur  de  Sang, 
Hamorrhag"ia  per  diapede'sin,  Hmmatopiede' sis, 
Hamidro'sis. 

DIAPENSIA  CORTUSA,  Sanieala. 
DIAPEN'TBS  or  DIAPENTE,  from  bia,  and 
■KtvTrj,  'five.'     A  medicine   composed  of  five  in- 
gredients.    See  Diatessaron. 

DIAPHCE'NICON,  Diaphce'nix,  Medicamen'- 
tnm  ex  Pal'mulis,  from  i5ia,  and  (f>oivi^,  (poiviKos,  'a 
date.'  A  drastic  electuary,  of  which  the  date  was 
the  chief  excipient. 

DIAPHORE'SIS,  from  l>ia(t,npto>  {ha,  and 
ifiopm,  'I  convey,')  'I  dissipate.'  (Y.)  Diapho- 
rese.    A  greater  degree  of  perspiration  than  natu- 


ral, but  less  than  in  sweating.     Every  kind  of 
cutaneous  evacuation. 

DIAPHORET'IC.  Same  etymon.  Diapno'- 
ieus,  Dicqihoret'icus,  (F.)  Diaphorefique.  A 
medicine  which  excites  diaphoresis.  Diaphore- 
tics are  very  uncertain  as  a  class.  The  following 
is  a  list  of  the  most  reputed : — Ammonise  Acetatis 
Liquor;  Ammonise  Carbonas  ;  Antimonialis  pul- 
vis ;  Antimonii  et  Potassas  Tartras ;  Antimonii 
Sulphuretum  prsecipitatum ;  Asclepias  tuberosa; 
Camphora;  Contrayerva ;  Dulcamara;  Eupato- 
rium  perfoliatum  ;  Guaiaci  Lignum  ;  Guaiacum  ; 
Ipecacuanha;  Mezereum;  Opium,  and  its  active 
principle  Morphia;  Sarsaparilla;  Sassafras  ;  Ser- 
pentaria;  Spiritus  ^theris  Nitrici;  Sulphur; 
Xanthoxylum;  Caloric;  Exercise,  (active ;)  and 
Friction. 

The  epithet  Diaphoretic  has  also  been  given, 
by  some,  to  continued  fever,  accompanied  with 
constant  perspiration. 

Diaphoretic,  Mineral,  Antimonium  diapho- 
reticum. 

DIAPHORETICUM  JOVIALE,  see  Anti- 
hectic. 

DI'APHRAGM,  Biaphrag'ma,  Diciplirax'is, 
Respirato' rium  Yentris,  Discreto'rium,  Phrenes, 
Septum  transver'sum,  Discri'men  Thora'cis  et 
Ventris,  Visceptum,  Cine'tus,  Diazo'ma,  PrcB- 
cinc'tus,  Diazos'mn,  Diazos'tra,  Hypezo'cus,  Hy- 
pozo'ma,  Perizo'ma,  Dissep'tiim,  Dibsip>'ium,  PrcB- 
cor'dia,  Succin'gens  membra'na  seu  mns'culus, 
Succinc'tus,  Succinctu' ra,  the  Ilidriff,  (Prov.) 
Heart-seirts,  from  &ia,  'between,'  and  fpaaaw,  'I 
close.'  A  large,  azygous  muscle  ;  stretched  trans- 
versely between  the  thoracic  and  abdominal  cii- 
vities,  which  it  separates  from  each  other;  tendi- 
nous in  the  centre;  thin,  almost  circular,  and  un- 
equally convex,  upwards.  It  is  fleshy  at  its  cir- 
cumference, which  is  attached  to  the  cartilago 
ensiformis,  to  the  last  six  ribs,  to  the  aponeurosis 
stretched  from  the  last  rib  to  the  transverse  pro- 
cess of  the  first  lumbar  vertebra  ;  and,  lastly,  to 
the  bodies  of  the  first  three  or  four  lumbar  verte- 
br£e,  When  it  contracts,  its  fibres  become  straight, 
the  chest  is  enlarged,  and  the  abdomen  dimin- 
ished. It  is  then  an  inspiratory  muscle.  It  may, 
also,  diminish  the  capacity  of  the  chest,  and  be 
an  expiratory  muscle.  The  muscle  plays  an  im- 
portant part  in  sighing,  yawning,  coughing,  sneez- 
ing, laughing,  sobbing,  crying,  hiccoughing,  sing- 
ing, vomiting,  and  excretion  of  the  fseces  and 
urine,  the  expulsion  of  the  foetus,  &c. 

DIAPHRAGMA  AURIS,  see  Tympanum— d. 
Cerebri,  Tentorium  —  d.  Narium,  Septum  narium 
—  d.  Ventriculorum  lateralium  cerebri,  Septum 
luoidum. 

DIAPHRAGMAL'GIA,  Biaphrngmatal'gia, 
from  Sia(ppayiia,  SiaippaynaTo;,  '  the  diaphragm,' 
and  a\yos.  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  diaphragm. 

DIAPHRAGMATALGIA,  Diaphragmalgia. 

DIAPHRAGMAT'IC,  Diajjhragmat'icus,  (F.) 
Diajihragmatique.  Belonging  to  the  diaphragm. 
A  name  given  to  several  vessels  and  nerves. 

Diaphragmat'ic  or  Phrenic  Ar'teries.  These 
are  distinguished  into  superior  and  inferior.  The 
former,  called,  also,  supradiaphragmai'ic,  are 
two  in  number,  one  on  each  side.  They  arise  from 
the  internal  mammary,  and  descend  along  the 
phrenic  nerve,  to  be  distributed  on  the  upper 
surface  of  the  diaphragm.  The  latter  or  infra- 
diaphrngmat'ic  are  also  two  in  number.  They 
arise  from  the  upper  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta, 
or  from  the  cceliao  artery,  and  divide  into  two 
principal  branches,  which  are  distributed  on  the 
lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm  and  in  its  sub- 
stance. • 

The  superior  diaphragmat'ic  veins  follow  the 
same  course  as  the  arteries,  and  empty  them- 
selves—  the  right,  into  the  vena  cava  superior ; 


DIAPHRAGMATITIS 


293 


DIARTHRODIAL 


the  left,  into  the  corresponding  subclavian  vein. 
The  two  inferior  diaphragmatic  veins  open  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior. 

Diaphragmat'ic  Her'nia,  Phrenic  Hernia, 
Difiphragmatoce'le.  The  abdominal  viscera  are 
occasionally  protruded  through  the  diaphragm, 
either  through  some  of  the  natural  apertures  in 
the  muscle,  or  through  deficiencies,  or  wounds, 
or  lacerations  in  it. 

Diaphragmat'ic  or  Phrexic  Nerves,  Inter- 
nal respiratory  of  Sir  Charles  Bell,  are  two  in 
number;  one  on  the  left  side,  the  other  on  the 
right.  They  arise  from  the  second  and  third 
nerves  of  the  cervical  plexus,  about  the  middle 
of  the  neck,  and  receive  two  or  three  filaments 
from  the  brachial  plexus,  after  which  they  de- 
scend into  the  chest  at  the  sides  of  the  pericar- 
dium, and  are  distributed  on  the  diaphragm. 

Diaphragmat'ic  Plex'dses  are  two  in  num- 
ber; one  right,  and  the  other  left.  They  arise 
from  the  upper  part  of  the  solar  plexus,  by  a 
small  number  of  branches,  which  are  distributed 
to  the  diaphragm,  following  exactly  the  branches 
of  the  inferior  diaphragmatic  arteries. 

Diaphragmat'ic  Pi,ixg,  (F.)  Anneau  diapkrag- 
matiqtie  of  Chaussier,  is  a  name  given  to  the 
irregularly  quadrilateral  aperture  by  which  the 
vena  cava  inferior  passes  through  the  diaphragm. 

DIAPHRAGMATITIS,  Diaphragmitis. 

DIAPHRAGMATOCELE,  see  Hernia. 

DIAPHRAGMI'TIS,  from  ^ia<ji,^)ay/^a,  '  the  dia- 
phragm,' and  itis,  a  sufSx  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Diaphragmati'tis,  Iiijlamma'tio  septi  tram- 
ver'si,  Paraphreni'tis,  Ernpresnia  Pleuri'tis  Dia- 
2'jhragmat' ica,  Parajihrene' sis  Diaphi'ngmat'ica, 
Inflammation  of  the  Di'aphragm.  The  terms, 
Paraphreni'tis  and  Paraphrene'sis  have  been 
obtained  from  the  Peripatetic  philosophy,  which 
supposed  the  seat  of  the  <p(>'iv  or  soul  to  be  the 
pra3cordia.  The  essential  symptoms  of  diaphrag- 
mitis are  : — painful  constriction  around  the  prse- 
eordia,  with  small,  quick,  laborious  breathing.  It 
is  a  rare  disease. 

DIAPIIRATTOX  HTMEX,  Mediastinum— d. 
Membrana,  Mediastinum. 

DIAPHRAXIS,  Diaphragm. 

DIAPH'THORA,  Destmc'tio,  from  ha,  and 
(p^eipetv,  'to  corrupt.'  Corruption  in  general; 
more  especially  corruption  of  the  foetus  in  utero. 
— Hippocrates.  Also,  corruption  of  the  blood  in 
the  stomach. — Galen.     See  Abortion. 

DIAPHYLACTIC,  Prophylactic. 

DIAPH'YSIS,  from  iiaipvio,  'I  rise  between.' 
Interstit"ium,  Discrimina'tio  :  'an  interstice,  in- 
terval, division.'  Any  thing  that  separates  two 
bodies.  Also,  the  middle  part  or  body  of  a  long 
bone.  Corpus  Ossis.  One  of  the  ligaments  of  the 
knee. — Hippocrates,  Pare. 

DIA'PIA.  Some  lexicographers  use  this  word 
synonymously  with  Diapyesis  or  Suppuration, 
others  have  employed  it  in  opposition  to  Myopia. 

DIAPLASIS,  Conformation,  Reduction. 

DIAPLASMUS,  Conformation,  Reduction. 

DIAPNEUSIS,  Perspiration. 

DIAPNOE,  Perspiration. 

DIAPNCEA,  Perspiration. 

DIAPNOGENOUS  APPARATUS,  see  Per- 
spiration. 

DIAPNOICUS,  Diaphoretic. 

DIAPOPHYSES,  Transverse  processes  of  the 
vertebrae. 

DIAPORE'MA.  Anxiety,  jactitation ;  from 
iia-^opew,  '  I  doubt.' 

DIAPRU'NUM,  Diacocci/me'lon.    A  purgative 


electuary,  of  which  the  pulps  of  prunes  and  rhu- 
barb formed  the  basis.  By  adding  to  ihe  din- 
prunum  sim2]lex  a  24th  part  of  powdered  scam- 
mony,  the  Diapru'num  resoluti' cum  seu  cornpos'- 
itum  was  formed.  It  was  more  active  than  the 
former. 

DIAPYEMA,  Empyema,  Suppuration. 

DIAPYESIS,  Suppuration  — d.  Oculi,  Hypo- 
pyon. 

DIAPYET'ICA,  Dijapiye'mata,  from  iiairvma, 
SiaiTvriais,  (ha,  and  tzvov,  '  pus,')  'suppuration.' 
Medicines  which  promote  suppuration. 

DIAPYETICUS,  Suppurative. 

DIAR^'MIA,  (F.)  Diaremie,  from  Sia, 
'through,'  p£u,  'I  flow,'  and  'ai/ja,  'blood.'  A 
pathological  condition,  said  to  be  common  in 
sheep,  in  which  the  globules  of  the  blood  are  di- 
minished in  quantity;  the  blood  itself  thinner, 
and  transuding  through  the  coats  of  the  vessels 
into  the  cavities. — Delafore. 

BIAREIIIE,  Diai-a?mia. 

DIARIA,  Ephemera. 

DIARRHAGE,  Fracture. 

DIARRHCE'A,  from  ha,  'through,'  and  piw, 
'  I  flow.'  Enterorrhce'a,  Incondnen'tia  alvi,  Alvi 
2}roJlu'vium  seu  fluxus  aquo'sns,  Ventris  piroflu'- 
vium,  Coeliorrhoi' a ,  Cceliol'ysis,  Alvus  cita,  Oaca- 
to'ria,  Coprorrhoe'a,  Qatar' rhus  iniestina'lis,  Alvi 
fluxus,  liheuma,  Epiiiih'ora  Alvi,  Fluxus  alvi'nus, 
Lax'itas  cdvi,  Defiux' io.  Lax,  Looseness,  Purging, 
Scouring,  (Sc.)  Scour,  (Prov.)  Hay,  Scutter, 
Skitter,  (F. )  Diarrhea,  Deuoieinent,  Catarrhe  in- 
testinal, Flux  de  Ventre,  Cours  de  Ventre,  Cou- 
rante.  A  disease  characterized  by  frequent  liquid 
alvine  evacuations,  and  generally  owing  to  in- 
flammation or  irritation  of  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  intestines.  It  is  commonly  caused  by 
errors  in  regimen,  the  use  of  food  noxious  by  its 
quality  or  quantity,  &c.,  constituting  the  l)iar- 
rhoe'a  stercora'ria.  D.  Grapulo'sa  of  writers.  It 
may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Many  varieties  have 
been  made  by  some  nosologists — e.  g.  mucous, — 
Diarrhoe'a  muco'sa,  Blcnnoche'sia,  Blennoche'zia, 
Mycodiarrhoe' a  ;  hiliouB,  —  Ileo-cholo' sis,  Diar- 
rhoe'a bilio'su;  serous, — Hijdroche'zia,  Hydrodi- 
arrhoe'a,  Orrhochc'zia ;  dependent  upon  the 
matters  evacuated.  Diarrhoea  requires  different 
treatment,  according  to  its  nature.  If  caused,  as 
it  often  is,  by  improper  matters  in  the  intestinal 
canal,  these  must  be  evacuated  ;  and  the  astrin- 
gent plan  of  treatment  must  not  be  adopted,  unless 
the  discharges  seem  kept  up  by  irritability  of  the 
intestines,  or  unless  they  are  colliquative.  The 
indiscriminate  use  of  astringents  is  to  be  depre- 
cated. 

A  very  fatal  diarrhoea  prevails  amongst  the 
native  inhabitants  of  India,  to  which  Mr.  Tytler 
has  given  the  name  Diarrhm' a  hec'tica,  because, 
like  hectic  fever,  it  seems  to  obtain  habitual  pos- 
session of  the  constitution,  to  operate  upon  it 
with  scarcely  any  perceptible  intermission,  and, 
in  general,  to  defy  the  most  powerful  remedies. 

Diarrhoea  Adiposa,  Gras-fondure  —  d.  cum 
Apepsia,  Lientery  —  d.  Arthritica,  Coeliagra — d. 
Biliosa,  see  Diarrhoea — d.  Carnosa,  D5'sentery — 
d.  Chylosa,  Coeliac  flux — d.  Chymosa,  Coeliac  flux 
— d.  Crapulosa,  see  Diarrhosa— d.  Cruenta.  Hse- 
matochezia — d.  Dyspeptica,  Lientery — d.  Hepa- 
tica,  Hepatirrhoea — d.  Ingestorum,  Lientery — d. 
Lienteria,  Lientery — d.  Mucosa,  see  Diarrhoea — 
d.  Purulenta,  Pyochezia — d.  Sangninolenta,  Haj- 
matochezia — d.  Stercoraria,  see  Diarrhoea — d.  in 
Urina,  Diabetes — d.  Urinosa,  Diabetes. 

DIARRHOIS'CHESIS,  from  Diarrhoea,  and 
a^eat;,  'arrest.'     Arrest  of  a  diarrhoea. 

DIARTHRO'DIAL,  Diarthrodia'lis.  Relating 


DIARTHROSIS 


294 


DIASTOLE 


to  diarthrosis  or  movable  articulations ;  as  diar- 
thro'dial  articulation.  Biarthro'dinl  cartilages 
or  incrusting  cartilages  are  the  cartilages  which 
invest  the  articular  extremities  of  bones. 

DIARTHRO'SIS,  from  oiap^pou,  {^la,  and 
apSpou),)  '  I  articulate.'  Dearticula'tio,  Prosar- 
thro'sis,  Aparthro'sis,  Aharticula'tio,  Coarticula' - 
tio,  Ferarticula'tio,  liota'tio,  (F.)  Emhoitiire.  A 
movable  articulation.  One  which  permits  the 
bones  to  move  freely  on  each  other  in  every  di- 
rection, as  in  the  case  of  the  shoulder  joint. 

DIASATYR'ION,  from  bta,  and  ijarvpLov,  'the 
orchis  mascida.'  An  electuary,  of  which  this 
plant  formed  the  basis.  [?]— Myrepsus.  The  an- 
cients attributed  to  it  the  faculty  of  exciting  the 
organs  of  generation. 

DIASCINCI  ANTIDOTUS,  Mithridate. 

BIASCOR'DIUM,  from  &ia,  and  cKopStov,  'the 
water  germander.'  An  electuary,  so  called  be- 
cause this  plant  entered  into  its  composition. 
The  Parisian  codex  had  a  formula  for  its  prepa- 
ration, under  the  title,  Electua'rium  opia'tuni^as- 
trin'gens  seu  diascor' dium.  (E.  fol.  scord,  giss, 
rosar.  rubr.,  bistort,  rad.,  gentiancB,  tormentiUa, 
eera.  berber.  aa  gss,  zingib.,  piper,  long,  aa  gij, 
cassice  lignecB,  cinnamom.,  dictumn.  Cretens.,  sty- 
rac.  calamit.,  galhnn.,  gum.  acacia  aa  ^ss,  bol. 
oriental. prcBpnr.  §ij,  extract,  vinos,  opii.  gij,  mel. 
vosat.  prcB]}-  R>ij,  vin.  his})an.  R)ss:  fiat  electua- 
rium.)  In  place  of  the  styrax  culamita,  the  bal- 
sam of  tola  or  benjamin  may  be  used.  The  opium 
is,  in  this  preparation,  in  the  proportion  of  1  to 
ISi.  The  diascordium  is  employed  in  diarrhoea 
iind  dysentery,  as  a  tonic,  stomachic,  and  astrin- 
gent. The  common  dose  is  from  a  scruple  to  a 
drachm  and  a  hiilf.  See  Pulvis  eretae  eom- 
positus. 

DIASOSTIC,  Prophylactic. 

DIASPASIS,  Divulsio. 

DIASPER'MATON,  from  iia,  and  c-cp^a, 
DTTepiJuirog.  The  ancient  name  of  two  cataplasms, 
composed  of  seeds. — Galen,  Paulus. 

DIASPHYX'IS,  from  ita,  and  cr4>v^o>,  'I  strike, 
I  beat,'  Pulse.  Also,  a  violent  beat  of  the 
pulse. 

DIASTAL'TIC,  DiastaVticm ;  from  ita, 
'through,'  and  ctcXXm,  'I  send.'  An  epithet  ap- 
plied by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  the  reflex  or  excito- 
motory  system  of  nerves;  because  the  actions 
they  induce  are  performed  'through'  the  spinal 
marrow  as  their  essential  centre. 

DIASTALTICUS,  Diastolic. 

DIASTASiE'MIA,  (F.)  Diastasemie,  from  ^lao-- 
Ta(7ig,  'separation,'  and  'aijua,  'blood.'  A  patho- 
logical condition,  characterized  by  a  separation 
of  the  elements  of  the  blood  globules  ; — the  fibrin 
and  albumen  separating  also  from  the  colouring 
matter,  whilst  the  fibrin  attaches  itself  to  the 
valves  of  the  heart. — Delafore. 

DIASTASE.  Same  etymon  as  Diastasis.  A 
vegetable  principle,  allied  in  its  general  proper- 
ties to  gluten,  which  appears  in  the  germination 
of  barley  and  other  seeds,  and,  by  its  presence, 
converts  the  starch  into  sugar  and  gum. 

DIASTASEMIE,  Diastasajmia. 

DIAS'TASIS,  from  hia,  and  larrini,  'to  place,' 
'separation,'  'distance.'  Diaste'ma,  Dissiden'tia. 
A  separation  of  bones,  and  particularly  of  the 
bones  of  the  cranium,  from  each  other;  of  the 
radius  from  the  ulna,  and  the  fibula  from  the 
tibia.  The  ancients  used  this  word  to  designate 
the  three  dimensions  of  tho  body, — length, 
breadth,  and  thickness;  for  the  interval  separat- 
ing the  patient  from  the  physician;  the  swelling 


of  varicose  veins ;  the  time  at  which  some  change 
occurred  in  disease,  <Sse. 

DIASTEMA,  Diastasis,  Interstice. 
DIASTEMATELYT'RIA,  from  iiacTtijia,  'in- 
terstice,' and  eXvrpov,  'vagina.'     An  organic  de- 
viation, characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division. 
or  fissure  of  the  vagina.- — Breschet. 

DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA,  from  Siaamp'-a, 
and  EyKt(paXos,  'the  brain.'  An  organic  deviation, 
consisting  in  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  brain. 
— Breschet. 

DIASTEMA'TIA,  from  SiaarrnAa.  A  term  em- 
ployed by  Breschet  for  an  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  the  presence  of  a  fissure  in  the 
mesial  line  of  the  body. 

DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA,  from  Siaarri^a,  and 
KavXog,  '  trunk.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  trunk. 

DIASTEMATOCHEI'LIA,  from  Siacrnpia,  and 
;!(;£(Aof,  'the  lip.'  An  organic  deviation,  consist- 
ing in  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
lip. 

DIASTEMATOCRA'NIA,  from  lianrr)jxn,  and 
Kpaviov,  '  the  cranium.'  An  organic  deviation, 
consisting  in  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  cra- 
nium. 

DIASTEMATOCYS'TIA,  from  hwrrma,  and 
KvoTii,  '  bladder.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  urinary 
bladder. 

DIASTEMATOGAS'TRIA,  from  haoTviia,  and 
■yaarvp,  'the  stomach.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
stomach. 

DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA,  from  isacrripia,  and 
y\b)aaa,  'tongue.'  An  organic  deviation,  chariic- 
terized  by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
tongue. 

DIASTEMATOGNA'THIA,  from  iiacTviia, 
and  yvaQoi,  'jaw.'  An  organic  deviation  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  jaw. 

DIASTEMATOME'TRIA,  from  haarripa,  and 
prirpa,  'womb.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
womb. 

DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA,  from  kacTrj,j.a,  and 
■nvtXoi,  'pelvis.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of 
the  pelvis. 

DIASTEMATORA'CHIA,  from  hiaamiia,  and 
ca;Y'?>  'spine.'  An  organic  deviation,  characte- 
rized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
spine. 

DIASTEMATORHI'NIA,  from  hiaampa,  and 
piv,  'the  nose.'  An  organic  deviation,  cliaraete- 
rized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  nose. 

DIASTEMATOSTAPIIYL'IA,  from  liaarviia, 
and  araipv'XT),  'uvula.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
uvula. 

DIASTEMATOSTERN'IA,  from  hacrnna,  and 
cT£pvov,  '  the  sternum.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
sternum. 

DIASTEMENTER'IA,  from  iiaarrtfia,  and 
tvTEpov,  'intestine.'  An  organic  deviation,  cha 
racterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  in- 
testine. 

DIAS'TOLE,  from  kaari.y^'Xoi,  (Sia  and  cteWu), 
'I  send,')  'I  dilate,'  'I  open.'  Relaxa'tio  seu 
Remis'sio  cordis  et  arteria'rum.  Dilatation  of 
the  heart  and  arteries,  when  the  blood  enters 
their  cavities.  It  is  the  opposite  movement  to 
systole,  in  which  the  heart  and  arteries  contract 


DIASTOLEUS 


295 


DIDYMUS 


to  send  forth  the  blood.  Diastole  and  systole  are,  |i 
consequently,  suc-cessive  movements.  Diastole,  i 
3fotus  cordis  diastal'ticiis,  occurs  simultaneonsly  ] 
in  the  two  ventricles.  The  almost  inappreciable  ii 
time,  which  elapses  between  the  diastole  and  ij 
systole  has  been  called  perisys'tole,  and  that  jj 
which  succeeds  to  the  diastole,  peridiastole.  1] 
When  we  speak  of  the  contraction  or  systole  of  [j 
the  heart,  as  well  as  of  its  diastole  or  dilatation, 
we  mean  that  of  the  ventricles.  This  dilatation 
is  actii'e. 

DIASTOLEUS,  Dilator. 

DIAS'TOLIC,  Diastol'icus,  Diastal'ticiis; 
same  etymon.  Belonging  to  the  diastole  of  the 
heart — as  'diastolic  impulse  of  the  heart.' 

Diastolic  Iiipulse  of  the  Heart,  see  Im- 
pulse, diastolic. 

DIASTOMO'TRIS,  from  liauToixou),  (Sia,  and 
cTOfxa,  'mouth.')  'I  dilate  an  aperture.'  Dilat- 
ing instruments,  such  as  the  different  kinds  of 
specula  for  the  mouth,  anus,  vagina,  &c. 

DIASTREMMA,  Distortion,  Perversion, 
Sprain. 

DI A  STROPHE,  Distortion,  Perversion, 
Sprain. 

DIAT'ASIS,  Disten'sio,  from  Siaruvoi,  (Sta, 
and  TEii'M,  'I  stretch,')  'I  distend.'  Tension. 
The  reduction  of  a  fracture  by  extension  and 
counter-extension, 

DIATES'SAROIT,  from  ha,  and  rtaaap^s,  '  four.' 
An  electuary,  into  the  composition  of  which  en- 
tered four  medicines;  viz.  the  roots  of  gentian, 
aristolochia  rotunda  and  hay-herries,  each  ,^ij. 
Tioney  Ibij.  The  whole  was  incorporated  with 
extract  of  juniper.  The  diapentes  is  nothing 
more  than  this  electuary,  mixed  with  two  ounces 
of  ivory  shavings.  The  diatessaron  is  tonic,  and 
it  was  formerly  employed  in  cases  of  stings  and 
bites  of  venomous  animals.  It  was  regarded  as 
emmenagogue,  alexiterial,  and  alexipharmic. 

DIATH'ESIS,  from  Sianeni^h  {Sia,  and  Tienixt, 
'to  place,')  'I  dispose.'  Disposition,  constitu- 
tion, affection  of  the  body :  predisposition  to  cer- 
tain diseases  rather  than  to  others; — (F.)  Immi- 
nence morbide.  The  principal  diatheses,  men- 
tioned by  authors,  are  the  cancerous,  scrofulous, 
scorbutic,  rheumatic,  gouty  and  calculous. 

Diathesis  H^morrhoidalis,  see  Hsemor- 
rhoids — d.  Hemorrhagic,  Hematophilia — d.  Ner- 
vosa, Nervous  diathesis — d.  Purulenta,  see  Pyo- 
hsemia — d.  Pbheumatic,  see  Rheumatic — d. 
Sthenica,  Sthenia. 

DIATRAGACAN'THUS.  A  powder,  com- 
posed of  gum  tragacantli,"^!^,  gum  Arabic,  "^j  and 
gij,  starch,  §ss,  liquorice,  ^uj,  as  much  of  the 
seeds  of  the  melon,  and  tvhite  poppy  ;  seeds  of  the 
water-melon,  cucumber,  and  gourd,  and  sugar 
iiandy  ^iij.     It  was  used  as  a  demulcent. 

DIATRESIS,  Perforation. 

DIATRIMMA,  Chafing. 

DTATRINSANTALON,  see  Diatrion. 

DIATRI'ON,  Diatri'um,  from  i^ta.  and  rptig, 
'three.'  A  medicine  composed  of  three  ingre- 
dients. There  were  formerly  two  kinds.  The 
first  was  called  Diatri'um  Pipe'reon  spe'cies,  and 
was  formed  of  blade  and  long  pepper,  aniseed, 
thyme,  and  ginger.  It  was  highly  stimulating. 
The  second  .species  was  known  under  the  name, 
Diatrinsnn' talon,  Diatri'um  Santalo'rum,  pulvis, 
or  Poicder  of  the  three  Sanders.  They  were  con- 
sidered diaphoretic. 

D I A  T  R  I T  A'  R 1 1.  The  Methodists  were  so 
cnlled,  who  pretended  to  cure  all  diseases  by 
subjecting  the  patients  to  treatment  ever"  third 
day. 


DIAT'RITOS.  Relating  to  every  third  day, 
and  the  means  then  used  by  the  Methodists  to 
cure  disease. 

DIAZOMA,  Diaphragm. 

DIAZOSMA,  Diaphragm. 

DIAZOS'TER,  from  imil^wvvviii,  (ha,  and  ^wv- 
i'ii(j(,  'to  gird,')  'I  surround.'  The  twelfth  ver- 
tebra of  the  backj  because  it  corresponds  to  tlie 
girdle,  ^uorj/p. 

DIAZOSTRA,  Diaphragm. 

DIBOTHRIUM  LATUM,  Bothrioeephalus 
latus. 

DICEN'TRA  CANADEN'SIS,  Cory'dalis  Ca- 
naden'sis,  (Sn,  'twice,'  and  (Civrpoi/,  'a  spur.') 
Squirrel  corn.  Colic  tveed.  Family,  Fumariacese. 
An  indigenous  plant,  growing  from  Moine  to 
Wisconsin,  which  flowers  in  May,  the  flowers 
having  the  odour  of  hyacinths.  It  has  been 
given  internally  in  syphilis,  and  applied  exter- 
nally in  syphilis  and  gonorrhoea. 

DICEPHALIUM,  Bicephalium. 

DICEPH'ALUS,  Biceph'alus,  Derod'ymus  et 
lod'ymus,  Jamis,  from  Si,  'double,'  and  KzipaXri, 
'head.'     A  monster  with  two  heads. 

DICERAS  RUDIS,  Ditrachyceras  rudis,  see 
Worms. 

DICHALCON.  A  weight,  equal  to  a  third 
part  of  the  obolus. 

DICHOPHY'IA,  from  ai^a,  'double,'  and  ^uu, 
'I  grow.'  A  disease  of  the  hairs,  in  which  they 
split  and  grow  forked. 

DICHROMOS,  Verbena  ofScinalis. 

DICIATRIA,  Medicine,  legal. 

DICLIDOSTO'SIS,  from  ^ncXi?,  'a  double 
door,' and  o<7rwo-(f,  'ossification.'  Ossification  of 
valves — as  of  the  heart. 

DICLIS,  Valve. 

DICOR'YPHUS,  D/cra'jixs,  from  h,  'double,' 
Kopv(pr],  '  the  crown  of  the  head.'  A  monster  with 
a  double  vertex  or  cranium. 

DicoRYPHUS  DiHTPOGASTRirs,  Hemipages. 

DICRANUS,  Dicoryphus. 

DI'CROTUS,  Bisfer'iens,  from  iiq,  'twice,'  and 
KpoTiij),  'I  strike.'  An  epithet  given  to  the  pulse, 
when  it  seems  to  beat  twice  as  fast  as  usual.  It 
is  synonymous  with  the  term  rebounding,  the 
artery  rebounding  after  striking,  so  as  to  con- 
vey the  sensation  of  a  double  pulsation.  It  has 
been  considered,  and  with  truth,  to  frequently 
foretell  hemorrhage.  In  bad  cases  of  typhus,  it 
certainly  announces  such  a  tendency. 

DICTAMNE,  Dictamnus  albus  —  d.  de  Crete, 
Origanum  dictamnus. 

DICTAM'NUS  ALBUS,  from  Dictamnus,  a 
town  in  Crete;  D.  Fraxinel'la.  Fraxinella,  F. 
Dictamnus,  White  Fraxinel'la,  Bastard  Dittany, 
(F.)  Dictamne,  Fraxinelle.  The  fresh  root  has 
been  considered  nervine,  anthelmintic,  and  em- 
menogogue.     It  is  not  used. 

Dtctamxus  Creticds,  Origanum  dictamnus  — 
d.  Fraxinella,  Dictamnus  albus. 

DICTYITIS,  Retinitis. 

DICTYON,  Rete. 

DIDELPHYS,  Dihysteria. 

DIDYMAL'GIA,  from  Stivi^oi,  'the  testicles,' 
and  aXyo;   'pain.'     Pain  in  the  testicles. 

DIDYMIS,  Epididymis. 

DIDYMITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

DIDYMOS,  Gemellus. 

DIDYMUS,  Testicle  —  d.  Symphyogastrius, 
Gastrodidymus  —  d.   Sympbyohypogastrius,  Hy- 


DIECBOLION 


296 


DIET 


pogastrodidymus  —  d.  SjmphyoperintEUS,  Pygo- 
didymus  —  d.  Symphyothoracogastrius,  Thoraco- 
ffastrodidymus. 

'  DIECBOL'ION,  from  &ia,  and  «j3aXXa),  'I  cast 
out.'  A  name  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  a  remedy 
■which  they  believed  capable  of  producing  abor- 
tion. 

DIEEENBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Dierenbach  is  a  city  in  Bavaria,  two  leagues  from 
Tfhich  is  a  sulphurous  spring. 

DIERVIL'LA  TRIF'IDA,  D.  Canaden'sis 
seu  httea,  Bush  hwieysuckle.  An  indigenous 
plant  of  the  Honeysuckle  trihe — Lonicerese.  Ord. 
Caprifoliacese  —  whose  flowers  appear  from  June 
to  August.  It  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic;  and 
in  gonorrhcea  and  syphilis. 

DIES,  He'mera,  A  day,  (F.)  Jovr.  The  day 
is,  properly,  the  period  during  which  the  solar 
light  illumines  our  horizon  :  but  commonly,  also, 
we  designate  by  the  word  day  the  period  of  24 
hours  or  Xycthe'meron,  which  is  frequently  di- 
vided into  four  parts — morning,  midda3f,  evening, 
and  midnight.  In  antiquity,  great  importance 
was  attached  to  the  observation  of  days  in  dis- 
ease. The  medical  day  is  usually  reckoned  at 
24  hours, — universally,  in  estimating  the  duration 
of  a  disease.  In  parts  of  the  United  States,  it 
comprises  only  the  time  when  the  sun  is  above 


the  horizon,  as  regards  the  administration  of 
medicine,  so  that  if  a  medicine  be  ordered  to  ba 
taken  four  times  a  day,  it  is  understood  to  mean 
during  the  12  hours  of  day. 

Dies  Caniculares,  see  Canicula — d.  Contem- 
plabiles.  Critical  days  —  d.  Contemplantes,  Indi- 
cating days — d.  Critici,  Critical  days — d.  Decre- 
torii.  Critical  days  —  d.  Indicantes,  Indicating 
days — d.  Indicatorii,  Indicating  dnys — d.  Indices, 
Indicating  days  —  d.  Internuntii,  Critical  days  — 
d.  Judicatorii,  Critical  days — d.  Radicales,  Criti- 
cal days. 

DIET,  DicB'ta,  BicBte'ma,  Victfis  Ra'Ho,  (F.) 
Diete.  Originally,  this  word  signified  nearly  the 
same  thing  as  Hygiene  and  i?e^)"me)!,— that  is, 
Diet  was  the  employment  of  every  thing  neces- 
sary for  the  preservation  of  health  and  life.  At 
the  present  daj',  it  signifies  a  particular  kind  of 
food,  and,  at  times,  a  privation  of  food  and  drink  ; 
—  abstinence.  To  put  any  one  iipon  diet,  (F.) 
metire  qnelqu'un  d  la  diete,  means  to  deprive  him 
of  his  usual  nourishment:  —  milk  diet  means  a 
diet  of  milk,  &c.  See  Aliment,  Dietetics,  Hy- 
giene, and  Regimen. 

Every  well  regulated  hospital  has  certain  diete- 
tic regulations.  The  following  Table  of  Dietary 
shows  the  particular  regimen  that  has  been  se- 
lected for  the  sick,  in  certain  hospitals. 


DIET-TABLE    OF    DIFFERENT    HOSPITALS    OF    GREAT   BRITAIN,    IRELAND,   AND 

THE    UNITED    STATES. 


L    ENGLAND, 

London    Hospitals. 

1.  London  Hospital. 


Per  Bay j 

COMMON  DIET.                         MTDDLE  DIET. 

LOW  DIET. 

inXK  DIET. 

12  or.  Bread.            j 

1  pint  Porter,  3Ien.\ 

8  or..  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

h  pint  do.,   Women. 

Brealifast 

i  Gruel. 

Gruel. 

Gruel. 

8  oz.  Beef,  with  Po- 
tatoes,   thrice    a 
week. 

8  oz.  Mutton,  with 

The  same,  except 

that  4  oz.  of  Meat 

"  shall  be  given  in- 

Potatoes, twice  a 
week. 

stead  of  8  oz. 

Broth. 

1  pint  Milk. 

8  oz.   Potatoes  and 

Soup,witb  vegeta- 

I 

bles,twice  a  week. 

Supper 

1  pint  of  Broth. 

J 

Gruel  or  Broth. 

1  pint  Milk. 

2.  St 

Bartholomeio's  Hospital. 

r 

COMMON  DIET.           1              BEOTH  DIET. 

1 

TmN  OE  FEVER  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

Milk  Porridge. 

Milk  Porridge. 

Milk  Porridge. 

12  OZ.  Bread. 

12  OZ.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

6  oz.  Mutton  or  Beef. 

1  pint  of  Milk,  with 

2  pts.  Milk, with  Ta- 

1 pint  Broth  [with  Milk  Porridge. 

Tajjioca,     Arrow 

pioca,  Arrow-root, 

Peas  or  Potatoes,  12  oz.  Bread. 

root,Sago,orRice, 

Sago,  or  Rice,  as 

Daily -j 

4  times  a  week.]  |2  pints  Broth. 

as   may  be   pre- 

may be  prescribed. 

2  pints  Beer,  31en.  \1  pint  Beer. 

scribed. 

Barley  water. 

1  pint,   Women. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

Barley  water. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

1  oz.  Butter,  twice  a 

Bread  Pudding, 

week. 

three  times  a  week, 
when  ordered. 

DIET 


297 


DIET 


Daily 

Brealcfast . 


Dinner. 


Supper. 


3.  *S'(.  Thomas's  Hospital. 


MILK  DIET. 


14  oz.!l2  oz.  Bread. 


2  pints   Beer 

Bread. 
Water  Gniel. 
i^lb.  of  Beef  when  dress- 
ed, twice  a  week;  4oz. 

Butter,    or    6   oz.   of 

Cheese,  thrice  a  week ; 

i    lb.    Mutton   when 

boiled,  thrice  a  week. 
1  pt.  Broth,  4  times  ail  pint  Milk. 

week. 


1  pint  MUk. 

1  pint  Milk,  4  times 

a  week. 
RicePudding,  thrice 

a  week. 


14  oz.  Bread,  2  pints 
Beer. 

Water  Gruel, 

4  oz.  Butter,  4  times 
a  week;  RicePud- 
ding and  4  oz. 
of  Butter,  three 
times  a  week. 


12   oz.  Bread;  two 

pints  Beer. 
Water  Gruel, 
i  lb.  Beef,  for  tea. 


FETEB  DIET. 


4.  ,S' 

.  George's  Hospital. 

EXTRA  DIET. 

ORDIXAF.Y  DIET. 

FISH  DIET. 

FEVER  DIET. 

BROTH  DEBT. 

iniK  DIET. 

12  oz.  Bread. 
j         2 fen. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. ' 

1  pint  Beer. 

Barley  Water 

Daily 

,2  pints  Beer. 
1        Wmnen. 
\\.h  pint  Beer. 

ad  libitum. 

Breal'fast , 

:1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

!i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

\  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

12  oz.  Meat, 

roasted 

4  oz.  of  plain 

Arrow-root 

1  pint  Broth 

IJ  pint  Rice. 

(weighed 

One-half  of 

boiled  white 

<tc.,  must  be 

6   oz.   light 

Milk  four 

with  the  bone 

the  meat  al- 

fish (as  Whi- 

specially di- 

Pudding. 

days. 

Dinner.. . .  \ 

before  it  is 

lowed  for  ex- 

ting, Plaice, 

rected. 

dressed)  four 

tra  diet. 

Flounders,  or 

i  lb.  Bread  or 

days,— boiled; 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

Haddock.) 

Rice  Pudding 

three  days,  i 

three  days. 

lb.  Potatoes. 

Supper.. . . 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

i  pint  Llilk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk,    ji  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

5.  Guy's  Hospital. 


1 

r 

rCLL  DIET. 

MIDDLE   DIET.                      LOW  DIET. 

jnXK  DIET. 

FEVER  DIET. 

14  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread.       |  12  oz.  Bread. 

6  OZ.  Bread. 

li  oz.  Butter. 

U  oz.  Butter. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

1  OZ.  Butter. 

Daily 

1  qt.  Table  Beer. 

Ipt.  Table  Beer. 

Tea  and  Sugar. 

2  pints  Milk. 

Tea  and  Sugar. 

8  oz.  Meat,  when 

4  oz.  Meat,  when 

dressed. 

dressed,  and 
i  pint  Broth. 

Half  a  pound  of  Beef,  (for  Beef-tea,)  or  Arrow- 
root or  Sago,  when  ordered. 

For  each  Diet,  Gruel  or  Barley-water,  as  required. 

6.   Westminster  Hospital. 


Rpoov,  OR.           T^'■fn'^^  A  tit.hr' 

FULL  DIET.               MIDDLE   DIET. 

FEVER  DIET.      j              DIET. 

1 

Fixed. 

Casual. 

Daily 

14  OZ.  Bread.     10  oz.  Bread. 

h  lb.  Bread. 

— 

S  lb.  Bread. 

S  lb.  Bread. 

J-  lb.  Meat. 

lib.  Potatoes. 

i  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Porter. 

Brealcfast  < 

1  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Tea, 

— 

1   pint   Tea, 

Porridge,  or 

Porridge,  or 

with  Sugar 

with  Sugar 

Rice  Gruel. 

thin  Gruel. 

and  Milk. 

and  Milk. 

Dinner . .  - 

i  lb.  Meat, 

roasted,  boiled, 

or  cliops. 

I  lb.  IMeat, 

roasted,  boiled, 

or  chops. 

No  fixed  Diet 
for  Dinner. 

1  pint  Broth, 
or  i  lb.  of 

Bread,  or  Rice 
Pudding,  or 

Barley  Water. 

i  lb.  of  Pota-li  lb.  of  Pota- 

Ipt, Beef  Tea, 

toes. 

toes. 

or  a  Chop, 
or  Fish. 

r 

1  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Tea, 

— 

1   pint   Tea, 

Supper . ,  < 

Porridge,  or 

Porridge,  or 

with  Sugar 

with  Sugar 

I 

Rice  Gruel. 

thin  Gruel.    |    and  Milk. 

and  Milk.     1                          1 

19 


DIET 


298 


DIET 


7.  Middlesex  Hospital. 


DLETA  CAENIS, 

DliETA  JUSCUIJ, 

MfflTA  LACTIS, 

DiaiTA   SIMPLES, 

1 

OR 

OR 

OE 

OR 

CAUCER  DIET. 

Daily  . .  •  • 

MEAT   DIET. 

SOUP   DIET. 

MELK   DIET. 

SIMPLE   DIET. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

6  oz.  Bread. 

12  OZ.  Bread. 

i  lb  Meat. 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

1  pint  Milk. 

Breakfast. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk, 

1  pint  Barley- 
water. 

c 

Physician's  Patients. 

1  pint    Soup, 

i  pint  of  Milk 

1  pint  Gruel. 

i  lb.  of  Potatoes,  4  oz. 

made  with    4 

with  Rice-pud- 

dressed meat,  (beef  or 

oz.  Beef,  alter- 

ding, 4  days. 

mutton,)     roast     and 

nately  with  1 

and  with  Bat- 

boiled   alternately,   4 

pint  of  Broth 

ter-pudding,  3 

days. 

with  Barley. 

days. 

Dinner  .  - 

4  oz.  Meat  in  Soup,  3 
days. 

Surgeon's  Patients. 
1  lb.  of  Potatoes,  4  oz. 
dressed  meat,  (beef  or 
mutton,)     roast     and 
boiled  alternately. 

f 

1  pint  Gruel  alternately 

1  pint  Gruel. 

i  pint  Milk  or 

1  pint   Gruel 

Supper  . < 

with  1  pint  of  Barley- 

1  pint  Gruel. 

or  Barley-wa- 

1 

Tcater. 

ter. 

8.  Nortli  London  Hospital. 


Daily 

FULL  DIET. 

MIDDLE   DLET. 

LOW  DIET. 

MILK   DIET. 

16  oz.  Broad. 

i  pint  Milk. 

h  lb.  Meat  and  ^  lb. 

Potatoes  4  days. 
i  pt.  Soup  or  Rice 

3  days. 

16  oz.  Bread. 
i  pint  Milk. 
1   pint   Soup    or 
Rice. 

8  oz.  Bread. 

I  pint  Milk. 

Oatmeal  for 

Gruel. 

17  oz.  Bread. 
2  pints  Milk. 

9.  King's  College  Hospital. 


f 

FULL   DIET. 

MIDDLE  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

LOW    DIET. 

FEVER  DIET. 

1  pint  Beer,  or 

Daily 

■1 

J  pint  Porter. 
14  oz.  Bread. 

14  oz.  Bread. 

1  lb.  Bread, 

8  oz.  Bread, 



Breakfast . . 

•{ 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Gniel. 

Dinner  . . . 

•! 

i  lb.  Meat. 
i  lb.  Potatoes. 

i  lb.  Meat. 
-I  lb.  Potatoes. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Broth. 

2  pints  Barley- 
water. 

Supper  . .  . 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

10.  Dreadnought  Hospital  Ship, 


Breakfast. . .  \ 

Dinner -{ 

I 
Supper < 

FULL  DIET. 

ORDINARY  DIET. 

LOW  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

FEVER  DIET. 

1  pint  Tea. 
1  lb.  Bread. 

1  lb.  Meat. 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

2  pints    Beer, 
(if  ordered.) 

1  pint  Broth. 

Ditto. 

Ditto. 
\  lb.  Meat, 
i  lb.  Potatoes. 
1  pint  Beer,  (if 
ordered.) 

1  pint  Broth  or 
Gruel. 

Ditto. 
^  lb.  Bread. 

1  pint  of  Beef 
Tea. 

1  pint  Gruel  or 
Milk,  (if  or- 
dered. 

Ditto. 
1  lb.  Bread. 

1  pint  Milk, 
1  pint  Milk, 

Ditto. 

Gruel. 

Gruel  or  Bar- 
ley-water. 

DIET 


299 


DIET 


HOSPITALS. 


LiVEBPOOL. 


Bristol. 


Birmingham. 
Revised  1819, 


ORDINARY   DIET. 

Breakfast. — A  jjint  milk  porridge,  breaded  every  morn'g. 

Dinner. — (1,  5,  7*)  —  Boiled  beef  and  vegetables. — (2) 
— Rice,  milk,  and  bread. — (3) — Stewed  beef  and  po- 
tatoes.—(4)— Pea  soup  and  bread. — (6) — ^Ale,  gruel, 
and  bread. 

Siqyper.  —  A  pint  of  broth  and  bread  on  Sunday  and 
Thursday.  A  pint  of  milk  and  bread  on  the  other  days. 

Pull  Diet.  —  The  same  as  the  ordinary  diet. 


Breakfast. — On  Sunday,  Tuesday,  Thursday,  and  Satur- 
day, milk  porridge ;  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Fri- 
day, meat  broth ;  12  oz.  of  bread  on  meat  days ;  14 
oz.  on  the  other  days. 

Dinner. — (1,  3,  5) — Three-fourths  of  a  pound  of  meat, 
with  vegetables  ;  two  pints  of  beer  daily. — (2,  4,  6,  7) 
— A  pint  of  gruel  or  pap. 

Supper. — A  wine  pint  of  gruel  of  meal  broth  on  Sun- 
day ;  2  oz.  of  cheese  for  the  men,  one-fourth  of  an  oz. 
of  butter  for  the  women,  on  Monday,  Wednesday, 
Friday,  and  Saturday. 

Full  Diet.  —  The  patients  have  meat  every  day. 


Breakfast. — To  each  man  a  pint  and  a  half  of  milk  por- 
ridge, with  4  oz.  of  bread  added  to  it.  To  each  wo- 
man or  child,  one  pint  of  milk  porridge  without 
bread.     To  each  patient  2  oz.  of  bread  daily. 

Dinner. — (1,  3,  5) — To  each  man  8  oz.  of  baked  or  boiled 
meat;  to  each  woman  or  child,  6  oz.  To  each  patient, 
6  oz.  of  vegetables,  and  one  pint  of  beer  daily. — (2) — 
To  each  man,  a  quart  of  rice  or  barley  broth,  made 
with  a  variety  of  vegetables  ;  to  each  woman  or  child, 
one  pint  and  a  half. — (4)  —  Twelve  ounces  of  boiled 
rice  or  bread  pudding.  —  (6)  —  Four  oz.  of  boiled  or 
baked  meat,  a  pint  of  rice  or  barley  broth,  made  with 
a  variety  of  vegetables. — (7) — Six  oz.  of  baked  rice 
or  bread  pudding,  or  a  pint  of  rice  or  barley  broth, 
made  with  a  variety  of  vegetables. 

Supp>er. — A  pint  of  broth,  milk  porridge,  or  gruel. 

Full  Diet.  —  Breakfast  the  same  as  in  ordinary  diet. 
Dinner,  6  oz.  of  boiled  or  baked  meat,  6  oz.  of  vege- 
tables, 6  oz.  of  baked  rice  or  bread  pudding.  Supper, 
the  same  as  ordinary  diet. 


Consists  throughout  the 
day  of  milk  porridge, 
common  batter,  or  rice, 
pudding. 

The  ale  and  beer  are 
bought. 


Breakfast.— A  ytme  quart 
of  milk  porridge  or  milk. 

Dinner.  —  A  wine  quart 
of  weak  broth. 

Suppier.  —  The  same  as 
breakfast,  14  oz.  of 
bread,  and  barley-wa- 
ter for  common  drink. 

20  bushels  of  malt,  15  lbs. 
of  hops  to  14  gals,  of 
strong  ale  ;  21  bush,  of 
malt,  and  12  pounds  of 
hops,  to  360  gals,  of 
ale  ;  11  bush,  of  malt, 
7  pounds  of  hops,  to 
360  gals,  of  small  beer. 


Breakfast. — The  same  as 
ordinary  diet. 

Dinner. — A  pint  of  broth 
or  rice  milk,  6  oz.  of 
baked  rice  or  bread 
pudding  to  each  pa- 
tient every  day. 

Supper.  —  The  same  as 
ordinary  diet. 


II.  SCOTLAND. 


Edinburgh. 


Glasgow. 


Breakfast.  —  One  mutchkin  of  porridge,  three  gills  of 
milk  or  beer ;  or  five  and  one-fourth  ounces  of  fine 
bread,  milk  or  beer. 

Dinner.  —  (1,4)  —  One  chopin  of  broth,  8  ounces  of 
butcher's  meat  boiled  in  the  broth,  or  beef-steak  ;  five 
and  one-fourth  ounces  of  bread. —  (2,  5,  7)  —  A  chopin 
of  broth  made  of  beef  and  bones,  barley,  groats,  pota- 
toes, and  vegetables  ;  five  and  a-half  ounces  of  bread. 
— (3,  6)  —  Potato  soup,  with  beef  and  veal,  or  bones  ; 
bread  as  above. 

Supper. — As  the  breakfast  each  day. 

Full  Diet. — At  discretion. 


Brealtfast.  —  Milk  porridge,  quantity  not  limited,  with 
half  a  mutchkin  of  sweet  milk,  or  one  mutchkin  of 
buttermilk  or  beer. 

Dinner.  —  (1)  —  Broth  made  of  barley,  vegetables,  and 
the  dripping  of  the  meat  roasted  during  the  week, 
with  a  quartern  loaf  to  a  man,  and  half  to  a  woman. — 
(2,  4) — Beef  boiled  :  8  oz.  to  the  men,  and  6  oz.  to  the 
women ;  a  quartern  loaf  to  a  man,  and  half  to  a  wo- 
man,— or  vegetables. — (3,  6) — Broth,  made  with  beef, 
barley,  and  vegetables ;  a  quartern  loaf  to  men,  and 
half  to  women.  —  (5)  —  Potato  soup,  with  cow  heels, 
bones,  &c.  —  (7)  —  Six  oz.  of  cheese  to  men,  4  oz.  to 
women  ;  bread  as  above. 

Supper. — As  the  breakfast  each  day. 

Full  Diet. — At  discretion. 


At  discretion. 


At  discretion. 


*  The  figures  la  parentheses  denote  the  days  of  the  week. 


DIET 


800 


DIET 


III.  IRELAND, 


5.  Hospitals 

of  House  of 

Industry. 


Stephen's 
Hospital. 


Royal  Hos- 
pital, Phoe- 
nix Park. 


Richmond 
Hospital. 


Belfast 
Hospital. 


Cork  Fever 
Hospital. 


Per  diem. — Sixteen  oz.  of  white  bread,  one  quart  of  new 
milk,  and  one  quart  of  buttermilk  for  whey. 

Full  Diet.  —  Two  ounces  of  bread  ^:'er  diem,  one  quart 
of  broth,  one  quart  of  new  milk. 


Breakfast. — Half  a  pound  of  bread,  one  pint  of  milk. 

Dinner. — (1,  2,  3,  5,  7) — One  quart  of  soup,  half  a  pound 
of  bread,  or  two  pounds  of  potatoes  ;  one  pint  of  milk 
or  beer.  —  (4,  6)  —  Twelve  oz.  of  bread,  one  quart  of 
sweetened  gruel. 


Breakfast. — One  pint  of  oatmeal  or  rice  gruel. 
Dinner. — Half  a  pound  of  meat,  three-fourths  of  a  pound 

of  bread  ;  one  pound  of  potatoes. 
Siq^per. — One  pint  of  oatmeal  or  rice  gruel. 
Full  Diet.  —  Three-fourths  of  a  pound  of  meat,  one 

pound  of  bread,  half  a  pound  of  potatoes,  one  quart 

of  beer. 


Breakfast. — One  quart  of  stirabout,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Dinner.— Bread,  8  oz. ;  soup,  1  quart. 

Supper. — Bread,  4  oz. ;  new  milk,  one  pint. 

Full  Diet. — Breakfast,  bread,  8  oz. ;  new  milk,  one 
pint.  —  Dinner,  bread,  8  oz. ;  mutton  or  beef,  8  oz. — 
Supper,  bread,  4  oz. ;  new  milk,  one  pint. 


Breakfast. — One  pint  of  stirabout,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Dinner. — Half  a  pound  of  bread,  one  pint  of  new  milk, 

Supp>er. — One  pint  of  flummery,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Full  Diet. — Breakfast,  one  quart  of  stirabout,  one  pint 
of  new  milk. — Dinner,  2  lbs.  of  potatoes,  one  pint  of 
milk. — Supper,  one  pint  of  flummery,  one  pint  of  new 
milk. 


Breakfast. — One  half  quartern  loaf  for  every  four,  and 
one  pint  of  new  milk  each.  Under  12  years,  half  a 
quartern  loaf  for  every  eight. 

Dinner. — (1,  3,  5) — One  pound  of  beef,  and  two  pounds 
of  potatoes.  Under  12  years,  half  a  pound  of  beef, 
and  one  pound  of  potatoes.  —  (2,  4,  6,  7)  —  Potatoes 
and  milk. 

Supper.  —  One  pint  of  milk  and  one  of  stirabout,  for 
adults  ;  half  do.  for  children. 


One  pint  of  flummery  per 
diem,  one  quart  of  new 
milk,  and  one  quart  of 
buttermilk  for  whey. 


Daily,  half  a  pound  of 
bread,  two  quarts  of 
new  milk,  and  one 
quart  of  buttermilk. 


Breakfast. — Tea. 

Dinner.  —  Half  a  pound 
of  bread  made  into  pa^ 
nada  or  pudding. 


Breakfast.  —  Flummery, 
one  pint;  new  milk, 
one  pint. 

Supp)er. — Half  a  pound  of 
bread,  one  pint  of  milk. 


Per  diem.  —  Quarter  of  a 
pound  of  bread,  one 
quart  of  gniel,  three 
pints  of  new  milk,  half 
a  pint  of  flummery. 
Barley  water  at  occa- 
sions. 


Breakfast.  —  One  -  fourth 
of  a  lb.  of  bread,  with 
milk  and  water  sweet- 
ened. 

Dinner.  —  Gruel,  broth, 
wine,  and  porter,  as  or- 
dered by  the  physician. 


IV.  UNITED  STATES. 


Peiinstlva- 
jjiA  Hospi- 
tal, Philada. 


Philadel- 
phia 
Hospital, 
(Blockley.) 


I   Nea"^  York 
Hospital, 
N.  York  City. 


Breakfast. — Tea,  coffee,  or  chocolate,  with  sugar  or  mo- 
lasses and  milk,and  common  baker's  bread  at  discretion. 

Dinner. — Soup  always;  meat  of  two  kinds — mutton  and 
beef,  generally — pork  frequently  ;  vegetables,  accord- 
ing to  the  season ;  potatoes  and  rice,  always. 

Supper.  —  Tea  and  bread  :  no  butter  allowed  either  to 
breakfast  or  supper,  unless  prescribed. 


House  Diet.  —  Arrow-root,  gruel,  sago,  tapioca,  rice, 
beef  tea,  beef  essence,  chicken  water,  rice  water,  bar- 
ley water,  gum  water,  flaxseed  tea,  lemonade.  (The 
diet  on  which  the  sick  are  placed  on  entering  the 
house  until  otherwise  directed.) 

Moderate  Diet.  —  Tea,  crackers,  broth,  rice,  mush, 
milk,  potatoes,  &c. 

Full  Diet.  —  Bread,  coffee,  tea,  white  meat,  mutton, 
beef,  ham,  eggs,  butter,  soup,  potatoes,  &c. 


Breakfast. — Bread  and  black  tea,  one  ounce  of  tea  to 

every  sis,  and  a  pint  of  milk  to  every  eight  patients. 

Dinner. — Tuesdays,  Wednesdays,  Thursdays,  and  Satur- 
days, beef  soup,  with  beef  and  potatoes,  and  bread. 
On  Mondays,  boiled  rice,  with  one  gill  of  molasses. 

Supper. — The  same  as  breakfast. 


Gruel,  gum  water,  barley 
water,  and  other  arti- 
cles prescribed  by  the 
physician. 


The  kind  and  quantity 
left  to  the  physician. 
The  House  Diet  may  be 
regarded  as  low  diet. 


Special  diet  is  directed 
by  the  attending  phy- 
sician, and  adapted  to 
each  case. 


DIET   DRINK 


301 


DIGESTIBLE 


The  Diet  Scale  of  ilie  British  Navy  allows  from 
31  to  35^  ounces  of  dry  nutritious  matter  daily; 
of  which  26  ounces  are  vegetable,  and  the  rest 
animal  —  9  ounces  of  salt  meat,  or  4^  ounces  of 
fresh. 

That  of  the  Navy  of  the  United  States  is  as 
follows  : — Three  days  in  the  loeeJc  —  Pork,  16  oz. ; 
beans  or  peas,  7  oz. ;  biscuit,  14  oz.;  pickles  or 
cranberries,  1  oz. ;  sugar,  2  oz. ;  tea,  J  oz. ; — 40^ 
oz.  Two  days  in  the  iceek  —  Beef,  16  oz.;  flour, 
8  oz. ;  fruit,  dried,  4  oz.;  biscuit,  14  oz. ;  tea  and 
sugar,  2J  oz. ;  pickles  or  cranberries,  1  oz. ;  — 
45^  oz.  Two  days  in  the  week  —  Beef,  16  oz. ; 
rice,  8  oz. ;  butter,  2  oz. ;  cheese,  2  oz. ;  biscuit, 
14  oz. ;  tea  and  sugar,  2i  oz. ;  pickles  or  cran- 
berries, 1  oz. ; — ioi  oz. 

In  the  Edinburgh  workhouse  the  total  allow- 
ance of  dry  food  is  about  17  ounces  —  13  ounces 
vegetable,  and  4  ounces  animal.  In  the  Edin- 
burgh children's  poor-house,  the  diet  consists  of 
milk  and  porridge,  barley  broth  and  bread, 
amounting  to  13  ounces  of  vegetable  food  to  4 
ounces  of  animal.  These  allowances  have  been 
found  ample  for  the  maintenance  of  health.  Per- 
haps the  case  of  the  smallest  quantity  of  food  on 
which  life  was  vigorouslj'  supported  was  that  of 
Cornaro, — not  more  than  12  ounces  a  day,  chiefly 
of  vegetable  matter,  for  a  period  of  58  years. 

DIET  DRINK.  A  decoction  or  potion,  va- 
riously composed,  and  used  in  considerable  quan- 
tity, for  the  purpose  of  purifying  the  blood.  The 
Decoc'tum  Lnsitan'icum  or  Lisbon  Diet-drink  is 
me  of  the  most  celebrated.  See  Decoctum  Sar- 
saparillee  Compositum. 

Diet,  Dry.  A  diet  in  which  there  is  but  a 
small  or  no  allowance  of  fluid. 

DIETARY,  TABLE  OF,  see  Diet  Scale. 

DIETE,  Diet. 

DIETET'ICS,  DicBfet'iee,  Dimtet'icn,  Bfedici'na 
DicBtet'ica ;  same  etymon.  (F.)  Dietetique.  A 
branch  of  medicine,  comprising  the  rules  to  be 
followed  for  preventing,  relieving,  or  curing  dis- 
eases by  diet.  Dietetics  is  diet  administered  ac- 
cording to  principle.  It  is  an  important  part  of 
Hygiene.  A  well  regulated  system  of  diet  has 
great  power  in  checking  disease,  and  likewise  in 
preventing  it.  A  proper  knowledge  of  dietetics 
is,  indeed,  as  important  as  that  of  the  Materia 
Medica,  strictly  so  called. 

Dietetics  has  been  used,  also,  synonymously 
with  Hygiene. 

DIETETIQUE,  Dietetics. 

DIETET'ISTS,  DicBtetis'ta,  (F.)  Dietefiafes. 
Physicians  who  apply  only  the  rules  of  dietetics 
to  the  treatment  of  disease. 

DIEU-LE-FILT,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF. 
The  waters  of  Dieu-le-ftlt,  in  France,  are  chaly- 
beate, and  much  sought  after. 

DIEURYSMUS,  Dilatation. 

DIEX'ODOS,  from  iia,  and  t^oSo;,  'an  exit  or 
tvay  out.'  Di'odos.  Any  opening  by  which  an 
excretion  takes  place. 


DIFFERENTIAL  DIAGNOSIS,  see  Diacri- 
tica  signa. 

DIFFERENTIATION,  Development. 

DIFFICULTAS  INTESTINORUM,  Dysen- 
tery. 

DIFFLATIO,  Perspiration. 

DIFF0R3IITE,  Deformation. 

DIFFU'SIBLE,  (stimulants)  from  diffundere, 
[dis,  and  fundere,  fvsum,  'to  pour,')  'to  pour 
apart  or  abroad.'  Those  stimulating  medicines 
are  so  called,  which  augment  the  action  of  the 
vascular  and  nervous  systems  in  an  acute  but 
transitory  manner. 

DIGAS'TRICUS,  from  hs,  'twice,' and  yaar-np, 
'a  belly:'  Biven'ter,  B.  Maxill'm,  Dep'rimena 
Maxil'la  Biven'ter,  Bigas'ter,  (F.)  Masto'iduhyo- 
genien,  Masto'ido-genien  —  (Ch.),  Digastriqtic, 
Ahaisseur  de  la  machoire  iv/erietire.  The  name 
Digastricus  was  formerly  given  to  several  mus- 
cles. It  is  now  restricted  to  one  of  the  muscle? 
of  the  superior  hyoid  region.  The  digastricus  is 
thick  and  fleshy  at  its  extremities,  thin  and  ten- 
dinous at  its  middle.  It  is  attached  to  the  mas- 
toid groove  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  to  a  fos- 
sette  at  the  side  of  the  symphysis  menti.  Its 
tendon  passes  through  an  aponeurotic  ring,  which 
is  attached  to  the  os  hyoides. 

The  use  of  the  digastricus  is  to  depress  the 
lower  jaw,  or  to  raise  the  os  hyoides,  and  to  carry 
it  forwards  or  backwards,  as  in  deglutition. 

The  strong  double-bellied  muscle,  which  forma 
the  gizzard  of  birds,  is  also  called  Digastricus. 

Digastricus  Craxii,  Occipito-frontalis. 

DIGASTRIQUE,  Digastricus. 

DI6ENY,  see  Generation. 

DIGERENTIA,  Digestives. 

DIGES'TIBLE,  Concoc'lus  hah'ilis.  Capable 
of  being  digested.  All  food  is  not  equally  di- 
gestible, and  some  of  the  most  important  is  the 
least  so  : — the  fat  of  meat,  for  example.  Certain 
substances,  again,  are  entirely  rebellious.  The 
following  table  exhibits  the  time  required  for  the 
stomachal  digestion  of  different  alimentary  sub- 
stances, in  a  well-known  case,  which  fell  under 
the  care  of  Dr.  Beaumont.  The  table  is  extracted 
from  the  Author's  Human  Health,  Philadelphia, 
1844.  The  most  digestible  substances  are  taken 
as  the  standard,  which  has  been  arbitrarily  fixed 
at  1000;  and  accordingly,  aponeurosis,  the  first 
article  in  the  table,  requiring  3  hours,  whilst 
X>igs'  feet  sauted,  rice,  &c.,  require  but  one,  its 
digestibility,  compared  with  that  of  these  ali- 
ments, is  placed  as  333  to  1000;  and  so  of  the 
others.  It  need  scarcely  be  said,  that  all  these 
tabular  results  apply,  in  strictness,  to  the  indi- 
vidual concerned  only;  yet  they  afi"ord  useful 
comparative  views,  which  with  exceptions  de- 
pending upon  individual  peculiarities,  may  be 
regarded  as  approximations  applicable  to  man- 
kind in  general. 


DIGESTIFS 


302 


DIGITAL 


Aponeurosis 

Apptes,  mellow 

Do,      sour,  hard 

Do.      sweet,  mellow  . .. 

Barley 

Bass,  striped,  fresli 

Beans,  pod 

Do.  and  green  corn.. . . 
Bpef,  fresh,  lean,  rare 

Do.     do.     do.    dry 

Do.     do.     steak 

Do.   with  salt  only 

Do.    with  mustard,  &c.. . 

Do 

Do.   old,  hard  salted 

Beets 

Brains,  animal 

Bread,  corn 

Do,     wheat,  fresii 

Bntterf 

Cabbage,  head 

Do.        witii  vinegar. .. 

Do 

Cake,  corn 

Do.    sponge 

Carrot,  orange 

Cartilage 

Catfish,  fresh 

Cheese,  old,  strong 

Chicken,  full  grown 

Codfish,  cured  dry 

Corn  (green) and  beans. .. 

Cuslard 

Duck,  domesticated 

Do.     wild 

Dumpling,  apple 

Eggs,   fresh 

Do.       do 

Do.       do 

Do, 

Do. 


Form  of 
prepara- 


Do. 


do 

do 

do 

Flounder,  fresli  . .. . 
Fowls,  domestic  . . . 

Do.  do , 

Gelatin 

Goose,  wild 

Heart,  animal 

Lamb,  fresh 

Liver,  beefs,  fresh 


boiled 
raw 
do. 
do. 

boiled 
broiled 
boiled 

do. 
roasted 

do. 
broiled 
boiled 

do. 
fried 
boiled 
boiled 
boiled 
baked 
baked 
melted 
raw 
do. 
boiled 
baked 

do. 
boiled 

do. 
fried 
raw 

fricasseed 
boiled 
boiled 
baked 
roasted 

do. 
boiled 
hard   boiled 
sort  boiled 
fried 
roasted 
raw 

whipped 
fried 
boiled 
roasted 
boiled 
roasted 
fried 
boiled 

do. 


c     to  u  ■-  ■ 
7.  « 


333 

500 
352 
54.5 
500 
333 
400 
2(Jt) 
333 
285 
333 
3tj3 
285 
250 
235 
2til) 
571 
302 
285 
285 
400 
500 
2-^2 
333 
400 
302 
235 
285 
285 
3(i3 
500 
2liG 
3il3 
250 
222 
333 
285 
333 
285 
444 
500 
C6G 
285 
250 
2.^ 
400 
400 
250 
400 
500 


Aliments. 


Form  of 
prepara- 


Marrow,  animal,  spinal  . 
Moat  and  vegetables  .... 

Milk 

Do 

Mutton,  fresh 

Do.  do 

Do,         do 

Oysters,  fresh 

Do.         do 

Do.         do 

Parsnips 

Pig,  sucking 

Pigs'  feet,  soused 

Pork,  fat  and  lean 

Do.  recently  salted 

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

Potatoes,  Irish 

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

Rice 

Sago . , 

Salmon,  salted 

Sausage,  fresh 

Soup,  barley 

Do.     bean 

Do.     beef  vegetables,  and 

bread 

Do.    chicken 

Soup  marrow  bones 

Do.  mutton 

Do.  oyster 

Suet,  beef  fresh 

Do.   mutton 

Tapioca 

Tendon,  boiled 

Tripe,  soused 

Trout,  salmon,  fresh  .... 

Do.         do 

Turkey,  domestic 

Do.  do 

Do.        wild 

Turnips,  flat 

Veal,  fresh 

Do.      do 

Vegetables      and     meat 

hashed  

Venison,  steak 


boiled 

hashed 

boiled 

raw 

roasted 

broiled 

boiled 

raw 

roasted 

stewed 

boiled 

roasted 

boiled 

roasted 

boiled 

fried 

broiled 

raw 

stewed 

boiled 

roasted 

baked 

boiled 

do. 

do. 
broiled 
boiled 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
fried 
roasted 
boiled 
roasted 
boiled 
broiled 
fried 

warmed 
broiled 


k.m. 

2  40 

30 

2  15 

3  15 
3 

3 

2  5.5 

3  Jo 
3  30 
2  30 
2  30 
1 

5  15 
30 
15 
15 


4 
4 
3 
3 
3 
3 
2 

3 
1 

1  45 
4 

3  20 
1  30 
3 

4 
3 

4  15 
3  30 

3  30 

5  30 

4  30 
2 

5  30 
1 

1  30 

1  30 

2  30 
2  25 

2  18 

3  30 
4 

30 

2  30 
1  35 


375 
400 
500 
444 
307 
333 
333 
342 
307 
285 
400 
400 
1000 
190 
222 
235 
'  302 
333 
333 
285 
'400 
400 
1000 
571 
250 
300 
C66 
333 

250 
333 
235 

285 
285 
181 
222 
500 
181 
1000 
066 
666 
400 
511 
435 
285 
250 
222 

400 
631 


*  Pigs'  feet  soused,  rice,  and  tripe  soused,  being  the  most  digestible  articles  in  the  table,  are  estimated  at  1000. 
t  In  the  case  of  oils,  and  other  substances  of  si[nilar  nature,  which  undergo  little  digestion  in  the  stomach, 
the  time  merely  indicates  the  period  that  elapses  before  they  are  sent  into  the  duodenum. 


DIGESTIFS,  Digestives. 

DIGESTIO,  Digestion— (1.  Depravata,  Dys- 
pepsia—  d.  Difficilis,  Dyspepsia  —  d.  Lsesa,  Dys- 
pepsia. 

DIGES'TION,  Bigest'io,  from  digere,  '  to  dis- 
solve;' Coctio,  C.  Cibo'rum,  Pep'sif,  Diges'tive 
Proc"eas.  Digestion  is  a  function,  by  means  of 
■which  alimentary  substances,  when  introduced 
into  the  digestive  canal,  undergo  different  altera- 
tions. The  object  of  this  is  to  convert  them  into 
two  parts  ;  the  one,  a  reparatory  juice,  destined 
to  renew  the  perpetual  waste  occurring  in  the 
economy :  the  other,  deprived  of  its  nutritious 
properties,  to  be  rejected  from  the  body.  This 
function  is  composed  of  a  series  of  organic  ac- 
tions, differing  according  to  the  particular  organi- 
zation of  the  animal.  In  man  they  are  eight  in 
number,  viz:  1.  Prehension  of  food.  2.  Mastica- 
tion. 3.  Insalivation.  4.  Deglutition.  5.  Action 
of  the  stomach.  6.  Action  of  the  small  intestine. 
7.  Action  of  the  large  intestine.  8.  Expulsion  of 
the  fasces. 

Digestion  is  also  a  pharmaceutical  operation, 


which  consists  in  treating  certain  solid  substances 
with  water,  alcohol,  or  other  menstruum,  at  a 
slightly  elevated  temperature,  —  in  a  sand-bath, 
for  example,  or  by  leaving  them  exposed  for  some 
time  to  the  sun. 

DIGESTIVE,  see  Digestives  —  d.  Principle, 
Pepsin — d.  Process,  Digestion. 

Digestive  Texture.  The  particular  organic 
condition  of  substances  which  affects  their  diges- 
tibility. 

Digestive  Tube,  Canal,  alimentary. 

Diges'tives,  Digesti'va,  Digeren'tta ;  same 
etymon  as  Digestion.  (F.)  Digestifs.  A  term 
given,  by  surgeons,  to  substances,  which,  when 
applied  to  a  wound  or  ulcer,  promote  suppura- 
tion ;  as  the  ceratum  resinm,  toarni  cataplasms, 
fomentations,  &e.  Such  substances  are  vulgarly 
termed  draioing. 

DIG"ITAL,  Digita'lis ;  from  digitus,  'a  fin- 
ger:' having  the  shape  of  a  finger;  digitated. 
Belonging  to  the  fingers. 

The  Appen'dix  vennifor' mis  cceci  is  sometimes 
called  Dig"ital  Appen'dix. 


DIGITAL  BLANC 


30: 


DILATING   AGENTS 


Digital  Arteries,  Vein's,  and  Nerves,  are 
those  distributed  to  the  fingers. 

DIGITAL  BLANC,  Clavaria. 

Digital  Cavity,  An'cyroid  cavity,  Cornii,  de- 
scen'de)i8  veiUric'uli  latera'lis.  The  occipital  por- 
tion of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

DIGITAL  HU3IAIN,  Clavaria. 

Digital  Impressions,  see  Impressions  Digital, 
are  the  slight  depressions  observable  on  the  inner 
surface  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  which  corre- 
spond to  the  cerebral  convolutions. 

DIGITALE  PETITE,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

DIGITA'LE.  Same  etymon  as  Digital.  (F.) 
Doigtier.  A  finger  stall.  The  term  Doigtier 
d' Asdrnhali  has  been  given  to  a  small  iron  in- 
strument used  for  measuring  the  dimensions  of 
the  pelvis.  Placed  at  the  end  of  the  index  fin- 
ger, it  adds  to  its  length  and  enables  it  to  reach 
the  promontory  of  the  sacrum. 

DIGITALINE,  see  Digitalis. 

DIGITA'LIS,  from  digitus,  'a  finger,'  because 
its  flower  represents  a  finger ;  Digita'lis  purpu'- 
re.a,  Bac'charis,  Baechar,  Baccar,  [.?]  Fox-glove, 
(Sc.)  Deadmen's  hells,  (Prov.)  Flapdoclc.  Ord. 
ScrophularinesB.  Sex.  Si/st.  Didynamia  Angio- 
spermia.  (F.)  Digitate,  Gants  de  notre  dame, 
Doigtier.  The  leaves  of  this  plant,  which  are 
indigenous  in  Great  Britain,  are  powerfully  seda- 
tive, diminishing  the  velocity  of  the  pulse,  diu- 
retic, and  sorbefacient.  In  over-doses,  Digitalis 
causes  vomiting,  purging,  dimness  of  sight,  ver- 
tigo, delirium,  hiccough,  convulsions,  and  death  : 
— all  the  symptoms,  in  short,  which  characterize 
the  acro-narcotic  class  of  poisons.  Its  active 
principle  has  been  called  Dig"italine.  It  is  a 
hundred-fold  stronger  than  the  most  active  pre- 
paration of  digitalis. 

Digitalis  has  been  administered  in  inflamma- 
tory diseases,  phthisis,  active  hemorrhage,  drop- 
sy, &c. ;  but  although  it  is  a  powerful  remedy,  it 
has  not  been  as  much  employed  as  it  probably 
would  have  been  in  particular  cases,  owing  to 
the  over-strained  eulogiums,  which  many  have 
passed  upon  it  in  almost  all  diseases.  The  ave- 
rage dose  is  one  grain,  in  the  form  of  pill,  which 
may  be  repeated  every  six  or  eight  hours. 

Digitalis  Minima,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

DIGITARIA  DACTYLON,  Cynodon  dactylon. 

DIGITA'TION,  Digita'tio,  Produc'tio  deuta'ta, 
Inser'tio  denticula'tu,  I.  digita'ta,  (F.)  Dentatiire, 
Dentelure.  A  division  into  processes  having  the 
form  of  fingers.  Several  muscles,  as  the  serati, 
exhibit  digitations,  similar  to  those  which  the 
fingers  form,  when  held  separate. 

DIGITATIONES  TUBARUM  fallopii, 
see  Tube,  Fallopian. 

DIGIT"IUM.  Desiccation  or  atrophy  of  the 
fingers. — Linna3us.  Sauvages  calls  the  same  af- 
fection Paronyeh'ia  Diqit"ium,  see  Paronychia. 

DIGITORUM  TENSOR,  Extensor  brevis  digi- 
torum  pedis. 

DIG"ITUS,  Dae'tylos,  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt.  A 
name  given  to  the  prolongations  which  form  the 
extremity  of  the  hand.  There  are  five  on  each 
hand:  the  first,  the  thumb,  Anticheir,  Pollex, 
Alius  Pollex,  Ifanus  parva  majo'ri  adju'trix, 
Dig"itus  primus  seu  magnus,  Pro'manus,  (F.) 
Pouce  ;  the  second,  the  index.  Digitus  index  seu 
secitn'dus  seu  saluta'ris  seu  saluta'rius  seu  de- 
monstrato'rius  seu  demonstrati'vus,  Indica'tor, 
Demonstra'tor,  Li'ehanos ;  the  third,  D.  me'dius 
seu  ter'tius  seu  famo'sus  seu  impudi'cus  seu  ob- 
sece'mts  sou  infa'mia  seu  verpus,  (F.)  Doigt  du 
milie\i,  middle  finger  or  long  finger ;  the  fourth, 
the  ring  finger.  Digitus  annula'ris,  Param'esos, 
D.  quartns  seu  medicina'lis  seu  med'icus  seu  cor- 
dis, lat'ricus,  (F.)  Annidaire :  and  the  little 
finger,  Oti'tes,  Dig"itus  auricula'ris  seu  min'imus 
seu  parvus  seu  quintus  seu  myops  seu  oti'tes,  (F.) 


Auriculairc,  Petit  doigt.  All  of  these  have  three 
phalanges,  except  the  first,  which  has  only  two. 

Digitus  Annulaeis,  Annular  finger  —  d.  Au- 
rioularis,  see  Digitus — d.  Cordis,  see  Digitus— d. 
Demonstrativus,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Demonstrato- 
rius,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Famosus,  see  Digitus-  — d. 
Impudicus,  see  Digitus  —  d.  .Index,  Index,  see 
Digitus — d.  Indicatorius,  Index,  see  Digitus — d. 
Infamis,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Magnus,  Pollex,  see 
Digitus— d.  Medicinalis,  see  Digitus — d.  Medicus, 
see  Digitus — d.  Medius,  see  Digitus — d.  Minimus, 
see  Digitus — d.  Myops,  see  Digitus — d.  Obscoenus, 
see  Digitus  —  d.  Otites,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Parvus, 
see  Digitus. 

Dig"itus  Pedis,  Toe,  (Sc.)  Tae,  (P.)  Orteil. 
The  toes  are  five  in  number,  and  distinguished 
numerically,  reckoning  from  within  to  without. 
The  first  is,  also,  called  great  toe,  tom-toe,  (F.) 
gros  orteil;  the  fifth,  the  little  toe,  petit  orteil. 
They  have  nearly  the  same  organization  as  the 
fingers. 

Digitus  Primus,  Pollex,  see  Digitus — d.  Quar- 
tus,  see  Digitus — d.  Quintus,  see  Digitus — d.  Salu- 
taris,  see  Digitus — d.  Salutarius,  see  Digitus — d. 
Salutatorius,  Index — d.  Secundus,  Index,  see 
Digitus. 

Digitus  Semimor'tuus.  'Half  dead  finger.'  A 
torpid  condition  of  the  fingers,  met  with  in  con- 
nection with  chlorosis,  and  cerebro-spinal  affec- 
tions. 

Digitus  Supernumera'rius,  Supemu'merarT/ 
finger,  (F.)  Doigt  surnumeraire.  An  occasional 
monstrosity  occurs,  in  which  there  are  supernu- 
merary fingers ;  and  at  times  owing  to  hereditary- 
transmission. 

Digitus  Tertius,  see  Digitus — d.  Verpus,  see 
Digitus. 

DIGNA'THUS,  from  Si,  'double,'  and  yvados, 
'lower  jaw.'  A  monster  having  two  lower  jaws, 
— Gurlt. 

DIGNOTIO,  Diagnosis. 

DIHYPOGAS'TRIUS,  from  Si,  'double,' and 
'vn-oyaarpiov,  'the  hypogastrium.'  A  monster 
whose  pelvis,  together  with  the  lower  portion  of 
the  abdomen,  is  double. 

DIHYSTE'RIA,  Dime'tra,  Didel'pliys,  V'terus 
duplex,  from  Si,  '  double,'  amd  'vuTiprj,  '  uterus.' 
The  state  in  which  there  is  a  double  uterus. 

DIJUDICATIO,  Crisis. 

DILACERATIO,  Laceration. 

DILATANTS,  Dilating  agents. 

DILATATEUR,  Dilator  — cZ.  Anterieur  die 
larynx,  Crico-thyroid  muscle  —  d.  Posterieur  du 
larynx,  Crico-arytenoid,  posterior. 

DILATATIO  BRONCHIORUM,  Bronchia, 
dilatation  of  the — d.  Ventriculi,  Gastrectasis — d. 
Intestinorum,  Enterectasis. 

DILATA'TION,  dilata'tio,  from  dilafare,  dila- 
tntnm.  (latum  facere,)  'to  enlarge;'  Eurys'mus, 
Aneurys'mus,  Dleurys'mus.  Augmentation  of  the 
bulk  of  a  body,  occasioned  by  a  separation  of 
some  of  its  molecules.  Caloric  has  the  property 
of  dilating  all  bodies.  In  Surgery,  it  means  the 
accidental  or  preternatural  augmentation  of  a 
canal  or  opening:  as  in  aneurisms,  varices,  &c., 
or  the  process  of  enlarging  any  aperture  or  canal. 
When  used  so  as  to  obtain  a  view  of  parts,  as  by 
the  speculum,  it  is  termed  Dioptris'mus. 

DILATATOIRE,  Dilator. 

DILATATORIUM,  Dilator. 

DILATATORIUS,  Dilator. 

DILA'TING  AGENTS,  Dilatan'tia,  (F.)  Di- 
latants.  Certain  substances  used  in  surgery, 
either  to  keep  parts  separate  which  have  a  ten- 
dency to  unite  —  as  after  opening  an  abscess,  to 
prevent  the  edges  of  the  incision  from  uniting; 
or  to  increase  and  dilate  openings  of  canals,  either 
when  natural,  or  formed  accidentally  or  artifici- 
ally.    These  agents  differ  from  each  other:  t^^'^ 


DILATOR 


804 


DIPHTHERIA 


cTiief  are  — prepared  sj^onge  tents,  gentian  root, 
bougies,  sounds,  dried  2}eas  for  issues,  &c. 

DILA'TOR,  Bilatato'rius,  Diastoleus,  (F.)  Bi- 
lataleur  ou  JDilatatoire.  A  muscle,  whose  office 
it  is  to  dilate  certain  parts;  such  as  the  inspira- 
tory muscles,  which  dilate  the  chest. 

Dilator,  Dilatato'ritim,  (F.)  Dilatateur.  An 
instrument,  used  for  dilating  a  wound,  excretory 
canal,  or  other  natural  or  artificial  opening.  When 
employed  to  obtain  an  inspection  of  internal 
parts,  it  is  termed  Spec'tdum,  Diop'tra,  or  Dinp'- 
tron.  There  are  several  instruments  of  this  kind, 
each  taking  its  name  from  the  part  to  which  it  is 
applied;  as  Speculum  Oris,  S.  Nasi,  S.  Uteri,  &o. 
Dilator,  Arnott's.  A  modification  of  the  old 
dilators  for  strictures  of  the  urethra.  It  consists 
of  a  tube  of  oiled  silk,  lined  with  the  thin  gut  of 
some  small  animal  to  make  it  air-tight,  and  fixed 
on  the  extremity  of  a  small  canula.  by  which  it 
is  distended  with  air  or  water,  from  a  bag  or 
S3'ringe  at  the  outer  end,  whilst  a  stop-cock  or 
valve  serves  to  keep  the  air  or  water  in,  when 
received.  As  soon  as  the  bag  is  passed  within 
the  stricture  or  strictures,  as  much  air  is  to  be 
injected  into  it  as  the  patient  can  easily  bear. 
The  instrument  is  not  much  used. 

DiLATORES  Alarum  Nasi,  Compressor  Naris. 

DILATRIS  TINCTORIA,  Laohnanthes  tinc- 
toria. 

DILL,  Anethum  graveolens. 

DILLY,  Anthemis  cotula. 

DILUEN'TIA,  from  diluo,  (dis,  and  luere,)  'I 
wash  away.'  (F.)  Delayants.  Medicines  which 
have  been  conceived  proper  for  augmenting  the 
fluidity  of  the  blood  and  other  animal  liquids. 
All  aqueous  drinks  are  diluents.  They  are  ad- 
ministered, with  great  advantage,  in  various  dis- 
eases. In  fever,  water,  which  is  the  most  fiimiliar 
diluent,  may  be  freely  allowed;  the  only  precau- 
tion being  to  give  it  hot  in  the  cold  stage,  cold  in 
the  hot,  and  tepid  in  the  sweating.  In  diseases, 
where  it  is  considered  necessary  to  abstract  blood 
largel}',  diluents  should  not  be  given  too  freely. 
The  abstraction  of  blood  occasions  activity  of 
absorption,  and  the  mass  is  speedily  restored.  It 
is  also  obvious,  that  in  cases  of  inflammation  of 
the  mammsB,  in  nurses,  diluents  should  not  be 
freely  allowed,  as  they  increase  the  secretion  of 
milk,  and  add  to  the  irritation.  When  demxdcents 
are  exhibited  in  cases  of  urinary  disease,  they  act 
simply  as  diluents:  their  mucilaginous  portion  is 
digested  in  the  stomach  and  small  intestine, — 
the  watery  portion  alone  being  separated  by  the 
kidney. 

DILWEED,  Anthemis  cotula. 

DIMETRA,  Dihysteria. 

DINANT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Dinant 
is  a  small  town,  six  leagues  from  St.  Malo,  in 
France,  where  are  mineral  waters,  containing  car- 
bonate of  iron,  chloride  of  sodium,  kc.  They  are 
much  esteemed. 

DINGEE,  Dengue. 

DINIC,  Antidinie. 

DINKHOLD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
rich  carbonated  water,  situate  near  the  junction 
of  the  Lahn  with  the  Rhine,  in  the  duchy  of  Nas- 
sau. It  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of 
sodium,  carbonate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  lime,  car- 
bonate of  lime,  and  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

DINOMANIA,  Tarantismus. 

DINUS,  Vertigo — d.  Scotoma,  Seotodynia — d. 
Vertigo,  Vertigo. 

DIOBOLON.  Scruple. 

DIOCRES,  Pastil. 

DIODONCEPHALUS,  (F.)  DiodoncSpJmle, 
from  iti.  'twice,'  oSov;,  oSovto;,  'a,  tooth,'  and 
KCipa'Xri,  'head.'  A  monster  with  a  double  range 
of  teeth,  or  double  jaw. 

DIODOS,  Diexodos. 


DKECESIS,  Dispensation. 

DIONCO'SIS,  from  bia,  and  oyKo;,  'a  tumour.' 
The  Methodists  applied  this  name  to  a  sort  of 
tumefaction  or  plethora,  occurring  either  directly 
from  too  great  a  quantity  of  fluid  circulating  in 
the  system,  or  owing  to  the  retention  of  sub- 
stances which  ought  to  be  excreted.  It  is  the 
antithesis  to  si/mjytosis.     See  Intumescence. 

DIONYSIA'NUS,  (F.)  Dionysien,  from  Ajoru- 
aoi,  'Bacchus,'  who  is  represented  by  the  poets  as 
wearing  horns.  One  who  has  long  or  horn-like 
excrescences. 

DIONYSIS'CUS,  same  etymon.  One  who  has 
a  long  born-like  excrescence  on  the  frontal  region. 
— Vogel. 

Dl'OPHTHALMUS,  Binoculus. 

DIOPTRA,  Speculum,  see  Dilator. 

DIOPTRISMUS,  Dilatation. 

DIOPTRON,  Speculum,  see  Dilator. 

DIORTHO'SIS,from  iiop^m,  'I  make  straight.' 
The  reduction  of  a  fractured  or  luxated  limb. 

DIOSCORBA,  (a,fter  Dioscorides,)  see  Yam. 

Diosco'rea  Villo'sa,  Wild  Yamroot ;  indi- 
genous :  Order,  Dioscoriaceae ;  flowering  in  July. 
A  decoction  of  the  root  has  been  prescribed  in 
bilious  colic.  It  is  said  to  be  expectorant,  dia- 
phoretic, and,  in  large  doses,  emetic. 

DIOSCURL  Parotis. 

DIOSMA,  D.  crenata. 

Dios'ma  Crena'ta,  from  6ios,  'divine,'  and 
oann,  '  odour.'  Baros'ma  crena'ta,  Agathos'ma 
crena'tum,  Buehu  Leaves,  Diosma  (Ph.  U.  S., 
1842,  Buchv,  1851),  Bucku,  Bocchoe,  Bocho,  Boo- 
eJio,  Buchho,  (F.)  Diosmee  crenelee.  Ord.  Dios- 
mece.  A  South  African  plant,  the  powder  of 
whose  leaves  is  used  by  the  Hottentots  to  perfume 
their  bodies.  It  has  been  employed  in  chronic 
afTections  of  the  bladder  and  urinary  organs  in 
general.  It  has  also  been  given  in  cholera.  It 
is  often  adulterated  in  commerce,  by  the  substitu- 
tion of  less  potent  plants  of  the  same  family,  as 
Diosma  serratifo'lia,  and  EupJeu'rum  serrula'titm. 

Diosma  Serratifolia,  D.  crenata. 

LWSMEE  CRENELEE,  Diosma  crenata. 

DIOS'PYROS  LOTUS,  Faha  Grceca,  Indian 
Bate  Plum,  (F.)  Plaqueminier  d'Europe.  Ord. 
EbenaceaB.  This  tree  grows  in  some  of  the  south- 
ern parts  of  Europe.  Its  fruit  is  very  astrin- 
gent, and  has  been  recommended  in  dysentery 
and  hemorrhage. 

DiOS'PYROS  Virginia'na,  Loins  Yirginia'na, 
Persim'mon.  A  common  tree  in  the  middle  parts 
of  the  United  States.  The  fruit,  Persim'mons, 
Yellow  Plums,  Winter  Plums,  Seeded  Plums,  which 
is  only  eatable  after  frost,  (when  it  is  tolerable,) 
is  sometimes  made  into  cakes  with  bran.  These, 
being  dried  in  an  oven,  are  kept  to  make  beer. 
When  bruised  in  water,  fermentation  takes  place. 
The  unripe  fruit,  Biospy'ros  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  dis- 
tressingly acerb  and  astringent.  It  has  been  used 
as  an  astringent.  The  bark  of  the  tree  is  ex- 
tremely bitter,  and  may  be  used  where  bitters  are 
indicated. 

DIO'TA,  Byo'ta,  from  Si;,  and  ovg,  uto;,  'ear.' 
Two-eared,  two-handled.  Applied  to  a  wooden 
cup,  lined  with  a  composition  of  resin,  cinnawon, 
cloves,  and  ginger,  to  give  more  flavour  to  beer.  It 
was  formerly  much  used  in  the  north  of  Europe. 

DIPIIORUS,  Diphrus. 

DIPHRUS,  Bi'phorvs,  from  Si;,  '  two,'  and 
0fpu,  'I  carry.'  Properly  a  seat  for  two.  A  close 
stool. 

Diphrus  Maieu'ticus,  Sella  ohstetric"{a.  An 
obstetric  chair. 

DIPH'RYGES,  from  St;,  and  tppvyo,,  'I  tor- 
refy.' The  oxide  of  copper,  more  or  less  pure. 
The  ancients  reclioned  three  kinds  of  diphryges, 
which  thev  used  as  astringents. 

DIPHTHERIA,  Diphtheritis. 


DIPHTHERITE 


305 


DIRECTOR 


BTPHTHERITE,  Diphtheritis  — (Z.  Buccale, 
Stomatitis,  pseudomembranous. 

DIPHTHERI'TIS,  Diphther'ia,  DipMherit'ie 
Inflammation,  Pellic'ular  Inflammation,  (F.)  Diph- 
therite  from  Si<p6cpa,  'a  membrane.'  A  name 
given  by  M.  Bretonneau  to  a  class  of  diseases, 
which  are  characterized  by  a  tendency  to  the 
formation  of  false  membranes ;  and  affect  the  der- 
moid tissue,  —  as  the  mucous  membranes,  and 
even  the  skin. 

DiPHTHERiTis  OF  THE  Throat,  Angina  pellicu- 
laris — d.  Trachealis,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

DIPLASIASMUS,  Duplication. 

DIPLOCEPHA'LIA,  from  S,z\oog,  'double,' 
and  Kt<j>a.'\ri,  '  head.'  A  monstrosity  characterized 
by  the  presence  of  two  heads  on  the  same  body. 

DIPLECOIA,  Double  hearing. 

DIP'LOE,  from  5im\ou,  'I  double.'  Eiplo'sii), 
Meditul'lium,  Medium  Calva'ricB  Discri'men.  The 
cellular  structure,  which  separates  the  two  tables 
of  the  skull  from  each  other.  The  ancients  ap- 
plied the  term,  also,  to  the  proper  coat  of  the 
uterus  [?] — Rolfink,  in  Castelli. 

The  Diploe  has  the  same  use  as  the  cellular 
structure  of  bones  in  general.     See  Cancelli. 

DIPLOGEN'ESIS,  iirrXoo;,  'double,'  and  ytvt- 
ai;,  'generation,'  (F.)  Dipilocjenese.  An  organic 
deviation,  which  consists  of  the  duplication  of 
parts.  Monstrosity  by  duplication.  Euplic"iias 
moHstro'sa,  constituting  double  monsters. 

DIPLOLEPIS  GALL^  TINCTORIia,  see 
Quercus  iafectoria. 

DIPLO'MA.  Same  etymon  as  Diploe.  A  letter 
or  writing  conferring  some  privilege :  usually 
applied  to  the  document,  certifying  that  a  person 
has  obtained  the  title  of  Doctor.  It  was  so  called 
because  formerly  written  on  waxed  tables,  folded 
together.  Diploma  is  also  used  in  pharmacy  for 
a  vessel  with  double  walls, — as  a  water-bath. 

DIPLO'PIA,  from  ^itXooj,  '  double,'  and  ottto- 
fiat,  'I  see.'  Visus  Dnplica'tus,  Ditto'pia,  Dit- 
top'sia,  Amphamphoterodiop'  si  a,  Amphodiplo'pia, 
Amhio'pia,  Eonble  Vision,  (F.)  Bevue.  An  affec- 
tion of  the  sight,  in  which  two  distinct  sensations 
are  produced  by  the  same  object,  which  conse- 
quently seems  double.  Sometimes  more  than  two 
are  seen  ;  but  still  the  disease  is  termed  Diplo'pia 
and  Siiffu'sio  Midt'iplicanR.  This  affection  arises 
from  some  derangement  in  the  visual  axes,  in 
consequence  of  which,  the  images  are  not  im- 
pressed on  corresponding  parts  of  the  retina  of 
each  eye.  At  times,  the  diplopia  affects  one  eye, 
or  each  eye  when  used  alone,  owing  to  some 
irregularity  in  the  curvature,  density,  or  position 
of  the  dioptric  media.  It  is  then  called  Unioc'- 
tdar  Diplopia. 

The  diplopia  of  both  eyes  has  been  termed 
Ampliodiplo'pia  and  Amphoterodiplo'pia. 

DIPLOSIS,  Diploe,  Duplication. 

DIPLOSO'MA,  from  ^iTrXooj,  'double,'  and 
(Tojfia,  'body.'  The  Diplosoma  crena'ta  is  an  im- 
perfectly described  entozoon,  which  has  been 
passed  from  the  urinary  bladder.  It  varies  in 
length  from  four  to  six  or  eight  inches,  and  is 
thinnest  in  the  middle,  where  it  is  bent  at  an 
acute  angle  upon  itself,  so  that  the  two  halves 
hang  nearly  parallel,  and  give  to  it  an  appear- 
ance as  if  two  worms  had  been  tied  together  by 
their  heads.  It  has  been  confounded  with  the 
Spiroptera  liominis. 

DIPLOSOMA'TIA,  Dlploso'mia,  from  inrloo^, 
'double,'  and  cwfia,  auij-mTo^,  'body.'  An  organic 
deviation,  characterized  by  the  presence  of  two 
complete  bodies,  united  by  one  or  more  of  their 
parts. 

DIPNOOS,  from  ^if,  and  -vor,,  'breath.'     Hav- 
ing two  vent  holes;  Bispi'ms.     An  epithet  ap- 
20 


plied  to  wounds  which  pass  through  a  part,  and 
admit  the  air  at  both  ends. — Galen. 

DIPROSO'PUS,  Liod'ymus  et  0pod'ijmu8,{T0va. 
Si,  'double,'  and  Trpoo-uirov,  'countenance.'  A 
monster  having  a  double  face. 

DiPROso'pus  DitEdce'us,  from  Si,  'double,'  and 
TTpoannzov,  'countenance;'  and  Si,  'double,'  and 
aiSoia,  'parts  of  generation.'  A  double  monster, 
in  whom  the  duplication  affects  superiorly  the 
face,  and  inferiorly  the  anterior  pelvic  region. — 
Barkow. 

DiPRoso'pus  Dihtpogas'trids,  from  Si,  'dou- 
ble,' and  npoaioTrov,  'countenance,'  and  from  St, 
'double,'  and  'v^royacrTpiov,  'the  hypogastrium.' 
A  double  monster  in  whom  the  duplication  affects 
superiorly  the  face,  and  inferiorly  the  lower  part 
of  the  body,  four  lower  extremities  being  always 
present — Tetras'  celus. 
DIPSA,  Thirst. 
DIPSACOS,  Diabetes. 

DIP'SACUS  FULLO'NUM,  Herhn  Car'dui 
Ven'en's,  Car'duus  Ven'eris,  (F.)  Cardh-e  cultive, 
Chardon  a  foulon,  Chardon  a  bonnetier,  has  had 
similar  properties  ascribed  to  it.  Both  have  been 
also  regarded  as  stomachic. 

Dip'sACus  Sylves'tris,  from  Siila,  'thirst,' 
said  to  be  so  called,  owing  to  the  leaves  being  so 
placed  as  to  hold  wat«r.  Cultivated  Teasel, 
(F.)  Cardere.  Ord.  Dipsacese.  The  roots  of 
this  European  plant  are  diuretic  and  sudorific. 
The  water,  which  collects  at  the  base  of  the 
leaves,  has  been  recommended  as  an  eye-water. 

DIPSET'ICOS,  from  Si^i,a,  'thirst.'  (F.)  Dip- 
set'ique.  A  remedy  believed  to  be  capable  of 
exciting  thirst.     See  Alterative. 

DIPSO'DES,  Sit'tens,  Siticulo'sns,  (Old  Eng.) 
Afforst,  (Prov.)  Thrusty  ;  from  Si^ia,  'thirst,'  and 
Ei^of,  'resemblance.'     Thirsty.     Causing  thirst. 

DIPSOMA'NIA,  from  Si^lia,  'thirst,' and  maHia. 
Really,  'thirst-mania.'  Often,  however,  applied  to 
habitual  drunkenness  and  to  delirium  tremens. 
An  insatiable  desire  for  intoxicating  liquors. 

DIPSOP'ATHY,  Bipsopatki'a,  from  Srla, 
'thirst,'  and  Trado;,  'disease.'  A  mode  of  treat- 
ment, which  consists  in  abstaining  from  drinks. 

DIPSO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  iVoi-bid  thirst. 
The  desire  for  drinking,  excessive  or  impaired. 
A  genus  in  the  class  Ccelinea,  order  Enterioa,  of 
Good. 

DiPSo'sis  AvENS,  Polydypsia — d.  Expers, 
Adipsia. 

DIP'TERIX  ODORA'TA,  Coumaron'na  odo- 
ra'ta.  The  fruit  of  this  large  tree  of  Guiana  is 
a  pod,  inclosing  a  single  seed.  The  bean.  Tonka 
bean,  has  a  strong,  agreeable,  aromatic  odour, 
and  is  used  to  flavour  snuff. 

DI'PYGUS,  from  i5j, ' double,' and  7™/;?,  'nates.' 
A  double  monster,  the  duplication  being  confined 
to  the  posterior  portion  of  the  lower  end  of  the 
trunk — the  coccygeal  region. 

DIPYRE'NOisr,  from  Sis,  'twice,'  and  Tzvpvv, 
'a  kernel.'     A  spje.cil'him  or  probe  with  two  but- 
tons or  kernels — one  at  each  end. 
DIPYRITES,  Biscuit. 
DIPYROS,  Biscuit. 

DIRCA  PALUS'TRIS,  Leatherwood,  Sioamp 
Leatherwood,  Mooseicood,  Sioampxoood.  Rope- 
barh,  Bois  de  plomb,  (Canada.)  Ord.  Thymelea- 
cese.  An  indigenous  shrub,  which  grows  in  boggy 
woods  and  low  wet  places  throughout  the  United 
States.  It  is  analogous  to  mezereon  in  its  action 
— six  Or  eight  grains  of  the  fresh  bark  producing 
violent  vomiting,  preceded  by  a  sense  of  heat  in 
the  stomach,  often  followed  by  purging.  Applied 
to  the  skin,  the  bark  vesicates. 

DIRECTOR,  Itinera' rium,  from  dirigere,  di- 
rectum, (dis,  and  regere,  'to  rule,')  'to  direct.'  A 
Conductor.  A  grooved  sound  for  guiding  a  knife, 
in  dividing  any  part;  (F.)  Sonde  cannelee. 


DIRIBITOmUM 


306 


DISINFECTION 


Director  Penis,  Ischio-eavernosu 

DIRIBITORIUM,  Mediastinum. 

DIRLING,  Tingling. 

DIRT-EATING,  Chthonophagia. 

DIRUPTIO,  Rhexis. 

DIS,  Di. 

DISC,  see  Disk. 

DISCEPTUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISCHARGE',  (d/s,  ^and  charge,)  Ec'roe, 
Fluxus,  Projlu'mum,  (P.)  JScoulement.  In  patho- 
logj',  an  increased  discharge  from  any  part,  that 
naturally  secretes  a  fluid. 

DISCHROA,  Dyschroea. 

DISCREET',  from  discernere,  discretum,  {dis, 
and  cernere,)  'to  separate.'  Dlscre'tus,  Interline' - 
tu^,  Sep'arated,  (F.)  Diseret.  This  epithet  is 
given  to  certain  exanthemata,  in  -which  the  spots 
or  pustules  are  separated  from  each  other.  It  is 
opposed  to  confluent. 

DISGRET,  Discreet. 

DISCRE'TA  PURGA'TIO.  The  purgation 
or  expulsion  of  some  particular  matter. 

DISCRETIVUS,  Diagnostic. 

DISCRETORIUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISCRI'MEN,  'Separation,  Division.'  Same 
etymon  as  Discreet.  A  bandage,  used  in  bleed- 
ing from  the  frontal  vein ;  so  called,  because,  in 
passing  along  the  sagittal  suture,  it  divides  the 
head  into  two  equal  parts. 

DiscRiMEN  CalvarijE  Medium,  Diploe  —  d. 
Narium,  Septum  N. 

'  Increased — Hypertrophy, 


DiscRiMEN  Nasi;  a  bandage,  in  the  form  of 
the  letter  X,  intended  to  support  the  nose,  in 
transverse  wounds  of  the  organ. 

DiscRiMEN  Thoracis  et  Ventris,  Diaphragm. 

DISCUS  PROLIGERUS,  Proligerous  disc— d. 
Vitellinus,  Proligerous  disc. 

DISOUSSIFS,  Discutients. 

DISCUSSIO,  Resolution. 

DISCUSSIVA,  Discutients. 

DISCUSSORIA,  Discutients. 

DISCU'TIENTS,  Discutien'tia,  Besolven'tia, 
Discussi' va,  Discusso'ria,  from  disciitere,  'to  shake 
apart,  (dis,  and  quatere,  'to  shake.')  (F.)  Disciis- 
sifs,  Jiesoliitifg.  Substances  which  possess  the 
power  of  repelling  or  resolving  tumours. 

DISEASE',  old  French  desaise ;  from  dis,  and 
ease:  Morbus,  Nosos,  Nose' ma,  Noseu'ma,  Nusus, 
Pathos,  Pathe'ma,  Lues,  ilaluni,  Passio,  ^gritu'- 
do, ^grota'tio,  Vit"ium,  Arrhos'tia,  Arrhoste'ma, 
Arrhoste7i'ia,  Yaletu'do  adver'sa,  Mal'ady,  Com- 
plaint, Sickness,  Distem'per,  Ailment,  Illness,  (F.) 
Maladie.  An  opposite  state  to  that  of  health, 
consisting  in  a  change  either  in  the  position  and 
structure  of  parts,  or  in  the  exercise  of  one  or 
more  of  their  functions,  or  in  both. 

By  some.  Disease  is  applied  to  structural  change, 
whilst  Disorder  is  restricted  to  functional  derange- 
ment. 

The  following  table,  essentially  that  of  Dr.  C. 
J.  B.  Williams,  comprises  the  chief  elements  of 
structural  disease : 


Diminished — Atrophy. 

( Inflammation, 
Induration, 


Diseased  -J 
Nutrition. 


Softening 

Transformation  and  Degeneration. 

Cicatrices, 


Perverted...  -j 


f  Euplastic  , 


Deposits...  -j  Cacoplastic 


I  Cic 
JFa 


'  Contraction, 

Dilatation, 

Altered     j  Obstruction, 

Mechanism.  1  Compression, 

Displacement, 

|_  Rupture,  &c. 


|_  Growths 


False  membranes, 
f  Cirrhosis, 
j  Fibro-cartilage, 
I  Gray  tubercle, 
I  I  Atheroma,  &c. 

!  r  Yellow  tubercle, 

[Aplastic <  Calcareous 

(     matter,  &c. 
(■  Cysts, 
["Nonmalignant...  s  Tumours 
I  (Hydatids,  Ac. 

..  -l  f  Carcinoma, 

[Malignant <  Encephaloma, 

[Melanosis,  &c. 


Disease  op  Addison,  see  Capsule,  renal  —  d. 
Blue,  Cyanopathy — d.  of  Bright,  Kidney,  Bright's 
Disease  of  the — d.  English,  Rachitis — d.  Extrin- 
sic, External  disease — d.  Family,  see  Hereditary 
— d.  Foul,  Syphilis — d.  Fungoid,  Encephaloid — . 
d.  Gastro-enteric,  Gastro-enteritis — d.  Hsemnto- 
cerebriform,  Encephaloid — d.  Hereditary,  see  He- 
reditary— d.  Pretended,  Feigned  disease — d.  Si- 
mulated, Feigned  disease — d.  Surgical,  External 
disease. 

DISEASED,  Sick. 

DISECOIA,  Baryecoia. 

DISFIGURATION,  Deformation. 

DISGORGE'MENT,  (F.)  Degorgement,  from 
de,  and  gorge,  'the  thi-oat.'  An  opposite  condi- 
tion to  that  of  Engorgement.  The  discharge  or 
abstraction  of  a  certain  quantity  of  fluid,  which 
had  previously  collected  in  a  part;  as  Disgorge- 
ment of  bile.     It  also  means  a  vomit. 

DISGUST',  from  de,  and  gustare,  'to  taste.' 
Cibi  fastid'ium,  Aposit'ia,  Asit'ia,  Apoclei'sis, 
Abomina'tio,  Siccha'sia,  Horror  Gibo'rum,  Loath- 
ing. An  aversion  for  food;  {¥.)  Degout.  Dis- 
gust is  not  the  same  as  Anorexia.  The  latter  is 
only  a  want  of  appetite ;  the  former  consists  in 
real  repugnance  for  food. 


DISINFECTANT,  Disinfeo'tans,  from  dis,  and 
inficio,  infectum,  (in  a.nd  facio,)  'I  infect,'  (F.) 
Disinfectant.  This  term  has  been  restricted  by 
some  to  agents  that  are  capable  of  neutralizing 
morbific  effluvia;  but  the  author  includes  under 
it,  also,  antiseptics  or  agents  that  are  capable  of 
removing  any  incipient  or  fully  formed  septic 
condition  of  the  living  body,  or  of  any  part 
of  it. 

DISINFECTING  LIQUID,  SIR  WILLIAM 
BURNETT'S,  see  Burnett's  Disinfecting  Liquid 
— d.  Liquid,  Labarraque's,  Liquor  sodffi  chlori- 
natae — d.  Liquid  of  Ledoyen,  see  Ledoyen's  dis- 
infecting liquid. 

DISINFECTION,  Disinfec'fio.  Same  etymon, 
(F.)  Desinfection.  The  act  of  destroying  mias- 
mata, with  which  the  air,  clothing,  &c.,  may  be 
infected.  Various  means  have  been  proposed  for 
this  purpose.  Those  most  commonly  employed 
are :  chlorine,  sulphurous  and  chlorohydric  acid 
gases,  vapours  of  vinegar,  nitrous  acid,  and  what 
is,  perhaps,  the  most  manageable  of  any,  and 
equally  efBcacious,  chlorinated  lime,  or  any  of  the 
chlorides  of  the  alkalies.  It  is  questionable  if 
any  chemical  action  occur  between  these  agents 
and  the  miasmata,  whence  results  a  compound 


DISJUNCT! MORBI 


!07 


DISTILLATION 


which  is  harmless.  Disinfection  also  includes 
the  action  of  antiseptics. 

Chlorine  or  Oxynmriat'ie  Ftimiga'tion,  Solu'- 
tio  alexite'ria  Gaubza'na,  Fumiga'tio  antiloim'- 
ica  Gau'hii,  Alexite' rium  chlo'ricum,  Fumiga'tio 
Quytonien'sis,  is  made  by  adding  common  salt 
^iij,  to  black  oxide  of  manganese  ^j,  sulpJiuric 
acid  5J,  and  water  f^ij.  This  may  be  carried 
through  an  apartment,  or  he  shut  up  in  it. 

Nitrous  Fumiga'tion,  Alexite'rium  Ni'tricum, 
Fumiga'tio  Smythia'na,  may  be  formed  by  placing 
nitrate  of  potass  ^iv,  and  sulphuric  acid  gij,  in  a 
saucer  on  hot  sand. 

DISJUNC'TI  MORBI.  (From  dis,  and  jun- 
gere,  junctum,  'to  join.')  Disjoined  diseases. 
Fernelius  has  thus  denominated  diseases  which 
occupy  different  organs,  and  are  not  produced  by 
each  other. 

DISK,  BLOOD,  Globule  of  the  blood  — d.  In- 
tervertebral, Intervertebral  Cartilage — d.  Prolige- 
rous,  see  Proligerous  Disk. 

DISLOCATIO  LIENIS  SEU  SPLENIS, 
Splenectopia. 

DISLOCATION,  Luxation. 

DISMAL.  Melancholy. 

DISOD'ICUS,  from  in;,  'twice,'  and  olog, 
'threstiold.'     Having  a  double  opening. 

DISOMATOUS,  see  Disomus. 

DISO'MUS,  (P.)  Disome,  from  dis,  and  ciay-a, 
'body.'  A  monster  with  two  bodies.  Such  a 
monster  is  said  to  be  disom'atous. 

DISORDER,  see  Disease. 

DISORDERED,  Sick. 

DISORGANIZA'TION,  Organo'rwn  destruc- 
tio,  (F.)  Desorganisation.  A  complete  morbid 
change  in  the  structure  of  an  organ,  or  even  total 
destruction  of  its  texture.  In  sphacelus  and 
sloughy  ulcers,  we  have  examples  of  this  change. 

DISPENSAIRE,  Dispensary,  Dispensatory. 

DISPEN'SARY,  Disp)ensa'rium,  from  dispen- 
dere,  {dis,  and  pendere,  pensuni,  'to  weigh,')  'to 
take  from  a  weight  or  mass,'  'to  distribute.'  The 
shop  or  place  in  which  medicines  are  prepared. 
Also,  an  institution  in  which  the  poor  are  fur- 
nished with  advice  and  necessary  medicines.  (F.) 
Dispensaire.  This  word  is  also  used  by  the  French 
synonymously  with  Dispensatory. 

DISPENSA'TION,  Disjyensa'tio,  Dicece'sis, 
Epineme'sis.  Same  etymon.  The  composition 
and  distribution  of  medicines  according  to  pre- 
scription. In  France,  it  is  more  commonly  ap- 
plied to  the  weighing,  measuring,  and  arranging 
of  the  articles  which  have  to  enter  into  a  formula, 
prior  to  combining  them. 

DISPENSATOR,  Apothecary. 

DISPEN'SATORY,  Dispensato'rium ;  same 
etymon.  Antidota'rium,  Liber  Pharmaceut'icns, 
(F.)  Dispensaire.  A  book  which  treats  of  the 
composition  of  medicines.  A  Dispensatory  dif- 
fers from  a  Pharmacopoeia,  in  containing  the  phy- 
sical and  medicalhistoryof  the  various  substances; 
whilst  the  Pharmacopoeia  is  mainly  restricted  to 
the  mode  of  preparing  them.  The  Pharmacopoeia 
too,  is  published  under  the  authority  of,  and  by 
the  members  of  a  college  or  association ;  whilst  a 
Dispensatory  contains  the  whole  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia or  Pharmacopoeias,  with  additions  by  the 
author,  under  whose  authority  alone  it  usually 
appears.  The  Pharmacopoeia,  in  other  words,  is 
officinal;  the  Dispensatory,  generally,  private. 
Formerly,  the  words  were  used  indiscriminately. 
See  Formulary,  and  Pharmacopoeia. 

DISPLACED,  see  Percolation. 

DISPLACEMENT,  Percolation. 

DISPOSIT"ION,  Disposit"io,  from  dis,  and  po- 
nere,  positum,  'to  put  or  set.'  A  particular  condition 
of  the  body,  which  renders  it  susceptible  of  alter- 
ing, suddenly,  to  a  state  of  health  or  disease ; — 
of  improving,  or  becoming  changed  for  the  worse. 


The  disposition  to  phthisis  pulraonalis  is  some- 
times so  strong,  owing  to  original  conformation, 
that  the  disease  will  make  its  appearance,  not- 
withstanding every  care.     See  Diathesis. 

DISPUTATIO,  Thesis. 

DISQUE  PROLIGERE,  Proligerous  Disk. 

DISQUES  INTERVERTEBRAUX,  Inter- 
vertebral cartilages  —  d.  Sanguins,  Globules  of 
the  blood. 

DISRUP'TIO,  from  disrumpere,  {dis,  and  rum- 
piere,)  'to  break  off.'  A  puncture,  which  interests 
deep-seated  parts. 

DISSECTING  ANEURISM,  see  Aneurism. 

DISSECTIO,  Dissection— d.  Tendinum,  Te- 
notomy. 

DISSECTION,  Dissee'tio,  from  dissecare,  (dis, 
and  secure,  sectum,  'to  cut,')  'to  cut  open  ;'  Diac'- 
ope,  Sec'tio  Anatom'ica,  Practical  Anatomy,  Ke- 
crot'omy.  An  operation,  by  which  the  different 
parts  of  the  dead  body  are  exposed,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  studying  their  arrangement  and  structure. 
Dissection  has  received  various  names,  according 
to  the  organ  concerned  ;  —  as  Osteotomy,  Syndes- 
motomy,  Myotoyny,  Angiotomy,  Neurotomy,  Des- 
motojiiy,  &o. 

DISSECTOR,  Prosec'tor,  Pro'tomus,  same 
etymon,  {Y.)  Prosecteur.  A  practical  anatomist. 
One  who  prepares  the  parts  for  the  anatomical 
lecture. 

DISSEPIMENTUM  NARIUM,  Septum  na- 
rium — d.  Thoracis,  Mediastinum. 

DISSEPTUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISSERTATION,  INAUGURAL,  Thesis. 

DISSIDENTIA,  Diastasis. 

DISSIPIUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISSOLUTIO  SANGUINIS,  Hsemateclysis 
— d.  Ventriculi,  Gastromalacia. 

DISSOLU'TION,  Dissolu'tio,  Dial'ysis,  from 
dissolvere,  (dis,  and  solvere,  solutum,)  'to  loosen,' 
'to  melt.'  This  word  is  in  frequent  use,  in  the 
writings  of  the  humorists.  It  is  emploj'ed,  par- 
ticularly, in  speaking  of  the  blood, — to  designate, 
not  its  entire  decomposition  or  putrefaction,  hut 
a  diminution  in  its  consistence. 

DISSOL  UTION,  Solution. 

DISSOL  VANTS,  Dissolventia. 

DISSOLVEN'TIA,  Solvents,  (F.)  Dissolvants. 
Same  etymon.  Medicines  believed  to  be  capable 
of  dissolving  swellings,  concretions,  &c.  Discu- 
tients,  Resolvents. 

DISTAD;  from  disto,  [di,  and  eto,)  'to  stand 
apart.'  Away  from  a  centre.  Towards  the  far 
extremity.  In  anatomy,  used  by  Dr.  Barclay 
adverbially,  to  signify  'towards  the  distal  aspect.' 

DISTAL  ASPECT.  An  aspect  of  a  bone  from 
the  trunk,  or  towards  the  extremity. — Barclay. 

DISTEMPER,  Disease. 

DISTEMPERANTIA,  Dyscras 

DISTEMPERED,  Sick. 

DISTENSIO,  Diatasis,  Tension,  Tetanus  — d. 
Nervorum,  Convulsion. 

DISTENTION  DE  LA  VESICULE  DU 
FIEL,  Turgescentia  vesicae  feller. 

DISTIGHI'ASIS,  Distich'ia,  Districk'ia,  Dis- 
trichiasis,  Distos'chia,  Distoechi'asis,  from  in, 
'double,'  and  trTi')(^o;,  'a  row.'  An  increased  num- 
ber of  eyelashes  ,•  some  turned  towards  the  eye, 
and  irritating  the  organ;  whilst  others  preserve 
their  natural  direction. — Galen,  Paulus  of  ^gina. 
See  Entropion. 

J)lSTILLA'T10'!^,Destilla'tio,Stalpg'mos,from 
destillare,  (de,  and  stiltare,)  'to  drop,  little  by  lit- 
tle.' Catastalag'mos.  An  operation,  by  which — by 
the  aid  of  heat  and  in  close  vessels — the  volatile 
are  separated  from  the  fixed  parts  of  bodies,  with 
the  view  of  collecting  the  former,  when  con- 
densed in  appropriate  receivers.  The  ancients 
distinguished  distillation  per  latus,  per  ascen'sum, 
and  per  deseen'sum,  according  to  the  direction 


DISTOCIA 


308 


DITLISMUS 


■which  the  volatilized  matters  were  made  to  take. 
In  distillation  per  latus,  the  apparatus  is  so 
arranged,  that  the  vapour  passes  horizontally 
through  a  succession  of  spaces  before  reaching 
the  receiver.  Distillation  per  ascensum  is  the 
ordinary  method  by  the  still.  In  distillation  per 
descensum,  the  fire  is  applied  above  and  around 
the  top  of  the  apparatus;  and  it  is  so  arranged 
that  the  vapour  must  pass  downwards.  When 
drj'  organic  matter  is  placed  in  an  apparatus  for 
distillation,  and  heat  is  applied  until  all  volatile 
matter  is  driven  out,  the  process  is  called  dry  or 
destructive  distillation. 

Distillation,  Destructive,  see  Distillation — 
d.  Dry,  see  Distillation  —  d.  Per  Ascensum,  see 
Distillation — d.  Per  Descensum.  see  Distillation — 
d.  Per  Latus,  see  Distillation. 

DISTOC'IA,^  JDitoc'ia,  from  St;,  '  twice/  and 
toko;,  '  birth.'  Delivery  of  twins. 
DIST(ECHIA,  Distichiasis. 
DISTCECHIASIS,  Distichiasis. 
DIS'TOMA  HEPAT'ICUM,  Dis'tomnm  hepat'- 
iciim,  from  6l;,  and  arojia,  'mouth.'  Fasci'ola 
hepat'ica  seu  huma'na  seu  lonceola'ta,  Plana'ria 
latius'cnla,  Gourd-worm,  Fluke,  Liver  Fluke, 
(F.)  Douve,  D.  du  Foie.  An  obovate,  flat  worm, 
an  inch  in  length,  and  nearly  an  inch  broad; 
sometimes  found  in  the  gall-bladder  of  man, 
whence  it  occasionally  passes  into  the  intestinal 
canal.  It  is  one  of  the  most  common  varieties 
of  worms,  infesting  the  livers  of  the  sheep,  goat, 
ox,  stag,  fallow-deer,  horse,  ass,  hog,  hare,  &q. 
The  treatment  is  like  that  required  for  other 
worms.  DisTOMA  seu  Distomum  lanceola'tuii, 
a  different  species,  has  been  found  in  the  biliary 
ducts  of  man, — and  of  different  pbytivorous  mam- 
malia.— Mehliss. 

DiSTOJtA  Oc'ULI  Hdjia'ni,  Dis'tomnm  oc'uli 
huma'ni.  A  parasite  once  observed  in  the  eye  of 
a  child  who  had  suffered  from  lenticular  cataract. 
— (Jescheidt. 

DISTOMUM  H^MATOBIUM,  see  Worms  — 
d.  Hepaticum,  Distoma  hepaticum. 

DISTORSIO,  Distortion,  Sprain,  Strabismus 
— d.  Oris.  Canine  laugh. 

DISTOR'TION,  Distor'sio,  Intor'sio,  from  dis- 
torquere,  {dis,  and  torqnere,  tortum,)  'to  wrest 
aside.'  Diastreni'rna,  Dias'trophe,  Liyys'ma,  (F.) 
Distorsion.  Usually  applied  to  the  preternatural 
curvature  of  a  bone ;  as  distortion  of  the  spine, 
limbs,  &c.  It  signifies,  also,  a  morbid  state  of 
the  muscles  of  the  eye,  constituting  squinting  or 
strabismus. 

DISTORTOR  ORIS,  Zygomatieus  major. 
DISTRIBUTORIA  LACTEA  THORACICA, 
Thoracic  duct. 

DISTRICHIA,  Distichiasis. 
DISTRICHIASIS,  Distichiasis. 
DISTRIX,  from  5,s,  'double,'  and  5p,f,  'the 
hair.'      Trichio'sis  distrix,  Fissu'ra   capillo'rum. 
Hairs  of  the  scalp,  weak,  slender,  and  splitting  at 
their  extremities. 
DITOCIA.  Distocia. 

DITRACHYC'ERAS,  from  3<f,  'two,' rpaxv;, 
'rough,'  and  Kepag,  'horn.'  A  genus  of  intestinal 
worms.  The  D itr achy c' eras  rudis,  Die' eras  rudis, 
(F.)  Bicorne  rude.  This  fancied  entozoon  was 
first  observed  in  the  evacuations  of  a  female,  by 
M.  Sultzer,  of  Strasburg.  It  is  of  a  fawn  colour, 
from  3  to  5  lines  in  length,  with  an  oval  head, 
flattened  and  terminating  in  a  point  posteriorly  ; 
contained  in  a  membranous  sac,  and  furnished 
anteriorly,  with  a  bifurcated,  rugous  horn.  Laen- 
nec  considers  it  a  vesicular  worm  or  hydatid.  Ac- 
cording to  Yon  Siebold,  there  is  no  such  ento- 
zoon. The  undigested  seed  of  the  mulberry, 
which  had  been  eaten,  was  mistaken  for  it. 
DITTANDER,  Lepidium  sativum. 
DITTANY,    Cunila   Mariana— d.    American, 


Cunila  Mariana — d.  Bastard,  Dictamnus  albus — 
d.  of  Crete,  Origanum  dictamnus — d.  Mountain, 
Cunila  Mariana. 

DITTECOIA,  Double  hearing. 
DITTOPIA,  Diplopia. 
DITTOPSIA,  Diplopia. 

DIURESI^STH  E'SIS,  DiureticocBsthe'sis, 
UresicBsthe' sis ;  from  ^Lovptiv,  'to  pass  the  urine,' 
and  aiadrjai;,  '  feeling.'  The  desire  or  want  to 
pass  the  urine. 

DIURE'SIS,  Diurism,  from  iia,  'through  or 
by,'  and  ovpciii,  'I  pass  the  urine.'  (F.)  Diurese. 
An  abundant  excretion  of  urine. 

DIURET'IC,    Diuret'icus,    Ischuret'ic,    same 
etymon ;     JJret'icus,    Urina'lia.     (P.)  Diuretiqne. 
A  medicine  which  has  the  property  of  increasing 
the  secretion  of  urine.     Diuretics  act  by  produc- 
ing a  discharge  of  the  watery  and  other  parts 
of  the  blood ;  and,  by  such  discharge,  indirectly 
promote  absorption  over  the  whole  system.  Hence, 
they  are  employed  in  dropsy.     The  following  are 
the  chief  Diuretics:  —  Cantharis  ;  Cantharis  Vit- 
tata;  Potassae  Acetas;  Potassse  Liquor;  Cahinca; 
Colchici  Radix;  Colchici  Semen;  Digitalis;  Dios- 
ma  Crenata;    juniperus;    Oleum  Terebinthinse ; 
Potassse  Nitras;  Potassse  Bitartras ;  Scilla;  Sodaa 
Sales,  and  Spiritus  ^theris  Nitrici. 
DIURETICA,  Arnica  Montana. 
DIURETICO-^STHESIS,  Diuresiaisthesis. 
DIURISM,  Diuresis. 
DIYARICATIO,  Ectropion. 
DIVERSORIUM  CHYLI,Receptaeulnm  chyli. 
DIVERTICULA    SPIRITUUM   ANIMA- 
LIUM,  Ganglions,  nervous. 

DIVERTICULUM,  Devertic'nlum.  (F.)  Di- 
verticide.  '  A  turning;' from  divertere,  (di,  and 
vertere,)  'to  turn  aside.'  A  blind  tube  branch- 
ing out  of  the  course  of  a  longer  one.  An  organ 
which  is  capable  of  receiving  an  unusual  quan- 
tity of  blood,  when  the  circulation  is  obstructed 
or  modified  elsewhere,  is  said  to  act  as  a  diverti- 
culum. Also,  a  malformation  or  diseased  appear- 
ance of -a  part,  in  which  it  passes  out  of  its  regu- 
lar course.  It  is  sometimes  applied  to  such  a 
condition  of  the  alimentary  canal.  Also,  a  hole 
to  get  out  at.     A  by-passage.     See  Ectrope. 

Divertic'ulum  Nuc'kii.  The  opening  through 
which  the  round  ligaments  of  the  uterus  pass.  — 
Parr. 

Diverticulum  Pharynois,  Pharyngoeele. 
DIVI'DING,  Div'idens,  trom  dividere,  divisum, 
[di  or  dis,  and  the  Hetruscan  verb  iduo,  'to  part 
or  portion.')     (F.)  Divisif.     That  which  divides 
or  separates. 

Dividing  Bandage,  Fas'cia  div'idens,  fF.) 
Bandage  divisif,  is  a  bandage  employed  for  the 
purpose  of  keeping  parts  separated  from  each 
other.  It  is  used  particularly  to  prevent  improper 
union;  as  in  cases  of  burns  of  the  neck  or  other 
parts. 

DIVINATIO,  Mantia, 
DIVISIF,  Dividing. 

DIVISION,  Divis'io,  Dirn'resis.  Same  etymon. 
The  accidental  separation  of  parts  naturally 
united;  in  other  words,  a  wound  or  solution  of 
continuity.  Most  frequently,  however,  it  means 
an  operation,  which  consists  in  cutting  certain 
parts,  with  the  view  of  fulfilling  some  therapeu- 
tical indication. 

DIVUL'SIO,  Dias'pasis,  from  divellcre,  {dis, 
and  vellere,  vulsum,)  '  to  pull  asunder.'  A  term 
used  in  Surgery,  to  express  the  rupture  or  lacera- 
tion of  organs  by  external  violence. 

DivuLSio  Urin^,  Cloudiness  of  urine.  —  See 
Enseorema. 

DIXON'S  ANTIBILIOUS  PILLS,  Pilulse 
antibiliosae. 

DIYLISIS.  Colatio. 
DIYLISMUS,  Colatio. 


DIZZINESS 


309 


DOIGT 


DIZZINESS,  Vertigo. 

DIZZY,  Vertiginous. 

DOCCIONE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  at  Lucca,  in  Italy.     It  is  thermal  saline. 

DOCH'ME,  iox^n-  A  measure  of  the  Greeks, 
equal  to  about  four  fingers'  breadth  :  Dactylo- 
doch'me. 

DOCIMA'SIA,  JDocimcii'tice,  I)ocimo8tolog"ia, 
from  (5o(ci/<a(u,  '  I  try  or  prove  the  quality  of  any 
thing.'     The  act  of  assaying. 

Docima'sia  MEDiCAMENTo'Ruir  ET  Veneno'- 
RUM.     The  testing  of  medicines  and  poisons. 

DocurA'siA  PuLMo'NUir,  D.  Pulmona'lis,  Pne- 
ohiomanti'a,  Pneiiohiomanti'a,  Pneohioman'tica. 
Lang  proof,  Respiration  proof.  Different  proofs 
to  which  the  organs  of  respiration  of  a  new-born 
child  are  subjected,  for  the  purpose  of  detecting 
whether  it  has  or  has  not  respired  after  birth  ;  in 
other  words,  whether  it  was  born  alive  or  dead; 

—  Pneuaiobiogno'sis,  Pneusiobioa'cope.  These 
consist,  chiefly,  1.  In  testing  them  with  water, 
for  the  purpose  of  seeing  whether  the  lungs  are 
specifically  heavier  or  lighter  than  that  fluid. 
This  is  called  Docima' sia  P almo' num  hydrostat'ica 
or  the  Hydrostatic  Test.  If  lighter,  it  would  be 
some  evidence  that  the  foetus  had  respired  :  2. 
In  comparing  the  weight  of  the  lungs  with  that 
of  the  whole  body;  the  weight  of  lungs  in  which 
respiration  has  taken  place  being  nearly  twice  as 
great.  This  is  Docima' sia  Piilmo'iium  Stat'ica, 
or  Ploucquet's  Test;  and,  3.  By  measuring  the 
circumference  of  the  thorax  and  lungs;  and  com- 
paring their  dimensions  with  those  of  an  infant 
which  has  not  respired.  That  is  Daniel's  Test. 
These  tests,  singly,  afford  only  probable  evi- 
dence; but  when  united,  the  deductions  may  be 
more  conclusive. 

DOCIMASIOLOaiA,  Docimasia. 

DOCK,  Rumex — d.  Bitter,  Rumex  obtusifolius 

—  d.  Bloody,  Rumex  sanguineus  —  d.  Blood}'- 
veined,  Rumex  sanguineus  —  d.  Blunt-leaved, 
Rumex  obtusifolius. 

Dock  Cresses,  Lapsana. 

Dock,  Curled,  Rumex  crispus — d.  Sour,Rumex 
acetosus,  R.  crispus — d.  Sour,  boreal,  Oxyria  reni- 
formis  —  d.  Spatter,  Nuphar  advena  —  d.  Water, 
Rumex  hydrolapathum — d.  Wild,  sharp-pointed, 
Rumex  aeutus — d.  Yellow,  Rumex  crispus. 

DOCKEN,  Rumex. 

DOCNA  SURA.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  spring  is  in  the  Krapach  mountains.  The 
water  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of  lime,  silica, 
and  iron. 

DOGTEUR,  Doctor,  Physician. 

DOCTOR,  Med'icus,  from  doctus,  'learned;' 
'  un  homme  qui  devrait  etre  docte.'  A  Physician. 
(Sc.)  Medcinare,  Ifedieinar.  (P.)  Doctenr,  Me- 
deein.  Frequently  applied  to  anyone  who  prac- 
tises medicine  ;  although  properly  confined  to  him 
who  has  received  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medi- 
cine.    See  Physician. 

To  Doctor  is  sometimes  used,  vulgarly,  for  to 
"treat  with  drugs." 

DOCTORS'  STUFF,  see  Medicament. 

DOCTRINA  GALLIANA,  Craniology— d.  So- 
teria,  Medicina. 

DOCTRINE  HOMOEO-ORGANIQUE,  Ho- 
moeopathy. 

DOCTRINE,  MED'ICAL,  Doctri'na  Med'ica. 
The  principles  or  positions  of  any  medical  sect 
or  master.  Medicine  has  been  too  full  of  doc- 
trines. One  of  the  first  was  that  of  Herodicus 
of  Selivrgea,  who  recommended  gymnastic  exer- 
cises in  disease.  The  chief  founders  of  doctrines 
have  been  Hippocrates,  Serapion  of  Alexandria, 
Philinus  of  Cos,  Herophilus,  Asclepiades,  The- 
mison  of  Laodicea,  Thessalus  of  Tralles,  Soranus 
of  Ephesus,  Leonides  of  Alexandria,  Athenasus 


of  Attalia,  Archigenes  of  Apamaea,  Agathinus  of 
Sparta,  Galenus,  Paracelsus,  John  Baptist  van 
Helmont,  Sylvius  de  le  Boe,  Keill,  Hamberger, 
Pitcairne,  H.  Boerhaave,  J.  D.  Stahl,  Frederick 
Hoffmann,  George  Baglivi,  Cullen,  Darwin,  John 
Brown,  Beddoes,  Girtanner,  Reil,  Rush,  Rasori, 
and  Broussais. 

Doctrine,    Physiological,  Broussaism. 
DODDER,  Cuscuta  glomerata — d.  American, 
Cuscuta  glomerata  —  d.  of  Thyme,  Cuscuta  epi- 
thymum. 

DODECADACTYLITIS.  Duodenitis. 
DODECADACTYLON,  Duodenum. 
DODECAPHAR'MACUM,   from  5ui5«a, 
'twelve,'  and  (papfiaKov,  'a  medicine.'     An  ancient 
name  given  to  all  medicines  which  consisted  of 
twelve  ingredients.  See  Apostolorum  Ungueiitum. 
DODECATH'EON,  from  ioiS^Ka,  'twelve,'  and 
TiSriiit,  'I  put.'     An  antidote,  consisting  of  twelve 
simple  substances. — Paulus  of  ^gina. 

DoDECATHEON,  Sanicula — -d.  Plinii,  Pinguicola 
vulgaris. 

DODON^A,  Myriea  gale. 
DodoNje'a   Thunbergia'-va.     A  shrub  of  the 
Nat.  Ord.  Sapindacese,  which  grows  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope.     A  decoction  of  the  root  is  used 
as  a  gentle  cathartic  in  fever. 
DODRANS,  Spithama. 
DOGCHOAK,  Cynanche. 

DOGDAYS,  (F.)  Jours  Caniculaires.  During 
these  days,  comprised  between  the  24th  of  July 
and  the  2.3d  of  August,  the  temperature  of  the 
air  in  Europe  is  generally  high  and  oppressive. 
They  have  received  this  name  from  the  dogstar, 
Canic'ula,  Xctpiog,  Si'riiis  —  a  very  brilliant  star 
in  the  constellation  of  the  great  dog,  which  rises 
and  sets,  at  this  time,  with  the  sun.  It  was  for- 
merly believed  to  be  a  period  particularly  un  pro- 
pitious to  health  ;  that  it  was  dangerous  to  purge 
during  it ;  and  other  phantasies  were  indulged  in 
regard  to  it. 

DOGGRASS,  Triticum  repens. 
DOGHIP,  see  Rosa  canina. 
DOGMAT'IC,  from  the  Greek  ioyfia,  Soyfiarog, 
from  SoKcii),  'I  think.'  Dogmat'ieus,  (F.)  Dogrtiu- 
tiqiie.  The  name  of  an  ancient  medical  sect ;  so 
called,  because  its  members  endeavoured,  by  rea- 
soning, to  discover  the  essence  of  diseases  and 
their  occult  causes  ;  whilst  the  Empirics,  their 
rivals,  confined  themselves  strictly  to  experience; 
i.  e.,  to  the  observation  of  facts.  The  union  of 
the  two  modes  of  investigation  makes  the  rational 
physician.  These  sectarians  are  likewise  called 
Dog'matists,  and  their  doctrine  Dog'matism.  The 
founders  of  the  sect  were  Hippocrates,  Thessalus, 
Draco,  and  Polybius  ;  and  the  most  celebrated 
of  its  supporters  were  Diodes  of  Carysta,  Praxa- 
goras  of  Cos,  Chrysippus  of  Soli,  Herophilus, 
Erasistratus,  &c. 

DOGS'  BANE,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium — 
d.  Bane,  bitter,  Apocynum  androsasmifolium. 
DOGS'  GRASS,  Triticum  repens. 
DOGS'  STONES,  Orchis  mascula. 
DOGSTAR,  Canicula. 
DOGTREE,  Cornus  Florida. 
DOGWOOD,  Cornus  Florida  — d.  Blueberried, 
Cornus  sericea  —  d.  Female,  Cornus  sericea  —  d. 
Florid,  Cornus  Florida — d.  Great  flowered,  Cornus 
Florida — d.  Jamaica,  Piscidia  erythrina — d.  New 
England,   Cornus   sericea  —  d.  Panicled,  Cornus 
paniculata  —  d.  Pond,  Cephalanthus  oecidentalis 
— d.  Silky-leaved,  Cornus  sericea — d.  Virginian, 
male,  Cornus  Florida — d.  Round-leaved,  Cornus 
circinata — d.  Striped,  Acer  Pennsylvanicum — d. 
Swamp,    Cornus    sericea,    Ptelea    trifoliata — d. 
White,  Cornus  paniculata. 

DOIGT,  Digitus  —  d.  Auriculaire,  Auricular 
finger  —  d.  Milieu,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Petit,  see  Di- 
gitus— d.  Surnumeraire,  Digitus  supernumerarius. 


DOIGTIER 


310 


DORSUM 


DOIGTIER,  Digitale,  Digitalis  —  d.  d'Asdru- 
hali,  see  Digitale.       , 
BOTGTS  PAL3IES,  Dactylion. 
DOITTRIE,  see  Dementia. 
DOKE.  Contusion. 
DOLABRA,  Ascia,  Doloire. 
DOLIC,  Dolichos. 

DOLICHOCEPH'AL^  (GENTES):  from  io- 
Xi;^os,  'long,' and  Kt<j>aXri,  'head.'  'Longheads.' 
Nations  of  men  whose  cerebral  lobes  completely 
cover  the  cerebellum  —  as  the  Kelts,  Germans, 
negroes,  <fec.---E,etzius. 

DOLICHOCEPHA'LIA;  same  etymon.  Mon- 
strosity, in  which  the  head  is  abnormously  long. 
DOL'ICHOS,  from  Bo'Sixo?,  'long.'  A  genus 
of  plants  of  the  leguminous  family,  (F.)  Dolic, 
Bolique.  It  includes  a  number  of  species,  gene- 
rally indigenous  in  India  or  America.  The  DoV- 
ichos  Lahlah,  or  Lahlab,  is  found  in  Egypt. 
(Prospero  Alpini.)  Its  fruit  is  eaten  there,  like 
the  haricot  with  us.  The  Dol'ichos  Siiien'sis,  is 
eaten  in  China,  and  is  stored  up  as  a  provision 
for  long  voyages.  The  Dol'icJios  Tubero'sus,  (P.) 
Pois  Patate  of  Martinique,  has  tuberous  roots  of 
the  size  of  both  fists,  and  has  the  consistence  and 
taste  of  the  turnip.  The  Dol'ichos  Bulbo'sus  of 
the  West  Indies  resembles  the  turnip  ; — and  from 
the  seeds  of  th43  Dol'ichos  So/a,  the  Japanese  pre- 
pare the  well-known  sauce  Soy,  which  they  term 
Sooja.     The  most  important  in  medicine  is  the 

Dol'ichos  Pru'riens,  Dol'ichos,  Stizolo'hium, 
3Iucu'na  2'>ru'rieii3,  Negre'tia  pru'riens,  Gowhag.e, 
Cowitch,  Adsaria  Pala.  Order,  Leguminosse. 
(F.)  Pois  a  gratter.  The  stiff  hairs  of  the  Doli- 
chos Pods,  called  Dolichos  Pubes,  D.  Prurien'tia 
jnibes,  Dolichi  Seta  Le(jn'minum,  Lanu'go  Sil'i- 
qum  hirsu'tcB,  BIucu' na  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are  the  parts 
used  in  medicine.  They  excite  an  intolerable, 
prurient  sensation,  when  applied  to  the  skin  ;  but 
do  not  irritate  the  mucous  membrane  over  which 
they  pass,  when  administered  internally.  The 
Dolichos  is  a  mechanical  anthelmintic,  and  is 
useful  in  cases  of  ascarides  lumbricoides,  and 
oxyures  vermiculares.  Dose,  gr,  v  to  x,  of  the 
pubes,  in  molasses. 

Macu'na  prnri'ta,  a  distinct  species,  but  pos- 
sessing similar  properties,  grows  in  the  East 
Indies. 

DOLIQUE,  Dolichos. 

DOLOIRE  (¥.),  As'cia,  Dola'hra,  'a  carpen- 
ter's axe.'  A  Bandage  en  doloire  is  one  in  which 
the  turns  are  so  placed,  that  each  one  covers  two- 
thirds  of  that  which  is  immediately  beneath  it. 
It  has  received  the  name  Doloire  from  its  repre- 
senting the  obliquity  of  the  edge  of  the  instrument 
whose  name  it  bears.     See  Bandage. 

DOLOR,  Pain — d.  Ani,  Proctalgia — d.  Capitis, 
Cephalalgia — d.  Cephalicus,  Cephalalgia — d.  Co- 
licus,  Colic — d.  Crucians  faciei,  Neuralgia,  facial 
— d.  Dentium,  Odontalgia- — d.  Dentium  a  stridore, 
Hsemodia — d.  Faciei,  Neuralgia,  facial — d.  Ischi- 
adicus  nervosus.  Neuralgia  femoro-poplit^a  —  d. 
Lenis,  Hypodynia — d.  Mitis,  Hypodynia — d.  Ne- 
phreticus.  Nephralgia — -d.  Pectoris  externus,  Pleu- 
rodynia— d.  Pudendorum,  Pudendagra — d.  Rheu- 
maticus  et  arthriticus,  Rheumatism. 

DOLORES  AD  PARTUM,  Pains,  labour— d. 
Intestinorum,  Colic  —  d.  Parturientis,  Pains,  la- 
bour— d.  Post  partum.  Pains,  after— d.  Puerpera- 
rum.  Pains,  after — -d.  Rodentes,  Pains,  gnawing. 
DOLP,  Nates. 

DOMBBY'A  EXCEL'SA,  Aranca'ria  Dom- 
hey'i.  A  tree  of  Chili,  which  furnishes  Dombeya 
turpentine  ;  a  glutinous,  milky-looking  fluid  of  a 
strong  odour  and  taste. 

DOMES'TIC,  Domes'ticns,  from  domus,  'a 
house.'  The  term  Domestic  or  Pop'nlnr  3[ed'i- 
cine,  has  been  given  to  treatises  written  for  the 
purpose  of  enabling  those  who  are  not  of  the  pro- 


fession to  treat  diseases,  which  may  occur  in  their 
families,  without  the  necessity  of  calling  in  a 
physician.  The  term,  likewise,  signifies — Medi- 
cine, when  thus  practised.  It  is  probable,  that 
such  works  have  been  attended  with  mischievous 
as  well  as  advantageous  results. 

DOMINA'RUM  AQUA.  A  medicine  described 
by  Myrepsus,  which  he  considered  emmenagogue. 
DOMPTE-VENIN,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 
DOMUS  LEPROSARIA,  Ladrerie. 
■  DONDO,  Albino. 
DONESIS,  Agitation. 
DOORWEED,  Polygonum. 
DORADILLA,  Asplenium  ceterach. 
DORCADIZON,  Caprizans. 
DOREA,  Hemeralops. 

DOREMA  AMMONIACUM,  see  Ammoniac, 
Gum. 

DORMITATIO,  Somnolency. 
DORMITIO,  Sleep  —  d.  Lucumoriana,  see  Lu- 
cumorianus. 

DOR  ONTO,  Doronicum  pardalianches  —  d. 
d'Allemagne,  Arnica  raontana. 

DORONICUM  ARNICA,  Arnica  montana— d. 
Cordatum,  D.  Pardalianches  —  d.  Germanicum, 
Arnica  montana — d.  Officinale,  D.  Pardalianches 
— d.  Oppositifolium,  Arnica  montana. 

Doron'icdm  Pardalian'ches,  D.  Roma'num 
sen  Corda'ium  seu  Officina'le,  Roman  Leop'ard's 
Bane,  (F.)  Doronic,  Doronique,  Mort  aiix  Pan- 
theres.  The  root  of  this  plant  resembles  Arnica 
Montana  in  its  properties. 

Doronicum  Plantaginis  Folio,  Arnica  mon- 
tana— d.  Romanum,  D.  Pardalianches. 
DORSAD,  see  Dorsal  Aspect. 
DORSAL,  Dorsa'lis,  from  dorsum,  'the  back.' 
Notim'us,  Notal,  Tergal.  Relating  to  the  back 
of  the  body,  or  of  one  of  its  parts;  as  the  Dorsal 
vertebrcB,  nerves,  &o.;  Dorsal  artery  of  the  tongue, 
penis,  (fcc. ;  Dorsal  region  of  the  foot,  hand,  &c.; 
Dorsal  Consumption,  &c. 

Dorsal  Aspect.     An  aspect  towards  the  dor- 
sum or  backbone.  —  Barclay.     Dorsad  is  used  by 
the  same  writer  adverbially,  to  signify  '  towards 
the  dorsal  aspect.' 
DORSAL,  LONG,  Longissimus  dorsi. 
DORSALIS,  Dorsal. 

Dorsa'lis  Penis,  (Nervus.)  The  branch  of 
the  internal  pudic  nerve,  which  is  distributed  to 
the  upper  part  of  the  male  organ;  and  to  the 
clitoris  of  the  female. 

DORSCH,  see  Oleum  jeeoris  aselli. 
DORSE,  see  Oleum  jeeoris  aselli. 
DORSO-COSTAL,  Serratus  posticus  superior 
—d.  Lombo-costal,  Serratus  posticus  inferior — d. 
Lombo-saero-humeral,  Latissimus  dorsi  —  d.  Sus- 
acromien,  Trapezius — d.Trachelon-occipital,  Com- 
plexus. 

DORSTENIA  BRASILIENSIS,  Caa-apia. 
DoRSTENiA  Conteayer'va,  called  after  Dr. 
Dorsten  ;  D.  Housto'nH,  Contrayer'va,  Drake'na, 
Cype'rus  Jongus  odo'rus  seu  Perua'nus,  Bezoar'- 
dica  Radix,  Lisbon  Contrayer'va,  (F.)  Racine  de 
Charcis  ou  de  DracJce  ou  des  Philippines.  Order, 
Urticeaj.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetandria  Monogynia..  A 
plant  of  South  America,  whose  root,  Contrayer'va 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  is  aromatic,  bitter,  and  astringent. 
It  has  been  given  as  a  tonic,  stimulant  and  sudo 
rific.     Dose,  gr.  xij  to  ^ss. 

DoRSTENiA  CoRDiFOLiA,  D.  Brasiliensis  —  d. 
Placentoides,  D.  Brasiliensis — d.  Vitella,  D.  Bra- 
siliensis. 

DORSUM,  Ifotos,  Noton.  The  back.  Metaph'- 
renon,  Tergum,  (Prov.)  Rig,  (F.)  Dos.  The  pos- 
terior part  of  the  trunk,  extending  from  the  infe- 
rior and  posterior  region  of  the  neck  as  far  as  the 
loins.  The  bach  of  the  foot,  Dorsum  pedis,  is  the 
upper  part  of  that  organ,  opposite  the  sole :  the 


DORTCIMUM 


311 


DRACONTIUM 


hach  of  the  hand,  Dorsum  mands,  the  part  op- 
posed to  the  palm.  In  the  same  sense,  we  say 
Dorsum  penis,  Dorsum  nasi,  for  the  upper  part  of 
those  organs. 

DoRSUjr,  Vertebral  column  —  d.  Ephippii,  see 
Sella  turcica — d.  Manus,  Opisthenar. 

DORYCIMUM,  Costus  creticus. 

DOS,  Dorsum. 

DOSAGE,  Posology. 

DOSE,  Dosis,  PrcB'Mum.  The  quantity  of  any 
substance,  which  ought  to  form  part  of  a  com- 
pound medicine,  or  ought  to  be  exhibited  singly, 
to  produce  a  desired  effect.  Many  circumstances 
influence  the  doses  of  medicine.  Women  require 
smaller  doses,  as  a  general  principle,  than  wen. 
Habit  has  a  great  effect,  as  well  as  climate,  age, 
and  idiosyncrasy :  all  these,  and  other  circum- 
stances, must  be  taken  into  account;  and  every 
general  rule  on  the  subject  will  be  found  to  have 
numerous  exceptions.  Some  of  the  mechanical 
physicians  laid  it  down  as  a  rule,  that  the  doses 
of  medicines  must  always  be  as  the  square  of  the 
constitution! — A  matter  not  easy  of  calculation. 

The  following  Tables  will  exhibit  an  approxi- 
mation to  the  proper  doses  (according  to  age)  of 
most  substances. 

Table  of  Doses  according  to  Age. 


Age  24 

18 

14 

7 

4 

3 


Let  the  full  dose  be 
will  require 


1 

2-Sds. 

half. 

l-3d. 

l-4th. 

l-6th. 

1-Rth. 

l-12th. 


1  drachm. 

2  scruples. 
i  drachm. 
1  scruple. 

15  grains. 
10  grains. 

8  grains. 

5  grains. 


The  table  of  doses,  according  to  age,  recom- 
mended by  Dr.  Thomas  Young,  differs  in  some 
respects  from  the  above.  Either  affords  a  suflS- 
cient  general  approximation.     His  rule  is,  that 

For  children,  under  tioelve  years  of  age,  the 
doses  of  most  medicines  must  be  diminished  in 
the  proportion  of  the  age  to  the  age  increased  by 
twelve  : 

o 
Thus,  at  two  years,  to  l-7th;  i.  e.,  l-7th  = 


2  +  12 
At  twenty-one  the  full  dose  is  given. 

Doses,  Broken.  When  an  agent  is  given  in 
small  portions  it  is  said  to  be  in  broken  doses', — 
refraetis  dosihus. 

DOSIOLOGIA,  Posology. 

DOSIS,  Dose. 

DOSSIL,  Bourdonnet. 

DOTAGE,  Dementia. 

DOTHIEN,  Furunculus. 

DOTHlENENTEPtIA,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTHIENENTERIE,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTHINENTERIA,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTIIINENTERI'TIS,  properly  Dothienente- 
ri'tis,  Dothienente)-' ia,  Dothinenter'ia,  Enteri'iis 
pustulo'sa,  Enterodothie'nia,  Helcenteri'tis,  Fol- 
lic'ular  Gastroenteri'tis,  from  io&iriv,  *a  pustule,' 
and  ivrtoov,  'intestine.'  (F.)  Dothinepterite,  Do- 
thinenterie, Dothienenterie,Dothieiienterite.  An  in- 
flammation and  ulceration  of  the  glands  or  folli- 
cles of  Peyer  and  Brunner,  which  Bretonneau 
considers  to  be  the  essence  of  a  large  class  of 
fevers,  particularly  of  those  of  the  typhoid  cha- 
racter.    See  Typhus. 

DOTHION,  Furunculus. 

DOTTRINA  MEDICA  ITALIANA,  Contro- 
stimulus,  (doctrine  of.) 

DOUBLE,  Ingluvies, 


DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS,  see  Conscious- 
ness, double. 

DOUBLE-HEARING,  Dipleco'in,  Ditteco'ia, 
Paracu'sis  duplica'ta  seu  imperfec'ta.  The  ac- 
tion of  the  one  ear  unaccordant  with  that  of  the 
other:  sounds  heard  doubly,  and  in  different  tones 
or  keys. 

DOUBLE-MONSTERS,  see  Duplication. 

DOUBLE-QUARTE,  see  Quartan. 

DOUBLE-QUOTIDIENNE,  see  Quotidian. 

DOUBLE-TIERCE,  see  Tertian. 

DOUOE-AillEBE,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

DOUCHE  (F.).  In  Italian,  doccia :  modern 
Latin,  ducia;  Cataclys'mus,  Douse.  This  term 
is  applied  to  a  column  of  fluid,  of  a  determi- 
nate nature  and  temperature,  let  fall  upon 
the  body.  Pumping  is  a  variety  of  the  Douche. 
In  using  this  kind  of  bath,  the  fluid  is  directed 
upon  the  part  on  which  we  are  desirous  of  acting. 
The  douches  descendantes  are  those  in  which  the 
fluid  falls  from  a  height,— the  douches  ascendan- 
tes,  those  administered  in  diseases  of  the  uterus, 
— the  douches  horizontales,  where  the  fluid  is  im- 
pelled horizontally,  &c.  They  may  be  cold  or 
warm,  according  to  circumstances.  The  appa- 
ratus consists  of  a  reservoir  of  water  having  a 
pipe  or  plug,  by  means  of  which  the  water  can  be 
directed  as  the  practitioner  may  desire.  The 
Douche  communicates  a  considerable  and  peculiar 
shock  to  the  nervous  system  ;  and  is  one  of  the 
most  successful  means  for  taming  the  furious 
maniac.  It  is,  also,  useful  in  chronic  rheumatism, 
stiff  joints,  &o. 

Douches  of  air  are,  also,  occasionally  used,  as 
in  cases  of  obstruction  of  the  Eustachian  tube  by 
mucus.  They  are  sent  from  an  air-press  —  of 
which  Deleau  and  Kramer  have  invented  one 
each — through  a  catheter  introduced  through  the 
nose  into  the  tube. 

DOULEUR,  Pain— d  de  Cote,  Pleurodynia— 
d.  des  Dents,  Odontalgia — d.  de  I' Estomac,  Cardial- 
gia — d.  Nevralgiqne  de  I' Estomac,  Cardialgia — d. 
Pulsative,  see  Throbbing. 

DOULEURS,  Pains, labour — d,  Conquassantes, 
see  Conquassant. 

DOUNT,  Palpitation. 

DOUP,  Nates. 

DOUSE,  Douche. 

DOUVE,  Distoma  hepaticum  —  d.  du  Foie, 
Distoma  hepaticum — d.  Petite,  Ranunculus  flam- 
mula. 

DOWN,  see  Attack. 

DOWP,  Nates. 

DOYLE,  Strabismus. 

DRACHION,  Pugillus. 

DRACHM,  Drachmu,  Dram,  (F.)  Gros.  The 
ancient  name  of  a  piece  of  money,  weighing  the 
eighth  part  of  an  ounce.  At  the  present  day  it 
is  used  for  this  weight. 

DRACO  MITIGATUS,  Hydrargyri  submurias 
— d.  Sylvestris,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

DRACOCEPH'ALUM  CANARIEN'SE, 
D.  Jloldav'icum,  from  SpaKcjv,  'a  dragon,'  and 
K£.((ia\i],  'head,'  from  the  shape  of  the  corolla, 
Melis'sa  Turcica  seu  Canarien'sis,  Cedroncl'la 
triphyl'la,  Alpi'ni  Bal'samum,  TurJcey  or  Cana'ru 
Balsam,  Balm  of  Gil'ead  Tree,  (F.)  Jlelisse  de 
Moldavie.  Ord.  Labiatae.  A  Turkish  and  Sibe- 
rian plant,  which  has  an  aromatic  taste,  joined 
with  an  agreeable  flavour.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
tonic. 

DRACONTHiBMA,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

DRACONTIUM,  Dracunculus.  See,  also,  Dra- 
eontium  foetidum. 

Dracon'tium  Foe'tiddm,  Dracon'tium,  from 
6paKtj}v,  'a  dragon,'  whose  tail  the  roots  resem- 
ble, Icto'des  fai'tidus,  Symplocar'pus  fce'tida, 
Pothos  foe'tida  seu  Puto'rii,  Arum  America'num 


DRACUNCULUS 


31 


DRINK 


letcB  fo'lio,  Spathje'ma  fue'tida,  SJcunh-calbage, 
Skunk-iceed,  Polecat-coUarcJ,  Cow-collard,  Col- 
lard,  Itch-weed,  Stink-poke,  Swamp-cabbage, Pole' - 
cat-weed,  Hel' lebore,  El'lebore,  Irish  cabbage. 
Ord.  Aroideas  or  Araceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria 
Monogynia.  This  indigenous  plant,  as  some  of 
its  names  import,  is  extremely  fetid.  The  pro- 
perty on  which  its  medical  virtues  are  dependent, 
resides  in  a  volatile  principle,  which  is  impaired 
by  long  keeping,  especially  in  powder.  Dose,  of 
the  dried  root,  Bracontium,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  ten  to 
twenty  grains.  It  resembles  asafcetida  and 
other  fetid  gums  in  its  properties ;  in  other  words, 
belongs  to  the  class  of  reputed  antispasmodics. 

Dracontium  Angustis'patha,  Symplocar'pus 
Angustis'piatha,  Narrow-spathed  Skunk-cabbage, 
is  possessed  of  similar  properties. 

DRACUN'CULUS,  diminutive  of  5pa/fQ)v,  'a 
dragon  or  serpent,'  B.  Oor'dius,  Dracon'tinm, 
Vena  Medi'na  Ar'abnm,  Vena  seu  Gor'dius  3Iedi- 
iien'sis,  Jfedinogor'dius,  Vermic'ulus  Capilla'ris, 
FUa'ria  Media  en' sis  seu  Guineen'sis,  Ifalis  Bra- 
eun'cuhis  seu  Gor'dii,  Helminthon' ciis  Medinensis, 
Iluscular  Hairworm,  Bichios,  Bicho,  Guinea 
Worm  or  Threadivorm,  (P.)  Bragonneau,  Ver  de 
Gtiinee,  Ver  Filaire,  V.  de  Iledine,  V.  cutane, 
Veine  ou  Filaire  de  Iledine.  A  genus  of  worms, 
frequently  met  with  in  Indian  and  African  climes. 
They  are  characterized  by  a  filiform  body,  and 
are  smooth  and  nearly  of  equal  thickness  through- 
out. The  Guinea  worm,  when  small,  insinuates 
itself  through  the  cutaneous  pores,  and  pene- 
trates into  the  areolar  membrane  and  between  the 
muscles ;  especially  between  those  of  the  lower 
limbs,  where  it  occasions  a  tumour  like  a  boil, 
■whicl:  subsequently  suppurates,  and  the  head  of 
the  worm  appears  and  emerges  gradually.  The 
head  must  then  be  seized,  and  the  worm  be  cau- 
tiously rolled  round  a  small  cylinder  of  linen  or 
other  substance.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to 
break  it,  as  great  pain  and  obstinate  suppuration 
might  be  the  consequence. 

Considerable  obscurity  rests  on  this  subject. 
Some  even  deny  that  the  cases  of  Dracunculus, 
on  record,  are  really  those  of  worms. 

Dracunculus  Polyphyllus,  Arum  dracuncu- 
lus— d.  Pratensis,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

BRAGEES,  (F.)  Almonds  or  dried  preserves, 
covered  with  white  sugar;  Sugar-plums. 

BEAGEES  BE  KEYSER.     A  pharmaceuti- 
cal   preparation,   formerly    much    celebrated   in 
syphilis.     It  was  composed  of  acetate  of  mercury, 
manna,  starch,  mucilage  and  gum  tragacanth. 
DRAGMA,  Pugillus. 
DRAGMIS,  Pugillus. 

DRAGON  {¥.),  Bragon.  Some  authors  have 
given  this  name  to  opake  spots  on  the  cornea, 
and  to  cataract. 

Dragon  Clatv,  Scaly,  Pterospora  andromedea 
—  d.  Green,  Arum  dracontium  —  d.  Root,  Arum 
triphyllum,  Pterospora  andromedea — d.  Turnip, 
Arum  triphvllum. 

DRAGON'S  BLOOD,  see  Calamus  rotang. 
BRAGONNEAU,  Dracunculus. 
DRAINING,  Besicca'tio,  (F.)  BessecTiement. 
The  act  of  drawing  off  the  water  from  marshes, 
for  the  purpose  of  destroying  the  unhealthy  ema- 
nations which  proceed  from  them.  It  is  a  well 
known  fact,  that  from  marshes  arise  certain  ema- 
nations or  miasmata,  with  the  nature  of  which 
we  are,  however,  totally  unacquainted,  but  which 
are  the  fertile  source  of  intermittents  and  other 
diseases.  Draining  the  soil  and  converting  it 
into  arable  land  changes  its  character,  and  the 
malaria  ceases  to  be  given  off.  It  has  happened, 
however,  that  although  in  some  such  situations 
intermittents  have  been  got  rid  of,  consumptions 
have  taken  their  place. 


DRAITSCH  WATER,  Godesberg,  mineral 
waters  of. 

DRAKENA,  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 
DRAM,  Melancholic. 

BRAPEAU{¥.),  Vexil'lum,  irom  rZra^j, '  cloth.' 
A  bandage,  used  in  wounds,  &o.,  of  the  nose,  to 
keep  the  dressings  in  situ.  It  is  composed  of  a 
small  triangular  compress,  having  two  openings 
at  its  inferior  part,  corresponding  to  those  of  the 
nostrils.  It  is  fixed  by  means  of  a  bandage, 
passing  from  its  superior  angle  over  the  head, 
and  another  passing  round  the  head,  under  the 
orbits,  so  as  to  join  the  first  at  the  nape  of  the 
neck.     Also,  Pterygion. 

BRAP  FANON,  see  Fanon. 

DRASTIC,  Bras'ticus,  Cenot'ic,  (F.)  Brastique, 
from  lipab),  'I  operate  strongly.'  Active.  An 
epithet  given  to  purgatives,  which  operate  power- 
fully ;  as  elaterium,  oil  of  croton,  &c, 

DRAUGHT,  Haustus.  A  term  also  applied, 
by  nurses,  to  the  sudden  rush  of  blood  to  the 
mamma?,  occasioned  in  the  mother  by  the  sight, 
or  even  thought,  of  her  infant,  and  which  occa- 
sions a  greatly-increased  secretion  of  milk. 

Draught,  Black,  see  Infusum  sennse  compo- 
situm. 

DRAWING,  see  Digestives. 

DRAX,  Pugillus. 

DREAM,  Somnium — d.  AVaking,  Hallucination. 

BRECHE,  Malt. 

DREGISTER,  Druggist. 

DREGS,  Feculence. 

DRENCH,  (Sax.  ■ojiencean,  'to  soak.')  To 
give  liquid  physic  by  force.  A  liquid  medicine, 
given  by  violence,  is  called  "a  drench." 

DREPANOIDES,  Falciform. 

DRESS,  Vestitus. 

DRESSER,  from  (F.)  dresser,  'to  put  right.' 
An  hospital  assistant,  whose  ofBce  it  is  to  dress 
wounds,  ulcers,  &q.  He  corresponds  in  function 
to  the  Eleve  externe  of  the  French  hospitals. 

DRESSING,  Cura,  Cura'tio,  (F.)  Pavsement. 
Same  etymon.  The  methodical  application  of 
any  remedy  or  apparatus  to  a  diseased  part. 
Also,  the  remedy  or  apparatus  itself. 

DRIBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  At 
the  small  town  of  Driburg,  near  Pyrmont,  in 
Germany,  there  are  nine  springs,  which  are  rich 
in  saline  ingredients,  iron,  and  carbonic  acid  gas. 
Their  action  on  the  ecomony  is  like  that  of  Pyr- 
mont water.  They  contain  chloride  of  sodium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate 
of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonate  of  iron, 
chloride  of  calcium,  and  chloride  of  magnesium. 

DRIMYPHA'GIA,  from  Spiixvs,  'acrid,'  'aro- 
matic,' and  <payiD,  'I  eat.'  An  aromatic  and  ex- 
citing diet. 

DRIMYS  WINTERI,  Wintera  aromatica. 

DRINK, from  Sax. t)jiencaii,Poma,Po'<!o,Pof!(s, 
Bev'erage,  (F.)  Boisson.  Every  liquid  introduced 
into  the  alimentary  canal  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
pairing the  loss  of  the  fluid  parts  of  the  body. 
The  necessity  for  its  use  is  indicated  by  the  sen- 
sation of  thirst.  Fluid,  taken  during  a  meal,  aids 
in  the  digestion  of  the  food.  Some  drinks  are 
exciting  and  tonic,  as  the  different  varieties  of 
beer,  wine,  a.nd  spirits,  which  we  use  at  table. 
In  a  therapeutical  point  of  view,  drinks  are  used 
to  appease  the  thirst  which  prevails  in  febrile 
affections,  or  to  act  as  diluents  in  those  and  other 
cases. 

The  ordinary  drinks,  according  to  their  chemi- 
cal composition,  are  —  1.  Water,  spring  water, 
river  water,  well  water,  &c. — 2.  Juices  and  infu- 
sions of  Animal  and  Vegetable  substances,  lemon 
juice,  currant  juice,  whey,  tea,  coffee,  mattee,  <fcc. 
—  3.  Fermented  Liquors,  wines,  ale,  beer,  cider, 
perry.  —  4.  Spirituous  Liquors,  brandy,  alcohol. 


DRIVELLING 


313 


DUCKFOOT 


ether,  kirscliwasser,   rum,    arack,    gin,   whisky, 
ratafias,  cordials,  &c. 

DRIVELLINa,  Slavering. 
DROAT,  Throat. 
DRODDUM,  Nates. 
DROGUE,  Drug. 

DROGUIER  {¥.).     Same  etymon  as  drug.    A 
collection  of  different  simple  medicinal  substances. 
A  methodical  collection  of  specimens  of  drugs. 
DROGUISTE,  Druggist. 
DROICH,  Nanus. 

DROIT,  Rectus — d.  de  V Abdomen,  Rectus  ab- 
dominis—^. Anterieur  de  la  cuisse,  Rectus  femoris 
—  d.  Anterieur  de  la  tete,  Rectus  capitis  internus 
minor  —  d.  Anterieur  de  la  tete,  grand,  Rectus 
capitis  internus  major  —  d.  Externe  de  I'ceil,  Rec- 
tus externus  oculi  —  d.  Inferieur  de  Vwil,  Rectus 
inferior  oculi  —  d.  Interne  de  la  cuisse.  Gracilis — 
d.  Interne  de  I'oeil,  Rectus  internus  oculi  —  d. 
Lateral  de  la  tSte,  Rectus  capitis  lateralis  —  d. 
Posterieur  de  la  tete,  grand,  R,ectus  capitis  posti- 
cus major — d.  Posterieur  de  la  tete,  petit.  Rectus 
capitis  posticus  minor — d.  Superieur,  Rectus  su- 
perior oculi. 

DROP,  Gutta  —  d.  Ague,  tasteless.  Liquor  ar- 
senicalis — d.  Black,  Guttse  nigrje — d.  Red,  Ward's, 
see  Vinum  antimonii  tartarizati — d.  Serene, 
Amaurosis. 

DROPACISMUS,  Depilation. 
DROPAX,  Depilatory. 
DROPPED  HANDS,  see  Hands,  dropped. 
DROPS,  ABBE  ROUSSEAU'S,  Laudanum 
Abbatis  Rousseau — d.  Anodyne,  Liquor  morphi- 
nse  acetatis — d.  Antiscorbutic,  Marsden's,  see  In- 
fusum  gentianae  compositum  —  d.  Anti-venereal, 
see  Tinotura  ferri  muriatis  —  d.  Chamomile,  see 
Anthemis  nobilis  —  d.  Dutch,  Balsam  of  sulphur. 
Balsam  of  Turpentine— d.  Fit,  Spiritus  annnoniae 
foetidus,  see  Fuligo  —  d.  Golden,  de  la  Motte's, 
Tinetura  sen  alcohol  sulfurico-sethereus  ferri — d. 
Green's,  see  Liquor  Hydrargyri  oxymuriatis — d. 
Jesuit's,  Tinetura  benzoini  composita — d.  Laven- 
der, Spiritus  Lavandulae  compositus  —  d.  Nitre, 
Spiritus  setheris  nitrici — d.  Norris's,  see  Antimo- 
nium  tartarizatum — d.  Norton's,  Liquor  Hydrar- 
gyri Oxymuriatis  —  d.  Pectoral,  Pectoral  drops, 
Bateman's  —  d.  Peppermint,  Pastilli  de  mentha 
jjiperita  —  d.  Soot,  see  Euligo  —  d.  Wade's,  Tine- 
tura benzoini  composita — d.  White,  Ward's,  see 
Hydrargyri  nitras. 

Drops,  Warburg's.    A  secret  preparation  used 
in  Demarara  under  the  name  of  Warburg's  Fever 
Drop>s.     See  Bebeeru. 
DROPSICAL,  Hydropic. 
DROPSIED,  Hydropic. 

DROPSY,  Hydrops— d.  of  the  Belly,  Ascites— 
d.  of  the  Brain,  Hydrocephalus. 

Dropsy,  Cardiac.  Hydrops  cnrdiacus,  (F.) 
Ilydropisie  cardiaque.  Dropsy,  dependent  on 
disease  of  the  heart. 

Dropsy  op  the  Cellular  Membrane,  Ana- 
sarca— d.  of  the  Chest,  Hj'drothorax — d.  of  the 
Eye,  Hydrophthalmia. 

Dropsy,  Fibrinous.  Dropsy  in  which  the 
effused  fluid  contains  fibrin. 

Dropsy,  General,  Anasarca — d.  of  the  Head, 
Hydrocephalus. 

Dropsy,  Hepat'ic,  Hydrops  hepat'icus,  (F.) 
Hydropisie  hepatique.  Dropsy,  dependent  on 
disease  of  the  liver. 

Dropsy  op  the  Lachrymal  Sac,  Fistula  lacry- 
raalis.  Lachrymal  hernia — d.  of  the  Pericardium, 
Hydropericardium — d.  of  the  Peritoneum,  Ascites 
— d.  of  the  Pleura,  Hydrothorax. 

Dropsy,  Renal,  Hydrops  rena'lis,  (F.)  Hy- 
dropisie renale.  Dropsy,  dependent  on  disease  of 
the  kidney. 

Dropsy,  Water  of,  Serum  of  Serous  mem- 
branes— d  Wind,  Emphysema. 


Dropsy  of  the  Womb,  Hydrometra. 

DROPWORT,  Spiraea  filipendula  — d.  IJ-^m- 
lock,  CEnanthe — d.  Water,  Hemlock,  QSnanthe — 
d.  Western,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

DROPYK,  Hydrops. 

DROS'ERA  ROTUNDIFO'LIA,  from  ^powpo?, 
'dewy,'  ipoaoi,  'dew,'  the  leaf  glands  exuding  a 
clear  fluid  like  dew  drops.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Sundew,  Ros  solis,  Drosiobot' anon,  Dro'- 
siuni,  Rorel'la,  (F.)  Rossolis,  Rosee  du  soleil, 
Uerhe  a  la  rosee.  Ord.  Droscraceas.  This  plant 
has  a  bitter,  acrid,  and  caustic  taste.  It  has 
been  used  aa  a  rubefacient,  and  to  destroy  warts 
and  corns.  It  has,  also,  been  regarded  as  a 
pectoral. 

DROSIOBOTANON,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

DROSISTICON,  see  Bosa. 

DROSIUM,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

DROSOMELI,  Fraxinus  ornus. 

DROW,  Syncope. 

DRUG,  Medicamen'tum,  (F.)  Drogue.  A  name 
ordinarily  applied  to  simple  medicines,  but,  by 
extension,  to  every  substance  employed  in  the 
cure  of  disease.  Menage  derives  it  from  droga, 
and  this  from  the  Persian  droa,  'odour;'  because 
many  drugs  have  a  strong  odour.  It  is,  doubt- 
less, from  the  Teutonic  trochen.  Sax.  tjjiigan,  '  to 
dry.' 

Drug.  To  prescribe  or  administer  drugs. 
Most  commonly,  perhaps,  to  dose  to  excess  with 
drugs.  One  who  so  doses  is  sometimes  called  "a 
drugger."  "  To  drug,"  also  means  to  tincture 
with  some  medicinal  article. 

Drug  Disease.  A  morbid  condition,  which 
is — or  is  presumed  to  be  —  caused  or  kept  up  by 
the  administration  of  drugs. 

Drug-grinder,  see  Pulverization  —  d.  Mill, 
see  Pulverization. 

DRUGGER,  Druggist,  see  Drug. 

DRUGGIST,  Drugger,  Drugster,  (Prov.)  Dre- 
gister.  Same  etymon.  Pharmacopo'la,  Jlateri- 
alis'ta,  Seplasia'rius,  Pharmacopce' as,  (F.)  Dro- 
guiste.     One  who  sells  drugs. 

DRUGSTER,  Druggist. 

DRUM,  Melancholic. 

DRUM  OF  THE  EAR,  Tympanum. 

DRUM-SIEVE,  see  Cribration. 

DRUNKENNESS,  Temulentia. 

DRUNKEWORT,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

DRYING,  Desieca'tion,  Sicca'tio,  Desicea'tio, 
Exsicca'tio,  Xeran'sis,  Auan'sis,  same  etymon  as 
Drug,  (F.)  Dessiccation.  Evaporation  or  removal 
of  the  superfluous  humidity  in  a  body. 

Drying  op  Plants,  Desicea'tio  herba'rum, 
Desieca'tion  of  Plants.  Those  which  are  very 
succulent  should  be  dried  quickly.  They  must  be 
spread  upon  lattice  work,  covered  from  the  light, 
and  exposed  to  the  heat  of  the  sun  or  to  that  of 
a  stove,  not  exceeding  110°  Fahrenheit.  The 
drying  of  less  succulent  plants  can  be  effected  at 
a  lower  temperature.  Flowers  must  be  dried 
very  carefully,  excluding  light.  Seeds  are  dried 
in  a  place  where  there  is  a  free  current  of  air. 
Pulpy  fruits  may  be  exposed  to  a  gentle  heat  in 
a  stove,  which  may  be  gradually  elevated.  Roots 
may  also  be  dried  in  the  stove  :  the  tuberous  re- 
quire to  be  cut  in  slices. 

DRY  NURSE,  see  Nurse 

DTHOKE,  Framboesia. 

DUAL'ITY,  Dual'itas,  from  duo,  'two.'  The 
state  or  quality  of  being  two. 

Duality  of  the  Mind,  or  Brain.  As  the 
organ  consists  of  two  hemispheres,  they  have 
been  regarded  by  some  as  separately  and  dis- 
tinctly concerned  in  the  mental  and  moral  mani- 
festations. 

DUALM,  Syncope. 

DUCKFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 


DUCKLEGGED 


314 


DURE-MERE 


DUCKLEGGED.  Having  short  legs  like  a 
duck. 

DUCKSFOOT,  Podophyllum  montauum. 

DUCT,  ALIMENTARY,  Canal,  alimentary, 
Thoracic  duct. 

Duct  of  Bellini,  Uriniferous  tube. 

Duct,  Nasal,  Lachrymal  duct — d.  Pancre- 
atic, see  Pancreas. 

Duct  op  Pecquet,  Thoracic  duct. 

Duct,  Vitelline,  see  Vesicula  umbiliealis. 

Duct  of  Wirsung,  see  Pancreas. 

DUCTIO  PR^PUTII,  Masturbation. 

DUCTLESS  GLANDS,  see  Ganglion. 

DUCTOR  CANALICULATUS,  Gorget  — d. 
Urinae,  Ureter. 

DUCTULI  RECTI,  see  Rete  testis. 

DUCTUS,  Canal,  Meatus— d.  Arteriosus,  Arte- 
rial duct — d.  Auris  palatinus.  Eustachian  tube. 

Ductus  B artholinia'nus,  Bar'tholin's 
Duct,  (F.)  Canal  de  Bartholin.  The  excretory 
duct  of  the  sublingual  gland. 

Ductus  Belliniani,  Uriniferous  tubes 
— d.  Biliarii,  Pori  biliarii — d.  Biliferi,  Pori  biliarii. 
—  d.  Botalli,  Arterial  duct — d.  Choledochus, 
Choledoch  duct — d.  Chyliferus,  Thoracic  duct — 
d.  Cibarius,  Canal,  alimentary  —  d.  Excretorius, 
Excretory  duct — d.  Ferreini,  Ferrein,  canal  of — d. 
Hepaticus,  Hepatic  duct — d.  Incisivus,  Palatine 
duct  (anterior)  —  d.  Intestinalis,  Canal,  alimen- 
tary—  d.  Lacteus,  Thoracic  duct  —  d.  Lacryma- 
lis,  Lachrymal  duct  —  d.  Laorumalis,  Lachrymal 
duct — d.  Nasalis  orbitse.  Lachrymal  or  nasal  duct 
— d.  Nasalo-palatinus,  Palatine  duct  (anterior) — 
d.  ad  Nasum,  Lachrymal  or  nasal  duct  —  d.  Nu- 
tritii.  Canals,  nutritive  —  d.  Omphalo-mesenteri- 
cus,  see  Vesicula  umbiliealis — d.  Pancreaticus,  see 
Pancreas — d.  Pecqueti,  Thoracic  duct — d.  Pneu- 
maticus,  see  Air-bladder  —  d.  Punctorum  lacry- 
malium,  Lachrymal  ducts — d.  Riviniani,  see  Sub- 
lingual gland — d.  Rorifer,  Thoracic  duct. 

Ductus  Saliva'lis  Infe'rior,  Z).  Whartonia'- 
nus,  (F.)  Canal  de  Warthon.  The  excretory  duct 
of  the  submaxillary  gland. 

Ductus  Saliva'lis  Supe'rior,  B.  Stenonia'- 
nus,  Steno's  JDuat,  (F.)  Canal  de  Stenon.  The 
excretory  duct  of  the  parotid  gland  -which  opens 
into  the  mouth  opposite  the  second  upper  molar 
tooth. 

Ductus  Semi-Circulares  Labyrinthi,  Semi- 
circular canals — d.  Serosi,  Lymphatic  vessels — d. 
Spirales  cochleas,  Scalse  of  the  cochlea — d.  Ste- 
nonianus.  Ductus  salivalis  superior— d.  Thora- 
cicus,  Thoracic  duet — d.  Urinse,  Ureter — d.  Ilri- 
narius.  Urethra — d.  Uriniferi  Bellini,  Uriniferous 
tubes  —  d.  Varicosi  uteri,  Tubse  Fallopianae  —  d. 
Venosus,  Canal,  venous — d.  Vitellarius,  see  Ve- 
sicula umbiliealis — d.  Vitello-intestinalis,  see  Ve- 
sicula umbiliealis  —  d.  'Waltheriani,  see  Sublin- 
gual gland — d.  Whartonianus,  Ductus  salivalis 
inferior — d.  Wirsungianus,  see  Pancreas. 
DUELECH,  Dulech. 

DUEL'LA.      The  ancient  name  of  a  weight, 
which  was  equivalent  to  eight  scruples. 
DUELLUM  VENEREUM,  Coition. 
DUG,  Nipple. 

DULCAMARA,  Solanum  dulcamara— d.  Flex- 
uosa,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

DULCEDO  AMORIS,  Clitoris— d.  Sputatorum, 
see  Salivation. 

DULECH,  Dueled).  A  term  employed  by 
Paracelsus  and- Van  Helmont  to  designate  a  pre- 
tended tartarized  substance,  which  forms  in  the 
human  body,  and  produces  acute  pain,  accompa- 
nied with  great  danger. 
DULL,  Deaf. 

DULSE,  Rhodomela  palmata— d.  Pepper,  Lau- 
rentia  pinnatifida. 
DUMB,  see  Mutitas. 


DUMBNESS,  Mutitas. 

DUNBLANE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  springs  of  Dunblane,  in  Scotland,  contain 
sulphate  of  soda,  chlorides  of  sodium  and  cal- 
cium, and  carbonate  of  iron. 

DUNG,  Fimus  —  d.  Cow's,  Fimus  Vaccas  —  d. 
Goose,  Fimus  anseris  —  d.  Stone-horse,  Fimus 
equinus. 

DUNGA,  Dengue. 
DUNT,  Palpitation. 

DUODE'NAL,  Duodena'lis,  (F.)  Duodenal. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  duodenum. 

DUODENI'TIS,  DodecadacUjli'tis,  (F.)  Duo. 
denite.  A  hybrid  term,  from  duodenum,  and  itin, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
duodenum,  characterized  by  white  tongue,  bitter 
taste,  anorexia,  fulness  and  tenderness  in  the 
region  of  the  duodenum,  and  often  yellowness 
of  skin,  along  with  the  ordinary  signs  of  febrile 
irritation. 

DUODE'NUM,  from  duodeni,  'twelve.'  Ven- 
tric'ulus  Suecenturia'tus,  Ec'physia  seu  Appen'dix 
seu  Proces'sus  Ventrie'uU,  Portona' riurn,  Dode- 
cadac'tylon,  (from  ^axk/ca,  'twelve,'  and  haKTv\oi, 
'a  finger.')  The  duodenum  is  the  first  part  of 
the  intestinal  canal,  commencing  at  the  pyloric 
orifice  of  the  stomach,  and  terminating  in  the 
jejunum.  Its  length  is  about  twelve  fingers' 
breadth,  and  as  it  is  only  partially  covered  by  the 
peritoneum,  it  is  susceptible  of  considerable  dila- 
tation j  hence  its  name  Ventriculus  succenturiatus. 
In  the  duodenum,  chylification  takes  place  after 
the  admixture  of  the  biliary  and  pancreatic  fluids 
with  the  chyme. 

DUO-STERNAL.  Beclard  thus  names  the 
second  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum,  which 
corresponds  to  the  second  intercostal  space. 

DUPLICA'TION,  {dxio,  'two,'  and  plicare, 
pUeatum,  'to  fold.')  Duplica'tio,  Dupl{c"itaa, 
Diplasias'mu'i,  Diplo'sts,  (F.)  Dup>licite.  A  spe- 
cies of  malformation  or  monstrosity,  character- 
ized by  the  parts  concerned  being  doubled.  See 
Diplogenesis. 

Duplication  of  the  Fcetus,  Evolution,  spon- 
taneous. 

DU'PLICATURE,  Duplicatu'ra,  Reflec'tion. 
Same  etymon.  The  folding  or  reflection  of  a 
membrane  upon  itself;  as  DupNeature  or  reflec- 
tion of  the  pleura,  peritoneum,  <fcc. 

DUPLICITAS  MONSTROSA,  see  Diplogene- 
sis. 
DUP LICIT E,  Duplication. 
DUPON'DIUM.     A  weight  of  four  drachms. 
— Galen. 

DUE,  Hard. 

DURA  MATER,  Crassa  seu  Dura  meninx, 
Sclerome'ninx,  lleninx  exte'rior  seu  sclera  seu 
dermato' des  seu  pachei'a,  of  Galen,  Dura  mem- 
hra'na  cer'ehrum  am'biens,  Cuticula'ris  membra'- 
iia,  Ileninge,  (Ch.)  It  has  been  called  dura,  be- 
cause of  its  great  resistance;  and  mater,  because 
it  was  believed  to  give  rise  to  every  membrane 
of  the  body.  (F.)  Dure  mere,  Dure-taye  (Pare  ) 
It  is  a  fibrous,  semi-transparent  membrane,  of  a 
pearly-white  colour,  thick,  and  very  resisting ; 
lines  the  cavity  of  the  cranium,  and  contains  the 
spinal  marrow ;  protects  the  brain  and  marrow; 
and,  by  its  various  expansions — the  falx  cerebri, 
tentorium,  &e.,  —  supports  the  different  parts  of 
the  cerebral  mass.  The  largest  artery  of  the  dura 
mater  is  the  A.  meningcB' a  me'dia. 

Dura  Mater,  Lateral  Processes  of  the, 
Tentorium  —  d.  m.  Testis,  Albuginea. 

DURATION  OF  LIFE,  see  Life— d.  of  Preg- 
nancy, see  Pregnancy. 

DURE-3IERE,  Dura  mater. . 


DURE-TAYE 


315 


DYSCRASIA 


'    DURE-TAYE,  Dura  mater. 

BUREE  BE  LA  VIE,  see  Longevity. 
DURETE  B'OREILLE,  Baryecoia— cZ.    de 
I'Ouie,  Deafness. 

BURILLON,  Callosity. 
DURUS,  Hard. 

DUSTING  BAG.  In  pharmacy,  a  kind  of 
sieve,  which  consists  of  a  bag  made  of  lawn  or 
other  like  material,  hung  inside  of  a  wide-mouthed 
bottle  or  tin  canister,  to  the  mouth  of  which  it  is 
secured.  The  powdered  substance  is  put  into 
the  bag,  and  the  mouth  being  closed  with  a  cover, 
the  apparatus  is  shaken,  and  the  finer  particles 
pass  into  the  bottle  or  canister. 

DUTCHMAN'S  PIPE,  Aristolochia  hirsuta. 
DUTROA,  Datura  stramonium. 
DWALE,  COMMON,  Atropa  belladonna. 
DWARF,  Nanus — d.  Flag,  Iris  lacustris. 
DWARFISH,  see  Nanus. 
DWARFISHNESS,  Nanosomus. 
DYCTOIDES,  Reticular. 
DYERS'  BROOM,  Genista  tinctoria— d.  Weed, 
Genista  tinctoria,  Reseda  luteola. 
DYNAMETER,  Dynamometer. 
DYNAM'IC,     Bynam'ical,    Bynam'icns,     (F.) 
Bynamique.     Same  etymon.    In  Mechanics,  By- 
nam'ics  investigates  the  powers  whereby  bodies 
are  put  in  motion,  and  the  laws  connected  there- 
with.   In  Biology,  that  which  relates  to  the  vital 
forces,  to  the  organism  in   action.   Vital  Byna- 
mics.     The  influences  of  agents  on  the  organism, 
which  are  ascribable  to  neither  mechanical  nor 
chemical  causes,  are  sometimes  termed  dynamic. 
In  this  sense,  it  is  a  favorite  term  with  the  ho- 
moeopathists,  who  maintain  that,  by  certain  pro- 
cesses,   called,    in   the   aggregate,    dynamiza'tion 
and  potenti'zing,  the  dynamic  powers  of  a  medi- 
cine may  be  set  free  and  developed — as  by  shaking 
the  bottle  in  which  the  article  is  contained,  or  by 
mixing   an    unlimited   number   of    un  medicated 
globules  with  one  that  is  medicated,  and  shaking 
them  together.     In  this  way,  the  former  become 
potentized !    . 
Dynamic  Diseases,  see  Organic. 
DYNAMICS,  VITAL,  see  Dynamic. 
DYNAMICUS,  Dynamic. 
DYNAMIS,  Faculty,  Force. 
DYNAMIZATION,  see  Dynamic. 
DYNAMOM'ETER,  Ifyodynamiom'eter,  Myo- 
dynanwm'eter,    (F.)   Byiunnometre,    from   ^vvajxig, 
'force,'  'vital  power,'  and  /jcrpov,  'measure.'     An 
instrument,  contrived  by  M.  Regnier,  for  mea- 
suring the  comparative  muscular  strength  of  man 
and   animals.     It  consists    of  a   spring,   which, 
when  pressed  upon,  causes  a  needle  to  move  upon 
a  portion  of  a  circle,  furnished  with  a  scale  of 
kilogrammes    and    one    of   myriagrammes.      To 
measure    the    strength    of    the    hands,    the   two 
branches  of  the  spring  are  firmly  grasped,  and 
brought  as  near  together  as  the  force  can  carry 
them.    This  effort  makes  the  needle  traverse,  and 
indicates,    on    the    scale    of   kilogrammes,    the 
strength  of  the  experimenter's  hands.     A  man, 
25  or  30  years  of  age,  exerts  a  force  commonly 
equal  to  50  kilogrammes  or  100  pounds. 

The  strength  of  the  loins  of  a  man,  about  30 
years  of  age,  as  indicated  by  this  instrument,  is 
usually  about  30  myriagrammes,  or  265  pounds, 
vehich  shows  the  weight  he  is  capable  of  raising. 
From  experiments  made  by  Peron,  in  his  voy- 
age, on  12  individuals  of  Van  Diemen's  Land,  17 
of  New  Holland,  56  of  the  Island  of  Timor.  17 
Frenchmen  belonging  to  the  expedition,  and  14 
Englishmen  in  the  colony  of  New  South  Wales, 
he  found  their  comparative  strength,  indicated 
by  the  dynamometer,  to  be  as  follows : 


STRENGTH 

Natives  of 

of  the 

arm. 

of  the 

loins. 

Kiloy. 

50.6 
50.8 
58.7 
69.2 
71.4 

Ihs. 

Myri. 

lbs. 

1.  Van    Diemen's 

Land. 

2.  New  Holland. 

3.  Timor. 

4.  France. 

5.  England. 

101.2 
101.6 
117.4 
138.4 
142.4 

10.2 
11.6 
15.2 
15.2 

208.08 
238.64 
310.08 
332.52 

Dynamometer  or  Dynam'eter,  Medic"inal. 
An  instrument,  invented  by  Dr.  Paris,  for  the 
purpose  of  showing  the  quantity  of  active  matter 
contained  in  a  given  weight  or  measure  of  any 
ofBcinal  compound,  with  the  dose  of  any  prepa- 
ration, which  will  be  equivalent  in  strength  to  a 
given  quantity  of  any  other  of  the  same  class. 
The  instrument  is  more  ingenious  than  usfifuL 
DYNAMOPATHY,  Homoeopathy. 
DYOTA,  Diota. 

DYS,  ivi,  in  composition,  'difiicult,  faulty;' 
sometimes  privative;  mostly  answering  to  the 
particles  dis,  in,  mis,  or  tin,  in  English.  Hence: 
DYS^'MIA,  from  Svg,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
'aina,  'blood.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood. 
DYSiESTHE'SIA,  Bysasthe'sls,  from  ^j.j, 
'with  difBcultj','  and  aic^aiio)xai,  'I  feel.'  Ob- 
scure, diminished,  or  even  abolished  sensation. 

DySvESthesia  Auditoria,  Cophosis  — d.  Gus- 
tatoria,  Ageustia  —  d.  Interna,  Amnesia  —  d.  01- 
factoria,  Anosmia. 

DySjEsthe'sia  Visua'lis,  Faroji'sis.  Sense 
of  sight  vitiated  or  lost. 

DYS^STHESIS,  Dyssesthesia. 
DYSANAGO'GOS,  from  iv;,  'with  difficulty,' 
and  avayo),  'I  bring  up.'  That  which  is  expecto- 
rated with  difficulty.  An  epithet  given,  by  the 
Greek  writers,  to  the  sputa,  when  expectorated 
with  difficulty,  on  account  of  their  viscidity. 

DYSAl<('NARF,'aOFR¥VSlS,BysanarrJioph'ia; 
from  6vs,  'with  difficulty,'  and  avappu^riais,  'ab- 
sorption.' Diminished  absorption  from  morbid 
causes.  _ 

DYS'APHE,  Bysaph'ia,  from  Svs,  and  a(pri, 
'feeling.'     Morbid  feeling. 

DYSAPULO'TUS,    Bysajm'lvs,    Byscptdotos, 
Bysepulo'ticns,  Bysulo'tus,  from  5uy,  and  ai:ov\ou>, 
to  heal.'     Healing  with  difficulty. 
DYSARTHRlflS,  Gout,  irregular. 
DYSCATABROSIS,  Dysphagia. 
DYSCATAPOSIS,  Dysphagia. 
DYSCATAPO'TIA,  from  ivs,  and  Karainvii,,  'I 
drink.'     Difficulty  of  swallowing  liquids.     This 
term  is  recommended  by  Dr.  Mead  as  a  substitute 
for  hydrophobia,  which  means  dread  of  liquids. 
The  dread  seems  to  be  partly  caused  by  the  diffi- 
culty of  deglutition. 

DYSCHE'ZIA,  from  5uf,  and  %£?£iv,  'to  go  to 
stool.'     Difficult  and  painful  defecation. 

DYSCHRCE'A,  from  &vi.  'with  difficulty,'  and 
XP"!^  or  Xf° '"'  'colour.'  BIscliro'a.  Sickly  and 
unhealthy  colour  of  the  skin.  Used  synony- 
mously with  the  mncnJce  of  Willan. 

DYSCHROMATOPSIA,  Achromatopsia. 
BYSCHYiVOSEN,  Chymoplania. 
DYSCINE'SIA,    (F.)    Byscinesie,    from    iv;, 
'with  difficulty,' and  kivcu),  '  I  move.'     Difficulty 
or  utter  incapability  of  moving.-^Galen. 
DYSCOILIA,  Constipation. 
DYSCOPHO'SIS,  from   6v;,   'with    difficulty,' 
and  Kuipou,  'I  am  deaf.'     A  defect  in  the  sense 
of  hearing. — Hippocrates. 

DYSCO'RIA,  Coremetamorpho'sis,  from  ^i>c, 
and  Kopr},  'the  pupil.'  Irregularity  cf  shape  of 
the  pupil. 

DYSCRA'SIA,  from  6vs,  and  Kpaan,  'temnera 


DYSCRASTACUM 


316 


DYSOPIA 


ment.'     Intempe'ries,  Dhtemperan'tia,  Dys'crasy. 
A  bad  habit  of  body.     See  Dystbetica. 

DrscRASiA  PoTATo'RUjr.  Dyscrasia  of  drinkers. 
The  aggregate  of  cachectic  phenomena  exhibited 
by  those  who  indulge  in  alcoholic  liquors. 

Dyscrasia  Saturntna,  Saturnismus — d.  Scro- 
fulosa.  Scrofula — d.  Tuberculosa,  see  Tubercle. 
DYSCRASIACUM,  Spanajmic. 
DYSCRASY,  Dyscrasia— d.  BUious,  Cholosis, 
Icterus. 

DYS'CRITOS,  from  Svs,  'with  diflBculty,' and 
Koiaa,  'judgment.'  That  which  it  is  dif&cult  to 
judge  of. — Hippocrates. 

DYSDA'CRIA,  Bysdacryo'sia,  from    <5uf,   and 
Saxpvov, '  a  tear.'     A  morbid  condition  of  the  tears. 
DYSDACRYOSIS,  Dysdaeria. 
DYSECCRIS'IA,  from  Sv;,  and  cKKpiaig,  'ex- 
cretion.'    Difiicult  or  defective  excretion. 
DYSECOIA,  Baryecoia,  Deafness. 
DYSEL'CIA,    Bysepulo'tuSj    from    Sv;,    'with 
difRoulty,'  and  'c:\kos,  'an  ulcer.'     An  ulcer  diffi- 
cult to  heal. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 
DYSEMESIA,  Vomiturition. 
DYSEXTERIA,  Dysentery  — d.  Biliosa,  Colo- 
cholosis — d.  Haematera,  Dysentery — d.  Hepatica, 
Hepatirrhcea — d.  Maligna,  Enterocace — d.  Pu- 
trida,  Enterocace — d.  Scorbutica,  Enterocace  — 
d.  Splenica.  Melsena — ^^d.  Typhodes,  Enterocace. 

DYSENTER'IC,     Dysenter'icua,     Dysen'terus, 
(F.)  Di/aenterique,  Dytsenterique.     Same  etymon 
as  Dysentery.     Relating  to  dysentery. 
DYSENTERIE,  Dysentery. 
DYSENTERIUM,  Dysentery. 
DYSEXTERONERVIA,  Colic— d.  Saturnina, 
Coliea  metalliea. 

DYS'ENTERY,  Bysenler'ia,  T).  licemate'ra, 
Dysenter'ium,  from  &vg,  and  tvrfpov,  'an  intes- 
tine.' Difficul'tas  intestino'rum,  Dissolu'tiis  mor- 
bus, Diari-hoe'a  earnnsa,  Coli'tis,  Culoni'tis, 
Oolo-recti'tts,  Endocoli'tis,  Esocoli'tis,  Deflux'us 
Dysenter'icus,  Fehris  Dysenter'ica,  Flamen  dys- 
etitericuni,  Flnxiis  dysenter'icus  seu  cruen'- 
tas  cum  Tenes'mo,  Rheamatis' mus  intestino'rum 
cum  ul'cere,  Tor'miua,  T.  Celsi,  Blennenter'ia, 
3Iorhua  dissohi'tus,  Sedes  cruen'tae.  Lues  dysen- 
ter'ica, Bloody  Flux;  Flux,  (F.)  Bysenterie, 
Byssenterie,  Flux  dysenferique,  Flux  de  Sang. 
Inflammation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
large  intestine;  the  chief  symptoms  of  which 
are  :— fever,  more  or  less  inflammatory,  with  fre- 
quent mucous  or  bloody  evacuations ;  violent 
tormina  and  tenesmus.  When  the  evacuations 
do  not  contain  blood,  it  has  been  called  Bysen- 
ter'ia  alba  or  simple  Bysentery,  Jfyco-dysenter'ia. 
The  seat  of  the  disease  is,  generally,  in  the  colon 
and  rectum.  It  occurs,  particularly,  during  the 
summer  and  autumnal  months,  and  in  hot  cli- 
mates more  than  in  cold :  frequently,  also,  in 
camps  and  prisons,  in  consequence  of  impure  air, 
and  imperfect  nourishment :  and  is  often  epidemic. 
Sporadic  cases  of  dysentery  are,  generally,  easily 
managed  ;  but  when  the  disease  occurs  epidemi- 
cally, it  often  exhibits  great  malignancy.  Gene- 
rally, it  yields  to  mild  laxatives,  as  castor  oil, 
combined  with  diaphoretic  narcotics,  such  as  the 
pulvis  i2}ecacuanh(B  compositus,  and  counter- 
irritants  to  the  abdomen  ;  but,  at  times,  the  in- 
flammation runs  on  so  speedily  to  ulceration, 
that,  unless  a  new  action  be  rapidly  excited, 
death  will  be  the  consequence.  In  such  cases, 
mercury  must  be  rapidly  introduced  into  the 
system,  and  narcotics  may  be  combined  with  it. 

The  whole   management   in    acute    dysentery 
must,  of  course,  be  strictly  antiphlogistic. 
Dysextert,  Bilious,  C'olocholosis. 
DYSEPULOTICUS,  Dysapulotus. 
DYSEPULOTOS,  Dysapulotos,  Dyselcia. 
DYSGALACTIA,  Dysgalia. 


DYSGA'LIA,  Bysgalac'tia,  iiom.  5vs,  and  ya'Xa, 
■yaXoKToi,  '  milk.'  An  unhealthy  condition  or 
depravation  of  the  milk. 

DYSGEISTNE'SIA,  from  Svs,  and  yevvvm,  'ge- 
neration.' Lesion  of  the  generative  organs  or 
functions. 

DYSGEU'SIA,  Blsgeus'tia,  from  Svs,  and 
y^vaii,  '  taste.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  sejase 
of  taste. 

DYSH^MORRHCE'A,  from  Sv?,  'aifia,  'blood,' 
and  ptu),  '  to  flow.'  Difficulty  in  the  flow  of  blood, 
—  according  to  some,  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux. 
Also,  symptoms  occasioned  by  its  diminution  or 
suppression. — Sagar. 

DYSH^'MIA,  from  hv?,  and  'aijxa,  'blood.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood. 

DYSHAPH'IA,  Bysaph'ia,  from  Sv;,  and  'a<pr), 
'touch.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  sense  of 
touch. 

DYSHI'DRTA,  Bysi'dria,  from  Svg,  and  'iSpw;, 
'  sweat'     A  morbid  state  of  the  perspiration. 

DYSI' ATOS,  Svaiaros,  from  ivs,  'with  diffi- 
cult}','  and  taojiai,  'to  heal;'  Cura'tu  diffic"ilis. 
Difficult  of  cure. — Hippocrates. 

DYSLALIA,  Balbuties,  Bradylogia. 

DYSLOCHI'A,  Cul'ica  lochia'lis,  Hysteral'gia 
lochia'lis,  from  in;,  and  'Xoy^io; ;  'relating  to  par- 
turition.' Diminution  or  supjpression  of  the  lo- 
chial  discharge. 

DYSMASE'SIS,  Bysmasse'sis,  Bradymasse'sis, 
from  hvg,  'with  difficulty,'  and  iiaa-t](ri;,  'mastica- 
tion.'    Difficult  or  impeded  mastication. 

DYSMENIA,  Dysmenorrhcea. 

B  YSilENORRHFE,  Dysmenorrhcea. 

DYSMENORRHCE'A,  Bysme'nia,  Parame'nia 
diffic"ilis,  3feiiorrhag"ia  stillatit"ia,  Men'strua 
diffieil'ia  s<^u  Boloro'sa,  Amenorrhce'a  diffic"ilig 
seu  jiartia'lis,  Menses  dolorif'ici,  Ilenorrha'gia 
diffic"ilis,  Menetrua'tio  diffic"ilis  seu  dolorif'ica, 
Labo'rious  or  Biscuit  Jfenstrua'tion,  (F.)  Bysme- 
norrhee.  Menstruation  dljficlle,  Regies  difficiles, 
Strangurie  menstruelle.  Catamenia  passed  with 
great  local  pain,  especially  in  the  loins: — with 
sometimes  a  membranous  discharge.  Dysme- 
norrhcea is  very  difficult  of  removal,  and  prevents 
conception.  In  the  married  female,  if  she  should 
be  able  to  pass  one  period  without  pain,  and  sub- 
sequently become  pregnant,  the  morbid  action 
may  be  broken  in  upon  by  gestation,  and  a  per- 
fect cure  be  obtained.  Change  of  air,  soon  after 
marriage,  will  sometimes  give  occasion  to  this 
desirable  result.  The  affection  generally  depends 
upon  erethism  of  the  interior  of  the  uterus, 
called  into  action  at  each  catamenial  period.  The 
violence  of  the  pain  requires  the  liberal  use  of 
narcotics. 

DYSMNE'SIA,  fi-om  5uj,  'badly/  and  livricrt;, 
'memory.'     Defective  memory. 

DYSMORPHE,  Deformation. 

DYSMORPHIA,  Deformation. 

DYSMORPHOSIS,  Deformation. 

B YSNEPHROKER VIE,  Nephralgia. 

DYSODES,  Fetid. 

DYSO'DIA,  Bysod'mia,  Bysos'mia,  Fcetor, 
'fffitor,'  from  Sv;,  'badly,'  and  o^to,  'I  smell.' 
(F.)  Puanteur.  Sauvages  has  given  this  generic 
name  to  all  diseases,  characterized  by  fetid  ema- 
nations, from  whatever  part  proceeding;  —  from 
the  mouth,  nasal  fossaj,  bronchia,  stomach,  axil- 
Ise,  groins,  Ac.     Also,  a  stench  or  stink,  Psoa. 

DYSODMIA,  Dvsodia. 

DYSODONTI'ASIS,i>e«?iV'io  diffic"ilis,  from 
Svg,  '  with  difficulty,'  and  o&ovTiacis,  '  dentition.' 
Difficult  dentition. 

DYSONEI'ROS,  from  Svg,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
ovcipof,  'a  dream.'     Insomnia,  with  restlessness. 

DYSO'PIA,  properly  Bysop'sia,  Bysora'sis, 
signifying    'shame/   from    hvs,  'with    difficulty/ 


DYSOPSIA 


1 


DYSTHANATOS 


and  onn^ai, '  I  see.'     Difficulty  of  seeing :  obscu- 
rity of  vision. 

Dysopia  DissiTORUir,  Myopia. 

Dysopia  LatePvA'lis,  Parop'sts  latera'lis, 
Skue-sight,  SJceio-sight,  Sight  askew.  Vision  onlj' 
accurate  when  the  object  is  placed  obliquely. 
This  state  is  generally  caused  by  some  opacity  of 
the  cornea. 

Dysopia  Lujiois,  Nyctalopia  —  d.  Proximo- 
rum,  Presbytia — d.  Tenebrarum,  Hemeralopia. 

DYSOPSIA.  Dysopia. 

DYSORASIS,  Dysopia. 

DYSOREX'IA,  Inapiyeten'tia,  Appeti'tus  de- 
fic"ieiw,  from  ivs,  'with  difficulty,'  and  ope^is, 
'appetite.'     Diminution  of  appetite. 

DYOS'MIA,  from  Svg,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
oa/it],  'smell.'     Diminution  of  smell. 

DYSOSPHRE'SIA,  Dysoaphre'ais,  Dysosphra'- 
sia,  Dysphre'sis,  from  6v;,  and  oa<p{)riai;,  '  the  sense 
of  smell.'     A  morbid  state  of  the  sense  of  smell. 

DYSOSTO'SIS,  from  ivs,  and  oarcov,  'a  bone.' 
A  faulty  conformation  or  morbid  condition  of 
bone. 

DYSPATHIA,  see  Serious. 

DYSPEPSIA,  from  ^us, 'with  difficulty,'  and 
rEirro),  'I  concoct.'  Limo'sts  Dyspep'sia,  Ano- 
rex'ia,  Apep'sia,  Bradypep'sia,  Gastroalax'ia, 
Diges'tio  deprava'ta  seu  diffic"iUs  seu  lassa,  Gaa- 
tro-ato'nia,  Concoc'tio  tarda,  Stom'achi  resolu'tio, 
Crn'ditas,  Passio  stomach'ica,  Dyspep'sy,  Indi- 
ges'tion,  Difficulty  of  DigeHion.  A  state  of  the 
stomach,  in  which  its  functions  are  disturbed, 
without  the  presence  of  other  diseases,  or  when, 
if  other  diseases  be  present,  they  are  of  but  minor 
importance.  The  symptoms  of  dyspepsia  are 
very  various.  Those  affecting  the  stomach  itself 
are : — loss  of  appetite  ;  nausea  ;  pain  in  the  epi- 
ga.strium  or  hypochondrium  ;  heart-burn  ;  sense 
of  fulness,  or  weight  in  the  stomach  ;  acrid  or 
fetid  eructations;  pyrosis,  and  sense  of  fluttering 
or  sinking  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach.  The  sympa- 
thetic affections  are  of  the  most  diversified  cha- 
racter. Dyspepsia,  being  generally  of  a  functional 
nature,  is  devoid  of  danger.  When  arising  from 
disease  of  the  stomach  itself,  it  is,  of  course,  more 
serious. 

It  is  usually  dependent  on  irregularity  of  living; 
either  in  the  quantity  or  quality  of  the  food  taken  : 
and  the  most  successful  treatment  is,  to  put  the 
patient  on  a  diet  easy  of  digestion ;  to  combat  the 
causes,  where  such  are  apparent;  and,  by  proper 
remedies  and  regimen,  to  strengthen  the  system 
in  every  practicable  manner.  A  great  error  exists 
in  regarding  it  as  always  a  disease  of  debility. 
It  is  often  connected  with  an  inflammatory  or 
subinflammatory  condition  of  the  mucous  lining 
of  the  stomach,  and  of  course  a  very  different 
plan  of  treatment  is  required  in  the  two  cases. 
Dyspepsia  is  often  attended  with  too  great  a  se- 
cretion of  the  gastric  acids  ;  but,  on  other  occa- 
sions, they  would  appear  to  be  too  small  in  quan- 
tity, so  as  to  constitute  alkaline  indigestion  or 
neutral  indigestion. 

Dyspepsia  Chlorosis,  Chlorosis  —  d.  Hypo- 
chondriasis,  Hypochondriasis  —  d.  Pyrosis,  Py- 

-      DYSPEPSIODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 

DYSPEPSODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 

DYSPEPSY,  Dyspepsia. 

DYSPEP'TIC,  byspep'tictts,  I)yapep'tns,Apep'- 
ti<:,  Apep'tieua ;  same  etymon.  Having  relation 
to  dyspepsia,  as  'dyspeptic  bread.'  One  who 
suffers  from  dyspepsia. 

DYSPEPTICUS,  Dyspeptic. 

DYSPEPTODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 

DYSPEPTUS,  Dyspeptic. 

DYSPEB-MA'SIA,  Byspermatis'mm,  from  5uj, 
'with  difficulty,'  and  c-ripua,  'sperm.'  Difficulty 
— sometimes  incapacity — of  voiding  the  sperm. 


DYSPERMATISMUS,  Bradyspermatismus. 

DYSPHA'GIA,  Dyscatnhro'sis,  Dyscatap'osis, 
Deglutit"io  dlffic"ilis,  D.  Ice'sa,  D.  impedi'ta, 
from  Svi,  'with  difficulty,'  and  (payio,  'I  eat.' 
Difficulty  of  deglutition.  Dysphagia  is  almost 
always  symptomatic,  either  of  inflammation  or 
of  other  disease  of  the  organs  of  deglutition,  or 
of  incomplete  obstruction  of  the  oesophagus,  by 
some  obstacle  within  it,  or  by  a  neighbouring 
tumour.  At  times,  it  is  produced  by  spasms  or 
paralysis  of  the  oesophagus.  The  prognosis  and 
treatment  vary  according  to  the  cause. 

Dysphagia  Atonica,  Pharyngoplegia. 

Dyspha'giA  Constric'ta,  D.  Pharynge'a  seu 
OSsop>liage'a  seu  Callo'sa,  Strictu'ra  Pharyn'gis 
seu  CEsoph'agi  vera  seu  Callo'sa,  Stenocho'ria 
(Esoph'agiyCEsopltagiare'tia,  Lmmosteno' sis.  Stric- 
ture of  the  pharynx  and  oesophagus  is  an  affec- 
tion which  may  be  the  result  of  pharj'ngitis  or 
oesophagitis  ;  but  more  frequently  of  malignant 
disease  in  the  parietes  of  the  tube.  The  only 
remedy  is  the  bougie. 

Dysphagia  Inklammatoria,  (Esophagitis  — 
d.  Pharyngea,  D.  Constrieta — d.  ffisophagea,  D. 
Constricta — d.  Spasmodica,  ffisophagismus  —  d. 
Callosa,  D.  Constricta  —  d.  Paralj'tica,  Qilsopha- 
goplegia,  Pharyngoplegia — d.  Nervosa,  Qilsopha- 
gismus — d.  Torpida,  Pharyngoplegia — d.  Globosa, 
Angone — d.  Hysterica,  Angone — d.  Inflammato- 
ria,  Cynanehe  tonsillaris  —  d.  Linguosa,  Para- 
glossa — d.  Ranula,  Ranula — d.  Uvulosa,  Staphy- 
loedema — d.  Scirrhosa,  Lsemoscirrhus  —  d.  Spas- 
tica, (Esophagismus. 

DYSPHO'NIA,  Dys'pjliony,  from  ^uj,  and  (fnovri, 
'the  voice.'  Difficulty  of  producing  and  articu- 
lating sounds:  voice  imperfect  or  depraved. 
Aplio'nia  (of  some). 

Dysphonia  Ijimodulata  Nasalis,  Rhinopho- 
nia — d.  Immodulata  palatina,  Asaphia. 

DYSPHOR'IA,  Inquietu'do,  Asta'sin.  Dissatis- 
faction ;  restlessness  ;  suffering  ;  indisposition  ; 
from  ivi,  and  0£pu),  '  I  bear.' 

Dysphoria  Anxietas,  Anxiety  —  d.  Nervosa, 
Eidgets — d.  Simplex,  Fidgets. 

DYSPHOTIA,  Myopia. 

DYSPHRESIS,  Dysosphresia. 

DYSPIO'NIA,  from  o'us,  and  riui',  'f\it.'  A 
morbid  condition  of  the  adipous  substance. 

DYSPLASMATIC,  Cacoplastic. 

DYSPLASTICUxM.  Spanajmic. 

I)  YSPNEE,  Dyspnoea — d.  Cardlaque,  Asthma, 
cardiac. 

DYSPNCE'A,  from  5uf,  and  ^vtw,  'I  breathe.' 
Pseudo-asthma,  Amjjhipneii'ma,  Resp)ira'tio  dif- 
fic"ilis  seu  brevis  et  rara,  Brachypnoe'a,  Reteiitio 
ae'rea,  Anhela'tion,  Short  breath.  Difficulty  of 
breathing,  (P.)  Dyspnee,  Conrte  Hcdeine.  Dysp- 
noea may  be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic.  The 
latter  accompanies  almost  all  thoracic  diseases. 
Urgent  dyspnoea  has  been  called  amjjhipneu'ma, 
niKjinrvcvixa. — Hippocrates. 

Dyspncea  Convulsiva,  Asthma — d.  Hydro- 
thoracica,  Hydrothorax  —  d.  Physothoracica, 
Pneumothorax — d.  Pinguedinosa,  Pursiness  —  d. 
Pneumatica,  Pneumothorax  —  d.  Pyothoracica, 
Empyema. 

D  YSSENTERIE,  Dysentery. 

DYSSENTERIQUE,  Dysenteric. 

DYSSIA'LIA,  from  Ivg,  and  criaXof,  'saliva.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  saliva. 

DYSSYN'ODUS,  Dyssynu'sia,  from  iv^,  and 
tyvvoio^,  'coition.'  Co'itus  diffic"ilis.  Difficulty 
in  coition. 

DYSSYNUSIA,  Dyssynodus. 

DYSTHAN'ATOS,  from  ivs,  and  ^avaroi, 
'death.'  That  which  causes  a  slow  and  painful 
death.  One  who  experiences  this  kind  of  death. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 


DYSTHELASIA 


318 


EAU  D'AR MA  G ^A  0 


DTSTHELA'SIA,  from  (iv?,  and  5i7Xa?u,  'I  give 
suck.'     Inaptitude  for  sucklinc^. 

DYSTHERAPEU'TOS,  Difficiliter  eura'biUs; 
from  6vs,  and  ^tpairua, '  medical  treatment.'  That 
■which  is  difficult  of  cure. 

DYSTHE'SIA,  from  ^uf,  'badly,'  and  Ti^rjfii,  '1 
am  situate.'  Di/s'thesis,  Cachex'ia.  Morbid  habit. 
Bad  humour.     Impatience  in  disease. — Erotian. 

DYSTHET'ICA,  Caehex'ia,  DijscraBicR,  Cach- 
ex'ics  ;  same  etymon.  A  morbid  condition  of  the 
blood  or  blood-vessels;  alone  or  connected  with  a 
morbid  state  of  other  fluids,  producing  a  diseased 
habit.  The  fourth  order  in  the  class  HcBmatica 
of  Good,  including  Plethora,  Hmmorrhagia,  &c. 

DYSTHYM'IA,  from  6vs,  and  Su^os,  'mind.' 
Depression,  Desjiondency.  A  bad  sign  in  acute 
diseases.     Also,  Melancholy. 

DYSTOCIA,  Mogostoc'ia,  Bradytoc'ia,  Eeteii'- 
tinfcetus,  from  Svs,  and  toko;,  'accouchement.' 
(F.)  Dystocie.  A  laborious  accouchement,  Labo'- 
rioua  or  morbid  or  difficult  labour,  Parodyn'ia, 
Partus  diffic"ilis.     See  Laborious. 

Dystocia  Abortita,  Abortion  —  d.  Dyscyesis, 
Pregnancy,  morbid — d.  Dyscyesis  extra- uterina, 
see  Pregnancy,  preternatural. 


DYSTCECHrASIS,  Hispid'itas,  from  hv;,  'bad,' 
and  oTo(;^;of,  'order.'  Irregular  position  of  the 
eye-lashes. — Forestus. 

DYSTON'IA,  from  5iif,  and  roi/05, '  tone.'  Mor- 
bid condition  of  the  tone  of  a  tissue  or  organ. 

DYSTROPHIA,  from  bvq,  'with  difficulty,' 
and  Tpo(pri, '  nourishment.'  Imperfect  or  defective 
nutrition. 

DYSULOTUS,  Dysapulotus. 

DYSURE'SIA,  Dysure'sis  ;  from  Svs,  and  ovpr;- 
irtg,  'passing  the  urine.'  Defective  secretion  and 
evacuation  of  the  urine. 

DYSU'RIA,  Dys'ury,  Uri'nce  diffie"ilis  exere'- 
tio,  from  Svg,  '  with  difJBculty,'  and  ovpov,  '  urine.' 
Stran'gury,  {of  some.)  (F.)  Dysurie.  Difficulty 
of  passing  the  urine.  In  this  affection  the  urine 
is  voided  with  pain,  and  a  sensation  of  heat  in 
some  part  of  the  urethra.  Dysuria  is  the  first 
degree  of  retention  of  urine.  It  differs  from 
strangury,  in  which  the  urine  can  only  be  passed 
in  drops  and  with  great  straining. 

Dysuria  CALCtrLOSA,  Calculi,  vesical — d. 
Irritata,  Calculi  vesical  —  d.  Mucosa,  Cystir- 
rhoea. 

DYSURT,  Dysuria. 


E. 


EAGLE-STONE,  ^tites. 

EAR,  Auris,  Ous,  ouj,  Ac'oe,  Saxon,  eape, 
(Prov.)  Lug.  (F.)  Oreille.  The  organ  of  au- 
dition. It  is  composed  of  a  series  of  more  or  less 
irregular  cavities,  in  which  the  sonorous  rays  are 
successively  received  and  reflected,  untU  they 
agitate  the  nerves  which  are  destined  to  convey 
the  impression  to  the  brain.  The  ear  is  con- 
tained partly  in  the  substance  of  the  temporal 
bone;  and  a  part  projects  externally,  behind  the 
joint  of  the  lower  jaw.  It  may  be  divided  into 
three  portions; — the  outer  or  external  ear,  formed 
by  the  auricle  and  meatus  auditorius;  the  middle 
ear,  comprising  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum  and 
its  dependencies;  and  the  internal  ear,  compre- 
hending the  three  semicircular  canals,  the  cochlea 
and  the  vestibule;  which,  together,  constitute  the 
osseous  labyrinth.  Within  the  cavity  of  this  la- 
byrinth are  contained  membranes  having  nearly 
the  shape  of  the  vestibule  and  semicircular  canals, 
but  not  extending  into  the  cochlea.  These  mem- 
branes form  the  membranous  labyrinth.  Between 
the  osseous  and  the  membranous  labj-rinth  is 
situate  the  liquor  of  Cotunnius,  and  within  the 
membranous  labyrinth  is  a  fluid,  termed,  by  De 
Blainville,  vitrine  auditive,  from  its  supposed 
analogy  to  the  vitreous  humour  of  the  eye.  The 
form  of  the  membranous  vestibule  is  not  an  exact 
imitation  of  the  osseous  cavity,  being  composed 
of  two  distinct  sacs,  which  open  into  each  other, 
—  the  one  termed  the  Sac'culus  vestib'uli;  the 
other  Sac'cidus  Each  sac  contains  in  its  interior 
a  small  mass  of  white  calcareous  matter  resem- 
bling powdered  chalk,  which  seems  to  be  sus- 
pended in  the  fluid  of  the  sacs  by  means  of  a 
number  of  nervous  filaments  proceeding  from  the 
auditory  nerve.  These  are  the  otoconies  and 
otolithes  of  Breschet. 

The  auditory  nerve  is  distributed  to  the  cavi- 
ties of  the  internal  ear. 

EAR-DOCTOR.  Aurist  — e.  Flap,  Proptoma 
auricularum — e.  Keeker,  Tonsil. 

EARNING,  Rennet. 

EAR-PICK,   Otog'lyphis,   Otog'lyphum,   Coch'- 


lear  auricula're,  Auriscal'pium,  (F.)  Cure-oreille, 
A  species  of  small  scoop,  used  for  extracting 
hardened  cerumen  from  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus ;  or  to  remove  foreign  bodies  from  the 
ear.  If  carelessly  used,  it  is  apt  to  excite  inflam- 
mation of  the  tube. 

EAR-SURGEON,  Aurist— e.  Surgery,  Otiatria. 

EAR-TRUMPET,  7'»6««  acus'ticus,Acu8'ticum 
Cornu,  (F.)  Cornet  acoustique.  An  instrument  for 
collecting  sound  and  increasing  its  intensity,  used 
by  those  who  are  hard  of  hearing.  It  is,  com- 
monly, a  kind  of  cone,  formed  of  silver,  tin,  or 
elastic  gum,  the  base  of  which  is  turned  towards 
the  person  who  is  speaking,  and  the  apex  placed 
in  the  entrance  of  the  meatus  auditorius  externus. 

EARWAX,  Cerumen. 

EARWIG,  Forficula  auricularia. 

EARTH  CLUB,  Orobanche  Americana. 

Earth,  Fuller's,  Cimolia  purpurescens. 

Earth  Gall,  Veratrum  viride. 

Earth,  Heavy,  Baryta — e.  Japan,  Catechu-^— 
e.  Lemnian,  Terra  Lemnia. 

Earth  Nut,  Pignut,  Bunium  bulboeastanum. 

Earth,  Ponderous,  Baryta — e.  Samian,  Sami 
terra — e.  Sealed.Terra  sigillata — e.Talc,Magnesia. 

EASTNINGWOBT,  Scabious. 

EATABLE,  Esculent. 

EATIN-BERRIES,  see  Juniperus  communis. 

^AC,  Water — e.  d'Aix-la-Chapelle,  see  Aix- 
la-Chapelle. 

EA U  D'ALIBOUR.  This  compound  is  made 
of  sulphate  of  zinc,  and  sulpthate  of  copper,  each 
5J  ;  camphor,  ten  grains  ;  saffron,  four  grains ; 
water,  four  fluidounces.  Employed  in  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  eyelids,  and  as  a  vulnerary. 

EAU  BE  L'A3INI0S,  Liquor  amnii  — e. 
d'Amandes  ameres,  Aqua  amygdalarum  concen- 
trata. 

EAU  AXTIPUTRIDE  DE  BEAUFORT. 
Mineral  lemonade  prepared  with  sulphuric  acid, 

EAU  D'AEJIAGXAC,  Tinctura  cinnamomi 
composita — e.  de  Balaruc,  Balaruc  waters — e.  de 
Bareges,  Bareges  water  —  e.  de  Binelli,  Aqua 
BineUii — e.  Blanche,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 


EAU  DE  COLOGNE 


319 


ECCOPE 


dilutus  —  e.  de  Bonferme,  Tinctura  cinnamomi 
composita — e.  de  Bonnes,  Bonnes,  mineral  waters 
of — e.  do  Boide,  see  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  e.  de 
Bourbonne-les-Buins,  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  mi- 
neral waters  of — e.  de  Brocchieri,  Aqua  Brocchi- 
erii  —  e.  des  Carmes,  see  Melissa — e.  de  Chaux, 
Liquor  calois — e.  de  Chaux  composie,  Liquor  cal- 
cis  compositus. 

EAU  DE  COLOGNE,  Cologne  water.  A  cele- 
brated perfume,  so  called  from  the  place  where  it 
is  made.  The  following  is  one  formula:  Oil  of 
hergamot,  ^iij  ;  Oil  of  lemon,  ^ij  ;  Oil  of  Laven- 
der, ^iiiss  ;  Oil  ofneroli,  ^iiss  ;  Oil  of  origanum, 
3'j  ;  Oil  of  rosemary,  ^j  ;  Essence  of  vanilla,  gij  ; 
Musk,  ten  grains ;  Bectified  spirit,  Oxiij  ;  Bose- 
icater,  Oij ;  Orange-flower  water,  Oj.  Macerate 
for  fourteen  days,  and  filter. 

EAU  BE  CUIVRE  AMMONIACALE,  Li- 
quor cupri  ammoniati  —  e.  Distillee,  Water,  dis- 
tilled—  e.  de  Fontaine,  Water,  spring — e.  des 
Fontaines  de  la  Mar^guerie,  Rouen,  mineral  wa- 
ters of — e.  contre  la  Gangrene,  Liquor  hydrargyri 
nitrici — e.  de  Goudron,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — e.  de 
Goulard,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus. 

EA  U  HEM  AST  A  TIQ  UE  DE  TISSERANT), 
Eau  de  Tisserand.  A  hemastatie  water,  reputed 
to  possess  the  same  properties  as  the  Aqua  Broc- 
chierii.  It  may  be  prepared  by  digesting  dragon's 
blood,  and  turpentine  of  the  Vosges  in  icater. 

EAU  D'HUSSON,  Vinum  colchici— e.  des 
Eijdropiques,  Serum  of  serous  membranes  —  e. 
Hydrosulfuree  simple.  Hydros ulphuretted  water. 

EAU  DE  JAVELLE,  Bleaching  liquid,  Aqua 
ulkali'na  oxymuriat'ica,  Labarraque's  Solution, 
(Common  salt,  ftij ;  black  oxide  of  manganese, 
Ibj  ;  water,  Ibij.  Put  into  a  retort,  and  add,  gra- 
dually, oil  of  vitriol,  Ibij.  Pass  the  vapour  through 
a  solution  of  subcarbonate  of  potassa  i^'ii^  in  water 
^^xxix,  applying  heat  towards  the  last.  S.  g. 
1.087.)  It  is  stimulant,  detergent,  and  antiseptic, 
— applied  externally. 

EAU  DE  LAC,  AYater,  lake. 

EA  U  DE  LECHELLE.  A  hsemostatic  water, 
prepared  by  macerating,  in  water,  various  aroma- 
tic and  astringent  herbs,  flowers  and  roots,  with 
tar,  and  distilling  the  same.  It  has  been  given 
internally,  in  hemorrhage,  and  used,  also,  as  an 
external  styptic. 

EAU  DE  LUCE,  Spiritus  ammoniae  succina- 
tus  —  e.  Magnesienne,  Magnesia,  fluid  —  e.  de 
Marais,  Water,  marsh  —  e.  Medicinale  d'Husson, 
see  Colchicum  autumnale,  Vinum  colchici,  and 
Veratrine,  sulphate  of — e.  Medicinale  naturelle. 
Water,  mineral — e.  de  Jler,  Water,  sea — e.  Mer- 
curielle.  Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici  —  e.  Minerale, 
Water,  mineral  —  e.  de  Monterossi,  Aqua  Binellii 

—  e.  de  Naples,  Naples  water,  factitious  —  e.  de 
Neige,  Water,  snow — e.  de  Pagliari,  Haemostatic, 
Pagliari's — e.  de  Pluie,  Water,  rain — e.  de  Potasse, 
Liquor  potassae  —  e.  de  Pint,  Water,  well  —  e.  de 
Babel,  Elixir  acidum  Halleri  —  e.  Begale,  Nitro- 
muriatic  acid — e.  Salee,  Water,  sea — e.  de  Source, 
Water,  well  —  e.  Styptique  de  Brocchieri,  Aqua 
Brocchierii  —  e.  jS'uo-ee,  Hydro-saccharum  —  e.  de 

Tisserand,  Eau  hemastatique  de  Tisserand  —  e. 

Vegeto-minSrale,  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis  dilu- 
tus— e.  de  Vichy,  Vichy  water — e.  de  Vie,  Brandy 
— e.  de  Vie  Allemande,  Tinctura  jalapii  composita 
— e.  de  Vie  Camphree,  Spiritus  camphors. 

EAUX,  LES,  Liquor  amnii  —  e.  Chaudes, 
Aigues-caudes  —  e.  Hepatiques,  Waters,  mineral, 
sulfureous  —  e.  Minerales  artificielles.  Waters, 
mineral,  artificial — e.  Minerales  factices,  Waters, 
mineral,  artificial  —  e.  Minerales  ferrugineuses. 
Waters,  mineral,  gaseous,  &c.  —  e.  Minerales 
yaseuses  ou  acidules.  Waters,  mineral,  gaseous,  &c. 

—  e.  Minerales  salines,  Waters,  mineral,  saline  — 


e.  Minh-ales  sulfureuses,  Waters,  mineral,  sulfu- 
reous— e.  Su/furees,  Waters,  mineral,  sulfureous. 

EBEAUPIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  An 
acidulous  chalybeate,  in  the  department  of  Loir-e 
Inferieure,  near  Nantes. 

EBL0UISSE3IENT,  Dazzling. 

EBRIECA'SUM,  from  ebrius,  '  drunk.'  A  term 
employed  by  Paracelsus  to  denote  a  disturbance  of 
the  reason,  similar  to  what  occurs  in  drunkenness. 

EBRIETAS,  Temulentia. 

EBRIOSITAS,  Temulentia. 

EBULLITIO,  Ebullition,  Strophulus  — e.  Sto- 
machi,  Ardor  ventriculi.  Pyrosis. 

EBULLIT"ION,  Ebullifio,  jEstuat"io,Anaz'- 
esis,  Causis,  from  ebrdlire,  (e  and  bullire),  'to 
bubble  up.'  Boiling ;  (F.)  Bouillonnement.  The 
motion  of  a  liquid,  by  which  it  gives  off  bubbles 
of  vapour,  by  heat  or  fermentation.  The  boiling 
point  of  liquids  varies  according  to  the  pressure 
to  which  they  are  subjected.  For  the  point  of 
ebullition  of  different  substances,  see  Heat. 

Ebullition  is  used  in  France,  in  a  vague  man- 
ner, for  every  kind  of  transient  eruption  of  the 
skin,  occurring  without  fever  or  with  a  slight 
febrile  attack. 

EBULUS,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

EBUR,  Ivory,  see  Tooth. 

EBURNEATIO,  Eburnification. 

EBURNIFICA'TION,  Ebumifica'tio,  Ehur- 
nea'tio,  Eburna'tion,  from  ebur,  '  ivory,'  and  Jio, 
'  to  be  made.'  An  incrustation  of  the  cartilages 
of  articular  surfaces  of  bones  with  phosphate  of 
lime,  which  gives  them  the  whiteness  and  hard- 
ness of  ivory  ; — Cartilages  eburnes. 

EC,  (before  a  vowel,  Ex,)  £«,  tf,  'out  of,  from, 
of.'     Hence,  Ecchymoma,  Eclectic,  &c. 

ECAILLE,  Scale. 

ECAILLES  D'HUITRES,  Ostreee  testae. 

ECAILLEUX,  Squamous. 

ECBALIA  ELATERIUM,  Momordica  elate- 
rium. 

ECBALIUM  AGRESTE,  Momordica  elate- 
rium — e.  Officinarum,  Momordica  elaterium. 

ECBESOMENON,  Eventus. 

ECBLOMA,  see  Abortion. 

ECBOLE,  Abortion. 

ECBOLIC,  Abortive. 

ECBOLICUS,  Abortive. 

ECBOLIUM  ELATERIUM,  Momordica  ela- 
terium. 

ECBOLIUS,  Abortive. 

ECBRAS'MATA,  from  cK^pa^oi,  'I  boil  up.' 
Ecchym'ata.  Hippocrates  uses  the  word  for  cer- 
tain burning  eruptions. 

ECCATHARTICUS,  Cathartic. 

ECCEPHALO'SIS,  Excerebra'tio,  Cephalo- 
tom'ia,  from  sk,  and  Kc<l>a\rj,  'head.'  The  removal 
of  the  brain  of  the  child  to  facilitate  delivery. 

ECCHELYSIS,  Expectoration. 

ECCHORESIS,  Defecation. 

ECCHYLOMA,  Succus  expressus. 

ECCHYMATA,  Ecbrasmata. 

ECCHYMO'MA,  Ecchymo'sis,  Pelidno'ma,  Pe- 
lio'ma,  Hypa'ma,  Hypoa'ma,  HypocB'mia,  from 
€K,  and  X"/"'^'  'juice,'  '  humour;'  Effn'sio,  Exsuc- 
ca'tio,  Suffu'sio  san'guinis.  A  livid,  black,  or 
yellow  spot,  Livor  sanguin'eus,  produced  by  blood 
effused  into  the  areolar  tissue  from  a  contusion. 
Spontaneous  effusions,  occurring  as  the  result  of 
disease  or  after  death,  are  called  suggillations. 

Ecchymoma  Arteriosum,  see  Aneurism  —  e. 
Capitis  recens  natorum,  Cephalasmatoma  —  e. 
Hyponychon,  Hyponychon  —  e.  Lymphaticum, 
Phlegmatia  dolens — e.  Melasma,  Melasma. 

ECCHYMOSIS,  Ecchymoma. 

ECCHYSIS,  EflFusion. 

ECCLISIS,  Luxation. 

ECCOPE,   Ec'tome,   Ectom'ia,   from    sk,    and 


ECCOPEUS 


820 


ECLAMPSIA 


KtrtfTuv,  'to  cut'  The  act  of  cutting  out:  also, 
a  perpendicular  division  of  the  cranium  by  a 
cutting  instrument.     See  Entaille. 

ECCOP'EUS.  Same  etymon.  A  knife  or  in- 
strument for  cutting.  An  ancient  instrument  — 
the  raspatory — used  in  trepanning. 

ECCOPROSI^STHE'SIS,from  zK,KOKpoi,  'ex- 
crement,' and  atadrjats,  'sensation.'  The  sensa- 
tion or  desire  to  evacuate  the  bowels. 

ECCOPROSIS,  Defecation. 

EGGOPROT'lC, Ecco2)rot'iciis,Eefoprot'ic,  from 
£?,  and  Konpoi,  '  excrement.'  Mild  purgatives  or 
laxatives,  whose  operation  is  confined  to  simply 
clearing  out  the  intestinal  canal. 

ECCORTHAT'ICUS,  from  £<c,  and  Kopdaw,  '  I 
collect.'  An  ancient  epithet  for  remedies  to 
which  was  attributed  the  property  of  evacuating 
collections  of  humours. 

ECCRINOL'OGY,  Eccrinolog"  ia,  Eccrisio- 
log"{a,  from  exKpivio,  (ex,  and  (cpii'w,)  '  I  separate,' 
and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  the  secre- 
tions. 

ECCRTSTOLOGIA,  Eccrinology. 

ECCRISION'OSI,  Eccrisionu'siy  from  tKicpiai;, 
'^excretion,'  and  voaos,  'disease.'  Diseases  of 
excretion. 

ECCRISIOS'CHESrS,  from  eKKpia;,  'excre- 
tion,' and  crj(;£(rij,  'retention.'  Arrest  or  retention 
of  excretions ;  or  of  a  critical  evacuation. 

ECCRISIS,  Excretion. 

ECCRIT'ICA.  Diseases  of  the  excernent 
functions.  The  6th  class  in  Good's  Nosology. 
Also,  medicines  that  act  on  the  excernent  system. 
Eliminnn'tin,  Eh'm'inatives. 

EGCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra-uterine — e.  Ab- 
dominalis.  Pregnancy,  abdominal  —  e.  Ovaria, 
Pregnancy,  ovarial — e.  Tubalis,  Pregnancy,  tubal. 

ECCYLIO'SIS,  from  m,  and  Kv\ictv,  '  to  turn 
round.'  Morbus  evolutio'nis.  A  disease  of  evo- 
lution or  development. 

ECDEMIOMA'NIA,  Ecdemion'osm,  from  tK&rj- 
li£u>,  'I  travel  about,'  and  fiavia,  'mania.'  A  mor- 
bid desire  to  be  travelling  about. 

ECDEMIONOSUS,  Ecdemiomania. 

EC'DORA,  from  ik,  and  iepiii,  '  I  flay.'  Anad'- 
ora,  Excovia'tio.  Excoriation  in  general,  but 
more  especially  of  the  urethra. 

EC'DYSIS,  from  E/c^wu,  (ek,  and  ^liu,)  'I  put  off.' 
Moulting  of  the  skin  of  animals.     Desquamation. 

EGHALOTTE,  Eschalntte,  Al'lium  Asealon'- 
ieum,  Cepa  Ascalon'ica.  The  schallot'.  A  species 
of  allium,  employed  in  culinary  preparations. 

ECHANORURE  (F.)  Emargina'tio,  Emargi- 
natu'ra,  Tncisu'ra.  A  French  word  employed  by 
anatomists  to  designate  depressions  and  notches 
of  various  shapes,  observed  on  the  surface  or 
edges  of  bones. 

ECHANORURE  ETHlfOTDALE  is  on  the 
nasal  bone,  which  unites  with  the  ethmoid.  See 
Ethmoid. 

ECHANORURE  N AS  ALE,  Nasal  Notch,  be- 
longs to  the  OS  frontis,  and  is  articulated  with  the 
bones  of  the  nose. 

ECHANORURE  PAROTIDTENNE  is  a 
triangular  space,  comprised  between  the  paroti- 
dean  edge  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone  and  the 
mastoid  process,  so  called  because  it  lodges  the 
parotid  gland. 

ECHANORURE  SCAPULAIRE,'Notch,  sca- 
pular— e.  Sciatique  grande,  sec  Sciatic  Notch — i. 
Sciatique  petite,  see  Sciatic  Notch. 

JEGHARDE,  Splinter. 

EOHARPE,  Sling. 

ECHARPE  GRANDE  et  E.  MO  YEN,  see 
Sling — e.  de  J.  L.  Petit,  see  Sling — e.  Petite,  see 
Sling. 

EOHAUBOULURES    (F.)     EchanbouiUure. 


Sudam'ina,  Hidro'a.  A  word  whose  meaning  is 
not  fixed.  It  is  applied  to  any  eruption  on  the 
surface  of  the  body,  accompanied  with  pricking 
and  other  uneasy  sensations. 

ECHAUFFANTS,  Calefacients. 

ECHA  UFFEMENS,  Chafing. 

EOHAUFFEMENT  (F.),  Calefac'tio,  Excale- 
I  fac'tio,  from  (F.)  echaxiffer,  [calefacerc,)  'to  make 
warm.'  Augmentation  of  heat  in  the  animal 
economy;  the  symptoms  of  which  are  a  more 
than  ordinary  sensation  of  heat,  disposition  to 
perspiration,  great  thirst,  general  indisposition, 
flushed  countenance,  Ac.  It  goes  off  by  the  use 
of  antiphlogistics  and  abstinence.  In  the  vulgar 
language  it  is  often  used  synonymously  with  con- 
stipation,  and  sometimes  for  simple  gonorrhoea, 
and  for  chafing. 

ECHECOL'LON,  from  e,-y;a),  'I  have,'  and  xoAAa, 
'glue.'  Echecollum.  Any  topical  glutinous  re- 
medy.— Gorraeus,  Galen. 

ECHELLES  BU  LIMAgON,  Scalse  of  the 
cochlea.. 

ECHENEIS,  Remora  Ilildani. 

ECHETROSIS,  Bryonia  alba. 

ECHID'NA  OCELLA'TA,  Broion  ten-inch- 
long  viper.  A  most  formidable  viper  in  the 
forests  of  Peru,  the  bite  of  which  is  so  rapidly 
fatal,  that  it  kills  a  strong  man  in  two  or  three 
minutes.     Tschudi. 

ECHINA'CEA  PURPU'REA,  from  cx'vo?,  the 
hedge  hog,  owing  to  the  spiny  chaff  of  the  round- 
ish disk.  Ptirple  Ooiiefloioer,  Black  Sampson;  of 
the  Composite  Family ;  indigenous  in  Ohio  and 
westward ;  its  dull  purple  flowers  appearing  in 
July.  The  root  is  aromatic,  and  used  popularly 
as  a  carminative. 

ECHINE,  Vertebral  column. 

ECHINOCOCCUS,  HOMINIS,  see  Worms— 
e.  Hunaanus,  Hydatid. 

ECHINODERMI,  Porcupine  men. 

ECHINOGLOSSUM,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 

ECHINOPHTHAL'MIA,from  t^n")?,  '  a  hedge- 
hog,' and  o<p^aXfiia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.' 
Ophthalmia  of  the  eyelids,  in  which  the  cilia  pro- 
ject like  the  quills  of  the  hedgehog. 

ECHI'NOPS,  from  txivog,  '  hedgehog,'  and 
a)\t,  'appearance.'  Crocodil'ion,  Acanthal'znea, 
Scabio'sa  cardnifo'lia,  Sphceroceph'ala  ela'tior, 
Echi'nopus,  Echinops  Sjyhcerocepih'alus,  Globe 
thistle.  The  root  and  seeds  are  reputed  to  bs 
moderately  diuretic. 

ECHIN'OPUS,  Echinops. 

ECHINUS  SCANDENS.  Allamanda. 

ECHITES  DIFFORMIS,  Forsterania  diffor- 
mis — e.  Suberecta,  see  Curare. 

ECHOS,  Sound,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

ECHOSCOPE.  Auscultation. 

ECHOSCOPIUM,  Stethoscope. 

ECHTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra- 
uterine. 

ECLACTIS'MA,  Eclamp'sis,  Eclamp'sia,  Epi- 
lamp'sis,  Effidgescen'tia,  from  sKAaKTi^co,  '  I  kick.' 
Epilepsy  is  often  accompanied  with  flashings  of 
light ;  and  hence  Hippocrates  has  used  the  last 
two  words  for  epilepsy.  They  have  all  been  ap- 
plied to  convulsions. 

EOLATRE,  Chelidonium  majus  —  e.  Petite, 
Ranunculus  fiearia. 
j  ECLAMP'SIA,  from  zKkapL^n,  (tK,  and  "Xaji^ut, 
'I  shine,')  'brilliancy.'  Flashes  of  light  before 
the  e3'es.  See  Eclactisma.  Convulsion,  as  the 
convulsions  of  children,  Eclamp'sia  infan'tum, 
Epilep'sin  acu'ta  infan'tum  seafebri'lis  infan'tum 
senpueri'lis,  (F.)  Convulsions  cles  Enfans,  Eclamji- 
sie,  but  probably  from  ck,  and  Xa/jijiavui,  AajnU'e/zaj, 
'  to  seize  hold  of.' 

Eclamp'sia  Gravida'rum  et  Parturien'- 
tium;    Puerperal    Convulsions,    (F.)    Gonvulsiona 


ECLAMPSIE  DES  ENFANS     321 


ECROUELLES 


des  femmes  enceintes  et  en  couche.  Convulsions 
of  pregnant  and  parturient  women. 

Eclampsia  Infantum,  see  Eclampsia — e.  Nu- 
tans, Convulsion,  Salaam  —  e.  Typhodes,  Ra- 
phania. 

ECLAMPSIE  PES  ENFANS,  Eclampsia 
infantum. 

_  ECLECTIC,  (PHYSICIANS,)  ^c^ec'^/cwl/ec?'- 
ici,  from  cxXtyui,  (ck,  and  Acyo),)  'I  choose.'  A  sect 
of  physicians,  who  professed  to  choose,  from 
other  sects,  all  the  opinions  which  appeared  to 
them  best  founded.  Agathinus  of  Sparta,  master 
of  Archigenes  of  Apamsea,  in  Syria,  was  its  re- 
puted founder;  and  Archigenes  and  Aretseuswere 
its  greatest  ornaments.  The  doctrine  was  called 
Eclec'tiHm,  Eclectis'mus,  Medici'na  eclec'tica, 
Eclectic  med'icine.  Every  judicious  physician 
must  be  an  eclectic. 

ECLECTISM,  see  Eclectic. 

ECLEC'TOS,  Eclig'ma,  Elig'ma,  Elix'is,  Lam- 
biti'vitm,  Linctus,  Linctua'riiim,  from  £fcX£i;^ii),  (fic, 
and  Acip^w,) 'I  lick.'  (F.)  Looch.  A  medicine, 
of  a  thick,  syrupy  consistence,  chiefly  used  to 
allay  cough,  and  consisting  of  pectoral  remedies. 
It  was  formerly  sucked  from  the  end  of  a  liquo- 
rice stick,  made  into  a  kind  of  pencil;  hence  its 
name  Linctus,  from  lingere,  'to  lick.'  Although 
the  linctus  is  usually  exhibited  in  thoracic  affec- 
tions, it  may  have  tonic  virtues  combined  with  it. 

ECLEGMA  ALBUM,  Looch  album— e.  Gum- 
moso-oleosum,  Looch  album. 

ECLEIPISIS,  Desquamation,  Exfoliation. 

ECLEPISIS,  Desquamation,  Exfoliation. 

ECLEPISITREPANON,  Exfoliative  trepan. 

ECLIGMA,  Eclectos. 

ECLIMIA,  Boulimia. 

ECLIPSIS,  Syncope, 

EOLISSE,  Splint. 

ECLTSES,  Adynamia. 

EC'LYSIS,  Exsoht'tio ;  from  tKAuu,  'I  loosen.' 
Resolution,  prostration  of  strength  ;  faintness. 

EcLYSis  P:tfEUMO-cARDiACA,  Asphyxia. 

ECMYZESIS,  Exsuctio. 

E^CN(EA,  Dementia. 

ECOLE,  School. 

ECON'OMY,  (Eeonom'ia,  from  oiKta,  'a  house,' 
'a  family,'  and  vc/xui,  'I  rule.'  By  the  term  ani- 
mal economy  is  understood, — the  aggregate  of  the 
laws  which  govern  the  organism.  The  word  eco- 
nomy is,  also,  used  for  the  aggregate  of  parts 
which  constitute  man  or  animals. 

ECORCE,  Cortes  —  e.  Cariocostine,  Canella 
alba — &.  Eleutherienne,  see  Croton  cascarilla — e. 
cle  Saint  Lucie,  Cinchonae  Caribaese  cortex  —  e. 
de  Winter,  see  Wintera  aromatica — e.  Fausse  de 
Winter,  Canella  alba. 

ECORCHURES,  Chafing,  Excoriation. 

ECOULEMENT,  Discharge,  Gonorrhoea— e. 
Blanc,  Leucorrhoea  —  e.  de  Sung  par  IPnteatin, 
Hoematochezia. 

ECOUVILLON,  see  Ecouvillonnement. 

EC0VVILL0NNE31ENT  (F.),  from  ecou- 
villon,  'a  kind  of  mop,  the  sponge  of  a  gun.'  A 
term  used  by  the  French  therapeutists  for  the 
act  of  cleansing  or  applying  remedies  to  a  part 
by  means  of  a  mop  or  brush  fixed  to  the  end  of  a 
piece  of  whalebone.  Such  mop  or  brush  is  termed 
Ecouvillon. 

ECPHLOGOSIS,  Inflammation. 

ECPHLYSIS,  Vesicula— e.  Herpes,  Herpes— 
e.  Herpes  circinatus,  Herpes  circinatus — e.  Her- 
pes exedens.  Herpes  exedens — e.  Herpes  miliaris, 
Herpes  phlyctajnodes — e.  Herpes  zoster.  Herpes 
zoster  —  e.  Pompholyx,  Pompholyx  —  e.  Rhypia, 
Rupia. 

ECPHRACTIC,  Deobstruent. 

ECPHRAX'IS,  from  €K<ppa<rau),  '1  remove  ob- 
21 


struction.'  The  action  of  ecphractic  or  deob- 
struent remedies. 

ECPHROXIA,  Insanity— e.  Melancholia,  Me- 
lanchol3'. 

ECPHYAS,  Appendix  vermiformis  ceeci. 

ECPHYMA,  Excrescence,  Tumour — e.  Callus, 
Callosity  —  e.  Caruncula,  Caruncle — e.  Clavus, 
Corn  —  e.  (Edematicum,  ffidema,  Phlegmatia  do- 
lens — e.  Physconia,  Physconia — e.  Trichoma, 
Plica — e.  Verruca,  Verruca. 

ECPHYMATA,  Rubeola. 

ECPHYSE'SIS,  Effla'tio,  Effla'tus,  from  iKcpv- 
cau),  '1  breathe  through.'  Exsuffla'tio.  A  quick 
and  forced  expulsion  of  air  from  the  lungs. 

ECPHYSIS,  Apophysis  —  e.  Ventriculi,  Duo- 
denum. 

ECPIES'MA,  from  ticTru^o),  {ik,  and  ttu^u,,)  'I 
compress.'  Effractxi'ra,  Impac'tion,  Decea'aio. 
A  fracture  of  the  cranium,  with  depression  of  the 
fragments  and  compression  of  the  brain. 

ECPIES'MOS,  Expres'aio,  Ex'itus,  Ecpiea'- 
vion,  same  etymon.  Celsus  uses  these  words  to 
signify  the  forcing  of  the  eye  from  the  orbitar 
cavity,  with  apparent  but  not  real  augmentation 
of  the  organ.     See  Exophthalmia. 

ECPLERO'MA,  from  «,  and  r^^rjpoc^,  '  I  fill.' 
A  cuahion,  a  pud.  Hippocrates  means,  by  this 
term,  a  small  pad  or  ball  of  leather,  or  other 
substance  intended  to  fill  the  hollow  of  the  arm- 
pit; used  probably  in  reducing  luxations  of  the 
shoulder. 

ECPLEXIA,  Stupor. 

ECPLEXIS,  Stupor. 

ECPNEUxMATOSIS,  Expiration. 

ECPNEUSIS,  Expiration. 

ECPNOE,  Expiration. 

ECPTO'MA,  Ecjito'sis,  Exciden'tia;  from  «- 
rriTrci),  (sk,  and  mzru,)  'I  fall  out.'  This  word 
has  been  used  in  various  senses,  1.  Synony- 
mously with  luxation.  2.  For  the  separation  of 
grangrenous  parts.  3.  For  the  expulsion  of  the 
secundines.  4.  For  the  prolapsus  of  the  womb : 
and  5.  For  intestinal  or  omental  hernia,  &c. 

ECPTOSIS,  Luxation. 

ECPYCTICA,  Incrassantia. 

ECPYEMA,  Abscess,  Suppuration,  Empyema. 

ECPYESIS,  Abscess,  Empyema,  Pustule  —  e. 
Impetigo,  Impetigo— e.  Porrigo,  Porrigo — e.  Por- 
rigo  crustace.i,  Porrigo  larvalis— e.  Porrigo  favosa, 
Porrigo  favosa  —  e.  Porrigo  furfuraeea,  Porrigo 
furfurans  —  e.  Porrigo  galeata,  Porrigo  scutulata 
— e.  Porrigo  lupinosa,  Porrigo  lupinosa— e.  Sca- 
bies, Psora. 

ECPYETICUS,  Suppurative. 

ECPYISCONTUS,  Suppurative. 

ECRASEUR,  'a  crusher/  from  ecraaer,  'to 
crush.'  A  surgical  instrument  invented  by  M. 
Chassaignac,  of  Paris,  which  consists  of  a  steel 
chain,  like  that  of  a  chain-saw  devoid  of  teeth, 
which  is  attached  at  both  ends  to  a  steel  mandril, 
which  passes  through  a  hollow  steel  cylinder. 
The  tightening  of  the  chain  is  made  slowly  and 
with_  great  force,  and  in  the  last  modification  of 
the  instrument  is  effected  by  an  endless  screw 
with  a  lever  handle,  working  on  a  nut  cogged  on 
its  outer  side,  which  plays  on  a  thread  cut  on 
the  mandril.  The  slow  bruising  it  makes  is  said 
to  be  rarely  followed  by  hemorrhage,  even  in  the 
case  of  hemorrhoids,  and  other  vascular  tumours 

ECREVISSE,  Crab. 

ECREX'IS,  Rnptu'ra,  from  txprj-yvvtn,  (ck,  and 
prJyvv^>t,)  'to  break.'     Rupture,  laceration 

ECRHYTH'MUS,  «,  and  pv&^os,  'rhythm.' 
A  term  applied  to  the  pulse,  particularly  when 
irregular. — Galen. 

E^CROE,  Discharge. 

ECROUELLES,  Scrofula  — e.  3/esentirtqtie8, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 


ECRTSIS 


322 


ECZEMA 


EC'RYSIS,  from  cxpcw,  '  I  run  from.'  A  dis- 
cliarge. 

ECSARCO'MA,  from  ex,  and  mp^,  'flesh.     A 
fleshy  excrescence  of  various  kinds.     See  Fun- 
gosity,  and  Sarcoma. 
ECSESMA,  Eczema. 

EC'STASIS,  from  e^iarviii,  (sf,  and  icrTr,ni,)  '  I 
am  besicJe   myself.'     An  ec'atacy  or  trance,  Cams 
ee'stasis,  Oat'ochtis,  Ex'stasis,  Catalejysia  spu'ria, 
Ili/perplexie,  (F.)  Extase.     A  state  in  which  cer- 
tain ideas  so  completely  absorb  the  mind,  that  the 
external  sensations  are  suspended,  the  voluntary 
movements   arrested,  and   even  the  vital  action 
retarded.    In  catalepsy,  there  is,  in  addition,  com- 
plete  suspension    of    the   intellectual    faculties. 
This    last  condition   is   in    general  described  as 
trance.     See,  also,  luxation. 
ECSTROPHE,  Exstrophia. 
ECTASIA,  Aneurism — e.  Venarum,  Varix. 
EOTASIS,  Extension,  Expansion. 
Ec'tasis  I'ridis,  is  the  extension  or  expansion 
of  the  iris,  which  occasions  diminution  of  the  pupil. 
ECTEXIS,  Colliquation. 

E  C  T  H  E  TOBREPHOTROPHEUM,  Brepbo- 
tropheura. 

ECTHLIM'MA,  Exulcera' do Jrom  tK^XiiSm,  'I 
express.'  'I  bruise.'  Attrition.  Chafing,  or 
excoriation,  produced  by  external  violence. — 
Hippocroto.j. 

ECTHLIPSIS,  Expression. 
ECTHYMA  or  ECTHY'MA,  from  tK&uu>,  <l 
break  out.'  Ecpye'sis,  Phlysis  ecthyma.Phlyza'cia 
a'gria,  Sca'biea  Vera,  Fiirun'culi  aton'ici,  Pctp'ii- 
loHs  Scall,  (F.)  Dartre  crustacee,  D.  fongueuse.  A 
cutaneous  eruption,  characterized  by  large  round 
pustules,  always  distinct  and  seated  upon  an  indu- 
rated and  highly  inflamed  base.  In  the  course 
of  a  day  or  two  the  pustules  generally  break,  and 
olive-brown  incrustations  are  formed  which  ad- 
here firmly  to  the  skin.  These  separate  in  about 
a  fortnight.  The  disease  requires  the  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment.  Under  the  Ecthymata,  Vogel 
has  designated  certain  hard,  unequal  tumours 
which  appear  transitorily  on  the  skin.  See  Ef- 
florescence, Exanthem,  and  Pustule. 

ECTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra- 
uterine. 

ECTILLOTICUS,  Depilatory. 
ECTILMOS,  Evulsion. 

ECTOME,  Castration,  Eccope,  Entaille,  Ex- 
cision. 

ECTOMIA,  Castration,  Eccope. 
ECTOMIUS,  Castratus. 
ECTONION,  Helleborus  niger. 
ECTOPAG"IA,    (F.)    Ectopagie,    from   tKTog, 
'outwards,'   and   itriyvvyn,    'to  put   together.'     A 
genus  of  double  monsters,  having  a  common  um- 
bilicus, comprising  those  which  are  united  natu- 
rally throughout  the  whole  extent  of  the  thorax. 
ECTOPARASITES,  Epizoa. 
EC'TOPHYTE,  Ectoph'yton,  from  cicro?,  '  out- 
side,'  and   (pvTov,    '  a   vegetable.'      A   vegetable 
parasite,  which  grows  on  the  surface  of  the  body. 
ECTOP'IA,  Ectop'iais,  Ectojnsm'us,  Entoce'le, 
Situs  alie'nns  seu  p>erve7-'8ua  seu  muta'tus,  Anomo- 
topie, — Piorry,  from  ek,  and  totto;,  '  out  of  place.' 
Morbid  displacement  of  parts.     See  Luxation. 
Ectopia  Ani,  Proctocele. 

Ectopia  Cordis,  Cardianas'trophe.  Displace- 
ment, dislocation,  or  unnatural  position  of  the 
heart. 

Ectopia  Herniosa,  Hernia —  e.  Splenis,  Sple- 
nectopia. 

ECTOPOCYS'TICUS,   from   tKTono?,   'out   of 
place,'  and  kv^th,  'bladder.'     A  disease  depend- 
ent upon  displacement  of  the  bladder. 
ECTOPROTIC,  Eccoprotic. 
ECTOZO'A,  (sing.  Ectozo'on,)  Extozo'a,  Exto- 
ron'ria,   (P.)    Extozoaires ;  from  t/crof,   'outside,' 


and  ^0)01',  'an  animal.'  Parasitic  animals  that 
infest  the  exterior  of  the  body, — as  lice.  A  term 
which,  like  Helmin'thia  errat'ica,  Pseudohelmiii'- 
thes,  and  Pseud.opar'asifes,  is  applied,  also,  to 
worms  or  larves  of  insects  that  have  been  intro- 
duced into  the  intestinal  canal  by  accident.  Ani- 
malcules, most  frequently  swallowed,  are  the 
hairworm,  leech,  grub  of  the  fly,  caddy  insect — 
PhalcB'na  pengiiina'lis ;  the  larve  of  the  bee,  the 
spider,  the  triton  palus'tris,  lacer'ta  aquat'ica, 
&o.  In  animals,  bots  are  produced  by  swallowing 
the  ova  of  the  oestrus  or  gadfly.  See  Helminthia 
erratica. 

ECTRIM'MA,  from  tKrpi^u),  {ck,  and  rpij3io,)  'I 
rub  off.'  Ulceration  of  the  skin  ;  and  particu- 
larly that  which  arises  from  the  pressure  of  the 
bed  on  diflFerent  parts  of  the  body,  after  a  pro- 
tracted confinement. — Hippocrates. 

ECTRODACTYL'IA,from  exTpunrig,  'abortion,' 
and  SuKTvXoi, '  a  finger.'  A  malformation,  in  which 
one  or  more  fingers  or  toes  are  wanting. 

ECTROGr"ENY,     Ectrogen'ia,     Ectrogen'esis, 
from  cKTp(ii(n;,  'abortion,'  and  yevtais,  'generation.' 
Monstrosity  by  defect. — Serres. 
ECTRO'MA,  Abortion. 

ECTRO'MELES,  from  cKrpoKn?,  'abortion,'  and 
jieXoi,  'a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters,  in  which 
the  limbs  are  nearly  or  altogether  deficient,  as  in 
the  ordinary  cetacea. — I.  G-.  St.  Ililaire. 

EC'TROPE,  Divertic'ulum,  from  SKrpETroi,  {ck, 
and  TpeiTio,)  'I  turn  off','  'divert.'  Any  duct  by 
which  peccant  or  morbific  matter  was  supposed  to 
be  drawn  off. — Hippocrates. 

ECTROP'ION,  same  etymon.  Ectrop'ium, 
Ever'slo  jjal'pebrcp.,  Blepharopto' sis  Ectro'pinm, 
Blcpharoto'sis,  Pal'pehrce  infe'rior  extror'suin 
flexa,  Divarica'tio  seu  Rejiex'io  seu  Reelina'tio 
palpehra'rum,  (P.)  Eraillement  des  Paupieres, 
Renverseinent  des  Paupieres.  Eversion  of  the 
eyelids,  so  that  they  do  not  completely  cover  the 
globe  of  the  eye.  It  happens  more  commonly  to 
the  lower  than  to  the  upper  eyelid.  It  may  be 
owing  to  the  retraction  of  the  skin,  after  the  cure 
of  an  ulcer,  wound,  or  burn  of  the  eyelid;  or  it 
may  depend  on  tumefaction  or  relaxation  of  tho 
conjunctiva.  In  the  majority  of  cases,  removal 
of  a  portion  of  the  conjunctiva  will  eS'eet  a  cure; 
but  there  are  many  which  dt;fy  the  efforts  of  art. 
The  ancients  called  Ectropion  of  the  upper  eyelid 
lagop  ht/ialm  in. 

ECTROSIS,  Abortion. 
ECTROSMOS,  Abortion. 

ECTROT'IC,  from  txTpw^a,  (ck,  and  rirpucr/cu), 
'  I  wound,')  '  abortion.'  Ectrot'icus,  Abortive.  An 
epithet   applied   to    methods  for  preventing  the 
development  or  causing  the  abortion  of  any  dis- 
ease—  as    of  chancres    by  the   use    of  caustic; 
small-pox  pustules  by  the  use  of  mercurial  oint- 
ment, <&c. 
ECTYLOTICUS,  Catheretic. 
ECTYMPANOSIS,  Tympanites. 
EGUMEUX,  Frothy." 

ECUSSONS.  'Escutcheons  or  shields.'  Plas- 
ters spread  upon  the  skin  ;  or  small  bags — sachets 
— of  the  shape  of  escutcheons,  filled  with  odorous 
powders,  which  are  applied  on  the  skin.  See 
Sachet. 

ECZEMA,  from  e^eu,  (ek,  and  ?eu,)  'I  boil 
out,'  '  I  effervesce.'  Eczes'ma,  Ecses'ma,  Pus' tula 
ardens,  Cytis'ma  Eczema,  Humid  Scall  or  Tetter, 
Running  Scall,  (P.)  Dartre  squammeuse  humide, 
D.  vive,  Gale  epidemique.  Heat  eruption.  An 
eruption  of  small  vesicles  on  various  parts  of  the 
skin,  usually  set  close  or  crowded  together;  with 
little  or  no  inflammation  around  their  bases,  and 
unattended  by  fever. 

Eczema  Capitis,  E.  of  the  hairy  scalp. 
Eczema  of  the  Face,  at  an  advanced  stage, 


ECZEMATOSES 


323 


EFFUSION 


and  occurring  in  young  children,  has  been  de- 
scribed under  the  names  Grusta  lactea  and  Por- 
rign  larvalis, 

Ec'zEMA  OF  THE  Hairy  Scalp,  Eczema  cap'i- 
tis,  Vesic'ular  seall,  is  oftea  confounded  with 
other  affections,  under  the  names  Porrigo  and 
Tinea,  which  are  pustular,  not  vesicular,  in  their 
form.  It  occurs  during  dentition,  and  even  after- 
wards, and  the  discharge  is  so  profuse,  that  the 
head  appears  as  if  dipped  in  some  glutinous 
liquid.  By  and  by,  the  secretion  dries  into  crusts 
and  mats  the  hair  into  little  separate  tufts.  The 
scalp  gives  evidence  of  inflammatory  excitement, 
and  the  lymphatic  ganglions  of  the  neck  are  apt 
to  become  inflamed  and  suppurate. 

A  variety  of  humid  scalled  head,  in  which  the 
humour  from  the  excoriated  surface  runs  down 
upon  the  hairs,  and  encloses  them  in  little  silvery 
pellicles  or  sheaths,  has  received  the  name  Asbes- 
tos Scctll. 

Ec'zEJFA  IjtPETiGiNo'DES,  Gall,  Grocers'  or 
Bricklayers'  Itch.  Produced  by  the  irritation  of 
sugar  or  lime. 

Ec'zEJiA  Mercuria'le,  E.  ruhrum,  Erythe'ma 
mercun'a'le  seu  ichoro'siim,  Hydrargyr'ia,  Hy- 
drargyro'sis,  Hydrargyri' asis,3Iorhus  mercuria'lis, 
Mercu' rial  lepra  or  rash.  A  variety  of  eczema, 
arising  from  the  irritation  of  mercury.  The  treat- 
ment is  chiefly  palliative,  consisting  in  ablution 
with  mucilaginous  infusions  or  decoctions ;  mild 
dressings,  where  the  cuticle  has  exfoliated  ;  avoid- 
ing all  irritation;  keeping  the  bowels  open;  with 
the  use  of  sulphuric  acid  and  cinchona. 

Eczema  Rdbedw,  Eczema  mercuriale. 

ECZEMATO'SBS,  (G.)  Eczematosen,  same 
etymon.  A  family  of  diseases,  in  the  classifica- 
tion of  Fuchs,  including  morbid  conditions  of  the 
cutaneous  secretions — as  of  the  perspiration,  se- 
baceous and  colouring  matters,  &c.,  and  hence 
many  chronic  cutaneous  affections.  His  subdi- 
visions are,  ephidroses,  smegmorrhoea,  acarpcB, 
polycarpm,  and  monocarpcB. 

ECZESIS,  Effervescens. 

ECZESMA,  Eczema,  Lichen  tropicus. 

EDEMATOUS,  (Edematous. 

EDENTATUS,  Edentulus. 

EDENTULI,  Nefrendes. 

EDEN'TULOUS,£:rfen«a'ie(^,  Eden'txdus,  Eden- 
ta'tus,  from  e,  and  dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth.'  An'o- 
dus,  Carens  den'tibus,  Nodes,  Nodus,  (F.)  Edente. 
One  without  teeth.  This  defect  can  only  be 
remedied  by  artificial  means.     See  Nefrendes. 

EDERA,  Hedera  helix. 

EDIBLE,  Esculent. 

EDOOEPHALE,  from  ai6oia,  the  'sexual  or- 
gans,' and  Kt<pa\ri,  'head.'  A  monster,  which  has 
the  two  ears  near  each  other,  or  united  under  the 
head,  the  jaws  atrophied;  no  mouth,  and  above 
the  eye  a  tube  (trompe)  resembling  a  penis. — I. 
G.  St.  Hilaire. 

EDROPPIT,  Hydropic. 

EDUCATIO  IXFANTUxM,  Pjedia. 

EDULCORA'TIOX,  Glycan'sis,  Edulcora'tio, 
from  e,  and  dulcis,  'sweet.'  An  operation,  the 
object  of  which  is  to  deprive  a  substance  of  its 
acrid  and  disagreeable  taste,  or  at  least  to  disguise 
it.  Also,  the  addition  of  a  saccharine  substance 
to  a  medicine,  whose  taste  it  is  desirable  to  modify 
agreeably. 

EDULE.  Comestible. 

EDULIS,  Comestible. 

EE,  Eye. 

EESKIN",  Singultus. 

EEWIN^KER,  Palpebra. 

EF'FERENT,  Efferens,  Centrifugal,  Exod'ic, 
from  effero,  (e,  and  ferre,)  '  I  carry,'  '  transport.' 
Conveying  outwards,  as  from  the  centre  to  the 
periphery. 


Vasa  efferen'tia  are  those  lymphatic  or  ehyli- 
ferous  vessels  which  issue  from  the  glands  to  con- 
vey their  lymph  to  the  thoracic  duct ;  so  called 
to  distinguish  them  from  those  which  pass  to 
those  glands,  and  which  have  been  termed  vasa 
afferen'tia  seu  inferen' tia.  Also,  nerves  that  con- 
vey the  nervous  influence  from  the  nervous  cen- 
tres to  the  circumference.     See  Afferent. 

At  the  upper  extremity  of  the  mediastinum 
testis,  the  ducts  of  the  rete  testis  terminate  in 
from  9  to  .30  small  ducts,  called  vasa  efferentia, 
which  forms  the  Coni  vascxdo'si. 

EFFERVES'CENCE,  Effervescen'tia,  Zesis, 
Ec'zesis,  from  effervescere,  (e,  and  fervescere,)  'to 
grow  hot.'  That  agitation,  which  is  produced  by 
the  escape  of  gas  through  a  liquid,  independently 
of  the  heat  of  the  mixture;  such,  for  instance,  as 
results  from  the  mixture  of  acetic  acid  and  car- 
bonate of  potassa. 

In  Pathology  it  has  a  similar  signification.  It 
expresses,  in  the  language  of  the  humorists,  a 
sort  of  ebullition  in  the  fluids  of  the  living  body, 
produced  either  by  elevation  of  temperature  or 
by  the  reaction  on  each  other  of  the  principles 
contained  in  the  fluids  in  circulation. 

EFFETUS,  Impoverished. 

EFFICA'CIOUS,  Ef'Jicax,  from  efficere,  (e, 
and  facere,)  '  to  accomplish.'  That  which  pro- 
duces a  great  effect, — as  'an  efficacious  remedy.' 

Mediei'na  efficax,  La  Iledecine  efficaee,  is  a 
term  sometimes  applied  to  surgery. 

EFFILA,  Ephelides. 

EFFLATIO,  Eephysesis. 

EFFLATUS,  Eephysesis. 

EFFLORATIO,  Exanthem. 

EFFLORES'CENCE,  Efflora'tio,  Effloreseen'- 
tia,  from  effl.orescere,  [e,  and  florescere,)  'to  blow 
as  a  flower.'    Stribili'go,  Ecthy'ma. 

In  Pathology,  efflorescence  has  the  same  mean- 
ing as  exanthema;  and,  in  the  nosology  of  Sau- 
vages,  the  name  is  given  to  that  order  of  diseases. 
Sometimes,  it  is  confined  to  the  cutaneous  blush, 
the  exanthe'sis  of  Good. 

Efflorescence  is,  also,  the  conversion  of  a  solid 
substance  into  a  pulverulent  state  by  exposure  to 
the  air.  In  salts  this  is  generally  owing  to  the 
loss  of  a  part  of  their  water  of  crystallization. 

EFFL  ORESCENCE  ER  Y SIP  EL  A  TE  USE, 
Roseolas. 

EFFLORESCENTIA,  Exanthem. 

EFFLORESCENTI^,  Elevures. 

EFFLUVIUM,  Emanation  —  e.  Latrinarium, 
Milte — e.  Palustre,  Miasm,  Marsh. 

EFFLUXION,  Abortion. 

EFFORT,  (e,  and /or<!»,  'strong.')  Nisus,  Co- 
na'tus,  Peira.  A  muscular  contraction  of  greater 
or  less  strength,  the  object  of  which  is,  either  to 
resist  an  external  force,  or  to  accomplish  a  func- 
tion, which  has  become  naturally  laborious:  — 
such  are,  the  act  of  pushing  away,  or  of  drawin" 
a  body  towards  us,  and  the  more  or  less  painful 
efforts  used  by  the  mother  to  cause  the  expulsion 
of  the  foetus.  In  France,  the  word  effort  is  often 
used  synonymously  with  hernia;  and  signifies, 
likewise,  the  painful  twitches  of  muscles,  occa- 
sioned by  over-exertion,  or  by  the  rupture  of 
some  of  their  fleshy  fibres.  Sauvages  calls  Efforts 
des  reins,  Lumba'go  d  nisu,  the  pain  in  the  "loins 
occasioned  by  bearing  too  heavy  a  burden. 

EFFORT,  Hernia— e.  des  Reins,  see  Effort. 

EFFOSSIO,  Exhumation. 

EFFRACTURA,  Ecpiesma. 

Effractu'ra  Cranii,  Enthla'sis  Cra'nii,  Frac- 
ture of  the  Cranium,  with  depression. — Pare 

EFFRENITATIO,  Hypercatharsis. 

EFFUSIO,  Effusion-— e.  Seminis,  Ejaculation. 

^^'EWQ10'Si,Effa'sio,Ec'chysis,  from  effundere, 
(e,  a.nd  fundere,  fusum,)  'to  pour  out.'  (P.)  Epan- 


£garS 


324 


ELJEOPHANES 


chement,  {InJiUration  is  tbe  term  generally  em- 
ployed for  eifusion  into  the  areolar  membrane. 
The  pouring  out  of  blood  or  of  any  other  fluid 
into  the  areolar  membrane,  or  into  the  eavities 
of  the  body.  The  effusion  of  serum  or  of  coagu- 
lahle  lymph,  for  instance,  is  a  common  result  of 
inflammation  of  serous  membranes. 
EGARE,  Wild. 

EGARE3IENT  B'ESPRIT,  Delirium,  In- 
sanity. 

EGER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF  THE.  In 
the  valley  of  the  Eger,  at  the  western  extremity  of 
Bohemia,  there  are  several  acidulous  springs.  One 
of  the  most  frequented  of  these  is  Franzensbad. 

EGE'RIA.     In  ancient  mythology,  a  nymph 
to  whom  pregnant   females   offered  sacrifices  nt 
conceptus  alvtis  facUins  egeretur.     By  some,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  identical  with  Lucina. 
EGESTA,  see  Excretion. 
EGESTAS,  Want. 

EGESTIO,  Defecation,  Dejection,  Excretion. 
EGGBED,  Ovarium. 
EGG-BRANDY,  see  Ovum. 
EGG-PLANT,  Solanum  melongena— e.  AVhite 
of,  Albumen  ovi. 

EGLANTIER  BE  CHIEN,  Rosa  canina— e. 
Sauvage,  Rosa  canina. 

EGOBRONCHOPHONT,  see  Egophonj'. 
EGOPHONE,  Egophony. 

EGOPH'ONIC,  yEgopho'nieus,  (F.)  EgopJio- 
nique.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Having  the 
character  of,  or  relating  to,  egophony. 
EOOPHONIQUE,  Egophonic. 
EGOPH'ONY,  jEgopho'nia,  from  ai^,  aiyo;,  'a 
f oat,' and  (piovij,  'voice.'  Cajjrilo'quium,  Trago- 
pho'nia,  Goat's  Voice,  Bleating  Voice,  (F.)  Ego- 
vhonie,  Voix  chevrotante  seu  egophonique  seu  de 
Polichinelle  seu  senile,  Pectoriloquie  chevrotante. 
Laennec  has  designated  by  this  name,  the  kind 
of  resonance  of  the  voice  heard  through  the 
stethoscope,  when  we  examine  the  chest  of  one 
labouring  under  moderate  eS'usion  into  one  of  the 
pleurse.  The  voice,  which  strikes  the  ear  through 
the  cylinder,  is  more  sharp  and  harsh  than  usual, 
and  tremulous  and  broken,  like  that  of  the  goat. 
The  patient  himself  is  called  Egophone.  Bouil- 
laud  afiirms,  that  the  'bronchial  and  bleating 
voice,'  (egohroncliophonie.)  is  the  principal  symp- 
tom of  pleuropneumonia.  Egophony  exists,  how- 
ever, in  cases  of  hepatization  where  there  is  no 
pleural  disease. 

EGREGOR'SIS,  Vigil'ia,Vigili'eB,  Vigilan'tia-, 
Vigila'tio,  Vigil'iiim,  from   cypsyopeui,  'I  watch.' 
Watchfulness.     A  morbid  want  of  sleep. — Galen. 
EGRESSUS  VENTRICULI,  Pylorus. 
EIDOS,  tiSog,  'form,  resemblance.'     The  ci  is 
often  changed  into  lo,  at  the   termination    of  a 
word.     Thus,  HcBmatoV des  or  HcBmato'des. 
EILAMIDES,  Meninges. 

EILE'MA,  from  tiAto?,  Il'eus,  (ttXEu,  'I  roll,') 
'a  convolution.'  Vogel  has  given  this  name  to 
a  fixed  pain,  occupying  some  portion  of  the  in- 
testinal canal,  which  the  patient  compares  to  the 
sensation  that  would  be  produced  by  a  nail  driven 
into  the  part. 
EILEON,  Heon. 
EILEUS,  Ileus. 

EILOID,  (rimoM)-,)  Eiloi'des,  from  siXem, 'I 
roll,"  and  tiios,  'resemblance.'  A  morbid  growth 
of  the  cutis,  coiled  or  fulded. 

EILSEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Eilsen 
is  about  six  German  miles  from  Hanover,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Harrelberg.  It  has  eleven  springs, 
of  which  seven  are  sulphureous  and  four  chaly- 
beate. 

EISANTHE'MA,  Exanthe'ma  inter'num,  En- 
ianthe'ma,  from  cis,  'within,'  and  avdrijia,  'efflo- 


rescence.    An  eruption  on  a  mucous  membrane  5 
— aphthie,  for  example. 

EISBOLE,  Attack,  Injection. 
EISPNOE,  Inspiration. 

EJACULATIO,  Ejaculation  —  e.  Seminis  Im- 
pedita,  Bradyspermatismus. 

EJACULA'TION,  Ejacula'tio,  from  e,  and  ja- 
culor,  (itself  ir om.  jac.ere,)  'I  throw.'  GonohoVia, 
Gonobolis'mus,  Ejaculatio  seu  Profu'sio  seu  Effn'- 
sio  Sem'inis,  Expatra'tio,  Patra'tio,  Sperniob'ole. 
The  emission  of  sperm.  That  which  oeor.rs 
during  coition  has  been  termed  Inaemina'tion. 
The  act,  by  which  that  fluid  is  darted  out  through 
the  urethra. 

EJACULA'TOR.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
effects  the  emission  of  sperm.  See  Transversus 
perinsei. 

Ejaculator  Seminis,  Accelerator  urinse. 
EJAC'ULATORY,  EJaculato'rius,  Ejac'ulans: 
same    etymon.     (F.)    Ejaculateiir,    Ejaculatoire. 
Concerned  in  the  ejaculation  of  sperm. 

E.iACULATORY  Ducts  or  Canals,  (F.)  Conduits 
ou  Canaux  ejaculatenrs,  are  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  vasa  deferentia  with  the  ducts  of  the  vesi- 
culae  seminales.  They  open  at  the  lateral  and 
anterior  parts  of  the  verumontanum,  and  convey 
into  the  urethra  the  sperm  which  is  discharged 
from  the  vesiculae,  as  well  as  that  which  comes 
directly  from  the  testicle  by  the  vas  deferens. 
Between  them  there  is  often  a  depression,  some- 
times of  a  large  size,  which  is  termed  Utric'vlus, 
U.  prostat'icus,  Vesi'ca  seu  vesic'ida  prostat'ica, 
Sinus  pocula'ris  seu  ])ros'iatcB,  Corpus' culumWeh- 
eria'num,  Webe'rian  organ  or  corpuscle,  which 
has  been  regarded  as  the  analogue  to  the  uterus 
in  the  female,  and  thence  called  V'terus  mascu- 
li'ntis. 

EJECTIO,  Excretion — c.  Fsecum,  Defecation. 
EJECTION,  Ejec'tio,  from  ejicere,  efectuni,  [e, 
and  jacere,)  'to  throw  out  or  eject.'     The  excre- 
tion of  the  fffices,  urine,  sputa,  &c. 
EL  NISPERO,  Sapota. 

ELABORA'TION,  Elabora'tio,  from  e,  and 
laborare,  laboratum,  'to  work.'  This  word  is 
used,  by  physiologists,  to  signify  the  various 
changes  which  substances  susceptible  of  assimi- 
lation undergo,  through  the  action  of  living 
organs,  before  they  are  capable  of  serving  for  nu- 
trition. The  food  is  said  to  be  elaborated  in  the 
stomach  during  the  formation  of  chyme;  the 
chyme  is  elaborated  in  the  small  intestine  before 
it  is  chyle,  <fec. 

ELjEA,  Olea  Europsea. 

ELJiAGNUS,  Myrica  gale — e.  Cordo,  Myrica 
gale. 

EL^OCARPUS  COPALLIFERUS,  CopaL 
ELJEOCEROLE,  Cerate. 
ELJiOM'ELI,  from  iKaiov,  'oil,'  and  ntKi, 
'honey.'  Dioscorides  means,  by  this,  an  oil 
thicker  than  honey,  and  of  a  sweet  taste,  which 
flows  from  the  trunk  of  a  tree  in  Syria.  It  is 
acrid  and  purgative ;  and  sometimes  occasions 
serious  symptoms,  according  to  that  author. — 
Gorrseus. 

EL^OM'ETER,  from  {Kamv,  'oil,'  and  ^inpov, 
'measure.'  A  very  delicate  glass  hydrometer,  for 
testing  the  purity  of  olive  or  almond  oil,  by  de- 
termining their  densities.  The  0  or  zero  of  the 
scAle  is  the  point  at  which  the  instrument  floats 
in  the  oil  of  poppy  seeds.  In  pure  olive  oil,  it 
floats  at  6{)°,  and  the  spae-e  between  these  points 
is  divided  into  50  equal  parts,  and  numbered  ac- 
cordingly. It  floats  at  38°  or  38J°  in  pure  oil  of 
almonds. 

EL^ON,  Oil. 

EL^OPH'ANES,  from  tkaiov,  'oil,'  and  <^atvo- 
jxai,  'I  appear.'  That  which  has  the  appearance 
of  oil ;  as  Uri'na  elaopli' anes. 


EL^O-SACCHARUM 


325 


ELECTUAKIUM 


EL^EO-SAC'CHARUM,  from  sXaiov,  'oil,'  and 
aoK^ap,  'sugar.'  O'leo-Sac'charum,  Bal'samo- 
Sac'cJiariim,  (F.)  Oleosaccharole.  A  medicine, 
composed  of  essential  oil  and  sugar.  It  was  made 
by  pouring  upon  an  ounce  of  sugar,  reduced  to 
an  impalpable  powder,  ^ss  or  3J  of  i"  essential 
oil;  the  mixture  being  triturated  until  the  two 
substances  were  perfectly  united. — Rolfink. 

ELAIN,  see  Fat. 

ELAIS  GUINEENSIS,  see  Cocos  butyracea— 
e.  Occidentalis,  see  Cocos  butyracea, 

ELAN,  Cervus  alces. 

ELANCEMENT,  see  Lancinating. 

ELAPHOBOSCUM,  Pastinaca  sativa. 

ELAPHOM'YCES  GRANULA'TUS,  E.  offici- 
na'lis,  {iXetpag,  'a  stag,'  and  fivKris.  *a  fungus.') 
Lycoperdon  cervi'num,  Cervi  Bole'tns,  Bole'tus 
cervi'nus,  Tuber  cervi'num,  Hart's  Truffles,  Deer 
Balls,  Lucoperdon  nuts.  Nat.  Order,  Fungi. 
Formerly  used  in  the  preparation  of  a  Dalsainus 
aj)02:)lecticus,  and  to  promote  labour  and  the  secre- 
tion of  milk.  Given,  also,  as  an  aphrodisiac. 
Dose,  ^iss,  in  powder. 

ELAPHRIUM  ELEiAIIFERUM,  see  Amyris 
eleraifera — e.  Tomentosum,  Fagara  octandra. 

ELAPSUS,  Luxation. 

ELAS'MA,  from  t\avvu>,  'I  drive  up.'  A  clyster 
pipe. — Linden. 

ELASTES,  Elasticity. 

ELASTWINE,  see  Fibrous. 

ELASTICITY,  Elastic" Has,  El'ater,  Elas'tes, 
El'atec,  Via  elas'tiea,  Tone,  Tonic"iti/,  (F.)  Con- 
tractilite  de  2'issxi,  Contractilite  par  defaut  d'ex- 
tension,  from  tAauvu,  'I  impel,'  tkaartii,  'a  driver.' 
The  property  by  which  certain  bodies  return  to 
their  proper  size  and  shape,  where  these  have 
been  modified  by  pressure  or  otherwise.  It  is 
possessed  by  the  dead  as  well  as  by  the  living 
solid. 

ELATE,  Pinus  picea — e.  Theleia,  Pinus  rubra. 

ELATER,  Elasticity. 

ELATERINE,  see  Momordica  elaterium. 

ELATEPiITIM,  Extractura  elaterii,  Momordica 
elaterium — e.  Cordifolium,  Momordica  elaterium. 

ELATES,  Elasticity. 

ELATIN,  see  Momordica  elaterium. 

ELATINE,  Antirhinum  elatine  —  e.  Cymbala- 
ria,  Antirhinum  linaria — e.  Hastata,  Antirhinum 
elatine. 

ELBOCK,  Elbow. 

ELBOW,  Sax.  elbosa,  from  ell,  and  how ;  the 
bend  of  the  ulna.  Cu'bitus,  Ancon,  Pecht/s,  Ulna, 
Umbo,  (Sc.)  Elbock,  Elbuck,  (F.)  Coude.  This 
word,  abstractedly,  means  the  angle  formed  by 
the  union  of  two  straight  bodies.  It  is  particu- 
larly applied  to  the  articulation  of  the  arm  with 
the  forearm,  and  especially  to  the  projection 
formed  by  the  olecranon  process  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  joint. 

Elbow,  Miners',  see  Miners'  Elbow. 

ELBUCK,  Elbow. 

ELCAJA,  Triehilia  emetica. 

ELCOMA,  Ulcer. 

ELCOPLASTY,  Helcoplasty. 

ELCO'SIS,  Helco'sis,  Elco'ma,  Hclco'ma,  from 
'e'XKog,  'an  ulcer.'  Ulceration  in  general.  An 
ulcer.  A  deep  ulceration  of  the  cornea,  in  con- 
bequence  of  a  blow  or  of  violent  inflammation. — 
Galen,  Pare. 

Sauvages  applies  the  term  to  a  state  of  the 
body,  in  which  there  are  numerous  ulcerations  of 
an  obstinate  character,  complicated  with  caries, 
putresceney,  low  fever,  &o. 

ELCUSTER,  Embryulcus. 

ELDER,  Sambucus  —  e.  Common,  Sambucus 
Canadensis — e.  Dwarf,  Aralia  hispida,  Sambucus 
ebulus  —  e.  Prickly,  Aralia  spinosa  —  e.  Redber- 
ried,  Sambucus  pubens. 


ELECAMPANE,  Inula  helenium 
ELECTRICITAS,    Electricity  —  e.    Aniuialis, 
Galvanism — e.  Galvanica,  Galvanism — e.  Metal- 
lica.  Galvanism. 

ELECTRICITY,  Electric" itas,  from  i^XtxTpov, 
'amber,' — the  substance  in  which  it  was  first  no- 
ticed. Electricity  is  used  medicinally  as  an  ex- 
citant. It  has  been  occasionally  employed  with 
success  in  paralysis,  rheumatism,  accidental  deaf- 
ness, amaurosis,  amenorrhoea,  &c.,  but  it  is  un- 
certain, and  not  much  used  ;  and  the  cases  are  not 
alwaj's  clear  in  which  it  could  be  of  service.  It 
maj'  be  communicated  by  means  of  the  electric 
hath  —  Bain  electrique,  as  it  has  been  called; 
which  consists  in  placing  the  patient  upon  an 
insulated  stool,  and  connecting  him  with  the  prime 
conductor,  of  which  he  thus  becomes  a  part.  The 
fluid  may  be  communicated  by  points,  sparks,  or 
by  shocks,  according  to  the  required  intensity. 

Electricity,  Chemical,  Galvanism  —  e.  Con- 
tact, Galvanism  —  e.  Magnetic,  Electro-Magne- 
tism— e.  Voltaic,  Galvanism. 

ELECTRIFY,  from  electric,  and  fo,  '1 
make.'  (F.)  Electriser.  To  produce  the  electri- 
cal condition  in  a  body,  or  to  render  it  suscep- 
tible of  producing  electrical  phenomena.  It  is 
often  used  to  signify  the  act  of  communicating 
the  electric  fluid  to  man. 

ELECTRISER,  to  electrify. 
ELECTRO'DES,  from   r,\tKTpov,   'amber,'  and 
tihoq,  'resemblance.'     An  epithet  for  evacuations, 
which  shine  like  amber. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

ELEC'TRO-LITHOT'RITY.  The  disintegra^ 
tion  of  calculi  in  the  bladder  by  the  mechan- 
ical force  of  the  electrical  discharge,  applied  by 
an  appropriate  apparatus. 

ELECTRO -MAG'NETISM,  Magnet'ic  elcc 
tric"itij.  An  electro-magnetic  apparatus  is  occa- 
sionally used  in  cases  of  paralysis.  A  convenient 
form  consists  of  a  battery  of  six  curved  perma- 
nent magnets,  and  an  intensity  armature,  around 
whose  cylinders  1500  yards  of  fine  insulated  cop- 
per wire  are  coiled.  The  ends  of  the  wire  commu- 
nicate respectively,  with  a  pair  of  directors,  each 
of  which  holds  a  piece  of  sponge,  dipped  in  vine- 
gar or  a  solution  of  common  salt.  When  the 
armature  is  rotated,  and  a  portion  of  the  body  is 
interposed  between  the  directors,  a  succession  of 
shocks  is  received. 

ELECTROPUNC'TURE, £'('ec?ro;3«)!e<«ra'o"o)i, 
Electrostix'is,  Gal'vanopuncture.  The  operation 
of  inserting  two  or  more  wires,  and  then  con- 
necting them  to  the  poles  of  the  galvanic  appa- 
ratus. 

ELECTROSTIXIS,  Electropunctixre. 
ELECTRUM,  Suecinum. 

ELEGTUAIRE,  Electuarium  — e.  Eentifrice, 
Dentifrice — e.  Simple,  Conserva. 

ELECTUA'RIUM,  Electa' rium,  Opia'tum,  (Old 
Eng.)  Allectuary,  an  Electuary,  (F.)  Eleetnaire 
Saccharole  mon,  from  eligere,  electum,  'to  make 
choice.'  A  pharmaceutical  composition  of  a  soft 
consistence,  somewhat  thicker  than  honej',  and 
formed  of  powders,  pulps,  extracts,  syrup,  honey, 
&c.  In  the  London  and  American  Pharma- 
copoeias, electuaries  are  classed  under  Confec- 
tions. 

ELECTUARinjr  de  Aloe,  Opiatum  mesentericum 
— e.  Aperiens,  Confectio  senna; — e.  Aromaticum, 
Confectio  aromatica- — e.  CassiiB,  Confectio  cassise 
—  e.  Cassiffi  fistulse,  Confectio  cassia)  —  e.  Cassias 
sennffi,  Confectio  sennae — e.  Cassias  tamarindatum 
seu  lenitivum,  Confectio  cassise — e.  Catechu,  Con- 
fectio catechu  compositum — e.  Catholicum  com- 
mune, Confectio  sennaj  —  e.  Cinchonse,  Opiatum 
febrifugum  —  e.  de  Croco  emendatum,  Confectio 
hyacinthi  —  e.  Diaprunum,  Confectio  sennas  —  e. 
Eccoproticum,  Confectio  sennae — e.  de  Kina  kina. 


ELECTUARY 


326 


ELEVATOR 


Opiatum  febrifugum  —  e.  Laxativutn,  Confectio 
cassiae — e.  Lenitivum,  Confectio  sennas — e.  Opia- 
tum, Confectio  opii — e.  Piperis,  Confectio  piperis 
—  e.  Scammonii,  Confectio  scammoniaB  —  e.  e 
Scammonio,  Confectio  scammonise  —  e.  Sennse, 
Confectio  sennoe — e.  Sennae  compositum,  Confectio 
sennse — e.  Sennse  cum  pulpis,  Confectio  sennae  — 
c.  Solidum,  Tabella  —  e.  Thebaicum,  Confectio 
opii. 

ELECTUARY,  Electuarinm— e.  Lenitive,  Con- 
fectio sennje. 

ELEENCEPHALE,   from   t^aiov,    'oil,'   and 
tyKe(pa\ov,  'encephalon.'    A  fatty  matter  found  by 
Couerbe  in  the  encephalic  neurine. 
ELELISPHACOS,  Salvia. 

EL'EMENT,  Elemen'tum,  from  ancient  eleo 
for  oleoy  'to  grow'  [?],  Princip'ium,  P.  Primiti'- 
vum,  Stoichei'on.  A  simple,  ultimate  constituent 
or  principle  in  the  human  body,  which  forms  the 
basis  of  a  fibre  or  tissue.  Also,  a  constituent  of 
a  compound  organ.  The  inorganic  elements  are 
simple  principles.  An  oi-ganic  element,  proxi- 
mate principle  or  compound  of  organization,  re- 
sults from  the  union  of  certain  inorganic  ele- 
ments. Oxygen,  hydrogen,  carbon,  and  azote, 
are  inorganic  elements ;  fibrin,  albumen,  osma- 
zome,  &c.,  organic  elements. 

Elements,  Organic,  Principles,  immediate — e. 
Sarcous,  see  Sarcous. 
ELEMENTARY  CELL,  see  Cell. 
ELEMENTUM  ACIDIFICUM,  Oxygen. 
ELEMI,  Amyris  elemifera. 
ELENIUM,  Inula  helenium. 
ELEO'CHARIS    PALUS'TRIS,    Scirpus  pa- 
ins'tria;    indigenous.       Orel.    Cyperaceae.       The 
flowering  tops,  seeds  and  roots  are  astringent,  and 
have  been  used  in  diarrhoea  and  hemorrhage. 
ELEOLES,  Olea  medicinalia. 
ELEOSELINUM,  Apium  petroselinum. 
ELEPHANTI'ASIS,    Elep,hanti'a,     Eleplian- 
tias'mus,   El'ephas,   Laz'ari  morbus  seu    malum, 
Pkeemc"eus  morbus,   Phymato'sis  Elepkanti'asis, 
from   tXtipai,    c\t(pavTo;,    'an    elephant.'     Various 
affections  have  been  described  under  this  name, 
by  adding  an  epithet.     It  is  ordinarily  and  gene- 
tically applied  to  a  condition,  in  which  the  skin 
is  thick,  livid,  rugous,  tubcrculate,  and  insensible 
to  feeling. 

Elephantiasis  of  the  Antilles,  Barba'does 
Leg,  Gland'idar  disease  of  Barbadoes,  (F.)  Jamhes 
de  Barbade,  is  the  Elephantiasis  of  many  writers, 
Bucne'mia.  It  is  characterized  by  the  leg  being 
enormously  tumid  and  misshapen ;  skin  thick- 
ened, livid,  and  rugous,  often  scaly;  scrotum, 
arms,  or  other  parts  sometimes  participating  in 
the  aifection.  The  Bucne'mia  Trop'ica,  Cochin 
leg,  is  an  affection  of  this  kind. 

Elephanti'asis  Arab'ica,  Tyri'asis,  El'eplias, 
Elepkanti'asis,  E.  In'dica,  Elephanti'a  Ar'abum, 
Lepra  Arabum  (of  some),  Jfaladie  glandulaire, 
Ladrerie,  Yava  Skin  of  the  Polynesians  [?].  In 
this  the  tubercles  are  chiefly  on  the  face  and 
joints.  There  is  loss  of  hair,  except  on  the 
scalp;  voice,  hoarse  and  nasal;  and  the  disease 
is  said  to  be  contagious  and  hereditary.  It  most 
frequently  attacks  the  feet;  and  gives  the  lower 
extremity  a  fancied  resemblance  to  the  leg  of  an 
elephant,  whence  its  name.  The  seat  of  the  dis- 
ease seems  to  be  in  the  lymphatic  vessels  and 
glands,  and  in  the  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue: 
the  inflammatory  condition  of  which  is  accom- 
panied with  general  morbid  symptoms.  Medicine 
has  little  or  no  effect  on  this  loathsome  complaint. 
See  Lepra. 

Elephantiasis  of  Catenne,  dfal  range  de 
Cayenne,  seems  to  be  a  variety  of  Lepra,  charac- 
terized by  red  and  yellow  spots,  occupying  the 
forehead,  ears,  hands,  loins,  &c.,  afterwards  ex- 


tending and  becoming  scaly,  with  deformity  of 
the  parts  where  they  are  seated,  particularly  of 
the  face  ;  and  ultimately  producing  cracks,  ulcers, 
caries,  and  sometimes  death. 

Elephantiasis  of  the  Greeks,  E.  Grmco'- 
rum,  is  probably  the  same  disease  as  Lepra. 

Elephantiasis  of  India  is  characterized  by 
red,  livid,  or  yellowish  spots,  slightly  prominent, 
to  which  succeed  indolent  tumours,  formed  in  the 
areolar  texture.  At  a  more  advanced  period  the 
phalanges  swell,  and  become  ulcerated;  the  bones 
of  the  nose  carious,  the  lips  thickened,  and  ema- 
ciation gradually  carries  off  the  patient.  It  like- 
wise belongs  to  lepra. 

Elephantiasis  Italica,  Pellagra. 
Elephantiasis  of  Java  is  likewise  a  variety 
of  lepra,  characterized  by  large  white  tumours 
on  the  toes  and  fingers,  resembling  scrofulous 
tumefactions.  These  tumours  ulcerate,  and  the 
ulcerations  spread  from  the  extremities  towards 
the  trunk,  destroying  even  the  bones.  Amputa- 
tion can  alone  arrest  its  progress.  The  disease 
is  often  accompanied  by  alopecia,  and  by  an 
eruption  of  red  spots. 

ELEPHAN'TINUM  EMPLAS'TRUM,  KAe- 
ipavTivov.  An  ancient  plaster,  composed  of  30 
parts  of  ceruss,  45  of  wax,  oil  Ibss,  water  Ibj. — 
Castelli.  Oribasius  and  Celsus  both  mention  a 
plaster  of  this  name,  but  they  are  by  no  means 
similar  in  composition. 

ELEPHANTOMMA,  Buphthalmia. 
ELEPHAN'TOPUS,  (F.)  Elejihuntope ;  from 
c\t<pai,  'elephant,'  and  novi,  'foot.'     One  affected 
with  elephantiasis. 

ELEPHANTUSIA,  Phytelephas  macrocarpa. 
ELEPHAS,  Elephantiasis,  Ivory. 
ELETTARIA     CARDAMOMUM,     Amomum 
cardamomum. 

ELEUTERIA,  Croton  cascarilla. 
ELEVATEUR,'EAeYViioT—e.  Commun  de  I'aile 
du  nez  et  de  la  levre  superienre,  Levator  labii  su- 
perioris  alasque  nasi — e.  de  I'CEil,  Rectus  superior 
oculi — e.  de  la  Paupiere  sup>&rieure,  Levator  pal- 
pebrae  superioris. 

ELEVATOIRE,  Elevator. 
ELEVA'TIO  U'TERL     Ascent  of  the  uterus. 
This    displacement   occasionally   occurs,   in    the 
unimpregnated  state,  in  connection  with  fibrous 
uterine,  and  enlarged  ovarian  tumours. 

ELEVA'TOR,  levator,  from  elevare,  (e,  and 
levare,)  'to  lift  up.'  (F.)  Elevateur.  A  muscle, 
whose  function  it  is  to  raise  the  part  into  which 
it  is  inserted.     See  Levator. 

Elevator,  Elevato'rium,  Vectis  elevato'rius, 
Elevatoire.  A  name  given  to  different  surgical 
instruments  employed  for  raising  portions  of  bone 
which  have  been  depressed,  for  raising  iind  de- 
taching the  portion  of  bone  separated  by  the 
crown  of  the  trepan,  and  for  removing  stumps 
of  teeth. 

Elevator  Ani,  Levator  ani — e.  Labii  inferio- 
ris,  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  e.  Labii  superioris 
proprius.  Levator  labii  superioris  proprius  —  e. 
Labiorum  communis.  Levator  anguli  oris  —  e. 
Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi — e.  Patientise,  Leva- 
tor scapulsB  —  e.  Scapulae,  Levator  scapula  —  e 
Testieuli,  Cremaster  —  e.  Urethras,  see  Transver- 
sus  perinffii. 

Elevator,  Common.  This  is  a  mere  lever,  the 
end  of  which  is  somewhat  bent  and  made  rough, 
in  order  that  it  may  less  readily  slip  away  from 
the  portion  of  bone  which  is  to  be  raised.  The 
instrument  is  used,  by  forming  a  fulcrum  for  it, 
either  on  the  hand  which  holds  it,  or  upon  the 
fingers  of  the  other  hand;  or  by  making  a  fixed 
point  for  it  on  the  edge  of  the  opening  made  with 
the  trephine. 
Elevator  of  Louis  differed  from  the  last  only 


EL  EVE  EXTERNE 


ELLEBORASTER 


in  the  circumstance  of  the  screw-peg  being  united 
to  the  bridge  by  a  kind  of  pivot  instead  of  binge, 
so  that  greater  extent  of  motion  was  permitted. 

Elevator  of  Petit  consists  of  a  lever  mounted 
on  a  handle,  and  straight  throughout  its  whole 
length,  except  at  its  very  end,  which  is  slightly 
curved,  in  order  that  it  may  be  more  conveni- 
ently put  under  the  portion  of  bone  intended  to 
be  elevated.  The  lever  is  pierced  at  various  dis- 
tances from  its  butt-end  with  several  holes,  in- 
tended for  the  reception  of  a  movable  screw-peg, 
fixed  on  the  top  of  a  kind  of  bridge.  This  part 
of  the  instrument  consists  of  an  arch,  the  ends 
of  which  are  long,  and  covered  with  small  pads, 
and  on  its  centre  is  the  screw-peg  already  men- 
tioned. By  means  of  these  holes  the  arm  of  the 
lever  can  be  lengthened  at  pleasure. 

Elevator,  Trip'loid,  Vectis  triplo'i'des.  This 
was  so  called  from  its  consisting  of  three  branches, 
uniting  above  in  one  common  trunk.  The  latter 
part  was  traversed  by  a  long  screw,  having  below 
a  kind  of  hook,  and  above  a  handle  for  turning 
it.  By  turning  the  screw,  the  hook  was  drawn 
up,  and  the  bone  thus  elevated. 

The  simple  lever  is  the  only  one  now  used, 
owing  to  the  want  of  facility  and  advantages  in 
the  use  of  the  others. 

ELEVE  EXTERNE,  see  House-surgeon  — e. 
Interne,  House-surgeon. 

ELEVUEES  (F.),  Effloreiteentice.  A  generic 
name,  including  all  the  exanthemata,  in  which 
there  is  tumefaction  of  the  tissue  of  the  skin. 
See  Exanthem. 

ELF-LOCK.    A  condition  of  the  hair  in  which 
it  is  matted  and  twisted  into  locks,  as  in  plica. 
Supposed,  in  olden  times,  to  have  been  the  work 
of  elves  or  fairies. 
ELIASTER,  Ilech. 

ELICHRYSUM,  Solidago  virgaurea — e.  Mon- 
tanuni,  Antennaria  dioica. 
ELICOIDES,  Capreolaris. 
ELIGMA,  Eclectos. 
ELIMINAISTTIA,  Eccritica. 
ELIMINATIVES,  Eccritica. 
ELIQUATIO,  Colliquation. 
ELIXA'TIO,  Epse'sis,  from  elixiw,  (e,  and  h'x, 
'water,    liquor,    lye,')    'boiled,'    'sodden.'      This 
v/ord  has  been  used  synonymously  with  Decoc- 
tion.    The  act  of  boiling. 

ELIX'IR,  Isir,  Ixir,  Quellea,  Alex'ir.  The 
etymology  of  this  word  is  not  clear.  Lemery 
derives  it  from  eAku,  'I  extract;'  and  also  from 
aXt^d),  'I  aid.'  Others  believe  it  to  be  from  Ara- 
bic, al-ecsir,  or  al-eksir,  'chymistry.'  An  elixir 
is  a  medicine  composed  of  various  substances 
held  in  solution  in  alcohol.  The  name  has  been 
used,  however,  for  preparations  which  contain 
no  spirit  of  wine. 

Elixir  Ac"iduii  Halleri  seu  Dtppel'ii, 
E.  Antipodal/ riciim  seu  Antinephret' icum  seu 
Sidphu'rieo-ac"idum,  GuttcB  ac"idcB  ton'icas.  Aqua 
Rahe'lii,  Liquor  ae"idu3  Halleri,  Mistu'ra  sul- 
phu'rico-ac"{da,  ^ther  sulphu'ricus  ac"idus, 
Ac"idum  snlphu' ricum  alcoolisa'tiim,  A.  vitriol' - 
icum  vino'sum,  Al'cohol  SnlpJiurica'tum,  A.-  sul- 
phu'ricum,  is  a  mixture  of  concentrated  sulphuric 
acid  and  alcohol  —  in  the  Eau  de  Rahel,  of  one 
part  of  the  former  to  three  of  the  latter.  It  is 
employed  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhages,  &c. 

ELii.iR  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes  composita  —  e. 
Anthelminticum  Succorum,  Tinctura  jalapii  com- 
posita. 

Elixir,  A^^TI-AsT^^fAT'IC,  of  Boerhaate. 
This  elixir  is  composed  of  alcohol,  aniseed,  cam- 
phor, orris,  asarahacca  root,  calaimis  aromaticue, 
liquorice,  and  elecampane.  It  is  given  in  asthma, 
in  the  dose  of  20  or  30  drops. 

Elixir  Antihypochondeiacum,  Tinctura  cin- 


chona amara  —  e.  Antinephreticum,  E.  acidutn 
Halleri — e.  Aperitivum,  Tinctura  aloes  composita. 

Elixir,  Antiscrof'ulous  op  Peyrilhe;  com- 
posed of  weak  alcohol,  suhcarhonate  of  i^tassa, 
and  gentian  root.     It  is  administered  in  scrofula. 

Elixir,  Boerhaave's,  see  Tinctura  aloes  com- 
posita. 

Elixir,  Carminatite,  of  Sylvius,  Tinctura 
carminativa  Sylvii. 

Elixir  Claude'ri,  Glauber's  Elixir.  Made 
by  macerating  for  a  few  days  carbonate  of  po- 
tassa  ^j  ;  aloes,  guaiacnm,  myrrh,  saffron,  rhu- 
barb bruised,  of  each  ^^ij  ;  icater  f,^xviij;  and 
decanting.  Dose,  a  tablespoonful  as  a  laxative 
and  emmenagogue. 

Elixir,  Daffy's,  Tinctura  sennje  comp.  —  e. 
Danorum,  E.  pectorale  regis  Daniae — e.  Foetidum, 
Tinctura  castorei  composita  —  e.  of  Garus,  Tinc- 
tura de  croco  composita  —  e.  Guaiaci  volatilis, 
Tinctura  Guaiaci  ammoniata — e.  Jalapse  compo- 
situm,  Tinctura  jalapii  composita  —  e.  of  Long 
Life,  Tinctura  aloes  composita — e.  de  Longue  vie, 
Tinctura  aloes  composita  —  e.  d'Or  de  31.  le  Ge- 
neral de  la  Jlotte,  Tinctura  seu  Alcohol  sulfurico- 
sethercus  —  e.  Paregoric,  Edinburgh,  Tinctura 
opii  ammoniata — e.  Paregoricum,  Tinctura  cam- 
phorae  composita  —  e.  Pectorale  dulce,  E.  pecto- 
rale regis  Danias. 

Elixir  Pectora'le  Regis  Da'ni^,  E.  Dano'- 
rum  seu  Ringelman'ni  seu  ex  succo  glycyrrhi'zcB 
s^n pectora'le  dul'ce  seu  e  succo  liquirit"icB :  (Suec. 
glycyrrhiz.  p.  1 ;  Aq.  Fcenicid.  p.  2 ;  Alcohol  am- 
moniat.  p.  6.  A  formula  in  many  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeias of  continental  Europe.)  With  the  addi- 
tion of  opium  it  constitutes  the  Elixir  annnoni- 
ato-op>ia'tum,  Extractum  theba'icum  ammoniaca'le 
of  some  Pharmacopoeias. 

Elixir  Proprietatjs,  Tinctura  aloes  compo- 
sita— e.  Purgans,  Tinctura  jalapii  composita — e. 
Radcliffe's,  see  Tinctura  aloes  composita — e.  Rhej 
dulce,  Vinum  rhej  palmati  —  e.  Ringelmanni,  E. 
pectorale  regis  Danias  —  e.  Roborans  Why ttii, 
Tinctura  cinchonae  amara  —  e.  Sacrum,  Tinctura 
rhej  et  aloes  —  e.  Salutis,  Tinctura  sennsfi  comp. 

—  e.  Squire's,  see  Tinctura  camphors  composita 

—  e.  Stomachicum,  Tinctura  gentianae  composita 
— e.  Stomachicum  spirituosum.  Tinctura  cinchonae 
amara  —  e.  Stoughton's,  see  Tinctura  gentianae 
composita — e.  ex  Succo  glj'cyrrhizte,  E.  p-ectorale 
regis  Daniffi — e.  ex  Succo  liquiritijB,  E.  pectorale 
regis  Danorum — e.  Sulphurico-aeidum,  E.  acidura 
Halleri  —  e.  Traumaticum,  Tinctura  Benzoini 
composita. 

Elixir  Vit^  of  Mathi'olus  ;  composed  of 
alcohol  and  22  aromatic  and  stimulating  sub- 
stances.    It  was  formerly  employed  in  epilepsy. 

Elixir  of  Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid,  dilute  —  e. 
Vitrioli,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum  —  e. 
Vitrioli  aeido-aromaticum,  Sulphuricum  acidum 
aromaticum  —  e.  Vitrioli  dulce,  Spiritus  aetheris 
aromaticus,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum  — 
e.  Vitrioli  Edinburgensium,  Sulphuricum  acidum 
aromaticum — e.  Vitrioli  Mynsichti,  Sulphuricum 
acidum  aromaticum — e.  of  Vitriol,  sweet,  Spiritus 
setheris  aromaticus — e.  Vitrioli  cum  tinctura  aro- 
matica,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum — e.  of 
Vitriol,  Vigani's,  Spiritus  aetheris  aromaticus — e. 
Whyttii,  Tinctura  cinchonge  amara. 

ELIXIRIUM  ANTISEPTICUM  DOCTORIS 
CHAUSSIER,  Tinctura  cinchona}  aetherea  com- 
posita. 

ELIXIS,  Eclectos. 

ELIXIVIATION,  Lixiviation. 

ELK,  Cervus  alces — e.  Bark,  Magnolia  macro- 
phylla — e.  Tree,  Andromeda  arborea — e.  Wood, 
Andromeda  arborea,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 

ELKOPLASTY,  Helcoplasty. 

ELLARNE,  Sambucus. 

ELLEBORASTER.  Helleborus  fcetidus. 


ELLEBOUE 


32  8         EMBARRAS  GASTRIQUE 


ELLEBORE,  Dracontium  foetidum. 
ELLEBORISMUS,  Helleborismus. 
ELLEBORUM  ALBUM,  Veratrum  album. 
ELLEBORUS  ALBUS,  Veratrum  — e.  Niger, 
Helleborus  niger. 

ELLEN-TREE,  Sambucus. 
ELLER,  Alnus  glutinosa. 
ELLERMAN'SDEO'DORIZING FLUID.  An 
nntibromic  or  remover  of  odours  —  said  to  be  a 
solution  of  a  persalt  of  iron. 

ELLET,  Sambucus. 

ELLIPTIC,  Oval. 

ELLYCH'NIOTOS,  from  zWvxviov,  'the  wick 
of  a  lamp.'  A  sort  of  tent,  used  by  the  ancient 
surgeons,  so  called  because  it  was  shaped  like  a 
wick,  or  because  it  was  made  of  a  similar  material. 

ELM,  COMMON,  Ulmus— e.  Red,  Ulmus  Ame- 
ricana— e.  Rough-leaved,  Ulmus  Americana — e. 
Slippery,  Ulmus  Americana. 

ELMINTHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

ELNORNE,  Sambucus. 

ELO'DES,  Helo'des,  Paludal,  Marshy,  (F.)  Ma- 
recngenx,  Paludeen,  Pahtstre.  Febris  elo'des  seu 
helo'des  seu  paludo'sa,  Helop'yra,  Helopyr'etos, 
from  'tkns,  'a  marsh,'  and  tiboi,  'resemblance.' 
Marsh  fever.  (F.)  Fievre  intermittente  palu- 
deenne,  F.  paludeenyie  ou  Maremmatique,  because 
it  prevails  in  the  Maremma  district  of  Ital)'. 
Also,  a  kind  of  fever,  characterized  by  great 
moisture  or  sweating. 

ELOME,  Orpiment. 

ELONGA'TION,  Parathro'ma,  Elonga'tio, 
from  elongare,  elongutum,  (e,  and  longus.)  'to 
lengthen,' 'extend.'  An  incomplete  luxation,  in 
which  the  ligaments  of  an  articulation  are  stretched 
and  the  limb  lengthened,  without  total  luxation. 
The  word  has  also  been  used  for  the  extension  re- 
quired in  the  reduction  of  fractures  and  luxations, 
and  for  the  increased  length  of  limb,  (F.)  Allunge- 
ment,  in  diseases  and  dislocations  of  the  hip-joint. 

ELREN,  Sambucus. 

ELTH.  see  Age. 

ELUTRIATIO.  Deeantation,  Elutriation. 

ELUTRIA'TION,  Elntria'tio;  originally  from 
eJuo,  (e,  and  lao,  'I  wash,')  'I  wash  away,  I 
rinse.'  In  pharmacy  a  process  by  which  the 
finer  particles  of  a  powder  are  separated  from  the 
coarser.  It  consists  in  diffusing  the  powder  in 
■water,  allowing  the  larger  and  heavier  particles 
to  subside,  and  then  decanting  the  liquor,  that 
the  finer  particles  may  subside. 

ELU'VIES,  same  etymon.  An  inordinate  dis- 
charge of  any  fluid,  and  also  the  fluid  itself.  In 
the  works  of  some  authors  it  is  particularly  ap- 
plied to  the  mucus  which  flows  from  the  vagina 
in  cases  of  leucorrhcea. 

ELUXATION,  Luxation. 

ELYTRATRESIA,  Colpatresia. 

ELYTREURYNTER,  Speculum  vaginae. 

ELYTRITIS,  Colposis,  Leucorrhcea. 

ELYTROBLENNORRH(EA,  Leucorrhcea  (va- 
ginal). 

EL'YTROCE'LE,  from  cXvrpov,  'a  vagina  or 
sheath,'  and  k;?Ai7,  'a  tumour.'  Vogel  has  given 
this  name  to  vaginal  hernia,  Colpoce'Ie. 

ELYTRODES  (tunica).  Vaginal  coat  of  the 
testicle. 

ELYTRCEDE'MA,  Coleoede'ma,  Colpcede'ma, 
from  tXvTpov.  'a  vagina  or  sheath,'  and  oiirjua, 
'oedema.'     Q5dema  of  the  vagina. 

ELYTROITIS,  Colposis. 

EL'YTRON,  from  tXvw,  'I  involve.'  A  sheath. 
The  vagina.  The  membranes  which  envelope 
the  spinal  marrow  are  called  elytra. 

ELYTRON'CUS,  Ffytrojyhy'ma,  from  tXvrpov, 
'a  vagina  or  sheath,'  and  oyxo;,  'a  tumour.'  A 
swelling  of  the  vagina. 

ELYTROPAP'PUS  RHINOCERO'  TIS.  A 
South  African   bush,  Nat.  Ord.  Compositas,  the 


whole  of  which  is  bitter  and  resinous.  The  tops 
of  the  branches,  infused  in  wine  or  brandy,  make 
excellent  bitters.  The  tops  are  also  given  in 
powder  to  children  affected  with  diarrhoea. 
ELYTROPHYMA.  Elytroncus. 
EL'YTROPLAS'TY,  El'ytroplas'tice ;  from 
cXvrpov,  'the  vagina,'  and  irAao-o-M,  'I  form.'  The 
operation  for  restoration  of  the  vagina. 

ELYTROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginae. 

ELYTRORRHAGIA,  Colporrhagia. 

ELYTROR'RHAPHY,  Elytrorrhaph'ia,  Col- 
por'rhapy,  Kolpor'rhaphy ;  from  sKvt^ov,  'the 
vagina,'  and  pa(pi],  'a  suture.'  The  operation  of 
closing  the  vagina  by  suture  in  cases  of  prociden- 
tia uteri. 

EM  and  EN,  tv,  'in,  into,  within;'  also  'ex- 
cess :'  frequently  used  in  this  last  sense  by  Dr. 
Good.  A  common  prefix,  generally  answering  to 
the  prefixes  im  and  in,  in  English.  In  composi- 
tion, before  j3,  it,  <p,  -ii,  and  /i,  the  v  is  changed 
into  fi;  before  y,  k,  ^,  and  x>  i^ito  Y'>  before  A, 
into  X  ;  and  before  p  generally  into  p. 

EMACIATE,  3Iaces'cere,  Tahes'cere,  (F.) 
Amaigrir  J-  from  emaciare,  emaciatum,  (e,  and 
maceo,  '  to  be  lean,')  '  to  grow  lean.'  To  lose 
flesh,  to  become  lean,  to  waste  away. 

EMACIA'TION,  Emacia'tio,  Extemia'fio,  3fa'- 
ciea,  3facritu'do,  ilacror,  Marco'res,  Skeleti'a, 
Leptysm'us,  Leptyn'sis,  Pingued'inis  diminu'tio, 
(F.)  Atnaigrissemenf,  Eeperissement.  That  con- 
dition of  the  bod}',  or  of  a  part  of  the  body,  iu 
which  it  grows  lean.  The  state  of  one  who  is 
lean — Leanness,  Isch'notes,  (F.)  Ifaigreur. 

EMAIL  DES  DENTS,  Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

EMAJLLOTAGE  (F.),  from  maillot,  'swath- 
ing or  swaddling  clothes.'  The  'wrapping  up'  or 
'packing  up'  in  dry  or  wet  sheets,  which  is  prac- 
tised in  hydropathic  establishments  to  induce 
sweating. 

EMANA'TION,  Emana'tio,  Efflu'vium,  from 
emanare,  emanatum,  (e,  and  manure,)  'to  issue 
or  flow  from.'  The  term  is  applied  to  a  body 
which  proceeds  or  draws  its  origin  from  other 
bodies — such  as  the  light  which  emanates  from 
the  sun  ;  the  miasm  which  arises  from  the  putrid 
decomposition  of  animal  or  vegetable  substances, 
&c.     See  Miasm. 

EMAN'SIO  MEN'SIUM,  from  e,  and  manere, 
mansum,  '  to  stay.'  This  term  has  been  applied 
to  amenorrhcea  or  obstruction  of  the  menses  be- 
fore they  have  been  established.  Some  have 
used  it  for  the  retention  which  occurs  even  after 
they  have  been  established.  The  former  is  the 
general  acceptation. 

EMARGINATIO,  EcJiancrure,  Notch. 

EMARGINATUR.A,  Echancrnre,  Notch. 

EMASCULA'TION,  Emascula'tio,  from  emas- 
eulare,  (e,  and  masculus,  'a  male,')  'to  render 
impotent.'  The  act  of  removing  or  destroying 
the  generative  organs  of  a  male  animal. 

EMASCULATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EMBALM'ING,  from  em,  en,  'in,'  and  halsa- 
mum,  'balsam.'  Bahama' tio,  Smyrnis'mos,  Ce- 
dci'a,  Pollinctu'ra,  Necrocedi'a,  Gonditu'ra  Ca- 
dav'eriini,  (P.)  Emhaumeynent,  Imhalsamation.  An 
operation  which  consists  in  impregnating  th-e 
dead  body  with  substances  capable  of  preventing 
it  from  becoming  putrid,  and  thus  putting  it  in  a 
condition  to  be  preserved. 

EMBAM'MA,  Apoham'ma,  Bamma,  from  i//- 
fia-nTii),  [tjx,  and  (3a-Tui,  'I  dip,')  'I  immerse.*  A 
medicated  pickle  or  sauce. — Gorraeus. 

EMBARRAS,  Emphraxis. 

EMBARRAS  OASTRIQUE (E.),  Gastric  dis- 
order  or  impediment,  Collu'vies  gas'trica,  Sordes 
prima'rum  via'rum,  Status  gas'tricvs,  Gastef 
atax'ia,  (F.)  GastricitS.  Disorder  of  the  stomach, 
in  which  there  is  loss  of  appetite,  with  bitterness 


E3IBARRAS 


329 


EM^TISER 


and  clamminess  of  mouth,  white  and  yellow 
tongue,  feeling  of  oppression  in  the  epigastrium, 
and  sometimes  pain  in  that  region,  nausea  and 
bilious  or  bitter  vomiting;  this  state  being  ac- 
companied with  headach,  lassitude,  and  pain  in 
the  back  and  limbs. 

EM  BAR  R  AS  GASTRO-INTESTINAL,  Gas- 
tro-intes'tinal  disorder.  Slight  gastro-enteritis, 
according  to  the  Broussaists,  in  which  the  symp- 
toms of  the  Embarras  gastrique  and  E.  intestinal 
are  united. 

EMBARRAS  INTESTINAL,  Intes'tinal  dis- 
order. The  principal  characters  assigned  to  this 
are : — tension  of  the  abdomen  colic,  borborygmi, 
discharge  of  flatus  per  anuni,  constipation  or  diar- 
rhoea, &c. 

E2IBARRURE,  Engisoma. 
EMBAUMEMENT,  Embalming. 
EMB0ITE3IENT (¥.).  ' Encasing,'  from  em, 
'in,'  and  hoxte,  'a  box.'  Enadelphi'a,  Endn- 
delj}7ii'a,  Enteradelphi'a.  This  term  has  been 
applied  to  the  theory  of  generation  which  con- 
siders that  the  germs  are  encased  in  each  other 
in  the  ovary  of  the  female,  in  such  sort  that  they 
are  developed  in  succession  after  impregnation. 
It  is  the  theory  of  encasing  of  germs,  or  of  mons- 
trosity hy  inclusion. 

EMBOITURE,  Diarthrosis. 
EM'BOLE,  from  tufiaWoi,  (c/j  and  /3aA>a),)  'I 
put  in   place.'      Reduction    of  a   luxated   bone. 
Repoait"io.     Also,  a  plug,  as  of  a  blood-vessel. 
EMBOLIMOS,  Intercalary. 
EMBOLUM  CEREBRI,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain. 

EMBONPOINT,  (P.)  'In  good  point  or 
plight.'  Bona  cor'poris  habitu'do.  The  state 
of  the  animal  body  when  in  full  health.  Exces- 
sive embonpoint  constitutes  corpulence  and  obe- 
sity, and  mav  become  a  morbid  condition. 

EMBONPOINT  EXC ESSIE,  Polysarcia  adi- 
posa. 

EMBORISMA,  Aneurism. 
EMBOWELLING,  Exenterismus. 
EMBREGMA,  Embrocation. 
EMBROCATIO,  Embrocation,  Irrigation. 
EMBBOCA'TION,    Embroca'tio,     Embrcg'ma, 
Ent'broche,   Imjtla'viinn,  from    SfilSpex'^,   {tin,  and 
(3p£;^u,  '  I  wet,')  '  I  dip  in.'     A  fluid  application 
to  be  rubbed  on  any  part  of  the  body.      It  is 
often  used  synon3'mously  with  liniment.     Origi- 
nally it  was  employed  in  the  sense  of  Fomenta- 
tion. 

EsiBnocATiox,  GuESTONiAN,  See  Oleum  Tere- 
binthiniB  reetificatum. 

EMBROCHE,  Embrocation. 
EM'BRYO,  Em'bryon,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  (ipv(o, 
'I  grow.'  Cye'ma.  The  fecundated  germ,  in  the 
early  stages  of  its  development  in  utero.  At  a 
certain  period  of  its  increase,  the  name/ce?i(s  is 
given  to  it,  but  at  what  period  is  not  determined. 
Generally,  the  embryo  state  is  considered  to  ex- 
tend to  the  period  of  quickening. 

EMBRYOC'TONY,  Foetus  trucida'tio,  from 
cuSfjvov,  '  the  embryo,'  and  ktovos,  '  destruction.' 
The  act  of  destroying  a  foetus  in  utero,  when  in- 
surmountable obstacles  —  as  certain  deformities 
of  the  pelvis — oppose  delivery. 

EMBRYOG'RAPHY,  Embryogra'phia,  from 
eii!3pvov,  'the  embryo,'  and  y^aipr],  'a  description.' 
The  piirt  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  embryo. 
EMBRYOL'OGY,  Embryolog"ia,  from  tpfipxiov, 
'the  embryo,'  and  >oyof,  'a  description.'  The 
doctrine  of  embryonic  description. 

EMBRYON'IC,  Embryon'icus,  (F.)  Embryo- 
nique,  Embryonnaire ;  same  etymon  as  embryo. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  an  embryo:  —  as 
'  embryonic  life.' 

EMBRYONIQJJE,  Embryonic. 


EMBRYONNAIRE,  Embryonic. 
EMBRYOTHLAS'TA,  Embryothlas'tes,  Em- 
bryothlas'tum,  (F.)  Embryotome,  from  epjipvov, 
'the  embryo,'  and  SXaw,  'I  break.'  An  instru. 
ment  for  dividing  the  foetus  piecemeal,  in  ordei 
to  effect  delivery.  A  crotchet  or  other  instru- 
ment,  used,  in  certain  cases  of  laborious  parturi- 
tion, to  break  the  bones  of  the  foetus,  for  the 
purpose  of  extracting  them  with  greater  facility. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

EMBRYOTOCIA,  Abortion. 

E3IBRY0T0ME,  Embryothlasta, 

EMBRYOT'OMY,  Embryotom'ia,  from  cptjipvov, 
'an  embryo,'  and  re^vetv,  'to  cut.'  A  division  of 
the  fojtus  into  fragments,  to  extract  it  by  piece- 
meal, when  the  narrowness  of  the  pelvis  or  other 
faulty  conformation  opposes  delivery. 

ExMBRYOT'ROPHY,  Embryotroph'ia,  from 
epBpvov,  'the  embryo,'  and  rpo<pri,  'nourishment.' 
Foetal  nutrition  ;    Cyot'rophy. 

EMBRYUL'CIA,  Embryusfend'cia,  from  cp- 
Ppvoi,  'embryo,  foetus,'  and  cXkw,  'I  extract,'  'I 
draw.'  A  surgical  operation,  by  which  the  foetus 
is  extracted  by  means  of  appropriate  instruments, 
when  faulty  conformation  or  other  circumstanees 
prevent  delivery  by  the  natural  efforts. 

EMBRYUL'CUS,  Elcus'ter,  same  etymon.  An 
iron  hook  or  crotchet,  described  by  Fabricius  ab 
Aquapendente,  which  was  used  to  extract  the 
foetus  in  some  cases  of  laborious  labour. 

EMBRYUSTERULCIA,  Embryulcia. 

EMEND ANS,  Corrigent. 

EMERAUDE,  Smaragdus. 

EMERODS,  HfEmorrhois. 

EMESIA,  Vomiturition. 

EMESIS,  Vomiting. 

EMETATROPH'IA,  from  tpti^,  'I  vomit,'  and 
aTpo<pia,  'want  of  nourishment.'  Atrophy  induced 
by  vomiting. 

EMETIA,  Emetine. 

EMET'IC,  Emet'icv.m,  Vomito'rium,  Vom'itory, 
Vomit,  Puke,  (Prov.)  Pick,  from  cpitu),  'I  vomit.' 
A  substance  capable  of  producing  vomiting.  (F.) 
Emetique.  [This  term  is  also  restricted  by  the 
French  to  tartarized  antimony  —  the  emetic,  as  it 
were,  par  excellence.^      Vomitif. 

Tartarized  antimony,  emetine,  ipecacuanha, 
and  sulphate  of  zinc,  are  the  chief  emetics. 
They  are  valuable  agents  in  disease,  and  may 
either  a.ai  primarily  on  the  stomach,  or  seconda- 
rily on  other  parts  of  the  system, — the  sym- 
pathy between  the  stomach  and  other  parts  of 
the  body  being  very  extensive,  and  an  impor- 
tant object  of  study. 

The  following  are  the  usual  emetics:  —  Anti- 
monii  et  Potass^  Tartras  ;  CupriAcetas;  Cupri 
Sulphas;  Emetina;  Gillenia;  Hydrargyri  Sul- 
phas Flavus;  Ipecacuanha;  Lobelia;  Sanguina- 
ria;  Soilla:  Sinapis,  and  Zinci  Sulphas. 

Emetic  Root,  Euphorbia  corollata — e.  Tartar, 
Antimonium  tartarizatum  —  e.  Weed,  Lobelia 
inflata. 

EMETICOLOGIA,  Emetology. 

EM'ETIXE,  Emeti'na,Emet'ia,  Vom'itine,  Ce- 
phaelinum.  A  vegetable  alkali,  discovered  by 
M.  Pelletier  in  ipecacuanha,  and  to  which  it  owes 
its  emetic  power.  It  is  obtained  from  different 
ipecacuanhas,  but  chiefly  from  psychot'ria  einet'- 
ica,  eallicoc'ca  ipecacuan'ha,  and  vi'ola  emet'ica. 
It  is  in  transparent  scales,  of  a  reddish-brown 
colour,  almost  inodorous,  of  a  bitter,  slightly 
acrid  taste  ;  is  unchangeable  in  the  air,  soluble  in 
water  and  alcohol,  and  insoluble  in  ether.  Three 
grains  of  impure  emetia  or  one  grain  of  pure  are 
equal  to^lS  of  ipecacuanha.     See  Ipecacuanha. 

EMETIQUE,  Antimonium  tartarizatum, 
Emetic. 

EMETISER   (F.).      To    cause   vomiting    by 


EMETO-CATHARSIS 


330 


EMPHYMA 


emetics.  In  French  pharmacy,  it  is,  likewise, 
used  to  signify  the  addition  of  emetine  —  tartrate 
of  antimony  and  potassa  —  to  a  medicinal  pre- 
paration. 

EMETO-CATHARSIS,  see  Emeto-cathartic. 

EM'ETO-CATHAR'TIC,  Eni'eto-cathar'ticus, 
from  tjitrog,  'vomiting,'  and  xa^apriKoi,  'a  purga- 
tive.' A  remedy,  which  at  the  same  time  excites 
vomiting  and  purging — Em' eto-cathar'sis. 

EMETOL'OG-Y,  Emetolog"ia,  Emeticolog"ia, 
from  £//£rof,  'vomiting,'  and  Xoyo?,  'a,  discourse.' 
A  treatise  on  vomiting,  and  on  emetics. 

EM'INE:^CE,  Eminen'tia,  Protuberan'tia,  Ex'- 
Qche,  Exanthe'ma.  A  projection  at  the  surface 
of  a  healthy  or  diseased  organ. 

EMINENCE  PORTE  ANTERIEURE,  Lo- 
bulus  anonymus  —  e.  Porte  posten'eure,  Lohulus 
Spigelii — e.  Sus-pubieniie,  Mons  veneris. 

Eminences  bigeminees,  Quadrigemi- 

Da  corpora  —  e.  Laterales,  Corpora  olivaria — e- 
Pyramidales,  Corpora  pyramidalia  —  e.  Vermi- 
formes  dii  cervelet,  Vermiformes  processus. 

EMINENTIA,  Protuberantia — e.  Annularis, 
Pons  varolii — e.  Pyramidalis,  Crista  vestibuli — e. 
Thyreoidea,PomumAdami — e.  Tympani,Pyramid. 
EMINEXTI^  BIGEMIN^E,  Quadrigemina 
tubercula — e.  Candicantes,  Mammillary  Tubercles 
—  e.  Lenticulares,  Corpora  striata — e.  Magnse 
cerebri,  Thalami  nervorum  opticorum  —  e.  Medi- 
anas  Internse,  Corpora  pyramidalia — e.  Olivares, 
Corpora  olivaria— e.  0  vales  Laterales,  Corpora  oli- 
varia— e.  Pyramidales,  Corpora  pyramidalia — e. 
Quadrigeminaj,  Quadrigemina  tubercula — e.  Te- 
retes.  Processus  teretes. 

EMISSAIRE,  Emunctory, 
EMISSA'RIA  SANTORI'NI,  (F.)  Emissaires 
de  Santorini.  A  name  given  to  some  small  veins, 
which  communicate  with  the  sinuses  of  the  dura 
mater,  by  apertures  in  the  cranium.  Such  are  the 
parietal,  posterior  condyloid,  mastoid  veins,  &«. 

EMISSIO,  Emission  —  e.  Seminis,  Sperma- 
tismus. 

EMIS'SIOX,  Emis'sio,  from  emittere,  (e,  and 
mittere,  inisnum,)  'to  send  out,'  'drive  out.'  The 
act  by  which  any  matter  whatever  is  thrown  from 
the  body.  Thus,  we  say  Emission  of  urine,  Emis- 
sion of  semen,  &c. 

EMISSION  SANGUINE,  Bloodletting. 
EMMEN'AGOGUES,  Emmenago'ya,  Emmeni- 
ago'ga,  Ame'nia,  from  e^uivn,  'the  menses,'  and 
ayd),  'I  drive.'  or  'expel.'  Men'ngogues.  A  name 
given  to  medicines  believed  to  have  the  power  of 
favouring  the  discharge  of  the  menses.  There 
is  probably  no  sui:)stance  which  possesses  this 
power  directly.  According  to  different  condi- 
tions of  the  system,  the  most  opposite  reme- 
dies may  act  as  emmenagogues.  Black  helle- 
bore, savin,  madder,  'polygala  senega,  and  ergot, 
are  reputed  to  be  specific  emmenagogues.  The 
following  list  comprises  the  chief  of  them:  — 
Cunila  Pulegioi'des;  Helleborus  Niger;  Mentha 
Pulegium;  Rosmarinus;  Rubia;  Sabina;  Secale 
Cornutum  :  Senega,  and  Tanacetum. 

EMMENAGOLOG"IA,  from  cftiinvaymya,  and 
'Xoya;,  'discourse.'     A  treatise  of  emmenagogues. 
EMMENIA,  Menses. 
EMMENIAGOGA,  Emmenagogues. 
EMMENOLOG"IA,from  qi/jriva,  '  menses,'  and 
Xoyof,  'a  discourse.'     A  treatise  on  menstruation. 
EMMENOLOG"ICAL,  Emmenolog"icus:  same 
etymon  as  the  last.     Relating  or  appertaining  to 
menstruation. 

EMMYXIUM  ARTICULARE,  Hydrarthus. 

EMOLLIEXTIA,  Emollients. 

EMOL'LIENTS,     EmoUien'tia,     Malthac'tica, 

Helaxam'tia,     Epiceras'tica,     Malae'tica,    Lubri- 

can'tia,   flfalacopo?' a,  Slollien'tia,  from   emoUire, 

'e,  and  mollire,  'to  soften.')     Substances  which 


relax  and  soften  parts  that  are  inflamed,  or  too 
tense.  They  are  used  both  internally  and  exter- 
nally :  as  the  former,  however,  consist  of  muci- 
laginous substances,  they  are  generally  reckoned 
as  demulcents  :  the  latter,  or  proper  emollients, 
consist  of  oils,  cataplasms,  fomentations,  Ac. 
Oleaginous  bodies,  rubbed  on  a  part,  act  by  di- 
minishing its  cohesion.  Fomentations,  in  cases 
of  internal  inflammation,  act  probably  through 
contiguous  sympathy.  The  following  are  the 
chief  emollients:  —  Adeps  ;  Amygdalae  Oleum; 
Avense  Farina;  Cera:  Cetaceum  ;  Linum  ;  Olivse 
Oleum;  Sesamum;  Tritici  Farina,  and  Ulmus. 

EMOLLITIES,  Mollities— e.  Morbosa,  Molli- 
fies— e.  Ossium,  Mollities  ossium — e.  Uteri  Mor- 
bosa, Hysteromalacia. 

EMOLLITIO,  Mollities— e.  Ventriculi,  Gastro- 
malacia. 

EMONCTOIRE,  Emunctory. 
EMOPTOE.  Hemoptysis. 
EMOTIO,  Delirium,  Luxation,  Passion. 
EMO'TIONAL,  from   smotio,   (e,    'from,'  and 
moveo,  motum,' to  move.')     Relating  to  emotion 
or  passion  independently  of  the  will: — hence  an 
'emotional  or  instinctive  impulse.' 
EMPASMA,  Cataplasma. 

EMPATEMENT,  from  empdter,  'to  render 
pasty  or  doughy,'  A  non-inflammatory  engorge- 
ment, which  retains,  more  or  less,  the  impression 
of  the  finger. 

EMPATHE'MA,   Ma'jiia    a  pathe'mate,    (F.) 
Manie  sans  deli  re  ;  ungovernable  passion  ;  from 
e/i,  'in,'  and  TzaSog,  'suffering.'     Fixed  delusion. 
EMPEIRIA,  Experience. 
EMPETRUM.  Herniaria  glabra. 
EM'PHLYSIS,  from  en,  'in,'  and  ^Xvais,  'a 
vesicular  tumour  or  eruption ;'  IcJi'orous  Exan'- 
thein.     An    eruption  of  vesicular   pimples,  filled 
progressively   with   an    acrid  and  colourless,  or 
nearly  colourless,  fluid;  terminating  in  scurf  or 
laminated  scabs.     A  genus  in  the  order  Exanthe- 
rnatiea,  class  Hasmatiea  of  Good. 

EirPHLYSis  Aphtha,  Aphthae,  Stomatitis,  aph- 
thous—  e.  Erysipelas,  Erysipelas  —  e.    Miliaria, 
Miliary    fever  —  e.  Pemphigus,    Pemphigus  —  e. 
Vaccina  inserta.  Vaccina — e.  Varicella,  Varicella. 
EMPHR ACTIO,  Emphracticus. 
EMPHRACTICA,  Physconia. 
EMPHRACTICUS,  Emphrac'tic,  from  cfidpar- 
TM,  (ill,  and  (ppaTTui,  '1  shut  up,')    'I  close,'  'I 
obstruct.'     Eniplas'ticus,    Eynplattom'enos.     Any 
substance  which,  when  applied  to  the  skin,  was 
presumed  to  close  the  pores. 

EMPHRAG'MA,  same  etymon.  Obturamen'- 
ium,  Impedimen'tum.  Anything  that  obstructs. 
Hippocrates  uses  this  term  to  designate  the  ob- 
stacle to  delivery  on  the  part  of  the  foetus,  when 
the  presentation  is  preternatural. 

Emphragma  Lacrtmale,  Fistula  laeryma- 
lis — e.  Salivare,  Ranula. 

EMPHRAX'IS,  Obstruc'tio,  Obtura'tio,  Oj^pi- 
la'tio,  Infarc'tus,  Infarc'tio,  Farctus,  Partus,  In- 
farc'tion.  Same  etymon.  '  Obstruction.'  An 
Embarras  or  repletion  of  canals  or  cavities  by 
any  substance,  which  is  either  morbid  from  quan- 
tity or  quality. 

Emphraxis  Hepatis,  Hepatemphraxis. 
EMPHYMA,  Tumour  —  e.  Encystis,  Encystia 
—  e.  Encystis  atheroma.  Atheroma  —  e.  Encystis 
ganglion.  Ganglion,  Testudo  —  e.  Encystis  meli- 
ceris,  Melieeris  —  e.  Encystis  steatoma,  Steatoma 
— e.  Exostosis  ossea.  Exostosis — e.  Exostosis  pe- 
riostea. Node — e.  Sarcoma,  Sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma 
adiposum.  Adipose  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma  cellulo- 
sum.  Cystic  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  mammarum, 
Mammary  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma  pancreaticum, 
Pancreatic  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  scirrhosum. 
Scirrhous   sarcoma  —  e.    Sarcoma  tuberculosum. 


EMPHYSEMA 


331 


EMPLASTRUM 


Tuberculate   sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  vasculosum, 
Sarcomn,  vascular. 

EMPHYSE'MA,  from  cfi<(ivcau>,  (cv,  and  (pvaaui, 
'I  blow/)  'I  inflate.'  Injia'tio,  Empneumato'ais, 
Sarci'tes  flatuo'siis,  Emphyse'ma  ceUula're  seu 
pneumato'sis,  Physon'eus,  Tumor  Jlutulen'tus, 
Pneumato'sis,  Infla'tion,  Wind-dropsy,  (F.)  Em- 
2)%yslme,  Aerethymie. — Piorry.  This  term  is  com- 
monly applied  to  any  white,  crepitant,  shining, 
elastic,  indolent  tumour  of  the  integuments, 
caused  by  the  introduction  of  air  into  the  areolar 
texture,  Aerodermecta'sia.  Injuries  of  the  larynx, 
trachea,  or  lungs  ;  fractures  of  the  ribs,  or  wounds 
penetrating  the  chest,  are  the  most  frequent 
causes  of  this  affection,  which  is  owing  to  the  air 
escaping  from  the  air-passages,  and  insinuating 
itself  into  the  areolar  texture  surrounding  the 
wound.  There  are  some  cases  of  emphysema, 
■which  are  owing  to  internal  causes;  and  hence  a 
division  has  been  made  into  the  accidental  and 
symptomatic,  and  the  spontaneous  and  idiopathic. 
Emphysema  Abdominis,  Tympanites. 
Emphyse'ma  of  the  Lungs,  E.  Pulmo'nvm, 
Asthma  aereum  ah  Emphyse'rnate  Pulmu'num, 
Pneumato'sis  Pulmo'num,  Pneumonec'tasis,  Pneu- 
mec'tasis,  (F.)  Pneumoectasie,  Empihyseme  du 
Poumon.  A  considerable  pressure  or  contusion 
of  the  chest,  or  any  violent  concussion  of  the 
lung,  may  produce  a  laceration  in  that  viscus, 
without  injury  being  done  to  the  parietes  of  the 
thorax,  and  may  give  place  to  the  infiltration  of 
air  into  the  areolar  texture,  interloh'ular  empjhy- 
sema.  Laennec  has  described  another  species  of 
emphysema  of  the  lungs,  Vesic'ular  entphysema, 
Aeropnenmonasie,  Aeropneumonectasie  of  Piorry, 
consisting  in  excessive  dilatation  of  the  air-cells, 
some  of  which  become  as  large  as  hemp-seed,  ul- 
timately break,  and  give  rise  to  irregular  vesicles 
at  the  surface  of  the  lung,  some  of  which  are  as 
large  as  a  hazel-nut.  Physical  sirjns.  The  tho- 
rax externally,  generally  or  locally,  appears  un- 
naturally convex  and  prominent.  The  intercos- 
tal spaces  are  widened,  but  depressed.  The 
inspiratory  efforts  are  increased.  The  sound  on 
percussion  is  morbidly  clear,  but  not  tympanitic. 
On  auscultation,  the  inspiratory  murmur  is  feeble 
or  suppressed.  The  expiration,  which  is  more 
frequently  audible,  is  prolonged,  laborious  and 
wheezing.  There  are  no  certain  physical  signs 
which  can  distinguish  interlohidar  ernp)}iysema 
from  the  vesicular. 

Emphysema  under  the  pleuro-pulmonalis  is 
termed,  by  Piorry,  Aerethmopjnenmonie. 

Emphysema  Pectoris,  Pneumothorax  —  e. 
Scroti,  Physocele — e.  Tympanites,  Tympanites — 
e.  Uteri,  Hysterophysis,  Physometra. 

EMPHYSEM'ATOUS,  Emphysemato'sus;  same 
etymon.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  emphysema. 
EMPHYSEME,  Emphysema— e.  du  Poumon, 
Emph3''sema  of  the  lungs. 

EMPHYTUM  THEEMUM,  Biolychnium. 
EMP'IRIC,  Empi'ricus,  from  zfrnupia,  (tv,  and 
xcipa,  'a  trial,')  'experience.'  One  who  follows 
only  experience.  A  sect  of  physicians,  who  re- 
jected all  theory,  and  took  for  their  guide  expe- 
rience alone.  It  was  opposed  to  the  dogmatic 
sect.  The  Empiric  sect  prevailed  till  near  the 
time  of  Galen.  Among  its  most  eminent  mem- 
bers, after  Philinus  and  Serapion,  were  Apollo- 
nius,  Glaucias,  Bacchius  of  Tanagra,  and  Zeuxis, 
both  disciples  of  Herophilus, — Heraclides  of  Ta- 
rentum,  Cleophantus,  master  of  Asclepiades,  Me- 
nodotus  of  Nicomedia,  and  Theudas  of  Laodicea. 
They  occupied  themselves,  chiefly,  with  discover- 
ing the  properties  of  drugs,  and  did  important 
service,  in  this  manner,  to  medicine. 

At  the  present  day,  the  word  Empiric  is  only 
taken  in  a  bad  sense,  being  employed  in  nearly 
the  same  signification  as  charlatan  or  quack. 


EMPIRICE,  Empiricism. 

EMPIP/ICISM  ;  same  etymon.  Empi'rica  Ars, 
Empi'rice,  (F.)  Empirisme.  Medicine  founded 
on  experience.  It  generally,  at  the  present  day, 
signifies  quackery. 

E3IPIRISME,  Empiricism. 
EMPLAS'TICUS.     Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Also,  a  remedy  which  adh-eres,  as  a  plaster,  to  the 
surface,  and   in    this   manner  may  obstruct  the 
pores :  an  emphractic. 

EMPLASTRO-ENDERMIC,  Endermic. 
EMPLAS'TRUM,  from  the  Greek  tpLT:\a<sau>, 
{tv,  and  Tv'XacBc.iv,  'to  form,')  'I  spread  upon,' 
(F.)  Emplatre,  Stearate.  A  solid  and  tenacious 
compound,  adhesive  at  the  ordinary  heat  of  the 
human  body.  Some  of  the  plasters  owe  their 
consistence  to  wax  and  resin;  and  others  to  the 
chemical  union  which  takes  place  between  the 
semivitreous  oxide  of  lead  and  oil.  Most  of 
them  become  too  consistent  by  age.  When  such 
is  the  case,  they  may  be  remelted  by  a  gentle 
heat,  and  oil  be  added  to  them. 

Emplastrum  Adh^sivum,  Emplastrum  resinse 
—  e.  Adha;sivum  Woodstockii,  see  Sparadrapum 
Adhsesivum  —  e.  Alexandri,  Alexandrine  —  e.  de 
Althffia,  Unguentum  de  Althaea. 

Emplastrum  Ammoni'aci,  Ammoni'acum  Plas- 
ter, [Ammoniac,  pur.  §v,  acidi  acetici  dil.  Oss. 
Dissolve  the  ammoniac  in  the  vinegar  and  strain  : 
then  evaporate  the  solution  by  means  of  a  water- 
bath,  stirring  constantly  until  it  acquires  a  proper 
consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  used  as  a  discu- 
tient  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Ammoni'aci  cum  Hydrar'gyro, 
Ammoniacum  plaster  with  mercury  (Ammoniaci 
Ibj,  hydrarg.  ^iij,  olei  oliv.  fgj,  sulphur,  gr.  viij. 
Rub  the  mercury  with  the  oil  until  the  globules 
disappear,  then  add  the  ammoniac,  previously 
melted,  and  mix.     Ph.  U.  S. 

Emplastrum  Andrew  de  Cruce,  E.  de  pice  et 
resinis  glutinans — e.  Anglicum,  see  Sparadrapum 
adheesivum. 

Emplastrum  Aromat'icum,  Aromat'ic  Plaster. 
(Thuris  ^uj,  cera  flavcB  ^ ss,  pulv.  eort.  cinnarti. 
^^vj,  ol.  ess.  Piment.,  ol.  ess.  Limon.  aa  ^ij.  Melt 
the  frankincense  and  wax  together,  and  strain; 
then  add,  as  it  cools,  the  cinnamon,  previously 
rubbed  with  the  oils,  and  form  a  plaster.  Ph. 
Dubl.)     Used  as  a  stimulating  plaster. 

A  spice  plaster,  made  by  incorporating  pow- 
dered cinnamon  and  any  other  spices  with  melted 
suet,  has  been  used  in  cholera  infantum.  It  is 
spread  on  leather  or  linen,  and  is  renewed  twice 
in  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Emplastrum  Assafce'tid^,  E.  antihyster'icum, 
Assafoetida  jilaster,  (Emp.  plumb.,  Assnfcet.,  sing. 
Ibj,  Oallan.,  Cera  flava,  aa  Ibss,  Alcohol,  dilut. 
Oiij.  Dissolve  the  assafcetida  and  galbanum  in 
the  alcohol,  in  a  water-bath,  strain  while  hot,  and 
evaporate  to  the  consistence  of  honey;  add  the 
lead  plaster  and  wax  previously  melted  together, 
stir  the  mixture  well,  and  evaporate  to  the  proper 
consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  an  antispas- 
modic and  anodyne  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Attrahens,  E.  cerae — e.  Auricu- 
lare,  Hypotium. 

Emplastrum  Belladpn'NjE,  Plaster  of  Bella- 
don' na.  [Empl.  resin,  giij,  Ext.  Belladon.  5iss. 
Add  the  extract  to  the  plaster,  previously  melted 
in  a  water-bath,  and  mix. — Ph.  U.  S.)  An  ano- 
dyne application  in  neuralgia  and  rheumatism. 

Emplastrum  Calefa'ciens,  E.  Picis  cum  can- 
thar'ide,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Calefa'cient  plaster.  Warm 
plaster,  (F.)  Emplatre  echaiiffant.  (Cerat.  can- 
tharid  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Ibss,  Picis  ahiet.  ftiijss.  Melt 
together,  and  form  into  a  plaster.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  rubefacient  and  stimulant. 

Emplastrum  Canthabidis,  E.  lyttae  —  e.  Can- 


EMPLASTRUM 


332 


EMPLASTRUM 


ttaridis  vesicatorii  compositura,  E.  lyttaa  comp. 
— e.  Cephalicum,  E.  picis  comp. 

EilPLASTRUM  Cerae,  E.  simplex,  E.  At'trahens, 
Wax  plaster.  {CercB  flavm,  Sevi  Prcep.  aa  Ibiij, 
resincB  flavm  ibj.  Melt  theui  together  and  strain. 
Ph.  L.)  It  has  been  considered  drawing.  It  is 
stimulating. 

EifPLASTRUM  Cicu'TjE,  E.  de  Cicu'td  seu  cnni'i 
macula'ti,  Ungnen'tum  snl'idum  de  cicu'td.  Hem- 
lock plaster,  (F.)  Empldtre  de  Ctgue.  (Resinw 
abiet.  960  p.  Cerce  flar,  640  p.  Picis  albce,  448  p. 
01.  cicutce  per  decoct,  praparat.  128  p.  Fol  cicnt. 
recent.  2000  p.  Melt  the  resins,  wax  and  oil; 
add  the  eieuta  leaves,  and  boil;  strain  and  add, 
after  having  dissolved  it  in  vinegar  of  squills  and 
cicuta  juice,  (lum  ammoniac.  500  p.  Ph.  Par.) 
it  is  used  as  a  discutient,  especially  to  scirrhous 
tumours. 

EMPLASTRUM  CiTBiNuir,  Unguentum  de  althaea 
— e.  Commune,  E.  Plumbi — e.  Commune  cum  re- 
sina,  E.  resinaj — e.  Conii,  E.  cicutas. 

EmplaSTRUM  Cumi'ni,  Cammin  plaster.  [Cumin, 
semin.,  carui  sent.,  lauri  hacc.  sing.  g^'J'  i^'c* 
aridcs  K)iij,  cercB  flavcB  ,^iij.  Melt  the  pitch  and 
wax  together,  then  add  the  other  ingredients. 
Ph.  L.)     It  is  used  as  a  warm  discutient  plaster. 

EMPLASTRUM  Diachylon,  Diachylon,  E.  plumbi 
— e.  Divinum  Nicolai,  see  Magnet — e.  Emolliens, 
Unguentum  de  althaea — e.  Epispasticum,  E.  lyttee. 

EmplaSTRUM  Ferri,  E.  roh'orans,  Iron  Plaster, 
Strength' ening  Plaster.  [Ferri  suhcarh.  §iij,  Emp. 
jjlumhi,  ibij,  Picis  ahietis,  Ibss.  Add  the  sub- 
earbonate  of  iron  to  the  lead  plaster  and  Bur- 
gundy pitch  previously  melted  together,  and  stir 
constantly  until  they  thicken  upon  cooling. — Ph. 
U.  S.) 

Emplastrum  Ferri  Rubri,  E.  oxidi  ferri  mbri 
— 0.  Flavum,  Unguentum  de  altheea — e.  ad  Fon- 
ticulos,  Ceratum  Galeni. 

Emplastrum  Gal'baxi,  Galb'anum,  plaster, 
(Empf.  Utharg.  Ibij,  gum.  galban.  Ibss,  certs  flnva: 
^iv.  Melt  the  galbanum  before  adding  the  plas- 
ter and  wax,  then  melt  all  together.  Ph.  D.)  A 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

Emplastrum  Gal'bani  CoMPOs'iTOir.  E.  li- 
thar'gyri  eompos'itum,  Diach'ylon  magnum  cvm 
gnmmi,  Comjyojaid galbanum  pilaster.  (Galb.^vWj, 
Emp.  plumbi,  Ibiij,  tereb.  vulg.  ^s,  abietis  resin. 
contus.  §iij.  Melt  the  galbanum  and  turpentine 
together,  then  mix  in  the  resin,  and  afterwards 
the  plaster,  previously  melted.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

Emplastrum  Glutinosum,  see  Sparadrapum 
adhEesivum — e.  cum  Gummatibus,  E.  gummosum. 

Emplastrum  Gummo'sum,  Emplastrum  lithar'- 
gyri  cum  gummi  seu  cum.  gummat'ibus  seu  e  gum- 
mai'ibns  resino'sis  seu  Ox'ydi  Plumbi  semivit'rei 
gummo'sum,  Gum.  p>laster.  Diachylon  cum  gummi. 
Yellow  or  gum  diach'ylon.  [Emp.  plumbi  p.  viii, 
ammoniac,  galbani,  cerm  flarcB,  aa,  p.  i.  Ph.  E.) 
Properties  and  uses  like  the  last. 

Emplastrum  e  Gummatibus  Rbsinosis,  E. 
gummosum. 

Emplastrum  cum  Gummi-Resi'nis,  (F.)  Em- 
pldtre de  gomme  resine.  Diachylon  gomme,  Plas- 
ter of  gum  resins.  [Emplastr.  simpl.  p.  1600, 
cerm  flavm,  p.  96,  picis  albcB,  p.  96,  terebinth,  p. 
96.  Melt  by  a  gentle  heat,  and  add  gu7n  ammo- 
niac, p.  32,  bdellium,  32,  galban.  32,  and  sagap)e- 
num,  p.  32.  Dissolve  in  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
alcohol,  evaporate  to  the  consistence  of  honey, 
and  mix  carefully  all  together.  Ph.  P.)  A  dis- 
cutient. 

Emplastrum  Hydrar'gyri,  Emplastr.  lithar'. 
gyri  cum  hydrar'gyro,  Ifercu.'.rial  plaster.  [Hy- 
drarg.  ^^vj,  ol.  oliv.,  resin,  aa  ^ij,  emplast.  plumbi, 
Yb).  Melt  the  oil  and  resin  together,  and  when 
cool  rub  the  mercury  with  them  till  the  globules 
disappear;  then  gradually  add  the  lead  plaster, 


previously  melted,  and  mix  all.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
stimulant,  resolvent,  and  discutient.  Applied  as 
a  discutient  to  venereal  and  other  tumours. 

Emplastrum  Hydrar'gyri  Compos'itum,  E. 
de  hydrar'gyro  eompos'itum  seu  de  Vigo  cum  mer- 
cu'rio  emenda'tum,  Compound  plaster  of  mer'cury. 
[Empl.  simpl.  p.  1250,  ceres  flavcB,  p.  64,  resince, 
p.  64.  Melt,  and  before  it  congeals  udd  pulv.  g. 
ammoniac,  p.  20,  bdellium,  p.  20,  oliban.  p.  20, 
myrrh,  p.  20,  saffron,  p.  12.  Mix  carefully, 
Take  of  mercury,  p.  380,  pure  turpentine,  p.  64, 
liquid  and  pto-e  storax,  p.  192.  Triturate  in  an 
iron  mortar  till  the  globules  disappear:  melt  all 
together,  and  before  congealing  add  essential  oil 
of  Lavender,  p.  8.  Phar.  P.)  The  same  pro- 
perties as  the  last. 

Emplastrum  Ichthyocoll^  teLjE  inductum, 
see  Sparadrapum  adhaesivum  —  e.  Irritans,  E. 
lyttae— e.  Lithargyri,  E.  Plumbi  — e.  Lithargyri 
compositum,  E.  galbani  compositum  —  e.  Lithar- 
gyri cum  gummi,  E.  gummosum  —  e.  Lithargyri 
cum  hydrargyro,  E.  hydrargyri — e.  Lithargyri 
cum  resina,  E.  resinse  —  e.  Lithargyricum  cum 
resina  pini,  E.  resinee. 

Emplastrum  LytTjE,  E.  canthar'idis  seu  can- 
tharidis  vesicato'rii  seu  mel'oee  vesicatorii,  E.vesi- 
catorium,E.  epispas'ticum  seu  e  cantharid'ibus  epis- 
pas'tictim  solid'ius  et  tena'cius  hcerens  seu  irri'tans 
seu  rubefi'aiis,  Plaster  of  the  Spanish  or  blistering 
fly,  Blistering  Plaster,  Fly  Plaster.  [Cantharides, 
in  powder,  Ibj,  .Imp.  eeras  tbiss,  adipis.  prap.  ftj. 
Melt  the  plaster  and  lard  together,  and  as  the 
mixture  becomes  thick,  on  cooling,  sprinkle  in 
the  flies,  and  mix.  Pharm.L.)  This  is  the  com- 
mon blistering  plaster.  Too  much  heat  must  not 
be  used  in  its  preparation.  It  requires  to  remain 
on  six  or  eight  hours  before  its  full  effect  is  in- 
duced, and  it  acts  sufficiently  well,  provided  even 
a  piece  of  thin  gauze  or  tissue  paper  be  placed 
between  it  and  the  skin,  whilst  absorption  of  the 
flies  is  thus  prevented.  See  Blister.  The  Blis- 
tering Plaster  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  Cera'tum  Canthar'idis.  is  made  as  follows: 
—  Cantharid.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.,  Ibj,  cercB  flavm, 
resina,  aa  ,^vij,  adipis,  ^x.  To  the  wax,  resin, 
and  lard,  previously  melted,  add  the  Spanish 
flies,  and  stir  the  mixture  constantly  until  cool. 

EiiPLASTRUM  Lytt^  Compos'itum,  E.  can- 
thar'idis  vesicato'rii  compos'itum  seu  mel'oes  vesi- 
cato'rii compos'itum,  Compound  pilaster  of  can- 
thar'ides  or  Spanish  flies.  [Resin,  liq.pini  laricis. 
p.  18,  resincB  concret.  j)ini  abietis,  meloes  vesicat. 
aa  p.  12,  cercB  flavm,  p.  4,  subacet.  cvptri,  p.  ij, 
semin.  sinapis  alb.,  fruct.  pip.  nigr.  aa  p.  j.  Melt 
the  pitch  and  wax,  then  add  the  turpentine,  and 
as  these  cool  sprinkle  in  the  other  substances,  in 
the  form  of  powder,  so  as  to  make  a  plaster. 
Ph.  E.)  The  same  properties  as  the  last,  but 
more  energetic  and  speedy  in  its  action. 

Emplastrum  Meloes  Vesicatorii,  E.  lytta  — 
e.  Meloes  vesicatorii  comp.,  E.  lyttas  comp.  —  e. 
Mucilaginosum,  Unguentum  de  althsea  —  e.  Ni- 
grum of  Augsburg,  see  Magnet. 

Emplastrum  Norimbergen'se,  E.  ex  ox'ido 
plumbi  rubro  cam^jho'ratum,  Emjyldtre  de  Nurem-, 
berg,  Nuremberg  plaster.  [Oxid.  p)lumb.  rnbr.  p. 
300,  ol.  oliv.  p.  600,  aquce,  q.  s.  Boil  until  the 
oxide  is  dissolved,  and  almost  to  dryness.  Re- 
move the  vessel  from  the  fire  and  add  yelloxo  icax, 
p.  500.  Put  the  vessel  again  on  the  fire,  and 
after  the  wax  is  melted,  add,  before  it  congeals, 
camphor,  .p.  24  :  mix.  Ph.  P.)  It  is  considered 
a  desiccative,  and  has  been  employed  in  gan- 
grene. 

Emplastrum  Nygmaticum,  E.  resinse. 

Emplastrum  Opii,  O'pium  Plaster.  [Opii  in 
pulv.  §ij,  Picis  abiet.  .^iij  ;  emplastr.  plumbi  ibj, 
aq.  bullient.  f  ,^iv.  Melt  together  the  lead  plaster 
and  Burgundy  pitch;  then  add  the  opium  pre- 


EMPLASTRUM 


333 


EMPYEMA 


viously  mixed  with  the  water,  and  boil  over  a 
gentle  fire  to  the  proper  consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  employed  as  an  anodyne,  and  to  give  sup- 
port. 

Emplastrum  Ox'idi  Ferri  Rubri,  E.  Ferri 
rnbri  seu  Roh'orans,  Plaster  of  red  oxide  of  iron, 
Strength' ening  Plaster.  {Empl.  oxid.  plumb,  semi- 
vitr.  p.  xxiv,  resinas  pin.  p.  vi,  cera  fiavcB,  olei 
olecB  Euro]},  sing.  p.  iij,  oxidi  ferri  ruhr.  p.  viij. 
Rub  the  red  oxide  of  iron  with  the  oil,  and  add 
the  other  ingredients  melted.  Ph.  E.)  It  is 
employed  as  a  strengthening  plaster. 

Emplastrum  ex  Oxido  plumbi  semivitreo, 
E.  plumbi — e.  Oxidi  plumbi  semivitrei,  E.  plumbi 
— E.  Oxidi  plumbi  semivitrei  gummosum,  E.  gum- 
mosum^e.  Phoenieeum,  Diapalma  —  e.  ex  Oxido 
plumbi  rubro  compositum,  E.  Norimbergense 
—  e.  Picis,  E.  Pieis  Burgundicae,  E.  Picis  com- 
positum. 

Emplastrum  Picis  BuRcnN'mc^,  E.  Picis, 
Burgundy  Pitch  or  Pitch  Plaster,  {Picis  Bur- 
gund.  Ibvj,  cera  fiavcB,  Ibss. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 

Emplastrum  Picis  Compos'itum,  E.  picis  ce- 
phal'icuin,  Cephal'ic  ^j/as?e)',  Compound  pitch 
idaster.  [Picis  arid,  ibij,  nhietis  resincp  Ibj, 
resina  flavcB,  cercB  flavcB,  aa  .^iv,  niyrist.  ol.  ^j, 
ol.  oliv.,  aqum,  aa  f^ij.  To  the  pitch,  resin,  and 
wax,  melted  together,  add  the  other  matters  and 
mix.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  stimulant  and  rubefacient. 
Sometimes  used  in  headach, — applied  to  the  tem- 
ples.    See  Depilatory. 

Emplastrum  Picis  cum  Cantharide,  E.  Ca- 
lefaciens. 

Emplastrum  de  Pice  et  Resi'nis  Gltj'ti- 
nans,  E.  AndrecB  de  Cruce,  Empildtre  d'Andri  de 
la  Croix,  ou  collant  de  2)oix  et  de  resines.  Adhe- 
sive plaster  of  pitch  and  resins.  [Picis  alb<s,  p. 
128,  resin  elemi,  p.  32,  terebinth,  pur.  p.  16,  ol. 
laur.  p.  16.  Melt  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  pass 
tbrough  linen.  Ph.  P.)  Used  in  contusions  and 
fractures  as  a  support. 

Emplastrum  Plumbi,  E.  hjthar'gyri  seu  eom- 
mu'ne  seu  diach'ylum  seu  ox'idi  plumhi  semivi'- 
trei  seu  ex  oxido  plumbi  semivitreo,  Binch'ylon 
simjolex,  White  Diach'ylon,  Lead  or  Diach'ylon 
plaster.  (^Plumbi  oxid.  semivitr.  in  pulv.  Iby., 
olei  oliv.,  cong.,  aqucB  Oij.  Boil  together  over  a 
slow  fire,  stirring  constantly  until  the  oil  and 
oxide  of  lead  cohere.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

Emplastrum  Polychrestum,  E.  resinse. 
Emplastrum  Potass'ii  Iod'idi,  Plaster  of  I'o- 
dide  of  Potass'  ium  [Potass,  iodid.  ^j,  Thuris,  ^vj  ; 
GercB,  gvj,  ol.  oliv.  f^ij.  Ph.  L.)  This  plaster, 
spread  on  leather,  is  applied  to  indolent  tumours. 
Emplastrum  Resi'nje,  E.  adhoBsi'vum  seu  U- 
thar'gyri  cutn  resi'nd  seu  resino' sum  seu  nygniaf- 
icum  seu  eommn'ne  cum  resi'nd  seu  Polychres'tum 
seu  lithargyr'icum  cum  resi'nd  pini  /  Resin,  Ad- 
he'sive  or  Sticking  plaster.  (Resin,  Ibss.  emp. 
pilumb.  Ibiij.  Melt  the  plaster,  with  a  gentle  heat, 
add  the  resin,  and  mix.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Employed 
in  wounds  and  ulcers. 

Baynton's  adhesive  plaster  is  made  by  melting 
one  pound  of  lead  pjlaster  and  six  drachms  of 
resin  together. 

Emplastrum  Resinosum,  E.  Resinse — e.  Ro- 
borans,  E.  Ferri  (Ph.  U.  S.),  E.  oxidi  ferri  rubri 
— e.  Rubefians,  E.  lyttse. 

Emplastrum  Sapo'nis,  E.  sapiona'eeum.  Soap 
plaster.  [Saponis  concis.  qIv,  emplast.  plumb. 
Ibiij.  Mix  the  soap  with  the  melted  plaster,  and 
boil  to  a  proper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  a 
mild  discutient.  Applied  to  tumours,  corns,  &c. 
Emplastrum  Simplex,  E.  cerse — e.  Spermatis 
ceti,  Ceratum  cetacei. 

Emplastrum  Thuris,  Fran¥ incense  plaster. 
y^Emj).   litharqyri,   Ibij,   thuris,  Tbss,    oxid.  ferri. 


rubr.  ^iij,  Ph.  B.),  Use  .-—the  same  as  the  plaster 
of  red  oxide  of  iron. 

Emplastrum  Vesicatorium,  Blister,  E.  lyttse 
— e.  de  Vigo  cum  mercurio  emendatum,  E.  hy- 
drargyri  compositum. 

EMPLATRE,  Emplastrum— e.  d' Andre  de  la 
Croix,  Emplastrum  de  pice  et  resinis  glutmans — 
e.  de  Cigue,  Emplastrum  eicuta  — e.  Collant  de 
poix  et  de  resines,  Emplastrum  de  pice  et  resinis 
glutinans — e.  de  Gomme  resine,  Emplastrum  cum 
gummi-resinis — e,  de  Nuremberg,  Emplastrum 
Norimbergense. 

EMPLATTOMENOS,  Emphracticus. 
EMPNEUMATOSIS,    Emphysema,    Inspira- 
tion. 

EMPOISONNEMENT,  Poisoning. 
EMPO'RIUM,  (.fiKopiov,   {ifx,  '  in,'  and  TToptvia, 
'1  transport  or  send.'     The  brain  was  so  called, 
of  old,  because  there  all  the  mental  affairs  are 
transacted. 

Emporium  Spirituuji,  Sensorium. 
EMPOSIS,  Imbibition. 
EMPREINTE,  Impression. 
EMPRESIS,  Empresma. 

EMPRES'MA,  Empres'mus,  Empre'sis,  from 
i/x-pTj^o],  '  future,'  tinrprjaiji,  '  I  burn  internally.' 
Inflammation.  Phlegma'tice  membrano'sm  et  p)a- 
rynchymato'scB,  Phlogis'tici,  Febres  continucB  in- 
Jlam.mato'ricB,  Inflamma'tio  inter'na,  Cau'ma,  In- 
ter'nal  inflammation.  A  genus  in  the  class 
hcpmatica,  order  2^hlogotica,  of  Good. 

Empresma  Bronchitis,  Cynanche  traehealis — 
e.  Bronchlemmitis,  Cynanche  traehealis — e.  Car- 
ditis, Carditis — e.  Cephalitis,  Phrenitis — e.  Cys- 
titis, Cystitis — e.  Enteritis,  Enteritis — e.  Gastri- 
tis, Gastritis — e.  Hepatitis,  Hepatitis — e.  H3'ster- 
itis.  Metritis — e.  Nephritis,  Nephritis— e.  Orchitis, 
Hernia  humoralis  —  e.  Otitis,  Otitis  —  e.  Paristh- 
mitis,  Cynanche — e.  Paristhmitis  tonsillaris  ma- 
ligna, Cynanche  maligna — e.  Paristhmitis  pha- 
ryngea,  Cynanche  pharyngea  —  e.  Paristhmitis 
tonsillaris,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — e.  Parotitis,  Cy- 
nanche parotideea — e.  Peritonitis,  Peritonitis — e. 
Peritonitis  mesenteriea,  Mesenteritis — e.  Periton- 
itis omentalis,  Epiploitis — e.  Pleuritis,  Pleuritis — 
e.  Pleuritis  diaphragmatica,  Diaphragmitis  —  e. 
Pneumonitis,  Pneumonia — e.  Splenitis,  Splenitis. 
EMPRESMUS,  Empresma. 
EM'PRION,  from  ev,  and  Trpiuv,  'a  saw.'  Ser- 
rated. Galen  has  given  this  name  to  the  pulse, 
when  the  sensation  produced  by  the  artery  under 
the  fingers  is  analogous  to  that  which  would  be 
caused  by  the  unequal  teeth  of  a  saw. 
EMPliOSTHOCYRTOMA,  Lordosis. 
EMPROSTHOT'ONOS,  Emprosthoton'ia,  En- 
ta'sia  tet'anns  anti'cus.  Tetanus  anticus,  from 
Cjiirpoa^ev,  'forwards,'  and  tcivw,  '1  stretch,  'I 
extend.'  A  variety  of  tetanus,  in  which  the  body 
is  drawn  forwards  by  the  permanent  contraction 
of  the  muscles, 

EMPSYCHO'SIS,    from     cp4'vxo(o,    (en,    and 
^vX^j  'life,')    'I  animate,'   'I  vivify.'     A   word 
formerly  used  for  the  act  of  animating.   The  union 
of  the  soul  with  the  body. 
EMPTOE,  Hemoptysis. 
EMPTOICA  PASSiO,  Hemoptysis. 
EMPTYSIS,  Hemoptysis. 
EMPTYSMA,  Sputum. 
EMPYE,  Empyema. 

EMPYE'MA,  Empye'sis,  Em'pye,  from  f/u,  Mn,' 
and  Tivov,  '  pus.'  Aposte'ma  empye'ma.  A  collec- 
tion of  blood  or  pus,  and,  conventionallj^,  of  other 
fluid,  in  some  cavity  of  the  body,  and  particu- 
larly in  that  of  the  pleura.  Empyema  is  one  of 
the  terminations  of  inflammation  of  the  pleura, 
and  is  called  also,  Pyotho'rax  verus,  Pleurorrhce'a 
purulen'ta,  Diapye'rna,  Ecpye'ma,  Ecpye' sis,  Em- 
pye'sis seu  Pyo'sis  pec'toris,  Hydrotho'rax  puru- 
len'tus,    Dysjmoe'a    pyothorac"ica,     Pneumo'nia 


EMPYESIS 


334 


EMULSUM 


suppurate' ria,  Ahsces'sus  pee'toris  seu  Thora'cis, 
Pleurajwste'ma,  Fleuropye'sis,  (F.)  Empyeme, 
Pyopleurite. 

The  operation  for  empyema  properly  means  the 
making  of  an  opening  into  the  thorax  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  issue  to  the  matter  collected  in 
the  cavity  of  the  pleura,  although  it  has  been 
used  for  the  operation  required  for  the  evacuation 
of  any  fluid  from  the  chest,  or  synonymously 
with  Parencentesis  thoracis. 

EMPYE'SIS ;  same  etymon.  Suppuration. 
An  eruption  of  phlegmonous  pimples,  gradually 
filling  with  a  purulent  fluid,  and  terminating  in 
thick  scabs,  frequently  leaving  pits  or  scabs. 
Piis'tiilous  Exan'them.  A  genus  in  the  oxAer  Ex- 
anthematica,  class  HeBmatica  of  Good.  See  Em- 
pyema. 

Ehpyesis  Ocdli,  Hypopyon — e.  Pectoris,  Em- 
pyema— e.  Variola,  Variola. 

ExMPYMELIUM  POLYSARCIA,  Polysarcia 
adiposa. 

EMPYOCE'LE,  from  £/<,  'in,'  -vov,  'pus,'  and 
Kr)\ri,  'tumour,'  'hernia.'  A  tumour,  formed  by 
an  accumulation  of  pus  in  the  scrotum.  Diffe- 
rent diseases  have  been  described  under  this 
name,  such  as  suppuration  of  the  testicle,  empy- 
ema of  the  tunica  vaginalis,  accumulation  of  pus 
in  the  cavity  of  a  hernial  sac,  abscesses  of  dif- 
ferent kinds  formed  in  the  cellular  texture  of  the 
scrotum,  &a. 

EMPYOM'PH ALUS,  from  £//,  'in,'  ttvov,  'pus,' 
and  ofi^akoi,  'the  navel.'  This  word  has  been 
used  to  designate  a  suppurating  tumour  at  the 
umbilicus ;  or,  at  times,  umbilical  hernia,  the  sac 
of  which  is  filled  with  blood. 
EMPYOS,  Purulent. 

EMPYREU'MA,  from  tunvptvto,  (t/i,  and  wp, 
'fire,')  'I  kindle.'  The  burnt  smell  and  acrid 
taste,  which  volatile  products — gaseous  and  liquid 
— contract,  when  animal  or  vegetable  substances 
are  decomposed  by  a  strong  heat.  The  cause 
of  this  smell  is  seated  in  an  oil,  called  empyreit- 
mat'ic,  which  does  not  exist  in  the  substance  sub- 
jected to  the  operation,  but  is  the  result  of  its 
decomposition.  If  the  empyreuma  occurs  when 
the  organic  substance  is  placed  in  a  still  with  a 
liquid,  it  is  owing  to  the  solid  matter  touching 
the  bottom  of  the  vessel  to  which  the  fire  is  ap- 
plied. 

EMPYREUMAT'IC,  Empyreumat'icus ;  same 
etymon.  Belonging  to  empyreuma, — as  an  em- 
pyreumatic  odour. 

EM'PYROS,  Fehric"  itans.  Same  etymon. 
One  who  has  fever. — Hippocrates. 

EMS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Celebrated 
springs  on  the  river  Lahn,  duchy  of  Nassau. 
They  are  thermal  (from  83  to  115°  Fahrenheit,) 
and  carbonated  salines,  containing  carbonic  acid, 
bicarbonate  of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium  ;  and 
are  much  used  in  gastric  and  intestinal  affec- 
tions, (fee. 

EMUL'GENT,  Emid'gens,  from  emidgere,  (e, 
and  midgere,  mulsum,)  'to  milk  out,'  'to  draw 
out.'  A  name  given  to  the  renal  artery  and  vein, 
because  the  ancients  imagined  they  milked,  as  it 
were,  the  urine  through  the  kidneys.  See  Renal. 
EMUL'SIFY,  (F.)  Emuhionner,  from  emulsio, 
and  fio,  '  to  become.'  To  make  or  form  an  emul- 
sion. 

EMULSIN,  see  Amygdalin. 
EMUL'SIO,  Einxd'sitm,  Emid'sion;  same  ety- 
mon. A  pharmaceutical  preparation,  of  a  milky- 
white  opaque  appearance,  which  is  composed  of 
oil,  divided  and  held  in  suspension  in  water  by 
means  of  mucilage.  Emulsions  have  been  di- 
vided into  the  true  and  oily,  and  into  the  false 
or  not  oily  ;  the  latter  being  composed  of  resinous 


substances,  balsams,  or  campbor,  rubbed  up  with 
dilute  alcohol,  mucilage,  or  yolk  of  egg. 

Emulsio  Aca'ci^,  E.  Arah'ica,  Gum  Ar'ahic 
Emid'sion.  [Nucleor.  amygd.  comm.  ^j,  aqua: 
Ibijss.,  mucilag.  aeac.  ^ij,  sacch.  ^iv.  While 
beating  the  decorticated  almonds  with  the  sugar 
and  water,  add  the  mucilage. — Ph.  E.)  Used  in 
the  same  cases  as  the  next.  Under  the  name 
Mistu'ra  Aca'cicB,  Gum  Ar'ahic  Mixture,  the 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  has  the  following. 
ilucilag.  AcacicB  f^iij  ;  Amygdal.  dulc.  ^},  and 
^ij ;  Saechar.  ^v ;  AqucB  Oij,  (Imper.  meas.) 
Blanch  the  almonds ;  peel  them  ;  beat  to  a  smooth 
pulp  first  with  the  sugar,  and  then  with  the  mu- 
cilage ;  add  the  water  gradually,  stirring  con- 
stantly, and  strain  through  linen  or  calico. 

Emulsio  Amyg'dal^,  E.  Simplex,  Lac  amyg'- 
dalce,  Amygdala' turn,  Mistu'ra  amygdalm,  Emul- 
sio sive  Lac  Amygdala'rum  or  Almond  Emidsion  ; 
Mixture  or  Milk,  (F.)  Lait  d'amandes.  (Amyg- 
dal. dulc.  ^ss;  AcaeicB,  in  pulv.  ^^^s  j  Saechar. 
^ij  ;  Aqu(B  destillat.  f,^viij.  Macerate  the  al- 
monds in  water,  and  having  removed  their  ex- 
ternal coat,  beat  them  with  the  gum  Arabic  and 
sugar,  in  a  marble  mortar,  till  they  are  thoroughly 
mixed ;  then  rub  the  mixture  with  the  distilled 
water  gradually  added,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  used  as  a  diluent  and  demulcent. 

Emulsio  Antihysterica,  Mistura  asafoetidse 
— e.  Arabiea,  Emulsio  acacise  Arabicae. 

Emulsio  Cam'phoRjE.jE'.  Camphora'ta,  Ifistu'ra, 
CamphorcB  ;  Camphor  Emidsion.  (Camphorce'^j, 
amygd,  com.  decortic,  sacch.  dur.,  aa  ^i'v,  aqucB 
^vj. — Ph.  E.)  A  convenient  form  for  giving 
camphor. 

Emulsio  Guaiacina,  Mistura  guaiaci  —  e.  Le- 
niens,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Emulsio  O'lei  Amygdala'rum  j  Emulsion  of 
Oil  of  Almonds,  (01.  amygd.  ,^j,  gum  acac.  pulv. 
^ij,  syrup,  ^j,  aqucB  destill.  ^iv.  Mix.  A  good 
pectoral  or  cough  mixture. 

Emulsio  O'lei  Ric"ini;  Castor  Oil  Emulsion 
(01.  ricini  ^ss,  vitelli  ovi  q.  s.,  aqua  destillat.  ^j.) 
An  aperient  draught. 

Emulsio  O'lei  Terebin'thin^  ;  Emulsion  of 
Oil  of  Tur'pentine,  (01.  tereh.  reet.  ^ij,  sacch. 
alh.  ,^ss,  vitell.  ovi  i,  emuls.  amygd.  vel  aqua  de- 
stillat.  ^v}.  Mix.  In  rheumatic  and  nephritic 
aff'ections.     Dose  f^iss. 

Emulsio  Oleosa,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Emulsio  Purgans  cum  Jala'pj?  Resi'na, 
Purging  Emulsion  with  Resin  of  Jalap.  (Ja- 
lapcR  resin,  gr.  xij.  sacch.  alb.  ^ij.  Triturate  for 
some  time,  and  add  gradually  half  the  yolk  of 
an  egg;  continue  to  triturate,  adding  by  degrees 
emxds.  simpl.  ^v,  aq.  flor.  aurant.  ^ij. — Ph.  P.) 

Emulsio  Purgans  cum  Scammo'nio,-  Purging 
Emulsion  with  Scammony.  It  is  prepared  like 
the  preceding,  substituting  only  Scammony  for 
the  jalap. 

Emulsio  Simplex,  E.  Amygdalae. 

EMULSION,  Emulsio  —  e.  Almond,  Emulsio 
amygdalae — e.  Camphor,  Emulsio  Camphorae — e. 
Castor  oil,  Emulsio  olei  ricini  —  e.  Gum  Arabic, 
Emulsio  acacias  Arabicse  —  e.  Huileuse,  Looch  ex 
ovo — e.  of  Oil  of  Almonds,  Emulsio  olei  amygda- 
larum — e.  of  Oil  of  Turpentine,  Emulsio  olei  tere- 
binthinaj — e.  Purging,  with  resin  of  jalap,  Emul- 
sio purgans  cum  jalapas  resina — e.  Purging,  with 
scammony,  Emulsio  purgans  cum  scammonio. 

E3TULSI0NNER,  Emulsify. 

EMUL'SIVE,  Emidsi'vus  ;  same  etymon.  An 
epithet  given  to  seeds  whence  oil  may  be  ex- 
tracted by  expression;  such  as  almonds,  apricots, 
peaches,  hemp,  rape,  melons,  gourds;  those  of 
the  nut  kind,  and  cucurbitaceous  and  cruciferous 
plants  in  general. 

EMULSUM,  Emulsion. 


EMUNCTORIUM 


385 


ENCEPHALOIIE  31  IE 


EMUNCTORIUM,    Emunctory— e.    Cerebri, 
Nasus. 

EMUNCTORY,  Emuncto' rium,hom  emuugere, 
(e,  and  mungere,  munctuni,)  'to  drain  off,^'to 
cleanse.'  Emissa'rium,  (F.)  Emonctoire,  Eniis- 
saii-e.  Any  organ  wliose  office  it  is  to  give  issue 
to  matters  which  ought  to  be  excreted.  The  an- 
cients believed  that  some  organs  were  more  par- 
ticularly destined  to  serve  as  emunctories  of 
others ;  the  nasal  fossae,  for  example,  they  believed 
to  be  the  emunctories  of  the  brain. 
EMUNDANTIA,  Detergents. 
EMYS  PALUS'TRIS,  Salt  Water  T^.r'rapin. 
This  species  of  turtle  is  found  exclusively  in  salt 
or  brackish  waters,  near  the  sea  shore,  along  the 
whole  Atlantic  coast.  It  is  much  prized  by  the 
epicure,  and  is  nutritious  and  tolerably  easy  of 
digestion  when  dressed  plain. 
EN,  see  Em. 

ENADELPHIA,  Emhoitement. 
ENiEMA,  Hamostatica, 
EN^MON,  Styptic. 

EN^ORE'MA,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  aiupco),  'I 
lift  up,'  'that  which  hangs  or  floats  in.'  (F.) 
Eneorhne.  The  Neph'ele,  Nuhes,  Suhlimamen'- 
tum,  Snhlima'tio,  Sahli'me,  Suapen'sum,  S.  Uri'- 
nce,  Susjyen'sa,  Niihec'ula  or  cloud,  which  is  sus- 
pended in  the  urine  as  it  cools. 

ENAMEL,  E.  of  the  teeth,  {en,  and  (F.)  email,) 
Den'tium  Nitor,  Cortex,  C.  stria'ta,  Subatan'tia 
filamento'aa  of  Malpighi,  S.  Adaman'tina  seu 
vit'rea,  Crusta  Den'tium  adaman'tina,  Adaman- 
tine or  vitreous  substance.  (F.)  Substance  vitree 
ou  emaillee.  Email  des  Dents.  The  substance 
which  covers  the  corouEs  of  the  teeth.  The  ena- 
mel is  of  a  milky  white  colour,  and  sufficiently 
hard  to  strike  fire  with  steel.  Its  surface  is  very 
smooth  and  polished,  and  it  forms  a  thicker 
layer  towards  the  part  where  the  teeth  come  in 
contact,  and  becomes  thinner  towards  the  cervix. 
The  fibres  of  the  enamel  are  perpendicular  to  the 
surface  of  the  teeth,  on  the  ivory  of  which  they 
seem,  as  it  were,  planted.  This  gives  them  a 
velvety  appearance,  when  examined  by  the  mi- 
croscope. The  enamel  has  no  blood  vessels,  and 
is  not  renewed  when  removed.  It  is  formed  of 
phosphate  of  lime,  and  a  very  small  portion  of 
animal  matter.  A  delicate  membrane  covers  the 
enamel — cuticle  of  the  enamel,  Nasmyth's  mem- 
brane; but  so  closely  united  .with  it,  that  it  can 
be  demonstrated  only  by  the  use  of  chlorohydric 
acid. 

Enamel,  Cuticle  of  the,  see  Enamel. 
ENANTHE'MA,   same  etymon  as  the   next. 
A  name  recently  given  to  certain  eruptions  of  the 
mucous  membrane,  as  exanthema  is  to  certain 
eruptions  of  the  skin. 

ENANTHE'SIS,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  av^u^,  'I 
flourish.'  Rash  exan'them.  Eruption  of  red,  level 
or  nearly  level,  patches,  variously  figured,  irre- 
gularly difi'used,  often  confluent,  and  terminating 
in  cuticular  exfoliations.  A  genus  in  the  order 
Exanthematioa,  class  EoBmatica,  of  Cullen,  inclu- 
ding scarlet  fever,  measles,  &,c. 

Enanthesis  Rosalia,  Scarlatina — e.  Urticaria, 
Urticaria. 

ENANTIOPATHIC,  Palliative. 
ENARTHRO'SIS,  Inarticula'tio,  Ball  and 
Socket-joint)  from  tv,  'in,'  and  ap-ifpuo-i?,  'an  arti- 
culation.' A  kind  of  diarthrodial  articulation,  in 
which  the  head  of  a  bone  is  received  into  the 
cavity  of  another,  and  can  be  moved  in  all  direc- 
tions. The  joint  of  the  os  femoris  with  the  os- 
innominatum  is  one  of  this  character. 

ENAR'THRUM,  from  bv,  'in,'  and  apdpov,  'a 
joint.'     A  foreign  body  in  a  joint. 
ENAUSMA,  Fomites. 
ENCAN'THIS,  from  cv,  'in,'  and  KavOog,  'the 


angle  of  the  eye.'  A  tumour,  formed  by  an  in" 
crease  in  size,  or  a  degeneration,  of  the  caruncula 
lacrymalis.  Any  morbid  growth  in  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye. 

Encaxthis  Benig'na.  Simple  excrescence  of 
the  caruncula.  It  commonly  yields  to  astringent 
coUyria. 

Encanthis  Fungo'sa.  a  condition  of  the  se- 
milunar fold  and  lachrymal  caruncle,  in  which 
they  are  the  seat  of  morbid  growths. 

Encanthis  Inflammato'ria.  Inflammation 
with  enlargement  —  swelling  —  of  the  semilunar 
fold  and  lachrymal  caruncle. 

Encanthis   Malig'na  has    often   a  canceroiia* 
character,  and  requires  extirpation  before  it  has 
attained  any  considerable  size. 
ENCARDITIS,  Endocarditis. 
ENCARPOS,  Pregnant. 
ENCASING,  Emhoitement. 
ENCATALEPSIS,  Catalepsy. 
ENCATHIS'MA,  Semieu'pium.     With  the  an- 
cients Encathis'ma,  iyKabiujia,  {tv,  and  Kafii^oj,  'I 
seat  upon,')  meant  a  vapour-bath  taken  sitting. 

ENCAU'MA,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  Kavm,  'I  burn.' 
Ejjicau'mis,  Epicau'sis,  Encau'sis.  A  tumour 
produced  by  a  burn.  A  burn.  Also,  an  ulcer 
of  the  transparent  cornea,  occasioning  loss  of  the 
humours. — Aetius,  Gorr^us. 

ENCAUSIS,  Burn,  Eneauma,  Moxibustion. 
ENCAUSSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    En- 
causse   is    a  village   in    the    department   of  the 
Haute-Garonne,  which  possesses  several  saline, 
acidulous  springs. 

EXCAVURE,  Argema. 
ENCEINTE,  Pregnant. 
ENCENS,  Juniperus  lycia. 
ENCENSIER,  Rosmarinus. 
ENCEPHALALGIA,  Cephalalgia— e.  Hydro- 
pica,  Hydrocephalus  internus. 

ENCEPHAL'IC,  Eneejjhal'icus,  from  tv,  'in,' 
and  Kt(paXti,  'the  head.'  That  which  is  situate  in 
the  head.  A  name  given  to  several  parts  which 
relate  to  the  encephalon,  as  the  encephalic  mem- 
brane, muscles,  <fec. 

ENCEPHALI'TIS,  from  Encephalon,  and  His, 
denoting  inflammation.  This  term  has  been  used, 
by  some  nosologists,  synonymously  with  Cepha- 
li'tis  and  Phreni'tis.  By  others,  it  has  been  ap- 
propriated to  inflammation  of  the  brain,  in  con- 
tradistinction to  that  of  the  membranes. 

Encephalitis  Exsudatoria,  Hydrocephalus 
internus  —  e.  Infantum,  Hydrocephalus  internus 
— e.  Insolationis,  Coiip-de-soleil — e.  Membranosa, 
Meningitis — e.  Peripherica,  Meningitis — e.  Pota- 
torum, Delirium  tremens. 

ENCEPHALIUM,  Cerebellum. 
ENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from  encephalon,  and 
Kv^n,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  seu  Funffus  Cerebri, 
Crain'oce'le,  Hernia  of  the  Brain.  This  may  be 
a  congenital  or  accidental  afi'ection.  In  the  for- 
mer case,  it  is  dependent  upon  tardy  ossification 
of  the  fontanelles  or  some  faulty  conformation. 
In  the  latter,  it  is  owing  to  some  considerable 
loss  of  substance  in  the  parietes  of  the  cranium, 
produced  by  fractures,  wounds  with  a  cutting 
instrument,  caries,  the  application  of  the  tre- 
phine, &c.  In  slight  congenital  encephalocele, 
gentle  pressure  may  be  exerted  upon  the  protruded 
portion.  When  the  disease  is  of  considerable 
extent,  it  is  fatal.  In  accidental  encephalocele, 
similar  means  must  be  used  for  confining  the 
tumour,  and  preserving  it  from  the  action  of 
external  bodies. 

ENCEPHALOCHTSIS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus— e.  Senilis,  Apoplexy,  serous. 
ENCEPHALODTNIA,  Cephalalgia. 
ENCEPHALOH^MIA,  Cephalfemia. 
ENOEPHALOHEMIE,  Cephal^mia. 


ENCEPHALOID 


336 


ENCYSTIS 


ENCEPH'ALOID,  EncepTialoVdes,  Ceph'aloid, 
CepJialo'i'des,  Cephalo'ma,  from  encejjhalon,  and 
siSos,  'resemblance.'  Laennec  has  given  the  term 
Enceph'ahnd  or  Cer' chriform  matter  to  one  of 
the  morbid  substances  commonly  formed  by  scir- 
rhous or  cancerous  tumours.  It  is  either  encysted, 
in  irregular  masses  without  cysts,  or  infiltrated 
into  the  texture  of  the  diseased  organ.  This 
name  was  given  to  it  in  consequence  of  its  re- 
semblance, when  fully  developed,  to  the  medul- 
lary substance  of  the  brain.  It  is  also  called 
Fungus  ntednlla'ris  seu  Cancro'sus  medulla'ris 
seu  Cerebra'lis,  Snrco'ma  medulla' re,  Spongoid 
itiflammation,  Cancer  cerehrifor'me  seu  mollis  seu 
medxdla'ris,  Carcino'ma  viedulla' re  seu  spongio'- 
8um,  Carci'nns  spongio'sus,  Struma  fvngo'sa,  Mye- 
lo'ma,  Myelom'yces,  Bfyelospon'gns,  Tela  acciden- 
ta'lis  medulla'ris,  (F.)  Mafiere  cerehriforme,  Car- 
cinome  mou  et  spongeux,  Tumeur  enceplialoide  ou 
spongieuse  ou  ossii'ore  ou  p)ulpe\ise  ou  fongo'ide 
ou  fongueuse  ou  spileniforme,  Fongus  medullaire, 
Careinome  sanglant,  Cancer  mou  ou  encephalo'ide 
ou  medullaire  ;  3Iilt-like  tumour,  Med' idlary  sar- 
coma, Cel'lular  cancer,  Fungoid  or  HcBinatocer'- 
ebriform  disease.     See  Cancer. 

Encephaloid  Tumour  of  the  Luns,  Phthisis, 
cancerous. 

ENCEPHALOLOG"IA,  from  encejohalon,  and 
\oyo(,  'a  description.'  A  description  of  the  en- 
cepbalon. 

ENCEPHALOMALACIA,  Mollities  cerebri. 

ENCEPHALOMALAXIS,  Mollities  cerebri. 

ENCEPHALO-MENINGITIS,  Meningo-ce- 
phalitis. 

ENCEPH'ALON,  Enceph' aluvi,  EncepTi'alus, 
E nlceph' alon ;  from  s.v,  'in,'  and  Kz(pa\r),  'the 
head.'  That  which  is  situate  in  the  head.  This 
name  has  generally  been  given  to  the  brain,  cere- 
bellum, and  mesocephalon.  At  times,  it  includes 
likewise  the  medulla,  spincdis,  when  it  is  also  called 
the  Cer'ebro-spinal,  and  Neural  axis.  Under 
the  term  Craniospinal  axis  or  centre  of  automa- 
tic actions,  Dr.  Carpenter  includes  the  sensory 
ganglia  —  the  respiratory  and  stomato-gastric 
ganglia  forming  the  centre  of  the  medulla  ob- 
longata and  the  spinal  ganglia  or  true  spinal 
cord. 

ENCEPHALOPATHI'A,  (F.)  Encfphalopa- 
thie,  from  encephalon,  and  nados,  'disease.'  A 
disease  of  the  encephalon. 

Encephalopathia  Literato'rum.  The  con- 
dition of  brain,  supposed  to  be  produced  by  over- 
tasking it. 

Encephalopathia  Puerperalis,  Mania,  puer- 
peral—  e.  Saturnina,  see  Encephalopathie  satur- 
nine. 

ENCEPHAL  OP  A  TRIE,  Encephalopathia  — 
e.  Crapuhuse,  Delirium  tremens. 

ENCEPHALOPATHIE  SATURNINE,  En- 
eepjialopathi'a  Saturni'na.  Encephalic  disorder 
occasioned  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA,  Phymato'ses  seu 
Strnmo'ses  seu  Tuber' cxda  cer'ebri ;  from  ence- 
phalon, and  ipvjua,  (pvixarog,  'a  tumour.'  Tuber- 
cles of  the  brain. 

ENCEPHALOPHTHISIS,  see  Encephalopyo- 
sis. 

ENCEPHALOPYO'SIS,  from  encephalon,  and 
TTVov,  'pus.'  Aposte'tna  sen  Absces's)ts  seu  Helco'- 
sis  cer'ebri.  Suppuration  of  the  brain.  When 
accompanied  with  emaciation  and  hectic,  it  is 
called  Encephalopthi'sis. 

ENCEPHALO-RACHIDIAISr,  Cephalo-spinal. 

ENCBPHALORRHAGIA,  see  Apoplexy. 

ENCEPHALOSCOPIA,  Craniology. 

ENCEPHALOSEPSIS,  Mollities  cerebri. 

ENCEPHALOSIS  OF  THE  LIVER,  Hepato- 
scirrhus. 


ENCEPHALOSISMUS,  Concussion  of  the 
brain. 

ENCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS,  see  Hydrocepha- 
lus internus. 

ENCEPHALUM,  Encephalon. 

ENCEPHALUS  OPISTHIUS,  Cerebellum. 

ENCEROSIS,  Inceration. 

ENCHARAXIS,  Scarification. 

ENCHA  TONNEiMENT,  Chatonnement. 

ENCHEIRE'SIS,  jE)ic/»Ve's!'«,  Enchei'ria,  from 
tv,  and  x^^P'  '^^^  hand.'  Galen  uses  this  term  as 
a  part  of  the  title  to  one  of  his  works,  which  treats 
of  dissection.  It  means  the  manual  treatment  of 
any  subject. 

ENCHEIRIA.  Encheiresis. 

ENCHIFRENEMENT,  Coryza. 

ENCHIRESIS,  Encheiresis. 

ENCHOXDROMA,  Chondroma. 

ENCHORIOXOSUS,  Endemic. 

ENCHORIOS,  Endemic. 

ENCHRISTON,  Liniment. 

ENCHYLOSIS,  Extraction. 

ENCHYMA,  Infusum,  Plethora. 

ENCHYMO'MA,  Enchymo'sis,  from  £v,  and 
X'"^<  '  I  pour.'  Bj'  the  ancients,  this  word  was 
used  to  designate  the  sudden  effusion  of  blood 
into  the  cutaneous  vessels,  which  arises  from  joy, 
anger,  or  shame;  in  the  last  instance  constituting 
blushing.  It  differs  from  ecchymosis  in  there 
being,  in  the  latter,  extravasation  of  blood  into 
the  areolar  texture,  and  its  being  produced  by 
an  external  cause ;  a  contusion,  for  example. — 
Hippocrates. 

ENCHY9IS,  Infusion. 

ENCLA  VE,  Wedged. 

ENCLA  VEMENT,  see  Wedged. 

ENCLUME,  Incus. 

ENCLYDAS'TICOS,  intus  flitc'tuans,  from  ty- 
K'XvSa^o/iai,  (£>',  and  x^u^o),  'I  wash.')  'to  float  in.' 
Applied  to  liquids,  e.  g.,  to  serum,  pus,  &c.,  con- 
tained in  any  cavity. 

ENCLYSMA,  Clyster,  Enema. 

ENCCE'LIA,  from  tj/,  'in,'  and  xot'Xia,  'the 
belly.'     The  abdominal  viscera.     The  entrails, 

ENCCELIALGIA,  Tormina — e.  Inflammatoria, 
Encoelitis. 

ENCCELI'TIS,  Enccelii'tis,  Enca;lialg"ia  in- 
Jlammato'ria,  Injiamma'tio  abdomina'lis ;  from 
tyKoiXia,  'the  abdominal  contents,'  and  itis,  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  any  of  the  abdo- 
minal viscera. 

ENCOLPIS'MUS,  from  cv,  'in,'  and  KoAiroy, 
'the  vagina.'  Injection  or  introduction  of  any 
thing  into  the  vagina. 

ENCOLPI'TIS,  Oolpopihlegmhymeni'tis ;  from 
tv,  'in,'  Ko\TTOi,  'the  vagina,'  and  itis,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  vagina. 

ENCOPE,  Diacope,  Incision. 

ENCRANION,  Cerebellum. 

ENCRANIS,  Cerebellum. 

ENORE,  Atramentum. 

ENCYESIS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

ENCYMON,  Pregnancy. 

ENCYMOSIA,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

ENCYSIS,  Pregnancy. 

ENCYST'ED,  Cystide  obduc'tus,  Sacca'tus, 
Saccula'ttis,  Sac'cated,  Sac'culated,  Pouched. 
Enclosed  in  a  kyst  or  cyst,  or  pouch  ;  from  cv, 
'in,'  and  kocttij,  'bladder.'  (F.)  Enlnjste.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  tumours,  or  solid  or  fluid 
collections  enclosed  in  a  particular  envelope  or 
cyst.  They  are  movable  and  often  elastic  to  the 
touch. 

ENCYS'TIS,  Tumor  tuniea'tus  seu  cys'ticus, 
Emphy'ma  eneys'tis.  Same  etymon.  Lu'pia, 
Glan'dula  Avicen'ncB,  Nodus.  An  encysted  tu- 
mour. 


ENDADELPHIA 


ENDOSMOTIC 


ENDADELPHIA,  see  Emhoitement. 
ENDAN'G-IUM;  properly  Eiidangi'on  ot  En- 
daiigi'um,  llembra'na  vaso'rum  commu'tiis,  (F.) 
Tauiqiie  commune  de  Bichat;  from  evSov,  'within, 
and  ayyeiov,  'a  vessel.'  The  serous  or  lining 
membrane  of  vessels. 

ENDEICTICOS.  Indicant. 
ENDEIX10L"0GY,  Endeixiolocf'ia,  from  tv- 
Sci^i?,  {ev,  and  ieiKvvui,  'I  show,')  'indication,'  and 
Xuyog,  'a  discourse.'     The  doctrine  of  indications. 
ENDEIXIS,  Indication. 
ENDEMIA,  Endemic. 

ENDEM'IC,  Endem'i'cal,  Ende'mia,  Eeijiona'- 
lis  morbus,  Endem'icus ;  from  iv,  'in,'  and  Sni^os, 
'the  people;'  Encho'i-ios,  Eiickorion'osus,  Ver- 
7inc'ulus  seu  Endemius  mor'bus,  Endemy,  (E.) 
Endemie,  3faladie  regionale.  A  disease  said  to 
be  endemic,  (F.)  Endemiqiie,  or  to  arise  from 
endemic"iti/,  (F.)  endemicite,  when  it  is  owing 
to  some  peculiarity  in  a  situation  or  locality. 
Thus,  ague  is  endemic  in  marshy  countries ; 
goitre  at  the  base  of  lofty  mountains,  &a.  Some 
authors  use  the  term  in  the  same  sense  as  epide- 
mic. We  have  no  accurate  knowledge  of  the 
emanations  or  other  circumstances  which  give 
occasion  to  endemic  affections.  We  seem  to  know 
that  some  emanation  from  marshy  lands  does 
produce  intermittents;  but  we  are  ignorant  of 
the  nature  of  such  emanation. 
ENDEMICITE,  see  Endemic. 
ENDEMICITY,  see  Endemie. 
ENDEMIOL'OGY,  Endemiolog"ia,  from  'en- 
demic,' and  'Koyoi,  'a  discourse.'  The  doctrine  of 
endemic  diseases. 

ENDEMTQUE,  Endemic. 
ENDEMY.  Endemic. 
ENDEPIDERMIS,  Epithelium. 
ENDER'MIC,     Eiider'micus,     Endermat'iena, 
Emplas'tro-endermic,    (F.)  Endermique,  from   tv, 
a,ndi  itpiia,  'the  skin.'     An   epithet  given  to  the 
method  of  treating  diseases  by  placing  the  thera- 
peutical agent  in  contact  with  the  skin,  especially 
after  the  cuticle  has  been  removed;  Enderm'ism, 
Eiidermis'mus,  Endermo'sis,  Bleth'ndus  ender'mica 
seu      endermnt' ica,      Diadermatri'n.        Morphia, 
strychnia,    &c.,  are    often   administered   in    this 
way. 

ENDERMIS,  see  Endermic. 
ENDERMISMUS,  see  Endermic. 
ENDERMOSIS,  see  Endermic. 
EN'DESIS,   from  tv,  'in,'  and  to,  'I  bind.' 
A   ligature,    bandage,    connexion.      Hippocrates 
has  so  termed  the  ankle-joint. 

ENDIVE,  Ciohorium  endivia — e.  Wild,  Cicho- 
rium  intybus. 

ENDIVIA,  Cichorium  endivia. 
ENDIXIS,  Indication. 

ENDO,  from  tv&ov,  'within.'    A  common  prefix, 
as  in  the  following  terms  : 

ENDO-AORTI'TIS,  from  sv^sov,  'within,'  and 
aortitis,  'inflammation  of  the  aorta.'     Inflamma- 
tion of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  aorta. 
ENDO-ARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 
ENDOBLAST,  see  Periblast. 
ENDOGARDE,  Endocardium. 
ENDOCAR'DIAC,  Endocar' dial,  Endocardi'- 
ttcus :  same  etymon  as  the  next.     Relating  to  the 
endocardium,  or  to  the  interior  of  the  heart;  as 
'  endocardiac  sound  or  murmur,'  —  a  sound  pro- 
duced within  the  cavities  of  the  heart,  in  contra- 
distinction to  exocardiac  or  exocardial  sounds  or 
murmurs,  which  are  induced  by  conditions  of  the 
external  surface  of  the  organ. 
-       ENDOCARDI'TIS,    Encarditis,    Cardi'tis    in- 
ter'nn,   Inflamma'tio  SHperfic"iei  inter'ncp.   cordis, 
Inter'nal   Carditis,  luflamma'tion  of  the  infernal 
membrane  of  the  heart,  (F.)  Endocardite,  from  en- 
docard'iiim,  the  lining  membrane  of  the  heart, 
22 


and  itis,  inflammation.  In  this  disease,  the 
heart's  action  is  visibly  increased,  and  very  mani- 
fest to  the  touch  ;  the  hand  is  strongly  repelled, 
and,  at  moments,  is  sensible  of  a  trembling  vi- 
bratory motion.  Percussion  gives  a  dull  sound 
over  a  surface  of  several  inches,  owing,  accord- 
ing to  Bouillaud,  to  the  inflammatory  turgescence 
of  the  heart,  and  the  engorged  state  of  its  cavi- 
ties. On  auscultation,  a  bruit  de  soufflet  is  gene- 
rally heard,  masking  one  or  both  sounds  of  the 
heart;  and  the  ear  is  sensible  of  a  metallic  ring- 
ing with  each  systole  of  the  ventricle.  The  pul- 
sations are  rapid  as  well  as  strong,  and,  with  few 
exceptions,  irregular,  unequal  and  intermittent. 
The  pulse,  by  the  way,  does  not  always  indicate 
the  force  or  number  of  the  heart's  contractions. 

ENDOCAR'DIUM,   from  tv&ov,   'within,'  and 
(cap^ia,  '  the  heart.'    (F.)  Endocarde.     The  mem- 
brane that  lines  the  interior  of  the  heart. 
ENDOCHORION,  see  Chorion, 
ENDOCOLITIS,  Dysentery. 
END0CY3IIEN,  from  cv&ov,  'within,'  and  xvjta, 
'the  product  of  conception.'     A  double  monster 
by  inclusion  —  Isidore  G-.  St.  Hilaire.     See  Ein- 
boitement. 

ENDODONTI'TIS,    (F.)    Inflammation   de    la 
Pulpe  dentaire.  Inflammation  of  the  Dental  mem- 
brane, from  tv^ov,  '  within,'  oSovs,  oiovrog,  '  a  tooth,' 
and  itis,   denoting  inflammation.     Inflammation 
of  the  lining  membrnne  of  a  tooth. 
ENDO-ENTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 
ENDOGASTRI'TIS,  Esogastri'tis  ;  from  ivSov, 
'within,'  and  gastritis,  'inflammation  of  the  sto- 
mach.'    Inflammation    of  the   lining  membrane 
of  the  stomach. 
ENDOGEN,  see  Endogenous. 
ENDOG"ENOUS;    from  tvSov,   'within,'   and 
yEvvad),   '  I    engender.'     A  term  first  applied    to 
plants — hence  called  End'ogens  —  in  which  the 
new  woody  matter  is   deposited  within  the   old, 
and  towards  the  centre.     In  the  animal,  cells  are 
often  formed  endogenous?!/,  or  within  the  cells,  as 
in  the  case  of  the  sperm  vesicles. 

An  endog"enous  aneurism  is  one  that  originates 
spontaneously  from  lesions  of  the  inner  coat  of 
the  arteries. 

ENDOLYMPH,  Vitrine  auditice. 
ENDOMETRI'TIS,  from  tviov,  'within,'  and 
metritis,  'inflammation  of  the  uterus.'     Inflam- 
mation  of  the  lining  membrane   of  the  uterus. 
When  accompanied  with  a  diphtheritic  exudation, 
it  is  sometimes  called  Endometri'tis  croupo'sa. 
ENDONARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 
ENDOPHLEBITIS,  Phlebitis. 
ENDOPLAST,  see  Periplast. 
END0R3IIE,  Datura  stramonium. 
ENDOSIS,  Remission. 
ENDO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 
ENDOSMOSE,    Endosmo'ais,    Double    Iin. 
bibit"ion,  from  tvdov,   'within,'  and  iiiaixai,  'Im- 
pulse.'    A  term  first  used  by  Dutrochet,  to  ex- 
press the  action  by  which  fluids  pass  from  with- 
out to  within   organic  membranes.     The  action 
of  two  fluids  on  each  other,  when  separated  by  a 
membrane.     The  general  conditions  of  the  phe- 
nomena are* — first,  that  they  should   have  an 
afiinity  for   the   interposed  membrane;    and   se 
condJy,  that  they  should  have  an  aflSnity  for  each 
other,  and  be  miscible. 

At  the  present  day,  endosmose  is  generally  used 
to  signify  the  passage  of  the  more  transmissible 
fluid,  whilst  exosmose  signifies  that  of  the  least 
transmissible.  The  rapidity  with  which  endos- 
mose is  accomplished  varies  according  to  the 
nature  of  the  septum  or  tissue  and  of  the  pene- 
trating body,  and  to  the  penetrability  of  the  tissue. 
ENDOSMIC,  Endosmotic. 
ENDOSMOT'IC,     Endosmot'icua,    Endoe'mic, 


ENDOSTEITIS 


338 


ENGOUEMENT 


Endos'micits;   same   etymon.      Belonging  to  en- 
dosmose  : — as  an  '  endosmotic  current.' 

ENDOSTEI'TIS,  from  eviov,  'within,'  ocreov, 
'  a  bone,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  internal  periosteum. 
ENDOSTEUM,  Medullary  membrane. 
ENDOUTERITIS,  see  Metritis. 
ENDUIT  (F.),  from  induere,  'to  put  upon,' 
'to  put  on.'  A  coat ;  a  fur.  This  term  is  often 
applied  to  a  layer  of  greater  or  less  thickness 
which  covers  the  surface  of  certain  organs,  and 
particularly  of  the  tongue  and  the  interior  of  the 
mouth.  The  enduit  is  designated  variously,  ac- 
cording to  its  appearance, — enduit  hilieux,  jaune, 
b/anc,  &c.  —  a  bilious,  yellow,  white  coat  or  fur, 
&c.  It  is  at  times  owing  to  the  evaporation  of 
the  watery  portions  of  the  secretions;  at  others, 
to  a  morbid  condition  of  the  secretions:  —  gene- 
rally, to  both  causes  combined.  The  tongue,  in 
such  a  condition,  is  said  to  be  coated  or  furred ; 
sometimes,  loaded. 

ENDUIT  CHOROi'DIEN,  see  Choroid. 
END  UR  CISSE3IENT,     In  duration  —  e.     dn 
Cerveau,  Sclerencephalia — e.  Rouge,  see  Uepati- 
zation — e.  du  Cceur,  Cardiosclerosie — e.  da    Tissu 
eellidtiire.  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

ENDYMA  VENTRICULORUM,  Ependyma 
ventriculorum. 

ENECHEMA,  Tinnitus  aurium, 
ENECIA,  Synocha  —  e.  Cauma,  Synocha — e. 
Synochus  Puerperarum,  see  Peritonitis — e.  Syno- 
chus,  Synoehus. 

EX'EMA,  tvtjia,  from  evirifii,  (tv,  and  tripii,  'to 
inject.'  Clysma,  Clysmua,  Endys'ma,  Lavamen'- 
tiim,  Lo'tio.  An  Injection,  Clyster,  (P.)  Clystere, 
Lavement.  A  well-known  form  of  conveying 
medicine  into  the  intestinal  canal.  See  Clyster. 
E-VEJfA  Aloes,  Clyster  of  aloes.  {Aloes,  Qij; 
Potass,  carbon,  gr.  XV ;  Decoct.  Hordei,  Oss,  (Imp. 
meas.,)  M.  Ph.  L.)  Used  ia  cases  of  ascarides 
and  amenorrhoea. 

Enema  Anod'vnuit,  Enema  O'pii ;  An'odyne 
or  Starch  and  Opium  Clyster.  {Decoct,  amyli 
f^iv;  tinct.  ojni  n(,.  xxx.  M.  Ph.  L.)  Exhibited 
in  cases  of  severe  diarrhoea  or  dysentery. 

Enema  Cathart'icuji;  Cathartic  or  Purging 
Clyster.  {Olei.  oliv.  f ^j ;  sulph.  magiies.  3J  ; 
mucilng.  acacicR  i'^'s.vx;  M.     Ph.D.) 

Enema  Colocynth'idis,  Clyster  of  Col'ocynfh. 
{Ext.  Colocynth  ^ss ;  Sapon.  mollis  ^y,  aquce,  Oj. 
(Imp.  meas.,)  M.  Ph.  L.)  An  efiScient  cathartic 
clyster. 

Enema  CoirMU'NE ;  Common  or  Domestic 
Clyster.  {  Water  gruel  or  molasses  and  water  Oss 
or  Oj  ;  add  a  little  oil  or  lard,  and  a  spoonful  of 
common  salt.)  Given  as  a  cathartic  enema;  and, 
without  the  common  salt,  as  an  emollient. 

Enema  Fcet'idum,  E.  assafae'tidcB,  Fetid  Clys- 
ter, Clyster  of  aesafetida ;  Mis'tura  asafir.'tidtB 
2oro  clys'mate,  Clysma  ton'icum  et  antispasmod'- 
icum  seu  in'citans  et  sedans,  (F.)  Lavement  anti- 
spasmodique.  {The  last,  with  the  addition  of  ^ij 
of  the  tincture  of  asnfoetida.  Ph.  D.)  Given  as 
an  antispasmodic  and  anodyne. 

Enema  Nicotia'n^;  Tohac'co  Clyster.  This 
generally  consists  of  from  half  a  pint  to  a  pint  of 
the  Lifusum  Tahaci.  It  is  employed  in  eases  of 
strangulated  hernia;  but  occasionally  acts  as  a 
fatal  poison  when  given  in  this  way.  The  smoke 
of  tobacco  is  sometimes  thrown  up  the  rectum  to 
produce  the  same  medicinal  eifects  as  the  infusion. 
Enema  Opii,  E.  anodynum. 
Enema  Terebin'thiNjE;  Tnr'pentine  Clyster. 
{01.  tereb.  f^j.  Decoct,  hordei  f^^xix,  one  yolk  of 
egg.  Incorporate  the  turpentine  with  the  yolk, 
then  add  the  gruel.  Ph.  L.)  To  be  adminis- 
tered in  cases  of  ascarides,  {oxyures.) 

ENEPIDERM'IC,  Enepider'micus,  from  tv, 
'in,'  £-£,  'upon,'  and  izpjia,  'the  skin.'    An  epi- 


thet given  to  the  method  of  treating  diseases, 
which  consists  in  the  application  of  medicines  ; 
as  plasters,  blisters,  &c.,  to  the  skin. 

ENEREISIS,  Compression. 

ENERGIA,  Action,  Force. 

EN'ERGY,  Energi'a,  from  ivt^yaa,  {ev,  and 
Epyov, 'action,')  '  I  act.'  Action.  Acting  power. 
Also,  vigour;  as  the  'muscidar  energy;'  the 
'brain  acts  with  energy.' 

ENERVATIO,  Aponeurosis,  Enervation. 

ENERVA'TION,  Enerva'tio,  from  e,  '  out  of,' 
and  nervus,  '  strength.'  The  act  of  weakening — 
the  state  of  being  weakened.     See  Debility. 

ENERVATIONES  TENDINE^,  Inseripti- 
ones  tendinese  musculorum. 

ENERVITAS,  Inertia. 

ENFANCE,  Infancy. 

ENFANT,  Infans— e.  <J  Terme,  see  Fcetus— p. 
Legitime,  see  Legitimate. 

ENFANTEMENT,  Parturition. 

ENFLUPuE,  Swelling,  (Edema — e.  des  Jambes 
et  des  cuisses  de  lafemme  accouchie,  Phlegmatia 
dolens. 

ENFONCEMENT  SGAPHOIDE,    Scaphoi- 

ENFONCEURE,  Arthrodia. 

ENFONCVRE,  Arthrodia. 

ENGASTERION,  Laboratory. 

ENGASTRIMLSIIE,  see  Engastrimyth. 

ENGASTRlMYS3[E,SQ<i 'Engastrimyth. 

ENGAS'TRIMYTH ;  Engastrimy'thus,  En- 
glottogas'tor,  Gastril'oquus,  Ventril' oquus ,  Gas- 
tril'oquist,  Eu'rycles,  Eurycli'tus,  Enteroman'tis, 
Gastroman'tis,  from  tv,  'in,'  yaarrjp,  'the  belly,'' 
and  fivSeoixat,  'I  discourse.'  A  Ventril' oquist. 
(F.)  Ventriloque,  Gastriloque.  One  who  pos- 
sesses the  art  of  modifying  his  natural  voice,  so 
that  it  seems  to  come  from  a  greater  or  less  dis- 
tance, and  from  different  directions.  It  was  for- 
merly believed  that  such  persons  spoke  from  the 
belly;  hence  their  name.  Itis  an  imitative  art, 
and  is  called  Ventriloquism.  (F.)  Engastri- 
misnie,  Engastrimysme. 

ENGEISOMA,  Engisoma, 

ENGELURE,  Chilblain. 

ENGHIEN  MONTMORENCY,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  Enghien-les-Bains.  A  hydro- 
sulphurous  water,  four  leagues  from  Paris,  near 
Montmorency,  which  is  possessed  of  some  cele- 
brity. It  contains  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride 
of  magnesium,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of 
lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonate  of  lime, 
silica,  sulphohydrate  of  lime  and  magnesia,  sul- 
phohydric  acid,  carbonic  acid  and  nitrogen. 

ENGISO'MA,  Engeiso'ma,  Engizo'ma,  from 
syyi^di,  'I  approximate.'  (F.)  Embarrure.  A 
species  of  fracture  of  the  skull,  in  which  a  splin- 
ter passes  beneath  the  sound  portion  of  the  bone, 
and  compresses  the  brain. — Galen.  Also,  a  kind 
of  instrument  used  in  fractures  of  the  clavicle. 

ENGLISH  DISEASE,  Rachitis. 

ENGLOTTOGASTOR,  Engastrimyth. 

ENGOMPHOSIS,  Gomphosis. 

ENGORGEMENT,  from  en,  'in,'  and  gorge, 
'  the  throat,'  An  obstruction  occurring  in  the 
vessels  of  a  part,  giving  rise  to  augmentation  of 
volume.     Congestion. 

ENGORGEJfENT  DES  MEMBRES  AB- 
DOMTNAUXl  LA  SUITE  DES  COUCHES, 
Phlegmatia  dolens — e.  Hepatic,  Hepatohsemia  — 
e.  Laiteux  des  membres  abdominaux,  Phlegmatia 
dolens. 

ENGOUEMENT  {¥.),    Obstruc'tio,    Iner'tia, 

from   angere,    'to    choke.'      Accumulation    in    a 

hollow  organ,  of  the  matters  secreted  by  it  or 

carried  into  it.     There  is  said  to  be  Engouement 

!  des  branches,  when  the  mucus  accumulates  in  the 

'  bronchia;    and    Engouement   des    intestins,  when 

'  the  matters  which  ought  to  pass  through  the  ia- 


ENGOUEMENT 


339     ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCELE 


testines  are  detained  ;  as  in  a  case  of  strangulated 
hernia. 

ENGOUEMENT  DES  POUMONS,  E.  of  the 
lanjs,  in  Pathological  Anatomy,  signifies  that 
state  of  the  lungs,  in  which  a  mixture  of  air  and 
thin  fluid  escape?  from  them  when  cut  into. 

EiYG 0 URDTSSEMENT,  Torpor. 

ENGRENURE,  Suture. 

EXH.EMAT0SI3,  H^matosis. 

EXIXA,  Puerpera. 

ENIXIO  FOETUS,  Parturition. 

EXIXUS  FCETUS,  Parturition. 

ENKEPHALOX,  Encephalon. 

ENKYSTE,  Encysted. 

EXKYSTEMENT,  Chntonnement. 

EX.METRITIS,  see  Metritis. 

EXXEAPHAR'MACOS,  from  twea,  'nine,' 
and  ipapiiaKov,  'a  medicine.'  A  medicine,  com- 
posed of  nine  simple  ingredients.  A  pessary,  so 
formed.  —  Galen,  Paulus.  The  Antid'otua  Hera- 
cli'dis,  described  by  Galen,  and  some  plasters  by 
Aetius  and  Celsus,  are,  likewise,  termed  Eiiiiea- 
phnrmnca. — Gorraeus. 

ENORMIS,  Abnormous. 

EXORMITAS  CORDIS.  Heart,  hypertrophy. 

EXOR'MOX,  tvopuwv,  Hornion,  Im'petum  fa'- 
cienn,  from  £v,  'in,'  and  opuaw,  'I  rouse,'  'excite.' 
A  word  used  by  Hippocrates  in  the  same  sense 
as  vital  principle  is  by  modern  physiologists. 

EXOSIS,  Insertion. 

EXOSTO'SIS,  Entosfo'sis,  from  tv,  'in,'  and 
ocreov,  '  a  bone.'  A  morbid  growth  of  bone  in- 
wards— the  opposite  to  exostosis. 

ENRAGE,  Rabid. 

EXRHUMER,  See  Cold. 

ENROUEMENT,  Raucedo. 

EXRYTH'MOS,  from  tv,  and  pv^pto^,  'number.' 
Having  rhythm.  An  epithet  applied  to  the  pulse 
when  its  pulsations  occur  with  some  degree  of 
order.  It  is  opposed  to  Aryth'mos,  and  differs 
from  Eurythmos,  which  signifies  '  regular.' 

EXS.  A  being.  Paracelsus  meant,  by  this 
term,  the  power  exerted  by  certain  beings  on 
our  body.  He  speaks  of  the  Ens  Dei,  E.  Astro'- 
fum,  E.  natura'le,  E.  virtu'tis,  E.  morbo' rum,  E. 
de  poten'tibus  spirit' ibus,  &c.  These  absurd  de- 
nominations suggested  to  some  of  the  ancient 
ehymists  a  name  for  certain  chymical  prepara- 
tions. The  muriate  of  ammonia  and  iron  was 
called  Ens  martis ;  the  muriate  of  ammonia  and 
copper,  Ens  veneris  ;  and  Ens  lirimum  was,  with 
the  alchymists,  the  name  of  a  tincture  which  they 
considered  possessed,  of  the  power  of  transmuting 
metals. 

Ens  Maetis,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — e.  Veneris, 
Bo.vlei,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

E  X '  S I F  0  R  M,  Ensifor' mis,  from  ensis,  '  a 
sword,'  and /or?«a,  'form.'     Sword-like. 

Ensifoem  Apophy'ses  or  Proc"esses  are  the 
lesser  al^  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

En'siform  Appen'dix  or  Car'tilage  is  the 
xiphoid  appendix  of  the  sternum,  <fcc.  See  Xi- 
phoid. 

EXSIFORMIS,  Xiphoid. 

EXSI-STERNAL.  Relating  to  the  ensiform 
process  of  the  sternum.  Beclard  gave  this  name 
to  the  last  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum.  He 
also  called  it  Uoa  ultimisfernal.  See  Ultimo- 
sternal. 

EXSOMATOSIS,  Incorporation. 

EXSTALAX'IS,  Instillation. 

EX'STROPHE,  from  ev,  'in,'  and  (rrpsipm,  'I 
turn.'     Inversion  of  a  part,  as  of  the  eyelids. 

ENTABLEMENT,  Depression. 

ENTAILLE  (F.),  from  en,  'in,'  and  tailler, 
'  to  cut.'  Excis'io,  Ec'cope,  Ec'tome.  A  deep 
wound  made  by  a  sharp  instrument  obliquely. 
Entaillee  and  Taillades  are,  also,  used  to  desig- 


nate deep  scarifications,  made  for  the  purpose  of 
producing  a  speedy  degorgement  of  any  tumefied 
part;  such,  for  example,  as  are  made  in  the 
tongue  in  certain  cases  of  glossitis. 

ENTAMURE  (F.).  A  slight  incision  or  lace- 
ration. 

EXTAXTHEMA,  Eisanthema. 

EXTASIA,  Tonic  spasm — e.  Articularis,  Con- 
tractura — e.  Losia,  Torticollis  —  e.  Priapismus, 
Priapismus — e.  Systremma,  Cramp — e.  Tetanus, 
Tetanus  —  e.  Tetanus  anticus,  Emprosthotonos — 
e.  Trismus,  Trismus. 

EXTASIS,  Tonic  spasm. 

EXTAT'ICUS,  Intensi'vtts,  from  tvTuvoi,  'I 
make  tense.'  A  medicine  which  excites  the  ve- 
nereal appetite. 

EXTELIPATHIA,  Nymphomania. 

EXTELMIXTHA,  Worms. 

ENTENDEMENT,  Intellect. 

EXTERADELPHIA,  see  Emboitement. 

EXTERAD'EXES,  from  Evrcpov,  'an  intestine,' 
and  aSvv,  'a  gland.'  The  mucous  glands  of  the 
intestines.     See  Peyeri  glandulae. 

ENTERADEXOG'RAPHY,  Enteradenogra'- 
phia,  from  evTcpov,  'intestine,'  aSrjv,  'gland,'  and 
Ypi'Pn,  '  a  description.'  A  description  of  the  in- 
testinal glands. 

EXTERADEXOL'OGY,  Enteradenolog"ia, 
from  tvTcpov,  'intestine,'  aSriv,  'gland,'  and  Xoyog, 
'a  treatise.'  That  part  of  anatomy  which  treats 
of  the  intestinal  glands. 

EXTERAERECTASIA,  Tympanites. 

EXTERAL'GIA,  Enterodyn'ia,  from  evrepov, 
'intestine,'  and  oKyog,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  intes- 
tines.    Colic. 

Enteralgia  Acuta,  Enteritis  —  e.  Inflamma- 
toria.  Enteritis — e.  Saturnina,  Colica  metallica. 

EXTERANGEMPHRAXIS,  Enterangi- 
emphraxis. 

ENTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Enteran- 
gemphrax'is,  from  evrepov,  'intestine,'  ayx^^i  '  I 
strangle,'  and  cpKppaaiTd},  'I  obstruct.'  Obstruction 
of  the  vessels  of  the  intestines. 

EXTERATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  Intestino' rum, 
from  cvTcpov,  'intestine,'  and  atrophia,  'want  of 
nutrition.'    Atrophy  of  the  coats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTER AUX'E,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine,'  and 
av^Tj,  'increase.'  Hypertrophy  of  the  muscular 
coat  of  the  intestines. — Fuchs. 

EXTERECHE'MA,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine,' 
and  vxit  VX*^'  ''X''/"')  'sound.'  Son'itne  intestina'- 
lis.  The  sound  of  the  movement  of  the  intes- 
tines, heard  by  the  stethoscope. 

ENTEREC'TASIS,  EUata'tio  Intestino' rim, 
from  tvrtpov,  'intestine,'  and  jxTotrtf,  'dilatation.' 
Dilatation  of  the  intestines,  as  in  tympanites. 

EXTERELCO'SIS,  Enterhelco'sis,  Enterohel- 
co'sis,  from  tvrcpov,  'intestine,' and 'eXffojo-tf,  'ul- 
ceration.' Ulceration  of  intestines  —  Ulcera'tio 
intestina'lis,  Ul'cera  intestino,' lia. 

ENTERELESIA,  Ileus. 

EXTERELOSIS,  Ileus. 

EXTEREMPHRAX'IS,  Infarc'tm  Inteatino'- 
rum,  Jncarcera'tio  intestino' rum  inter'na,  (E.) 
Etranglement  des  Intestins,  E.  Intestinale,  from 
tvTtpov,  'intestine,'  and  ep(ppa^ii,  'obstruction.' 
Obstruction  of  the  Intestines  from  accumulation 
of  faeces  or  otherwise.  Also,  Enterangiemphraxis. 

ENTEREN'CHTTA,  Enteren'chytes,  from  tv- 
rcpov, 'an  intestine,'  tv,  and  x^'^>  '^  pour.'  Any 
surgical  instrument  for  administering  injections. 
— Scultetus. 

ENTEREPIPLOCELE,  Enteroepiplocele. 

ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LE,  from  tvrt- 
pov,  'intestine,'  f7tnT\oov,  'omentum,'  opi(pa)\os, 
'navel,'  and  KrjXtj,  'rupture.'  Hernia  of  the  um- 
bilicus, with  protrusion  of  the  omentum  and  in- 
testine. 


ENTERHELCOSIS 


340 


ENTEROMOEPHIA 


ENTERHELCOSIS,  Enterelcosis— e.  Nervosa, 
Typhus  (abdominal.l 

'E:STE'RRYFEnTROVE.'IA,Hypertroph'iain- 
testitio'rum,  from  cvrspov,  'intestine,'  and  hyper- 
trophia,  'excessive  nutrition.'  Hypertrophy  of 
'the  coats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTERIC,  Intestinal. 

ENTER'ICA,  from  ivrcpov,  'an  intestine.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  alimentary  canal.  Order  I., 
Class  I.  (Oceliaca),  of  Good.  Also,  medicines 
affecting  the  alimentary  canal. 

ENTERICUS,  Intestinal. 

ENTERIQUE,  Intestinal. 

ENTERITE  FOLLICULEUSE,  see  Typhus 
— e.  Typhohemique,  Typhoid  fever. 

ENTERI'TIS,  from  zvTtpov,  'an  intestine,'  and 
itin,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
intestines.  Empres'ma  Enteri'tis,  Intestino'rum 
inflamma'tio,  Ileo-eoU'tis,  Chordap'suK,  Cauma 
Enteritis,  Enterophlog" ia,  EtiteropJiIogo'sis,  Co' - 
lica  acuta  seu  injiamraato'ria,  IV ens  inflnmmato'- 
rivs,  Enteral'gia  acn'tn  seu  Inflammato'ria,  Fe- 
bris  intestino'rum  seu  ili'aca  injiammato' ria,  En- 
lerop'yra,  (F.)  Enterite,  Inflaramation  des  Intestins. 
The  essential  symptoms  of  this  disease  are : — 
violent  abdominal  pain,  increased  on  pressure; 
with  vomiting  and  inflammatory  fever.  Enteritis 
may  affect  both  the  peritoneal  and  the  mucous 
coat  of  the  intestines  ;  and,  in  violent  cases,  all 
the  coats  may  be  implicated.  The  structure  of 
the  mucous  and  peritoneal  coats  is  different:  so 
are  their  functions  in  health  and  disease.  The 
inflammation  of  the  serous  coat,  Sero-enteritis, 
resembles  that  of  the  cellular  membrane;  the 
inflammation  of  the  mucous  coat,  that  of  the  skin. 
The  former  is  usually,  therefore,  of  a  more  active 
character.  Inflammation  of  the  mucous  coat, 
Eso- enteri'tis,  Endo- enteri'tis,  Mitco- enteri'tis, 
Mucous  Enteritis,  PMegmymeni'tis  enter'ica,  is 
generally  attended  with  diarrhoea,  and  its  patho- 
logy is  identical  with  that  of  dysentery.  Inflam- 
mation of  tb-e  peritoneal  coat  is,  on  the  other 
hand,  generally  attended  with  constipation. 

Enteritis  of  the  peritoneal  coat,  for  such  usually 
is  the  meaning  of  the  word  in  the  abstract,  re- 
quires the  most  active  treatment.  Copious  bleed- 
ing, followed  up  by  a  large  dose  of  opium  —  and, 
if  the  symptoms  be  not  decidedly  ameliorated, 
repeating  the  bleeding  and  opium — warm  fomen- 
tations, and  blisters,  are  the  chief  agents  to  be 
relied  upon.  Purgatives  ought  not  to  be  exhibited 
until  the  inflammation  and  spasm  are  abated  by 
the  use  of  the  bleeding  and  opium.  When  the 
physician  is  called  early,  this  plan  will  usually 
succeed.  Sometimes,  Enteritis  passes  into  a  chro- 
nic state,  requiring  much  careful  management. 
Broussais  considered  inflammation  of  the  mucous 
coat  of  the  stomach  and  intestines  as  the  proxi- 
mate cause  of  the  phenomena  of  fever. 

Enteritis  Arthritic  a,  Coeliagra  — e.  Coliea, 
Colitis  — e.  Epiploitis,  Epiploitis  —  e.  Follicular, 
Typhoid  fever  —  e.  Folliculosa,  see  Typhus  —  e. 
Mesenterica,  Mesenteritis— e.  Mucous,  see  Ente- 
ritis— e.  Pustulosa,  Dothinenteritis. 

EN'TERO,  from  tvrcpov,  'an  intestine,' in  com- 
pound words  signifies  intestine,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing : — ■ 

ENTEROBRO'SIS,  Enterorrlex'is,  Perfora'tio 
Intestino'rum,  (F.)  Perforation  des  Intestins,  from 
tvTi.pov,  'an  intestine,'  and  0pu)atg,  'the  act  of 
gnawing.'     Perforation  of  the  intestines. 

Er»;TEROC'ACE,  Dysente'ria  pn'trida  seu  fy- 
pho'des  seu  scorhu'tica  seu  malig'na,  from  evrepov, 
'an  intestine,'  and  KaKo;,  'evil/  Adynamic  dy- 
sentery, accompanied  by  phenomena  indicating  a 
pseudo-membranous  and  gangrenous  state  of  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  large  intestine. 

ENTEROCE'LE,    Hernia    intestina'lis,    from 


tvTtpov,  'an  intestine,' and  KrjXjj,  'a  hernia,'  'tu- 
mour.' Abdominal  hernia,  which  contains  only 
a  portion  of  intestine,  is  so  called. 

ENTERO - CEPHALOPYRA  INFANTUM, 
Hydrocephalus  Internus. 

ENTEROCCE'LICUS,  from  svrepov,  'intestine,' 
and  Koi\ia,  'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  Relating 
to  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

EN'TERO-COLI'TIS,  (F._)  Ent^ro-colite,  from 
tvTcpov,  '  intestine,' and  co?iVi«,  'inflammation  of 
the  colon.'  Inflammation  of  the  small  intestine 
and  colon. 

ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE,  from  ivrtpov,  'an  in- 
testine,' KvrTTii,  'a  bladder,'  and  kv^v,  'a  tumour.' 
Hernia  formed  by  the  bladder  and  a  portion  of 
intestine. 

ENTERODAR'SIS,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine,' 
and  Sapais,  'skinning.'  Excoriation  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  intestines. 

ENTERODOTHIENIA.  Dothinenteritis. 

ENTERODYNIA,  Enteral_gia. 

ENTERO -EPIPLOCE'LE,  Enter  epiploce'le, 
Her'nia  intestina'lis  omenta'lis,  from  evrepov,  '  in- 
testine,'trrt-Aoov,  'the  omentum,'  and  Kri^rj,  'tu- 
mour.' Hernia,  formed  by  intestine  and  omen- 
tum. 
_  ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS,  from  evrepov, 
'intestine,'  fmn'kQov,  'the  omentum,'  and  oftcba'Xos, 
'the  umbilicus.'  Umbilical  hernia,  containing 
intestine  and  omentum.  Almost  all  umbilical 
hernise  are  of  this  kind. 

ENTEROG'RAPHY,  Enterogra'phia,  from  ev- 
repov,  '  intestine,' and  ypa(pri,  'description.'  The 
part  of  anatomv  which  describes  the  intestines. 

ENTERO-HyEMORRHAGIA,  HEematoehezia. 

ENTEROHELCOSIS,  Enterelcosis. 

ENTERO-HYDROCE'LE,  from  evrepov,  'in- 
testine,' 'vd(jt>p,  'water,'  and  Kr}\r!,  'tumour.'  In- 
testinal hernia  complicated  with  hydrocele. 
_  ENTERO-HYDROM'PHALUS,  from  ivrepov, 
'intestine,'  'vSwp,  'water,'  and  ofi^a^os,  'the  na- 
vel.' Umbilical  hernia,  in  which  the  sac  contains, 
along  with  a  portion  of  intestine,  a  quantity  of 
serum. 

ENTERO-ISCHIOCE'LE,  from  cvtcoov,  'in- 
testine,' t(T)(^tov,  'ischium,'  and  KrjXri,  'tumour.' 
Ischiat'ic  hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

ENTEROLITHI'ASIS,  from  evrspov,  'intes- 
tine,' and  \tSiacns,  'the  formation  of  stone.'  The 
formation  of  concretions  in  the  intestines. 

ENTEROLITHUS,  Calculi  of  the  stomach  and 
intestines — e.  Bezoardus,  Bezoar  —  e.  Scybalum, 
Scybala. 
_  ENTEROL'OGY,  Enterolog"ia,  from  tvrcpov, 
'intestine,'  and  Xoyo;,  'a  discourse.'  The  part 
of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTEROMALA'CIA,  Enteromalax'is,  (F.) 
RamoUissement  de  I'Intestin,  from  cvTcpov,  'an  in- 
testine,' and  naKaaaiji,  'I  soften.'  Softening  of  the 
mucous  or  other  coats  of  the  intestine. 

ENTEROMALAXIS,  Enteromalacia. 

ENTEROMANTIS,  En_gastrimyth. 

ENTERO-MEROCE'LE,  from  zvrepov,  'intes- 
tine,' fjinpos,  'the  thigh,'  and  Kti\ti,  'tumour.'  Cru- 
ral hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

ENTERO-MESENTER'IC,  Entero-mesenter'- 
icus,  (F.)  Entero-mesenterique,  Relating  to  the 
intestine  and  mesentery. 

ENTERO-MESENTER'ICA  FEBRIS.  MM. 
Petit  and  Serres  have  given  this  name  to  the 
typhoid  form  of  adynamic  fever,  in  which  the  in- 
testines are  ulcerated,  with  enlargement  of  the 
corresponding  mesenteric  glands.     See  Typhus. 

ENTER0-3IESENTERITE,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica— e.  3Iesenterite  typhoide,  see  Typhus. 

ENTEROMOR'PHJA  COMPRES'SA.  One 
of  the  algse,  used  by  the  Sandwich  Islanders  as 
an  esculent. 


ENTER  OMPHALOCELE 


341 


ENTOPHYTIC 


ENTEROMPHALOCELE,  Enteromphalus. 
E'STEROM'FRALVS, Enteromjihciloce'le,  from 
tvTCfjov,  'intestine,' and  ofi<pa\og,  'umbilicus.'  Um- 
bilical bernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

ENTEROMYCODORI'TIS,  from  cvrt^ov,  'in- 
testine,' jivKOi,  'slime,'  iof)a,  'skin/  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  intestines. 
EN'TEROX,  Intestine. 

ENTEROPARAL'YSIS,  EnieropU'gia,  Pa-^ 
fol'i/sis  intestino'rum,  from  evrcpov,  '  intestine, 
Tapa\va-ig,  'paralysis.'  Paralysis  of  the  intestines. 
ENTEROPARISAGOGE,  Intussusceptio. 
E'NTEROPATHI'A,  Enterop'athji.  from  tvrcpov, 
'intestine,'  and  -ados,  'disease.'  Disease  of  the 
intestines  in  general. 

Enteropathi'a  CanCERO'sA,  Enteroscir'rhus, 
Enterosteno'sis  tcirrho'sa  seu  organ' ica,  Entero- 
snreo'min,  Indura'iio  seu  Scirrhus  seu  Cancer  seu 
Carcino'ma  Intestino' rum,  (F.)  Cancer  des  Intes- 
tins.     Cancer  of  the  intestines. 

ENTEROPERIS'TOLE,  EnterospMg'ma,  Her- 
nia incarcera'ta,  Jncarcera'tio  intestino'rum,  from 
evTcpov,  'intestine,'   and   7r£pio-rtA>u,  'I  contract.' 
Constriction  or  obstruction  of  the  intestines,  from 
a  cause  which  acts  either  within  the  abdomen, 
or  without  it,  as  in  stransjulated  hernia. 
ENTEROPHLOGIA,  Enteritis. 
EXTEROPHLOGOSIS,  Enteritis. 
ENTEROPHTHI'SIS,from  ei'npov,  'intestine,' 
and  (pQi<7is,  'consumption.'     Consumption  of  the 
bowels.     Consumption  owing  to  suppuration    in 
the  intestines. 

ENTEROPHYMATA,  Tubereula  intestino- 
rum. 

EN'TEROPLASTY,  En'teroplas'tice,  from  ev- 
Tspov,  'intestine,' and  rXao-o-u,  'I  form.'     A  plastic 
operation  for  the  restoration  of  an  intestine. 
ENTEROPLEGIA,  Enteroparalysis. 
EXTEROPYRA,  Enteritis.     Also,  entero-me- 
senteric  fever,  Enteropijrie. — Alibert. 

Enteropyra  Asiatica,  Cholera  —  e.  Biliosa, 
Fever,  bilious. 

ENTERORRHAG"IA,  from  tvrzpov,  '  intes- 
tine,'and  payri,  'violent  rupture.'  Hemorrhage, 
or  excessive  discharge,  from  the  bowels. 
Enterorrhagia  SnrPLEX,  Hasmatoehezia. 
ENTERORRHA'PHIA,  Entcror'rliapU,  from 
EVTtpov,  'intestine,'  and  pac/if?,  'a  suture.'  Suture 
of  the  intestines,  for  the  relief  of  injuries  done  to 
them. 

ENTERORRHEU'MA,  SJieumatii'nms  Intesti- 
no'rum, from  tvTcpov,  'intestine,'  and  pevjia,  'de- 
fluxion,  rheumatism.'  Rheumatism  of  the  intes- 
tines. 

ENTERORRHEXIS,  Enterobrosis. 
ENTERORRHCEA,  Diarrhcea,  Melsena. 
ENTEROSARCOCE'LE,  from  cvrcpov,  'intes- 
tine,' <7ap^,  'flesh,'  and  Kri'Xri,  'a  tumour.'     Intes- 
tinal hernia,  complicated  with  fleshy  excrescence, 
or  rather  sarcoeele. 

ENTEROSARCOMIA,  Enteropathia  eance- 
rosa.. 

ENTEROSCHEOCE'LE,  Enteroschoce'le,  from 
IVTS.POV,  'an  intestine,'  o(r;]^£ov,  'the  scrotum,'  and 
Kt{\ri,  '  tumour.'  Scrotal  hernia  consisting  of  in- 
testine. 

ENTEROSCIRRHUS,  Enteropathia  eance- 
rosa. 

ENTERO'SES,  from  cvrtpov,  'an  intestine.'    A 
class  of  diseases,  comprehending  all  those  that 
_  are  seated  in  the  iatestines. — Alibert. 
ENTER0SPHIG:MA,  Enteroperlstole. 
ENTEROSTENO'SIS,  from  evrepov,  'intestine,' 
and  err£i/(j(Tif,  '  stricture.'    Stricture  or  constriction 
of  the  intestines.     See  Ileus. 

Enterostenosis  VoLvoLus,  Ecus  —  e.  Orga- 
nica,  Enteropathia  eancerosa  —  e.  Scirrhosa,  En- 
teropathia cancerosa. 


ENTEROTOME,  Enterot' omits,  from  ivrepov, 
'intestine,'  and  rcpvw,  'I  cut.'  A  name  given  by 
J.  Cloquet  to  an  instrument  for  promptly  opening 
the  intestinal  canal  through  its  whole  extent.  It 
consists  of  a  pair  of  scissors,  one  blade  of  which 
is  much  longer  than  the  other,  and  rounded  at  its 
extremity.     This  is  passed  into  the  intestine. 

ENTEROTOM'IA,  Enterot'omy,  same  etymon. 
In  anatomy,  it  signifies  dissection  of  the  intes- 
tines.    In  surgery,  it  means  an  operation,  little 
used,  which  consists  in  opening  the  intestines,  in 
order  to  evacuate  the  fsecal  matters  accumulated 
in  it;  for  example,  in  certain  cases  of  hernia,  ac- 
companied   with    contraction    of    the   intestinal 
canal;  in  operations  for  an  artificial  anus,  per- 
formed on  the  now-born,  where    the   rectum   is 
imperforate  or  not  existing,  &c. 
ENTEROTOMY,  Enterotomia. 
ENTEROTYPHUS,  see  Typhus. 
ENTEROZOA,  Worms. 

ENTERYDROCE'LE,  EnteroJiydroce'le,  from 
evTcpov,  'intestine,'  'vSuip, '  water,'  and  Kr/Xr],  'rup- 
ture.'    Intestinal  hernia  with  hydrocele. 
EXTHELMINTHES,  Worms. 
ENTHEOMANIA,  Demonomania. 
ENTHLA'SIS,  EnjMa'sis,  IlHs'io,  from  ev,  'in,' 
and  &\a(i),  '  I  break.'     A  fracture  of  the  cranium, 
with  comminution,  in  which  the  bone  is  depressed, 
or  has  lost  its  level. 

EsTHLASis  Cranii,  EfFractura  Cranii. 
ENTITE,  Entity. 

EN'TITY,  En'titas.  (F.)  Entite;  from  ens,entis, 
'a  being.'  The  being  or  essence  of  anything. 
It  has  been  used  somewhat  vaguely,  in  modern 
French  medicine  more  especially,  to  signify  ap- 
parently a  general  or  essential  disease,  the  nature 
and  seat  of  which  cannot  be  determined. — 
Nysten. 

ENTOCELE,  Ectopia. 

Entoce'le  Lentis.  Dislocation  of  the  crys- 
talline into  the  anterior  chamber  of  the  eye. 

ENTOGONYAN'COX,  Genu  varum,  Calf  knee, 
^  leg,  from  cvto;,  'within,'  yovv,  'the  knee,'  and  • 
nyKiavt'a.  bend.'     Bending  of  the  knees  inwards. 
The    state    of    being   knock-kneed,    or   in-kneed. 
(Prov.)  Knap-kneed,  (So.)  Nule-kneed. 

ENTOHYALOID  MUSC^,  see  Metamor- 
phopsia. 

ENTONIA,  Tension,  Tonic  spasm. 
ENTONIC,  Enton'icus,  from  cv,  denoting  ex- 
cess, and  Tovos,  'tone.'     Having  great  tension  or 
exaggerated  action. 

ENTONNOIR,  Calix,  Infundibulum  — e.  du 
Ventricule  Moyen  du  Cerveaii,  Infundibulum  of 
the  brain. 

ENTOPARASITES,  Worms. 
ENTOPHTHAL'MIA,  from  tt/rof,  'within,'  and 
o(j)Qa\pia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'    Ophthalmia 
affecting  the  interior  of  the  eye. 

EN'TOPHYTE.  EntojA'yton,  {■{>[.  Entoph'yta,) 
from  tvTog,  'within,'  and  ipvrov,  '  a  vegetable.'  A 
vegetable  parasite,  and  especially  one  growing  ia 
the  interior  of  the  body.  The  following  are  the 
chief  entophytes  : — 

Al<fa of  the  mouth. 

Achorion  Schonlcinii....  in  Porrigo  favosa. 

Achorion  Lehertii in  Porrigo  scutulata. 

MicroKporoyi  Audouini.  in  Porrigo  decalvans. 

Mycoderm of  Plica  Polonica. 

" of  Mentagra. 

"        of  Muguet. 

"        ofulcerated  and  mucous 

surfaces. 

Sarcina  ventriculi of  the  stomach. 

Torula  "  " 

ENTOPHYT'IC,  Entophyt'icus,  same  etymon. 
Of  or  belonging  to  an  entophyte,  —  as  '  an  onto- 
phytic  growth.' 


ENTOPTERYGOID 


342 


EPERVlilRE 


ENTOPTERYGOID,  see  Pterygoid. 

ENTOP'TIC,  Entop'tiem,  from  tvTOi,  '  within,' 
and  oiptg,  'vision.'  Relating  or  appertaing  to  the 
vision  of  objects  within  the  organ  of  sight, — as 
of  the  bloodvessels  of  the  retina. 

ENTORSE,  Sprain. 

ENTOSTHETHIDIA,  Entrails. 

ENTOSTHIA,  Entrails. 

ENTOSTOSIS.  Enostosis. 

ENTOTORRHCEA,  Otirrhoea. 

ENTOTOZ^NA,  Ozsena. 

ENTOXICISMUS,  Poisoning. 

ENTOXISMUS,  Poisoning. 

ENTOZOA,  (sing.  Entozoon,)  Worms. 

ENTOZOAIRES,  Worms. 

ENTOZOARIA,  Worms. 

ENTOZOOUENESIS,  Helminthiasis. 

ENTOZOON  EOLLICULORUM,  Acarus  Fol- 
liculorum. 

ENTRAILLES,  Entrails. 

EN'TRAILS,  Splanchna,  Encce'Ua,  Vis'cera, 
Entosthid'ia,  Entoa' thia,  Entosthethid' ia,  Intera'- 
nea,  from  enteralia,  a  word  of  bad  Latin,  coming 
from  evTipov,  '  intestine.'  It  is  used  for  the  vis- 
cera enclosed  in  the  splanchnic  cavities,  and  es- 
pecially for  those  in  the  abdomen  ;  Botcels,  Guts, 
(F.)  Entrailles,  Visceres.  Exta  has  had  this 
latter  signification,  but  it  was  most  frequently 
used  by  the  ancients,  as  by  Pliny,  for  the  thoracic 
viscera. 

ENTREFESSON,  Chafing. 

ENTRICHO'MA,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  rpix'^pia, 
(&pi|,  Tpi-)(oi,)  'hair.'  The  tarsal  cartilage,  and 
the  edge  of  the  eyelids,  in  which  the  cilia  are 
implanted. 

ENTROP'ION,  Entrop'ium,  from  tv,  '  in,'  and 
TpEJTCi),  *  I  turn.'  Inver'sio  palpehra'rum,  Capillit"- 
ium,  Trichiasis,  Introsuscep' tio  seu  Blepliaropfo'- 
sis  entropium,  Blep)harelo'sis,  Tri'chia,  Tricho'sis. 
A  name  given  to  the  inversion  or  turning  inwards 
of  the  eyelids,  so  that  the  eye-lashes  are  directed 
towards  the  globe  of  the  eye;  irritate  and  in- 
flame it,  and  give  rise  to  the  aifection  called 
Trichi'asis. 

The  contact  of  the  hair  with  the  surface  of  the 
eye  occasions  considerable  irritation  of  the  con- 
junctiva, which  is  soon  followed  by  chemosis, 
ulceration  of  the  eye,  and  other  symptoms,  such 
as  fever,  watchfulness,  &c. 

If  the  disease  be  entropion,  as  above  defined, 
that  is,  dependent  upon  the  inversion  of  the  eye- 
lids, it  must  be  remedied,  —  either  by  dispersing 
the  oedema  or  swelling  of  the  eyelids,  or  by  cut- 
ting out  a  portion  of  the  skin.  When  the  disease 
is  dependent  on  a  vicious  direction  of  the  cilia, 
they  must  be  plucked  out  and  the  bulbs  be  cau- 
terized. 

ENTROPIUM,  Entropion. 

ENTYP03IS,  see  Glene. 

ENUCLEA'TION,  Enuclea'tio,  from  e^indeare, 
enucleatuvi,  (e,  and  nucleus,)  '  to  take  out  a  ker- 
nel.' This  term  has  been  proposed  for  the  opera- 
tion of  removing  tumours,  &o.,  without  cutting 
into  them. — Percy. 

The  word  is  used  in  Pharmacy  for  the  opera- 
tion of  shelling  or  removing  th«  kernels  of  any 
nut. 

ENULA  CAMPANA,  Inula  Helenium. 

ENU'LON,  from  tv,  '  in,'  and  ovXov,  '  the  gum.' 
The  inner  part  of  the  gums.  The  external  part 
was  called  ov\ov,  and  that  between  the  teeth  apuos. 
—Pollux. 

ENURE'SIS,  from  tvovpcu),  (cv,  and  ovpeu),)  'I 
void  the  urine  in  bed.'  Paru'ria  incon'tinens, 
IncoiUinen'tia  uri'nm,  Exore'tio  Urinm  involun- 
ta'ria  seu  inopportn'na,  Mic'fio  involunta'ria, 
Uracra'tia,  Urorrhoe'a,  Perirrhoe'a,  Strangii'ria, 
(Galen,)  Ain'schu'ria,  Hyperure' sis,  Diam'rtes, 
Involuntary  discharge  of  urine,  Incontinence  of 


urine.  This  affection  is  most  common  in  advanced 
life.  It  may  depend  on  too  great  irritability  of 
the  bladder,  or  on  distension,  or  injury  of  the 
fibres  about  its  neck,  paralysis  of  the  organ, 
Cysto-paraly'sis,  Cysto-ple'gia,  the  presence  of 
an  irregularly  shaped  calculus  impacted  in  the 
urethra  near  its  commencement ;  rupture  of  the 
bladder  and  urethra;  renal  disease  ;  or  on  pres- 
sure exerted  on  the  bladder  by  the  distended 
womb  or  by  a  tumour.  It  often  occurs  after  dif- 
ficult labour,  but  generally  yields,  in  the  course 
of  a  week  or  ten  days ;  the  catheter  being  intro- 
duced twice  a  day  in  the  mean  time. 

The  treatment  must  of  course  vary  according 
to  the  cause;  and  when  the  affection  on  which  it 
is  dependent  cannot  be  removed,  the  discharge 
of  urine  may  be  prevented  by  exerting  a  degree 
of  compression  on  the  urethra,  by  means  of  ap- 
propriate instruments ;  or  a  urinal  may  be  em- 
ployed to  receive  the  urine  as  it  passes  off. 

ENVIE,  Hangnail,  Malacia,  Nsevns  —  e.  de 
Vomir,  Nausea. 

ENYPNION,  Somnium. 

ENYSTRON,  Abomasus. 

ENZOOTIA,  Enzooty. 

ENZOOTY,  Enzoot'ia,  (F.)  Enzootic,  from  tv, 
'  in,'  and  ^wov,  '  animal.'  An  endemic  disease  at- 
tacking animals. 

EP,  EPH,  EPI,  IT,  c<p,  cTTi,  'upon,  above;'  in 
composition,  generally  means,  'augmentation, 
addition,  increase,  reciprocal  action,  repetition.' 
Hence  : 

EPACMAS'TICOS,  from  tm,  and  ax/ia^o),  'I 
increase.'  An  epithet  applied  to  fevers,  Febres 
ei^acmas'ticcB,  whose  symptoms  go  on  augmenting 
in  violence,  from  the  commencement  to  the  ter- 
mination. Such  fevers  are,  also,  called  Epanu- 
didon'tes. 

EPAGOGIUM,  Phimosis,  Prepuce. 

EPANADIPLOSIS,  Anadiplosis. 

EPANALEPSIS,  Anadiplosis. 

EPANAS'TASIS,  from  iTraviarviu,  'to  cause 
to  rise  up.'  Pustule.  The  formation  of  a  tumour. 
The  breaking  out  of  an  eruption — Erup'tio  exun- 
the'matis.     A  pustule. 

EPANASTEMA,  Exanthem,  swelling. 

EPANCHEMENT,  Effusion 

EPANESIS,  Remission. 

EPANETUS,  Remittent  — e.  Hectica,  Hectic 
fever  —  e.  Malignus  flavus,  Fever,  yellow  —  e. 
Mitis,  Remittent  fever. 

EPANORTHOSIS,  Restauratio. 

EPANTPIEMA,  Exanthem. 

EPANTHISMA,  Exanthem. 

EPAPH^'RESIS,  from  tnaijtaiptU),  (twi,  OKta, 
and  aiptut,  'I  take,'  'I  take  away.'  Repeti'ta 
subla'tio  seu  evacua'tio.  A  repeated  abstraction 
or  evacuation.  It  was  formerly  used  synony- 
mously with  repeated  bloodletting  j  Phlehotom'ia 
itera'ta. — Galen. 

EPAPHRISMOS,  Despumation. 

EPARMA,  Tumour. 

EPARSIS,  Tumour. 

EPAULE,  Humerus. 

EPENCRANIS,  Cerebellum. 

EPENDYMA,  Membrane. 

Epen'dyma  Ventriculo'rum,  En'dyma  seu 
Indumen'tum  ventriculo'mm,  from  t-m,  and  tvbvm, 
(£v,  and  ^uo),)  'I  enter  ;'  hence,  srrevivfia,  '  an  upper 
garment  or  cloak.'  The  lining  membrane  of  the 
ventricles  of  the  brain,  formed  by  a  prolongation 
of  the  pia  mater,  and  probably  also  of  the  arach- 
noid. 

EPERON,  Hippocampus  minor — e.  des  Ar- 
teres.  Spur. 

EPERVIER,  Accipiter. 

EPERVIERE  DES  3IURAILLES,  Hiera- 
cium  murorum. 


EPHEB^ON 


343 


EPICRANIUM 


EPHEB^'ON,  Ephehm'um,  from  etti,  and  'vl^v, 
'pubes.'  The  parts  of  generation:  also,  the  re- 
gion of  the  pubes,  as  well  as  the  hair  upon  the 
pubes.  It  meant,  likewise,  a  part  of  the  ancient 
gymnasium  in  which  the  rhetoricians,  philoso- 
phers, &c.,  disputed. 

EPHEBEUM,  Mons  veneris. 
EPHE'BIA,  Ephehi'a,  Pubertas.     Same    ety- 
uiOi).     The  age  of  puberty. 
EPHEBOSYNE,  Puberty. 
EPHEBOTES,  Puberty. 
^EPHE'BUS,    Pubens,    Puber,    (F.)   Pitbere, 
Ephebe.     One  -who  has  attained  the  age  of  pu- 
berty. 

EPHEDRANA,  Nates. 

EP%IEL'CIS,  from  £irt,  and  ' iXkos,  'an  ulcer.' 
The  crust  or  scab  of  an  ulcer. 
EPHELIBE  SOORBUTIQUE,  Chloasma. 
EPHE'LIDES,  from  t-i,  and  'n^ioi,  'the  sun.' 
Epichro'sis,  3Iae'ula  aola'ris,  JIac'ulce  fusccB  seu 
lenticula' res,  Vitilig"ineii,  Phaci,  Paniuis  lenticu- 
la'ria,  Lentic'ula,  Lenti'go,  Ephelis  Lenti'go  seu 
Lentic'ula  seu  a  sole,  Nigre'do  d  sole  Spilo'sis 
ephelis,  JEsta'tes,  Effila,  Freeldes,  Sunburn, 
(Prov.)  FerniticMes,  Fantickles,  FarnticHes, 
Fernfrechles,  Fanfeckles,  Fornpeckles,  Freckens, 
Murjies,  (F.)  Taches  de  ronsseur,  Hale.  This 
term  includes  not  only  the  yellow  lentigines,  which 
appear  on  persons  of  a  fair  skin,  and  the  larger 
brown  patches,  which  also  arise  from  exposure 
to  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun,  but  also  those  large 
dusky  patches  which  are  very  similar  in  appear- 
ance, but  occur  on  other  parts  .  of  the  surface, 
that  are  constantly  covered.  See  Chloasma. 
They  do  not  extend  farther  than  the  skin.  Many 
cosmetics  have  been  recommended  for  their  re- 
moval. Simple  spirituous  lotions  or  weak  mine- 
ral acids,  applied  a  few  times  in  the  day,  are  as 
effectual  as  any  other  means. 

One,  affected  with  freckles,  is  said  to  he  freckled, 
(Sc.)  Fairntickled,  Fernitickled,  (Prov.)  Fitrn'- 
tickled,  Fan'tickled,  Fernfreckled,  Fornpeckled, 
Freckened,  Jlurjled,  (F.)  Tachete  de  Pousseurs. 

EPHELIS,  see  Ephelides  —  e.  Lentigo,  Ephe- 
lides — e.  d  Sole,  Ephelides. 
EPHELOTES,  Leucoma. 

EPHEM'ERA,  Dla'ria,  from  tm,  and  'nfcpa, 
'  a  day.'  That  which  continues  a  day.  This 
epithet  is  given  to  diseases,  and  particularly  to 
fevers,  which  last  only  a  day. — Febris  dia'ria  seu 
simplex  seu  Ephe'mera,  Ephe>nerop'yra,  Febric'u- 
In,  Ephem'eral,  Bi'ary  or  Simjjle  Fever,  (F.) 
Fievre  ephemere.  The  term  prolonged  ephem' era 
is  sometimes  used  for  fevers,  which  cease  after 
two  or  three  days'  duration. 

Ephemera  Anglica  Pestilens,  Sudor  angli- 
cus — e.  Britannica,  Sudor  Anglicus — e.  Maligna, 
Sudor  Anglicus — e.  Mortifera,  Plague — e.  Pesti- 
lentialis,  Plasue — e.  Sudatoria,  Sudor  Anglicus. 
EPHEMEROPYRA,  Ephemera. 
EPHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 
EPHIALTES  HYPOCHONDRIACA, Incubus 
vigilantium — e.  Nocturnus,  Incubus — e.  Vigilan- 
tiura,  Incubus  vigilantium. 

EPHIDRO'SES,  (G.)  Ephidrosen.  A  divi- 
sion of  the  family  Ekzematosen,  of  Fuchs, 
comprising  morbid  varieties  of  sweating. 

EPHIDRO'SIS,  from  etti,  and '((5poM,  'I  sweat.' 
Hidro'sis,  Idro'sis,  Suda'tio,  Sweating.  Of  old, 
it  meant,  at  times,  a  slight  sweating,  sudatiun'eu- 
'~  la,  of  no  value,  and  of  bad  augury  ;  at  others,  a 
good  and  critical  sweat.  It  has  likewise  been 
used  for  a  copious  sweat. 

EphidroSIS  Profo'sA,  E.  sponta'nea  seu  idio- 
path'iea,  Hijdropede'sis,  Exsada'tlo,  Exudn'tio, 
Hi/perephldro'sis,  Hijperhydro'sis,  Hi/drorrhce'a, 
Hidropede'sis,  (F.)  Flax  de  Sueur.  An  excessive 
sweating.     A  colliquative  sweat.     Such   copious 


perspirations  are  generally  owing  to  debility  of 
the  exhalants,  and  require  the  use  of  tonics, 
especially  of  the  mineral  acids,  opium,  kc. 

Ephidrosis,  Desudatio  —  e.  Cruenta,  Sudor 
cruentus — e.  Saccharata,  Sudor  duleis. 
EPHIPPIUM,  Sella  Turcica. 
EPH'ODOS,  from  ctti,  and  'ohoi,  'a  way,'  'a 
road  or  avenue  to  a  place.'  Hippocrates  uses 
this  word  in  three  senses :  1.  For  the  vessels  or 
canals,  which  give  passage  to  the  excrements  of 
the  body.  2.  For  a  periodica]  attack  or  accession 
of  fever:  and  .3.  For  the  approach  of  similar  or 
dissimilar  things  which  may  be  useful  or  hurtful 
to  the  bodv. — -Castelli. 

EPH'RATA  SPRINGS.  These  are  in  Lan- 
caster County,  Pennsylvania.  The  water  is  pure: 
and  facilities  are  afforded  for  bathing — -warm  and 
cold. 

EPI,  Spica. 

EPI'ALOS,  Hspi'alos,  Quer'cera,    Quer'quera. 
A  name  given  by  the  ancients  to  fever,  when  the 
hot  stage  was  mingled  with  irregular  chills.    Also, 
the  cold  stage  of  fever. 
EPIALTES,  Incubus. 
EPIAMA,  Lenitive. 
EPIAN,  Framboesia. 
EPIBLEMA,  Catablema. 
EPIBOLE,  Incubus. 
EPICANTHIS,  Canthus. 

Epican'this,  from  sjti,  and  kovOo;,  'the  angle 
of  the  eye.'  A  defective  formation,  in  which  a 
fold  of  skin  passes  from  the  root  of  the  nose  over 
the  inner  canthus  of  the  e3'e. 

EPICAR'PIUM,  Pericar'pium,  from  £-(,  and 
KapTzos,  'the  wrist.'     An  application  made  to  the 
wrists,  or  to  the  region  of  the  pulse,  was  so  called. 
EPICAIIMA,  Encauma. 
EPICAUSIS,  Encauma. 
EPICERASTICA,  Emollients. 
EPICHOLOS,  Bilious. 
EPICHORDIS,  Mesentery. 
EPICHORION,  Deeidua. 
EPICHORIUM,  Epidermis. 
EPICHRISIS,  Inunctio. 

EPICHRO'SIS,  Spilo'sis,  from  ctti,  and  xpciia, 
'  colour.'  Simple  discoloration  of  the  surface. — 
Good.     Ephelides. 

Epichrosis  Spilt,  see  Naevus. 
EPICHYSIS,  Affusion. 
EPICCELIDES,  Cilia,  Palpebra  (superior.) 
EPICOS'MASIS,   from   miKoiiiaonai,   (ikl,   and 
KoinaojjiaL,  'to  lie  down  to  rest,'  'to  sleep.')     De- 
cu'bitus  ad  dormien'dum  et  Dorinit"io.     The  po- 
sition of  sleeping,  as  well  as  sleeping  itself. 

EPICOL'IC,  from  c^i,  and  k(i>aov,  'the  colon.' 
The  epicolic  regions,  regio'nes  ejncol'iccB,  are 
those  parts  of  the  abdomen  which  correspond  to 
the  colon. 

EPICOLLESIS,  Agglutination. 
EPICON'DYLE,  Epicon'dylus,  from  es-i,  and 
KovivXog,  'a  condyle.'  A  name  given,  by  Chaus- 
sier,  to  an  eminence  at  the  outer  part  of  the  infe- 
rior extremity  of  the  os  humeri ;  so  called,  be- 
cause it  is  seated  above  the  condyle.  The  epi- 
condyle  gives  attachment  to  the  outer  lateral 
ligament  of  the  elbow  joint,  and  to  a  very  strong 
tendon  to  which  several  of  the  muscles  of  the 
posterior  part  of  the  forearm  are  attached. 

EPICONDYLO-CUBITALIS,  see  Anconeus  — 
e.  Radial,  Supinator  radii  brevis  —  e.  Sns-me.tn- 
earpien,  see  Radialis  —  e.  Sns-phalangetfieu  com- 
nmn.  Extensor  digitorum  communis — e.  Sus-phn- 
langettiendu petit  cZoigri,  Extensor  proprius  minimi 
digiti. 

EPICOPHO'SIS,  fromsTj,  and  /.-w^wa,?,  '  deaf- 
ness.'    Deafness  supervening  on  another  disease. 
EPICRA'NIUM,  from   etti,    and   K^aviov,  'the 
cranium.'    A  name  given  to  different  parts  seated 
on  the  cranium.     The  skin,  aponeurosis  between 


EPICRANIUS 


344 


EPIGASTRIC 


the  occipital  and  frontal  muscles,  and  the  whole 
of  the  scalp,  have  been  so  called.  Portal  in- 
cludes under  this  name  the  occipito-frontalis 
muscle,  pyramidalis  nasi,  and  superior  and  ante- 
rior auriL'ular  muscles.     The  pericranium. 

EPICRANIUS,  Occipito-frontalis. 

EPICRA'SIS,  Oo7i tempera' tio,  from  c-mKcpavvv- 
fii,  (c-i,  and  KtpavvvnL,  '  I  mix,')  '  I  temper.'  A 
term  used  by  the  humourists  for  an  amelioration 
of  the  h amours.  They  called  Cure  by  Epierasis 
— per  epicrasin,  a  mode  of  treatment  by  imagined 
alteratives,  which  they  supposed  to  be  possessed 
of  the  povj'er  of  gradually  correcting  the  vitiated 
humours. 

EPICROUSIS,  Percussion. 

EPICTENIUM,  Pubes. 

EPICTETI  MORBI,  Acquired  diseases. 

EPICYEMA,  Superfojtation. 

EPICYESIS,  Superfoetation. 

EPICYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 

EPIDEISIS,  Deligation. 

EPIDEM'IC,  Epide'mius,  Epidem'iexis,  (F.) 
Epideniique.  Same  etymon  as  Epidemy.  Ap- 
pertaining to  an  epidemy.     An  epidemy. 

Epide.mic  CoNSTiTUTio>f,  Epidemy — e.  Disease, 
Epidemy — e.  Influence,  Epidemy. 

EPIDEMIOITE,  see  Epidemy. 

EPIDEMIC  US,  Epidemy. 

EPIDEMIC  G'  RAPH  Y,  Epidemiograph'ia, 
from  £7:1,  'upon,'  di?/;oy,  'the  people,'  and  ypa(pr;, 
'  a  description.'  A  history  or  description  of 
epidemics. 

EPIDEMIC L'OGY,  Epidemiolog"ia,  from 
epidemy,  and  Xoyoj,  'a  description.'  The  doc- 
trine of  epidemics. 

EPIDE31IQUE,  Epidemy. 

EPIDEMIUS,  Epidemy. 

EP'IDEMY,  Epidem'ic,  Epide'mia,  Ilorhus 
puh'licus  seu  popida'ris  seu  epidem'icus  sou  epi- 
de'mius, Epidcm'io  disease,  E.  influence,  E.  con- 
stitution ;  from  em,  and  5?7/uof,  'the  people.'  (F.) 
Epidemie.  A  disease  which  attacks  at  the  same 
time  a  number  of  individuals,  and  which  is  re- 
ferred to  some  particular  constitutio  aeris,  or 
condition  of  the  atmosphere,  with  which  we  are 
utterly  ignorant.  It  differs  from  endemic,  the 
latter  being  owing  to  locality;  but  it  is  obvious, 
that  should  a  particular  epidemic  consitution  of 
the  air  —  epidemic"ity,  (F. )  epjidemicite — exist 
along  with  a  favouring  endemic  condition,  these 
combined  influences  may  act  in  the  causation  of 
several  of  those  serious  and  fatal  complaints, 
which  at  times  visit  a  district,  and  are  never 
afterwards  met  with,  or  at  least  not  until  after 
she  lapse  of  a  considerable  period. 

EPIDENDRUM  VANILLA,  see  Vanilla. 

EPID'ERIS,  Epider'rhis,  Ejnder'rhion,  Hy- 
pod'eris,  Hypoder'mis,  Hypoder'rhis,  from  c-nt, 
and  &tpas,  'a  skin.'  This  word,  with  some,  means 
the  nymphse ;  with  others,  the  clitoris;  with 
others,  again,  the  prepuce  of  the  clitoris. 

EPIDERMA,  Epidermis. 

EPIDERMATIS,  Epidermis. 

EPIDER'MIC,  Epiderm'ieus,  Epiderm'al,  Epi- 
derma'lis,  (F.)  Epidermiqne :  same  etymon  as 
epidermis.     Belonging  to  the  epidermis, — as 

EPIDERMIC  CELLS,  see  Cell,  epidermic. 

EPIDERMIDON'OSI,  Epidermidonu'si,  from 
fni6tpmi,  '  epidermis,'  and  voaos,  '  disease.'  Dis- 
eases of  the  epidermis. 

EPIDERMION,  Epidermis. 

EPIDER'MIS,  Ejnder'mion,  Epider'matis, 
Epider'ma,  Epiclio'rium,  Smn'niitas  cutis,  Cutic'- 
ula,  G.  ex'tima  seu  extre'ma,  Cutis  extima  seu 
eumma  seu  ul'tima,  Pellis  aumma,  PeUic'ida  sum- 
ma  seu  snpe'rior,  Lam'ina  prima  cutis,  Oper'eu- 
lum.  cutis,  from  ctti,  '  upon,'  and  Scpixa,  '  the  true 


skin.'  Scarf-skin,  Cuticle.  (P.)  Surpeau,  Cuticule. 
A  transparent,  dry,  thin  membrane,  devoid  of 
nerves  and  vessels,  which  covers  all  the  surface 
of  the  body,  except  the  parts  that  correspond  to 
the  nails.  It  appears  to  consist  of  minute  scales, 
placed  one  above  the  other.  Chaussier  considers 
it  to  be  formed  and  reproduced  by  an  excretory 
action  of  the  true  skin  ;  to  act  like  a  dry  varnish, 
which  prevents  the  immediate  contact  of  bodies 
with  the  nervous  papillse,  and  consequently  to 
deaden  tactile  impressions,  which,  without  its  in- 
tervention, might  be  painful.  The  Epider'mic, 
Epider'meous,  or  Epider'moid  (as  Bichat  called 
it)  System,  in  general  anatomy,  comprises  three 
parts.  1.  External  Epidermis.  2.  Epidermis 
spread  over  the  mucous  membranes.  3.  The 
Nails  and  Hair. 

Epidermis  Linguae,  see  Tongue. 

EPIDERMOID,  Epidermal' des,  from  epider- 
mis, and  uios,  '  resemblance.'  Resembling  the 
epidermis. 

EPIDERRHION,  Epideris. 

EPIDERRHIS.  Epideris. 

EPIDERRHITIS,  Nymphitis. 

EPIDESIS,  see  Bandage — e.  Haemostasia,  Li- 
gature. 

EPIDESMIS,  Epidesmus. 

EPIDBSMUM,  Epidesmus. 

'E,VH)'E^Q'M.\]B,Epides'mis,Epides'mum,Snper- 
liga'men,  from  etti,  and  Etio,  'I  bind.'  A  fascia, 
bandage  or  ligature,  by  which  dressings  are  se- 
cured.— Hippocrates. 

EPIDID'YMIS,  from  tir:,  '  upon,' and  ^i^u/ioj, 
'  a  testicle.'  Epidid'ymus,  Did'ymis,  Paras'tata, 
Testic'idus  accesso'rius,  Caput  testis,  Corp}is  vari- 
co'sum.  seu  varicifor'me  testis,  Supergemina'lis, 
(F.)  Corpus  variqueux  ou  variciforme.  That  which 
is  placed  upon  the  testicle.  A  small,  oblong,  ver- 
miform, grayish  body,  lying  along  the  superior 
margin  of  the  testicle.  The  Epididymis  is  a 
canal  formed  by  the  union  of  all  the  seminiferous 
vessels  folded  several  times  vipon  themselves, 
after  having  traversed  the  Co7-pus  Highmoria'- 
iium.  Its  lower  portion  or  tail,  Cauda  seu  globus 
seu  capiut  minor,  is  curved  upwards,  and  is  con- 
tinuous with  the  vas  deferens  ;  the  opposite  ex- 
tremity is  called  the  head,  g'^ofeffs  a&ucapiut  major. 
The  length  of  this  canal,  folded  as  it  is  upon  it- 
self and  describing  numerous  curvatures,  is,  ac- 
cording to  Munro,  32  feet. 

EPIDIDYMITIS,  Parastatitis  —  e.  Blennor- 
rhagie.  Hernia  humoralis. 

EPID'OSIS,  from  etti,  'upon,' and  SiEiafxi,  'to 
give.'  Augmentation,  increase.  A  word  applied 
to  the  natural  increase  of  the  body,  or  to  the  in- 
crease of  a  disease. 

EPID'ROME,  Epidrom'ia,  Ejv'pJi'ora,  from 
£77ii5()£^a),  (ETTi,  and  ipsfiw,  'I  run,') 'I  run  upon.' 
An  afiiux  or  congestion  of  humours. — Galen. 

EPIDROMIA,  Epidrome. 

EPIFAGUS  AMERICANUS,  Orobanche  Vir- 
giniana — e.  Virginianus,  Orobanche  Vivainiann. 

EPIG^'A  (properly  EPIGE'A)  RE  PENS, 
(etti,  'upon,'  and  yi?,  'the  earth,'  from  its  trailing 
growth.  )  Trailing  Ar'butns,  Ground  Laurel, 
Mayfloioer,  called,  by  the  Shakers,  Gravelplant. 
A  small,  trailing  plant,  of  the  Family  Ericacece, 
which  grows  in  sandy  woods,  or  in  rocky  soil, 
especially  in  the  shade  of  pines.  Its  flowers 
appear  in  early  spring,  and  exhale  a  rich,  spicy 
fragrance.  The  leaves  and  stems  are  prepared 
and  used  like  uva  ursi. 

EPIGASTRAL'GIA,  from  epigastrium,  and 
aXyof,  'pain.'     Pain  at  the  epigastrium. 

EPIGAS'TRIC,  Epigas'tricus,  Epigas'trivg, 
from  EOT,  'upon,'  and  yaoT)?p,  '  the  stomach.'  This 
name  has  been  given  to  several  parts. 

Epigastric  Ab'tery,  Arte'ria  epigas'trica, 
Artere  sus-pubienne,   (Ch.)      It  arises  from  the 


EPIGASTRICUS 


S45 


EPILEPSY 


externaliliac,  on  a  level  with  the  crural  arch  ; 
sometimes  by  a  trunk  proper  to  it,  at  others  by 
one  common  to  it  and  the  Obturator  artery.  It 
ascends  upwards  and  inwards,  behind  the  sper- 
matic cord,  follows  the  outer  edge  of  the  rectus 
abdominis  muscle,  and  anastomoses,  towards  the 
umbilicus,  with  the  internal  mammary.  The 
epigastric  artery  anastomoses,  also,  with  the  ob- 
turator, spermatic,  lumbar,  and  intercostal  ves- 
sels. 

Epigastric  Region,  Rerjlo  epigas'trica  seu  ear- 
di'aca  seu  stomach' ica  seu  stomacha'Hs,  is  the 
superior  region  of  the  abdomen,  comprised  be- 
tween the  false  ribs  on  each  side,  and  extending 
from  the  lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm  to  two 
fingers'  breadth  above  the  umbilicus.  It  is 
divided  into  three  parts,  one  middle,  the  epigas'- 
irium, — and  two  lateral,  the  hi/poehoii'dria. 

Epigastric  Vein  follows  nearly  the  same  course 
as  the  artery. 

EPIGASTRICUS,  Epigastric. 

EPIGAS'TRIUM.  Same  etymon.  The  belly; 
the  epigastric  region. 

EPIGASTRICUS,  Epigastric. 

EPIGASTROCE'LE,  from  ewt,  yaornp,  '  the  sto- 
mach,' and  KtiXn,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia,  formed  by 
the  stomach ;  Gas'troce'le.  This  name  has  been 
given  more  especially  to  hernia,  which  occurs  to- 
wards the  upper  part  of  the  linea  alba  or  in  the 
epigastric  region,  whether  formed  or  not  by  the 
stomach. 

EPIGEA,  Epigsea.. 

EPIGENEMA,  Epigenesis. 

EPIGEN'ESIS,  from  evt,  and  ycveai?,  'genera- 
tion.' A  theory  of  conception,  according  to  which 
the  new  being  is  created  entirely  anew;  and  re- 
ceives at  once  from  each  parent  the  materials 
necessary  for  its  formation.  Also,  a  new  forma- 
tion. 

Epigenesis,  as  well  as  Epigene'ma,  or  Epigen- 
ne'ma,  is,  also,  applied  to  any  symptom  occurring 
during  a  disease,  without  changing  its  nature. 
An  accessory  symptom.  Epiginom'enos,  Sup)er- 
ve'niens,  has  a  similar  acceptation. 

EPIGINOMENOS,  see  Epigenesis. 

EPIGLOT'TIC,  Eplglot'ticus :  same  etymon 
as  Epiglottis.     Relating  to  the  epiglottis. 

Epiglottic  Gland,  Periglot'tia,  Caro  glandu- 
lo'sa.  A  collection  of  small,  glandular  granula, 
situate  in  the  adipose,  areolar  texture  at  the 
base  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  epiglottis,  in  a 
triangular  space,  bounded  anteriorly  by  the  thy- 
ro-hyoid  membrane  and  thyroid  cartilage.  It 
pours  out  an  unctuous  and  mucous  fluid,  which 
lubricates  the  epiglottis,  keeps  it  supple  and 
movable,  and  prevents  the  larj'nx  from  being 
irritated  by  the  constant  passage  of  the  air,  in 
the  act  of  respiration. 

EPIGLOT'TIS,  from  OT,  and  yAurnj,  'the  glot- 
tis.' Epiglot'tlc  cartilage,  Lig'idri,  Operculum 
laryn'gis.  Lingua  Ex'igua,  Lin'gula  fi.s'tulcB,  Suh- 
lin'gnum,  Snperlig'ida.  A  tibro-cartihxge,  situate 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  larynx,  behind  the  base 
of  the  tongue.  Its  form  is  oval ;  texture  elastic; 
thickness  greater  below  than  above,  and  greater 
in  the  middle  than  at  the  sides.  By  its  smaller 
extremity,  which  is  the  lower,  it  is  attached  to 
the  thyroid  cartilage;  its  two  surfaces  are  covered 
by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx  and 
"larynx.  The  special  use  of  the  epiglottis  would 
seem  to  be  to  cover  the  glottis  accurately  at  the 
moment  of  deglutition,  and,  thus,  to  assist  in  op- 
posing the  passage  of  alimentary  substances  into 
the  air  tubes. 

EPIGLOTTI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Epiglot'tidis, 
Angi'na  epiglottide'a,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  I'Epi- 
glotte.     Inflammation  of  the  epiglottis. 

EPIGLOT'TUM.     An  instrument,  mentioned 


by  Paracelsus,  for  raising  the  eyelids.  It  resem- 
bled the  epiglottis  in  shape. 

EPIGLOU'TIS,  from  £7rt,and  yXoi-ro;,  '  the  but- 
tocks.' The  superior  region  of  the  nates. — 
GorriBus. 

EPIGNA'THUS,  from  tm,  'upon,'  and  yvaBos, 
'the  jaw.'  A  double  monster,  in  which  an  incom- 
plete foetus  is  rooted,  with  its  blood  vessels  in  the 
palate  of  one  more  complete. 

EPIG'ONE,  Gone,  Hgpopli'yuis,  Progen'ies, 
Proles,  Soh'oles,  Sub'oles,  from  ettj,  and  yov^-j, 
'  sperm.'  Offspring.  Progeny.  Also,  Superfoe- 
tation. 

EPIGONION,  Foetus. 

EPIGONIS.  Patella. 

EPIGONON,  Superfoetation. 

EPIGOUNIS,  Patella. 

EPIGUNIS,  Patella. 

EPILATOIRE,  Depilatory. 

EPILATORIUM,  Depilatory. 

EPILEMPSIS,  Epilepsy. 

EPILENTIA,  Epilepsy. 

EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy  — e.  Acuta  Infantum, 
Eclampsia  —  e.  Algetica,  see  Algos  —  e.  Febrilis 
infantum.  Eclampsia — e.  Nocturna,  Incubus — e. 
Puerilis,  Eclampsia  infantum — e.  Saltatoria,  Cho- 
rea— e.  Uterina,  Lorind  matricis. 

EPILEPSIE,  Epilepsy— e.  Uterine,  Hysteria 
— e.  Vertige,  see  Epilepsia. 

EP'ILEPSY,  'tepr;  vovtTos,  ceXrjvaia  rovaos,  Epi- 
lep'sia,  Epilej/sis,  Ej^Hempi'sia,  Ep>ilen'tio,  St/s- 
jia'aia  Epilepsia,  Catalen'tia,  Deciden'tia,  Pas'aio 
cadi'va,  Heracle'us  morbus,  Hieran'osus,  Depre- 
hen'sio,  Clonos  epilep'sia,  Prehen'sio,  Perdit"io, 
Epilep'tica  pas'sio.  Morbus  comit''ialis  seu  cadu'- 
cus  seu  Hercide' us  seu  sacer  seu  astra'Hs  seu 
sidera'tus  seu  darnoni'acus  seu  Sancti  Johan'nia 
seu  foedus  seu  pueri'lis  seu  magntis  seu  major  seu 
interlu'nius  seu  divi'niia  seu  damo'nius  seu  son'- 
ticus  seu  aeleni' acus  seu  lunat'iciis  seu  7nensa'lis 
seu  deif'icua  seu  sceles'tus  seu  viiriola'tus  seu 
viridel'lus  seu  Sancti  Vcdenti'ni,  Malum  cadu'- 
cum,  Analep'sia,  Catapto'sis,  Insa'nia  cadi'va, 
Apoplex'ia  parva,  Cadu'ca  pas'sio,  Lues  divi'na, 
Vit'ium  cadu'cum  seu  divi'num  seu  Hcrcule'um, 
Falling  sickness.  Falling-down,  (Old  E.)  Falland- 
evyl,  (F.)  Mai  caduc  ou  divin  ou  Saint-Jean  ou 
de  Terre,  Hautmal,  Goutte  cadnque.  The  word 
is  derived  from  £Tn.\ajj.jiavfii,  'future,'  nriXn^'o, 
[mi,  and  ^.a/iPavui,  '  1  seize,')  'I  seize  upon.'  It  is 
a  disease  of  the  brain,  which  may  either  be  idio- 
pathic or  symptomatic,  spontaneous  or  accidental, 
and  which  occurs  in  paroxysms,  with  uncertain 
intervals  between.  These  paroxysms  are  cha- 
racterized by  loss  of  consciousness  and  by  con- 
vulsive motions  of  the  muscles.  Frequently,  the 
fit  attacks  suddenly;  at  other  times,  it  is  pre- 
ceded by  indisposition,  vertigo,  and  stupor.  At 
times,  before  the  loss  of  consciousness  occurs,  a 
sensation  of  a  cold  vapour  is  felt,  hence  called 
aura  epilep'tica.  This  appears  to  rise  in  some 
I  part  of  the  body,  proceeds  towards  the  head  ; 
and  as  soon  as  it  has  reached  the  brain  the 
j  patient  falls  down.  The  ordinary  duration  of  a 
I  fit  is  from  5  to  20  minutes.  Sometimes  it  goes 
I  ofi"  in  a  few  seconds;  at  others,  it  is  protracted 
I  for  hours.  In  all  cases,  there  is  a  loss  of  sensa- 
tion, sudden  falling  down,  distortion  of  the  eyes 
and  face;  countenance  of  a  red,  purple  or  violet 
colour;  grinding  of  the  teeth;  foaming  at  the 
mouth  ;  convulsions  of  the  limbs  ;  difficult  respi- 
ration, generally  stertorous  ;  with,  sometimes, in- 
voluntary discharge  of  ffeces  and  urine.  After 
the  fit,  the  patient  retains  not  the  least  recol- 
lection of  what  has  passed,  but  remains,  for 
some  time,  affected  with  head-ach,  stupor,  and 
lassitude. 

The  disease  is  in  the  brain,  and  is  generally 


EPILEPTIC 


346 


ei*iphVte 


organic;  but  it  may  be  functional  and  sympto- 
matic of  irritation  in  other  parts,  as  in  the  sto- 
mach, bowels,  &e.  The  prognosis,  as  to  ultimate 
recovery,  is  unfavourable.  It  does  not,  however, 
frequently  destroy  life,  but  is  apt  to  lead  to  men- 
tal imbecility.  Dissection  has  not  thrown  light 
on  its  pathology. 

To  the  attacks  of  epilepsy  which  are  unaccom- 
panied by  convulsions,  as  is  sometimes  th«  case, 
the  French  give  the  name  Petit-mal,  and  IJpi- 
lepsie  Vertige,  Cer'ehral  Epilepey.  Fully  formed 
epilepsy  is  the  Grand-mal  of  the  French,  Spinal 
Epilepsy.  When  furious  mania  succeeds  to  a 
paroxysm,  it  is  termed  Mania  e])ileptica  and 
Epileptic  Delirium. 

In  the  treatment,  the  cause  must  be  sought 
after,  and  if  possible  removed.  In  the  paroxysm, 
but  little  can  be  done ,  but  as  the  tongue  is  liable 
to  be  injured  by  the  teeth,  the  jaws  may  be  kept 
open  by  putting  a  cork  or  piece  of  wood  between 
them.  If  the  fit  has  been  brought  on  by  indi- 
gestible food,  the  stomach  must  be  cleared.  It 
is  between  the  paroxysms  that  the  great  effort 
must  be  made.  Generally,  there  is  considerable 
irritability  and  debility  of  the  nervous  system, 
and  hence  tonics  have  been  found  the  best  reme- 
dies. Of  these,  perhaps  the  most  powerful,  in 
epilepsy,  is  the  argenti  nitras,  given  regularly 
and  continued  for  months,  if  necessary.  Prepa- 
rations of  iron,  copper,  and  zinc,  have  also  been 
used,  and  vegetable  tonics  and  antispasmodics  in 
general.  Counter  irritants,  as  blisters,  moxa, 
&c.,  may  be  employed,  if  necessary,  along  with 
this  course. 

Unfortunately,  in  many  cases,  these  means  are 
found  insufficient,  and  all  that  can  be  done  is  to 
palliate,  removing  carefully  the  exciting  causes; 
such  as  the  use  of  spirituous  liquors,  strong  emo- 
tions, violent  exercise,  &c.;  and  regulating  the 
diet. 

Epilepsy,  Cbrkbeal,  see  Epilepsy — e.  Spinal, 
see  Epilepsy. 

EPILEP'TIC,  Epilep'ticua,  Epilep'tus,  Lunat'- 
icus,  Cadu'cans;  same  etymon.  One  affected 
with  epilepsy.  Any  thing  relating  to  epilepsy ; 
as  an  epilep'tic  individual;  an  epilep'tic  symp- 
tom. Some  authors  also  speak  of  epileptic  reme- 
dies. 

EPILEP'TOID,  Einleptoi'des;  same  etymon. 
Resembling  epilepsy — as  '  epileptoid  symptoms.' 

EPILO'BIUM  ANGUSTIFO'LIUM,  (from 
eirt,  Xo|3ou,  and  lov,  'a  violet  on  a  pod,')  Great  Willow 
herb.  An  indigenous  plant.  Order,  Onagracese, 
which  flowers  in  July.  The  root  is  emollient  and 
slightly  astringent. 

Epilobidm  Colora'tdm,  Purple-veined  Willow 
herb,  has  similar  properties. 

Epilobium  Villo'sum,  a  South  African  plant, 
is  used  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  as  a  domestic 
remedy  for  cleansing  foul  ulcers. 

EPIM'ANES,  from  t-atnaivo^ai,  {e-m,  and  fiaivo- 
fiai,  '  I  am  in  a  rage  at.')  A  name  given  to  a  ma- 
niac when  in  a  paroxysm. 

EPIMELE'TAI,  from  cffi/isXto/iai,  {m,  and 
/tcXo),  'I  take  care,')  'I  take  care  of.'  A  name  by 
which  the  ancient  Persians  called  the  eurers  of 
toonnds,  who  followed  their  armies. 

EPIMOR'IOS,  'unequal;'  from  tiri,  and  jxugia, 
'1  divide.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the  pulse  when 
unequal. — Galen. 

EPINARD,  Spinacia — e.  Sauvage,  Chenopo- 
dium  bonus  Henricus. 

EPINE,  Spine  —  e.  de  Cerf,  Rhamnus  —  &.  du 
Dos,  Vertebral  column — e.  Guttiirale,  Nasal  spine, 
inferior  and  posterior — e.  Sphenoidale,  Sphenoi- 
dal spine — e.  Vinette,  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 
EPINEMESIS,  Dispensation. 


EPINEPH'ELOS,  Nubilo'sus.  Presenting  a 
cloud.     Applied  to  the  urine. — Hippocrates. 

EPINEUX,  Spinous  —  e.  du  Dos,  grand,  Spi- 
nalis dorsi  major :  see  Interspinales  dorsi  et  lum- 
borum  —  e.  du  Dos,  petit,  see  Interspinales  dorsi 
et  lumborum. 
EPINGLE,  Pin. 
EPINTERE,  Spinal. 
EPINOTION,  Scapula. 

EPINYC'TIDES,    from   £77«,    and   vvl,    vvktos,   . 
'  the  night.'    Eruptions  which  appear  on  the  skin 
in  the  night,  and  disappear  in  the  day.     Pus' tula 
livens  et  noc'tibus  inquie'tans. — Pliny. 

EPINYCTIS  PRURIGINOSA,  Urticaria. 

EPIONE,  Decidua. 

EPIPAROXYS'MUS.  A  paroxysm  super- 
added to  an  ordinary  paroxysm. 

EPIPASTUM,  Catapasma. 

EPIPE'CHU,  mnrixM,  from  tm,  and  ir^j^uf) 
'the  elbow.'  The  upper  part  of  the  elbow.  The 
part  above  the  elbow. — Gorrseus. 

EPIPEPHYCOS,  Conjunctiva. 

EPIPH^NOM'ENON,  Post  appa'rena,  Epi- 
phenom'enon;  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Any 
kind  of  adventitious  symptom  which  occurs 
during  the  progress  of  an  affection ;  and  which 
is  not  as  intimately  connected  with  the  existence 
of  the  disease  as  the  symptoms  properly  so  called. 

EPIPHA'NIA,  from  £-1,  and  (paivoi,  'I  exhi- 
bit.' The  external  appearance  of  the  body. — 
Castelli. 

EPIPHEGUS  VIRGI-NIANA,  Orobanche 
Virginiana. 

EPIPHENOMENON,  Epiphsenomenon. 

EPIPH'LEBUS,  from  tn,  and  ^Xsi//,  (pXclict, 
'a  vein.'  An  epithet  given  to  those  whose  veins 
are  very  apparent. — Hippoc,  Aretseus. 

EPIPHLEGIA,  Inflammation. 

EPIPHLOGISMA,  Erysipelatous  inflamma- 
tion. 

EPIPHLOGOSIS,  Hyperphlogosis. 

EPIPH'ORA,  Dacryno'ma,  Lacryma'tio,  De- 
lacryma'tio,  Illacryma'tio,  Stillieid'ium  lacryma'- 
rum,  Oc'idus  lac' ry mans ;  from  eirKpepii),  {em,  and 
0£p(<),) 'I  carry  to.'  Weeping.  {'E.)  Larmoiement. 
The  watery  eye;  —  an  involuntary  and  constant 
flow  of  tears  upon  the  cheek.  It  is  almost  alwaj-s 
symptomatic  of  some  disease  of  the  lachrymal 
passages,  and  occurs  when  the  tears  cannot  pass 
into  the  ductus  ad  nasum.  Occasionally,  it  is 
owing  to  the  tears  being  secreted  in  too  great 
quantity  ;  as  in  certain  cases  of  ophthalmia.  The 
treatment  must  of  course  be  directed  to  the  re- 
moval of  the  cause. 

Epiphora,  Epidrome,  Ophthalmia — e.  Alvi, 
Diarrhoea — e.  Ptyalismus,  Salivation. 

EPIPHYMATA,  Cutaneous  diseases. 

EPIPH'YSTS,  Additamen'tum,  from  en,  and 
(pvu),  '  I  arise.'  Any  portion  of  a  bone,  separated 
from  the  body  of  the  bone  by  a  cartilage,  which 
becomes  converted  into  bone  by  age.  The  epi- 
physis of  the  foetus  becomes  the  apophysis  of  the 
adult. 

Epiphysis  Cruris  Lokgioris  Incudis,  Os  or- 
biculare. 

EP'TPRYTE, Epiph'yton,  (pi.  Epiph'yta,)  from 
cTTt,  and  (pvTov,  'a  plant.'  Phyto-parasite.  A 
parasite  derived  from  the  vegetable  kingdom. 
Epiphytes  are  divided  by  Vogel  into,  1.  Vegeta- 
tions in  the  human  fluids,  as  the  tor'ula  cerevis'ica 
in  vomited  fluids,  and  faecal  evacuations,  and  the 
sar'cina  ventric'uli.  2.  Vegetations  on  the  ex- 
ternal skin  and  its  appendages,  as  in  tinea  favosa, 
mentagra,  herpes  tonsurans  and  plica  polonica; 
and,  3.  Vegetations  on  the  mucous  membrane, — 
as  in  the  aphthae  of  children  ;  in  the  cicatrices  of 
the  mucous  membrane  after  typhus,  &a.  By 
some,  the  term  epiphytes  is  restricted  to  those 


EPIPLASMA 


347 


EPISIONCUS 


vegetable  parasites  which  grow  on  tho  surface  of 
the  body. 

EPIPLAS'MA,  from  e7:t7T\aaaii>,[nn,  and  r^aacb), 
'I  smear,')  'I  plaster.'  Cataplasm.  Galen  uses 
it  especially  for  an  application  of  wheaten  flour, 
boiled  in  hydrelcBuni,  and  applied  to  wounds. 

EPIPLE'GIA,  from  tn-i,  and  n^rjyrj,  'a  stroke.' 
Paralysis  of  the  upper  extremities. 

EPIPLERO'SIS,  from  tm,  and  rrMpuiais,  're- 
pletion.'    Excessive  repletion  ;  distension. 

EPIP'LOCE,  from  nrt,  and  jtAcko),  'I  twine.' 
Coition.     Entanglement. 

Epip'loce  Intestina'lis,  Conglomera' tio  i'n- 
testino'rum.     Conglomeration  of  the  intestines. 

EPIPLOCE'LE,  from  epiploon,  and  Kri\tj,  'tu- 
mour.' Epip'loic  ker'nia,  Zirha'lis  hernia,  Her- 
nia omenta'lis,  Omental  hernia,  (F.)  Hernia  de 
Vepiploon.  Omental  hernia  is  recognised — but  at 
times  with  difficulty  —  by  a  soft,  unequal,  pasty 
tumour,  in  which  no  gurgling  sound  is  heard  on 
pressing  or  reducing  it.  It  is  less  dangerous  than 
hernia  of  the  intestines. 

EPIPLO-ENTEROGE'LE,  from  epiploon,  tv- 
Tepov,  'intestine,'  and  KrjXr),  'tumour.'  Hernia, 
formed  by  the  epiploon  and  a  portion  of  intes- 
tine. It  is  more  commonly  called  En'tero-epi- 
•ploce'le. 

EPIPLOENTEROOSCHEOCE'LE,  Epiplo- 
enteroschoce'le,  from  epi2)loon,  evrtpov,  'intestine,' 
oaxcov,  'scrotum,'  and  (ci/Aj;,  'rupture.'  Hernia 
with  omentum  and  intestine  in  the  scrotum. 

EPIP'LOIC,  Ep>iplo'icus.  Relating  to  the 
epiploon. 

Epiploic  Appendages,  Appendiculse  pingue- 
dinosEe. 

Epiploic  Ar'teries;  Arte'ricB  EpiploHccB. 
The  arterial  branches,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  epiploon,  and  which  are  given  off  by  the  gas- 
tro-epiploic£e.  _ 

EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LE,  from  epiploon,  laxi- 
ov,  'the  ischium,'  and  ktiXtj,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia 
formed  by  the  epiploon  through  the  ischiatic 
notch. 

EPIPLOI'TIS,  from  epiploon,  and  itis,  deno- 
ting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  omen- 
tum ;  Omenti'tis,  Empresma  peritonitis  omenta'lis, 
Omenti  infiamma' tio,  Enteri'tis  epiplo'i'tis,  Omen- 
te'ais.     A  form  of  partial  peritonitis. 

EPIPLOMEROCE'LE,  from  epiploon,  /xripos, 
'the  thigh,'  and  k»;A>?,  'a  tumour.'  Femoral  her- 
nia, formed  by  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOMPHALOCELE,  Epiplomphalon. 

EPIPLOM'PHALON,  E2nplodm'phalon,  Epi- 
plomphaloce'le,  Hernia  iimbilica'lis,  from  e^ji- 
ploon,  and'op(pa\og,  'the  navel.'  Umbilical  hernia, 
formed  by  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOM'PHRASIS,  from  epiplooti,  and  efx- 
(ppaaao),  '1  obstruct.'    Induration  of  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES,  from  epiploon,  and 
KOfit^iii,  'I  carry.'  One  who  has  the  omentum 
morbidly  large.  Also,  one  labouring  under  epi- 
plocele. 

EPIP'LOON,  ^joipVounj,  from  t-m,  'above,' and 
ttXeci),  'I  swim  or  float.'  Omen' turn,  Bete,  Retic'- 
ulwnj  Dertron ;  Zirhus,  Gan'game,  Gangamum, 
Operimen'tnm  inteatino'rum,  Saceus  epiploicus, 
Sage'na,  The  Caul,  (Prov.)  Flich,  Web.  A  pro- 
longation of  the  peritoneum,  which  floats  above 
a  portion  of  the  intestines,  and  is  formed  of  two 
membranous  layers,  with  vessels  and  fatty  bands 
distributed  through  it.  Anatomists  have  de- 
scribed several  epiploons.  The  uses  of  the  omen- 
tum are  but  little  Isnown.  The  chief  one  seems 
to  be,  to  retain  the  viscera  in  situ,  and  to  give 
passage  to  vessels. 

Epiploon,  Colic,  Oolic  Omen'tum,  Omentum 
co'licum,  Third  Epiploon  or  Omentum,  is  a  dupli- 
cature  of  the  peritoneum,  situate  along  the  as- 


cending portion  of  the  colon,  as  far  as  its  junc- 
tion with  the  transverse  portion.  It  is  behind 
the  great  epiploon,  and  fills  up  the  angle  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  ascending  with  the  trans- 
verse colon.  Its  two  laminse  are  separated  by 
colic  arteries  and  veins. 

Epiploon,  Gastro-Colic,  Great  Omentum, 
Omentum  gastro-co'licum  sen  majus,  PeritoncB'um 
duplica'ttim,  Jiete  majus,  Zirhus  adipi'nus,  con- 
sists of  an  extensive  duplicature,  which  is  free 
and  floating  on  the  folds  of  the  intestines.  It  is 
quadrilateral,  and  longer  on  the  left  side  than  on 
the  right:  —  its  base  being  fixed,  anteriorly,  to 
the  great  curvature  of  the  stomach;  and,  poste- 
riorly, to  the  arch  of  the  colon.  It  is  formed  of 
two  laminae,  each  consisting  of  two  others.  In 
this  epiploon  a  number  of  vessfels  is  distributed, 
and  there  is  much  fat. 

Epiploon,  Gastro-Hepatic,  Lesser  Omentum, 
Omentum  hep' ato-gas' trictim  seu  minus,  ilemhra'- 
na  macilen'tior,  is  a  duplicature  of  the  peritoneum, 
which  extends  transversely  from  the  right  side 
of  the  cardia  to  the  corresponding  extremity  of 
the  fissure  of  the  liver,  and  downwards  from  thig 
fissure  to  the  lesser  curvature  of  the  stomach,  the 
pylorus  and  duodenum.  Below  it  is  the  foramen 
or  hiatus  of  Winslow;  and  between  its  laminae 
are  lodged  the  biliary  and  hepatic  vessels.  It 
contains  but  little  fat.  If  air  be  blown  in  at  the 
foramen  of  Winslow,  the  cavity  or  sac  of  the  omen- 
tum, Sac'cus  PeritoncB'i  retroventricula'ris,  JBursa 
omenta'lis,  will  be  rendered  perceptible. 

Epiploon,  Gastro- Splenic,  Gastro-  Splenic 
Omentum,  Omentum  Gastro-sple' nicum.  A  reflec- 
tion of  the  peritoneum,  which  passes  between  the 
concave  surface  of  the  spleen  and  the  stomach, 
from  the  cardiac  orifice  to  near  its  great  curva- 
ture, and  which  lodges  the  vasa  brevia  and 
splenic  vessels  between  its  laminae. 

EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS,  from  epiploon, 
nap^,  aapKo;,  'flesh,'  and  on^paXos,  'the  navel.' 
Umbilical  hernia,  formed  of  indurated  omentum. 

EPIPLOSCHEOCE'LE,  Epiploschoce'le,  from 
epiploon,  oax^v,  'the  scrotum,' and /o?^;?,  'tumour.' 
Scrotal  hernia,  formed  by  a  displacement  of  the 
epiploon. 

EPIPLOUM,  Epiploon. 

EPIPNOIA,  AfiBatus. 

EPIPORO'MA,  from  tTrnttopoo},  (tTn,  and  rupou),) 
'Iharden.'  A  tophaceous  concretion  which  forms 
in  the  joints.     The  callus  of  fracture. 

EPIR'RHOE,  Epirrhoe'a,  from  e-ni,  and  petit, 
'I  flow.'  Aflux  or  congestion  of  humours. — 
Hippocrates. 

EPIRRHCEA,  Epirrhoe. 

EPISARCIDIUM,  Anasarca. 

EPIS'CHESIS,  Retention;  from  C7niTxu>,  'I 
restrain.'     A  suppression  of  excretions. 

EPISCHET'ICUS;  same  etymon.  Sistens, 
Reji'rimens,  Co'hihens.  'Restraining.'  An  agent 
that  diminishes — secretion,  for  example. 

EPISCHION,  Abdomen,  Pubes,  Pubis  os. 

EPISCOPALES  VALVULE,  Mitral  valves. 

EPISEIOjST,  Pubis  (os).  Vulva,  Labium  Pu- 
dendi,  Tressoria. 

EPISEMA'SIA,  from  cviartfiatrw,  {mi,  and  cnim, 
'a  sign,')  'I  afford  some  sign.'  Sema'sia.  It  has 
been  used  synonymously  with  sign,imdL  also  with 
the  invasion  of  an  attack  of  fever.  See  Annotatio. 

EPISIOCELE,  see  Hernia,  vulvar. 

EPISKEDE'MA,  from  tviatiov,  (modern.)  'the 
labium  pudendi,'  and  oiSrj/ia,  'oedema.'  Qildema 
of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISiOI'TIS,  from  maciov,  'the  labium  pu- 
dendi,' and  itis,  denoting  'inflammation.'  In- 
flammation of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISION,  Episeion. 

EPISION'CUS,   Episiophy'ma,   from    srrmciov, 


EPISIOPHYMA 


3  18 


EPITHELIUM 


(modern,)  'the  labium  pudendi,'  and  oyKo;,  'a, 
tumour.'  Tumor  labio'riim.  A  swelling  or  tu- 
mour of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISIOPHYMA,  Episioncus. 

EPISIORRHAGr"IA,  from  eTrto-stoi',' the  labium 
pudendi,'  and  payrj, '  rupture.'  Hemorrhage  from 
tne  labia  pudendi. 

EPISIOR'RHAPHY,  Episiorrhaph'ia,  from 
tviauuv,  'tiie  labium  pudendi,'  'the  vulva,'  and 
pa'pri,  '  suture.'  An  operation  practised  in  cases 
of  prolapsus  uteri,  Tvhich  consists  in  paring  the 
opposing  surfaces  of  the  labia  pudendi,  bringing 
them  togettier  and  uniting  them  by  suture,  so  as 
to  diminish  the  outlet  of  the  vulva. 

EPISPA'DIA;  Hyperspa'dia ;  same  etymon 
as  the  next.     The  condition  of  an  Epispadias. 

EPISPA'DIAS,  Epispadia' us,  Atiaspa' dias, 
Aiianjjadice'ns,  Hypersjja'dias,  Hyperspadics' us, 
from  tKi,  'above,'  and  crnau,  'I  draw.'  The  op- 
posite to  Hypospadias.  '  One  who  has  a  preter- 
natural opening  of  the  urethra  at  the  upper  part 
of  the  penis. 

EPISPAS'^TICS,  Epispas'tica,  Ves'icanfs, 
Helc'tica,  (F.)  Epispastiqites  ;  same  etymon.  An 
epithet  for  every  medicinal  substance  which, 
when  applied  to  the  sliin,  excites  pain,  heat,  and 
more  or  less  redness,  followed  by  separation  of 
the  epidermis,  which  is  raised  up  by  effused  serum. 
Cantharides  and  mustard  are  epispastics.  See 
Blister,  and  Derivative. 

EPISPASTICUM,  Blister. 

EPISPASTIQUES,  Epispastics. 

EPISPASTUM,  Catapasma. 

EPISPH  J3'RIA,from  £7r£,and(T0a(pa,  'asphere.' 
Some  physiologists  have  applied  this  term  to  the 
different  convolutions  and  sinuosities  presented 
by  the  external  surface  of  the  brain. 

EPISPHAGISMOS,  Signature. 

EPISPLENITIS.  see  Splenitis. 

EPISTACTIS'CHBSIS,  from  epistaxis,  and 
i(T^£iv,  'to  restrain'.'  Arrest  of  bleeding  from  the 
nose. 

EPISTAPHYLINI,  see  Azygos  Muscle. 

EPIS'TASIS,  Insiden'tin,  from  cm,  and  oratij, 
'I  rest.'  A  substance  which  swims  at  the  sur- 
face of  urine.  It  is  opposed  to  the  hypostasis  or 
sediment.  Epistasis  has  also  been  employed 
synonymously  with  suppression. 

EPISTAX'IS,  from  ciri,  and  (ttu^u,  'I  flow  drop 
by  drop.'  HcB)norrha(j"ia  acti'va  na'rium,  H. 
narin'ea  seu  na'rium,  Epistnx'is  junio'rum  seu 
arterio'sa,  Hce.morrhin'iu,  HcBmorhiiiorrhag"ia, 
HcBmatis'nius,  Ghoanorrhag"  ia,  Rhi  iiorrhag"  in, 
StilHcid'ium  seu  Stilla'tio  Sang'uinis  e  nar' ibus, 
Hem' orrhage  from  the  pitu'itary  membrane,  Bleed- 
ing at  the  nose,  Nosebleed,  (F.)  Hemorrhagie 
nasale,  Saignement  dti  nez,  Hemorrhinie.  This  is 
one  of  the  most  common  varieties  of  hemorrhage; 
the  organization  of  the  Schneiderian  membrane 
being  favourable  to  it,  as  the  blood-vessels  are 
but  slightly  supported.  It  does  not  generally 
flow  from  both  nostrils,  and  is  very  apt  to  recur. 
Puberty  is  the  period  at  which  it  is  most  common. 
Its  exciting  causes  are:  —  any  thing  that  will 
induce  local  congestions,  as  running,  coughing, 
blowing  the  nose,  &c.,  provided  there  be  a  pre- 
disposition to  it.  A  common  case  of  epistaxis  re- 
quires but  little  treatment,  especially  if  in  a 
young  person.  Light  diet  and  a  dose  or  two  of 
the  sulphate  of  magnesia  will  be  sufficient.  In 
more  severe  attacks,  cold  and  astringent  washes 
of  alum,  sulphate  of  zinc,  weak  sulphuric  acid, 
or  creosote,  may  be  used,  and  the  nostrils  be 
plugged  anteriorly;  but  if  the  bleeding  goes  on 
posteriorly,  the  posterior  nares  must  be  plugged 
likewise,  —  the  patient  being  kept  with  the  head 
raised.  The  flow  of  blood  has  been  arrested  by 
directing  the  patient  to  stand  up  with  his  head 


elevated,  compressing  the  nostril  whence  the 
blood  flows  with  the  finger,  raising  the  corre- 
sponding arm  perpendicularly,  and  holding  it  in 
this  position  for  about  two  minutes.  A  less 
vigorous  circulation  through  the  carotids  appears 
to  result  from  the  increased  force  required  to 
carry  on  the  circulation  through  the  upper  ex- 
tremities when  raised.  —  Negrier.  To  prevent 
the  recurrence,  strict  diet  must  be  inculcated. 

EPISTER'NAL,  Episterna'lis,  from  fTri,  and 
arepvov,  '  the  sternum.'  An  epithet  applied  to  two 
bones  which  form  part  of  the  sternum,  and  are 
situate  upon  its  superior  and  lateral  part.  In  the 
young  subject,  they  are  attached  to  the  sternum 
by  a  synovial  membrane,  and  a  fibrous  capsule. 
Tiiey  have  somewhat  the  appearance  of  the  pisi- 
form bones,  but  are  of  a  greater  size. 

According  to  Professor  Owen,  the  piece  of  a 
segment  of  an  articulate  animal,  which  is  imme- 
diately above  the  middle  inferior  piece  or  sternum. 

EPISTHOT'ONOS,  from  a^iae^v,  'forwards.' 
and  T£ivo),  '  I  extend.'  A  spasm  of  the  muscles, 
drawing  the  body  forwards.  The  word  emproa- 
thotonos  is  more  commonly  employed. 

EPISTROPHE,  Relapse. 

EPISTROPHEUS,  Axis. 

EPISTROPHUS^Axis. 

EPISYNAN'CHE,  (am,  and  synanche  or  cynan- 
che,)  Episynangi'na.  A  Greek  word,  used  by  a 
modern  writer  for  spasm  of  the  pharynx,  by 
which  deglutition  is  prevented,  and  the  solid  and 
liquid  food  driven  back  towards  the  mouth  or 
nasal  fossae. 

EPISYNTHET'IC,  Episynthet'icus,  from  CTri- 
(TvvTi^rjfii,  (eti,  aw,  and  Tidijin,)  '  to  collect,  accu- 
mulate.' The  name  of  a  medical  sect,  whose  ob- 
ject it  was  to  reconcile  the  principles  of  the  Me- 
thodists with  those  of  the  Empirics  and  Dogma- 
tics. Leonides  of  Alexandria  seems  to  have  been 
one  of  the  first  partisans  of  this  sectj  of  which 
we  know  little. 

EPIT'ASIS,  from  siri,  and  raveiv,  'to  extend.' 
The  period  of  violence  of  a  fever,  {Febris  ■inten'- 
sio,)  attack  or  paroxysm;  sometimes  it  is  used  iu 
the  same  sense  as  epistasis,  for  'suppression,' 

EPITELIUM,  Epithelium. 

EPITHE'LIAL,  Epithelia'lis ;  same  etymon 
as  epithelium.  Appertaining  or  relating  to  the 
epitlielium, — as  epithelial  cells,  and  scales. 

Epithelial  Cancer,  Cancroid  of  the  sJcin, 
Epithelio'ma,  Carcino' ma epithelio'des,  is  a  morbid 
growth  of  epithelial  cells;  forming  an  epiithelial 
tumour,  which,  by  some,  is  regarded  as  carci- 
noma.    See  Cancroid. 

EPITHELIOMA,  Epithelial  cancer. 

EPITHE'LIUM,  Ejnte'lium,  E2)iihe'lis,  E]}!- 
the'lia,  Endepiderm'is,  frdm  mi,  and  ^riXri,  'a 
nipple.'  The  thin  layer  of  epidermis,  which 
covers  parts  deprived  of  derma,  properly  so 
called,  —  as  the  nipple,  mucous  membranes,  lips, 
&c.  Modern  histological  researches  have  shown 
that  it  exists,  in  diWereniiovms,  pavement,  cylinder, 
and  vibratile  or  ciliated  e2yithelinm,  I'esselated, 
pavement,  scaly,  lamel'lar,  iu'bular,  or  Jlatt.'ened 
epithelium.  Epithelium  polyed'ricxim,  and  E.  la- 
mello' sum,  (F.)  Epithelium pavimentexix,  covers  the 
serous  and  synovial  membranes,  the  lining  of 
blood-vessels,  and  the  mucous  membranes,  except 
where  cylinder  epithelium  exists.  It  is  spread 
over  the  mouth,  pharynx  and  oesophagus,  con- 
junctiva, vagina,  and  entrance  of  the  female 
urethra.  Cylinder,  Colum'nar  or  Prismat'ic  epi- 
thelium, Epithe'lium  cylin'dricum,  (F.)  Epithelium 
cylindrique  is  found  in  the  intestinal  canal, 
beyond  the  cardiac  orifice  of  the  stomach;  in  the 
larger  ducts  of  the  salivary  glands  ;  in  the  ductus 
communis  choledochus,  prostate,  Cowper's  glands, 
vesiculae  seminales,  vas  deferens,  tubuli  uriniferi. 


EPITHEM 


349 


EQUIVOROUS 


and  urethra  of  the  male;  and  lines  the  urinary 
passages  of  the  female,  from  the  orifice  of  the 
urethra  to  the  beginning  of  the  tubuli  uriniferi 
of  the  kidneys.  In  all  these  situations,  it  is  con- 
tinuous with  tesselated  epithelium,  which  lines 
the  more  delicate  ducts  of  the  various  glands. 
For  the  uses  of  the  ciliated  ejyithelium,  Epithe- 
lium vibrans,  see  Cilia. 

Mr.  Bowman  has  applied  the  term  spheroidal 
to  a  variety  of  epithelium,  the  cells  of  which,  for 
the  most  part,  retain  their  primitive  roundness,- 
or,  being  flattened  where  they  touch,  acquire  a 
polyhedral  figure.  At  times,  these  show  a  dis- 
position to  pass  into  the  columnar,  or  the  tesse- 
lated variety;  and,  hence,  this  form  has  been 
called  the  transit" ional.  The  spheroidal  epithe- 
lium is  found  in  the  urinary  passages,  where  it 
succeeds  the  columnar  epithelium  of  the  urethra 
at  the  internal  orifice  of  that  canal,  and  lines  the 
whole  of  the  bladder,  ureters  and  pelves  of  the 
kidneys.  It  is  found,  also,  in  the  excretory  ducts 
of  the  mammary,  perspiratory,  and  of.  many 
raucous,  glands;  and  a  modification  of  it  lines  the 
inmost  secreting  cavities  or  commencing  ducts  of 
glands  generally. 

EP'ITHEM,  Epith'ema  or  Epithe'ma,  from  evt, 
and  TiSijiit,  '  I  put.'  This  term  is  applied  to  every 
topical  application,  which  cannot  be  classed 
either  under  ointments  or  plasters.  Three  sorts 
of  epithems  have  been  usually  distinguished, — 
the  liquid,  dry,  and  soft,  which  comprise  fomen- 
tations, hags  filled  with  dry  substances,  and  eata- 
pilasms. 

EPITH'ESIS.  Same  etymon.  The  rectifica- 
tion of  crooked  limbs  by  means  of  instruments. 

EPITHYM'I^,  from  eti,  and  %of,  'desire.' 
Morbid  desires  or  longings. 

EPITHYMIAMA,  Fumigation. 

EPITHYMUM,  Cuscuta  epithymum  — e.  Offi- 
cinarum,  Cuscuta  Europasa. 

EPITROCH'LEA,  from  zm,  and  rpoxaXia,  <  a. 
pulley.'  {¥.)  Epitrochlee.  That  which  is  situate 
above  a  pulley.  Chaussier  gives  this  name  to  the 
unequal,  round  protuberance  situate  on  the  inside 
of  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus  above  its 
articular  trochlea.  It  is  the  part  usually  called 
the  inner  or  lesser  condyle  of  the  humerus.  From 
it  originate  several  muscles  of  the  forearm,  to 
which  it  has  given  part  of  their  names,  according 
to  the  system  of  Chaussier. 

EPITROCHLO-CARPI-PALMATRE,  Pal- 
maris  longus — e.  Gahito-carpien,  see  Cubital  mus- 
cles— i.  Iletacarpien,  Palmaris  magnus — e.  Pha- 
langinien  commim,  Flexor  sublimis  perforatus  — 
e.  Radial,  Pronator  radii  teres. 

EPIZO'A,  (sing.  Epizo'on),  {'F.)  Epizo'dires,  Ec- 
toparasites, from  an,  and  ^uov, '  an  animal.'  Para- 
sitic animals,  which  infest  the  surface  of  the  body, 
or  the  common  integument. 

EPIZOO'TIA,  Epizooty,  (F.)  Epizoote.  Same 
etymon.  A  disease  which  reigns  amongst  ani- 
mals. It  corresponds,  in  the  veterinary  art,  to 
epidemy  in  medicine. 

EPIZOOT'IC,  Epizoot'icus,  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  an  epizooty,  —  as  an 
' ejnzootic  aphtha.' 

EP'OCHE,  from  tin,  and  txij),  'to  have  or  to 
hold.'  Doubt,  suspension  of  judgment — Suspen'sa 
senten'tia.  Sometimes  employed  in  the  same 
sense  as  epischesis  or  suppression. 

EPOCHETEUSIS,  Derivation. 

EPODE,  Incantation. 

EPO'MIS,  Superhumera'le,  from  cm,  and  (a/xog, 
'the  shoulder.'  The  acromion.  The  upper  part 
of  the  shoulder. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

EPOMPHALICUM,  Epomphalium. 

EPOMPHALION,  Uterus. 

EPOMPHA'LIUM,  Epomphal'icum,  from  tvi, 


and  oit<l)a\o';,  'the  navel.'  A  medicine,  which, 
when  placed  upon  the  umbilicus,  moves  the  belly. 
— Paulus  of  Mgma.. 

SPONGE,  Spongia— e.  (fErjlantier,  Bedegar. 

EPOQUES,  Menses. 

EPOSTOMA,  Exostosis. 

E^POSTOSIS,  Exostosis. 

EPREINTES,  Tenesmus. 

EPSEMA,  Decoction. 

EPSESIS,  Decoction,  Elixatio. 

EPSOM,  MINEP.AL  WATERS  OF.  Epsom 
is  a  town  in  Surrey,  about  15  miles  from  London. 
The  water  is  a  simple  saline  ; — consisting  chiefly 
of  sulphate  of  magnesia,  which  has  consequently 
received  the  name  of  Epsom  salts,  though  no 
longer  prepared  from  the  Epsom  water. 

EPUISEMENT,  Exhaustion. 

EPU'LIS,  from  tin,  and  ov'kov,  'the  gum.' 
Odon'tia  excres'cens,  Sarco'ma  epu'lis,  Ulon'ciis, 
Excrescen'tia  gingi'va.  (F.)  Epulide,  Epiilie. 
An  excrescence  on  the  gum,  sometimes  ending  in 
cancer. 

EPULOSIS,  Cicatrization. 

E^PULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

E PURGE,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

EQUAL,  JEqua'lis.  An  epithet  applied  parti- 
cularly to  the  pulse  and  to  respiration.  The  pulse 
and  respiration  are  equal,  when  the  pulsations 
and  inspirations  which  succeed  each  other  are 
alike  in  every  respect. 

EQUILIB'RIUM,  from  cpqnus,  'equal.'  and 
lihrare,  'to  weigh.'  In  medicine,  this  word  is 
sometimes  used  to  designate  that  state  of  organs, 
fluids  and  forees,  which  constitutes  health. 

EQUINA  CAUDA,  see  Cauda  Equina. 

EQUI'NIA,  from  equinus,  'belonging  to  a 
horse.'  Glanders,  (F.)  3Iorve.  A  dangerous  con- 
tagious disorder,  accompanied  by  a  pustular  erup- 
tion, which  arises  from  inoculation  with  certain 
diseased  fluids  generated  in  the  horse,  the  ass  and 
the  mule.  Two  forms  are  met  with,- — ■  E.  mitis, 
contracted  from  horses  affected  with  grease,  and 
E.  glandulo'sa,  a  dangerous  and  commonly  fatal 
disease  communicated  to  man,  either  in  the  acute 
or  chronic  form,  from  the  glandered  horse.  The 
veterinary  surgeons  make  two  varieties  of  the 
disease  in  the  horse  —  Glanders,  Ila'lia,  ]\f alias' - 
mus,  Ma'lie,  Ifalis,  Malleus  :  and  Farcy  glanders, 
Earcino'ma,  Farci'men,  Mal'lens  farcimino'sus, 
Morbus  farcimino'sus,  Cachex'ia  lymphat'ica  far- 
cimino'sa,  (F.)  Morve  fnrcineuse,  Farcin;  —  the 
former  affecting  the  pituitary  membrane  and  oc- 
casioning a  profuse  discharge  from  the  nostrils, 
with  pustular  eruptions  or  small  tumours,  which 
soon  suppurate  and  ulcerate,  being  attended  by 
symptoms  of  malignant  fever  and  by  gangrene 
of  various  parts:  —  the  latter  being  the  same 
disease,  but  appearing  in  the  shape  of  small 
tumours  about  the  legs,  lips,  face,  neck,  itc.  of  the 
horse;  sometimes  very  painful,  suppurating  and 
degenerating  into  foul  ulcers.  They  are  often 
seen  together. 

The  mild  cases  require  little  treatment  but  rest ; 
the  more  severe  generally  resist  all  remedies. 

EQUISETUM  ARVENSE,  Ac,  see  Hippuris 
vulgaris — e.  Minus,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

EQUITA'TION,  Eqnita'tio,  liippeA'a,  Hlppa'- 
sia,  Hippeu'sis,  from  eqnitare,  equitatum,  '  to  ride 
j  on  horseback.'  Horsebach  exercise.  A  kind  of 
exercise,  advisable  in  many  diseases,  although 
improper  in  others  —  in  uterine  affections,  for  in- 
stance. It  has  been  much  recommended  in 
phthisis  pulmonalis.  It  is  less  fatiguing  than 
walking,  and  consequently  more  available  in  dis- 
ease. But  to  prevent  disease,  where  much  exer- 
cise is  required,  the  latter  is  preferable. 

EQUIVOROUS,    Equiv'orus,   Hipjjoph'agous, 


EQUIVOCAL 


350 


ERGO  TINS 


from    eqvkus,    'a    horse/   and   voro,    '1   devour.' 
Feeding  or  subsisting  on  horseflesh. 

EQUIVOCAL,  £'2«!t3'ocHs,  from  <e9'mj(s, 'equal,' 
and  vox,  vocis,  'voice.'     Those  symptoms  are  oc- 
casionally so  denominated  which  belong  to  seve- 
ral diseases.     Generation  is  said  by  some  to  be 
'  equivocal,'  when  it  is,  or  seems  to  be,  spontaneous. 
See  Generation. 
EQUUS,  Hrppus. 
ERABLE,  Acer  saccharinum. 
ERADICA'TION,  Eradica'tio,  from  e,  'from,' 
and  radix,  radicis,  'a  root.'     The  act  of  rooting 
out,  or  completely  removing  a  disease. 

ERAD'ICATIVB,  Eradi'cans:  same  etymon. 
Any  thing  possessed  of  the  power  of  completely 
rooting  out  a  disease. 

ERAILLEMENT  DES  PAUPIERES,  Ec- 
tropion. 

ERCLE,  Blister. 
EREBINTHUS,  Acer  arietinum. 
EREGTEUR  DU PENIS,  Ischio-cavernosus. 
ERECHTHI'TES  HIERACIFO'LIA,  Sene'cio 
Ineracifo'Hus,   Fireweed.     An   indigenous   plant, 
Order   Compositse,  which  flowers  from  July  to 
September.     It  is  said  to  be  an  acrid  tonic,  and 
astringent,  and  in  large  doses  emetic. 

ERECTILE  TISSUE,  Tela  seu  Texttus  erec'- 
tilis,  from  erigere,  erectum,  (e,  and  rigere,)  'to 
erect,'  '  to  become  erect'  A  tissue,  whose  prin- 
cipal character  is,  to  be  susceptible  of  dilatation, 
i.  e.  of  turgescence  and  increase  of  size.  It  is 
formed  of  a  collection  of  arteries  and  veins,  in- 
termixed with  nervous  filaments;  which  form, 
by  their  numerous  anastomoses,  a  spongy  sub- 
stance, whose  areolae  communicate  with  each 
other.  Smooth  muscular  fibres  have  been  de- 
tected in  it.  This  tissue  exists  in  the  corpora 
cavernosa  of  the  penis  and  clitoris,  at  the  lower 
and  inner  surface  of  the  vagina,  in  the  spongy 
part  of  the  urethra,  the  lips,  nipples,  iris,  <tc. 
Sometimes  it  is  developed  accidentally,  and  con- 
stitutes a  kind  of  organic  transformation. 

ERECTION,  Erec'tio,  Arree'tio;  same  ety- 
mon. The  state  of  a  part,  in  which,  from  having 
been  soft,  it  becomes  stifi",  hard,  and  swollen  by 
the  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  areolse  of  its 
tissue,  as  in  the  case  of  the  penis — Sfyma,  Stysis. 
ERECTOR  CLITORIDIS,  Ischio-cavernosus 
— e.  Penis,  Ischio-cavernosus. 

EREMACAU'SIS,     (F.)    Er€macaitsie,    from 
epriiios,  'waste,'  and  xavais,  'combustion.'    A  term 
applied  by  Liebig  to  the  slow  combustion,  oxida- 
tion, or  decay  of  organic  matters  in  the  air. 
ERE  MIA,  Acinesia. 
ERESIPELE,  Erysipelas. 
ERETHILYTICUM     H^MATOLYTICUM, 
Spanaemic. 

ER'ETHISM,  EretMs'mus,  Erethis'ia,  Irrita- 
men'ttim,  Irrita'tio,  (F.)  Erethisme,  from  epe&i^<i>, 
'  I  irritate.'  Irritation.  Augmentation  of  the 
vital  phenomena  in  any  organ  or  tissue.  Orgasm. 
Under  this  name,  Mr.  Pearson  has  described  a 
state  of  the  constitution  produced  by  mercury 
acting  on  it  as  a  poison.  He  calls  it  Ilercu' rial 
Er'ethism  or  Erethin' miis.  It  is  characterized  by 
great  depression  of  strength;  anxiety  about  the 
prsecordia;  irregular  action  of  the  heart;  fre- 
quent sighing ;  tremors ;  small,  quick,  sometimes 
intermitting  pulse ;  occasional  vomiting ;  pale, 
contracted  countenance,  and  sense  of  coldness; 
but  the  tongue  is  seldom  furred,  nor  are  the  vital 
and  natural  functions  much  disturbed.  In  this 
state  an''  sudden  exertion  may  prove  fatal. 
ERET HISMA,  Rubefacient. 
ERETHISMUS.Erethism,  Irritation— e.  Ebrio- 
sorum,  Delirium  tremens  —  e.  Hydrophobia,  Hy- 
drophobia— e.  Oneirodynia,  Incubus,  Paroniria — 
e.  Simples,  Fidgets. 


ERETHISTICUS,  Erethiticus,  Rubefacient. 
ERETHIT'IC,  Erethit'iciis,  EretJiis'ticus.  Be- 
longing or  relating  to  erethism — as  "erethitic 
phenomena,"  or  phenomena  of  irritation. 
ERETISME,  Erethism. 
EREUGMOS,  Eructation. 
EREUXIS,  Eructation,  Flatulence. 
ERGASMA,  Myrrha. 
ERGASTERION  SPIRITUS,  Pulmo. 
EBGASTERIUM,  Laboratory. 
ERGOT,  (F.)  Ergot,  'a  spur.'  Er'gota,  Seca'le 
cornu'tum  seu  mater'num  seu  tiir'gidum  seu  temu- 
lent'um  seu  luxu'rians  seu  clava'tum,  Clavus  seca- 
li'nus  seu  seca'lis  seu  Silig"inis,  Spermoe'dia 
clavus,  Hater  seca'lis,  Calcar,  Seca'lis  mater.  Us- 
tila'go,  Frumen'tum  cornu'tum  seu  cornicula' turn 
seu  luxu'rians  seu  tur'gidum  seu  temulen'tum, 
Brisoc'eras  [.?],  Melanophy' ma,  Spurred  or  Horned 
Rye,  Spur,  Hornseed,  Cockspur  Rye,  Cockspur, 
(F.)  Seigle  ergote  ou  cornu  ou  corrompu  ou  a, 
Eperon  ou  Ergotise,  Ble  cornu,  Ergot  ou  cloii  ou 
mere  de  seigle.  Bled  avorte  ou  farouche,  Fa'xx 
seigle.  Ergot  is  generally  considered  to  be  the 
result  of  a  disease  in  rye,  occurring  most  fre- 
quently when  a  hot  summer  succeeds  a  rainy 
spring.  DecandoUe,  however,  regards  it  as  a 
parasitic  fungus,  and  calls  it  Sclera' timn  clavus ; 
whilst  Leveille  esteems  it  to  be  a  fungus  giving 
a  coating  to  the  diseased  grain;  the  medical  vir- 
tues residing  in  the  coating.  This  parasitic 
fungus  he  calls  Sphace'Ua  seg"efum.  More  re- 
cently, it  has  been  maintained,  that  it  is  a  dis- 
eased state  of  the  grain  occasioned  by  the  growth 
of  a  fungus  not  previously  detected,  to  which  the 
names  Ergotm'tia  ahortans  seu  ahortifa'ciens,  Oi- 
dium  ahortifa'ciens,  Ergot-mould,  have  been  given. 
It  is  found  projecting  from  among  the  leaves  of 
the  spike  or  ear,  and  is  a  long,  crooked  excres- 
cence, resembling  the  spur  of  a  cock,  pointed  at 
its  extremities,  of  a  dark  brown  colour  externally, 
and  white  within. 

This  substance  has  been  long  used  in  Germany 
to  act  on  the  uterus,  as  its  names  Mutterkorn 
and  Gebarpulver  ('womb-grain,'  pulvis  par- 
turiens,  pulvis  ad  partum)  testify.  Upwards  of 
forty  years  ago,  it  was  recommended  in  this 
country,  by  Dr.  John  Stearns,  of  Saratoga  County, 
New  York,  for  accelerating  parturition;  and  since 
that  period,  numerous  testimonials  have  been 
off'ered  in  its  favour.  Half  a  drachm  of  the 
powder  is  gently  boiled  in  half  a  pint  of  water, 
and  one-third  part  given  every  20  minutes,  until 
proper  pains  begin.  Some  recommend  the  clear 
watery  infusion  ;  others  advise  the  powder;  others 
the  oil;  and  others  the  wine.  It  is  obvious  that, 
in  many  cases,  the  uterine  efibrts  would  return  in 
the  period  which  would  necessarily  elapse  in  the 
administration  of  ergot;  so  that  several  of  the 
cases,  at  least,  of  reputed  efiicacy,  may  not  have 
been  dependent  upon  the  assigned  agent.  Ergot 
also  possesses,  it  is  afiirmed,  narcotic  virtues, 
which  have  rendered  it  useful  in  hemorrhagic 
and  other  afiections  of  excitement. 

Bread,  made  of  spurred  rye,  has  been  attended 
with  the  effects  described  under  Ergotism. 

ERGOTy  Hippocampus  minor  —  e.  de  Seigle, 
Ergot. 

ERGOT-MOULD,  see  Ergot 
ERGOTA,  Ergot 

ERGOT^TIA  ABORTANS,  see  Ergot  — e. 
Abortifaciens,  see  Ergot 

ER'GOTIjST,  Extrac'tum.  Er'gota,  Extract  of 
Ergot,  (F.)  Ergotine,  Extrait  himostatique  de 
Boujean.  The  extract  of  ergot  has  been  found 
an  excellent  hemastatic  in  the  dose  of  two  grains 
several  times  a  day.  It  has  also  been  used  ex- 
ternally. 

ERGOTINE,  Ergo  tin. 


ERGOTISM 


351 


ERUPTION 


EE,'GOTISM,  Ergotis'mus,  from  ergota,  'ergot.' 
Morbus  cerea'lis.  Poisoning  by  ergot.  An  affec- 
tion produced  by  the  use  of  spurred  rye.  At 
times,  the  symptoms  are  limited  to  vertigo, 
spasms,  and  convulsions.  See  Convulsio  cerealis. 
Most  commonly,  there  is  torpor  with  numbness 
of  the  hands  and  feet,  which  waste  away,  lose 
sensation  and  the  power  of  motion,  and  separate 
from  the  body  by  dry  gangrene, — Ergotis'mus 
Sphacelo'ans,  Sphac"elu8  cerea'lis,  Necro'sis  ce- 
rea'lis, Gangrm'na  itstilagin'ea,  Necrosis  ustila- 
ijin'ea,  Ergot  or  Mildew  mortification,  (F.)  Ergo- 
tisme  gangreneux,  Gangrene  des  Solonois,  Mai  de 
Sologne. 

EliGOTISME  CONVULSIVE,  Convulsio  ce- 
realis. 

ERGOTISMUS,  Ergotism  — e.  Spasmodicus, 
Convulsio  cerealis  —  e.  Sphacelosus,  Ergotism. 

ERI'CA  VULGA'RIS,  Callu'na  vulga'ria  seu 
Eri'ca,  Common  Heath,  (Sc.)  Heather,  (F.)  Briiyere 
vulgaire.  This  has  been  regarded  as  diuretic  and 
diaphoretic. 

ERIGERON  AMBIGUUM,  E.  Philadelphicum 
— e.  Annuum,  see  E.  Canadense. 

ERIG"ERON  BELLIDIFO'LIUM,  Robin's 
plantain,  Rosy  Betty,  (rjptyipav,  from  j]p,  'spring,' 
and  ytpav,  'an  old  man;'  owing  to  the  hoary  i 
appearance  of  some  of  the  vernal  species.)  An 
indigenous  plant  of  the  Composite /awn'Zy  y  flower- 
ing in  May.  It  is  said  to  possess  properties  like 
those  of  E.  Philadelphicum. 

Erigerox  Canaden'se,  Can'ada  Fleahane, 
P ridcweed ,  Horseweed,  Buttericeed,  is  considered 
to  be  allied  in  properties  to  E.  Philadelphicum;and 
the  same  may  be  said  of  Erigeron  Heterophyl" lum, 
E.  annuum.  Sweet  Sca'bious  or  various-leaved 
Flenbane;  all  of  which  are  in  the  secondary  list 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States. 

Erigeron  Heterophyllum,  see  E.  Canadense 
— e.  Integrifolium,  E.  Philadelphicum. 

Erig"eron  Philadel'phicdji,  E.  strigo'sum 
seu  amhig'uum  SOU  integrifo'lium,  Scabious,  Ske- 
visch,  Philadelphia  or  Skevisch  OT  Narrow-leaved 
Flea-Bane,  Daisy,  Cocash,  Frostweed,  Fieldweed, 
Squaw-weed,  (F.)  Vergerette  de  Philadelphie. 
The  plant  has  been  used  in  decoction  or  infusion 
for  gouty  and  gravelly  complaints,  and  is  said 
■  to  operate  powerfully  as  a  diuretic  and  sudorific. 
The  essential  oil  has  been  given  in  uterine  he- 
morrhage.    Dose,  five  drops. 

Erigerox  Strigostjm,  E.  Philadelphicum. 

ERIGERUM,  Senecio. 

ERIGNE,  Hook. 

ERINE,  Hook. 

ERIOCEPH'ALUS  UMBELLULA'TUS,  Wild 
Rose'mary.  A  South  African  shrub.  Ord.  Com- 
positae,  which  is  diuretic,  and  used  by  the  farmers 
and  Hottentots  in  various  forms  of  dropsy. 

ERIOSPERM'UM  LATIFO'LIUM.  A  South 
African  plant,  the  tuber  of  which  is  muculent, 
and  used  externally  in  abrasions  of  the  skin,  and 
in  superficial  ulcers.  It  is  also  employed  by  the 
Mohammedans,  in  decoction,  in  amenorrhoea. 

ERIX,  spif.  This  word  signifies,  in  Galen,  the 
upper  part  of  the  liver. 

ERODENS,  Caustic. 

ERODIUM  MOSCHATUM,  Geranium  mos- 
chatum. 

EROMANIA,  Erotomania. 

ERON'OSUS,  Eronu'sos,  from  rjp,  'spring,'  and 
voi7os  or  vovaos,  'disease.'    A  disease  which  ap- 
pears chiefly  in  spring. 
EROS,  Love. 

EROSIO,  Corrosion  —  e.  et  Perforatio  sponta- 
nea Ventriculi,  Gastromalacia. 

ERO'SION,  Ero'sio,  Diabro'sis,  Anabro'sis, 
Corro' sion,  from  erodere,  erosum,  (e,  and  rodere,) 
'to  eat  away.'     The  action  of  a  corrosive  sub- 


stance, or  the  gradual  destruction  of  a  part  by  a. 
substance  of  that  kind.  It  is  often  employed  in 
the  same  sense  as  ulceration, — sjMutaneous  erosion. 

Erosion,  Gangrenous,  of  the  Cheek,  Cancer 
aquatieus, 

EROT'IC,  Ero'ticus,  from  cpu>g,  eptoro;,  'love.' 
That  which  is  produced  by  love — as  Erotic  me- 
lancholy, E.  delirium,  <fec. 

EROTICOMANIA,  Erotomania. 

EROTION,  Melissa. 

EROTOMA'NIA,  Eroma'nia,  3Ia'nia  erot'ica, 
from  Epoif,  tpwTo;,  'love,'  and  pavia,  'mania.'  A 
species  of  mental  alienation  caused  by  love.  Ero- 
tic melancholy  is  Love  melancholy.  Some  authors 
write  it  Erot' ico-mania.     Also,  Nymphomania. 

ERPES,  Herpes. 

ERRABUNDUS,  Planetes. 

ERRAT'IC,  Errat'icus,  Atac'tos,  At'ypos ;  from 
errare,  erratum,  'to  err.'  Wandering,  irregular. 
That  which  disappears  and  recurs  at  irregular 
intervals.  This  name  is  given  to  intermittents, 
Febres  errat'iccB,  which  observe  no  type.  Most 
commonly,  it  is  applied  to  pains  or  to  any  dis- 
eased manifestations  which  are  not  fixed,  but 
move  from  one  part  to  another,  as  in  gout,  rheu- 
matism, erysipelas,  &c. 

ERREUR  DE  LIEU,  Error  loci. 

ER'RHIXE,  Errhi'num  or  Er'rhinum,  Sternu- 
tato'rinni,  Ster'nutatory,  Ptar'rnicum,  Apophleg- 
mat'isans  per  nares,  Nasa'le,  from  £v,  'in,'  and 
piv,  'the  nose.'  A  remedy  whose  action  is  ex- 
erted on  the  Sehneiderian  membrane,  exciting 
sneezing  and  increased  discharge.  Errhines  have 
been  mainly  used  as  local  stimulants  in  head 
affections.  The  chief  are  :  Asari  Folia,  Euphor- 
bia gummi-resina,  Hydrargyri  sulphas  flavus, 
Tabacum,  and  Veratrum  album. 

ERRHINUM,  Sternutatory. 

ER'RHYSIS,  from  cv,  'in,'  and  psio,  'I  flow.' 
With  some,  a  draining  of  blood.  A  trifling  he- 
morrhage. 

ERROR  LOCI,  Apoplane'sis,  (F.)  Errenr  de 
Lieu.  A  term,  frequently  used  by  Boerhaave  to 
express  deviation  of  fluids,  when  they  enter  ves- 
sels not  destined  for  them.  Boerhaave  admitted 
several  orders  of  capillary  vessels,  the  diameters 
of  which  went  on  decreasing.  The  largest  re- 
ceived red  blood,  those  which  came  next  re- 
ceived only  white,  others  only  lymph,  whilst  the 
last  of  all  were  destined  for  yet  more  subtle  fluids 
— for  a  kind  of  vapour.  When  the  red  globules 
entered  vessels  destined  for  the  white,  or  the 
white  those  intended  for  the  thinner  fluids,  there 
was,  according  to  the  theory  of  Boerhaave,  an 
error  loci,  the  proximate  cause  of  inflammation 
and  other  mischiefs.     See  Aberration. 

ERUCA,  Brassica  eruca,  Sinapis — e.  Barbarea, 
Erysimum  barbarea — e.  Foetida,  Brassica  eruca — 
e.  Sativa.  Brassica  eruca. 

ERUCTA'TION,  Ructa'tto,  Ereug'mus,  Er'yge, 
Eructa'tio,  Ructxts,  Ructa' men,  Ruetna'  tie, 
Ereux'is,  Restagna'tio,  (Old.  Eng.)  Bolke,  Bouffe, 
Belke,  (Sc.)  Baching,  Bokking,  Rucking,  Rift, 
(Prov.)  Kelking,  Rasping,  Rasping,  Riving,  Ruft 
(N.  of  England)  ;  from  eructare,  eructa'tum,  (e, 
and  ruetare,  'to  belch.')  Belching,  (F.)  Rot, 
Rapport.  A  sonorous  emission,  by  the  mouth, 
of  flatus  proceeding  from  the  stomach.  When  so 
frequent  as  to  occasion  a  diseased  condition,  this 
is  termed  Ructuo'sitas,  Morbus  ructuo'sus. 

ERUGATORIA,  Tetanothra. 

ERUGINEUX,  ^ruginous. 

ERUPTIO,  Eruption— e.  Exanthematis,  Epa,- 
nastasis — e.  Sanguinis,  Haemorrhagia. 

ERUP'TIOX,  Erup'tio,  from  erumpere,  ervp- 
tum,  (e,  and  rumpere,)  'to  issue  with  violence,' 
'to  break  out,'  This  word  has  several  meanings. 
1.  The  sudden  and  copious  evacuation  of  any  fluid 
from  a  canal  or  cavity — of  serum,  blood,  pus,  &c., 


ERUPTION  ANOilALE 


3  52 


EEYTHEMA 


for  example ;  2.  The  breaking  out  of  an  esan- 
them ;  and,  3.  the  exanthem  itself,  whether 
simply  in  the  form  of  a  rash,  or  of  pustules, 
vesicles,  <tc. 

ERUPTION  ANOMALE,  Roseolse  — e.  Ro- 
sace, RoseolEe — e.  Violet,  lonthus. 

ERUP'TIVE,  Eriqiti'ints.  Same  etymon  as 
Eruption.  That  which  is  accompanied  by  an  erup- 
tion. Thus  small-pox,  measles,  scarlet  fever,  mili- 
aria, &c.,  are  eruptive  fevers.  The  term  eruptive  dis- 
ease is  nearly  synonymous  with  cutaneous  disease. 

ERVA  DB  SANCTA  MARIA,  Arum  Dracun- 
culus — e.  do  Rato,  Palicourea  Marcgraavii. 

ERVALENTA,  see  Ervum. 

ERVUM,  E.  Ervil'ia,  E.  plica' turn,  Vic"ia  er- 
vil'ia,  Or'ohus,  (F.)  Lentille  Ers  ou  Orobe.  In 
times  of  scarcity,  the  seeds  have  been  made  into 
bread,  but  it  is  said  not  to  be  wholesome.  The 
meal  was  once  much  used  in  poultices:  it  was  for- 
merly called  Orob'i'on,  o^ofiiov.  Under  the  name 
Ervalent'a,  a  secret  dietetic  preparation  has  been 
introduced.  It  is  a  vegetable  powder,  which, 
when  mixed  with  milk  and  soup  and  taken  night 
and  morning,  is  said  to  have  succeeded  in  remo- 
ving old  and  obstinate  obstructions  !  Buehner 
thinks  it  is  bean -meal,  Ditterich,  the  meal  of  the 
seed  of  Ervum  Ervilia. — Aschenbrenner. 

A  specimen  of  Warton's  Ervalenta,  obtained  at 
the  depot,  and  analyzed  by  Dr.  Hassall,  was  found 
to  contain  a  mixture  of  the  French  and  German 
lentil,  reduced  to  powder,  including  portions  of 
the  shells  or  husks,  and  of  a  substance  very 
closely  resembling,  in  its  microscopic  characters, 
corn  meal.  A  sample  of  Du  Barry's  Revalen'ta 
Arab'icn  was  found  to  consist  of  a  mixture  of  the 
Egyptian  or  Arabian  lentil  and  barley  meal. 

Ervum  Ervilia,  Ervum. 

Ervum  Lens,  Gicer Lens, Lens esculen' ta,Pliacos, 
the  Lentil,  (F.)  Lentille.  The  seed,  Phaee,  Pha'- 
een,  Phacns,  is  eaten  in  many  places  like  peas : 
they  are  flatulent  and  difBcult  of  digestion. 

Ervum  Plicatum,  Ervum. 

ERYGE,  Eructation. 

ERYNGIUM,  Hgvyyiov,  Hpuyyof,  see  E.  Aquat- 
icum. 

Eryn'gium  AquAt'icum,^'.  ynccmfo'linm,  Wafer 
Eryn'go,  Button  Snake  Root.  Order,  Umbelliferje. 
This  root,  Eryn'gium,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  is  nearly  allied 
to  the  contrayerva  of  the  shops,  and  acts  more 
especially  as  a  sudorific.  It  is  a  secondary  article 
in  the  Pharm.  U.  S. 

Eryngium  Campes'tri?,  E.  vulgo're.  Centum 
Cap'ita,  Lyrin'gium,  Aster  inquina'lis,  Capit'u- 
Inrn  JIartis,  Acus  Ven'eris,  (F.)  Panicaut,  Char- 
don-Roland,  is  sometimes  used  for  E.  maritimum. 

Eryngium  Fcetidum;  indigenous,  is  said  to 
possess  properties  like  those  of  valerian  and  con- 
trayerva. 

Eryngium  Marit'imum  seu  Mari'num.  The 
Sea  Holly  or  Eryngo,  JEthe' rea  Herba,  (F.)  Pa- 
nicaut Maritime.  Eryngo  root  has  a  slightly  aro- 
matic odour,  and  sweetish  and  warm  taste.  It  is 
considered  to  be  diuretic  and  expectorant,  but  its 
powers  are  so  weak,  that  it  is  scarcely  ever  used. 

Eryngium  Vulgare,  E.  Campestre— e.  Yuccae- 
folium,  E.  aquaticum. 

ERYNGO,  SEA,  Eryngium  maritimum  —  e. 
Water,  Eryngium  aquaticum. 

ERYS'IMUM,  E.  officina'le,  from  tpvui,  'to 
draw,'  from  its  power  of  raising  blisters.  Sisym'- 
brium  officina'le,  Chamas'plion.  Hedge-mustard, 
(F.)  Velar,  Tortelle,  Hcrbe  aux  Chantres.  This 
was,  formerly,  much  used  for  its  expectorant  and 
diuretic  qualities.  The  seeds  greatly  resemble 
vnustard. 

Erysimum  Alliaria,  Alliaria. 

Erysimum  Barbare'a,  E.  lyra'tum,  Ar'abis 
barbare' a.  Sisymbrium  barbare'a,  Eru'ca  barba- 
re'a, Barbare'a,  B.  stric'ta,  (F.)  Herbe  de  Sainte 


Barbe,  has  been  ranked   amongst  the  antiscor- 
butic plants.     See  Alliaria. 

Erysimum  Cordifolium,  Alliaria — e.  Lyratum, 
E.  barbarea. 

ERYSIPELA'CEA.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
A  family  of  eruptive  diseases,  comprising  erysi- 
pelas, variola,  rubeola,  and  scarlatina. 

ERYSIP'ELAS,  from  epvm,  '1  draw  in,'  and 
fftXas,  '  near,'  from  its  tendency  to  spread.  Pebris 
erysipelato'sa  seu  erysipela'cea,  Erythrop'yra, 
Em'phlysis  Erysip'elas,  St.  Anthony's  fire.  Wild- 
fire, Ignis  Sancti  Anto'nii  seu  Columel'lcB  seu 
Sacer,  Hieropyr,  Icterit"ia  rubra,  Rose,  Rnbea 
icterit"ia,  Vicinitra'ha,  Vicinitrac'tus,  Brunus, 
Lvgdus,  (F.)  Erysipele,  Eresipele,  Feu  St.  An- 
toine.  Feu  sacre,  Mai  Saint  Antoine.  A  disease, 
so  called  because  it  generally  extends  gradually 
to  the  neighbouring  parts.  Superficial  inflamma- 
tion of  the  skin,  with  general  fever,  tension  and 
swelling  of  the  part;  pain  and  heat  more  or  less 
acrid;  redness  diffused,  but  more  or  less  circum- 
scribed, and  disappearing  when  pressed  upon  by 
the  finger,  but  returning  as  soon  as  the  pressure 
is  removed.  Frequently,  small  vesicles  appear 
upon  the  inflamed  part,  which  dry  up  and  fall 
off,  under  the  form  of  branny  scales.  Erysipelas 
is,  generally,  an  acute  affection  :  its  medium  du- 
ration being  from  10  to  14  days.  It  yields,  com- 
monly, to  general  refrigerant  remedies.  Topical 
applications  are  rarely  serviceable.  At  times, 
when  the  disease  approaches  the  phlegmonous 
character,  copious  bleeding  and  other  evacuants 
may  be  required,  as  in  many  cases  of  erysipelas 
of  the  face ;  but  this  is  not  commonly  necessary. 
In  most  cases,  indeed,  the  general  action  seems 
deficient,  and  it  becomes  necessary  to  give  tonics. 

When  erysipelas  is  of  a  highly  inflammatory 
character,  and  invades  the  parts  beneath,  it  is 
termed  Erysip'elas  phlegmono'des,  (F.)  Erysipele 
phlegmonenx :  when  accompanied  with  phlyo- 
tense,  and  the  inflammation  terminates  in  gan- 
grene, Erysip'elas  gangrcBuo' sum,  (F.)  Erysipele 
gangreneux ;  and  when  associated  with  infiltra- 
tion of  serum,  Erysip'elas  cedamato'sum,  (E.)  Ery- 
sipele (edamateux. 

At  times,  the  surface  in  erysipelas  has  a  bronzed 
rather  than  a  red  hue — bronzed  erysipelas. 

Erysipelas,  Bronzed,  see  Erysipelas — e.  Gan- 
grasnosum,  see  Erysipelas — e.  CEdematosum,  see 
Erysipelas — e.  Phlegmonodes,  see  Erysipelas — e. 
Periodica  nervosa  chronica.  Pellagra — e.  Phlyc- 
tenoides.  Herpes  zoster  —  e.  Pustulosa,  Herpes 
zoster — e.  Zoster,  Herpes  zoster. 

ERYSIPELATODES,  Erysipelatous. 

ERYSIPEL'ATOUS,  Erysipelato'des,  Erysi- 
pelato'sus.  Belonging  to  erysipelas;  as  an  ery- 
sipel'atous  affection. 

Erysipel'atous  Inflammation,  Infiamm'atio 
erysipelato'sa,  EpipMogis'ma,  Guti'tis,  Dermati'- 
tis,  is  the  character  of  inflammation  which  distin- 
guishes erysipelas,  Erythe'ma  erysipelato'suni. 

ERYSIPELE,  Erysipelas  —  e.  Ambulant,  see 
Ambulant — e.  Gangreneux,  see  Erysipelas  —  i. 
(Edemateux,  see  Erysipelas — e.  Phlegmonenx,  see 
Erysipelas  —  e.  Serpigineux,  see  Serpiginous  —  e. 
Pnstuleux,  Herpes  zoster. 

ERYSOS,  Erythema. 

ERYTHE'MA,  from  epvdpaios,  cpvOpos,  'red,  rose- 
coloured,' tpufiaivci),  'ioredden.' Inflammatory  blush, 
Erythre'ma,  (F.)  Erytheme.  This  name  is.  some- 
times, given  to  erysipelas,  especially  when  of  a  local 
character.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  morbid  redness 
on  the  cheeks  of  the  hectic,  and  on  the  skin  cover- 
ing bubo,  phlegmon,  &c.  It  forms  the  6th  genus  of 
the  3d  order.  Exanthemata,  of  Bateman's  classi- 
fication of  cutaneous  diseases;  and  is  defined,  'a 
nearly  continuous  redness  of  some  portion  of  the 
skin,  attended  with  disorder  of  the  constitution. 


ERYTHEMATOUS 


353 


ESOTERIC 


but  not  contagious.'  Many  varieties  are  described 
by  dermatologists,  —  for  example,  E.  intertri'go, 
E.  fugax,  E.  papula'tum,  E.  tubercula' turn,  E. 
nodo'sum,  E.  Iceve,  E.  centrif  ugum,  E.  margina'- 
tum,  and  E.  acrodyn'ia. 

Erythejia  AcEODrxiA,  Acrodynum  —  e.  Am- 
bustio.  Burn — e.  Anthrax,  Anthrax. 
•  Ertthe'ma  Centrif'ugdm.  A  variety  of  ery- 
thema attacking  the  face,  commencing  -with  a 
small  red  spot,  and  spreading  around,  so  as,  at 
times,  to  affect  the  whole  face. 

Erythema  Endejiicfm,  Pellagra  —  e.  a  Fri- 
gore,  Chilblain. 

Ertthe'j[a  Fugax.  Patches  of  erythema, 
that  sometimes  appear  on  the  body  in  febrile  dis- 
eases, teething  children,  <fec.,  and  which  are  of 
brief  duration. 

ERTTHEitA  GA:NGR^NOSTJir,  Anthrax — e.  Icho- 
rosum,  Eczemamercuriale—e.  Intertrigo,  Chafing. 

Erythe'ma  L^ve,  (F.)  Erytheme  leger.  Slight 
erythema  affecting  the  skin,  as  in  oedema. 

Erythe'ma  Margina'tdii,  (F.)  Erytheme  mar- 
ginal. A  form  in  which  the  prominent  patches 
of  erythema  are  distinctly  separated  from  the 
skin  at  their  margins. 

Erythema  Mercuriale,  Eczema  mercuriale. 

Erythe'ma  iSToDO'suM,  (F.)  Erytheme  noueux. 
A  more  severe  form  of  Erythema  tuberculatum. 

Erythe'ma  Papula'tum,  (F.)  Erytheme  papu- 
leux.  Patches  of  erythema,  which  are  at  first  pa- 
pulated,  appearing  on  the  face,  neck,  breast,  &c., 
of  females,  and  young  persons  more  especially. 

Erythema  Pellagrum,  Pellagra  —  e.  Pernio, 
Chilblain. 

Erythe'ma  Sola're.  A  name  given  by  the 
Italians  to  Pellagra,  owing  to  its  being  attended 
with  an  eruption  of  small  red  spots  or  patches  on 
the  parts  that  are  exposed  to  the  sun. 

Erythe'ma  Tubeecula'tuii,  E.  taherodn'sum, 
(F.)  Erytheme  tuhercideiix.  A  form  of  erythema 
in  which  the  patches  are  in  small  lumps. 

ERYTHEM'ATOUS,  Erythemat'ic,  Erythema- 
to'sus,  Erythemat'iciis,  (F.)  Erythemateux.  Ap- 
pertaining or  relating  to  Erythema. 

ERYTREJfE,  Erythema— e.  Leger,  Erythe- 
ma leeve — e.  Marginal,  Erythema  marginatum — 
e.  Noueux,  Erythema  nodosum — e.  Papuleux, 
Erythema  papulatum — e.  Tuberculeux,  Erythema 
tuberculatum. 

EPtYTHR^A  CENTAURIUM,  Chironia  cen- 
taurium  —  e.  Chilensis,  Canchalagua,  Chironia 
Chilensis. 

ERYTHR^MIA.Plethora. 

ERYTHRAN'CHE,  Angi'na  erysipelato'sa, 
from  epvdpo;,  'red,'  emd  ay;^uj,  'I  suffocate.'  Ery- 
sipelatous or  erythematous  sore  throat. 

ERYTHREMA,  Erythema. 

ERYTHRIXA  MOXOSPERMA,  Butea  fron- 
dosa. 

ERYTHROCHCERAS.  Cynanche  parotidsea. 

ERYTHRODANUM,  Rubia. 

ER'YTHROID,  Erythro'des,  Erythroi'dea: 
Reddish. 

Erythroid  Coat,  Tu'nica  erythro'des.  Vagi- 
nal coat  of  the  testis. 

Er'ythroid  Ves'icle,  Vesic'nla  Erythroi'dea. 
A  vesicle  of  the  foetus  described  by  Pockels  and 
others.  It  is  pyriform,  and  much  longer  than, 
although  of  the  same  breadth  as,  the  umbilical 
vesicle.  Velpeau,  Weber,  and  others,  doubt  its 
being  a  phvsiologieal  condition. 

ERYTHRONIUM,  E.  Americanum. 

Erythro'nium  America'num,  E.  flnviim  seu 
dens  eanis  sen  Innceola' turn  seu  longifo'Uurn,  Com- 
mon Erythro'nium,  (from  tpvdpos,  'red,'  which 
does  not,  however,  apply  to  the  American  species,) 
Tellow  Snake-leaf,  Yelloio  Adder's  tongue,  Adder- 
lenf,  Dog  vi'olet,  Bog's  tooth  violet.  Rattlesnake 
23 


vi'olet,  LamVs  tongue.  Scrofula  root,  Yellow 
Snowdrop.  Ord.  Liiiacese.  This  plant  is  pos- 
sessed of  emetic  properties,  but  is  rarely,  if  ever, 
used. VI  The  root  and  herb,  Erythro'nium,  (Ph. 
U.  S.,)  are  in  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States. 

Erythronium  Dens  Canis,  E.  Americanum  — 
e.  Flavum,  E.  Americanum — e.  Lanceolatum,  E. 
Americanum — e.  Longifolium,  E.  Americanum. 

ERYTHROPHLEUM  JUDICIALE,  Sassy- 
bark  tree. 

ERYTHROPYRA,  Erysipelas. 

ERYTHRORRHIZA  ROTUA^DIFOLIA,  Ga- 
lax aph3-lla. 

ERYTHROSIS,  Plethora. 

ES'APHB,  from  ccra(puw,  (tier,  and 0000),  'I  feel,') 
'I  feel  inside,'  (F.)  Le  Toucher,  Le  'Toucher  vagi- 
nal. The  introduction  of  a  finger  or  fingers  into 
the  vagina,  for  the  purpose  of  examining  the 
condition  of  the  uterus.  It  is  employed  to  verify 
the  existence  or  non-existence  of  pregnancy  and 
its  different  stages ;  to  detect  certain  affections  or 
faults  of  conformation  in  the  genital  organs  and 
pelvis  ;  and,  during  the  process  of  accouchement, 
to  examine  into  the  progress  of  labour,  &c. 

ESCA,  Aliment. 

ESCARA,  Eschar. 

ESCARGOT,  HeH;s  pomatia,  Limax. 

ESCHALOTTE,  Eehalotte. 

ESCHAR,  Es'chara.  raxupa,  (Old  Er^g.)  Ask er, 
a  slough,  a  crust  or  ncab.  The  crust  or  disor- 
ganized portion,  arising  from  the  mortification  of 
a  part,  and  which  is  distinguishable  from  the 
living  parts  by  its  colour,  consistence,  and  other 
physical  properties.  The  inflammation  which  it 
excites  in  the  contiguous  parts,  gives  occasion  to 
a  secretion  of  pus  between  the  living  and  dead 
parts,  which  ultimately  completely  separates  the 
latter. 

ESCHARA,  Vulva. 

ESCHAROT'IC,  Escharot'icum,  from  cavapa, 
'eschar.'  Any  substance,  which,  when  applied 
upon  a  living  part,  gives  rise  to  an  eschar,  such 
as  caustic  potassa :  the  concentrated  mineral 
acids,  &c. 

Escharotic  Poison,  see  Poison. 

ESCHELLOHE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  water  rises  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain  near 
the  convent  of  Etal  in  Bavaria.  It  is  a  sulphuro- 
saline. 

ESCHID'NA  OCELLA'TA.  A  very  poisonous 
viper,  which  inhabits  the  sugar-cane  fields  of 
Peru.     Its  bite  is  almost  instantaneously  fatal. 

ESCORZON'ERA,  Scorzonera. 

ESCREYISSE,  Crab. 

ESCULAPIAN,  Medical. 

ES'CULENT,  Esculen'tus,  Ed'ihle,  Eat'able, 
Ciba'rious,  from  esea,  'food.'  (P.)  Comestible. 
Such  plants  or  such  parts  of  plants  or  animals  as 
may  be  eaten  for  food. 

ESERE,  Ordeal  nut. 

ESKIN,  Singultus. 

ESO,  scrio,  'within.'  A  prefix  which  signifies 
an  affection  of  an  internal  part;  as  Esoenteri'tis, 
inflammation  of  the  inner  membrane  of  the  intes- 
tines :—jE'so,ya«?H'n*.5,  inflammation  of  the  inner 
membrane  of  the  stomach,  &c. 

ESOCHAS,  Esoche. 

ES'OCHE,  Es'ochas.  A  tumour — as  a  hemor- 
rhoid— within  the  anus. 

ESOCOLITIS,  Dysentery. 

ESODIC,  Afferent. 

ESOEXTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 

ESOGASTRITIS,  Endogastritis. 

ESOTER'IC,  tawTtpos,  'interior,'  from  taia, 
'within.'  Private;  interior;  in  contradistinction 
to  Exoter'ic,  public,  exterior.  Hence,  we  speak 
of  'esoteric  and  exoteric  causes  of  disease.' 


ESOTERISM 


354 


J&TAGE 


ES'OTERISM,  MED'ICAL.  Same  etymon  as 
Esoteric.  A  term  used  by  M.  Simon,  in  his  De- 
ontologie  medicale,  for  that  esotery,  or  mystery 
and  secresy,  with  which  the  practitioner  performs 
his  daily  duties,  and  which,  he  conceives,  he  is 
compelled  to  adopt  by  the  prejudices  and  igno- 
rance of  his  patients. 

ESP  AGES  INTERCOSTAUX,see  Costa. 

JESPEGES,  Species,  see  Pulvis  —  e.  Pulveru- 
leiites,  sen  Pulvis. 

ESPEGES  VULN^RAIRES,  Falltranck. 

ESPHLA'SIS,  from  ts,  sis,  '  inwards,'  and  <p\nu), 
'I  break,  bruise,'  Ac.  A  fracture  of  the  skull  by 
comminution,  the  fragments  being  depressed. 
See  Depression,  and  Enthlasis. 

ESPRIT,  Spirit  —  e.  d' Ammonia  que,  Spiritus 
ammoniae — e.  d'Aiiis,  Spiritus  anisi — e.  de  Boh, 
Spiritus  Pyroxylicus — e.  de  Gamjjhre,  Spiritus 
camphorse — e.  de  Gannelle,  Spiritus  cinnamomi — 
e,  de  Garvi,  Spiritus  carui- — e.  d' Ether  Sidfurique, 
Spiritus  setheris  sulphurici  compositus — e.  de  Ge- 
niivre  compose,  Spiritus  juniperi  compositus — e. 
d' Iva,  Achillea  moschata — e.  de  Lavaiide,  Spiritus 
lavandulse  —  e.  de  Lavande  compose,  Spiritus 
lavandulae  compositus  —  e.  de  3fenthe  ^jofy;-e, 
Spiritus  menthte  piperitse — e.  de  3Liscade,  Spiri- 
tus myristicae — e.  de  Pouliot,  Spiritus  pulegii — e. 
Pyroxylique,  Spiritus  pyroxylicus  —  e.  de  Rai- 
fort  compose,  Spiritus  armoraci*  compositus — e. 
de  Romarin,  Spii'itus  rosmarini — e.  de  Vin  delaye, 
Spiritus  tenuior — e.  de  Vin  reetifie,  Spiritus  rec- 
tificatus. 

ESPRITS  ANHIAUX,  Nervous  fluid. 

ESQUILLE,  Splinter. 

ESQUINANGIE,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ESQUINE,  Smilax  China. 

ES'SENCB,  Essen'tia,  corrupted  from  existen- 
tia,  '  standing  out,'  [?]  or,  from  esse,  '  to  be.'  By 
some,  used  synonymously  with  volatile  oil;  by 
others,  with  simple  tincture.  The  oil  of  pejo/jec- 
mint  is  the  oil  obtained  by  distillation ;  the 
essence,  the  oil  diluted  with  spirit.  See  Tinetura 
olei  menthfe. 

Essence  op  Anise,  Essentia  anisi — e.  of  Bar- 
dana.  Hill's,  Tincturi  guaiaci  ammoniata — e.  of 
Caraway,  Essentia  Carui — e.  of  Cinnamon,  Essen- 
tia Cinnamomi — e.  of  Coltsfoot,  see  Tinetura  ben- 
zoin! composita — e.  of  Fennel,  Essentia  Foeniculi 
—  e.  of  Musk,  Tinetura  moschi  —  e.  of  Mustard 
Pills,  Whitehead's,  see  Sinapis  —  e.  of  Mustard, 
Whitehead's,  see  Sinapis  —  e.  of  Pennyroyal, 
Essentia  menthse  pulegii — e.  of  Peppermint,  Tine- 
tura olei  menthaa  piperitee — e.  of  Pimento,  Essen- 
tia Pimentse — e.  of  Rosemary,  Essentia  Rosma- 
rini—e.  of  Roses,  see  Rosa  centifolia  —  e.  of 
Spearmint,  Tinetura  olei  menthas  viridis  —  e.  of 
Spruce,  see  Pinus  Abies. 

ESSENCES,  Olea  volatilia. 

ESSENTIA,  Essence.  Tincture  — e.  Abietis, 
see  Pinus  abies  —  e.  Aloes,  Tinetura  aloes  —  e. 
Absinthii  amara,  Tinetura  A.  composita — e.  Ab- 
sinthii  composita,  Tinetura  A.  composita. 

Essen'tia  Ani'si,  Essence  of  Anise.  {01. 
Anisi,  f^j;  Sp.  rectif.  f.^ix.  M.  Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
TTLxx  to  f)5J,  as  a  carminative. 

Essentia  Antimonii  seu  Stibii,  "Vinum  anti- 
monii  tartarizati — e.  Antiseptica  Huxhami,  Tine- 
tura cinchonse  composita — e.  Aromatica,  Tinetura 
cinnamomi  composita. 

Essentia  Carui,  Essence  of  Car' away.  {01. 
Garni  f ,^j ;  Sp.  rectif.  fgix.  Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
gtt.  XX  to  f^j,  as  a  carminative. 

Essentia  Castorei,  Tinetura  castorei — e.  Ca- 
tholica  purgans  Rothii,  Tinetura  jalapii  compo- 
sita—  e.  de  Cedro,  Oleum  cedrinum  —  e.  China, 
Tinetura  cinohonge  composita  —  e.  Cinnamomi, 
Tinetura  cinnamomi. 


Essentia  Cinnamo'mi,  Essence  of  Cin'namon. 
{01.  Ginnam.  f ^j ;  /Sp.  rect.  f^ix.  M.)  Dose, 
gtt.  X  to  XX. 

Essentia  Fcenic'uli,  Essence  of  Fennel.  {01. 
Fcenic.  f §j ;  Alcohol,  f^ix,  M.  Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
gtt.  xs  to  f^j. 

Essentia  Mentha  Piperita,  Tinetura  olei 
menthae  piperitse. 

Essentia  Mentha  Pule'gii,  Essence  of  Penny- 
royal. {01.  Puleg.  fgj  ;  Sp.  rectif.  fgix.  Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  gtt.  XV  to  XXX. 

Essentia  Mentha  Viridis,  Tinetura  olei  men- 
tha3  viridis. 

Essentia  Myrist'ic>e  MoscHA'TiE,  Essence  of 
Nutmeg.  (01.  Myrist.  f gj ;  Sp.  rectif.  f,^ix.  M. 
Ph.  D.)     Dose,  gtt.  XX — xxx. 

Essentia  Neroli,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  e 
Corticis  Peruviani  antiseptica  Huxhami,  Tinetura 
cinchonse  composita — e.  Corticis  Peruviani  com- 
posita, Tinetura  cinchonse  amara. 

Essentia  Pimen't^,  Essence  of  Pimen'to.  {01 
Piment.  fgi;  Sp.  rectif.  fgix.  M.  Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
gtt.  xxx  ad  Ix. 

Essentia  Rosmari'ni,  Essence  of  Rose'mary 
{01.  Rosmari'ni  f §j ;  Sp.  rectif.  fgix.  M.  Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  gtt.  xxx  ad  gtt.  Ix. 

ESSEN'TIAL,  Essentia'lis.  The  word  essential 
has  been  applied  to  the  immediate  or  active  prin- 
ciples of  vegetables,  which  were  believed  to  be 
endowed  with  the  properties  of  the  plants  from 
which  they  were  extracted.  Essential  oil  was  so 
called  because  it  was  regarded  as  the  only  irnme- 
diate  principle  which  was  essential.  This  expres- 
sion is  retained.  Essential  salts  are  true  salts  or 
extracts  which  exist,  ready  formed,  in  vegetables; 
and  which  are  obtained  by  distillation,  incinera- 
tion, or  some  other  process. 

An  essential  disease  is  synonymous  with  a  ge- 
neral disease;  that  is,  one  not  depending  on  any 
local  affection, — not  symptomatic.     See  Entity. 

ES'SERA,  Es'sere,  Sora,  Saire,  Sate,  3forbus 
porci'nus,  Rosa  saltans,  Urtica'ria  porcell'ana, 
(P.)  Amjjoxdes,  Porcelaine.  Of  Arabic  deriva- 
tion. A  species  of  cutaneous  eruption,  consist- 
ing of  small,  reddish  tubercles  over  the  whole 
body,  accompanied  by  a  troublesome  itching. 
It  seems  to  be  a  variety  of  lichen  or  urticaria. 
See  Lichen  tropicus. 

ESSIEU,  Axis. 

ESSOUFFLEMENT,  Anhelatio. 

ESTHEMA,  Vestitus. 

ESTHESIS,  Vestitus. 

ESTHIOMENE,  Esthiomenus. 

ESTHIOM'ENUS,  Estiom'enus,  from  saQioo,  '  I 
eat.'  Ex'edens.  (F.)  Esthiomene.  That  which 
devours  or  eats  away.  Certain  ulcers  and  erup- 
tions— Dartres  rongeantes — are  so  called. 

ES'TIVAL,  JEsti'vus;  from  asstas,  astatis, 
'summer.'  Happening  in  summer,  belonging  to 
summer.  This  epithet  is  given  to  summer  dis- 
eases, so  called  because  they  reign  at  that  season, 
and  appear  to  depend  on  the  influence  exerted 
by  it  on  the  animal  economy.  In  the  United 
States,  the  term  summer  disease  or  complaint 
means  disorder  of  the  bowels;  as  diarrhoea, 
cholera  morbus,  &c. 

E STOMA  G,  Stomach. 

ESTRAGON,  Artemisia  dracunculus. 

ESULA  CYPARISSIAS.  Euphorbia  eyparis- 
sias  —  e.  Major,  Euphorbia  palustris  —  e.  Minor, 
Euphorbia  cyparissias. 

ESULE,  GRANDE,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

ESURIES,  Hunger. 

ESURIGO,  Hunger. 

ESURITIO,  Hunger. 

ESYCHIA,  Acinesia. 

ETAGE,  ^tuge. 


\ 


ETAIN 


355 


ETOUFFEMENT 


ETAIN,  Tin— e.  de  Glace,  Bismuth— e.  Gris, 
Bismuth. 

ETAT,  Acme — i.  GranuUxix  du  Rein,  Kidney, 
Bright's  Disease  of  the. 

ETERNUEMENT,  Sneezing. 

ETESTICULATIO,  Castration. 

ETHER,  iEther,  ^ther  sulphuricus — e.  Acetic, 
see  JEther — e.  Acetiqiie,  see  iKther  sulphuricus — 
e.  Azoteux,  see  iBther  sulphuricus  —  e.  Azoteux 
alcoolise,  Spiritus  setheris  nitrici. 

Ether,  Chloric,  see  Chloroform.  Under  the 
names  concentrated  chloric  ether  and  strong  chlo- 
ric ethei a  compound  of  pure  chloroform  and 

nearly  absolute  alcohol,  in  the  proportion  of  one- 
third  of  the  former  to  two-thirds  of  the  latter — 
has  been  used  as  an  anajsthetic  by  inhalation,  in 
the  same  cases  as  sulphuric  ether  and  chloroform. 
It  is  properly  an  alcoholic  solution  or  tincture  of 
chloroform. 

Ether,  Chlorohydrio,  Chlorixated,  see 
^ther  muriaticus — e.  Ghlorohydriqiie,  see  jEther 
sulphuricus — e.  Ghlorohydrique  chlore,  see  ^ther 
muriaticus. 

Ether,  Compound.  A  preparation  consisting 
of  a  solution  of  chloroform  in  sulphuric  ether, 
which  has  been  used  as  an  anesthetic  by  inhala- 
tion, in  the  same  cases  as  chloroform. 

ETHER,  HYDRATIQUE,  iEther  sulphuricus 
— e.  Hydriodic,  jEther  hydriodicus — e.  Hydrique 
alcoolise,  Spiritus  a3theris  sulphuric!  compositus 
— e.  Hydrochloric,  see  ^ther — e.  Hydrochloric, 
Spirit  of,  Spiritus  aetheris  muriatici — e.  Hydro- 
cyanic, ^ther  hydroeyanicus  —  e.  lodhydric, 
JEther  hydriodicus — e.  Marine,  ^ther  muriaticus 
—  e.  Muriatic,  jEther  muriaticus  —  e.  Muriatic, 
spirit  of,  Spiritus  setheris  muriatici — e.  Nitreux, 
see  ^ther  sulphuricus — e.  Nitric,  see  ^Ether — e. 
Nitrique,  see  ^ther  sulphuricus — -e.  Nitrous,  see 
Jilther  —  e.  Phosphoric,  see  iEther  —  e.  Prussic, 
^ther  hydroeyanicus — e.  Rectified,  jEther  sul- 
phuricus— e.  Sulfurique,  iEther  sulphuricus — e. 
Sulfurique  alcoolise,  Spiritus  setheris  sulphurici 
compositus — e.  Sulphuric,  ^ther  sulphuricus — e. 
Terebiathinated,  ^ther  terebinthinatus — e.  Vi- 
irioliqiie,  ^ther  sulphuricus, 

ETHEREAL,  iEthereal. 

E  THE  RE,  ethereal. 

ETHEREOUS,  Ethereal. 

ETHERINE,  HYDROCYANATE  OF.  ^ther 
hydroeyanicus — e.  Muriate  of,  jEther  muriaticus. 

E'THERISM.  The  aggregate  of  phenomena 
induced  by  the  inhalation  of  ether — JEtherism'us. 

ETHERIZA'TION,  JEtherisa'tio.  The  admi- 
nistration of  ether  by  inhalation,  as  an  anaes- 
thetic. 

E'THERIZED,  JStherisa'tns.  Presenting  the 
phenomena  induced  by  the  inhalation  of  ether. 

ETHEROLAT,  Etherat.  The  product  of  the 
distillation  of  ether  on  aromatic  substances. 

ETHEROLATURE,  see  Tincture. 

ETHEROLE.  A  liquid  medicine  formed  of 
^ther  and  medicinal  principles  united  with  it  by 
direct  solution  or  simple  mixture. — Beral. 

Etherole  d'essence  de  terebinthine.  See  Liquor 
anodynus  terebinthinatus. 

ETHEROLIQUE,  EtheroVic.  A  medicine 
which  has  ether  for  excipient. — Beral. 

ETHEROLOTIF.  An  etherolic  medicine 
which  is  exclusively  employed  externally. 

ETHICS,  MEDICAL,  Deontology,  medicaL 

ETHIK,  Hectic. 

ETHIOPIAN,  s-ee  Homo. 

ETHIOPS,  see  ^thiops. 

ETHISIS,  Filtration. 

ETHISMUS,  Filtration. 

ETHMOGEPHALE,  EthmocepK' alus ;  from 
ri^yLOi,   'a  sieve/  'the  ethmoidal  portion  of  the 


nose,'  and  Kz<pa\ri,  'head.'  A  genus  of  monsters, 
with  eyes  close  together,  hut  distinct;  the  nasal 
apparatus  atrophied  and  rudimental.  —  I.  G.  St. 
Hilaire. 

ETH'MOID,  Ethmo'des,  EthmoVdes,  EthmoV- 
deiis,  from  ij^/nof,  'a  sieve,'  and  ei&os,  'form.' 
Shaped  like  a  sieve. 

Ethmoid  Bone,  Os  ethmo'ideum  seu  mulfifor'me 
seu  spongio' sum  seu  spongo'i'des  seu  cribro'sum 
seu  cribrifor'me  seu  cu'bicum  seu  crista'tum  seu 
foraminulen'tum  seu  colifor'me  seu  colafo'rium, 
(F.)  Os  cribleux.  One  of  the  eight  bones  which 
compose  the  cranium;  so  called,  because  its  upper 
plate  is  pierced  by  a  considerable  number  of 
holes.  The  ethmoid  bone  is  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior, inferior,  and  middle  part  of  the  base  of  the 
cranium.  It  seems  to  be  composed  of  a  multitude 
of  thin,  fragile,  semi-transparent  laminse,  which 
form  more  or  less  spacious  cells,  called  the  Eth- 
moidal labyrinth  or  cells,  distinguished  into  ante- 
rior and  posterior.  These  communicate  with  the 
nose,  and  are  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the 
pituitary  membrane.  The  ethmoid  bone  is  con- 
stituted of  compact  tissue,  and  is  surrounded  by 
the  Ethmoid  suture.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
frontal  and  sphenoidal  bones,  the  corniia  sphenoi- 
dalia,  the  superior  maxillary  bones,  the  2}<^date 
bones,  the  ossa  turbinata  inferiora,  the  vomer,  the 
proper  bones  of  the  nose,  and  the  lachrymal  bone^. 

ETHMOID'AL,  EthmoUa'lis.  Belonging  to 
the  ethmoid  bone;  as,  Ethmoidal  cells,  E.  suture, 
<fec.  The  Ethmoi'dal  apoph'ysis  or  process  is  the 
advanced  part  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  which  articu- 
lates with  the  ethmoid.  The  ethmoidal  arteries 
are  two  in  number,  the  anterior  of  which  arises 
from  the  ophthalmic  artery.  The  origin  of  the 
other  varies.  The  Echancrure  ethmoidale  of  the  os 
frontis  receives  the  ethmoid  bones.  The  Ethmoi- 
dal veins  correspond  to  the  arteries. 

ETHMOSE,  Cellular  tissue. 

ETHMOSYNE,  Habit. 

ETHMYPHE,  Cellular  tissue. 

ETHMYPHI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  telcB  cellulo'sm, 
from  vdi-ios,  'a  sieve,'  'v(pri,  'texture,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  cel- 
lular membrane. 

ETHMYPHOTYLOSIS,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue. 

ETHNOG'RAPHY,  Ethnograph'ia;  from  idvos, 
'nation,'  and  ypaipri,  'a  description.'  A  history 
of  the  races  and  families  of  man. 

ETHN0L"0GY,  Ethnolog"ia;  from  tevo^,  'na- 
tion,' and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'  The  science  of 
the  races  and  families  of  man. 

E,TH0S,  Habit. 

E  TH  USE,  JJlthusa  cynapium  —  i.  Ileum, 
j3Ethusa  meum. 

ETIIYLE,  chloride  OF,  ^ther  muri- 
aticus— e.  Cyanuret  of,  ^ther  hydroeyanicus. 

ETICK,  Hectic. 

ETIOLA'TION,  Blanching,  (F.)  Etiolement. 
That  state  of  plants  which  occurs  in  consequence 
of  privation  of  light,  when  they  become  pale  and 
watery.  In  piathology,  it  is  sometimes  used  to 
denote  the  paleness  produced  in  those  persons 
who  have  been  kept  long  without  light;  or  a 
similar  paleness,  the  result  of  chronic  disease. 

ETI0LE3IENT,  Etiolation. 

ETIOLOGY,  ^tiologia. 

ETIQUETTE,  MEDICAL.  Deontology,  me- 
dical. 

ETISE,  Hectisis  —  e.  Itesenterique,  Tabes  me- 
senterica. 

ETNAGH-BERRIES,  see  Juniperus  commu- 
nis. 

ETOILE,  Stella. 

ETONNEE,  Stunned. 

ETOUFFEMENT,  SufiFocation, 


ETOUPE 


356 


EUPATORIUM 


ETOUPE,  Stupa. 
ETOURDISSEMENT,  Vertigo. 
ETRANGLE-LOUP,  Paris. 
ETRANQLE3IENT,  Strangulation,  Hysteria 
— e.  dea  Intestine,  Enteremphraxis. 

ETRANGUILLON,    from    etrangler,    'to 
strangle.'     An  ancient  French  appellation  for  a 
violent   angina    accompanied   by    symptoms    of 
imminent  asphyxia. 
ETRIER,  Stapes. 
ETRON,  Abdomen,  Hypogastrium. 
BTRON'CUS,   from  j/rpoi/,   'the  lower  belly,' 
and  oyKog,  'a  tumour.'     A  tumour  of  the  lower 
belly. 

ETTICK,  Hectic  fever. 
ETTLE,  Urtica. 

ETUI  BE  L'HIPPOCAMPE.  A  name  given 
by  Vicq  d'Azyr  to  the  upper  part  of  the  sphe- 
noidal portion  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the 
brain,  which  is  bounded  by  the  lateral  cornu  of 
the  corpus  callosum. 

JETUVE,  Stove — e.  Humidc,  Bath,  vapour. 
ETUVER,  to  Foment. 

EU,  £u,  'good,  proper,'  when  prefixed  to  words. 
Hence: 

EU^'MIA,  from  tu,  and  'aijxa,  'blood.'  A 
good  condition  of  the  blood. 

EUjESTHE'SIA,  from  cv,  and  aiaBrian,  'per- 
ception.' Vigorous  perception.  A  good  condition 
of  the  perceptive  faculties. 

EU^STHE'TOS.  Same  etymon.  One  whose 
senses  are  in  full  vigor. 

EUANALEP'SIS,  from  tu,  and  ava\r,^is,  're- 
covery.'    Rapid  restoration  to  strength. 
EUANTHEMON,  Anthemis  nobilis. 
EUCALYP'TUS  MANNIF'ERA,  {zv,  'well,' 
and  Ka}<vnToq,   'covered.')     From  this  Australian 
species.  Order,  Myrtacete,  a  manna-like  substance 
exudes,  which  has  similar  properties  to  manna. 
EocALYrTus  Resinifera,  see  Kino. 
EUCHRQ3'A,  from  tu,  and  xp"'"?  'colour.'     A 
good   or   healthy  colour   of  the    skin.     A  good 
appearance  of  the  surface. 

EUCHYM'IA,  from  tv,  and  %v^of,  'juice.'  A 
good  state  of  the  humours. 

EUCRA'SIA,  from  iv,  and  Kpams,  'tempera- 
ment.'    A  good  temperament. 

EUDIAPNEUS'TIA,  from  £v&ia7ti,cvaTog,  (ev, 
and  Sia-iorj, — 6ia,  and  nvori,  'breath);'  'one  who 
breathes  well.'  Easy  transpiration. 
EUECTICA  (medicina),  Gymnastics. 
EUEL'GES,  from  tv,  and  'cXko;,  'an  ulcer.' 
One  in  whom  wounds  and  ulcers  are  readily 
healed. 

EU'EMES,  Euem'etoa,  from  tv,  and  tixeu>,   'I 
vomit.'     That  which    readily  excites   vomiting. 
One  who  vomits  with  facilit}''. 
EUETHES,  Benign. 

EIIEX'IA,  from  tv,  and  't^n,  'constitution.' 
A  good  constitution. 

EUFRAISE,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 
EUGE'NIA  CARYOPHYLLA'TA,  called  after 
Prince  Eugene.  Garrophi/l'lus,  Caryoj)hyl'lus  aro- 
mat'icus,  Myrtiis  caryophyVlus.  The  Indian  tree 
which  affords  the  clove.  Order,  Myrtacea3.  The 
Giove,  CaryophyVlus,  G.  aromat'icus,  is  the  unex- 
pa.nded  bud,  (P.)  Girofle,  Gerojle,  Gyrophle,'Glou 
de  Girofle.  Its  odour  is  strong,  aromatic,  and 
peculiar ;  taste,  pungent  and  acrid.  Like  all 
substances  whose  virtue  depends  upon  essential 
oil,  it  is  stimulant  and  carminative.  It  is  gene- 
rally used  as  a  corrigent  to  other  remedies,  and 
in  oases  where  substances  containing  the  essen- 
tial oils  are  demanded.  The  oil  —  (F.)  Hnile  de 
Gerofle ;  Olertm  caryopTiyl'li,  Oil  of  Gloves — has 
'.he  properties  of  the  cloves. 

EuGEXiA  PiMENTA,  Myrtus  pimenta. 


EUGION,  Hymen. 

EULE,  £uAi;,  'a  worm.'  Eulce,  tvXai,  with  Hip- 
pocrates, meant  especially  worms  bred  in  a  wound 
or  ulcer. 

EULOPHIA,  see  Salep. 

EUNUCH,  Eiinu'chus,  from  twrj,  'the  bed,' 
and  txf^,  'I  keep.'  Hemian'drus,  Hemianor,  Ee- 
mianthro'pns,  Semimas,  Semimas'cnliis,  Semi- 
mascula'txis,  Semivir,  Thla'dias,  Thla'sios,  Thlib'- 
ias,  Castra'tus,  Gallus,  Ej-castra'tus,  Evira'tim, 
Emascula'tiis,  Spado,  Exsec'ttia,  Extesticidn'tua, 
Extom'ius.  (F.)  Eunuque.  One  whose  organs 
of  generation  have  been  removed,  or  so  altered, 
that  he  is  rendered  incapable  of  reproducing  his 
species,  or  of  exercising  the  act  of  venery.  Eu- 
nuchs were  common  with  the  ancient  Romans. 
In  Italy,  this  horrible  mutilation  still  takes  place 
to  improve  the  voice  ;  and  in  the  East,  eunuchs 
have  the  surveillance  of  the  seraglio. 

EUNUCJIISMUS,  Castration. 

EUNUCHIUM  MECONIS,  Lactuca. 

EUNUCHUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EUNUQUE,  Eunuch. 

EUODES,  Beneolentia. 

EUONYiVIUS,  Quassia  simarouba. 

Euon'ymus  America'nus,  Strawberry  hush, 
Straicberry  tree.  Burning  bush,  Indian  arrow- 
ivnod.  A  shrub  of  the  Ord.  Celasiraceas,  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia,  which,  like  the 
next,  is  found  throughout  the  United  States  and 
Canada;  flowering  from  May  to  June. 

Eiton'ymus  Atropurpd'reus,  Burning  bush. 
Spindle  tree,  Indian  Arrow-wood,  flowers  from 
June  to  July. 

From  these  varieties  of  Euonymus  the  Wahon 
or  Whahoo  bark  is  said  to  be  obtained.  It  is  diu- 
retic, antiperiodic,  tonic,  and  a  hydragogue  ca- 
thartic, and  has  been  used  in  dropsy  in  infusion, 
in  the  proportion  of  an  ounce  to  a  pint  of  water. 

EUPATHI'A,  from  tv,  and  va%s,  'suffering.' 
A  disposition  for  being  affected  by  pain  easily. 
Also,  a  good  state  of  health — Euphor'ia. 

EUPATOIRE  B'AVICENNE,  Eupatorium 
cannabinum — c.  Percefeuille,  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum. 

EUPATORIUM,  (called  after  Mithridates  Eu- 
pator,)  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

Eupato'rhim  Ageratoi'des,  E.  Urticifo'limn, 
Age'ratum  altiss'imum.  White  Snakeroot ;  indige- 
nous; flowering  in  August  and  September;  has  the 
same  ]iroperties  as  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

Eupatorium  AROMAT'icujr,  Arom'at'ic  Eupato'- 
rinm  or  Hempweed,  has  similar  properties. 

Eupato'rium  Cannae'inum,  Eupato'rium,  E. 
Arab'icnm  seu  Japon'icum  seu  trifolia'tum,  E. 
of  Avicen'na,  Cannab'ina  aquat'ica,  Trifo'lium 
cervi'num,  Orig'anum  aquat'icum.  Hemp  ag'ri- 
■mony.  Herb  of  Saint  Cunegonde,  (F.)  Enpatoire 
d'Avicenne.  Ord.  Compositae.  Sex.  Syst.  Syn- 
genesia  sequalis.  The  juice  of  this  plant  proves 
violently  emetic  and  purgative,  if  taken  in  suffi- 
cient quantity.  It  has  been  considered  diuretic, 
cathartic,  and  emetic. 

Eupatorium  Connatum,  E.  perfoliatum  —  e. 
Guaco,  Guaco — e.  Japonicum,  E.  Cannabinum — 
e.  Mesues,  Achillea  ageratum. 

Eupatorium  Perfolia'tum,  E.  Conna'tum, 
Boneset,  Thor'oughwort,  Thor'ovghstem,  Thor- 
onghwax,  Veg"etable  ant'imony,  Grosswort,  Ague- 
weed,  Feverwort,  Indian  sage,  Joe-pye,  Teazel, 
Sweating  plant,  (F.)  Eupatoire  percefeuille,  is  a 
plant  which  grows  in  low,  wet  meadows  through- 
out the  United  States.  The  tops  and  leaves — 
Eupato'rium,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  are  considered  to  be 
stimulating,  tonic,  emetic,  purgative,  diuretic, 
and  sudorific.  Dose,  gr.  xv  of  the  powder,  as  a 
gentle  purgative. 

Eupatorium,  Purple-Stalked,  E.purpureum. 


EUPEPSIA 


35' 


EUSOMPUALIEN 


EuPATORIUJf  Purpu'eeuji,  Jlohawh  tnesel,  Pur- 
ple-stalked Eupato'rium,  Trumpet  weed,  Joe  Pye- 
ueed,  Gravelroot,  is  used  in  similar  cases,  as  well  as 

EuPATORiujr  Rotusdifo'liuii,  Pound-leaved 
ffeiiipweed,   Wild  korehound ; 

EuPATORiuii  Sessilifo'liuit,  Upland  Boneset, 
and 

EuPATORiUM  Teucrifo'lium,  Wild  horehound, 
Germander-leaved  horehound,  Rough  boneset. 

EuPATORiuii  TRiFOLiATUir,  E.  Cannabinum  — 
e.  Urticifolium,  E.  ageratoides. 

EUPEP'SIA,  from  w,  and  -e-jo,,  'I  digest.' 
A  good  digestion.     The  antithesis  to  di/iipepna. 

EUPEP'TIC,  Piqjejj'tus,  Eupcp'ticus.  Same 
etymon.  Relating  to  a  good  digestion.  One  en- 
dowed with  a  good  .digestion. 

EUPHLO'GIA,  from  tv,  and  cj^Xzyu),  '1  burn.' 
Mild  inflammation.     Variola. 

EU'PHONY,  Eupho'nia,  from  tv,  and  (puivrj, 
'voice.'     An  agreeable  or  regular  voice. 

EUPHORBE  CYPRES,  E.  cyparissias— e.  des 
3Iorais,  E.  palustris — e.  Vomitive,  E.  ipecacuanha. 

EUPHOP^'BIA  CAPITA'TA,  Caacica.  Ord. 
Euphorbiaceee.  Called  after  Euphorbus,  phy- 
sician to  king  Juba.  A  Brazilian  plant,  which  is 
strongly  astringent  and  not  poisonous.  It  is 
considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  remedies  for  the 
bites  of  serpents.  It  is,  also,  called  Coluhri'na 
Lusitan'  ica. 

Euphorbia  Caput  Medu'SjE.  A  Soutb  African 
plant,  with  wbieh,  according  to  Brnee,  the  wild 
inhabitants  poison  their  arrows.  The  Ethiopians 
use,  for  the  same  purpose,  Euphor'hia  heptago'na, 
E.  viro'sa,  and  E.  cerei/ortn' is ;  the  savages,  in 
the  most  southern  part  of  America,  the  sap  of  E. 
cotinifo'lia. 

Euphorbia  Cereiformis,  see  Euphorbia  caput 
Medusae. 

Euphorbia  Corolla'ta,  Large  floicering 
spurge,  Milkweed,  Snakes'  milk,  fyecacuan'ha, 
Hippo,  Picac,  Ip'ecac,  Jlilk  purslaiii,  Purge  root, 
Emet'ic  root,  Bowman's  root,  Apple  root,  Indian 
Physic  :  indigenous  ;  has  similar  properties  to  the 
last.     The  dose  of  the  root  is  the  same. 

Euphorbia  Cotlkifolia,  see  Euphorbia  caput 
Medusae. 

Euphorbia  Cyparis'si.as,  E.  Cypress'ina, 
Es'xda  minor  seu  Cyparissias,  Tithym'alus  Cypa- 
ris'sias,  Cypress  spurge,  Welcome  to  our  house,  (F.) 
Euphorbe  cypres.  This,  like  most  of  the  spurges, 
is  very  acrimonious.  Amongst  the  rustics,  it 
was  formerly  called  poor  rnan's  rhubarb,  and  was, 
consequently,  a  laxative.     It  is  not  used. 

Euphorbia  Cypressina,  E.  Cyparissias. 

Euphorbia  Helioscop'ia,  E.  obtura'ta.  Sun 
spurge,  Wa/'twort  spurge  ;  miigenous.  The  juice 
has  been  given  in  syphilis.  It  is  said  to  be  ca- 
thartic. 

Euphorbia  Heptago^ta,  see  Euphorbia  caput 
Medusae. 

Euphorbia  Hypericifo'lia,  Large  spotted 
spurge,  Eyebright.  A  native  of  the  United  States. 
It  is  astringent  and  tonic.  Used  in  infusion  • — • 
f^ss  to  Oj  of  boiling  water.  Dose,  a  tablespoon- 
ful.  Euphorbia  Macula'ta,  Jlilk  Purslane, 
Spotted  spurge,  has  similar  properties. 

Euphorbia  Ipecacuan'ha,  Anisophyll'um  Ipe- 
cacuanha, Ipecacuanha  sp)urge,  Wild  ip'ecac.  (F.) 
Euphorbe  vomitive.  This  species  of  spurge  is 
common  in  the  southern  and  middle  parts  of  the 
United  States.  The  root  is  a  powerful  emetic,  in 
the  dose  of  from  five  to  fifteen  grains :  twenty 
grains  act  as  a  cathartic  likewise.  In  large 
doses,  it  acts  as  a  narcotico-acrid.  : 

Euphorbia  Lath'yris.     The  systematic  name  j 
of  the  plant  wbieh   aff'ords  the   lesser  catapu'tia 
seeds,  Catapu'tia  minor,  Caper  Spurge,  Lath'yris, 
Gar'den    spurge,    Caper  jjlant,    Mole-plant,     Ti- 
thym'alus   latifu'lius    seu    lath'yris,    Galarha:'us 


Lath'yris,  (F.)  Epurge  ou  grande  Esule.  The 
seeds  possess  cathartic  properties,  and  an  ex- 
pressed oil  of  the  seeds  —  O'leum  Euphorbia 
I  Lathyr'idis,  (F.)  Huile  d'epurge — has  been  given 
I  as  a  cathartic  in  the  dose  of  six  to  twelve  drops. 
!  Euphorbia  Maculata,  see  E.  hypericifolia  — 
I  e.  Myrtifolia,  Pedilanthus  tithymaloides  —  e. 
I  Obturata,  E.  helioseopia. 

Euphorbia  Officina'rum.  The  systematic 
I  name  of  the  plant  which  affords  the  Euphor'bittm, 
•  Etiphor'bicB  gummi-resi'na,  Gummi  euphorbicB,  in 
;  greatest  abundance.  The  eupborbium  is  an  in- 
I  odorous  gum-resin,  in  yellow  tears,  which  have 
I  the  appearance  of  being  worm-eaten.  It  enters 
into  the  composition  of  some  plasters,  and  has 
been  used  as  an  errhine. 

Euphorbia  Palus'tris,  E.  panicula'ta. 
Greater  spurge,  Es'ula  major,  Tithym'alus  palus'- 
tris, Galarhce'us  ptalus'tris,  JIarsh  spurge,  Wret- 
weed,  (F.)  Euphorbe  des  marais.  The  juice  is 
given,  in  Russia,  as  a  common  purge.  It  is  used, 
too,  as  an  irritant  in  tinea,  warts,  <tc. 

Euphorbia  Palustris  and  E.  Villo'sa,  or  E. 
Pllo'sa  have  been  brought  forward  as  preven- 
tives of  hydrophobia — the  bitten  part  being 
washed  with  a  decoction,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
the  decoction  being  taken  internally. 
Euphorbia  Pasiculata,  E.  palustris. 
Euphorbia  Paral'ias,  Tithym'alus  paralias, 
Sea  spurge.  This  is  violently  cathartic  and  irri- 
tating, and  is  seldom  used. 

Euphorbia  Peplus,  Petty  spurge  ,•  indigenous. 
The  powdered  root  is  actively  cathartic.  It  has 
been  given  in  dropsy. 

Euphorbia  Pilosa,  see  Euphorbia  palustris  — 
e.  Tithymaloides,  Pedilanthus  tithymaloides  —  e. 
Villosa,  see  Euphorbia  palustris  —  e.  Virosa,  see 
Euphorbia  caput  Medusae. 

J^&^  All  the  spurges  are  vesicant  and  rubefa- 
cient, when  applied  externullv. 

EUPHORBIUM,  Euphorbia  officinarum. 
EUPHORIA,  Eupathia. 
EUPHRAGIA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 
EUPHRA'SIA      [tviioaaia,     cheerfulness;     so 
;  called  from  its  effects).  E.  Officina'Us  seu  Min'irna 
i  seu  Lnbrica'ta,  Ocula'ria,  Euphra'gia,  OjihthaV- 
.  mica,  Eyebright,  (F.)  Eujraise,  Euphraise,  Casse- 
I  Lunette.     It  has  been  recommended  in  diseases 
'  of  the  eye,  but  is  unworthy  of  notice. 
I      EUPLAS'TIC,  Euplas'ticus,  (F.)  Eup,lastiqve: 
from  £u,  and  jrAao-o-tu,  'I  form.'     Having  the  ca- 
pacity of  becoming  organizable  in  a  high  degree, 
:  — as  in  false  membrunes  resulting  from  acute  iu- 
j  flammation  in  a  healthy  person. 
i      EUPLEURUM  SERRULATUM,  Diosma  cre- 
'  nata. 

EUPNCE'A,   from   tv,   and    -j/eoi,    'I   respire.' 
Freedom  or  facility  of  respiration. 
{      EURHTTH'MIA,  from  eu,  and  pu^;,o?,  'rhythm.' 
I  Regularitv  of  the  pulse. 
I      EURIBALI,  .Juribali. 
!      EURODES,  Carious. 

j      EURODOX'TICUS,   from   aipog,   'caries,'  and 
j  oOuvi,  ocuvTos,  '  a  tooth.'     Suffering  ft-om  carious 
:  teeth. 
I      EURUS,  Eu/JUf,   'mould,  putrefaction,'  Mueor, 

Caries.     Corruption  of  the  humours. 
j      EURYCHORIA.  Sinus. 
j      EURYCLES.  Engastrimyth. 

EURYCLITUS.  Engastrimyth. 
j      EURYSMUS,  Dilatation. 

EURYTH'MIA,  Euryth'mus,  from  eu,  and 
(>v6fios,  'rhythm.'  Regularity  of  pulse,  both  as 
regards  quantity  and  quality. 

EUSAR'CUS,  from  ev,  and  aap^,  caDKog,  'flesh.' 
One  who  is  fleshy,  robust,  muscular. 

EUSEMI'A,  (F.)  Eusemie,  from  ev,  and  arijiunvj 
'a  sign.'     A  collection  of  good  signs. 

EUSOMPHALIEN   from     tv,    and     op0aXor, 


EUSPLANCHNIA 


35  8 


EX^MATOSIS 


'navel.'  A  double  monster  in  which  each  being 
has  a  separate  navel,  and  is  able  to  execute,  in- 
dependently, almost  all  the  vital  functions. 

EUSPLANCH'NIA,  from  cv,  and  cnt'Sayxvov, 
'a,  viscus.'     A  healthy  state  of  the  viscera. 

EUSTA'CHIAN  TUBE,  Tuba  Enstachia'na 
seu  Aristotel'iea,  Syrhi' gri,  Syrinx,  31ea'tu8  ccpcus, 
Ductus  auris palati' nus,  Iter  a  Pala'to  ad  Aurem, 
(F.)  Trompe  ou  Conduit  d'Eustaclie,  Conduit  gut- 
tural de  I'oreille  —  Ch.  So  called  from  its  dis- 
coverer, Eustachius.  It  is  partly  bony  and  partly 
cartilaginous :  extending  from  the  cavity  of  the 
tympanum  to  the  upper  part  of  the  pharynx.  Its 
length  is  about  two  inches ;  the  bony  portion 
which  belongs  to  the  temporal  bone,  is  about 
three-fourths  of  an  inch  long.  It  is  lined,  inter- 
nally, by  a  prolongation  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  pharynx.  Its  nerves  are  furnished  by  the 
palatine  branches  of  the  ganglion  of  Meckel,  and 
its  vessels  proceed  from  those  of  the  pharynx  and 
velum  pendulum.  The  use  of  the  tube  seems  to 
be,  to  permit  the  renewal  of  air  in  the  cavity  of 
the  tympanum. 

Edsta'chian  Valve,  Valve  of  Eusta'chius, 
Valvule  d'Eusfachi  ou  d'Eustaclie.  A  membra- 
nous, semilunar  fold,  which  corresponds  to  the 
opening  of  the  vena  cava  inferior  into  the  right 
auricle  of  the  heart. 

EUSTHENI'A,  Vigor,  Exuberan'fia,  from  ev, 
and  adcvos,  'strength.'  Flourishing,  exuberant 
health. — Hippocrates. 

EUSTOM'ACHUS,  from  ev,  and  aTOfiaxos, 
'  stomach.'  Digesting  rapidly.  Having  a  good 
stomach. 

EUSTRONaYLUS  GIGAS,  Strongylus  gigas. 

ETJTAX'IA,  from  ev,  and  raaau,  'I  arrange.' 
Euthe'sia.  A  well-ordered  constitution,  in  which 
every  part  has  its  proper  relation.  The  ready 
return  of  a  rupture,  or  of  a  luxated  bone. 

EUTHANA'SIA.  from  ev,  and  Qavaroi,  'death.' 
An  easy  death.  The  opposite  to  this  is  Cacotha- 
na'sia. 

EUTHESIA,  Eutaxia. 

EUTHTENTERON",  Rectum. 

EUTHYENTEROSTENOMA,  Stricture  of  the 
Rectum. 

EUTHYM'IA,  An'inn  tranguil'litas,  from  ev, 
and  -S-ufio;,  '  mind.'  Tranquillity  of  mind.  A 
good  state  of  the  mental  faculties. 

EUTHYPNOE,  Orthopnoea. 

EUTHYPNCEA,  Orthopnoea. 

EUTOC'IA,  from  ev,  and  toko;,  'delivery.'  An 
easy  labour.     Fecundity. 

EUTROPH'IA,  from  ev,  and  Tpo<p7j,  'nourish- 
ment.'    A  good  state  of  nutrition. 

EUTROPH'IC,  Eutroph' icus,  same  etymon.  A 
term  introduced  into  medical  terminology,  by  the 
author,  for  an  agent  whose  action  is  exerted  on 
the  system  of  nutrition,  without  necessarily  oc- 
casioning manifest  increase  of  any  of  the  secre- 
tions. 

The  chief  eutrophics  are, — mercurials,  the  pre- 
parations of  iodine,  bromine,  cod  liver  oil,  the 
preparations  of  gold  and  silver,  sulphur,  sugar, 
and  snrsapnrilla. 

EUZOODYNAMIA,  Sanitas. 

EVAC'UANTS,  Evacuan'tia,  from  e,  and  va- 
cuare,  'to  empty.'  (F.)  Evacuatifs.  Medicines 
are  so  called  which  occasion  a  discharge  by  some 
emunctory ;  such  as  purgatives,  emetics,  <S;c. 

E  VA  CVA  TIES,  Evaeuan  ts. 

EVACUATIO,  Evacuation,  Excretion. 

EVACUA'TION.  Same  etymon.  Lnpax'is. 
The  discharge  of  any  matter  whatever  by  the 
natural  passages  or  by  an  artificial  opening. 

E  VA^W UISSEMENT,  Syncope. 

EVA?r  ROOT,  Geum  Virginianum. 

EVAPORA'TIOX,     Evapora'tio,     Va2}ora'tio, 


Exliala'tlo,  from  e,  and  vaporare,  vajyoratum,  'to 
emit  a  vapour.'  Transformation  of  a  liquid  into 
vapour,  in  order  to  obtain  the  fixed  matters  con- 
tained in  it  dry  and  separate  from  the  liquid. 
When  the  vapour  is  received  into  a  proper  vessel 
and  condensed,  the  process  is  called  distillation. 
Evaporation  produces  cold,  and  this  is  one  of  the 
processes  by  which  the  body  is  cooled,  through 
the  evaporation  of  the  perspiratory  fluid. 

EVAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Evaux 
is  situate  in  Auvergne,  in  France.  The  waters 
are  hydrosulphurous  and  thermal. 

EVENTRA'TION,  Eventra'tio,  Hypogastro- 
rix'is,  from  e,  '  out  of,'  and  venter,  '  the  belly.'  A 
tumour,  formed  by  a  general  relaxation  of  the 
parietes  of  the  abdomen,  and  containing  a  great 
part  of  the  abdominal  viscera.  Also,  ventral 
hernia,  or  that  which  occurs  in  any  other  way 
than  through  the  natural  openings  of  the  abdo- 
minal parietes.  Lastly,  any  very  extensive  wound 
of  the  abdominal  parietes,  with  issue  of  the  greater 
part  of  the  intestines. 

EVEN'TUS,  from  e,  'out  of,'  and  venire,  ven- 
tum,  'to  come.'  Apjobai'non,  Apobesom'enon,  Ec- 
besom'enon,  Termina'tio  morbi.  The  event  or 
issue  of  a  disease,  either  favourable  or  unfavour- 
able. 

EVERLASTING,  DICECIOUS,  Antennaria 
dioiea, 

EVERRIC'ULUM,  Specil'lum,  from  everrere, 
'to  clean  out.'  A  sort  of  sound  or  scoop,  used 
for  extracting  sand  or  fragments  of  stone  or  clots 
of  blood  from  the  bladder,  after  or  during  the 
operation  of  lithotomv. 

EVERSIO  PALPEBPw^,  Ectropion. 

EVIGILATION,  see  Sleep. 

EVIL,  THE,  Scrofula— e.  King's,  Scrofula. 

EVIRATIO,  Castration. 

EVIRATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EVISCERATION,  Exenterismus. 

EVOLUTIO,  Development  —  e.  Spontanea, 
Evolution,  spontaneous. 

EVOLUTION  OF  GERMS,  see  Generation. 

Evolu'tios,  Sponta'xeous,  Ver'sio  seu  Evo- 
lu'tio  sponta'nea,  from  e,  and  volvere,  volutum,  'to 
roll.'  Sponta'neous  ver'sion,  Sponta'neous  expuV- 
sion,  Duplication  of  the  foetus.  A  term,  applied, 
by  Dr.  Denman,  to  what  he  considered  to  be  a 
spontaneous  turning  of  the  foetus  in  utero,  in  an 
arm  presentation,  in  consequence  of  powerful 
uterine  contractions  forcing  out  the  breech  and 
feet,  whilst  the  arm  recedes.  It  is  now  usually 
considered  to  be  a  doubling  of  the  foetus,  so  that 
the  arm  changes  its  position  but  little,  whilst  the 
breech  is  forcibly  expelled  before  the  upper  ex- 
tremity;— the  case  becoming  similar  to  a  breech 
presentation. 

Evolution,  Vesicle  of.  Vesicle  of  develop- 
ment. 

EVOMITIO,  Vomiting. 

EVONYMUS,  Euonymous. 

EVUL'SION,  Avidsion,  Evul'sio,  from  evellere, 
evuhum,  (e,  and  vellere,)  'to  pluck  out.'  ApotiV- 
mos,  Ectil'rnos,  Tilmos.  The  action  of  plucking 
out;  forcible  extraction.  (F.)  Arrachement.  This 
word  is  oftener  used  by  the  French  than  by  the 
English  surgeons,  for  the  act  of  extracting  certain 
parts,  the  presence  of  which  is  injurious, — as  the 
teeth,  &c. 

EW-GOWAN,  Bellis. 

EX  MARIBUS,  Castratus. 

EXACERBATIO.  Exacerbation,  Paroxysm. 

EXACERBA'TION,  Exacerba'tio,  Exaspera'- 
tio,  Excrescen'tia,  from  exacerbare,  exacerba'tum, 
(e.r,  and  acerbus,)  '  to  provoke.'  (F.)  Hedouble- 
ment.  An  increase  in  the  symptoms  of  a  dis- 
order.    Often  used  synonymously  with  paroxysm, 

EXACUM  SPICATUM,  Coutoubca  alba. 

EX^MATOSIS,  Hajmatosis. 


EXiEMIA 


35  9 


EXCEREBEATIO 


EX.^MIA,  Anaemia. 
EXiEMOS,  Exanguious. 

EX^E'RESIS,  from  tf,  'out  of,'  and  aipso),  'I 
take  away.'  A  surgical  operation,  which  consists 
ia  drawing,  extracting,  or  removing,  from  the 
human  body,  everything  that  is  useless,  noxious, 
or  extraneous.  It  is  a  generic  term,  which  in- 
cludes extraction,  evulsion,  evacuation,  excision, 
ablation,  amputation,  &c. 
ExjKREsis,  Extraction. 

BXAG'GEHATED, Exaggent'Uw,('F.)Exager^, 
from  exar/gero,  (e:c,  and  aggero,  'I  heap  up,')  '  I 
magnify.')  Heightened,  increased  by  expres- 
sion. An  epithet  for  sounds  heard  on  ausculta- 
tion and  percussion,  when  much  increased  — 
Hypereehe'sis,  Hypereche'ma. 

EXA'GION.  The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce:  — 
four  scruples. — Actuarius. 

.  EXAL'MA,  from  tf,  'out  of,'  and  aWofiai,  'T 
leap.'     Exahis.     Hippocrates  calls  thus  the  dis- 
placement of  the  vertebra. 
EXALSIS,  Exalma,  Leap. 
EXALTA'TION  OF  THE  VITAL  FORCES, 
Exalta'tio  vi'riurn,  from  exnlto,  {ex,  and  alto,)  'I 
raise.'     This  expression  has  been  used,  by  modern 
pathologists,  to   designate  a  morbid  increase  in 
the  action  of  organs,  and  partly  that  which  occurs 
in  an  inflamed  organ.     Some  use  exaltation  of 
the  vital  forces,  and  inflammation,  synonymously. 
EXAMBLOMA,  Abortion. 
EXAMBLOSIS,  Abortion. 
EXA'MEN  RIGOKO'SUM.      'Rigorous  exa- 
mination.'    An  examination  of  a  Candidate  for 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  the  Prussian 
Universities,  which,  like  the  Tentamen  medicum, 
is  conducted  in  Latin,  and  takes  place  before  the 
medical  faculty  on  all  branches  of  medicine. 
EXANASTOMOSIS,  Anastomosis. 
EXANASTROPHE,  Convalescence. 
EXANGI'A,  from  Elayyi^u,  (if,  and  ayyog,  'a 
vessel,')  'I  evacuate  from  a  vessel.'     Exangei'a. 
An    enlargement   or   rupture   of  a  blood-vessel, 
without  external  opening.     A  genus  in  the  order 
Bysthetica,   class  Hceniatica  of  Good.     It   com- 
prises aneurism,  and  varix. 

ExASGiA  Aneurisma,  Aneurism. 
EXAN'GUIOUS,  Exsan'guine,  Exsanguin'eus, 
Exa'mos,  Exsan'guis,  (F.)  Exsangue,  from  ex, 
'out  of,'  and  sanguis,  'blood.'  Seeming  to  be 
bloodless  ;  as  a  female,  who  has  suffered  largely 
from  uterine  hemorrhage.  See  Anemic. 
EXAXIA,  Proctocele. 

EXANIMA'TIOjST,  Exanima'tio,  from  fx,  'out 
of,'  and  aniina,  'the  spirit.'  This  word  has  two 
acceptations.  Sometimes,  it  means  real  death, 
corresponding  with  the  Greek  ^avaro;,  mors.  At 
others,  it  signifies  apparent  death,  corresponding 
with  the  Greek  a^v)(^ia,  eicxpv)(^La,  SKXvais,  An'imi 
deli'  quium. 

EXAN'THEM,  Exanthe'ma,  Anthe'ma  erup'tio, 
Epanthe'ma,  Efflorescen'tia,  ExantJiis'ma,  Ecthy'- 
ma,  Epanaste'ma,  Epanthe'ma,  Epanthis'ma,  Ef- 
fiora'tio,  from  tlav^fu,  (tf,  and  avQzui),  'I  flourish.' 
A  rash.  (F.)  Exantheme,  Elevure.  Under  this 
term,  is  comprehended,  by  some,  every  kind  of 
eruption,  of  which  the  skin  is  the  seat.  Others 
comprehend  by  it  those  eruptions  that  are  accom- 
panied by  fever,  Eebres  exanthemat'iccB :  includ- 
ing, under  the  head  of  the  major  exanthemata, 
those  which  attack  a  person  but  once  in  his  life, 
and  which  are  communicated  by  specific  conta- 
gion;  and,  under  the  minor  exanthemata,  those 
which  are  not  marked  by  these  characteristics. 
Small-pox,  measles,  cow-pox,  &c.,  belong  to  the 
major: — chicken-pox,  herpes,  lichen,  &c.,  to  the 
minor.  The  general  acceptation  of  Exanthem  is, 
however,  a  more  or  less  vivid,  circumscribed,  or 
diffuse  redness  of  the  skin,  which  diminishes,  or 


disappears  transiently,  under  the  pressure  of  the 
finger.  • 

Exanthem,  Carbdncular,  Anthracia — e.  Icho- 
rous, Emphlysis  —  e.  Pustulous,  Empyesis — e. 
Rash,  Enanthesis. 

EXANTHEMA,  Eminence— e.  Internum,  Eis- 
anthema. 

Exasthe'ma  Iod'icum.  An  eruption  of  dark- 
red  definite  spots,  of  various  sizes,  spreading  over 
the  whole  body,  without  the  formation  of  scales, 
and  disappearing  only  after  a  long  time,  which 
seems  to  be  produced  occasionally  by  the  use  of 
iodine. 

ExANTHEifA  Miliaria,  Miliary  fever — e.  Pes- 
tis.  Plague — e.  Antivariolosum,  Vaccina — e.  Se- 
rosum,  Pemphigus — e.  Strophulus,  Strophulus — 
e.  Urticatura,  Urticaria — e.  Vaccina,  Vaccina — e. 
Varicella,  Varicella. 

EXANTHEMAT'ICA.  Same  etymon.  Enip'- 
tive  fevers.  Cutaneous  eruptions,  essentially  ac- 
companied with  fever;- — the  third  order  in  the 
class  Hamatica  of  Good. 

EXANTHEMATIS'CHESIS,  Exanthem atos'- 
chesis,  from  z^avdr^na,  'exanthem,'  and  lax^iv,  '  io 
withhold.'  Suppression  of  a  cutaneous  eruption. 
EXKSI'REUk'YOh' OGY ,  Exanthematolog"ia, 
from  i^avdjina,  'exanthem,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  dis- 
course.'    The  doctrine  of  cutaneous  eruptions. 

EXAXTHEMATOPHTHAL'MIA,  Ophthalm'- 
ia  exanthemat' ica ,  from  c^avQrjya,  'exanthem,' 
and  o(liQa'Sixia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  Oph- 
thalmia in  the  course  of,  or  succeeding  to,  a  cu- 
taneous eruption. 

EXANTHEM'ATOUS,   Exanthemato'sns.  Ex- 
I  anthemat'ieus,  (F.)  Exanthematique.     Relating  or 
appertaining  to  exanthem,  as  "  an  exanthematoxis 
eruption."     (F.)  Eruption  exanthematique. 

EXANTHEME  INTESTINALE,  see  Ty- 
phus. 

EXANTHESIS,  see  Efflorescence — e.  Arthro- 
sia,  Dengue  —  e.  Roseola,  Roseola — e.  Rubeola, 
Rubeola. 

EXANTHISMA.  Exanthem. 
EXANTHROPIA,  Misanthropia. 
EXAPSIS,  Inflammation. 

EXARAG'MA,  from  t^apaaaia,  'I  tear  away,' 
'I  break.'     Collision,  violent  fracture  or  friction. 
EXARCHIA'TER,    Exarchia'troa.     Chief    of 
the  archiatri,  or  chief  of  physicians,  a  title,  like 
that  of  Comes  Archiatro'rnm,  given  to  the  chief 
physician  of  an  emperor  or  king.     Archiater  ap- 
pears to  have  meant,  at  times,  the  same  thing. 
EXARMA,  Swelling. 
EXAR'SIO.     A  burning  heat. 
EXARTEMA,  Amuletum. 
EXARTERI'TIS,  Exarterii'tis.  from  ex,  'out 
of,'   and  arteria,  '  an  artery.'     Inflammation  of 
the  outer  coat  of  an  artery. 

EXARTHREMA,  Luxation,  Sprain. 
EXARTHROMA,  Luxation, 
EXARTHROSIS,  Luxatio,  Sprain— e.  Pareti- 
ca,  see  Paretious. 

EXARTICULATIO,  ,  Amputation,  joint; 
Luxatio. 

EXARTSIS,  Exhaustion. 
EXASPERATIO,  Exacerbation. 
EXCvECARIA  AGALLOCHA,  Agallochum. 
EXCALEFACTIO,  Echavffem.enf.. 
EXCARNA'TION,  Excama'tin,  from  ex,  and 
caro,  carnis,   'flesh.'     A   mode   of  making   ana- 
tomical preparations,  which   consists  in  separa- 
ting injected   vessels  from   the  parts   in    which 
they  are  situate.     This  is  done  by  means  of  cor- 
rosion by  an  acid  or  bv  putrefaction. 
EXCASTRATIO,  Castration,  Eunuch. 
EXCATHISMA,  Bath,  half;  Semicupium. 
EXCAVATOR,  Dental,  see  Dental. 
EXCEREBRATIO,  Eccephalosis. 


EXCEREBRATUS 


360 


EXERAMA 


EXCEREBRATUS,  Delirious. 

EXGERNENT,  Secreting. 

EXCIDEXTIA,  Ecptoma. 

EXCIP'IEXT,  Exeip'iens,  from  exeipere,  {ex, 
and  capere,)  'to  receive.'  (F.)  Intermede.  A 
substance,  which,  in  a  medicinal  prescription, 
gives  form  and  consistence  to  it,  and  serves  as  a 
vehicle  or  medium  for  the  exhibition  of  the  other 
ingredients. 

EXCIPULA,  Cup. 

EXCISIO,  Entaille. 

EXCIS'ION,  Excis'io,  from  excidere,  exeisum, 
lex,  and  ceedere,)  'to  cut  off.'  Ec'tome.  A  sur- 
gical operation,  by  which  parts  of  a  small  size 
are  removed  with  a  cutting  instrument. 

EXCITABIL'ITY  ExcitahiVitas.  Irritability. 
From  excitare,  (ex,  and  citare,  citatum,)  'to  ex- 
t^ite.'  The  faculty,  possessed  by  living  beings, 
of  being  sensible  to  the  action  of  excitants.  The 
doctrine  of  excitability  forms  an  important  part 
of  the  Brunonian  system.        i 

EXCITANT.  Stimulant. 

EXCITA'TIOX,  Excita'tio,  Excite'ment;  same 
etymon.  The  act  of  exciting;  the  state  of  an 
organ  or  organs  excited.  Excitement  is,  some- 
times, used  synonymously  with  augmented  arte- 
rial action.  The  effect  of  the  exciting  powers 
acting  on  the  excitability,  according  to  Brown, 
constitutes  excitement.  Cullen  used  the  term  to 
express  the  restoration  of  the  energy  and  action 
of  the  brain,  which  had  been  interrupted  by  sleep 
or  some  debilitating  cause, — a  state  opposite  to 
that  of  co??apse.  Not  unfrequently,  it  is  emploj'ed 
in  the  sense  of  excessive  action, — Super-excita'tio, 
(F.)  Stir-excitation. 

EXCITED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 

EXCITO-MOTIOX,  see  Excito-motory. 

EXCI'TO-MO'TORT.  (F.)  Exeito-moteur.  An 
epithet  applied  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  a  division 
of  the  nervous  system — comprising  the  gray  mat- 
ter of  the  spinal  marrow,  with  the  afferent  and 
efferent  nerves  connected  with  it; — all  of  which 
are  concerned  in  reflex  actions  ;  or  those  by  which 
impressions  are  transmitted  to  a  centre,  and  re- 
fleeted  so  as  to  produce  muscular  contraction 
without  sensation  or  volition.  They  constitute 
the  reficx  system  of  nerves.     See  Xerves. 

The  term  excito-motion  has  also  been  employed 
to  signify  motion,  no  matter  how  excited,  by  the 
reflex  nerves  or  by  volition. — C.  J.  B.  Williams. 

EXCORIATIO,  Eedora. 

EXCORIA'TION,  Excoria'tio,  Excoriatu'ra, 
Am'i/c}ie,iTom  ex,  and  coHum,  'skin.'  (F.)  Ecor- 
chure.  A  slight  wound,  which  removes  only  the 
skin. 

EXCORIATURA,  Excoriation. 

EXCREA'TIOX,  Excrea'tio,  Exserea'fio, 
Serea'tus,  Rasca'tio,  from  ex,  and  screare,  'to 
spit.'  Act  of  spitting.  (F.)  CracTiement.  See 
Exspuitio. 

EX'CREMENT,  Excremen'tum,  Retrimen'tum, 
Excre'tnm,  Excre'tio,  Perit'toma,  Diachoi-e'ma, 
Aph'odos,  Apjhoden'ma,  Apocho'reon,  Apoc'risis, 
Ardas,  Ar'dcdos,  from  excernere,  excretum,  {ex, 
and  eernere,)  'to  separate,'  'cleanse.'  Every- 
thing, which  is  evacuated  from  the  body  of  an 
animal  by  the  natural  emunctories,  as  superfluous ; 
such  as  the  faecal  matters,  the  urine,  perspiration, 
nasal  mucus,  &c.  Generally,  however,  the  term 
is  restricted  to  the  fsecal  evacuations ; — Purga- 
menta,  Hedra,  Sedes,  FcBces,  Stercits,  Cacce,  Spat'- 
ile,  (especially  when  liquid,)  Dejec'tio  ahi'na 
O'nera  ah'i,  Sordes  venfris,  Hijpoclwre'ma,  Gee' - 
lia,  HypocTiore'sis,  Merda,  Merdus,  Catarrhex'is, 
Copras,  Scor. 

Excrement,  Human.  Stercus  humanum. 

EXCRE.MENTIT"IAL,  Excrementit"ious,Ex- 
crer)ientit"ius,  (F.)  Excrementeux,  Exerementitiel. 


That  which  is  similar  to  excrement,  and  forms 
part  of  it.  Excrementitial  humours  or  parts  are 
those  destined  to  be  evacuated  as  incapable  of 
administering  to  the  nutrition  of  the  bodv. 

EXCREM'EX'TO-RECREMENTIT"IAL,^a:- 
eremento-recrementit"ious.  Animal  fluids,  in- 
tended to  be  partlv  absorbed  and  partly  rejected. 

EXCRES'CEXCE,  Excrescen'tia,  Ecphy'ma, 
Phymato'sis,  Hi/jjersarco'sis,  Sarco23hy'ia,  Caro 
excres'cens,  from  excrescere,  {ex,  and  crescere,] 
'to  grow  outwards.'  (Sc.)  Swabtie.  (F.)  Excrois- 
sauce.  A  tumour,  which  forms  at  the  surface  of 
organs,  and  especially  on  the  skin,  mucous  mem- 
branes, or  ulcerated  surfaces.  Excrescences  differ 
in  size,  shape,  cause,  &c.,  and  each  requires  its 
own  treatment.  Warts,  condylomata,  polypi, 
hemorrhoids,  belong  to  this  head. 

EXCRESCENIIA,  Exacerbation,  Protube- 
rance, Tumour — e.  Carnosa,  Sarcoma  —  e.  Fun- 
gosa,  Fungosity — e.  Gingivse,  Epulis  —  e.  Vesicae 
urinariae  carnosa,  Cysthvpersarcosis. 

EXCRETA,  see  Excretion. 

EXCRETEUR,  Excretory. 

EXCRETIO,  Excretion,  Excrement  — e.  Alvi- 
na.  Defecation — e.  Fascum  alvinarum.  Defecation 
— e.  Urinse  involuntaria,  Enuresis. 

EXCRE'TIOX,  Excre'tio,  Ec'crisis,  Evacita'- 
tio,  Ejec'tio,  Expul'sio,  Eges'tio,  Diacliore'sis, 
from  excernere,  excretum,  {ex,  and  eernere,)  'to 
separate.'  The  separation  or  throwing  off  of 
those  matters,  Excre'ta,  Eges'ta,  lon'ta,  Apion'ta, 
from  the  body  of  an  animal,  which  are  supposed 
to   be   useless,  as    the   urine,    perspiration,    and 

EXCRETOIRE,  Excretory. 

EX'CRETORT,  Excreto'rius,  (F.)  Excreteur 
ou  Excretoire ;  same  etymon.  An  Excretory 
vessel  or  d.uct.  Ductus  excreto'rius,  is  one  which 
transmits  the  fluid  secreted  by  a  gland  either 
externally  or  into  the  reservoirs  into  which  it  has 
to  be  deposited.  The  existence  of  an  excretory 
duct  was  regarded  as  a  distinctive  character  of 
the  glands  properly  so  called. 

ExcEETORY  Organ  means  any  one  charged 
with  the  office  of  excreting;  thus,  the  skin  is 
said  to  be  an  excretory  organ,  because  through 
it  the  perspiration  takes  place. 

EXCRETUM,  Excrement. 

EXCROISSANCE.  Excrescence. 

EXCU'TIA  YEXTRIC'ULI,  Stomach  Brush. 
An  instrumentj  composed  of  iron  or  brass  wire, 
at  one  of  the  extremities  of  which  is  a  pencil  of 
bristles.  Some  ancient  authors  proposed  this  to 
extract  foreign  bodies  from  the  oesophagus,  as 
well  as  to  cleanse  the  stomach  of  viscid  and  tena- 
cious matters  adherins:  to  it. 

EXECHEBROXCHUS,  Bronchocele. 

EXECHEGLUTI,  Exischioi. 

EXEDEXS,  see  Herpes  exedens. 

EXELCOSIS,  see  Ulceration. 

EXELCYS'MOS,  from  4,  'from,'  and  f>./ft)a), 
'I  draw.'  Extraction.  Also  the  act  of  breaking 
out  into  ulcers. 

EXELCYSMUS,  Extraction. 

EXENCEPHALE,  from  tl  'out  of,'  and 
tyKtipaKov,  'the  eneephalon.'  A  genus  of  monsters, 
in  which  the  eneephalon  is  situate  in  a  great  mea- 
sure out  of  the  cranium,  the  upper  portion  of 
which  is  almost  whoUy  wanting.  Isid.  G.  St. 
Hilaire. 

EXENTERATION,  Exenterismus. 

EXENTERIS'MUS,  Exenter'isis,  Exentera'- 
tio,  Exentera'tion,  Eviseera'tion,  Deviscera'tion, 
Unbow'elling,  Emhoio'elling  or  Imbow'elling,  Visee- 
ra'tion,  from  tf,  'out  of,'  and  evrepov,  'an  intes- 
tine.'    The  operation  of  taking  out  the  bowels. 

EXERA'MA,  from  t^epaoi,  '  I  throw  out.'  Any 
thing  ca*t  out.  Vomiting;  or  the  matter  vomited. 
— Hippocrates. 


EXERCISE 


361 


EXOGENOUS 


EX'ERCISE,  Exercita'tio,  Exercit" ium,  Asce'- 
fis,  Gymna'sion,  from  exercere,  exercitum,  'to 
work.'  Every  motion  of  the  body  arising  from 
the  contraction  of  muscles  subjected  to  the  will. 
Also,  the  action  of  any  organ  whatever.  Exer- 
cise may  be  active  or  passive.  The  passive  are 
referred  to,  under  the  head  of  Gestation.  The 
chief  active  exercises  are:  —  walking,  running, 
dancing,  hunting,  fencing,  playing  at  ball,  cricket, 
racket,  quoits,  swimming,  declamation,  and  sing- 
ing. Exercise  is  an  important  prophylactic,  par- 
ticularly for  those  disposed  to  be  plethoric.  It 
improves  the  digestion  ;  augments  the  secretions ; 
and,  when  used  in  moderation,  gives  strength  to 
the  body  ;  but  when  carried  to  excess,  produces 
debility  and  disease. 

BXERRHO'SIS,  from  si,  'out  of,'  and  fjsu,'! 
flow.'  The  discharge  which  takes  place  by  in- 
sensible perspiration. 

EXFCETATION,  see  Pregnancy. 
EXFOLIATIF,  Exfoliative. 
EXFOLIA'TION,  Enfolia'tio,  Besquama'tio, 
Ecle2)'is{s,  Ecleip'iais,  from  ex,  and  folium,  '  a 
leaf.'  By  this  is  meant  the  separation  of  the  dead 
portions  of  a  bone,  tendon,  aponeurosis,  or  car- 
tilage, under  the  form  of  lamellaj  or  small  scales. 
Exfoliation  is  accomplished  by  the  instinctive 
action  of  the  parts,  and  its  object  is  to  detach  the 
dead  portion  from  those  subjacent,  which  are 
still  alive.  For  this  purpose  the  latter  throw  out 
fleshy  granulations,  and  a  more  or  less  abundant 
suppuration  occurs,  which  tends  to  separate  the 
exfoliated  part, — n«w  become  an  extraneous 
body.  The  ancients  distinguished  exfoliation 
into  sensible  and  insensible,  according  as  the  dead 
portions  of  bone  were  detached  in  fragments  of 
greater  or  less  size,  or  in  very  thin  pieces,  and  in 
an  almost  insensible  manner.  When  the  dead 
part  embraces  all  or  almost  all  the  substance  of  a 
bone,  it  takes  the  name  Sequestrum. 

EXPO'LIATIVE.  Exfoliati'vus,  Desquamato'- 
rius,  (F.)  Exfoliatif.  That  which  takes  away  by 
leaves  or  scales.  The  term  has  been  applied  to 
certain  medicines,  which  were  regarded  as  proper 
to  hasten  exfoliation,  such  as  alcohol,  oil  of  tur- 
pentine, tincture  of  myrrh,  Ac. 

Exfo'liative  Trepax,  Eclepisitrep'aniun.  An 
ancient  raspatory,  or  instrument  for  scraping  ex- 
foliating portions  of  bone. 
EXHALAISON,  Exhalation. 
EXHA'LANT,  Exha'lent,  Exha'lans,  from  ex- 
halare,  exhalatum,  {ex,  and  Jialare,  'to  breathe,') 
'to  exhale,'  'throw  out.' 

Exhalant  Vessels,  Vasa  exkalan'tia,  are 
very  minute,  and  rise  from  the  arterial  capillary 
system.  They  are  situate  in  every  tissue  of  the 
body,  and  on  the  surface  of  the  mucous  and  se- 
rous membranes  and  skin;  on  which  each  pours 
its  particular  fluid.  Bichat  distinguished  three 
sets.  1.  The  external,  terminating  on  the  mucous 
and  external  dermoid  system,  where  they  pour 
the  matter  of  perspiration.  2.  The  internal,  com- 
prising those  of  the  areolar  and  medullary  tis- 
sues, and  of  synovial  surfaces;  and,  3.  The  nutri- 
tive exhalants,  which  vary  in  each  organ  where 
they  are  found,  and  preside  over  the  phenomena 
of  composition  and  increase  of  every  part  of  the 
body.  The  exhalants  are  the  antagonists  of  the 
absorbents.  They  are  imaginary  vessels,  inas- 
much as  they  cannot  be  detected. 
EXHALATIO,  Evaporation. 
EXHALA'TION,  Exhala'tio;  same  etymon. 
Anathymi'asis,  Apopneu'sis,  (F.)  Exhalaison.  A 
function,  by  virtue  of  which  certain  fluids,  ob- 
tained from  the  blood,  are  spread,  in  the  form  of 
dew,  in  the  areolee  of  the  different  textures,  or  at 
the  surface  of  membranes;  either  for  the  sake  of 
being  thrown  out  of  the  body,  or  to  serve  certain 
purposes.     The  sweat  is  a  liquid,  excrenientitious 


exhalation ;    the   serous   fluid    of   the   pleura,  a 
liquid  reerementitioua  exhalation. 

Exhalation  is,  also,  applied  to  that  which  ex- 
hales from  any  body  whatever,  organic  or  inor- 
ganic, dead  or  living. 

Exhalation,  Pulmonary,  see  Perspiration. 

EXHAUS'TION,  Exar'ysia,  Vires  exhaust's, 
from  exhaurire,  exhaustum,  (ex,  and  haurire,)  'to 
draw  out.'  (F.)  Epuisement.  Loss  of  strength, 
occasioned  by  excessive  evacuations,  great  fatigue 
or  privation  of  food,  or  by  disease. 

EXHIL'ARANT,  Exhil'arans,  from  ex,  and 
hila.ro,  'I  make  merry.'  An  agent  that  exhila 
rates  or  enlivens. 

EXHUMA'TION,  Exhuma'tio,  Effos'sio,  from 
ex,  and  humus,  'the  ground.'  The  disinterment 
of  a  corpse.  The  circumstances  which  render 
this  necessary  are:  —  1.  Judicial  investigations 
relative  to  the  body  of  the  person  inhumed.  2. 
The  removal  of  a  body  from  one  cemetery  to 
another;  and,  3.  The  evacuation  of  cemeteries  or 
sepulchral  vaults.  The  operation  is  attended 
with  much  unpleasant  smell  and  annoyance,  and 
requires  the  use  of  disinfecting  agents,  of  which 
the  most  powerful  is  chlorinated  lime.  See  Dis- 
infection. The  putrid  effluvia  from  animal  sub- 
stances are  not,  however,  found  to  excite  endemic 

EXibiA  AURICULA  JUD^,  Peziza  auri- 
cula. 

EXINANIT"IOX,  Exinanit"io,  from  ex,  'out 
of,'  and  inanis,  'empty.'  Extreme  exhaustion; 
complete  evacuation. 

EXISCH'IUM.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Prominence  of  the  hips. 

EXIS'CHIUS,  Exis'chus,  from  sf,  'out  of,' 
and  ia)(^iov,  'the  ischium.'  A  luxation  of  the  os 
femoris.  Those  with  large  nates,  and  prominent 
hips,  were  formerly  called  E.tis'chioi  and  Exeche- 
glu'ti. 

EXITU'RA,  from  exire,  exitum,  (ex,  and  eo,) 
'to  go  out.'  According  to  some,  any  abscess 
which  discharges.  Paracelsus  calls  thus  every 
kind  of  putrid  excrement. 

EX'ITUS.  Same  etymon.  The  outer  termi- 
nation or  exit  of  a  canal.  The  termination  of  a 
disease. 

EXOARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 

EXOCARDIAC,  see  Endocardiac. 

EXOCARDIAL,  see  Endocardiac. 

EXOCARDITIS,  Pericarditis. 

EX'OCHAS,  Ex'oche,  from  e^^x'^,  (s^,  and 
eX'^;)  'I  project.'  A  soft  tumour  —  as  a  hemor- 
rhoid— outside  of  the  anus.     An  outward  pile. 

EXOCHE,  Eminence,  Exochas. 

EXOCHORIOX,  see  Chorion. 

EXOCOLITIS,  see  Colitis. 

EXOCULA'TIO,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  oeulus, 
'an  eye.'  Want  of  eyes.  Want  of  vision.  Blind- 
ness. 

EXOCYS'TE,  Exocys'tis,  from  if,  'out  of,'  and 
Kvarti,  'the  bladder.'  A  prolapsus  of  the  bladder 
into  the  urethra.  Also  called  Prolap'sus  vesi'ccB, 
jEdo2ito' sis  vesi'ccB,  (F.)  lienversemeut  de  la  ressie. 

Exocys'te  Noelia'na.  Protrusion  of  the  in- 
ner membrane  of  the  bladder.  So  called  from 
M.  Noel,  who  first  accurately  described  it. 

Exocys'te  Solingenia'na.  Protrusion  of  the 
neck  of  the  bladder.  Called  after  M.  Solingen, 
who  first  accurately  described  it. 

EXCEDESIS,  Swelling. 

EXODIG,  Efferent. 

EXOG"ENOUS,  from  sf,  'out  of,'  and  yiwaw, 
'I  engender.'  A  term  first  applied  to  plants  — 
hence  called  Ex'ogens  —  in  which  the  wood  in- 
creases by  annual  additions  to  the  outside. 

In  animal  anatomy,  processes  which  shoot  out 
from  any  part  are  termed  exogenous.     An  exoge- 


EXOGENS 


362 


EXPECTORANT 


flows  aneurism  is   one  caused  by  division,  from 
•without,  of  the  arterial  walls. 
EXOGENS,  see  Exogenous. 
EXOGOGE,  Extraction. 

EXOGONIUM  PURGA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
EXOGOXYAN'CON,    from     tfu,    'outwards,' 
yovv,  'the  knee,'  and  ayKiov,  'an  elbow.'     Bowing 
of  the  knees  outwards. 

EXOINE,  Exohie,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  ido- 
neus,  'fit,'  or  rather  from  exonerare,  'to  exone- 
rate' [?j.  In  France,  a  certificate  of  excuse,  ex- 
3mption,  or  dispensation,  given  to  those  sum- 
moned to  appear  before  a  court  of  justice,  and 
who  are  unable  to  do  so. 
EXOLCE,  Extraction. 
EXOLUTION,  Syncope. 
EXOMETRA,  Prolapsus  uteri. 
EXOMOIOSIS,  Assimilation. 
EXOMPHALOCELE,  Exomphalus. 
EXOM'PHALUS,  Exumhilica'tio,  Exompha- 
loce'le,  Om'phaloce'le,  Hernia  iimhilica'lis,  Om- 
phalex'oche,  Omphalopropto' sis,  Prolap' sus  umbi- 
li'ci,  (F.)  Hernie  omhilicale,  H.  du  nombril,  Um- 
bilical hernia,  from  ef,  'out  of,'  and  ujiipaKoi,  'the 
navel.'  Hernia  occurring  at  the  navel.  This 
affection  happens  more  frequently  in  infants,  and 
takes  place  by  the  umbilical  ring.  In  adults,  it 
occurs  more  commonly  in  females  than  in  males  ; 
and,  when  it  does  so,  the  sac  passes  in  the  vici- 
nity of  the  umbilicus.  The  organs,  found  in  this 
kind  of  hernia,  are  particularly,  —  the  epiploon, 
the  jejunum,  the  arch  of  the  colon,  and  some- 
times the  stomach.  The  tumour  is,  in  general, 
round,  and  presents  all  the  characters  of  hernia. 
It  is,  commonly,  really  reducible,  and  not  sub- 
ject to  strangulation.  It  must  be  reduced,  and 
retained  by  an  elastic  bandage,  made  in  the  form 
of  a  girdle,  and  furnished  with  a  pad  at  its  middle 
part.  When  strangulated,  the  stricture  may  be 
divided  upwards  and  towards  the  left  side. 

EXONCO'MA,  Exoneo'sis,  from  tf,  and  oyKog, 
'a  tumour.'  A  large,  prominent  tumour.  Used, 
by  Galen,  for  protuberance  of  the  vertebra  after 
luxation. 

EXONCOSIS,  Exoncoma  —  e.  Lingute,  Glos- 
soncus. 

EXONEIROGMUS,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 
EXONEIROSIS,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 
EXONEURISM,  Magnetism,  animal. 
EXOPHTHAL'MIA,  Ptosis  seu  Prolap'sus  seu 
Prociden' tia  Oe'uli  seu  Bulbi  Ocidi,  Exorbitis' - 
mus,  Ophthaltnoce'le,  Ophthalmopto'sis,  Ocidi  to- 
tiits  prominen'tia,  from  tl,  'out  of,'  and  o(p5a'Xiios, 
'eye.'  (F.)  Procidenee  de  I'oeil.  .A  protrusion 
of  the  eye  from  its  orbit,  occasioned  by  an  ab- 
scess or  tumour  in  the  areolar  texture  of  the 
orbit;  by  exostosis  of  the  parietes  of  the  orbit, 
&Q.  In  exophthalmia,  the  eye  is  pressed  for- 
wards ;  the  eyelids  are  raised  and  separated,  so 
that  they  can  no  longer  cover  the  eye  and  defend 
it  from  the  action  of  extraneous  bodies ;  it  be- 
comes inflamed,  and  the  sight  is  disturbed  or  de- 
stroyed. The  treatment  of  course  depends  upon 
the  cause. 

Exophthalmia  Fungosa,  Sarcosis  bulbi  —  e. 
Sarcomatiea,  Sarcosis  bulbi. 

EXOPHTHALMUS,  same  etymon.  One  whose 
eyes  are  very  prominent.  The  opposite  to  Coe- 
lophthalmus. 

EXORBITISMUS,  Exophthalmia. 
EXORMIA,  Papula  — e.  Lichen,  Lichen  — e. 
Prurigo,  Prurigo — e.  Strophulus,  Strophulus. 
EXORTUS^'UNGUIUM,  see  Nail. 
EXOSIS,  Luxation. 
EXO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 
EXOSMA,    from   4,    'out   of,'   and   u>Qeu),    'to 
move.'     A  luxated  or  dislocated  limb  or  organ. 
EXOSMIC,  Exosmotic. 
EXOSMOSE',  Exosmo'sis,  Transuda'tion,  from 


tf,  'out  of,'  and  oio-fioj,  'impulse.'  The  opposite 
to  Endosmose.  The  act  by  which  substances 
transude  from  within  to  without  an  animal  or 
other  membrane. 

EXOSMOT'IC,  Exosmot'icua,  Exos'mic,  Exos'- 
mic-is;  same  etymon.     Belonging  to  Exosmose  : 
— as  an  exosmotic  current. 
EXOSSATIO,  Exostosis. 

EXOSTEMMA  GARIB^A,  Cinchona  cari- 
baoas  cortex. 

EXOSTOMA,  Exostosis. 

EXOSTOSE,  Exostosis  —  e.  dea  Dents,  Exos- 
tosis dentium — e.  Sous-ungeale,  see  Subunguial. 

EXOSTO'SIS,  Hi/jjerosto'sis,  Emphy'ma  ex- 
ostosis, Exosto'ma,  Eposto'ma,  Eposto'sis,  Oste- 
o'ma,  Osto'ma,  Osteoph'yta,  Exossa'tio,  Ossis 
Eminen'tia,  (F.)  Exostose,  Osteophyte ;  from  t^, 
'out  of,'  and  oareov,  'a  bone.'  An  osseous  tu- 
mour, which  forms  at  the  surface  of  bones,  or  in 
their  cavities.  Various  kinds  have  been  enume- 
rated. I'vory  Exosto'sis ;  (F.)  E.  eburnee ; — that 
which  has  the  appearance  and  consistence  of 
ivory.  Lam'inar  Exosto'sis;  (E.)  E.  Lamiiiee ; — 
that  which  is  formed  of  laminag  in  superposition, 
or  of  distinct  filaments.  The  Spongy  Exosto'sis 
is  that  whose  structure  is  analogous  to  the  spongy 
tissue  of  bones.  Exostoses  are  sometimes  distin- 
guished into  the  true,  which  seem  to  be  a  projec- 
tion of  the  osseous  substance,  and  which  have  the 
same  organization  and  hardness  as  that  substance; 
and  the  false  or  osteo-sarcoma.  Exostosis  may 
depend  on  syphilis,  scrofula,  rickets,  gout,  &c. 
In  such  cases,  it  is  important  to  get  rid  of  the 
primary  disease. 

Those  exostoses,  which  occur  within  the  bones, 
have,  by  some,  been  called  Enostoses. 
Exostosis,  Spina  ventosa. 
Exostosis  Dentium,  (F.)  Exostose  des  Dents. 
Exostosis  of  the  teeth. 

Exostosis  Steatomatodes,  Osteosteatoma — e. 
Subunguial,  see  Subunguial. 
EXOTERIC,  see  Esoteric. 
'EX0T'lC,Exo'ticu8,  from  e^io,  'without.'  That 
which  comes  from  abroad.  Plants  or  drugs  which 
are  procured  from  abroad  are  so  called.  It  is 
opposed  to  indigenous. 

BXOTICADEN'IA,  from  exotic,  and  aSsta,  'I 
dislike.'     Aversion  for  exotic  drugs. 
EXOTICH^MATOSIS,  Transfusion. 
EXOTICOMA'NIA.     The  opposite  to  exotica- 
denia.     Fondness  for  exotic  remedies. 

EXOTICOSYM'PHYSIS,  from  f^wnKOf,  'fo- 
reign,' and  avijipvats,  'a  growing  together.'  A 
union  or  growing  together  of  foreign  bodies,  as 
of  a  foreign  body  with  the  human. 

EXPANSIO,"  Expansion  —  e.  Museulosa,  Pla- 
tysma  myoides. 

EXPAN'SION,  Expan'sio,  from  expandere, 
expansum,  {ex,  and  pa7idere,  'to  open,')  'to  spread 
out.'  A  prolongation  or  spreading  out,  presented 
by  certain  organs.  Thus,  we  say  an  aponeurotic 
expansion.  &c. 

EXPATRATIO,  Ejaculation  (of  Sperm.) 
EXPECTANT,  Exspec'tans,  from  exspectare, 
exspectatum,  {ex,  and  spectare,  'to  look,')  'to 
wait.'  That  which  waits: — as  Expectant  3Iedi- 
cine,—La  Ifedecine  expectante.  See  Expectation. 
EXPECTA'TION,  Exspecta' tio ;  same  etymon. 
The  word  expectation  has  been  applied,  in  medi- 
cine, to  that  method,  which  consists  in  observing 
the  progress  of  diseases,  and  removing  deranging 
influences,  without  prescribing  active  medicines, 
unless  such  shall  be  imperiously  required.  It 
consists,  in  fact,  in  leaving  the  disease  almost 
wholly  to  the  efforts  of  nature,  and  has  been 
termed  the  art  of  curing  diseases  by  expectation 
or  waiting — Ars  sanan'di  cum  expectatio'ne. 

EXPECTORANT,  Expec'toratim,  Expec'to- 
rans,  Anacathar'ticus,  Spiutato'rius,  Antibe' chicus, 


EXPECTORATIO 


363 


EXSTROPHIA 


Ptys'magogue,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  pectus,  pec- 
toris, 'the  breast.'  A  medicine  capable  of  facili- 
tating or  provoking  espoctoration.  There  is  pro- 
bably no  such  thing  as  a  direct  expectorant. 
They  all  act  through  the  system,  or  by  impres- 
sions made  on  parts  at  a  distance,  which,  through 
the  medium  of  general,  continuous,  or  contiguous 
sympathy,  excite  the  secretory  vessels  of  the  air- 
passages  into  action.  The  following  are  the 
chief  reputed  expectorants  : — Ammoniacum;  Asa- 
foetida;  Galbanum;  Ipecacuanha;  Myroxylon ; 
Myrrha;  Inhalations  of  Iodine,  Stramonium, 
Tar,  Burning  AVool,  Tobacco,  &c.;  Seilla;  Sene- 
ga, and  Tolutanum. 

EXPECTORATIO,  Expectoration  —  e.  San- 
guinis, Haemoptysis  —  e.  Solida,  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis. 

EXPECTORA'TIOiSr,  Expectora'tio,  EcclieV- 
ysis,  Bex  hu'nitda,  Anap'tysis,  Prop'tysis,  Stetho- 
cathar'sis,  Anacathar'sis,  Anahex'is,  Haisiiig. 
Same  etymon.  The  act  of  expelling  from  the 
chest  matters  or  secretions  there  collected  or  ex- 
isting. It  is,  likewise,  used  for  the  expectorated 
matter. 

EXPECTORATION  DE  SANG,  Hemop- 
tysis. 

Expectoration,  Prume-juice,  see  Prune- 
juice. 

EXPECTORATIVE,  Expectorant. 

EXPELLEXS,  Expulsive. 

EXPE'RIENCE,  Experien'tia,  Peira,  Empei'- 
rn,  from  tf,  and  n-tipa,  'a  trial.'  A  knowledge  of 
things  acquired  by  observation.  In  medicine, 
this  knowledge  can  be  obtained  both  by  the  prac- 
titioner's own  experience,  and  by  that  obtained 
from  tradition  and  from  books.  To  profit  by  ex- 
perience requires  a  mind  capable  of  appreciating 
the  proper  relations  between  cause  and  effect; 
and  hence  it  happens,  that  false  experience,  Ex- 
perien'tia  fallax,  is  extremely  common  ;  and  that 
a  man  had  better,  in  many  instances,  trust  to 
that  which  he  has  learned  from  others,  than  to 
his  own  fallacious  observation. 

The  union  of  accurate  observation  by  the  phy- 
sician with  that  handed  down  by  medical  writers 
constitutes  perfect  experience,  so  far  as  it  is  at- 
tainable in  any  individual  case. 

EXPERIENCE,  Experiment— e.  de  Mariotte, 
Mariotte,  experiment  of. 

EXPER'IMENT,  Experiment' turn;  same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Experience.  A  trial,  made  on  the 
bodies  of  men  or  animals,  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
tecting the  effect  of  a  remedy,  or  of  becoming 
better  acquainted  with  their  structure,  functions, 
or  peculiarities.  In  a  more  general  sense,  it 
means  any  trial  instituted  with  the  intent  of  be- 
coming better  acquainted  with  any  thing.  By 
experiments  on  living  animals,  we  have  obtained 
much  valuable  information  in  the  various  depart- 
ments of  medicine;  but  particularly  in  physi- 
ology and  toxicology. 

Experiment  of  Mariotte,  see  Mariotte. 

Experiment  of  Wepfer,  Experimen'ticni  Wep- 
feria'niim.  An  experiment  attributed  to  AVepfer, 
which  consisted  in  injecting  air  into  the  blood- 
vessels of  animals,  with  the  view  of  observing  its 
effects  on  the  economy. 

EXPERS  NUPTIARUM,  Virgin. 

EXPER  T  {'E.),  Exper'tus,  from  ex,  andperifxts, 
'skilled.'  Skilful  or  of  good  experience.  A  phy- 
sician, charged  with  the  duty  of  making  a  report, 
(P.)  Expertise,  upon  any  case  of  legal  medicine. 

EXPERTISE,  see  Expert. 

EXPIRA'TION,  Exjiira'tin,  Exspira'tio,  Ec'- 
pnoe,  Ecpneumato'sis,  Ecpneu'sis,  Apopneu'sis, 
Apop'noe,  Apopnce'a,  from  exspiirare,  [ex,  and 
spirare,  spiratum,)  'to  breathe  out.'  The  act  of 
expelling  from  the  chest,  the  air  received  during 
respiration. 


EX'PIRATORY,  Exinratio'ni  inser'viens. 
Same  etymon.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  ex- 
piration. The  expiratory  muscles  are  all  those 
which  contribute  to  diminish  the  cavity  of  the 
chest,  for  the  purpose  of  expelling  the  air  con- 
tained in  the  lungs,  or  of  producing  expiration. 
These  muscles  are,  chiefly,  the  intercostals,  tri- 
angularis sterni,  quadratus  lumborum,  serratus 
posticus  inferior,  the  oblique  and  recti  muscles  of 
the  abdomen,  and  the  sacro-lumbalis. 

EXPLORATIO,  Exploration  — e.  Abdominis, 
Abdominoscopia. 

EXPLORA'TIOX,  Explora'tio,  Recognit"io, 
from  ex2}lorare,  exploratum,  '  to  search  into.'  The 
act  of  observing  and  attentively  examining  or  in- 
vestigating every  thing  connected  with  a  case  of 
disease.  The  word  is  chiefly  used  in  this  sense 
by  the  French  practitioners. 

EXPLORA'TOR,  CHEST.  An  instrument, 
proposed  by  Dr.  B.  Babington  for  exploring  the 
chest  in  cases  of  empyema.  It  consists  of  a 
needle,  contained  in  the  smallest  sized  canula. 
This  is  passed  between  the  ribs  into  the  chest. 
The  needle  is  then  withdrawn,  and  the  escape  of 
fluid  indicates  the  nature  of  the  case. 

EXPLORATORIUM,  Sound,  Specillum. 

EXPRES'SION,  Exp7-es'sio,  Ecpies'mos,  Ec- 
tJilip'sis,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  premere,  pressum, 
'to  press.'  The  act  of  compressing  a  substance, 
for  the  purpose  of  separating  from  it  the  fluids 
which  it  contains.  Also,  the  manner  in  which 
impressions  made  upon  us  are  depicted;  especi- 
ally in  the  traits  of  the  countenance. 

Expression  of  Sweat,  (F.)  Stteur  d'expres- 
sion,  is  a  term  given  to  the  passive  perspiration 
observable  in  very  debilitated  individuals. 

EXPUITIOX,"Exspuition. 

EXPULSIO,  Excretion — e.Fsecum,  Defecation 
— e.  Fcetiis,  Parturition. 

EXPULSIF.  Expulsive. 

EXPULSIOX,  SPONTANEOUS,  Evolutiin, 
spontaneous. 

EXPUL'SWE,  Expel'left  Exjmho'rius,  (F.) 
Expulsif,  from  expellere,  expulsum,  (ex.  and  peZ- 
lere,)  '  to  drive  away.' 

An  expulsive  bandage,  (F.I  Bandage  expulsif, 
is  one  constructed  with  the  view  of  compressing 
a  part,  from  which  we  are  desirous  of  expelling 
pus,  serum,  &c.  Certain  medicines  were  formerly 
called  expulsives,  which  were  believed  to  have 
the  power  of  driving  the  humours  towards  the 
skin  : — as  diaphoretics,  and  sudorifics. 

EXPULTRIX,  see  A'is  expultrix. 

EXSANGUE,  Exanguious. 

EXSANGUINE,  Exanguious. 

EXSANGUINITY,  Anemia. 

EXSANGUIS,  Exanguious.  Exsanguis  is 
used  by  Ausonius  for  one  exhausted  by  venery ; 
— as  sanguis  meant  sperm  as  well  as  blood.  See 
Sperm. 

EXSARCOMA,  Sarcoma. 

EXSCREATIO,  Excreation. 

EXSECTIO  VIRILIUM,  Castration. 

EXSECTUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EXSICCATIO,  Drying. 

EXSICCATIA^A,  Desiccativa. 

EXSOLUTIO.  Eelysis. 

EXSPIRATIO,  Exspiration. 

EXSPUIT"ION,  Exsp>uit"io,  Spuit"io,  bpu- 
ta'tio,  Anachremp'sis,  Apochremp'sis.  Chremp'sis, 
Ptysis,  Anacine'ma,  Anacine'sis,  (F.)  Expvition, 
Sputation,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  spuo,  'I  spit.' 
Rejection  of  the  matters  accumulated  in  the  pha- 
rynx and  larynx  ;  spitting. 

EXSTASIS,  Ecstasis, 

EXSTIRPATIO,  Extirpation. 

EXSTROPH'IA,  Ex'stvophy,  Ec'strophe,  from 
tf,  'out  of,'  and  aTpo<pri,  'turning.'  Extrover'sio, 
Extrover'sion.    Eversion  or  turning  out  of  a  part 


EXSUCCATIO 


364 


EXTENSOR 


— as  of  the  eyelids.  A  term  used  by  M.  Chaus- 
sier  for  certain  displacements  of  organs,  and 
especially  of  the  urinary  bladder. 

Exstroph'ia  or  Ex'strophy  of  the  Bladder, 
(F.)  Renversement  de  la  Vessie,  is  a  faulty  con- 
formation, in  which  the  organ  opens  above  the 
pubes  ;  so  that  in  the  hypogastric  region  there  is 
a  red,  mucous  surface,  formed  by  the  inner  coat 
of  the  bladder;  on  which  two  prominences  are 
distinguishable,  corresponding  to  the  openings 
of  the  ureters. 

EXSUCCATIO.  Eechymoma. 

EXSUC'TIO,  Suc'tio,  Eemyzc'sh,  from  ex,  and 
siigpi-e,  ancfuin.  'to  suck.'    The  action  of  sucking. 

EXSUDATIO,  Ephidrosis. 

EXSUFFLATIO,  Ecphysesis. 

EXTA,  see  Entrails. 

EXTASE,  Ecstasis. 

EXTE.MPORA'NEOUS,  Extempora'neus,  Ex- 
tempora'lis,  (E.)  Extemporane,  from  ex,  and  tem-^ 
pus,  teniporis,  'out  of  time.'  Those  prescriptions 
are  called  'extemporaneous,'  or  'magistral,' which 
are  made  on  the  spot,  and  composed  according  to 
the  presc-riDtion  of  the  phvsician. 

EXTENSEUR  COMMUN  DES  DOIGTS, 
Extensor  digitorum  communis  —  e.  Commun  des 
orfeiVs,  Extensor  communis  digitorum  pedis  —  e. 
Court  du  'pouce,  Extensor  pollicis  brevis — e.  Long 
da  pouee,  Extensor  longus  pollicis  —  e.  Petit  des 
orteils,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis  —  e. 
Propre  du  petit  doigt,  Extensor  proprius  minimi 
digiti  —  e.  Propre  de  V Index,  Extensor  proprius 
indicis. 

EXTEXSIBIL'ITT,  Extensihil'itas.  A  pro- 
perty, possessed  by  certain  bodies,  of  being  ca- 
pable of  extension  or  elongation. 

EXTEXSIO,  Extension,  Tetanus. 

EXTEN'SIOX,  Exten'sio,  Tnsis,  Ec'tasis,  Ca- 
tnt.'asis,  Anat'asis,  from  extendere,  (ex,  and  ten- 
dere,  tensum.)  'to  stretch  out.'  An  operation  in 
surgery,  in  which  either  with  the  hands  alone,  or 
by  straps,  a  fractured  or  luxated  limb  is  pulled 
strongly,  to  restore  it  to  its  natural  position.  It 
.s  the  opposite  of  Counter-extension. 

EXTEXSOR.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Exlenseur. 
A  muscle,  whose  office  is  to  extend  certain  parts. 

Extensor  Brevis  Digitc'rcm  Pedis,  Ped'i- 
CU8,  (F.)  Cnlcaneo-jjhalanf/iniea  commun,  of  DtJ- 
MAS  ;  Muscle  pedieux  ou  petit  extenseur  des  orteils, 
Calcaneo-sus-phalangettien  commun — (Ch.),  Carre 
du  pied  ;  Short  Extensor  of  the  Toes.  A  muscle, 
situate  on  the  dorsal  region  of  the  foot.  It  arises 
from  the  external  surface  of  the  calcanoum,  and 
at  the  anterior  edge  of  a  ligament,  which  unites 
that  bone  to  the  astragalus.  Anteriorly,  each  of 
its  divisions  terminates  by  a  small  tendon,  which 
is  fixed  successively,  at  the  superior  part  of  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
great  toe,  and  to  the  second  and  last  phalanges 
of  the  next  three  toes.  Its  use  is  to  extend  the 
first  four  toes,  and  to  direct  them  a  little  outwards. 

Extensor  Carpi  Radiaus  BREviOR,seeRadi- 
alis  —  e.  Carpi  radialis  longior,  see  Radialis — e. 
Carpi  ulnaris,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

Extensor  Commu'xis  DiGiTo'RUjr  Pedis,  E. 
Longus  Digitorum  Pedis,  E.  Digitorum  longus, 
Cnemodacti/lcB'ns,  (F.)  Peroneo-tibi-sus-phalanget- 
tien  commun,  Peroneo-sus-phalangettien  commun, 
Extenseur  commun  des  Orteils.  This  muscle, 
also,  is  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  leg.  It 
is  long,  thin,  flattened,  simple,  and  fleshy  above, 
and  divided  into  four  tendons  below.  It  arises 
from  the  outer  tuberosity  of  the  tibia  and  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  fibula,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  superior  part  of  the  posterior  extremity  of 
the  second  and  third  phalanges  of  the  last  four 
toes.  It  extends  the  three  phalanges  of  these 
tfles. 

Fytensor   Digito'ruji  Cojimu'nis,  E.  digito- 


rum communis  mantis  cum  extenso' re  j)ro' prio  auri- 
cida'ris,  Digito'rum  Tensor;  (F.)  Epicondylo- 
sus-phalangettien  commun  —  (Ch.,)  —  Extenseur 
commun  des  Doigts,  Commo7i  Extensor  of  the  Fin- 
gers. A  long,  flattened  muscle ;  simple  above, 
and  divided  into  four  portions  inferiorly.  It  is 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  forearm : 
arises  from  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  hume- 
rus ;  from  the  aponeurosis  of  the  forearm,  and 
from  the  aponeurotic  septa  situate  between  it  and 
the  neighbouring  muscles,  and  is  inserted  at  the 
posterior  surface  ■  of  the  second  and  third  pha- 
langes of  the  last  four  fingers.  This  muscle  ex- 
tends the  phalanges  of  the  last  four  fingers  upon 
each  other,  and  upon  the  metacarpal  bone.  It 
can,  also,  extend  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

Extensor  Digitorum  Longus,  E.  communis 
digitorum  pedis  —  e.  Longus  digitorum  pedis,  E. 
communis  digitorum  pedis — e.  Proprius  hallucis, 
E.  proprius  pollicis  pedis — e.  Indicis,  E.  proprius 
indicis  —  e.  Internodii  ossis  pollicis,  E.  longus 
pollicis  —  e.  Primi  internodii.  Abductor  longus 
pollicis. 

Extensor  Pol'licis  Brevis,  E.  minor  pioVlicis 
mantis  seu  primi  interno'dii  sen  pol'licis  primus 
seu  secun'di  interno'dii  (Douglas,)  seu  secun'di 
interno'dii  ossis  pol'licis  ;  (F.)  Cubito-sus-phalan- 
gien  du  pouce, — (Ch.),  Court  extenseur  du,  pouee. 
Seated  at  the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
forearm.  It  is  thin,  long,  and  broader  at  its 
middle  than  at  the  extremities.  It  arises  from 
the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna  and  the  inter- 
osseous ligament,  and  is  inserted  behind  the  su- 
perior extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
thumb.  It  extends  the  thumb,  and  aids  in  supi- 
nation. 

Extensor  Pol'licis  Longus;  E.  major  pol'li- 
cis mait&s  seu  secun'di  interno'dii  se\x  p>ollicis 
secun'dus  seu  ter'tii  interno'dii  (Douglas,)  seu 
interno'dii  ossis  pol'licis,  (F.)  Cubito-stis-phalan- 
gettien  du  pouee, — (Ch.),  Jfuscle  long  extenseur  du 
potice.  This  muscle  is  long,  flat,  and  fusiform; 
and  is  seated  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  forearm. 
It  arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna 
and  the  interosseous  ligament,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  posterior  part  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  thumb.  It  extends  the  last 
phalanx  of  the  thumb  upon  the  first. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  In'dicis,  E.  proprius 
primi  dig"iti  manus,  E.  In'dicis,  Indica'tor  seu 
secun'di  interno'dii  in'dicis  pro'prius.  (F.)  Cu- 
hito-siis-phalangettien  de  VIndex, — (Ch.),  Exten- 
seur propre  de  I'Index.  This  muscle  is  long  and 
thin  ;  broader  in  the  middle  than  at  the  extremi- 
ties;  and  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
forearm.  It  arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  ulna,  and  is  inserted  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  second  and  third  pha- 
langes of  the  index-finger.  It  extends  the  three 
phalanges  of  the  index-finger:  and  has,  besides, 
the  same  uses  as  the  other  extremities  of  the 
fingers. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  Min'imi  DiG"iTr,  (F.) 
Epicondi/lo-stis-phalangettien  dti  petit  doigt, — 
(Ch.),  Extenseur  propre  du  petit  doigt.  Situate 
on  the  inside  of  the  Extensor  communis  digito'rum. 
It  arises  from  the  external  condyle  of  the  os 
humeri  and  the  aponeurotic  septa  seated  between 
it,  the  extensor  communis  digitorum,  and  the 
extensor  carpi  ulnaris ;  and  is  inserted  into  the 
last  two  phalanges  of  the  little  finger.  Its  use  is 
to  extend  the  little  finger,  and  even  the  hand 
upon  the  forearm. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  Pol'licis  Pedis,  E.  pro- 
prius Hal'lucis  seu  Longus  (DouGLAS,)  seu  pollicis 
longus,  Peroneo-sus-phalangien  du  ponce,  Peroneo- 
sus-phalangettien  du  pouce, — (Ch.)  This  muscle 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  leg.     It  is 


EXTENUATIO 


3  65 


EXTRACTUM 


fleshy,  broad,  flat  above;  small  and  tendinous 
below.  It  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the 
middle  third  of  the  fibula,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
posterior  part  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
last  phalanx  of  the  great  toe.  It  extends  the 
last  phalanx  of  the  great  toe  upon  the  first,  and 
the  first  upon  the  first  metacarpal  bone. 

Extensor  Primi  Internodii,  E.  pollicis  brevis 
—  e.  Secundi  internodii,  E.  pollicis  brevis,  Ex- 
tensor longus  poUieis  —  6.  Secundi  internodii  in- 
dicis  proprius,  E.  proprius  indicis — e.  Tertii  inter- 
nodii, E.  longus  pollicis  —  e.  Tertii  internodii 
indicis.  Prior  annularis  —  e.  Tertii  internodii  mi- 
nimi digiti.  Abductor  minimi  digiti  —  e.  Ossis 
metacarpi  pollicis  maniis,  Abductor  longus  pol- 
licis— e.  Pollicis  longus,  E.  proprius  pollicis  pedis 
— 8.  Pollicis  secundus,  E.  longus  pollicis — e.  Mi- 
nor pollicis  maniis,  E.  pollicis  brevis  —  e.  Primus 
pollicis,  Abductor  longus  pollicis. 

Extensor  Tarsi  Magnus,  E.  Tarsi  sura'lis. 
A  name  given,  by  some  anatomists,  to  the  gas- 
trocnemius and  soleus  combined. 

Extensor  Tarsi  Minor,  Plantar  muscle. 

EXTENUATIO,  Emaciation. 

EXTERGENTIA,  Detergents. 

EXTER'NAL  DISEASES,  Extrin'sic  BU- 
enses,  Morhi  extrin'seci,  Surgical  diseases,  (F.) 
Maladies  externes.  Those  diseases  which  occupy 
the  surface  of  the  body,  and  form  the  object  of 
surgical  pothology,  requiring,  generally,  external 
means,  or  surgical  operations. 

EXTERN  AT.  The  post  or  office  of  an  exteme. 

EXTERNE,  see  House-surgeon. 

EXTERNTIS  AURIS,  Laxator  tympani  — e. 
Mallei,  Laxator  tympani. 

EXTESTICULATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EXTINCTIO,  Death— e.  Hydrargyri,  Ex- 
tinction of  Mercury — e.  Mercurii,  Extinction  of 
Mercury, 

ExTiNCTio  Vocis,  (E.)  Extinction  de  voix.  The 
French  use  this  term  for  cases  in  which  the  voice 
is  not  wholly  suppressed,  but  produces  only  fee- 
ble sounds  : — Incomplete  aphonia. 

Extinc'tion  of  Mer'cury,  Extinc'tio  Mercu'rii 
seu  Hydrar'gyri.  Trituration  of  mercury  with 
lard  or  other  substance,  until  the  metallic  globules 
disappear.  The  mercury  is  then  so  divided,  that 
it  forms  a  black  powder,  generally  considered 
to  be  a  protoxide  of  mercury,  but,  perhaps,  erro- 
neously. 

EXTIRPATIO,  Extirpation— e.  Lingua,  Glos- 
sosteresis— e.  Testiculorum,  Castratio. 

BXTIRPA'TION,  Extirpa'tio,  Exstirpa'tio, 
Ahla'tio,  Aphm'resis,  from  extirpare,  [ex,  and 
xtirps,  'a  root,')  'to  root  out.'  The  complete  re- 
moval or  destruction  of  any  part,  either  by  cut- 
ting instruments  or  the  action  of  caustics.  Thus, 
we  speak  of  the  extirpation  of  cancer,  polypus, 
encysted  tumour,  &c. 

EXTOMIUS,  Eunuch. 

EXTOZOA,  Ectozoa. 

EXTOZOAIRES,  Ectozoa. 

EXTOZOARIA,  Ectozoa. 

EXTRA  -  PEL  VIO-PUBI-  TROCHANTE- 
RIEN,  Obturator  externus. 

EXTRACT,  Extractum  — e.  of  Aconite,  Ex- 
tractum  aconiti— e.  of  Aconite,  alcoholic,  Extrac- 
tum aconiti  alcoholicum  —  e.  Alcoholic,  see  Ex- 
tractum—  e.  of  Aloes,  Extractum  aloes  —  e.  of 
Bark,  Extractum  cinehonae — e.  of  Bark,  resinous, 
Extractum  cinchona  resinosum — e.  of  Belladonna, 
Extractum  belladonna  —  e.  of  Belladonna,  alco- 
holic, Extractum  belladonnje  alcoholicum  —  e. 
of  Bittersweet,  Extractum  dulcamara — e.  of 
Broom-tops,  Extractum  cacuminum  genistse — e. 
of  Butternut,  Extractum  juglandis — e.  of  Casca- 
rilla,  resinous,  Extractum  eascarillee  resinosum — 
0.  of  Chamomile,  B.  anthemidis — e.  of  Cinchona, 
Extractum  cinehonae — e.  of  Colchieum,   Extract 


of  Colchieum  —  e.  of  Colchieum,  acetic,  Extrac- 
tum colchici  aceticum — e.  of  Colocynth,  Extrac- 
tum colocynthidis  —  e.  of  Colocynth,  compound, 
Extractum  colocynthidis  compositum — e.  of  Cu- 
bebs,  fluid,  Extractum  cubebas  fluidum  —  e.  of 
Dandelion,  Extractum  taraxaci — e.  of  Elaterium, 
Extractum  elaterii  —  e.  of  Ergot,  Ergotin  —  e. 
Ethereal,  see  Extractum  —  e.  of  Foxglove,  Ex- 
tractum digitalis — e.  of  Gentian,  Extractum  gen- 
tian eb — e.  of  Hemlock,  Extractum  cicutse^ — e.  of 
Hellebore,  black,  Extractum  hellebori  —  e.  of 
Hemlock,  alcoholic,  Extractum  conii  alcoholicum 

—  e.  of  Henbane,  Extractum  hyoscyarai  —  e.  of 
Henbane,  alcoholic,  Extractum  hyoscyami  alco- 
holicum ^e.  of  Hops,  Extractum  humili,  B. 
lupuli  —  e.  of  Jalap,  Extractum  jalapte  —  e.  of 
Lettuce,  Extractum  lactucee  —  e.  of  Liquorice, 
Extractum  glycyrrhiza — e.  of  Logwood,  Extrac- 
tum hsematoxyli  —  e.  of  Mayapple,  Extractum 
podophylli — e.  of  Meat,  saponaceous,  Osmazome 
— e.  of  Nux  Vomica,  Extractum  nucis  vomica — 
e.  of  Oak-bark,  Extractum  corticis  quercds  —  e. 
of  Pareira  Brava,  Extractum  pareirae  —  e.  of 
White  Poppy,  Extractum  papaveris — e.  of  Quas- 
sia, Extractum  quassia — e.  of  Quinia,  Extractum 
quinia — e.  of  Rhatany,  Extractum  krameria — e. 
of  Rhubarb,  Extractum  rhei  —  e.  of  Rhubarb, 
fluid,  Extractum  rhei  fluidum  —  e.  of  Rue,  Ex- 
tractum ruta — e.  of  Sarsaparilla,  Extractum  sar- 
saparilla  —  e.  of  Sarsaparilla,  fluid,  Extractum 
sarsaparilla  fluidum  —  e.  of  Savine,  Extractum 
foliorum  sabina  —  e.  of  Senna,  fluid,  Extractum 
senna  fluidum  —  e.  of  Spigelia  and  Senna,  Ex- 
tractum spigelia  et  senna  —  e.  of  Stramonium, 
Extractum  stramonii — e.  of  Uva  Ursi,  Extractum 
uva  ursi — e.  of  Valerian,  Extractum  Valeriana 

—  e.  of  Wormwood,  Extractum  cacuminum  ab- 
sinthii. 

EXTRACTA,  see  Extractum  —  e.  Fluida,  see 
Extractum. 

EXTRA  CTIF,  Extractive. 

EXTRACTION,  E.i-trac'tio,  E.x<B'resis,  Ex- 
ogo'cje,  Exolce,  Exelcys'mus,  Enchylo'sis,  from 
extrahere,  extractum,  (ex,  and  frahere,)  'to  draw 
out.'  The  act  of  removing  an  extraneous  sub- 
stance from  any  part  of  the  body.  Thus,  a 
splinter  is  said  to  be  extracted.  It  is  also  ap- 
plied to  the  removal  of  certain  parts.  The  cata- 
ract is  said  to  be  extracted;  a  tooth  is  extracted, 
when  carious,  &c. 

EXTRACTIVE,  (F.)  Extractif.  Same  ety- 
mon. A  peculiar,  immediate  principle,  which 
has  been  admitted  in  extracts.  Thus,  hitter 
extractive  is  the  immediate  principle  of  bitter 
vegetables,  &c. 

EXTRACTS,  see  Extractum  — e.  Fluid,  see 
Extractum. 

EXTRACTUM,  Extract,  Ecchylo'nia,  (F.) 
Extvait,  Apostole.  Same  etymon.  An  extract 
is  prepared  by  evaporating  vegetable  solutions, 
till  a  tenacious  mass  is  obtained.  When  prepared 
from  an  infusion  or  decoction,  it  is  called  a  wateri/ ; 
from  ether,  an  ethereal;  and  from  alcohol,  an 
alcohol'ic  or  a  spirituous  extract.  Both  kinds 
contain  all  the  principles  of  the  vegetable  that 
are  soluble  in  the  menstrua  with  which  they  are 
prepared;  but  the  volatile  parts  are  dissipated, 
and  some  of  the  fixed  parts  are  decomposed  ;  the 
proper  extractive  is  oxygenized,  and  the  virtues 
of  the  vegetable  substance  consequently  altered 
or  destroyed.  Extracts  are  hard,  soft,  or  Jinid : 
the  consistenc-e  of  the  soft  being  such  as  to  retain 
the  pilular  form  without  the  addition  of  a  powder. 
A  patent  was  taken  out,  many  years  ago,  by  a 
Mr.  Barry,  of  London,  for  preparing  them  in 
vacuo;  and,  as  the  temperature  is  much  lower 
than  in  the  ordinary  method,  the  virtues  of  the 
plant  are  less  altered,  and  the  extracts  are  gene- 
rally gre«n.     Extracts  are  also  prepared  by  dis- 


EXTRACTUM 


366 


EXTRACTUM 


placement  or  percolation.  They  have,  likewise, 
received  different  names,  according  to  their  pre- 
dominant principle.  The  gummy  or  mucous,  or 
mucilaginous,  are  those  which  are  mainly  com- 
posed of  gnm  or  mucilage.  Gum  tragacanth 
may  be  considered  a  pure  gummy  extract.  Gela- 
tinous extracts  are  those  composed  especially  of 
gelatin ;  resinous  extracts,  those  of  a  resinous 
character ;  extracto-resinous,  those  composed  of 
extracUve  or  colouring  matter  and  resin;  gum- 
resinous,  those  containing  gum  and  resin ;  and 
sapoua'ceous  or  sapona'ceous  saline,  those  con- 
taining a  notable  quantity  of  saline  substances 
and  a  resinous  matter,  so  combined  with  mucus 
and  other  soluble  substances,  that  they  cannot  be 
separated.  Under  the  name  Fluid  Extracts  — 
Extracta  Flu'ida  —  a  class  of  preparations  has 
been  introduced  into  the  United  States  Pharma- 
copoeia (1851),  the  distinctive  character  of  which 
is,  the  concentration  of  the  active  ingredients  of 
medicinal  substances  into  a  small  bulk,  in  the 
liquid  form.  Extractum  sarsaparillae  fluidum  is 
one  of  these. 

Extractum  Absin'thii  Cacu'winum,  Extract 
of  WormiDOod.  (A  decoction  defecated  and  eva- 
porated.) The  flavour  is  dissipated  along  with 
the  essential  oil.  It  is  a  bitter  tonic.  Dose,  gr. 
X  to  9j,  in  pill. 

Extractum  Aconi'ti,  Extract  of  Ac'onite,  Suc- 
cus  spissa'tus  aconiti  nnpelli,  (from  the  inspissated 
juice  without  defecation.)  It  is  esteemed  to  be 
narcotic  and  diuretic;  and  has  been  given  in  the 
cases  referred  to  under  Aconitum.  Dose,  gr.  j, 
gradually  increasing  it. 

Extractum  Aconi'ti  Alcohol'ictjm,  Alcoholic 
Extract  of  Aconite.  (Aconit.  in  pulv.  crass,  lb  j  ; 
Alcohol,  dilut.  Oiv.  Moisten  the  aconite  with 
half  a  pint  of  diluted  alcohol :  let  it  stand  for  24 
hours:  transfer  it  to  a  displacement  apparatus, 
and  gradually  add  the  remainder  of  the  diluted 
alcohol.  When  the  last  portion  of  this  has  pene- 
trated the  aconite,  pour  in  from  time  to  time 
water  sufficient  to  keep  the  powder  covered. 
Stop  the  filtration  when  the  liquid  which  passes 
begins  to  produce  a  precipitate,  as  it  falls,  in 
that  which  has  already  passed.  Distil  oif  the 
alcohol,  and  evaporate  to  a  proper  consistence. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  half  a  grain  or  a  grain. 

Extractum  Al'oiss,  Extract  of  Aloes,  E.  aloes 
aquo'sum  seu  purifica'tum,  Pu'rified  extract  of 
aloes.  ( The  gummy  part  extracted  hy  boiling 
water,  defecated  and  inspissated.)  Dose,  gr.  v  to 
gr.  XV. 

Extractum  Aloes  Aquosum,  E.  aloes  —  e. 
Aloes  purificatum,  E.  aloes. 

Extractum  Antrem'idis,  E.  anthemidis  iio'- 
hilis  seu  ehammme'li  seu  florum  chammme'U,  Ex- 
tract of  Cham'omile.  The  volatile  oil  is  dissipated 
in  this  preparation.  It  is  a  pure,  grateful  bitter, 
and  is  tonic  and  stomachic.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  gr. 
XX,  in  pills. 

Extractum  Asparagi,  see  Asparagus. 

Extractum  Belladon'n^,  Succus  spissa'tus 
at'ropce  belladon'ncB,  Extract  of  Belladon'na  [an 
expressed  juice  inspissated).  Properties  same 
as  those  of  the  plant.  Dose,  gr.  i,  gradually 
increased.  It  dilates  the  pupil  when  applied  to 
the  eye. 

Extractum  Belladonna  Alcohol'icum,  Al- 
cohol'ic  extract  of  Belladonna.  (Prepared  like 
the  extractum  aconiti  alcoholicum. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  half  a  grain  or  a  grain. 

Extractum  Cannabis,  see  Bangue. 

Extractum  Carnis,  Extract  of  Flesh.  An 
extract  formed  by  evaporating  beef  tea  in  a 
water-bath.  It  can  be  kept  for  sale.  An  ounce 
of  it  may  represent  thirty-two  ounces  of  meat. 

Extractum  Cascaril'lje  Eesino'sum,  Res'- 
inous  extract  of  cascaril'la.     (Cort.  cascarillcB,  in 


pulv.  crass.  Ibj  ;  Sp.  vini  reef.  Wiv.  Digest  for 
four  days;  then  decant  and  strain;  boil  the  resi- 
duum in  ten  pints  of  water  to  two;  filter  and 
evaporate  the  decoction,  and  distil  the  tincture 
in  a  retort,  till  both  are  thickened;  then  mix  and 
evaporate  to  a  pilular  consistence.)  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  gr.  XX,  in  pills. 

Extractum  Catechu,  Catechu  —  e.  Catharti- 
cum,  E.  ColocynthidiG  compositum. 

Extractum  Cathol'icum,  (F.)  Extrait  Oatho- 
lique.  This  epithet  is  given  to  pills  composed  of 
aloes,  black  hellebore,  and  colocynth,  resin  of 
jalap,  and  scammony.  See,  also,  Extractum  co- 
locynthidis  compositum. 

Extractum  Cham^meli,  E.  Anthemidis  —  e. 
Cicutas,  E.  Conii. 

Extractum  CiNCHo'NiE,  E.  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni 
seu  Gincho'n-cB  llolle.  Extract  of  Cincho'na  or  of 
Bark.  [A  decoction  evaporated.)  The  active 
principles  are  similar  to  those  of  the  bark  in 
substance;  but  it  is  not  so  effectual,  owing  to 
the  chymical  change  induced  in  the  drug  during 
the  boiling.  When  reduced,  by  drying,  to  a  state 
fit  for  being  powdered,  it  is  called  the  Hard  Ex- 
tract of  Bark,  Extrae'tum  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni 
durum,  E.  Cincho'na  durum.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss. 

Extractum  Cinchona  FlaVjE,  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States  (1842),  is  directed  to 
be  prepared  as  follows:  Yellow  Bark,  m  coarse 
powder,  fttj ;  Alcohol,  Oiv;  Wetter,  a  sufiBcient 
quantity.  Macerate  the  Peruvian  bark  with  the 
alcohol  for  four  daj's  ;  then  filter  by  a  displace- 
ment apparatus,  and  when  the  liquid  ceases  to 
pass,  pour  gradually  on  the  bark  water  suflScient 
to  keep  its  surface  covered.  AVhen  the  filtered 
tincture  measures  four  pints,  set  it  aside,  and 
proceed  with  the  filtration  until  six  pints  of  infu- 
sion are  obtained.  Distil  off  the  alcohol  from  the 
tincture  and  evaporate  the  infusion  till  the  liquids 
are  respectively  brought  to  the  consistence  of  thin 
hone}';  then  mix  and  evaporate  to  form  an  ex- 
tract.—Ph.  U.  S. 

Extractum  Cincho'na  Pal'lid^  (Ph.  L  &,  E.) 
May  be  prepared  in  the  same  manner. 

Extractum  Cinchonve  Resino'sum,  E.  Cin- 
chonce  lancifo'licB  seu  Cinchonas  RnbrcB  resino'- 
sum, Res'inous  Extract  of  Bark,  E.  Cincho'ncB 
Resi'na.  The  aqueo-spirituous  extract  contains 
both  the  extractive  and  resin  of  the  bark.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  xxx. 

Extractum  Cincho'na.  Rubr^e  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
may  be  prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  Extrac- 
tum cinchonas  flavfe. 

Extractum  Col'chici,  Extract  of  Colchicum, 
(Ph.  L.,)  is  prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  Ex- 
tractum Aconiti.     Dose,  one  or  two  grains. 

Extrac'tum  Col'chici  Ace'ticum,  Ace'toua  or 
Ace' tic  Extract  of  Colchicum.  [Colchic.  rad.  in 
pulv.  crass.  Ibj,  Acid.  acet.  f^iv,  AqucB  q.  s.  To 
the  acid  add  a  pint  of  water,  and  inix  this  with 
the  root.  Put  the  mixture  in  a  percolator,  and 
pour  on  water  until  the  liquid  that  passes  has 
little  or  no  taste.  Evaporate  to  a  proper  consist- 
ence.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gr.  j  to  gr.  iij. 

Extractum  Colocyn'thidis,  Extract  of  Ool'o- 
cynth.  (Ph.  L.  &  E.)  A  cathartic,  in  the  dose 
of  from  gr.  v  to  ^ss. 

Extractum  Colocyn'thidis  Compos'itum,  E. 
Cathar'ticum  seu  Cathol'icum  seu  Querceta'ni, 
Coinpound  Extract  of  Colocynth.  {Colocynth. 
piulp.  concis.  ^vj.  Aloes  pulv.  ^xij,  Scammon. 
pulv.  ^iv,  Cardamom,  pulv.  ^j,  Saiionis  ,^iij, 
Alcohol,  dilut.  cong.  Macerate  the  pulp  in  the 
spirit  at  a  gentle  heat  for  four  days;  strain;  add 
tlie  aloes  and  scammony;  then  distil  off  the  spirit 
and  mix  in  the  cardamom  seeds.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It 
is  an  active  cathartic,  and  is  used  in  obstinate 
visceral  obstructions,  <fec.     Dose,  gr.  vj  to  ^ss. 

Extractum  Coni'i,  E.  Cicu'tm,  Succus  ciciitm 


EXTRACTUM 


367 


EXTRACTUM 


tpisaa'tits,  S.  spissatus  conii  macula'ti,  Extract  of 
Hemlock.  [Exjjressed  juice  inspissated  without 
defecation.)  Employed  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
conium.     Dose,  gr.  iij  to  Qj. 

ExTRACTUM  Conii  Alcohol'icum,  Alcoholic 
Extract  of  Hemlock.  (Prepared  like  the  Ex- 
traetum  aconiti  alcoholicum. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
two  or  three  grains. 

ExTRACTUM  CoNVOLTULi  Jalap^,  E.  jalapsB 
— e.  Cortieis  Peruviani,  E.  Cinchona. 

Extract'dm  Cubeb'^  Elu'idum,  Fluid  Ex- 
tract of  Calebs.  [Ciibebs  exhausted  by  ether 
through  percolation,  and  the  solution  evaporated. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  from  5  to  .30  minims. 

Extractum  Digita'lis,  Extract  of  Foxglove. 
Prepared  like  Extractum  conil.  Dose,  from  half 
a  grain  to  two  grains. 

Extractum  Dulcama'r^,  Extract  of  Bitter- 
sweet. (Prepared  by  displacement  from  bitter- 
sweet in  coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Elate'rxi,  Elate'rium,  Extract  of 
Elaterium.  (The  fecula  of  the  ex])ressed  juice.) 
It  is  violently  cathartic,  hydragogue,  and  some- 
times emetic.  Dose,  gr.  ss  every  hour  till  it 
operates. 

Extractum  ErgotjE,  Ergotin. 
Extractum  Genis't^  Cacu'minum,  Extract  of 
Broom    Topis.     Diuretic   and   stomachic.     Dose, 
,^ss  to  5J. 

Extractum  Gentia'nje,  E.  Gentia'nce  lu'teas 
seu  liadi'cis  Gentia'nm,  Extract  of  Gen'tian. 
[The  evaporated  decoction.)  Prepared  also  by 
displacement. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties  like  those 
of  Gentian.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss- 

Extractum  Glycyrrhi'z^,  Succus  Glycyrrhi'- 
Z(B  inspissa'tus  seu  Liquirit"icB,  <?)jo?n's/i  Juice, 
Ital'ian  Juice,  Extract  of  Liquorice.  {The  eva- 
pjorafed  decoction.)  It  is  demulcent,  taken  ad 
libitum. 

Refined  Liquorice,  'which  is  sold  in  the  form 
of  cylinders,  is  made  by  gently  evaporating  a 
solution  of  the  pure  extract  of  liquorice  with  half 
its  weight  of  gum  Arabic,  rolling  the  mass  and 
cutting  it  into  lengths,  and  then  polishing,  by 
rolling  them  together  in  a  box. 

Extrac'tum  Gram'inis,  Extract  of  Grass. 
An  e.xtract  prepared  from  Triticum  repiens.  It  is 
considered  by  the  Germans  to  be  a  mild  tonic; 
and  is  greatly  used,  especially  in  convalescence 
from  fever.  It  is  probably  devoid  of  all  injurious 
properties,  and  as  probably  totally  inefficacious. 

Extractum  H^matox'yli,  E.  Hcematox'yli 
Campechia'ni  seu  Scobis  Hcematox'yli,  Extract 
of  Logwood.  [The  evaporated  decoction.)  It  is 
astringent.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j- 

Extractum  Helleb'oui,  E.  Hellebori  nigri, 
Extract  of  Black  HeU'ebore.  [The  evaporated 
decoction.)  In  large  doses,  this  is  cathartic;  in 
smaller,  diuretic,  resolvent,  [?]  and  emmena- 
gogue.  [?]  Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  gr.  x  to  9j  ;  as 
an  emmenagogue,  gr.  iij  to  gr.  x. 

Extractum  Hellebori,  of  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States  (1842),  is  prepared  from 
Black  Hellebore,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum. 

Extractum  Hu'muli,  E.  Lu'puli,  Extract  of 
hops.  [The  evaporated  decoction.)  It  is  tonic, 
anodyne,  [?]  diuretic.  [?]     Dose,  gr.  v  to  ^j. 

Extractum  Hyoscy'ami,  Succus  spnssa'tus 
Hyoscyami,  Extract  of  Henbane.  [The  expressed 
juice,  inspissated  loithout  defecation.)  Its  virtues 
are  narcotic.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  Qss. 

Extractum  Hyoscyami  Alcohol'icum,  Alco- 
holic Extract  of  Henbane.  (Prepared  from  leaves 
of  Hyoscyamus,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
one  or  two  grains. 

Extractum  Jala'p^,  E.  Convol'vuli  JalapcB 
seu  Jala'pii  seu  Jala'pi,  E.xtract  of  Jalaji.     [A 


spirituous  tincture  distilled ;  and  an  aqueous  de- 
coction evaporated ;  the  residua  being  mixed  toge- 
ther:  kept  both  soft  and  hard.)  It  is  cathartio 
and  hydragogue.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  Qj. 

Extractum  Jalaps  of  the  Ph.  U.  S.  is  pre- 
pared like  Extractum  cinchonse.  Ph.  U.  S. 

Extractum  JalaPjE  Resino'sum,  Eesi'na 
Jala'pm,  Res'inous  Extract  of  Jalap.  This  is 
cathartic. 

Extractum  Juglan'dis,  Extract  of  Butternut. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  butternut,  in 
coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Krame'ri^,  Extract  of  Rhatany. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  rhatany,  in 
coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Lactu'c^,  Succus  spissa'tus  Lac- 
tuccB  sati'vcB,  Extract  of  Lettuce.  [Leaves  of 
fresh  lettuce  Ibj  ;  beat  them  in  a  stone  mortar, 
sprinkling  them  with  water;  then  express  the 
juice  and  evaporate,,  without  allowing  it  to  sub- 
side until  it  acquires  a  proper  degree  of  consist- 
ence.) It  is  said  to  be  narcotic  and  diophoretic. 
Dose,  gr.  iij  to  gr.  x. 

An  extract  is,  sometimes,  made  from  the  juice 
of  the  zvild  lettuce,  Lactuca  viro'sa,  which  is  re- 
garded as  diuretic. 

Extractum  Martis  Aceticum,  Ferri  Acetas — 
e.  Nucis  Vomica,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

Extractum  Nucis  Vom'icjE,  Extract  of  Nux 
Vomica  [Nucis  Vomic.  Ibj  ;  Alcohol,  q.  s.  Ex- 
pose the  nux  vomica  to  steam  until  it  is  softened, 
slice,  dry  and  grind  to  powder.  Put  it  into  a 
percolator,  and  pour  alcohol  upon  it  gradually, 
until  the  liquor  passes  without  bitterness.  Filter, 
distil  off  the  alcohol,  and  evaporate.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  from  half  a  grain  to  two  grains. 

Extractum  O'pii,  E.  Opni  aquo'sxim  seu  The- 
ba'icum  seu  Opii  gummo'snm,  Extract  of  Opium, 
Lau' danum  opia' turn  seu  simplex.  Opium  cola'tum 
seu  depura' turn.  [A  watery  solution  defecated 
and  evaporated.)  Dose,  gr.  ss  to  gr.  v, — about 
half  that  of  opium. 

Extractum  Panchymago'gum.  a  drastic  me- 
dicine, composed  of  colocynth,  bruised  tcith  its 
seeds  ;  senna  bruised  ;  black  hellebore  root.  Aga- 
ric, Scammony,  in  powder.  Extract  of  Aloes,  and 
Powder  of  Diarrhodon. 

Extractum  Papav'eris,  E.  Papav'eris  som^ 
nif'eri  seu  Papaveris  albi,  Extract  of  v:hite pojjpy. 
[The  decoction  evapiorated.)  It  possesses  nearly 
the  same  virtues  as  opium,  but  is  much  weaker. 
Dose,  gr.  ij  to  ^j. 

Extractum  Parei'r^,  Extract  of  Parei'ra 
Brava.  Prepared  like  Extractum  H^matoxyli. 
Dose,  ten  grains  to  half  a  drachm. 

Extractum  Pip'eris  Elu'idum,  Fluid  Extract 
of  Black  Pepper.  [Black  pepper  exhausted  by 
ether  through  percolation,  the  solution  evaporated, 
and  the  piperin  in  crystals  separated  by  expres- 
sion.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  one  or  two  minims. 

Extractum  Podophyl'li,  Extract  of  3Iay- 
apple.  (Prepared  from  podophyllum,  in  coarse 
powder,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Extract  of 
cinchona. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr.  xv,  as 
a  cathartic. 

Extractum  Purgans,  see  Hede.a  helix  —  e. 
Quercetani,  E.  Colocynthidis  compositum. 

Extractum  Quas'si^,  Extract  of  Quassia. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  Quassia  rasped. 
— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  as  a  tonic,  five  grains. 

Extractum  Cor'ticis  Quercus,  Extract  of 
oak  bark.  [The  decoction  evaporated.)  It  is  as- 
tringent and  tonic. 

Extractum  Qui'ni^,  Qniniee  sulphas  imjyu'rus. 
This  is  made  by  evaporating  the  liquor  poured 
off  the  crystals  of  sulphate  of  quinia  to  the  con- 
sistence of  a  pilular  mass.  Twenty-four  grains 
will  generally  arrest  an  intermittent. 

Extractum  Rhei,  Extract  of  Rhubarb.      (A 


EXTRACTUM 


368 


EXUVIATION 


solution  in  diluted  alcoTiol  evaporated.)  Uses 
like  those  of  the  powdered  root.  Dose,  gr.  x. 
to  ^ss. 

ExTRACTTJM  Rhbi  FLU'idum,  Fluid  Extract  of 
Rhubarb.  (Rhej  in  pulv.  crass.  §viij,  Sacchar. 
^y,  Tinct.  Zingib.  f^ss,  01.  foenicuL,  01.  anis. 
ka  Tr\^iv;  Alcohol.  dUut.  q.  s.  Digest  the  rhu- 
barb, mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  coarse  sand, 
with  ^xij  of  the  diluted  alcohol  for  24  hours. 
Put  the  mass  into  the  percolator,  and  pour  on 
diluted  alcohol  until  the  liquid  that  passes  has 
little  odour  or  taste  of  rhubarb ;  evaporate  to  f  ^  v  ; 
dissolve  it  in  the  sugar,  and  mix  the  tincture  of 
ginger  and  oils.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^j. 

ExTRACTUM  Ru'dii,  Extract  of  Rudius,  (F.) 
Extrait  de  Rudixis.  Pills  made  of  colocynth, 
agaric,  scam.mony,  roots  of  black  hellebore  and 
jalap,  socotrine  aloes,  cinnamon,  mace,  cloves,  and 
alcohol. 

ExTRACTUM  RuTJi;  Grateolen'tis,  E.  RutcB 
senfolio'rum  Rutm,  Extract  of  Rue.  (A  decoc- 
tion evaporated.)  Tonic,  stomachic.  The  vola- 
tile oil  being  dissipated  in  the  boiling,  this  is  not 
a  good  preparation.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  Qj. 

ExTRACTUM  Folio'rdm  Sabi'n.13,  Extract  of 
Savine.  (A  decoction  evaporated.)  Tonic.  The 
same  remarks  may  be  made  on  this  preparation 
as. on  the  last.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss. 

ExTRACTUM  SANGniNis  BoviNi,  SCO  Blood. 
ExTRACTUM  Sarsaparil'l^e,  Extract  of  Sar- 
saparil'la.  [A  strained  decoction,  evaporated.) 
Virtues  the  same  as  those  of  the  powdered  root. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^J-  Extractum  Sarsnparillm  of 
the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  is  prepared 
from  Sarsaparilla,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum. 

Extractum  Sarsaparilla  flu'idum.  E.  Sarsas 
Liq'uidum,  E.  Sarzm  Fluidnm,  Fluid  Extract  of 
Sarsaparilla.  {Sarsaparill.  coneis.  ct  contus. 
^xv.i,  Gh/cyrrhiz.  contus.,  Sassafr.  rad.  contus., 
aa  §ij,  Mezerei  coneis.  J^^'j?  Sacchar.  §xij,  Alco- 
hol, dibit.  Oviij.  Macerate,  with  the  exception 
of  the  sugar,  for  14  days  ;  express  and  filter  ;  eva- 
porate to  f.^xij  ;  and  add  the  sugar.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  a  fluidrachm. 

Extractum  Saturisti,  Goulard's,  Liquor 
plumbi  subacetatis  —  e.  Scobis  htematoxyli,  E. 
hseraatoxyli. 

Extractum  Senna  flu'idum,  Fluid  Extract 
of  Senna.  (SenncB  in  pulv.  crass.  Ibijss  ;  Sac- 
char. .^xx;  01.  Foenicul.  f ^j  ;  Sp.  uEther.  com- 
j)os.  f^)y,  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oiv.  Mix  the  senna 
and  diluted  alcohol;  let  the  mixture  stand  for  24 
hours  ;  put  it  into  a  percolator,  and  gradually 
pour  on  water  mixed  with  one-third  its  bulk  of 
alcohol,  until  a  gallon  and  a  half  of  liquid  shall 
have  passed;  evaporate  to  f5xx;  add  the  sugar, 
and,  when  it  is  dissolved,  the  compound  spirit  of 
ether  holding  the  oil  in  solution.     Dose,  f.^ss. 

Extractum  Spige'lia  et  Senna  flu'idum, 
Fluid  Extract  of  Spigelia  and  Senna.  Spigel. 
in  pulv.  crass.  Ibj  ;  Sennm  in  pulv.  crass.  §vj  ; 
Sacchar.  Hiiss  ;  Potass,  carbon,  ^vj  ;  01.  Carui, 
01.  Anisi,  aa  f  ^ss  :  Alcohol,  dilut.  q.  s.  Pour 
on  the  spigelia  and  senna  Oij  of  diluted  alcohol; 
let  it  stand  for  48  hours  ;  place  it  in  a  percolator, 
and  pour  on  gradually  diluted  alcohol  until  half 
a  gallon  has  passed:  evaporate  to  a  pint;  add 
the  carbonate  of  potassa ;  and  afterwards  the 
sugar,  previously  triturated  with  the  oils,  and 
dissolve.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Stramo'nii,  E.  Stramo'nii  fnlio'- 
rum,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Extract  of  Stramo'nimn  or  of 
Stramoni am  leaves.  (The  expressed  juice  inspis- 
sated.) The  Extractum  Stramonii  Sem'inis,  Ex- 
tract of  Stramonium  Seed,  is  made  from  the  pow- 
dered seed  by  means  of  diluted  alcohol,  and  with 
the  aid  of  the  percolator:  —  the  solution  being 
evaporated.     Ph.  U.  S.}      Used  as   a  narcotic  in 


asthma   and  other  spasmodic  affections.     Dose, 
gr.  ij  to  gr.  X. 

Extractum  Styracis,  see  Styrax. 
Extractum  Tarax'aci,  E.  Ilerbce  et  Radi'cis 
Tarax'aci,  Extract  of  Dandeli'on.     ( The  strained 
juice  evaporated.)     It  has  been  considered  deob- 
struent,  laxative,  and  diuretic.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j- 
Extractum  Thebaicum,  E.  Opii. 
Extractum  Utm  Ursi,  Extract  of  Uva  TJrsi. 
{The  Decoction  evaporated.)     Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr. 
xsx. 

Extractum  Valeria'na,  Extract  of  Yale'rian. 
{An  expressed  decoction  evaporated.)  The  virtues 
of  the  valerian  being  dependent  upon  its  essential 
oil,  this  is  an  objectionable  preparation.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  3J. 

A  fluid  extract  of  Valerian,  Extractum  Vale- 
ria'ncB  fin' idum,\ifis  been  introduced  into  the  last 
edition  of  the  Pharmacopceia  U.  S.  (1861).  It  is 
prepared  by  exhausting  the  valerian  by  ether  and 
alcohol,  through  the  percolator,  and  evaporating. 
Dose,  f,^j  or  f  .^ij. 

EXTRAIT,  Extract — e.  Alcoholique  de  noix 
vomique,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica — -e.  de  Kino, 
Kino  —  e.  des  Fruits,  Rob — e.  Hemostatiqne  de 
Boujean,  Ergotin — e.  de  Viande,  Osmazome. 

EXTRA'NEOUS  BODY,  Foreign  body,  from 
extra,  '  without.'  Corpus  extra'neum,  C.  exter'- 
num,  C.  alie'num,  (F.)  Corps  Stranger.  Any  solid, 
liquid,  or  gaseous  substance,  inanimate  or  ani- 
mate, proceeding  from  without,  or  formed  in  the 
body ;  and  which  constitutes  no  part  of  the  body, 
but  occupies,  in  the  substance  of  the  textures,  or 
some  of  the  cavities,  a  place  foreign  to  it. 

EXTR AVAS A'TION,  Extravasa'tio,  Extrava'- 
sion,   from   extra,   '  out  of,'  and  vasa,  '  vessels.' 
Escape  of  a  fluid — extravasa'tum — from  the  ves- 
sel containing  it,  and  infiltration  or  effusion  of  the 
fluid  into  the  surrounding  textures. 
EXTRA VASATUM,  see  Extravasatio. 
EXTRAVASION,  Extravasation. 
EXTREM'ITY,    Extrem'itas,  (F.)  ExtrSmite  ; 
from  extremus,  'the  outermost;'  the  end  or  termi- 
nation of  a  thing.     The  limbs,  aerote'ria,  have 
been  so  called, — as  the  upper  and  lower  extremi- 
ties.    See  Membrum.     It  has  been,  also,  used  to 
express  the  last  moments  of  life  ;    as  when  we 
say,  a  patient  is  in  'extremity,'  (F.)  le  malade  est 
d  I'extremite,  d  touie  extremite. 

EXTRIN'SIC,  Extrin'seeus.     ' From  without.' 
That  which  comes  from  without.     This  term  has 
been  used  for  muscles,  which  surround   certain 
organs    and    attach    them    to    the   neighbouring 
parts ;    in  order  to  distinguish  them  from  other 
muscles,  which  enter  into  the  intimate  composi- 
tion of  those  organs,  and  which  have  been  named 
intrinsic.     Thus,  there  are  extrinsic  and  intrinsic 
muscles  of  the  tongue,  ear,  <fec. 
EXTROVERSib,  Exstrophia. 
EXTUBERANTIA,  Protuberance. 
EXTUBERATIO,  Protuberance. 
EXTUMEFACTIO,  Swelling. 
EXTUS'SIO,  from  ex,  and   tussis,  'a  cough.' 
'I  cough  with  expectoration.' 

EXU'BER,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  'devoid  of,'  and 
ubera,  'breasts;'  Apogalac'tos.  'A  child  which 
has  been  weaned.' 

EXUDATION  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpus- 
cles, exudation. 

EXULCERATIO,  Ecthlimma,  Ulceration  — e. 
Uteri,  Hvstereleosis — e.  Ventriculi,  Gastrelcosis. 
EXUMBILICATIO,  Exomphalos. 
EXUSTIO,  Cauterization. 
EXUTORIUM,  Fonticulus. 
EXUTORY,  Fonticulus. 
EXUVIAE,  see  Exuviation. 
EXUVIA'TION,  Exuvia'tio,  from  exxtere,  'to 
put  off.'     The  shedding  or  casting  off  of  parts,  aa 


EYE 


369 


FACE 


the  deciduous  teeth,  the  skins  of  serpents,  &e., 
which  are  hence  called  Exu'vicB. 

EYE,  Sax.  ea^,  Teuton.  Auge,  Oc'ulus,  Ops, 
Omma,  Ophthal' mos,  Illos,  Op'ttlos  (Doric,)  Vi- 
so'rium  Org'anum,  (Sc.)  Ee,  plural  Een,  (F.)  (Eil. 
The  eye  is  the  immediate  organ  of  vision.  It  is 
seated  in  the  orbit,  while  its  dependencies,  called 
by  Haller  Tutam'rna  Oc'uli,  occupy  the  circum- 
ference of  the  cavity,  and  are  composed  of  the 
eyebrows,  the  eyelids,  cilia,  glands  of  Meibomius, 
Ac.  The  Ball,  Globe,  or  Bulb  of  the  Eye,  Bulbus 
Oc'uli,  is  covered  anteriorly  by  the  tunica  con- 
junctiva ;  is  moved  by  six  muscles,  four  straight, 
two  oblique,  and  is  constituted  of  membranes,  as 
the  sclerotic,  cornea,  choroid,  tunica  Jacobi,  re- 
tina, iris,  hyaloid,  and,  in  the  foetus,  the  mem- 
brana  pupillaris ;  and  of  fluids,  called  Humours, 
or  Media, — the  aqueous,  crystalline,  and  vitreous. 
The  eyeball  is  invested  with  a  membranous  tunic, 
which  separates  it  from  the  other  structures  of 
the  orbit,  and  forms  a  smooth,  hollow  surface,  by 
which  its  motions  are  facilitated.  This  invest- 
ment has  been  called  cell'ular  capside  of  the  eye, 
oc'ular  capsule,  tu'nica  vagina'lis  oc'idi,  vag"inal 
coat,  and  submua'cular  fascia  of  the  eye.  The 
vessels  of  the  eye  proceed  from  the  ophthalmic 
artery.  The  nerves,  except  the  optic,  are  chiefly 
furnished  from  the  ophthalmic  ganglion.  The 
following  are  the  dimensions,  &o.,  of  the  organ, 
on  the  authority  of  Petit,  Young,  Gordon,  and 
Brewster : 

Length  of  the  antero-posterior  diameter  of 

the  eye 0.91 

Vertical  chord  of  the  cornea 0.45 

Versed  sine  of  the  cornea 0.11 

Horizontal  chord  of  the  cornea 0.47 

Size  of  pupil  seen  through  the  cornea,  0.27  to  0.13 
Size    of   pupil   diminished   by    magnifying 

power  of  cornea  to,  from 0.25  to  0.12 

Radius  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  crystal- 
line   0..30 

Radius  of  posterior  surface 0.22 

Principal  focal  distance  of  lens 1.73 

Distance   of  the  centre  of  the  optic  nerve 

from  the  foramen  centrale  of  Sommering...  0.11 

Distance  of  the  iris  from  the  cornea 0.10 


Distance  of  the  iris  from  the  anterior  surface 

of  the  crystalline 0.02 

Field  of  vision  above  a  horizontal  line,  50°  |   ,  gno 
Field  of  vision  below  a  horizontal  line,  70°  J 

Field  of  vision  in  a  horizontal  plane 150° 

Diameter  of  the  crystalline  in  a  woman  above 

fifty  years  of  age 0.37S 

Diameter  of  the  cornea 0.400 

Thickness  of  the  crystalline 0.172 

Thickness  of  the  cornea 0.042 

Eye,  Apple,  see  Melum — e.  Apple  of  the.  Pupil. 

Eye  Balm,  Hydrastis  Canadensis. 

Eye-breek,  Palpebra. 

Eye-breen,  see  Supercilium. 

Eye  Bright,  Euphrasia  ofiicinalis,  Lobelia 
Veronica — e.  Brow,  Supercilium. 

Eye,  Cat's,  Amaurotic,  see  Amaurotic — e.  Cel- 
lular capsule  of  the,  see  Eye. 

Eye,  Cylind'rtcal.  An  eye  is  so  called  in 
which  the  rays  of  light,  on  entering  the  organ,  are 
refracted  to  a  nearer  focus  in  a  vertical  than  in 
a  horizontal  plane. 

Eye  Drop,  Tear. 

Eye  Glass,  Scaphium  oculare,  see  Spectacles. 
Also,  a  glass  adapted  for  the  application  of  colly- 
ria  to  the  eye. 

Eye,  Gum  of  the,  Chassie. 

Eye  Lashes,  Cilia — e.  Lid,  Palpebra — e.  Lid, 
granular.  Trachoma  —  e.  Melon,  see  Melum  —  e. 
Purulent,  Ophthalmia,  purulent,  of  infants. 

Eye  Salve,  Singleton's,  Unguentum  Hydrar- 
gyri  nitrico-oxydi;  Eye-salve,  Smellome's,  see 
Cupri  subacetas. 

Eye,  Sight  of  the.  Pupil. 

Eye  Stone.  The  shelly  operculum  of  small 
turbinidcEe.  Used  at  Guernsey  to  get  things  out 
of  the  eyes.  Being  put  into  the  inner  corner  of 
the  eye,  under  the  eyelid,  it  works  its  way  out 
at  the  outer  corner,  and  brings  out  any  foreign 
substance  with  it. — Gray. 

Eye  Teeth,  Canine  teeth — e.  of  Typhon,  Seil- 
la — e.  Water,  Collyrium — e.  Water,  common.  Li- 
quor zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphora  —  e.  Water, 
blue.  Liquor  cupri  ammoniati  —  e.  Watery,  Epi- 
phora. 

Eye,  White  of  the,  see  Sclerotic. 


F. 


PABA,  Phaseolus,  Vicia  faba  —  f.  .^gyptiaca, 
Nymphsea  nelumbo  —  f.  Cathartica,  Jatropha 
curcas  —  f.  Crassa,  Sedum  telephium  —  f.  Febri- 
fuga,  Ignatia  amara  —  f.  Grseca,  Diospyros  lotus 
—  f.  Indica,  Ignatia  amara  —  f.  Major,  Vicia 
faba  — f.  Pechurei,  Pichurim  Beans  —  f.  Pichu- 
rim,  Pichurim  Beans  —  f.  Purgatrix,  Ricinus 
communis  —  f.  Sancti  Ignatii,  Ignatia  amara  —  f. 
Suilla,  Hyoscyamus  —  f.  Vulgaris,  Vicia  faba. 

FAB^,  Onisci  aselli. 

FABAGELLE,  Zygophyllum  fagabo. 

FABARIA  CRASSULA,  Sedum  telephium. 

FABRICA  ANDROGYNA,  Hermaphrodeity. 

FACE,  Fades,  Vultus,  Voltus,  Proso'pon,  (F.) 
Face.  The  face  is  the  anterior  part  of  the  head. 
It  is  formed  of  13  bones,  viz.,  the  two  superior 
maxillary,  the  two  malar,  the  tioo  ossa  nasi,  the 
two  ossa  unguis,  the  vomer,  the  two  ossa.  spongiosa 
inferiora,  the  two  palate  bones,  and  the  inferior 
maxillary,  without  including  the  frontal  portion 
of  the  OS  frontis,  and  the  32  teeth,  which  may  be 
considered  to  form  part  of  it.  Its  numerous 
24 


muscles  are  chiefly  destined  for  the  organs  of 
sight,  hearing,  taste,  and  smell.  Its  arteries 
proceed  from  the  external  carotid :  its  veins  end 
in  the  jugular,  and  its  nerves  draw  their  origin 
immediately  from  the  brain. 

The  face  experiences  alterations  in  disease, 
which  it  is  important  to  attend  to.  It  is  yellow 
in  jaundice,  pale  and  puffy  in  dropsy;  and  its 
expression  is  very  different,  according  to  the  seat 
of  irritation,  so  that,  in  infants,  by  an  attention 
to  medical  physiognomy,  we  can  often  detect  the 
seat  of  disease. 

Hippocrates  has  well  depicted  the  change 
which  it  experiences  in  one  exhausted  by  long 
sickness,  by  great  evacuations,  excessive  hunger, 
watchfulness,  &c.,  threatening  dissolution.  Hence 
this  state  has  been  called  Fades  Hippocrat'ica, 
Fades  Cadaver'ica,  F.  Tortua'lis.  In  this,  the 
nose  is  pinched  ;  the  eyes  are  sunk ;  the  temples 
hollow;  the  ears  cold,  and  retracted;  the  skin 
of  the  forehead  tense,  and  dry ;  the  complexion 
livid ;  the  lips  pendent,  relaxed,  and  cold,  &c. 


FACE   AGUE 


370 


FAGUS 


The  term  Face  (F.)  is  likewise  given  to  one  of 
the  aspects  of  an  organ ;  thus,  we  say,  the  supe- 
rior face  of  the  stomach. 

FACE  AGUE,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

FACE  INJECT EE,  see  VuXtueux—f.  Vul- 
tueuse,  see  Vultueux. 

Y\C^T,(F.)  Faeette.  Diminutive  of  ^ace.  A 
small  face.  A  small,  circumscribed,  portion  of 
the  surface  of  a  bone,  as  the  articular  facette  of 
a  bnue. 

FACHINGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  at  no  great  distance  from  those 
of  Geilenau,  and  two  miles  north  of  Wisbaden. 
They  contain  free  carbonic  acid  :  carbonate,  sul- 
phate, and  phosphate  of  soda ;  chloride  of  sodium, 
carbonate  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron. 

FA'CIAL,  Facia'lis,  from  fades,  'the  face.' 
Belonging  to,  or  connected  with,  the  face. 

Facial  Angle,  see  Angle,  facial. 

Facial  Artery,  La'hial  artery,  An'gvlar  or 
exter)ial  max'iUary  artery,  A.  palato-labial  — 
(Ch.),  is  a  branch  of  the  external  carotid,  which 
rises  beneath  the  digastricus,  and  is  distributed 
to  almost  every  part  of  the  face.  It  furnishes 
the  inferior  palatal,  submental,  supierior  labial, 
inferior  labial,  and  dorsalis  nasi. 

Facial  Line,  see  Angle,  facial. 

Facial  Nerve,  Ramus  du'rior  sep'timm  conju- 
gatio'nis,  Sympathet'icus  minor,  Par  sep'timum 
seu  facia'le,  Oommu'nicans  fa'ciei  nervus,  Portia 
dura  of  the  7th  pair.  Res' piratory  nerve  of  the 
face.  This  nerve  arises  from  the  inferior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  tuber  annulare,  in  the  groove 
which  separates  it  from  the  medulla  oblongata, 
external  to  the  corpora  olivaria,  and  by  the  side 
of  the  auditory  nerve.  It  issues  from  the  cranium 
by  the  meatus  auditorius  internus ;  enters  the 
aqueduct  of  Fallopius ;  receives  a  branch  of  the 
Vidian  nerve;  forms  a  gangliform  swelling — Intu- 
mescen'tia  gangliform' is  ; — sends  off  filaments  to 
the  internal  muscles  of  the  malleus  and  stapes  ; 
furnishes,  according  to  many  anatomists,  that 
called  Chorda  Tympani ;  makes  its  exit  at  the 
foramen  stylo-mastoideum,  and  divides  into  two 
branches — the  temporo-facial,  and  cervi co-facial. 
On  the  face  it  is  termed  Pes  anseri'nus,  Plexus 
nervo'rum  anseri'nus.     See  Portio  Wrisbergii. 

Facial  Vein,  Pal' ato -labial — (Ch.),  arises  be- 
tween the  skin  and  frontalis  muscle,  and  bears 
the  name  Vena  Fronta'lis,  (F.)  Veine  frontale  ou 
V.  Preparate.  It  then  descends,  vertically,  to- 
wards the  greater  angle  of  the  eye,  where  it  is 
called  Angula'ris;  and  afterwards  descends, 
obliquely,  on  the  face,  to  open  into  the  internal 
jugular,  after  having  received  branches,  which 
correspond  with  those  of  the  facial  artery.  It  is 
only  in  the  latter  part  of  its  course  that  it  is 
called  Facial  Vein.  Chaussier  calls  the  external 
carotid  artery,  Facial  Artery. 

FA'CIENT,  faciens,  'making,'  from  facio,  *I 
make.'  A  suiEs,  as  in  Calefacient,  Rubefacient, 
&c.,  'warm  making,'  'red  making.' 

FACIES,  Face  —  f.  Cadaverica,  see  Face  —  f. 
Concava  pedis,  Sole — f.  Hippocratica,  see  Face — 
f.  Inferior  pedis.  Sole — f.  Tortualis,  see  Face. 

FACTICE,  Factitious. 

FACTIT"IOUS,  Factif'ius,  (F.)  Factice,  from 
/acere,/ac«um, 'to  make.'  Artificial.  That  which 
is  made  by  art,  in  opposition  to  what  is  natural, 
or  found  already  existing  in  nature.  Thus,  we 
say,  factitious  mineral  waters,  for  artificial  mine- 
ral waters. 

FACULTAS,  Faculty— f.  Auctrix,  Plastic  force 
— f.  Formatrix,  Plastic  force  —  f.  Nutrix,  Plastic 
force — f.  Vegetativa,  Plastic  force — f.  Zotica,  Vis 
vitalis. 

FACULTATES  NATURALES,  see  Function. 


FACULTY,  Facultas,  Dy'namis,  Poioer,  Vir- 
tue, (F.)  Faculte,  tiom  facilis,  (itself  from /acere, 
'to  make,')  'what  can  be  made  or  done.'  The 
power  of  executing  any  function  or  act.  The  col- 
lection of  the  intellectual  faeidties  constitutes  the 
understanding.  We  say,  also,  vital  facxdties  for 
vital  properties,  &c.  Faculty  likewise  means  the 
whole  body  of  the  medical  profession,  and,  also, 
a  body  of  medical  or  other  professors. 

YMCAh,  Stercoraceous — f.  Retention,  Consti- 
pation. 

F^CES,  Plural  of  Fcbx  ;  Feces,  Chersee,  'the 
dregs  of  any  thing.'  Fec'idence,  (F.)  Feces.  The 
alvine  evacuations  are  so  called  ;  (F.)  Garderobes ; 
the  excrements,  Impurita'tes  alvincB,  Facal  mat- 
ter.    See  Excrement. 

F^CES  Indurate,  Scybala. 

F^iECOSITAS,  Feculence. 

F^CULA,  Fecula. 

F^CULENTIA,  Feculence. 

F^CUNDATIO,  Fecundatio, 

F^CUNDITAS,  Fecundity. 

FiEX,  Feculence. 

FAGA'RA  OCTAN'DRA,  Xanthox'ylum  oc- 
fan'dra,  Elaph'rium  tomento' sum,  Am'yris  tomen- 
to'sum,  from  fagus,  'the  beech,'  which  it  resem- 
bles. Ord.  Rutacese.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  plant,  which  afi"ords  Tacamaha'ca,  a  resinous 
substance,  that  exudes  from' the  tree  Tacamahaca, 
which  has  a  fragrant,  delightful  smell,  was  for- 
merly in  high  estimation,  as  an  ingredient  in 
warm,  stimulating  plasters,  and  was  given  inter- 
nally, like  the  balsams  generally.  The  East  India 
Tacamahac,  Bal'samum  Vir'ide  seu  Cal'aba  seu 
MaricB,  O'leum  Mar'icB,  (F.)  Baume  de  Calaba, 
Baume  vert,  B.  Blarie,  is  yielded  by  Calophyl'lum 
inophyl'lum  seu  Balsama'ria  Inophyl'lum. 

The  name  Tacamahac  is  also  given  to  a  resin 
furnished  by  Pop'ulus  balsamif'era  seu  tacama- 
ha'ca, (F.)  Peuplier  baumier  ou  de  la  Caroline, 
which  grows  in  the  northern  parts  of  America 
and  Siberia. 

Fagara  Piperi'ta,  (F.)  Fagarier  poivri ;  a 
native  of  Japan,  possesses  the  qualities  of  pepper, 
and  is  used  as  such  by  the  Japanese.  It  is,  also, 
employed  as  a  rubefacient  cataplasm. 

FAGARAS'TRUM  CAPEN'SE.  Nat.  Ord. 
Xanthoxylese.  A  South  African  plant,  the  fruit 
of  which  is  known  to  the  Colonists  as  wild  Car- 
damom ;  and,  on  account  of  its  aromatic  qualities, 
is  prescribed  in  flatulency  and  paralysis. 

FAGARIER  POIVRE,  Fagara  octandra. 

FAGOPYRUM,  Polygonum  fagopyrum. 

FAGUS,  F.  sylvatica. 

Fagus  Casta'nea.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Chestnut  Tree ;  Casta'nea,  C.  vulga'ris  seu 
vesca,  Lo'pima,  Mota,  Glans  Jovis  Theophrast'i, 
Ju'piter's  or  Sardin'ian  Acorn/  the  Common 
Chestnut,  (F.)  Chdtagnier  eommun,  of  the  Oak 
Family.  Ord.  Cupuliferffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia 
Polyandria.  The  Chestnut,  Casta'nea  nux,  (F.) 
Chdtaigne,  is  farinaceous  and  nutritious,  but  not 
easy  of  digestion. 

Fagus  Castanea  Pu'mila.  The  Chin'capin 
or  Chinquapin,  Castanea  Pumila,  (F.)  Chdtaignier 
nain.  The  nut  of  this  American  tree  is  eaten 
like  the  chestnut.  The  bark,  Castanea  {Ph.  U. 
S.),  has  been  used  in  intermittents. 

Fagus  PaRPUREA,  F.  sylvatica. 

Fagus  Sylvat'ica.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Beech,  Fagus,  F.  sylves'tris  seu  purpu'rea, 
Oxya,  Balan'da,  Valan'ida ;  the  Beech  Tree, 
(F.)  Hetre.  The  Beech-nut  or  Beech-mast,  (F.) 
Faine,  affords  an  oil,  by  expression,  which  is  of 
a  palatable  character,  and  is  eaten  in  some  places 


FAIBLESSE 


71 


FALSIFICATION 


instead  of  butter.  It  has  been  supposed  to  be  a 
good  vermifuge,  but  it  is  no  better  than  any  mild 
oil. 

Fagus  Sylvestris,  F.  sylvatica. 

FAIBLESSE,  Debility. 

FAIif,  Hunger — /.  Canine,  Boulimia — /.  de 
Loup,  Fames  lupina. 

FAINE,  see  Fagus  sylvatica. 

FAINT,  see  Syncope. 

FAINTING,  Syncope. 

FAINTING-FIT,  Syncope. 

FAINTISHNESS,  see  Syncope. 

FAINTNESS,  Languor,  Syncope. 

FAIRBURN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
mineral  waters  at  this  place,  which  is  in  the 
county  of  Ross,  in  Scotland,  are  sulphureous, 
and  frequented. 

FAIRNTICKLED,  see  Ephelides. 

FAISANDEES  {VI ANDES),  see  Hypo- 
saprus. 

FAISOEAU,  Fasciculus — /.  Infcrmediaire  de 
Wrisberg,  Portio  Wrisbergii  — /.  Petit,  Fasci- 
culus. 

FAfX,  FcxJtus. 

FALCADINA,  see  Scherlievo. 

FALCES,  see  Falx. 

FAL'CIFORM,  Falcifor'mis,  DrepanoVdes, 
from  falx,  falcis,  'a  scythe,'  and  forma,  'shape.' 
Having  the  shape  of  a  scythe.  This  term  has 
been  applied  to  diflferent  parts.  See  Falx,  and 
Sinus. 

Falciform  Expansion  of  the  Fascia  Lata, 
is  the  scythe-shaped  reflection  of  the  fascia  lata, 
■which  forms,  outwards  and  upwards,  the  opening 
for  the  vena  saphsena,  and  is  attached  to  tlie  cru- 
ral arch  by  its  superior  extremity,  forming  the 
anterior  paries  of  the  canal  of  the  same  name. 

FALLACIA,  Hallucination. 

Fallacia  Optica.     An  optic  illusion. 

FALLAND-E^TL,  Epilepsy. 

FALLING-DOWN,  Epilepsy. 

FALLING  SICKNESS,  Epilepsy. 

FALLOPIAN  TUBE,  see  Tube,  Fallopian. 

FALLPOISON,  Amianthum  muse^toxicum. 


FALLTRANCK,  Faltranek  (G.),  literally, 
a  drink  against  falls.  A  vulnerary.  It  is  a 
mixture  of  several  aromatic  and  slightly  astrin- 
gent plants,  which  grow  chiefly  in  the  Swiss 
Alps,  and  hence  the  name — Vulneraire  Suisse — 
given  to  such  dried  plants  cut  into  fragments. 
They  are  called,  also,  Especea  Vulneraires,  and 
The  Suisse.  Within  the  present  century,  in  Eng- 
land, a  kind  of  vulnerary  beer  was  often  pre- 
scribed, in  country  practice,  in  all  cases  of  in- 
ward bruises.  It  bore  the  name  Cerevis'ia  nigra, 
or  hlacJt  beer,  and  was  formed  by  infusing  certain 
reputed  vulnerary  herbs  in  beer  or  ale. 

The  infusion  of  the  Falltranck  is  aromatic,  and 
slightly  agreeable,  but  of  no  use  in  the  cases  for 
which  it  has  been  particularly  recommended. 

FALMOUTH,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  Falmouth,  in  Cornwall,  England,  resembles 
that  of  Penzance :  and,  like  it,  is  in  many  re- 
spects, a  favourable  retreat  for  the  phthisical 
during  the  winter  months. 

FALSA  VIA,  False  passage. 

FALSE,  Falsus,  Nothus,Pseudo,  Spu'rious,  Bas- 
tard, (F.)  Faux,  Fausse.  This  epithet  has  been 
frequently  added  to  peripneumony,  pleurisy,  &q., 
to  designate  a  disease  similar  to  these,  but  less 
severe.  Most  commonly,  a  severe  catarrh  or 
pleurodynia  has  received  the  name.  See  Peri- 
pneumonia notha. 

False  Passage,  Falsa  Via,  (F.)  Fausse  Route. 
An  accidental  passage,  made  in  surgical  opera- 
tions, and  particularly  in  introducing  the  cathe- 
ter. The  catheter  is  sometimes  passed  through 
into  the  rectum. 

False  Waters,  Hydrallan'te,  False  Beliv'ery. 
Water,  which  sometimes  collects  between  the 
amnion  and  chorion,  and  is  commonly  discharged 
before  the  birth  of  the  child. 

We  say,  also.  False  Ribs,  False  Rhubarb,  &c. 

FALSETTO  VOICE,  see  Voice. 

FALSIFICA'TION,  Adultera'tio,  from  falsiie, 
'false,'  and/acere,  'to  make.'  A  fraudulent  imi- 
tation or  alteration  of  an  aliment  or  medicine  by 
diff'erent  admixtures.  3Ianga'nium,  Manganisa' - 
tio.  It  is  synonymous  with  adulteration  and 
sopMatication, 


TABLE  OF  COMMON  FALSIFICATIONS  OF  SOME  OF  THE  MOST  USEFUL 

DRUGS,  &c. 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  op  Detection. 


ACACLE  GuMin. 


ACKTUlt 
TUM. 


ACIDUM 
CUM. 


Destilla- 


Mttriati- 


NlTRICUM. 


(  G.  S.  is  clammy  and  tenacious.     The  A.  G.  is 
Gum  Senegal. \      perfectly  soluble   in   water,   and   its  solution 

(_     limpid. 

Sulphuric  Acid Acetate  of  barytes  causes  a  white  precipitate. 

T,r-    ■     1   •  1  f  By  evaporating  it,  the  residuum  deflagrates,  when 

^'*'''«  ■^''''^ I      thrown  on  burning  charcoal. 

„  f  Supersaturate  with  ammonia  —  a  blue  colour  is 

^^PP''- {      produced. 

Lead Sulphuretted  hydrogen  causes  a  dark  precipitate. 

C  Deposites  by  evaporation  the  salts  it  may  con- 
Sulphuric  Acid <      tain ;  precipitates  with  solution  of  hydrochlo. 

(      rate  of  baryta  if  it  contains  sulphuric  acid. 

f  The  presence  of  chlorine  is  indicated  by  a  preci- 
Muriatic  and  Sulphuric  J      pitate  with  nitrate  of  silver  :  that  of  sulphuric 
Acids,  j 


I 
SuLPHURI-  I  Muriatic       and 


Acids. 


■  CmticirM. 


i 

J  Tartaric 
j       Acids. 


acid  by  the  same  result  with  hydrochlorate  of 

l^      baryta. 

j^..  .   (  The  presence  of  muriatic  and  nitric  acid  is  indi- 

JSitrxc  \      gj^(.g(j  Y,j  ^]jQ  smell,  when  the  acid  tested  is 

y     strongly  heated. 

rJ      n     J'   r  Their  presence  is  indicated  by  forming  a  granu- 

ana      Vxanc  }      ^^^  sediment  in  a  concentrated  solution  of  a 

(     neutral  salt  of  potassa. 


FALSIFICATION 


372 


FALSIFICATION 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  of  Detection. 


iETHER    ReCTIFICA- 
TUS. 

Aqita  Ammonia. 
Ammonite       Caero- 

NAS. 


Carbonic  Acid  . 


Ammoniacum. 


AlIMONn  SULPHURE- 
TUM. 


Aegenti  Nitras. 


Coccus. 
Cochineal. 


COLOMBA. 


Lead. 

Arsenic 

Manganese  and  Iron 

Copper 


Absenicum  Album. 
Balsamum  Peruvi- 

ANUM. 

Capsicum. 
Cayenne  Pepper. 


Oastoreum. 
Castor. 


Cera  Flava. 
Yellow  Wax. 


Cera  Alba. 
White  Wax. 

Cinchona. 
Bark. 


Too  dilute.  The  S.  G.  detects  this. 

Sulphuric  Acid By  acetate  of  baryta.     Precipitate  white. 

. ,    ,    ,  f  With  phosphorus  a  milky  instead  of  limpid  solu- 

^^'°^'''^ I      tion  is  formed. 

C  A  precipitation  occurs  on  adding  a  solution  of 
muriate  of  lime. 

It  should  be  capable  of  complete  volatilization 
by  heat. 

The  Gutta  Ammoniaci  are  white,  clear,  and  dry, 

The  lump  Ammoniacum,  lapis  Ammoniaci,  is  often 
adulterated  with  common  resin. 

It  ought  to  be  entirely  volatilized  by  a  red  heat, 

Imparts  a  foliated  texture,  and  is  not  vaporizable. 

A  smell  of  garlic  is  emitted  when  thrown  on  live 
coals,  <fec. 

Are  not  vaporizable. 

The  solution  assumes  a  blue  colour,  when  super- 
saturated with  ammonia.  It  may  be  suspected 
when  the  salt  deliquesces. 

The  adulteration  with  nitrate  of  potassa  is  easily 
recognized  by  the  fracture  of  a  stick  of  it,  which 
is  radiated  when  pure,  and  granular  if  adulte 
rated;  or  by  precipitating  a  solution  of  the 
salts  with  a  sufi5cient  quantity  of  muriatic  acid, 
and  evaporating  the  clear  liquor :  the  nitrate 
of  potassa  or  other  salts  will  remain. 

Not  volatizable  by  heat. 


Nitrate  of  Potassa. 


Copaiba. 

Balsam  of  Copaiva. 


Crocus, 
Saffron. 


Chalk,  Sulphate  of  Lime,  f 

Sul2}hate  of  Baryta.         \ 

'  A  mixture  of  liesin  and  C 

some  Volatile  Oil,  with  \  Not  easily  detected. 

Benzoin.  (_ 

'  Chloride  of  Sodium. . .  .*     This  disposes  it  to  deliquesce. 

C  Digest  in  acetic  acid,  and  add  a  solution  of  sul- 

Bed  Lead <      phuret  of  ammonia  —  a  dark-coloured  precipi- 

(     tate  will  be  produced. 

A  mixture  of  dried  blood,  f 

gum  ammoniac,  and  a  | 

little  real  castor,  stuffed  -{  Smell  and  taste  will  generally  detect  the  fraud. 

into    the   scrotum  of  a  I 

goat.  y 

T,    ,1        n            7  f  May  be  suspected  when  the  cake  is  brittle  and 

Earth  or  Peasmeal j      ^^^^^^  ^^^^.^^^ 

P    .  f  Put  it  in  cold  alcohol,  which  will  dissolve  the 

I      resin,  without  acting  on  the  wax 
f  Is  known  by  the  greater  softness  and  unctuosity. 

Tallow   <       and  its  smell  when  melted.     Turmeric  is  gene- 

(     rally  added  in  this  case  to  obviate  the  paleness 

White  Lead Melt  the  wax,  the  oxide  will  subside. 

Tallow   The  cake  has  not  its  ordinary  translucency. 

This  is  variously  adulte-  C  „  11,1^^1,  ,_■  ■, 

.  J  7    .         ■'77      -.1     Can  only  be  detected  by  practice,  and  examining 
rated,  but  generally  with  '..•'.  -         ■'.  ^    .    .     '        .     .       .      P 

the      Carthagena     and 
other  inferior  barks, 
f  Pieces  of  dough  formed  f 

i      in  moulds,  a7id  coloured  i  Throw  it  into  water,  the  adulteration  will  appear, 
(_      with  cochineal.  ( 

r  The  true  is  distinguishable  from  the  false  Colomba 
I      by  adding  to  an  infusion  of  the  root,  a  few  drops 
■{      of  solution  of  sulph.  iron,  which  gives  to  the 
infusion  of  the  false  Colomba  a  greenish  black 
colour ;  but  produces  no  change  in  the  other. 
'  If  itdoes  notretainits  spherical  form  when  dropped 
into  water,  its  adulteration  may  be  inferred. 
Mix  one  part  of  strong  liquid  ammonia  of  22°, 
with  three  parts  of  copaiba.     If  pure,  the  mix- 
ture will,  in  a  few  minutes,  become  transparent; 
if  not,  it  will  remain  opake. 


into   the   quantity  of  quinia  or  cinchonia  it 
contains. 


Fibres  of  smoked  Beef . . 


Affords  an  unpleasant  odour  when   thrown    on 
live  coals. 


Petals   of  the    Calendula  frc        j.t.  •  .i_i       ^  jj.i       T<r. 

officinalis,  and  Cartha-  \  ^^^""^^  the  specimen  m  hot  water,  and  the  d.ffe- 
mns  Tinctorius.  \     ^^^'^^  ^^^  ^«  perceptible. 


FALSIFICATION 


873 


FALSIFICATION 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  op  Detection. 


CUBEBA. 

Cubebs. 

CusparijE  Cortex. 
Anyustura  Bark. 


GuAiAci  Resina. 
Resin  of  Guaiacum. 


Hydrargyri  Chlo- 

RiDUM  Mite. 
Calomel. 


Hydrargyri     Oxi- 

dum  rubrum. 
Red  Precipitate. 

Hydrargyri     Sul- 

PHURETUM  RuBRUM 

Hydrargyri     Stjl- 
PHURETUM  Nigrum. 

Iodine. 

Jalaps  Radix. 
Jalap  Root. 

Magnesia. 


Magnesia  Subcar- 

BONAS. 

Carbonate  of  Magne- 
sia, 


Turkey    Yellow    Berries,  ( 
or  the  dried  fruit  of  the  \ 


False    Angustura 
times  sold  for  it. 

Common  Resin  . . . 


3Ianchineel  Gum 


Detected  by  attentive  examination. 
Rhamnus  Catharticus.    (_ 

C  The  epidermis  of  the  true  Cusparia  is  character- 
some-  J      .^g^  ]^y  being  covered  with  a  matter  resembling 
(      the  rust  of  iron. 
?  Detected  by  the  turpentine  smell  emitted  when 

I      thrown  upon  hot  coals. 

C  Add  to  the  tincture  a  few  drops  of  spirit  of  nitre, 

J      and  dilute  with  water ;  the  guaicum  is  preeipi- 

(_  tated — the  adulteration  floats  in  the  white  strise 
A  precipitation  will  be  produced  by  the  carbonate 
of  potass,  from  a  solution  made  by  boiling  the 
suspected  sample  with  a  small  portion  of  mu 
riate  of  ammonia  in  distilled  water;  or,  the 
presence  of  deuto-chloride  of  mercury  is  indi- 
cated, by  warming  gently  a  small  quantity  of 
calomel  in  alcohol,  filtering  and  adding  to  the 
clear  liquor  some  lime-water,  by  which  a  red- 
dish yellow  precipitate  is  afforded.  When 
calomel  is  rubbed  with  a  fixed  alkali,  it  ought 
to  become  intensely  black,  and  not  exhibit  any 
^^     orange  hue. 

'Digest  in  acetic  acid:  add  sulphuret  of  ammonia, 
which  will  produce  a  dark  coloured  precipitate. 
It  should  be  totally  volatilized  by  heat. 

Digest  in  acetic  acid,  and  add  sulphuret  of  am- 
monia— a  black  precipitate  will  be  produced, 


Corrosive  Sublimate,  and 
Subnitrate  of  Bismuth. 


Red  Lead  . 


Red  Lead 


Ivory  Black 


Throw  a  suspected  portion  on  hot  coals- 
siduum  will  detect  the  fraud. 


-the  re- 


,  f  The  tests  of  its  purity 
xl,and]       ar^,^h^P  \n  Pihc.r.    He 


„,      ,  ^,  7        J  1  —  — "^ 1—-.'  are  — that  it  is  perfectly 

Plumbago,  Charcoal,  and  1      ^qI^]^\q  y^  gther.    Heated  on  a  piece  of  glass  or 

Oxide  of  Manganese.      ]^     porcelain,  it  sublimes  without  residuum. 
Bryony  Root,  spurious  or  ?  Bryony  root  is  of  a  paler  colour,  and  less  compact 
false  Jalap  Root,  and\      texture,  and  does  not  easily  burn  at  the  flame 
"  ~  (      of  a  candle.    Liquorice  is  detected  by  the  taste. 

I  Detected  by  the  solution  in  dilute  sulphuric  acid 
I  affording  a  precipitate  with  oxalate  of  ammonia, 
f  Gives  off  when  moistened,  the  smell  of  sulphu- 
1      retted  hydrogen. 

(  Detected  by  adding  dilute  sulphuric  acid  to  the 
-I       suspected  substance,  when,  if  chalk  be  present, 
(      there  will  be  a  white  insoluble  precipitate. 
I  Boil  in  distilled  water,  and  test  the  solution  by  a 
(      barytic  and  oxalic  reagent. 


Liquorice  Root. 
Lime 

Sulphuret  of  Lime  . 
Chalk ■ 


and      its 


Manna, 


Morphia  et  ejus 

Sales. 

Morp)hia 

Salts. 


MOSCHUS. 

Mush 


Olea  Destillata. 
Essential  Oils. 

Oleum  Ricini. 
Castor  Oil. 


Gyps^im 

A  factitious  article,  con- 
sisting of  honey  or 
sugar,  mixed  with  scam- 
mony,  is  sometimes  sold 
for  it. 


Dried  Blood 

Asphaltum 

Pine  particles  of  Lead  . . 
Fixed  Oils 

Alcohol 

Olive  or  A  Imond  or  Pop- 
py Oil. 


I  The  colour,  weight,  transparency  and  taste  detect 
1      it. 

I 

Morphia  and  its  salts,  when  placed  in  contact 
with  nitric  acid,  are  coloured  red;  with  per- 
salts  of  iron,  blue.  They  are  perfectly  soluble 
in  warm  alcohol,  and  acidulated  warm  water. 
When  morphia  is  mixed  with  narcotina,  the 
adulteration  is  ascertained  by  mixing  them  with 
sulphuric  ether,  which  dissolves  the  narcotina, 
without  sensibly  affecting  the  morphia. 

'  The  bag  must  not  appear  to  have  been  opened. 
This  may  be  suspected,  if  it  emits  a  fetid  smoke 

when  inflamed. 
Discovered  by  its  melting  and  running,  before  it 

inflames. 
Rub  with  water.  The  metallicparticles  will  subside. 

'  Touch  writing  paper  with  it,  and  hold  it  before 
the  fire :  fixed  oil  leaves  a  stain  of  grease. 

J  Add  water.     A  milkiness  and  increase  of  tempo 

(      rature  occurs. 

(  Alcohol  S.  G.  "820  will  mix  with  any  proportion 

\      of  castor  oil,  whilst  it  dissolves  very  little  of 

(      the  others. 


FALTRANCK 


374 


FARADISATION 


Medicines. 


ADriiTEEATIONS. 


Mode  of  Detection. 


Opium. 


POTASSII  lODIDTJM. 

Iodide  of  Potassium. 


Qttini^  Sulphas. 
Sulphate  of  Quinia. 

Strychnia  et  ejus 

Sales. 
Strychnia     and     its 

Salts. 

ZiNCI    OXYDUJf. 

Flowers  of  Zinc. 


Extract  of  Liquorice, 
Bullets  and  Stones 
sometimes  in  it ;  Ex- 
tract of  Pojypy,  of  Che- 
lidonivyn  majns ;  G. 
Arabic,  G.  Trafj&eanth, 
Linseed  Oil,  Coiv's 
Dung. 

Chlorides  of  Potassium 
and  Sodium,  Nitrate  of 
Potassa. 


<  Mannite. 

\ 
Brueia. . 


f  Chalk. 
\  White 


Lead . 


The  best  opium  is  covered  -witli  leaves  and  the 
reddish  capsules  of  a  species  of  Pumex.  The 
inferior  kinds  have  capsules  adherent.  It  is  bad 
when  soft  and  friable,  when  intensely  black  orl 
mixed  with  many  impurities,  and  when  sweet. 
The  quantity  of  morphia  affords  the  best  test. 

The  adulteration  is  ascertained  by  precipitating  a 
solution  of  the  salt  with  nitrate  of  silver,  and 
treating  the  precipitate  with  ammonia,  which 
dissolves  the  chloride  of  silver,  without  acting 
upon  the  iodide  of  this  metal. 

Leaves  no  residue  when  submitted  to  calcination : 
is  perfectly  soluble  in  warm  alcohol,  and  in 
water  slightly  acidulated  with  sulphuric  acid. 

They  are  free  from  bruciawben  no  colour  is  pro- 
duced by  contact  with  nitric  acid. 

Sulphuric  acid  excites  an  effervescence. 
Sulphuric  acid  forms  an  insoluble  sulphate  of  lead. 


FALTRANCK,  Falltranck. 

FALX.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
several  membranous  reflections  having  the  shape 
of  a  falx  or  scythe. 

Falx  Cerebel'li,  Falx  minor,  Septum  Cere- 
hel'li  seu  ]}arvuni  occipita'le,  Proees' sus  falcifor'- 
mis  Cerebel'li,  (F.)  Faux  du  cervelet,  Septum,  me- 
dian du  cervelet,  (Ch.),  is  a  triangular  process  of 
the  dura  mater  opposite  the  internal  oceipitnl  pro- 
tuberance. Its  base  is  attached  to  the  loiddle  of 
the  tentorium,  and  its  top  or  apex  bifurcates,  to 
proceed  to  the  sides  of  the  foramen  magnum.  Its 
convex  surface  is  towards  the  cranium,  and  its 
concave  in  the  fissure  or  groove,  which  separates 
the  two  lobes  of  the  cerebellum. 

Falx  Cer'ebri,  F.  major,  Ver'tical  snpe'rior 
longitu'dinal proc"ess,  3Iediasti'nnm  cerebri,  Sep- 
tum Cerebri,  (F.)  Faux  du  cerveau,  Repli  lont/i- 
tudinal  de  la  meninge,  (Ch.),  Proces'sus  falcifor- 
mis  durcB  matris.  The  greatest  process  of  the 
dura  mater.  It  extends  from  the  fore  to  the  hind 
part  of  the  skull,  on  the  median  line  ;  is  broad 
behind  and  narrow  before,  and  is  lodged  in  the 
groove  which  separates  the  hemispheres  from 
each  other — the  interlobular  fissure.  At  its  supe- 
rior part  is  situated  the  longitudinal  sinus  [supe- 
rior,) and  at  its  lower,  corresponding  to  the  edge 
of  the  scythe,  the  inferior  longitudinal  sinus.  Its 
anterior  extremity  is  nttached  to  the  crista  galli ; 
its  posterior  is  continuous  with  the  tentorium 
cerebelli,  and  contains  the  straight  sinus. 

Falx  Major,  Falx  cerebri  —  f.  Minor,  Falx 
cerebelli. 

Falx  of  the  Peritone'om,  Great,  F.peritnnc'i 
max'ima,  (F.)  Grande  faux  du  peritoine.  Faux  de 
la  Veine  Onibilicale,  Falx  of  the  umbilical  vein, 
is  a  reflection  of  the  peritoneum,  which  ascends 
from  the  umbilicus  to  the  anterior  and  inferior 
surface  of  the  liver. 

Falces  of  the  Peritonk'um.  Lesser,  Falces 
Peritone'i  miu'imcB,  (F.)  Petitesfaux  du  peritoine, 
are  the  lateral  ligaments  of  the  liver  and  the  re- 
flections which  the  peritoneum  forms,  raised  up 
by  the  umbilical  arteries. 

Falx  of  the  Umbilical  Vein,  Fals,  great, 
of  the  Peritoneum. 

FAME,  Lancet. 

FAMEL'ICA  FEBRIS,  from  fames,  'hunger,' 
Fever  accompanied  with  insatiable  hunger.  — 
Sylvius. 

FAMELICUS,  Hungry. 


FAMES,  Hunger  — f.  Bovina,  Boulimia  — f. 
Canina,  Boulimia. 

Fames  Lupi'na,  Lycorex'is,  (F.)  Faim  de  Loup. 
Authors  have  described,  under  this  name,  a  kind 
of  boulimia,  or  depravation  of  the  digestive  func- 
tion, in  which  the  patient  eats  voraciously,  and 
passes  his  food,  almost  immediately  afterwards, 
per  anum. 

FAMEX,  Contusio. 

FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM  EMPLAP'TRUM, 
from/a?»a,  '  fame,'  and  gero,  '  I  wear.'  A  plaster, 
extolled  in  ague,  and  made  of  aromatic,  irritating 
substances.     It  was  applied  to  the  wrist. 

FAMILIARICA  SELLA,  Close  stooL 

FAxMILY  DISEASES,  see  Hereditary. 

FAMIS,  Contusio. 

FAMIX,  Contusio. 

FANCULUM,  Anethum. 

FANCY  MARK,  Nsvus. 

FANFECKLES,  Ephelides. 

FANG,  Radix. 

FANON  (F.)  from  (G.)  Fahne,  'a  banner,' 
'ensign,'  'standard.'  Fer'ula,  Lec'tulus  stra- 
min'eus,  Thor'ulus  stramin'eus.  A  splint  of  a 
particular  shape,  employed  in  fractures  of  the 
thigh  and  leg  to  keep  the  bones  in  contact. 

The  Fanons  were  divided  into  triie  und  false. 

The  true  consists  of  a  cylinder  of  straw,  strongly 
surrounded  with  a  cord  or  riband,  in  the  centre 
of  which  a  stick  is  usually  placed  to  ensure  its 
solidity.  The  false  consists  of  a  thick  piece  of 
linen,  made  flat  like  a  compress,  and  folded  at 
the  extremities.  It  was  placed  between  the  frac- 
tured limb  and  the  true  fanon.  The  Drap-fauon 
is  a  large  piece  of  common  cloth  placed  between 
the  fractured  limb,  in  which  the  fanon  or  lateral 
splints  are  rolled. 

FANTICKLES,  Ephelides. 

FANTOM,  Phantom,  Phanto'ma,  from  (pavraa/Aa, 
'a  spectre.'  (E.)  Phantome,  Fantome.  This  word 
has  two  acceptations.  It  means  the  spectres  and 
images  which  the  imagination  presents  to  the 
sick,  when  as<eep  or  awake;  and,  also,  the  figure 
called,  also,  Man'nilcin,  Man'ikin,  and  3fan'a/cin, 
(F.)  llannequin,  on  which  surgeons  practice  the  ap- 
plication of  bandages,  or  the  accoucheur  the  man- 
ual part  of  midwifery, — Phanto'ma  obstetric" ium. 

Fantom  or  Phantom  Tumour  is  one  that  forms, 
in  the  abdomen  for  example,  simulating  organic 
disease,  and  occasionally  exceedingly  deceptive. 

FARADISA'TION,i^a)-'cK^ism/  from  Faraday, 
the  celebrated  physicist.     A   term  proposed  by 


FARCIMEN 


375 


FASCIA 


Duehenne,  of  Boulogne,  for  electricity  by  induc- 
tion. 

FARCIMEN,  see  Equinia. 

FARCIMINALIS  MEMBEANA  setj  TU- 
NICA, AUantois. 

FARCIN,  see  Equinia. 

FARCINOMA,  Equinia, 

FARCTU'RA,  Fart'nra;  from  far  eire,  far  ctum, 
'  to  stuff.'  The  operation  of  introducing  medicinal 
substances  into  the  cavities  of  animals  or  of 
fruits,  which  have  been  previously  emptied. 

FARCTUS,  Emphraxis. 

FARCY  GLANDERS,  see  Equinia. 

FARD,  Paint. 

FAR  DEALT,  Mole. 

FARFARA,  Tussilago— f.  Bechium,  Tussilago. 

FARIGOULE,  Thymus. 

FA.RI'NA,  Al'phiton,  C'rimncn,  Al'eton,  Aleu'- 
ron.  Ale' ma,  from  far,  'corn,'  or  grain  of  any 
kind,  of  which  it  is  made.  Meal  or  flour.  The 
powder,  obtained  by  grinding  the  seeds  of  the 
gramineous,  leguminous,  and  cucurbitaceous 
plants  in  particular.  It  is  highly  nutritious  and 
much  used,  dietetically  as  well  as  medicinally. 
In  the  pharmacopoeias  of  London,  Edinburgh, 
and  Dublin,  Fari'na  means  wheat  flour — Farina 
Tritici. 

heath's  Alimen'tary  Fari'na,  or  Homoeopath' ic 
Farinn' ceous  Food,  is  said  to  consist  principally 
of  wheat  flour,  slightly  baked,  .and  sweetened 
with  sugar,  together  with  potato  flour  and  a  very 
small  quantity  of  Indian  corn  meal  and  tapioca. 

Farina  Amygdalarum,  see  Amygdala, 

Farina,  Compounded,  Baste r's,  is  said  to 
consist  of  wheat  flour,  sweetened  with  sugar. 

Farina,  Nutritious,  Maidman's,  is  said  to 
consist  of  potato  flour,  artificially  coloured  of  a 
pink  or  rosy  hue,  the  colouring  matter  being  pro- 
bably rose  pink. 

Farina  Trit'ici,  wheaten  flour;  F.  Seca'lis, 
Rye  flour  or  meal;  F.  Hor'dei,  Barley  meal;  F. 
Avena'cea,  Oat  meal,  &c.     See  Amylum. 

Farin-e  Resolvent'es,  (F.)  Farines  Resolu- 
tives. This  name  was  formerly  given  to  a  mix- 
ture of  the  farina  of  four  different  plants;  the 
lupine,  Lupimis  alhus,  the  Ervnm  Ervilia,  the 
Vieia  faba,  and  the  Barley,  Hordeum  distickum. 
They  were  recommended  to  form  cataplasms. 

FARINA'CEOUS,  Farina'ceus,  Farina' sns,{'F.) 
Farinace,  Farineux,  Mealy.  Having  the  appear- 
ance or  nature  of  farina.  A  term  given  to  all 
articles  of  food  which  contain  farina.  The  term 
Farinacea  includes  all  those  substances,  called 
cerealia,  legumina,  &c,  which  contain  farina,  and 
are  employed  as  nutriment. 

Hard's  farinaceous  food  is  fine  wheat  flour, 
which  has  been  subjected  to  some  heating  pro- 
cess. Braden's  farinaceous  food  is  said  to  be 
wheat  flour,  baked. 

In  Pathology,  the  epithet /araiaoeojis,  (F.)/a- 
rineux,  is  applied  to  certain  eruptions,  in  which 
the  epidermis  exfoliates  in  small  particles  similar 
to  farina. 

Farinaceous  Food,  Braden's,  see  Farina- 
ceous— f  Food,  Hard's,  see  Farinaceous — f.  Food, 
homoeopathic,  see  Farinaceous. 

Farinaceous  Food,  Peumbe's.  is  said  to  con- 
sist principally  of  bean  or  pea  flour,  most  pro- 
bably the  former,  with  a  little  Tacca  arrowroot, 
some  potato  flour,  and  a  very  little  Maranta 
arrowroot. 

Farinaceous  Food,  Prince  Arthur's,  for  in- 
fants and  invalids  of  all  ages,  is  said  to  consist 
entirely  of  wheat-  flour,  slightly  baked. 
FARINARIUM.  Aliea. 

FARINES  RESOLUTIVES,  Farina  resol- 
ventes. 

FARINEUX,  Farinaceous. 
FARINOSUS,  Farinaceous. 


FARMERY,  Hospital. 

FARNTICKLES,  Ephelides. 

FARRIER,  Hippiater. 

FARSIGHTEDNESS,  Presbytia. 

FART,  Sax.  Fan':,  from  Teut.  fahren,  'to  go:' 
— fart,  'a  voyage.'  (G.)  Furz.  Bdellus,  Bdohie, 
Bdelyg'mia,  Bdelyg'mus,  Bombus,  Trulla,  Porda, 
Physa,  Physe,  Flatus,  Cre2J'itus,  C.  ventris,  (F.) 
Pet.  A  sonorous  or  other  discharge  of  wind 
from  behind.  A  low  word,  but  of  respectable 
parentage. 

FARTURA,  Faretura. 

FARTUS,  Emphraxis. 

FAS'CIA,  from  fascis,  'a  bundle.'  Liga'tio, 
Ligatu'ra,  Alligatn'ra,  Anades'miis,  Vin'cula, 
Spar'ganon,  Epides'mos,  Vinctu'ra.  A  bandage, 
fillet,  roller,  ligature.  The  aponeurotic  expan- 
sions of  muscles,  which  bind  parts  together,  are, 
likewise,  termed  Fasciae.     See  Tsenia. 

Fascia  Aponeurotica  Femoris,  Fascia  lata 
aponeurosis  —  f.  Capitalis,  Bonnet  d'Eippocrate, 
Capelina — f.  Capitis,  Diadema — f.  Cooperi,  F. 
Transversalis. 

Fascia,  Crib'riform,  F.  Cribrifor'mis.  The 
sieve-like  portion  of  the  fascia  lata;  so  called 
from  its  being  pierced  by  numerous  openings  for 
the  passage  of  lymphatic  vessels. 

Fascia  Denta'ta,  F.  D.  Tari'ni,  Corps  go- 
dronne  of  Vicq  d'Azyr.  A  band  of  gray  matter 
seen  beneath  the  taenia  hippocampi  on  raising  it 
up,  which  runs  along  the  inner  border  of  the 
cornu  ammonis.  It  is,  as  it  were,  crenated  by 
transverse  furrows. 

Fascia  Digitalis,  Gantelet — f.  Diophthalmica, 
Binoeulus  —  f.  Dividens,  Dividing  bandage  —  f. 
Heliodori,  T  bandage. 

Fascia  Ili'aca,  Il'inc  aponeuro'sis.  An  apo- 
neurosis which  proceeds  from  the  tendon  of  the 
psoas  minor,  or  which  arises  from  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  psoas  magnus,  when  the  former 
muscle  does  not  exist.  It  is  attached,  externally, 
to  the  inner  edge  of  the  crest  of  the  ilium,  below, 
and  anteriorly  —  on  one  side,  to  the  crural  arch, 
sending  an  expansion  to  the  fascia  transversalis  ; 
and  on  the  other,  continuous  with  the  deep- 
seated  lamina  of  the  fascia  lata,  which  forms  the 
posterior  paries  of  the  crural  canal.  Within  and 
behind,  the  fascia  iliaca  is  attached  to  the  brim 
of  the  pelvis,  and  is  continuous  with  the  aponeu- 
rosis, which  M.  Jules  Cloquet  has  called  Pelvian. 
The  iliac  aponeurosis  covers  the  iliac  and  psoas 
muscles,  which  it  separates  from  the  peritoneum. 

Fascia  Inpundib'uliforjiis,  a  funnel-shaped 
offset  from  the  fascia  transversalis,  which  is  pro- 
longed as  a  sheath  upon  the  vas  deferens  and 
spermatic  vessels  as  they  pass  out  of  the  abdo- 
men. 

Fascia  Inguinalis,  Spica. 

Fascia  Lata.  A  name  given  by  anatomists 
to  an  aponeurosis,  and  to  a  muscle. 

Fascia  Lata  Aponeurosis,  F.  aponeurot'ica 
feni'oris,  Vagi'na  fem'oris,  Crural  or  Fem'oral 
Aponeurosis,  is  the  most  extensive  in  the  body, 
and  envelopes  all  the  muscles  of  the  thigh. 
Above,  it  is  attached  to  the  outer  edge  of  the  ilia; 
before,  it  arises  from  the  crural  arch  by  two  dis- 
tinct laminaa,  separated  by  the  femoral  vessels. 
and  becoming  confounded  a  little  below  the  part 
where  the  great  vena  sapbana  opens  into  the 
crural  vein.  Of  these  two  larainse,  the  one  is 
more  anterior  and  thicker  than  the  other,  and 
may  be  considered  as  a  prolongation  of  the 
aponeurosis  of  the  external  oblique.  It  is  inti- 
mately united  to  Poupart's  ligament.  The  other, 
which  is  thinner,  is  behind,  and  deeper  seated, 
and,  after  its  union  with  the  former,  proceeds  to 
be  inserted  into  the  pubis.  Inferiorly,  the  fascia 
lata  becomes  confounded  with  the  tendon  of  the 
triceps,  and  is  attached  to  the  external  tuberosity 


FASCIA 


376 


FAT 


of  the  tibia.  The  use  of  the  fascia  lata,  like  that 
of  other  aponeuroses,  is  to  strengthen  the  action 
of  the  muscles,  <&o. 

Fascia  Lata  Muscle,  Tensor  vagi'nm  fem'o- 
ris,  Fascia' lis,  Jfembrano'sus,  IIus'culus  aponeuro'- 
sis  seu  fascia  latm  seu  fem'oris  memhrano'sus, 
(F.)  llio-aponevrosi-femoraljllio-ajwnevroti-femo- 
ral — (Ch.),  Tensear  de  Vaponevrose  fimorale.  A 
muscle,  situate  at  the  upper  and  outer  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  arises,  above,  from  the  outer  part 
of  the  anterior  and  superior  spine  of  the  ilium; 
and  is  inserted,  helow,  between  the  two  lamince 
of  the  fascia  lata,  which  it  stretches  and  raises 
when  it  contracts. 

Fascia,  Obturator,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses — 
f.  Pelvic,  Internal,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses  —  f. 
Pelvic,  Lateral,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses — f.  Pel- 
vic, Superior,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses. 

Fascia  Pko'pria.  A  layer  of  areolar  tissue 
derived  from  the  sheath  of  the  femoral  vessels,— 
or  according  to  some  from  the  cribriform  fascia. 
It  is  one  of  the  coverings  of  femoral  hernia,  and 
is  generally  pretty  dense  about  the  neck  of  the 
hernia;  but  thin  or  even  wanting  on  its  fundus. 

Fascia  Repens,  Spica  —  f.  Scapularis,  Scapu- 
lary — f.  Sculteti,  Bandage  of  separate  strips  —  f. 
Semicircularis,  Taania  semicircularis — f.  Spiralis, 
Ascia  — f.  Stellata,  Stella  — f.  Submuscular,  see 
Vaginal,  (of  the  eye.) 

Fascia,  Subperitone'al,  Sulperitone'al  apo- 
nearo'sis.  A  thin  tendinous  layer  on  the  outer 
surface  of  the  peritoneum. 

Fascia  Supekficia'lis,  Superficial  aponeitro'- 
sis  of  the  abdomen  and  thigh,  (F.)  Aponevrose  su- 
perficielle  de  I'abdomen  et  de  la  cuisse.  A  very 
thin  aponeurosis,  which  covers  the  muscles  and 
aponeuroses  of  the  abdomen  ;  passes  before  the 
crural  arch,  to  which  it  adheres  with  some  degree 
of  force;  sends  a  membranous  sheath,  which  sur- 
rounds the  spermatic  cord;  and  is  continuous 
with  the  dartos,  which  it  assists  in  forming.  The 
fascia  superficialis  presents,  beneath  the  crural 
arch,  very  distinct  fibres,  whose  direction  is  pa- 
rallel to  the  fold  of  the  thigh.  It  is  applied  over 
the  fascia  lata  aponeurosis,  and  is  attached,  inter- 
nally, to  the  ascending  ramus  of  the  ischium,  near 
the  root  of  the  corpus  eavernosum.  Before  the 
descent  of  the  testicle  from  the  abdomen,  the 
fascia  superficialis  is  very  manifestly  continuous 
with  the  Gubernacidum  testis. 

Fascia  Tformis,  T.  bandage— f.  Tortilis,  Tour- 
niquet. 

Fascia  Transversa'lis,  F.  Coop'eri.  An  apo- 
neurosis, which  separates  the  transversalis  mus- 
cle from  the  peritoneum  in  the  inguinal  region. 
It  arises  above  the  posterior  edge  of  the  crural 
arch,  where  it  seems  to  be  continuous  with  the 
aponeurosis  of  the  greater  oblique  muscle.  Above, 
it  is  lost  in  the  areolar  tissue  at  the  internal  sur- 
face of  the  transversalis  abdominis.  Within,  it  is 
continuous  with  the  outer  edge  of  the  tendon  of 
the  rectus  muscle  and  Gimbernat's  ligament;  be- 
low, it  is  continuous  with  the  aponeurosis  of  the 
greater  oblique,  and  receives  an  expansion  from 
the  Fascia  lliaca.  Towards  its  middle  and  a  little 
above  the  crural  arch,  the  fascia  transversalis  has 
the  wide  orifice  of  a  canal,  which  is  occupied,  in 
the  female,  by  the  round  ligament  of  the  uterus ; 
and,  in  man,  furnishes"  an  expansion,  that  serves 
as  a  sheath  to  the  spermatic  vessels. 

FASCIA,  Swathing  clothes— f.  Coli,  see  Colon 
— f.  Ligamentosfe  Coli,  see  Colon. 

FASCIALIS,  Fascia  lata  muscle,  Sartorius — f. 
Longus,  Sartorius— f.  Sutorius,  Sartorius. 

FASCIARUM  APPLICATIO,  Deligation. 

FASCIATIO,  Deligation,  see  Bandage— f.  Cu- 
CuUata,  Couvrechef. 

FASCICULI  CORTICALES,  Ferrein,  pyra- 
mids of— f.  Graciles,  see  Corpora  restiformia. 


Fascic'uli  Innomina'ti.  Two  large  bundles 
of  fibres  in  the  interior  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
behind  the  corpora  olivaria,  and  more  or  lesa 
apparent  between  those  bodies  and  the  corpora 
restiformia.  They  ascend,  and  become  apparent 
in  the  fourth  ventricle,  under  the  name  Fascic'uli 
seu  Proccs'sus  ter'etes. 

Fasciculi,  Median  Posterior,  of  the  Me- 
dulla Oblongata,  Funiculi  graciles  —  f.  Muscu- 
lorum, see  Muscular  fibre  —  f.  Pyramidales,  Fer- 
rein, Pyramids  of —  f.  Teretes,  Processus  teretes, 
see  Fasciculi  innominati  —  f.  Teretes  cordis,  Co- 
lumn»  carneae. 

FASCICULUS,  Fhacel'lus,  Pha'celus,  Fas'- 
cicle,  diminutive  of  fascis,  'a  bundle;'  JJeeme'- 
dion,  'a  small  bundle.'  In  Anatoiny,  it  is  em- 
ployed in  this  sense;  as  '' a  fasciculus  of  fibres." 
(F.)  Fascicule,  Faisceau  ou  Petit  Faisceau,  Trous- 
seau. In  Pharmacy,  it  means  maniji'ulus,  Chei- 
rople'thes,  ^eiponXrj&rn,  'a  handful.'  Musa  Eras- 
savolus  says,  —  as  much  as  can  be  held  in  two 
fingers. 

Fasciculus  CuffBATus,  Reinforcement,  fascicu- 
lus of — f.  of  Reinforcement,  Reinforcement,  F.  of. 

Fascic'ulus  Uncina'tus.  A  white  bundle, 
seen  on  the  lateral  aspect  of  the  cerebral  hemi- 
spheres, passing  across  the  bottom  of  the  fissure 
of  Sylvius,  and  connecting  the  anterior  with  the 
middle  and  posterior  lobes.  The  fibres  of  this 
fasciculus  expand  at  each  extremity,  and  the  su- 
perficial portions  of  them  curve  or  hook  sharply 
between  the  contiguous  parts  of  the  anterior  and 
middle  lobes,  whence  the  epithet  'uncinatus.' 

FASCINOSUS,  Membrosus. 

FASCINUM,  Penis. 

FASCIOLA,  Bandelette—L  Cinerea,  Tubereu- 
lum  cinereum  —  f.  Hepatica,  Distoma  hepaticum 
— f.  Humana,  Distoma  hepaticum — f.  Lanceolata, 
Distoma  hepaticum. 

FASELUS,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

FASEOLE,  Phaseolus. 

FASTID'IUM,  abridged  from  fatis  taidium. 
Fastidiousness,  Squeamishness,  or  the  condition 
of  a  stomach  that  is  really  aflfected  with  nausea. 

Fastidium  CiBi,  Asitia,  Disgust  — f.  PotHs, 
Loathing  of  drink. 

FASTIGIUM,  Acme. 

FASTING,  from  Sax.  Fsej'tan,  Limo'sis  expert 
protrac'ta,  Anorex'ia  mirab'ilis,  Ine'dia,  Jejii'- 
nium.  Loss  or  want  of  appetite,  without  any 
other  apparent  affection  of  the  stomach ;  so  that 
the  system  can  sustain  almost  total  abstinence 
for  a  long  time  without  faintness.  Some  won- 
derful cases  of  this  kind  are  on  record.  See  Ab- 
stinence. 

FAT,  Pingue'do,  Pim'ele,  Piar,  Piei'ron,  Li- 
2)os,  Stear,  Adeps,  Sevum,  Sebum,  Corp)us  adipo'- 
sum,  Axun'gia,  Fat,  (F.)  Graisse :  from  (G.) 
Fett,  (Sax.)  pat.  A  soft,  white,  animal  sub- 
stance; inodorous ;  insipid;  oily;  inflammable, 
easyto  melt;  spoiling  in  the  air,  and  becoming 
rancid  by  union  with  oxygen  :  almost  insoluble 
in  alcohol;  insoluble  in  water;  soluble  in  fixed 
oils.  Fat  is  formed  of  the  immediate  principles, 
stearin,  margarin,  and  olein  or  elain,  all  of  which 
are  regarded  as  salts  composed  of  stearic,  mar- 
garic  and  oleic  acids,  and  a  common  base,  to 
which,  from  its  sweetish  taste,  the  name  6lyc"erin 
Glyceri'na,  Ghjceri'num,  (F.)  Glycerine  has  been 
given.  To  these  are,  almost  always,  joined  an 
odorous  and  a  colouring  principle.  Glycerin,  Gly- 
ceri'na,  has  been  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  U.  S.  (1851),  in  which 
it  is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows  :  —  Lead 
plaster,  recently  prepared  and  yet  fluid;  boiling 
water,  of  each  a  gallon  ;  mix  :  stir  briskly  for  15 
minutes;  allow  it  to  cool  and  pour  ofi"  the  liquid. 
Evaporate  until  it  has  the  s.  g.  1.15,  and  pass 
slowly  through  it  a  current  of  sulpho-hydric  acid 


FATIGATIO 


377 


FEBRIS 


until  a  black  precipitate  is  no  longer  thrown 
down.  Filter  and  boil  until  the  sulpho-hydric 
acid  is  driven  off,  and  evaporate  the  liquid  until 
it  ceases  to  lose  weight.  Glycerin  is  a  colourless 
or  straw-coloured  syrupy  fluid;  s.  g.  1.25.  It  is 
soluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol,  but  not  in  ether. 
It  is  used  in  the  form  of  lotion,  composed  of  half 
an  ounce  to  ten  fluidounces  of  water,  in  cutaneous 
diseases,  as  psoriasis,  pityriasis,  lepra  and  ichthy- 
osis. It  forms  a  kind  of  varnish,  and  might  be 
useful  in  cases  of  burns. 

Fat  is  found  in  a  number  of  animal  tissues,  and 
is  very  abundant  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
kidneys  and  in  the  epiploon.  It  is  generally  fluid 
in  the  cetacea;  soft,  and  of  a  strong  smell  in  the 
carnivora;  solid,  and  inodorous  in  the  ruminat- 
ing animal;  white,  and  abundant  in  young  ani- 
mals ;  and  yellowish  in  old.  It  generally  forms 
about  a  twentieth  part  of  the  weight  of  the  human 
body.  The  fat,  considered  physiologically,  has, 
for  its  function,  to  protect  the  organs;  maintain 
their  temperature ;  and  to  serve  for  nutrition  in 
case  of  need;  as  is  observed  in  torpid  animals. 

Fat,  Corpulent — f.  Cells,  Fatty  vesicles. 

Fat,  Mackaw,  see  Cocos  butyracea. 

FATIGATIO,  Copos. 

FATIGUE,  Copos. 

FATTY,  Adipo'sus,  Adipa'tns,  Pimel'icus,  Pi- 
melo'des,  Liparo'des,  Lip'arus,  Sax.  FSS'^;  past 
participle  of  Feftaii,  to  feed,  Ad'ipous,  Pinguid, 
Pinguid' inous.  Relating  to  fat.  Resembling  or 
containing  fat.  The  cellular  membrane  has  been 
called /«/<;/  or  adipous ;  from  an  opinion  that,  in 
its  areolae,  the  fat  is  deposited.  The  areolar 
membrane,  however,  merely  lodges,  between  its 
lamellas  and  filaments,  the  vesicles  in  which  the 
fat  is  contained. 

Fatty  Lig'ament,  Ad'ipous  ligament.  This 
name  has  been  given  to  a  reflection  of  the  syno- 
vial membrane  of  the  knee  joint,  which  passes 
from  the  ligamentum  patellae  towards  the  cavity 
that  separates  the  condyles  of  the  femur. 

Fatty  Mejibrane,  Ad'ipous  memhrane,  Adi- 
pous tissue.  The  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue,  or 
that  containing  the  fatty  or  adipous  vesicles. 

Fatty  Ves'icles,  Sac'culi  adipo'si,  Ad'ipous 
vesicles,  Fat  cells.  This  name  is  given  to  small 
bursse  or  membranous  vesicles  which  enclose  the 
fat,  and  are  found  situate  in  the  areolas  of  the 
areolar  tissue.  These  vesicles  vary  much  in 
size.  Generally,  they  are  round  and  globular; 
and,  in  certain  subjects,  receive  vessels  which  are 
very  apparent.  They  form  so  many  small  sacs 
without  apertures,  in  the  interior  of  which  are 
filaments  arranged  like  septa.  In  fatty  subjects, 
the  adipous  vesicles  are  very  perceptible,  being 
attached  to  the  areolar  tissue  and  neighbouring 
parts  by  a  vascular  pedicle.  Raspail  afBrms  that 
there  is  the  most  striking  analogy  between  the 
nature  of  the  adipose  granules  and  that  of  the 
amylaceous  grains. 

Fatty  Vessels,  Ad'ipous  vessels.  The  vessels 
connected  with  the  fat.  Some  anatomists  have 
called  Adipoiis  canals,  (F.)  Conduits  adipeux,  the 
vessels  to  which  they  attribute  the  secretion  of  fat. 

Fatty  Degeneration  of  the  Liver,  Adiposis 
hepatica — f.  Liver,  Adiposis  hepatica. 

FA  TUISME,  Fatuitas. 

FATU'ITAS,  Moro'sis,  Stultifia,  Stupor  mem- 
tift.  Amen'tia;  (F.)  Fatuisme,  Fatuite,  from  fatuus, 
'foolish.'  Mental  imbecility.  Idiotism.  De- 
mentia. One  affected  with  fatuity  is  said  to  be 
fat'uous,  (Sc.)  Dawpit. 

FATUITAS  ALPICOLARUM,  Cretinism  — f. 
Convallinus,  Cretinism. 
FATUOUS,  see  Fatuity. 
FAUCES,  Isthmus,  Pharynx,  Throat. 
FAUCETTE  VOICE,  see  Voice. 
FAUNO'RUM    LUDIB'RIA.     The  sports  of 


the  Fauni.     Some  authors  have  called  thus  the 
incubus ;  others,  epilepsy. 

FAUQUIER  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia,  Mine- 
ral Waters  of. 

FAUSSE,  False — /.  Conception,  Conception, 
false. 

FAUSSE  COUGHE  (P.),  Vanum  partu'rium. 
Some  authors  have  used  this  term  for  the  expul- 
sion of  different  bodies  constituting  false  concep- 
tions ;  such  as  moles,  hydatids,  clots  of  blood, 
&c.  Most  accoucheurs  use  the  term  synony- 
mously with  abortion. 

FAUSSE  GliOSSESSE,  Pregnancy,  false  — 
f.  Memhrane,  Membrane,  false  — /.  Pleuresie, 
Pleurisy,  false — /.  Pneumonie,  Peripneumonia 
notha. 

FAUSSE  POSITION  (F.),  False  position. 
The  French  use  this  term,  in  vulgar  language,  to 
indicate  any  attitude  in  which  torpor,  tingling, 
and  loss  of  power  over  the  motion  of  a  part,  are 
produced  by  too  .strong  contraction  or  painful 
compression. 

FAUSSE  RHABARBE,  Thalictron— /.  Route, 
False  passage — -/.  Variole,  Varicella. 

FAUSTI'NI  PASTIL'LI,  Faustinus's  Lo- 
zenges. These  were  once  celebrated.  They  were 
composed  of  burnt  paper,  quicklime,  oxide  of  ar- 
senic, sandarach,  lentils,  &o. 

FA  UX,  False  — /.  du  Cerveau,  Falx  cerebri  — 
/.  du  Cervelet,  Falx  cerebelli — -/.  Germe,  Concep- 
tion, false  — /.  Grande  du  peritoine,  Falx,  great, 
of  the  peritoneum — /.  Petite  du  peritoine,  Falx, 
lesser,  of  the  peritoneum — •/.  de  la  Veine  ombili- 
cale,  Falx,  great,  of  the  peritoneum. 

FAVEUX,  Pavosus. 

FAVIFORMIS,  Favosus. 

FAVO'SUS.  Similar  to  a  honeycomb.  Favi- 
form'is,  Fiivous,  from,  favus,  cerion,  'a  honey- 
comb.' (F.)  Faveux.  An  epithet  given  to  a  spe- 
cies of  porrigo.  Cerion,  Kerion,  Favus ;  means 
also  a  state  of  ulceration,  resembling  a  honey- 
comb. 

FA'VULUS  ;  diminutive  of  favus,  'a,  honey- 
comb.' Favuli  is  used  by  Dr.  Morton,  of  Phila- 
delphia, for  the  honeycomb-like  depressions  in  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  stomach  —  the  stomach- 
cells  of  Messrs.  Todd  and  Bowman. 

FAVUS,  Porrigo,  Porrigo  favosa,  see  Favosus 
—  f.  Confertus,  Porrigo  scutulata  —  f.  Dispersus, 
Porrigo  lupinosa — f.  Dissemine,  Porrigo  lupinosa 
— f.  en  Groupes,  Porrigo  scutulata. 

FAXVVAX,  see  Nucha. 

FEABERRY,  Ribes  uva  crispa. 

FEATHERFEW,  Matricaria. 

FEBRIC'ITANS,  Feb'riens,  Emp'yros,  (F.) 
Febricitant.  One  attacked  with  fever;  from /e- 
hricitare,  'to  have  a  fever.' 

FEBRICITATIO,  Feverishness. 

FEBRICOSUS,  Feverish. 

FEBRIC'ULA,  Fe'veret,  (F.)  Febrieule.  Di- 
minutive of  febris,  'fever.'  A  term  employed  to 
express  a  slight  degree  of  fever.     Ephemera. 

FEBRICULOSITY,  Feverishness. 

FEBRIENS,  Febricitans,  Feverish. 

FEBRIPACIENT,  see  Feverish. 

FEBRIF'EROUS, /'efe'r^/er,  from  febris,  'fe- 
ver,' and  fero,  '  I  carry.'  Fever-bearing,  as  a 
febri ferous  locality. 

FEBRIFIC,  see  Feverish. 

FEB'RIPUGE,  Lexipiyret'icus,  Lexipyr' etns, 
Pyret'icus,  Alexipiyret'icus,  Antifebri'lis,  Antijiy- 
ret'ic,  Febrifvgus,  from  febris,  '  a  fever,'  and 
fugare,  '  to  drive  away.'  A  medicine  which  pos- 
sesses the  property  of  abating  or  driving  away 
fever. 

FEBRIFUGUM  LIGNUM,  Quassia. 

FE'BRILE,  i'''e6W7is,  Pyret'icus.     Relating  to 
fever,  as  febrile  movement,  febrile  pulse,  &o. 
FEBRIS,  Fever  — f.  Acmastica,  Synocha— f. 


FEBRIS 


178 


FEBRIS 


Acuta,  Synocha— f.  Acuta  continua,  Synocha — f. 
Adeno-meningea,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal — f. 
Adeno-nervosa,  Plague — f.  Africana,  Fever,  Afri- 
can— f.  Agrypnodes,  see  Agrypnodes  and  Agryp- 
nos — f.  Alba,  Chlorosis — f.  Algida,  see  Algidus — 
f.  Amatoria,  Chlorosis,  Hectic  fever  —  f.  Ame- 
ricana, Fever,  yellow — f.  Amphemera,  Quotidian 

—  f.  Amphimerina  hectica,  Hectic  fever  —  f.  Am- 
phimerina  latica,  Latica  (febris)  —  f.  AmpuUosa, 
Pemphigus  —  f.  Anabatica,  Continued  fever  —  f. 
Angiotenica,     Synocha  —  f.    Anginosa,     Angina 

—  f.  Annua,  see  Annual  diseases  —  f.  Anomala, 
Fever,  anomalous  — f.  Aphonica,  Fever,  aphonic 

—  f.  Aphthosa,  Aphtha  —  f.  Apoplectica,  Fever, 
apoplectic — f.  Ardens,  Synocha — f.  Arte  promota, 
Fevei-,  artificial — f.  Arthritica,  Gout  —  f.  Asodes, 
Fever,  bilious,  see  Asodes — f.  Assidua,  Continued 
fever  —  f.  Asthenica,  Fever,  asthenic.  Typhus  — 
f.  Asthmatiea,  Fever,  asthmatic — f.  Ataxo-adyna- 
mica.  Fever,  ataxo-adynamic — f.  Azodes,  see  Aso- 
des— f.  Biliosa,  Fever,  bilious  —  f.  Bullosa,  Pem- 
phigus—  f.  Cardialgia,  Fever,  cardialgio  —  f.  Ca- 
tarrhalis,  Catarrh  —  f.  Catarrh  alls  epidemica,  In- 
fluenza—  f.  Caumatodes,  Synocha  —  f.  Causodes, 
Synocha — f.  Cephalalgioa,  Fever,  cephalalgic — f. 
Cephalica,  Fever,  cephalic — f.  Cholcpyretica,  Fe- 
ver, bilious  —  f.  Cholerica,  Fever,  bilious,  Fever, 
choleric  —  f.  Chronica,  Fever,  chronic  —  f.  Coal- 
terna,  see  Coalternfe  febres — f.  Colliquativa,  Fe- 
ver, colliquative  —  f.  Comatodes,  Fever,  apoplec- 
tic—  f.  Communicans,  see  Subintrantes  F.  —  f. 
Confusa,  see  Confusae  febres  —  f.  Continens,  Ty- 
phus—  f.  Continens  non  putrida,  Synocha  —  f. 
Continens  putrida,  Typhus  —  f.  Continua  inflam- 
matoria,  Empresma — f.  Continua  putrida,  Syno- 
chus — f.  Continua  putrida  icterodes  Caroliniensis, 
Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Continua  non  putris,  Synocha 
— f.  Continua  sanguinea,  Synocha — f.  Convulsiva, 
Fever,  convulsive  —  f.  Crymodes,  see  Crj^modes, 
and  Algid  fever — f.  Culicularis,  Miliary  fever — f. 
cum  Delirio,  Fever,  delirious  —  f.  Depuratoria, 
Fever,  depuratory — f.  Deurens,  Synocha — f.  Di- 
aphoretica.  Fever,  diaphoretic  —  f.  Diaria,  Ephe- 
mera— f.  Duodecimana,  Fever,  duodecimnne  —  f. 
Dysenterica,  Dysentery — f.  Elodes,  see  Elodes — 
f.  Elodes  icterodes,  Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Enterica, 
see  Typhus  — f.  Enteromesenterica,  Entero-me- 
senteric  —  f.  Epacmastica,  see  Epacmasticos  —  f. 
Ephemera,  Ephemera — f.  Epidemica  cum  anginS, 
Cynanche  maligna — f.  Epileptica,  Fever,  epileptic 
— f.  Erotica,  Fever,  erotic — f.  Erratica,  Fever,  ano- 
malous. Fever,  erratic,  see  Erratic  and  Planetes 
— f.  Erronea,  see  Planetes— f.  Erysipelacea,  Ery- 
sipelas— f.  Erysipelatosa,  Erysipelas— f.  Esserosa, 
Miliary  fever  —  f.  Exquisita,  Fever,  regular  —  f. 
Esanthema.tica  articularis,  Dengue — f.  Fanielica, 
see  Famelica  Febris — f.  Flava,  Fever,  yellow — f. 
Flava  Americanorum,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Gangrse- 
nodes.  Fever,  gangrenous — f.  Gastrioa,  Fever,  bi- 
lious, Fever,  gastric  —  f.  Gastrico-biliosa,  Fever, 
gastric — f.  Gastro-adynamica,  Fever,  gastro-ady- 
namic  —  f.  Hsemoptoica,  Fever,  hsemoptoie  —  f. 
Hebdomadana,  Octana  —  f.  Hectica,  Hectic  fever 

—  f.  Hectica  infantum.  Tabes  mesenterica  —  f. 
Hectica  maligna  nervosa.  Typhus  mitior — f.  He- 
meresia.  Quotidian — f.  Ilemitritsea,  Hemitrit^a — 
f.  Hepatica,  Fever,  bilious  —  f.  Hepatica  inflam- 
matoria.  Hepatitis — f.  Horrifica,  see  Algidus — f. 
Horrida,  see  Algidus  —  f.  Humoralis,  Fever,  hu- 
moral— f.  Hungarica,  Fever,  Hungaric — f.  Hydro- 
cephalica,  Hydrocephalus  internus  —  f.  Hydro- 
phobica.  Fever,  hydrophobic — f.  Hysteretica,  see 
Postpositio — f.  Hysterica,  Fever,  hysteric — f.  le- 
terica.  Fever,  icteric — f.  Iliaca  inflammatoria.  En- 
teritis—  f.  Infantum  remittens,  Fever,  infantile 
remittent — f.  Inflammatoria,  Synocha — f.  Inten- 
bIo,  Epitasis — f.  Intermittens,  Intermittent  fever 
— f.  Intermittens  cephalica  larvata,  Cephalalgia 
periodica — f.  Intestinalis  ulcerosa,  see  Typhus — 


f.  Intestinorum,  Enteritis — f.  Irregularis,  Fever 
anomalous  —  f.  Lactea,  Fever,  milk  —  f.  Larvata, 
Fever,  masked— f.  Lenta,  Fever,  infantile  remit- 
tent. Hectic  fever,  Synochus  —  f.  Lenta  nervosa, 
Typhus  mitior.  Fever,  nervous  —  f.  Lenticularis, 
Miliary  fever — f.  Lethargica,  Fever,  apoplectic — 
f.  Lochialis,  Fever,  lochial — f.  Lygmodes,  Fever, 
singultous  —  f.  Lyngodes,  Fever,  singultous  —  f. 
Maligna,  Fever,  malignant  —  f.  Maligna  biliosa 
Americce,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Maligna  cum  Sopore, 
Typhus  —  f.  Maligna  flava  Indiae  occidentalis, 
Fever,  yellow — f.  Marasmodes,  Hectic  fever,  Ma- 
rasmopyra — f.  Meningo-gastricus,  Fever,  gastric 
— f.  Mesenterica,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal,  Fever, 
mesenteric — f.  Methemerina,  Quotidian — f.  Mili- 
aris,  Miliary  fever — f.  Minuta,  Fever,  syncopal— 
f.  Morbillosa,  Rubeola — f.  Mucosa,  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal —  f.  Mucosa  verminosa,  Fever,  infan- 
tile remittent  —  f.  Nautica  pestilentialis,  Typhus 
gravior — f.  Nephritica,  Fever,  nephritic — f.  Ner- 
vosa, Fever,  nervous  —  f.  Nervosa  enterica,  see 
Typhus — f.  Nervosa  epidemica,  Typhus — f.  Ner- 
vosa esanthematica.  Typhus  —  f.  Nervosa  gas- 
trica,  see  Typhus  —  f.  Nervosa  mesenterica,  see 
Typhus — f.  Nervosa  petechialis,  Typhus — f.  Neu- 
rodes.  Fever,  nervous — f.  Nocturnus,  see  Noctur- 
nal—  f.  Nonana,  Fever,  nonane  —  f.  Nosocomio- 
rum.  Typhus  gravior — f.  Nycterinus,  see  Noctur- 
nal— f.  Octana,  Fever,  octane — f.  Oscitans,  Osci- 
tant  fever  —  f.  Paludosa,  see  Elodes  —  f.  Pan- 
nonica.  Fever,  Hungary  —  f.  Pemphigodes, 
Pemphigus  —  f.  Pemphingodes,  Pemphigus  —  f. 
Pempta,  Quintan — f.  Periodica,  Fever,   periodic 

—  f.  Perniciosa,  Fever,  pernicious  —  f.  Pestilens, 
Plague  —  f.   Pestilens  maligna.  Typhus   gravior 

—  f.  Pestilentialis,  Fever,  pestilential  —  f.  Pesti- 
lentialis Europe,  Tj'phus  gravior — f.  Petechialis, 
Typhus  gravior  —  f.  Phthisica,  Hectic  fever  —  f. 
Planetes,  see  Planetes— f.  Pleuritica,  Pleuritis — f. 
Podagrica,  Gout — f.  Polycholica,  Fever,  bilious — 
f.  Pneumonica,  Fever,  pneumonic,  Pneumonia — ■ 
f.  Puerperalis  biliosa,  Metrocholosis  —  f.  Puerpe- 
rarum,  Puerperal  fever  —  f.  Puncticularis,  Mili- 
ary fever.  Typhus  gravior — f.  Puerperalis,  Fever, 
puerperal  —  f.  Purpurate  rubra  et  alba  miliaris. 
Miliary  fever — f.  Purulenta,  Fever,  purulent — f. 
Putrida,  Typhus  gravior  —  f.  Putrida  nervosa, 
Tj'phus  mitior  —  f.  Quartana,  Quartan  —  f.  Quer- 
quera,  see  Algidus — f.  Quinta,  Quintan — f.  Quin- 
tana.  Fever,  quintan.  Quintan — f.  Quotidiana, 
Fever,  quotidian,  Quotidian — f.  Regularis,  Fever, 
regular- — f.  Remittens,  Remittent  fever  —  f.  Re- 
mittens infantum.  Fever,  infantile  remittent  —  f. 
Rheumatica  inflammatoria.  Rheumatism,  acute — 
f.  Rubra,  Scarlatina — f.  Rubra  pruriginosa,  Urti- 
caria— f.  Sanguinea,  Synocha — f.  Saprop.yra,  Ty- 
phus gravior  —  f.  Scarlatinosa,  Scarlatina  —  f. 
Scorbutica,  Fever,  scorbutic  —  f.  Semitertiana, 
Hemitritasa  —  f.  Septana,  Fever,  septan  —  f.  Ses- 
quialtera,  Hemitritsea — f.  Sextana,  Fever,  sextan 
— f.  Simplex,  Ephemera,  Fever,  simple — f.  Sin- 
gultosa,  Fever,  singultous  —  f.  Soporosa,  Fever, 
apoplectic  —  f.  Stercoralis,  Fever,  stercoral  —  f. 
Sthenica,  Synocha  —  f.  Stomachica  inflammato- 
ria. Gastritis — f.  Subintrans,  Fever,  subintrant — 
f.  Sudatoria,  Fever,  diaphoretic,  Hydropyretus, 
Sudor  a.nglicus — f.  Syncopalis,  Fever,  syncopal — 
f.  Syphilitica,  Fever,  syphilitic — f.  Tabida,  Fever, 
colliquative.  Hectic  fever  —  f.  Tertiana,  Fever, 
tertian.  Tertian  fever  —  f.  Tonica,  Synocha  —  f. 
Topica,  Neuralgia,  facial — f.  Toxica,  Fever,  yel- 
low—  f.  Tragica,  Fever,  tragic  —  f.  Traumatica., 
Fever,  traumatic  —  f.  Tropica,  Fever,  yellow — f. 
Typhodes,  Typhus — f.  Urticata,  Urticaria — f.  Ute- 
rina.  Metritis — f.  Vaga,  Fever,  anomalous,  see  Pla- 
netes— -f.  Variolosa,  Variola — f.  Verminosa,  Fever, 
infantile  remittent,  F.  verminous,  Helminthopyra 
— f.  Vernalis,  Fever,  vernal — f.  Vesicularis,  Mili- 
ary Fever,  Pemphigus  —  f.  Virginum,  Chlorosis. 


FEBRUA 


379 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


FEB'RUA,  from /eSriio,  'I  purge.'  In  ancient 
11  ythology,  a  goddess  wlio  presided  over  men- 
struation. 

FECAL,  Stercoraceous. 

FECES,  Feeces. 

FECONBATION,  Fecundation. 

FECONDITE,  Fecundity. 

FEC'ULA,  Fa'cula,  diminutive  oi  fcBoc,  fmcis, 
'lee.'  An  immediate  principle  of  vegetables, 
composed  of  hydrogen,  oxygen,  and  carbon.  It 
exists  in  several  plants,  and  has  dift'erent  names, 
according  to  that  which  furnishes  it.  (F.)  Fecule, 
Amydole.  When  extracted  from  wheat  or  barley, 
it  is  called  starch,  Am'ylum.  When  from  Cycas 
circina'lis,  Sago;  —  from  OrcTiis  mo'rio,  Salep. 
We  say,  also,  Fecula  of  the  Potato,  Bryony, 
Arum,  Manioc,  &c. 

Fecula,  Green.  This  name  is  given  to  a  green, 
solid  matter,  of  variable  character,  which  is  be- 
lieved to  be  resinous,  and  which  renders  turbid 
several  kinds  of  juices,  extracted  from  vegetables. 
It  is  also  called  Chloroiihyll. 

Fecula  Amylacea,  Amylum  —  f.  Marantse, 
Arrow-root — f.  Tapioka,  see  Jatropha  manihot. 

FECULE,  Fecula. 

FECULENCE,  Fcscnlen'tia,  Fceeos'itas,  Fax, 
plural  Faces,  Lemma,  Lee,  Depos'it,  Dregs.  In 
Pharmacy,  feculent,  albuminous,  or  other  sub- 
stances, which  are  deposited  from  turbid  fluids. 

FECULENT,  Faculen'tus,  Hypot'rygus,  Try- 
go' des.  'Foul,  dreggy,  excrementitious;'  as  a 
feculent  fluid,  feculent  evacuations ,  &c. 

FECUND,  Fecun'dv^,F(Scun'dus,  (F.)  Fecond. 
Same  etymon  as  the  next.     Fruitful,  prolific. 


FECUNDA'TION,  Facunda'lio,  Impregna'- 
tion,  ImprcBgna'tio,  Ingravida'tio,  Pragna'tio, 
Gravida'tio,  Pragna'tus,  Fructifica'tio,  Cye'sis, 
Encye'sis,  Encymo'sia,  Procrea'tion,  (F.)  Fecon- 
dation.  The  act  by  which,  in  organized  beings, 
the  material  furnished  by  the  generative  organs 
of  the  female,  unites  with  that  prepared  by  those 
of  the  male,  so  that  a  new  being  results. 

FECUN'DITY,  Eutoc'ia,  Facun'ditas,  Pro- 
ductiv'itas,  (F.)  Fecondite.  The  faculty  of  repro- 
duction, possessed  by  organized  bodies. 

It  has  been  estimated  that,  throughout  a  coun- 
try, taking  one  marriage  with  another,  not  more 
than  4  children  are  the  result;  and  in  towns  only 
35  children  to  10  marriages. 

FEE,  Pyschorages,  Sostrum. 

FEET,  BURNING  OF  THE.  A  singular  ca- 
chectic disease,  described  by  Mr.  Malcolmson  as 
occurring  in  India,  the  prominent  symptom  of 
which  was  a  sense  of  burning  in  the  feet. 

FEGARITE,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Stomatitis, 
pseudo-membranous. 

FEIGNED  DISEASES,  Morli  dissimula'ti 
seu  siyniila'ti  seu  eela'ti  seu  infitia'ti  seu  pseuda'- 
lei,  Sim'idated  or  Pretend'ed  diseases,  (F.)  Ilala- 
dies  dissimulees  ou  simulees  ou  feintes  ou  svppo- 
sees.  The  tricks  employed,  by  impostors,  to 
induce  a  belief  that  they  are  attacked  with  dis- 
eases when  they  are  not.  These  are  generally 
assumed  by  beggars  to  obtain  alms:  by  criminals 
to  escape  punishment;  and  by  soldiers  to  be 
exempt  from  duty. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  chief  feigned 
diseases,  with  the  means  of  detection : 


A  TABLE  OF  FEIGNED,  PRETENDED,  SIMULATED,  OR  EXCITED  DISEASES   OR 

DISQUALIFIC-4.TI0NS. 


Diseases,  &o. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


1.  Abortion. 

2.  Abstinence. 


3.  Amaurotic 
Blindness. 


4.  Apoplexy. 


5.  Cachexia,  Ane- 
mia, and  Debility. 

6.  Excretion    of 

Calculi. 

7.  Cancerous  Ul- 

cer. 


8.  Catalepsy. 


9.  Chorea. 


10.  CoNTRACTIOJf     of 

Joints   in   Gene- 

EAL 


By  staining  the  clothes  and  body 
with  borrowed  blood. 


By  applying  the  extract  of  bella- 
donna or  datiira  stramonium  to 
the  eye. 

By  falling  down  as  if  deprived  of 
sensation  and  consciousness. 

Using  substances  to  make  the  face 
appear  pale  and  livid.  Indulging 
freely  in  wine,  and  privation  of 
sleep  prior  to  examination. 

Putting  sand,  pebbles,  &c.,  into  the 
urine. 

By  gluing  on  a  portion  of  a  spleen 
with  the  smooth  side  to  the  skin, 
leaving  on  the  outside  the  ap- 
pearance of  an  ulcerated  surface. 

By  seeming  to  be  suddenly  motion- 
less, the  joints  remaining  flexible, 
and  external  objects  making  no 
impression. 


By  assuming  the  convulsive  motions 
of  a  part  which  characterize  cho- 


By  constant  and  minute  attention. 

Amaurosis  is  characterized  by  dila- 
ted' pupil.  Where  these  sub- 
stances have  been  applied,  the 
effects  will  go  off  in  ten  days  or  a 
fortnight. 

By  powerful  stimulants ;  an  electric 
shock ;  application  of  hot  water, 
sternutatories,  actual  cautery,  &c. 

By  examining  if  the  pulse  be  sti-ong, 
and  the  skin  hot,  and  whether 
there  be  loss  of  appetite  or  of 
strength,  or  swelling  of  the  limbs. 

By  the  aid  of  chymistry.  We  are 
acquainted  with  the  chymical 
composition  of  urinary  calculi. 

By  noticing  whether  there  be  signs 
of  cachexia,  and  by  attentive  ex- 
amination of  the  part. 

By  powerful  stimulants,  as  recom- 
mended under  apoplexy.  Letting 
fall  a  drop  of  boiling  water  on  the 
back.  Proposing  to  use  the  ac- 
tual cautery,  and  seeing  whether 
the  pulse  rises. 

By  examining  the  patient  whilst  he 
may  imagine  himself  unobserved, 
and  seeing  whether  the  convul- 
sive motions  go  on.  By  aness- 
thetics.  (?) 

Mode  of  discrimination  sometimes 
so  obscure  as  to  deceive  the  most 
practised  and  attentive. 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


380 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


Diseases,  &o. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


11.  CONTRACTIOX     OF 

THE  Fingers. 


12.  COiVVULSIONS. 


13.  Opake  Cornea. 


'4.  GuTANEOvs  Dis- 
eases. 


15. Deaf-Dumbness.  - 


16.  Deafness. 


17.  Death. 

18.  Debility, 
Cachexia. 

19.  Deformity. 


20.  Delivery. 


21.  DlARRH(EA. 


22.  Dropsy. 


23.  Dysentery. 


Produced  by  the  application  of  a 
strong  acid,  by  acrid  powders,  as 
quicldime,  &c. 

Some  articles  of  diet  will  bring  on 
urticaria  or  nettle-rash,  in  parti- 
cular individuals,  as  shell-fish, 
bitter  almonds,  &c.  By  acrids, 
acids,  or  any  irritants  applied  to  - 
the  surface.  An  ointment  of  tar- 
tarized  antimony  causes  a  painful 
pustular  eruption.  See  Porrigo, 
in  this  list. 


It  may  be  assumed  or  excited  by 
putting  a  pea  in  the  ear,  or  by 
inserting  irritants,  so  as  to  induce 
inflammation  and  temporary  loss 
of  function. 

Some  persons  possess  the  power  of 
suspending  or  moderating  the  ac- 
tion of  the  heart. 


After  enlargement  produced  artifi- 
cially, a  subsidence  of  the  tume- 
faction :  the  parts  being  moisten- 
ed by  borrowed  blood,  and  the 
child  of  another  substituted  as 
the  female's  own. 


Said  to  have  been  caused  byamix- 
I       ture  of  vinegar  and  burnt  cork.  (?) 
May  be  occasioned  by  the  use  of 
any  of  the  purgative  roots,  &c. 


'  May  be  feigned,  like  pregnancy,  by 
wearing  pads.  The  anasarcous 
condition  of  the  lower  limbs  has 
been  caused  by  applying  a  liga- 
ture round  them.  By  inflating 
the  cellular  membrane  of  the  ab- 
domen. 
May  be  feigned,  like  diarrhoea,  by 
adding  a  little  blood  to  the  eva- 
cuations, or  by  introducing  a  soap 
or  some  more  irritating  supposi- 

l       tory.  


Introduce  a  cord  between  the  fin- 
gers and  the  palm  of  the  hand, 
and  gradually  apply  weights  so 
as  to  expand  the  fingers.  Confine 
him  so  that  he  cannot  obtain  his 
food  without  using  his  clenched 
hand. 

When  feigned,  they  do  not  present 
the  rigidity  of  muscles  or  the  ra- 
pidity of  action  which  characte- 
rize the  real.  The  mode  of  de- 
tection must  be  the  same  as  in 
epilepsy. 

The  existence  of  the  opacity  can  be 
detected  by  attentive  observation. 


By  careful  examination  on  the  part 
of  practitioner  and  nurse. 


The  really  deaf  and  dumb  acquire 
an  expression  of  countenance  and 
gestures  which  it  is  diiSeult  to 
assume. 

Make  a  noise  when  not  expected, 
and  see  if  the  countenance  varies 
or  pulse  rises.  Put  to  sleep  by 
opium,  and  then  fire  a  pistol  close 
to  the  ear,  when  he  may  be 
thrown  off  his  guard.  Examine 
the  ear  to  see  if  any  trick  has 
been  played  there. 

If  suspected,  the  plan  recommended 
under  apoplexy  wUl  be  found 
most  efficacious. 


Examine  the  part  and  its  articula- 
tion, naked,  and  compare  it  with 
the  opposite. 

Can  only  be  positively  detected  by 
examination  per  vaginam.  Soon 
after  delivery,  the  vagina  will  be 
relaxed  and  the  lochial  discharge 
be  flowing  in  greater  abundance, 
the  shorter  the  time  that  may 
have  elapsed  since  delivery. 

When  diarrhoea  is  feigned  by  the 
lower  classes,  inspect  the  linen  ; 
if  clean,  the  bowels  are  probably 
not  much  out  of  order.  Let  every 
individual  have  a  close  stool  of 
his  own ;  and  inspect  the  evacua- 
tions, taking  care  that  one  suffer- 
ing under  the  disease  does  not 
lend  his  evacuations  to  another. 

Can  be  detected  by  attentive  exa- 
mination. There  will  be  a  want 
of  that  leucophlegmatic  habit 
which  accompanies  and  charac- 
terizes dropsy. 


Same  rules  as  under  diarrhoea. 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


381 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


Diseases,  &e. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


24.  Epilepsy. 


25.  Feveh. 


26.  Fistula  in  And. 


27.  Fractures. 


28.  H^matemesis. 


i  29.  HEMOPTYSIS. 


30.  Hjemorrhoids. 

31.  Heart,Diseases 
OF,  see  Palpita- 
tion. 


32.  Hepatitis, 


33.  Hernia. 

34.  Hydrocele. 


1 35.  Hydrocepha- 
lus. 


1 36.  Hysteria. 


37.  Insanity. 


38.  Jaundice. 


The  foaming  of  the  mouth  has  been 
produced  by  keeping  a  piece  of  - 
soap  in  it. 


By  various  stimulants,  as  wine, 
brandy,  pepper;  swallowing  a 
small  quantity  of  tobacco,  or  in- 
troducing it  into  the  anus.  Flour  - 
or  chalk  used  to  whiten  the 
tongue.  Redness  of  skin,  caused 
by  friction  with  a  hard  brush. 

By  making  an  incision  near  the 
verge  of  the  anus,  and  introducing 
into  it  an  acrid  tent,  such  as  the 
root  of  lohite  hellebore,  &c. 

There  is  generally  nothing  but  the 
man's  own  testimony.  He  com- 
plains of  pain  in  the  part;  if  frac- 
ture of  the  skull  be  feigned,  he 
states,  perhaps,  that  he  becomes 
deranged  on  tasting  liquor.  * 

By  drinking  the  blood  of  some  ani- 
mal, or  using  some  coloured  li- 
quid, and  then  throwing  it  up. 

By  secreting  bullock's  blood  for  the 
purpose  of  colouring  the  saliva; 
making  small  incisions  in  the 
mouth  ;  using  bole  armeniac  or 
paint  of  vermilion. 

By  introducing  bladders  of  rats  or  of 
small  fish  partly  into  the  rectum. 

The  linen  has  also  been  stained 
with  borrowed  blood. 


Sensation  in  epilepsy  is  totally  abo- 
lished. If  any  remain,  disease 
probably  feigned.  In  contractility 
of  pupil,  which  occurs  in  epilepsy, 
cannot  be  feigned.  Same  means 
to  be  used  as  in  feigned  apoplexj . 

This  deceit  is  generally  developed 
by  a  day  or  two's  examination. 
Where  flour  or  chalk  has  been 
used  to  whiten  the  tongue,  the 
line  of  demarcation  between  the 
whitened  part  and  the  clean, 
healthy  margin  of  the  tongue,  is 
too  well  marked  to  escape  obser- 
vation. 

By  careful  examination. 


By  attentive  examination. 


By  cutting  off  the  supply  of  the  fluid 
and  careful  examination. 

Blood  from  the  lungs  is  frothy  and 
light-coloured.  Mouth  and  fauces 
must  be  carefully  inspected,  and 
the  individual  be  observed. 


In  the  same  manner  as  hydrocele; 
—  by  inflation. 

By  puncturing  the  skin  of  the  scro- 
tum, and  inflating  the  cellular 
membrane. 

By  opening  the  integuments  of  the 
head,  near  the  vertex,  e.  g.  and 
blowing  in  air. 


By  colouring  the  skin  with  an  infu- 
sion of  turmeric  or  tincture  of 
rhubarb.  Clay -coloured  stooZs  pro- 
duced by  taking  daily  a  small 
quantity  of  muriatic  acid.  High- 
colnured  urine  by  rhubarb  taken 
internally. 


The  means  are  obvious. 


'  Unless  the  person  be  a  well-educated 
impostor,  acute  inflammation  of 
the  liver  will  be  detected  by  the 
absence  of  marks  of  strong  in- 
flammatory action.  Chronic  liver 
disease  is,  freqviently,  not  charac- 
terized by  well-marked  symp- 
toms, and  hence,  when  assumed, 
is  difficult  of  detection. 

The  detection  is  easy. 
Do. 


Do. 

Does  not  easily  resist  the  applica- 
tion of  strong  sternutatories  to 
the  nostrils.  Attentive  examina- 
tion necessary. 

The  expression  of  countenance  can- 
not easily  be  feigned.  Nor  can 
the  afTection  be  kept  up  so  long 
as  in  real  mental  alienation.  The 
individual  cannot  do  so  long  with- 
out food,  sleep,  kc. 

The  eyes  cannot  be  coloured,  al- 
though smoke  has  been  used  for 
this  purpose.  The  skin  must  be 
washed  to  remove  the  colouring 
matter  if  any  exist,  and  the  sup- 
ply of  acid  and  rhubarb  be  pre- 
vented. 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


382 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


39.  Lameness. 


•10.  MENSTRtTATION. 


41.  Mtopia. 

Shortsightedness. 


42.  Ophthalmia. 


43.  Oz.ena. 


44.  Palpitation. 


45.  Pains. 


Shaking  Palsy. 


4T.  Pabaltsis. 


48.   Phthisis    Pul- 

MONALIS. 


49.  Polypus  Nasi. 


50.  PORKIGO. 

Scalled  Head. 


61.  Pee&nancy. 

52.  Peolapsus  Ani. 

53.  Prolapsus  Ute- 
ri. 


By  keeping  the  limb  in  a  contracted 
state,  and  resisting  any  eflForts  to 
move  it. 

By  staining  the  clothes  and  body 
with  borrowed  biood. 


Individuals  with  long  necks  and 
contracted  shoulders  have  simu- 
lated phthisis,  by  covering  the 
chest  with  blisters,  cicatrices  of 
issues,  &e.,  and  by  taking  drugs 
which  cause  paleness. 

By  introducing  the  testicle  of  a 
young  cock,  or  the  kidney  of  a 
rabbit,  into  the  nostril,  and  re- 
taining it  there  by  means  of  a 
sponge  fastened  to  it. 

By  applying  nitric  acid  to  the  head, 
after  protecting  the  face  with 
fatty  substances  ;  but  the  chronic 
state  is  imitated  by  the  use  of 
depilatories  of  different  kinds  ap- 
plied sometimes  in  patches,  so 
as  to  resemble  the  Porrigo  de- 
calvans. 

By  wearing  pads,  and  assuming  the 
longing  after  particular  articles 
of  diet,  &c. 

By  aportion  of  theintestine  of  the  ox, 
in  which  a  sponge  filled  with  a 
mixture  of  blood  andmUk  is  placed. 


Excited  by  a  variety  of  acrid  and 
corrosive  substances  applied  to 
the  eye ;  as  lime,  &c. 

A  portion  of  black  muslin,  spread 
over  the  cornea.  The  eyelashes 
are  sometimes  extracted,  and 
caustic  applied  to  excite  disease 
in  the  palpebra. 

By  impregnating  a  piece  of  sponge 
with  some  offensive  juices  or  oils, 
mixed  with  decayed  cheese,  and 
putting  the  imbued  sponge  into 
the  nostrils. 

White  hellebore,  given  in  the  dose 
of  10  or  12  grains,  and  repeated, 
will  occasion  general  indisposi- 
tion, and  undue  action  of  the  heart. 


By  two  persons  taking  hold  of  the 
individual  and  moving  rapidly 
along  with  him ;  and  when  they 
are  tired,  having  relays.  The 
impostor  will  generally  give  in. 

By  cutting  off  the  supply. 

Present  an  open  book,  and  applj' 
the  leaves  close  to  the  nose.  If 
it  cannot  be  read  distinctly,  when 
thus  placed,  or  when  glasses 
proper  for  short-sightedness  are 
used,  the  disease  is  feigned. 


When  ophthalmia  is  thus  excited, 
its  progress  is  ordinarily  very 
rapid,  arriving  at  its  height  within 
a  few  hours. 


Cut  off  the  supply. 

The  detection  is  here  often  difficult. 
The  non-existence  of  pain  cannot 
be  proved,  and  great  pain  may  be 
present  without  any  appearance 
externally. 

The  imposition  is  more  frequently 
detected  by  inconsistencies  and 
contradictions  in  the  patient's 
history  of  the  ease,  than  in  any 
other  manner. 

May  be  suspected,  if  the  person  be 
in  an  ordinary  state  of  vigour. 
Try  violent  remedies  and  means, 
recommended  under  Chorea. 

Violent  remedies  are  here  required. 
Cold  affusion,  actual  cautery, 
electric  shocks,  <fec. 


By  attentive  examination  of  the 

symptoms. 


By  the  absence  of  the  areola;  the 
presence  of  a  pad ;  and,  if  neces- 
sary, by  examination  per  vaginam. 


By  a  similar  fraud. 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


;83 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feignkd. 


How  Detected. 


54.  Pulse,   Weak- 
ness   OB   Defect 

OF. 

55.  Chronic  Rheu- 
matism. 

See  Pain. 

56.  Scrofula. 


57.  Scurvy. 


By  ligatures  applied  to  the  corre- 
sponding arm. 


J   By  exciting  wlcers  below  the  angles 
of  the  jaw. 

By  covering  the  teeth  with  wax, 
and  then  applying  acid,  corrosive 
substances  to  the  gums. 


68.  Stammering. 


OF    i 


59.  Stricture 
THE  Urethra 

60.  Swelling  of  the 
Legs. 

61.  Syncope. 


62.  Tympany. 


63.  Ulcer    of   the 

Ear. 


'64.  Ulcers  op  the 
Legs,  &c. 


65.  Bloody  Urine.  - 


5.  Incontinence  op 
Urine. 


67.  Varicose  Veinb. 


By  ligatures  round  the  thighs. 

Ligatures  are  sometimes  used  to 
prevent  the  pulse  being  felt.  By 
applying  lotions  to  the  face  to 
make  it  pale. 

Persons  have  possessed  the  power  of 
swallowing  air,  so  as  to  distend  the 
stomach,  and  simulate  tympany. 

By  introducing  a  tent,  imbued  with 
blistering  plaster  into  the  ear, 
and  repeating  the  application, 
until  the  tube  becomes  ulcerated, 
and  a  discharge  of  puriform  mat- 
ter is  established.  The  fetid  smell 
is  imitated,  by  dropping  into  the 
ear  &  mixture  of  empyreumatic 
oil,  asafoetida,  and  old  cheese. 
Also,  by  introducing  a  little  honey 
into  the  meatus. 

By  corrosives,  or  irritants.  Some- 
times by  abrasion,  by  rubbing 
sand  on  the  shin-bone.  At  others, 
they  are  pretended,  by  gluing  on 
a  piece  of  spleen  or  the  skin  of  a 
frog. 

The  fruit  of  the  Indian  Fig  [Cnrjim 
opuntia)  colours  the  urine  as  red 
as  blood.  Cantharides  will  cause 
it.  Blood  may  also  be  procured 
and  mixed  with  the  urine. 


Bj  examining  whether  the  arteries 
of  the  two  arms  beat  alike;  and 
if  a  ligature  be  placed  on  the  arm. 


By  examining  the  general  habit, 
and  observing  whether  the  ulce- 
rations be  glandular,  and  the  dis- 
charge of  a  scrofulous  character. 

By  examining  the  general  habit; 
whether  debilitated,  cachectic, 
and  possessing  the  usual  general 
signs  of  scorbutus. 

Simulators  of  this  defect  generally 
state,  that  it  is  connate,  or  ascribe 
it  to  a  fit  of  apoplexy  or  severe 
fever.  Where  the  organs  of 
speech  were  perfect,  and  the  mo- 
ral evidence  of  the  previous  ex- 
istence of  the  infirmity  was  not 
satisfactory,  the  French  authori- 
ties used  to  confine  the  soldiers, 
and  not  supply  them  with  food, 
until  they  called  for  it  without 
stammering. 

By  passing  a  bougie. 

Examine  the  limbs  uncovered. 

By  using  sternutatories.  By  the 
absence  of  some  of  the  symptoms 
of  syncope.  Examine  the  naked 
arms.     Wash  the  face. 


By  a  ligature,  placed  tightly  round 
the  limb.  They  may  be  excited 
in  this  manner,  or  aggravated  if 
already  existing. 


-  By  careful  examination. 


Artificial  ulcers  have,  usually,  a 
more  distinct  margin,  and  are 
more  readily  healed  than  others ; 
the  latter  being  generally  indi- 
cative of  an  impaired  constitu- 
tion. 

By  making  the  patient  pass  his 
urine  in  the  presence  of  the  phy- 
sician, and  examining  the  vessel 
before  and  after.  By  cutting  off 
the  supply  of  any  substance,  which 
could  cause  the  appearance. 

Difficult,  at  times,  of  detection.  Give 
the  person  a  full  dose  of  opium, 
and  introduce  the  catheter  when 
he  is  asleep.  If  there  be  urine, 
the  incontinence  is  feigned. 


By  examining  the  limb. 


FEL 


38' 


FERN 


FEL,  Bile — f.  Anguillse,  see  Bile — f.  Bovinum, 
Bile  of  the  Ox  —  f.  Bovis,  see  Bile  —  f.  Naturae, 
Aloes — f.  Tauri,  see  Bile — f.  Terras,  Ludus  Hel- 
montii — f.  Ursi,  see  Bile — f.  Vitri,  see  Vitrum. 

FELDSCHEEREN,  Bathers. 

FELINEUS,  Bilious. 

FELLEUS,  Biliary,  Bilious. 

FELLIDUCUS,  Cholagogue. 

FELLIS  OBSTRUCTIO,  Icterus  — f.  Super- 
fusio,  Icterus — f.  Suffusio,  Icterus. 

FELON,  Paronychia. 

FELTING,  from  Anglo-Saxon  peic,  cloth  or 
stufif  made  without  weaving.  Taiujling.  A  term 
applied  to  the  hair  when  inextricably  interlaced, 
as  occurs  occasionally  in  women  from  inattention. 

FEL  URE  DE  GLASER,  Fissure,  glenoid. 

FELWORT,  Gentiana  lutea. 

FEMALE,  Fce'mina,  Fe'mina,  Gyne,  (F.)  Fe- 
melle,  {Femme,  'woman.')  In  animals,  the  one 
that  engenders  and  bears  the  young.  It  is,  also, 
used  adjectively; — as,  the  Female  Sex,  &c. 

Female  Parts,  Vulva. 

FEMELLE,  Female. 

FEMEN,  Thigh  (inner  part).  Vulva. 

FBMINA,  Female. 

FEMINES'CENCE,  Foeminescen'tia,  from  /ce- 
m?rtcf,  'a  female.'  The  possession  or  assumption 
of  certain  male  characteristics  by  the  female. — 
Mehliss. 

FE3[ME  EN  COUCHE,  Puerpera. 

FEM'ORAL,  Femora'lis,  from  femur,  femorin, 
'the  thigh-bone.'  Belonging  or  relating  to  the 
thigh  ;  as  Femoral  artery,  Femoral  hernia,  Ac. 
See  Crural. 

FEMORALIS,  Triceps  cruris. 

FEMORO-CALCANIEN  PETIT,  Plantar 
muscle — f.  Popliteal,  great,  Sciatic  nerve,  great 
—  f.  Popliti-tibial,  Poplitaeus  muscle. 

FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL,  Femoro-tibia'lis.  Be- 
longing to  the  femur  and  tibia.  The  Femoro- 
tihial  articulation  is  the  knee-joint. 

FEMUR,  J/firus,  Me'rium.  The  thigh  (q.  v.) 
Also,  the  thiyh  hone,  Os  fem'oris,  (F.)  L'os  de  la 
Cuisse.  The  strongest  and  longest  of  all  the 
bones  of  the  body,  extending  from  the  pelvis  to 
the  tibia,  and  forming  the  solid  part  of  the  thigh. 
The  femur  is  cylindrical,  slightly  curved  anteri- 
orly, unsymmetrical  and  oblique  downwards  and 
inwards.  The  body  of  the  bone  is  prismatic,  and 
has,  behind,  a  prominent  ridge,  the  linea  aspera. 

jj       _         f  Head  supported  on  a 

^'  .         \      column  or  neck. 
r,    ^      •,      ]  Great  trochanter. 
Extremity,   [lesser  trochanter. 

r  J.    .  f  External  condyle. 

Inferior  or  \  t   .  ,  ■,    , 

T-A-  ;      J  Internal  condyle. 

JiOtai      <  External  tuberosity. 
Extremity.   ' 


Processes. 


Internal  tuberosity. 


The  femur  ossifies  from  five  points:  —  one  on 
each  process  of  the  pelvic  extremity;  one  in  the 
body  of  the  bone;  and  two  on  the  condyles.  It 
is  articulated  with  the  pelvis,  tibia,  and  patella. 
See  Thigh. 

FEMUR  COL  DU,  Collum  femoris— f.  Mo- 
rentium  septimus,  Iliacus  internus  —  f.  Moven- 
tium  sextus.  Psoas  magnus — f  Summum,  Vulva. 

FENES'TRA.  A  windoio,  (akin  to  (paivia,  'I 
show,' and  to  Sanscrit /anw.)  (F.)  Fenfire.  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  two  apertures, 
situate  in  the  inner  paries  of  the  cavity  of  the 
tympanum.  The  one  of  these  is  the  Fenest'ra 
ova  lis  seu  vestihula'ris,  Fora'men  ova'le.  It  is 
oval-shaped ;  situate  at  the  base  of  the  stapes, 
and  corresponds  with  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule. 
The  other  is  the  Fenest'ra  rotun'da  seu  cochlea'- 
ris  seu  triq'uetra,  Fora'men  rotun'dum.  It  is 
closed  by  a  fine,  transparent  membrane,  called 


Memhra'na  Tympani  necun'daria.  Tympanum  mi- 
nus seu  secnnda'rium,  Memhra'na  fenestra  rotun'- 
dcB,  and  corresponds  to  the  inner  scala  of  the 
cochlea. 

Fenestra  Oculi,  Pupil. 

FENES'TRAL,    Fenestra'tus,    from   fenestra, 
'a   window.'      (F.)    FenetrS   et   Fenestre.      Ban- 
dages, compresses,  or  plasters  with  small  perfo- 
rations or  openings,  are  so  called.     The  openings 
prevent  the  detention  of  the  discharge. 
FENESTRATUS,  Fenestral. 
FENESTRE,  FenestraL 
FENhTRE,  Fenestra. 
FENJ^TRE,  Fenestral. 

FENNEL,  Anethum — f.  Dogs',  Anthemis  co- 
tula — f.  Flower,  Nigella — f.  Hog's,  Peucedanum 
—  f.  Sweet,  Anethum  —  f.  Water,  Phellandrium 
aquaticum. 

FENOUIL,  Anethum—/.  d'Eau,  Phellandrium 
aquaticum — •/.  Marin,  Crithmum  maritimum— ■/. 
de  Pore,  Peucedanum  — /.  Puant,  Anethum  gra- 
veolens. 

FENTE,  Fissure—/.  Capillaire,  see  Pilatio — 
/.  Glenoidale,  Fissure,  glenoid — ■/.  Orhitaire,  Or- 
bitar  fissure — /.  Orhitaire  inferieure.  Spheno- 
maxillary fissure — /.  Spheno-maxillaire,  Spheno- 
maxillary fissure — /.  SphSnoidale,  Sphenoidal 
fissure. 

FENUGREC,  Trigonella  foenum. 
FENUGREEK,  Trigonella  foenum. 
FER,  Ferrum— /.  Acetate  de,  Ferri  acetas— /. 
Bromiire  de,  see  Bromine — /.  Carbonate  de,  Ferri 
protocarbonas  — /.  Carbure  de.  Graphites  — /. 
Chaiid,  Pyrosis  — /.  Hydrate  de,  tritoxide.  de, 
Utiles— /.  Hydriodate  de,  see  Ferri  iodidum— /. 
lodure  de,  Ferri  iodidum,  see  Iodine — /.  Lactate 
de,  Ferri  Lactas — /.  Limaille  de,  Ferri  liwatiira 
— -/.  Perchlorure  de,  Ferri  chloridum — /.  Peroxide 
de,  Ferri  subcarbonas  — /.  et  de  Potasse,  tartrate 
de,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — f.  et  de  Potassium,  cya- 
nure  de,  Potassii  Ferrocyanuretum  — /.  et  de  Po- 
tassium, protocyanure  de,  Potassii  Ferrocyannre- 
tum— /.  Reduit  par  I'hydrogene,  Ferri  pulvis— /. 
Sulphate  de,  Ferri  Sulphas-^/".  Sulphure  de,  Ferri 
Sulphuretum — /.  Tannate  de,  Ferri  tannas — /. 
Trichlorure  de,  Ferri  chloridum — /.  Valerianate 
de,  Ferri  Valerian  as. 
FERALIS  PEDICULUS,  see  Pediculus. 
FERINE,  Feri'nns;  'savage,  brutal;'  from 
fera,  .'a  wild  beast.'  Therio'des.  A  term,  ap- 
plied to  any  malignant  or  noxious  disease.  In 
France  it  is  used  only  when  joined  to  Toux ; 
Toax  ferine,  a  dry,  obstinate,  and  painful  cough. 
FERMENT,  Fermen'tum,  (quasi  fervimcntum, 
from  ferveo,  'I  burn,  I  ferment,')  Zyma,  Zymo'- 
ma,  Leven,  (F.)  Levain.  The  latrochymists  ap- 
plied this  name  to  imaginary  substances,  Fer- 
men'ta  mor'hi,  to  which  they  attributed  the  power 
of  producing  disease,  by  exciting  a  fermentation 
in  the  humours. 

FERMENTA'TION,  Fermenta'tio,  Zymo'sis, 
jEstua'tio,  Causis,  Brasmos.  Same  etymon.  An 
intestinal  movement,  occurring  spontaneously  in 
a  liquid;  whence  result  certain  substances,  that 
did  not  previously  exist  in  it. 

The  chemical  physicians  attributed  all  diseases 
to  an  imaginary  fermentation  of  the  humours. 
Fermentation,  Putrefactive,  Putrefaction. 
FERMENTUM  CEREVISIiB,  Yest— f.  Morbi, 
Ferment — f.  Ventriculi,  Gastric  juice. 

FERN,  BUSH,  Comptonia  asplenifolia — f.  Cin- 
namon, Osmunda  cinnamomea  —  f.  Eagle,  Pteris 
aquilina  —  f.  Female,  Asplenium  filix  foemina, 
Pteris  aquilina — f.  Flowering,  Osmunda  regalis — 
f.  Gale,  Comptonia  asplenifolia  —  f.  Male,  Poly, 
podium  filix  mas — f  Meadow,  Comptonia  aspleni- 
folia—  f  Rock,  Adiantum  pedatum  —  f.  Root, 
Poly  podium  vulgare — f.  Sweet,  Adiantum  peda- 


FERNAMBUCO   WOOD 


385 


FERRI PHOSPHAS 


turn,  Coinptonia  asplenifolia — f.  Sweet,  shrubby, 
Comptonia  asplenifolia. 

FERNAMBUCO  WOOD,  C^salpinia  ecbinata. 

FERNFRECKLED,  Ephelides. 

FERNITICKLES,  Ephelides. 

FERO'NIA  ELEPHAN'TUM,  (from  the  god- 
dess Feronia.)  A  tree  of  India,  Order  Auranti- 
aceas,  which  yields  a  gum  closely  resembling 
Gum  Arabic.  Dr.  Pereira  thinks  it  not  impro- 
bable, that  a  part  of  the  East  India  gum  taken  to 
England  may  be  the  produce  of  this  tree.  The 
leaves  are  aromatic,  of  an  odour  resembling  anise, 
and  are  used  as  a  carminative. 

FERRAMEN'TUM,  Side'rion,  Inatrnmen'tum 
fer'reum,  from  ferrum,  'iron.'  Any  surgical  in- 
strument made  of  iron.  By  the  vulgar,  in  France, 
the  word  ferrements  means  the  instruments  used 
in  difSeult  labours. 

FERRARIA,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

FERRATUS.  Chalybeate. 

FERREIN,  CANAL  OF,  Ductus  Ferrei'ni.  A 
triangular  channel,  which  Ferrein  supposed  to 
result  from  the  approximation  of  the  free  edges 
of  the  eyelids  applied  to  the  globe  of  the  eye; 
and  which  he  considered  adapted  for  directing 
the  tears  towards  the  puncta  lacrymalia,  during 
sleep.     The  canal  is,  probably,  imaginary. 

The  same  name  is  likewise  given  to  the  corti- 
cal canals,— i\\e  first  portions  of  the  uriniferous 
ducts,  whilst  still  in  the  cortical  substance  of  the 
kidney. 

Ferreix,  Pvr'amids  of,  Pyram'ides  Ferrei'ni. 
Each  of  the  papillae  of  the  kidney,  according  to 
Ferrein,  consists  of,  at  least,  700  subordinate 
cones  or  pyramids.  To  these  last  the  names  'py- 
ramids of  Ferrein'  Pyram'ides  rena'les  Ferrei'ni, 
Fascic'uli  pyramida'les,  Fas'ciculi  cortica'les, 
Loh'uli  renum,  have  been  given. 

FERRI  ACE'TAS,  Extrac'tum  martis  ace'ti- 
cum,  Ace'ticum  martia'le,  Ac"etate  of  Iron,  Iron 
Liquor,  (F. )  AcetatK  de  fer.  A  preparation  of 
the  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia,  made  by  digesting  1 
part  of  carbonate  of  iron  in  6  parts  of  acetic  acid 
for  three  days,  and  filtering.  Dose,  as  a  tonic 
and  astringent,  TT^v  to  TTLxx,  in  water. 

Feriu  ^rugo,  F.  Subearisonas  —  f.  et  Ammo- 
nias murias,  Ferrum  ammoniatum  —  f.  Ammonio- 
chloridum,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

Ferri  et  Alu'mixje  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Iron 
and  Alumina,  is  made  by  treating  bicarhonated 
solution  of  soft  iron  and  carbonated  solution  of 
pure  washed  cdumina,  with  sulphuric  acid.  It 
has  been  recommended  as  a  valuable  astringent. 
Dose,  from  five  to  ten  grains. 

Ferri  Ammo'nio-citras,  Amm.onics  ferro-citras, 
Ferrum  ammoni'  aco-cit'  ricum,  Ammonio-citrate 
of  iron,  Citrate  of  ammonia  and  iron.  Prepared 
by  adding  ammonia  to  citrate  of  iron,  so  as  to 
neutralize  the  excess  of  acid.  Dose,  gr.  v.  to  gr. 
viij.  A  PoTASsio-CiTRATE  and  a  Sodio-Citratb 
OF  Iron  have  also  been  introduced;  and  a  Ci- 
trate of  the  Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron  prepared 
by  combining  the  magnetic  oxide  with  citric  acid. 

Ferri  Amjionio-tartras,  ^mwoHi'o-fartz-rt^e  of 
Iron.  This  salt  is  best  made  by  dissolving  to 
saturation  freshly  precipitated  hydrated  oxide  of 
iron  in  a  solution  of  bitartrate  of  ammonia,  and 
evaporating  to  dryness.  It  is  very  soluble.  The 
dose  is  five  grains  or  more  in  pill  or  solution. 

Ferri  Arsenias,  Arseniate  of  Iron — f.  Borus- 
sias,  Prussian  blue — f.  Bromidum,  see  Bromine — 
f.  Carbonas,  F.  subcarbonas  —  f.  Carbonas  Sac- 
charatum,  see  F.  Protocarbonas — f.  Carbonas  cum 
Saccharo,  see  Fei-ri  Protocarbonas  —  f.  Carbona- 
tum.  Graphites — f.  Carburetum,  Graphites. 

Ferri  Chlo'ridum,  F.  Sesquichlo'ridum,  (F.) 
Trichlorure  ou  Perchlorure  defer,  Chloride,  Ses- 
quichloride,  Perchloride  or  Muriate  of  Iron,  is 
obtained  by  dissolving  sesqui-chloride  of  iron  in 


chlorohydric  acid.  It  is  generally  prescribed  in 
the  form  of  Tinctura  Ferri  Chloridi.  A  concen- 
trated solution  of  the  perchloride  has  been  used 
as  an  injection  for  the  radical  cure  of  aneurism. 

Ferri  Citras,  Ferrum  cit'ricum,  Citrate  of 
Iron.  Two  citrates  of  iron  are  prepared  —  the 
Sesqnicitrate  or  Citrate  of  the  Sesquioxide ;  and 
the  Citrate  of  the  Protoxide.  The  former  is  ofii- 
cinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  They  resemble,  in  their 
medical  properties,  the  tartrate  and  the  lactate 
of  the  metal.     Dose,  five  grains  or  more. 

Ferri  Cvanuretum,  Prussian  blue — f.  Deuto- 
carbonas  fuseus,  F.  subcarbonas — f.  Deuto.\ydum 
nigrum,  iEthiops  martial — f.  Ferrocyanas,  Prus- 
sian blue — f.  Ferrocyanuretum,  Prussian  blue. 

Ferri  Filuji.  The  pharmacopoeial  name  of 
iron  wire. 

Ferri  Hydriodas,  F.  lodidum  —  f.  Hydro- 
cyanas,  Prussian  blue  —  f.  Hypercarburetum, 
Graphites. 

Ferri  Io'didum,  F.  lodm-e'tum,  Ferrum  ioda'- 
tum.  Iodide,  or  loduret  of  Iron,  (F. )  lodure  dc 
fer ;  in  solution,  Hydri'odate  of  Iron,  Ferri  hy- 
dri'odas.  Ferrum  hydrioda'tum,  (F.)  Hydriodate 
defer,  [lodin.  ^ij,  Ferri  rament.  ^j,  Aq.  destillat. 
Oiss.)  Mix  the  iodine  with  a  pint  of  the  distillesi 
water,  in  a  porcelain  or  glass  vessel,  and  gradu- 
ally add  the  iron  filings,  stirring  constantly. 
Heat  the  mixture  gently  until  the  liquid  acquires 
a  light  greenish  colour:  then  filter;  and,  after  the 
liquid  has  passed,  pour  upon  the  filter  half  a  pint 
of  the  distilled  water,  boiling  hot.  When  thi.s 
has  passed,  evaporate  the  filtered  liquor,  at  a 
temperature  not  exceeding  212°,  in  an  iron  ves- 
sel, to  dryness ;  keep  the  dry  iodide  in  a  closely 
stopped  bottle.  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gr.  iij  to  gr. 
X  or  more. 

Ferri  lonuRETusr,  F.  lodidum. 

Ferri  Lacta.S,  Ferrum  lac'tieum.  Lactate  of 
Iron,  L.  of  Protox'ide  of  Iron,  (F.)  Lactate  de 
Fer.  Prepared  by  digesting  in  a  sand-bath,  at  a 
low  temperature,  diluted  lactic  acid  with  iron 
filings.  It  is  employed  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
precipitated  subcarbonate  of  iron,  and  especially 
in  chlorosis.  Twelve  grains  of  the  lactate  may 
be  given  in  the  24  hours,  in  the  form  of  lozenges. 

Ferri  LnrATu'RA  Purifica'ta,  Pu'rifed  Iron 
Filings: — ^ purified  by  means  of  the  magnet,  for 
internal  use.  The  filings  are,  also,  called  Ferri 
Scobs,  F.  Ramen'ta  et  Fila,  Martis  Limatu'ra, 
Spee'ulum.  In'dicitm,  Ferri  in  pul'verem  re.solu'tio, 
(F.)  Limaille  de  Fer.  They  are  considered  to 
possess  the  general  properties  of  iron  : — the  iron 
becoming  oxidized. 

Ferri  et  Magne'si^  Citras,  Citrate  of  iron 
and  magne'sia,  is  prepared  by  dissolving  hydra- 
ted oxide  of  iron  in  a  solution  of  citric  acid,  satu- 
rated with  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  evapora- 
ting to  dryness.  It  is  soluble  in  water,  and  does 
not  constipate.  Dose,  from  four  grains  to  fifteen, 
in  solution. 

Ferri  Nitras,  see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis — f. 
Nitratis  Liquor,  see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis — f.  Ox- 
idum  Fuscum,  F.  subcarbonas — f.  Oxidum  hydra- 
turn,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum  —  f.  Oxidum 
Jlagneticum,  Oxydum  Ferri  nigrum  —  f.  Oxidum 
Nigrum,  Oxydum  Ferri  nigrum — f.  Oxidum  ru- 
brum,  Colcothar,  Ferri  subcarbonas  —  f.  Oxidum 
hydratum,  Ferrum  oxydum  hydratum  —  f.  Per- 
cyanidum,  Prussian  blue  —  f.  Peroxydum  hydra- 
tum, Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum  —  f.  Perses- 
quinitras,  see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis. 

Ferri  Phosphas,  Phosphate  of  Iron,  (Ferri 
Sidi^hat.  ^Y,  Soda:  Phosphat.  §vi,  AqucB,  cong. 
Dissolve  the  sulphate  of  iron  and  phosphate  of 
soda,  severally,  in  four  pints  of  the  water;  then 
mix  the  solutions,  and  set  the  mixture  by,  that 
the  powder  may  subside;  lastly,  having  poured 
off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  phosphate 


FERRI   PILA 


386 


FERRUM 


of  iron  witli  wiiter,  and  dry  it  with  a  gentle  heat. 
— Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  5  to  10  grains  as  a  chaly- 
beate.    Rarely  used. 

Ferrt  Pila,  F.  limatura — f.  et  Potassse  tartras, 
Ferrum  tartarizatum — f.  Potassio-citras,  see  Ferri. 
ammonio-citras — f.  Potassio-tartras,  Ferrum  tar- 
tarizatum. 

Ferri  Protocar'bonas,  Profocar'bonate  of 
Iron,  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Fer.  The  protocarbo- 
nate  of  iron,  thrown  down  from  a  solution  of  the 
sulphate  of  iron  by  the  carbonate  of  soda,  readily 
attracts  oxygen  and  becomes  converted  into  the 
sesquioxide.  To  prevent  this,  it  may  be  asso- 
ciated with  honey  and  sugar,  and  the  mixture  be 
reduced  by  evaporation  to  a  pilular  consistence. 
The  mass  constitutes  the  Ferru'(]inouB  Pills,  Pi- 
lules ferriic/iiievses,  of  Vallet,  Vallefs  Pills.  See 
Pilulse  Ferri  Carbonatis.  The  Edinburgh  Phar- 
macopoeia contains  the  Ferri  Car'honas  Saccha- 
ra'tum,  Ferri  Car'honas  cum  Sac'charo,  Sac'cha- 
rtne  Car'bonate  of  Iron,  prepared  in  this  manner. 
It  is  the  Ferrum  Carbon'icum  Saccharatum  of 
Klauer. 

The  protocarbonate  is  given  in  the  same  dis- 
eases as  the  lactate  of  iron  ;  ten  or  fifteen  grains 
in  the  course  of  the  twentj'-four  hours. 

Ferri  Protosulphas  Viridis,  F.  Sulphas — f. 
Prussias,  Prussian  blue. 

Ferri  Pulvis,  Fer  redidt,  F.  reduit  par  I'hy- 
drogene,  Ferrum  metal' licttm,  Powder  of  iron, 
Medu'ced  Iron,  Quevcnne's  Iron,  prepared  by  pass- 
ing a  stream  of  hydrogen  gan  over  the  sesquioxide 
of  iron,  contained  in  an  iron  or  porcelain  tube 
heated  to  low  redness.  It  is  very  liable  to  be- 
come oxidated,  and  must  be  kept  in  a  dry,  well- 
stopped  bottle.  It  has  been  prescribed  in  anae- 
mic, and  especially  in  chlorotic  cases.  The  ordi- 
nary dose  is  three  to  six  grains,  or  more,  three 
times  a  day,  in  pill  made  with  sugar  and  gum. 
A  formula  for  its  preparation  is  given  in  the  last 
edition  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States 
(1851). 

Ferri  et  Qdi'ni^  Citras,  Ferrum  et  Chini'nnm 
cit'ricum,  Citrate  of  Iron  and  Qui'nia,  formed  by 
the  union  of  four  parts  of  citrate  of  iron  and  one 
part  of  citrate  of  quinia,  has  been  prescribed  in 
cases  where  a  combination  of  these  tonics  is  indi- 
cated. 

Ferri  Ramenta,  F.  limatura  —  f.  Rubigo,  F. 
Subcarbonas  —  f.  Scobs,  F.  limatura  —  f.  Sesqui- 
chloridum,  Ferri  chloridum — f.  Sesquioxidum,  F. 
subcarbonas  preecipitatus. 

Ferri  Sesquinitratis,  Liquor,  see  Tinetura 
Ferri  muriatis — f.  Sodio-tartras,  see  Ferri  et  am- 
monio-citras. 

Ferri  Subcar'bonas,  F.  Car'honas,  F.  Ruhi'go, 
Ferrum  prmcipita'tum,  Chal'ybis  Ruhi'go  prcepa- 
ra'ta.  (The  last  two  terms,  as  well  as  Ferru'go, 
are  applied  to  the  subcarbonate  or  rust,  ^Em'go 
Ferri,  Cacaferri,  formed  by  the  action  of  moist 
air  on  metallic  iron.)  A  protoxide  of  iron,  oxi- 
dized by  the  decomposition  of  water;  the  carbonic 
acid  being  attracted  from  the  air.  Dose,  gr.  v  to 
^ss  and  more. 

Ferri  Subcarbonas  may  be  precipitated  from 
sulphate  of  iron  by  carbonate  of  soda.  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  formula  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States  :  — i^erri  sulph.  '^■viiy,  soda  carh. 
§ix;  aqua  bullient.  cong.  Dissolve  the  sulphate 
of  iron  and  carbonate  of  soda  severally  in  four 
pints  of  the  water,  then  mix  the  solutions,  and, 
having  stirred  the  mixture,  set  it  by  that  the 
powder  may  subside :.  having  poured  off  the 
liquor,  wash  the  subcarbonate  with  hot  water, 
wrap  it  in  bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat.  It  is,  also,  called  Ferri  sesquiox'idum, 
Ox'idum  ferri  fuseurn,  0.  ferri  ruhrum,  Deuto- 
car'bouas  Ferri  fuscus,   Crocus  martis  ape'riens, 


Sesquioxide  or  peroxide  of  iron,  (F.)  Peroxide  de 
fer,  Safran  de  Mars  aperitif. 

Ferri  Sdlphas,  Sal  Martis,  Vitrio'lum  Martia 
seu  Ferri,  Ferrum  Vitriola'tum,  Sulphas  sen  Pro- 
tosulphas Ferri  vir'idis,  Calcad'inum,  Cal'catar, 
Cal'cotar,  Chalcan'thum,  Calcite'a,  Atramen'tum 
sato'rium,  Vit'riol,  Vitrio'lum  viride,  An'ima 
Hep'atis,  Sulphate  of  Iron,  Green  Vitriol,  Cop- 
peras, (F. )  Sulfate  defer.  The  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States  directs  it  to  be  made  by  the 
action  o{ sulphuric  acid  ^xviij,  on  iron  wire,  cut 
in  pieces,  ^'^'J — water,  a  gallon —  evaporating, 
crj'stallizing,  and  drying  the  crystals  on  bibulous 
paper.  This  salt  is  inodorous,  and  of  a  strong 
stj'ptic  taste.  The  crystals  are  light  green,  trans- 
parent, rhomboidal;  and  soluble  in  two  parts  of 
water.  It  is  tonic  and  anthelmintic.  Dose,  gr. 
j.  to  vj  and  more. 

Ferri  Splphas  Calcinatum,  Colcothar. 

Ferri  Sulphas  Exsicca'tum,  Ferri  Sulphas 
sicca'tum,  of  the  Pharmacopceias,  is  Sulphate  of 
Iron  exposed  to  a  moderate  heat,  until  it  is  capa- 
ble of  being  reduced  to  powder.  In  this  form  it 
can  be  made  into  pills.  Three  grains  may  be 
esteemed  equivalent  to  five  of  the  crystallized 
salt. 

Ferri  Sulphure'tum,  Sul'pihuret  of  Iron,  Iro-n 
pyri'tes,  (F.)  Sulfure  defer;  maybe  made  by 
heating  one  part  of  sublimed  sulphur,  over  three 
parts  of  iron  filings  in  a  crucible  until  the  mass 
begins  to  glow.  It  is  employed  as  a  ready  means 
for  obtaining  hydrosulphuric  acid  gas  by  the  ad- 
dition of  sulphuric  or  chlorohydric  acid. 

Ferri  Tanxas,  Ferrum  tan'nicum,  Tannate  of 
Iron,  (F.)  Tannate  de  fer.  This  salt  is  usually 
obtained  by  adding  a  solution  of  a  salt  of  sesqui- 
oxide of  iron,  as  the  persulphate,  to  a  decoction 
of  nut-gnlls.  It  is  possessed  of  tonic  and  astrin- 
gent properties,  and  has  been  extolled,  especially 
in  chlorosis. 

Ferri  Tartarum,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — f. 
Tritoxydum,  Colcothar. 

Ferri  Valeria'nas,  Ferrum  Valeria' nicnm, 
Vale'rianate  of  Iron,  (F.)  Valerianate  de  fer. 
Formed  by  the  action  ot  valerianic  acid  on  oxide 
of  iron.  It  is  a  dark  brick-red  powder,  insoluble 
in  water,  and  has  been  given  in  hysteria  compli- 
cating chlorosis.  Dose,  from  two  to  four  grains. 
The  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia  of  1850  has  a  formula 
for  this  salt. 

FERRICUS  HYDRAS,  Ferrum  oxydum  hy- 
dratum. 

F  E  R  R  0-MAN'G  ANIC,  Ferro-mangan'icus. 
Composed  of  iron  and  manganese — as  a  "ferro- 
manganic  preparation." 

FERRUGINEOUS,  Chalybeate.  ' 

FERRUGINOUS,  Chalybeate. 

FERRUGO,  Ferri  subcarbonas,  Ferrum  oxy 
datum  hydratum. 

FERRUM,  Mars,  Slde'ros,  Metal'lum  hamato- 
poet'icum.  Iron,  (F.)  Fer.  A  metal  of  a  bluish- 
gray  colour;  fibrous  texture;  brilliant  and  fine- 
grained fracture.  Specific  gravity  7"600  to  7*800; 
hard,  ductile,  malleable,  and  magnetic.  The  me- 
dicinal virtues  of  iron  are  tonic;  producing  fetid 
eructations,  when  it  takes  effect,  owing  to  its 
meeting  with  acid  in  the  stomach,  which  oxidizes 
it,  and  causes  the  evolution  of  hydrogen  gas. 
When  given  in  the  metallic  state,  the  filings  are 
chiefly  used ;  but  the  oxides  and  salts  are  most 
commonly  employed. 

Ferrusi  Ammoniacale,  F.  ammoniatum  —  f. 
Ammoniaco-citricum,  Ferri  ammonio-citras. 

Ferrum  Asimonia'tum,  F.  ammoniaca'le,  Mu'- 
rias  Ammo'nicB  et  Fern',  Ferri  ammo'nio-chlo'ri- 
dnm,  Flores  martia'les  seu  salis  ammoni'aci  mar- 
tia'les,  Ens  martis  sen  Ven'eria  Boy'lei,  Sal 
martis  muriat'icum  sublima'tum,  S.  ammoni' acum 
martia'le,    Ammo'nium    muriat'icum    martia'tum 


FERRUM 


387 


FEVER 


BOU  martia'le,  Ammoni'acum  hydrochlora'tum  fer- 
ra'tum,  Aroph  Paracel'ei,  Calen'dulce  minera'les, 
Ammo' mated  Iron,  Ammo' iiio-chloride  of  Iron, 
(F.)  llariate  d'ammoniaque  et  defer.  A  mixture 
of  the  hydro-clilorates  of  ammonia  and  iron.  [?] 
{Ferri  Subcarb.  ,^iij  ;  acid  mnrint.  f,5x;  ammon. 
muriat.  Ibijss  ;  aq.  destillat.  Oiv.  Mix  the  sub- 
carbonate  with  tlie  aeid  in  a  glass  vessel  and 
digest  for  two  hours ;  then  add  the  muriate  pre- 
viously dissolved  in  distilled  water,  and  having 
filtered  the  liquor,  evaporate  to  dryness.  Rub  to 
powder. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gr.  iij.  to  gr.  xv. 

Ferrum  Arseniatum,  Arseniate  of  iron — f. 
Arsenicicum  oxydulatum,  Arseniate  of  iron — f. 
Borussicum,  Prussian  blue  —  f.  Bromatum,  see 
Bromine — f.  Carbonicum  Sacoharatum,  Ferri 
protocarbonas  —  f.  et  Chininum  citricum,  Ferri 
citras  —  f.  Citricum,  Ferri  eitras  —  f.  Cyanogena- 
tum,  Prussian  blue — f.  IlEematites,  Haematites — 
f.  Hydriodatum,  see  Ferri  iodidum — f.  Hydro- 
bromicum  oxydatum,  see  Bromine — f.  Lacticum, 
see  Ferri  lactas — f  Magnes  attractorium,  Magnet 
— f.  Metallicum,  Ferri  pulvis. 

Ferrdm  Oxyda'tum  HYDRA'TUjr,  Ferri  O.ri- 
dam  Hydra'tum  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Perox'ydum  Hy- 
dra'turn,  Ferru'go,  Hydras  Fer'ricus,  Hydro-oxide 
of  Iron,  Hydra'ted  peroxide  of  Iron,  Hydrated 
Tritoxide  of  Iron.  It  may  be  prepared  by  taking 
a  solution  of  sulphate  of  iron,  increasing  its  dose 
of  oxygen  by  heating  it  with  nitric  acid,  and  pre- 
cipitating the  oxide  by  adding  pure  ammonia  in 
excess,  washing  the  precipitate,  and  keeping  it 
moist. 

The  following  is  the  formula  adopted  by  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States:  Ferri  Sulph. 
^iv ;  acid,  anlphuric.  f^iiiss;  acid,  nitric,  f  ^vi, 
vel  q.  s.,  Liq  ammonia',  q.  s.,  aqucB  Oij.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  of  iron  in  the  water,  and  having 
added  the  sulphuric  acid  boil  the  solution  :  then 
add  the  nitric  acid  in  small  portions,  boiling  the 
liquid  for  a  minute  or  two  after  each  addition, 
until  the  acid  ceases  to  produce  a  dark  colour. 
Filter  the  liquid,  allow  it  to  cool,  and  add  the 
liquor  ammonise  in  excess,  stirring  the  mixture 
briskly;  wash  the  precipitate  with  water,  until 
the  washings  cease  to  yield  a  precipitate  with 
chloride  of  barium,  and  keep  it  close  in  bottles 
with  water  sufficient  to  cover  it. 

It  has  been  brought  forward  as  an  antidote  to 
arsenic  ;  and  many  cases  of  its  efficacy  have  been 
published. 

From  10  to  20  parts  of  the  hydrated  oxide 
■would  seem  to  be  more  than  sufficient  to  convert 
1  part  of  arsenious  acid  into  the  basic  salt  of  iron. 

Fbrrum  OxYDULATDsr  Hydrogyaxicum.  Prus- 
sian blue — f.  Potabile,  F.  tartarizatum — f.  Prseci- 
pitatum,  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

Ferrum  Tannicusj,  Ferri  tannas. 

Ferrum  Tartariza'tum,  Tartras  Pofas'sce  et 
Ferri,  Tar'farum  Ferri,  Ferri  et  Potaascp,  Tartras, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Tar'tarus  chalybea'tus  seu  martia'lis. 
Mars  solu'bilis,  Ghalybs  tartariza'tus,  Ferri  po- 
tass'io-tartras,  Tartras  kal'ico-fer'ricns  seu  Po- 
tas'scB  ferrngino'sus,  Ferrum  potab'ile,  Globus 
martia'lis,  Gloh'uli  Tar'tari  martia'les  seu  mar- 
tia'les  sohi'ti  seu  martia'ti  seu  tartra'tis  ferri  et 
lixiv'ice,  Bali  Martis,  Pyri  martia'les,  Tartarized 
Iron,  Tartrate  of  Potassa  and  Iron,  (F.)  Tartrate 
de  potasse  et  defer,  Boide  de  Mars  ou  de  Nancy 
ou  de  Mohheim  ou  d'Acier.  (Ferri  subcarb.  ,^iij, 
Acid,  muriat.  f,^x/  Liquor  Potasses,  Ovss ; 
Potass.  Bitart.  _^vijss,  Aquae  destillat.  cong.  iss. 
Mix  the  subcarbonate  of  iron  and  the  muriatic 
acid,  and  digest  for  two  hours;  pour  the  solution 
into  a  gallon  of  the  distilled  water;  set  aside  for 
an  hour,  and  pour  off  the  supernatant  liquor. 
To  this  add  the  liquor  potassae ;  wash  the  precipi- 
tate formed  frequently  with  water,  and  while  yet 
moist,  mix  it  with,  the  bitartrate  of  potassa  and 


half  a  gallon  of  the  distilled  water.  Keep  the 
mixture  at  the  temperature  of  140'^  for  30  hours, 
frequently  stirring;  filter  the  solution,  and  evapo- 
rate by  means  of  a  water  bath,  at  the  same  tem- 
perature, to  dryness. — (Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  one  of 
the  mildest  of  the  salts  of  iron,  and  not  unpala- 
table.    Dose,  gr.  x.  to  3^ss. 

The  Tinetu'ra  Martis  Aperiti'va,  Tincture  of 
Ludwig  ;  Al'cohol  cum  Sulpha'te  Ferri  tariarisa'- 
tus ;  Tinetura  Martis  Glauberi  is,  essentially,  a 
solution  of  this  salt.  It  is  also  called  Eau  de 
Boule,  and  is  used  in  contusions. 

Ilelvetius's  Styptic  was  composed  of  the  filings 
of  iron,  and  tartar,  mixed  to  a  proper  consistence 
with  French  brandy.  It  was  called  in  England 
Eaton's  Styptic;  but  this  is  now  formed  of  Std- 
phate  of  Iron. 

Ferrum  Valerianicum,  Ferri  valerianas  —  f. 
Vitriolatum,  Ferri  sulphas — f.  Vitriolatum  ustum, 
Colcothar — f.  Zootioum,  Prussian  blue. 

FERSJE.  Rubeola. 

FERTILITY,  Fecundity. 

FER'ULA,i^aHMi,  Palette,  Splint— f.  Afrieana, 
Bubon  galbanum — f.  Asafoetida,  see  Asafoetida — 
f.  Graveolens,  Anethum  graveolens  —  f.  Opopo- 
nax,  Pastinaca  opoponax  —  f.  Persiea,  see  Saga- 
penum — f.  Tingitana,  see  Ammoniac,  gum. 

FERUS,  Homicidal. 

FESISIAN,  Physician. 

FESSES,  Nates. 

FESSIER,  Gluteal—/.  Grand,  Glutasus  maxi- 
mus — /.  Moijen,  Gluteus  medius — f.  Petit,  Glu- 
tasus  minimus. 

FESTER.  A  word  of  unknown  etymology, 
which  signifies  to  corrupt  or  rankle;  and,  when 
applied  to  a  sore,  means  to  suppurate,  or  rather 
to  discharge  a  thin  fluid  as  an  evidence  of  its 
being  irritated. 

FETID,  Fce'tidus,  Byso'des,  Caco'des,  Bromo'- 
sus,  Grav'eolens.     Having  a  bad  smell. 

FETUS,  Foetus,  Pregnant. 

FEU  ACTUEL,  Cauterium— /.  Persigue,  Her- 
pes zoster,  see  Anthrax — •/.  Potential,  see  Caute- 
rium— f.  Sucre,  Erysipelas^".  St.  Antoine,  Ery- 
sipelas—/. Sauvage,  Ignis  sylvaticus— /.  Volage, 
Ignis  sylvaticus. 

FEUILLET,  Omasum;  see  Tache  embryon- 
naire. 

FEUX  DE  LENTS,  Strophulus—/.  Volages, 
Porrigo  larvalis. 

FEVE,  Vicia  faba— /.  de  Carthagene,  Habilla 
de  Carthagena — /.  d  Oochon,  Hyoscyamus — /• 
Epaisse,  Sedum  telephium — /.  des  3Iarais,  Vicia 
faba — /.  de  Sainte  Ignace,  Ignatia  amara — /. 
Purgatif,  Ricinus  communis. 

FEVER,  Febris,  from  feritas,  '  wildness,'  or 
from  fervor,  'heat,'  or  from  februo,  '1  purify:' 
Pyr,  Pyr'etos,  nvperog,  (F.)  Fievre.  One  of  the 
most  frequent  and  dangerous  affections  to  which 
the  body  is  liable.  A  person  has  an- attack  of 
fever,  when  he  is  affected  with  rigors,  followed  by 
increased  heat  of  skin,  quick  pulse,  languor,  and 
lassitude.  Rigors,  increased  heat,  and  frequency 
of  pulse  have  each  been  assumed  as  the  essential 
character  of  fever.  It  is  not  characterized,  how- 
ever, by  any  one,  but  depends  upon  the  coexist- 
ence of  many  symptoms.  Fevers  have  been  usu- 
ally divided  into  idiopathic  or  essential,  and  into 
symptomatic.  The  idiopathic  arise  without  any 
obvious  local  cause.  The  symptomatic  are  de- 
pendent upon  local  irritation.  Idiopathic  fevers 
maybe  divided  into  three  classes:  1.  Those  at 
tended  with  distinct  paroxysms:  —  intermittents. 
2.  Remittent  and  continued  fevers  :  and,  .3.  Fevers 
complicated  with  eruptions,  or  the  exanthema- 
tous.  These  divisions  admit  of  great  variety, 
owing  to  climate,  season,  soil,  age,  &o.  All  ages 
and  climates  are  liable  to  fever;  and  its  exciting 


FEVER 


388 


FEVER 


causes  are  very  numerous.  These  causes  may  be 
common;  as  irritations  in  the  intestines;  external 
injuries,  stimulants,  &c. ;  or  they  may  be  specific  ; 
as  miasmata.,  contagion,  &o.  The  greatest  diver- 
sity has  prevailed  regarding  the  theory  of  fever. 
Its  primary  seat  has  been  placed  in  the  brain, 
mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach  and  intestines, 
skin,  nerves,  blood-vessels,  liver,  vena  cava,  pan- 
creas, &c.  It  would  seem,  however,  that  al- 
though, in  fever,  the  whole  of  the  functions  are 
morbidly  impressed,  the  arguments  in  favour  of 
the  impression  being  first  made  on  the  nervous 
system  and  the  system  of  nutrition  are  the 
strongest.  The  exciting  cause  of  fever,  whatever 
it  may  be,  produces  an  irregular  action  in  the 
system  of  nutrition,  which  is  soon  conveyed  to  the 
rest  of  the  system,  owing  to  the  extensive  sym- 
pathy which  exists  between  every  part  of  the 
body  ;  and  it  is  probable,  that  all  those  local  in- 
flammations and  congestions  are  the  consequence, 
rather  than  the  cause,  of  this  disordered  condi- 
tion of  the  system.  The  general  character  of 
fever  is  clearly  shown  by  examination  of  the 
blood.  When  fever  is  devoid  of  inflammatory 
complication,  the  quantity  of  fibrin  is  in  no  case 
augmented.  It  frequently  remains  in  the  healthy 
proportion,  and  at  times  diminishes  to  an  extent 
not  met  with  in  any  other  acute  disease.  The 
alteration  of  the  blood  in  fevers,  which  consists 
generally  in  a  diminution  of  the  fibrinous  element, 
is  the  reverse  of  what  occurs  in  inflammation. 

Many  phenomena  of  fever  are  influenced  by 
that  j>c?-?of/!'c(V?/,  which  we  notice  in  the  execution 
of  several  of  the  functions  of  the  body.  The 
types  of  intermittents  are  strong  evidences  of 
such  an  influence. 

In  the  treatment  of  fever,  it  is  important  to  bear 
in  mind,  1.  Its  tendency,  particularly  in  the  case 
of  the  exanthemata,  to  run  a  definite  course,  and 
terminate  in  restoration  to  health.  2.  The  dispo- 
sition to  local  determination  or  hyperaemiae  :  — 
the  most  frequent  cause  of  the  fatal  termination 
of  fever;  a  circumstance  requiring  the  vigilant 
attention  of  the  physician.  ,3.  That  the  symp- 
toms must  be  attentively  studied,  in  order  to  de- 
duce, as  far  as  possible  from  them,  the  indications 
of  cure.  Lastly,  attention  must  be  paid  to  the 
prevalent  epidemic.  There  are  particular  seasons 
in  which  fevers  are  very  malignant ;  and  others 
in  which  they  are  as  mild;  circumstances  which 
necessarily  have  an  effect  upon  the  treatment. 

Fever  and  Ague,  Intermittent  Fever  —  f.  Ac- 
climating, F.  strangers.' 

Fever,  Ade'no-Menixge'al,  Fehri^  ade'no- 
meninge'a,  seu  mesenfer'ica  (Baglivi,)  seu  muco'sa, 
jlTorbns  muco'sus,  Gastro-d>iodenop'i/ra,  Ifucom- 
or  Pitu'itoua  or  Catar'rhal  Fev-er,  Phlegmap'7/rci, 
Phlegmop'yra,  Phlegmatop'ijra,  Gastro- Bronchi' - 
tis.  Fever,  accompanied  with  considerable  mu- 
cous secretion;  especially  from  the  digestive 
tube. 

Feter,  Adeno-Nervotjs,  Plague. 

Fever,  Adynam'ic,  Febris  arh/nam'icn,  Asthe- 
nicop'yra,  Asthenieopi/r'etiis,  Asthenop'ora,  Astke- 
nopiyr'etuB.  Fever  attended  with  great  prostra- 
tion of  the  vital  powers — as  Typhoid  and  Typhus 
fever. 

Fever,  Ap'rican,  Fehria  Africa' na.  The  ma- 
lignant bilious  remittent  fever,  which  prevails  on 
the  western  coast  of  Africa, 

Fever,  Algid,  see  Algidus. 

Fever,  Anom'alous,  Febris  Anom'ala  seu  er- 
rat'ica  seu  irregnla'ris  seu  vagi_i.  A  fever,  whose 
progress  and  type  are  irregular. 

Fever,  Aphon'ic,  Febris  apho'nica.  A  variety 
of  intermittent,  in  which  the  %-oice  is  lost  during 
the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Apoplec'tic,  Febris  apoplec'tica  seu 
'Mtnato'des  seu  lethar'gica  seu  soporo'sa,  Com'a- 


fose  Fever.  An  intermittent  or  continued  fever> 
attended  with  apoplectic  symptoms. 

Fever,  Articular  Eruptive,  Dengue — f.  Ar- 
ticular rheumatic.  Dengue. 

Fever,  Artific"ial,  Febris  artificia'Us  seu 
arte  pronio'ta.  Fever  produced  designedly  by 
the  internal  or  external  use  of  stimulants. 

Fever,  Asthen'ic,  Febris  asthen'ica.  Fever 
accompanied  with  debility.  It  may  include  every 
variety  of  fever  under  certain  circumstances,  but 
is  generally  appropriated  to  typhus. 

Fever,  Asthmat'ic,  Febris  asthmat'icn.  A 
pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with  symp- 
toms of  asthma. 

Fever,  Ataxo-ADYNAm'ic,  Febris  atax'o-ady- 
nam'ica.  Fever  characterized  by  symptoms  of 
ataxia  and  adynamia. 

Fever,  Barcelona,  Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Bas- 
tard, Illegitimate  fever. 

Fever,  Btl'ious,  Febris  bilio'sa  seu  polychoV- 
iea  seu  aso'des  seu  choler'ica  seu  gas'trica  seu 
hepat'ica  seu  cholepyret'iea,  Cholep'yra,  Cho- 
lepyr'etns,  Hepatogastrocholo'sis,  Enterop'yra 
bilio'sa,  Choloze' mia  febri'lis,  Syn'ochtw  bilio'sa. 
The  common  remittent  fever  of  summer  and 
autumn  ;  generally  supposed  to  be  owing  to,  or 
connected  with,  derangement  of  the  biliary  system. 

Fever,  Bilious  Remitting,  Yellow,  Fever, 
yellow — f.  Bladdery,  Pemphigus. 

Fever  Blister.  A  term,  vaguely  applied  to 
vesicular  or  pustular  eruptions,  which  appear 
particularly  about  the  mouth,  during  or  after 
febrile  disturbance. 

Fever,  Boa  Vista.  A  malignant  bilious  re- 
mittent fever,  greatly  resembling  yellow  fever, 
which  was  very  fatal  at  Fernando  Po,  and  in 
ships  in  its  waters,  in  the  year  1845. 

Fever,  Bona.  A  malignant  paludal  fever, 
which  prevailed  amongst  the  troops  of  the  garri- 
son at  Bona  in  Algeria,  from  1832  to  1835. 

Fever,  Bone,  see  Inflammation — f.  Bouquet, 
Dengue  —  f.  Brain,  F.  cerebral,  Phrenitis  —  f. 
Brain,  water.  Hydrocephalus  internus — f.  Break- 
bone,  Dengue  —  f.  Bucket,  Dengue  —  f.  Bulam, 
Fever,  yellow — f.  Camp,  Typhus  gravior. 

Fever,  Cardial'gic,  Febris  Oardial'gica.  A 
variety  of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied 
with  violent  cardialgia  during  the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Cardit'ic.  Intermittent  fever,  accom- 
panied with  pain  at  the  heart. 

Fever,  Ca.tarrhal,  F.  adeno-meningeal. 

Fever,  Cephalal'gic,  Febris  cephalal'gicn, 
A  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with  in- 
tense pain  of  the  head.  Also,  intermittent  ce- 
phalalgia. 

Fever,  Cephal'ic,  Febris  cephal'ica.  A  fe- 
brile affection  of  children  —  intermediate  between 
the  acute  form  of  active  cerebral  congestion  and 
the  chronic  form  — •  which  is  attended  by  fever, 
pain  in  the  head,  disorder,  or  more  generally 
constipation  of  the  bowels,  and  a  train  of  pheno- 
mena often  supposed  to  be  premonitory  of  an  at- 
tack of  hydrocephalus. — Mauthner. 

Fever,  Cer'ebral,  Brain  fever.  Fever,  gene- 
rally of  an  ataxic  character,  in  which  the  brain  is 
considerably  affected. 

Fever,  Chagres,  Panama'  Fever.  A  severe 
form  of  endemic  fever,  common  on  the  isthmus 
of  Panama. 

Fever,  Childbed,  Fever,  puerperal.  Puerperal 
Fever — f.  Childbed,  Low,  see  Peritonitis. 

Fever,  Chol'eric,  Febris  choler'ica,  A  va- 
riety of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with 
symptoms  of  cholera  morbus. 

Fever,  Choleric,  of  Infants,  Cholera  in- 
fantum. 

Fever,  Chronic,  Febris  chron'ica.  Some  au- 
thors apply  this  name  to  protracted  fevers ;  others 
to  hectic  fever. 


FEVER 


389 


FEVER 


Fever,  Colliq'uative,  Fehris  tab' Ida  sen  colU- 
quaii'va.  Fever,  characterized  by  rapid  ema- 
ciation, copious  evacuations,  and  rapid  prostra- 
tion of  strength. 

Fever,  Comatose,  F.  apoplectic. 

Fever,  Coxges'tive,  Fehris  concjesti'va.  Fe- 
ver accompanied  by  obscure  symptoms ;  or  by 
great  oppression  and  depression ;  in  -which  it  is 
difficult  —  and  often  impossible  —  to  induce  reac- 
tion. Congestive  fevers  occurs  in  various  parts 
of  this  country,  especially  in  the  fall;  and  they 
are  very  common  in  India.  The  term  congestive 
fever  is  often  used  in  some  parts  of  the  south  of 
the  United  States  very  indefinitely  —  to  include 
winter  typhus,  and  typhoid  fevers,  typhoid  pneu- 
monia, as  well  as  intermittents  and  autumnal  re- 
mittents.— Dickson. 

Fever,  Continent,  see  Continent  and  Con- 
tinued fever— »-f.  Continual,  see  Continued  fever 
—  f.  Continued,  common,  Synochus. 

Fever,  Convul'sive,  Febri-s  convuhi'va.  A 
pernicious  intermittent  or  remittent,  accompanied 
by  convulsions. 

Fever,  CouNTRy.  Fever  occasioned  by  ex- 
posure to  the  miasms  of  a  highly  malarious  soil. 
A  term  much  used  in  the  Southern  States. 

Fever,  Delir'ious,  Fehris  cum  delir'io,  (F.) 
Fievre  de.liranle.  A  pernicious  intermittent,  cha- 
racterized by  delirium  in  the  paroxysms. 

Fever,  Dep'uratort,  Fehris  dejnu-ato' ria. 
A  fever,  to  which  was  attributed  the  property  of 
purif^'ing  the  blood:  or  which  indicated,  that 
such  a  supposed  depuration  had  occurred. 

Fever,  Diaphoret'ic,  Fehris  diaphoret'ica, 
Fehris  sudnto'ria.  A  pernicious  intermittent, 
with  excessive  sweating  during  the  fit. 

Fever,  DfARV,  Ephemera. 

Fever,  Diges'tive.  The  chilliness,  followed 
by  increased  heat  and  quickness  of  pulse,  which 
frequently  accompanies  digestion. 

Fever,  Dol'BLE,  (F.)  Fievre  double  ou  douhlee. 
An  intermittent,  which  has  two  paroxysms  in  a 
given  time,  instead  of  one. 

Fever,  Double-Quartan.  A  fever,  whose 
paroxysms  occur  two  days  in  succession,  and  fail 
the  third  day;  the  first  paroxysm  resembling  the 
4th,  and  the  second  the  oth. 

Fever,  Double-Quotidian.  An  intermittent, 
whose  paroxysms  return  twice  every  day  at  cor- 
responding hours. 

Fever,  Double-Tertian.  An  intermittent, 
whose  paroxysms  return  every  day ;  the  first 
corresponding  with  the  3d,  the  second  with  the 
4th,  and  so  on. 

Fever,  Duodec"i5IAne,  Fehris  duodecima'na. 
A  supposititious  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms 
recur  on  the  12th  day,  or  every  11  days. 

Fever.  DrNA^nc,  Synocha  —  f.  Endemial,  Re- 
mittent F.  —  f.  Endemic,  Remittent  F. — f.  En- 
demical,  R,emittentF. — f.  Enteric,  see  Typhus — 
f.  Ephemeral,  Ephemera. 

Fever,  Epilep'tic,  Fehris  epileji'tica.  A  va- 
riety of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied 
with  attacks  of  epilepsy. 

Fever,  Erot'ic,  Fehris  erot'ica,  (F.)  Fievre 
d'amoiir.  A  chronic  fever,  occasioned  by  unpro- 
pitious  love. 

Fever,  Errat'ic,  see  Erratic  —  f.  Eruptive, 
Exanthematica  —  f.  Eruptive,  articular.  Dengue 
— f.  Exacerbating,  Ptemittent  Fever. 

Fkver.  Fainting,  of  Persia.  A  singular  and 
fatal  epidemic,  presenting  some  points  of  analogy 
with  cholera,  which  prevailed  at  Teheran  in  the 
autumn  of  1S42. 

Fever,  Five  Day,  see  Relapse. 

Fever,  Gan'grenouS,  Fehris  gangrcBno'des. 
Fever,  accompanied  by  gangrene  of  various  parts, 
and  especially  of  the  limbs  and  genitals.  Senac 
describes  an  intermittent  of  this  kind. 


Fever,  Gastral'gic.  An  intermittent  accom- 
panied with  acute  burning  lacerating  pain  at  the 
stomach. 

Fevee,  Gastric,  Fehris  gas'trica  seu  gas'- 
trica  bilio'sa.  Gastrop'yra,  Gastropyr'etns,  Gas- 
trocholo'sis,  Hepntogastrocholo'sis,  Stomaeh'ic  fe- 
ver, Syn'ochus  Bilio'sa,  A  name  given  by  some 
to  bilious  fever,  which  has  appeared  to  them  to 
be  dependent  on  an  affection  of  the  stomach. 
Also,  called  Jifenin' go-gastric  fever,  Fehris  me- 
ningo-gns'trica,  Ileiiiiigo-gastri'tis,  Gastro-me- 
niiigi'tis.  Harvest  fever,  (F.)  Fievre  de  la  Mois- 
soii,  F.  2Ieningo-gastrique. 

Fever,  Gastro-Adyxa^i'ic,  Fehris  gastro- 
adynam'ica.  A  fever,  in  which  the  symptoms 
of  bilious  fever  are  joined  with  those  of  adynamic 
fever. 

Fever,  Gastro-Angioten'io.  A  fever,  in 
which  the  symptoms  of  bilious  are  united  with 
those  of  inflammatery  fever. 

Fever,  Gastro-Atax'ic.  A  fever,  in  which 
the  symptoms  of  bilious  fever  are  united  with 
those  of  ataxic  fever. 

Fever,  Gibraltar,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Harvest, 
F.  Gastric — f.  Hajmagastric,  F.  yellow. 

Fever,  H.5EJIOp'toic,  Fehris  Hmmopto'ica.  A 
variety  of  masked  intermittent,  in  which  periodi- 
cal hfemoptysis  is  the  chief  symptom. 

Fever,  Hay,  Catarr'hus  cesti'vus,  Summer  Ca- 
tarrh, Hay  Asthma,  Rose  Catarrh,  Summer  Bron- 
chi'tis.  A  catarrh  to  which  certain  persons  are 
subject  in  summer,  and  which  has  been  ascribed 
in  England  to  the  efiiuvium  of  hay,  but  this  is 
not  the  probable  cause.  It  is  a  catarrh  with 
sneezing,  headach,  weeping,  snufSing  and  cough, 
with,  at  times,  fever  and  general  discomfort.  It 
is  not  uncommon  in  this  country.  It  disappears 
spontaneously,  —  to  recur  on  subsequent  years 
about  the  same  period. 

Fever,  Hebdoji'adal.  A  supposititious  fever, 
whose  paroxysms  return  weekly,  and  on  the  same 
day. 

Fever,  Hectic,  see  Consumption,  and  Hectic 
Fever. 

Fever,  Hepat'ic  or  Hepatal'gic.  A  perni- 
cious intermittent,  with  violent  pain  in  the  right 
hypochondrium. 

Fever,  Hill.  A  modification  of  remittent, 
occurring  in  the  hin3"  districts  of  India. 

Fever,  Hospital,  Typhus  gravior. 

Fever,  Hu'moral,  Fehris  humora'lis.  Fever 
in  which  an  alteration  or  deterioration  of  the  hu- 
mours is  suspected. 

Fever,  Hun'gary,  Fehris  Hungar'ica  seu  Pan- 
non'ica.  Lues  Panuo'nicB,  Morbus  TJngar'ieus, 
Cephalon'osus,  Vermis  cer'ebri,  (F.)  Fievre  Hon- 
groise  ou  de  Hongrie.  An  epidemic  typhus,  com- 
mon amongst  the  soldiers  in  barracks,  in  Hungary. 

Fever.  Hydrophob'ic,  Febris  hydrophoh'ica. 
Pernicious  intermittent,  with  dread  of  liquids. 

Fever,  Hyster'ic,  Fehris  hyster'ica.  Hyste- 
ria, accompanied  by  fever.  Hysteria,  occurring 
with  each  paroyxsm  of  an  intermittent. 

Fever,  Icter'ic,  Fehris  icter'ica.  Fever,  ac- 
companied with  jaundice.  Some  intermittents 
exhibit  this  complication  at  each  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Icteric,  Rejiitting,  see  Relapse. 

Fever,  In'fantile  PlEmit'tent,  Fehris  iiifaii'- 
tum  remit' tens,  F.  vermino'sa,  (of  many),  F.  muco'- 
sa  vermino'sa,  F,  lenta,  Sp/nrious  worm  fever,  Be- 
mitting  fever  of  children,  Hec'tica  infant'ilis.  A 
fever  occurring  in  childhood,  which  often  assumes 
many  of  the  characters  of  hydrocephalus.  It  ap- 
pears generally  to  be  dependent  upon  a  morbid 
condition  of  the  stomach  and  bowels. 

Fever,  Inflajuiatory,  Synocha. 

Fever,  Insid'ious.  Fever,  which,  at  first, 
seems  devoid  of  danger,  but  subsequently  becomes 
of  a  more  or  less  malignant  character. 


FEVER 


390 


FEVER 


Fever,  Intermittent,  see  Intermittent  fever 
— f.  Jail,  Typhus  gravior  —  f.  Jungle,  see  Jungle 
fever. 

Fever,  Lake.  Fever  produced  by  exposure 
to  the  malaria  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
northern  lakes  of  this  country. 

Fever,  Lenticular,  Miliary  fever  —  f.  Irrita- 
tive, Irritation,  morbid. 

Fever,  Lo'chial,  Fehris  lochia'lis.  That  ac- 
celeration of  the  circulation  which  sometimes 
occurs  during  the  discharge  of  the  lochia. 

Fever,  Lung,  Catarrh,  Pneumonia. 

Fever,  Malis'nant,  Febris  malig'na.  Fever 
which  makes  its  approaches  insidiously,  and  sub- 
sequently becomes  formidable.  Any  fever  which 
exhibits  a  very  dangerous  aspect.  Tyjihiis  gra- 
vior. 

Fever,  Malig'nant  Pestilential,  Fever,  yel- 
low— f.  Marsh,  Elodes  (febris.) 

Fever,  Masked,  Fehris  larva'ta,  (F.)  Fiivre 
larvee,  Dead  or  Dumb  Ague.  An  anomalous  in- 
termittent, the  paroxysms  of  vphich  have  not  the 
regular  stages,  or  are  masked. 

Fever,  Meningo-gasthic,  Fever  gastric. 

Fever,  Mesenter'ic,  Febris  mesenter'ica.  A 
name  given,  by  Baglivi,  to  a  species  of  fever  which 
appears  to  have  belonged  either  to  the  mucous  or 
bilious. 

Fever,  Milk,  Febris  lac' tea,  (F.)  Fiivre  de 
lait  ou  laiteuse  ou  lactee ;  Galactop'yra,  Galac- 
topyr'etus.  The  fever  which  precedes  or  accom- 
panies the  secretion  of  milk  in  women  recently 
delivered.  It  comes  on  generally  about  the  third 
day  after  delivery,  and  is  characterized  by  quick 
pulse;  increased  heat;  redness  of  face;  diminu- 
tion or  temporary  suspension  of  the  lochial  dis- 
charge; tumefaction  and  tension  of  the  breasts. 
It  commonly  terminates  in  twenty-four  hours, 
and  often  with  profuse  perspiration.  It  requires 
the  use  of  antiphlogistics,  with  dry  diet. 

Fever,  Mixed,  Synochus — f.  Mucous,  F.  ade- 
no-meningeal. 

Fever,  Nephrit'ic,  Febris  nephrit'ica.  Inter- 
mittent fever,  accompanied  with  nephritic  pain 
during  the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Nervous,  Febris  nervo'sa  seu  neuro'- 
des  seu  lenta  nervo'sa,  Neurop'i/ra,  Neurnpyr'- 
etus.  A  variety  of  Typhus;  the  Typhus  mitior 
of  Cullen.  By  many,  however,  it  is  esteemed  a 
distinct  disease.     See  Typhoid  fever. 

Fever,  Nervous,  with  Exanthematous 
Eruption,  Typhus. 

Fever,  Neuralgic,  Dengue. 
Fever,  Niger.  A  malignant  fever,  of  the 
bilious  remittent  kind,  which  proved  fatal  to 
many  in  the  expeditions  sent  out  by  the  British 
government  to  explore  the  Niger,  in  the  years 
1841-42,  and  previously. 

Fever,  Non'ane,  Febris  nona'na.  A  supposi- 
titious fever,  whose  paroxysms  recur  every  ninth 
day,  or  every  eight  days. 

Fever,  Oc'tane,  Fehris  oeta'na.  An  intermit- 
tent, whose  paroxysms  recur  every  eighth  day. 

Fever,  Paeudal,  Intermittent  —  f.  Panama, 
Fever,  Chagres — f.  Paroxysmal,  Remittent  fever 
— f.  Periodic,  Intermittent. 

Fever,  Period'ical,  Febris  period' tea.  An 
intermittent  or  remittent  fever. 

Fever,  Pernic"ious,  Fehris  pernicio'sa.  In- 
termittent fever,  when  attended  with  great  dan- 
ger, and  vyhich  destroys  the  majority  of  those 
affected  by  it  in  the  first  four  or  five  paroyxsms ; 
sometimes  in  the  very  first. 

Fever,  Pestilen'tial,  Febris  pestilentia'lis. 
The  Plague.  Also  a  severe  case  of  typhus.  The 
yellow  fever  and  sweating  sickness  have,  like- 
wise, been  thus  designated. 

Fever,  Pestilential,  of  Cattle,  Murr  —  f. 
Pituitous,  F.  adeno-meningeal. 


Fever,  Pleurit'ic.  An  intermittent  or  re- 
mittent, accompanied  with  inflammation  of  the 
pleura. 

Fever,  Pneumon'ic,  Fehris  pneumon'ica.  An 
intermittent,  accompanied  with  inflammation  of 
the  lungs.     Also,  pneumonia. 

Fever  Poison,  see  Poison  —  f.  Pseudo,  Irrita- 
tion, morbid. 

Fever,  Vv'En'T>Y.UK'L,Fehrispuerpera'lis, Child- 
bed fever,  (F.)  Fievre  puerperale.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  several  acute  diseases,  su- 
pervening on  delivery.  It  means,  generally,  a 
malignant  variety  of  peritonitis,  which  runs  its 
course  very  rapidly,  and  passes  into  a  typhoid 
condition,  unless  met,  at  the  very  onset,  by  the 
most  active  depleting  measures.  By  the  gene- 
rality of  practitioners,  it  is  esteemed  to  be  emi- 
nently contagious;  some,  however,  deny  that  it 
is  so.     See  Peritonitis,  and  Puerparal  fever. 

Fever,  Puerperal  Adynamic  or  Malignant, 
see  Peritonitis — f.  Puking,  Milk  sickness. 

Fever,  Vv'RVh^fiT,  Febris  purulen'ta.     Fever, 
which  accompanies  suppuration. 
Fever,  Putrid,  T3'phus  gravior. 
Fever,  Quintan,  Febris  quintn'na.     A  fever, 
whose  paroxysms  return  every  fifth  day.     It  is 
seen  rarely,  or  never. 

Fever,  Quotidian,  see  Quotidian  —  f.  Red 
Tongue,  see  Typhus. 

Fever,  Reg'ular,  Febris  regula'ris  seu  ex- 
quisi'ta.  An  intermittent  whose  paroxysms  fol- 
low a  determinate  type.  It  is  opposed  to  atypic. 
Sometimes  opposed  to  anomalous. 
Fever,  Relapsing,  see  Relapse. 
Fever,  Remittent,  see  Remittent  Fever  —  f. 
Remittent,  Bilious,  see  Relapse — f.  Remittent,  in- 
fantile, see  Fever,  infantile  remittent — f.  Remit- 
tent of  children,  F.  infantile  remittent — f  Remit- 
ting icteric,  see  Relapse — f.  Rheumatic,  Rheuma- 
tism, acute — f.  Pioot,  Triosteum  perfoliatum. 

Fever,  Scorbu'tic,  Fehris  seorbu'tiea.  The 
febrile  movement,  which  sometimes  accompanies 
scorbutus  or  scurvy. 

Fever,  Seasoning,  F.,  strangers'. 
Fever,  Sec'ondarv.  Afebrile  condition  which 
recurs  in  certain  affections  after  having  ceased; 
such  as  the  secondary  fever,  which  comes  on  at 
the  time  of  the  maturation  of  the  variolous 
pustules,  or  as  the  eruption  of  scarlatina,  &e., 
disnppears. 

Fever,  Septan,  Fehris  septa'na.  An  inter- 
mittent, whose  paroxysms  recur  every  six  days, 
and  consequently  on  the  seventh. 
Fever,  Seven  Day,  see  Relapse. 
Fever,  Sextan,  Febris  sexta'na.  A  fever, 
which  recurs  every  live  days,  and  consequently 
on  the  sixth. 

Fever,  Ship,  see  Typhus. 

Fever,  Simple,  Fehris  Siniple.v.  Simple  fever 
is  that  which  has  no  predominant  character  — 
bilious,  inflammatory,  or  nervous;  and  which  is 
unaccompanied  by  any  local  determination,  hy- 
peraemia,  or  complication.  It  may  be  continued, 
remittent,  or  intermittent. 

Fever,  Simple  Continued.  This  is  the  most 
fevourable  form  of  continued  fever,  and  has  a 
tendency  to  wear  itself  out,  provided  only  the 
Icedentia  be  avoided.  The  prognosis  is  conse- 
quently favourable,  and  the  treatment  simple 
consisting  in  perfect  repose  of  body  and  mind, 
abstinence,  and  relieving  the  thirst  by  cold 
drinks. 

Fever,  Singul'tous,  Febris  singulto'sa  seu 
lygmo'dcs  seu  lyngo'des.  Fever,  accompanied 
with  singultus  or  hiccough. 

Fever,  Solar,  Dengue  —  f.  Spotted,  Typhus 
gravior. 

Fever,  Stek'coral,  Fehris  stereor a' lis.    Fever, 


FEVER 


391 


FIBRES,    CONVERGING 


produced  by  an  accumulation  of  fasces  in  tlie  in- 
testines. 

Fever,  Stomachic,  Gastric  Fever. 
Fever,  Strangers',  Accli'mnting  or  Sea' soning 
fever.     Yellow,  or  remittent  fever,  which  is  en- 
demic in  certain  places,  and  to  which  strangers 
are  especially  liable. 

Fever,  Sitbcontinhal,  Remittent  Fever. 

Fever,  Subix'trant,  Fehris  subiu' trans.  An 
intermittent,  in  which  one  paroxysm  is  scarcely 
finished  before  the  other  begins. 

Fever,  Sun,  Dengue — f.  Sweating,  Sudor  An- 
glicus. 

Fever,  Syn'copal,  Fehris  syncojirt'lis  seu  mi- 
nu'ta,  (F.)  Fievre  syncopnle.  A  variety  of  per- 
nicious intermittent,  in  which  there  is,  in  every 
paroxysm,  one  or  more  faintings. 

Fever,  Synochoid,  Synochus. 

Fever,  Syphilit'ic,  Fehris  syjyhilit'ica.  Fever, 
accompanying  syphilis,  or  supposed  to  be  owing 
to  a  syphilitic  taint. 

Fever,  Ter'tian,  Fehris  tertia'na.  A  fever, 
whose  paroxysm  returns  on  the  third  day,  and 
consequently  every  two  days. 

Fever,  Third  Day,  Tertian. 

Fever,  Trag"ic,  Fehris  Trag"ica.  A  low 
fever,  in  which  the  patient  declaims  like  an  actor 
during  the  delirium. 

Fever,  Tkaumat'ic,  Fehris  trainnat'ica.  The 
fever,  which  supervenes  on  wounds  or  great  sur- 
gical operations. 

Fever,  Trembling,  Intermittent  fever — f.  Ty- 
phoid, see  Typhus — f.  Typhoid,  of  India,  Cholera 
— f.  Typhous,  Typhus  —  f.  Varicellar,  see  Vario- 
loid— f.  Varioloid,  see  Varioloid. 

Fever,  Ver'minous,  Fehris  vermino'sa,  Hel- 
niintliop'yra,  Worm  fever.  Fever,  produced  by 
the  presence  of  worms  in  the  digestive  tube,  or 
accompanied  by  their  expulsion. 

Fever,  Vernal,  Fehris  verna'lis.  An  inter- 
mittent or  other  fever  occurring  in  the  spring. 
Vernal  intermittents  were  formerly  considered 
salubrious. 

"An  ague  in  the  sprin; 
Is  physic  for  a  king." 

Fever,  Vesicular,  Pemphigus. 

Fever,  Wal'cheren,  Gall-sickness.  The  re- 
mittents and  intermittents  to  which  the  British 
troops  were  exposed,  who  were  attached  to  the 
expedition  to  Walcheren,  in  1809. 

Fever,  Water  Brain,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus  —  f.  Winter,  see  Tongue,  black —f.  Worm, 
Verminous  F.  —  f.  Worm,  spurious.  Fever,  infan- 
tile remittent. 

Fever,  Yellow,  Fehris  flava,  F.  sou  Pestis 
America'na,  F.  flava  Americano' rum,  F.  trop'ica, 
F.  contin'ua  pn'trida  ictero'des  Carolinien'sis,  F. 
elo'des  ictero'des,  F.  malig'na  hilio'sa  Amer'iccB, 
F.  malig'na  flava  Indim  Occidenta'lis,  F.  tox'ica, 
Gholo'sis  America'na,  Ochroty'phus,  Loimocholo'- 
sis,  Pestilen'tia  hamagas'trica,  Pestis  occidenta'- 
lis seu  intertrop'ica,  Vom'itus  niger,  Fpan'etiis 
malig'nusflavus,  Remitt'ens  ictero'des, Tritaoph'ya  i 
America'na,  Typhus  ictero'des,  Oehro]}' yra,  Syn'-  ' 
ochns  ictero'des,  Ende'mial  Causus  of  the  West 
Indies,  Causus  trop'icus  endem'icus.  Bilious  re- 
mitting yellow  fever,  Malignant  pestiUnticd  fever, 
Figure  jaune  d'Amerique,  F,  matelote,  F.  gastro- 
adynamique,  F.  de  la  Barhade,  F.  de  Siam,  F. 
Jcterique,  F.  Gastrn-hepatique,  Typhus  miasnia- 
tique  ataxiqne  puiride  jaune,  T.  jaune,  T.  d'Anie- 
rique,  Vo?ni.to  prieto,  Vomito  -negro,  llal  de  Siam, 
Hmmagas' trie  Fever  or  Pes'tilence,  Black  vomit, 
Bulam,Gibral'tar  and  Barcelo' na  Fever, — vulg.,  in 
the  West  Indies,  JIfulot'to  Jack  and  Yellow  Jack. 
A  very  acute  and  dangerous  febrile  affection  ;  so 
called,  because  complicated,  in  its  second  stage, 
with  a  jaundiced  appearance,  accompanied  by 
vomiting  of  black  matter.    Sauvages,  Cullen,  and 


others  regard  it  as  a  variety  of  typhus ;  and  Pinel, 
as  a  species  of  gastro-adynamic,  or  bilious  putrid 
fever.  It  occurs,  endemically,  only  within  the  tro- 
pics ;  but  it  has  been  met  with  epidemically  in  the 
temperate  regions.  Broussais  regards  the  disease 
as  gastro-enteritis,  exasperated  by  atsiospheric 
heat;  so  that  it  runs  through  its  stages  with 
much  greater  rapidity  than  the  gastro-enteritis 
of  our  climates.  The  yellow  colour  of  the  skin, 
according  to  him,  is  owing  to  the  inflammation 
of  the  small  intestine, — and  especially  of  the  duo- 
denum,—  augmenting  the  secretion  of  the  liver, 
and  at  the  same  time  preventing  its  discharge 
into  the  duodenum.  The  pathology  of  this  affec- 
tion, as  well  as  its  origin,  is  still  unsettled.  The 
treatment  must  generally  be  of  the  most  active 
nature  at  the  onset;  consisting  in  bleeding  largely, 
and  exhibiting  mercury,  so  as  to  excite  a  new 
action,  if  possible  ;  — the  other  symptoms  being 
combated  according  to  general  principles.  It 
must  vary,  however,  according  to  the  epidemic. 

Fever,  Yellow,  Mild,  see  Relapse. 

FEVERBUSH,  Laurus  benzoin,  Prinos. 

FEVER  DROPS,  WARBURG'S,  see  Bebeeru. 

FEVERET,  Febricula. 

FEVERFEW,  Matricaria. 

FEVERFOUILLIE,  Matricaria. 

FE'VERISII,  Fe'verous,  Feb'riens,  Fehrico'sus, 
(F.)  Fievreux,  from  fehris,  'fever.'  That  which 
causes  fever  or  is  fehrifa'cient  or  febrif'ic ;  as 
feverish  food,  feverish  diathesis,  <fec.  Also,  the 
state  of  one  labouring  under  fever,  Feversick. 
If  affected  with  intermittent  fever,  he  is  said  to 
be  a'garified  in  Suffolk,  England. 

FE'VERISHNESS,  Fehricita'tio,  Fehriculos'- 
ity.  The  state  of  having  fever.  A  slight  febrile 
disorder. 

FEVEROUS,  Feverish. 

FEVERROOT,  Pterospara  andromedea. 

FEVERSICK,  see  Feverish. 

FEVERTREE,  Pinckneya  pubens. 

FEVERWOOD,  Laurus  benzoin. 

FEVERAVORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  Tri- 
osteum. 

FEWS,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

FEY,  Psychorages. 

FEYK.  Fidgets. 

FIBER,  Castor  fiber. 

FIBRA,  Fibre  — f.  Aurea,  Coptis  — f.  Nervea, 
Nerve-fibre — f.  Sanguinis,  Fibrin. 

FIBR^  ARCIFORMES,  see  Arciform. 

FIBRE,  Fihra,  Is,  Ctedon,  Filum.  An  organic 
filament,  of  a  solid  consistence,  and  more  or  less 
extensible,  which  enters  into  the  composition  of 
every  animal  and  vegetable  texture.  The  simj^jle 
or  elementary  fibre  of  the  ancients,  from  a  parti- 
cular assemblage  and  arrangement  of  which  every 
texture  of  the  body  was  conceived  to  be  consti- 
tuted, seems  entirely  ideal.  The  moderns  usuiilly 
admit,  with  Haller  and  Bhimenbach,  tliree  ele- 
mentary fibres  or  tissues.  1.  The  cellular  or  laiui- 
nated,  formed  chiefly  of  thin  plates,  of  a  whitish 
colour  and  extensible,  which  seems  to  consist  of 
concrete  gelatin.  2.  The  nervous,  pidpy,  or  med'- 
idlary,  formed  of  a  soft  substance,  contained  in 
a  cellular  sheath,  and  consisting  of  albumen 
united  to  a  fatty  matter.  .3.  The  muscular,  com- 
posed of  round  filaments,  of  a  grayish  or  reddish 
colour,  and  formed  of  fibrin.  Chaussierhas  added 
to  these  the  cdhvgineous  fibre,  but  it  seems  to 
differ  from  the  cellular  fibre  only  in  greater  con- 
densation of  the  molecules.     See  Fibrous. 

A  very  small  or  ultimate  fibre  is  called  a  Fibril, 
Fibril'la. 

Fibre,  Albugineous,  see  Albuginea. 

FIBRE  LISSE,  see  Muscular  fibre—/.  Striee, 
see  Muscular  fibre. 

FIBRES,  CONVERG"ING.  Nervous  fibres, 
whose  office  it  is  to  associate  different  portions 


FIBREUX 


392 


FICUS 


of  the  nervous   centres  with  each  other.     They 
form  the  Commissures. 

Fibres,  Divbrg"ing.  The  fibres  composing  the 
columns  of  the  medulla  oblongata,  which  separate 
in  their  progress  to  the  periphery  of  the  cerebrum 
and  cerebellum. — -Gall  and  Spurzheim. 

Fibres  of  Remak.  Fibres  described  by  Remak 
as  peculiar  to  the  sympathetic  nerve,  but  which 
Valentin  considers  to  be  neurilemma,  and  to  con- 
sist of  fibro-eellular  bundles. 

FIBREUX,  Fibrous. 

FIBRIL,  see  Fibre. 

FIBRILLA,  Fibril  — f.  Muscularis,  Muscular 
fibre. 

FI'BRILLAR,  Fihrilla'ris.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  fibrils. 

FIBRILLA'TION,  Fihrilla'tio.  The  forma- 
tion of  fibrils. 

FI'BRIN  or  Fib'rin,  Fibrine,  Fibri'na,  Fi- 
hfi'ne,Fibra  aan'gnhiis,  Mate,' ria fihro' sa ,  Li/m2}ha 
plas'tica,  Matiere  Jihreusednsavg.  An  immediate 
a.nimal  principle  —  solid,  white,  and  inodorous; 
insipid;  heavier  than  water;  without  action  on 
the  vegetable  blues;  elastic,  when  moist;  hard 
and  brittle  when  dry.  It  enters  into  the  compo- 
sition of  the  chyle  and  the  blood,  and  forms  the 
chief  piirt  of  the  muscles  of  red-blooded  animals. 
Muscular  fibrin,  Syntonin,  Musculin,  has  been 
shown,  however,  to  be  different  from  that  of  the 
blood.  In  certain  diseased  actions.  Fibrin  or 
Coagnlable  lymph,  gluten,  is  separated  from  the 
blood,  and  is  found  in  considerable  quantity  on 
the  surfaces  of  membranes,  and  in  the  cavities  of 
the  body.     See  Liquor  Sanguinis. 

Fibrin  is  likewise  a  proximate  principle  of 
vegetables,  and  differs  but  little  in  chemical  com- 
position from  animal  fibrin ;  nor  does  it  difi'er 
much  from  albumen  and  casein. 

Fibrin  is  very  nutritious. 

PIBRINA'TION,  Fibrina'tio.  The  act  of 
adding  fibrin  to  the  blood.  The  opposite  to  defi- 
hrinntinn. 

FIB'RINOUS,  Fibrino'sus,  (F.)  Fibrinenx. 
That  which  is  composed  of  fibrin,  or  has  the  ap- 
pearance of  fibrin. 

FIBRO.  In  composition,  appertaining  or  re- 
lating to  fibrous  tissue. 

FIBRO-AREOLAR,  Fibro-cellular. 

FIBRO-BRONCHITIS.  Fibrous  or  rheumatic 
inflammation  of  the  bronchial  tubes. 

FIBRO-CAR'TILAGE,  Fibro-cartila'go.  An 
organic  tissue,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  the 
fibrous  tissue,  and  of  that  of  cartilage.  It  is 
dense,  resisting,  elastic,  firm,  supple,  and  flexible. 
Fibro-eartilages  are  distinguished  into, — 1.  3fem- 
braniform,  or  those  which  serve  as  moulds  to  cer- 
tain parts,  as  the  alee  nasi  and  eyelids.  2.  Vagi- 
nifarm,  or  those  which  form  sheaths  for  the 
sliding  of  tendons.  3.  Interarticular,  those  which 
are  met  with  in  the  movable  artieula?tions.  4. 
Uniting.  (F.)  Fibro-cnrtilages  d'union,  which  form 
a  junction  between  two  bones,  as  the  symphysis 
pubis.  Fibro-cartilages  are  sometimes  formed 
adventitiously,  as  the  result  of  a  morbid  process 
in  different  organs. 

Fibro-Cartilages,  Tarsal,  see  Tarsus. 

Fibro-Cartilagixes  Intertebtebrales,  In- 
tervertebral cartilages. 

FIBRO-CELL'ULAR,  Fibro-cellula'ris,  Fibro- 
are'olar,  Fihro-areola'ris.  That  which  partakes 
of  the  fibrous  and  of  the  cellular  tissue,  as  the 
fascia  transversalis. 

Fibro-Cellular  Tumour,  Tumour,  fibro-cel- 
lular. 

FIBROMA,  Tumour,  fibrous. 

FIBRO-MUCOUS,  Fibro-muco'sm,  (F.)  Fibro- 
muqueux.  Possessing  the  nature  of  fibrous  and 
of  mucous  membranes.  A  term  applied  to 
fibrous  membranes,  which  are  intimately  united 


with  other  membranes  of  a  mucous  nature,  as 
the  pituitary  inembrane,  the  membrane  of  the 
urethra,  &c. 

'FlBRO-'PLASTIC,Fibro-plas'ticus,  {1^.}  Fibro- 
plastique,  from  fibra,  '  fibre,' and  n-Aacro-w,  'I  form.' 
An  epithet  for  a  morbid  formation,  constituted  of 
the  elements  of  areolar  tissue  transformed,  in 
part,  into  fibre. — Lebert. 

Fibro-Plastic  Tumour,  Sarcoma. 

FIBRO-SEROUS,  Fibro-sero'sus,  (F.)  Fibro- 
sereux.  Possessing  the  nature  of  fibrous  and 
serous  membranes.  Membranes,  composed  of  a 
fibrous,  and  a  serous  sheet.  Intimately  united: — 
as  the  Dura  Hater,  Peiicardimn,  Tunica  albu- 
ginea  testis,  &c. 

FIBROID,  Fibrous,  Tumour,  fibrous. 

FI'BROUS,  Fibro'sus,  Fibroid,  (F.)  Fibreux. 
Composed  of  fibres.  Certain  membranes,  as  the 
dura  mater,  periosteum,  ligamentous  capsules  of 
the  joints,  &c.,  are  fibrous.  The  fibrous  si/stem 
of  Biohat  includes  the  system  of  organs  formed 
by  the  albugineous  fibre  of  Chaussier.  It  com- 
prises, particularly,  the  periosteum  and  perichon- 
drium :  the  articular  capsules  and  ligaments  ;  the 
tendons;  the  dura  mater,  pericardium,  tunica 
sclerotica,  tunica  albuginea  testis,  outer  mem- 
brane of  the  spleen,  &c.  Under  simple  fibrous 
tissues,  TelcB  fibro'scB,  certain  writers  have  classed 
the  white  and  yelloio  fibrous  tissues,  and  areolar 
tissue.  Both  the  yellow  and  the  white  may  be 
detected  in  the  areolar  tissue.  The  white  is  said 
to  exist  alone  in  ligaments,  tendons,  fibrous  mem- 
branes, aponeuroses,  &c.  The  ?/eZ/oi(j,  (F.)  7'issH 
jaune,  exists  separately  in  the  middle  coat  of  the 
arteries,  the  chordae  vocales,  ligamentum  nuchoe 
of  quadrupeds,  Ac.  It  differs  from  the  white  in 
possessing  a  high  degree  of  elasticity,  owing  to 
the  presence  of  a  distinct  principle,  called  by  MM. 
Robin  and  Verdeil,  elasticine. 

Fibrous  Growth,  Tumour,  fibrous  —  f.  Matter 
of  the  Brain,  see  Cerebrum  —  f.  Membranes,  see 
Membranes,  fibrous. 

FIB'ULA,  (for  Figibnla  [?]  h-omfigo,  'to  fix,') 
Cruris  ra'dius,  Canna  minor,  Os  per'oiie,  Pero- 
ne'um,  Foc"ile  minus.  Sura,  Arun'do  minor,  Fist'- 
nla  Cruris,  Tib'ia  min'ima,  Os  tib'icB  minus.  Spell- 
bone,  'a  clasp.'  The  splinter  bone  of  the  leg. 
(F.)  Perone.  The  long,  small  bone,  situate  at 
the  outer  part  of  the  leg.  The  superior  or  tibial 
extremity  of  the  fibula  is  rounded  and  forms  the 
caput  or  head.  It  is  articulated  with  the  tibia. 
Its  inferior  or  tarsal  extremity  is  broader  than 
the  superior.  It  is  articulated  with  the  tibia  and 
astragalus,  and  forms  the  malleolus  externus  or 
outer  ankle  by  means  of  its  coronoid  process. 
The  body  of  the  bone  has  three  faces,  having 
more  or  less  prominent  edges.  It  is  separated 
from  the  tibia  by  the  interosseous  space,  and  is 
developed  by  three  points  of  ossification  ;  one  at 
the  body,  and  one  at  each  extremity.  It  prevents 
the  foot  from  turning  outwards. 

FIBULaD,  see  Fibular  aspect. 

FIBULAR,  Peroneal. 

FiBifLAR  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  fibula  is  situated. — Barclay,  Fib'- 
idad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially,  to 
signify  'towards  the  fibular  aspect.' 

FIBULATIO,  Infibulatio. 

FIO,  Ficus. 

FTGAIRE,  Ranunculus  fiearia. 

FICARIA,  Scrophularia  aquatica — f.  Commu- 
nis, Ranunculus  fiearia — f.  Ranunculoides,  Ra- 
nunculus fiearia — f.  Verna,  Ranunculus  fiearia. 

FICATIO,  Ficus. 

FICICION,  Physician. 

FICOSA  EMINENTIA,  Ficus. 

FICUS,  Syce,  Sy'cea,  Sycum,  Syoo'sis,  Syco'- 
ma,  Fica'tio,  Fico'sus  Tumor,  Fico'sa  eminen'tia, 
Maris'ca,  (F.)  Fio.    A  fleshy  excrescence,  often 


FIDERIS 


393 


FILTRATION 


soft  and  reddish,  sometimes  hard  and  scirrhous, 
hanging  by  a  peduncle,  or  formed  like  a  fig; 
occurring  on  the  eyelids,  chin,  tongue,  anus,  or 
organs  of  generation.  The  fiei  seated  on  the 
last-mentioned  parts  are  generally  of  a  syphilitic 
character. 

Ficus,  P.  Carica. 

FiCDS  Cak'iCA,  F.  vulija'ria  seu  commu'iiis. 
The  systematic  name  of  the  fig  tree  :  (F.)  Figuier. 
Old.  Urticace*.  Carica,  Ficus,  Syce,  avK>i,  (F.) 
Figue:  the  fig  —  is  a  pleasant  fruit  when  ripe: 
as  well  as  when  dried  in  the  state  in  which  it  is 
found  in  the  shops  —  Ficus,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
used,  at  times,  in  place  of  a  cataplasm;  especially 
in  gum-boils. 

FiciTs  Communis,  F.  Carica — f.  Indias  grana. 
Coccus  cacti  —  f.  Indica,  Musa  paradisiaca,  see 
Caoutchouc,  Carica  papaya,  and  Lacca  —  f.  Reli- 
giosa,  see  Lacca. 

FIDERIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
waters,  in  the  Canton  of  the  Grisons,  are  strong, 
acidulous,  and  alkaline,  and  possess  all  the  vir- 
tues of  the  class. 

FIDGETS.  Of  doubtful  etymology.  Dys- 
2)}ior'ia  simplex,  D.  nervo'sa,  Erethis' miis  simplex, 
Tituha'tio,  Creepers,  (Sc.)  Feyk,  (F.)  Fretillement. 
General  restlessness  and  troublesome  uneasiness 
of  the  nerves  and  muscles,  with  increased  sensi- 
bility, and  inability  of  fixing  the  attention,  ac- 
companied with  a  perpetual  desire  of  changing 
the  position.     See  Agacement  des  Nerfs. 

FIDICINALES,  Lumbricales  manus. 

FIE,  Psychorages. 

FIEL,  Bile—/,  c/e  Boeuf,  Bile  of  the  ox—/. 
de  Terre,  Fumaria. 

FIELDWEED,  Anthemis  cotula,  Erigeron 
Philadelphicum. 

FIENTE,  Fimus. 

FIEVRE,  Fever—/.  d'Acees,  Intermittent 
fever — -/.  Adynamique,  Typhus — /.  Ahjide,  see 
Algidus — /.  d' Amour,  Fever,  erotic — /.  Aiigeio- 
tenique,  Syuocha — /.  Annuelle,  see  Annual  Dis- 
eases— /.  Ardent,  Ardent  fever,  Sj'nocha — /. 
Ataxique,  Typhus  — /.  de  la  Barhade,  Fever, 
yellow — /.  Bidleuse,  Pemphigus — /.  des  Camps, 
Typhus  gravior — /.  Catarrhale,  Catnrrh — /.  Ca- 
tarrhale  epidemique,  Influenza — /.  Cerebrale,  Ce- 
rebral fever—/.  Cerebrale  des  Enfans,  Hydroce- 
phalus internus — /.  Cer^hm-spinal,  Meningitis, 
cerebro-spinal— /.  Ckolerique,  Choleric  fever  — 
/.  de  Consomption,  see  Consumption — /.  Coiiti- 
nente  iitflammatoire,  Synocha — /.  Delirante, 
Fever,  delirious — /.  Double,  Fever,  double  —  f. 
Doubles,  Fever,  double — /.  Entero-mesenterique, 
Typhoid  fever — /.  Ephemere,  Ephemera  ^ — •/. 
Etique,  Hectic  fever — /.  Gastro-adynamique, 
Fever,  yellow — -f.  Oastro-hepatique,  Fever,  yellow 
— f.  Hectique,  Hectic  fever — -f.  de  Eour/rie,  Fever, 
Hungarie — ;/'.  d' Hopital,  Typhus  gravior — /.  /e- 
terique.  Fever,  yellow — /.  Ivjlammatoire,  Synocha 
— /.  IiitermiUente,  Intermittent  fever — /.  Inter- 
mittente  paludeenne,  see  Elodes  — /.  Irritative, 
Synocha — /.  Jaune  d'Amerique,  Fever,  yellow — 
/.  Lactee,  Fever,  milk—/,  de  Lait,  Fever,  milk — 
/.  Laiteuse,  Fever,  milk  — /.  Larvee,  Fever, 
masked — ■/.  Lenticulaire,  Typhus  gravior — /  du 
Levant,  Plague — /.  des  Jfarais,  Intermittent 
fever — f.  Maremmatique,  see  Elodes — f.  3fatelote, 
Fever,  yellow — /.  Ileningo-gastrique,  Fever,  gas- 
tric— f.  jifesenteriqne,  see  Typhus — f.  y.e  la  Muis- 
son,  Fever,  gastric — /.  Iforbillense,  Rubeola — /. 
Nerveuse,  Typhus  mitior — /.  Nosocomi<tle,  Typhus 
gravior — f.  Ortiee,  Urticaria — f.  Oscitarite,  Osci- 
tant  fever — /.  Paludeenue,  see  Elodes — f.  Pirio- 
dique.  Intermittent  fever  — /.  Peripneumonique, 
Pneumonia — /.  Perniciense  delirante,  see  Deli- 
rious— •/  Pleuretique,  Pleurisy — /.  des  Prisons, 
Typhus  gravior — /.  Pneumonique,  Pneumonia — 


/.  Pourpree,  Scarlatina — /.  Puerpercde,  Fever, 
puerperal,  see  Peritonitis — f.  Quarte,  Quartan — 
/.  Quotidienne,  Quotidian  — /.  d  Hechiite,  see 
Relapse — /.  liemittente,  Remittent  fever — /. 
Rhumatismale,  Rheumatism,  acute — /.  Rovye, 
Roseolse,  Scarlatina- — /.  Scnguine,  Synocha — /. 
Semitierce,  ilemitrita3a — /.  de  Sia7}i,  Fever,  yel- 
low— f.  Suante,  Sudor  Picardicus — /.  Syncopate, 
see  Fever  syncopal,  and  Syncopal — /.  Tierce, 
Tertian  fever—/.  Typho'ide,  see  Typhus—/.  Vesi- 
cidaire,  Pemphigus. 

FIjSVREUX,  Feverish. 

FIG,  see  Ficus  carica  —  f.  Indian,  Cactus 
opuntia. 

FIGUE,  see  Ficus  carica. 

FIGUIER,  Ficus  carica—/.  d' Inde,  Cactus 
opuntia. 

FIGURA  VENOSA,  Circulus  venosus. 

FIGURATIO,  Imagination. 

FIGURE,  Countenance. 

FIGURE,  (F.)  An  epithet  for  a  compressive 
bandage,  applied  over  the  head  after  bleeding 
from  the  frontal  vein.  It  has  also  been  called 
bandage  royal. 

FIGWORT,  Scrophularia  nodosa  — f.  ATater, 
greater,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

FILACEOUS,  Filamentous. 

FILA  NERVEA,  Nerve-fibres— f.  Spermatica, 
Spermatozoa. 

FILA  IRE  DE  ME  DINE,  Dracun  cuius. 

FIL'AMENT,  Filum,  Filamen'tum,  from  Jiliim, 
'a  thread.'  This  word  is  used  synonymously 
with  fibril;  thus,  we  say,  a  nervous  or  cellular 
filament  or  fibril.  Also,  the  glairy,  thread-like 
substance  which  forms  in  the  urine  in  some  dis- 
eases, and  which  depends  on  a  particular  secre- 
tion from  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  urinary 
passages. 

FILAMEN'TOUS,  Filamento'sus.  Filaceous; 
threadlike;  filiform.  Same  etymon.  Containing 
threadlike  substances,  as  the  tttnica  filamentosa 
or  decidua:  —  Filamentous  urine;  urine  contain- 
ing threadlike  substances. 

FILAMENTUIVI,  Frfenum. 

FILARIA  GUIXEENSIS,  Dracunculus  — f. 
Hominis  bronchialis,  see  Worms — f.  Medinensis, 
Dracunculus — f.  Oculi,  see  AVorms. 

FILBERT,  Corylus  avellana. 

FILE,  DENTAL,  Lima  dentaria. 

FILELLUM,  Frifinum. 

FILET  {DE  LA  LANGUE),  Frsenum— /.  de 
la  Verge,  Frsenum  penis — /.  Operation  du,  see 
Frasnum. 

FILETUM,  Frsenum  linguas. 

FILICULA,  Polypodium  filix  mas— f.  Dulcis, 
Polj'podium  vulgare. 

FIL'IFORM,  Fltiform'is,  frnmfibnn,  'a  thread,' 
and/or?Ha,  'form.'  Having  the  shape  of  a  thread  ; 
as  the  "fili/onn  papilla?  of  the  tongue;"  a  '^fili- 
form pulse."     See  Papillee. 

FILING,  Limatio. 

FILIPENDULA,  Spirtea  filipendula. 

FILIUS  ANTE  PATREM,  Tussilago. 

FILIX  FCEMINEA,  Pteris  aquilina  — f.  Flo- 
rida, Osraunda  regalis — f.  Mas,  Polypodium  fills 
mas — f  Non  ramosa  dentata.  Polypodium  filix  mas 
— f.  Nymphiea,  Pteris  aquilina — f.  Pinnata,  Poly- 
podium filix  mas — f.  Veneris,  Adiantum  pedatum. 

FILLE,  Girl. 

FILLET,  Fascia,  Laqueus— f.  of  the  Corpus 
Callosum,  GjTus  fornieatus. 

FILLING.  A  term  employed  in  dentistry  foi 
the  operation  of  stuffing  the  cavity  of  a  carious 
tooth  with  some  indestructible  su I  stance,  to  pre- 
vent the  access  of  extraneous  i-atters — Odonto- 
plero'sis.     See  Plu^-ging. 

FILTRA'T10N,>)7/r«V/o,  Pcrmla'tio,  E'thi- 
sis,  Ethis'mus.     Same   etymon   a:,    the   next.     A 


FILTRUM 


394 


FISTULA 


pharmaceutical  operation,  whicli  consists  in  pass- 
ing a  fluid  through  a  filter  or  strainer,  for  the 
purpose  of  clarifying  it.  In  ancient  physiology, 
it  meant  the  action  by  which  the  different  hu- 
mours of  the  body  are  separated  from  the  mass 
of  the  blood. 

FILTRUM.  A  filter.  (F.)  Filtre ; —  hom 
feutre,  'felt  Or  fulled  cloth,'  which  was  used  to 
form  it.  Any  porous  material;  such  as  sand, 
some  kinds  of  freestone,  powdered  charcoal, 
pounded  glass,  flannel,  unsized  pa/ie?-,  &c.,  through 
which  a  fluid  is  passed  for  the  purpose  of  sepa- 
rating it  from  the  matters  suspended  in  it. 

FILUM,  Filament  —  f.  Musculare,  Muscular 
fibre  —  f.  Tasniaforme,  Tffiniola. 

FiLUJf  Termina'le.  a  slender  ligament,  pro- 
longed from  the  nervous  sheath,  formed  by  the 
spinal  pia  mater,  which  descends  through  the 
centre  of  the  cauda  equina,  and  is  attached  to 
the  dura  mater,  lining  the  canal  of  the  coccyx. 

FIM'BRIA,  Parar'ma.  A  band,  a  fringe;  as 
the  fimbria  or  fimbriated  or  fringed  extremity  of 
the  Fallopian  tube. 

FIM'BRIA  CARNOS^  COLI,  Appendiculse 
pinguedinosas  —  f.  Tubarum  Fallopii,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

FIMBRIATED,  see  Fimbria. 

FIMUS,  Bor'borus,  Onthus,  Stercus.  (F.) 
Fiente.     Dung,  excrement. 

Fnrus  seu  Stercus  An'seris,  Goose-dung,  was 
applied  as  a  poultice  to  the  feet  in  malignant 
fever.     See  Chenocoprus. 

FlMUS  Eqiji'nus,  Stercus  eqni  non  castra'tu 
Stone  horse-dung  was  once  thought  antipleuritic. 

Furus  Vacc^,  Coio-dung,  was  employed  as  a 
cata])lasm,  especially  in  gout. 

FINCKLB,  Anethum. 

FINGER,  Digitus  — f.  Middle,  Medius  digitus 
— f.  Ring,  Annular  finger — f.  Stall,  Digitale. 

FINIS  ASPER^  ARTERIiE,  Larynx. 

FIOLE,  Phiala. 

FIPPL-H,  Lip,  under. 

FIR,  BALSAM,  Pinus  balsamea. 

Fir-Moss,  Upright,  Lycopodiura  selago. 

Fir,  Scotch,  Pinus  sylvestris — f.  Spruce,  Nor- 
way, Pinus  ahies. 

Fir  Tree,  Silver,  European,  Pinus  picea. 

Fir,  Yew-leaved,  Pinus  abies. 

FIRE  DAMP,  Hydrogen,  carburetted— f.  Per- 
sian, Anthracion — f.  St.  Anthony's,  Erysipelas. 

Fire  Weed,  Erechthites  hieraoifolia,  Senecio. 

FIRING,  Cauterization. 

FIRST  INTENTION,  see  Intention. 

FISHSKIN,  Ichthyosis. 

FISH-TONGUE.  {¥.)  Langue  de  Carjye.  An 
instrument  —  so  called  from  its  shape  — used  by 
some  dentists  for  the  removal  of  tlie  dentes  sa- 
pientirt3. 

FISSICULA'TIO,  from  fissiculare,  'to  cut  ofi",' 
'open,'  'make  incisions.'  An  old  word  for  an 
opening  made  with  a  scalpel. 

FISSrPARITE,  see  Generation. 

FISSIPAROUS,  see  Generation. 

FISSURA,  Fissure  — f.  Canalis  Fallopii,  see 
Aquajductus  Fallopii — f.  Capillorum,  Distrix — f. 
Contrnjacens,  Contra-fissura — f.  Cerebri  longitu- 
dinalis,  Fissure,  longitudinal,  of  the  Brain  —  f. 
Interlobularis,  Interlobular  fissure  —  f.  Magna 
vulvEe,  see  Rima — f.  Palpebrarum,  see  Palpebra 
— f.  Pilaris,  Trichismus. 

Fissu'ra  Loxgitudina'lis,  Ante'rior  et  Pos- 
te'rior.  Two  vertical  fissures  in  the  median 
line,  in  front  of,  and  behind,  the  medulla  oblon- 
gata, which  divide  it  superficially  into  two  sym- 
metrical lateral  columns. 

FissuRA  Transversa  Magna  Cerebri,  Fis- 
sure, transverse,  of  the  Brain. 

FISSURE,  Fissu'ra,  Schisma,  Scissu'ra,  Rhege, 
Bhegma,    Rhegmus,    from   findere,   fi.ssum,     '  to 


cleave;'  a  long  and  narrow  cleft  or  opening  in  a 
bone — Rhage,  payrj,  Ceasma,  Kcaayia.  (S.)  Fissure, 
Fente. 

Fissure  has  various  acceptations :  1.  A  frac- 
ture, Catag'ma  fissu'ra,  in  which  the  bone  is 
cracked,  not  separated,  as  in  fracture;  2.  A  nar- 
row, long,  and  superficial  solution  of  continuity, 
around  the  external  openings  of  the  mucous 
membranes.  A  sort  of  chap — (F.)  Oerqure — ob- 
served on  the  hands,  particularly  on  the  callous 
hands,  of  workmen,  in  certain  mechanical  em- 
ployments; 3.  Small  chapped  ulcerations,  some- 
times noticed  in  young  children,  owing  to  the 
contact  of  the  fseces  and  urine  with  the  fine, 
delicate  skin  of  the  thighs,  nates,  and  genital 
organs :  4.  Clefts  of  a  more  or  less  deep  nature, 
occurring  on  the  genital  organs  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  anus,  in  those  labouring  under  syphilis. 
These  are  usually  called  rhagades.    See  Monster. 

Fissure  op  Bichat,  Fissure,  transverse,  of 
the  Brain — f.  Capillary,  see  Pilatio. 

Fissure,  Central.  The  aggregate  of  the  ca- 
vities or  ventricles  of  the  brain.  Meckel  consi- 
ders them  but  one  cavity,  in  the  form  of  a  cross. 

Fissure  op  Glaser,  Fissure,  glenoid  —  f.  of 
Glaserius,  F.  Glenoid. 

Fissure,  Glenoid,  Fissure  of  Glaser  or  Glase'- 
rius,  (F.)  Fissure  ou  Seissure  de  Glaser,  Fente 
glenoidalg  ou  Felure  de  Glaser,  divides  the  gle- 
noid cavity  of  the  temporal  bone  into  two  parts, 
and  gives  passage  to  the  chorda  tympani.  &o. 

Fissure  of  the  Helix.  A  small  vertical  fis- 
sure of  the  helix  of  the  ear,  a  little  above  the 
tubercle  for  the  attachment  of  the  attrahens  aurem 
muscle. 

Fissure,  Infraorbitar,  Suborbitar  fissure. 

Fissure,-  Longitu'dinal,  of  the  Brain,  Fis- 
su'ra cer'ehri  longitudina'lis.  The  space  which 
separates  the  two  hemispheres  of  the  brain. 

Fissure,  Orbitar,  see  Orbitar  fissure — f.  Or- 
bitar,  inferior,  Spheno-maxillary  fissure — f.  Or- 
bitar, superior.  Sphenoidal  fissure — f.  Portal,  see 
Liver. 

Fissure  of  Rolan'do.  A  transverse  fissure 
placed  between  two  superior  cerebral  convolu- 
tions, which  are  met  with  above  the  fissure  of 
Sylvius. 

Fissure,  Semilit'nar.  A  notch  at  the  ante- 
rior edge  of  the  cerebellum,  where  it  receives 
fibres  which  connect  it  to  the  cerebellum  and 
mesocephalon. 

Fissure  of  Svl'vius,  Fissu'ra  seu  Fossa  Mag- 
na Si/l'vii.  A  deep,  narrow  sulcus,  which  ascends 
obliquely  backwards  from  the  temporal  ala  of  the 
sphenoid  bone,  near  to  the  middle  of  the  parietal 
bone,  and  which  parts  the  anterior  and  middle 
lobes  of  the  cerebrum  on  each  side. 

Fissure  op  the  Tragus.  A  fissure  on  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  tragus  of  the  ear. 

Fissure,  Transverse,  of  the  Brain,  Great 
transverse  fissure,  Fissure  of  Bichat,  Fissu'ra  seu 
Rima  transver'sa  magna  cer'ehri.  A  fissure, 
which  passes  beneath  and  behind  the  edge  of  the 
middle  lobe  of  the  brain,  and  extends  beneath 
the  hemisphere  of  one  side  to  the  same  point  of 
the  opposite  side. 

FIST,  Sax.  py}-c,  -nvyixT],  Pygme,  Pugnus,  (F.) 
Poing.     The  clenched  hand.     . 

FIS'TULA,  'a  pipe  or  reed,'  Syrinx,  Syrin'ga, 
Aulos — when  of  a  small  size,  Aulis'cos.  A  solu- 
tion of  continuity,  of  greater  or  less  depth  and 
sinuosity;  the  opening  of  which  is  narrow,  and 
the  disease  kept  up  by  an  altered  texture  of  parts, 
so  that  it  is  not  disposed  to  heal.  A  fistula  is 
incomj}lete  or  blind,  when  it  has  but  one  opening; 
and  complete  when  there  are  two,  the  one  com- 
municating with  an  internal  cavity,  the  other 
externally.  It  is  lined,  in  its  whole  course,  by 
a  membrane   which  seems  analogous  to  mucous 


FISTULES  STERCORAIRES     395 


FLAX 


membranes.  Incomplete  fisttdcB  may  be  internal 
or  external.  The  former  are  those  which  open 
internnUi)  ;  the  latter  those  ■which  open  externally. 
External  incornjAete  fiatula  are  kept  up  by  caries 
or  necrosis  of  bones,  by  extraneous  bodies  in  any 
of  the  living  textures,  or  by  purulent  cavities, 
the  walls  of  which  have  not  become  united.  In- 
ternal incomplete  fistulcB  generally  soon  become 
complete,  since  the  discharge  that  escapes  from 
them  into  the  cavities  into  which  they  open  has 
a  constant  tendency  to  make  its  way  outwardly, 
and  soon  occasions  ulceration  of  the  integuments. 
Fistulse  have  received  different  names,  according 
to  the  discharge  which  they  aiford,  and  the  organs 
in  which  they  are  seated, — as  lachrymal,  biliary, 
salivary,  synovial,  urinary  —  Fia'tula  iiri'nce, 
U'rias.  The  great  object  of  treatment,  in  fistu- 
lous sores,  is  to  bring  on  an  altered  condition  of 
the  parietes  of  the  canal,  by  astringent  or  stimu- 
lating injections,  caustics,  the  knife,  pressure,  &c. 
Those  which  are  dependent  on  diseased  bone, 
cartilage,  tendon,  &c.,  do  not  heal  until  after  the 
exfoliation  of  the  diseased  part.  Fistulas  of  ex- 
cretory ducts  are  produced  either  by  an  injury 
of  the  duct  itself  or  by  the  retention  and  accu- 
mulation of  the  fluids  to  which  they  have  to  give 
passage.  Thus,  Fis'tula  lacryma'lis,  Dacryo- 
ayr'inx,  FmjyJirag'ma  lacryma'le.  Hydrops  sacci 
lacryma'lis.  Dropsy  of  the  lachrymal  sue,  com- 
monly proceeds  from  the  obliteration  of  the  nasal 
ducts,  or  from  atony  of  the  lachrymal  sac;  which 
circumstances  prevent  the  tears  from  passing  into 
the  nostrils. 

PiSTULA  IN  Ano,  Archosyr'inx,  generally  occurs 
from  some  mechanical  pressure  or  impediment. 
The  principal  indication  in  the  treatment  of  these 
fistulse  of  the  excretory  canals  being  to  put  a  stop 
to  the  constant  discharge  of  the  secretions,  &c., 
through  the  preternatural  channel,  the  fistulous 
passage  is  at  times  laid  open,  and  a  communica- 
tion established  with  the  natural  excretory  canal; 
at  others,  strong  pressure  is  employed  to  procure 
its  obliteration. 

Fistula  Belliniana,  Uriniferous  tube — f.  Ci- 
balis,  CEsophagus — f.  Cruris,  Fibula — f.  Durse 
matris,  Sinus  of  the  dura  mater  —  f.  Lacrymalis, 
see  Fistula — f.  Mammae,  Mastosyrinx — f.  Nervo- 
rum, Neurilemma  —  f.  Sacra,  Medulla  spinalis, 
Vertebral  column  —  f.  Spiritualis,  Trachea  —  f. 
Urinaria,  Urethra — f.  Ureterum  renum,  see  Calix 
—  f.  UriniB,  see  Fistula  —  f.  Yentriculi,  (Eso- 
phagus. 

FISTULES  STERCORAIRES,  see  Sterco- 
raceous. 

FIS'TULOUS,  Fistulo'sus,  Syring"icus,  Syrin- 
go'des,  (F.)  Fistuleux.  Relating  to,  or  resembling, 
a  fistula;  as  '& fistulous  opening.' 

FIT,  Pes. 

FIT-ROOT,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

FITS,  NINE  DAT,  Trismus  nascentium. 

FIVE  FINGERS,  Panax  quinquefolium. 

FIXATIO  MONONCEA,  Melancholy. 

FIXED,  Fixus,  from  figere,  fixnm,  '  to  fasten.' 
A  body  not  capable  of  being  volatilized  by  fire  is 
said  to  be  fixed.  Thus,  we  sa.j  fixed  oils,  in  con- 
tradistinction to  volatile  oils. 

FIXEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  four  leagues  from  Waldsassen,  in  Bava- 
ria. It  contains  carbonic  acid,  holding  in  solu- 
tion carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia,  chlorides 
of  lime  and  magnesia,  carbonate  of  soda  and  silica. 
In  Bavaria,  it  replaces  the  Seltzer  water. 

FIXI  DENTES.  The  teeth  of  the  second 
dentition. 

FLABELLA'TION,  Flahclla'tio,  from  flahel- 
lare,  flahellatum,  (from  fiabriim,  'a  blast  of 
wind,')  'to  agitate  the  air.'  An  operation  recom- 
mended by  Ambrose  Pare,  which  consists  in 
keeping  fractured   limbs    cool,    as    well   as   the 


dressings  surrounding  them,  by  the  renewal  of 
the  air  around  them,  either  by  the  use  of  a  fan, 
or  the  repeated  change  of  position  of  the  parts 
affected. 

FLABELLUM  ET  VENTILABRUM  COR- 
DIS, Pulmo. 

FLACCID'ITY,  Flaccid'itas,  from  flaccidne, 
'  flabby,'  '  soft.'  Softness  of  a  part,  so  as  to  offer 
little  resistance  on  pressure. 

FLAG,  BLUE,  Iris  versicolor — f.  Biue,  slender, 
Iris  Virginica — f.  Dwarf,  Iris  lacustris — f.  Myrtle, 
Acorus  calamus — f.  Root,  Acorus  calamus. 

FLAGELLATIO,  Mastigosis. 

FLAM  BE,  Iris  Germanica — /.  Bdtard,  Iris 
pseuda  corns. 

FLABIBOISE,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 

FLAME,  VITAL,  Vital  principle. 

FLAMED,  Inflamed. 

FLAMMA,  Fleam— f.  Cordis,  Biolycbnium — f. 
Vitalis,  Biolycbnium. 

FLAM3IE.  Fleam—/.  Vitale,  Vital  principle. 

FLAMMETTE,  Fleam. 

FLAMMON,  Lachesis  rhombeata. 

FLAMMULA,  Fleam,  Ranunculus  ficaria  —  f. 
Cordis,  Biolycbnium — f.  Jovis,  Clematis  recta  — 
f.  Vitalis,  Animal  heat,  Biolycbnium,  Vital  prin- 
ciple. 

FLANCS,  Flanks. 

FLANKS,  Il'ia,  Il'ea,  La'gones,  Lap'ara,  Ce- 
neo'nes,  (Prov.)  Lists,  (F.)  Flancs,  Les  Res.  The 
regions  of  the  body  which  extend,  on  the  sides, 
from  the  inferior  margin  of  the  chest  to  the  crista 
ilii. 

FLAP,  (F.)  Lawheau.  A  portion  of  the  soft 
parts  of  the  body  separated  from  those  beneath, 
but  still  attached  by  the  base.  Hence  there  may 
be  'flap  wounds,'  (F.)  Plaies  d  lamheaux,  and 
'flap  operations,'  (F.)  Operations  ci  lamheaux. 
When  the  flap  is  taken  from  one  part,  and  ap- 
plied to  another,  in  plastic  operations,  the  opera- 
tion is  said  to  be  by  migration  of  the  flap,  (F.) 
Iligration  du  Lamhean.  At  times,  the  flap  is 
made  to  slide  over  the  part  to  which  it  has  to  ad- 
here:—  the  operation  is  then  said  to  be  by  the 
sliding  of  the  flap,  (F.)  Glissement  du  Lamheau. 
The  flap  is  also,  at  times,  rolled,  inverted,  &c., 
(F.)  Roulement  ou  Inversion  du  Lambeau. 

Flap-dock,  Digitalis. 

Flap  Operation  of  Amputation,  Amputation 
d  lamheaux. 

FLAT  TOP,  Vernonia  Noveboracensis. 

FLATUARIUS,  Alchymist. 

FLATUEUX,  Windy. 

FLAT'ULENCE,  Flatulen'tia,  Flatus,  Flatu- 
os'itas,  Aeriflux'us,  Pneiimato'sis,  Pneumatosis 
ventric'iili  et  enter'ica,  Bdes'ma,  Hyperpmeus'tict, 
Clydon,  Physa,  Polyphy'sia,  Limo'sis  Fla'tus, 
Erenx'is,  Bombus,  Flatuos'ity,  Wind,  Wind'iness, 
Ventos'ify,  Vapour,  (F.)  Ventosife,  Flatuosite, 
Vents;  from  flo,  flatum,  '  to  blow.'  Wind  emitted 
from,  or  accumulated  in,  the  digestive  tube  espe- 
cially. 

FLATULENT,  Windy. 

FLATULENTIA,  Flatulence. 

FLATUOSITE,  Flatulence. 

FLATUOSITY,  Flatulence. 

FLATUS,  Crepitation,  Flatulence— f.  Furiosus, 
Ambulo-flatulentus — f.  Spinse,  Spina  ventosa. 

FLAVEDO  CORTICUM  CITRI,  see  Citrus 
medica. 

FLAVOUR,  from  (F.)  flairer,  'to  smell.'  The 
quality  of  a  sapid  body,  which  is  appreciated  by 
the  taste  and  smell  combined,  and  more  espe- 
cially by  the  latter.  Some  physiologists  consider 
that  flavour  is  effected  through  the  smell  alone. 

FLAVUS,  Yellow. 

FLAX,  COMMON,  Linum  usitatissimum— f. 
Purging,  Linum  catharticum — f.  Seed,  see  Linum 


FLEA 


396 


FLEXOR 


usitatissimum — -f.  Seed  tea,  Infasum  lini  eompo- 
situm — f.  Toad,  Antirhinum  linaria. 
FLEA.  COMMO^^  Pulex  irritans. 
FLEABANE,  GREAT,  Conyza  squarrosa— f. 
Various -leaved,  Erigeron  heterophyllum  —  f. 
Canada,  Erigeron  Canadense — f.  Narrow-leaved, 
Erigeron  Philadelpbicum  —  f.  Philadelphia,  Eri- 
geron Philadelphicum  —  f.  Skevish,  Erigeron 
Philadelphicum. 

FLEAM,  Flamma,  Flarn'mida,  Schasfe'rion, 
Fosso'rium,  Phlehot' omum.  A  surgical  instru- 
ment used  for  the  operation  of  phlebotomy.  (F.) 
F/amnie,  Flammette.  It  consists  of  a  small  me- 
tallic box,  containing  a  spear-pointed  cutting  in- 
strument, which,  by  means  of  a  spring,  can  be 
forced  into  the  vein.  It  is  much  used  ia  Ger- 
many and  some  other  European  countries,  and  is 
not  unfrequently  employed  in  America;  but  is 
scarcely  ever  seen  in  France  or  Great  Britain. 
FLEAWORT,  Plantago  psyllium. 
FLECHISSEUR,  Flexor—/.  Court  commnn 
des  orteils,  Flexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis  — /. 
Court  du  petit  doigt,  Flexor  parvus  minimi  digiti 
— f.  Court  du  petit  orteil,  Flexor  brevis  minimi  di- 
giti pedis — •/.  Profond  des  doigts,  Flexor  profun- 
dus perforans — -f.  Sublime  des  doigts,  Flexor  sub- 
limis  perforatus — -f.  Superficiel  des  doigts,  Flexor 
sublimis  perforatus — -/.  Court  dugros  orteil,  Flexor 
brevis  poUicis  pedis — f.  Grand  commun  des  orteils, 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus,  perfo- 
rans— /.  Long  covimun  des  orteils,  Flexor  longus 
digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans — •/.  Loyig  du 
yros  orteil,  Flexor  longus  pollicis  pedis — ■/.  Court 
du  pouce.  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  maniis. 
FLECK,  Abrasion. 

FLECTENS  PAR  LUMBORUM,  Quadratus 
lumborum. 

FLEGMEIS^,  Flemen. 

FLEMEN,    Flegmen.      A    tumour    about   the 
ankles.     Also,  a  chap  on  the  feet  and  hands. 
FLERECIX,  Gout. 

FLESH,  Caro,  Sarx,  (P.)  Chair.     Every  soft 
part  of  an  animal  is  so  named;  but  more  parti- 
3ularly  the  muscles,  which  are  called  muscular 
flesh. 
Flesh,  Proub,  Fungosity. 
FLESHY,  Corpulent. 
FLETUS,  Lacrvmatio. 

FLEUR  BE  COUCOU,  Primula  veris  — /. 
Sainte- Catherine,  Yiig&W^ — /.  de  Sainte-Jacques, 
Thlaspi  bursa  — /.  de  Tons  les  mois,  Calendula 
oflBcinalis, 

FLEURS,  Flowers,  Menses — /.  de  Benjoin, 
Benjamin — -f.  Blanches,  Leucorrhoea — -f.  de  IIus- 
eade,  Mace — -f.  de  Soufre,  Sulphur  sublimatum. 

FLEXIBIL'ITY,  Fle.rihil'itos,  from  flectere, 
_/?e.ri(m,  '  to  bend.'  Capability  of  being  bent.  A 
physical  property  of  the  tissues,  which  varies 
greatly  according  to  the  structure.  The  tendons 
exhibit  this  property  in  a  marked  manner. 
FLEXIO,  Campsis,  Flexion. 
FLEX'IOjST,  Flex'io,  Campe.  Same  etymon. 
The  state  of  being  bent.  The  action  of  a  flexor 
muscle. 

FLEXOR.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Flechisseur. 
A  muscle,  whose  office  it  is  to  bend  certain  parts. 
Flexor  Brevis  Digito'rum  Pedis  Perfora'- 
TUS,  F,  Suhli'mis  seu  brevis  seu  digito'rum  brevis 
seu  perforatus  pedis,  Perfora'tus  sen  flexor  secuii'di 
interno'dii  digito'rum  pedis,  (F.)  Calcaneo-sous- 
phalangettien  commun, —  Calcaneo-sous-phalangi- 
nien  commun,  —  (Ch.),  Muscle  court  flechisseur 
commun  des  orteils.  A  muscle,  placed  at  the 
middle  of  the  sole  of  the  foot.  It  is  narrower 
and  thicker  behind  than  before,  where  it  is  di- 
vided into  four  portions.  It  arises  from  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  inferior  surface  of  the  os  calcis, 
and  is  inserted  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
second  phalanx  of  the  last  four  toes.     It  bends 


the  second  phalanges  of  the  toes  on  the  first,  and 
the  first  on  the  metatarsal  bones ;  in  this  manner 
augmenting  the  concavity  of  the  vault  of  the 
foot. 

Flexor  Brevis  Minimi  Digiti,  F.  Parvus  mi- 
nimi digiti. 

Flexor  Brevis  MiN'un  Dig"iti  Pedis,  Para'- 
thenar  minor,  (P.)  Court  flechisseur  du  petit  orteil, 
Tarso-sous-pihalangien  du  2]etit  orteil  —  (Ch.)  A 
muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of 
the  sole  of  the  foot.  It  arises  from  the  posterior 
extremity  of  the  fifth  metatarsal  bone,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  posterior  part  of  the  first  phalanx 
of  the  little  toe,  which  it  bends. 

Flexor  Brevis  Pol'licis  Manus,  F.  secun'dl 
interno'dii,  F.  primi  et  secxm'di  ossis  pol'licis, 
Thenar,  (F.)  Court  flechisseur  du  potice,  Carpo- 
phalangien  du  pouce — (Cli.),  Demi-interosseux  du 
pouce.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the 
palm  of  the  hand.  It  is  divided  into  two  portions 
by  the  tendon  of  the  Flexor  longus  pollicis.  It 
arises  from  the  os  magnum,  the  anterior  annular 
ligament  of  the  carpus  and  the  third  metacarpal 
bone  ;  and  is  inserted  into  the  superior  part  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb,  and  into  the  two 
ossa  sesamoidea  at  the  articulation  of  the  first 
phalanx  with  the  first  metacarpal  bone.  Its  use 
is  to  bend  the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb  on  the 
first  metacarpal  bone,  and  the  latter  upon  the 
trapezium. 

Flexor  Brevis  Pol'licis  Pedis,  F.  brevis  seu 
hal'lucis  seu  brevis  pol'licis,  (F.)  Tarso-p)hcdan- 
gien  da  p>ouce,  Court  flechisseur  du  gros  orteil, 
Tarso-sous-phalavgettien  du  premier  orteil — (Ch.) 
it  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
sole  of  the  foot;  is  thin  and  narrow  behind,  thick 
and  divided  into  two  portions  before.  It  arises 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the  os  calcis  and  the  last 
two  cuneiform  bones,  and  is  inserted  at  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  base  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
great  toe,  and  into  the  two  sesamoid  bones  of  the 
corresponding  metatarso-phalangian  articulation. 
It  bends  the  first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe  on  the 
first  metacarpal  bone. 

Flexor  Carpi  Radialis,  Palmaris  magnus — 
f.  Carpi  ulnaris,  see  Cubital  (muscles) — f.  Hallu- 
eis,  F.  brevis  pollicis  pedis — f.  Hallucis  longus, 
F.  longus  pollicis  pedis. 

Flexor  Loxgds  Digitc'ruji  Pedis  Profun'- 
DUS  Per'forans  ;  Per'/orans  sen  Flexor  prof  un'- 
dus,  Perodactyle'us,  PeronodactyV ius,  Perono- 
dacti/lia'us,  PeronedactyV ius,  Flexor  digito'rum 
longus  seu  Perforans  2'>edis,  Perforans  seu  Flexor 
lertii  internodii  digito'rum  pedis  ;  (F.)  Tibio-jjha- 
langettien — (Ch.),  Grand  Ou  long  flechisseur  com- 
mun des  orteils.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior and  deep-seated  part  of  the  leg.  It  is  broader 
at  its  middle  than  at  its  extremities,  the  inferior 
of  which  is  divided  into  four  portions.  It  arises 
from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia,  and  its 
tendons  are  attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
lower  surface  of  tbe  three  phalanges  of  the  last 
four  toes.  It  bends  the  three  phalanges  on  each 
other,  and  the  toes  on  the  metatarsus,  and  ex- 
tends the  foot  on  the  leg. 

The  Accesso'rius  Flexo'ris  Longi  Digito'rum 
Pedis,  Caro  quadra'ta  Syl'vii,  C.  accesso'ria, 
Ifassa  car'nea  Jaco'bi  Syl'vii,  Planta'ris  verns, 
(F.)  Accfssoire  du  long  flechisseur  commun  dea 
orteils,  Carree  {Chair,)  is  a  small  muscle  of  the 
sole  of  the  foot,  which  passes  obliquely  from  the 
OS  calcis  to  the  outer  edge  of  the  flexor  longus, 
whose  force  it  augments,  and  corrects  its  obliquity. 

Flexor  Longus  Pol'licis  Mands,  F.  longus 
jwllicis,  F.  tertii  interno'dii  seu  longis' simus  pol- 
licis ;  (F.)  Radio-phalangettien  du  j]ouce, — (Ch.) 
Situate  at  the  anterior  and  profound  part  of  the 
forearm.  It  arises  from  the  upper  three  quarters 
of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  radius  and  interos- 


FLEXURA 


197 


FLUELLEN 


seous  ligament,  and  is  inserted,  by  a  tendon,  into 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  last  phalanx  of  the 
thumb.  It  bends  the  second  phalanx  of  the 
thumb  on  the  first;  the  first  on  the  corresponding 
metacarpal  bone,  and  this  upon  the  radius.  It 
can,  also,  bend  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

Flexor  Longos  Pol'licis  Pedis,  F.  Hal'lucis 
seu  PolUcis  loiif/Hs,  (F.)  Peroneo-phalangien  du 
gro8  orteil,  Lon<j  flechisseur  du  gros  orteil,  Peroneo- 
smis-Phalangettien  c/«  ^9o«ce,— (Ch.)  It  is  situate 
at  the  posterior  and  profound  part  of  the  leg.  It 
arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  fibula  and 
the  interosseous  ligament,  and  is  inserted,  by 
means  of  a  long  tendon,  into  the  inferior  part  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe.  It  bends  the 
third  phalanx  on  the  first,  and  this  upon  the  cor- 
responding metatarsal  bone.  It  augments  the 
concavity  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and  extends  the 
foot  on  the  leg. 

Flexor  Parvus  Min'imi  Dig"iti,  F.  brevis 
minimi  digiti  manils,  Abductor  minimi  digiti,  Hy- 
poth'eno.r  Riola'ni  seu  minimi  digiti,  (F.)  Carpo- 
phalangien  dit,  petit  doigt — (Ch.),  Court  flechisseur 
du  petit  doigt.  It  arises  from  the  anterior  an- 
nular ligament  of  the  carpus  and  the  process  of 
the  OS  unciforme,  and  is  inserted  at  the  inner  side 
of  the  superior  extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of 
the  little  finger.  It  bends  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
little  finger. 

Flexor  Perpoeans,  F.  profundus  perforans — 
f.  Perforatus,  F.  sublimis  perforatus  —  f.  Primi 
internodii,  Opponens  pollicis — f.  Primi  internodii 
digitorum  manfis,  Lumbricalis  manfis — f.  Primi 
et  secundi  ossis  pollicis,  F.  brevis  pollicis  manfls. 
Flexor  Profhn'dus  Per'forans,  F.  Profun- 
dus seu  Per'forans  seu  ter'tii  interno'dii  digito'- 
rummantis,  Perforans  manHs  ;  (F. )  Cubito-phalan- 
gettien  commun  —  (Ch.),  Flechisseur  profond  des 
doigts.  A  thick,  flat,  long  muscle,  seated  beneath 
the  Flexor  sublimis  2}erforatus.  Its  upper  extremity 
is  simple,  and  arises  from  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
ulna  and  from  the  interosseus  ligament.  Its  infe- 
rior extremity  terminates  by  four  tendons,  which, 
after  having  passed  through  slits  in  the  sub- 
limis, are  inserted  into  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
last  phalanges  of  the  four  fingers.  It  bends 
the  third  phalanges  on  the  second,  and,  in  other 
respects  has  the  same  use  as  the  flexor  sublimis 
perforatus. 

Flexor  Secundi  Internodii  Digitorum  Pedis, 
F.  brevis  digitorum  pedis — f.  Tertii  internodii,  F. 
longus  pollicis  manfls — f.  Tertii  internodii  digito- 
rum manus,  F.  profundus  perforans — f.  Tertii  in- 
ternodii digitorum  pedis,  F.  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans  —  f.  Ossis  metacarpi 
pollicis,  Opponens  pollicis  —  f.  Perforatus  pedis, 
F.  brevis  digitorum  pedis — f.  Sublimis,  F.  brevis 
digitorum  pedis. 

Flexor  Subli'mis  Perfora'tus,  F.  Perfora'- 
tus,  {"E.) ^Flechisseur  sublime  ou  snperficiel  des 
doigts,  Epitroklo-phalangiuien  commxn,  —  (Ch.) 
It  is  a  thick,  flat,  muscle,  seated  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  forearm.  Its  upper  extremity,  which 
is  simple,  arises  from  the  internal  condyle  of  the 
OS  humeri;  —  from  the  coronoid  process  of  the 
ulna,  and  from  the  anterior  edge  of  the  radius. 
Its  lower  extremity  divides  into  four  tendons, 
which  slide  under  the  anterior  annular  ligament 
oi  the  carpus,  and  are  inserted  into  the  second 
phalanges  of  the  last  four  fingers,  after  having 
been  slit  to  allow  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  pro- 
fundus to  pass  through  them.  This  muscle  bends 
the  second  phalanges  on  the  first;  these  on  the 
carpal  bones,  and  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

FLEXURA,    Curvature— f.   Iliaca,    Sigmoid 
flexure — f.  Sigraoidea,  Sigmoid  flexure. 
FLICK.  Epiploon. 
FLIXWEED,  Sisymbrium  sophia. 
FLOATING,  Ha;raorrbagiH. 


FLOCCI,  see  Villous  membranes — f.  Volitantes, 
see  Metamorphopsia. 

FLOCCILATIOX,  Carphologia. 
FLOCCILEGIUM,  Carphologia. 
FLOCCITATION,  Carphologia. 
FLOCCORUM  VENATIO,  Carphologia. 
FLOCCULI,  see  Villous  membranes. 
FLOCCULUS;  diminutive  oi  floccus,  '  a  lock 
of  wool'- — -Pneumogas' trie  loh'ule,  Lob'ulus  pneii- 
mogas'tricus.      A  long  and   slender  prominence, 
extending  from  the  side  of  the  vallecula  around 
the  corpus  restiforme  to  the  crus  cerebelli,  lying 
behind  the  filaments  of  the  pneumogastric  nerves. 
FLOR  BE  JUSTE  LA,  see  Mistura. 
FLORENCE,  CLIMATE  OP.     This  agreeable 
Italian  city  is  by  no  means  a  favourable  residence 
for  the  phthisical  invalid.     Sir  James  Clark  af- 
firms, indeed,  that  he  does  not  know  any  class 
of  invalids  for  whom  Florence  offers  a  favourable 
residence.      It  is  subject  to  sudden  vicissitudes 
of  temperature,  and  to  cold,  piercing  winds  du- 
ring the  winter  and  spring. 

FLORES  BENZOES,  Benjamin,  flowers  of— 
f.  Boracis,  Boracie  acid  —  f.  Cosso,  see  Hagenia 
Abyssinica — f.  Macidos,  see  Myristica  moschata 
f.  Macis,  Mace — f.  Martiales,  Ferrumammoniatum 
—  f.  Salis  ammoniaci  martiales,  Ferrum  ammo- 
niatum. 

FLORIDA,  CLIMATE  OF,see  Saint  Augustine. 
Florida,  Waters  of.  Near  Long  Lake,  in 
Florida,  United  States,  which  communicates  with 
St.  John's  River  by  a  small  creek,  there  is  a  vase 
fountain  of  hot  mineral  water,  issuing  from  a 
bank  of  the  river.  From  its  odour  it  would  seem 
to  be  sulphureous. 

FLORION,  Influenza. 

FLOS,  Anthos.  A  flower.  Also,  the  finest  and 
noblest  part  of  the  body,  and  virginity. 

Flos,  Joyis,  Crocus — f.  Lactis,  Creuior  lactis — • 
f.  Salis,  Soda,  subcarbonate   of  —  f.   Sanguineus 
monardi,  Tropseolum  majus  —  f.  Trinitatis,  Viola 
tricolor — f.  Virginitatis,  Hymen. 
FLOUR,  COLD,  Pinoli. 

Flour,  Patent,  Jones's.     A  farinaceous  pre- 
paration, which  is  said  to  consist  of  wheat-flour, 
with  tartaric  acid  and  carbonate  of  soda. 
Flour,  Potato,  see  Solanum  tuberosum. 
FLOWER  DE  LUCE,  Iris  Germanica. 
FLOWERS,  Flores,  (F.)  Fleurs.     The  ancient 
chymists  gave  this  name  to  different  solid  and 
volatile  substances  obtained  by  sublimation.  The 
term  is  not  yet  entirely  banished  from  chymieal 
and  medical  language,  as  Flowers  of  Benjamin, 
Flowers  of  Sulphur,  &c. 
Flowers,  Menses. 

Flowers,  Four  Carmin'ative,  Quat'uor  floreg 
carminati'vi,  were  chamomile,  dill,  fever-few,  and 
melilot. 

Flowers,  Four  Cor'dial,  Quat'uor  flores  cor- 
di'a'les,  were  formerly,  borage,  bugloss,  roses,  and 
violets. 

FLUCTUATIO,  Fluctuation— f.  Aurium,  Tin- 
nitus aurium. 

FLUCTUA'TION,  Fluctua'tio,  from  fnctnare, 
fluctuatum,  (fluctus,  'a  wave,')  'to  undulate.' 
Undula'tio,  (F.)  Oiidnlution.  The  undulation 
of  a  fluid  collected  in  any  natural  or  artificial 
cavity,  which  is  felt  by  pressure  or  by  percussion, 
properly  practised  —  peripheric  fluctuotion.  In 
ascites,  the  fluctuation  is  felt  by  one  of  the  hands 
being  applied  to  one  side  of  the  abdomen  whilst 
the  other  side  is  struck  with  the  other  hand.  In 
abscesses,  fluctuation  is  perceived  by  pressing  on 
the  tumour,  with  one  or  two  fingers  alternately, 
on  opposite  points. 

Fluctuation,  Peripheric,  see  Fluctuation — f. 
Rhonchal,  see  Rhonchal  —  f.  by  Succussion,  see 
Succussion. 
FLUELLEN,  Antirhinum  elatine. 


FLUELLIN 


398 


FCETAL 


3.  Exhaled  or 
Perspiratory. 


4.  Follicular. 


5.   Glandular 


FLUELLIN,  Veronica. 

FLUEURS,  Menses — /.  Blanches,  Leucor- 
rhcea. 

FLUID,  Flu'idus,  from fluere,  'to  flow.'  The 
human  body  is  chiefly  composed  of  fluids.  If 
one,  weighing  120  pounds,  be  thoroughly  dried 
in  an  oven,  the  remains  will  be  found  not  to 
weigh  more  than  12  or  13  pounds;  so  that  the 
proportion  of  fluids  to  liquids  in  the  body  is 
about  9  or  10  to  1. 

Table  op  Fluids  of  the  Human  Body. 

1.  Blood. 

2.  Lymph. 
f  Transpiration   of  the  mucous, 

serous,  and  synovial  mem- 
branes ;  of  the  areolar  mem- 
brane; of  the  adipous  cells; 
of  the  medullary  membrane; 
of  the  interior  of  the  thyroid 
gland;  of  the  thymus;  supra- 
renal capsules;  eye;  ear; 
vertebral  canal,  &c. 
Sebaceous  humour  of  the  skin  ; 
cerumen  ;  gum  of  the  eye ; 
mucus  of  the  mucous  glands 
and  follicles ;  that  of  the 
tonsils,  of  the  glands  of  the 
cardia,  the  environs  of  the 
anus,  the  prostate,  (fee. 
Tears;  saliva;  pancreatic  fluid; 
bile;  cutaneous  transpiration; 
urine;  fluid  of  the  glands  of 
Cowper;  sperm;  milk;  of 
the  testes  and  mamm^  of 
the  new-born  child. 
Fluid,  Burnett's  Disinfecting,  see  Burnett 
• — f.  Cephalo-rachidian,  Cephalo- spinal  fluid 
—  f.  Cephalo -spinal,  Cephalo -spinal  fluid — f. 
Cerebro-spinal,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid — f.  Deodo- 
rizing, EUerman's,  see  Ellerman  —  f.  Ledoyen's 
Disinfecting,  see  Ledoyen — f.  of  Scarpa,  Vitrine 
auditive  —  f.  Subaraehnoidean,  Cephalo-spinal 
fluid. 

FL  HIDE  SEMINAL,  Sperm. 
FLUIDUM   NERVEUM,    Nervous    fluid  — f. 
Cerebro-spinale,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid. 

FLUKE,  Distoma  hepaticum — f.  Liver,  Disto- 
ma  hepaticum. 

FLUMEN  DYSENTERICUM,  Dysentery. 
FLUMMERY,  (Scotch)  Sowens.  A  preparation 
of  oatmeal,  which  forms  a  light  article  of  food 
during  convalescence.  It  may  be  made  as  fol- 
lows:— Take  of  oatmeal  or  groats,  a  quart.  Rub 
with  two  quarts  of  hot  water,  and  let  the  mixture 
Stand  until  it  becomes  sour;  then  add  another 
quart  of  hot  water,  and  strain  through  a  hair  sieve. 
Let  it  stand  till  a  white  sediment  is  deposited ; 
decant,  and  wash  the  sediment  with  cold  water. 
Boil  this  with  fresh  water  till  it  forms  a  mucilage, 
stirring  the  whole  time. 

FLUOR,  Flux — f.  Albus  Intestinorum,  Coeliae 
flux — f,  Albus  malignus.  Gonorrhoea  impura  —  f. 
Muliebris,  Leucorrhoea  —  f.  Muliebris  non  Galli- 
cus,  Leucorrhoea  —  f.  Sanguinis  pulmonum,  Has- 
moptysis — f.  Sanguinis  vesicse,  Cystorrhagia. 

FLUSH,  Flushing,^  (F.)  Eougeurs,  Boiiffee  de 
Chaleur ;  from  (G.)  *Fliessen,  'to  flow.'  The 
temporary  redness  and  heat  produced  by  accumu- 
lation of  blood  in  the  capillaries  of  the  face  ;  as 
the  sudden  'flush'  or  '  blush  of  emotion  :'  the  'flush 
of  hectic' 

FLUX,  Fluxus,  Proflu'vium,  Fluor,  iromfluere, 
'  to  flow.'  A  discharge.  Ehysis.  In  nosology, 
it  comprises  a  series  of  affections,  the  principal 
symptom  of  which  is  the  discharge  of  a  fluid, 
Generally  it  is  employed  for  dysentery. 

Flux,  Bil'ious,  Fluxus  bilio'sus.    A  discharge 


of  bile,  eitlier  by  vomiting  or  by  stool,  or  by  both, 
as  in  cholera. 

Flux,  Bloody,  Dysentery  — /.  de  Bouche,  Sa- 
livation — /.  Bronchique,  Bronohorrhoea — /.  Dy- 
senterique,  Dysentery — f.  Hemorrhoidal,  see  Hse- 
morrhois — /.  Hepatique,  Hepatirrhoea  —  f.  Men- 
strual, Menses  — /.  3Iuqueux,  Catarrh  — /.  Mu- 
queux  de  I'estomac,  Gastrorrhoea — •/.  Muqueux  de 
la  vessie,  Cystirrhcea  —  f.  Root,  Asclepias  tube- 
rosa — /.  Salivaire,  Salivation — /.  de  Sang,  Hse- 
morrhagia.  Dysentery — f.  Sebaceous,  Stearrhoea 
—  /.  de  Sperme,  Spermatorrhoea — /.  de  Sueur, 
Ephidrosis  —  f.  Weed,  Sysimbrium  sophia — /. 
d' Urine,  Diabetes — /.  de  Ventre,  Diarrhoja. 

FLUXIO,  Fluxion— f.  Alba,  Leucorrhoea  — f. 
Arthritica,  Gout — f.  Vulvffi,  Leucorrhoea. 

FLUX'ION,  Flux'io,  Afflux'us.  A  flow  of 
blood  or  other  humour  towards  any  organ  with 
greater  force  than  natural.  A  determination. 
Thus  we  say,  in  those  disposed  to  apoplexy, 
there  is  a  fluxion  or  determination  of  blood  to 
the  head. 

FLUXION  CATARRHALE,  Catarrh—/,  sur- 
les  Dents,  Odontalgia. 

FLUXION  BE  POITRINE,  (F.)  By  this 
name,  the  French  often  understand  acute  ptdmo- 
nary  catarrh,  or  pleurisy,  but  most  commonly 
peripneumnny . 

FLUXUS,  Discharge — f.  Alvinus,  Diarrhoea — 
f.  Capillorum,  Alopecia — f.  Chylosus,  Coeliae  flux 
— f.  Coeliacus,  Coeliae  flux — f.  Coeliacus  per  Bones, 
Chyluria — f.  Cruentus  cum  tenesmo,  Dysentery 
— f.  Dysentericus,  Dysentery — f.  Hepaticus,  He- 
patirrhoea, see  Hepateros  —  f.  Lientericus,  Lien- 
tery — f.  Lunaris,  Menses  —  f.  Matricis,  Leucor- 
rhoea—  f.  Menstrualis,  Menstruation  —  f.  Men- 
struus.  Menses  —  f.  Muliebris,  Leucorrhcea — f. 
Saliva,  Salivation — f.  Sebaceous,  Stearrhoea — f. 
Splenieus,  Mala3na — f.  Venereus,  Gonorrhoea  im- 
pura— f.  Ventriculi,  Gastrorrhoea. 

FLY-GOLDING,  Coccinelia  septem  punctata. 
FLY-POISON,  Amianthum  muscsetoxicum. 
FLYTRAP,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium,  Sar- 
racenia. 

FOALFOOT,  Tussilago. 

FOC'ILE.  The  name  was  formerly  given  to 
the  bones  of  the  leg,  as  well  as  to  those  of  the 
forearm. 

FociLE  Majus,  Tibia  —  f.  Inferius  sen  majns, 
Ulna — f.  Minus,  Fibula  —  f.  Minus  seu  superius, 
Radius. 
FOCUS  APOPLECTICUS,  Apoplectic  celL 
FOBCUNDATIO,  Fecundation. 
FCECUNDITAS,  Fecundity. 
FCEGUNDUS,  Fecund. 
FCEDI  COLORES,  Chlorosis. 
FCEMEN,  Perinseum. 
FCEMINA,  Female,  Woman. 
FGEMINESCENTIA,  Feminescence. 
F(ENICULUM,Anethum— f.  Aquaticum,  Phel- 
landrium  aquaticum — f.  Erraticum,  Peucedanum 
silaus  —  f.  Marinum,  Crithmum  maritimum — f. 
Officinale,  Anethum — f.  Porcinum,  Peucedanum 
— f.  Vulgare,  Anethum. 

FCENUGREEK,  Trigonella  foenum. 
FCENUM  CAMELORUM,  Juncus  odoratus— 
f.  Grascum,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FCETAB'ULUM.  An  encysted  abscess.— Mar- 
cus Aurelius  Severinus. 

FCETAL,  Foeta'lis.  Relating  to  the  foetus.  A 
name  given  to  the  parts  connected  with  the  foetus. 
Thus  we  say — the  foetal  surface  of  the  placenta, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  uterine  or  maternal 
surface. 

FcETAL  Circulation  differs  from  that  of  the 
adult  in  several  respects.  Commencing  with  the 
placenta,  where  it  probably  undergoes  some  change 
analogous  to  what  occurs  in  the  lungs  in  extra- 


FCETATION 


399 


FOLLICULI   GRAAFIANI 


nterine  existence,  the  blood  proceeds  by  the  um- 
bilical vein  as  far  as  the  liver,  where  a  part  of  it  is 
poured  into  the  vena  porta;  the  other  proceeds  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior  ;  the  latter,  having  received 
the  suphrahepatic  veins,  pours  its  blood  into  the 
right  auricle.  From  the  right  auricle,  a  part  of 
the  blood  is  sent  into  the  right  ventricle;  the  rest 
passes  directly  through  into  the  left  auricle,  by 
the  foramen  ovale.  When  the  right  ventricle 
contracts,  the  blood  is  sent  into  the  pulmonary 
artery;  but  as  the  function  of  respiration  is  not 
going  on,  no  more  blood  passes  to  the  lungs  than 
is  necessary  for  their  nutrition;  the  remainder 
goes  directly  through  the  ductus  arteriosus  into 
the  aorta.  The  blood,  received  by  the  left  auricle 
from  the  lungs,  as  well  as  that  which  passed 
through  the  foramen  ovale,  is  transmitted  into 
the  left  ventricle  ;  by  the  contraction  of  which  it 
is  sent  into  the  aorta,  and  by  means  of  the  um- 
bilical arteries,  which  arise  from  the  hypogastric, 
it  is  returned  to  the  placenta. 

FcETAL  Head.  The  diameters  of  this  at  the 
full  period  are  as  follows: — 1.  The  Bijmrietal  or 
transverse,  extending  from  one  parietal  protube- 
rance to  the  other,  and  measuring  3i  inches.  2. 
The  Temporal,  from  one  temple  to  another,  3 
inches.  3.  The  Occipt'to-mental,  from  the  occiput 
to  the  chin  ;  the  greatest  of  all,  5  inches.  4.  The 
Oeci pi  to -frontal  or  antero-posterior,  4^  or  4i 
inches.  5.  The  Cervico-hregmatic,  from  the  nape 
of  the  neck  to  the  centre  of  the  anterior  fonta- 
nelle.  6.  The  Fronto-mental,  from  the  forehead 
to  the  chin,  about  3J  inches.  7.  The  Trachelo- 
hregmatic,  from  the  front  of  the  neck  to  the  ante- 
rior fontanelle,  ?ih:  inches.  8.  The  Vertical  dia- 
meter, from  the  vertex  to  the  base  of  the  cranium. 

FcETAL  Nutrition,  Cj^otrophy. 

FCETATION,  Pregnancy. 

FCE'TICIDB,  Fceticid'ium,  from  foetus,  and 
emdere,  'to  kill;'  Aborticid'ium.  Criminal  abor- 
tion. 

F(ETIDUS,  Fetid. 

FCETOR,  Dysodia. 


FcETOR  Alaruji.  The  disagreeable  rank  odour 
exhaled  from  the  axillae. 

FcETOR  Oris,  Breath,  offensive. 

FCETUS,  Fetus,  Cye'ma,  Onus  ventris,  Sar'cina. 
'The  young  of  any  creature.'  The  unborn  child. 
(F.)  Fetus,  Faix.  By  Kw/ta,  Cye'ma,  Hippocrates 
meant  the  fecundated,  but  still  imperfect,  germ. 
It  corresponded  with  the  term  embryo,  as  now 
used  ;  whilst  e/jISpvov, '  embryo,'  signified  the  fcetus 
at  a  more  advanced  stage  of  the  utero-gestation. 
The  majority  of  anatomists  apply  to  the  germ  the 
name  embryo,  which  it  retains  until  the  third 
month  of  gestation,  and  with  some  until  the  pe- 
riod of  quickening;  whilst /ce^Ks  is  iipplied  to  it 
in  its  latter  stages.  The  terms  are,  however, 
often  used  indiscriminately.  When  the  ovule 
has  been  fecundated  in  the  ovarium,  it  proceeds 
slowly  towards,  and  enters  the  uterus,  with  which 
it  becomes  ultimately  connected  by  means  of  the 
placenta.  When  first  seen,  the  foetus  has  the 
form  of  a  gelatinous  flake,  which  some  have  com- 
pared to  an  ant,  a  grain  of  barley,  a  worm  curved 
upon  itself,  &c.  The  foetal  increment  is  very 
rapid  in  the  first,  third,  fourth,  and  sixth  months 
of  its  formation,  and  at  the  end  of  nine  months 
it  has  attained  its  full  dimensions  —  Enfant  H 
terme.  Generally,  there  is  but  one  foetus  in  utero  ; 
sometimes,  there  are  two;  rarely  three.  The 
foetus  presents  considerable  difference  in  its  shape, 
weight,  length,  situation  in  the  womb,  propor- 
tion of  its  various  parts  to  each  other,  arrange- 
ment and  texture  of  its  organs,  state  of  its  func- 
tions at  different  periods  of  gestation,  &c.  All 
these  differences  are  imix)rtant  in  an  obstetrical 
and  medico-legal  point  of  view.  The  following 
table  exhibits  the  length  and  weight  of  the  foetus 
at  different  periods  of  gestation,  on  the  authority 
of  different  observers.  Their  discordance  is  stri- 
king.  It  is  proper  to  remark,  that  the  Paris 
pound  —  Poid  de  Marc —  of  16  ounces,  contains 
9216  Paris  grains,  whilst  the  avoirdupois  contains, 
only  8532,5  Paris  grains,  and  that  the  Paris  inch 
is  1.065977  English  inch. 


At  30  days, 
2  months, 
3 

4  " 

5  " 

6  " 

7  " 

8  " 

Beck. 

Maygrfer. 

Granville. 

Beck. 

Matgrier. 

GRA?fVILLE. 

Length. 

Weight. 

3  to  5  lines 
2    inches 

5  to  6    " 

7  to  9    " 

9  to  12  " 

12  to  14  " 

16  " 

10  to  12  lines 

4  inches 

6      " 

8      " 

10      " 

12      " 

14      " 

16      " 

1  inch 
3  inches 

9  inches 
12      " 
17      " 

2  ounces 
2  to  3       " 
4  to  5       " 
9  to  10     " 

1  to  2  lbs. 

2  to  3    " 

3  to  4    " 

9  or  10  grains 
5  drachms 
2^  ounces 
7  or  8  " 
16           " 

2  pounds 

3  " 

4  " 

20  grains 
li  ounces 

1  pound 

2  to  4  " 

4  to  5  "    i 

Fcetus,  Pregnant  —  f.  in  Foetu,  Cryptodidy- 
mus. 

Fcetus  Septiiies'tris.  A  seven  months'  foetus. 

Fcetus  Zephyriuts,  Mole. 

FOIE,  Liver  — /.  d'Antimo'ine,  Oxidum  stibii 
sulphuretum — -/.  de  Soufre,  Potassae  sulphuretum. 

FOTN  DE  CHABIEAV,  Juncus  odoratus. 

FOIROLE,  Mercurialis. 

FOLIA  APALACHINES,  see  Ilex  Para- 
guensis — f.  Peraguse,  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

FOLIACEUM  ORNAMENTUM,  see  Tuba 
Fallopiana. 

FOLIE,  Insanity — -/.  Alcoolique,  Delirium  tre- 
mens— •/.  des  Ivrognes,  Delirium  tremens. 

FOLLETTE,  Atriplex  hortensis.  Influenza. 

FOL'LICLE,  Follic'ulus,  Cystis,  diminutive  of 
Follis,  a  bag.     See  Crypta. 

Follicles,  Ciliart,  Meibomius,  glands  of — 
f.  of  De  Graaf,  Folliculi  Graafiani  — f.  Hair,  see 


Hair  —  f.  of  Lieberkiihn,  see  Intestine  —  f.  Nail, 
see  Nail  —  f.  Palpebral,  Meibomius,  glands  of 
—  f.  Solitary,  Brunner's  glands — f.  Synovia/, 
Bursee  mucosae. 

FOLLICULAR,  Follie'ulous,  FoUic'idose,  Fol  ■ 
Ucxdo'sus,  (F.)  FuHicideux,  from  'follicle.'  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  a  follicle,— as  'follicida; 
inflammation,'  inflammation  affecting  crypts  04. 
follicles,  Folliculi'tis. 

Follicular  Elevations,  Tubercles,  pearly. 

FOLLICULE,  Crypta—/.  Ciliaire,  Meibomius, 
gland  of — f.  Cerumineuse,  Ceruminous  glands—^ 
/.  Dentaire,  Dental  follicle—/.  Palpebral,  Meibo- 
mius, glands  of. 

FOLLICULES  DE  GBAAF,  Folliculi  Graaf- 
iani. 

FOLLICULI  GRAAFIA'NI,  F.  Ova'rii,  Owt 
seu  O'vula  Graafia'na,  Follicles  or  Vesicles  of  De 
Graaf,  Graafian  or  Ova'rian  vea'ieles,  (¥.)    '    ■ 


FOLLICULITIS 


400 


FOEAMEN 


licules  ou  Vesicules  de  Oraaf.  Small  spherical 
vesicles  in  the  stroma  of  the  ovary,  which  have 
at  least  two  coats:  the  outer  termed  ovicapsxde 
and  tunic  of  the  ovisac,  tu'nica  jibro'sa  and  theca 
follic'ull:  the  latter,  ovisac  and  memhra'ini  pro- 
pria;  vesicule  ovidifere  of  M.  Pouchet.  See 
Membrana  granulosa.  They  exist  in  the  foetus. 
The  ovum — ovule  of  some — is  contained  in,  and 
formed  by,  them. 

Kolliker  terms  the  follicles  themselves,  O'visacs, 
Ovisae'ci.  The  interior  of  the  follicles  contains 
a  cl  ar,  light  yellowish  fluid — liquor  foUic' uli — of 
the  density  of  the  serum  of  the  blood,  in  which 
are,  almost  alwaj's,  isolated  granules,  nuclei  and 
cells,  which  appear  to  be  detached  portions  of  the 
membrana  granulosa. 

FoLLicuLi  Ovarii,  Folliculi  Graafiani  —  f.  Ro- 
tundi  et  Oblongi  cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi  glandulaj 
— f.  Sanguinis,  Globules  of  the  blood — f.  Sebacei, 
Sebaceous  glands  —  f.  Sebacei  coronse  glandis, 
see  Sebaceous  glands. 

FOLLICULITIS,  Follicular  inflammation. 
FOLLICULOSE  GLAND,  Grypta. 
FOLLICULUS,  Vulva. 

FoLLic'uLUS  A'eris,  Air-ehaiiiber.  A  space  at 
the  larger  end  of  the  bird's  egg,  formed  by  a  se- 
paration of  the  two  layers  of  the  shell  membrane, 
which  is  inservient  to  the  respiration  of  the  young 
being. 

FoLLicuLUS  Dentis,  Dental  Follicle — f.  Fellis, 
Gall-bladder — f.  Genitalis,  Scrotum — f.  Mucosus, 
see  Crypta — f.  Pili,  see  Hair. 

FOMENT,  Fove're,  (F.)  JStnver,  Bassiner.  To 
apply  a  fomentation  to  a  part. 

FOMENTA'TION,  Fomenta'tio,  Fotns,  Py'ria, 
Thermas' ma,  Chlias'ma,  JEone'sis,  Perfu'sio,  As- 
jter'aio,  Fomen'tum,  [q\xn.s\fovimei\fum,)  from/o- 
vere,  'to  bathe.'  (F.)  Hydrole,  Hydrolotif.  A 
son  of  partial  bathing,  by  the  application  of 
cloths  which  have  been  previously  dipped  in  hot 
water,  or  in  some  medicated  decoction.  They 
act,  chiefly,  by  virtue  of  their  warmth  and  mois- 
ture, except  in  the  case  of  narcotic  fomentations, 
where  some  additional  eifect  is  obtained. 

A  dry  fomentation,  Fomen'tnm  siccum,  Lec'tnlus 
medica'tus,  is  a  warm,  dry  application  to  a  part ; 
—  as  a  hot  brick,  wrapped  in  flannel;  —  a  bag, 
half  filled  with  chamomile  flowers  made  hot,  etc. 
Fomentation  Herbs,  Herhas  pro  fotn.  The 
herbs,  ordinarily  sold  under  this  title  by  the  Eng- 
lish apothecar}',  are — southernwood,  tops  nf  sea 
wormwood,  chamomile  floioers,  each  two  parts;  bay 
leaves,  one  part,  ^iijss  of  these  to  Ovj  of  water. 
FOMENTUM,  Fomentation  —  f.  Siccum,  see 
Fomentation. 

FOMES  MORBL  F.  mall.  Tha  focus  or  seat 
of  any  disease.     (F.)   Foyer. 

FoMES  Ventriculi,  Hypochondriasis,  Spleen. 
FOM'ITES,  plural  oi  fomes,  fomitis,  'fuel,  any 
thing  which  retains  heat.'  Enans'ma,  Zop'yron. 
A  term  applied  to  substances  which  are  supposed 
to  retain  contagiovis  effluvia;  as  woollen  goods, 
feathers,  cotton,  &c. 

FONCTION,  Function. 
FONCTIONNEL,  Functional. 
FONT),  Fundus. 

FONDAMENTAL,  Fundamental, 
FONDANT,  Solvent. 
FONDEMENT,  Anus. 
FONDLING,  Idiot. 
FONGIFORME,  Fungoid. 
FONGOTDE,  Fungoid. 
FONGOSITE,  Fungosity. 
FONOUEVX,  Fungous. 

FONGUS,  Fungus—/.  MeduUaire,  Encepha- 
loid. 


FONS,  Fontanella  —  f.  Laorymarum,  see  Can- 
thus — f.  Medicatus,  Water,  mineral — f.  Pulsans, 
Fontanella  —  f.  Pulsatilis,  Fontanella — f.  Saluta- 
ris.  Water,  mineral  —  f  Soterius,  Water,  mineral 
— f.  Vitalis,  Centrum  vitale. 

FONSANGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Fonsange  is  situated  near  Nismes  in  France. 
The  water  is  sulphuretted. 
FONTAINE  DE  LA  TJSTE,  see  Fontanella. 
FONTA'NA,  CANAL  OF.  A  canal  of  a  tri- 
angular  shape,  at  the  inner  side  of  the  ciliary 
circle;  partly  formed  by  the  groove  at  the  inner 
edges  of  the  cornea  and  sclerotica. 

FONTANEL'LA.  A  /oH/aneZ;  — diminutive 
of  fons,  fontis,  '  a  fountain.'  (F.)  Fontanelle. 
Fons,  F.  2}vlsat'ilis  seu  pulsans,  Vertex  paU- 
pitans.  Bregma,  Fontic'idus,  Lacu'na,  llonld. 
The  openinrj  of  the  head.  A  name,  given  to  a 
space  occupied  by  a  cartilaginous  membrane,  in 
the  foetus  and  new-born  child,  and  situate  at  the 
union  of  the  angles  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium. 
There  are  six  fontanels.  1.  The  great  or  si)icip'- 
itrd  or  anterior,  fontic'ulus  quadrangula'rls,  Fon- 
taine dela  Tete,  situate  at  the  junction  of  the 
sagittal  and  coronal  sutures.  2.  The  small  or 
bregmat'ic  or  posterior,  situate  at  the  part  where 
the  posterior  and  superior  angles  of  the  parietal 
bones  unite  with  the  upper  part  of  the  os  ocei- 
pitis.  3.  The  two  sphenoidal,  in  the  temporal 
fossse:  and,  4.  The  two  mastoid,  or  of  Casserius, 
Fontic'uli  masto'ides  seu  Casse'rii,  at  the  union 
of  the  parietal,  occipital,  and  temporal  bones. 

FONTE,  Colliquation. 

FONTES,  see  Fons— f.  Medicati  Plumbarii, 
Plombieres,  mineral  waters  of — f.  Sulphurei  ca- 
lidi,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphureous. 

FONTICULE  A  POIS,  see  Fonticulus. 

FONTIC'ULUS,  Fontanel'la,  Exuto'rium,  E.i'- 
ntory.  Issue,  (F.)  Fonticnle,  Cautere,  Exutoire. 
Diminutive  of  fons,  fontis,  'a  fountain.'  A  small 
ulcer  produced  by  art,  either  by  the  aid  of  caus- 
tics or  of  cutting  instruments;  the  discharge  from 
which  is  kept  up  with  a  view  to  fulfil  certain  the- 
rapeutical indications.  The  Pea  issue,  (F.)  Fon- 
ticnle d  pois,  is  kept  up  by  means  of  a  pea  placed 
in  it.  This  pea,  (F.)  Pois  d  cautere,  is  sometimes 
formed  of  wa.x ;  at  others,  the  young,  blasted 
fruit  of  the  orange  is  employed.  The  common 
dried  garden  pea  answers  the  purpose.  The  seton 
is  also  an  issue. 

FoNTicuLXTS  Casserii,  see  Fontanella — f.  Mas- 
toideus,  see  Fontanella  —  f.  Quadrangularis,  see 
Fontanella. 

FOOD,  Aliment — f.  Farinaceous,  see  Farina- 
ceous— -f.  of  the  Gods,  Asafoetida. 

Food,  Prince  op  Wales's.  A  farinaceous  pre- 
paration, which  is  used  in  the  same  eases  as  ar- 
row-root, is  said  to  consist  entirely  of  potato- 
flour. 

FOOL'S  STONES,  MALE,  Orchis  mascula 

FOOT,  Pes— f.  Flat,  see  Kyllosis— f.  Griffon's, 
Grvphius  pes. 

FOOTLING  CASE.  A  presentation  of  the  foot 
or  feet  in  parturition. 

FORA'MEN,  Trema,  from  foro,  'I  pierce.' 
Ardos,  (F.)  Tron.  Any  cavity,  pierced  through 
and  through.     Also,  the  orifice  of  a  canal. 

Foramen  Alveolare  Anteeius,  see  Palatine 
canals — f.  Alveolare  posterius,  see  Palatine  canals 
—  f.  Amplum  pelvis,  Obturatorium  foramen — f. 
Anonymum  Ferreinii,  see  Aquseductus  Fallopii 
— f  Aquseductus  Fallopii,  F.  stylomastoideum  — 
f.  Auditorium  externum,  see  Auditor}'  canal,  ex- 
ternal— ^f.  Auditorium  internum,  see  Auditory 
canal,  internal — f.  of  Bichat,  see  Canal,  arachnoid 
— f.  of  Dotal,  see  Dotal  foramen— f.  Ca?cum  ossis 
maxillaris  superioris,  see  Palatine  canals. 

Foramen   C^cum  of  the  Medul'la   Oblon- 


FORATIO 


401 


FORMICA 


GATA  or  of  ViCQ.  d'Azyr;  (Fr.)  Trou  horgne.  A 
tolerably  deep  fossa  at  the  point  where  the  me- 
dian furrow  at  the  anterior  surface  of  the  me- 
dulla oblongata  meets  the  pons. 

Foramen  Caecum  of  the  Tongue,  see  Caecum 
foramen,  and  Tongue  —  f.  Carotid,  see  Carotica 
foramina. 

Fora'men  Centra'le  et  Limbus  Lu'teus  Ret'- 
IN^.  The  central  foramen  and  yellow  spot  of  the 
retina;  discovered  by  Scimmering  ;  Mac'ula  lu'- 
tea,  flavu  seu  au'rea,  (F.)  Tache  jaune.  It  is 
situate  about  two  lines  to  the  outside  of  the  optic 
nerve,  and  in  the  direction  of  the  axis  of  the  eye. 

FoRAiiEN  Commune  Anterius,  Vulva — f.  Com- 
mune posterius,  see  Anus — -f.  Condyloid,  see  Con- 
dyloid— f.  Conjugationis,  see  Conjugation — f.  Eth- 
moideuni,  Orbitar  foramen,  internal — f.  Incisivum, 
see  Palatine  canal  —  f.  Infraorbitarium,  see  Sub- 
orbitar  canal  —  f.  Infrapubianum,  Obturatorium 
foramen — f.  Jugulare,  Lacerum  posterius  foramen 

—  f.  Lacerum  in  basi  cranii,  Lacerum  posterius 
foramen  — f.  Lacerum  inferius.  Sphenomaxillary 
fissure  —  f.  Lacerum  superius.  Sphenoidal  fissure 
— f.  Magnum,  see  Occipital  bone — f.  Mastoid,  see 
Mastoid  foramen — f.  Mental,  see  Mental  foramen. 

Foramen  of  Monro,  Fora'men  Monroia'num. 
An  opening  behind  the  anterior  pillar  of  the  for- 
nix, somewhat  above  the  anterior  commissure, 
by  which  the  third  ventricle  communicates  with 
the  lateral  ventricle;  so  called  after  the  second 
Monro. 

Foramen  op  Morgagni,  see  Coecum  foramen 
and  Tongue — f.  Obturatorium,  Obturator  foramen 

—  f.  Oculi,  Pupil' — -f.  QSsophageum  (of  the  dia- 
phragm,) see  ffisophagus,  and  (Esophageal  aper- 
ture of  the  diaphragm  —  f.  Codes,  Ovale  foramen 

—  f.  Opticum,  Optic  foramen  —  f.  Opticum  Cho- 
rioidese,  see  Optic  nerves  —  f.  Orbitarium  inter- 
num, Orbitar  foramen,  internal  —  f.  Orbitarium 
superius,  Orbitar  foramen,  superior,  F.  supra- 
orbitarium  —  f.  Ovale,  Botal  foramen.  Fenestra 
ovalis,  Obturatorium  foramen.  Ovale  foramen — f. 
Ovale,  patency  of  the,  see  Cyanopathy — f.  Pala- 
tinum  anterius,  see  Palatine  canals — f.  Palatinum 
posterius,  see  Palatine  canals — f.  Palato-maxil- 
lare,  see  Palatine  canals — f.  Rotundum,  Fenestra 
rotunda — f.  Spheno-spinosum,  Spinale  forauien — 
f.  Spinale,  Spinal  foramen — f.  Spinosum,  Spinal 
foramen — f.  Tarini,  see  Aquseductus  Fallopii  — 
f.  Thyroideum,  Obturatorium  foramen  —  f.  of 
Winslow,  Hiatus  of  Winslow. 

Foramina  Cribrosa,  see  Cribratus. 

Foram'ina  Thebe'sii.  Openings  resembling 
vascular  orifices,  found  below  the  orifice  of  the 
vena  cava  superior  in  the  right  auricle,  which  are 
supposed  to  be  the  openings  of  veins. 

FORATIO,  Trepanning. 

FORCE,  horn  fortis,  'strong.'  Vh,  Poten'tia, 
Energi'a,  Dy'namis,  Cratos.  Any  power  which 
produces  an  action.  Those  powers  which  are  in- 
herent in  organization  are  called  vital  forces.  We 
say,  also,  organic  force,  and  muscular  force,  to 
designate  that  of  the  organs  in  general,  or  of  the 
muscles  in  particular.  To  the  latter  the  word 
Dynamis,  Svvaixig,  corresponds;  and  the  absence  of 
this  force  is  termed  adyna'mia.  The  vital  forces 
have  to  be  carefully  studied  by  the  pathologist. 
The  doctrine  cf  diseases  is  greatly  dependent  on 
their  augmentation  or  diminution;  freedom  or 
oppression,  &c. 

Force  of  Assimilation,  Plastic  force — f.  Cata- 
lytic, see  Catalysis — -f.  Cell,  see  Cell  force — f.  of 
Formation,  Plastic  force  —  f.  Germ,  Plastic  force 
— /.  lledicatrice,  Vis  medicatrix  —  f.  Metabolic, 
see  Metabolic  force — f.  of  Nutrition,  Plastic  force 
■ — f.  Osmotic,  see  Osmotic  force — f.  of  Vegetation, 
Plastic  force — f.  Vital,  Vis  vitalis— ;/".  Vitale,  Vis 
vitalis. 

FORGE-REAL,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 


The  name  of  a  mountain,  situate  four  leagues 
from  Perpignan  in  France.  The  water  is  chaly- 
beate. 

FORCEPS,  quasi,ferriceps,  from/errjon,  'iron,' 
and  capio,  '1  take.'  Pincers,  Labis,  Volsel'ls. 
An  instrument,  for  removing  bodies  which  it 
would  be  inconvenient  or  impracticable  to  seize 
with  the  fingers.  (F.)  Pince,  Pincette.  There 
are  various  kinds  of  forceps,  1.  The  ordinary 
kind,  contained  in  every  dressing-case,  for  re- 
moving lint,  &c.  from  wounds  or  ulcers.  (F.)  Pin- 
ce d  pansement  ou  d  anneatix.  2.  Dissecting  or 
Lig'ature  or  Arte'rial  Forceps,  (F.)  Pince  d  dis- 
section, P.  d  ligature,  to  lay  hold  of  delicate  parts. 
3.  Pol'ypus  Forceps,  Tooth  Forceps,  Forceps  of 
3Iuseux  for  laying  hold  of  the  tonsils  or  other 
parts  to  be  removed.  4.,  The  Bullet  Forceps, 
Stromhul'cus,  (F.)  Tirehalle.  5.  The  Lithot'omy 
Forceps,  Lithol'ahon,  Lithago'gum,  Tenac'ula, 
Volsel'la,  which  resembles  the  Craniotomy  For- 
ceps, (F.)  Tenettes.  6.  The  Cataract  Forceps,  (F.) 
Pirtce  d  Cotaracte,  resembling  the  dissecting  for- 
ceps, but  much  finer.  7.  The  Pince  d  gaine,  the 
branches  of  which  can  be  brought  together,  and 
retained  by  a  movable  sheath. 

Forceps  is  also  an  instrument  used  by  obstetri- 
cal practitioners  to  embrace  the  head,  and  bring 
it  through  the  pelvis.  It  consists  of  two  branches, 
blades  or  levers;  one  of  which,  in  the  case  of  the 
short  forceps,  is  passed  over  the  ear  of  the  child, 
and  the  other  opposite  the  former,  so  that  the 
blades  may  lock.  When  the  head  is  securely  in- 
cluded between  the  blades,  the  operation  of  ex- 
traction can  be  commenced.     See  Parturition. 

Forceps,  see  Corpus  callosum — f.  Anterior,  see 
Corpus  callosum  —  f.  Arterial,  see  Forceps  —  f. 
Bullet,  see  Forceps  —  f.  Craniotomy,  see  Forceps 
—  f.  Deceptoria,  see  Forceps  —  f.  Lithotomy,  see 
Forceps — f.  of  Museux,  see  Forceps — -f.  Polypus, 
see  Forceps— f.  Tooth,  see  Forceps. 

FORD'S  BALSAM  OF  HOREIIOUND,  see 
Balsam  of  horehound. 

FOREARM,  Antibra'chium,  Pygme,  Pars  infe'- 
rior  hra'chii,  Cu'bitus,  (F.)  Avant-bras.  The  part 
of  the  upper  extremity,  comprised  between  the 
arm  and  the  hand.  It  is  composed  of  two  bones 
— radius  and  ulna — and  20  muscles. 

FOREFRONT,  Front. 

FOREHEAD,  Front. 

FORE-MILK,  Colostrum. 

FOREIGN  BODY,  Extraneous  body. 

FORENSIC  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy  — f. 
Medicine,  Medicine,  legal. 

FORES,  Genital  organs. 

FORESKIN.  Prepuce. 

FORETOP,  Front. 

FORFEX,  Ciseau,  Scissors — f.  Dentaria,  Den- 
tagra. 

FORPIC'ULA  AURICULA'RIA,  Eanoig.  An 
insect  of  the  Order  Orthoptera,  which  occasion- 
ally enters  the  meatus  auditorius  externus,  and 
excites  intense  pain.  It  may  be  destroyed  by 
tobacco-smoke,  or  by  oil  poured  into  the  meatus. 

FORGES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Forges 
is  situate  four  leagues  from  Gournay,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Seine  Inferieure,  France.  There 
are  three  springs,  which  are  acidulous  chaly- 
beates.  These  are  called  Royal,  ReinMe,  and  Car- 
dinal, in  honor  of  Louis  XIII.,  Queen  Anne  of 
Austria,  and  Cardinal  Richelieu,  who  used  them. 

FORMATIVE,  Plastic. 

FORMI'CA,  Myrmex.  The  ant  or  pismire. 
(F.)  Fourmi.  It  contains  an  acid  juice  and  gross 
oil,  which  were  formerly  extolled  as  aphrodisiacs. 
The  chrysalides  of  the  animal  are  said  to  be 
diuretic  and  carminative;  and  have  been  used  in 
dropsy.  2.  Also  the  name  of  a  black  wart,  ver- 
ru'ca  formica'ria,  with  a  broad  base  and  cleft 
surface;  so  called  because  the  pain  attending  it 


FORMICANT 


402 


FOSSETTE 


resembles  the  Mting  of  an  ant,  nv^jinKia,  myrme'- 
c^a.  —  Forestus.  3.  A  varicose  tumour  on  the 
anus  and  glans  penis.     4.  Miliary  herpes. 

FoBJiiCA  Ambclatoria,  Herpes  circinatus  — 
f.  Corrosiva,  Herpes  exedens. 

FORM'ICANT,  Fonni'cans,  Myrme'cizon,  from 
formica,  'an  ant.'  (F.)  Fourmillant.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  the  pulse,  Pulsus  formi'cans,  when 
extremely  small,  scarcely  perceptible,  unequal, 
and  communicating  a  sensation  like  that  of  the 
motion  of  an  ant  through  a  thin  texture. 

FORMICA'TIOjSf,  Formica'tio,  Jhjrmeeias'- 
mus,  Jft/rmecx'asis,  Myrmecis'mus,  Myrmeco'sis, 
Stupor  formi'cans.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Four- 
miUement.  A  pain,  compared  with  that  which 
■would  be  caused  by  a  number  of  ants  creeping 
on  a  part. 

FORMIX,  Herpes  esthiomenus. 
FORMULA,   Prescription  —  f.  Extemporanea, 
see  Magistral  — f.  Magistralis,  see  Magistral  — f. 
Medica,  Prescription  —  f.  Officinalis,  see  Magis- 
tral. 

FORM'ULARY,  Formula' rium,  Xai-fhe'eia, 
Narthe'cium,  Narthex.  From  formularius,  (di- 
minutive oi  forma,  'form').  One  skilled  in  pre- 
paring -writs  or  forms  of  process. — Quintilian.  A 
collection  of  medical  formulae  or  receipts. 
FORMULE,  Prescription. 
FORMYL,  PERCHLORIDE  OF.  Chloro- 
form. • 

FORMYLE,  lODURE  DE,  Iodoform. 
FORNIX,  'an  arch  or  vault.'     F.  cer'ehri  seu 
trilat'erus   seu  tricu«pida'li«,  Psalis,  Psalid'ium, 
Cam'era,  Tesfa'do  cer'ebri,  Arcus  medulla' ris,  (F.) 
Trigone   cerebral  —  (Ch.,)   Voute   a,   trois  piiiers, 
Triangle  Medullaire.     A  medullary  body  in  the 
brain,  below  the  corpus  callosum  and  above  the 
middle  ventricle,  on  the  median  line.    This  body, 
■which  is  curved  upon  itself,  terminates  anteriorly 
by  a  prolongation,  which  constitutes  its  anterior 
pillar.   Cms  seu   Colum'na  forni'cis,   (F.)  Pilier 
anterieur,  and  posteriorly  by  two  similar  prolon- 
gations,  called  posterior  pillars  or  crura.     See 
Achieolum,  and  Vault. 
Fornix  Cerebri,  Fornix. 
FORXPECKLES,  Ephelides. 
FORPEX,  Scissors. 
FORRET,  Front. 

FORSTERA'XIA  DIFFORM'IS,  EcM'tes  dif- 
form'is   seu   puher'tda;   indigenous;    Ord.  Apo- 
cynaeece  :  is  said  to  be  used  as  a  -wash  -with  milk 
to  remove  freckles.     The  juice  destroys  warts. 
FORTIFIANT.  Corroborant,  Tonic 
FORTRAITURE,  Hysteralgia. 
FORTYKNOT,  Achyranthes  repens. 
FOSSA,  Fo'vea,  from  fodio,  fossum,  '1  dig.' 
Scamma.     A  cavity  of  greater  or  less  depth,  the 
entrance  to  which  is  always  larger  than  the  base. 
The  fossee  of  bones  have  been  called  simple,  when 
they  belong  to  one  bone   only,  as  the  parietal 
fossa;    and    compound,    (F.)    Fosses   composees, 
■when  several  concur  in  their  formation,  as  the 
orhitar  fossa,  temporal  fossa,  &c. 

Fossa,  Amyg'daloid,  Amyg'daloid  excava'tion. 
The  space  between  the  anterior  and  posterior 
pillars  of  the  fauces,  which  is  occupied  by  the 
tonsils. 

Fossa  Amtn't^.  A  kind  of  bandage,  used  in 
fractures  of  the  nose;  so  called,  by  G-alen,  from 
Amyntas  of  Rhodes,  its  inventor.  It  consisted 
of  a  long  band,  applied  round  the  head,  the  turns 
of  ■which  crossed  at  the  root  of  the  nose. 
Fossa  Canina,  Canine  fossa. 
Fossa  Cerebel'li,  (F.)  Fosse  cerehelleuse.  The 
inferior  occipital  fossa,  which  lodges  the  corre- 
sponding portion  of  the  cerebellum. 

Fossa  Corona'lis,    Coro'nal  or  frontal  fossa. 


or  coronal  bone,  which  supports  the  anterior  lobe 
of  the  brain. 

Fossa  Coroxoi'dea,  Cor' onoid  fossa.   A  cavity 
before  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus,  in 
which  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna  is  engaged 
during  the  flexion  of  the  forearm. 
Fossa  Cotyloidea,  see  Cotyloid. 
Fossa,  Digas'tric,  Fossa  digas'trica.     A  deep 
groove  on  the  mastoid  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone,  which  gives  origin  to  the  digastric  muscle. 
Fossa  Ethmotda'lis,  Ethmoid  fossa.     A  shal- 
low gutter  on  the  upper  surface   of  the   cribri- 
form plate  of   the    ethmoid   bone,   in    which  is 
lodged   the  expanded   portion   of   the   olfactory 
nerves. 

Fossa  Genu,  Poples. 

Fossa  Guttura'lis,  Gut'tural  fossa.  The  de- 
pression which  forms  the  guttural  region  of  the 
base  of  the  cranium,  between  the  foramen  mag- 
num and  posterior  nares. 

Fossa  Hyaloidea,  see  Hyaloid  (Fossa)  —  f. 
Iliac,  see  Iliac  fossae — f.  Infra-orbitar,  Canine 
fossa — f.  Infra-spinous,  see  Infra-spinata  fossa. 

Fossa  Innomixa'ta.  The  space  between  the 
helix  and  antihelix  of  the  ear. 

Fossa,  Ischio-rectal,  Perineal  fossa  —  f.  Ju- 
gularis,  Jugular  fossa  —  f.  Lacrymalis,  Lachry- 
mal fossa — f.  Lenticularis,  see  Hyaloid  membrane 
—  f.  Magna  Muliebris,  Yulva  —  f.  Magna  Sylvii, 
Fissura  S3-lvii. 

Fossa,  Mental,  Fossa  menta'lis.  A  small  de- 
pression on  each  side  of  the  symphysis  on  tha 
anterior  surface  of  the  body  of  the  maxilla  infe- 
rior, for  the  attachment  of  muscles. 
Fossa  Navicclaris,  Navicular  fossa. 
Fossa  Occipita'lis,  Occip'itnl  fossa.  The 
occipital  fossje  are  four  in  number:  the  superior 
or  cerebral,  and  the  inferior  or  cerebeUous.  They 
are  separated  by  a  groove,  which  lodges  the  late- 
ral sinus. 

Fossa  Ovalis,  see  Ovalis  fossa  —  f.  Palatina, 
Palate — f.  Patellaris,  see  Hyaloid  membrane — f. 
Perinai,  Perineal  fossa — f.  Pituitaria,  Sella  Tur- 
cica. 

Fossa  Poplite'a,  PopUte'al  fossa..  The  hol- 
low of  the  ham  ; — the  popliteal  region. 

Fossa,  Portal,  see  Liver — f.  Scaphoides,  Na- 
vicularis  fossa. 

Fossa  Sigmoidea,  Sidcus  sintis  latera'lis.  A 
broad  deep  groove  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
mastoid  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  •which 
supports  part  of  the  lateral  sinus. 
Fossa,  Suborbitar,  Canine  fossa. 
Fossa,  Subpyram'idal,  F.  subpyramida'lis.  A 
deep  fossa  under  the  pyramid  and  behind  the  fe- 
nestra rotunda  in  the  middle  ear,  remarkable  for 
its  constancy,  and  pierced  by  several  foramina  at 
the  bottom. 

Fossa  Sdpra-sphenoibalis,  Pituitaria  fossa — 
f.  of  Sylvius,  Fissure  of  S. — f.  Temporalis, 
Temporal  fossa  —  f.  Transversa,  see  Liver  —  f. 
Umbilicalis,  see  Liver. 

Foss^  Cerebra'les,  Cer'ehral  fossa.  Fossae 
or  excavations  at  the  base  of  the  cranium.  They 
are  nine  in  number:  three  occupy  the  median 
line,  and  three  are  placed  at  each  side.  They  are 
distinguished  into  anterior,  middle,  and  posterior. 
Foss^  DiGiTALES,  see  Impression. 
FOSSE  BASIL  AIRE,  Basilary  fossa—/. 
Sous-epineuse,  Infra-spinata  fossa — /.  Sus-epi- 
neuse,  Fossa  supra-spinata. 

FOSSES  CONDYLOIDIENNES,  Condylo- 
idea  foramina — ■/.  Nasales,  Ouverttcres posterieitres 
des,  Nares,  posterior. 

FOSSETTE  {¥).  Diminutive  of /o«sa.  Scro- 
bic'idus,  Both'rion.  Several  depressions  are  so 
called.  A  dimpled  chin,  Fossette  du  menton,  con- 
sists in  a  slight  depression,  which  certain  persons 


A  depression  on  the  orhitar  plate  'of  the  frontal  1;  have  on  the  chin.     2.  A  dimple  of  the  cheek,  (F.) 


FOSSETTE 


403 


FR^NUM 


Fossette  des  jones,  a  depression  which  occurs  on  i 
the  cheeks  of  certain  persons  when  they  laugh. 
Scrobic'ulu9  cordis,  Ant i car' d ion,  Prmcor'dium, 
(F.)  Fossette  du  coeur.  The  depression  observed 
on  a  level  with  the  xiphoid  cartilage  at  the  ante- 
rior and  inferior  part  of  the  chest.  It  is,  also, 
called  pit  of  the  stomach,  (F.)  Grevx  de  I'estoviac. 
FOSSETTE,  Fot'sv.la,  A'nulus,  Bothrium,  is 
also  a  small  ulcer  of  the  transparent  cornea,  the 
centre  of  which  is  deep. 

FOSSETTE  ANGULAIRE  DU  QUATRI- 
EME  VENTRIGULE,  Calamus  scriptorius  — /. 
du  Coeur,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 
FOSSORIUM,  Fleam. 

FOSSULA,  Argema,  Fossa,  Fossette,  Fovea. 
FOTHERGILL'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulae  aloes  et 
colocynthidis. 

FOTUS,  Fomentation — f.  Communis,  Decoctum 
papaveris. 

FOU,  Insane. 

FOUETS,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 
FOUGERE  DOUCE,    Polypodium  — /.   Fe- 
melle,  Asplenium  filix  foemina,  Pteris  aquilina — 
f.  Grande,  Pteris  aquilina—/.  Male,  Polypodium 
fills  mas. 

FOUL  DISEASE,  Syphilis. 
FOULURE,  Sprain. 

FOUNDLING  HOSPITAL,  Brephotropheum. 
FOURCHE,  [¥.),  fourche,  'cleft;'  from/«rca, 
^a  fork.'  Aposte'ma  Phalan'gum.  A  French 
provincial  term  for  small  abscesses  which  form  on 
the  fingers  and  hands  of  working  people.  Also, 
an  instrument,  invented  by  M.  J.  L.  Petit,  for 
compressing  the  ranine  artery  in  cases  of  hemor- 
rhage from  that  vessel. 

EOUROHETTE',  diminutive  of  fourche, 
Fureil'la,  a  little  fork,  Fur' aula.  A  surgical 
instrument  used  for  raising  and  supporting  the 
tongue,  during  the  operation  of  dividing  the 
fraanum. 

Fourchette,    in  anatomy,   is,   1.  The   posterior 
commissure  of  the  labia  majora,  called  also,  Frce- 
lium,  Frcs' nuluin  puden'di,  Fur'cula  Lahio'rum ; 
2.  The  cartilago   ensiformis:    so  called  from  its 
being   sometimes    cleft   like   a   fork.     Also,   the 
semilunar   notch   at   the   superior   or  clavicular 
extremity  of  the  sternum. 
FOURMT,  Formica. 
FOURMJLLANT,  Formicant 
FOURMILLEMENT,  Formication. 
FOUSEL  OIL,  see  Oil,  fusel. 
FO'VEA, — diminutive,  Fove'ola, — from  fodio, 
'1  dig.'  [?]    Bothros.    A  slight  depression.    Fos'- 
sula.     The  pudendum  muliehre;  see  Vulva.     The 
fossa  navicidaris.     A  vapour-bath  for  the  lower 
extremities. 

Fovea  Axillaris,  Axilla  —  f.  Elliptica,  see 
Crista  Vestibuli  —  f.    Hemisphserica,    see   Crista 
Vestibuli  — -  f.  Lacrymalis,   Lachrymal  fossa  —  f. 
Oculi,  Orbit  —  f.  Ovalis,  Ovalis  fossa  —  f.  Semi- 
elliptica,  see  Crista  Vestibuli — f.  Sulciformis,  see 
Crista  Vestibuli. 
FOVEOLA,  Fovea. 
FOWER,  Syncope. 
FOXBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 
FOX&LOVE,  Digitalis. 
FO  YER,  Fomes  morbi. 
FRACTIONNEMENT,  Segmentation. 
FRACTURA,    Fracture  — f.   Dentis,    Odonto- 
clasis. 

FRACTURE,  Fraetu'ra,  from  frangere,  frac- 
tnm,  'to  break,'  'bruise.'  Catag'ma,  C.  Fraetu'ra, 
Catax'is,  Claeis,  Olasma,  Agnie,  Agma,  Diar'- 
rhage.  A  solution  of  continuity  in  a  bone,  Os- 
teoc'lasis.  A  simple  fracture  is  when  the  bone 
only  is  divided.  A  compound  fracture  is  a  divi- 
sion of  the  bone  with  a  wound  of  the  integuments 
communicating  with  the  bone, — the  bone,  indeed, 


generally  protruding.  In  a  com' minuted  fracture, 
Alphite'  don,  a\(ptTriiov,  Carye' don  Catag' ma, 
Kapi<riSov  Karayjia,  the  bone  is  broken  into  several 
pieces;  and  in  a  compilicated  fracture  there  is,  in 
addition  to  the  injury  done  to  the  bone,  a  lesion 
of  some  considerable  vessel,  nervous  trunk,  <fcc. 
Fractures  are  also  termed  transverse,  oblique,  &c., 
according  to  their  direction.  The  treatment  of 
fractures  consists,  in  general,  in  reducing  the 
fragments  when  displaced;  maintaining  them 
when  reduced;  preventing  the  symptoms  which 
may  be  likely  to  arise;  and  combating  them 
when  they  occur.  The  reduction  of  fractures 
must  be  effected  by  extension,  counter-extension, 
and  coaptation.  The  parts  are  kept  in  apposition 
by  position,  rest,  and  an  appropriate  apparatus. 
The  position  must  vary  according  to  the  kind  of 
fracture.  Commonly,  the  fractured  limb  is  placed 
on  a  horizontal  or  slightly  inclined  plane,  in  a 
state  of  extension;  or  rather  in  a  middle  state 
between  extension  and  flexion,  according  to  the 
case. 

Fracture,  Camerated,  Camerosis — -/.  en  Rave, 
Raphanedon. 

Fracture  of  the  Radius,  Barton's,  Bar- 
ton's fracture.  A  term  applied  to  a  fracture  of 
the  lower  extremity  of  the  radius,  which  com- 
mences at  the  articular  surface,  and  extends  up- 
wards for  an  inch  or  more,  to  terminate  on  the 
dorsal  aspect.  Owing  to  the  extensor  muscles 
drawing  up  the  separated  portion  of  the  bone, 
and  with  it  the  carpus,  a  deformity  results,  which 
has  been  confounded  with  simple  dislocation.  In 
consequence  of  the  fracture  having  been  well  de- 
scribed by  Dr.  John  Rhea  Barton,  of  Philadel- 
phia, it  is  often  called  after  him. 

FRACTURES  PAR  RESONNANGE,  see 
Cont.rafissura. 

FR^NA  MORGAGNII,  F.  of  the  Valve  of 
Bauhin. 

Fr^na  of  the  Valve  op  Bauhin,  (F.)  Freina 
de  la  valvule  de  Bauhin.  A  name  given  by  Mor- 
gagni  to  the  projecting  lines  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  the  extremities  of  the  two  lips  of  the  ileo- 
cojcal  valve.  They  are  also  called  Frmna  and 
Retinae' itla  Morgagn'ii. 

FRiENULUM,  see  Fra;num,  Bride  — f.  Clito- 
ridis,  Fraenum  clitoridis — f.  Epiglottidis,  Glosso- 
epiglottic  ligament — f.  Labiorum,  Fourchette — f. 
Novum,  Tajnia  semicircularis — f.  Pudendi,  Four- 
chette. 

Fr^'nulum  Veli  Medulla'ris  Anterio'ris. 
A  narrow  slip,  given  off  by  the  commissure  of  the 
encephalic  testes,  which  strengthens  the  junction 
of  the  testes  with  the  valve  of  Vieussens. 

FR^NUM,  Fre'num,  (F.)  Frein,  'a  bridle.' 
Frm'nulum,  Filel'lum,  Filamen'tum.  'A  small 
bridle.'  A  bridle.  Names  given  to  several  mem- 
branous folds,  which  bridle  and  retain  certain 
organs. 

Fr^num  Clitor'idis,  Frm'nulum  Clitor'idis, 
(F.)  Frein  du  Clitoris.  A  slight  duplicature 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  internal  portions  of 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  nymphae. 

Fr^num  Epiglottidis,  Glosso-epiglottic  liga- 
ment— f.  Glandis,  F.  Penis. 

Frjsnum  Labio'rum,  (F.)  Frein  des  levres. 
There  are  two  of  these ;  one  for  the  upper,  the 
other  for  the  lower  lip.  They  unite  these  parts 
to  the  maxillary  bone,  and  are  formed  by  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth.  Also,  the 
Fourchette. 

Fr^num  Lingua,  FrcB'nnlum  seu  Vtn'culum, 
LingucB,  Glossodes'mus,  File'tum,  (F.)  Filet  ou 
Frein  de  la  langue,  is  a  triangular  reflection, 
formed  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth, 
and  situate  between  the  inferior  paries  of  that 
cavity  and  the  inferior  surface  of  the  tongue. 


FEAGAEIA 


404 


FRAXINUS 


When  the  fraenum  extends  as  far  as  the  extre- 
mity of  the  tongue,  it  cramps  its  movements,  in- 
terferes with  sucking,  &c.  This  inconvenience 
is  remedied  by  carefully  snipping  it  with  a  pair 
of  scissors.  The  Erench  call  this  I'operation  du 
filet. 

Fb^num  Penis,  F.  seu  Frrn'mdum  seu  Vin'cu- 
lum  PrcBpu'tii,  F.  Glandis,  Cy nodes' mion,  Cyno- 
des'mus,  Vin'culum  Cani'num,  (P.)  Filet  ou  Freiii 
de  la  verge,  is  a  membranous  reflection  which 
fixes  the  prepuce  to  the  lower  part  of  the  glans. 
When  too  short,  it  prevents  the  prepuce  from 
sliding  over  the  glans. 

Fr^num  Pr^putii,  F.  Penis. 

FRAG A'RIA,  from  fragro,  '  I  smell  sweetly.' 
The  Straicberry,  Fraga'ria  vesca  seu  vulgn'ris 
seu  semperjiorens,  Chamce'batoe,  (F.)  Frahier. 
Ord.  Piosaceae.  The  fruit  is  agreeable  and  whole- 
some, and  the  roots  have  been  used  as  tonic  and 
slightly  diuretic.  The  fruit  is  the  Fragrum, 
Kotiapov,  of  the  ancients;  (F.)  Fraise. 

Fragaria  Anserina,  Potentilla  anserina  —  f. 
Pentaphyllum,  Potentilla  reptans — f.  Tormentilla 
officinalis,  Tormentilla. 

Fraga'ria  Virginia'xa,  Wikl  Strawberry. 
An  indigenous  plant,  which  has  astringent  leaves. 

FRAGHLE  VITREUM,  Fragilitas  ossium. 

FRAGIL'ITAS,  Piuptibil'itas,  irom  frango,  '1 
break.'  Fragility,  Brittleness.  The  state  of 
being  easily  broken  or  torn. 

FrAGIL'itaS  Os'sium,  Osteopsathyro'sis,  Pa- 
ros'tia  frag"ilis,  Brit'tlenes8  of  the  bones,  Fria- 
bil'ity  of  the  bones,  Frag"ile  vit'reum.  Patholo- 
gists have  given  this  name  to  the  extreme  facility 
with  which  bones  break  in  certain  diseases  of  the 
osseous  texture.  It  is  owing  to  a  deficiency  of 
the  animal  matter. 

FRAGMENT,  Frogmen' turn,  Frogmen,  Ramen'- 
tum,  from  frangere,  fractum,  'to  break.'  The 
French  use  this  term  for  the  two  portions  of  a 
fractured  bone;  thus,  they  speak  of  the  superior 
and  the  inferior  fragment. 

Fragments,  Prec"ious.  A  name  formerly 
given,  in  Pharmacy,  to  the  garnet,  hyacinth, 
emerald,  sapphire  and  topaz.  The  Arabs  falsely 
attributed  to  them  cordial  and  alixiterial  pro- 
perties. 

FRAG  ON,  Ruseus. 

FRAGUM,  see  Fragaria. 

FRAISE,  see  Fragaria. 

FRAISTER,  Fragaria. 

FRAMBOE'SIA,  Framhe'sia,  Lepra  fun r/if  era, 
from  framboise,  (F.)  'A  raspberry.'  Syph'ilis 
In'diea,  Anthra'cia  ru'bula.  Thymio'sia,  Th.  seu 
Lues  In'diea,  Vari'ola  Amboinen'sin,  Lepra  fun- 
gif'era,  Scroph'ida  Molacca'ua.  The  Yaws, 
Fpian,  Pian.  A  disease  of  the  Antilles  and  of 
Africa,  characterized  by  tumours,  of  a  contagious 
character,  which  resemble  strawberries,  rasp- 
berries, or  champignons;  ulcerate,  and  are  ac- 
companied by  emaciation,  The  Pian,  for  so  the 
Indians  call  it,  differs  somewhat  in  America  and 
Africa. 

Pian  of  Amer'ica,  Framboe'sia  America'na, 
Anthra'cia  Bu'bula  Americana,  occurs  under 
similar  circumstances  with  the  next,  and  seems 
to  be  transmitted  by  copulation.  The  tumours 
have  a  similar  form,  and  are  greater  in  propor- 
tion to  their  paucity.  In  some  cases  they  are 
mixed  with  ulcers. 

Pian  of  Guin'ea,  Framboe'sia  Guineen' sis,  An- 
thra'cia Ru'bula  Guineen'sis,  is  common  amongst 
the  negroes,  especially  in  childhood  and  youth. 
It  begins  by  small  spots,  which  appear  on  diffe- 
rent parts,  and  especially  on  the  organs  of  gene- 
ration and  around  the  anus  ;  these  spots  disap- 
pear, and  are  transformed  into  an  eschar,  to 
which  an  excrescence  succeeds,  that  grows  slowly, 
and  has  the  shape  above  described. 


The  treatment  is  nearly  the  same  in  the  two 
varieties.  The  tumours  will  yield  to  mercurial 
friction,  when  small.  When  large,  they  must  be 
destroyed  by  caustic.  In  both  cases,  mercury 
must  be  given  to  prevent  a  recurrence. 

An  endemic  disease  resembling  yaws  was  ob- 
served in  the  Feejee  Islands  by  the  medical  offi- 
cers of  the  United  States'  Exploring  Expedition. 
It  is  called  by  the  natives  Dthoke. 

Frambcesia  Illtrica,  Scherlievo — f.  Scotiea,      , 
Sibbens.  ! 

FRAMBOISE,  Rubus  idgeus. 

FRANCOLIX,  Attagen. 

FRANGES  SYNO  VTALES,  Svnovial  glands. 

FRANGIPANE.  An  article  of  food,  prepared 
by  evaporating  to  dryness,  in  a  water-bath,  milk 
mixed  with  almonds  and  sugar. 

FRAXGULA  ALNUS,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

FRANKINCENSE,  COMMON,  see  Pinus 
abies  —  f.  African  Daniellia  thurifera  —  f.  Tree, 
Daniellia  thurifera — f.  True,  Juniperus  lyeia. 

FRANZENSBAD,  FRANZBAD,  or  FRANZ- 
ENSBRUNN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  water  at  Eger,  in  Bohemia,  which 
contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  iron, 
and  carbonic  acid  gas.  The  springs  are  called 
Franzensbrunnen. 

FRAPPER,  Percuss. 

FRASERA,  Calumba,  American — f.  Carolinen- 
sis,  see  Calumba — f.  Officinalis,  see   Calumba — f. 
Vertieillata,  Calumba  American  —  f.  AYalteri,  see 
Calumba. 
.  FRATER  UTERINUS,  see  Uterinus  frater. 

FRATERNITAS,  Adelphixia. 

FRATRATIO,  Adelphixia. 

FRAXINELLA  DICTAMNUS,  Dictamnus 
albus — f.  White,  Dictamnus  albus. 

FRAXINUS  AMERICA'NA,  White  Ash;  and 

Fraxinus  Qcadeaxgula'ta,  Blue  Ash,  indi- 
genous ;  Ord.  Oleaceae ;  have  bitter  and  astrin- 
gent barks,  and  have  been  used  as  antiperiodics. 

Fraxinus  Apetala,  F.  excelsior — f.  Aurea,  F. 
excelsior — f.  Crispa,  F.  excelsior — f.  Excelsa,  F. 
excelsior. 

Frax'inus  Excel'sior.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Ash  tree,  Frax'inus  Ornus  seu  Fraxinus 
sylves'tris,  F.  apet'ala  seu  ait're.a  seu  crispa  seu 
excel'sa  seu  2J^^>'dula  seu  verruco'sa,  Biime'lia  seu 
3Incedon'ica  Fraxinus,  Bume'lia,  (F.)  Frene. 
The  fresh  bark  has  a  moderately  strong,  bitterish 
taste.  It  has  been  said  to  possess  resolvent  and 
diuretic  qualities,  and  has  been  given  in  inter, 
mittents,  and  in  gout  and  rheumatism,  and  as  an 
antidote  to  serpent  bites.  The  seeds,  called 
Birds'  tongue,  Lingua  avis,  Ornithoglos'sa,  have 
been  exhibited  as  diuretics,  in  the  dose  of  a 
drachm.  Its  sap  has  been  extolled  against 
deafness. 

Fraxinus  Floeifeka,  F.  ornus — f.  Maeedo- 
nica,  F.  excelsior. 

Fraxinus  Ornus,  F.  me'lia  seu  panicula'fa 
senjiorif'era,  Ornus  niannif  era  seu  rotundifo'Ha. 
The  systematic  name  of  the  tree  whence  manna 
flows.  This  substance  is  also  called  Manna  Cala- 
bri'na,  Ros  Calabri'nus,  Aerom'eli,  Drosom'eli, 
Drysom'eli,  Mel  ae'rium,  Sueciu  orni  cotvere'tus. 
In  Sicily,  not  only  the  Fraxinus  Ornus,  but  also 
the  F.  rotundifolia  and  F.  excelsior  are  regularly 
cultivated  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  manna, 
which  is  their  condensed  juice.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
it  is  assigned  to  Ornus  EaropcBa.  Manna  is  in- 
odorous, sweetish,  with  a  very  slight  degree  of 
bitterness ;  in  friable  flakes,  of  a  whitish  or  pale 
j-ellow  colour ;  opake,  and  soluble  in  water  and 
alcohol.  It  is  laxative,  and  is  used  as  a  pur- 
gative for  children,  who  take  it  readily  on  ac- 
count of  its  sweetness.  More  generally  it  is  em- 
ployed as  an  adjunct  to  other  purgatives.  Dose, 
^ss  to  ^ij.     Its   immediate   principle   is   called 


FRAYEUR  NOCTURNE 


405 


FRIGORIFIC 


Mannite  or  Ilannin.  This  has  been  recorametided 
by  Magendie  as  a  substitute  for  manna.  Dose, 
^ij.  for  children. 

Fraxinus  Paniculata,  F.  Ornus — f.  Quadran- 
gulata,  see  F.  Americana  —  f.  Rotundifolia,  F. 
ornus. 

FRAYEUR  NOCTURNE,  Panophobia. 

FRECKBNS,  Ephelides. 

FRECKLED,  see  Ephelides, 

FRECKLES.  Ephelides. 

FREEMAN'S  BATHING  SPIRITS,  see  Li- 
nimentura  saponis  compositum. 

FREIN,  Fraanutn  — /.  du  CUtoris.  Fraenum 
clitoridis — /.  de  la  Langiie,  Frajnum  linguae — f. 
des  Lei:res,  Frajnum  labiorum — /.  de  la  Verge, 
Frrenum  penis. 

FRETNS  DE  LA  YAL  YULE  DE  BA  UHIN, 
Frsena  of  the  valve  of  Bauhin. 

FREINWALDE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  in  Brandenburg,  twelve  leagues 
from  Berlin.  They  contain  chloride  of  sodium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  chloride  of  magnesium,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
iron,  &c.,  and  are  used  in  asthenic  diseases. 

FREMISSEMENT,  Shudderinsr. 

FRPjMISSEMENT  cat  AIRE  (F.),  'Cat's 
purr.'  Purring  Tremor.  Laennec  has  given  this 
name  to  the  agitation  which  is  sensible  to  the 
hand,  when  applied  on  the  prsecordial  region, 
and  which  he  considers  a  sign  of  ossification  or 
other  contraction  of  the  auriculo-ventricular  open- 
ings. The  name  was  chosen  by  him  from  the 
analogy  of  the  sound  to  the  purring  of  a  cat.    " 

FREMITUS,  Bruissement,  Fremissement,  Shud- 
dering. 

The  Pec'toral  or  Yocal  Frem'itus,  Pecloml 
Vihra'tion,  Tactile  vibration,  is  an  obscure  dif- 
fused resonance  of  the  voice,  which  is  felt  when 
the  hand  is  applied  to  the  chest. 

A  pric'tion  frem'itus  is  perceptible  to  the 
bands  in  many  cases  of  pleurisy,  when  the  sur- 
faces of  the  pleura  have  become  roughened  from 
deposition;  as  well  as  in  rare  eases  of  pericar- 
ditis. 

FRENA,  see  Alveolus. 

FRENCH  CRUST,  Syphilis  — f.  Distemper, 
Syphilis — f.  Nut,  Juglans  regia — f.  Pox,  Syphilis. 

FRENE,  Fraxinus  excelsior — /.  Eipineux, 
Xanthoxylum  clava  Herculis. — ■/.  Saavaye,  Sorbus 
acuparia. 

FRENGA,  see  Scherlievo. 

FRENULUM,  see  Fraenum. 

FRENUM,  Frsenum. 

FRET,  Chafing,  Herpes. 

FR  E  TIL  L  EMENT,  Fidgets. 

FRETTING,  Tormina. 

FRICATIO,  Friction. 

FRICATORIUM,  Liniment. 

FRICE,  Fricum,  Frico'niiim.  A  medicine 
which  the  ancients  employed  under  the  form  of 
friction.  They  distinguish  the  Friee  siccum  and 
F.  molle. — Gaubius. 

FRICONIUM,  Friee. 

FRICTA.  Colophonia. 

FRICTIO,  Friction  — f.  Humida,  see  Friction 
■ — f.  Sicca,  see  Friction. 

FRICTION,  Fric'tio,  Frica'tio,  Anat'rihe, 
Anntrip'ais,  Tri/psis.  Chirap'sia,  from  fricare, 
frictum,  '  to  rub.'  The  action  of  rubbing  a  part 
of  the  surface  of  the  body  more  or  less  forcibly, 
with  the  hands,  a  brush,  flannel,  &c.,  constituting 
Xerofrib'ia,  Xerotrip'sis,  Fric'tio  sicca  or  dry 
friction;  or  with  ointments,  liniments,  tinctures, 
&c.,  constituting  moist  friction,  Fric'tio  hu'tnida. 
It  is  a  useful  means  for  exciting  the  action  of  the 
skin. 

Friction  Fremitus,  see  Fremitus — f.  Sound, 
Bruit  de  frottement. 


FRICTRIX,  Tribas, 

FRICTUM,  Liniment. 

FRICUM,  Friee. 

FRIGEFACIENTIA,  Refrigerants. 

FRIGID,  Frig"idus,  (F.)  Froid ;  from  frigeo, 
'to  be  cold.'  Cold.  Not  easily  moved  to  sexual 
desire;   Lnbel'lio  ad  ven'erem.     Impotent. 

FRIGIDARIUM,  Bath,  cold. 

FRIGID'ITY,  Frigid'itas.  Same  etymon.  A 
sensation  of  cold.  Also,  impotence,  and  sterility. 
Frigidity  of  the  stomach  is  a  state  of  debility  of 
that  organ,  imputed  to  excessive  venery,  —  the 
Anorex'ia  exhausto'rum  of  Sauvages. 

FRIGIDUS.  Frigid. 

FRIGORIF'IC,  from  frigus,  'cold,'  and  fio, 
'I  become.'  That  which  has  the  power  of  pro- 
ducing cold.  The  best  Frigorific  Mixtures  are 
the  following.  Their  effects  are  owing  to  the 
rapid  absorption  of  heat  when  solids  pass  into 
the  liquid  state. 

Frigorific  Mixtures  with  Sxow. 


Mixtures. 
Snow,    or    pounded    ice,    two 
parts  by  weight ; 

Chloride  of  Sodium 1. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 5. 

Chloride  of  Sodium 2. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia 1. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 24. 

Chloride  of  Sodium  10. 

Muriate  of  Ammonia 5. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 12. 

Chloride  of  Sodium 6. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 5. 

Dilut.  Sulph.  Acid 2. 

Snow ?>. 

Concentr.  Mur.  Acid  5. 

Snow 8. 

Concentr.  Nitrous  Acid 4. 

Snow 7. 

Chloride  of  Calcium 5. 

Snow 4. 

Crystall.  Chloride  of  Calcium  .3. 

Snow 2. 

Fused  Potash 4. 

Snow 3. 


Therm,  falls. 

r 

to— 5== 


o    J 


to— 12° 


to— 18" 


{  to— 25° 
from+.32° 

to— 23° 
from+32° 

to— 27° 
from +32° 

to— 30° 
from+32° 

to— 40° 

from+32° 

to  —50° 

from+32° 

to— 51° 


Frigorific  Mixtures  may  also  be  made  by  the 
rapid  solution  of  salts,  without  the  use  of  snow  or 
ice.     The  salts  must  be  finely  powdered  and  dry. 

Frigorific  Mixtures  without  Snow. 

Mixtnres. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia 5. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5. 

Water 16. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia  5.] 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5.  1 

Sulphate  of  Soda 8. 

Water 16.  J 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia  1.  1 

Water 1.  J 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia  1. 

Carbonate  of  Soda 1. 

Water 1. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 3.  ) 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 2.  ) 

Sulphate  of  Soda 6.] 

Mur.  of  Ammonia  4.  ! 

Nitrate  of  Potash 2.  j 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4.  J 

Sulphate  of  Soda 6. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 6. 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4. 

Phosphate  of  Soda 9. 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4. 


Therm,  falls. 

from+50° 
to— 10° 

from +50° 
to— 10° 

from +50° 
to—  4° 

from+50° 
to—  7° 

from+50° 
to—  3° 

from +50° 
to— 10° 

from+50° 
to— 14° 

from+50'=' 
to— 12° 


FRIGUS 


406 


FRUMENTUM 


Mixtures. 

Phosphate  of  Soda 9. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia  6. 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 8.  1 

Muriatic  Acid 5.  J 

Sulphate  of  Soda 5.1 

Dilut.  Sulphuric  Acid 4.1 


Therm,  falh. 

from+50° 
to— 21° 

from+50° 
to       0° 

from+50° 
to—  3° 


FRIGUS,  Cold— f.  Tenue,  see  Rigor. 
FRINGE  TREE,  Chionanthus  Virginica. 
FRISSON,  Rigor. 
FRISS0NNE3IENT,  Horripilation. 
FROGLEAF,  Braseuia  Hydropeltis. 
FROG  TONGUE,  Ranula. 
FROGS'  SPAWN,  Sperma  ranarura. 
FBOIT),  Cold,  Frigid—/.  Glacial,  Ice  cold. 
FROISSEMENT  (F.),  'Rubbing,  bruising.' 
FROISSEMENT  PULMONAIRE,  Bruit  de 
froissement    pulmonaire,    Pulmonary    crumpling 
sound.     A  name  given  by  M.  Fournet  to  a  respi- 
ratory sound,  which  communicates  to  the  ear  the 
sensation  of  the  rubbing  (froissement)  of  a  tex- 
ture compressed  against  a  hard  body.     It  is  by 
no  means  well  defined. 

FR6LE3IE3IT,  (F.)  'Grazing  or  touching 
lightly.' 

FROLEMENT  P^RICARDIQUE,  Bruit  de 
frolement   j^ericardique.      Rustling  noise  of  the 
pericardium.     A  sound  resembling  that  produced 
by  the  crumpling  of  a  piece  of  parchment  or  of 
thick  silken  stuff,  accompanying  the  systole  and 
diastole  of  the  heart.     It  indicates  roughness  of 
the  pericardium  induced  by  disease. 
FROM  AGE,  Cheese. 
FROMENT,  Triticum. 
FRONOEMENT,  Corrugation. 
FRONCLE,  Furunculus. 
FRONDE,  Funda. 

FRONT,  Frona,  Meto'pon,  Forehead,  Fore- 
front, Fore-top,  Brow,  (Sc.)  Forret.  That  part 
of  the  visage,  which  extends  from  one  temple  to 
the  other,  and  is  comprised  in  a  vertical  direction, 
between  the  roots  of  the  hair  and  the  superciliary 
ridges. 

FRONTAL,  Fronta'Us.  From  frons,  frontis, 
'the  front.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  front. 
This  name  has  been  given  to  several  parts.  Win- 
slow,  Sommering,  and  others,  call  the  anterior 
part  of  the  oocipito-frontals — the  frontal  muscle 
or  fronta'liSfMusculo'sa  Frontis  Cutem  movens  sub- 
stan'tia  Par  (Vesalius). 

Frontal  Artery,  Arte'ria  supra-orhita'iis,  is 
given  off  by  the  ophthalmic,  which  is  itself  a 
branch  of  the  internal  carotid.  It  makes  its  exit 
from  the  skull  at  the  upper  part  of  the  base  of  the 
orbit,  and  ascends  the  forehead  between  the  bone 
and  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum ;  dividing  into 
three  or  four  branches,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  neighbouring  muscles. 

Frontal  Bone,  Os frontis  seu  corona'le  seu  in- 
verecun' dum  seu  puppis  seu  sijncipi'itis  seu  prorm 
seu  ratio'nis,  Meto'pon.  A  double  bone  in  the  foe- 
tus, single  in  the  adult,  situate  at  the  base  of  the 
cranium,  and  at  the  superior  part  of  the  face.  It 
forms  the  vault  of  the  orbit;  lodges  the  ethmoid 
bone  in  a  notch  at  its  middle  part;  and  is  articu- 
lated, Ibesides,  with  the  sphenoid,  parietal,  and 
nasal  bones,  the  ossa  unguis,  superior  maxillary, 
and  malar  bones. 

Frontal  Furrow  extends  upwards  from  the 
frontal  spine,  and  becomes  gradually  larger  in  its 
course,  to  lodge  the  upper  part  of  the  superior 
longitudinal  sinus,  and  to  give  attachment  to  the 
falx  cerebri. 

Frontal  Nerve,  Palp&hro-frontal —  (Ch.),  is 
the  greatest  of  the  three  branches  of  the  ophthal- 
mic nerve,  —  the  first  division  of  the  5th  pair. 


It  proceeds  along  the  superior  paries  of  the  orbit, 
and  divides  into  two  branches:  —  the  one,  inter- 
nal, which  makes  its  exit  from  the  orbitar  fossa, 
passing  beneath  the  pulley  of  the  oblique  muscle: 
— the  other,  external,  issuing  from  tlie  same  ca- 
vity by  the  foramen  orbitarium  superius. 

Frontal  Protu'berancb,  F.tuheros'ity,  Tuher 
fronta'le,  Suggrun'dium  su2)ercilio'riim.  The  pro- 
tuberance of  the  frontal  bone  above  the  super- 
ciliary arch. 

Frontal  Si'ntjses,  Fronta'les  Sinus,  Metopan' - 
tra,  Prosopan'ira,  Sinus  Supercilia'res  seu  pitui- 
ta'rii  frontis,  Cavern' (b  frontis,  are  two  deep  cavi- 
ties in  the  substance  of  the  frontal  bone,  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  a  median  septum,  and 
opening,  below,  into  the  anterior  cells  of  the  eth- 
moid bone. 

Frontal  Spine,  Crista  inter'na,  is  situate  in 
the  middle  of  the  under  part  of  the  bone,  and  is 
formed  by  the  coalescence  of  the  inner  tables  for 
the  attachment  of  the  falx  cerebri. 

Surgeons  have  given  the  name  Fronta'lis  to 
a  bandage  or  topical  application  to  the  forehead. 
Such  have,  also,  been  called  rpojjiETijyTiiSia  and 
ayanoWrjijaTa. 

Frontal  Tuberosity,  Frontal  protuberance. 

FRONTA'LE,  from  frons,  '  the  forehead.'  A 
medicine  applied  to  the  forehead. 

FRONTALIS  ET  OCCIPITALIS,  Occipito- 
frontalis. 

Frontalis  Verus,  Corrugator  supereilii. 

FRONTODYMIA,  see  Cephalodymia. 

FRONTO- ETHMOID  FORAMEN,  CEeeum 
foramen — /.  Nasal,  Pyrnmidalis  nasi—/.  Sour- 
cilier,  Corrugator  supereilii. 

FROSTBITE,  Congelation. 

FROSTPLANT,  Helianthemum  Caiiadense. 

FROSTWEED,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum,  He, 
lianthemum  Canadense. 

FROSTWORT,  Helianthemum  Canadense. 

FROTH'Y,  from  Gr.  a<ppos,  'froth.'  [?]  Spu- 
mo'sus,  (F.)  Spumetix,  Ecumetix,  3/ousseux.  An 
epithet  given  to  the  faeces  or  sputa,  when  mixed 
with  air. 

FROTTEMENT,  see  Brriit  de  frottement. 

FROTTEMENT  GLOBULAIRE.  A  name 
given  by  M.  Simonnet,  to  the  pulse  in  aortic  re- 
gurgitation, when  it  is  jerking;  and,  in  well 
marked  cases,  appears  as  if  the  blood  consisted 
of  several  little  masses,  which  passed  in  succes- 
sion under  the  finger  applied  to  the  artery. 

FRUCTIFICATIO,  Fecundation. 

FRUCTUS  HORiEI,  Fruit,  (summer)— f.  Im- 
maturus,  Abortion. 

FRUGIV'OROUS,  Frugiv'oms,  from  fruges, 
'fruits,'  and  i^oro,  'I  eat.'     One  that  eats  fruits. 

FRUIT,  Frucfns,  from  fruor,  fructus,  'to  en- 
joy.' Carpos.  In  botany,  the  seed  with  its  en- 
closing pericarp.  In  a  medical  sense  it  may  be 
defined  to  be : — that  part  of  a  plant  which  is  taken 
as  food.  The  eflFects  of  fruits  on  the  body,  in  a 
medical  as  well  as  a  dietetical  point  of  view,  are 
various.  They  may  be  distinguished  into  classes : 
for,  whilst  the  Cerealia,  for  example,  afford  fruits, 
which  are  highly  nutritious ;  the  Summer  Fruits 
(Fructus  HorcB'i,)  which  include  strawberries, 
cherries,  currents,  mulberries,  raspberries,  figs, 
grapes,  <te.,  are  refrigerant  and  grateful,  but 
afford  little  nourishment. 

FRUIT-SUGAR,  Glucose. 

FRUMENT,  Fru'menty,  Fur'menty,  from  //•«- 
mentum,  'wheat' or  '  grain,' quasi //•!tf/me?iii(m  / 
iroxa.  fruges,  'fruit.'  Pottage  made  of  wheat. 
Food  made  of  wheat  boiled  in  milk. 

FRUMEN'TUM.    Same  etymon.    Sitos.    Any 
kind  of  grain  from  which   bread  was  made; — ■ 
especially  wheat. 
Frumentum,  Triticum — f.  Corniculatum,  Ergot 


FRUSTRATOIRE 


407 


FUMIGATION 


— f.  Cornutum,  Ergot  —  f.  Luxurians,  Ergot  —  f. 
Temulentum,  Ergot — f.  Turgidum,  Ergot. 

FUUSTRATO[RE,  (F.)  Any  liquor,  taken 
a  short  time  after  eating,  for  the  purpose  of  as- 
sisting digestion  when  difficult.  Sugared  water, 
eaa  sacree,  or  water  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
brandy,  or  some  aromatic  substance,  is  commonly 
used  for  this  purpose. 

FRUTEX  B ACCIFER  BRAZILIENSIS,  Caa- 
ghivuyo — f.  Indicus  sj)inosus,  Cara  schuUi. 

FUCUS,  F.  vesiculosus,  Paint. 

Fucus  Amyla'cecs,  Jaffna,  Ed'ihle  or  Ceylon 
Jfoss,  Ploca'ria  can'dida,  Gracila'ria  seu  SphcB- 
rocue'cus  seu  Gic/arti'na  seu  Faciis  licheiioi'des, 
Marine  Moss.  This  moss  belongs  to  the  natural 
order  Alga3.  It  was  introduced  some  years  ago 
into  England,  from  India.  It  is  white,  filiform 
and  fibrous,  and  has  the  usual  odour  of  sea-weeds. 
Its  medical  properties  are  similar  to  those  of 
Irish  moss. 

Fucus,  Bladder,  F.  vesiculosus. 

Fucus  Ceispus,  F.  Ir'landicus,  Lichen  Car'ra- 
geen,  Chondrus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Ch.  crispus  seu  poly- 
mor'phus,  Sphcerocoo'cus  crispus,  JJlva  crispa, 
Irish  Pearl,  Car'rageen  or  Cor'rigeen  moss,  (F.) 
Mousse  d^Irlande  on  pierlee.  This  Fucus  is  found 
on  the  coasts  of  England,  Ireland,  Western  France, 
Spain,  and  Portugal,  and  as  far  as  the  tropics. 
It  is  also  a  native  of  the  United  States.  In  Ire- 
land, it  is  used  by  the  poor  as  an  article  of  diet. 
As  met  with  in  America,  it  is  of  a  light  yellow 
colour,  and  resembles  plates  of  horn,  crisped  and 
translucent.  An  agreeable  jelly  is  obtained  from 
it  by  boiling  it  in  water  or  milk,  which  forms  a 
good  article  of  diet  in  consumptive  cases.  Its 
properties  are  indeed  exactly  like  those  of  the 
Iceland  Moss. 

Fucus  Helminthocorton,  Corallina  Corsica- 
na  —  f.  Inflatus,  F.  vesiculosus — f.  Irlandicus, 
Fucus  crispus — f.  Lichenoides,  F.  amylaceus — f. 
Saccharine,  Rhodomela  palmata. 

Fucus  Vesiculo'sus,  Fucus,  F.  infla'tus,  HaV- 
idrys  vesiculo'sa,  Quercus  Mari'nn,  Bladder  Fu- 
cus, Sea  Oak,  Sea  Wrack,  Yelloto  Bladder  Wrack, 
(P.)  Varec  vesiculeux,  Chine  marin.  It  has  been 
said  to  be  a  u.seful  assistant  to  sea-water,  in  the 
cure  of  disorders  of  the  glands.  When  the  wrack, 
in  fruit,  is  dried,  cleaned,  exposed  to  a  red-heat 
in  a  crucible  with  a  perforated  lid,  and  is  reduced 
to  powder,  it  forms  the  jE'thiop)s  vegetah'ilis  — 
the  Pulvis  Quercus  Mari'na  of  the  Dublin  Phar- 
macopoeia— which  is  used,  like  the  burnt  sponge, 
la  bronchocele  and  other  scrofulous  swellings. 
Its  efficacy  depends  on  the  iodine  it  contains. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  5'ji  mixed  in  molasses  or  honey. 
See  Soda. 

FUGA  D^MONUM,  Hypericum  perforatum. 

FUGA'CIOUS,  Fugax,  fugacis,  (F.)  Fugace, 
from  fugere,  '  to  fly.'  An  epithet  given  to  certain 
symptoms,  which  appear  and  disappear  almost 
immediately  afterwards;  as  a.  fugacious  redness, — 
a,  fugacious  swelling.  Tumor  fugax,  &G. 

FUGAX,  Fugacious. 

FUGE,  from  fugo,  'I  expel,'  'an  expeller.' 
A  common  suffix.  Hence,  Pebri/ii^re,  Vermi- 
fuge,  &c. 

FU'GILE,  Fngil'la.  This  term  has  several 
acceptations.  It  means,  1.  The  cerumen  of  the 
ear.  2.  The  nebulous  suspension  in,  or  deposi- 
tion from,  the  urine.  3.  An  abscess  near  the 
ear. — Ruland  and  Johnson.  4.  Abscess  in  general. 

FUGILLA,  Fugile. 

FULGUR,  Astrape. 

FULIG"INOUS,  Fuligino'sus,  Lignyo'des,  (F.) 
Fuligineux,  trooi  fuligo,  ful ig inis,  'soot.'  Having 
the  colour  of  soot.  An  epithet  given  to  certain 
parts,  as  the  lips,  teeth,  or  tongue,  when  they 
assume  a  brownish  colour,  or  rather  are  covered 
with  a  coat  of  that  colour.     Fuliginositxj. 


FULI'GO,  genitive  fulig"inis,  Lignys,  Soot, 
(F.)  Suie,  &c.,  Woodsoot,  Fuligo  Ligni,  consists 
of  volatile  alkaline  salt,  empyreumatic  oil,  fixed 
alkali,  &o.  A  tincture,  Tinctu'ra  FnHg"inis, 
prepared  from  it,  has  been  recommended  as  a 
powerful  antispasmodic  in  hysterical  cases.  (Fulig. 
^''9'"-3'J'  potass,  suhcarb.  Ibss  ;  animon.  viuriot. 
^y,  aqucB  fluviat.  Oiij.  Digest  for  three  d;iys.) 
This  tincture  bears  the  name  Soot  drops  and  Fit 
drops.  An  ointment  of  soot  has  been  used  in 
various  cutaneous  diseases. 

Fuligo  Alba  Philosophorum,  Ammonite  mu- 
rias. 

FULIGO'KALI,  from /»%o,  'soot,'  and  Mli, 
'potassa.'  This  is  an  analogous  preparation  to 
anthrakokali ;  soot  being  used  in  the  place  of 
coal.  It  is  employed  in  the  same  diseases.  What 
might  be  regarded  as  a  weak  solution  of  fuligo- 
kali  has  been  used  for  many  years  in  Philadel- 
phia, under  the  names  medical  lye,  soot  tea,  alka- 
line solution,  dys2:)ep)tic  lye,  and  Physick's  lye  tea. 
It  is  made  by  mixing  a  quart  of  hickory  ashes  ; 
half  a  pint  of  soot  ;  and  a  gallon  of  boiling  water ; 
allowing  the  mixture  to  stand  for  twenty-four 
hours,  and  decanting. 

FULLERS'  EARTH,  Cimolia  purpureseens. 

FULMEN,  Astrape. 

FULMICOTON,  see  Collodion. 

FULNESS,  Reple'tio,  Plen'itude^  Pletho'ra, 
Eeple'tion.  The  state  of  being  filled.  Also,  a 
feeling  of  weight  or  distension  in  the  stomach  or 
other  part  of  the  system. 

FUMA'RIA,  Fuma'ria  ofUcina'lis  seu  we'dia, 
Fumus  terrcB,  Capnos,  Herba  melancholif  iiga,  So- 
la'men  Scabioso'nim,  Fu'mitnry,  Common  Fu'mi- 
tory,  Fumiter'ra,  (F.)  Fumeterre,  Fiel  de  terre, 
Pisse-sang.  Ord.  Fumariaceae.  The  leaves  are 
extremely  succulent,  and  have  a  bitter,  somewhat 
saline,  taste.  The  infusion  of  the  dried  leaves 
and  the  expressed  juice  of  the  fresh  plant  have 
been  extolled  for  their  property  of  clearing  the 
skin  of  many  disorders  of  the  leprous  kind. 

Fuma'ria  Bulbo'sa,  F.  cava  seu  major,  Borck- 
hausen'ia  seu  CapnoV des  cava,  Aristolochi' a  fa- 
ba'cea  seu  cava  seu  vidga'ris  rotun'da,  Coryd'alis 
bulbo'sa  seu  cava  seu  tubero'sa,  Capnor'chis.  The 
root  of  this  plant  was  formerly  given  as  an  em- 
menagogue  and  anthelmintic.  (F.)  Fumeterre 
bulbense. 

Fumaria  Cava,  F.  bulbosa — f.  Major,  F.  bul- 
bosa — f.  Media,  Fumaria — f.  Officinalis,  Fumaria. 

FUMFTFRRE,  Fumaria. 

FUMIGATIO,  Fumigation  —  f.  Antiloimica 
Gaubii,  see  Disinfection — f.  Guytoniensis,  see 
Disinfection — f.  Smythiana,  see  Disinfection. 

FUMIGA'TION.  Fumiga'tio,  from  fum us, 
'  smoke.'  Suffi'tus,  Suffit"io,  Suff'umina'tio,  Suf- 
fumig"ium,  Suffimen'tum,  Apocapnis'mus,  Thymi- 
a'ma,  Epithymia'ma,  Hypothymia'ma,  Hypothy- 
mia'sis,  Thymia'sis,  Oapmis' mos,  Hypocapnis' mos, 
Hypat'raus,  Hypatmis' mus,  Anathymia'sis.  An 
operation,  the  object  of  which  is  to  fill  a  circum- 
scribed space  with  gas  or  vapour,  with  the  in- 
tention either  of  purifying  the  air,  of  pei  fuming 
it,  or  of  charging  it  with  a  substance  proper  for 
acting  upon  a  part  of  the  surface  of  the  human 
body.  See  Sulphurous  acid.  Hence,  fumigntions 
have  been  distinguished  into  aqueous,  aromatic, 
sulphureous,  mercurial,  disinfecting,  Guytonian, 
&c.  Benzoin  generally  constitutes  the  chief  in- 
gredient in  the  Fumigating  Pastilles,  to  which 
any  variety  of  odoriferous  substances  may  be 
added.     The  following  are  formula. 

^.Benzoin,  ^j ;  cascarillcB,  ^ss;  myrrh,  ^j  ; 
bl.  myrist.,  ol.  caryoph.  aa  gtt.  s  ;  potasses  nitrat. 
^ss;  carbon,  lign.  ^vj;  mucil.  trag.  q.  s.— or 

R.  Benzoin,  p.  xvj  ;  Balsam.  Tolut.  p.  ivj 
Santal.  alb.  p.  iv;  Labdan.  p.  j  ;  Carbon.  Lign.  p. 
xlviij  ;  Potass,  nitrat.   p.   i j  ;     Trogacanlh.  p.  j; 


FUMITERRA 


408 


FUNICULUS 


AcacicB,  p.  ij  ;  Aq.  cinnam.  p.  xij.  Reduce  the 
solid  ingredients  to  powder,  and  mis  the  whole 
into  a  plastic  mass,  which  must  he  formed  into 
cones,  flattened  at  the  base,  and  dried,  first  in  the 
air,  and  afterwards  in  a  stove. 

FuMiGATiox,  Chlorine,  see  Disinfection — f. 
Nitrous,  see  Disinfection  —  f.  Oxymuriatie,  see 
Disinfection. 

FUMITERRA,  Fumaria. 
FUMITORY,  Fumaria. 

FUMUS  ALBUS,  Hydrargyrum— f.  Citrinus, 
Sulphur — f.  Terra},  Fumaria. 

FUXAMBULA'TIO,  from  funis,  'a  cord,'  and 
ambulare,  'to  walk.'  An  exercise  with  the  an- 
cients, which  consisted  in  scaling  ropes. 

FUNC'TIO]^,  Fiinc'tio,  Ac'tlo,  (F.)  Fonction  ; 
irova.  funr/or,  functus,  'I  act,'  'perform.'  The 
ajtion  of  an  organ  or  system  of  organs.  Any  act, 
necessary  for  accomplishing  a  vital  phenomenon. 
A  function  is  a  special  office  in  the  animal  econo- 
my, which  has,  as  its  instrument,  an  organ  or  appa- 
ratus of  organs.  Thus  resjiiration  is  a  function. 
Its  object  is  the  conversion  of  venous  into  arte- 
rial blood,  and  its  instrument  is  the  lungs.  The 
ancient  physiologists  divided  the  functions  into 
vital,  animal,  and  natural.  They  called  vital  func- 
tions those  which  are  essential  to  life,  as  innerva- 
tion, circulation,  respiration;  animal  functions, 
those  which  belong  to  the  encephalon;  viz.:  the 
functions  of  the  intellect,  the  affections  of  the 
mind,  and  the  voluntary  motions ;  and  natural 
functions,  Faculta'tes  sen  Actio'nes  natura'les, 
those  relating  to  assimilation,  such  as  the  actions 
of  the  abdominal  viscera,  of  the  absorbent  and 
exhalant  vessels,  &c.  Bichat  divided  the  func- 
tions into  those  which  relate  to  the  preservation 
of  the  individual,  and  those  that  relate  to  the 
preservation  of  the  species.  The  former  he  sub- 
divided into  animal  and  organic.  The  animal 
functions  or  functions  of  relation  are  those  of  the 
intellect,  sensation,  locomotion,  and  voice.  The 
organic  functions  include  digestion,  absorption, 
respiration,  circulation,  secretion,  nutrition,  and 
calorification.  The  functions,  whose  object  is  the 
preservation  of  the  species — the  organic, nutritive, 
or  vegetative  functions  —  are  all  those  that  relate 
to  generation  ;— such  as  conception,  gestation,  ac- 
couchement, &c.  Each  of  these  admits  of  nu- 
merous subdivisions  in  a  complete  course  of 
Physiology  ; — for  so  the  doctrine  of  the  functions 
is  called. 

FUXC'TIONAL,  Functiona'lis,  (F.)  Fonction- 
nel.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  function  of  an 
organ,  or  to  the  functions  in  general. 

Functional  or  vital  phenomena  are  those  pro- 
duced by  some  modification  in  the  action  of  an 
organ  or  organs,  in  contradistinction  to  those  of 
a  material  or  physical  character ; — thus  we  distin- 
guish the  functional  2^henomena  of  phthisis  from 
those  indicated  by  physical  diagnosis — the  phys- 
ical phenomena. 

Functional  Diseases,  see  Orsranic  Diseases. 

FUND  A,  'a  sling.'  SyJien'done,  (F.)  Fronde. 
A  bandage,  composed  of  a  fillet  or  long  com- 
press, cleft  at  its  extremities  to  within  about  two 
inches  of  its  middle.  It  is  used  in  diseases  of  the 
nose  and  chin,  and  especially  in  cases  of  fracture 
of  the  lower  jaw.  In  such  ease  it  has,  also,  been 
called  JTentonniere,  because  placed  beneath  the 
chin  :  from  (F.)  Menton,  'the  chin.' 

FUNDAMENT,  Anus— f.  Falling  down  of  the. 
Proctocele. 

FUNDAMEX'TAL,  from /(/nf^fire,  'to  found; 
to  lay  the  bottom  of  any  thing.'  (F.)  Fonda- 
mental.  Some  anatomists  have  called  the  sacrum 
Os  Fundumenta'lc,  because  it  seems  to  serve  as  a 
base  to  the  vertebral  column.  The  sphenoid  hone 
has  likewise  been  so  denominated,  from  its  being 
situate  at  the  base  of  the  cranium. 


FUNDUS,  'the  bottom.'  (F.)  Fond.  The 
base  of  any  organ  which  ends  in  a  neck,  or  has 
an  external  aperture;  as  the  Fundus  vesicae,  F. 
uteri,  &c.     Also,  the  Vulva. 

Fundus  Vagin.e,  Laquear  vaginas. 

FUNES  CORDIS,  Column®  carneae— f.  Semi- 
circulares.  Semicircular  canals. 

FUNGIFORM  PAPILLiE,  see  Papillse  of  the 
Tongue. 

FUN'GOID,  FungoVdes,  Myeo'des,  Fungifor'- 
mis,  Fun'gifnrra,  (F.)  Fongo'ide,  Fongiforme,  from 
fungus,  'a  mushroom,'  and  cilios,  'resemblance.' 
That  which  has  the  shape  of,  or  grows  in  some 
measure  like  a  mushroom,  as  the  fungoid  or  fun- 
giform papillse  of  the  tongue. 

Fungoid  Disease,  Encephaloid. 

FUNGOS'ITY,  Fungos'itas,  Caro  luxu'rians 
seu  fungo'sa,  Ecsarco'ma,  Uypersarco'ma,  Hy- 
persarco'sis,  Proud  Flesh,  (F.)  Fongosite.  Tho 
quality  of  that  which  is  fungous:  —  fungous  ex- 
crescence, Excrescen'tia  fungo'sa.  The  fungosi- 
ties  which  arise  in  wounds  or  ulcers  are  easily 
repressed  by  gentle  compression,  dry  lint,  the 
sulphas  cupri,  or  other  gentle  caustics.  At  times, 
the  more  powerful  are  necessary,  and  sometimes 
excision  is  required. 

FUNGOUS,  Fungo'sns,  (F.)  Fongueux.  Hav- 
ing the  characters  of  fungosity  or  fungus — as  a 
fungous  wound. 

FUNGUS,  iVyces,  {aipoYyo?,)  (F.)  Fongus,  Cham- 
pignon. The  mushroom  order  of  plants ;  class 
Cryptogamia,  in  the  Linnsean  system.  In  Path- 
ology, the  word  is  commonly  used  synonymously 
with  fungosity,  myco'sis.  M.  Breschet  has  pro- 
posed to  restrict  the  term  fungosity  to  vegetations 
which  arise  on  denuded  surfaces,  and  to  apply 
the  term  fungus  to  the  tumours  which  form  in  the 
substance  of  the  textures,  without  any  external 
ulceration.  Fiei  and  warts,  for  example,  would 
be  fungi  of  the  skin. 

Fungus  Albus  Saligneus,  Dsedalea  suaveo- 
lens  —  f.  Articuli,  Spina  ventosa  —  f.  Bleeding, 
Hasmatodes  fungus  —  f.  Cancrosus  hsematodes, 
nematodes  F.  —  f.  Cancrosus  meduUaris,  see 
Encephaloid — f.  Cerebralis,  see  Encephaloid — f. 
Cerebri,  Encephalocele  —  f.  Chirurgorum,  Lyco- 
perdon  —  f.  Cj'nosbati,  Bedeguar — f.  Faginosus, 
Morchella  esculenta— f.  Hasmatodes,  Hajmatodes 
fungus — f.  Igniarius,  Boletus  igniarius — f.  Laricis, 
Boletus  laricis  —  f.  of  Malta,  Cynomorion  coeci- 
neum — f.  MeduUaris,  see  Encephaloid — f.  Melan- 
odes.  Cancer,  melanotic — f.  Melitensis,  Cynomo- 
rion coccineum  —  f.  Pctrseus  marinus,  Umbilicu.« 
marinus — f.  Quercinus,  Boletus  igniarius — f.  Ro- 
sarum,  Bedeguar — f.  Salicis,  Dadalea  suaveolens 
— f.  Sambucinus,  Peziza  auricula. 

FUNIC  BELLOWS'  SOUND,  see  Bellows' 
Sound,  funic. 

FUNICULI  GRAC'ILES,  (diminutive  of 
funis,  'a  cord,')  Paste' rior  Me'dian  Columns  or 
Fascic'rdi  of  the  medul'la  ohlonga'tn.  Along  the 
posterior  border  of  each  corpus  restiforme,  and 
separated  from  it  by  a  groove,  is  a  narrow  white 
cord,  separated  from  its  fellow  by  the  fissura  lon- 
gitudinalis  posterior.  The  pair  of  cords  are  the 
funiculi  graeiles.  Each  funiculus  forms  an  en- 
largement— processus  clavatus — at  its  upper  end, 
and  is  then  lost  in  the  corpus  restiforme. 

FuNic'tJLi  SiL'iQUiE.  Longitudinal  fibres  seen 
in  the  groove  which  separates  the  corpus  olivare 
from  the  corpus  pyramidale  and  corpus  restiforme. 
They  enclose  the  base  of  the  corpus  olivare, — those 
which  lie  on  its  inner  side  forming  the  funic'ulua 
inter'nus  ;  and  those  on  its  outer  side  the  funicu- 
lus externus. 

FUNICULUS,  Cord— f.  Externus,  see  Funiculi 
siliquee  —  f.  Internus,  see  Funiculi  siliquse  —  f. 
Spermaticus,  Spermatic  cord — f.  Tympani,  Chorda 
tympani. 


FUNIS 


409 


FUTUTRIX 


FtJNIc'ULUS  UmEILICA'jjs,  Funis  umhilica'h's. 
Intestiii'ulum,  Viit'culum  umhiUca'le,  Umbii'ic-al 
cord,  Navel  string,  diminutive  of  Funis,  'a  cord.' 
(F.)  Cordon  ombilicale.  A  cord-like  substance, 
whicli  extends  from  the  placenta  to  the  umbilicus 
of  the  foetus.  It  is  composed  of  the  chorion,  am- 
nion, an  albuminous  secretion  called  the  Jelh/  of 
the  Cord,  cellular  substance,  an  umbilical  vein, 
and  two  umbilical  arteries.  The  former  conveys 
the  blood  from  the  placenta  to  the  foetus  —  the 
latter  return  it.  All  these  parts  are  surrounded 
by  a  sheath  —  Investitu'ra  seu  Vagi' na  funic' uli 
umhiliea'lis.  Its  usual  length  is  from  16  to  22 
inches. 

Funiculus  Varicosus,  Cirsocele. 

FUNIS,  Cord,  Laqueus— f.  Argenteus,  Medulla 
spinalis — f.  Hippocratis,  Achillis  tendo — f.  Umbi- 
licalis,  Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

FUNK,  Boletus  igniarius. 

FUNNEL,  see  Infundibulum. 
.  FUR,  Enduit. 

FUPtCELLA,  Fur'cida;  diminutive  of  f urea, 
'a  fork.'  The  upper  part  of  the  sternum,  the 
clavicle.     The  Fourchette. 

FuRCELLA  Infeeior,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

FURCHMUHL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  Bavarian  springs  contain  carbonic  acid, 
sulphuretted  hydrogen,  carbonates  of  lime  and 
soda;  chlorides  of  lime  and  magnesium,  oxides 
of  iron  and  magnesium,  &c. 

FURCIFERA,  Penis. 

FURCILLA,  Fourchette. 

FURCULA,  Furcella,  Clavicle,  Fourchette. 

FURFUR   UTERINE,  Nymphomania. 

FURFUR,  (from  far,  'bran,')  Bran,  Pit'yron, 
Ach'yron,  Apobras'ma,  Lemma,  Cantabru'no,  (F.) 
Son.  The  decoction  is  sometimes  employed  as 
an  emollient. 

FURFURA,  Scarf. 

FURFURA'CEOUS,  from  furfur,  'bran.' 
Scurfy,  Canica'eeous,  Pithyri'nnn,  Pifi/roides, 
Pityro'des,  (F.)  Furfurace.  Resembling  bran. 
A  name  given  to  eruptions,  in  which  the  epider- 
mis is  detached  in  small  scales  resembling  bran. 
Also,  a  bran-like  sediment  observed  at  times  in 
the  urine; — Urina  furfura'cea,  Sedimen'tum 
Uri'ncB  pityro'ides. 

FURFURAMIDE,  see  Furfurine. 

FURFURATIO,  Desquamation,  Porrigo,  Pity- 
riasis. 

FUR'FURINE,  Furfuri'na,  from  furfur, 
'bran.'  By  the  action  of  dilute  sidphuric  acid  on 
corn  meal  or  bran  an  oil  is  obtained — furfurol  or 
furfurole.  By  the  action  of  ammonia  on  this, 
furfuratnide  or  furfurolamide  results;  and  by  the 
action  of  dilute  potassa  on  this  the  alkaloid  fur- 
furine is  obtained.  This  was  found  by  Professor 
Simpson,  of  Edinburgh,  to  possess  tonic,  if  not 
antiperiodic,  properties. 

FURFURISCA,  Pityriasis. 

FURFUROL,  see  Furfurine. 

FURFUROLAMIDE,  see  Furfurine. 

FU'RIA  INFERNA'LIS.  A  kind  of  vermi- 
form insect,  scarcely  two  lines  long,  common  in 
Sweden,  which  flies  about  and  stings  both  man 
and  animals,  exciting  the  most  excruciating 
torture. 

FURIBUNDUS,  Maniodes. 

FURIOSUS,  Maniodes. 

FURIOUS,  Maniodes. 

FURMAGE,  Cheese. 

FURMENTY,  Frument. 

FURNAS,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF.      A 


thermal  chalybeate  water  in  St.  Michael's,  Azores, 
which  contains  carbonic  acid,  and  carbonate  of 
iron. 

FURONCLE,  Furunculus. 

FURONCLE  GU&PIER.  A  malignant  boil, 
TFosjj's  nest  boil,  which  generally  attacks  the 
nape  and  region  of  the  neck,  and  rarely  othel-s 
than  old  people.  Hence  it  has  been  called  Old 
Peoyjle's  boil. 

FURONCULEUX,  Furuncular. 

FUROR,  Mania— f.  Brevis,  Rage  — f.  Mania, 
Mania — f.  Uterinus,  Nymphomania. 

FURRED,  see  Enduit. 

FURROW,  MENTO- LABIAL,  see  Mento- 
labial  furrow. 

FURUN'CULAR,  Furun'culous,  Fnrunculo'sus, 
(F.)  Furonculeux.  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
furunculus, — as  'a.  furuncular  epidemic' 

FURUNCULI  ATONICI,  Ecthyma  — f.  Ven- 
triculus,  see  Furunculus. 

FURUN'CULOID,  Furiinculoi'des.  A  hybrid 
term,  from  furunculus,  and  ttiog,  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  furunculus, — as  'a  furunculoid  epi- 
demic' 

FURUN'CULUS,  from  furere,  'to  be  mad.' 
Chi' adus,  Chi'oli,  Doth'ien,  Dothion,  Furun'culua 
suppurato'rius,  F.  Verus,  F.  beniy'nus,  Phyma  fu- 
run'cidus,  Absces'sus  niiclea'tus,  a  furuncle,  a  boil, 
a  bile,  (Sc)  Bruick,  Bruk,  (Prov.)  Pinsweal,  (F.) 
Furoncle,  Froncle,  Clou.  A  small  phlegmon, 
which  appears  under  the  form  of  a  conical,  hard, 
circumscribed  tumour,  having  its  seat  in  the  der- 
moid texture.  At  the  end  of  an  uncertain  period, 
it  becomes  pointed,  white  or  j'ellow,  and  gives 
exit  to  pus  mixed  with  blood.  When  it  breaks, 
a  small,  grayish,  fibrous  mass  sometimes  appears, 
which  consists  of  dead  areolar  tissue.  This  is 
called  the  Core,  Setfast,  Vcntric'ulus  seu  Nucleus 
Furun'culi,  (F.)  Boiirbillon.  The  abscess  does 
not  heal  until  after  its  separation.  The  indica- 
tions of  treatment  are, — to  discuss  by  the  appli- 
cation of  leeches  and  warm  fomentations,  —  or, 
if  thi^  cannot  be  done,  to  encourage  suppuration 
by  warm,  emollient  cataplasms.  When  suppu- 
ration is  entirely  established,  the  part  may  be 
opened  or  suffered  to  break,  according  to  circum- 
stances. 

The  term  blind  boil  is  given  to  an  indolent, 
imperfectly  suppurating,  phlegmonous  tumour, 
of  the  kind  described  above,  which  is  often  seated 
in  a  sebaceous  follicle,  as  in  Acne  indurata. 

Furunculus  Gangr^nosus,  Anthrax — f.  Ma- 
lignus.  Anthrax. 

FUSARIA  VERMICULARIS,  Ascaris  vermi- 
cularis  —  f.  Visceralis  et  renalis,  Strongylus 
gigas. 

FUSEE  PURULENTE  (F.).  The  long  and 
sinuous  route  which  pus  takes,  in  certain  cases, 
in  making  its  way  to  the  surface.  These  Fusees 
almost  always  form  beneath  the  skin  between  the 
muscles;   or  along  aponeuroses,  bones,  tendons, 

FUSEL  OIL,  see  Oil,  fusel. 

FUSIBLE,  see  Fusion. 

FUSIBILITY,  see  Fusion. 

FUSION,  Fu'sio,  3felting,  Liquefac'tion  ;  from 
fundere,  fusum,  'to  melt.'  In  chymistry,  the 
transition  of  a  solid  body  into  a  liquid  by  the  aid 
of  heat.  Substances  capable  of  such  transition 
are  said  to  he  fusible  ;  or  to  be  possessed  oi  fusi- 
bility. 

FUSTIC  TREE,  Cladastris  tinctoria. 

FUTUTRIX,  Tribas. 


GAB 


410 


GALACTOPOSIA 


a. 


The  Gfreek  G,  r,  with  the  ancient  Greek  phy- 
Bicians,  signified  an  ounce. — Rhod.  ad  Scribonium. 

GAB,  Mouth. 

GABALLA,  Cabal. 

GABELLA,  Mesophryon. 

GABIR'EA,  yaj^ipsa.  A  fatty  kind  of  myrrh, 
mentioned  by  Dioscorides. 

GADUS  ^GLIPINUS,  see  Oleum  jeooris 
aselli  —  g.  Callarias,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  —  g. 
Carbonarius,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  —  g.  Lota, 
see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli — g.  Merluccius,  see  Oleum 
jecoris  aselli  —  g.  Morrhua,  see  Oleum  jecoris 
aselli — g.  Pollachius,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

G^OPHAGIA,  Geophagism. 

G^OPH'AGUS,  from  yaia,  'earth,'  and  (payia, 
'I  eat.'     One  who  eats  earth. 

GAGEL,  Myrica  gale. 

GAGUE  SANG,  Caque-sang. 

GAHET,  Gagot. 

GAIAC,  Guaiacum. 

GAILLET  ACCROCHANT,  Galium  aparine 
— g.  CrocJiant,  Galium  aparine — g.  Jaime,  Galium 
verum — g.  Vrai,  Galium  verum. 

GAINE,  Vagina  or  sheath  —  g.  de  V Apo2:ilnjse 
Btyloide,  Vaginal  process  of  the  temporal  bone — 
g.  de  la  Veine  parte,  Vagina  or  sheath  of  the  vena 
porta. 

GAITLING,  Infans. 

GALA,  ya\a,  genitive  ya\aKTo?,  milk  ;  hence  : 

GALACTACRA'SIA.  from  yaXa,  and  aKpaata, 
^imperfect  mixture.'  A  morbid  mixture  or  con- 
stitution of  the  milk. 

GALACTACRATIA,  Galactia. 

GALACT^'MIA,  from  ya\a,  and  'aifna,  'blood.' 
A  condition  of  the  blood  in  which  it  contains 
milk. 

GALACTAGOGA.  Galaetopoetica. 

GALACTAPOSTEMA,  Mastodynia  apostema- 
tosa. 

GALACTIA,  GalactirrJioe'a,  GctlaetorrTioe'a, 
from  yaha.  Lactis  redundan'tia,  Polygalac'tia, 
Galactoze'mia.  A  redundant  flow  of  milk,  either 
in  a  female  who  is  suckling,  or  in  one  who  is  not. 
It  may  occur  without  being  provoked  by  suck- 
ling. When  to  a  great  extent,  it  sometimes  causes 
wasting  ;  Tabes  lac'tea,  T.  nutri'cum.  Dr.  Good 
uses  Galac'tia,  in  his  Nosology,  for  'morbid  flow 
or  deficiency  of  milk,'  Galactacrati'a. 

GALACflCUS,  Lactic. 

GALACTIDRO'SIS,  from  ya\a,  and  'tSptaais, 
'sweating.'     Sweating  of  milk. 

GALACTIFER,  Galactophorous. 

GALACTINE,  Casein. 

GALACTINUS,  Lactic. 

GALACTIRRH(EA,  Galactia. 

GALACTIS,  Galaxias. 

GALACTIS'CHESIS,  Galacfos'chesis,  Lactis 
reten'tio,  from  yaXa,  and  tax^iv,  'to  restrain.' 
Retention  or  suppression  of  milk. 

GALACTITES,  Galaxias. 

GALACTOCATARACTA,  Cataract,  milky. 

GALACTOCE'LE,  Galacton'cus,  Lactoce'le, 
from  yaXa,  and  kj/Xt;,  'a  tumour.'  Tumor  lac'teus. 
Distension  of  one  or  more  of  the  galactophorous 
sinuses  by  milk.  Lactiferous  engorgement.  The 
French  use  the  term  Poil  for  such  engorgement; 
a  relic  of  an  idea,  as  old  as  Aristotle,  that  a  hair 
swallowed  may  have  obstructed  one  of  the  milk 
tubes,  which  must  be  got  rid  of  by  sucking. 

The  name  has,  also,  been  given  by  Vidal  de 
Cassis  to  a  tumour  produced  by  an  effusion  of  a 


white  liquid  into  the  tunica  vaginalis,  which  he 
considered  to  be  true  milk.  _ 

GALACTODEN'DRON  U'TILE,  from  ya\a, 
and  itv&pov,  'a  tree.'  Palo  de  Vacca,  Arhol  de 
Leche,  Cow  tree  of  South  America.  Family,  Ur- 
tioacese.  When  an  incision  is  made  into  the 
trunk,  a  fluid  similar  to  milk  flows  out,  which  is 
agreeable  and  nutritious. 

GALACTO'DES,  from  yaU,  and  ej^oj,  'resem- 
blance.' In  Hippocrates,  the  term  signifies  milk- 
warm,  and  likewise  a  milky  colour,  as  of  the  urine 
— uri'iia  galacto'des. 

GALACTODI^'TA,  Dles'ta  lac'tea,  from  ya\a, 
and  iiaiTa,  'diet.'     A  milk  diet. 

GALACTODIARRHCEA,  Coeliac  Flux. 

GALACTOGANGLION,  Milk  knot. 

GALACTOiliE'MIA,  GalacthcB'mia,  GaWmia, 
from  yaXa,  and  'aijxa,  'blood.'  Lactis  sanguino- 
len'ti  Excre'tio.  The  secretion  of  bloody  or 
bloodlike  milk. 

GALACTOMASTOPARECTOMA,  Mastody- 
nia apostematosa. 

GALACTOM'ETER,  Lactom'eter,  from  yaXa, 
and  jicTpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument  for  appre- 
ciating the  quantity  of  cream  in  milk.  It  is  a 
kind  of  graduated  separatory  or  ejyrouvette  —  the 
degrees  on  the  scale  indicating  the  thickness  of 
the  layer  of  cream  that  forms  on  the  surface  of 
the  milk. 

GALACTONCUS,  Galactocele. 

GALACTOPH'AGOUS,  Galactoph'agus,  Lac- 
tiv'orus,  sometimes  used  substantively ;  from 
yaXa,  and  <payia,  'I  eat.'  That  which  feeds  on 
milk.  A  name  given  to  certain  people,  with 
whom  milk  appears  to  constitute  the  chief  nou- 
rishment. 

GALACTOPHORA,  Galaetopoetica. 

GALACTOPHORITIS.  Inflammation  of  the 
galactophorous  ducts.  It  has  been  inaccurately 
used  for  ulceration  of  the  top  of  the  nipple 
towards  their  orifices. 

GALACTOPHOROUS,  Lactiferous— g.  Duets, 
Lactiferous  ducts — g.  Receptacle,  see  Lactiferous 
vessels  —  g.  Sac,  see  Lactiferous  vessels  —  g. 
Sinuses,  see  Lactiferous  vessels. 

GALACTOPH'ORUS.  Some  accoucheurs  have 
given  this  name  to  an  instrument  intended  to  fa- 
cilitate sucking,  when  the  faulty  conformation  of 
the  nipple  prevents  the  child  from  laying  hold 
of  it. 

GALACTOPH'YGUS,  from  yaXa,  and  <ptvyuv, 
'to  shun.'  That  which  arrests  or  disperses  the 
secretion  of  milk.  Hence  Galactoph'yga  Medi- 
camen'ta. 

GALACTOPLA'NIA,  ILetas'tasis  seu  Aber- 
ra'tio  seu  Vies  extraordina' rim  lactis,  Galactor- 
rhoe'a  erro'nea,  from  yaXa,  and  vXavrj,  'wander- 
ing.' Extravasation  of  milk  into  the  areolar 
membrane.  Secretion  of  milk  elsewhere  than 
from  the  breasts. 

GALACTOPLERO'SIS,  from  yaXa,  and  irX,,- 
puais,  'repletion.'     Redundance  of  milk. 

GALACTOPOEA,  Galaetopoetica. 

GALACTOPOESIS,  Galaetosis. 

GALACTOPOET'ICA,  GalactojA'ora,  Galac 
tago'ga,  Galactopoe'a,  from  yuXa,  and  voieta,  'I 
make.'  Substances  to  which  has  been  attributed 
the  property  of  favouring  the  secretion  of  milk 
and  augmenting  its  quantity. 

GALACTOPOIESIS,  Galaetosis. 

GALACTOPO'SIA,    from    yaXa,    and    wms, 


GALACTOPOTES 


411 


GALIUM 


'drink.'  The  drinking  of  milk.  Treatment  of 
a  disease  by  means  of  milk. 

GALACTOP'OTES,  Galactoj}' otus,  Lactip'otor. 
Same  etymon.  A  drinker  of  milk.  One  sub- 
jected to  a  milk  diet. 

GALACTOPYRA,  Fever,  milk. 

GALACTOPYRETUS,  Fever,  milk. 

GALACTORRHCEA,  Galactia  — g.  Erronea, 
Galaetoplania  —  g.    Saccharata,    Saccharorrhoea 

GALACTOSACCHARUM,  Saceharum  lactis. 

GALACTOSCHESIS,  Galactischesis. 

GALACTO'SIS,  Galactopoie' 8is,  Galaetopoe'- 
sis,  Secre'tio  lactis;  from  ya\a.  The  secretion 
or  formation  of  milk.  _ 

GALACTOT'ROPHE,  Galactotroph'ia,  from 
yaXa,  and  rpoijirj,  'nourishment.'  Nourishment 
by  means  of  milk. 

GALACTOZE'MIA,  from  ya\a,  and  ^i/^ta, 
'loss.'     Loss  of  milk.     Also,  Galactia. 

GALACTU'CHOS,  from  ya\a,  and  t^i^iv,  'in 
have.'     Suckling.     Giving  milk. 

GALACTURIA,  Chyluria. 

GALjEMIA,  Galaetohajmia. 

GALANGA,  Maranta  galanga. 

GALANGAL,  Maranta  galanga. 

GALANGALE,  Cyperus  longus. 

GALARHCEUS  LATHYRIS,  Euphorbia  la- 
thvris — g.  Palustris,  Euphorbia  palustris. 

GALARIPS,  Allamanda. 

GALAX  APHYL'LA,  G.  rotund[fu'Ua,  Ery- 
throrrlu'za  rotundifo' lia ;  Carpenter's  leaf,  Beetle- 
weed  ;  indigenous;  Order  Ericacese.  The  root  is 
astringent,  and  the  leaves,  in  domestic  practice, 
are  applied  to  cuts  and  wounds. 

GALAXIA,  Thoracic  duct. 

GALAX'IAS,  Galaeti'tes,  Galac'tis ;  from  ya'Xa. 
A  milk  stone.  A  stone  supposed  to  be  capable 
of  promoting  the  secretion  of  milk. 

GALBANUM,  see  Bubon  galbanum — g.  Long- 
leaved,  Bubon  galbanum. 

GAL'BULUS,  from  galhus,  'yellow.'  A  kind 
of  congenital  jaundice,  in  which  the  yellow  colour 
continues  through  life.  It  is  rather  a  defect  in 
colour  than  a  disease. — Vogel. 

GALE,  Myrica  gale  —  g.  Odorant,  Myriea  gale 
— g.  Scotch,  Myriea  gale — g.  Sweet,  Myrica  gale. 

GALE,  Psora — g.  Canine,  Psoriasis — ff.  Epi- 
demiqve,  Eczema  —  g.  Miliaire,  Psoriasis  —  g. 
Seche,  Lichen,  Psoriasis. 

GA'LEA.  A  helmet,  from  yaXta,  'a  cat;'  of 
the  skin  of  which  it  was  formerly  made.  [?]  A 
name  given  to  the  amnios,  and  also  to  the  band- 
age of  Galen.  In  Pathology,  it  indicates  a  head- 
ach  affecting  the  whole  head.     See,  also.  Caul. 

Galea  ApoNEnEOT'icA  Cap'itis,  Gn'lea  ten- 
din'ea  Santori'ni,  Ga'lea  caji'itis,  Memlra'na 
epicra'nia.  The  tendinous  expansion  which 
unites  the  frontal  and  occipital  portions  of  the 
ocoipito-frontalis  muscle. 

GALEAMAUROSIS,  Amaurotic  cat's  eye. 

GALEAX'CON,  Galian'con,  from  ya^^sa,  'a 
cat,'  'a  weasel,'  and  ayKtov,  'an  elbow.'  Muste- 
la'neus.     One  who  has  two  short  arms. 

GALEA N'THROPY,  Galeanthro'pia,  from 
yaXza,  'a  cat,'  and  avSpoj-of,  'a  man.'  A  variety 
of  melancholy  in  which  the  patient  believes  him- 
self changed  into  a  cat.  An  affection  similar  to 
lycanthropy  and  cynanthropy. 

GALE'GA,  G.  offioina'lis  sen  vxdga'ris  seu  Per'- 
sica,  Ruta  capra'ria,  Goat's  Rue,  (F.)  Rue  de 
clievre,  Faux  Indigo.  Ord.  Leguminosse.  It  is 
slightly  aromatic,  and  was  once  used  as  a  sudo- 
rific and  alexiterial  in  malignant  fevers,  &c. 

Galega  Apollinea,  Tephrosia  apoUinea — g. 
Persica,  Galega  —  g.  Purpurea,  Tephrosia  apoUi- 
nea— g.  Toxicaria,  Tephrosia  toxicaria. 

Galega  Virginia'na,  Tepliro' sia  Virginia' na, 
Turkey  Pea,  Hoary  Pea,  Devil's  sTioestrings,  Vir- 


ginia Goat's  rue  or  cat-gut,  is  used  in  some  parts 
of  the  United  States  as  an  anthelmintic.  The 
decoction  of  the  root  is  given. 

Galega  Vulgaris,  Galega. 

GALENE,  Graphites. 

GALENEA,  Graphites. 

GALEN'IC,  Galen'ieal,  Galenicals,  Gale'nius, 
(F.)  Galenique,  from  Galenus.  That  which  re- 
lates to  the  doctrine  of  Galen  or  to  Galenism.  Used, 
substantively,  for  drugs  that  are  not  chymical. 

Galenic  Medicine,  Galenism. 

GA'LENISM,  Galen'ic  med'ieine.  The  doc- 
trine of  Galen. 

GA'LENIST,  Galenis'ta,  Galenis'tes.  A  fol- 
lower of  the  doctrine  of  Galen. 

GALENIUS,  Galenic. 

GALEOBDOLON,  Galeopsis. 

GALEOPDOLON,  Galeopsis. 

GALEOPSWE,  Galeopsis  grandiflora. 

GALEOPSIS,  Lamium  album. 

Galeop'siS,  Galiop'sis,  GaleoVdolon,  Galeop'- 
dolon,  La'mium  ruhrum,  Urti'ca  iners  magna  foe- 
tidis'sima,  Stachys  fce'tida,  Hedge  nettle,  (F.) 
Ortie  niorte  des  hois.  Ord.  LabiatEe.  From  yaAta, 
'a  weasel,'  and  oi^iy,  'appearance;'  the  corolla 
having  been  supposed  to  resemble  the  head  of 
the  weasel.  This  plant  was  formerly  reckoned  a 
vulnerary  and  anodyne. 

Galeopsis  Axgustifolia,  G.  grandiflora  —  g. 
Dubia,  G.  grandiflora. 

Galeop'siS  Geandiflo'ra,  G.  Ochroleti'ca  seu 
la'danum  seu  angustifo'lia  seu  du'bi'a  seu  pros- 
tra'ta  seu  villo'sa,  Tetrahit  longiflo'rum,  G.  Seg"- 
etum,  Herha  Sideri'tidis,  (F.)  Galeopside,  Chanvre 
bdtard.  This  plant  is  regarded  in  Germany  as  a 
bitter  resolvent.  It  is  the  basis,  also,  of  a  cele- 
brated nostrum,  the  Blankenheimer  Tea,  called 
likewise  Lieher's  pectoral  and  phthisical  herbs 
(Liebersche  Brust  oder  Auszehrungs- 
Krauter),  which  has  enjoyed  great  repute  in 
pectoral  complaints.  The  tops  of  the  plant  are 
given  in  decoction  (^j,  boiled  in  a  pint  of  water 
for  a  quarter  of  an  hour).  This  quantity  to  be 
taken  in  a  day. 

Galeopsis  Ladanum,  G.  grandiflora — g.  Ochro- 
leuca,  G.  grandiflora- — g.  Prostrata,  G.  grandiflora 
— g.  Segetum,  G.  grandiflora. 

Galeop'siS  Versic'olor,  is  possessed  of  the 
same  virtues. 

Galeopsis  Vulosa,  G.  grandiflora. 

GALEROPIA,  Oxyopia. 

GALEUX,  Psoric. 

GA'LIA.  An  ancient  composition,  in  which 
galls  were  an  ingredient;  the  Galia  pura.  There 
was  also  a  Galia  aromat'ica,  moscha'ta  seu  ?hms- 
ca'ta,  which  consisted  of  a  mixture  of  several 
perfumes,  such  as  musk. 

GALIAXCON,  Galeancon. 

GALIOPSIS,  Galeopsis. 

GALIP^A  FEBRIFUGA,  Cusparia  febrifuga 
— g.  Officinalis,  see  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

GALIPOT,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

GA'LIUM,  Gal'lium,  (from  ya\a,  'milk,'  be- 
cause some  species  curdle  milk.)     G.  verum. 

Galium  Album,  G.  Mollugo. 

Ga'lium  Apari'xe,  G.  infest'um  seu  aparinoi'- 
des  seu  brachycarp'on  seu  scaber'rimum,  Valan'tia 
apari'ne,  Apari'ne,  A.  his'pida,  Lapipa,  Philan- 
thro'pus,  Ampelocar'puf,  Oniphalocar'pus,  IxHS, 
Asphari' ne,  Asper' ida.  Goose-grass,  Cleaver' a 
bees,  Cleavers,  Goose-share,  Robin-run-the-hedge, 
Hayriff,  (Old  Eng.)  Clitheren,  (Prov.)  Clider,  Cli- 
ver ;  Order,  RubiaceaB ;  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  (F.)  Gaillet  occrochant,G.  crochant,Grat- 
teron.  The  expressed  juice  has  been  given  as  an 
aperient  diuretic  in  incipient  dropsies  ;  also  in 
cancer  ;  and  the  decoction  in  Lepra  and  Psoriasis. 

Galium  Aparanoides,  G.  aparine. 

Ga'lium  Asprell'um,  Rough  bed-straw,  RovgTi 


GALL 


412 


GANGLION 


ladles'  hed-sfraio ;  indigenous;  has  the  diuretic 
properties  of  most  of  its  genus. 

Galium  Brachycarpon,  G.  aparine  —  g.  Cau- 
casieum,  G.  verum. 

Galium  Circ^'zans,  Wild  Liquorice,  Master 
of  the  Woods.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  flow- 
ers from  June  to  August.  It  is  demulcent  and 
diuretic,  and  is  a  popular  domestic  remedy. 

Galium  Infeste,  G.  aparine  —  g.  Luteum,  G. 
verum. 

Galium  Mollu'go,  Galium  album  seu  Tyro- 
len'se,  Alys'sum  Plin'il,  Greater  ladles'  bed-straw, 
(F.)  Calllelalt  bla/ia.  The  herb  and  flowers  have 
been  used  medicinally  in  epilepsy. 

Galium  Odoratum,  Asperula  odorata — g.  Sca- 
herrimum,  G.  aparine. 

Ga'lium  Tincto'rum,  an  American  species, 
closely  allied  in  properties  to  G.  verum. 

Galium  Tyrolense,  G.  mollugo — g.  Tubercu- 
latum, G.  verum. 

Ga'lium  Verum,  Ga'lium,  G.  lu'teum  seu  Can- 
ca'slcum  seu  tuhercula'tum,  Ladles'  bed-straxc, 
Cheese -rennet,  Bed -straw,  Cleaveioort,  Goose- 
grass,  Savoynn,  Clabher-grass,  llllksweet.  Poor 
Robin,  Gravel-grass,  (F.)  Gaillet  jaune  ou  vral, 
Vrai  Caillelalt.  The  tops  were  used  in  the  cure 
of  epilepsy.  The  leaves  and  flowers  possess  the 
property  of  curdling  milk. 

GALL,  Bile,  see  Chafing,  and  Eczema  impetigi- 
nodes,  Quercus  infectoria,  and  Vitrum — g.  of  the 
Earth,  Prenanthes,  P.  alba — g.  Nut,  see  Quercus 
infectoria — g.  of  the  Ox,  see  Bile— g.  of  the  Skin, 
Chafing — g.  Turkey,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALL-BLADDER,  Veslc'ula  fellls,  Chol'e- 
cyst,  Cholecys'tls,  F<dllc'ulns  fellls,  Cystls  fel'lea 
seu  choled'ochus,  Vesl'ca  fellea  seu  billa'rin, 
Vesic'nla  bills,  Follic'idus  fel'leus,  (F.)  Veslcule 
du  fiel  ou  hillaire.  Reservoir  de  la  bile.  A 
membranous,  pyriform  reservoir,  lodged  in  a  su- 
perficial depression  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
right  lobe  of  the  liver.  It  receives,  by  the  hepa- 
tic and  cystic  ducts,  a  portion  of  the  bile  secreted 
by  the  liver,  when  the  stomach  is  empty,  which 
becomes  in  it  more  acrid,  bitter,  and  thick.  It 
receives  an  artery,  called  the  cystic.  Its  veins 
empty  into  the  vena  porta.  Its  nerves  come  from 
the  hepatic  plexus,  and  its  lymphatic  vessels  join 
those  of  the  liver. 

GALLA,  see  Quercus  infectoria  —  g.  Maxima 
Orbiculata,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALLiE  QUERCUS,  see  Quercus  infectoria— 
g.  Tinctorias,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g.  Turcicce, 
see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALLATURA,  Molecule. 

GALLE  DE  CHENE,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALLI  GALLINACEI  CAPUT,  Gallinaginis 
caput. 

GALLINAG"INIS  CAPUT,  Galll  gallina'cei 
Caput,  Caput  gallina'ceum,  Collie'ulns  semina'lls, 
Carnn'cnla  semina'lis,  Veru  monta'num.  Crista 
nrethra'lis  seu  ttre'thrcs,  Crete  urethrale,  —  (Ch.,) 
from  gallinago,  gallinaginis,  'a  woodcock.'  An 
oblong,  rounded  projection,  formed  by  the  mucous 
membrane  in  the  spongy  portion  of  the  urethra, 
at  the  sides  of  which  the  ejaculatory  ducts  open. 

GAL'LIPOT,  (Prov.)  Glumpot.  Perhaps  from 
gala,  'finery.'  [?]  A  pot  painted  and  glazed,  or 
merely  glazed,  and  commonly  used  to  hold  medi- 
cines. 

GALLITRICHUM,  Salvia  sclarea. 

GALLIUM,  Galium. 

GALLS,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g.  Bussorah, 
see  Quercus  infectoria  —  g.  Mecca,  see  Quercus 
infectoria. 

GALLSICKNESS,  Fever,  Walcheren. 

GALLSTONES,  Calculi,  biliary. 

GALLUS,  Eunuch. 

GALREDA,  Gelatin. 


GALVANIA  VELLOZII,  Palicourea  Marc- 
graavii. 

GALVANIC  CAUTERY,  see  Moxa. 

GALVANISATION,  Galvanization. 

GAL'VANISM,  Galvanis'mus,  Electrie"lta8 
anima'lis  seu  Galvan'ica  seu  metal'lica,  Irrita- 
men'tum  metallo'rnm  seu  metal'licum,  Vol'taism, 
Volta'ic  or  Chemical  or  Contact  Electricity.  Called 
after  Galvani.  A  series  of  phenomena,  consisting 
in  sensible  movements,  executed  by  animal  parts, 
which  are  endowed  with  irritability,  when  placed 
in  connexion  with  two  metallic  plates  of  different 
nature,  between  which  a  communication  is  esta- 
blished by  direct  contact  or  by  means  of  a  metal- 
lic wire.  Galvanism  has  been  employed  medici- 
nally in  the  same  cases  as  electricity,  and  espe- 
cially in  neuralgic  afl'ections.  It  is  often  applied 
in  the  form  of  plates, — " Hansford's  plates."  In 
asthma,  for  example,  a  small  blister,  the  size  of  a 
dollar,  may  be  placed  on  the  neck  over  the  course 
of  the  phrenic  and  pneumogastric  nerves,  and 
another  on  the  side,  in  the  region  of  the  dia- 
phragm. One  metal  is  placed  mediately  or  im- 
mediately over  the  vesicated  surface  on  the  neck, 
and  another  over  that  in  the  side.  They  are 
then  connected  by  means  of  a  wire.  The  new 
nervous  impression,  in  this  way  induced,  is  often 
signally  beneficial. 

GALVANIZATION,  Galvanlsa'tio,  (F.)  Gal- 
vanisation.    The  act  of  affecting  with  galvanism. 

Galvanization,  Lo'calized.  (F.)  Galvanisa- 
tion localisee.  A  mode  of  employing  galvanism, 
proposed  by  Duchenne,  of  Boulogne,  by  which,  he 
conceives,  the  electric  influence  may  be  arrested, 
at  will,  in  the  skin;  or,  without  any  incision  or 
puncture,  the  skin  may  be  traversed,  and  the  elec- 
tric influence  be  limited  to  the  organs  which  it  co- 
vers— to  the  nerves,  muscles,  and  even  the  bones. 

GALVANOPUNCTURE,  Electropuncture. 

GAMBA,  Patella. 

GAMBARUS,  Crab. 

GAMBIER,  see  Catechu  and  Nauclea  gambir, 

GAMBIR,  see  Catechu  and  Nauclea  gambir. 

GAMBOGIA,  Cnmbogia. 

GAMBOIDIA,  Cambogia. 

GAMMARUS,  Crab. 

GAM'MATA  FERRAMEN'TA.  Cauteries, 
having  the  shape  of  the  Greek  letter  V,  gamma, 
which  were  used  for  cauterizing  hernije. 

GAMMAUT,  Gammot.  The  Italians,  accord- 
ing to  Scultetus,  gave  this  name  to  a  kind  of 
crooked  bistouri,  used  for  opening  abscesses. 

GAMMISMUS,  Psammismus. 

GAMPHE,  Gena. 

GAMPHELE,  Gena,  Maxillary  Bone. 

GANGAME,  Epiploon. 

GANGAMUM,  Epiploon. 

GANGLIA  CEREBRI  POSTICA,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum — g.  Formative,  see  Ganglion 
— g.  Hemispherical,  Hemispheres  of  the  brain 
—  g.  of  Increase,  see  Ganglion  —  g.  Nervorum, 
Ganglions,  nervous,  see  Ganglion  —  g.  Respira- 
tory, see  Encephalon  —  g.  Sensory,  see  Sensory 
ganglia — g.  Stomato-gastric,  see  Encephalon. 

GANGLIAR,  Ganglionic. 

GANGLIATED,  Ganglionic. 

GANG'LIFORM,  Gang'liofomi,  Ganglifor'mis. 
Having  the  shape  of  a  ganglion.  From  ganglion, 
and  forma,  'form.' 

GANGLIITIS,  Ganglionitis. 

GANGLI'OLUM,  Diminutive  of  ganglion.  A 
sm.all  sranglion. 

GANGLIO'MA.  A  tumour  of  the  glands  or 
of  the  lymphatic  ganglions,  and  especially  epi- 
thelioma of  them. — Nysten. 

GANG'LION,  Gang'lium.  In  anatomy,  a  name 
generally  given  to  a  knot-like  enlargement  in  the 
course  of  a  nerve.  It  is  applied,  however,  to 
organs  differing  considerably  from  each  other  in 


GANGLION 


413 


GANGRENE 


size,  colour,  texture,  functions,  &c.  They  are 
divided  into  glandiform,  lymphatic,  and  nervous. 

1.  Glandiform  ganglions,  called  also  adenoid,  vas- 
cular, and  sanguineous  ganglions ;  blind,  aporie, 
ductless,  blood,  and  vascular  glands;  glandules 
spuria,  <fcc.,  are  organs  of  whose  functions  we 
are,  in  general,  ignorant;  and  which  have  the 
appearance  of  glands.  They  are  formed  of  ag- 
glomerated globules,  pervaded  by  blood-vessels 
surrounded  by  areolar  membrane,  and  contain  a 
milky  or  yellowish  fluid.  To  this  class  belong  the 
spleen,  thymus,  thyroid,  and  supra-renal  glands. 
They  are,  doubtless,  concerned  in  sanguification. 

2.  Lymphat'ic  ganglions.  See  Conglobate.  3.  Ner- 
vous ganglions,  Ganglia  seu  Ganglio'nes  seu  Nodi 
seu  Nod'uli  Nervo'rum,  Tumo'rea  seu  Plexus 
ganglioform'es,  Plexus  glandifor' mes,  Tuher'cula 
nodo'sa  Nervo'rum,  Uivertio'ula  spirituum  ani- 
ma'lium,  Ganglia  of  increase,  Form' alive  gang'lia. 
Enlargements  or  knots  in  the  course  of  a  nerve. 
They  belong,  in  general,  to  the  system  of  the 
great  sympathetic.  One  exists  on  the  posterior 
root  of  every  spinal  nerve,  and  on  one  cerebral, — 
the  5th.  Bichat  regarded  them  as  so  many  small 
brains,  or  centres  of  nervous  action,  independent 
of  the  encephalon,  and  intended  exclusively  for 
organic  life.  Being  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
cerebral  and  spinal  nerves,  they  may  send  out 
the  influence  of  both  these  nervous  centres  to  the 
parts  to  which  the  nerves  proceeding  from  them 
are  distributed.  Ganglia  are  chiefly  composed  of 
vesicular  neurine;  and  appear  to  be  concerned 
in  the  formation  and  dispensation  of  nerve  power. 

Gaxgliox,  (yayyXiov,  Aetius.)  Same  etymon. 
Emphy' ma  encys'tis  ganglion.  A  globular,  hard, 
indolent  tumour,  without  change  in  the  colour  of 
the  skin  ;  of  a  size  varying  from  that  of  a  pea,  to 
that  of  an  egg,  and  always  situate  in  the  course 
of  a  tendon.  The  tumour  is  formed  of  a  viscid, 
albuminous  fluid,  contained  in  a  cyst  of  greater 
or  less  thickness.  The  cyst  is  sometimes  loose; 
but  in  the  majority  of  eases  it  communicates,  by 
a  narrow  footstalk,  with  the  sheath  of  a  tendon, 
or  even  with  the  synovial  capsule  of  a  neighbour- 
ing articulation.  The  causes  are  generally  un- 
known. The  treatment  consists  in  compression, 
percussion,  the  use  of  discutients,  extirpation,  or 
incision. 

Ganglion  Abdoiiinale,  G.  semilunar — g.  Ade- 
noid, G.  glandiform  —  g.  of  Andersch,  Petrous 
ganglion  —  g.  Annular,  see  Ciliary  ligament — g. 
of  Arnold,  Oticum  ganglion  —  g.  Auricular,  Oti- 
cum  G.  —  g.  Azygous,  see  Trisplanehnic  nerve  — 
g.  Cardiac,  Cardiac  ganglion  —  g.  Carotic  or  Ca- 
rotid, see  Carotid  or  Carotic  nerve — g.  Caver- 
nous, see  Carotid  or  Carotic  nerve  —  g.  Cerebelli, 
Corpus  dentatum — g.  Cerebral,  anterior.  Corpora 
striata  —  g.  Cerebri  Anterius,  Corpora  striata  — 
g.  Cerebral,  inferieur,  grand,  Thalami  nervorum 
opticorum  —  g.  Cerebral,  posterior,  Thalami  ner- 
vorum opticorum — g.  du  Cervelet,  Corpus  denta- 
tum—  g.  Ciliare,  Corpus  dentatum — g.  Ciliary, 
Ophthalmic  ganglion  —  g.  Corpuscles,  see  Neu- 
rine. 

Ganglion  of  Ehkenritt'er,  Ganglion  newi 
glosso-pharynge'i  supe'rius,  G.  jugula're  supe'rius 
seu  Ehrenritt' eri  seu  Mull'eri.  A  reddish-gray 
mass  on  the  glosso-pharyngeal  nerve  in  the  fora- 
men lacerum,  above  the  ganglion  of  Andersch. 
Ganglion  op  the  Fifth  Nerve,  G.  of  Gasser. 
Ganglion  of  Gasser,  Gan'glium  seu  Gan'- 
glion  Gass'eri  seu  Gasseria'num  seu  semihtna're, 
Moles  garigliform'is,  Intumeseen'tia  gangliform'is 
seu  semiluna'ris,  Tce'nia  nervo'sa  Hatl'eri,  Gan- 
glion of  the  fifth  nerve.  A  semicircular  knot  on 
the  5th  pair  of  nerves,  before  its  division  into 
three  branches. 

Ganglion,  Glandiform,  see  Ganglion  —  g. 
Globules,see  Neurine — g.  Impar,  see  Trisplanehnic 


nerve — g.  Jugulare  superius,  G.  of  Ehrenritter — g. 
Laiteux,  Milk-knot — g.  of  Laumonier,  see  Carotid 
or  Carotic  nerve — g.  Lenticular,  Ophthalmic  G. — 
g.  Lymphatic,  Conglobate  gland — g.  3/axillo- 
tympanique,  Oticum  G.  —  g.  of  Meckel,  Spheno- 
palatine G. — g.  MuUeri,  G.  of  Ehrenritter  —  g. 
Nasopalatine,  see  Nasopalatine  ganglion  —  g. 
Nervi  glosso-pharyngei  superius,  G.  of  Ehrenrit- 
ter—  g.  Nervous,  Neuroma — g.  Ophthalmic,  see 
Ophthalmic  ganglion  —  g.  Optic,  Quadrigemina 
tubercula — g.  Orbitar,  G.  ophthalmic — g.  Oticum, 
Oticum  G. — g.  Petrosal,  see  Petrous  ganglion. 

Ganglion  op  the  Pneumogas'tric.  A  gan- 
glionic structure  in  the  pneumogastric  as  it  passes 
through  the  foramen  lacerum  posterius. 

Ganglion  of  Ribes.  A  nervous  ganglion  upon 
the  anterior  communicating  artery  of  the  bruin, 
and  to  be  found  at  the  point  of  junction  of  the 
right  and  left  trunks  of  the  sympathetic. 

Ganglion,  Sanguineous,  G.  ghmdiform  —  g. 
Semilunare,  G.  of  Gasser,  Ophthalmic  ganglion 
— g.  Sensory,  see  Sensory  ganglia — g.  Solare,  G. 
semilunare — g.  Sphenoidal,  Sphenopalatine  gan- 
glion—  g.  Spinal,  see  Encephalon  —  g.  Splanch- 
nicura,  G.  semilunare  —  g.  Snperieur  du  cerveau 
(grand,)  Corpora  striata  —  g.  of  the  Superior 
Laryngeal  Branch,  see  Pneumo-gastric  nerves  — 
g.  Surrenal,  G.  semilunare — g.  Thyroid,  see  Tri- 
splanehnic nerve — g.  Transversum,  G.  semilunare 
—  g.  Vascular,  G.  glandiform  —  g.  Vertebral,  see 
Trisplanehnic  nerve — g.  de  Vieussens,  Coeliac 
plexus. 

GANGLIONARY,  Ganglionic. 
GANGLIONES     NERVORUxM,      Ganglions, 
nervous. 

GANGLION'IC,  Ganglion'icus,  Gan'glionary, 
Gan'gliar,  Gan'gliated,  from  ganglion,  (F.)  Gan- 
glionnaire.  Relating  to  ganglia.  Nerves  are  so 
called  in  the  course  of  which  ganglions  are  met 
with  ;  as  the  greater  part  of  the  branches  of  the 
great  sympathetic  or  trisplanehnic,  the  posterior 
roots  of  the  spinal  nerves,  &c.  Ganglionics,  ac- 
cording to  Dr.  Pereira,  are  agents,  which  affect 
the  ganglionic  or  great  sympathetic  system  of 
nerves,  [?] — as  stimulants  and  sedatives. 

Ganglionic  Nerve,  Trisplanehnic  nerve  —  g. 
Nervous  System,  see  Trisplanehnic  nerve. 

GANGLIONI'TIS,  Ganylii'tis,  from  yayyliov, 
'a  ganglion,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  a  nervous  ganglion.  Sometimes 
used  for  inflammation  of  a  lymphatic  ganglion. 

Ganglionitis  Peripherica  et  Medullaris, 
Cholera. 

GANGLIONNAIRE,  Ganglionic. 
GANGLIUM,  Ganglion — g.  Gasseri,  Ganglion 
of  Gasser. 

GANGR^NA,  Gangrene  — g.  Alopecia,  Alo- 
pecia— g.  Caries,  Caries — g.  Nosocomiorum,  Hos- 
pital gangrene  —  g.  Oris,  Cancer  aquaticus  —  g. 
Ossis,    Spina   ventosa  —  g.   Ossium,    Caries  —  g. 
Pottii,  see  Gangrene,  and  Gangrene  of  old  people 
—  g.  Pulmonum,  Necropneuraonia  —  g.    Senilis, 
Gangrene  of  old  people — g.  Sphacelus,  Sphacelus 
— g.  Tonsillarum,  Cynanche  maligna — g.  Ustila. 
ginea.  Ergotism — g.  Vaginte,  Colpocace. 
GANGR^NESCENTIA,  Gangra^nosis. 
GANGR^NICUS,  Gangrenous. 
GANGR^NODES,  Gangrenous. 
GANGRJilNOPS'IS,    from    yayypaiva,    'gan- 
grene, and  o\\,is,  'the  countenance.'     Cancer  aqua- 
ticus; also,  gangrenous  inflammation  of  the  eye- 
lids ;  Blephari'tis  gangrcs»o'sa. — Siebenhaar. 

GANGR^NO'SIS,  Gangrmnescen'tia,  from 
yayypaiva,  'gangrene.'  The  State  of  being  gan- 
grenous or  of  becoming  gangrenous. 
GANGRiENOSUS,  Gangrenous. 
GANGRENE,  Gangrm'na,  Canere'na,  Hot  mor- 
tification, (F.)  Gangrene,  G.  Chaude,  Asphyxiedea 
parties,  from  ypam,  ypaivw,  '  I  eat.'     Privation  of 


GANGRENE  DE  LA  BOUCHE    414        GARULEDM    BIPINNATUM 


life  or  partial  death  of  an  organ.  Authors  have 
generally  distinguished  mortification  into  two 
stages;  naming  the  first  inei-pient  or  gangrene. 
It  is  attended  with  a  sudden  diminution  of  feel- 
ing in  the  part  affected ;  livid  discoloration  ;  de- 
tachment of  the  cuticle,  under  which  a  turbid 
fluid  is  effused;  with  crepitation,  owing  to  the 
disengagement  of  air  into  the  areolar  texture. 
When  the  part  has  become  quite  black,  and  in- 
capable of  all  feeling,  circulation,  and  life,  it  con- 
stitutes the  second  stage,  or  mortification,  and  is 
called  sj}hac"elus.  Gangrene,  however,  is  fre- 
quently used  synonymously  with  mortification, — 
local  asphyxia  being  the  term  employed  for  that 
condition,  in  which  the  parts  are  in  a  state  of 
suspended  animation,  and,  consequently,  suscep- 
tible of  resuscitation.  When  the  part  is  filled 
with  fluid  entering  into  putrefaction,  the  affection 
is  called  humid  gangrene,  (F.)  Gangrene  huniide  : 
on  the  other  hand,  when  it  is  dry  and  shrivelled, 
it  constitutes  rfr^  jraH^reiie  y  (F.)  Gangrene  seche. 
To  this  class  belongs  the  gangra'na  seni'lis,  G. 
Pot'tii,  Preshyosphac' elus,  or  spontaneous  gan- 
grene of  old  people,  which  rarely  admits  of  cure. 
Whatever  may  be  the  kind  of  gangrene,  it  may 
be  caused  by  violent  inflammation,  contusion,  a 
burn,  congelation,  the  ligature  of  a  large  arterial 
trunk,  or  by  some  inappreciable  internal  cause. 

The  treatment,  both  of  external  and  internal 
gangrene,  varies  according  to  the  causes  which 
produce  it.  Gangrene  from  excessive  inflamma- 
tion is  obviated  by  antiphlogistics  ;  and  that  from 
intense  cold  by  cautiously  restoring  the  circula- 
tion by  cold  frictions,  &e.  When  the  gangrene 
has  become  developed,  the  separation  of  the 
eschars  must  be  encouraged  by  emollient  appli- 
cations, if  there  be  considerable  reaction  ;  or  by 
tonics  and  stimulants,  if  the  reaction  be  insufli- 
cient. 

Gangrene,  Hospital,  see  Hospital  gangrene 
— g.  of  the  Lungs,  Necropneumonia. 

GANGRENE  BE  LA  BOUCHE,  Cancer 
aquaticus  —  g.  Chaude,  Gangrene — g.  Froide, 
Sphacelus — g.  Humide,  see  Gangrene — g.  Seche, 
see  Gangrene — g.  Hopital,  Hospital  gangrene  — 
g.  du  Poumon,  Necropneumonia — g.  des  Solonois, 
Ergotism. 

GAN'GRENOUS,  GangrcB'nicus,  Gangrano'sus, 
GangrcBHo'des,  {¥.)  Gangrhieux.  Aff'ected  with  or 
relating  to  gangrene. 

Gangrenous  Erosion  of  the  Cheek,  Cancer 
aquaticus. 

GAN.JAH,  Gunjah. 

GANTELET  (P.),  Chirothe'ca,  Faa'cia  digi- 
ta'lis.  Gauntlet;  from  (F.)  gant,  'a  glove.'  A 
sort  of  bandage  which  envelops  the  hand  and 
fingers  like  a  glove.  It  is  made  with  a  long 
roller,  about  an  inch  broad;  and  is  applied  so 
that  the  fingers  are  covered  to  their  tips,  when 
it  is  called  Gantelet  entier  ou  complet.  The  Demi- 
gantelet  includes  only  the  hand  and  base  of  the 
fingers.  Both  bandages  are  used  in  fractures  and 
luxations  of  the  fingers,  burns  of  the  hand,  <fec. 
See  Chirotheca-. 

GANTS  DES  BABIES,  Condom— gr.  de  Notre 
Bame,  Digitalis. 

GAOL  CACHEXIA,  see  Cachexia,  gaol. 

GAPING,  Yawning. 

GARANCE,  Rubia. 

GARCIN'IA  CAMBO'GIA,  G.  seu  Camhogia 
gutta,  Mangosta'na  Camhogia.  Ord.  Guttiferae. 
A  tree  of  Ceylon,  Family,  Guttiferse,  which  affords 
a  concrete  juice  similar  to  Gamboge. 

Garcinia  Gutta,  G.  Cambogia. 

Gaecin'ia  Mangosta'na,  Mangosta'na  Gar- 
cin'ia,  from  Garcin,  who  accurately  described  it. 
The  systematic  name  of  the  Mangostan' ,  Man- 
gousian',  Mangostine'  or  Mangosteen'  tree,  Man- 


gosta'na. It  grows  in  great  abundance  in  Java 
and  the  Molucca  islands.  The  fruit,  which  is 
about  the  size  of  an  orange,  is  delicious,  and  is 
eaten  in  almost  every  disorder.  The  dried  bark 
is  used  medicinally  in  dysentery  and  tenesmus ; 
and  a  strong  decoction  has  been  much  esteemed 
in  ulcerated  sore  throat. 

Garcin'ia  Purpu'rea.  From  this  species  a 
concrete  oil  of  Mangosteen  is  obtained,  which  is 
called,  in  India,  Kokum  butter,  Kokum  being  the 
Indian  name  of  Mangosteen.  The  oil  is  extracted 
from  the  fruit  by  boiling.  It  is  used  in  India  in 
cases  of  chaps. 

GARDE-3IALABE,  Nurse. 

GARDENIA  DUMETORUM,  Randia  dume- 
torum— g.  Spinosa,  G.  dumetorum. 

GARDEROBE,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

GARDEROBES,  Fseoes. 

GARDINER'S  ALIMENTARY  PREPAKA- 
TION,  see  Oryza. 

GARDOUOHES,  Vesiculae  seminales. 

GARETUM,  Poples. 

GARGALISMUS,  Gargalus. 

GAR'GALUS,  Gar'gale,  Gargalis'mus,  Titil- 
la'tio,  Irrita'tio,  Pruri'tus.  Titillation,  irritar 
tion,  itching.  Also,  masturbation ;  and,  rarely, 
animal  magnetism. 

GARGAREON,  Uvula. 

GARGARISATIO,  Gargarism, 

GAR'GARISM,  Gargaris'mus,  Gargaris'ma, 
Anagargalic'ton,  Garguris'mum,  Collu'tio,  Bia- 
clys'ma,  Anagargaris' ton,  Anagargarism' us,  Ana- 
conchylis'mus,  Anaconchylias'mus,  Titi II amen' turn, 
from  yapyapi^u),  'I  wash  the  mouth,'  'I  gargle.' 
A  gargle.  Any  liquid  medicine,  intended  to  be 
retained  in  the  mouth,  for  a  certain  time,  and  to 
be  thrown  in  contact  with  the  uvula,  velum  pen- 
dulum, tonsils,  &a.  For  this  purpose,  the  liquid 
is  agitated  by  the  air  issuing  from  the  larynx,  the 
head  being  thrown  back.  Gargles  are  employed 
in  cynanche  tonsillaris  and  other  diseases  of  the 
fauces,  and  are  made  of  stimulants,  sedatives, 
astringents,  refrigerants,  &c.,  according  to  cir- 
cumstances. 

The  process  is  termed  gargling,  gargarisa'tio. 

The  term  colhito'rium  or  collutorium  oris  is  ge- 
nerally restricted  to  a  wash  for  the  mouth. 

GARGET,  Phytolacca  decandra. 

GARGLE,  Gargarism. 

GARGLING,  see  Gargarism. 

GARG0UILLE3IENT,  Borborygmus,  Gur- 
gling.    See  Ra,le  muqueux. 

GARLIC,  Allium  — g.  Hedge,  Alliaria— g. 
Meadow,  Allium  Canadense. 

GARLOCK,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

GAROSMUM,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

GAROU  BARK,  Daphne  gnidium, 

GARRETUM,  Poples. 

GARROPHYLLIIS,  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GARROT  (F.),  garrot,  from  garotter,  'to  tie 
fast.'  A  compressing  bandage,  tightened  by 
twisting  a  small  cylinder  of  wood,  by  which  the 
arteries  of  a  limb  are  compressed,  for  the  purpose 
of  suspending  the  flow  of  blood  in  cases  of  hemor- 
rhage, aneurism,  amputation,  &c. 

GARROTILLO,  Cynanche  maligna. 

GARRULITAS,  Loquacity. 

GARU'LEUM  BIPINNA'TUM.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Ord.  Compositse;  known  under  the 
name  Snakeroot,  from  its  reputed  effects  as  an 
antidote  to  the  bites  of  venomous  serpents.  The 
root  is  a  great  favourite  with  the  Boers  in  chest 
diseases — as  asthma — and  in  affections  in  which 
a  free  secretion  from  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  bronchia  is  indicated.  It  has  diaphoretic 
properties,  and  acts  as  a  diuretic  in  gout  and 
dropsy.  It  is  given  in  decoction  or  tincture.  Dr. 
Pappe  thinks  the  root  ought  to  have  a  place  in 
the  Materia  Medica. 


GARUM 


415 


GASTRITIS 


GARTJM,  yapov,  Licul'men,  Ziqva'men.  The 
ancient  Romans  gave  this  name  to  a  kind  of 
pickle  made  by  collecting  the  liquor  which  flowed 
from  salted  and  half-putrefied  fish.  It  was  used 
as  a  condiment. —  The  Geoponics,  Humelberg  on 
Apicius,  Martial,  &c. 

GAR  VANCE,  Cicer  arietinum. 
GAS,  see  Gaz — g.  Ammoniacale,  Ammonia  — 
g.  Animale  sanguinis,  Gaz  sanguinis — g.Azoticum, 
Azote  —  g.  Azotieum  oxygenatum,  Nitrogen,  ga- 
seous oxide  of —  g.  Hepaticum,  Hydrogen,  sul- 
phuretted—  g.  Hydrogenium  sulphuretum,  Hy- 
drogen, sulphuretted — g.  Intoxicating,  Nitrogen, 
gaseous  oxide  of — g.  Laughing,  Nitrogen,  gaseous 
oxide  of — g.  of  the  Lungs,  Gaz,  pulmonary — g. 
Nitrous,  dephlogisticated.  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide 
of — g.  Oxygenated  muriatic  acid.  Chlorine  —  g. 
Oxymuriatic  acid,  Chlorine — g.  Palustre,  Miasm, 
marsh — g.  Paradise,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide  of 
— g.  Sulphuris,  Sulphurous  acid. 
GASCARILLA,  Croton  cascarilla. 
GASPING,  Anhelatio. 

GASTEIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Gastein  or  Gasteiner  Wildbad  is  in  the  Noric 
Alps,  Austria.  The  waters  are  thermal.  Temp. 
106°  to  118°  Fah.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride  of  potassium, 
carbonate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  lime,  magnesia, 
manganese,  iron,  &c. 

GASTER,  yacrijp.  The  abdomen.  At  times, 
but  rarely,  the  uterus.  Also,  the  stomach,  in 
particular  ;  Hence  : 

GASTERALGIA,  Gastralgia. 
GASTERANAX,  from  yaarvp,  'the  abdomen,' 
and  ava^,  'a  king.'  A  name  given  by  Dolseus  to 
a  hypothetical  vital  principle,  corresponding  to 
the  Archaeus  of  Van  Helmont,  the  seat  of  which 
he  placed  in  the  lower  belly.     See  Bithnimalca. 

GASTERANGEMPHRAXIS,  Gasterangiem- 
phraxis. 

GASTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Gasterangem- 
jihrax'is,  Gasteremphrax'is.  Obstruction  of  the 
pylorus;  from  yaaTtip,  'stomach,'  ayx<^,  'I  stran- 
gle,' and  eiKppavcroi,  '  I  obstruct.' — Vogel.  Also, 
and  properly,  obstruction  or  congestion  of  the 
vessels  of  the  stomach. 
GASTERASE,  Pepsin. 

GASTERASTHENI'A,7m6ec!7;'i7a«seu^<o;i'i-rt 
seu  Lax'itaa  venfric'vli /  from  yaarrip,  'stomach,' 
and  aadtvua,  'debility.'  Debility  of  the  stomach. 
GASTERATAXIA,  Emharras  gastrique. 
GASTERECHE'MA,  Gastreche'ma,  Son'itus 
gtomach'icus ;  from  yuortjp,  'the  stomach,'  and 
VXlfO)  'sound.'  Sound  heard  on  auscultating  or 
percussing  the  region  of  the  stomach,  and  referred 
to  that  organ. 

GASTEREMPHRAXIS,  Gasterangiem- 
phraxis. 

GASTERHYSTEROTOMY,  CiEsarean  section. 
GASTR^'MIA,  from  yaarrip,  'the   stomach, 
and  'atpa,  'blood.'     Hyperemia  of  the  stomach. 
GASTRALGIA,  Cardialgia. 
GASTRANBURYSMA,  Gastrectasis. 
_  GASTRATROPH'IA,  from   yanrr,p,  'the  sto- 
mach,' and  aTpo<pia,  'wasting.'    Atrophy  of  the 
stomach. 

GASTRECHEMA,  Gasterechema. 
GASTRECTASIS,    Gaetreeta'sia,    Gastraneu- 
rys'ma,  Dilata'tio  ventric'uli :  from  yaarrip,  '  the 
stomach,'    and   exTaai;,    'dilatation.'     Dilatation 
of  the  stomach. 

GASTRELCOBROSIS,  Gastrobrosis  ulcerosa. 
GASTRELCO'SIS,  Ulcera'tlo  seu  Exulcera'tio 
seu  Ul'cera  ventric'uli,  from  yacrtjp,  '  the  stomach,' 
and  'tXfcuffis,  'ulceration.'  Ulceration  of  the  sto- 
mach. When  accompanied  with  hectic,  it  con- 
Btitutes  Gastrophthi'sis,  Gastroph'thoe. 

GASTRELYTROTOMIA,  see  Cesarean  Sec- 
tion. 


GASTRENCEPHALO'MA,  Gastromyelo'ma, 
Gostromi/elo'sis,  Gastroencejyhalo' sis;  from  yaorrip, 
'the  stomach,'  and  eyKe(paXos,  'the  brain.'  En- 
cephaloid  of  the  stomach. 

GASTRENCHYTA,  Stomach  pump. 
GASTRENTERIC,  Gastroentericus. 
GASTRENTERITIC,  Gastroenteritic. 
GASTRENTEROMALA'CIA,   Gastrenteroma- 
lax'is,  from  yaarrip,  'stomach,'  evrepov  'intestine,' 
and  na\aKia,  'softening.'     Softening  of  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines. 

GASTREPATICUS,  Gastrohepatic. 
GASTREPATI'TIS,    Inflamma'tio    ventric'vl; 
et  hep'atis;  from  yaarrip,  'stomach,'  and  '//Trap, 
'liver.'     Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  liver. 
GASTREPIPLOICITS,  Gastroepiploic. 
GASTRERETHIS'IA;  from  ya<7r«p,  '  sto- 
mach,'  and  cpeOt^oj,  'I  irritate.'    Irritation  of  th« 
stomach. 

GASTRIC,  Gae'tricus ;  from  yamrip,  'the  sto- 
mach.'    Belonging  or  relating  to  the  stomach. 

Gastric  Ar'teries  are  three  in  number,  Ar- 
te'ria  gastro-epiplo'ica  dcxtra,  A.  gastro-e2n2>loi' • 
ea  ainis'tra,  and  A.  corona'ria  ventri'ciiU. 

Gastric  Jdice,  Suceus  gas'tricus,  3Ien'strunm 
seu  Ferment' urn  Ventric'uli,  (F.)  Sue  Gastrique, 
Gastric  Acid.  A  fluid,  secreted  from  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  stomach.  As  met  with,  it  is  a 
mixture  of  the  fluids  secreted  by  that  organ  with 
those  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  portion  of  the 
alimentary  canal.  Owing  to  such  admixture,  the 
most  contrary  properties  have  been  assigned  to 
it.  That  such  a  fluid  is  secreted,  which  concurs 
powerfully  in  digestion,  is  evident  from  many 
considerations,  and  has  been  positively  proved 
by  the  author  and  numerous  others.  It  was  found 
by  him  to  contain,  in  man  ehlorohydric  and  acetic 
acids.  The  gastric  fluid  in  cases  of  sudden  death 
sometimes  corrodes  and  perforates  the  stomach  ; 
giving  rise  to  interesting  questions  in  medical 
jurisprudence. 

Gastric  Nerves.  The  two  cords  by  which 
the  pneumogastric  nerves  terminate,  and  which 
descend  on  the  two  surfaces  of  the  stomach ;  as 
well  as  the  filaments  of  the  great  sympathetic, 
which  accompany  the  gastric  vessels. 

Gastric  Plexus,  Plexus  corona'rius  ventric'- 
uli. A  nervous  net-work,  formed  by  the  solar 
plexus.  It  accompanies  the  Arteria  coronaria 
ventriculi,  and  passes  along  the  lesser  curvatura 
of  the  stomach,  to  which  it  gives  branches. 

Gastric  Vei.vs  follow  the  same  distribution  as 
the  arteries, and  open  into  the  Venaporta  abdominis. 
GAS'TRICISM,  Gastricis'mns,  from  yaarrjp, 
'the  stomach.'  A  name  by  which  is  designated 
the  medical  theory,  that  refers  all,  or  almost  all, 
diseases  to  an  accumulation  of  saburras  in  the 
digestive  passages. 

GASTRICTTE.  Emharras  gastrique. 
GA  S  TKIL  0  Q  UE,  Engastrimy th. 
GASTRILOQUIST,  Engastrimyth. 
GASTRILOQUUS,  Engastrimyth. 
GASTRIMARGUS,  Glutton. 
GASTRINUM,  Potash. 
GASTRISMUS,  Gluttony,  see  Saburra. 
GASTRIT'IC,   Gnstrit'iciis ;    same  etymon  as 
the  rest.     Relating  to  gastritis. 

GASTRI'TIS,  from  yaarvp,  'the  stomach,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Ventric' idi  inflam- 
ma'tio,  Cauma  seu  Emprea'ma  seu  Cnrdi'.d'gia 
inflammato'ria,  Febris  stomach'iea  inflamm-Uj'ria, 
Inflamma'tio  gastritis,  I.  ventric'uli  seu  sioyn'achi, 
Phleg'mone  ventric'uli,  Inflammation  of  the  sto- 
mach, (F.)  Inflammation  de  V Estomae,  Gastritc, 
Catarrhe  gastrique.  A  disease,  characterized  by 
pyrexia;  great  anxiety;  heat  and  pain  in  the 
epigastrium,  increased  by  taking  any  thing  into 
the  stomach ;  vomiting  and  hiccup.  Gastritis 
may  either  be  seated  in  the  peritoneal  or  mucous 


GASTRO 


41G 


GASTROMALAXIA 


coat.  It  is  most  frequently  in  the  latter  —  Eao- 
gastri'tis,  Endogastri'tis,  Gastromycoderi'tis,  Gas- 
tritis muco'sa  —  being  excited  directly  by  acrid 
ingesta.  It  requires  the  most  active  treatment; 
— bleeding,  blistering,  fomentations,  diluents,  &c. 
Some  degree  of  inflammation  of  the  mucous  coat 
of  the  stomach  was  considered  by  the  followers 
of  Broussais  to  be  present  in  almost  all  fevers  ; 
and  the  various  forms  of  dyspepsia  have  been 
supposed  by  some  to  be  nothing  more  than  chronic 
endogastri'tis. 

Gastritis  Artiiritica,  Cceliagra. 

GrASTRO,  from  yaarrjp,  'stomach.'  In  compo- 
sition, relating  or  appertaining  to  the  stomach, 
or  belly. 

GASTRO-ARTHRITIS,  Gout  — g.  Ataxia, 
Dyspepsia — g.  Atonia,  Dyspepsia — g.  Bronchitis, 
Fever,  adenomeningeal  —  g.  Enterite  intense,  Sy- 
nocha — g.  Enterite,  with  nervous  affection  of  the 
brain,  see  Typhus — g.  Enteritis,  follicular,  Dothin- 
onteritis ;  see  Typhus. 

GASTROBRO'SIS,  Perfora'tio  ventric'uli, 
Gastrorrhex'is,  (F.)  Perforntion  de  I'Estomac; 
from  gastro,  and  Bpcacrtg,  '  the  act  of  gnawing.' 
Corrosion  and  perforation  of  the  stomach. 

Gastrobro'sis  Uloero'sa,  Gastrelcobro'sis. 
Destruction  and  perforation  of  the  coats  of  the 
stomach  by  ulceration. 

GASTROCB'LE,  from  gastro,  and  KvXn,  'a 
tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  stomach,  Hernia  ventric'- 
nli,  (F.)  Hemic  de  V Estomac.  Hernia  formed  by 
the  stomach  through  the  upper  part  of  the  linea 
alba:  a  disease,  the  existence  of  which  has  been 
doubted  by  many.     See  Epigastrocele. 

GASTRO-CEPHALI'TIS;  from  gastro,  Kz4>a^r,, 
'  head,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  stomach  and  head, — a  not  uncom- 
mon concomitant  of  certain  malignant  fevers. 

GASTROCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  gastric. 

GASTROCNEME,  Sura. 

GASTROCNEMIA,  Sura. 

GASTROCNE'MII,  from  gastro,  and  Kvr,,iv, 
'the  leg.'  The  name  of  the  two  fleshy  masses 
which  occupy  the  posterior  and  superficial  part 
of  the  leg,  Gemelli ;  (F.)  Gastroenemiens,  Ju- 
meaux  de  lajamhe,  Bifemoro-calcaniens  —  (Ch.  ;) 
the  two  constituting  the  Gastrocne'mius  exter'nus, 
of  English  anatomists.  These  muscles  are  dis- 
tinguished into  internal  and  external,  which  are 
distinct  ahove,  but  united  at  their  inferior  ex- 
tremity. They  are  long,  flat,  and  thick;  and 
arise — the  former  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
outer  condyle  of  the  femur ;  the  latter,  from  the 
pasterior  part  of  the  inner  condyle  of  the  same 
bone.  The  aponeurosis,  which  unites  these 
muscles  below,  joins  with  that  of  the  Solaris,  and 
forms  with  it,  a  large  tendon,  which,  under  the 
name  Tendo  Achillis,  is  inserted  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  calcaneum.  These  muscles  extend 
the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  the  leg  on  the  foot.  They 
can,  also,  bend  the  leg  and  the  thigh  reciprocally 
on  each  other.  For  the  Gastrocnemius  internus, 
see  Soleus. 

GASTROCNEMIUM,  Sura. 

GASTROCOBLIACUS,  Coeliac, 

GASTROC(ELICUS,  Coeliac. 

GASTROCOLIC,  see  Epiploon,  gastrocolic, 

GASTROCOLICA,  Cardialgia. 

GASTROCOLI'TIS,  from  gastro,  and  kw\ov, 
'colon.'    Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  colon. 

GASTROCOLPOTOMIA,  see  Cesarean  sec- 
tion. 

GASTRODID'YMUS,  Gastrod'ymus,  Did'ymns 
Symphyogas'trius,  Psod'ymus ;  from  gastro  and 
iiSujxos,  'a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which  twins 
are  united  by  the  abdomen. 

GASTRObUODE'NAL,  Gastrodnodena'Ks ; 
from  gastro,  and  duodenum.  Relating  to  the 
stomach  and  duodenum. 


GASTRO-DUODENITIS,  (F.)  Gastro-diiodi- 
nite.  Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  bowels, 
an  affection,  which  figured  largely  in  the  system 
of  Broussais.     See  Gastro-enteritis. 

GASTRODUODENOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal. 

GASTRODYNE,  Cardialgia. 

GASTRODYNIA,  Cardialgia  — g.  Flatulenta, 
Coliea  flatulenta. 

GASTRO-ELYTROTOMIA,  see  Cesarean  sec- 
tion. 

GASTRO-ENTERAL'GIA.fromc^as^rajtvrepoi-, 
'intestine,' and  a\yos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines. 

GASTRO  ENTER'IC,  Gastroenter'icus,  Gas- 
trenter'ic,  Gastrenter'icus,  Gastro-intes' final,  from 
gastro,  and  evrcpov,  'intestine.'  Relating  to  the 
stomach  and  intestine. 

GASTROENTERITE,  Gastroenteritis. 

GASTROENTERIT'I  C,Gastroenterit'icus, 
Gastrenterit'ic,  Gastrenterit'icus ;  same  etymon 
as  the  next.     Relating  to  gastroenteritis. 

GASTROENTERI'TIS,  Inflammatio  ventric'- 
nil  et  Intestino'rum,  (F.)  Gastro-enterite,  Gastro- 
enter'ic  disease,  from  gastro,  tvTtpov,  'an  intes- 
tine,' and  itis,  a  sufiix  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  small  intestine. 
According  to  Broussais,  the  essential  fevers  of 
authors  are  gastro-enteritis,  simple,  or  compli- 
cated. 

GASTROEPIP'LOIC,  Gastro-epiplo'icus,  Gaa- 
trepiplo'ieus,  from  gastro  and  cTrnrXoov,  'the  epip- 
loon.' That  which  relates  to  the  stomach  and 
epiploon. 

GastrgIspiploic  Arteries,  Gastric  inferior 
arteries,  are  two  in  number,  and  distinguished 
into  right  and  left.  The  right,  also  called  Gastro- 
hepat'ic,  Gas'trica  infe'rior  dextra,  Gastro-e2)ip- 
lo'ica  dextra,  is  furnished  by  the  hepatic  artei-y. 
It  descends  behind  the  pylorus,  and  passes  from 
right  to  left,  along  the  great  curvature  of  the 
stomach.  It  gives  branches  to  the  pancreas, 
duodenum,  stomach,  omentum  majus,  and  termi- 
nates by  anastomosing  with  the  Gastro-ejiijilo'iea 
sinis'tra,  Gas'trica  sinis'tra  seu  infe'rior  si nis' tree. 
This  —  the  left  —  arises  from  the  splenic  artery. 
It  is  of  considerable  magnitude,  and  passes  from 
left  to  right,  along  the  great  curvature  of  the 
stomach,  distributing  its  branches  more  particu- 
larly to  the  stomach  and  omentum  majus.  It 
terminates  by  joining  the  right  gastro-epiploie. 

Gastroepiploic  Ganglions  are  the  lymphatio 
ganglions  or  glands,  situate  towards  the  great 
curvature  of  the  stomach,  between  the  two  ante- 
rior laminK  of  the  omentum  majus. 

Gastroepiploic  Veins  are  distinguished,  like 
the  arteries,  into  right  and  left.  They  empty 
themselves;  —  the  former,  into  the  superior  me- 
senteric :  the  latter,  into  the  splenic  vein. 

GASTROHiEMORRHAGIA,  Hajmatemesis. 

GASTROHEPAT'IC,  Gastro-hepat'icus,  Hep'- 
ato-gas'tricus,  Gastrepat'icus ;  from  gastro,  and 
'riTrap,  rjTTarog,  'the  liver.'  Relating  to  the  stomach 
and  liver.  This  name  has  been  given  to  several 
organs.     See  Epiploon,  gastrohepatic,  &c. 

GASTRO- HEPATITIS.  Simultaneous  inflam- 
mation of  the  stomach  and  liver. 

GASTROHYSTEROTOMY,  Cesarean  section. 

GASTRO-INTESTINAL,  Gastro-enterie. 

GASTROLIENALIS,  Gastrosplenicus. 

GASTROLITHI'ASIS,  from  gastro,  and  XtOta- 
(Ttg,  'formation  of  stone.'  The  formation  of  con- 
cretions, qastrol'ithi,  in  the  stomach. 

GASTROMALACIA,  Gastromalaxia. 

GASTROMALAX'IA,  Gastro-mala' cia,  Gas- 
tromalaco'sis,  Malacogas'ter,  Malax'is  ventric'uli, 
Dissolu'tio  ventric'uli,  Emollit"io  ventric'nli, 
Pseudoj^hlogo'sis  ventric'uli   resohiti'va   et   colli- 


GASTROMANTIS 


417 


GAZ 


qnati'va,  Ifetamoi-pho'sis  vcntriv'idi  gelatinifor' - 
mis,  Ero'sio  et  perfora'tio  sponta'nea  ventn'.c'uH, 
Resolu'tio  et  diabro'sis  ventric'uli,  (F.)  Ramollisse- 
ment  de  V Estomac,  from  gastro,  and  jia\a^iq, 
'  softening.'  Softening  of  the  stomach,  induced 
at  times  by  the  gastric  secretions  after  death, — 
Resolu'tio  ventric'uli  autopep'tica. 

GASTROMANTIS,  Engastrimyth. 

GASTROM'ELES,  from  gastro,  and  //tXo;,  'a 
limb.'  A  monster  with  one  or  more  supernume- 
rary limbs  on  the  abdomen. 

GASTROME'NIA,  from  gastro,  and  nvv,  'a 
month.'  Vicarious  menstruation  from  the  sto- 
mach. 

GASTRO-MENINGITIS,  Pever,  gastric. 

GASTROMETROTOMIA,  Csesarean  section. 

GASTROMYCODERIS,  see  Stomach. 

GASTROMYGODERITIS,  see  Gastritis. 

GASTROMYELOMA,  Gastroencephaloma. 

GASTRONOSUS,  Gastropathy. 

GASTROPARAL'YSIS,  Gastrople'gia,  ParaV- 
ysis  ventric'idi ;  from  gastro,  and  -napaXvan, 
'  paralysis.'     Paralysis  of  the  stomach. 

GASTROP'ATHY,  Gastropathi'a,  Gaatron'- 
osus,  Gastronu'sus,  from  gastro,  and  rradog,  '  dis- 
ease.'    Disease  of  the  stomach. 

GASTROPERIODYX'IA;  Sool  (India.)  A 
violent  periodical  neuralgic  pain  at  the  pit  of  the 
stomach,  not  uncommon  in  Hindoostan. 

GASTROPHREN'IC,  Gastro-phreu'icus,  from 
gastro,  and  (pptve;,  'the  diaphragm.'  Belonging 
to  the  stomach  and  diaphragm. 

Gastrophrenic  Ligament  is  a  reflection  of  the 
peritoneum,  which  descends  from  the  inferior  sur- 
face of  the  diaphragm  to  the  cardia. 

GASTROPHTHISIS,  Gastrelcosis. 

GASTROPHTHOE,  Gastrelcosis. 

GA8TR0PLEGIA,  Gastroparalysis. 

GASTROPYRA,  Fever,  gastric. 

OASTROPYRETUS,  Fever,  eastric. 

GASTROR'APHY",  Gastrorrha'jyhia,  Gastror'- 
rhaphe,  Sutu'ra  ahdomina'lis,  from  gastro,  and 
pa(pri,  'a  suture.'  The  suture  used  for  uniting 
wounds  penetrating  the  abdomen,  when  they  are 
too  extensive  or  too  unequal  to  be  kept  in  contact 
by  position,  adhesive  plaster,  or  appropriate  ban- 
dages. The  interrupted  and  quilled  sutures  are 
those  chiefly  employed. 

GASTRORRHAGIA,  Hfemalemesis. 

GASTRORRHEXIS,  Gastrobrosis. 

GASTRORRH(E'A,  from  gastro,  and  pti^,  'I 
fl.ow.'  BleniiorrJice'a  seu  Fhtxns  ventric'uli,  (F.) 
Flux  VJXiquevx  de  I'estomac,  Catnrrhe  stomacal. 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  stomach,  which  con- 
sists in  the  secretion  of  an  excessive  quantity  of 
mucus  from  the  lining  membrane.  Also,  Coeliac 
flux. 

GASTROSCIR'RHUS,  Indura'tio  ventric'uli 
scirrho'sa,  Scirrhus  seu  carcino'ma  ventric'uli. 
Scirrhous  induration  or  cancer  of  the  stomach. 

GASTROSCOPIA,  Abdominoscopia. 

GASTRO'SES.  A  generic  name  for. diseases 
which  are  seated  in  the  stomach. — Alibert. 

GASTROSPLE'NIC,  GastrospW nicus,  Gaitro- 
Uena'lis,  from  gastro,  and  a-nXrjv,  'the  spleen.' 
Relating  to  stomach  and  spleen. 

GASTROSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  stomach. 

Gastrostemosis  Cardi'aca  et  Pylor'ica  ; 
from  gastro,  and  anvog,  'narrow.'  Narrowness 
of  the  cardiac  and  pyloric  orifices  of  the  stomach 
from  cancer  of  that  organ. 

GASTROT'OMY,  from  gastro,  and  Top>,,  'inci- 
sion.' Several  different  operations  have  been  so 
called.  1.  The  Ca3sarean  Section.  2.  An  inci- 
sion made  into  the  abdomen  for  the  purpose  of 
removing  some  internal  strangulation  or  volvu- 
lus, or  to  reduce  hernia,  Laparot'owij  :  and,  3. 
The  opening  made  in  the  stomach,  to  remove  a 
21 


foreign  bod}  vvhich  tas  passed  into  it  through 
the  oesophagus. 

GASTRYPERNEU'RIA,  from  gastro,  'x,^tp, 
'above,'  and  vcvpov,  'a  nerve.'  Morbidly  in- 
creased activity  of  the  nerves  of  the  stomach. 

GATEAU  FEBRILE,  Ague  cake. 

GATEUX  (F.),  from,  gdter,  'to  spoil.'  A  name 
given,  in  the  insane  hospitals,  and  in  the  hospi- 
tals for  incurables  and  the  aged,  in  France,  to 
persons  who  are  incapable  of  attending  to  them- 
selves, and  have  lost  all  sense  of  cleanliness. 

GATHERING,  Abscess,  Suppuration. 

GATTILIER,  Vitex. 

GAUDIA  F(EDA,  Masturbation. 

GAULTHE'RIA,  Gaulthe'ria  seu  Gualthe'ria 
procum'hens,  Gautie'ra  repens.  Mountain  Tea, 
Partridge  Berry,  Berried  Tea,  Grouseherry,  Beer- 
herry.  Spice  berry.  Tea  berry,  Red  berry,  Winter- 
green,  Red  berry  Tea,  Ground  berry,  Ground  ivy, 
Ground  holly.  Hill  berry.  Box  berry.  Chequer 
berry,  (F.)  Gaultherie,  Palommier,  The  du  Ca- 
nada, called  after  Dr.  Gaulthier,  of  Quebec.  Ord. 
Ericacese.  An  American  plant,  which  is  one  of 
the  principal  articles  of  the  materia  medica  of 
some  Indian  tribes.  The  infusion  of  the  leaves 
is  stimulant  and  anodj'ne,  and  is  said  to  have 
been  used,  with  advantage,  in  asthma.  The  oil 
—  Oleum  Gaultheria,  Ph.  U.  S., — is  used,  chiefly 
on  account  of  its  pleasant  flavour,  to  cover  the 
taste  of  other  medicines. 

GAUNTLET,  Gantelet. 

GAUQUAVA,  Smilax  China. 

GAUTIERA  REPENS,  Gaultheria. 

GAY  FEATHER,  Liatris  spicata. 

GAYAC,  Guaiacum. 

GAYLUSSAC'IA  RESINO'S A,  F«cc?Vi»;«  re- 
sino'sum.  Black  Huckleberry.  Order,  Erieacese, 
(called  after  the  chemist,  Gay-Lussac.)  An  indi- 
genous plant,  whose  fruit  is  sweet  and  agreeable. 
The  leaves  and  root,  as  well  as  those  of  Gaylus- 
SACIA  DuMo'sA,  Bwarf  huckleberry,  and  of  G. 
Frondo'sa,  Blue  tangle,  indigenous,  are  used  in 
decoction  as  astringents  in  diarrhoea,  sore  throat, 
&e. 

GAZ,  Gas,  Air.  Van  Helmont  first  designated 
by  this  name,  —  the  etymology  of  which  is  un- 
known,—  the  carbonic  acid  developed  in  the  vi- 
nous fermentation.  Afterwards,  the  term  was 
appropriated  to  every  permanently  elastic  fluid  ; 
that  is,  which  preserves  its  aeriform  state  at  all 
temperatures;  and  ultimately  it  was  extended  to 
all  aeriform  bodies;  —  which  were  divided  into 
permanent  and  non-permanent  gazes.  The  latter 
are  generally  termed  vapours:  —  they  return  to 
the  liquid  state,  when  a  portion  of  their  caloric  is 
abstracted.  The  permanent  gazes,  or  gazes  pro- 
perly so  called,  are  numerous,  and  may  b»  di- 
vided into  three  sections  with  regard  to  their 
effects  on  the  animal  economy. 

r  Carbonic  acid,  ammoniacal 
!      gaz,chloroh3'dric  acid  gaz, 
deutoxide  of  azote,  nitrous 
acid  gaz,  and  chlorine. 

2.  Neqativehi  dele-   f  tt    i 

,     V  -^  \  Hydrogen,  azote. 

terious  gazes.         (  o     j 

{  Oxygen,  protoxide  of  azote, 

3.  Positively  dele-  J      carburettedhydrogen,car- 
terions  gazes.         \      ^0°'°  o^'de,  sulphuretted 

"  I      hydrogen,  and  arseniuret- 

[     ted  hydrogen. 

It  is  proper  to  remark  that  the  term  respii-ablc 
has  been  very  difi'erently  employed  by  different 
writers.  Sometimes  it  has  meant  the  power  of 
supporting  life  when  applied  to  the  blood  in  the 
lungs.  At  others,  all  gazes  have  been  deemed 
irrespirable,  which  are  incapable  of  being  intro- 


1.     Irrespirable 
gazes. 


GAZ  DES  BALLONS 


418 


GENERATIO 


duced  into  the  lungs  by  voluntary  efforts, — with- 
out any  relation  to  their  power  of  maintaining 
vitality  ;  and  this  is  perhaps  the  best  sense.  The 
gazes  were,  at  one  time,  employed  in  medicine, 
under  great  expectations, — especially  by  the  en- 
thusiastic Beddoes ;  but  they  are  now  scarcely 
ever  had  recourse  to.  They  differ,  considerably, 
in  their  effects  on  the  animal  economy.  Some, 
as  oxygen,  are  exciting;  others,  as  azote,  de- 
pressing; whilst  others,  again,  as  the  Protoxide 
of  azote  or  laughing  gas,  produce  the  most  sin- 
gular effects. 

GAZ  DES  BALLONS,  Hydrogen. 
Gaz,  Pul'mokauy,  Gaz  of  the  lungs.     A  name 
gived  to  the  expired  air;  which  contains — besides 
common  air,  an  increase  of  carbonic  acid,  water, 
and  some  animal  matter. 

Gaz  Sang'uixis,  Gaz  anima'le  san'guinis,  HriV - 
itus    seu   Aura   seu    Vapor    san'gninis,    Sjiir'itus 
rorif'erus,  Hcp.mat'mus.     The  halitus,  or  vapour, 
given  off  by  freshly-drawn  blood. 
GAZEL,  Ribes  nigrum. 
GAZELLE,  Antilopus. 
GEANT,  Giant. 
GEANTISME,  see  Giant. 
GEBARPULVER,  ErgoL 
GEDE'OLA.     The  convex  part  of  the  liver. — 
Du  Cange. 

GEILNAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Geil- 
nau  is  a  village  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Nassau,  at 
no  great  distance  from  Frankfort.  The  waters 
contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonate,  sulphate,  and 
phosphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate 
of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron. 

GEISMAR,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
mineral  waters  of  Geismar,  in  Bavaria,  are  aci- 
dulous chalybeates. 

GEISUM,  ytiBov,  Getson.  The  part  of  the 
frontal  bone  over  the  eyes. 

GELAPPIUM,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
GELASINI  DENTES,  Incisive  teeth. 
GELASMUS,  Canine  laugh. 
GELATIG"ENOUS.      A   hybrid   term,    from 
gelatin,  and  yEvd)  or  yivi/au,  'to  engender.'     That 
■which  forms  gelatinous  structure.    Dr.  Carpenter 
restricts  the  term  to  substances  yielding  gelatin. 
The  propriety  of  this  may  well  be  questioned. 

GEL'ATIN,  Gelatine,  Gelat'ina,  Galreda,  (F.) 
Gelatine,  from  (F.)  Gel^e,  'gelly  or  jelly.'  From 
(L.)  Gelu,  'ice.'  An  immediate  animal  principle. 
It  is  semitransparent,  insipid,  inodorous,  inso- 
luble in  cold  water,  very  soluble  in  hot,  which  it 
thickens,  and  transforms  into  jelly  on' cooling. 
Gelatin  is  a  nutritious  substance ;  and,  when 
dissolved  in  a  considerable  quantity  of  water, 
forms  an  emollient  fluid,  much  used  in  therapeu- 
tics, but  not  the  most  easy  of  digestion.  Two 
forms  of  gelatin  are  admitted — the  one  glufin  or 
gelatin  proper  :  the  other  chondrin. 

Gelatin  of  Wharton,  Gelat'ina  Whartonia'na, 
Jelly  of  the  Cord.  A  soft,  dense,  fluid,  gelatinous 
substance,  which  envelops  the  umbilical  cord,  and 
is  conceived,  by  some,  to  be  iaservient  to  the  nu- 
trition of  the  foetus. 

GELATINA  AQUATICA,  Brasenia  hydro- 
peltis. 

GELATINE  DES  CARTILAGES,  Chondrin. 
GELATINIFORM  MATTER  OF  THE   IN- 
TESTINE, Albuminose. 

GELAT'INOUS,  Gelatino'sus,  (F.)  Gelattneux. 
Relating,  or  appertaining  to,  or  having  the  cha- 
racter or  appearance  of  gelatin  or  jelly.     Viscid. 
Gelatinous  Nerve-fibre,  see  Nerve  fibres. 
GELATIO,  Congelation. 
GELDING,  Castration. 

GELEE,  Gelly  —  g.  c  ntre  le  Goitre,  Balsam, 
'oduretted. 


GELLY,  Jelly,  Jus  gela'tum  seu  coagula'fiim, 
Gelu,  (F.)  Gelee.  Same  etymon.  A  substance 
of  a  soft  consistence,  tremulous,  and  transparent, 
which  is  obtained,  by  an  appropriate  treatment, 
from  animal  and  vegetable  matters  :  hence  the 
distinction  into  animal  and  vegetable  jelly.  The 
former  is  merely  a  concentrated  solution  of  gela- 
tin, left  to  cool. 

Vegetable  Jelly  is  found  in  the  juice  of  the  cur- 
rant, mulberry,  and  of  almost  all  acid  fruits,  when 
ripe.  It  is  of  itself  colourless,  but  almost  always 
retains  a  little  colouring  matter  of  the  fruit  which 
has  furnished  it.  It  has  an  agreeable  taste ;  is 
scarcely  soluble  in  cold  water,  but  boiling  water 
dissolves  it  readily  :  the  jelly  is,  however,  almost 
all  deposited  on  cooling.  If  this  aqueous  solution 
be  boiled  for  a  long  time,  it  becomes  analogous 
to  mucilage,  and  loses  the  property  of  being  jel- 
lied on  cooling. 

GELSEM'INUM  NIT'IDUM,  G.  Sempervi'- 
rens,  Bigno'nia  sempervirens,  Yelloio  Jes'samine. 
The  flowers,  root,  &e.,  of  this  shrub  of  the  South- 
ern States,  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia,  N'at. 
Ord.  Apoeynese,  are  narcotic,  and  the  effluvia 
from  the  former  are  said  sometimes  to  induce 
stupor. 

GELU,  Gelly. 
GELUS,  Risus. 

GEMELLI,  Gastrocnemii,  Ischio-trochanteri- 
anus.  Testicles. 

GEMEL'LUS,  Gem'inus,  'a  twin,'  Did'ymus, 
(F.)  ■lurneau,  Jumelle,  Besson,  Bessonne.  One  of 
two  children,  twins,  born  at  the  same  accouche- 
ment, or  gestation.  Also,  relating  to  twins,  as 
'a  ticin  conception.' 

Gesiellus  Mus'culus.  Cowper  applies  this 
name  to  the  long  portion  of  the  triceps  brachialis 
united  to  the  inner  portion. 

GEMINI,  Isehio-trochanterianus,  Testicles. 
GEMINUM  CENTRUM  SEMICIRCULARE, 
Taenia  semicircularis. 
GEMINUS,  Gemellus. 
GEMIPOMA,  Mamma. 
GEMISSEMENT,  see  Moaning. 
GEMMA,  Granulation — g.  Oculi,  Crystalline. 
GEMMATION,  see  Genemtion. 
Gemmation,  Generation  by,  see  Generation. 
GEMMIPAIilTE,  see  Generation. 
GEMMIPAROUS,  see  Generation. 
GEMUR'SA,  a  corn;  also  a  name  given  by 
the  ancients  to  a  disease  seated  between  the  toes; 
— the  nature  of  which  is  unknown  to  us. 

GEN,  Gen'esis,  'generation,'  from  yevvau},  'I 
make.'     Hence  'RjArogen,  Osteogeny,  &c. 

GENA.      The  Cheek,  Genys,  Parei'a,   Gamphe, 
Gamphe'le,Gnathos,  Gnathmus,  Mala,  (Sc.)  Wonge, 
(F.)  Joue.     The  cheeks  form  the  lateral  parts  of 
the   mouth.     Externally,   they  have   no    precise 
limits :  they  are  continuous,  above,  with  the  lower 
eyelid;  below,  they  descend  as  far  as  the  base  of 
the  jaw;  before,  they  terminate  at  the  alse  nasi, 
and  at  the  commissures  of  the  lips  :  and  behind, 
at  the  ear.     Their  thickness  varies,  according  to 
the  degree  of  fatness  of  the  individual.     They 
are  formed  of  three  layers;  —  one  dermoid,  ano- 
ther muscular,  and  the  third  mucous. 
GENCIVES,  Gingivae. 
6ENEANTHR0PY,  Anthropogenia. 
GENEI'AS,  Lanu'go  prima,  Probar'bium.   The 
downy  hairs,  which  first  cover  the  cheek.     Also, 
a  bandage  which  passes  under  the  chin. 
GENEION,  Beard,  Mentum. 
GENERAL   ANATOMY,    see   Anatomy  —  g. 
Practitioner,  Surgeon-apothecary. 
GENE  RALE,  Influenza, 

GENERATIO,  Generation — g.  ^quivoca,  see 
Generation  —  g.  Calculi,  Lithia  —  g.  Homogenea, 


GENERATION 


419 


GENIAN 


see  Generation  —  g.  Priraigena,  see  Generation — 
g.  Primitiva,  see  Generation  —  g.  Originaria,  see 
Generation — g.  Spontanea,  see  Generation. 

GENERATION,  Genera'tio,  Gen'esis,  Gemie'- 
sis,  Gone,  Gonufi,  Procrea'tio,  Procreation,  Breed- 
ing, from  (L.)  geno,  genere,  genitnm,  ytvia,  or 
Y^vvato,  'to  engender.'  Under  ttiis  name  physi- 
ologists comprehend  the  aggregate  of  functions, 
which  concur,  in  organized  beings,  towards  the 
production  of  their  liind.  The  act  of  generation 
means  the  union  of  the  sexes.  See  Coition.  The 
writers  of  antiquity  believed,  that  all  organized 
bodies  are  produced  either  by  what  is  termed 
univ'ocal  or  regular  generation,  Homogen'esis, 
genera'tio  homogen'ea,  propaga'tio,  which  applies 
to  the  upper  classes  of  animals  and  vegetables, 
or  by  spontaneous  generation,  Autogon'ia,  keiero- 
gen'esis,  generatio  heterogen'ea  seu  aquiv'oca  seu 
printiti'va  seu  priinig"cna  seu  origina'ria  seu 
spouta'nea,  sponteparite  (Duges),  which  they  con- 
sidered applicable  to  the  very  lowest  classes  only, 
m  the  mushroom,  the  worm,  the  frog,  &c.  There 
are  still  many  distinguished  naturalists  who  con- 
sider that  beings,  low  in  the  scale  of  animality, 
are  produced  in  the  latter  way.  Spontaneous 
generation  and  equivocal  generation  have  been 
regarded  by  many  to  be  synonymous.  Others, 
however,  mean  by  spontaneous  generation,  the 
production  of  a  new  being  from  the  mere  combi- 
nation of  inorganic  elements ;  whilst  by  equivo- 
cal generation  they  understand  the  evolution  of 
a  new  being  from  organized  beings  dissimilar  to 
themselves,  through  some  irregularity  in  their 
functions,  or  through  the  incipient  decay  or  de- 
generation of  their  tissues.  As  to  the  mode  in 
which  regular  generation  is  accomplished,  there 
have  been  many  views.  According  to  the  doe- 
trine  of  Hippocrates,  and  of  the  ancient  philoso- 
phers, the  ovaries  of  the  female  furnish  a  prolific 
fluid,  similar  to  that  of  the  male;  and  the  fcetus 
results  from  the  mixture  of  the  two  seeds  in  cop- 
ulation. Steno  and  others  conceived,  that  the 
ovaries  contain  ova,  which  are  not  developed 
until  vivified  by  the  male  sperm.  Bonnet  and 
Spallanzani  believed  in  the  pre-existence  of 
germs,  created  since  the  origin  of  the  world,  but 
encased  in  each  other,  and  becoming  developed  in 
succession ;  whence  it  would  follow  that  the  ovary 
of  the  first  female  must  have  contained  the  germs 
of  all  subsequent  generations:  and  that  the  num- 
ber of  these  germs  must  go  on  always  diminish- 
ing, until  ultimately  extinct.  This  was  the  system 
oi  the  evolution  of  germs.  According  to  Leeuen- 
hoek,  the  ovaries  do  not  contain  eggs,  but  vesicles 
destined  to  receive  animalcules ;  which,  ia  his 
view,  live  in  the  sperm.  Thousands  of  these 
animalcules  are  thrown  into  the  uterus  during 
copulation,  and  the  most  expeditious  and  vigor- 
ous reaches  the  ovary,  after  having  scattered  and 
destroyed  its  competitors.  BufFon  —  admitting 
the  hypothesis  of  the  two  seeds  —  supposed  that 
they  were  formed  of  molecules  proceeding  from 
every  part  of  the  body  of  each  parent:  and  that, 
by  a  kind  of  elective  afiinity,  those  which  were 
furnished  by  the  head,  the  trunk,  or  the  extre- 
mities of  the  male  parent,  could  only  unite  with 
those  proceeding  from  the  same  parts  of  the 
female.  Before  him,  Maupertuis,  admitting,  with 
many  of  the  ancient  philosophers,  the  system  of 
Epigenesis,  and  adopting,  as  regarded  the  com- 
position of  the  sperm,  a  theory  analogous  to  that 
of  BufiFon,  had  supposed  that  the  molecules,  ca- 
pable of  being  organized,  were  attracted  towards 
a  centre;  that  the  nose  attracts  the  two  eyes; 
the  body,  the  arms;  the  arms,  the  hands,  <fcc,, 
nearly  as  the  particles  of  a  salt,  dissolved  in  a 
liquid,  arrange  themselves  in  regular  crystals 
around  the  same  nucleus.  These  and  various 
other  systems  have  been  successively  proposed 


and  abandoned,  and  the  mystery  of  generation 
remains  impenetrable. 

The  simplest  kind  of  reproduction  does  not  re- 
quire sexual  organs.  The  animal  separates  into 
several  fragments,  which  form  so  many  new  indi- 
viduals. This  is  Fissip'arotis  generation,  Fiss'i- 
parism,  G.  from  fission,  (F.)  Fissiparite,  Scisei- 
paritS,  Scission,  Cloisonnement,  lieprodiiction  ou 
Ifultipiic-ation  merismatique.  Gemmip'arons  gene- 
ration, (F.)  Gemmipariti,  Generation  par  Gemma- 
tion, Surculation  ou  Jiourgeonnement,  consists  in 
the  formation  of  buds,  sporules  or  germs  on  some 
part  of  the  body,  which  at  a  particular  period 
drop  oflf  and  form  as  many  new  individuals. 
These  kinds  of  reproduction  require  but  one  pa- 
rent—  Monog"eny.  In  Ovip'arous  generation, 
(F.)  Oviparite,  the  egg  is  hatched  out  of  the  body. 
In  ovovivip'rous  generation,  the  new  being  is 
hatched  in  the  excretory  passages.  In  vivip'a- 
rous  generation,  the  new  individual  is  born  under 
its  appropriate  form  ;  and  in  marsu'piial  or  mar- 
su'piate  generation,  the  young  being,  born  at  a 
very  early  stage  of  development,  is  received  and 
nourished  in  a  marenpium  or  pouch.  In  alternate 
generation,  (F.)  Generation  alternante,  the  young 
not  only  do  not  resemble  the  parent  at  birth,  but 
remain  dissimilar  during  their  whole  life,  so  that 
their  relationship  is  not  apparent  until  a  succeed- 
ing generation.  Thus,  the  cercaria  undergoes  a 
change  into  the  distoma.  See  Metagenesis.  All 
these  kinds  of  reproduction  require  the  union  of 
sexes — Dig"eny. 

All  the  acts  comprising  the  function  of  genera- 
tion in  man  may  be  referred  to  five  great  heads. 
1.  Copulation.  2.  Concep>tion  or  fecundation. 
3.  Gestation  or  Pregnancy.  4.  Delivery  or  Ac- 
couchement;   and,  5.  Lactation. 

Generation,  Act  of,  see  Generation — g.  Alter- 
nate, see  Generation,  and  Metagenesis — g.  Equi- 
vocal, see  Generation — g.  by  Fission,  see  Genera- 
tion— g.  Fissiparous,  see  Generation — g.  by  Gem- 
mation, see  Generation  —  g.  Gemraiparous,  see 
Generation  —  g.  Marsupial,  see  Generation — g. 
Organs  of,  female,  see  Vulva — g.  Oviparous,  see 
Generation — g.Regular,  see  Generation — g.  Spon- 
taneous, see  Generation — g.  Univocal,  see  Gene- 
ration— g.  Viviparous,  see  Generation. 

GEN'EROUS,  Genero'sus.  From  genus,  gene- 
ris, '  a  race  ;'  generosus,  '  of  a  noble  race,  noble.' 
A  name  given  to  wines  which  contain  a  greac 
quantity  of  alcohol. 

GENESIAL,  Genital. 

GENESIOL'OGY,  Genesiolog"ic.,  from  yevtcrt;, 
'generation,' and  \oyos,  'a  discourse.'  The  doc- 
trine of  generation. 

GENESIQUE,  LE,  Appetite,  venereal. 

GENESIS,  Generation. 

GENET,  Spartium  scoparium  —  g.  d  Balai, 
Spartium  scoparium — g.  des  Teinturiers,  Genista 
tinetoria. 

GENETHLI'ACUS,  from  ytviBXioi,  'natal,' 
'pertaining  to  nativity.'  A  name  given  by  the  an- 
cients to  certain  astrologers,  who,  from  the  state 
of  the  heavens  at  the  time  of  the  birth  of  an  in- 
dividual, predicted  his  future  character  and  the 
events  of  his  life. 

GENET'ICA,  from  ytvimq,  'generation.'  Dis- 
eases of  the  sexual  functions ;  the  6th  cla^s  ic 
Good's  Nosology.  Also,  agents  that  act  on  lhe> 
sexual  organs. — Pereira. 

GENETICUS,  Genital. 

GENEVA,  Gin,  see  Spirit. 

GENEVRIER,  Juniperus  communis — g.  Oxy^ 
cedre,  Juniperus  oxycedrus. 

GENGIVITE,  Ulitis. 

GENI,  Genian. 

GE'NIAN,  Genia'nus,  Ge'nial,  from  yrvuov, 
'  the  chin.'     The   Genian  apoph'ysia  or  Process, 


GENICULATUM 


420 


GENTIANA 


(F.)  Apophi/se  genienne  ou  gh\i.  is  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  symphysis  menti,  and  is 
formed  of  four  small  tubercles. 

GENICULATUM,  see  Corpora  geniculata. 

GENIE,  Ge'nius.  The  French  sometimes  ap- 
ply this  term  to  dieases  nearly  synonymously 
with  nature/  as  Genie  {nflammatoire,  G.  bilieux, 
G.  adynamiqne.  Some  use  it  in  the  same  sense 
as  type;  Genie  intermittent.  The  unwonted  pre- 
dominance of  any  mental  faculty  is  also  so  called. 

GENIEN,  Genian. 

GENIEVRE,  Gin,  Juniperus  communis  (the 
berry. ) 

GENIO,  fFom  yz\iiov,  'chin.'  In  composition, 
means  relating  or  appertaining  to  the  chin. 

GENI'O  GLOSS  US,  Genio-hyoglos'swi,  from 
yevtiov,  '  the  chin,'  and  yXajo-n-a,  '  the  tongue.' 
llesoglossus,  3/esoglot'tns,  Nonx^s  linrintB  mus'cu- 
lus.  The  name  of  a  flat,  triangular  muscle, 
which  extends  from  the  genian  apophysis  to  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  os  hyoides  and  tongue, 
which  last  it  carries  forward. 

GENIOHYODES,  Geniohyoideus. 

GENIOHYOGLOSSUS,  Genioglossus. 

GENIOHYOIDES,  Geniohyoideus. 

GEl^l'ORYOlDEUS,Geniohyo'des,GenioJiyoi'- 
des,  Mento-bicorn'ens,  from  ytvewv,  'the  chin,'  and 
'voubrii,  'the  OS  hyoides.'  A  muscle  which  arises 
from  the  genian  apophysis,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides. 
Its  use  is  to  raise  the  os  hyoides,  and  carry  it 
forwards.  It  may,  also,  contribute  to  depress 
the  lower  jaw  in  contracting  tOTiards  the  os 
hyoides. 

GENI'O-PHARYNGE'US,  from  ycruov,  'the 
chin,'  and  (papvy^,  '  the  pharynx.'  A  name  given, 
by  some  anatomists,  to  a  bundle  of  libres  v/hich 
passes  from  the  lower  jaw  to  the  sides  of  the  pha- 
rynx, and  forms  part  of  the  co>istrieior  2ihai-i/ngi3 
superior. 

GE''M10'PLAS'TY,Geni'oplas'tice,  from  yeveiov, 
'  the  chin,'  and  nXaacria,  '  I  form.'  The  operation 
for  restoring  the  chin.  At  times  used  instead  of 
Genyoplusty,  for  the  operation  for  restoring  the 
cheel^ 

GEk'IPA  OBLONGIFO'LIA,  Huito.  A  plant 
of  Peru,  with  the  juice  of  which  the  Indians  paint 
their  legs,  to  protect  them  against  the  stings  of 
insects. 

GENIPI  ALBUM.  Achillea  raoschata,  Ar- 
temisia rupestris  —  g.  Blanc,  Artemisia  rupestris 
— g.  Verum,  Achillea  atrata. 

GENISTA,  Spartium  scoparium — g.  Canarien- 
sis,  see  Pv,hodium  lignum — g.  Hirsuta,  Spartium 
scoparium — g.  Scoparia,  Spartium  scoparium. 

Genis'tA  Spino'sA  lN'mCA,Bahel  Schulli.  Ord. 
Leguminosse.  An  oriental  tree,  a  decection  of 
the  roots  of  which  is  diuretic.  The  leaves  boiled 
in  vinegar  have  the  same  effect.— Ray. 

Gbnis'tA  Tincto'eiA,  GenistoVdes  tincto'ria, 
Spar'tinm  tincto'rium,  Dyers'  broom  or  ireed, 
Green  iceed.  Wood  waxen,  Woodwejc,  (F.)  Genet 
des  Teinturiers.  A  shrub  cultivated  in  this  coun- 
try and  in  Europe.  The  flowering  tops  and  seed 
have  been  used  in  medicine.  It  has  the  same 
properties  as  Spartium  scoparium. 

GENISTOIDES  TINCTORIA,  Genista  tinc- 
toria. 

GEN'ITAL,  Genita'lis,  Genet'icus,  Generatio'ni 
inser'viens,  Gene'sial,  Gennet' icns.  Same  etymon 
as  Generation.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
generation. 

Gen'ital  Organs,  Sex'ual  Organs,  Pudcn'da, 
Nntura'lia,  Natii'ra,  jEdoe'a,  Me'zen,  Me'sa,  Mo'- 
rion  ;  Genital,  Noble,  Nat'ural  or  Private  parte; 
Priv'ities,  Privy  parts,  Privy  Members,  the  Parts, 
Pars,  Pars  corporis  seu  obscoe'na,  Fores,  Partes 
getiita'les  seu  generatio'ni  inservien'tes  seu  obscoe'- 


na, Me'dea,  Veren'da,  Pedes,  Tngnen,  Genila'lia, 
Gennet'ica,  Gymna,  Membra  pnden'da,  Or'gana 
generatio' ni  inservien'tia,  0.  sexua'lia  seu  genitci'- 
lia,{E.)  Organes genitattx, Parties genitales  ouhon- 
teuses  ou  genitoires  ou  nobles  ou  sexuelles  ou  na- 
turelles,  Les  Parties,  Genitoires.  The  parts  that 
are  inservient  to  the  reproduction  of  the  species. 
These  are  very  different  in  the  male  and  female. 
In  man,  they  are  numerous;  some  secreting  the 
sperm,  as  the  testicles  and  their  appendages ; 
others  retaining  it,  as  the  vesicula  seminales ; 
and  another  for  carrying  it  into  the  organs  of  the 
female, — the  penis.  In  the  female,  the  parts  of 
generation  form  an  apparatus,  perhaps  more  com- 
plicated than  that  of  the  male.  Some  are  inser- 
vient to  copulation,  as  the  vulva,  vagina,  &c., 
others  to  conception  and  the  preservation  of  the 
product  for  a  determinate  time,  as  the  uterus  and 
its  appendages;  whilst  others  concur  in  the  ali- 
mentation of  the  infant  after  birth,  as  the  mammae. 

GENITALE,  Sperm— g.  Caput,  Glans. 

GENITALIA,  Genital  organs —g.  Viri,  Pudi- 
bilia. 

GEN'ITO-CRURAL  NERVE,  Nervtts  gen'ito- 
crura'iis,  Subpu'bial  or  Inter'nal  in'guinal  nerve. 
A  branch  of  the  second  lumbar  nerve,  which 
passes  through  the  psoas  muscle,  and,  approach- 
ing the  femoral  arch,  divides  into  two  branches, 
— an  internal,  scrotal,  or  gen'ital,  nervus  sperma- 
ticus  seu  pvden'chis  exter'nus,  and  an  external  or 
femoral  cutaneous  branch,  lumbo-inguinalis. 

GENITO-  URINARY,  see  Uro-genital. 

GENITOIRES,  Genital  Organs. 

GENITU'RA.  That  which  is  fecundated  or 
engendered  in  the  maternal  womb.  This  word 
has  been  used  synonymously  with  embryo,  foetus, 
and  infant.  Also,  the  sperm;  and  the  penis.  See 
Gone. 

GENIUM,  Mentum. 

GENNESIS,  Generation. 

GENNETICA,  Genital  Organs. 

GENNETICOCNES'MUS,  from  ytwr^riKOi, 
'genital,'  and  Kvrjciios,  'itching.'  Itching  of  the 
genital  organs. 

GENNETICON'OSI,  Genneticonu'si  froijj 
yivvrjTiKos,  'genital,'  and  voaos,  'disease.'  Dis- 
eases of  the  genitals. 

GENNET'ICUS,  Genital. 

GEN'OA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  this 
Italian  city  and  its  vicinity  has  been  often  selected 
as  favourable  for  the  phthisical  valetudinarian 
during  the  winter  ;  but  it  is  now  admitted  to  be 
decidedly  improper  for  pulmonary  affections,  be- 
ing subject  to  frequent  and  rapid  changes  of  tem- 
perature, and  to  dry  cold  winds  from  the  north, 
alternately  with  warm  moist  winds  from  the 
south-east. — Sir  James  Clark. 

GENONU'SI,  Morhi  sexus,  from  yivos,  'sex,' 
and  vovBOi,  '  disease.'     Sexual  diseases. 

GENOPLASTIC,  Meloplastic. 

GEN08,  Sex. 

GENOU,  Genu. 

GENOUILLES,  {Corps,)  Corpora  geniculata. 

GENOUILLET,  Convallaria  polygonatum. 

GENRE,  Genus. 

GENSANG,  Panax  quinquefolium. 

GENTIA,  Gentianina. 

GENTIAN,  (from  Gentius,  King  of  Ulyria,  who 
used  some  species  medicinally),  Gentiana  lutea, 
Triosteum — g.  Blue,  Gentiana  catesbsei — g.  Cates- 
bian,  Gentiana  catesbaii — g.  Horse,  Triosteum — 
g.  White,  Laserpitium  latifolium  —  g.  Southern, 
Gentiana  catesb^i — g.  White,  Triosteum — g.  Y''el- 
low,  Gentiana  lutea,  see  Calumba. 

GENTIANA,  G.  lutea  — g.  Alba,  Laserpitium 
latifolium — g.  Amarylloides,  G.  quinqueflora — g. 
Cachenlaguen,  Chironia  Chilensis  —  g.  Centau- 
rium,  Chironia  centaurium. 


GENTIANS  J  A  UNE 


421 


GERANIUM 


Gentiana  Catesb^'i;  G.Cateshkt'na,  Blue  Gen- 
tian, Ph.  U.  S.,  Cates'blan  or  Southern  Gen'tian, 
Bluebells,  Bltterroot.  Ord.  Gentianaceae.  It  is 
a  pure  and  simple  bitter,  and  the  root  may  be 
used  wherever  that  of  the  Geuticma  lutea  is 
proper. 

Gextia'na  Chiratta,  G.  Chirayi'ta,  Henrice'a 
Pharmacear'cha,  Swer'tia,  Agatho'teH  chirayi'ta, 
Ophe'lia  chira'ta,  Chiret'ta,  Chirayi'ta,  Chi- 
rae'ta.  A  native  of  India,  -which  has  been 
much  employed  in  that  countrj',  in  dyspepsia, 
and  as  an  antiperiodic  in  intermittents.  It  is 
preferred  by  some  to  sarsaparilla,  where  the  lat- 
ter is  considered  to  be  indicated, — as  after  large 
quantities  of  mercury  have  been  taken,  or  where 
profuse  salivation  has  been  induced.  It  has  also 
been  advised  in  atonic  leucorrhoea.  It  yields  its 
virtues  to  alcohol  and  water. 

Gbntiana  Crinita,  see  G.  quinqueflora — g.  Ge- 
rardi,  Chironiacentaurium. 

Gentia'na  Lu'tea.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  officinal  gentian  ;  Gentia'na,  G.  major  seu 
vet'erum  seu  rubra,  Swer'tia  lu'tea,  Aste'rias  lu'- 
tea. Yellow  Gentian,  Felwort.  Ord.  Gentianeae. 
(F.)  Gentiane  jaune.  This  is  a  plant  common  in 
the  mountains  of  Europe.  The  root  is  almost 
inodorous,  extremely  bitter,  and  yields  its  virtues 
to  ether,  alcohol,  and  water.  It  is  tonic  and 
stomachic  ;  and  in  large  doses,  aperient.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  5y-  I''  's  most  frequently,  however, 
used  in  infusion  or  tincture. 

Gentiana  Ma.tor,  G.  lutea  —  g.  Ochroleuea, 
see  G.  saponaria  —  g.  Peruviana,  Chironia  Chi- 
lensis. 

Gentia'na  Quinqueflo'ra,  G.  amaryllo'i'des, 
Five-flowered  Gentian  ;  and  Gentia'na  Crini'ta, 
Fringed  Gentian,  indigenous,  are  possessed  of 
like  virtues. 

Gkntiana  Rubra,  G.  lutea. 
Gentiana  Sapon'ria,  Soajrwort  Gentian,  and 
G.  ochroleu'ca,  Sampson's  Snnkeroot ;  indigenous, 
have  the  properties  of  Gentiana  lutea;  and  are 
said  also  to  be  diaphoretic. 
Gentiana  Veterum,  G.  lutea. 
GENTIANE  JAUNE,  Gentiana  lutea. 
GENTIANI'NA,  Gentianine,  Gentianin,  Gen- 
tia'nia,  Gen'tia.  A  supposed  neutral  substance, 
obtained  from  gentian,  and,  by  some,  presumed 
to  be  its  active  principle.  It  is  not  so. 
GENTILITIUS,  Hereditary. 
GENU,  Gony,  yovv,  (F.)  Geiioii,  The  articula- 
tion of  thelegwith  the  thigh  ; — the Femoro-tibial 
or  knee-joint,  the  l-nee.  It  is  the  most  compli- 
cated in  the  body,  and  is  formed  by  the  inferior 
extremity  of  the  femur,  the  superior  extremity 
of  the  tibia,  and  the  rotula.  The  articular  sur- 
faces of  the  bones  are  covered  by  layers  of  carti- 
lage—  more  or  less  thick — and  by  the  synovial 
membrane  of  the  articulation.  The  soft  parts  of 
this  joint  are, — the  ligamentum  patellce,  two  late- 
ral ligaments,  distinguished  by  the  names  inter- 
nal and  external  ;  a  posterior  ligament,  Ligamen'- 
tum  posti'cum  Winslow'ii  ;  two  crucial  ligaments, 
— the  one  anterior,  and  the  other  posterior;  two 
interarticular  fibro-cartilages  ;  some  albugineous 
fibres,  which  form  an  imperfect  capsule,  &c.  The 
knee  receives  its  arteries  from  the  femoral  and 
popliteal.  They  bear  the  name  articular.  Its 
veins  have  the  same  distribution  as  the  arteries, 
and  discharge  their  blood  into  the  saphena  and 
crural.  Its  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  sciatic, 
popliteal,  and  crural.  The  joint  is  protected  by 
the  tendons  and  muscles  which  surround  it. 

The  French  use  the  term  Articulation  en  genon 
for  a  joint,  in  which  the  head  of  a  bone  is  received 
into  a  bony  cavity  of  another,  where  it  rolls  and 
moves  in  all  directions. 

Geno  Corporis  Callosi,  see  Corpus  callosum 
■ — g.  Varum,  Entogonyancon. 


GENUGRA,  Gonagra. 
GENUINUS,  Legitimate. 
GENUS,  (F.)  Genre.  A  collection  or  group  of 
species,  analogous  to  each  other,  and  which  can 
be  united  by  common  characters.  When  a  spe- 
■cies  cannot  be  referred  to  a  known  genus,  it  con- 
stitutes a  distinct  one. 

Genus  Curationis,  Ratio  medendi. 
GENY,  Genys. 

GENYANTRAL'GIA,from  yivv;,  'the  maxilla,' 
avTpov,  'the  antrum,  and  a'Xyoi,  'pain.'  Pain  in 
the  antrum  of  Highmore. 

GENYANTRI'TIS,  from  yn-vs, 'the  maxilla, 
avTpov,  'the  antrum,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  antrum  of  Highmore. 
GENYANTRUM,  Antrum  of  Highmore. 
GENYOCYNANCHE,  CynancheVrotidsea. 
GENYOPLASTY,  see  Genioplasty. 
GENYS,  yews,  Genu,  yew,  'the  jaw;'  also  tha 
chin.     See  Gena. 

GEOFFR^'A  INER'MIS,  Geoffra'a,  G.  race- 
mo'sa  seu  Piso'nis  seu  Jamaicen'sis,  Vouaeap'- 
oua  America'na,  Geoffroy' a,  Oabbag"ium,  Andi'ra 
inerm'is  seu  racenio'sa,  Cabbage  Tree,  Cabbage 
Bark  Tree,  Worm-bark  Tree.  Ord.  Leguminosse. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The  odour  of 
the  bark  is  very  unpleasant.  It  is  anthelmintic 
and  cathartic.     Dose  of  the  powder,  V)j  to  Qij. 

GEOFFRiEA  Jajiaicensis,  G.  inermis — g.  Piso- 
nis,  G.  inermis — g.  Racemosa,  G.  inermis. 

GeoffRvE'a  Surinamen'sis,  Andi'ra  Surina- 
men'sis,  has  similar  properties. 

Huttenschmidt  has  separated  their  active  prin- 
ciples, to  which  he  has  given  the  names  Jamai- 
cine  and  Surinamine.     They  are  all  alkaline. 

Geoffr.EA  VERSriF'UGA,  Andira  ibai,  Arriba, 
Skolemo'ra  Fernanibucen'sis ;  a  South  American 
plant,  has  a  fruit,  the  almond  of  which,  called 
angeline,  has  a  reputation  at  Rio  Janeiro  as  a 
vermifuge.  Dose,  a  grain  to  fifteen ;  or  it  may 
be  given  in  infusion. 

GEOFFROYA,  Geofi"rsea  inermis  — g.  Jamai- 
censis,  G.  inermis. 

GEOG'RAPHY,  MED'ICAL,  Geogra'pMa 
Med'ica,  Nusogeog' raphy ,  Nnsogeograph' ia.  The 
description  of  the  surface  of  the  globe  as  regards 
the  influence  of  situation  on  the  health,  vital 
functions,  and  diseases  of  its  inhabitants,  vege- 
table and  animal;  but  principally  on  those  of 
man. 

GEOPH'AGISM,  Geopliag"ia,  GeBophag"ia, 
from  yrj,  'earth,'  and  (payoi,  'I  eat.'  The  act  or 
practice  of  eating  earth.     See  Chthonophagia. 

GEORGIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  The 
water  of  Indian  Springs,  in  Butts  County,  is 
sulphureous.  The  Warm  Springs,  in  Meriwether 
County,  have  a  temperature  of  90°  Fahr.  Jfadi- 
son's  Springs,  in  Madison  County,  are  a  chaly- 
beate; and  so  are  lioicland's  Springs,  in  Cass 
County.     All  these  are  frequented  by  invalids. 

GERjEOLOG"IA,  Geratolog" ia,  from  yr;(ia<:, 
yriparoi,  'old  age,'  and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse.'  "The 
doctrine,  or  a  description,  of  old  age. 

GERAFLOURIS,  Dianthus  caryophyllus. 
GER'ANIS,  from  yepavoi,  'a  crane,'  which  it 
resembled.     A  bandage,  used  by  the  ancients  in 
cases  of  fractured  clavicle.     Some  authors  attri- 
bute it  to  Hippocrates;  others,  to  Perigenes. 

GERA'NIUM,  same  etymon,  because  its  pistil 
is  long,  like  the  bill  of  the  crane.  Ord.  Gerania- 
ceas.     The  Crane's  Bill. 

Geranium  Carolinianum,  see  G.  Robertianum 
— g.  Foetidum,  G.  Robertianum — g.  Maculatum, 
see  Geranium,  and  G.  Moschatum. 

Geranium  Moscha'tum,  Erod'ium  Moschatum, 
(F.)  Bee  de  grue  musque.  A  European  plant, 
esteemed  to  be  excitant  and  diaphoretic. 

Geranium  Noveboracense,  G.  Maculatum — 
g.  Purpureum,  G.  Robertianum. 


GERAS 


422 


GIANT 


GEKANiUJf  RoBERTiA'NnM,  G.  fce'tiduni  seu 
purpu'reum,  Stinking  Crane's  Bill,  Herb  Robert, 
(F.)  Jlerbe  d  Robert,  Bee  de  Grne  Robertin. 
This  plant  was,  at  one  time,  used  as  an  antispas- 
modic and  slight  stimulant,  as  well  as  for  an  ex- 
ternal application  in  various  painful  sores  and 
inflammations. 

Gera'nidm  Carolinia'ndm,  has  similar  proper- 
ties. 

Most  of  the  species  of  geranium  have  been  used 
as  astringents.  In  some  of  the  northwestern 
parts  of  the  United  States,  the  root  of  Gera- 
nium macula' turn — Gera'nium,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  G. 
Noveboracen' se,  Spotted  Crane's  Bill,  Crowfoot, 
Alum  root,  Tormentil,  Stork  bill — is  called  Racine 
d  Becquet,  after  a  person  of  that  name.  It  is 
highly  extolled  by  the  Western  Indians  as  an 
antisyphilitic. 

GERAS,  Senectus. 

GERgURE,  Fissure. 

GERM,  Germen,  Blaste,  Blaste'ma,  (F.)  Germe. 
The  rudiment  of  a  new  being,  not  yet  developed, 
or  which  is  still  adherent  to  the  mother. 

Germ  Force,  Plastic  force. 

GERMANDER,  COMMON,  Teucrium  cha- 
msedrys — g.  Creeping,  Teucrium  chamsedrys — g. 
Marum,  Teucrium  marum  —  g.  Small,  Teucrium 
chamsedrys — g.  Water,  Teucrium  scordium. 

GER2[AXI)REE  AQUATIQUE,  Teucrium 
icordium  — jf.  Maritime,  Teucrium  marum — g. 
Officinale,  Teucrium  chamsedrys  —  g.  Scorodone, 
Teucrium  scordium. 

OERME  EAUX,  Conception,  false. 

GERMEN,  Germ,  Sperm— g.  Dentale,  Dental 
Pulp — g.  Falsum,  Mole — g.  Spurium,  Conception, 
false. 

GER'MINAL,  Ger'minative,  Germina'lis,  Ger- 
minati'vus,  (P.)  Germinatif ;  from  germen,  a 
germ.  Relating  or  belonging  to  germ ;  as  "  ger- 
viinal  cell." 

Germinal  Cell,  see  Cytoblast — g.  Membrane 
and  Vesicle,  see  Molecule  —  g.  Nucleus,  see 
Molecule — g.  Spot,  see  Molecule — g.  Vesicle,  see 
Molecule. 

GERMS,  DISSE.MINATION  OF,  Panspermia 
— g.  Pre-existence  of,  see  Preformation. 

GEROBOS'CIA,  Gerontobos'cia,  from  yvpas, 
'old  age,'  and  fioaK-q,  'food.'  Nourishment  or 
maintenance  proper  for  the  aged. 

GEROCOMEUM,  Gerocomium. 

GEROCO'MIA,  Gerocom'ice,  Gernntoeom'ice, 
from  yepav,  yepovroi,  'an  aged  person,'  and  ko/islv, 
'to  take  care  of  The  part  of  medicine  whose 
object  is  the  preservation  of  the  health  of  the 
aged  : — the  hygiene  of  old  people. 

GEROCOMI'CE,  Gerocomia. 

GEROCOMI'UM,  Gerocome'wn,  Rresbi/odo- 
chi'um,  Gerontocomi'um,  Gerotrophe'um.  Same 
etymon.     An  hospital  for  the  aged. 

GEROFLE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GEROFLEE  JAUNE,  Cheiranthus  cheiri, 

GERONTATROPHIA,  Marasmus  senilis. 

GERONTOBOSCIA,  Geroboscia. 

GERONTOCOMICE,  Gerocomia. 

GERONTOCOMIUM,  Gerocomium. 

GERONTO'PIA,  from  ytpwv,  ytpovrog,  'an  old 
person,'  and  a)-4>,  'the  eye.'  Weakness  of  sight 
of  the  aged. 

GERONTOTOXON,  Gerotoxon. 

GERONTOXON,  Gerotoxon. 

GBROTOX'ON,  Ge.rontox'on,  Gerontotox'on, 
Lenco'ma  Gerontotox'on, Mac' ula  cor'necB  arcua'ta, 
Areas  seni'lis;  from  yepwv,  yzpovro;,  'an  old  per- 
son,' and  To^ov,  'a  bow.'  A  bow-shaped  obscurity 
at  the  under  margin  of  the  cornea,  common  to 
old  people. 

GEROTROPHEUM.  Gerocomium. 

GEROTROPHIA,  Geroboscia. 


GERSA,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — g.  Serpentariae, 
see  Arum  maculatum. 

GESIER,  Ventriculus  callosus. 
GESTA,  'things  done,'  from  gerere,  gestum, 
'to  do,'  'carry.'  Acta.  A  Latin  term,  intro- 
duced by  Halle  into  medical  language,  to  desig- 
nate, among  the  objects  which  belong  to  hygiene, 
the  functions  which  consist  in  the  voluntary 
movements  of  muscles  and  organs.  In  the  class 
Gesta  are  found  sleep,  the  waking  state,  movements 
or  locomotion,  and  rest. 

GESTA'TION,  Gesta'tio,  Phora,  from  gestare, 
gestatum,  'to  oarry.'  The  time  during  which  a 
female  who  has  conceived  carries  the  embryo  in 
her  uterus.  See  Pregnancy.  Gestation,  likewise, 
signifies  the  bearing  or  carrying  of  an  individual; 
a  kind  of  exercise  easier  than  that  in  which  he 
moves  by  virtue  of  his  own  powers.  Thus,  we 
speak  oi  gestation  on  horseback,  in  a  carriage,  Ac. 

Gestation,  Pkotract'ed.  Pregnancy  pro- 
tracted beyond  the  usual  period.    See  Pregnancy. 

GESTICULA'TION,  Gesticnla'tio,  same  ety- 
mon. The  act  of  making  many  gestures;  a 
symptom  in  disease,  which  indicates  great  ence- 
phalic erethism.  It  is  met- with  in  numerous 
affections. 

GETHYL'LIS  SPIRA'LIS.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Amaryllidese,  the  orange-co- 
loured fruit  of  which  has  a  peculiar  fragrance. 
An  infusion  in  spirit  or  tincture  is  used  in  flatu- 
lence and  colic. 

GEUM,  G.  rivale — g.  Caryophyllatum,  G.  ur- 
banum  —  g.  Nutans,  G.  rivale  —  g.  Palustre,  G. 
rivale. 

Geum  Rivale,  G.  pains' tre  sen  vntans,  Carijo- 
phylla'ta  aquat'ica  seu  nutans,  Benerlic'tn  sylves'- 
tris.  Water  or  Purple  avens,  Choc'olute  root.  (F.) 
Benoite  aquatiqne  ou  des  Ruisseanx.  Ord.  Rosa- 
ceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  The 
root  of  this  plant — Geum  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  astrin- 
gent. It  has  been  much  extolled  in  the  cure  of 
intermittents,  diarrhoea,  hemorrhage,  &e. 

Geum  Urba'ndm,  G.  caryoj^hylla'tum,  Caryo- 
phylln'tn,  C.  vulga'ris  seu  nrba'na,  Caryophyl'lits 
vulga'ris,  Sanamun'da,  Lagophthal'mus,  Caryo- 
phyl'la,  Janamiin'da,  Uerha  benedic'ta,  Common 
avens.  Herb  Bennet,  Yelloio  avens,  Star  of  the 
North,  Blessed  herb,  (F.)  Benoite.  The  root  of 
this  plant  has  a  smell  not  unlike  that  of  cloves. 
Taste  bitterish,  austere :  virtues  yielded  to  water 
and  alcohol.  It  has  been  used  in  intermittents, 
dysentery,  chronic  diarrhoea,  debility,  &e.  Dose, 
^ss  to  ^j  of  the  powder. 

Geum  Vernum,  Western  early  avens,  has  the 
same  properties  as 

Geum  Virginia'num,  White  avens,  Avens,  Evan 
root.  Choc' olate  root,  Bennet,  Throat  root.  Cure- 
all,  (F.)  Benoite  de  Virginie,  is  common  from 
Maine  to  Carolina  and  Kentucky,  flowering  in 
June  and  July.  It  has  the  same  medical  pro- 
perties as  Geum  rivale. 

GEUMA,  Taste. 

GEUSION'OSI,  from  ytvcis,  'taste,'  and  voooq, 
'disease.'  Geusionu' si.  Diseases  of  the  organ  or 
sense  of  taste. 

GEUSIS,  Taste.  Rarely,  the  root  of  the 
tongue — Radix  lingua. 

GEUTHMOS,  Taste. 

GEZIB,  see  Pastinaca  opoponas. 

GEZIT,  Cagot. 

GEZITAIN,  Ca(p)t. 

GHERKIN,  see  Cucumis  sativns. 

GHITTA  JEMOCO,  Cambogia. 

GIALAPPA,  Convolvulus  Jalapi. 

GIANT,  Gigas,  (F.)  Geant.  One  much  above 
the  ordinary  stature;  of  excessive  growth — Ma- 
croso'mia,  Macrosomat'ta,  Magnitu'do  gigante'a, 
(F.)  Geantisme. 


GIBBA 


423 


GLADIOLUS 


GIBBA,  Hump. 

GIBBER,  Hump. 

GIBBEROSITAS,  Gibbositas. 

GIBBOS'ITAS,  Gihheroa'itas,  Cypho'sis,  Rha- 
cTiio-cypho'sis,  from  (F.)  Gibheux,  (L.)  Gibbus, 
gibbous, '  something  arched  or  vaulted  :  prominent.' 
Gibhos'ity,  Gib'bousness,  Curvature  of  the  s2nne,Hy- 
ho'ma.  A  phenomenon  which  occurs  in  diflFerent 
diseases,  particularly  in  rickets  and  caries  of  the 
vertebiag.     See  Hump. 

Gibbositas  Cariosa,  Vertebral  disease. 

GIBBOUSNESS,  Gibbositas. 

GIBBUS,  Hump — g.  Pottii,  Vertebral  disease. 

GIBLETS.  According  to  Minsheu.  from  Goh- 
bet,  'a  mouthful'  [?]  ;  but,  according  to  Junius, from 
(F.)  Gibier,  'game.'  The  word  seems  to  be  the 
old  (F.)  Gibelez,  Gibclet,  &c.,  i.  e.  Gibier,  (L.)  Ci- 
harium,  'food,'  (F.)  Abattis..  It  means,  generally, 
the  parts  which  are  cut  off  from  a  goose  before  it 
is  roasted.  Also,  the  extremities  of  fowls,  such 
as  the  head,  wings,  feet;  to  which  are  sometimes 
added  the  liver,  gizzard,  &e.  Soup,  made  from 
these,  is  moderately  nutritious. 

GIDDINESS,  Vertigo. 

GIDDY,  Vertiginous. 

GIGANTEUS,  Gigantic. 

GIG  ANTE  SQ  UE,  Gigantic. 

GIGAN'TIC,  Gigante'us,  Giganfo'des,  (F.)  Gi- 
ganlesque.  Relating  to  one  much  above  the  or- 
dinary stature. 

GIGANTODES,  Gigantic. 

GIGARTINA  HELMIXTIIOCHORTON,  Co- 
rallina  Corsicana — g.  Lichenoides,  Fucus  amyla- 
ceus. 

GIGARUS  SERPENTARIA,  Arum  dracun- 
culus. 

GIG  AS,  Giant. 

GIL  ARUM,  Thymus  serpyUum. 

GILEAD.BALMOF,  seeAmyrisopobalsamum. 

GILET  BE  FORCE,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

GILL,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

GiLL-GO-BY-GROUND,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

GILL  A  THEOPHRASTI,  Zinci  sulphas  — g. 
Vitrioli,  Zinci  sulphas. 

GILLE'NIA  STIPULA'CEA,  Small-flowered 
In'dian  Physic  has  the  sarne  properties  as 

Gille'nia  Trifolia'ta,  SpircB'a  trifolia'ta, 
Common  Gille'nia,  Indian  Physic,  Western  Drop- 
wort,  Indian  Hippo,  Ip'ecac,  Boicman's  root,  3Iea- 
doio  sweet,  Beaumont  root,  (F.)  Gillenie.  Ord. 
Rosacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Pentagynia. 
The  root  of  this  shrub,  and  of  G.  stipulacea  — 
Gille'nia,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  which  grows  plentifully 
in  the  United  States,  is  a  safe  and  efiicacious 
emetic,  in  the  dose  of  about  .SO  grains.  It  re- 
sembles ipecacuanha  in  its  properties. 

GILLENIE,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

GILLIFLOWER,  Dianthus  caryophyllus. 

G^/iiOA,  Viseum  album. 

GIM'BERNAT'S  LIGAMENT.  A  fibrous, 
triangular  expansion,  which  is  detached  from  the 
posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  crural  arch,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  crest  of  the  pubis.  This  liga- 
ment forms  the  inner  part  of  the  superior  aper- 
ture of  the  crural  canal.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
frequent  causes  of  strangulation  in  crural  hernia. 

GIN,  Hollands,  Gene'va,  (F.)  Genievre.  This 
spirit,  which  is  distilled  from  corn  and  juniper 
berries,  or  from  some  substitute  for  them,  is 
largely  used  in  Great  Britain,  arid  is  extremely 
detrimental,  to  the  lower  classes  particularly.  It 
possesses  the  properties  of  other  spirituous  liquors, 
but  is  diuretic,  and,  in  popular  medicine,  is  more 
used  than  other  varieties,  in  cases  of  colic  or  intes- 
tinal pain  ofany  liind.  Schiedam  Schnapps  is  under- 
stood to  be  Hollands  of  good  quality.     See  Spirit. 

Gin  Driskeh's  Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg  —  g. 
Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

GINGEJIBRE,  Amomum  zingiber. 


GINGER,  Amomum  zingiber. 

Ginger  Beer  Powder,  see  Amomum  zingiber. 

GiNGEK,  Garden,  Capsicum — g.  Indian, Asarum 
Canadense — g.  .lamaica,  concentrated  essence  of, 
see  Amomum  zingiber — •  g.  Preserved,  see  Amo- 
mum zingiber — g.  Wild,  Asarum  Canadense. 

GINGIBRA'CHIUM,  from  gingiva-.,  'tho 
gums,'  and  brachium,  'the  arm.'  A  name  given 
to  the  scurvy,  because  the  gums  and  arms  are 
chiefly  affected  by  it.  It  has  also  been  called 
Gingipe'dium,  because  the  lower  limbs  are  in 
many  eases  the  seat  of  scorbutic  spots.  See  Por- 
phyra  nautica. 

GINGIPEDIUM,  see  Gingibrachium,  Por- 
phyra  nautica. 

GINGI'V^,  from  gignere,  'to  beget,'  because 
the  teeth  are,  as  it  were,  begotten  in  them.  [?1 
The  gums,  ovXa,  Via,  Carnic'ula,  (F.)  Gencives. 
The  portion  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
mouth  which  covers  the  maxilhiry  bones  to  the 
level  of  the  alveolar  arches.  The  gums  are 
formed  of  a  red  tissue,  more  or  less  solid,  and  of 
a  fibro-mucous  nature,  which  adheres  strongly  to 
the  necks  of  the  teeth,  and  transmits,  between 
the  roots  and  their  alveoli,  a  very  thin  expan- 
sion,— the  alveolo-dental  periosteum.  The  gums 
fix  the  teeth  and  contribute  greatly  to  their  soli- 
dity. In  the  aged,  after  the  loss  of  the  teeth, 
they  become  fibrous  and  very  solid,  and  are  in- 
servient  to  mastication. 

GINGIVA'LIS,  Ulet'icus,  U'licus;  from  gin- 
giva, 'the  gums.'     Piclating  to  the  gums. 

GING'LYMOID,  GinglymoVdeus,  Ginglymo'- 
des,  from  ytyyXvjios,  'a  ginglymus  or  hinge,'  and 
ti&o£,  'resemblance.'  Resemloling  a  ginglymus  or 
hinge.  An  epithet  applied  to  joints  which  re- 
semble a  hinge,  as  a  ginglymoid  joint. 

GIN'GLYMUS,  Cardinamen'tum,  Cardo,  'a, 
hinge.'  (F.)  Chamiere,  Articulation  en  chamiere. 
A  species  of  diarthrodial  articulation,  which  only 
admits  of  motion  in  two  directions,  like  a  hinge, 
— as  the  knee-joint  or  elbow-joint. 

GINSENG,  Panax  quinquefulium- — g.  Asiatic, 
Panax  Schinseng  —  g.  Blue,  Caulophyllum  thalic- 
tro'ides — g.  Yellow,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides — 
g.  Horse,  Triosteum — g.  White,  Triosteum. 

GIRAFFE,  Densue. 

GIRARD-ROUSSIN,  Asarum. 

GIRDLE.  Cingulum. 

GIRL.  This  seems,  formerly,  to  have  been 
an  appellation  common  to  both  sexes.  Many 
etymologists  deduce  the  word  from  the  Su.  Goth. 
Karl,  'a  man.'  It  means  a  young  female,  (L.) 
Fil'ia,  from  iliCkziv,  'to  love.'     (F.)  Fille. 

GIROFLE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GIROFLEE  JAUNE,'Qhe\rAnthus  cheiri. 

GIROLE,  Slum  sisarum. 

GIRON.  Arum  maculatum. 

GIRSLE,  Cartilage. 

GISN,  Anhelatio. 

GISSA,  Cynanche  parotidsea. 

GIZZARD,  Ventriculus  callosus. 

GIZZEN,  see  Parturition. 

GLABELLA,  Mesophryon. 

GLABELLAD,  see  Glabellar. 

GLABEL'LAR,  from  glabella,  'the  space  be- 
tween the  eyebrows.'  An  epithet  for  an  aspect 
towards  the  glabella. — Barclay.  Glabellad  is  used 
adverbially  by  the  same  writer  to  signify  '  to- 
wards the  glabellar  aspect.' 

GLABRITIES,  Calvities. 

GLACE,  Ice. 

GLACIALE,  Mesembryanthemum  crystalli- 
num. 

GLACTALIS  HUxMOR,  Crystalline. 

GLACIES,  Ice. 

GLADI'OLUS,diminutiveof  f?7af//i/.?.  'a  sword,' 
from  the  sword-like  shape  of  its  leaf.  MachEerion 
— g.  Casruleus,  Iris  Germaniea. 


GLADIUS 


424 


GLANDULAR 


Gladi'olus    Commu'nis,    (?.    vtilga'rw,    Vleto-  j! 
ria'lisrotiin'dase-afem-!ne'a,CornJlag,CF.)Glayeul.  I 
Oi-d.  Iridise.     The  root  of  this  plant  has  been  || 
considered  aphrodisiac.     Applied  in  cataplasms, 
it  has  been  extolled  against  scrofulous  tumours. 

Gladiolus  Luteus,  Iris  pseudacorus — g.  Vul- 
caris,  G.  communis. 
°  GLADIUS,  Penis. 

GLAMA,  Lippitudo,  Chassie. 
GLAND,  Glan'diila,  Gran'dula,  (diminutive  of 
glans,  '  an  acorn,  a  kernel.')  Aden.  The  ancient 
anatomists  gave  this  name  to  a  number  of  organs 
of  a  te.xture  generally  soft,  and  a  shape  more  or 
less  globular,  but  differing  greatly  in  their  nature 
and  functions.  They  applied  it,  for  instance,  1. 
To  those  organs  which  separate  from  the  blood, 
any  fluid  whatever.  When  such  organs  were 
composed  of  several  lobules,  united  by  common 
vessels,  they  received  the  name  conr/Iomerate 
glands,  as  the  parotid,  pancreas,  <fcc.  2.  To  the 
reddish  and  spongy,  knot-like  bodies,  which  are 
met  with  in  the  course  of  the  lymphatics.  These 
they  called  conglobate  glands;  —  see  Ganglion, 
(lymphatic  ;)  and  3dly  and  lastly,  to  various  other 
organs,  whose  intimate  te.xture  and  functions  are 
still  unknown,  as  the  Pineal  gland,  Pituitary 
gland,  Glands  of  Pacchioni,  Thyroid  gland,  Thy- 
mus gland.  Supra-renal  glands,  &c.  Chaussier 
restricts  the  word  gland  to  those  softisn,  granular, 
lobated  organs,  composed  of  vessels,  and  a  parti- 
cular texture,  of  which  there  are  in  the  human 
body,  the  lachrymal,  salivary,  and  mammary,  the 
testicles,  the  liver,  pancreas,  and  kidneys.  These 
permanent  glands,  or  glands  icith  permanent  ducts, 
are  all  destined  to  draw  from  the  blood  the  mole- 
cules necessary  for  the  formation  of  new  fluids, 
and  to  convey  these  fluids  externally,  by  means 
of  one  or  more  excretory  ducts.  Several  glands, 
besides  their  excretory  ducts,  have  especial  reser- 
voirs, in  which  the  fluids,  secreted  by  them,  col- 
lect, remain  for  a  greater  or  less  space  of  time, 
and  undergo  slight  modifications  before  being 
evacuated;  —  such  are,  the  gall-bladder  for  the 
liver,  the  urinary  bladder  for  the  kidneys,  <fec. 
Each  gland  has  an  organization  peculiar  to  it, 
but  we  know  not  the  intimate  nature  of  the  glan- 
dular texture. — Malpighi  believed  that  the  ves- 
sels terminate  in  small,  solid  masses,  to  which  he 
gave  the  name — glandular  grains  or  acini.  In 
these,  he  considered,  the  excretory  ducts  originate. 
Ruysch  thought  that  the  glands  are  entirely  vas- 
cular, and  that  the  excretory  ducts  are  immedi- 
ately continuous  with  the  vasa  afferent ia,'&c.  The 
best  view,  perhaps,  is,  that  the  exhaling  or  secre- 
ting vessel  is  distributed  on  the  animal  membrane, 
which  forms  the  blind  extremity  of  the  excretory 
duct,  and  that  the  secretion  is  effected  through 
it  by  means  of  cells. 

The  term  glande  (F.)  is  sometimes  appropriated 
to  the  tumour  formed  by  inflammation  or  engorge- 
ment of  a  lymphatic  ganglion. 

GLAND,  Glans — g.  Accessory,  of  the  Parotid, 
see  Parotid  —  g.  Anteprostatic,  see  Cowper's 
glands — g.  Blood,  see  Ganglion — g.  Globate,  Con- 
globate gland  —  g.  Prostate,  Prostate  —  g.  Sali- 
vary, abdominal,  Pancreas. 

GLAND  AGE,  Adenophyma. 

GLANDE,  Gland  — cr.  Thyroide,  see  Thyroid 
gland — g.  Vulvaire  conglomeree,  Cowper's  glands 
in  the  female — g.  Vulvo-vaginale,  Cowper's  glands 
in  the  female. 

GLANDERS,  Equinia — g.  Earcy,  see  Equinia. 

GLAND  ES  BRONCHIQUES,  Bronchial 
glands — g.  Cerumineuses,  Ceruminous  glands — g. 
Conglobees,  Conglobate  glands  —  g.  de  Cowper, 
Cowper's  glands  in  the  female — g.  de  Croissance, 
Waxing  kernels  —  g.  de  Littre,  see  Sebaceous 
glands— J.  de  3Ieibomius,  Meibomius,  glands  of— 


g.  de  3[ery,  Cowper's  glands  in  the  female — g.  de 
Pacchioni,  Pacchioni,  glands  of. 

GLANDIFORM  CORPUSCLE,  Acinus  — g. 
ganglion,  see  Ganglion. 

GLANDIUM,  Thymus, 

GLANDS,  see  Quercus  Alba  —  g.  Accessory, 
Cowper's  glands — g.  Aggregate,  Peyeri  glandulse 
— g.  Agminated,  Peyer's  glands — g.  Aporic,  Gan- 
glions, glandiform  —  g.  Blind,  Ganglions,  glandi- 
form— g.  of  Bartholinus,  Cowper's  glands  in  the 
female  —  g.  Brunner's,  see  Brunner's  glands  —  g. 
Cowper's,  see  Cowper's  glands— g.  Diapnogenous, 
see  Perspiration  —  g.  Ductless,  see  Ganglion — g. 
of  Duverney,  Cowper's  glands  in  the  female — g. 
Havers's,  Synovial  glands — g.  Lenticular,  Lentic- 
ulares  glandulee  —  g.  Lieberkiihn's,  Lieberkiihn's 
glands,  see  Intestine  —  g.  Miliary,  Sebaceous 
glands — g.  of  Naboth,"  Nabothi  Glandulse — g.  Oil, 
Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  of  Pacchioni.  Glandulse 
Pacchioni — g.  Permanent,  see  Gland — g.  Peyer's, 
Peyeri  glandulse  —  g.  Renal,  Capsules,  renal  —  g. 
Sebaceous,  see  Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  Solitary, 
Brunner's  glands — g.  Sudoriparous,  see  Perspira- 
tion— g.  Sweat,  see  Perspiration. 

Glands,  Tem'porary,  Glands  without  perma- 
nent orifices.  Glands,  that  consist  of  a  single 
primary  vesicle  or  sacculus,  which,  having  ela- 
borated a  secretion  in  its  ■  interior,  bursts,  dis- 
charges it,  and  disappears.  The  Graafian  vesi- 
cles and  the  gland  cells  afford  examples  of  these. 
Glands  of  Tyson,  Sebaceous  glands  of  Tyson 

—  g.  Vascular,  see  Ganglion  —  g.  of  Vesalius, 
Bronchial  glands — g.  of  Willis,  Albicantia  corpo- 
ra, Mammillary  tubercles. 

GLANDULA,  Gland— g.  ad  Aures,  Parotid— 
g.  Avicennae,  Eneystis  —  g.  Bartholiniana,  Sub- 
lingual gland — g.  Basilaris,  Pituitary  gland  —  g. 
Colli,  Tonsil  —  g.  Innominata  Galeni,  Lachrymal 
gland — g.  Lacrymalis,  Lachrymal  gland — g.  Lac- 
tifera.  Mammary  gland  —  g.  Miicosa,  Conglobate 
gland  —  g.  Pinealis,  Pineal  gland- — g.  Pituitosa. 
Pituitary  gland — g.  Riviniana,  Sublingual  gland 

—  g.  Salivalis  abdominis.  Pancreas  —  g.  Socia 
Parotidis,  see  Parotid  —  g.  Thymiis,  Thymus — g. 
Thyreoidea,  Thyroid  gland. 

Glandule  Acinose, see  Acinus — g.  Agminatse, 
Peyeri  glandulae — g.  Articulares,  Synovial  glands 
— g.  Assistentes,  Prostate — g.  Brunneri,  Brunner's 
glands — g.  Cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi  glandulse — g. 
CoronaB  penis,  sec  Sebaceous  glands — g.  Cowper's, 
Cowper's  glands  —  g.  Durse  matris,  G.  Pacchioni 
— g.  Durae  meningis,  G.  Pacchioni — g.  in  Agmen 
congregatae  intestinorum,  Peyeri  glandulce  —  g. 
Intestinales,  Peyeri  glandulse  —  g.  Lieberkiihni- 
anse,  Lieberkiihn's  glands — g.  Littrianse,  see  Se- 
baceous glands  —  g.  Meibomianas,  Meibomius, 
glands  of — g.  Mucosae  coagminatas  intestinorum, 
Peyeri  glandulse  —  g.  Muciparae  racematim  con- 
gestse  intestinorum,  Peyeri  glandulse  —  g.  Myrti- 
formes,  Carunculse  myrtiformes  —  g.  Odoriferse 
glandis,  see  Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  Odoriferaa 
penis,  see  Sebaceous  glands — g.  Odoriferaj  Tysoni, 
see  Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  Pacchioni,  Pacchioni, 
glands  of — g.  Peyerianae,  Peyeri  glandulse  —  g. 
Plexiformes,  Peyeri  G. — g.  Prostatae  mulierum, 
see  Corpus  glandulosum  mulierum  —  g.  Sebaceae 
ciliares,  Meibomius,  glands  of — g.  Sebaceae  glan- 
dis, see  Sebaceous  glands — g.  Solitari«,  Brunner's 
glands  —  g.  Spurise,  Peyeri  glandular.  Ganglions, 
glandiform — g.  Sudoriferse,  see  Perspiration — g. 
Suprarenales,  Capsules,  renal  —  g.  Tubulosse,  see 
Tubular — g.  Tysoni,  Sebaceous  glands  of  Tyson 

—  g.  Uterinse,  Utricular  glands  —  g.  Utriculares, 
Utricular  Glands  —  g.  Vaseulosse,  Conglomerate 
glands — g.  Vesalianse,  Bronchial  glands. 

GLANDULAIRE,  Glandular. 
GLAND'ULAR,     Glandula'ris,     Glandulo'sua, 
(F.)   Glandalaire,   Glanduleux.     Having  the  ap' 


GLANDULE 


42; 


GLOBULE 


penrance,  form,  or  texture  of  Glands  ;  as  a  glan- 
dular body,  a  glandular  texture,  &c. 

Glandular   Substance    of  tue  Kidney,  see 
Kidney. 

GLANDULE    OF    MALPIGHI,  see    Corpora 
Malpighiana. 

GLANDULEUX,  Glandular. 
GLANDULO'SO-CARXEUS.      Ruysch    gives 
this  epithet  to  fleshy  excrescences  which  he  found 
in  the  bladder. 

GLANDULOSUS,  Glandular. 
GLANS,  genitive  glandis,  ('  an  acorn.')  Bal'a- 
nns,  Cyt'taros,  Cuspis,  Cajnit,  C.  Penis,  Genita'le 
caput,  (F.)  Gland.  The  extremity  of  the  penis 
and  of  the  clitoris.  The  glans  penis  is  of  a  coni- 
cal, slightly  flattened  shape.  It  is  continuous 
with  the  urethra,  which  opens  at  its  apex  ;  and 
is  circumscribed  by  a  projecting  edge,  called  the 
C'nro'na  glandis,  behind  which  is  a  depression. 
Colhim  seu  Sxdcus  retroglandula' ris.  It  is  covered 
by  a  thin  mucous  membrane,  is  furnished,  at  its 
base,  with  sebaceous  follicles,  called  glan'dulcB 
odori/'ercB  Tyso'ni,  the  secretion  from  which  is 
termed  Smegma prepu'tii ;  and  can,almostalways, 
be  covered  by  the  reflection  of  the  skin,  called  the 
prepnce.  Lastly,  it  is  formed  of  a  spong}'  texture, 
susceptible  of  being  thrown  into  erection. 
Glans,  Bronchocele,  Pessary,  Suppository. 
Glass  Clitor'idis  is  smaller.  It  is  imper- 
forate, and  likewise  covered  with  a  sort  of  pre- 
puce formed  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
vulva. 

Glans  Jovis  Theophrasti,  Fagus  eastane.a — 
g.  Ulnae,  Olecranon — g.  Unguentaria,  Guilandina 
morinsa,  Myrobalanus. 
GLAREA,  Gravel. 
GLASS,  Vitrum. 

GLAUBER'S  SALTS,  Soda,  sulphate  of. 
GLAUCEDO,  Glaucoma. 

GLAUCO'MA.  from  y\avKoi,  'sea-green,' 
Glauco'sis,  Glauce'do,  Catarac'ta  glaiica,  Oc'uhts 
cm'sius,  Ccs'sius,  Phiharma  glauco'ma,  Parnjj'sis 
glauco'sis,  Ap/x/lauco'sis.  Amongst  the  older 
pathologists,  this  word  was  used  synonymously 
with  cataract.  It  is  now  ordinarily  applied  to 
opacity  of  the  vitreous  humour  or  of  the  tunica 
hyaloidea,  which  manifests  it-self  by  a  grayish, 
or  greenish  spot,  apparent  through  the  pupil. 
The  diagnosis  is  generally  difiicult;  and  the  dis- 
ease is  almost  always  incurable. 
GLAUC0)rA  WouLHODSi,  Cataract. 
GLAUCOSIS,  Glaucoma. 

GLAYEUL,  Gladiolus  vulgaris — g.  Puant, 
Iris  foetidissima. 

GLECHO'MA  HEDERA'CEA,  G.  hirsu'ta, 
Nep'eta  glecho'ma,  Heder'ula,  ChamcBcle'ma,  C. 
hedera'eea,  Oalamin'tha  hedera'cea,  Calamin'ta 
humil'ior,  ChamcBcis'sus,  Hed'ern  terres'tris,  Nep'- 
eta glecho'ma,  Panace'a  piec'toris,  Grotind-ivy, 
Gill,  Gill-go-hy-ground,  Alehoof,  Rohin  runaway, 
(F.)  Lierre  terrestre,  Terrette,  Randote,  Herhe 
Saint-Jean.  This  plant  —  Orrf.  Labiatae — has  a 
strong  smell,  and  a  bitterish,  somewhat  aromatic, 
taste.  It  has  been  considered  expectorant  and 
tonic, 

GLECHOMA  HIRSUTA,  G.  hederaeea. 
GLECHOX.  Mentha  pulegium. 
GLECHONI'TIS.      Wine,    impregnated   with 
the  Gleehon,  y^rj^wv,  mentha  pulegium  or  penny- 
rovnl. 

GLEEIXG,  Strabismus. 
GLEET,  see  Gonorrhoea. 
GLEME,  Chassie,  Lippitudo. 
GLEXE,  y^rjvrj.    The  pupil.    The  anterior  part 
of  the  eye.     The  eyeball.     The  eye.     According 
to  some,  the    crystalline   lens.     Also,  a  glenoid 
cavity. 

GLEXGORE,  Svphilis. 
GLEXGOUR,  Syphilis. 


GLEXITIS,  Phacitis. 

GLEXX'S    SPRINGS,    see    South    Carolina, 
Mineral  waters  of. 
GLENOID,  Glene. 

Gle'xoid,  Glenoid'al,  Glenoida'lia,  Gleno'i'des, 
Gleno'des,  Gleno'i'deus,  from  y^rivrj,  and  ttSo;,  're- 
semblance.' (F.)  Glendide,  Glenoidale,  Gleno'i- 
dien.  Any  shallow,  articular  cavity,  y\r)vri,  glene, 
which  receives  the  head  of  a  bone;  such  as,  1. 
The  glenoid  cavity  or  fossa  of  the  scapula,  Fossa 
gleno'idea,  Omocot'yle,  Acetab'ulum  hu'ineri,  C'av'i- 
tas  hu'meri  gleno'ides,  Entypo' sis,  is  situate  at 
the  anterior  angle  of  the  scapula;  and  is  arti- 
culated with  the  head  of  the  humerus.  2.  The 
glenoid  cavity  or  fossa  of  the  temporal  bone.  It 
is  seated  between  the  two  roots  of  the  zygomatic 
process,  and  receives  the  condj'le  of  the  lower 
jaw. 

Glenoid  Lig'ament,  (F.)  Ligament  Gleno'idien, 
is  a  fibro-cartilaginous  ring  or  lourrelet,  which 
seems  formed  by  the  expansion  of  the  tendon  of 
the  long  head  of  the  biceps  brachialis,  and  sur- 
rounds   the    glenoid  cavity  of  the    scapula,  the 
depth  of  which  it  increases. 
GLENOIDALE,  Glenoid. 
GLEYED,  see  Strabismus. 
GLIADINE,  Hffimatin. 

GLISCHRAS'MA,  Glis'chrotes,  from  yAi(7;^pai- 
Ku,  (yAia,  'glue,')  'I  become  glutinous.'  Lentor, 
viscidity.  —  Hippocrates. 

GLISCHROCH'OLUS,  from  y^iaxpoi,  'viscid,' 
and  ;^oA)7,  'bile.'  An  epithet  fur  excrement  which 
is  glutinous  and  bilious. 

GLISCHR0TE6,  Glischrasma. 
GLISOMARGO,  Cretii. 
GLISSEMENT  EU  LAMBEAU,  see  Flap. 
GLISTER,  Clyster. 

GLOBE,  Bandage  (head)— g.  of  the  Eye,  see 
Eye — g.  Flower,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis,  Trol- 
lius  laxus. 

GLOBULAIRE  PURGATIVE,  Globularia 
alypum. 

GLOBULA'RIA  AL'YPUM,  Glohula'ria, 
Jfontpel'lier  Turhith,  (F.)  Glohidaire  purgative, 
TurbitJi  hlanc.  Ord.  Globularias.  The  leaves 
of  this  plant  are  bitter,  and  have  been  used  in 
intermittents  and  in  constipation.     See  Alypon. 

GLOB'ULE,  Glob'idus,  Spihrn'rion,  SpjlicB'rula. 
A  small  globe. 

Globules  op  the  Blood,  Blood  globules, 
Blood-corpuscles,  Blood-disks,  Blood-vesicles, 
Glob'uli  seu  Vesic'ulcB  seu  Spbce'ridcB  seu  Follic'- 
itli  sea  Corpus' eula  seu  Cell'ulcB  seu  Partic'idm  seu 
Gran'vla  san'guinis,  (F.)  Globules  du  sang,  Bis- 
ques sanguins,  are  small,  circular  bodies,  which 
are  particularly  observable  when  the  transparent 
parts  of  cold-blooded  animals  are  examined  by 
the  aid  of  the  microseape;  and  are  met  with  in 
the  blood  of  all  animals.  They  are  circular  in 
the  mammalia,  and  elliptical  in  birds  and  cold- 
blooded animals  ;  are  flat  in  all  animals,  and 
generally  composed  of  a  central  nucleus  enclosed 
in  a  membranous  sac.  Chemically,  they  consist 
!!  of  hsematin  and  globulin — hcemato-globulin.  The 
chemical  composition  of  the  nucleus,  where  it 
exists, — it  does  not  in  man, — has  been  by  some 
regarded  as  fibrin;  by  others,  as  fat ;  and  by 
others,  again,  as  a  species  of  horn,  to  which  the 
name  nuclein  has  been  given. 

Size  of  the  Globules. 

Sir  E.  Home  and  Bauer,  with  ]  1.1700th  part  of 
colouring  matter J  an  inch. 

Eller L1930 

Sir  E.  Home  and  Bauer,  with-  ] 
out  colouring  matter J 

Miiller 1.2.'500  to  1.3500 

Mandl 1.2625  to  1.3150 


1.2000 


GLOBULE   D'ARANTIUS        426 


GLOSSO-EPIGLOTTIC 


Hodgkin,  Lister,  and  Rudolphi,  1.3000 

Sprengel, 1.3000  to  1.3500 

Cavallo 1.3000  to  1.4000 

Donne 1.3150  to  1.3280 

Jurin  and  Gulliver 1.3240 

Blumenbach  and  Senac 1.3330 

Tabor 1.3600 

Milne  Edwards 1.3900 

Wagner 1.4000 

Eater 1.4000  to  1.6000 

Prevost  and  Dumas 1.4056 

Haller,  Wollaston,  and  Weber...  1.5000 
Young 1.6060 

Besides  these,  tte  blood  contains  tnhite  glo- 
bules,  (F.)  Globules  hlancs,  Leucocytes,  which  are 
probably  lymph  and  chyle  corpuscles  in  process 
of  development  into  red  corpuscles. 

Dried  blood  globules  of  the  ox  have  been  given 
internally  in  cases  of  ansemia. 

GLOBULE  D'ARANTIUS,  see  Sigmoid 
valves — g.  du  Sang,  Globule  of  the  blood. 

GLOBULES  BLANCS,  see  Globules  of  the 
blood — g.  Ganglion,  see  Neurine  —  g.  Chyle,  see 
Chyle  —  g.  Lymph,  see  Lymph  —  g.  Milk,  see 
Milk  —  g.  Mucous,  see  Mucus  —  g.  Pus,  see  Pus 
— g.  Pyoid,  see  Pus. 

GLOBULI  ARTERIARUM  TERMINI,  see 
Acinus  —  g.  Mammillares,  see  Mnmmillary  emi- 
nence—  g.  Sanguinis,  Globules  of  the  blood  —  g. 
Tartari  martiales,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — g.  Tar- 
tratis  ferri  et  li-xivise,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

GLOB'ULIN.  Glol'nline,  Blood  ca'sein.  The 
colourless  substance  that  remains  after  the  ab- 
straction of  the  colouring  matter  of  the  blood- 
corpuscle.  It  is  a  peculiar  albuminous  principle. 
The  globulin  of  Berzelius  consists  of  the  enve- 
lopes of  the  blood  globules,  and  of  the  part  of 
their  contents  that  remains  after  the  extraction 
of  the  hsematin.  Lecanu  regards  it  as  identi- 
cal with  albumen;  and,  according  to  Mulder,  it 
belongs  to  the  combinations  of  protein.  Robin 
and  Verdeil  consider  it  to  be  albuminose. 

The  term  glohulin  is  likewise  given  by  M. 
Donne  to  small  granulations  appertaining  to  the 
chyle,  ■which  are  observable  in  the  blood  with  the 
microscope.  They  are  small,  white,  roundish,  iso- 
lated or  irregularly-agglomerated  grains ;  of  about 
the  1-300  of  a  millimetre  in  diameter,  and  are  re- 
garded by  M.  Donne  as  the  first  elements  of  the 
blood  globules.  They  are  the  white  granulated 
corpuscles  of  Mandl. 

GLOBULISM,  Homeopathy. 

GLOBULUS  ARANTIL  see  Sigmoid  valves 
—  g.  Nasi,  see  Nasus  —  g.  Sanguineus,  Punctum 
saliens — g.  Stapedius  Ossis,  Os  orbiculare. 

GLOBUS  HYSTERICUS,  Angone— g.  Major, 
see  Epididymis  —  g.  Minor,  see  Epididj'mis  —  g. 
Martialis,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

Globus  Uteri'nus.  A  term  applied  by  accou- 
cheurs to  the  round  tumour,  formed  by  the  uterus 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen  immediately 
after  delivery. 

GLOMERATE,  Conglomerate. 

GLOM'ERULE,  Glomer'ulus ;  from  glomus,  'a, 
clew  of  thread.'  A  ball  or  clew,  formed  by  an 
agglomeration  of  vessels;  as  Glomerule  of  Malpi- 
ghi ;  see  Corpora  Malpighiana. 

GLOMERULI  RENALES,  Corpora  Malpi- 
ghiann. 

GLOSSA,  Glotta,  'the  tongue.'  The  power  of 
speech.     Speech.     Hence: 

GLOSSAGRA,  Glossalsia. 

GLOSSAL'GIA,  Gloss'agra,  Glottal'gia,  Glott'- 
agra,  from  yAoio-o-a,  '  the  tongue,'  and  aXyos,  '  pain.' 
Pain  in  the  tonarue. 

GLGSSANIS'CHUM,  Glossanoch'ens,  Glossan'- 


ochum,  from  yyutaaa,  'tongue,'  and  avcx^iv,  'to 
hold  up.'  An  instrument  for  holding  up  the 
tongue. 

GLOSSANOCHEUS,  Glossanischum. 
GLOSSANOCHUM,  Glossanischum. 
GLOSS'ANTHRAX,  Pestla  gloss' anthrax,  (F.) 
Boussole,  from  yXioaua,  '  the  tongue,'  and  av^pa^, 
'a.  carbuncle.'      Carbuncle  of  the  Tongue.     A  dis- 
ease more  common  in  cattle  than  in  man. 

GLOSSEPIGLOT'TIC,  Glossepiglot'ticus.  Re- 
lating to  the  tongue  and  epiglottis,  as  Ligamen'- 
tum  glossepiglott' icum. 

GLOSSIAXUS,  Lingual  muscle. 
GLOSSI'TIS,  from  yAutraa,  'the  tongue,'  and 
itis,  a  sufiix  denoting  inflammation.  Glosson' cua 
inflarnmato' rius,  Angi'na  lingua'ria  seu  lingua'- 
lis,  Inflamma'tio  Lingua,  L\flammation  of  the 
tongue,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  Langiie.  When 
confined  to  the  mucous  membrane,  it  is  of  slight 
importance.  That  which  affects  the  whole  of  the 
tongue  is  a  serious  disease,  and  requires  the  vigo- 
rous use  of  antiphlogistics.     It  is  rare. 

GLOSSO,  from  yXoiaaa,  'the  tongue.'  In  com- 
position, relating  or  appertaining  to  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOC'ACE,  from  glosso,  and  Kaxog,  'evil.' 
Ulceration  of  the  tongue,  with  symptoms  of  ady- 
namic fever. 

GLOSSOCARCINO'MA,  Glossoscir'rhus,  Car- 
cino'ma  LingucB,  from  glosso,  and  xapKivwua, 
'cancer.'     Cancer  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOCAT'OCHUS,  Glossocat'oche,  Cata- 
glos'sum,  from  yXoxrira,  'the  tongue,'  and  Karex'^f 
'I  arrest.'  Lingua  Leten'tor,  (F.)  Abaisseur  de 
la  langue.  An  instrument,  the  invention  of  which 
is  attributed  to  Paulus  of  Mgma,,  and  which  was 
employed  to  depress  the  tongue,  in  order  to  exa- 
mine diseases  of  the  fauces.  It  was  composed 
of  t^vo  branches;  one  of  which  had,  at  its  extre- 
mity, a  plate  for  depressing  the  tongue ;  whilst 
the  other,  shaped  like  a  horse-shoe,  was  applied 
under  the  chin.  The  finger,  or  the  handle  of  a 
spoon,  or  a  spatula,  is  generally  used  in  similar 
cases.     See  Catagoglossum. 

GLOSSOCE'LE,  from  glosso,  and  >:n\i,  'her- 
nia,' 'tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  Tongue,  Para- 
glos'se,  Prolap'sus  lingua,  Glossomegia'tns,  Glos- 
sopto'sis.  Projection  of  the  tongue  from  the 
mouth.  It  depends,  generally,  on  an  inflamma- 
tory swelling  of  the  organ.  At  times,  however, 
a  chronic  glossocele,  or  sort  of  oedematous  en- 
gorgement, is  met  with;  which  proceeds  to  a 
great  length,  and  deforms  the  dental  arches,  the 
lips,  &e.  Inflammatory  glossocele  must  be  com- 
bated by  antiphlogistics.  In  the  oedematous 
kind,  such  as  is  sometimes  caused  by  excessive 
salivation,  the  infiltrated  fluid  may  be  pressed 
back  by  the  hand  of  the  practitioner,  to  get  the 
tongue  behind  the  teeth;  and  it  may  be  kept 
there  by  a  piece  of  gauze  tied  over  the  mouth. 
The  chronic,  elongated  kind  sometimes  requires 
amputation  of  a  portion  of  the  organ. 
GLOSSOCOMA,  Glossospasmus. 
GLOSSOC'OMOX,  Glossoc'omiirn,  Glossocomi'- 
on,  from  glosso,  and  kojihii,  'to  guard.'  The  an- 
cients gave  this  name  to  a  small  case  for  holding 
the  tongues  of  their  wind-instruments.  By  ex- 
tension, it  was  applied  to  the  box  or  cradle  in 
which  fractured  limbs  were  kept.  We  find,  in 
the  ancient  writers,  a  Glossocomon  of  Hippocrates, 
of  Nymphodorus,  Galen,  &c. 

GLOSSODESMUS.  Franum  lingua. 
GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TIC,  Glosso-epiglott'icus. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  tongue  and  epiglottis. 
Some  anatomists  have  so  denominated  certain 
fleshy  fibres,  which  pass  from  the  base  of  the 
tongue  towards  the  epiglottis.  These  muscles 
are  more  evident  in  some  of  the  mammalia  than 
in  man;  and  their  use  seems  to  be, — to  raise  the 


GLOSSOGRAPHY 


427 


GLUTEUS    MAGNUS 


epiglottis,  and  to  remove  it  farther  from  the  glot- 
tis. Santorini,  who  described  them  afcer  Eusta- 
chius,  calls  them  Retracto'res  Epi(jhjt'tidis. 

Glosso-Epiglot'tic  Ligament,  Frcenum  seu 
Fra'nidum  epiglot'tidis,  Ligameii'tnm  memhrana'- 
cenm,  Vela  men' turn  lingucB.  Three  folds  of  mucous 
membrane,  which  connect  the  anterior  surface  of 
the  epiglottis  with  the  root  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOGr'RAPHY,  Glossogra'phia,  from  glos- 
80,  and  ypa<l>ri,  'a  description.'  An  anatomical 
description  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSO-HYAL.  A  name  given,  by  GeofFroy 
Saint-Hilaire,  to  the  posterior  cornua  of  the  os 
hyoides. 

GLOSSOL'OGY,  Glossolog"ia,  from  gloiso,  and 
Aoyof,  '  a  treatise/  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on 
the  tongue.     Nomenclature. 

GLOSSOL'YSIS,  Olossople' gia,  Paral't/sis  lin- 
gum,  P.  Nervi  hypnglossi,  from  gloBso,  and  Xuirif, 
'solution.'     Paralysis  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOMANTI'A,  Progno'sis  ex  lingua,  from 
glosso,  and  navrem,  '  divination.'  Prognosis  from 
the  state  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOMEGISTUS,  Glossocele,  Paraglossa. 

GLOSSON'CUS,  from  glosso,  and  oyKoq,  '  tu- 
mour.' Exonco'aia  lingucB.  Swelling  of  the 
tongue. 

Glossoncus  Inflammatorius,  Glossitis. 

GLOSSO-PALATINUS,  Glosso-staphylinus— 
g.  Pharyngeal,  Glosso-pharyngeus,  Pharyngo- 
glossal — g.  p.  Nerve,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve. 

GLOSSO -PHARYNGE'US,  Glosso -pharyn- 
ge'al,  from  glosso,  and  (papvy^,  'the  pharynx.'  Be- 
longing to  the  tongue  and  pharynx.  Some  anato- 
mists thus  designate  certain  fleshy  bundles,  which 
arise  from  the  lateral  parts  of  the  base  of  the 
tongue,  and  are  inserted  into  the  parietes  of  the 
j)harynx.  They  form  part  of  the  constrictor  pha- 
ryngis  superior. 

GLOSSOPLEGTA,  Glossolysis. 

GLOSSOPTOSIS,  Glossocele. 

GL0SS03CIRRHUS,  Glossocarcinoma. 

GLOSSOSCOP'IA,  from  glosso,  and  tr-corrso),  'I 
view.'     Inspection  of  the  tongue  as  an  index  of 

GLOSS  OSPAS'MUS,  Glossoco'ma,  Spasmus 
lin'gncB,  from  glosso,  and  uTranjiug,  '  spasm.'  Cramp 
or  spasm  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOSPA'THA,  Spat'ula  pro  ore,  from 
glosso,  and  airadrj,  'spatula.'  A  spatula  for  press- 
ing down  the  tongue  to  enable  the  fauces  to  be 
examined. 

GLOSSO-STAPIIYLrNUS,  from  glosso,  and 
crarfivXr),  '  the  uvula.'  Glossopalati'nua,  Pala'to- 
glossus,  Constrio'tnr  Isthini  Fau'cinm.  A  small, 
thin,  narrow,  and  long  muscle,  which  arises  from 
the  base  of  the  tongue,  and  is  inserted  at  the  in- 
ferior and  lateral  part  of  the  velum  palati,  in  the 
anterior  pillar  of  which  it  is  situate.  Its  use  is 
to  contract  the  isthmus  faucium,  by  depressing 
the  velum  palati,  and  raising  the  base  of  the 
tongue. 

GLOSSOSTERE'SIS,  LingncB  extirpa'tio,  from 
glosso,  and.  (rrsptjaig,  'privation.'  Extirpation  of 
the  tongue. 

GLOSSOSTROPH'IA,  from  glosso,  and  arpe^pw, 
'  I  turn.'  Doubling  of  the  point  of  the  tongue 
upwards  and  backwards, — said  to  have  been  a 
mode  of  suicide.  [?] 

GLOSSOT'OMY,  Glossotom'ia,  from  glosso,  and 
Ttjxvuv,  '  to  cut.'  Dissection  of  the  tongue.  Am- 
putation of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSYPERTROPH'IA,  from  glosso,  and 
'vKzp,  'over,'  and  rpt^uv,  'to  nourish.'  Hyper- 
trophy or  supernutrition  of  the  tongue. 

GLOTTA,  Glossa,  Tongue. 

GLOTTAGRA,  Glossalgia. 

GLOTTALGIA,  Glossalgia. 


GLOTTIS,  yXuTTis,  ('  the  mouth-piece  of  a 
flute,')  Lig'ula.  A  small  oblong  aperture,  in  the  la- 
rynx, comprised  between  the  chorda  vocales.  It  ia 
narrow,  anteriorly  ;  wider,  posteriorly;  and  is  ca- 
pable of  being  modified  by  muscular  contraction, 
as  may  be  required  by  the  voice.  It  is  by  the 
chordae  vocales,  that  voice  is  produced.  The 
glottis  is  nearly  an  inch  long  in  the  adult  male: 
less  in  the  female  and  child. 

Glottis  is,  by  some,  used  synonymously  with 
ventricle  of  the  larynx :  with  other.s,  it  includes 
the  whole  of  the  larj'nx. 

Glottis,  Lips  of  the,  Thyreo-arytenoid  liga- 
ments— g.  Spasm  of  the,  Asthma  thymicum. 

GLOUGLOU  D'UNE  BOUTEILLE,  Gurg- 
ling. 

GL  0  UTER  ON,  Arctium  Lappa— ^.  Petit, Xmn- 
thium.  . 

GLOUTIUS,  Gluteal— g.  Maximus  et  extimus, 
Glutseus  maximus — g.  Secundus  et  inedius,  Glu- 
taeus  medius — g.  Tertius  et  intimus,  Glutasus  mi- 
nimus. 

OLOUTON,  Glutton. 

GLOWWORM,  Cicindela. 

GLUANT,  Glutinous. 

GLUCOGENIA,  Glycogeny. 

GLUCOGENESIS,  Glycogeny. 

GLUCOSE,  Ghjcose,  from  yAv/cus,  'sweet.' 
Grape,  Fruit,  Starch,  and  Honey  sugar.  A 
variety  of  sugar,  that  occurs  naturally  in  many 
vegetable  juices,  and  in  honey.  Compared  with 
cane  sugar,  it  is  much  less  soluble  in  water,  and 
less  disposed  to  cr3'stallize;  and,  when  injected 
into  the  blood-vessels,  does  not  pass  off  to  the 
like  extent  by  the  kidneys.  Diabetic,  U'rinury, 
and  Hepatic  sugar  appear  to  have  the  same  che- 
mical composition. 

GLUCOSURIA,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

GLUE  BONE,  Osteocolla. 

GLUE  FISH,  Ichthyocolla. 

GLUMPOT,  Gallipot. 

GLUTEUS  MAGNUS,  G.  major  — g.  Major, 
G.  maximus. 

GluTje'us  Max'imus,  G.  major  seu  magnus, 
Ifaximus  et  ex'timus  glou'tius,  (F.)  Muscle  grand 
fessier,  Ilio-sacro-femoral;  Sacro-femoral,  (Ch.), 
from  y'SovToq,  'the  buttock,'  'the  breech.'  This 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
pelvis,  and  at  the  upper  and  posterior  part  of  the 
thigh.  It  is  large,  thick,  and  quadrilateral;  and 
is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
crista  ilii,  to  the  part  of  the  ilium  comprised  be- 
tween the  crista  and  the  upper  curved  line,  to  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  coccyx,  and  great 
sacro-sciatic  ligament;  and  below,  it  terminates 
by  a  broad  aponeurosis,  which  is  inserted  into 
the  rugged  surface  that  descends  from  the  tro- 
chanter major  to  the  linea  aspera  of  the  femur. 
This  muscle  extends  the  thigh  on  the  pelvis,  and 
rotates  the  thigh  outwards.  It  is  greatly  con- 
cerned in  station  and  progression. 

GluT/E'us  Me'ditts,  Glou'tius  Secun'dus  et  3Ie- 
dius,  (F.)  Ilio-trochanterien  :  Grand  Ilio-trochan- 
terien,  (Ch.,)  Moyen  Fessier,  This  muscle  is  si- 
tuate in  part  beneath  the  preceding;  it  is  broad, 
very  thick,  radiated,  and  triangular;  attached, 
above,  to  the  crista  ilii,  and  to  the  part  of  the 
outer  surface  of  that  bone  comprised  between  the 
three  anterior  fourths  of  its  crista,  its  upper 
curved  line,  and  its  lower;  and  below,  it  ends  by 
a  tendon,  inserted  at  the  upper  edge  of  the  great 
trochanter.  It  is  an  abductor  of  the  thigh;  but 
can  turn  the  thigh  outwards  or  inwards,  accord- 
ing as  its  posterior  or  inferior  fibres  are  thrown 
separately  into  contraction. 

Glut.e'us  Min'ijius,  G.  minor,  Ter'tius  et 
In'timus  Glou'tius,  (F.)  Petit  Fessier; — Ilio- 
ischii-trochantericn,  Petit  Ilio-trochanterien  (Ch.) 


GLUTEAL 


428 


GNATHITIS 


This  muscle,  which  is  situate  beneath  the  preced- 
ing, is  flat,  triangular,  and  with  radiated  fibres. 
It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  external  surface  of 
the  OS  ilii,  from  the  inferior  curved  line  to  the 
acetabulum  ;  and,  below,  is  inserted  into  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  great  trochanter.  It  has  the 
same  uses  as  the  preceding. 
Gluteus  Minor,  G.  minimus. 
GLU'TEAL,  Glou'lius,  Glutcp.'us.  Same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Fessier.  That  which  belongs  or  re- 
lates to  the  nates.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
many  parts  which  compose  the  nates. 

Gluteal  Aponeuro'sis.  The  upper  and  back 
part  of  the  femoral  fascia.  In  it  is  a  remarkable 
opening,  called  the  gluteal  arch,  for  the  passage 
of  the  gluteal  vessels  and  nerves. 

Gluteal  Arch,  see  Gluteal  aponeurosis. 

GuTTEAL  Artery,  Poste'rior  Il'iac  Artery, 
(F.)  Arth-e  fessiere,  is  one  of  the  largest  branches 
of  the  hypogastric.  It  makes  its  exit  from  the 
pelvis  at  the  upper  part  of  the  superior  sciatic 
foramen  ;  gains  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis, 
and  divides  into  two  branches  ;  —  the  one  super- 
ficial, the  other  deep-seated.  The  last  subdivides 
into  three  secondary  branches,  whose  ramifica- 
tions are  distributed  particularly  to  the  Ghitasi, 
Lonyiasiimis  Dorsi,  Sacro-lumhalis,  &c.,  and  anas- 
tomose with  the  sciatic  and  internal  circumflex 
arteries. 

Gluteal  Xerve,  (F.)  Nerf  Fessier,  is  a  large 
branch,  furnished  by  the  5th  pair  of  lumbar 
nerves.  It  is  chiefly  distributed  to  the  gluta2i 
muscles. 

Gluteal  Vei^,  (F.)  Veine  fessiere,  follows  the 
same  march  as  the  artery  of  the  same  name. 

GLUTEX,  Glu'tiinim,  Lentor,  'glue,  paste.' 
Veg"etablc  Gluten,  Veg"etable  Ca'seln.  An  im- 
mediate principle  of  vegetables.  It  is  soft,  of  a 
grayish  white,  viscid  consistence,  and  very  elastic. 
Exposed  to  the  air,  it  becomes  hard,  brown,  and 
fragile;  and,  in  moist  air,  putrefies.  AVater  and 
alcohol  do  not  dissolve  it.  It  is  soluble  in  vege- 
table, and  in  weak  mineral,  acids,  at  a  high  tem- 
perature. The  farinas,  in  which  it  is  found,  are 
those  preferred  for  the  preparation  of  bread;  on 
account  of  the  property  it  has  of  making  the 
paste  rise.  It  is  a  compound  of  protein,  and 
hence  has  been  ranged  amongst  the  " proteina- 
ceous  alimentary  principles"  by  Dr.  Pereira.  By 
washing  wheaten  dough  with  a  stream  of  water, 
the  gum,  sugar,  starch  and  vegetable  albumen 
are  removed:  the  ductile,  tenacious,  elastic,  gray 
mass  left  is  the  gluten,  common  gluten,  Bccearia's 
gluten.  Pure  gluten  is  the  soluble  portion  on 
boiling  common  gluten  in  alcohol.  Granulated 
gluten,  Gluten  granule,  is  a  paste  made  by  adding 
wheat  gluten  to  ordinary  wheat.  It  is  said  to 
form  an  agreeable  and  nutritious  aliment. 

Gluten  Articuloruii,  Synovia — g.  Beccaria's, 
see  Gluten  —  g.  Bread,  see  Bread,  gluten  —  g. 
Common,  see  Gluten — g.  Granulated,  see  Gluten 
— g.  Granule,  see  Gluten — g.  Pure,  see  Gluten. 

GLUTI,  Nates. 

GLUTIA,  Nates,  Quadrigemina  corpora. 

GLUTIN,  see  Gelatin. 

GLTJTINANS,  Agglutinant. 

GLUTINATIF,  Agglutinant. 

GLUTINATIO,  Agglutination. 

GLUTINEUX,  Glutinous. 

GLU'TINOUS,  Glutino'sus,  Collo'des,  from 
gluten,  'paste,  glue.'  (F.)  Glutineux,  Gluant. 
An  epithet  given  to  substances  taken  from  the 
animal  or  vegetable  kingdom,  and  endowed  with 
unusual  viscidity.  The  decoctions  of  marsh- 
mallows,  and  figs,  and  the  jelly  of  hartshorn,  are 
eaid  to  be  glutinous. 

GLUTINUM,  Gluten. 

GLUTI'TIS,   from   y\ovToi,  'the   nates,'   and 


itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
nates. 

GLUTOI.  Nates. 

GLUTOPYO'SIS,  from  yXovroi,  '  the  nates,'  and 
TTtiuiffif,  '  suppuration.'     Suppuration  of  the  nates. 

GLUTTON,  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Oas- 
trimar'gns,  Gnathon,  JJel'luo,  3fando,  Gulo'sus, 
Lurco,  Bellygod,  (F.)  Glouton,  Gourmand,  Goulou. 
An  excessive  eater. 

GLUT'TONY,  from  glutio,  '1  swallow,'  gluttus, 
'the  gullet.'  Limo'sis  Hellno'num,  Gastris'mus, 
(F.)  Gourmandise.  Excessive  appetite,  owing 
often  to  habitual  indulgence. 

GLUTTUPATENS,  Stomach. 

GLUTTUS,  (Esophagus. 

GLUTUS,  Trochanter  major. 

GLYCANSIS,  Edulcoration. 

GLYCAS'MA,  from  yAu/cu;,  'sweet.'  A  sweet 
wine,  prepared  from  must. — Linden. 

GLYCERATON,  Glycyrrhiza. 

GLYCERIN,  see  Fat  — g.  Butyrate  of,  seo 
Butter. 

GLYCIPICROS,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

GLYCISIDE,  Pajonia. 

GLYCOG"ENY,  Glycogen'ia,  Glycogen' esis, 
Glucogen'ia,  Glucogen'esis,  (F. )  Glycogenic,  from 
yXufcus,  'sweet,'  and  yivtan,  'generation.'  Gene- 
ration or  formatioii  of  sugar,  —  as  in  the  liver. 

GLYCOSE.  Glucose. 

GLYCYPHYTON,  Glycyrrhiza. 

GLYCYRRHI'ZA,  from  yXvKv?,  'sweet,'  and 
pi^a,  'a  root.'  G.  Glabra  seu  Lcevis,  Liquorit"ia 
Scyth'ica,  Glycera'ton,  Glycyph'yton,  Adip'sos, 
Alcacas,  Al'imos,  Liq'uorice,  Lic'orice,  (F.)  Re- 
glisse,  Bois  doux.  Ord.  Leguminosse.  Sex.  Syst. 
DiadelphiaDccandria.  The  root  of  this  southern 
European  plant  is  inodorous  ;  has  a  sweet  taste ; 
is  mucilaginous;  and  leaves,  when  unpeeled,  a 
degree  of  bitterness  in  the  mouth.  It  is  used  aa 
a  demulcent,  and  chiefly  in  catarrh.  The  extract, 
made  from  it  and  sold  in  the  shops,  is  known 
under  the  name  tSpanish  Liquorice  or  Liquorice 
Juice,  (F.)  ./us  de  Reglisse. 

Pectoral  Balsam  of  Liquorice — a  quack  prepa- 
ration—  is  said  by  Dr.  Paris  to  consist  chiefly  of 
Paregoric  Elixir,  strongly  impregnated  with  Oil 
of  Aniseed. 

GLYCYRRHGE'A,  from  yXvKvg,  'sweet,'  and 
ptiii,  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  saccharine  fluid 
from  the  system. 

Glycv'rrhcea  Urinosa,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

CLYSTER  HERBS,  Eerba  pro  Enem'ate. 
The  herbs  ordinarily  sold  by  the  English  apothe- 
cary under  this  title,  are: — -mallow  leaves,  one 
part;  chamomile  flowers,  one  part.  (5iss  to  Oj 
of  water). 

GNAMPSIS,  Curvature. 

GNAPHALIUM  DIOICUM,  Antennaria  dioi- 
ca — g.  Plantaginifolium  seu  Plan tagineum,  Anten- 
naria plantaginifolia. 

Gnaphalium  Margarita'ceum,  Antenna'ria 
Margarita' cea.  Cudweed,  Pearly  Life  everlasting, 
from  yvaipaXov,  'a  lock  of  wool,'  owing  to  the 
floccose  down  of  the  leaves.  An  indigenous  plant, 
growing  in  woods  and  fields,  and  flowering  in  Au- 
gust. Its  virtues  are  not  defined,  and  the  same 
may  be  said  of 

Gnaphalium  Poltceph'alum  ;  Sweet-scented 
Life  everlasting,  Catfoot.  They  appear  to  be 
mild  astringents. 

GNATHALGIA,  Neuralgia  maxillaris. 

GNATHANCYLO'SIS,  from  yvado;,  'the  jaw,' 
and  aj/KuXutrif,  'stiffness  of  joint.'  Ancylosis  of 
the  lower  jaw. 

GNATHANTROPOL'YPUS,  from  gnathan- 
trum,  'the  antrum  of  Highmore,'  and  polypus. 
Polypus  of  the  antrum  of  Highmore. 

GNATHI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  gencB,  from  yvaOo;, 


GNATHMUS 


429 


GOLD 


'the  cheek,  the  jaw.'    Inflammation  of  the  cheek 
or  upper  jaw. 

GNATHMUS,  Gnatbus. 

GNATHOCEPH'ALUS,  from  yvados,  'the  jaw,' 
and  Kt(j>a\n,  '  head.'  A  monster  which  has  no  head 
visible  externally,  but  exhibits  voluminous  jaws. 
— G.  St.  Hilaire. 

GNATHOCYNANCHE,  Cynanche  parotidsea. 
GNATHON,  Glutton. 

GNATHONEURALGIA,  Neuralgia  maxil- 
laris. 

GNATH'OPLASTT,  Gnathoplas'tice,  from 
yvados,  'cheek,'  and  ffXaorncoc,  'formative.'  The 
formation  of  an  artificial  cheek. 

GNATHOPLE'GIA,  Gnathoparal'ysis,  from 
yvadoi,  and  vXriyrj,  'a  stroke.'  Paralysis  of  the 
cheek.  Gnathoj^aralt/sis  is  employed  by  Fuehs 
to  signify  paralysis  of  the  lesser  portion  of  the 
trifacial  nerve,  which  supplies  the  muscles  of 
mastication. 

GNATHORE,HAG"IA,  from  yvado;,  and  'pny- 
vvfit,  'to  burst  forth.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  in- 
ternal surface  of  the  cheeks. 
:       GNATHOSPASMUS,  Trismus. 

GNATHUS,   GnafJimns,  tvom  Kvacd,   'I  scrape, 

rub.'     The  cheek,  the  jaw.     Also,  the  part  of  the 

jaws  in  which  the  teeth  are  fixed. — Hippocrates, 

Foesius.     See  Bucca,  Gena,  and  Maxillary  Bone. 

GNESTOS,  Legitimate. 

GNOME,  Intellect. 

GNOSIS,    yvmaig,    'knowledge.'      A    common 
suffix,  as  in  Dia-gno'isis.  Vrogno'sis,  &o. 
GOACONAX,  see  Toluifera  balsamum. 
GOADBY'S    SOLUTION,    see    Solution, 
Goadby's. 

GOATS'  BEARD,  COMMON,  Tragopogon. 
GOATS' MILK,    see    Milk,    goats'  — g.  Milk, 
artificial,  see  Milk,  goats' — g.  Thorn,  Astragalus 
verus. 

GOB,  Mouth.  ,      ^ 

GOBELET  EMETIQUE,  Goblet,  emetic. 
GOBLET,  EMET'IC,  Poc'vlum  emet'icum,  Ca- 
lix  vomito'rin,  (F.)  Gobelet  emetique.  A  vessel, 
made  by  pouring  melted  antimony  into  a  mould. 
By  putting  wine  into  this  and  allowing  it  to  stand 
some  time,  it  acquires  the  property  of  producing 
vomiting.  This  kind  of  emetic  has  been  long 
rejected,  as  the  practitioner  could  never  be  certain 
of  the  dose  he  exhibited. 

GODESBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  at  Godesberg,  a  German  mile  from 
Bonn,  are  an  efficacious,  acidulous  chalybeate, 
formerly  known  by  the  name,  Draitsch  Water. 
They  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of 
soda,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia, 
and  carbonate  of  iron. 

GODFREY'S  COR'DIAL.  A  celebrated  nos- 
trum, for  which  Dr.  Paris  has  given  the  following 
formula.  Infuse  §ix  of  sassafras  and  of  the  .seeds 
of  carraioay,  coriander,  and  anise,  each  ^^j,  in 
six  pints  of  icafer.  Simmer  the  mixture  until  re- 
duced to  tbiv:  then  add  Ibvj  of  treacle,  and  boil 
the  whole  for  a  few  minutes.  When  cold,  add 
^^iij  of  tincture  of  opium.  The  following  form  is 
recommended  by  a  committee  of  the  Philadelphia 
college  of  Pharmacy.  Tinct.  Opii,Oiss;  Synqn 
Nigri,  Oxvj  ;  Alcoholis,  Oij  ;  Aquce,  Oxxvj  ;  Cnr- 
honatis  Potassm,  ^ijss  :  Olei  Sassafras,  i^\s',  M. 
It  is  anodyne.    , 

GODR'ONNE,  (Canal,)  Cana'lis  Petitia'nus 
seu  Peti'ti,  Gouronne  ciliaire,  Canal  de  Pktit  ou 
goudronne.  Canal  or  Bul'lular  Canal  of  Petit. 
Petit  gave  this  name  (from  F,)  godron,  'a  plait 
or  fold.')  to  the  semicircular  canal,  formed 
by  the  tunica  hyaloidea  around  the  edge  of  the 
crystalline  ;  because  it  appears,  as  it  were,  plaited 
or  festooned. 

GOGGLE-EYED,  (Prov.)  Grozet-eyed.  Hav- 
ing prominent,  staring  and  rolling  eyes. 


GOITRE,  Bronchocele  — g.  Leaf,  sec  Lami- 
naria. 

GOITRE  STICKS.  In  South  America  the 
stems  of  a  seaweed  are  so  called,  because  they 
are  chewed  by  the  inhabitants  where  goitre  pre- 
vails.— Royle. 

GOIT'ROUS,  (F.)  Goitrenx.  Relating  or  ap- 
pertaining to  goitre.  One  affected  by  goitre  or 
Bron  ch  ocele, — Goitred. 

GOLD,  Aa'rum,  Chrj/sos,  Sol,  Rex  metallo'rvm, 
(F.)  Or.  (Sax.)  solo.  A  solid,  yellow,  very 
brilliant,  hard,  very  ductile,  malleable,  tenacious, 
and  heavy  metal;  found  in  nature,  either  in  its 
native  state,  or  combined  with  a  little  silver,  cop- 
per, or  iron.     S.  g.  19'25. 

3Iuriate  or  Chloride  of  Gold,  Anri  Chlo'ridiim 
seu  Terchlo' ridnm  seu  Ifn'rias  seu  Chlo7-vre'tinn, 
Aiirum  3Inriat'ieum  seu  Chlora' turn  seu  Oxydula'- 
inm  niiiriat'icnm  seu  Sali'tum,  (F.)  Chlornre  ou 
3[uriate  ou  Hydro-chlorate  d'or  has  been  ad- 
mitted into  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  and  into  that  of  Paris,  &c.  The  formulas, 
however,  differ.  That  of  the  United  States  is  a 
muriate  with  two  bases  ;  and  is  prepared,  accord- 
ing to  the  form  of  Dr.  Chrestien,  by  dissolving 
the  gold  in  a  mixture  of  nitric  and  muriatic  acids, 
and  adding  chloride  of  sodium  to  the  residuum 
after  evaporation  ;  then  redissolving  and  evapo- 
rating slowly  to  dryness.  The  Parisian  formula 
for  the  jiftiriate  d'or,  3Iurias  seu  Chlor\ire'tiini 
Anri,  consists  in  simply  dissolving  the  gold  in 
the  acids,  and  evaporating  to  dryness.  It  has 
been  recommended  as  an  antisyphilitio  in  old,  re- 
bellious, venereal  affections,  exostoses,  and  in  ve- 
nereal, scrofulous  or  cancerous  glandular  enlarge- 
ments. Dose,  gr.  l-8th  to  gr.  ss,  rubbed  on  the 
tongue  or  gums.  Internally,  one-sixteenth  of  a 
grain,  in  pills. 

Various  other  preparations,  as  the  Cy'anide  or 
Tercy'anide,  {Anri  Cyan'idnm  seu  Cyannre'tnm 
seu  Tercyan'idum,  (F.)  Cyanure  d'or;)  the  metal- 
lic gold  in  a  state  of  division  {Aurwn  metal'licnm, 
Pulvis  Anri,  (F.)  Or  divise  ou  wetaUiqne,)  ob- 
tained by  amalgamating  gold  with  mercury  and 
driving  the  latter  off  by  heat;  and  in  the  form  of 
filings  {Anriim  lima'tum)  ;  the  Chloride  of  Gold 
and  Sodium,  (Aurum  mitriat'icum  natrona'tum 
seu  muriat'icum  seu  chlora'tum  natro'natum, 
Chlore'tum  Au'riciim.  Chlore'to  na'trii,  Ilu'rias 
Au'rico-na'tricum,  Chlornre' turn  anri  et  natrii, 
So'dii  auro-ierchlo'ridum.  Hydrochlorate  or  muri- 
ate of  Gold  and  Soda,  (F.)  Chlornre  d'or  et  de 
Sodium,  Hydrochlorate  ou  mitriate  d'or  et  de 
Sonde);  the  Nitromnriate  of  Gold,  {Aurum  Nitri- 
co-muriat'icum,  Anri  nitromti'rias,  (F.)  Nitromii- 
riate  d'or ;)  the  Oxide  of  Gold,  {Anri  Ox'idum, 
Aurnm  Oxida' turn,  Anri  terox'idum,  Perox'ide  of 
gold,  Auric  acid,  (F.)  Oxide  d'or)  ;  and  the  Io- 
dide of  Gold,  {Auri  lo'didum  seu  lodnre'tnm,  (F.) 
lodnre  d'or,)  have  been  employed  in  the  like 
affections,  and  with  similar  results. 

Gold-Beater's  Skin.  The  intestina  recta  of 
the  ox,  which  have  been  beaten  quite  smooth,  for 
the  manufacture  of  gold  leaf.  Used  as  a  defen- 
sive dressing  for  slight  cuts,  &q. 

Gold,  CHLOniDE  of,  see  Gold — g.  Cyanide  tjf, 
see  Gold — g.  Hydrochlorate  of,  see  Gold — g.  Io- 
dide of,  see  Gold  — g.  Muriate  of,  see  Gold  —  g. 
Nitro-niuriate  of,  see  Gold — g.  Oxide  of,  see  Gold 
— g.  Peroxide  of,  see  Gold — g.  Tercyanide  of.  see 
Gold — g.  and  Sodium,  Chloride  of  oxide  of,  see 
Gold — g.  and  Soda,  hydrochlorate  of,  see  Gold — 
g.  and  Soda,  muriate  of,  see  Gold. 

Gold  Leaf.  Gold  Foil,  Aumm  folia' turn,  Anrum 
in  lihel'lis.  Used  to  gild  pills  and  to  plug  cari- 
ous teeth.  The  gold  leaf  or  foil,  used  by  the 
dentist  for  filling  teeth,  is  much  thicker  than 
ordinary  gold  leaf. 

Gold  Thread,  Coptis. 


GOLDEN    BUG 


430 


GONORRHCEA 


GOLDEN  BUG,  Coccinella  septempunetata  — 
g.  Knop,  Coccinella  septempunetata — g.  Rod, 
Polidago  virgaurea  —  g.  Rod,  fragrant,  Solidago 
odora  —  g.  Rod,  rigid,  Solidago  rigida  —  g.  Rod, 
sweetscented,  Solidago  odora  —  g.  Seal,  see  Ca- 
luiuba,  Hydrastis  Canadensis. 

60LDENS,  Chrysanthemum  leueanthemum. 

GOLDING,  Calendula  officinalis. 

GOLDSHRUB,  Palicourea  speciosa. 

GOLDWASSER,  see  Spirit. 

GOLFE,  Sinus  —  g.  de  la  Veine  jngulaire,  see 
Jugular  veins. 

GOLUNCHA,  Menispermum  cordifolium. 

GOMBO,  Hibiscus  esculentus. 

GOMME,  Gumma,  Gummi — g.  Adragant,Tra.- 
gacanth — g.  Amvioniaque,  Ammoniac  gum  —  g. 
Arahique,  Acaciee  gummi  —  g.  Astringente  de 
Gamble,  see  Butea  frondosa  —  g.  Caragne,  Ca- 
ranna — g.  Oarane,  Caranna  —  g.  Elastique,  Ca- 
outchouc—  g.  de  Ga'inc,  Guaiaeum — g.  de  Gene- 
vrier,  Sandarac — g.  Gettania,  Gutta  Percha — g. 
Giitte,  Cambogia — g.deKino,  Kino — g.Laque,  Lac- 
ca  —  g.de  Lierre,  see  Hedera  helix — g.  du  Pays, 
Gummi  nostras — g.  Seraphiqne,  Sagapenum. 

GOMPHI'ASIS,  Gomphias'mus,  from  yofKpo?, 
'a  nail.'  A  disease  of  the  teeth,  and  particularly 
of  the  molares  ;  looseness  of  the  teeth  in  their 
sockets.  Agomphia'sia.  Pain  in  the  teeth. 
Odontalgia. 

GOMPHIASMUS,  Gomphiasis. 

GOMPHIOL  Molar  teeth. 

GOMPHOCAR'PUS  CRISPUS.  A  South 
African  plant,  the  root  of  which,  formerly  known 
to  the  Dutch  apothecaries  as  Radix  Asclepi'adis 
crispce,  is  extremely  bitter  and  acrid  ;  and,  on 
account  of  its  diuretic  virtues,  a  decoction  or  in- 
fusion of  it  has  been  advised  in  various  kinds  of 
dropsy.  A  tincture  of  it  is  said  to  be  valuable 
in  colic. 

GOMPHOMA,  Gomphosis. 

GOM?HO'SlS,Cardinamen'tiim,Clava'tio,Gom- 
pho'ma,  Coagmenta'tio,  Inclava'tio,  Incunea'tio, 
from yo//0of, 'a nail.'  Engompho'sis.  An  immova- 
ble articulation,  in  which  one  bone  is  received  into 
another,  like  a  nail  or  peg  into  its  hole.  Gom- 
phosis is  only  met  with  in  the  articulations  of  the 
teeth  with  the  alveoli.  It  is,  also,  called  Articu- 
lation par  inplantaiion. 

GOMPHUS,  Clavus. 

GOMUTO  PALM,  see  Toddy. 

GOMUTOS  GOMUTO,  see  Toddy. 

GONACRASIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

GONACRATIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

GON'AGRA,  Gon'yagra,  from  yovv,  'the  knee,' 
and  ayga,  'a.  prey.'  "That  which  attacks  the 
knees."  Gout  or  rheumatism  in  the  knees. 
GongorrTieu'ma.     Paracelsus  calls  it  Gen'ugra. 

GONAL'GIA,  from  yow,  'the  knee,'  and  aXyos, 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  hnee.  Gonyal'gia.  This  is 
almost  always  produced  by  gout.  It  may,  how- 
ever, depend  on  some  other  disease,  either  of  the 
knee  or  of  another  part — particularly  of  the  hip- 
joint. 

GON ARTHRITIS,  from  yow,  'the  knee,' 
apOpov,  'joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  knee-joint. 

GONARTHROCACE,  Gonocace. 

GONAURA,  see  Sperm. 

GOiVDOLE  OCULAIRE,  Scaphium  oculare. 

GONDRET'S  AMMONIACAL  CAUSTIC, 
Pommade  de  Gondret — g.  Counter-irritant,  Pom- 
made  de  Gondret. 

GONE,  Gonos,  Genitu'ra.  The  semen;  (hence, 
gonorrhoea) — the  uterus,  ofFspring. — Hippocrates. 
See  Epigone,  and  Generation. 

GONECYSTIDES,  Vesiculfe  seminales. 

GONECYSTI'TIS,  Injlamma'tio  vesicula'rmn 
semina'liitm,  from  yov?],  'sperm,'  Kvarii,  'bladder,' 


and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  vesTculse  seminales. 

GONEPCEUS,  Spermatopoeus. 

GONEPOETICUS,  Spermatopoeus. 

GONFLEMENT,  Swelling. 

GONGRONA,  Bronchocele. 

GONGROPHTHISIS,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

GONGYLIDIUM,  Pilula. 

GONGYLION,  Pilula. 

GONGYLIS,  Pilula. 

GONIOCATH'ETER,  from  yuwa,  'an  angle,' 
and  KaQsTrip,  'a  catheter.'  An  angular  or  crooked 
catheter. 

GONIOME'LE,  from  yuivia,  'an  angle,'  and 
//(/X;?,  'a  probe.'  An  angular  or  crooked  probe  or 
sound. 

GONIOM'ETER,  Goniom'etrum,  from  yojvia, 
'an  angle,'  and  nerpov,  'a  measure.'  An  instru- 
ment for  measuring  angles. 

A  'Facial  GoNiojrETER'  has  been  invented  by 
Mr.  Turnpenny,  of  Philadelphia,  which  is  well 
adapted  for  measuring  the  facial  angle. 

GONOBOLIA,  Ejaculation,  spermatic. 

GONOCACE,  Gonarfhroc'ace,  from  yovv,  'the 
knee,'  and  kukos,  'evil.'  Tumor  genu  albus. 
White  swelling  of  the  knee.     Hydrarthrus. 

GONOCELE,  Spermatocele. 

GONOI'DES,  from  yovr;,  'sperm,' and  £(^oj,  'ap- 
pearance.' Genitu'ra  siin'ilis.  Similar  to  sperm. 
Sperm'atoid,  Spermato'i'des,  Spermato'des.  A  term 
appropriated  to  any  substance  which  resembles 
sperm. 

GONOL'OBUS  MACROPHYL'LUS,  {yi^via, 
'an  angle,'  and  Xof^og,  'a  pod');  indigenous.  Nat, 
Ord.  AsclepiadaceEe.  The  root  is  cathartic.  It 
is  said  to  furnish  a  juice  with  which  the  Indians 
poison  their  arrows.  [?] 

GONOPOETICUS,  Spermatopoeus. 

GONORRHEE  BAT ARDE,  GonorrhcBH 
spuria. 

GONORRHO-BLEPHARRHCEA,Ophthalmia, 
gonorrhoeal. 

GONORRHO-PROSTATITIS,  see  Prostatitis. 

GONORRHOE'A.  Erroneously  called  from 
yovrj,  'sperm,'  and  pem,  'I  flow,'  because  the  older 
writers  believed  it  to  be  a  flux  of  semen.  Dlen- 
norrhag"ia,  Blennorrhoe'a,  B.  urethra' I  is,  Blen- 
nure'thria,  Phallorrhoe.' a,  3/edorrhce' a,  M.  viri'lis, 
Oatar'rhus  gonorrhoe'a  seu  ure'thrcB,  Urethri'tis, 
Inflamma'tio  ure'thra.  Urethral' gia,  Proflu'vivm 
mitco'sum  ure'throB,  Catarrhus  urethra'lis,  (F.) 
Ecoidement,  Urethrite,  Uretrtte.  An  inflamma- 
tory discharge  of  mucus  from  the  membrane  of 
the  urethra  in  both  sexes;  and  from  that  of  the 
prepuce  in  man,  and  the  vagina  in  woman.  It 
may  be  excited  spontaneously,  or  by  irritants 
applied  directly  to  the  membrane;  but  is  usually 
produced  by  impure  connexion.  Two  great  va- 
rieties have  been  generally  reckoned. — 1.  Gonor- 
RHCEA  PuRA  SEU  Benig'na.  That  which  does 
not  follow  an  impure  connexion;  (F.)  Echanffe- 
ment,  Blennorrhag"ia  benigna,  Caulorrhos'a 
benig'na,  Oatar'rhus  Ure'thra,  Gonorrhoe'a  ca- 
tarrha'lis  seu  non  eontagio'sa:  —  and,  2.  GoNOR- 
RHCEA  Imptj'ra,  malig'na,  eontagio'sa,  syphilitica, 
et  virulen'ta ;  Fluor  albus  malig'nus,  Fluxus  ve- 
ne'reus,  Bleniiorrhoe'a  luo'des,  Baptorrhoe'a, 
Myxio'sis,  Lues  gonorrho'ica,  Scroph'ulm  gonor- 
rho'ica,  Tuber'cula  gonorrho'ica.  Clap,  (Old  E.) 
Chawdjiye,  (F.)  Chaudepisse ;  that  which  is  the 
result  of  impure  commerce.  The  French,  also, 
distinguish  the  Chaudepisse  seche,  or  that  unac- 
companied with  discharge;  and  the  Chaudepisse 
chordee,  Gonnorrhce'a  corda'ta,  or  that  accompa- 
nied with  chordee,  and  which,  of  course,  occurs 
only  in  the  male.  It  is  the  kind  that  most  fre- 
quently engages  the  attention  of  the  practitioner, 
and  is  characterized  by  mucous  discharge  from 


GONOS 


431 


GOSSYPIUM 


the  urethra  or  vagina,  intermixed  with  specific 
matter,  and  accompanied  with  burning  pain  on 
micturition.  It  is  decidedly  infectious.  It  is, 
however,  a  distinct  disease  from  syphilis,  and 
never  produces  it.  Its  duration  is  various,  but 
the  inflammatory  symptoms  usually  subside  in 
four  or  five  weeks ;  leaving  generally  behind 
more  or  less  of  the  gonorrhcea  mucosa  or  gleet. 
Gonorrhoea  of  every  kind,  attended  with  any 
inflammatory  symptoms,  is  best  treated  by  the 
antiphlogistic,  regimen;  avoiding  every  kind  of 
irritation,  and  keeping  the  body  cool  by  small 
doses  of  salts,  and  the  urine  diluted  by  the  mild- 
est fluids.  After  the  inflammatory  symptoms 
have  subsided,  cubebs,  or  the  balsam  of  copaiba, 
exhibited  in  the  dose  of  a  teaspoonful,  three  times 
a  day,  will  be  found  efi'ectual :  indeed,  during  the 
existence  of  the  inflammatory  symptoms,  it  often 
affords  decided  relief.  Injections  are  rarely  re- 
quired. 

Sometimes,  gonorrhoea  affects  the  glans;  when 
it  is  called  Gonorrhaa  Spu'ria  seu  Bal'ani,  Ba- 
lanohlennorrhve'  a,  Balannorrhce'  a,  Balani'  tis; 
Blennorrliag"ia  spu'ria  seu  nothn,  (F.)  Blennor- 
rliagie  du  gland,  Gonovrhee  hdtarde,  Fausse  Blen- 
nnrrkagi'e.  It  requires  only  cleanliness  and  cool- 
ing lotions.  This  is  the  simple  form  of  balanitis. 
It  may,  however,  be  of  the  impure  kind — Bala- 
norrhag"in,  (F.)  Balanite  contagieuse. 

Some  other  varieties  of  gonorrhoea  have  been 
enumerated,  but  they  are  of  little  moment. 

In  consequence  of  repeated  attacks  of  gonor- 
rhoea, or  of  the  debility  induced  by  a  single  at- 
tack, it  not  unfrequently  happens,  as  already  re- 
marked, that  a  constant,  small  discharge  occurs, 
or  remains  behind,  after  all  danger  of  infection 
is  removed.  The  great  difi'erence  between  it  and 
gonorrhoea  is,  that  it  is  uninfectious.  The  dis- 
charge consists  of  globular  particles,  contained 
in  a  slimy  mucus,  and  is  generally  devoid  of  that 
yellow  colour  which  characterizes  the  discharge 
of  gonorrhoea  virulenta.  It  is  unattended  with 
pain,  scalding,  &c.  To  this  state  the  names 
Gleet,  Gonorrhce' a  muco'sa,  Blennorrhce' a  chron'- 
ica,  Blennorrhce'a,  &c.,  have  been  given.  It  is 
commonly  a  disease  of  some  duration,  and  de- 
mands the  use  of  the  copaiba,  astringent  injection  ; 
and,  if  obstinate,  the  introduction  of  the  bougie. 
GoNORRncEA  Balani,  G.  spuria  —  g.  Benigna, 
Leucorrhoea — g.  Catarrhalis,  see  Gonorrhoea — g. 
Chordata,  Chordee  —  g.  Contagiosa,  see  Gonor- 
rhoea. 

Gonorrhcea  Dormien'tium,  G.  Oneirog'onos. 
The  seminal  discharge  which  occurs  during  sleep, 
and  is  occasioned  by  libidinous  dreams.  See  Pol- 
lution. 

Gonorrhcea  Ihptjra,  see  Gonorrhoea. 
Gonorrhcea  Laxc'ruji,   G.  libidino'firt,  Sper- 
matorrhoe'a  aton'ica,  consists  of  a  pellucid  dis- 
charge from  the  urethra,  whilst  awake,  without 
erection  of  the  penis,  but  with  venereal  thoughts. 
Gonorrhcea  Laxorum,  Pollution,  G.  libidinosa 
• — g.  Maligna,  see  Gonorrhoea — g.  Mucosa  (gleet), 
see  Gonorrhoea — g.  Noncontagiosa,  G.  pura — g. 
Notha  inveterata,  Leucorrhoea — g.  Oneirogonos, 
G.  dormientium.  Pollution — g.   Spuria,   see  Go- 
norrhoea—  g.    Syphilitica,    see    Gonorrhoea  —  g. 
Vera,  Pollution,  Spermatorrhoea  —  g.  Virulenta, 
see  Gonorrhcea. 
GONOS,  Gone. 

GONOSTROMA,  Proligerous  disc. 
GONOZEMIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 
GONY,  yovv,  Genu,  'the  knee;'  hence: 
GONYAGRA,  Gonagra. 
GONYALGIA,  Gonalgia. 

GONYAN'CON,  Gonycamp'sig,  from  yovv,  'the 
knee,'  and  ayKwv,  'a  curvature.'    A  curvature  or 
bending  of  the  knee.     A  bent  knee. 
GONYCAMPSIS,  Gonyancon. 


GONYG'ROTUS,  from  yo.r,  'the  knee,'  an.] 
(cportd),  'I  strike.'  One  who  is  knock-kneed,  or 
in-kneed.     See  Entogonj'ancon. 

GONYON'CUS,    from    yovv,    'the    knee,'   and 
oyxn;,  'a  tumour.'     A  swelling  of  the  knee. 
GONYORRIIEUMA.  Gonagra. 
GOOD  KING  HENRY,  Chenopodium  bonus 
Henricus. 

GOODYE'RA  PUBES'CENS,  Tus.m'ca  reti- 
ciila'ta,  Satyr' ium,  Neott'ia,  liatl.lesnake  leaf, 
Eattlesnahe  Plantain,  Networt,  Netleaf,  Scrofula 
loeed,  Cancer  toeed.  ,  Ovd.  Orchidaceee.  An  in- 
digenous plant,  used  empirically  in  scrofula — the 
fresh  leaves  being  applied  to  the  sores.  It  is 
employed  by  the  Indians. 

GOOSEBERRY,  Ribes  uva  erispa. 
GOOSEFOOT,    Chenopodium   anthelmintieum 
— g.  Angular-leaved,  Chenopodium  bonus  Hen- 
ricus— g.  Mercurj',  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus 
— g.  Stinking,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

GOOSEGRASS,  Galium  aparine,  G.  verum. 
GOOSESHARE,  Galium  aparine. 
GOOSESKIN,  Horrida  cutis. 
GORBELLY,  Physconia. 
GORDIUS  MEDINENSIS,  Dracunculus. 
GORGE,    Ingluvies,     Pharynx,    Throat  — </. 
Grouse,  Bronchocele — g.  Mai  de,  Cynanche. 

GORGERET,  Gorget  —  ^.  Llthotome,  Gorget, 
lithotomv — g.  d  Reponssoir,  see  Gorget. 

GORGET,  from  (F.)  gorge,  'the  throat.'  Ca- 
na'lis  canalicula'tus,  Ductor  canalicnla'tiis,  (F.) 
Gorgeret.  An  instrument  representing  a  long 
gutter,  in  the  shape  of  a  throat,  which  is  espe- 
cially employed  in  the  operations  of  lithotomy 
and  fistula  in  ano. 

Gorget,  Cutting,  see  Gorget,  and  Lithotomy. 
Gorget,  Lithot'omy,  (F.)  Gorgeret  Lithotome, 
Cutting  Gorget,  is  the  one  used  in  the  operation 
for  the  stone,  for  the  purpose  of  dividing  the 
prostate  and  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  so  as  to 
enable  the  surgeon  to  introduce  the  forceps  and 
extract  the  stone.  At  the  end  of  this  gorget  is  a 
crest  or  beak,  which  fits  the  groove  of  the  staff, 
and  admits  of  the  gorget  being  passed  along  it 
into  the  bladder.  Besides  cutting,  there  are  also 
hlunt  gorgets,  intended  to  be  introduced  into  the 
wound  —  their  concavity  serving  as  a  guide  for 
the  forceps  into  the  bladder. 

The  chief  modifications  in  the  gorget  have  been 
made  by  Andouillet,  Bell,  Blicke,  Bromfield,  Cline, 
Pesault,  Foubert,  Hawkins,  Larrey,  Lefevre,  Mi- 
chaelis,  Thomas,  <fec. 

Gorget  for  Fistula  in  And  consists  of  a 
semi-cylindrical  wooden  staff,  four  inches  long, 
without  including  the  handle,  and  furnished  with 
a  wide  groove.  This  is  introduced  into  the  rec- 
tum, to  prevent  the  point  of  the  bistoury  from 
injuring  the  intestine,  when  the  internal  orifice 
of  the  fistula  is  deeply  situate,  and  it  is  desirable 
to  ptrfonn  the  operation  by  incision.  This  in- 
strument, invented  by  Marchettis,  has  been  mo- 
dified by  Percy,  Runge,  &o. 

Desault  invented  an  instrument  for  conducting 
the  wire  by  the  anus,  in  the  operation  for  fistula 
by  ligature.     He  called  it  Gorgeret  d,  reponssoir. 

GORGO'NEI  PONTES.     Fountains  described 
by  Libavius  as  containing  water  which  possessed 
a  petrifying  property;   probably,  water  holding 
in  solution  supercarbonate  of  lime. 
GORGOSSET,  Pyrosis. 
GOSIER,  Pharynx,  Throat. 
GOSSUM,  Bronchocele. 

GOSSYP'IUM,  Gossijp'ium  Herha'ceum,  Gos- 
sip'ion  Xylon,  Xylum,  Bombax,  Cotton,  (F.)  Co- 
ton.  Family,  Malvaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Monadel- 
phia  Polyandria.  The  seeds  of  the  Cotton  Tree, 
Gossip'ium  arbor'enm,  have  been  administered  in 
coughs,  on  account  of  the  mucilage  they  contain, 
and  a  decoction  of  a  pint  of  the  seeds  to  a  quart 


GOTCHBELLY 


432 


GRACILIS 


,»f  icater  has  been  given,  in  the  Southern  States, 
in  intermittents.  A  decoction  of  the  root  has 
been  prescribed  as  an  emmenagogue  and  parturi- 
facient. The  cotton  wool  is  used  in  medicine  for 
mrtking  inoxas,  <fec.,  and  is  applied  in  the  treat- 
ment of  recent  burns  and  scalds. 

GOTCHBELLY,  Physconia. 

GOTIUM,  Bronchocele. 

GOUDRON,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

GOUET,  Arum  maculatum. 

GOVETRE,  Bronchocele. 

GOULARD'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion,  Goulard's. 

Goulard  Water,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 
dilutus. 

GOULU,  Glutton. 

GOIIND  OF  THE  EYE,  Chassie. 

GOTTRD,  Cucurbita — g.  Bitter,  Cueumis  colo- 
cynthis — g.  Bottle,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

Gourd  Worm,  Distoma  hepaticum. 

GOURMANDISE,  Gluttony. 

GOURME,    Porrigo    larvalis.      Vulgarly,    in 
France,  any  cutaneous  eruption. 

GOUSSE,  Legumen. 

GOUT,  Arthri'tis,  Arth'ragra,  Arthral'gia, 
Morbus  domino'riim  seu  articula'ris,  Ilalum  arti- 
culo'riim,  Gutta,  Arthro'sia  Pod'agra,  PodaVgia, 
Pod'agra,  Arthrit'icus  verus,  Arthri'tis  Podngrn, 
Podagra  Arthri'tis,  Flux'io  arthrit'ica,  Febris 
arthrit'iea  seu  Podag'rica,  Arthrodyn'ia  pndag'- 
rica,  Caiima  podag'ricum,  F/erecin,  Gastro- 
arthri'tis,  llisopto'chos,  (Sc.)  Gat,  (F.)  Goittte, 
Agrie. — Piorry.  The  gout  was  formerly  regarded 
as  a  catarrh,  and  received  its  name  from  (F.) 
goittte,  (L.)  gutta,  'a  drop;'  because  it  was  be- 
lieved to  be  produced  by  a  liquid,  which  distilled, 
goutte  d  goutte,  'drop  by  drop,'  on  the  diseased 
part.  This  name,  which  seems  to  have  been  first 
used  about  the  year  1270,  has  been  admitted  into 
the  different  languages  of  Europe.  Gout  is  an 
inflammation  of  the  fibrous  and  ligamentous  parts 
of  the  joints.  It  almost  always  attacks,  first,  the 
great  toe;  whence  it  passes  to  the  other  smaller 
joints,  after  having  produced,  or  been  attended 
with,  various  sj'mpathetic  phenomena,  particularly 
in  the  digestive  organs :  after  this,  it  may  attack 
the  greater  articulations.  It  is  an  atfection  which 
is  extremely  fugitive,  and  variable  in  its  recur- 
rence. It  may  be  acquired  or  hereditary.  In 
the  former  case,  it  rarely  appears  before  the  age 
of  thirty-five;  in  the  latter,  it  is  frequently  ob- 
served earlier.  It  is  often  difiBcu-lt  to  distinguish 
it  from  rheumatism.  A  combination  is,  indeed, 
supposed  to  exist  sometimes;  hence  called  Rheu- 
matic gout.  During  the  paroxysm  or  fit,  a  burn- 
ing, lancinating  pain  is  experienced  in  the  affected 
joint,  attended  with  tumefaction,  tension,  and 
redness.  One  or  more  joints  may  be  attacked, 
either  at  the  same  time  or  in  succession;  and,  in 
either  case,  the  attack  terminates  by  resolution 
in  a  few  days.  This  is  the  Arthri'tis  acu'ta  seu 
infiammato' ria  seu  regiila'ris,  Regular  gout,  Arth- 
ro'sia pod'agra  regula'ris,  Arth'ragra  legit'ima 
seu  vera  seu  genui'na  seu  nornia'lis,  (F.)  Goutte 
reguliere  chaude.  At  other  times,  pains  in  the 
joints  exist,  of  more  or  less  acute  character;  the 
swelling  being  without  redness.  These  pains 
persist,  augment,  and  diminish  irregularly,  with- 
out exhibiting  intermission,  and,  consequently, 
without  having  distinct  paroxysms.  The  disease 
is  then  called  aton'ic,  asthen'ic,  imjyerfect  or  ir- 
regular gout,  Chronic  G.,  Arthri'tis  aton'ica  seu 
asthen'ica,  Arthro'sia  Podagra  larva'ta,  Dysar- 
thri'tis.  It  is,  also,  commonly  called  in  France 
Goutte  froide,  Goutte  blanche.  It  may  appear 
primarily,  or  succeed  attacks  of  regular  gout. 

Giiut  does  not  always  confine  itself  to  the  joints. 
It  may  attack  the  internal  organs:  when  it  is 
called  Arthritis  aber'rans  seu  errat'ica  seu  pla- 
net'icu,  Arth'ragra  anom'ala,  Pod'agra  aber'rans, 


Vare'ni,  Wandering,  misplaced,  or  anomalous  gout, 
(F.)  Goutte  vague. 

Ret' rograde  gout.  Arthritis  retrog'rada.  Poda- 
gra retrog'rada,  Arthro'sia  Podagra  cowplica'ta, 
Rece'dent  or  mispla'ced  gout,  (F.)  Goutte  remontee, 
G.  vialplacee,  G.  rentree,  is  when  it  leaves  the 
joints  suddenly  and  attacks  some  internal  organ, 
as  the  stomach,  intestines,  lungs,  brain,  &c. 

Gout  is  also  called,  according  to  the  part  it 
may  aifect.  Podagra,  Gonagra,  Chiragra,  &c. 
It  may  be  acute  or  chronic,  and  may  give  rise  to 
concretions,  which  are  chiefly  composed  of  urate 
of  soda.  See  Calculus,  (arthritic.)  It  may,  also, 
give  occasion  to  nodosities,  when  it  is  called  Ar- 
thritis nodo'sa,  (F.)  Goutte  nouec. 

The  treatment  is  of  the  antiphlogistic  kind, 
and  the  local  disorder  should  be  but  little  inter- 
fered with.  Colchicum  seems  to  have  great  power 
over  the  disease.  It  forms  the  basis  of  the  Eau 
medicinale  d'Husson,  a  celebrated  French  gout- 
remedy.  The  bowels  must  be  kept  regular  by 
rhubarb  and  magnesia ;  and  a  recurrence  of  the 
■disease  be  prevented  by  abstemious  habits. 
Gout,  Diaphragmatic,  Angina  pectoris. 
Gout  Paper,  so  called,  Charta  antiarthrit'ica, 
Charta  antirheiimat'ica,  is  made  by  spreading  a 
very  thin  layer  of  a  mixture  of  an  ethereal  or 
spirituous  extract  of  the  bark  of  mezereon  root, 
with  wax,  spermaceti,  and  oil,  over  the  surface 
of  paper. 

Gout,  Rheumatic,  see  Rheumatism,  acute — g. 
Weed,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 
Gout  Stones,  Calculi,  arthritic. 
GOUT,  Taste. 

GOUTTE,  Gout,  Gutta  — gr.  Blanche,  Gout 
(atonic) — g.  Caduque,  Epilepsy — g.  Froide,  Gout 
(atonic)  —  g.  Malplacee,  Gout  (retrograde)  —  g. 
JVouee,  Gout  (with  nodosities) — g.  Reguliere 
chaude.  Gout  (regular) — g.  Remontee,  Gout  (re- 
trograde)— g.  Rentree,  Gout  (retrograde) — g.  Rose, 
Gutta  rosea— jr.  Sciatique,  Neuralgia  femoro-pop- 
litsea  — jr.  Sereine,  Amaurosis  —  g.  Vague,  Gout 
(wandering.) 

GOUTTEUX,  Arthritic,  Podagric. 
GOUTTIERE  (F.),  Collic"ia.  A  gutter  in  a 
bone,  like  that  used  for  carrying  off  rain.  Some 
of  these  cavities  are  intended  to  facilitate  the 
sliding  of  tendons,  such  as  the  Gouttiere  Bicipi- 
tale  or  Bicip'ital  groove.  Others,  as  the  Gout- 
tiere sagittate  or  Sagittal  groove,  lodge  blood- 
vessels and  especially  veins.  Others,  again,  are 
merely  intended  for  the  support  of  certain  organs  ; 
as  the  Gouttiere  basilaire  or  Bas'ilary  fossa,  which 
supports  the  medulla  oblongata. 

GOUTTIERE  BASILAIRE,  see  Gouttiire— 
g.  Bicipitale,  Bicipital  groove  —  g.  Lacrymale, 
Lachrymal  groove  —  g.  Sacre,  Sacral  groove  — 
g.  Sagittate,  see  Gouttiere. 

GOUTY,  Arthritic,  Podagric — g.  Rheumatism, 
see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

GOUVERNAIL  BU  TESTICULE,  Guber- 
naculum  testis. 

GOWAN,  EWE,  Bellis  — g.  Yellow,  Ranun- 
culus. 

GOWLAND'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion,  Gow- 
land's. 

GOWN,  RED,  Strophulus— g.  Yellow,  Icterus 
infantum. 

GOWNDE  OF  THE  EYE,  Chassie. 
GRACE-WIFE,  Midwife. 
GRACILARIA  LICHENOIDES,  Fucus  amy- 
laceus. 

GRACILIS,  Macer,  3facilen'tKs.  Slender, 
lean.  Also,  the  slender  Rectus  inte'rior  fem'oria 
seu  Grac"ilis  interior,  (F.)  Sous-pubio-creti-tibial, 
Sous-pubio-pretibial  (Ch.),  Broit  ou  grSle  interne 
de  la  cuisse.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  inside 
of  the   thigh.     It  is   thin    and  very  long;    and 


GRADUATE 


433 


GRAPHITES 


arises  from  the  descending  ramus  of  the  pubis, 
to  be  inserted  at  the  inner  and  inferior  part  of 
the  tuberosity  of  the  tibia.  It  bends  the  leg  and 
causes  adduction  of  the  thigh.     See  Grele. 

Gracilis  Anterior,  Rectus  femoris. 

GRAD'UATE,  Gradua'tns,  from  gradns,  'a. 
step,'  'a  degree.'  In  medicine,  one  who  has  at- 
tained a  degree, — usually,  the  degree  of  doctor. 

GR^A,  YO'^^'^-  The  pellicle  which  forms  on 
milk.  The  folds  of  skin  round  the  umbilicus. 
An  old  woman. 

GRAIN,  Grcmum;  the  60th  part  of  a  Troy, 
and  the  72 d  part  of  a  Poide  de  marc  drachm. 

Grain  Oil,  Oil,  fusel  —  g.  Oily,  Sesamum  ori- 
entale. 

GEAINE  D' ASPIC,  see  Phalaris  Canariensis 
— g.  d'Ecarlate,  Coccus  cacti — g.  Muse,  Hibiscus 
abelmoschus — g.  de  Paradis,  Amomum  granum 
paradisi — g.  de  Perroqitet,  Carthamus  tinctorius 
(seed)  —  g.  de  Sante,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  kinsfi 
kinas — g.  de  Turquie,  Zea  maj's. 

GRAINS,  GUINEA,  see  Pepper,  Malagueta. 

Grains  of  Paradise,  Amomum  granum  Para- 
disi. 

GRAISSE,  Pinguedo  —  g.  de  3Touton,  Sevum 
—  g.  d'Oie,  Adeps  anserina  —  g.  Oxygenee,  Un- 
guentum  acidi  nitrosi  —  g.  de  Pore,  Adeps  prse- 
paratus. 

GRAMEN  ^GTPTIACUM,  G.  Crucis  cype- 
rioidis — g.  Caninum,  Triticum  rcpens. 

Gramen  Crucis  Cyperioi'dis,  Graraen  JEgyp'- 
iiacum,  j3Sgyp'tian  Cock's  foot  grnss.  Ord.  Gra- 
minese.  The  roots  and  plants  possess  the  virtues 
of  the  Triticum  repens,  and  have  been  recom- 
mended in  the  earlier  stages  of  dropsy.  They 
were,  formerly,  considered  to  possess  many  other 
properties. 

Gramen  Dioscoridis,  Triticum  repens — g.  Ma- 
jor, Sarsaparilla  Germanica — g.  Orientale,  Juncus 
odoratus  —  g.  Repens,  Triticum  repens  —  g.  Ru- 
brum,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

GRAMIA.  CHASSIE,  Lippitudo. 

GRAMINIV'0R0US,i5™mn»-i;'oru,9,  from  gm- 
wen,  'grass,'  and  voro,  'I  eat.'  Peeding  or  sub- 
sisting on  grass. 

GRAMMARIUM,  Scruple. 

GRAMME,  ypaufxri.  An  ancient  weight,  equi- 
valent to  the  24th  part  of  an  ounce,  or  to  24 
grains,  or  a  scruple,  avoirdupois.  At  the  present 
day,  the  gramme  is  equal  in  weight  to  a  cubed 
centimetre  of  water;  or  to  IS  grains,  poids  de 
marc — 15.434  grains,  Troy. 

Gramme,  Iris,  Line. 

GRAMMITIS  AUREA,  Asplenium  ceterach— 
g.  Ceterach,  Asplenium  ceterach. 

GRANA,  Ilemicrania — g.  Guineensia,  Pepper, 
malagueta — g.  Molucca,  Croton  tiglium — g.  Mos- 
chi.  Hibiscus  abelmoschus — g.  Orientis,  see  Me- 
nispermum  cocculus — g.  Paradisi,  Amomum  gra- 
num Paradisi  —  g.  Tiglii  seu  Tiglia,  see  Croton 
tiglium— g.  Tilii,  Croton  tiglium— g.  Triticea,  see 
Hyoides  os. 

GRANADILLA,  APPLE-SHAPED,  Passiflo- 
ra  maliformis. 

GRANATI  RADICIS  CORTEX,  see  Punica 
granatum. 

GRAND  DORSAL,  Latissimus  dorsi. 

GRANDEB'AL^.  The  hair  which  grows  in 
the  arm-pits. 

GRANDGORE,  Syphilis. 

GRANDINOSUM  OS,  Cuboid. 

GRANDO,  Chalaza. 

GRANDULA,  Gland. 

GRANIVOROUS,  Graniv'orjcs,  from  granum, 
'a.  grain.'  and  voro,  '1  eat.'  Feeding  or  subsist- 
ing on  grain  or  seeds. 

GRANTRISTUM,  Anthrax. 

6RANULA    SANGUINIS,    Globules   of    the 
blood — g.  Seminis,  see  Sperm. 
28 


GRAX'ULAR,  Gran'ulous,  Granulo'sus,  (F.) 
Granule,  Granuleux,  from  granulum,  'a  small 
grain.'  Composed  of  or  containing  granules  or 
small  particles, — as  'granular  eyelid,'  'membrana 
granulosa,'  &o.,  &c. 

Granular  Degeneration  or  Disorganization 
OF  THE  Kidney,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the 
— g.  Conjunctiva,  Trachoma — g.  Eyelid,  Tracho- 
ma—  g.  Laj-er,  Membrana  granulosa  —  g.  Liver, 
Cirrhosis — g.  Tin,  see  Tin. 

GRANULATED  LIVER,  Cirrhosis. 

GRANULA'TION,  Granula'tio,  from  granum, 
'a,  grain.'  Gemma,  (F.)  Bourgeon,  B.  charnu. 
Granulations  are  the  reddish,  conical,  flesh-like 
shoots,  which  form  at  the  surface  of  suppurating 
wounds  and  ulcers.  They  are  the  product  of  in- 
flammatory excitement,  and  may  be  produced 
in  indolent  ulcers,  by  exciting  the  parts  by  pro- 
per stimulants.  They  form  the  basis  of  the  ci- 
catrix. 

Granulation  is,  likewise,  a  name  given  by 
the  modern  French  physicians  to  an  organic 
lesion,  consisting  in  the  formation  of  small,  round, 
firm,  shining,  semi-transparent  tumours,  of  the 
size  and  shape  of  millet-seed,  or  of  a  pea;  which 
are  met  with  in  the  lungs  particularly,  and  in 
considerable  quantity;  often  without  materially 
interfering  with  their  functions. 

In  pharmacy,  gramdation  is  a  process  by  which 
a  metal  is  reduced  to  fine  grains,  by  melting  it, 
and  causing  it,  whilst  liquid,  to  pass  through  a 
kind  of  sieve  into  a  vessel  of  water,  —  as  in  the 
making  of  shot: — or  by  shaking  or  rubbing  the 
melted  metal  in  an  appropriate  box  or  vessel, — 
as  in  the  formation  of  granular  tin  or  granulated 
zinc. 

GRANULATIONS  CEREBRALES,  Glan- 
dulae  Pacchioni. 

Granula'tions  Mil'iary,  or  Miliary  tu'her- 
cles,  are  the  small,  transparent  grains,  of  varia- 
ble size,  from  that  of  a  millet-seed  to  that  of  a 
grain  of  hemp,  which  are  presumed  to  be  the 
primitive  state  of  tubercles. 

GRAN'ULE,  Gran'ulum;  diminutive  of  ^ra- 
Ji7(?n,  'a  grain.'  A  small  grain  ;  a  small  compact 
particle ;  a  cytoblast. 

Gran'ules  Sem'inal,  Gran'ula  sem'inis.  Mi- 
nute, rounded,  granulated  bodies,  observable  in 
the  semen,  which  are,  in  all  cases,  much  less 
numerous  than  the  spermatozoids.     See  Sperm. 

GRANULEUX,  Granular. 

GRANULOUS,  Granular. 
_  GRANVILLE'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion,  Gran- 
ville's counter-irritant. 

GRAPE,  see  Vitis  vinifera  —  g.  Sea-side,  see 
Kino. 

Grape-Cure,  (F.)  Cure  du  raisin,  (G.)  Trau- 
benkur,  Weintrau.  A  mode  of  medication  in 
Germany,  which  consists  in  the  use  of  the  grape 
for  both  meat  and  drink  ;  nothing  more  at  the 
farthest  being  allowed  than  a  piece  of  dry  bread. 
This  diet  is  continued  for  weeks.  Its  efi^ects  are 
altogether  revellent,  and  resemble  in  many  re- 
spects those  of  hydropathy. 

Grapes,  Dried,  Uveb  passse. 

GRAPHIDOiDES,  Stvloid. 

GKAPHIODES,  Styloid. 

GRAPHIOiDES,  Styloid. 

GRAPHIS'CUS,  Graphis'cus  Di'oclis.  An  in- 
strument invented  by  Diodes  for  extracting 
darts  [?].  Said,  in  many  of  the  Dictionaries,  but 
erroneously,  to  be  described  by  Celsus.  He 
speaks  only  of  the  Cyathis'eus  Di'oclis,  Aiok^uov 
KvaBioKov.     See  Cyathiscus. 

GRAPHI'TES,  Plumha'go,  SujJercarbure'tum 
seu  Carhure'tum  Ferri,  Ferri  Carhona'tum  seu 
Su]>ercarhure'tum,  Carlo  minera'lis,  Galene'a, 
Gah'ne,  Plumbum  nigrum,  Ceruss'a  nigra,  Gra- 
23Ji>te,  Car'buret  of  iron,  Black  lead,   Wad,  (F.) 


GRAPHOlDES 


434 


GRELE 


Crayon  noir,  Plomhagine,  Charhon  mineral,  Car- 
hure   de  fer,  from  ypacpa,  'I  write.'     This   sub- 
stance has  been  esteemed  slightly  astringent  and 
desiccative.     It  has  been  advised  by  Weinhold 
in  the  cure  of  herpes. 
GRAPHOlDES,  Styloid. 
GRAPH03PASMUS,  Cramp,  writers'. 
GRAS  DES  CADAVRES,  Adipocire  —  g-.  de 
Jitmhe,  Sura — (jr.  des  Gimetiirea,  Adipooire — g.  de 
Jamhe,  Sura. 

GRAS  FONDURE  (F.),  Dmrrhoe'a  adipo'sa, 
literally,  molten  greupe.  A  species  of  diarrhoea, 
referred  to  by  old  writers ;  accompanied  with  great 
emaciation,  and  in  which  the  evacuations  contain 
fat-like  matter.  According  to  Sauvages,  the  Gras- 
foiidiire  differs  from  colliquative  diarrhoea  in  not 
being  attended  with  hectic  fever. 

GRASS,  Asparagus — g.  Bear's,  Yucca  filamen- 
tosa — g.  Bermuda,  Cynodon  dactylon — g.  Bitter, 
Aletris  farinosa  —  g.  Blue-eyed,  Sisyrinchium 
Bermudianum  —  g.  Brome,  Bromus  ciliatus  —  g. 
Bronie.  soft,  Bromus  ciliatus  —  g.  Canary,  culti- 
vated, Phalaris  Canariensis — g.  Couch,  Triticum 
repens  —  g.  Dog,  Triticum  repens — g.  Egyptian 
cock's  foot,  Gramen  crucis  cyperioides^g.  Goat's, 
Scorzonera  —  g.  Knot,  Polygonum  aviculare  —  g. 
Lily,  Sisyrinchium  Bermudianum. 

GuASS  Oil  of  Nemaur,  Oleum  graminis  Indici. 

Grass,  Physic,  Sisyrinchium  Bermudianum — 
g.  Rib,  Plantago  lanceolata- — g.  Scurvy,  Sisyrin- 
chium Bermudianum — g.  Silk,  Yucca  filamentosa 
— g.  Sweet,  Acorus  Calamus. 

Grass  Tree,  Xanthorrhoea. 

Grass,  Vipers',  Scorzonera — g.  Yellow-eyed, 
Xyris  bulbosa. 

'GRASSET  (F.).  The  anterior  region  of  the 
thigh,  bounded  below  by  the  patella. 

GRASSEYEMENT  (F.),  Sonns  blmsus,  Rota- 
ds'mus,  from  (F.)  gras,  'thick.'  'Speaking  thick.' 
According  to  Sauvages,  a  vicious  pronunciation 
of  the  letter  r.  They  who  speak  thick,  like  the 
inhabitants  of  Newcastle,  in  England,  or  of  Havre, 
in  France,  have  difiSculty  in  pronouncing  the  r, 
and  they  frequently  substitute  for  it  the  letter  I; 
but  this  does  not  properly  constitute  Grasseye- 
meiif.  It  consists  in  this :  that,  in  words  in 
which  the  letter  r  is  joined  to  another  consonant, 
a  sort  of  burring  or  guttural  rolling  is  heard, 
nearly  like  that  produced  by  gargling.  See  E,o- 
toeisra. 

GRASUS,  Cinabra. 

GRATELLE.  Psoriasis. 

GRATIA  DEI,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

GRATIOLA  CENTAURIOiDES,G.  officinalis. 

Gratio'la  Opficina'lis,  Bigita'lis  min'ima, 
Gra'tia  Dei,  Gratiola  CentaurioV des,  Hedge  hys- 
sop, Herb  of  Grace,  from  gratia,  'grace  or  favour,' 
owing  to  its  presumed  excellent  medical  virtues. 
It  is  a  native  of  the  south  of  Europe  (F.) 
Gratiole,  Sine  des  pres.  Petite  digifa/e,  Herhc  aa 
pauvre  Jiomme.  The  plant  is  inodorous;  taste 
Btrong,  bitter,  nauseous.  It  is  possessed  of  an- 
thelmintic, purgative,  emetic,  and  diuretic  pro- 
perties.    Dose,  ten  grains. 

GRATIOLE,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

GRATTERON,  Galium  aparine. 

GRATTOIR,  Raspatorium, 

GRAVATIF,  Heavy. 

GRAVE,  Serious — g.  Plant,  Datura  sanguinea, 

GRAVEDO,  Catarrh,  Coryza — g.  Neonatorum, 
Snuffles. 

GRAVEL,  Lith'ia  rena'Us  areno'sa,  Lithi'asis 
nephrit'iea  seu  rena'Us,  (F.)  Gravelle.  A  disease 
occasioned  by  small  concretions,  similar  to  sand 
or  gravel,  Gla'rea,  (F.)  Gravier,  which  form  in 
the  kidneys,  pass  along  the  ureters  to  the  blad- 
der, and  are  expelled  with  the  urine.  These  con- 
cretions, which  are  commonly  composed  of  uric 
acid  and  an  animal  matter,  are  deposited  at  the 


bottom  of  the  vessel,  immediately  after  the  excre- 
tion of  the  urine;  and,  by  their  hardness  and 
resistance  under  the  finger,  differ  considerably 
from  the  ordinary  sediment  of  that  liquid.  A 
vegetable  diet  and  alkaline  drinks  are  the  best 
prophylactics.  See  Calculi,  urinary.  A  Jit  of 
the  Gravel,  Nephral'gia  calculo'-sa  seu  areno'sa, 
Co'lica  nephrit'iea,  is  the  excruciating  suffering 
induced  by  the  passage  of  gravel  from  the  kidney 
to  the  bladder.  It  can  only  be  relieved  by  anaes- 
thetics, opiates,  the  warm  bath,  &c. 

When  the  deposit  is  in  fine  particles,  it  is 
termed  Sand,  Are'na,  Are'nula,  Psani'ma,  Psam- 
mus. 

Gravel  Grass,  Galium  verum. 

Gravel,  Pileous  or  Hairy,  (F.)  Gravelle  jpi- 
leuse.  A  species  of  gravel  containing  hairs,  phos- 
phate of  lime,  ammoniaeo-magnesian  phosphate, 
and  a  little  uric  acid. — Magendie. 

Gravel  Plant,  Epigsea  repens — g.  Root,  Eu- 
patorium  purpureum. 

GRAVELEUX,  Calculous. 

GRAVELLE,  Chalaza,  Gravel — g.  Pilense, 
Gravel,  pileous. 

GRAVEOLENS,  Fetid. 

GRAVID,  Pregnant. 

GRAV'IDIN;  from  gravidus,  'pregnant,' 
gravis,  'heavy.'  A  sediment  in  the  urine  of 
pregnant  women,  which  by  its  decomposi-tion 
gives  rise  to  the  pellicle  kyestein.  It  differs  from 
albumen,  casein  and  gelatin. — Stark. 

GRAVIDITAS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy  —  g, 
Abdominalis,  Pregnancy,  abdominal  —  g.  Extra- 
uterina,  see  Pregnancy — g.  Extra-uterina  in  Ova- 
rio,  Pregnancy,  ovarian  —  g.  Extra-uterina  Se- 
cundaria, Metacyesis — g.  Interstitialis,  Preg- 
nfiney,  interstitial — g.  Molaris,  Mole — g.  Ovarii, 
Pregnancy,  ovarian — g.  Spuria,  Pregnancy,  false 
— g.  Tubaria,  Pregnancy,  tubal,  Salpingo-cyesis 
— g.  Uteri  substantia.  Pregnancy,  interstitial — g. 
Uterina,  Pregnancy. 

GRA  riER,  Gravel. 

GRAVIMETER,  Areometer. 

GRAVIS,  Heavy. 

GRAVITY,  SPECIF'IC,  Gravitas  specif'ica, 
(F.)  Pesantexir  specifique.  The  relation  between 
the  weight  of  a  body  and  its  bulk:  thus,  sup- 
posing four  bodies  to  be  of  the  same  size,  but  to 
weigh,  one  four,  another  three,  another  two,  and 
the  fourth  one;  the  specific  gravity  of  the  first 
will  be  four  times  greater  than  that  of  the  last. 
The  specific  gravities  of  different  bodies  are, 
therefore,  as  the  weights,  bulk  for  bulk.  For 
solids,  and  liquids,  water  is  taken  as  the  unit ; 
atmospheric  air  for  the  gases.  Thus,  water  is 
1.000 ;  mercury,  at  the  common  temperature, 
13.58.  AVhence,  we  conclude  mercury  is  between 
thirteen  and  fourteen  times  heavier  than  water. 

GRAYHAIRED,  see  Poliosis. 

GRAY  MATTER  OF  THE  BRAIN,  Cortex 
cerebri,  see  Neurine. 

GREASE,  from  (F.)  Graisse,  'fat.'  A  specific 
inflammation,  afi"ecting  the  skin  of  the  heels  of 
the  horse,  which  is  especially  interesting  from 
the  circumstance,  that  the  matter,  if  inserted 
under  the  cuticle  of  an  unprotectod  individual, 
may  give  rise  to  an  affection  —  grease-pox,  vari'- 
ol(B  equi'ncB — which  preserves  the  person  from 
small-pox.  [?] 

Grease,  Barrow's,  Adeps  suillus  —  g.  Goose, 
Adeps  anserinus — g.  Molten,  Gras-fondiire. 

Grease  Pox,  see  Grease. 

GREENHEART,  see  Bebeeru. 

GREENHOW'S  TINCTURE  FOR  THE 
TEETH,  Spiritus  armoraci*  compositus. 

GREEN  SICKNESS,  Chlorosis. 

GREENWEED,  Genista  tinctora. 

GR£LE  (F.),  Grac"ilis,  'long and  thin.'   This 


GRELE 


435 


GRYPHIUS    PES 


epithet  is  given  by  the  French  to  various  parts, 
as  the 

Apophyse  Grele  du  Marteau,  the  slender  apoph'- 
ysis  or  proeesH  of  the  mal'leus.  A  long  process 
situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck  of  the 
malleus,  which  passes  out  by  the  fissure  of  Gla- 
serius.  It  is  also  called  the  Ajtophy'sis  of  Rau, 
although  it  was  already  known  to  Fabricius  ab 
Aquapendente  and  to  C^cilius  FoUius. 

GEELE,  Chalaza — (j.  Interne  de  la  Cidsse, 
Gracilis. 

GREMIL  OFFICINAL,  Lithospermum  offi- 
cinale. 

GREMIUM,  Vulva. 

GRENADE.  Influenza. 

GRENADIER,  Punica  granatum. 

GRENADIN,  see  Punica  granatum. 

GR ENTERS,  Vesiculse  seuiinales. 

GRENOUILLE,  Rana  esculenta. 

GRENOUILLETTE,  Ranula. 

GREOULX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Sul- 
phuretted springs  in  the  department  of  Basses- 
Alpes,  France. 

GRBSSURA,  Perinaum. 

GRESSUS,  Walking. 

GREVEURE,  Hernia. 

GRIELUM,  Apium  petroselinum,  Smyrnium 
olusatrum. 

GRIFF,  see  Mulatto. 

GRIFFO,  see  Mulatto. 

GRINCEMENT  DES  BENTS,  Brygmus. 

GRINCOMES,  Syphilis. 

GRINDERS,  Molar  teeth— g.  Asthma,  see 
Asthma,  grinders' — g.  Rot,  Asthma,  grinders'. 

GRINDING  MILL,  see  Pulverization. 

GRIPE,  CUTTING  ON  THE,  see  Lithotomy. 

GRIPES,  Tormina,  Colic. 

Gripes,  Watery.  A  popular  name  for  a  dan- 
gerous disease  of  infancy,  common  in  England, 
which  does  not  differ  essentially  from  the  cholera 
infantum  of  this  country. 

GRIPHOSIS,  Onychogryphosis. 

GRIPPE  (F.).  from  gripper,  '  to  gripe,'  'catch 
hold  of.'  A  vulgar  name  for  several  catarrhal 
diseases,  which  have  reigned  epidemically;  as 
the  influenza. 

GRIPPE,  Pinched. 

GRISOU,  see  Hydrogen,  carburetted. 

GRISTLE,  Cartilage. 

GRITS,  Groats. 

Grit  Gruel,  Water  gmcl.  This  is  made 
as  follows  :  —  Take  three  ounces  of  grits  ;  wash 
them  well  in  cold  icater,  and,  having  poured  off 
the  fluid,  put  them  into  four  pints  of  fresh  water, 
and  boil  slowly  until  the  water  is  reduced  one- 
half;  then  strain  through  a  sieve.  It  is  a  good 
demulcent,  and  is  employed  also  as  a  vehicle  for 
clysters. 

GROAN,  see  Suspirium. 

GROATS,  German  Griitze;  Grutiim,  Ave'na 
excortica'ta  ;  (F.)  Gruau,  Oatmeal,  (  F<3?-7i;«A?Ve.) 
Oats,  hulled,  but  unground,  [Lancashire.)  Hulled 
oats,  half  ground.  Oats  that  have  the  hulls  taken 
off;  Grits,  (Prov.)  Cutlins.  When  crushed,  they 
are  termed  Embden  groats.  In  America,  fine 
hominy  is  called  Grits,  and  wheat  prepared  in 
the  same  way  is  likewise  so  designated.  It  is 
also  called  vcheaten  hominy. 

Groats,  Cracow,  Semolina. 

GROCERS'  ITCH,  see  Eczema  Impetiginodes, 
PiSoriasis. 

GROG-BLOSSOMS,  Gutta  rosea, 

GROG-ROSES,  Gutta  rosea. 

GROMWELL,  Lithospermum  officinale. 

GROOVE,  Fttrroio,  Sulcus,  (F.)  Rainure.  Ice- 
landic, grafa,  Sax.  srapan,  '  to  dig.'  A  channel 
or  gutter  in  a  bone  or  surgical  instrument.  See 
Coulisse. 


Groove,  Prim'itive,  Primitive  streah  or  trace, 
Nota  primiti'va.  A  bright  streak  in  the  long 
axis  of  the  pellucid  part  of  the  area  germinativa, 
after  it  presents  a  central  pellucid  and  a  periphe- 
ral opake  part,  and  passes  from  the  round  to  the 
pear  shape. 

GROOVED.  Same  etymon.  Sulca'tns,  Stria'- 
tus,  Canalicula'tus,  (F.)  Cannele  ou  Canele  ou 
Canalicule  ;  Canaliculated.  Having  a  small  chan- 
nel or  gutter. 

GROS,  Drachm — g.  Cov,  Bronchocele. 

GROSEILLES,  Ribes  rubrum  —  g.  d  3Iaqne- 
reaii,  Ribes  uva  crispa. 

GROSEILLER  NOIR,  Ribes  nigrum  —  ^. 
Rouge,  Ribes  rubrum. 

G'ROSSE  gorge.  Bronchocele. 

GROSSESSE,  Pregnancy— ,g.  Ahdominale, 
Pregnancy,  abdominal  —  g.  Afoetule,  Pregnancy, 
afoetal  —  g.  Blgeminale,  Pregnancy,  bigeminal  — 
g.  Complexe,  Pregnancy,  complex  —  g.  Composee, 
Pregnane}',  compound  —  g.  Contre-nature,  Preg- 
nancy, extra-uterine — g.  Fansse  ou  ajiparente. 
Pregnancy,  false — g.  Fmtale,  Pregnancy,  foetal — 
g.  Gazo-hysterique,  Pregnancy,  gazo-hysteric  — 
g.  Hemato-hysterique,  Pregnancy,  hemato-hyste- 
ric — g.  Hydro-ltysteriqne,  Pregnancy,  hj'dro-hys- 
teric  —  g.  Ltter-extra-itterine,  Pregnancy,  com- 
plex— g.  Ovarienne,  Pregnancy,  ovarial — g.  Sar- 
co-hysteriqiie,  Pregnancy,  sareo-hysteric — g.  Sar- 
cofatale,  Pregnancy,  sarcofoetal — g.  Simple,  Preg- 
nancy, solitary — g.  Solitnire,  Pregnane}',  solitary 
—  g.  Trigeminale,  Pregnancy,  trigeminal  —  </. 
Triple,  Pregnancy,  trigeminal — g.  Tubaire,  Preg- 
nancy, tubal- —  g.  Utero-abdominale,  Pregnancy, 
utero-abdominal — g.  Utero-ovarienne,  Pregnancy, 
utero-ovarian — g.  Utero-tubaire,  Pregnancy,  ute- 
ro-tubal. 

GROSSULARIA,  Ribes  uva  crispa — g.  Nigra, 
Ribes  nigrum — g.  Non  spinosa,  Ribes  nigrum — g. 
Rubra,  Ribes  rubrum. 

GROTTO  DEI  SERPI  (L)  'Grotto  of  ser- 
pents.' A  grotto  near  Braccano,  in  Italy,  filled 
with  warm  water,  to  which  invalids,  affected  with 
skin  diseases,  resort. 

GROUILLEMENT  D'ENTRAILLES,  Bor- 
borygmus. 

GROUND  BERRY,  Gaultheria  — g.  Holly, 
Gaultheria — g.  Ivy,  Gaultheria,  Glechoma  hede- 
racea  —  g.  Nut,  Arachis  hypogea,  Pignut  —  g. 
Pine,  Teucrium  chamaepitys  —  g.  Pine,  French, 
Teucrium  iva, 

GROUNDIE  SWALLOW,  Senecio. 

GROUNDSEL,  Senecio  — g.  Tree,  Baecharis 
halimifolia. 

GROUSEBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

GROWTH,  from  Dutch  groyen,  'to  grow,' 
Tncremen'tum,  Crescen'tia,  Anaplo'sis,  Anaptyx'is, 
(F.)  Groissance,  Crite.  The  development  of  the 
body;  particularly  in  the  direction  of  its  height. 
Also,  any  adventitious  tissue ;  thus,  we  speak  of 
a  morbid  growth  or  formation.    See  Development. 

GROZET-EYED,  Goggle-eyed. 

GRUAU,  Groats. 

GRUB,  Larve,  see  Ectozoa. 

Grubs,  Acne  punctata. 

GRUEL,  GRIT,  see  Grits— g.  Water,  see  Ave- 
na,  and  Grits, 

GRUFF,  from  Teutonic  ge,  and  ruh,  'rough.* K, 
In  pharmacy,  the  coarse  residue,  which  will  noi*g 
pass  through  the  sieve  in  pulverization. 

GRUME AU,  Coagulum. 

GRUMOUS,  Grumo'sus,  (F.)  Grumele,  Grume- 
leiix,  from  gritmivs,  '  a  clot.'     Clotted. 

GRUMUS,  Coagulum. 

GRUTUM.  'Groats.'  Grutnm,  Mil'ium,  Mil'- 
him.  A  hard  white  tubercle  of  the  skin,  resem- 
bling, in  size  aad  appearance,  a  millet-seed,  It 
is  confined  to  the  face.     See,  also,  Groats. 

GRYPH'IUS    PES.     The  Griffon's  foot,  (F.) 


GRYPHOSIS 


436 


GUMMI 


Pled  de  Griffon,  An  instrument  of  which  Am- 
brose Pare  speaks,  which  was  used  for  extracting 
moles  from  the  uterus. 

GRYPHOSIS,  Onychogryphosis. 
GRYPO'SIS,  from  ypuiroo),  '  I  incurvate.'     In- 
cw-va'tio.     Curvature  or  crookedness  in  general. 
Crookedness  or   incurvation    of  the   nails.     See 
Onychoqryposis. 
GRYPOTES,  see  Grypus. 

GRYPUS.  One  who  has  a  crooked  or  aquiline 
nose.     The  condition  is  termed  Gry'jwtes. 

GUA'CO,  Hua'co.  The  name  of  a  plant,  En- 
pnto'rium  Gnaco,  decribed  by  Humboldt  and 
JBonpland  under  the  name  Mika'nia  Guaco,  Ord. 
Corapositse,  which  grows  in  the  valleys  of  Mada- 
lena,  Rio-Cauca,  <fcc.,  in  South  America.  The 
negroes  use  the  juice  against  the  bites  of  poison- 
ous reptiles  ; — both  in  the  way  of  prevention  and 
cure.  It  has  been,  of  late,  brought  forward  as  a 
remedy  in  cholera. 

GUAIAC,  see  Guaiaeum. 

GUAIACI  LIGNUM,  see  Guaiaeum  — g.  Re- 
sina,  see  Guaiaeum. 

GUAIACINE,  see  Guaiaeum. 
GUAI'ACUM,  G.  Officina'le  sen  Amer-ica'nnm, 
Lignum  vitm  seu  sanctum  seu  benedic'trmi  seu 
Ind'icum,  Palas sanctus,  Hac)i<jx'ylnw,(F.)  Gayac, 
Ga'iac.  Ord.  Zj'gophylleae.  The  resin  —  Guar'aci 
Besi'na,  Guai'ac,  {¥.}  Resine  ou  Gomme  de  Ga'iac 
— and  the  wood — Guaiei  lignum — are  both  used 
in  medicine.  Their  odour  is  slightly  fragrant  ; 
taste  warm  and  bitter,  of  the  resin  more  so  than 
of  the  wood.  The  resin  is  concrete,  brittle; 
colour,  externally,  greenish;  internally  grayish. 
Water  dissolves  about  one-tenth;  alcohol  95 
parts.  It  is  soluble,  also,  in  liquor  potasscB  15  parts, 
liquor  ammonicB  38  parts.  The  powder  is  whitish, 
but  changes  green  in  the  air.  The  base  of  the 
guaiaeum  is  a  peculiar  resin,  called  Guaiacine. 

Guaiaeum  is  stimulant  a-nd  diaphoretic ;  and 
in  large  doses,  purgative.  It  is  adaiinistered  in 
chronic  rheumatism,  gout,  cutaneous  diseases, 
and  the  sequelae  of  sj'philis.  Dose  of  resin,  gr. 
V  to  XX  : — to  purge,  gr.  xx  to  xl. 

Gnnia'cum  sanctum,  and  G.  a)igusti/o'lium]ia,ve 
the  same  virtues  as  6^.  officinale. 
GUALTHERIA,  Gaultheria. 
GUANO,  —  according    to    Tschudi,    properly 
Huann, — is  formed  of  the  excrements  of  different 
kinds  of  marine  birds — mews,  divers,  sheerbreaks, 
(tc,  but  especially  of  the  Sula  variega'ta.     It  is 
found  in  enormous  layers  in  the  South  American 
islands  of  the  Pacific,  and  is  used  as  manure. 
GUAR  ANA,  Paullinia. 
GUARANHEM,  Monesia. 
GUARANIN,'see  Coffea  Arabica. 
GUARAPO.      A   fermented   liquor   made,    in 
Peru,  of  sugar-cane  pulp  and  water.    It  is  a  very 
fovourite  beverage  of  the  negroes. — Tschudi. 
GUARD  (for  a  bed),  Alhe. 
GUARERBA  ORBA,  Momordica  elaterium. 
GUAVA  APPLE,  Psidium  pomiferura. 
GUAYAVA,  Psidium  pomiferum. 
GUAZA,  see  Bangue. 

GUBERNAC'ULUM  DENTIS,  (guhemacn- 
luni,  'a  rudder.')  A  cord,  which  passes  from  the 
follicle  of  the  permanent  tooth  along  a  small  long 
canal  behind  the  alveolus  of  the  milk  tooth,  and 
becomes  continuous  with  the  gum.  The  guber- 
naoulum  has  been  supposed  to  direct  the  perma- 
nent tooth  outwards.  The  canal  has  been  termed 
Iter  dentis. 

Gdbernaculum  Testis,  Gnhemacnlum.  testis, 
Huntcri,  G.  ITunteri,  Hunteri  Ligamen'tum  sus- 
penso'rium  Testis,  (F.)  Gouvernail  du  testicule.  A 
triangular,  fibro-cellular  cord  :  which,  in  the  foetus, 
arises  from  the  ramus  of  the  ischium  and  the  skin 
of  the  scrotum,  and  proceeds  to  the  posterior  part 
of  the  testicle,  before  this  organ  issues  from  the 


abdomen.    It  has  been  supposed  to  be  a  continu- 
ation of   the  fascia  superficialis   with    muscular 
fibres   from  the  internal  oblique  muscle,  which 
pass  upwards  to  the  testis  when  in  the  abdomen  ; 
and  by  their  contraction  draw  the  testis  down, 
and  ultimately  form  the  cremaster  muscle. 
GUEPE,  Wasp. 
GUERISON,  Cure. 
GUERISSABLE,  Curable. 
G^f7/,Viscum  album — g.de  CAe)?e,Viscum  album. 
GUIDER,  Tendon. 

GUILANDI'NA  MORIN'GA,  Hijperanthe' m 
moringa.  A  plant,  Ord.  Leguminosae,  which 
affords  the  Ben  nut,  and  the  lignum  nephrit'icrtm. 
It  is  also  called  Morin'ga  Oleif'era  seu  Zeylan'ica 
seu  Nux  hen.  Under  the  name  Guilandiita  mo- 
ringa, Linnffius  is  said  to  have  confounded  Mo- 
ringa pterygosperm' a  and  3f.  ap'tera.  JJyperan- 
the'ra  moringa  is  a  synonyme  of  the  former 
species.  The  nut  Ben,  Ben  nux,  Glans  ungnenta' - 
ria,  DaVanus  3fyrep)'sica,  San'dalum  cmru'leum, 
Oily  Acorn  or  Ben  nut,  is  a  West  India  nut  which 
furnishes  an  oil,  O'leum  Balani'nvm,  Oil  of  Ben, 
that  does  not  become  rancid  by  age,  and  is  hence 
used  by  perfumers.     It  is  purgative. 

The  wood  of  the  Guilajidina  is  called  Lignum 
NepJirit'icum,  and  has  been  used  in  decoction,  in 
affections  of  the  urinary  organs. 

GUILLOTINE,  TONSIL,  Amygdalatome. 
GUILTY  CUPS,  Ranunculus  acris. 
GUhVAUVE,  Althrea  — </.  Veloutee,  Hibiscus 
abelmoschus. 

GULA,  (Esophagus,  Pharynx. 
GUL.E  IMBECILLITAS,  Pharyngoplegia — 
g.  Principium,  Pharynx. 
GULLET,  CEsophagns. 
GULLION,  Colic. 
GULOSUS.  Glutton. 
GULSCHOCH,  Icterus. 

GUM,  ACAROID,  see  Xanthorrhoea— g.Aniuie, 
Anime — g.  Arabic,  Acacias  gummi — g.  Artificial, 
Dextrin  —  g.  Bassora,  Bassora  gum  —  g.  Black- 
boy,  see  Xanthorrhoea. 
Gum  Boil,  Parulis. 

Gum,  British,  Dextrin  —  g.  Butea,  see  Butea 
frondosa — g.  Caranna,  Caranna — g.  Dragon,  Tra- 
gacantha — g.  East  India,  see  Feronia  elepbantum 
— g.  Elastic,  Caoutchouc. 

Gum  of  the  Eye,  Chassie — g.  Falling  away  of 
the,  Ulatrophia  —  g.  Hemlock,  see  Pinus  Cana- 
densis—  g.  Indigenous,  Gummi  nostras  —  g.  Ivy, 
see  Hedera  helix — g.  Juniper,  Sandarac. 

Gum-Lancet,  Dentiscal'pium,  Odontog'lyphon, 
(F.)  Bechaussoir.  An  instrument  for  separating 
the  gum  from  the  cervix  of  the  tooth,  prior  to 
extraction.  It  is  formed  much  like  a  fleam.  The 
operation  itself  is  called  Lancing  the  gums,  Den'- 
tium.  scaiptu'ra,  (F.)  Declianssement. 

Gum,  Orenburg,  see  Pinus  larix  —  g.  Red, 
Strophulus. 
Gum  Resin,  Gummi  resina. 
Gum,  Saxdarach,  Sandarac  —  g.  Sassa,  Sassa 
— g.  Seneca,  Acacise  gummi — g.  Senega,  Acaciaa 
gummi  —  g.  Shrinking  of  the,  Ulatrophia  —  g. 
Sweet,  Liquidambar  styraciflua  —  g.  Tragacanth, 
Tragacanth. 

Gum  Tree,  Brown,  see  Kino. 
Gum,   White,   Liquidambar   styraciflua,   Stro.. 
phulus — g.  Yellow,  Icterus  infantum. 

GUMMA,  (F.)  Gomme.  An  elastic  tumour 
formed  in  the  periosteum  occupying  particularly 
the  cranium  and  sternum,  and  produced  by  the 
syphilitic  virus,  when  it  has  been  long  in  the  con- 
stitution. It  is  so  called,  because,  when  ojiened, 
it  contains  a  matter  like  gum. 

GUMMI,  Commi,  koujjh,  (F.)  Gomme.  An  im- 
mediate principle  of  vegetables.  It  is  a  solid, 
uncrystallizable,  inodorous  substance,  of  a  mawk- 


GUMMIDODES 


43' 


GUTT.E    ABBATIS,    &c. 


ish  taste,  unchangeable  in  the  air,  insoluble  in 
alcohol,  but  soluble  in  water,  with  which  it  forms 
a  mucilage.  It  is  obtained  from  various  species 
of  mimosa  and  pniuiis;  and  consequently  there 
are  many  varieties  of  gum.  They  are  used  in 
medicines  as  demulcents,  emollients,  and  relax- 
ants, particularly  in  catarrh,  intestinal  irritations, 
<fcc.;  and  in  Pharmaci/,  they  are  employed  in  the 
formation  of  emulsions,  pills,  &c. 

GujrMi  Acacia  Arabics,  Acacias  gummi — g. 
Acanthinum,  Acacias  gummi  —  g.  Acaroides,  see 
Xanthorrhcea — g.  Adstringens  Fothergilli,  Kino 
— g.  Ammoniacum,  Ammoniac — g.  Anime,  Aninie 
— g.  Arabicum,  Acacia3  gummi — g.  Astragali  Tra- 
gacanthaj,  Tragacantha- — g.  Bogia,  Cambogia  — 
g.  Brelisis,  Caranna  — g.  Copallinum,  Copal  —  g. 
Elastieum,  Caoutchouc  —  g.  Euphorbias,  see  Eu- 
phorbia officinarum — g.  Gamandrse,  Cambogia  — 
g.  Gambiense,  Kino — ■  g.  de  Goa,  Cambogia  —  g. 
Gutta,  Cambogia  —  g;  Ilederas,  see  Hedera  helix 
— g.  de  Jemu,  Cambogia  —  g.  Juniperi,  Sandarac 
— g.  Laccaa,  Laeca — g.  Ladanum,  see  Cistus  cre- 
ticus — g.  Lamac,  Acacise  gummi — g.  Laricis,  see 
Pinus  larix — g.  Leucum,  Acacise  gummi. 

GujfMi  Nostras,  (F.)  Gomme  du  Pays  ;  Indig"- 
enous  Gum.  These  generic  names  are  given  to 
several  species  of  gum,  which  flow  spontaneously 
from  certain  indigenous  fruit  trees,  —  such  as  the 
almond,  cherry,  peach,  apricot,  <&c.  The  indige- 
nous gums  have  nearly  the  same  properties  as 
gum  Arabic :  but  they  are  inferior  to  it. 

Gummi  Orenburgensr,  see  Pinus  larix — g.  Pa- 
naeis,  see  Pastinaca  opoponas — g.  ad  Podagram, 
Cambogia. 

Gummi-Resi'na,  Gum-resin.  A  milky  juice, 
obtained  by  making  incisions  into  the  branches, 
stalks  and  roots  of  certain  vegetables.  Gum-re- 
sins are  compounds  of  resin,  gum,  often  with  es- 
sential oil,  and  different  other  vegetable  matters. 
They  are  solid,  opake,  brittle,  of  a  strong  odour, 
acrid  taste,  variable  colour,  and  are  heavier  than 
water.  Water  dissolves  a  part  of  them,  and  al- 
cohol another;  hence  proof  spirit  is  the  proper 
menstruum.  The  generality  of  the  gum-resins 
are  powerful  stimulants  to  the  whole  or  to  parts  of 
the  economy.  The  chief  are  asn/oetida,  gum  am- 
moitiac,  euphorhium,  galbanum,  cnmboge,  myrrh, 
olibcmum,  O2'>opunax,  scatiimony,  aloes,  &,o. 

Gummi  Rubrum  Adstringens  Gambiense,  Ki- 
no, see  Butea  Frondosa — g.  Seneca,  Senegal  gum 
— g.  Senega,  Senegal,  gum — g.  Senegalense,  Se- 
negal, gum  —  g.  Senica,  Senegal,  gum — g.  Sera- 
pionis,  Acacise  gummi  —  g.  Thebaicum,  Acacife 
gummi- — g.  Tragacantha,  Tragacantha  —  g.  Ura- 
lense,  see  Pinus  larix. 

GUMMIDODES,  Mucilaginous. 

GUMMIODES,  Mucilaginous. 

GUMMOSUS,  Mucilaginous. 

GUMS,  Gingivse. 

GUN-COTTOiSr,  see  Collodion  — g.  c.  Ethereal 
solution  of,  Collodion. 

GUN.IAH,  see  Bangue. 

GUNNERA  PERPEN'SA.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Urticaeese;  the  decoction  of 
which  is  taken  as  a  domestic  remedy  by  the  farm- 
ers, as  a  tonic  in  dyspepsia.  A  tincture  has  been 
used  in  gravel.  An  infusion  of  the  leaves  is  de- 
mulcent, and  is  employed  in  pulmonary  affections. 
The  leaves  are  applied  fresh,  to  cure  wounds  and 
ulcers. 

GURGES,  Pharynx. 

GURGITELLO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  thermal  spring  in  the  isle  of  Ischia.  Temp,  at 
its  source,  176°  Fah.  It  contains  carbonic  acid, 
carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  iron  and  soda,  sul- 
phates of  lime  and  soda,  chloride  of  sodium  and 
silica. 

GURGLING.  'Gushing  with  noise,'  as  water 
from  a  bottle.     (F.)  Gargouillement,  same  etymon 


as  gargle.  The  rhonchus  or  rale  heard  on  aus- 
cultation when  there  is  a  cavity  in  the  lungs  con- 
taining pus.  It  is  the  'cavernous  rattle  or  rhon- 
chus,' Rale  caverneux.  The  size  of  the  bubbles 
heard  varies,  and  hence  the  rhonchus  has  been 
called  cavernous  and  cavern' ulous,  (F.)  lidle  ca- 
vernnleux.  If  the  cavern  be  large,  this  rale  will 
nearly  resemble  the  gurgling  of  a  bottle  {glovglon 
d'une  houteille  :)  if,  on  the  contrary,  the  cavern 
be  small,  it  will  not  differ  from  the  rale  mu- 
queux. 

GURGULIO,  Penis,  Uvula. 

GUSTATIF.  {Nerf,)  see  Lingual  Nerve, 

GUSTATION,  Degustation,  Taste. 

GUSTATORY  NERVE,  see  Lingual  Nerve. 

GUSTUS,  Taste— g.  Depravatus,  Parageustia. 

GUT,  Gout,  Intestine— g.  Blind,  Ca;cum. 

GUTS,  SLIPPERINESS  OF  THE,  Lientery. 

GUTTA,  Apoplexy, -Cambogia,  Gout. 

Gutta.  A  Drop,  Stalog'ma,  Alun'sel,  Stilla 
(F.)  Goutte.  A  quantity  of  liquid,  generally  va- 
lued, in  pharmacy,  at  the  weight  of  a  grain.  The 
weight,  however,  varies  according  to  different 
circumstances,  as  the  degree  of  tenacity  of  the 
fluid,  and  the  extent  of  moist  surface  to  which  the 
suspended  drop  is  attached  before  it  falls ;  and  it 
was  found  by  Mr.  Alsop  to  be  influenced  by  the 
size  of  the  bottle,  and  the  angle  of  inclination  at 
which  it  was  held  during  the  operation  of  drop- 
ping. The  following  are  some  of  his  results  as 
to  the  number  of  drops  required  to  measure  a 
fiuidrachm,  when  dropped  from  a  large  and  a  small 
bottle. 

From  a  large  From  a  small 
bottle.        bottle, 
(f^j)  Diluted  sulphuric  acid. ...24  drops  84  drops 

Scheele's  hydrocyanic  acid  35 70 

Distilled  water .31 64 

Solution  of  ammonia 40 48 

Tincture  of  opium 84 135 

Rectified  spirits 100 130 

Tincture  ofchlorideof  ironlOO 150 

Gutta  Gamandr^e,  Cambogia — g.  Gamba,  Cam- 
bogia-— g.  Opaca,  Cataract. 

Gutta  Pkrcha,  Gutta  tnhan,  Gomme  gelta'nia. 
The  concrete  juice  of  a  tree — Tsonan'dra  gutta— ^ 
which  is  indigenous  in  Singapore  and  its  vicinity, 
and  belongs  to  the  Natural  Order  Sapotacese. 
Plunged  in  boiling  water  it  softens,  when  it  may 
be  moulded  like  caoutchouc  to  any  form,  which 
it  retains  on  cooling.  Splints  and  other  instru- 
ments have  been  made  of  it. 

A  solution  of  gutta  jjereli  am  chloroform — TraU' 
mat'ieine  —  has  been  used  with  advantage,  topi' 
cally,  in  various  cutaneous  affections,  scrofulous 
and  indolent  ulcers,  and  as  an  ectrotic  in  small- 
pox. 

Gutta  Rosacea  Syphilitica,  Crown  of  Venus. 

Gutta  Ro'sea,  G.  Rosa'cea,  lon'thns  corymh'- 
i/er,  Crusta  serpigino'sa  sen  pjrurtgino'sa.  Acne 
rosa'cea,  Rose'ola  acno'sa,  Thylucii'tis,  BaccMa, 
Butiga,  Car'huncled  Face,  Rosy  Drop  or  Whelk, 
Copper-nose,  Bottle-nose,  Grog-blossoms,  Groq- 
roses,  Brandy-face,  (F.)  Couperose,  Goutte  Rose, 
Bourgeons,  Dartre  pustuleuse  couperose.  An 
eruption  of  small,  suppurating  tubercles,  with 
shining  redness,  and  an  irregular  granular  ap- 
pearance of  the  skin  of  the  part  of  the  face  which 
is  affected.  The  redness  commonly  appears  first 
at  the  end  of  the  nose,  and  then  spreads  on  both 
sides.  It  is  often  produced  by  hard  drinking. 
Its  cure  must  be  attempted  by  regular  regimen, 
and  cooling  means  internally  :  weak  spirituous  or 
saturnine  lotions  externally.  The  affection  is 
usually  very  obstinate. 

Gutta  Serena,  Amaurosis  —  g.  Tuban,  Gutta 
percha. 

GUTTJil  ABBATIS  ROUSSEAU,  Laudanum 
abbatis  Rousseau — g.  Ammoniaci,  see  A.mmoniac 


GUTTALIS    CARTILAGO 


438 


GYTLING 


gum — g.  Acidae  toniese.  Elixir  Acidum  Halleri — 
g.  Nervinae,  Alcohol  sulfurico-sethereus  ferri. 

GutTjE  NigR/E,  Ace'liim  o'pii,  Common  Black 
Drop.      (Opii  §viij,  aceti  destillat.  R)ij.  Infuse.) 

The  celebrated  Black  Drop,  Lan'caster  or  Qua- 
ker''s  Black  Drop  may  be  made  as  follows.  Take 
half  a  pound  of  opium  sliced ;  three  pints  oi  good 
verjuice,  (juice  of  the  wild  crab,)  one  and  a  half 
ounce  of  nutmegs,  and  half  an  ounce  of  saffron. 
Boil  to  a  proper  thickness,  and  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  sugar,  and  two  spoonfuls  of  yeast.  Set 
the  whole  in  a  warm  place,  near  the  fire,  for  six 
or  eight  weeks;  then  place  it  in  the  open  air  un- 
til it  becomes  a  syrup.  Lastly,  decant,  filter,  and 
bottle  it  up,  adding  a  little  sugar  to  each  bottle. 
One  drop  is  equal  to  three  of  laudanum;  and  it 
is  nearly  devoid  of  all  the  unpleasant  exciting 
effects  of  the  latter.  An_  analogous  formula  is 
contained  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States  under  the  name  Ace'tum  opii,  Vinegar  of 
Opium. 

GUTTALIS  CAKTILAGO,  Arytenoid  Carti- 
lage. 

GUTTEKIA,  Bronchocele. 

GUTTUR.  The  throat;  the  larynx;  the 
trachea. 

GuTTUR  Globostjm,  Bronchocele — g.  Tumidum, 
Bronchocele. 

GUT'TURAL,  Guttura'lis,  from  guttur,  'the 
throat.'     Relating  or  belonging  to  the  throat. 

The  Superior  Thi/roideal  Artery  is  sometimes 
called  GuUural  Artery. 

A  Guttural  Cough  is  one  occasioned  by  irrita- 
tion of  the  larj'nx  or  trachea. 

A  Guttural  Sound  is  one  produced,  as  it  were, 
in  the  throat. 

GUTTURIS  OS,  Hyoides  os. 

GUTTURNIA,  Arytenoid  cartilages. 

GYMNA,  Genital  Organs. 

GYMNASION,  Exercise. 

GYMNA'SIUM,  from  yv/jivo;,  'naked.'  PalcBs'. 
tra.  An  establishment  amongst  the  ancients,  in- 
tended for  bodily  exercises,  as  wrestling,  running, 
&e. ;  a  term  now  used,  in  Germany  more  espe- 
cially, for  an  academy  or  higher  school. 

GYMNAST,  Gymnas'tes,  Gymnas'ta ;  same 
etymon.  The  manager  of  a  gymnasium.  One, 
■whose  profession  it  is  to  prevent  or  cure  diseases 
by  gymnastics. 

GYMNASTICS,  Gymnas'tica,  3Iedici'nn  gym- 
nas'tica  seu  euect'ica,  Somaseet'ics,  (P.)  Gymnas- 
tique,  Somascetique.  Same  etymon.  Th;i.t  part 
of  hygienic  medicine  which  treats  of  bodily  exer- 
cises. It  is  called  3fed'ical  Gymnastics.  The 
ancients  had  also  Athlet'ic  Gymnastics,  and  Mil'- 
itary  Gymuastics.  Herodicus,  of  Selivrtea,  first 
proposed  gyraastics  for  the  cure  of  disease. 

GYMNASTIQUE,  Gymnastics. 

GYMNEU'RA  LACTIF'ERUM,  Ceylon  cow- 
tree,  Kiriagkuma.  A  tree,  of  the  Family  Apocy- 
naeeae,  the  juice  of  which  is  used  by  the  Cinga- 
lese as  milk. 

GYMNOC'LADUS  CANADEN'SIS,  Coffee 
Tree,  Kentucky  Coffee-hean  Tree,  31ahogany, 
Nieknr  Tree,  Bondue.  0)-cZe;%  LeguminosEe  ;  froin 
yvixvoi,  'naked,'  and  kXo^o;,  'a  branch.'  An  in- 
digenous tree,  which  grows  from  Ohio  to  Louisi- 
ana. The  leaves  are  cathartic,  and  said  to  con- 
tain cytisin.  The  seeds  are  a  good  substitute  for 
coffee. 

GYMNOGRAMME  CETERACH,  Asplenium 
cetera ch. 

GYMNOPTERIS  CETERACH,  Asplenium 
ceterach. 

GYMN0SI3.  Denudation. 

GYNjE'CANER,  ffova yvvn,yvvatKo;,  'a  woman,' 
and  avT]^,  'a  man.'  Vir  effcemina'tus.  An  effemi- 
nate man. 

GYN^CANTHE,  Tamus  communis. 


GYN^ECATOP'TRON,  from  yvrr;,  yvvaiKo;,  'a 
woman,'  and  Karo-K-pov,  '  a  speculum.'  A  spccu- 
culum  for  investigating  the  female  organs  of 
generation. 

GYN^CEA,  Gynaseeia. 

GYNiECEI'A,  GyncRci' a,  Gymrce'a,  from  yvvri, 
yvvaiKOi, '  a  woman.'  The  catamenia ; — the  lochia. 
The  diseases  of  women  in  general. — Hippocrates, 
Galen,  Eoesius. 

GYN^CEUM,  Antimonium,  Yulva. 

GYN^^CE'US,  from  ywv,  ywaiKos,  '  a  woman.' 
Belonging  to  women.     Pemale.     Feminine. 

GYN^CIA,  Gynaeceia,  Menses. 

GYN^COLOG"IA,  Gynecol'ogy,  from  yyvv, 
yvvaiKOi,  'a  woman,'  and  Aoyos,  'a  description.' 
The  doctrine  of  the  nature,  diseases,  &c.  of 
women. 

GYNiECOMA'NIA,  from  yvvn),  ywaiKoi,  'wo- 
man,' and  iiavia,  'mania,'  'rage.'  That  species 
of  insanity,  which  arises  from  love  for  women. 
Some  have  used  the  word  synonymously  with 
nymphomania. 

GYNECOMAZIA,  see  Gyncecomastus. 

GYNiECOMAS'TUS,  Gynmcomas'thus,  from 
yvvri,  yvvaiKos,  'woman,'  and  fiacTo^,  'a  breast.' 
A  man  whose  breasts  are  as  large  as  those  of  a 
woman.  —  Galen,  Ingrassias.  The  condition  ia 
called  Gynecoma'zia. 

A  considerable  enlargement  of  the  breasts  of  a 
female  was  formerly  called  GyncBcomas'ton. 

GYNECOMYS'TAX,  from  yvvr,,  yvraiKoi,  'wo- 
man, and  iivssral,  'the  beard.'  The  hair  on  the 
pubes  of  women. — Rolfink. 

GYNECOPHO'NUS,  from  ywn,  yi'vaivo?,  'wo- 
man,' and  (p^t>vt),  'voice.'  A  man  who  has  an 
effeminate  voice. 

GYNANDRIA,  Hermaphrodeity. 

GYNANDROP'SIS  PENTAPHYL'LA,  Cleo'- 
ne  pentaphyl'la.  Ord.  Capparidaceas ;  an  indi- 
genous plant,  is  possessed  of  diaphoretic  proper- 
tics.  The  juice  alone,  or  mixed  with  oil,  has  been 
used  in  earnche. 

GYNANDRUS,  Gvnanthropus. 

GYNANTHRO'PUS,  Gyna>t'drus.  An  her- 
maphrodite who  belongs  more  to  the  male  than 
to  the  female  sex. 

GYNATRE'SIA,  from  yovr/,  'a  woman,'  and 
arpriTos,  '  imperforate.'  Closure  or  imperforation 
of  the  external  parts  of  generation  of  the  female. 

GYNE,  Female,  Woman. 

GYNECOLOGY,  Gynieeologia. 

GYNIDA,  Hermaphrodite. 

GYNOARIUM,  Ovarium. 

GYNOCARDIA  ODORATA,  Chaulmoogra. 

GYNOPLAS'TIC,  Gynoplas'ticus,  from  ywr,, 
'  a  woman,'  and  TrXao-ffo),  '  I  form.'  The  gynoplas- 
tic  operation  is  employed  for  opening  or  dilating 
the  closed  or  contracted  genital  openings  of  the 
female. 

GYPSY-WEED,  Lycopus  sinuatus,  and  L.  Vir- 
ginicus. 

GYRI  CEREBRI,  Convolutions  (cerebral,)  — 
g.  Cochleae,  Scalae  of  the  Cochlea  —  g.  Intesti- 
nal es,  see  Ause. 

GYROMIA  VIRGINICA,  Bledeola  Virginica, 

GYROPHLE,  see  Eu2:enia  caryophyllata. 

GYROPHORA,  see  T)v>e  de  Roche. 

GYRUS,  Convolution — g.  Intestinalis,  Anse 
intestinale. 

GYRUS  FORNICA'TUS,  'Arched  convolu- 
tion.' Fillet  of  the  corpus  eallosum.  A  large  con- 
volution of  the  brain,  which  lies  horizontallj'  on 
the  corpus  eallosum,  and  may  be  traced  forwards 
and  backwards  to  the  base  of  the  brain,  termi- 
nating by  each  extremity  at  the  fissure  of  Syl- 
vius. The  surface  of  the  hemisphere,  where  it 
comes  in  contact  with  the  corpus  eallosum,  is 
bounded  bv  it. 

GYTLING,  Infans. 


HABBERING 


43  9 


HiEMATANGlONOSUS 


H. 


HABBERING,  Balbuties. 

HAB-BL-KALIMBAT,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

IIABBI,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

HABBLING,  Balbuties. 

HABE'NA.  A  Bridle,  Tel'amon.  A  bandage 
for  uniting  the  lips  of  wounds;  which,  in  many 
instances,  replaced  the  suture. — Galen. 

HABENiE  OF  THE  PINEAL  GLAND,  see 
Pineal  Gland. 

HABENUL^  OF  THE  PINEAL  GLAND, 
see  Pineal  Gland. 

HABIL'LA  DE  CARTHAGE'NA,  Bejuio, 
Carthage'na  Bean,  (F.)  Feve  de  Carthnghie.  A 
kind  of  bean  of  South  America,  famed  as  an  ef- 
fectual antidote  for  the  poison  of  all  serpents,  if  a 
small  quantity  be  eaten  immediately. 

HABIT,  Hahitu'do,  from  habere,  habitum,  '  to 
have  or  to  hold;'  Assuetu'do,  Mos,  Usus,  Consite- 
tu'do,  Ethof!,  's^iq,  Hexis,  Ethmos'yne,  (F.)  Habi- 
tude, Aceoittumance.  Habit  is  the  aptitude  for 
repeating  certain  acts:  —  or,  a  facility,  which  re- 
sults from  the  frequent  repetition  of  the  same  act. 
It  is,  according  to  vulgar  e.xpression,  'a  second 
nature.'  Habit  may  predispose  to  certain  dis- 
eases, or  it  may  protect  against  them.  It  ought 
not  to  be  lost  sight  of,  in  attending  to  the  pro- 
gress of  disease,  or  of  its  treatment. 

Habit  of  Body,  Constitu'tio,  Hab'xUi«,  H.  Cor' - 
'ports,  Oatas'tasis,  Hexis,  Epiphani' a,  (F.)  Habi- 
tude exterieure,  Habitude  du  corp)s.  The  aggre- 
gate of  the  physical  qualities  of  the  human  bodj'. 

HABITUDE,  Habit  — A.  (Zm  Corps,  Habit  of 
body — h.  Exterieure,  Habit  of  body. 

HABITUDO,  Habit. 

HABITUS,  Habit  of  body  — h.  Apoplecticus, 
Apoplectic  habit — h.  Corporis,  Habit  of  body — h. 
Quadratus,  see  Apoplectic  —  h.  Torosus,  see  Apo- 
plectic. 

HABROMA'NIA,  from  'aBpos,  'gay,'  and  navta, 
'mania.'  Insanity  in  which  the  delusions  are  of 
a  gay  character. 

HACHICH,  see  Bangue. 

HACHISCH,  Bangue. 

HACKBERRY,  Celtis  occidentalis,  Prunus 
padus. 

HADDOCK,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

H^MA,  'aiiia,  'aifnaTOi,  '  blood.' 

H^MACHROINE,  Hsematine. 
.  H^MACHRO'SES,  (  (G.)  Hiimachrosen,) 
irova  hmma,  and  ;)^p(i)o-«r,  'coloration.'  A  family 
of  diseases  in  which  the  blood  has  its  colour  dif- 
ferent from  usual,  as  in  purpura  and  cyanosis. — 
Fuchs. 

HuJlMACY'ANIN,  from  hcema,  and  Kvavoi, 
'blue.'  A  blue  colouring  matter,  detected  by  San- 
son in  healthy  blood,  and  in  bile  by  some  che- 
mists, but  not  by  others. 

H^MADON'OSUS,  from  hmma,  and  voaog,  'a 
disease.'  Hcematangion' osus,  Hmmatangionii' siis, 
Haintatangio'sis.     Disease  of  the  blood-vessels. 

H^MADOSTO'SIS,  from  hcema,  and  oorwan, 
'  a  bony  tumour.'  Ossification  of  the  blood-ves- 
sels. 

H^MADROMOMETER,  Hsemodromometer. 

H^MADYNAMETER,  Heemadynamometer. 

HiEMADYNAM'ICS,  (F.)  Hemadyuamiqne, 
fronaheBma,  and  Swaing,  'power.'  The  mechanical 
theory  of  the  circulation  of  the  blood. 


H^MADYNAMO  M'E  TER,  Hcemotodipm- 
mom'eter,  HcBmadtjitani' eter,  HcBmom'eter,  HcBma- 
tom'eter,  (F.)  Hemadyvametre,  Hemometre  ;  from 
hcema,  Swa/its,  'power,'  and  fit-rpov,  'a  measure.' 
An  instrument  for  measuring  ihe  force  of  the 
blood  in  the  vessels.  It  consists  of  a  bent  glass 
tube,  the  lower  bent  part  of  which  is  filled  with 
mercury.  A  brass  head  is  fitted  into  the  .nrtery, 
and  a  solution  of  carbonate  of  soda  is  interposed 
between  the  mercury  and  the  blood,  which  is  al- 
lowed to  enter  the  tube  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
venting its  coagulation.  The  pressure  of  the 
blood  on  the  mercury  in  the  descending  portion 
of  the  bent  tube  causes  the  metal  to  rise  in  the 
ascending  portion;  and  the  degree  to  which  it 
rises  indicates  the  pressure  under  which  the 
blood  moves. 

H^MAGASTER,  Haematogaster. 

H^MAGASTRIC  PESTILENCE,  Fever, 
yellow. 

H^MAGOGUM,  Psconia. 

H^EiMAGO'GUS,  from  hcema,  and  ayi:^,  'I 
drive  off.'  A  medicine  which  promotes  the  men- 
strual and  hemorrhoidal  discharges. 

HjEMAL,  from /icEHia.  Pi,elating  to  the  blood 
or  blood-vessels. 

H^irAL  Arch.  The  arch  formed  by  the  pro- 
jections anteriorly  of  the  ribs  and  sternum  from 
the  bodies  of  the  vertebrae.  It  encloses  the  great 
blood-vessels. — Owen. 

H^MAL  Axis,  Aorta — h.  Spine,  Sternum. 

H^EMALOPIA,  Hemophthalmia,  Hajmalopis. 

HiEMALOPIS,  HjEmophthalmia. 

H^MALOPS,  Hasmophthalmia. 

H^MAN'THUS  COCCIN'EUS.  A  beautiful 
South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Amaryllidea;,  the 
bulb  of  which  is  employed  as  a  diuretic.  It  is 
given  as  an  oxymel  in  asthma  and  dropsy.  The 
fresh  leaves  are  antiseptic,  and  applied  to  foul, 
flabby  ulcers,  and  in  anthrax. 

HiEMAPERITONIRRHAG"IA,  (F.)  Hema- 
peritonirrhagie ;  from  hcema,  nepiTovaiav,  'peri- 
toneum,' and  poyv,  'a  violent  rupture.'  An  ex- 
halation of  blood  into  the  peritoneum. 

H^MAPH^'IN,  Hcematophai'mn,  Hcemophce'- 
um,  from  hcema,  and  <patog,  'of  a  dusky  colour.' 
A  term  applied  by  Simon  to  the  brown  colouring 
matter  of  the  blood,  supposed  by  some  to  be  no- 
thing more  than  htematin  modified  by  an  alkali. 

HiEMAPH'OBUS,  Haemoph'obus,  from  hcpma, 
and  (pofioi,  '  dread.'  One  who  has  a  dread  of 
blood : — who  cannot  look  at  it  without  fainting. 

H^MAPOPHYSES,  Costal  cartilages,  see 
Costa. 

'iiMTAAYOV^'lA,HcBmatapor'ia,HcBmatopor'in, 
Oligohce'mia,  Oligce'mia,  from  hcema,  and  airopos, 
'poor.'     Paucity  of  blood.     See  Anaemia. 

H^MAPTYSIS,  Hsemoptysis. 

HJ5MAS,  'aifja;,  gen.  'aiiiaios.    A  blood-vessel 

H^MASTATICA,  HaBmatostatica. 

H^MASTAT'ICS,  Hcemastafice,  from  hcema, 
and  araTiKT},  'statics.'  The  statics  of  the  blood 
and  blood-vessels  ;   Hemastat'ics. 

H^MATANAGOGE,  Hajmatemesis. 

H  ^  M  A  T  A  L'L  0  S  COPY,  Hcematalloscojj'ia, 
from  hcema,  aWoiog,  'dift'erent,'  and  okotcuv,  'to 
view.'  The  mode  of  distinguishing  difiorent  kind« 
of  blood  from  each  other. — Toddei. 

H^MATANGIONOSUS,  HcPmadonosus 


H^EMATANGIOSIS 


440 


H.EMATODES 


H^MATANGIOSIS,  Hsemadonosus. 
H^MATAPORIA,  Hasmaporia. 
HiEMATAPORRHOSIS,  Cholera. 
H^MATAPOSTE'MA,  from  Kama,  and  aTroa- 
Trijia,  'an  abscess.'     An  abscess  -which  contains 
blood. 

HiEMATAULICA,  Vascular  system. 
HiEMATEC'LYSIS,  Hcemotex'ia,  Hcr.motex'is, 
HcBViatol'ysie,  HcBmatoseji'sis,  San'guinis  dissohi'- 
tio ;  from  hcema,  and  tK^vai;,  'loosening.'     Disso- 
lution of  the  blood. 

H^.MATEL^UM,  see  Blood. 
H^MATEM'ESIS,  from  hcema,  and  e^eu,  'I 
vomit.'  Hcemorrha'gra  Hcemaiem'esis,  Vom'itus 
cruen'tus,  Vom'itus  stn  Vomit" io  San'guinis,  Gas- 
trorrhag"ia,  Gastro-hcBmorrhag" ia,  H mmorrhag" - 
ia  veiitric'uli,  Hcemorrhoe' a  ventric'uli,  Hcemata- 
nago'ge.  Vomiting  of  Blood,  (F.)  Hematemese,  Vo- 
missement  de  sang.  Hagmatemesis  is  generally 
preceded  by  a  feeling  of  oppression,  weight,  and 
dull  or  pungent  pain  in  the  epigastric  and  in  the 
hypochondriac  regions;  by  anxiety,  and,  occa- 
sionally, by  syncope.  Blood  is  then  passed  by 
vomiting,  and  sometimes,  also,  by  stool, — the  blood 
being  generally  of  a  grumous  aspect.  Htemate- 
mesis  may  be  active  or  passive,  acute  or  chronic. 
The  blood  effused  proceeds  from  rupture  of  vessel, 
or  from  a  sanguineous  exhalation  at  the  sur- 
face of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach. 
It  is  often  observed  in  females  whose  menstrual 
secretion  is  irregularly  performed.  It  is  not  of 
much  danger,  except  when  connected  with  dis- 
ease of  some  of  the  solid  viscera  of  the  abdomen. 
On  dissection  of  those  who  have  died  from  pro- 
tracted hasmatemesis, — for  the  acute  kind  is  com- 
paratively devoid  of  danger, — the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  stomach  is  found  red  and  inflamed, 
or  black,  and  the  vessels  considerably  dilated. 
Complete  abstinence  from  food;  rest;  the  hori- 
zontal posture;  bleeding,  if  the  hemorrhage  be 
active ;  cold,  acidulous  drinks,  &,c,  constitute  the 
usual  treatment. 

HiEMATENCEPHALUM,  Apoplexy. 
HiEMATEPAGOGE,  Congestion. 
H^MATERA,  Hepatirrhoea. 
H^MATERUS,  Sanguine. 
H^MATERYTHRUM,  Hasmatin. 
HiEMATEXOSTOSIS,  Osteosarcoma. 
HiEMATHIDROSIS,  Sudor  cruentus. 
H^EMATHORAX,  Htematothoras. 
HEMATIC,   Sanguine  —  h.  Crystals,  Hasma- 
toidin. 

HiEMATIASIS,  Hjematonosus. 
.     H^MAT'ICA,  from  haima.      Diseases  of  the 
sanguineous  function: — the   third  class  in  the 
nosology  of  Good.     Also,  medicines  that  act  on 
the  blood. — Pereira. 

Hjematica  Doctrina,  Ilsematology. 
H^MATICUS,  Sanguine. 
H^MATIDROSIS,  Sudor  cruentus. 
HjE'MATIN,  Hcemati'na,  Hem' aline,  Ha'ma- 
tosin,  Hem'atosine,  Hmmater'ythrum,  Hmmer'y- 
thnim,  Zooliem'atin,  Hemachro'in,  Hematocro' ine, 
Gli'adine,  Phoe'nodine,  Phoe'nicine,  Hmmato- 
chro'ite,  Cru'orin,  Rnhrin,  Gloh' ulin  of  some ; 
Rovge  du  Sang ;  from  hama.  The  red  colouring 
matter  of  the  blood.  It  resides  in  distinct  parti- 
cles or  globules,  and,  in  the  opinion  of  some  ob- 
servers, in  the  envelope  of  the  globules.  It  ap- 
pears to  be  of  a  peculiar  character,  and  one  that 
has  not  yet  been  determined  by  the  chemist. 
That  the  colour  of  the  blood  is  not  owing  to  the 
peroxide  of  iron  which  it  contains  is  shown  by 
the  fact  mentioned  by  Scherer,  that  he  removed 
the  iron  by  acids,  and  yet  a  deep  red  tincture  was 
formed  when  alcohol  was  added  to  the  residuum. 


H^MATIX'IC,  HcBmatin'icus  :  from  hcEmatin, 
'  the  red  colouring  matter  of  the  blood.'  An  agent 
that  augments  the  number  of  red  corpuscles  of  the 
blood. — Pereira. 

H^MATINIC  CRYSTALS,  Haematoidin, 

H^MATIKUS,  Sanguine. 

II^MATIS'CHESIS,  IIcBmis'chesis,  Hamo- 
cryph'ia,  from  ha-ma,  and  lax^i-v,  '  to  suppress.' 
The  retention  or  suppression  of  a  natural  or  arti- 
ficial flow  of  blood. 

H^MATISMUS,  Epistaxis,  Haemorrhagia. 

H^MATISTH'MUS,  from  hama,  and  ladixus, 
'pharynx.'     Hemorrhage  into  the  pharynx. 

H^MATrTES,i/(PM(ah''</.?,  from  'aijia,  'blood,' 
Resembling  blood.  Lapis  Ilcemati'ies.  A  beau- 
tiful ore  of  iron,  called  also,  Bloodstone,  O'chrea 
rubra,  Ox'ydum  fer'rieum  crystalliza'tum  nati'- 
iium,  Ferrum  Hamatites.  When  finely  levigated, 
and  freed  from  the  grosser  parts,  by  frequent 
washings  with  water,  it  has  been  long  recom- 
mended in  hemorrhage,  fluxes,  uterine  obstruc- 
tions, &c.,  in  doses  of  from  one  scruple  to  three  or 
four.     Also,  a  vessel  that  contains  blood,  'aifian- 

H^MATMUS,  Gaz  sanguinis. 

H^MATOCATHAR'TICA,  from  hcuma,  and 
Kadapat;,  '  purification  or  purgation.'  Remedies 
for  purif3ang  the  blood. 

H^MATOCE'LE,  from 'ai^a,  'aiyuaros,  'blood,' 
and  Kn^rj,  'tumour.'  A  tumour  formed  by  blood. 
By  some,  this  term  has  been  applied  to  a  tumour 
formed  by  blood,  effused  into  the  areolar  texture 
of  the  scrotum.  Others  have  used  it  for  tumours 
arising  from  effusion  of  blood  into  the  tunica  va- 
ginalis:— haematocele,  according  to  them,  differ- 
ing from  hydrocele,  only  in  the  character  of  the 
efiusion. — Heister.  Others,  again,  have  applied 
it  to  effusions  of  blood  into  the  interior  of  the 
tunica  albuginea  itself.  —  Richter.  The  first  is 
the  usual  acceptation.  It  is  most  commonly 
caused  by  wounds  or  contusions  ;  and  requires 
the  use  of  antiphlogisties,  discutients,  &c.  Some- 
times it  is  necessary  to  evacuate  the  effused  blood. 

HiEiiATOCELE  Arteriosa,  Aneurism. 

H^MATOCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Hematoeephale. 
A  monster  in  which  an  effusion  of  blood  on  the 
brain  has  given  occasion  to  more  or  less  singular 
deformities. 

H^MATO-CEREBRIFORM  DISEASE,  En- 
cephaloid. 

H^MATOCHE'ZIA,  from  ^ffima,and  j(;£^u,  'I 
go  to  stool.'  Sedes  cruen'tcB,  Catarrhex'is  vera, 
Enterorrhag"ia  simplex,  Diarrhoe'a  crnenta  seu 
sanguinolen'ta,H(B'mato-diarrhoe'a,  HcBmorvhag"- 
ia  intestino'rum,  En'tero-licBmorrhag"ia,  (F.)  He- 
morrhagie  des  intestins,  B'coul-ement  de  sang  par 
I'lutestin.      Discharrge  of  blood   by  stool.      See 

H^MATOCHROITE,  Hamatin. 

HiEMATOCHYSIS,  Haemorrhagia. 

H^MATOCCE'LIA,  from  liama,  and  KoiAia, 
'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  Effusion  of  blood 
into  the  abdomen. 

H^MATOCOL'PUS,  from  JicBma,  and  /coAtto;, 
'vagina.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  vagina. 
Accumulation  of  blood,  owing  to  occlusion  of  the 
vagina. 

HiEMATOCRYSTALLIN,  Hsematoidin. 

H^MATOCYANOPATHIA,  Cyanopathy. 

H^MATOCYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy. 

HiEMATOCYSTE,  Hsematoma  saccatum. 

H^MATOCYST'IS,  from  Jiama,  and  kvoti;, 
'bladder.'     Hemorrhage  into  the  bladder.      , 

H^MATO'DES,  HamatoVdes,  Sanguin'eua, 
Hm'matoid,  Hem'atoid,  from  licBma,  and  tt^oj, 
'  appearance.'  That  which  contains  blood,  or  has 
the  character  of  blood. 


H^MATODIARRHCEA 


441 


H^MATORRH(EA 


Hj5MATodes  Fungus,  Hcematomi/'ces,  Fungus 
caitero'sus  hcBmato'des,  Melm'nafungo'sa  carcino  - 
des,  Angidiospon' gua,  Angiomy'ces,  HcBmatonpon  - 
gus,  Tumor  fango'sus  sanguiu'eus  seu  anom'alus, 
Carcino'ma  HcBmato' des,  Carcino'ma  Spoiigw  - 
sum,  Spon'goid  -inflammation.  Pulpy  or  Iled'ul- 
lat-y  Sarco'ma,  Bleeding  Fungus,  Soft  Cancer,  (F.) 
Carcinomesanglant,  Hematonciefongoide.  An  ex- 
tremely alarming  carcinomatous  affection,  which 
was  first  described,  with  accurac}',  by  Mr.  John 
Burns,  of  Glasgow.  It  consists  in  the  develop- 
ment of  cancerous  tumours,  in  which  the  inflam- 
mation is  accompanied  with  violent  heat  and  pain, 
and  with  fungus  and  bleeding  excrescences.  Even 
when  the  diseased  part  is  extirpated  at  a  very 
early  period,  recovery  rarely  follows  ;  other  or- 
gans being  generally  implicated  at  the  same  time. 
Fungus  hfematodes  was  the  term  first  applied  to 
the  disease  by  Mr.  Hey  of  Leeds.  Mr.  J.  Burns 
called  it  Spongoid  inflammation,  from  the  spongy, 
elastic  feel,  which  peculiarly  characterizes  it,  and 
continues  even  after  ulceration  has  taken  place. 
The  disease  has,  most  frequently,  been  met  with 
in  the  eyeball,  the  upper  and  lower  extremities, 
testicle  and  mamma;  but  it  occurs  in  the  uterus, 
ovary,  liver,  spleen,  brain,  lungs,  thyroid  gland, 
and  in  the  hip  and  shoulder-joint. 

Some  French  surgeons  designate,  by  this  name, 
those  tumours  which  were  formerly  termed  anor- 
males,  caverneuses,  variqueuses,  called  Erectiles 
by  Dupuytren,  Hematoncies,  by  Alibert,  and  Te- 
langiectasia by  Grafe. 

H^MATODIARRHCEA,  Hajmatochezia. 

H^MATODYNAMOMETER,  H»madynamo- 
meter. 

H^MATOGASTER,  from  Jimma,  and  yaarnp, 
'stomach.'     Effusion  of  blood  into  the  stomach. 

H^MATOGEXETICA,  Hsematopoetica. 

H/EMATOGLOBULIN,  see  Globules  of  the 
blood. 

H^^MATOGRA'PHrA,  HcBmatog'raphy,  from 
hmma,  and  yoa<pri,  'a.  description.'  A  description 
of  the  blood. 

H^MATOID,  Hsematodes. 

U^MATOID'IN,  Bsmafocrys'tallin,  Hmma- 
tin'ic,  hmmatic,  hcsmin  or  blood  crystals,  (F.) 
Hemato'idine,  Crystaux  d'Hematine.  A  substance 
found  in  the  midst,  or  in  the  vicinity,  of  effusions 
of  blood,  which  is  either  in  amorphous  masses, 
or,  more  frequently,  in  minute  rhomboidal  crys- 
tals, or  in  fine  needles.  It  is  considered  to  be 
hematosin  separated  from  the  globules  of  the 
blood,  and  passed  from  the  state  of  a  non-crystal- 
lizable  organic  substance  to  one  of  a  crystalline 
chemical  compound. 

HMMATOL'OGY,  Hemaforogy,HcBmatolog"ia, 
HcBmat' iea  doctri'na,  (F.)neniatologie,  from  hcBma, 
and  Aoyuc,  'a  discourse.'  That  part  of  medicine 
which  treats  of  the  blood. 

HEMATOLOGY,  Patholog"ical,  (F.)  Hematolo- 
gic pathologique.  Observation  of  the  blood  to 
detect  its  varying  characters  in  disease. 

HJEMATOL'YSES,  (G.)  Hamatolysen, 
from  hmma,  and  Auo-if,  'solution.'  An  order  of 
diseases  in  which  there  is  diminished  coagulabi- 
lity of  the  blood. — Fuchs. 

H^MATOLYSIS,  Hfemateclysis. 

H^MATOLYTICUM,  Spanjemie. 

HiEMATO'MA,  Thrombus,  Tumor  sanguin'eus. 
A  bloody  tumour,  especially  of  the  scalp  of  the 
new-born. 

Hjemato'jia  Sacca'tum.  An  encysted  tumour 
containing  blood — Hoematocys'te. 

H^MATOMAN'TI'A,  from  hama,  and  jxavrua, 
'divination.'  Judgment  of  disease  from  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  blood. 

H^MATOMATRA,  Metrorrhagia. 


HiEMATOMETACHYSIS,  Transfusio  san- 
guinis. 

H^MATOMETRA,  Metrorrhagia. 
H^MATOMMA,  Hsemophthalmia. 
H^MATOMPHALOCE'LE,  Hcemafom'pha- 
lum,  HcBmatompha' Ins,  from  hcema,  oyL({,a\oi,  'the 
navel,' and  kjjA??,  'a  tumour.'  Umbilical  hernia, 
the  sac  of  which  encloses  a  bloody  serum,  or 
which  has,  at  its  surface,  a  number  of  varicose 
veins;  constituting  Varicom'phalus. 

H^MATOMPHALUM,  Hasmatomphalocele. 
HjEMATOMYCES,  Ha3matodes  fungus. 
H.a;MATON'CUS,  {'F.)Hematoncie,  fromhcema, 
and  oyKos,  'a  tumour.'  Alibert  has  given  this 
name  to  Navi  mater'ni.  Varicose  tnnwurs.  He 
admits  three  varieties :  —  the  H.  fongo'ide,  H. 
framboisee,  and  H.  tubereuse. 

HiEMATON'OSUS,  Hatmati'asis,  Hcematopa- 
thi'a,  Hamopathi' a,  from  hmma,  and  voaos,  'dis- 
ease.' A  disease  of  the  blood.  A  hminie  or 
blood-disease, 

H^MATOPATHIA,  Hsematonosus. 
H^MATOPEDESIS,  see  Diapedesis. 
H^MATOPERICA  R'D  I  U  M,  from  hcema, 
and  TT£piKai>Siov,  'pericardium.'     Effusion  of  blood 
into  the  pericardium. 

H^MATOPH^UM,  Hsemaphffiin. 

H^MATOPHIL'IA,  Easmophil'ia,  Hmmorrho- 
phil'ia,Idiosyncra'sia  h(Bmorrhag"ica,  from  hmma, 
and  (pt'Xcij,  'I  love.'     A  hemorrhagic  diathesis. 

H^MATOPHLEBES'TASIS.  Sudden  sup- 
pression of  a  hemorrhage;  —  from  aracts  'aijiaro^ 
0A£i3a)v,  'suppression  of  the  blood  of  the  veins.' — 
Galen. 

H^MATOPHOB'IA,  Hmmophob'ia,  from  hm- 
ma, and  (;f)oj3o?,  'dread.'  Dread  or  horror  at  the 
sight  of  blood,  producing  syncope,  &o. 

H^MATOPHTHALMIA,  Hajmophthalmia. 

H^MATOPH'THORES,  (G.)  Hiimatoph- 
thoren;  from  hmma,  and  ipdopa,  'corruption.' 
An  order  of  diseases  in  the  classification  of  Fuchs, 
in  which  the  blood  is  materially  altered  in  com- 
position, as  in  typhus. 

H^MATOP'ISIS,  (F.)  Hematopisie.  M.  Ca- 
puron,  of  Paris,  has  applied  the  term  Hematopisie 
uterine,  from  analogy  with  Hydrnpisie  ziterine,  to 
a  collection  of  blood  which  sometimes  takes  place 
in  the  uterus,  when,  owing  to  faulty  conforma- 
tion, the  exit  of  the  menstrual  flux  is  prevented. 

H^MATOPLA'NIA,  Hmmatoplane'ais,  from 
hmma,  and  -nXavri,  'wandering.'  A  vicarious  he- 
morrhage. 

Hematoplania  Menstrualis,  Menstruation, 
vicarious. 

H^MATOPLASMA,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

H^MATOPLETHORA,  Plethora. 

HiEMATOPCEA,  Hsematopoetica. 

H^MATOPOESIS,  Hsematosis. 

H^MATOPOET'ICA,  Hmmatopce'a,  Hmmato- 
genet'iea,  'bloodmakers,'  from  hmma,  and  ttouui, 
'I  make.'  Agents  that  favour  hsematosis.  Iron 
was  called  by  the  ancients  metal'lum  hamatopoet' - 
icum. 

H^MATOPOIESIS,  Haematosis. 

H^MATOPORIA,  Hffimaporia. 

HiEMATOPS,  Hajmophthalmia. 

H^MATOPSIA,  Hsemophthalmia. 

HiEMATOPTYSIA,  Haemoptysis. 

H^MATOPTYSIS,  Haemoptysis. 

HxEMATORRHACHIS,  Apoplexia  myelitic^. 

H^MATORRHAGIA,  Hiemorrhagia. 

HuEMATORRHCEA,  H^morrhagia. 


H^EMATORRHOSIS 


44; 


HJ3M0METRECTASIA 


HiSMATORRIIOSIS,  Cholera. 

H^MATORRHYSIS,  Hsemorrhagia. 

H^MAT0SCHE0CE'LE,iycBwoscAeoce7e,5dB- 
matos'cheuin,  from  hcenia,  o(t;)^£ov,  'scrotum,'  and 
KtjXri,  'rupture.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  scro- 
tum. 

H^MATOSCHEUM,  Hsematoscheoeele. 

H^MATOSCOP'IA,  Hmmoscop'ia,  (F.)  Hemor- 
rhoscopie,  from  hcBma,  and  cKotnui,  '  I  view.'  An 
examination  of  blood  drawn. 

HiEMATOSEPSIS,  HEemateclysis. 

HiEMATOSIN,  Hsematin, 

H^MATO'SIS,  Excsmato'sia,  EnTicBmato'sia, 
HcBmatopoie' si&,  Hamatopoe' sis,  Procrea'tio  san- 
guinis, Decarhoniza' tion  or  Atmospheriza' tion  of 
the  blood,  Sanguijica'tion ;  from  hcBina.  The 
transformation  of  the  venous  blood  and  chyle 
into  arterial  blood  by  respiration.  Called,  also, 
Aeration,  and  Arterializa'tion,  of  the  blood.  For- 
mation of  blood  in  general. 

H^MATOSPILIA,  Purpura  hsmorrhagiea. 

H^MATOSPONGUS,  Heematodes  fungus. 

H^MATOSTAT'ICA,  from  hmma,  and  araTiKti, 
'statics.'  IschcB'mia,  Hcemastat'ica,  JJcBiiiatostat'- 
ics,  JJcBtnostat'ics,  Hematostat'icH,  Hemostat'ics, 
Enm'ma,  (F.)  Hematostatiques,  Hemastatiques, 
Hhnostatiqnes.  The  doctrine  of  the  motion  of 
the  blood  in  living  bodies.  Also,  remedies  for 
stopping  blood.     Styptics. 

HiEMATOS'TEON,  from  hmmn,  and  octzov,  'a 
bone.'    Effusion  of  blood  into  the  bones  or  joints. 

H^MATOSYMPHORESIS,  Congestion. 

HiEMATOSYNAGOGE,  Congestion. 

HiEMATOTELANGIOSIS,  Telangiectasia. 

H^MATOTHO'RAX,  Emmatho' rax,  Hcemo- 
iho'rax,  IfcBmop'tysis  inter'na,  Pleurorrhce' a  san- 
guin' ea jPleuro rrhag" ia ,P nenmorrhag" ia  inter'na, 
IIemorrhay"io  Pleu'risy,  Pleural  hem'orrhage, 
from  hcsma,  and  Biopa^,  'the  chest.'  Extravasa- 
tion of  blood  into  the  chest. 

HiEMATOXYLON,  II.  Campechianum. 

H^MATOX'YLON  CAMPECHIA'NUM, 
from  hcsma,  and  ^v\ov,  '  wood.'  Aca'cia  Zeylon'ica, 
Logivood.  The  part  of  the  tree  used  in  medicine 
is  the  wood,  Hcematox'yli  Lignum,  Lignum  Cam- 
pechen'se  sen  Campechia'num  seu  Campesea'num 
seu  Ln'dictim  seu  Sappan  seu  Brasilia'num  ru- 
briim  seu  caru'leiim,  Hmmatox' ylon  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
(F.)  Bois  de  Campeche.  Family,  Leguminoste. 
Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia.  Logwood  is 
almost  inodorous;  of  a  sweetish,  subastringent 
taste;  and  deep  red  colour.  Its  virtues  are  ex- 
tracted both  by  water  and  alcohol.  It  is  astrin- 
gent and  tonic,  and  is  used  in  the  protracted 
stage  of  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 

H^MATOZO'A,  (F.)  Hematozoaires,  from 
hcsma,  and  ^oiov,  'animal.'    Entozoain  the  blood. 

H^MATURESIS,  Hfematuria. 

H^MATU'RIA,  Hcsmature'sis,  from  hcsma, 
and  ovpew,  'I  make  urine.'  Voiding  of  blood  by 
urine.  HcBmorrhag'''ia  hcsmatu'ria,  H.  ex  viis 
urina'riis,  Hcsmure'sis,  Hcsmu'ria,  Ulictio  Cruen'ta 
seu  Sanguin'ea,  llictus  Cruen'tus  seu  Sanguineus, 
HcsmorrhcB'a  via'rum  urinaria'rum.  Sanguis  in 
Uri'na,  Bloody  urine,  (F.)  Pissement  de  Sang, 
Hematurie.  Hemorrhage  from  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  urinary  passages.  Like  other  he- 
morrhages, it  may  be  active  or  passive.  It  may 
proceed  from  the  kidneys,  Nephr(Bmorrhag"ia, 
bladder,  or  urethra.  The  essential  symptoms 
are: — blood,  evacuated  by  the  urethra;  preceded 
by  pain  in  the  region  of  the  bladder  or  kidneys, 
and  accompanied  by  faintness.  Whenccsoever 
it  proceeds,  hsematuria  usually  takes  place  by 
exhalation.     Rupture  of  vessels  is  by  no  means 


common  in  the  mucous  membranes.  Active  hce- 
maturia  requires  general  or  local  blood-letting! 
diluent  and  cooling  drinks;  absolute  rest;  and 
the  horizontal  posture.  The  chronic  kind  is 
more  troublesome.  It  requires  acidulated  or 
aluminous  drinks;  ehalybeates  and  tonics  in 
general.  AVhen  hsematuria  is  excessive,  cold 
injections  may  be  thrown  into  the  rectum  or  into 
the  vagina  of  women,  and  topical  applications  be 
made  to  the  perinajum. 

HEMATURIA  Cystica,  Cystorrhagia — h.  Ejacu- 
latoria,  Spermatocystidorrhagia  —  h.  Seminalis, 
Spermatocystidorrhagia — h.  Stillatitia,  Urethror- 
rbagia. 

H^MATUS,  from  hmma,  and  ovs,  gen.  utoj, 
'the  ear.'     Effusion  of  blood  into  the  ear. 

II^MAXIS,  Blood-letting. 

H^MENCEPHALUS,  Apoplexy. 

HiEMENDOCAR'DIUM,  (F.)  Hemendoearde, 
from  hcsma,  and  ' endocardixim,'  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  heart.  Inflammation  of  the  lining 
membrane  of  the  heart. 

H^MERYTHRUM,  Haematin. 

HMMIG,  Hcs'micus,  from  hcsma,  'blood.'  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  blood;  as  a  "hsemie 
disease," — a  blood  disease. 

H^MIDROSIS,  see  Diapedesis. 

H^xMIN  CRYSTALS,  see  Hsematoidin. 

H^MISCHESIS,  Hffimatischesis. 

HJdlMI'TIS,  from  'aij^a,  'blood,'  and  itis,  a 
suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  blood.  (F.)  Hemite.  The  alteration  of  the 
blood  that  occurs  in  inflammatory  diseases. — 
Piorry. 

H^MO-ARTHRITIS,  Rheumatism  (acute). 

H^MOCARDIORRHAG"IA,  ifemocar'dn.ni, 
Apoplex'ia  cordis.  Apoplexy  of  the  heart,  (F.) 
Hemorrhagic  ou  Apoplccie  du  Coeur,  Hemocarde, 
from  hcBma,  Kapiia,  'the  heart,'  and  'prjyvvm,  'I 
break  forth.'  Eti'usion  of  blood  into  the  substance 
of  the  heart. 

H^EMOCARDIUM,  Hsemoeardiorrhagia. 

H^MOCERCH'NOS.  This  term  has  received 
two  acceptations,  owing  to  the  different  senses 
in  which  Ks.p;^,'"'^  's  employed;  signifying,  some- 
times, hissing;  at  Others,  dry.  Consequently, 
the  Hellenists  have  translated  the  compound 
word,  at  times,  by  spitting  of  blood,  with  hisBing 
in  the  throat;  at  others,  by  evacuation  of  dry 
matters.  ' 

H^MOCRY'PHIA,  Hsematischesis. 

H^MODES,  Sanguine. 

H^MO'DIA,  HcBmodias'mns,  Hemo'dia,  He- 
betu'do  seu  Stupor  Den'tium,  from  'atiiuSeo),  ('aifia, 
'blood,'  and  oiovs,  'tooth,')  'I  have  pain  in  the 
teeth.'  Pain  in  the  teeth,  and  more  especially 
Agacement,  or  the  setting  on  edge  of  those  bodies 
by  acid  or  acerb  substances.  It  is  also  called 
Odon'tia  Stiqw'ris,  OdontaV'gia  hcsmo' dia ,  Dulor 
den'tium  d  strido're,  Cataplex'is,  Odontambli/og'- 
mus,  Odonthypercssthe'sis,  Tooth-edge. 

H^MODIASMUS,  Hismodia. 

H^MODROMOM'ETER,  Hcsmadromom'eter, 
from  hcsma,  ipoftos,  'course,'  and  iitTpov,  'a  mea- 
sure.' An  instrument  for  measuring  the  rate  of 
the  blood's  movement.  It  consists  of  a  glass 
tube,  52  inches  long,  containing  water,  bent  into 
the  form  of  a  hair-pin,  which  is  substituted  for  a 
segment  of  the  bloodvessel,  the  velocity  of  the 
blood  in  which  it  is  required  to  measure.  The 
column  of  blood,  which  comes  from  the  heart, 
pushes  the  column  of  water  before  it,  and  thus 
enables  the  velocity  of  the  blood  to  be  estimated. 

HyEMOIDES,  Sanguine. 

H^MOMETRECTA'SIA,  from  hcema,  unrpa, 


H^MOPATHIA 


443 


H^MORRHAGIA 


'uterus,'  and  tKraati,  'dilatation.'     Dilatation  of 
the  womb  from  liloi  d. 

H^MOPATHIA,  Hajmatonosus. 

H^MOPERICAR'DIUM,  Pericardi'tis  exsu- 
dato'ria,  (F.)  Hemopericarde,  from  'aifia,  'blood,' 
and  pei-icardium.  Effusion  of  blood  into  the 
pericardium. 

H^MOPEEITOuS^^'UM,  from  hcsma,  and 
TtpiTovaiov,  'peritoneum.'  Effusion  of  blood  into 
the  peritoneum. 

H^MOPEX'IiE,  (G.)  Hiimopexien,  from 
hcBina,  and  1:17^1;,  'coagulation.'  An  order  of 
diseases  in  which  there  is  increased  coagulabi- 
lity of  the  blood.  —  Hyperino'sia  san'yuinis. — 
Fuehs. 

HJiMOPHEUM,  Hsemaphein. 

H/EMOPHILIA,  Hsematophilia. 

HOMOPHOBIA,  Hajmatophobia. 

HOMOPHTHAL '  MIA,  HcBmatophtlial '  mia, 
EcBinatop' sia,  from  haema,  and  oiitQa}^noi,  'eye.' 
HcBnialo'pia,  HcBmalo'jii-i,  Hm'malopn,  Hijj-jcb' mia 
seu  Apoplex'ia  oc'uli.  Effusion  of  blood  into  the 
eye.  When  the  extravasation  is  external,  it  is 
called  HcBmophthal' mia  exter'na,  Hijpiospliacj'ma 
and  H(smalops  externus ;  when  internal,  Hainoph- 
thal'mia  inter'na,  Ifydi-ophtkal'mus  cruen'tns,  Hij- 
2)och'ysis  hcBmato' des,  HcBmatom' ma,  and  Ha'ma- 
lop>s  inter'nus.     A  blood-shot  eye. 

HOMOPLANIA  MENSTPvUALIS,  Menstrua- 
tion, vicarious. 

HOMOPLETHORA,  Plethora. 

HOMOPROCTIA,  Hsemorrhois. 

HOMOPTOE,  Haemoptysis— h.  Laryngea  et 
Trachealis,  Tracheorrhagia. 

HOMOPTOSIS,  Hemoptysis. 

Hx5;M0P'TYSIS,  from  hcema,  and  tttvu},  'I 
spit.'  Spitting  of  hlood,  Hmmorrhng" ia  Hamop' - 
tysia,  Hmmap'iysis,  Mmmatoptys'ia,  Hcsmatop)'- 
tysis,  Emj/toe,  Emop'toe,  Empto'ica  pas'sio,  Hcb- 
moptyn' tnns,  Hwmopto'sis,  Sputum  sang'uinis  sen 
cruen'tum,  San' guinis  fluor  pulmo'num,  Emopto'- 
ica  pas'sio,  Hcemotis' mus,  HcBmorrhoa'a  jndmona'- 
lis,  Craen'ta  exspui'tio,  H(Bmorrhag"ia  p)ulmo'nis 
seu  hron'cJiica,  Pas'sio  hcemopto'ica,  Pejec'tio 
sang'iiinis  e pulmo'nibus,  Expectora'tio  sang' uinia, 
Pneumorr7iag"ia,Pneumonorrhag"ia,P))enmonor- 
rJice'a,  Bronchorrhag"ia,  Emp'tysis,  Hamop'toe, 
(F.)  Henioptysie,  C'rachement  de  sang,  Expectora- 
tion de  sang,  Angiairhemie,  Angiairrhagie,  Hemo- 
angiain-hagie.  —  Piorry.  Hemorrhage  from  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  lungs;  characterized 
by  the  expectoration  of  more  or  less  florid  and 
froth}'  blood.  It  is  generally  preceded  by  cough; 
dyspnoea;  sense  of  heat  in  the  chest,  &c.  It  is 
important  to  discriminate  between  heemoptysis, 
produced  by  some  accidental  cause  acting  irre- 
gularly or  periodically  on  the  lungs;  and  that 
which  is,  as  it  were,  constitutional,  and  dependent 
on  some  organic  affection  of  the  lungs,  or  some 
faulty  conformation  of  the  chest.  These  two 
varieties  differ  as  much  in  their  prognosis  and 
method  of  treatment  as  in  their  causes.  Consti- 
tutional hEemoptysis  is  a  serious  disease,  almost 
always  announcing  phthisis  pulmonalis.  The  ac- 
cidental variety  is  chiefly  dangerous  by  frequent 
recurrence,  or  too  great  loss  of  blood. 

The  general  causes  of  heemoptysis  are  the  same 
as  those  of  other  kinds  of  hemorrhage.  It  has, 
besides,  particular  causes;  such  as  too  great  ex- 
ercise of  the  lungs;  loud  speaking;  playing  on 
wind  instruments,  breathing  acrid  vapours,  &c. 
It  usually  occurs  between  puberty  and  the  age 
of  35.  A  sudden  and  terrific  kind  of  haemoptysis 
is  sometimes  met  with;  consisting  in  a  great 
afllux  of  blood  to  the  lungs.  This  has  been 
called  Pul'monory  Ap'oplexy,  Apoplex'ia  pidmo- 
ua'lis  seu  pulmo'num,  Pneumorrhag"ia,  In/arc'tus 


hamorrliag" icus pulmo'num,  I.  Tiamopto' icus La'in- 
nec'ii,  (F.)  Apoplexie  jyulmonaire,  Jlemoptysie  fou- 
droyante,  Meniorrhag'ie  interstitielle  du  Ponmon. 
Infiltration  of  blood  into  the  air-cells  may  occur 
without  any  haemoptysis. 

Physical  signs.  Percussion  may  not  always 
aid  us  in  hjemoptysis,  but  generally  a  circum- 
scribed dulness  will  be  perceived.  The  inspira- 
tory murmur,  on  auscultation,  is  feeble  or  absent, 
locally;  and  is  replaced  by  bronchial  respiration 
and  bronchophony.  A  fine  liquid  crepitus  is  de- 
tected around  the  affected  part:  and  in  the  larger 
tubes,  near  the  spine,  a  liquid  bubbling  rhonchus 
is  usually  heard.  The  value  of  these  signs  is  de- 
termined by  the  nature  of  the  expectoration.  The 
treatment  of  haemoptysis  must  be  like  that  of  in- 
ternal hemorrhage  in  general. 

H^^ropTYSis  Interna,  Haematothorax — h.  La- 
ryngea  et  Trachealis,  Tracheorrhagia — h.  Phthi- 
sis, Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

HOMOPTYSMUS,  Hsemoptysis. 

HOMORMESIS,  Congestion,  Hyperosmia. 

HOMORRHACHIS,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

HEMORRHAGE,  Htemorrhagia. 

HiEMORRHAG"IA,  from  hama,  and  piryvviit, 
'  I  break  forth.'  Snn'gninis  jjrojlu'vium  copio'sum, 
Sanguiflux'vs,  Hamatoch'ysis,  Aimorrhce'a,  ffcB- 
morrhce'a,  H(Bmatorrhag"ia,  Hcematis'mus,  Hce- 
matorrhoe'o,  HcRniator'rhysis,  Hmmorr'ltysis,  Pro- 
flu'viuni  seu  Prorup'tio  seu  Erupt-io  sanguinis, 
Profu'sio  Sang'uinis,  Hem'orrhage,  Hemorrhage, 
Bleeding,  Loss  of  hlood.  Rupturing,  bursting,  or 
breaking  of  a  blood-vessel,  (Prov.)  Floating,  (F.) 
Hemorrhagic  ou  Hemnrhagie,  Perte  de  sang,  Flux 
de  sang.  Any  discharge  of  blood  from  vessels 
destined  to  contain  it;  with  or  without  rupture  of 
their  coats.  Hemorrhages  may  be  spontaneous  or 
traumatic:  the  first  belong  to  the  domain  of  me- 
dicine, the  latter  to  that  of  surgery.  They  may, 
also,  be  internal  or  external;  general  —  as  in 
scurvy — or  local.  The  hemorrhages  by  exhaJatioti 
—  those  which,  chiefly  interest  the  physician  — 
have  been  classed,  by  Pinel,  as  follows:  —  1.  He- 
morrhage of  the  J/ucous  Jlemhranes ;  Epistaxis, 
Haamoptysis,  Haematemesis,  Haemorrhoids,  Hse- 
maturia.  Uterine  Hemorrhage.  2.  Hemorrhage  of 
the  Tissues  ;  Cutaneous,  Cellular,  Serous,  Synovial. 

Hemorrhages  have  generally  been  distinguished 
into  active  and  j^assive  :  in  other  words  into  those 
dependent  upon  augmentation  of  the  organic  ac- 
tions, and  those  dependent  upon  debility.  Ac- 
cording to  Broussais,  no  spontaneous  hemorrhage 
is  passive;  all  are  active,  —  that  is,  produced  by 
increased  action  and  excess  of  irritation  of  the 
blood-vessels :  they  may  occur  with  debility,  but 
not  from  debility.  He  calls  those  only  passive 
hemorrhages,  which  are  owing  to  an  external 
lesion  of  the  vessels.  Hemorrhages  have  been, 
by  some,  divided  into  constitutional,  or  those  de- 
pending on  original  conformation:  —  accidental, 
or  those  produced  by  some  adventitious  cause; 
supplementary,  or  those  which  succeed  others; 
symptomatic,  critical,  kc.  A  secondary  hemor- 
rhage is  one  that  occurs  some  time  after  wounds 
or  operations. 

When  hemorrhage  takes  place  into  any  tissue, 
or  is  interstitial,  it  receives  the  name,  with  many, 
of  apoplexy . 

Active  Hemorrhage,  Hemorrhng"ia  acti'va  sea 
arterio'sa,  Cauma  hcp.morrhag'icum,  Angeior- 
rhag"ia,  occurs  chiefly  in  the  young  and  pletho- 
ric. Good  living;  the  use  of  fermented  liquor — 
excessive  exercise,  or  too  sedentary  a  life,  may 
perhaps  be  ranked  as  predisponent  causes.  It  is 
commonly  preceded  by  heaviness  and  pulsation 
in  the  part,  —  owing  to  the  afflux  of  blood  and 
consequent  hypersemia, — and  by  coldness  of  thef 
extremities.     The  blood,  evacuated,  is  g(  nerally 


H^MORRHINIA 


444 


H.EMORRIIOIS 


of  a  florid  red.  In  such  active  hemorrhages,  the 
great  indications  of  treatment  will  be,  to  dimi- 
nish plethora  where  it  exists,  and  to  lessen  the 
heart's  action.  Bleeding,  purgatives,  and  cold, 
will  be  the  chief  agents. 

Passive  Hemorrhage,  ITcBniorrhag"ia  passi'va 
seu  veno'sa,  Profu'sio,  P.  h<Bmorrhafj"{ca,  occurs 
in  those  of  weak  constitution  ;  or  who  have  been 
debilitated  by  protracted  disease,  poor  diet,  long 
watching,  excessive  evacuations,  &c. 

The  direct  causes  may  be: — previous  active 
hemorrhage;  scorbutus,  or  any  thing  capable  of 
inducing  atony  or  asthenic  hyperaemia  of  the 
small  vessels.  These  hemorrhages  are  not  pre- 
ceded by  excitement  or  by  any  signs  of  local  de- 
termination. They  are  usually  accompanied  by 
paleness  of  the  countenance;  feeble  pulse:  faint- 
ing, <tc.  The  indications  of  treatment  will  be: — 
to  restore  the  action  of  the  small  vessels  and  the 
general  tone  of  the  system :  hence  the  utility  of 
stj'ptics  and  cold  externally  ;  and  of  tonics  and 
astringents,  creasote,  mineral  acids,  &o.,  inter- 
nally. Hemorrhage  also  occurs  from  mechanical 
hyperajniia,  as  when  haemoptysis  is  produced  by 
tubercles  in  the  lungs  :  hasmatemesis  by  disease 
of  some  of  the  solid  viscera  of  the  abdomen,  &c. 

In  Traumatic  Hemorrhages,  or  those  which  are 
the  consequences  of  wounds  of  arterial  or  venous 
trunks,  the  blood  is  of  a  florid  red  colour,  and 
issues  by  jets  and  pulses,  if  it  proceed  from  an 
artery;  whilst  it  is  of  a  deeper  red,  issues  slowly 
and  by  a  continuous  flow,  if  from  a  vein.  If  the 
capillary  vessels  be  alone  divided,  the  blood  is 
merely  effused  at  the  surface  of  the  wound.  Of 
the  means  used  for  arresting" these  traumatic  he- 
morrhages, some  act  mechanically  as  absorbents, 
ligature,  and  comj^ression  ;  others  chymically,  as 
fire,  caustics,  creasote,  astringents,  &c. 

H^MORRHAGiA  AcTivA  Narium,  Epistasis  — 
h.  Bronchica,  Haemoptysis — h.  Cerebri,  Apoplexy 
—  h.  per  Cutem,  Sudor  cruentus  —  h.  per  Diaere- 
sin,  see  Diaeresis — h.  per  Diapedesin,  Diapedesis — 
h.  Faueium,  Stomatorrhagia — h.  Gingivarum, 
Ulorrhagia— h.  Hajmatemesis,  Heemntemesis — h. 
Ha?maturia,  Ilaematuria  —  h.  Hosmoptysis,  He- 
moptysis—  h.  Hepatica,  Hepathfemorrhagia  —  h. 
Hepatis,  Hepatorrhagia  —  h.  Intestinorum,  Hae- 
matochezia — h.  Mucosa,  see  Hajmorrhois — h.  Na- 
bothi,  see  Parturition — h.  Narinea,  Epistaxis — h. 
Narium,  Epistaxis — h.  Oris,  Stomatorrhagia — h. 
Penis,  Stimatosis — h.  Pulmonis,  Haemoptysis — h. 
Renum,  Nephrorrhagia — h.  Universalis,  Purpura 
hEemorrhagica  —  h.  Uterina,  Metrorrhagia  —  h. 
Ventriculi,  Haematemesis  —  h.  Vesicae,  Cystorr- 
hagia. 

HiEMOBRHIXIA.  Epistaxis. 

HzEMORRHINORRHAGIA,  Epistaxis. 

H^MORRHCE'A,  from^ffima,  and,;tu, 'Iflow.' 
H(B>norrhag"ia,  Loss  of  blood.  Some  writers 
have  proposed  to  restrict  this  name  to  passive 
hemorrhages. 

H^ifORRHCEA  Petechialis,  Purpura  htemor- 
rhagica — h.  Pulmonalis,  Hfemoptysis — h.  Uterina, 
Metrorrhagia  —  h.  Vasorum  ha;morrhoidalium, 
Hffimorrhois  —  h.  Ventriculi,  Haematemesis  —  h. 
Viarum  urinarium,  Hasmaturia. 

H^MORRHOI'DAL.  Hemorrhoi'dal,  Hamor- 
rho'ida'lis,  Hcemorrhoi' dens.  Relating  to  hemor- 
rhoids: as  hemorrhoidal  flux,  hemorrhoidal  tu- 
mours, &c. 

HEjroRRHOiDAL  Arteries  have  been  distin- 
guished into  superior,  middle,  and  inferior.  1. 
The  first  is  the  termination  of  the  inferior  me- 
senteric artei'y,  which  assumes  the  name  superior 
hemorrhoidal,  when  it  reaches  the  upper  and  pos- 
terior part  of  the  rectum.  2.  The  middle  hemor- 
rhoidal is  furnished  by  the  hypogastric  or  inter- 
nal pudic.  It  ramifies  on  the  inferior  and  ante- 
rior part  of  the  rectum.     3.  The  inferior  hemor- 


rhoidal arteries  are  branches  of  the  internal 
pudic,  furnished  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  rectum 
and  to  the  muscles  of  the  anus. 

Hemorrhoibal  Nerves.  These  emanate  from 
the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plexuses ;  and  cover 
the  rectum  with  their  numerous  filaments. 

Hemorrhoidal  Veixs  follow  the  same  distri- 
bution, and  generally  empty  themselves  into  the 
lesser  mesenteric.  Some  of  them  assist  in  the 
formation  of  the  hypogastric  vein. 

Hemoruhoidal  Vessels,  Vasa.  seda'Ua,  are 
those  vessels  which  are  distributed  to  the  rectum 
— the  seat  of  hemorrhoids. 

H.ffiMORRHOIDALES  NODI,  Haemorrhois. 

H^MORRHOIDES,  see  Hwmorrhois  —  h. 
Cajcae,  see  Haamorrhois  —  h.  Fluentes,  Haemor- 
rhois—  h.  Furentes,  see  Haemorrhois  —  h.  Maris- 
cosae,  Haemorrhois — h.  non  Fluentes,  Haemor- 
rhois— h.  Oris,  Stomatorrhagia. 

H.3EM0RRH0IDR0'SIS,  from  'at^Loppoig,  'he- 
morrhoids,' and  'iSpijjcis,  'sweating.'  Sweating 
of  hemorrhoidal  blood.  [?] — Bock. 

HiEMOR'RHOIS,  Aimor'rho'is,  Aselepias'mus, 
from  hcBma,  and  petii,  'I, flow.'  Aimor'ro'is,  Proc'- 
ticn  Ilaris'ca,  3Iaris'ca,  Proctal'gia  Hmmorrho'i- 
daJlis,  Morbus  Hmmorrhoidalis,  Piles,  Em'erods, 
(F.)  Hemorrhoides.  The  essential  symptoms  of 
this  alfection  are:  —  Livid  and  painful  tubercles 
or  excrescences,  (Hemorrhoid' al  Tumours,)  usu- 
ally attended  with  a  discharge  of  mucus  or  blood, 
(Hemorrlioid' alflux,  Proctorrhoe'a,  Ham oproc' tia , 
HeBniorrhte'a  vasorum  hmmorrho'ida'lium,  (F.) 
Hemajiroctie.)  The  most  common  causes  of  piles 
are  a  sedentary  life ;  accumulation  of  faeces  in 
the  rectum;  violent  efi'orts  at  stool;  pregnancy, 
Ac.  The  precursory  symptoms  are:  —  paing  m 
the  loins;  stupor  of  the  lower  limbs:  and  un- 
easiness in  the  abdomen  and  rectum,  with  more 
or  less  gastric,  cerebral,  and  indeed  general  dis- 
order ;  —  constituting  the  Diath'esis  Hcemorrhoi- 
da'lis,  Motus  seu  Turba  Hmmorrhoida' lis,  and 
Moli'men  HcBmorrhoida'le.  of  most  of  the  writers 
of  Continental  Europe.  To  these  symptoms  fol- 
low one  or  more  round,  smooth,  renitent,  painful, 
pulsating,  and  erectile  tumours,  around  the  mar- 
gin of  the  anus,  or  within  the  anus;  some  pour- 
ing out  blood  occasionally.  After  having  re- 
mained, for  a  time,  tense  and  painful,  they  gra- 
dually shrink  and  disappear.  The  chief  symp- 
toms, occasioned  by  hemorrhoidal  tumours,  when 
much  inflamed,  are  ; — constant  pain,  liable,  how- 
ever, to  exacerbations,  and  to  become  augmented 
by  the  least  pressure,  or  by  the  passage  of  the 
faeces,  and  olDliging  the  patient  to  preserve  the 
horizontal  posture. 

Haemorrhoids  have  generally  been  distinguished 
into  —  Heemorrho'ides  Fluentes  seu  ilurisco'scB, 
Proc'tica  JIaris'ca  cruen'ta,  Bleeding  or  Opien 
Piles;  and  into  H.  non  fluen'tes,  Proc'tica  Ma- 
ris'ca  cmca,  H<p.morrhoV des  cceccB  seu  furen'tes, 
Hcemorrhoida'les  nodi,  Shut  or  blind  piles.  They 
have,  also,  been  divided  into  internal  or  occult, 
and  external,  according  to  their  situation;  and 
into  accidental  or  constitutional. 

Hemorrhoidal  Tumours  are  extremely  trouble- 
some, by  their  disposition  to  frequent  recurrence  : 
and  they  are  apt  to  induce  fistula;  otherwise, 
they  are  devoid  of  danger.  When  anatomicallj 
examined,  they  are  found  not  to  consist  in  a  va- 
ricose dilatation  of  the  veins  of  the  rectum  ;  but 
to  be  formed  of  a  very  close,  spongy,  texture; 
similar  to  that  which  surrounds  the  orifice  of  the 
vagina;  and  to  be  erectile,  like  it.  They  are 
surrounded  by  a  delicate  membrane,  and  have  no 
internal  cavity.  The  treatment,  in  mild  cases  of 
hemorrhoidal  tumours,  is  simple.  Rest;  the  ho- 
rizontal posture ;  the  use  of  mild  laxatives,  as 
sulphur,  castor  oil,  and  emollient  gly-sters,  will 


H.E  MORE,  HOiS  CHE  SIS 


445 


HAIR 


be  sufficient.  If  they  be  much  inflamed,  leeches 
may  be  applied  ;  and  warm  cataplasms  or  cold 
lotions,  according  to  circumstances,  be  prescribed, 
with  abstinence,  and  cooling  drinks.  Afterwards, 
an  ointment,  composed  of  powdered  galls  and 
opium,  may  afford  relief.  It  is  in  the  relaxed 
kind,  that  such  ointment,  and  the  internal  use  of 
Ward's  Paste,  can  alone  be  expected  to  afford 
much  benefit.  If,  after  repeated  attacks,  the  tu- 
mours remain  hard  and  painful,  and  threaten 
fistula,  they  may  be  removed. 

By  Hemorrhoidal  Flux,  Fliixus  TimmorrTioida'- 
lis,  ProetorrJiag"ia,  is  meant  the  hemorrhage 
which  takes  place  from  the  rectum,  owing  to  he- 
morrhoids. It  is  a  common  affection.  The  quan- 
tity of  blood  discharged  is  various  :  at  times,  it 
is  very  trifling;  at  others,  sufficient  to  induce 
great  debility,  and  even  death.  It  is  announced 
and  accompanied  by  the  same  symptoms  as  pre- 
cede and  attend  hemorrhoidal  tumours.  Like 
other  hemorrhages  it  may  be  active  or  passive  ; 
accidental  or  constitutional.  The  prognosis  is 
rarely  unfavourable.  The  affection  may,  almost 
always,  be  relieved  by  properly  adapted  means. 
These  resemble  such  as  are  necessary  in  hemor- 
rhages in  general.  Perfect  quietude,  —  mental 
and  corporeal;  light  diet;  cooling  drinks;  bleeding 
if  the  symptoms  indicate  it;  astringents,  (if  the 
disease  be  protracted  and  passive.)  such  as  the 
Tinctura  Ferri  Chloridi ;  aspersions  of  cold 
water  on  the  anus  :  astringent  injections ;  plug- 
ging and  compression.  Such  will  be  the  principal 
remedial  agents.  When  the  hemorrhage  has  be- 
come habitual,  or  is  vicarious,  some  caution  may 
be  required  in  checking  it;  and,  if  inconvenience 
arise  from  a  sudden  suppression,  its  return  may 
be  solicited  by  the  semicupium,  sitting  over  warm 
water,  aloetic  purgatives,  glysters,  irritating  sup- 
positories, Ac. ;  or  leeches  may  be  applied  to  the 
anus. 

To  the  internal  bleeding  pile,  a  soft,  red,  straw- 
berry-like elevation  of  the  mucous  membrane. 
Dr.  Houston,  of  Dublin,  gives  the  name  v-ascular 
tumour,  Por  its  removal  he  recommends  the  ap- 
plication of  nitric  acid,  so  as  to  produce  slough- 
ixig  of  its  surface. 

Some  authors  have  described  a  species  of  Len- 
corrhce'a  Ana'lis  or  whitish  discharge  from  the 
anus,  which  often  attends  ordinary  hsemorrhoids. 
This  they  have  called  Proctiea  tnaris'ca  muco'sa, 
HcBmor'rho'ia  alba,  H(E'morrTiag"ia  muco'sa,  Leu- 
cor'rho'is,  Ac.     It  requires  no  special  mention. 

The  term  Hemorrhoid  is  applied  at  times  to 
varicose  veins  developed  elsewhere,  as  at  the 
orifice  of  the  uterus.     See  Metrsemorrhoides. 

H^iroRRHOis  AB  ExANiA,  Proctocele — h.  Pro- 
cedens,  Proctocele. 

H^MORRHOiS'CHESIS,  from  'a,iiopf,oig, 
'hamorrhois,'  pfu,  'I  flow,'  and  iiy)(^s.ii>,  'I  restrain.' 
Reten'tio  Jluxus  hamorrhoida'lis.  Suppression  or 
retention  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux. 

H^MORRHOPHE'SIS,  Absorp'tio  sang'uinis, 
from  hcema,  and  potpam,  'I  sip  up.'  Absorption 
of  blood. 

H^MORRHOPHILIA,  Hsematophilia. 

H^MORRHOSCOPIA,  Hsematoseopia. 

H^MORRHYSIS,  Hsemorrhagia. 

H^MOSCHEOCELE,  Hsematoscheocele. 

HjEMOSCOPIA,  Haematoscopia. 

H^MOSPASIA,  see  Hajmospastic. 

H^MOSPAS'TIC,  (F.)  Hemosjmsigue,  from 
hcBrua,  and  c-aM,  'I  draw.'  An  agent  which  draws 
or  attracts  blood  to  a  part;  as  a  cupping-glass. 
The  operation  is  termed  Hamospa' sia,  (F.)  Hemos- 
2)osie.  It  is  generally  applied  to  a  process  by 
which  the  air  is  exhausted  over  a  considerable 
surface,  as  over  one  or  more  of  the  extremities, 
by  an  appropriate  pneumatic  apparatus. 


HiEMOSTA'SIA,  Hcemos'tasis,  Epid'esis,  San'- 
guinis  8tag)ia'tio,  (F.)  Hemostasie,  from  hcema, 
and  araats,  'stagnation.'  Stagnation  of  blood. 
This  name  has,  also,  been  given  to  any  operation, 
the  object  of  which  is  to  arrest  the  flow  of  blo'od. 

H^MOSTAT'IC,  PAGLIA'RI'S,  Pagliari's 
Styptic,  (F.)  Fan  de  Pagliari.  A  styptic  liquor, 
said  to  be  of  great  power,  discovered  by  M.  Pag- 
liari, &  pharinacien  at  Rome.  It  is  composed  as 
follows:  —  Eight  ounces  of  tincture  of  benzoin, 
one  pound  of  alum,  and  ten  pounds  of  -water  are 
boiled  together  for  six  hours  in  a  glazed  earthen 
vessel,  the  vaporized  water  being  constantly  re- 
placed by  hot  water,  so  as  not  to  interrupt  the 
ebullition,  and  the  resinous  mass  being  kept 
stirred  round.  The  fluid  is  then  filtered,  and 
kept  in  stoppered  bottles.  A  drop  of  the  fluid, 
poured  into  a  glass  containing  human  blood,  pro- 
duces an  instantaneous  magma 

HEMOSTATICS,  Ha;matostatica. 

HEMOTELANGIOSIS,  Telangiectasia. 

IIEMOTEXIA,  Ha3mateclysis. 

IIEMOTEXIS,  Hajmateclysis. 

HEMOTHORAX,  Hajmathorax. 

HEMOTISMUS,  Hemoptysis. 

HEMOT'ROPHY,  Hcpmotroph'ia  ;  from  hawa, 
and  Tpo<pri,  'nourishment.'  Excess  of  sangui- 
neous nourishment. — Prout. 

HJEMURIA,  Hsematuria. 

HiEMURESIS,  HiEmaturia. 

HEMYDOR,  Serum  of  the  blood. 

HEMYDRIA,  Hydrosemia. 

HEREDITARIUS,  Hereditary. 

HiESITATIO,  Balbuties. 

HEVEA  GUIANENSIS,  see  Caoutchouc. 

HAG,  Abdomen. 

HAGARD,  Haggard. 

HAGBERRY,  Prunus  padus. 

HAGE'NIA  ABYSSIN'ICA,  Bray'era  anthel- 
min'tica,  Banh'sia  Abyssi7i'ica.  An  Abyssinian 
tree;  Order,  Piosacese;  Sexual  System,  Icosandria 
Digynia,  which  the  natives  plant  round  their 
habitations,  as  an  ornament.  The  infusion  or  de- 
coction of  its  flowers,  Flores  cosso,  is  emplo3'ed  by 
them  as  an  anthelmintic,  especially  in  cases  of 
tape-worm.  It  is  called,  there,  Cusso  or  Cousso, 
Kosso,  Kousso,  Kooso,  Kwoso,  Cotz,  Cabotz,  and 
Habbi. 

HAGGARD,  (F.)  Hagard.  The  French  use 
the  term  Air  liagard,,  Oiil  hagard,  'Haggard 
air,'  '  Haggard  eye,'  for  a  physiognomy,  in  which 
there  is  at  once  an  expression  of  madness  and 
terror. 

HAGIOSPERMUM,  Artemisia  santonica. 

HAGIOXYLUM.  Guaiacum. 

HAHNEMANNISM,  Homoeopathy. 

HAIL,  Chalaza. 

HAIR,  Sax.  hsep,  Crinia,  Pilus,  Thri.r,  Pile, 
(F.)  Puil.  A  conical,  corneous  substance,  the  free 
portion  or  shaft,  scapus,  of  which  issues  to  n  greater 
or  less  distance  from  the  skin,  to  the  tissue  of 
which  it  adheres  by  a  bulb,  Bulbna pili,  seated,  in 
Ji  hair  follicle — follic'idus  pili — made  by  an 
inversion  of  the  integument,  the  epidermis  of 
which  forms  a  "root  shu&ih,"  vagi'na  pili.  At 
the  base  of  the  hair  follicle,  there  is  a  small 
papilla,  well  supplied  with  bloodvessels  and 
nerves.  Papilla  piili ;  at  times  called,  but  im- 
properly, Pnlpa  seu  Blaste'ma  pili.  The  hair  re- 
ceives various  names  in  different  parts — as  Beard, 
Cilia,  Eyebrows,  Hair  of  the  head,  {Capilli,)  &c. 

Hair  Dte,  Twiggs's.  A  preparation  much 
used  to  give  colour  to  the  hair.  It  may  be  formed 
of  preei2ntated  sulphur  and  acetate  of  lead,  each 
^y,  rose  water,  f^iv;  triturated  together  in  a 
mortar.  It  should  be  applied  twice  a  day,  until 
the  desired  effect  is  pioduced. 


HAIRY 


446        HAMAMELIS  VIRGINIANA 


Hair,  Falling  off  of  the,  Alopecia. 

Hair  Follicle,  see  Hair. 

Hair,  Matted,  Plica  —  h.  Plaited,  Plica  —  h. 
Trichomatose,  Plica — h.  Worm,  Seta  equina,  see 
Ecfozoa — h.  Worm,  muscular,  Dracunculus. 

Hairy,  Pileous.     Also,  covered  with  hair. 

HAKE,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

HAL,  Salt. 

HALA'TIOX,  Hala'tium;  diminutive  of  'a\g, 
'salt'  A  pungent  remedy,  with  the  ancients, 
which  contained  salts. 

HALCHEMI'A.  The  alchymists  so  called  the 
art  of  fusing  salts  :  from  'a\i,  'salt,'  and  ;;(£<<»,  '  I 
pour  out.' — Libavius. 

HALCYON,  Alcyon. 

UALCYONIUM  ROTUNDUM,  Pila  marina. 

HALE,  Ephelides. 

HALEINE,  Breath— A.  Courte,  Dyspnoea. 

HALEL^'ON,  HalelcB'um,  from  'aA;,  'salt,' 
and  c\atov,  'oil.'  Oleum  Snli  mixtum.  A  mix- 
ture of  oil  and  salt,  for  removing  swellings  of  the 
joints. — Galen. 

HALETERATION,  Alteration. 

HALF-CASTE,  Half -Cast,  see  Caste.  A  term 
applied,  in  India,  to  the  offspring  of  a  Hindoo 
and  a  European.  Since,  extended  to  the  offspring 
of  mixed  races.  The  subjoined  list  from  Tsehudi's 
Travels  in  Peru,  1838-1842,  shows  the  parent- 
age of  the  different  varieties  of  half-casts,  and 
also  the  proper  designations  of  the  latter,  as  ob- 
served in  South  America. 

Parents.  Children. 

"WTiite  Father  and  Negro  Mother,      Mulatto. 
White  Father  and  Indian  Mother,     jNIeztizo. 
Indian  Father  and  Negro  Mother,      Chino. 
White  Father  and  Mulatta  Mother,   Cuarteron. 

! Creole,  (only  distin- 
guished from  the 
white  by  a  pale 
brownish  complex- 
ion.) 
White  Father  and  China  Mother,  Chino-blanco. 
White    Father  and  Cuarterona     S  r\   ■    i 

Mother -^Qujntero. 

White  Father  and  Quintera  Mo-<  ttti,-/. 

ther (White. 

Negro  Father  and  Mulatta  Mother,  Zambo-negro. 
Negro  Father  and  Meztiza  Mother,  Mulatto  oscuro. 
Negro  Father  and  China  Mother,        Zambo  chino. 

Negro  Father  and  Zamba  Mother,!  ^^'^n^trf  °.  ^^^''' 
°  '  t  fectly  black.) 

Negro  Father  and  Cuarterona  or  f  Mulatto  (rather 

Quintera  Mother \  dark.) 

^°the?..!.^!!!!''...!!!i.!'.".!^.".l?f.°"{china-oscuro. 

Indian  Father  and  Meztiza   Mo-S  Mestizo-claro   (fre- 
ther )  quentiy  very  beau- 

(  tiful.) 

Indian  Father  and  China  Mother,      Chino-eholo. 

Indian    Father    and    Zamba  Mo-  f  ™      ,      , 
j.j^  <  Zambo-claro. 

Indian   Father  with  China-cholaf  Indian(with  rather 

Mother \  short  frizzy  hair.) 

Indian  Father  and  Cuarterona  or  f  Meztizo  (rather 

Quintera  Mother \  brown.) 

Mulatto   Father  and  Zamba  Mo-j   Zambo   (a  misera- 

ther \  ble  race.) 

Mulatto  Father  and  Meztiza  Mo-f  Chino    (of   rather 

ther \  clear  complexion.) 

Mulatto  Father  and  China  Mother,  Chino(ratherdark.) 

See  Mulatto. 

HALICA,  Alica. 

HALICACALUM,  Physalis. 

HALICES,  Pandiculation. 

HALIDRYS  VESICULOSA,  Fucus  vesicu- 
losus. 

HALINA'TRUM,  Halhu'trum,  Haloni' trum  ; 
from  'a\i,  'salt,'  and  natrum  or  natron.  A  name 
given  by  the  ancients  to  subcarbonate  of  soda, 
containing  a  little  subcarbonate  of  ammonia, 
which  is  found,  ready-formed,  on  the  plaster  of 
damp  walls,  in  places  irfhabited  by  man  or  ani- 
mals.    Also,  Potassae  nitras. 


HALINITRUM,  Halinatrum. 

HALINUS,  Saline. 

HAL'ITUOUS,  Halituo'sus,  from  halitus,  'va- 
pour.' (F.)  Halitueux.  The  skin  is  said  to  be  ha- 
li'tueuse,  when  covered  with  a  gentle  moisture. 
The  vapour,  exhaled  in  all  the  cavities  of  the 
body,  so  long  as  the  blood  is  warm,  is  called 
Hal'itns.  The  odorous  vapour,  exhaled  by  the 
blood  itself  whilst  warm,  is  called  Hal'itus  San'- 
guinis. 

Halitus,  Breath  —  h.  Oris  Foetidus,  Breath, 
offensive — h.  Sanguinis,  Gaz  sanguinis.  See  Ha- 
lituous. 

HALL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
springs  of  Hall,  in  Upper  Austria,  contain  iodine. 

HALLUCINATIO  HYPOCHONDRIASIS, 
Hj'pochondriasis — h.  Vertigo,  Vertigo. 

HALLUCINA'TION,  Hallucina'tio,  Halucina'- 
tio,  Fulla'cia,  Illu'sio,  I.  sensus,  Socor' dia,  Alu'- 
sia,  Allucina'tio,  Parora'sis,  Soninia'tio  in  statu 
v!y"ili,  Ido'lum,  Waking  dream.  Phantasm,  from 
allucinari  or  hallucinari,  allucinatus,  'to  be  de- 
ceived.' A  morbid  error  in  one  or  more  of  the 
senses.  Perception  of  objects,  which  do  not  in 
fact  exert  any  impression  on  the  external  senses. 
Hallucination  or  delusion  almost  always,  if  not 
always,  depends  on  disorder  of  the  brain,  but  is 
not  an  index  of  insanity,  unless  the  patient  be- 
lieves in  the  existence  of  the  subject  of  the  hal- 
lucination. 

HALLUS,  Polles  pedis. 

HALLUX,  Pollex  pedis. 

HALME,  Muria. 

HALMYRIS,  see  Muria. 

HALMYRO'DES,  Salsugino'sus,  Salsu'gi- 
nous,  from 'aX/ivpii,  {'aXjjn],  '  sea-water,"aXs, 'salt,') 
'  a  salt  liquor,'  saltish.  An  epithet  given  to  any 
affection,  in  which  the  heat  feels  pungent  under 
the  finger  of  the  physician. — Hippocrates. 

HALMYRUS,  Saline. 

HALO,  Areola. 

Halo  Signa'tus.  The  impression  made  by 
the  ciliary  processes  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
vitreous  humour.  So  called  from  its  consisting 
of  a  circle  of  indentations. — Sir  C.  Bell.  Called 
by  Haller,  StricB  ret'incB  suhject'oB  Ugamen'to 
cilia' ri  •  by  Winslow,  Sulci  cilia' res, 

HALODER^'UM,  from 'aAj, 'salt,' and  5£/)atoi', 
'  a  collar,'  (dcprj,  '  neck.')  Colla'rium  sali'num. 
A  collar  of  salt  applied  to  the  neck,  as  in  cases 
of  croup. 

HALOGENE,  Chlorine. 

HALOIDUM  OXYGENATUM,  Potassae  mu- 
rias  hyperoxygenatus. 

HALONIITIS,  Induration  of  the  cellular 

HALONITRUM,  Halinatrum. 

HALOPE'G^,  from  'a\i,  'aXo;,  'salt,'  and 
-irriyri,  'a  spring.'  Mineral  waters  whose  chief  in- 
gredient is  common  salt — chloride  of  sodium. 

HALOS,  Areola. 

HALOT'YLE,  Oul'cita  sali'na,  from  'aXs,  'salt,' 
and  TvXv,  'a  bolster.'  A  bolster  or  pillow  of  salt, 
recommended  in  croup. 

HALSBANE,  Clavicle. 

HALS.  'aXi,  'salt;'  hence  Halogene,  Haloid,  &c. 

HALSE.  Throat. 

HALTE'RES.  Pieces  of  lead  held  in  the 
hands  by  the  ancients  to  assist  them  in  leapin". 

HALUCINATIO,  Hallucination. 

HALYCODES,  Saline. 

HALYSIS  LATA,  Bothriocephalus  latus  — h. 
Membranacea,  Bothriocephalus  latus — h.  Solium, 
Taenia  solium. 

HAM,  Poples. 

HAMAME'LIS  VIRGINIA'NA,  H.  Virghi'i. 
ca  seu  macrophijl'la,  Witch  hazel,  Winter  witch 
hazel,  Snapping  hazelnut,  Winter  hloom.  Ord. 
Hamamelaceas.     The  bark  of  this  tree,  which  is 


HAMARTHRITIS 


447 


HARROWGATE 


a  native  of  the  United  States,  is  somewhat  bitter 
and  sensibly  astringent;  but  it  has  not  been 
much  used.  A  cataplasm  of  the  inner  rind  of 
the  bark  is  said  to  have  been  found  efficacious  in 
painful  inflammation  of  the  eyes. 

HAMARTHRI'TIS,  Holartkri'uS,  Catholar- 
thri'tis,  Arthri'tis  universa'lis,  from  'afia,  '  at 
once,'  and  ap^pinj,  'gout.'  Gout  in  all  the  joints. 
Universal  gout. 

HAMCH,  Coxofemoral  articulation. 

HAM'MA,  Nodus,  'a,  tie.'  A  knot,  used  for 
retaining  bandages  on  any  part.  —  Hippocrates. 
A  truss. 

HAMMERING,  Balbuties. 

HAMPSTEAD,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situate  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
London,  are  a  good  chalybeate. 

HAMSTRING,  To,  see  Hamstrings. 

HAMSTRINGS,  (F.)  Jarretiers.  The  strings 
or  tendons  of  the  ham. 

The  Hamstring  Muscles  are  the  biceps  femo- 
ris,  whose  tendon  forms  the  outer  hamgtring  ;  and 
the  semimembranosus,  semitendinosus,  gracilis 
and  sartorius,  whose  tendons  form  the  inner 
hamstring, 

'To  hamstring'  means  to  cut  the  strings  or  ten- 
dons of  the  ham. 

HAMULAR  PROCESS,  see  Hamulus. 

HAM'ULUS.  Diminutive  of  kamus,  'a  hook.' 
A  hook  or  crook:  Ancis'tron.  Also,  any  hook- 
like process ;  as  the  hamidns  or  hamular  process 
of  the  pterygoid  process  of  the  sphenoid  bone, 
which  projects  from  the  termination  of  the  inter- 
nal pterygoid  plate. 

Hasiulus  Lamina  Spiralis,  see  Lamina  spi- 
ralis. 

HAMUS,  see  Hamulus. 

HANCHE,  Haunch. 

HANCLETH,  Malleolus. 

HAND,  Manus. 

HANDWOMAN,  Midwife. 

HANDS,  DROPPED,  Hand-drop,  Wrist-drop. 
A  popular  term  for  the  paralysis  of  the  hand,  in- 
duced by  the  action  of  lead. 

HANDWRIST,  Carpus. 

HANGERS,  Crusta  genu  equinse. 

HANGNAIL,  (old  Eng.)  Agnail,  (Prov.)  Ang- 
nail.  Stepmother's  blessing,  Wirt-springs,  Nail- 
spring,  Nang-nail,  (F.)  Envie.  A  portion  of  epi- 
dermis, detached  so  as  to  tear  the  integument  in 
the  vicinitv  of  the  finger  nails. 

HANNEBANE,  Hyoscyamus. 

HAPANTIS'MUS.  Badly  formed  from  jraf, 
or  'airai,  '  all.'  Oblitera'tio  comple' ta.  The  mat- 
ting or  growing  together  of  organic  parts. 

HAPHE.  '056;;,  'feeling,  touch.'     Hence: 

HAPHON'OSI,  Haphonu'si,  from  'a<pv,  'the 
touch.'  Morbi  tactAs.  Diseases  of  the  sense  of 
touch. 

HAPLOACNE,  Acne  simplex. 

HAPLOPATHI'A,  from  'arrU;,  'simple.'  and 
7ra0o;,  'disease.'  3forhus  simplex,  A  simple  or 
uncomplicated  affection. 

HAPLOTOM'IA,  Simplex  sec'tio,  Incis'io  sim- 
2ilex,  Opera'tio  simplex,  from  'a-nXo?,  'simple,'  and 
T0/J17,  'incision.'     A  simple  incision. 

HAPSIS,  Touch. 

HAPTODYSPHOR'IA,  Tactus  dolorif'icus  ,• 
from  'a<pri,  '  touch,'  and  Sv(T(l)opos,  '  difficult  to  be 
borne.'     Painful  to  the  touch. 

HAPTOGEN,  Haptogenous. 

HAPTOGENE,  Haptogenous. 

HAPTOG"ENOUS,  Haptog"enus,  Hap'togen, 
(F.)  Haptoghie,  from  'aiTTw,  'I  attach, 'and yci'vaco, 
'I  engender.'  Ascherson  calls  the  pellicle,  which 
forms  around  fatty  matter  when  albumen  is 
brought  in  contact  with  it,  Haptogen  membrane, 
(F.)  Membrane  haptogene. 


HAPTOT'ICA,  Haptot'ice,  from  'a<pr,,  'touch.' 
The  doctrine  of  the  phenomena  of  touch. 

HARD,  (G.)  hart,  Bums,  Scleros,  (F.)  Bur. 
That  which  offers  much  resistance.  In  anatomy, 
the  hard  parts  are  those  which  compose  the  os- 
seous basis  of  the  body  ;  in  other  words,  the  skele- 
ton.    See  Pulse,  hard. 

HARD'S  FARINACEOUS  FOOD,  see  Fari- 
naceous. 

HARDESIA,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

HARDHACK,  SpirfEa  tomentosa. 

HARE-LIP,  Lagochi'his,  Lagos'toma,  Lagon'- 
tomum,  Lagcn'tomum,  La'biuni  Lepori'num,  Olo- 
pho'nia  Labii  Loba'ta,  Lepori'nnni  rostrum,  (Sc.) 
Hareshaw,  (Prov.)  Hayscale,  (F.)  Bee  de  Lievre. 
A  fissure  or  perpendicular  division  of  one  or  both 
lips.  It  has  been  so  called,  in  consequence  of 
the  upper  lip  of  the  hare  being  thus  divided. 
Hare-lip  is  generally  congenital ;  at  other  times 
it  is  accidental,  or  produced  by  a  wound,  the 
edges  of  which  have  not  been  brought  into  con- 
tact, and  have  healed  separately.  It  is  simple, 
when  there  is  but  one  division  ;  double,  when 
there  are  two  ;  and  complicated,  when  there  is,  at 
the  same  time,  a  division  or  cleft  of  the  superior 
maxillary  bone  and  of  the  palate —  Cleft  or  fis'- 
sured  palate,  Wolf's  jcnu,  Pala'tum  fissum,  Rictus 
lupi'nus ;  or  a  projection  of  the  teeth  into  the 
separation  of  the  lip. 

In  the  Hare-lip  operation,  there  are  two  indi- 
cations to  be  fulfilled.  First,  to  pare,  with  the 
knife  or  scissors,  the  edges  of  the  cleft,  and,  af- 
terwards, to  preserve  them  in  contact ;  in  order 
to  cause  adhesion.  This  last  object  is  accom- 
plished by  means  of  pins,  passed  through  the 
edges  of  the  division ;  in  other  words,  by  the 
twisted  suture.  The  projecting  teeth  must,  of 
course,  be  previously  removed.  If  there  be  sepa- 
ration of  the  palate,  it  will  become  less  and  less 
after  the  union  of  the  lip,  or  the  operation  of  sta- 
phyloraphy  may  be  performed  upon  it. 

Hare's  Ear,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium  —  h. 
Eye,  Lagophthalmia. 

HARESHAW,  Harelip. 

HARGNE,  Hernia  —  h.  Anevrysmale,  Cirsom- 
phalus. 

HARICOT,  Phaseolus  vulgaris  —  h.  Grand  de 
Perou,  Jatropha  curcas. 

HARMALIA,  Aliment. 

HAR'MONY,  Harmo'nia,  Harmos,  primarily 
from  aQ{ii,  'I  adjust.'  Anatomists  have  called  Su- 
ture by  Harmony,  or  simply  Harmony,  False  or 
sujierficial  suture,  Sutu'ra  os' sinm  spu'ria,  Com- 
pa'ges  os'sium  per  li n' earn  sim' jMcem ,  an  immov- 
able articulation,  in  which  the  depressions  and 
eminences,  presented  by  the  bony  surfaces,  are 
but  slightly  marked ;  so  that  it  might  be  pre- 
sumed that  the  junction  of  the  bones  took  place 
by  simple  apposition  of  their  surfaces.  An  in- 
stance of  harmony  occurs  in  the  union  of  the 
superior  maxillary  bones  with  each  other. 

HARMUS,  Articulation,  Harmony. 

HARNPAN,  Cranium. 

HARRODSBURG  SPRINGS,  see  Kentucky, 
Mineral  Waters  of. 

HAR'ROWGATE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  villages  of  High  and  Low  Harrowgate  are 
situate  in  the  centre  of  the  county  of  York,  near 
Knaresborough,  twenty  miles  from  York,  and 
fifteen  from  Leeds.  Here  are  several  valuable 
sulphurous  and  chalybeate  springs.  The  sulphu- 
reous springs  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride 
of  calcium,  chloride  of  magnesium,  bicarbonate 
of  soda,  sulphohydric  acid,  carbonic  acid,  carbu- 
retted  hydrogen,  and  azote.  The  chalybeate 
springs  contain  protoxide  of  iron,  chloride  of  so- 
dium, sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  calcium,  chlo- 
ride of  magnesium,  carbonic  acid,  azote,  and  oxy- 


HARTFELL 


448 


HEART 


gen.  For  the  former,  Harrowgate  is  celebrated 
and  frequented. 

Harrowgate  Salts,  Artificial,  are  much 
employed,  and  not  unfrequently  by  those  who 
drink  the  genuine  water,  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing its  aperient  power.  They  may  be  made 
as  follows  : — Salph.  Potass,  cum  Sulph.  ^vj  ;  Po- 
tass, hitart.  ^j  ;  Jlagnes.  Siilph.  in  pulv.  §vj.  M. 
The  usual  dose  is  a  teaspoonful,  in  a  small  tum- 
blerful of  tepid  water,  early  in  the  morning. 

Harrowgate  Water,  Artificial,  may  be 
formed  of  common  salt,  ^v  ;  icater,  Oiij  ;  impreg- 
nated with  the  gas  from  sulp)huret  of  potass,  and 
sulphuric  acid,  aa  ,^iv.  The  following  form  has 
also  been  recommended.  ]J.  SuJpihat.  Potass, 
cum  sulph.  (Ph.  Ed.)  _^j ;  Potass,  hitart.  "^ss; 
Magnes.  sulphat.  ^vj  ;  Aqua  destillat,  Oij.  One- 
half  to  be  taken  for  a  dose. 

HARTFELL,  MIISTIRAL  WATERS  OF. 
Hartfell  Spa  is  about  five  miles  from  Moffat,  in 
Scotland.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate,  and  is 
much  used. 

HARTSHORN,  Cervus,  Cornu  cervi,  Liquor 
cornu  cervi  —  h.  Red,  Spiritus  lavandulaj  com- 
positus — h.  and  Oil,  Linimentum  ammonise  car- 
bonatis. 

HARTS'  TOXGUE,  Asplenium  scolopendrium. 

HARTS' TRUFFLES,Elaphomycesgranulatus. 

HARTWORT  OF  MARSEILLES,  Seseli  tor- 
tuosum. 

HASCHE,  Pain. 

HASCHISCH,  see  Bangue. 

EASGHISCHrNE,  see  Bangue. 

HASTA,  Penis  — h.  Nuptialis,  Penis— h.  Yi- 
rilis,  Penis. 

HASTELLA,  Splint. 

HASTINGS,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  place  has 
the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  mildest  and 
most  sheltered  winter  residences  on  the  south 
coast  of  England.  Owing  to  its  low  situation, 
and  the  height  of  the  neighbouring  elifTs,  it  is 
protected  in  a  great  degree  from  all  northerly 
winds  ;  and  hence  is  found  a  favourable  residence 
generally  for  invalids  labouring  under  diseases 
of  the  chest. 

HASTULA  REGIS,  Asphodelus  ramosus. 

HATFIELD'S  TINCTURE,  see  Tinctura  Gua- 
iaci  ammoniata. 

HATTREL,  Abscess. 

HAUNCH,  Coxa,  Coxen'dix,  of  the  Latins; 
"YX^'  ^^  icX'""'  of  tlis  Greeks;  Ancha,  Ischiott, 
Osphi/s,  Hip,  Cossa,  (Prov.)  Hubbon,  Shoup,  (F.) 
Hanche.  The  region  of  the  trunk  which  is  formed 
by  the  lateral  parts  of  the  pelvis  and  the  hip- 
joint,  including  the  soft  parts.  In  women,  on 
account  of  the  greater  width  of  the  pelvis,  the 
haunches  are  more  marked  and  prominent  than 
in  men. 

HAUSE,  Collura,  Throat. 

HAUSTEL'LATE,  HausteUa'tus,  from  haurio, 
Tiaustum,' 1  drink  up.'  An  epithet  for  the  struc- 
ture of  mouth,  which  is  adapted  for  drinking  or 
pumping  up  liquids.  Insects,  which  possess  that 
kind  of  mouth,  are  so  named.  Ehrenberg  refers 
the  fancied  spermatozoon  to  the  hausteilate  en- 
tozoa. 

HAUSTRA  COLI,  see  Colon. 

HAUSTUS,  Po'tio,  Potiun'cula.  A  Draught. 
A  liquid  medicine,  which  can  be  taken  at  a 
draught. 

Haustus  Niger,  see  Infusum  sennae. 

HA  UT  MAL,  Epilepsy. 

HAYAN'A  or  HAVAN'NAH,  CLIMATE  OF. 
The  climate  of  Cuba  is  often  selected  for  the 
phthisical  invalid  during  the  winter  months,  and 
so  far  as  regards  elevation  and  comparative  equa- 
bility of  temperature,  it  is  more  favourable  for 
those  of  weak  lungs  than  that  of  the  United 
States.     The  mean   annual  temperature  is  high 


(78°),  but  the  dlffer^ence  between  the  mean  tern- 
perature  of  the  warmest  and  coldest  months  is 
twice  as  great  as  at  Madeira. 

HAVERSIAN  CANALS,  Canals,  nutritive,  of 
Bones. 

HAW,  Hungry. 

Haw,  Black,  Viburnum  prunifolium. 

HAWKNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

HAWKWEED,  VEINY,  Hieracium  venosum. 

HAAVSE,  Throat. 

HAWTHORN,  WHITE,  Mespilus  osyacantha. 

HAY  ASTHMA,  Fever,  Hay. 

Hat,  Camel's,  Juncus  odoratus. 

HAYRIFF,  Galium  aparine. 

HAYSCALE,  Harelip. 

HAZEL,  BEAKED,  Corylus  rostrata.' 

Hazel  Crottles,  Lichen  pulmonarius  —  h. 
Nut,  snapping,  Hamamelis  Virginiana  —  h.  Nut 
tree,  Corylus  avellana. 

Hazel,  Witch,  Hamamelis  Virginiana,  Sorbus 
acuparia. 

HAZELRAW,  Lichen  pulmonarius. 

HEAD,  Sax.  heapoB,  heays,  heaved ;  the  past 
participle  of  heapan,  'to  heave  up.'  Caput, 
Ceph'ule,  Cij'be,  Poll,  (Prov.)  Hede,  Pow,  Scop, 
(F.)  Tete.  The  head  forms  the  upper  extremity 
of  the  body,  and  tops  the  skeleton.  It  consists 
of  the  cranium  and  face.  The  first,  which  com- 
prises all  the  superior  and  posterior  part,  has  the 
encephalon  in  its  cavity:  the  latter  forms  only 
the  anterior  part,  and  serves  as  the  receptacle  for 
the  greater  part  of  the  organs  of  the  senses. 

Head,  Water  ix  the.  Hydrocephalus. 

Head-Ache,  Cephalsea,  Cephalalgia — h.  Ache, 
intermittent,  Cephalalgia  periodica  —  h.  Ache, 
sick,  Cephalaja  spasmodica. 

HEADSWOMAN,  Midwife. 

HEADY,  same  etymon  as  Head.  (F.)  Cnpiteux. 
That  which  inebriates  readily.  An  epithet,  ap- 
plied to  wines  which  possess  this  quality. 

HEAL,  Sanitas. 

HEAL-ALL,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Prunella 
vulgaris,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

HEALING,  Curative — h.  Art,  Medicine. 

HEALTH,  Sanitas. 

HEALTHY,  Salutary. 

HEARING,  HARDNESS  OF,  Deafness  — h. 
Perverse,  Paracusis  perversa. 

HEART,  Sax.  heopc.  Germ.  Her z,  Cor,  Gear, 
Cer,  Car'dia,  xeap,  Kr/p,  Kap&ta,  (F.)  C'ceur.  An 
az3'gous  muscle,  of  an  irregularly  pyramidal 
shape;  situate  obliquely  and  a  little  to  the  left 
side,  in  the  chest; — resting  on  the  diaphragm  by 
one  of  its  surfaces: — suspended  by  its  base  from 
the  great  vessels ;  free  and  movable  in  the  rest 
of  its  extent,  and  surrounded  by  the  pericardium. 
The  right  side  of  the  body  of  the  heart  is  thin 
and  sharp,  and  is  called  Margo  acu'tus:  the  left 
is  thick  and  round,  and  termed  Margo  ohtu's-us. 
It  is  hollow  within,  and  contains  four  cavities; 
two  of  which,  with  thinner  and  less  .fleshy  walls, 
receive  the  blood  from  the  lungs  and  the  rest  of 
the  body,  and  pour  it  into  two  others,  with  thick 
and  very  fleshy  parietes,  which  send  it  to  the 
lungs  and  to  every  part  of  the  body.  Of  these 
cavities,  the  former  are  called  auricles,  the  latter 
ventricles.  The  right  auricle  and  right  ventricle 
form  the  Pulmonic  or  right  or  anterior  heart.  Cor 
veno'sum  seu  jitibnona'le,  (F.)  Cceur  du  poumon, 
C.  du  sang  noir,  C.  droit,  C.  anterieur:  and  the 
left  auricle  and  ventricle,  the  systemic,  corporeal, 
left,  or  aortic  heart,  Cor  arterio'sum  seu  aor'tl- 
cum,  (F..)  Cceur  du  corps,  C.  gauche,  C.  aortique 
ou  C.  rouge.  In  the  adult,  these  are  totally  dis- 
tinct from  each  other,  being  separated  by  a  parti- 
tion ; — the  septum  cordis.  Into  the  right  auricle, 
the  venffi  cavte, — superior  and  inferior, — and  the 
coronary  vein,  open.  The  pulmonary  artery 
arises  from  the  right  ventricle;  the  four  pulmo- 


HEART 


449 


HEAT 


nary  veins  open  into  the  left  auricle,  and  the 
aorta  arises  from  the  left  ventricle. 

The  mean  weight  of  the  heart,  in  the  adult, 
from  the  twenty-fifth  to  the  sixtieth  year,  is,  ac- 
cording to  Bouillaud,  from  eight  to  nine  ounces. 
The  dimensions,  according  to  Lobstein  and  Bouil- 
laud, are  as  follows :  —  Length,  from  base  to 
apex,  five  inches  six  lines;  breadth,  at  the  base, 
three  inches  ;  thickness  of  the  walls  of  the  left 
ventricle,  seven  lines;  at  a  finger's  breadth  above 
the  apex,  four  lines  ;  thickness  of  the  walls  of  the 
right  ventricle,  two  and  a  quarter  lines;  at  the 
apes,  half  a  line;  thickness  of  right  auricle,  one 
line ;  of  the  left  auricle,  half  a  line.  The  heart 
is  covered,  externally,  by  a  very  thin,  membra- 
nous reflection  from  the  pericardium.  The  mus- 
cular structure  of  which  it  is  constituted  is  much 
thicker  in  the  parietes  of  the  ventricle  than  in 
those  of  the  auricles.  Its  cavities  are  lined  by  a 
very  delicate  membrane,  the  endocardium,  which 
is  continuous  with  the  inner  membrane  of  the 
arteries,  as  regards  the  left  cavities,  and  with  that 
of  the  veins,  as  regards  the  right.  Its  arteries — 
the  coronary  —  arise  from  the  commencement  of 
the  aorta.  Its  nerves  proceed,  chiefly,  from  the 
pneumogastric  and  the  cervical  ganglions  of  the 
great  sympathetic.  The  heart  is  the  great  agent 
in  the  circulation.  By  its  contraction,  the  blood 
is  sent  over  every  part  of  the  body.  Its  action 
does  not  seem  to  be  directhj  owing  to  nervous 
influence  received  from  the  iDrain  or  spinal  mar- 
row, or  from  both.  The  circulation  may,  indeed, 
be  kept  up,  for  some  time,  if  both  brain  and  spi- 
nal marrow  be  destroyed. 

When  the  ear  is  applied  to  the  chest,  a  dull, 
lengthened  sound  is  heard,  which  is  synchronous 
with  the  arterial  pulse.  This  is  instantly  suc- 
ceeded by  a  sharp,  quick  sound,  like  that  of  the 
valve  of  a  bellows  or  the  lapping  of  a  dog,  and 
this  is  followed  by  a  period  of  repose.  The  first 
sound  appears  to  be  mainly  produced  by  the  con- 
traction of  the  ventricles;  the  second,  by  the  re- 
flux of  the  blood  against  the  semilunar  valves. 
These  are  what  are  called  the  Sounds  of  the 
Heart,  (F.)  Bruits  du  Coeur.  Dr.  C.  J.  B.  Wil- 
liams thinks  that  the  word  hilb-dap  conveys  a 
notion  of  the  two  sounds.  The  Beating  or  Jm- 
pidse  of  the  heart,  Heart-stroke,  Pulsus  seu  Ictus 
cordis,  (F.)  Impulsion  du  Coeur,  against  the  pari- 
etes of  the  chest,  is  mainly  caused,  perhaps,  by 
the  systole  of  the  heart,  which  tends  to  project  it 
forwards.  It  is  doubted,  however,  by  some, 
whether  the  impulsion  be  produced  by  the  dila- 
tation or  the  contraction  of  the  ventricles. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  difi'erent  ac- 
tions of  the  heart,  and  their  coincidence  with  its 
sounds  and  impulse.  It  presumes,  that  the  period 
from  the  commencement  of  one  pulsation  to  that 
of  another  is  divided  into  eight  parts;  and  if  the 
case  of  a  person,  whose  pulse  beats  sixty  times 
in  a  minute,  be  taken,  each  of  these  parts  will 
represent  the  eighth  of  a  second. 

Eighths  of  a  Second. 

Last  part  of  the  pause....!. ..Auricles  contracting; 
ventricles  distend- 
ed. 

First  sound  and  impulsed...  Ventricles  contract- 
ing; auricles  dilat- 

Second  sound 2... Ventricles    dilating; 

auricles  dilating. 
Pause 1... Ventricles    dilating; 

auricles  distended. 

The  heart  is  subject  to  difi'erent  organic  dis- 
eases; the  chief  of  which  are  aneurism,  contrac- 
tion of  the  apertures,  and  rupture  of  its  parietes. 

Heart,  At'rophy  op  the,  Atroph'ia  seu  Ari- 
29 


j  du' ra  seu  Phthisis  Cordis,  Cardintroph' ia,  Acar- 
I  diotroph'ia.  A  condition  of  the  organ  in  which 
I  there  is  diminution  in  the  thickness  of  the  pari- 
!  etes  of  the  whole  organ. 

Heart,  Beating  of  the,  see  Heart  —  h.  Dila- 
tation of  the,  see  Aneurism — h.  Displacement  of 
the,  Ectopia  Cordis — h.  Fatty,  Steatosis  cordis. 

Heart,  Hy'pertrophy  of  the,  Hypertroph'ia 
Cordis,  Hypercor' dia,  Hypersarco' sis  Cordis,  Hy- 
percardiotroph'ia,  Cardiaux'e,  Aneurys'ma  cor- 
dis acti'vum  (Corvisart),  Cor  bovi'iium  seu  tauri'- 
num,  Snor'mitas  cordis,  (F.)  Hypertrojihie  du 
Coeur.  Supernutrition  of  the  muscular  parietes 
of  the  heart,  which  are  thicker  than  usual ;  the 
cavities  being  generally  diminished.  The  phys- 
ical signs  which  indicate  it  are  the  following.  In 
cases  of  long  standing,  the  prtecordial  region  is 
generally  prominent;  the  pulsations  of  the  heart 
are  visible  over  a  greater  extent  than  natural; 
and  a  marked  vibration  is  communicated  to  the 
hand  when  placed  on  the  cardiac  region.  The 
dull  sound  on  percussion  is  more  extensive  than 
natural;  and  on  auscultation  there  is  a  perma- 
nent increase  of  the  force  and  extent  of  the 
heart's  action  ;  there  is  no  increase,  however,  of 
frequency,  and  the  rhythm  is  regular.  The  pulse 
is  generally  strong,  full,  and  hard. 

Heart,  Hypertrophy  with  Dilatatiox  of 
THE,  Active  an'eurism,  Eccen'tric  hy'pertrophy. 
In  this  affection,  the  pulsations  can  be  seen  and 
felt  over  a  larger  space,  and  the  apex  is  more  to 
the  left  and  lower  down  than  natural.  The  im- 
pulse is  less  steadj',  but  at  times  more  violent 
than  that  which  accompanies  simple  hypertrophy. 
Percussion  gives  more  distinct  evidence  of  the 
enlargement,  the  sound  being  more  extensively 
dull.  On  auscultation,  >,he  impulse  is  often  vio- 
lent, but  irregular  :  in  extreme  cases,  it  produces 
the  sensation  of  a  large  mass  of  flesh  rolling  or 
revolving  beneath  the  ear.  The  pulse  is  strong, 
full,  and  vibratory.  The  shock  of  the  heart's  ac- 
tion is  often  transmitted  to  the  whole  person,  and 
to  the  bed  on  which  the  patient  is  lying. 

Heart,  Concentric  Hypertrophy  of  the, 
(F.)  Hypertrophie  concentrique,  Hypertrophic 
centripete  du  Coeur,  Petrait  ventricidaire,  Cardi- 
arctie,  is  when  the  parietes  augment  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  cavities. 

Heart,  Impulse  of  the,  see  Heart  —  h.  Neu- 
ralgia of  the,  Angina  Pectoris — h.  Rupture  of  the, 
Cardiorrhexis  —  h.  Sounds  of  the,  see  Heart — h. 
Stroke,  see  Heart. 

HEART'S  EASE,  Polygonum  persicaria,  Viola 
tricolor. 

HEARTS,  LYMPH,  Lymphatic  hearts— h. 
Lymphatic,  Lymphatic  hearts. 

HEARTAXES,  Ardor  ventriculi. 

HEARTBURN,  Ardor  ventriculi,  Cardialgia. 

HEARTSCALD,  Ardor  ventriculi. 

HEART-SCIRTS,  Diaphragm. 

HEARTWORT,  Laserpitium  album. 

HEAT,  past  participle  of  Sax.  hgetan,  'to  make 
warm.'  Calor,  Therma,  -Stp/ij?.  (F.)  Chaleur. 
The  material  cause,  which  produces  the  sensa- 
tion— ^or  the  particular  sensation  itself — produced 
by  a  body  of  an  elevated  temperature,  on  our  or- 
gans, especially  on  the  organs  of  touch.  Modern 
chymists  have  given  the  name  Calor' ic  to  the 
principle,  whatever  may  be  its  nature,  which  is 
the  cause  of  heat.  When  we  touch  a  body  of  a 
temperature  superior  to  our  own,  a  portion  of 
caloric  passes  from  the  body  to  the  hand,  and 
produces  the  sensation  of  heat.  If,  on  the  con- 
trary, we  touch  a  body  of  a  temperature  inferior 
to  our  own,  we  communicate  a  portion  of  our 
caloric  to  it,  and  experience  the  sensation  oi  cold. 
Our  own  sensations  are  but  imperfect  indexes  of 
temperature.  Two  men  meeting  at  the  middle 
i  of  a  mountain, — the  one  ascending,  the  other  de- 


HEAT 


450 


HEAT 


gcending, — will  experience  different  sensations. 
The  one  ascending,  passes  from  a  warmer  to  a 
colder  atmosphere;  —  the  one  descending  from  a 
colder  to  a  warmer. 

The  chief  instrument  for  measuring  heat,  used 


in  medicine,  is  the  thermometer.  Of  this  there 
are  three  kinds:  —  that  of  Fahrenheit,  that  of 
Reaumur,  and  that  of  Celsius  or  the  Centigrade, 
The  following  Table  exhibits  the  correspondence 
of  these  different  thermometric  scales. 


Fah. 

Keau. 

Centig. 

Fah. 

R6au. 

Centig. 

F.ah. 

Keau. 

Centig. 

Fah. 

E6au. 

Centig. 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

212a 

80.00 

100.00 

148 

51.55 

64.44 

85 

23.55 

29.44 

22 

—  4.44 

—  5.55 

211 

79.55 

99.44 

147 

51.11 

63.88 

84 

23.11 

28.88 

21 

—  4.88 

—  6.11 

2106 

79.11 

98.88 

146 

50.66 

63.33 

83 

22.66 

28.33 

20m 

—  5.33 

—  6.66 

209 

78.66 

98.33 

145 

50.22 

62.77 

82 

22.22 

27.77 

19 

—  5.77' 

—  7.22 

208 

78.22 

97.77 

144 

49.77 

62.22 

81o 

21.77 

27.22 

18 

—  6.22 

—  7.77 

207 

77.77 

97.22 

143 

49.33 

61.66 

SO 

21.33 

26.66 

17 

—  6.66 

—  8.33 

206 

77.33 

96.66 

1425r 

48.88 

61.11 

79 

20.88 

26.11 

16 

—  7.11 

—  8.88 

205 

76.88 

96.11 

141 

48.44 

60.55 

78 

20.44 

25.55 

15 

—  7.65 

—  9.44 

204 

76.44 

95.65 

140 

48.00 

60.00 

77 

20.00 

25.00 

14 

—  8.00 

—10.00 

203 

76.00 

95.00 

139 

47.55 

.59.44 

76p 

19.55 

24.44 

13 

—  8.44 

—10.55 

202 

75.55 

94.44 

138 

47.11 

58.88 

75 

19.11 

23.88 

12 

—  8.88 

—11.11 

201 

75.11 

93.88 

137 

46.66 

68.33 

74 

18.66 

23.33 

11 

—  9.33 

—11.66 

200 

74.66 

93.33 

136 

46.22 

57.77 

73 

18.22 

22.77 

10 

—  9.77 

—12.22 

199 

74.22 

92.77 

135 

45.77 

57.22 

72 

17.77 

22  22 

9 

—10.22 

—12.77 

198 

73.77 

92.22 

134 

45.33 

56.66 

71 

17.33 

21.66 

8 

—10.66 

—13.33 

197 

73.33 

91.66 

1337J 

44.84 

56.11 

70 

16.88 

21.11 

7d 

—11.11 

-13.88 

196c 

72.88 

91.11 

132 

44.45 

56.55 

69 

16.44 

20.55 

6 

—11.55 

-14.44 

195 

72.44 

90.55 

131 

44.00 

55.00 

68 

16.00 

20.00 

5 

—12.00 

--15.00 

194 

72.00 

90.00 

130 

43.55 

64.44 

67 

15.55 

19.44 

4 

—12.44 

—16.55 

193 

71.55 

89.44 

129 

43.11 

63.88 

66 

15.11 

18.88 

3 

—12.88 

—16.11 

192 

71.11 

■  88.88 

128 

42.66 

53.33 

65 

14.66 

18.33 

2 

—13.33 

—16.66 

191 

70.66 

88.33 

127 

42.22 

52.77 

64 

14.22 

17.77 

1 

—13.77 

—17,22 

190 

70.22 

87.77 

126 

41.77 

52.22 

63 

13.77 

17.22 

0 

—14.22 

—17.77    ! 

1     189 

69.77 

87.22 

125 

41.33 

51.66 

62 

13.33 

16.66 

—  1 

—14.66 

—18.33 

,     188 

69.33 

86.66 

124 

40.88 

51.11 

61 

12.88 

16.11 

—  2W 

—15.11 

—18.88 

'     187 

68.88 

86.11 

123 

40.44 

50.55 

60 

12.44 

15.65 

—  3 

—16.55 

—19.44 

186 

68.44 

85.55 

122 

40.00 

50.00 

59 

12.00 

15.00 

—  4 

—16.00 

—20.00 

185 

68.00 

85.00 

121 

39.55 

49.44 

68 

11.55 

14.44 

—  5 

—16.4.4 

—20.55 

184 

67.55 

84.44 

120 

39.11 

48.88 

57 

11.11 

13.88 

—  6 

-16.88 

—21.11 

183 

67.11 

83.88 

119 

38.66 

48.33 

56 

10.66 

13.33 

—  Ix 

—17.33 

—21.66 

182 

66.66 

83..33 

118 

38.22 

47.77 

55 

10.22 

12.77 

—  8 

—17.77 

—22.22 

181 

66.22 

82.77 

117 

37.77 

47.22 

54 

9.77 

12.22 

—  9 

—18.22 

—22.77 

180 

65.77 

82.22 

116 

37.33 

46.06 

53 

9.33 

11^66 

—10 

—18.66 

—23.33 

179 

65.33 

81.66 

115 

36.88 

46.11 

52 

8.88 

11.11 

-\\y 

—19.11 

—23.88 

178d 

64.88 

81.11 

114 

36.44 

45.65 

51 

8.44 

10.65 

—12 

—19.55 

—24  44 

177 

64.44 

80.55 

113 

36.00 

45.00 

50? 

8.00 

10.00 

—13 

—20.00 

—25  00 

176 

64.00 

80.00 

112 

35.55 

44.44 

49 

7.55 

9.44 

—14 

—20.44 

—26  55 

175 

63.55 

79.44 

111 

85.11 

43.88 

48 

7.11 

8.88 

—15 

—20.88 

—26  11 

174e 

63.11 

78.88 

llOi 

34.66 

43.33 

47 

6.66 

8.33 

—16 

—21.33 

—26  66 

173 

62.66 

78.33 

109 

34.22 

42.77 

46 

6.22 

7.77 

—17 

—21.77 

—27.22 

172 

62.22 

77.77 

108 

33.77 

42.22 

45 

5.77 

7.22 

—18 

—22.22 

—27.77 

171 

61.77 

77.22 

107 

33.33 

41.60 

44 

5.33 

6.66 

—19 

—22.66 

—28.33 

170 

61..33 

76.66 

1067 

32.88 

41.11 

43 

4.88 

6.11 

—20 

—23.11 

-28.88 

169 

60.88 

76.11 

105 

32.44 

40.55 

42 

4.44 

5. .55 

—21 

—23.55 

— 29.4t 

168 

60.44 

75.55 

104/i; 

32.00 

40.00 

41 

4.00 

5.00 

—22 

—24.00 

—30.00 

167/ 

60.00 

75.00 

103 

31.55 

39.44 

40 

3.55 

4.44 

—23 

—24.44 

—30.55 

166 

59.55 

74.44 

102Z 

31.11 

38.88 

39 

3.11 

3.88 

—24 

—24.88 

—31.11 

165 

59.11 

73.88 

101 

30.66 

38..33 

38 

2.06 

3.33 

—25 

—25.33 

—31.69 

164 

58.66 

73.33 

loom 

30.22 

37.77 

37 

2.22 

2.77 

—26 

—25.77 

—.32.22 

163 

58.22 

72.77 

99 

29.77 

37.22 

36 

1.77 

2.22 

—27 

—26.22 

—32.77 

162 

57.77 

72.22 

98n 

29.33 

30l66 

35 

1.33 

1.66 

—28 

—26.66 

—33.33 

161 

57.33 

7l!66 

97 

28.88 

36.11 

34 

0.88 

1.11 

—29 

—27.11 

—33.88 

160 

56.88 

71.11 

96 

28.44 

35.55 

33 

0.44 

0.55 

—30 

—27.55 

—34.44 

159 

56.44 

70.55 

95 

28.00 

35.00 

32r 

0.00 

0.00 

—31 

—28.84 

—35.00 

158 

56.00 

70.00 

94 

27.55 

34.44 

31 

—0.^14 

—0.55 

—32 

—28.00 

—35.65 

157 

55.55 

69.44 

93 

27.11 

33.88 

30s 

—0.88 

—1.61 

—33 

-28.88 

—36.18 

156 

55.11 

08.88 

92 

26.06 

33.33 

29 

—1.33 

—1.66 

—34 

—29.33 

—36.66 

155 

54.66 

6S..33 

91 

26.22 

32.77 

28i! 

—1.77 

2  22 

—35 

—29.77 

—37.22 

154 

54.22 

67.77 

90 

25.77 

32.22 

27 

—2.22 

— 2'.77 

—36 

—30.22 

—.-57.77 

153 

53.77 

67.22 

89 

25.33 

31.66 

26 

—2.66 

—3.33 

-57 

—30.66 

—38.23 

152 

53.33 

66.66 

88 

24.88 

31.11 

25 

—3.11 

—3.88 

—38 

—31.11 

—38.88 

151 

52.88 

66.11 

87 

24,44 

30.55 

24 

—3.55 

—4.44 

—392 

—31.55 

—39.44 

150 

52.44 

65.55 

86 

24.00 

30.00 

23 

—4.00 

—5.00 

—40 

—32.00 

—40.00 

(     149 

52.00 

65.00 

a  Water  boils  (Barnm.  30  inches.) 

b  Heat  of  a  stoTe,  borne  by  Dr.  So- 
lander. 

c  Heat  of  a  stove,  borne  for  10  mi- 
nutes by  Sir  Joseph  Banks  and  Dr. 
Solander. 

d  Water  simmers. 

e  Alcohol  boils. 

J'  Very  pure  ether  distils. 

g  Bees'  wax  melts. 

h  Spermaceti  melts. 


i  Temperature  >at  which  liquids 
arc  often  drunk. 

j  Heat  observed  in  Scarlatina. 

k  Temperature  of  the  common  ben. 

I  Temperature  of  arterial  blood.  [?] 

m  Temperature  of  venous  blood. 
Phaophorus  melts. 

n  Ether  lioils.   o  Nitric  ether  boils. 

X)  Muriatic  ether  boils. 

g  Medium  temperature  of  the 
globe.  r  Ice  melts. 


.I  Milk  freezes. 

t  Yiiiegar  freezes. 

w  Strong  wine  freezes. 

V  A  mixture  of  one  part  of  alcoho? 
and  three  of  water  freezes. 

IV  Cold  at  the  battle  of  Eylau,  1807 

X  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  al- 
cohol and  water  freezes. 

?/  A  mixture  of  two  parts  of  alco- 
hol and  ont  Of  water  freezes. 

z  Melting  point  of  quicksilver. 


To  reduce  Centigrade  degrees  to  those  of  Fah- 
renheit, multiply  by  9,  divide  by  5,  and  add  32; 
thus,  40°  Cei>t.  X  9  -H  5  -f  32  =  104°  Fahr.  To 
reduce  Fahrenheit's  degrees  to  those  of  Centigrade, 
subtract  32,  multiply  by  5,  and  divide  by  9 :  thus, 


104°  Fahr.— 32  X  5  ^  9  =  40°  Cent.  To  re- 
duce Reaumur's  degrees  to  those  of  Fahrenheit, 
multiply  by  9,  divide  by  4,  and  add"  32;  thus,  32' 
Reaum.  X  9  -f-  4  +  32  =  104°  F"hr.  To  reduce 
Fahrenheit's  degrees  to  those  of  Riaumiir,  subtract 


HEAT 


451 


HECTIC   FEVER 


S2,  multiply  by  4,  and  divide  by  9  :  thus,  104° 
Pair. — 32  X  4  -f-  9  =  32  Reatim..  To  reduce 
Meaumur's  degrees  to  those  of  Centigrade,  multi- 
ply bj'  5,  and  divide  by  4:  thus  32°  Riawn. 
X  5  -i-  4  =  40°  Cent.  ;  and,  lastly,  to  reduce  Cen- 
tigrade degrees  to  those  of  Reaumur,  multiply  by 
4.  and  divide  by  5 :  thus,  40°  Cent.  X  4  -^  5  =  32° 
lleaum. 

rahrenlieit.  Centigrade.  Eeaumur. 


Thermometers. 

The  human  body  can  bear  a  high  degree  of 
heat  diffused  in  the  atmosphere.  There  are  cases 
on  record,  where  air  of  400°  and  upwards,  of 
Fahrenheit's  scale,  has  been  breathed  with  im- 
punity for  a  short  time.  It  can  likewise  with- 
stand very  severe  cold.  In  the  expedition  of 
Capt.  Back  to  the  Arctic  regions,  the  thermome- 
ter was  as  low  as  —  70°  of  Fahr.,  and  Sir  George 
Simpson  affirms,  that  it  has  fallen  in  Siberia  to 
■ — S3°,  or  115°  below  the  freezing  point.  Dr. 
Kane,  in  the  Arctic  regions,  in  1853-54,  observed 
the  range  of  eleven  spirit  thermometers,  selected 
as  standards,  to  vary  from  —  60°  to  —  75°.  The 
mean  annual  temperature  was  6°. 2 — the  lowest 
ever  registered. 

Excessive  heat  disposes  the  body  to  gastric 
and  intestinal  diseases,  and  particularly  to  in- 
flammation and  enlargement  of  the  liver  ;  hence, 
the  frequency  of  such  affections  within  the  torrid 
zone.  Heat  is  often  used  therapeutically :  the 
actual  cautery,  at  a  white  heat,  disorganizes  the 
parts  to  which  it  is  applied  :  a  lesser  degree  occa- 
sions violent  inflammation.  Heat  higher  than 
that  of  the  human  body  is  excitant;  of  a  lower 
degree,  sedative.  Excessive  cold  acts  as  a  power- 
ful sedative  —  inducing  sleep,  the  tendency  to 
which,  after  long  exposure,  becomes  irresistible. 
See  Cold.  Many  of  the  topical  applications  —  as 
cataplasms — act  wholly  by  virtue  of  their  warmth 
and  moisture. 

Heat,  Ardor vene'reus,  Prtiri' tuSy^F .)  Chaleurs, 
Chaleurs  des  Animaux,  Rut,  is  the  periodical  sex- 
ual desire  experienced  by  animals, — CEstrua'tion. 
It  is  supposed  by  some  to  be  owing  to  the  periodi- 
cal maturation  and  discharge  of  ova, —  Omda'tion. 

Heat,  Acrid,  see  Acrid  —  h.  Animal,  see  Ani- 
mal Heat. 

Heat  Apoplexy,  see  Coup-de-soleil. 

Heat,  Inter'nal,  (F.)  Chaleur  interne,  is  a 
sensation  of  heat  felt  by  the  patient,  but  not  sen- 
sible to  the  touch.  External  heat,  (F.)  Chaleur 
exterieure,  that  which  can  be  felt  by  others. 
Heat,  Ardor,  is  called  moist,  (P.)  halitexise.  when 


accompanied  with  moisture,  like  that  felt  after 
bathing;  rfc^,  (F.)  secfte,  when  the  skin  has  not 
its  ordinary  softness.  It  is  called  acrid  and  pun- 
gent, (F.)  acre  et  mordicaute,  when  it  conveys  a 
disagreeable  tingling  to  the  fingers.  The  French 
employ  the  terms  nervous  heat  and  errat'ic  heat, 
Chaleur  nerveuse  and  Chaleur  erratique,  for  that 
which  comes  by  flushes,  alternating  with  chills, 
and  which  moves  rapidly  from  one  part  to  an- 
other. M.  Double  has  used  the  term  septic  heat, 
(F.)  Chaleur  septique,  for  that  which  produces  a 
pungent  sensation  on  the  hand,  similar  to  that 
of  the  acrid  heat,  but  milder  and  more  uniform, 
and  which  is  accompanied  with  feebleness  and 
frequency  of  pulse,  &c. 

Heat,  Prickly,  Lichen  tropicus. 
HEATH,  COMiMON,  Erica  vulgaris. 
HEATHER,  Erica  vulgaris. 
HEATHER-CLU,  Malleolus. 
HEAUTOPHONICS,  see  Autophonia. 
HEAVINESS,  Somnolency. 
HEAVING,  Vomiturition. 
HEAVY,     Grams,    (F.)    Gravafif,    from    Sax. 
heapan,  '  to   heave.'     An    epithet  given  to  any 
pain  which  consists  in  a  sensation  of  weight  or 
heaviness,  or  is  accompanied  by  such  sensation. 
HEBDOMADAL  CYCLE,  see  Cycle. 
HEBDOMADARIA,  Octana. 
HEBE,    't;/3i7,    Juven'ta,     Juven'tas,    Jacen'tns, 
Hora.      In   antiquity,  the   goddess    of  puberty. 
The  word  has   been    employed   to   designate,  1. 
The  first  hair  that  grows  on  the  pubes,  2.  The 
pubic  resion,  and  3.  Puberty. 
HEBETES,  Adolescens. 
HEBETOR,  Adolescens. 

HEBETUDO  ANIMI,  Imbecility —  h.  Den- 
tium,  Hsemodia — h.  Visus,  Amblyopia,  Astheno- 
pia, Caligo. 

HEBRADENDRON  CAMBOGIOIDES,  sec 
Cambogia. 

HEBREWS,  MED'ICINE  OF  THE.  Medi- 
cine seems  to  have  been  at  a  very  low  ebb  with 
the  ancient  Hebrews.  Of  anatomy  they  knew 
nothing.  Their  physiology  was  imperfect  and 
filled  with  superstitions;  and  their  therapeuficn 
unsatisfactory.  Hygiene  appears  to  have  been 
most  attended  to.  Of  the  other  departments  of 
medicine  we  cannot  judge  of  their  knowledge. 

HECATOMA  PALUSTRIS,  Ranunculus  sce- 
leratus. 

HECATOMPHYLLUM,  Rosa  centifolia 
HECH,  Anhelatio. 
HECKBERRY,  Prunus  padus. 
HEC'TEUS,  'cKTtvs.     A  Greek  measure,  con- 
taining about  72  chopines  or  pints. 

HECTIC  FEVER,  Febris  hec'tica  sen  jihthis'- 
ica  sen  marasmo'des  seu  tah'ida  seu  lenta  seu 
amphimer'ina  hec'tica  seu  amato'ria,  Hecticop'- 
yra,  Hecticopyr' etos,  Hec'tica,  Awp)himer'ina  hec'.- 
tica,  Syntecop' yra,  Syntecticop' yra,  Marasnwp' - 
yra,  Leucopyr'ia,  Epan'etus  hec'tica,  Ckloro'si» 
amato'ria,  Ettiek,  (Sc.)  Ethik,  Etick,  (F.)  Fievre 
Hectique  ou  Etique,  from  'c^is,  '  habit  of  body ;' 
because  in  this  disease  every  part  of  the  body  is 
emaciated  ;  or,  perhaps,  from  tKTtjKui, '  I  consume,' 
*  I  am  exhausted.'  The  name  of  a  slow,  continued, 
or  remittent  fever,  which  generally  accompanies 
the  end  of  organic  affections,  and  has  been  es- 
teemed idiopathic,  although  it  is  probably  always 
symptomatic.  It  is  the  fever  of  irritation  and 
debility;  and  is  characterized  by  progressive  ema- 
ciation, frequent  pulse,  hot  skin,  —  especially  of 
the  palms  of  the  hands  and  soles  of  the  feet, — 
and,  towards  the  end,  colliquative  sweats  and 
diarrhoea.  Being  symptomatic,  it  can  only  be 
removed  by  getting  rid  of  the  original  affection. 
This  is  generally  diflicult,  and  almost  hopeless  in 
the  disease  which  it  most  commonly  accompa- 
nies,— consumption. 


HECTICA 


452 


HELICINE 


HECTICA,  Hectic  Fever— h.  Infantilis,  Fever, 
infantile  remittent. 
HECTICOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 
HECTICOPYRETOS,  Hectic  fever. 
HEC'TISIS,  (F.)  Etiste.    Same  etymon.     The 
itate  of  those  who  have  hectic  fever. 

HECTOGRAMME,  Hectogram' ma,  from  'cKa- 
Tov,  'a  hundred,' and  ypafifna.  A  measure  of  100 
grammes,  i.  e.,  3  ounces,  1  drachm,  and  44  grains, 
Troy. 

HECTOLITRE.      A  measure  containing  100 
litres  or  26.42  wine  pints. 
HECUSIUS,  Voluntary. 

HEDEO'MA,  Hedeo'ma  pnlegioVdes,  Cimi'la 
pulecjio'i'des,  Ifelis'sa  j^^degio'ides,  Penvyroyal, 
Tickweed,  Stinking  Balm,  Si/uawmint.  Sex.  Syst. 
Diandria  Monogynia  ;  Not.  Ord.  Labiatse.  From 
'ribvs,  'agreeable.'  An  indigenous  plant,  common 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  which, 
where  it  is  abundant,  perfumes  the  air  for  a  con- 
siderable distance.  It  is  employed  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  mints  and  the  English  pennyroyal. 
In  popular  practice  it  is  used  as  an  emmenagogue. 

The  O'leum  Hedeo'mcB  (Ph.  U.  S.)  or  Oil  of 
Pennyroyal  is  used  as  a  stimulating  carminative, 
dropped  on  sugar.     Dose,  2  to  6  drops. 

HEDERA  ARBOREA,  H.  Helix. 

Hed'era  Helix,  Hed'era  arbo'rea,  B^o'cJtic.a, 
Cissos,  Kiaaog,  Cittos,  kittos,  Ed' era,  Corymbe'tra, 
Corym'hos,  (Sc.)  Bindioood,  Ivy,  (F.)  Lierre,  L. 
Commtin  ou  grimpnnt.  Ord.  Araliaceaj.  The 
taste  of  ivy  leaves  is  bitter,  styptic,  and  nauseous. 
They  are  not  used  in  medicine.  According  to 
Ilaller,  they  were  recommended  in  Germany 
against  the  atrophy  of  children  ;  and  the  common 
people  of  England  sometimes  apply  them  to  run- 
ning sores  and  to  keep  issues  open.  The  berries 
were  supposed,  by  the  ancients,  to  have  an  emetic 
and  purgative  quality;  and  a  watery  extract  was 
made  from  them,  called  by  Quercetanus  Extrac- 
tiini  2mrgans.  From  the  stalk  of  the  tree  a  re- 
sinous juice  exudes,  in  warm  climates,  called 
Gnmmi  Hed'era,  Ivy  Gam,  (P.)  Gomme  de  lierre, 
Resine  de  lierre.  It  is  possessed  of  tonic  and 
astringent  properties,  but  is  not  used. 

Hedera  Terrestris,  Glechoma  hederaeea. 

HEDERULA,  Glechoma  hederaeea. 

HEDE,  Head. 

HEDEVERK,  Cephalalgia.' 

HEDEWARK,  Cephalalgia. 

HEDISARUM  ALHAGI,  Agul. 

HEDRA,  'e&pa,  'eSprj,  'a  vestige,'  'a  seat.'  A 
seat.  A  fracture  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  in 
which  the  trace  of  the  fracturing  instrument  is 
still  perceptible.  It  was,  also,  used  by  the  an- 
cients, for  the  anus,  the  breech,  excrement,  a 
privy,  a  night-chair,  and  for  the  bottom  of  an 
abscess. 

HEDROCELE,  Proctocele. 

HEDYCH'ROUM,  from  'n^vg,  'agreeable,'  and 
Xpoa,  'colour.'  A  remedy  of  a  pleasant  colour. 
Applied  to  certain  trochs,  the  chief  constituent  of 
which  was  theriac. 

HEDYPHO'NIA,  from  Vvf,  'sweet,'  and  (poivri, 
'voice.'     Sweetness  of  voice. 

HEDYPNEUS'TUS,  Hedyp'vous,  from  'n^v;, 
'sweet,'  and  ttj/eo),  '  I  breathe.'  Breathing  sweetly 
or  softly.     Smelling  sweetly. 

HEDYPNOIS  TARAXACUM,  Leontodon  ta- 
raxacum. 

HEDYSARUM  ALHAGI,  Agul. 

HEDYSMA.  Condiment. 

HEEL,  see  Calcaneum  — h.  Clubfoot,  see  Kyl- 
losis. 

HEGII,  Anhelatio. 

HBIL,  Sanitas. 

HELCENTERITIS,  Dothinenteritis. 

ITELCOC'ACE,    Cachelco'ma,    from    'c>^kos, 


'ulcer,'     and    KaKrj,    'badness.'      A    malignant 
ulcer. 

HELCODES,  Ulcerated,  Ulcerous. 

UELCOL'OGY,  Heleolog''ia,  from  'eXkos,  'ul- 
cer, and  ^oyog,  'discourse.'  The  doctrine  of,  or 
a  treatise  on,  ulcers. 

HELCOMA,  Ulcer. 

HBLCOMENIA,  Menelcosis. 

HELCOPHTHAL'MIA,  OpJtthaVmia  ulcero'sa. 
Ophthalmia  with  ulceration. 

HEL'COPLASTY,  Hel'koplasfy,  El'Icoplasfy, 
Elc'oplasty ;  from  'cXkos,  'an  ulcer,'  and  nXaaaa, 
'  I  form.'  An  operation  which  consists  in  grafting 
on  an  ulcer  a  piece  of  skin  from  the  opposite 
limb,  or  from  the  limb  of  another  person,  when 
the  destruction  of  skin  is  too  great  to  permit  the 
healing  process. 

HEL'COS,  from  'sXko;,  'an  ulcer.'    Hence: 

HELCOSIS,  Elcosis,  Ulceration —h.  Cerebri, 
Encephalopyosis — h.  Laryngis,  Phthisis  laryngea 
— h.  Pulmonalis,  Phthisis  pulmonalis — h.  Rena- 
lis,  Nephrelcosis  —  h.  Uteri,  see  Metrophthisis  — 
h.  Vesicfe,  Cystophthisis. 

HELCOSTAPHYLO'MA,  from  't\>co;,  'ulcer,' 
and  aTa(pv\oiiJLa,  'staphyloma.'  Staphyloma  end- 
ing in  ulceration. 

HELCOXERO'SIS,  from  'c),Kog,  'ulcer,'  and 
^ripiiiaig,  'dryness.'     The  drying  of  an  ulcer. 

HELCTICA,  Epispastics. 

HELCUS,  Ulcer. 

HELCYD'RION,  Helcyd'riim,  'tlKv&piov,  Ul- 
cns'culum,  a  small  ulcer,  a  superficial  ulceration 
of  the  cornea. — Galen,  Paulus,  Foesius. 

HELCYS'TER,  'ikKvcrnp..  from  'c^kw,  '  T  draw.' 
An  iron  hook  or  crotchet  for  extracting  the  foetus. 
See  Crotchet. 

HELENIUM,  Inula  helenium. 

Helen'ium  Autumna'le,  Fohe  Sun/lower, 
Sneezewort,  Sneezeweed,  Swamp  Sunflower,  Yel- 
low star,  Ox-eye.  Ord.  Compositse.  An  indi- 
genous herb,  with  large  golden-yellow  compound 
flowers,  which  appear  in  August.  All  its  parts 
are  bitter  and  somewhat  acrid,  and  when  snuifed 
up  the  nostrils  in  powder  are  powerful  sternu- 
tatories. 

HELIAN'THEMUM  CANADEN'SB.  Cistns 
Canaden'ais,  Erostwort,  Frostweed,  Frost  plant, 
Back  rose.  Ord.  Cistacese.  An  herbaceous  plant, 
Helianthemum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  having  large  yellow 
flowers,  which  grows  in  all  parts  of  the  United 
States,  and  flowers,  in  the  Middle  States,  in  June. 
It  has  an  astringent,  slightly  aromatic,  and 
bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  prescribed  in  scrofula, 
but  probably  is  nothing  more  than  an  aromatic 
tonic. 

Helia!^'themum  Corymbo'sum,  Bock  rose,  an 
indigenous  plant,  is  used  in  the  same  cases. 

HBLIASIS,  Astrabolismus.  Insolation. 

HELICH'RYSUM  NUDIFO'LIUM,  Coffer- 
tea.  A  South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Compo- 
sitse,  which  is  demulcent,  and,  in  the  form  of  in- 
fusion, is  recommended  in  catarrh,  phthisis,  and 
other  pulmonary  affections. 

Helichrysum  Serpyllipo'lium,  Hottentot's 
tea,  and  Helichrysum  Auricula'tum  have  simi- 
lar virtues. 

HELICIA,  Age. 

HEL'ICINE,  Helic"hms,  HelicoVdes,  Helico'- 
des,  from  helix,  helicis,  'the  tendril  of  the  vine.' 
Resembling  in  form  the  tendril  of  the  vine. 

Helicine  Arteries  of  the  penis,  as  described 
by  J.  Miiller,  are  short  vessels  given  off  from  the 
larger  branches,  as  well  as  from  the  finest  twigs 
of  the  artery  of  the  organ  :  most  of  those  come 
off  at  a  right  angle,  and  project  into  the  cavity 
of  the  spongy  substance,  either  terminating  ab- 
ruptly or  swelling  out  into  a  club-like  process 
without  again  subdividing.  Almost  all  these 
vessels  are  bent  like  a  horn,  so  that  the  end  de- 


HELICIS   MAJOR 


4  53 


HEMACHROIN 


scribes  half  a  circle  or  somewhat  more.  They 
have  a  great  resemblance  to  the  tendrils  of  the 
vine,  whence  their  name.  A  minute  examina- 
tion of  them,  either  with  the  lens  or  the  micro- 
scope, shows  that,  although  they  at  all  times 
project  into  the  veaous  cavities  of  the  corpora 
cavernosa,  they  are  not  entirely  naked,  but  are 
covered  with  a  delicate  membrane,  which,  under 
J  the  microscope,  appears  granular. 

HEL'ICIS  MAJOR.  A  muscle  of  the  ear, 
which  originates  from  the  anterior,  acute  part  of 
the  helix,  upon  which  it  ascends  and  is  inserted 
into  the  helix.  It  pulls  the  part  into  which  it  is 
inserted  a  little  downwards  and  forwards. 

Helicis  Minor.  This  muscle  originates  from 
the  under  and  fore  part  of  the  helix,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  helix,  near  the  fissure  in  the  carti- 
lage, opposite  the  concha.     Its  use  is  to  contract 

HELICOfDES,  Helieine. 

HELICOTRE'MA,  from  'tAif,  'helix,  cochlea,' 
and  Tprifia,  'a  foramen.'  The  hole  by  which  the 
two  scalee  of  the  cochlea  communicate  at  the  apex. 

HELIENCEPHALITIS,  see  Coup  de  Soleil. 

HELIGMUS,  Convolution. 

HELIKIA,  Age. 

HELIONOSIS,  Insolation. 

HELIOSCIADIUM  NODIFLORUM,  Slum 
nodifiorum. 

HELIOSIS,  Astrabolismus,  Insolation. 

HELIOTROPE,  Heliotropium  Europaeum. 

HELIOTROPIOISr,  Cichorium  intybus. 

HELIOTRO'PIUM  EUROP^'UM,  H.  erec- 
tmn  seu  canes'cens  seu  supi'niim,  Verruca' ria. 
The  He'liotrope,  (F.)  Toiii-nesol,  Herhe  aux  ver- 
rups.  Orel.  Boraginacese.  This  plant  is  con- 
sidered to  possess  aperient  properties;  and  to  be 
capable  of  destroj'ing  cutaneous  excrescences ; 
hence  one  of  its  names. 

Heliotropium  In'uicum,  an  East  India  plant, 
naturalized  in  some  of  the  Western  and  Southern 
States,  probably  has  similar  virtues. 

HELIX,  'tXif,  Capre'olus,  from  ti^ttv,  'to 
envelop,'  'to  roll.'  The  fold  is  thus  called, 
which  forms  the  outer  circumferance  or  ring  of 
the  external  ear. 

Helix,  Limax. 

Helix  Pomatia,  (F.)  Limaqon,  Colimai^on,  Es- 
cargot.  A  large  kind  of  snail,  transported  from 
the  south  of  Europe  to  England  by. Sir  Kenelmo 
Digby,  for  his  lady  when  in  a  decline.  It  was 
con-sidered  highly  restorative. 

HELLA,  Incubus. 

HELLEBORASTER,  Helleborus  fcetidus  — h. 
Poetidus,  Helleborus  fcetidus. 

HELLEBORE,  Dracontium  foetidum— h.  Arae- 
rican,Veratrum  viride — h.  Black,  Helleborus  niger 
—  li.  Blanc,  Veratrum  album  — h.  Green,  Helle- 
borus viridis  —  h.  Noir,  Helleborus  niger  —  h. 
Stinking,  Helleborus  fcetidus — h.  Swamp,  Vera- 
trum viride — h.  White,  Veratrum  album. 

HELLEBORIS'MUS,  EUeboris'-mus.  The  me- 
thod of  treating  disease,  amongst  the  ancients,  bj' 
hellebore.  This  comprised  not  only  the  choice, 
preparation,  and  administration  of  the  medicine, 
but,  likewise,  the  knowledge  and  employment  of 
preliminary  precautions  and  remedies  proper  for 
aiding  its  action,  and  preventing  the  pernicious 
effects  which  it  might  occasion. 

HELLEBORUS,  H.  niger— h.  Albus,  Veratrum 
album  —  h.  Grandiflorus,  H.  niger  —  h.  Trifolius, 
Coptis. 

Helleb'orus  Fce'tidus,  Hellehoras'ter,  Elle- 
ioraster,  Stinhing  Hel'lehore  or  Bear's  font,  Set- 
terwort,  (F.)  Hellebore  ou  Ellebore  /elide,  Pied  de 
Griffon.  Ord.  Ranunculacese.  The  leaves  of 
this  plant  are  said  to  be  anthelmintic.  The 
Bmell  of  the  fresh  plant  is   extremely  fotid,  and 


the  taste  bitter  and  acrid.     It  usually  acts  as  a 
cathartic. 

Helleborus  Niger,  H.  grandiflo'rus,  Elleb'- 
orus  niger,  Meiampo' dium,  Jfelanorrhi'zum,  Ec'- 
tomon,  Black  HeVlebore,  3/elampode,  Christmas 
Rose,  Clove-tongue,  (F.)  Hellebore  noir.  The 
root  of  this  European  plant- — Helleborus,  (Ph. 
U.  S.) — has  a  disagreeable  odour,  and  bitter, 
acrid  taste.  It  is  possessed  of  cathartic  proper- 
ties, and  has  been  recommended  as  an  emmena- 
gogue.  It  has  been  given  in  mania,  melancholia, 
dropsy,  suppressed  menses,  &c.  Dose,  gr.  x  to 
9j,  as  a  cathartic. 

Helleborus  Vir'idis,  Green  Hellebore.  A 
European  plant,  naturalized  on  Long  Island,  has 
similar  properties  to  the  last. 

HELLECEBRA,  Sedum. 

HELLENIA  GRANDIFLORA,  Costus. 

HELMET-FLOWER,  YELLOW,  Aconitum 
Anthora. 

HELMET  POD,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni. 

HELMINS,  gemi\ve,Hehninthos,  plur.  Helmin'- 
tJies  seu  Elmin'tlies,  from  'tXjiivi,  '  a  worm.'  A 
worm;  anentozoon: — hence: 

HELMINTHAGOGUE,  Anthelmintic. 

HELMINTHI,  Worms. 

HELMINTHIA,  Helminthiasis  — h.  Alvi, 
Worms. 

Helmin'thia  Errat'ica.  Worms,  introduced 
by  accident  and  without  finding  a  proper  habita- 
tion in  the  stomach  or  intestines ;  producing 
spasmodic  colic,  with  severe  tormina,  and  oc- 
casionally vomiting  or  ejections  of  blood;  the 
12th  genus  of  the  order  Enterica,  class  Coiliaea, 
of  Good. 

Helminthia  Podicis,  Worms. 

HELMINTHI'ASIS,  Helmintliogen'esis.  A 
generic  name  for  the  condition  which  gives  occa- 
sion to  the  presence  of  intestinal  worms.  It  is, 
also,  called  Helmin'tJiia,  Vennina'tio,  3Iorbus  ver- 
I  mino'sus,  Status  verrnino'sus,  Sabur'ra  vermino'sa, 
Scoleci'asis,  ScoJece'sis,  Entozoogen'esis,  Parasi- 
tis'mrisintestina'lisj  Worm  disease,  Invermina'tion. 
See  Worms. 

HELMINTHIC,  Anthelmintic. 

HELMINTHOCHORTUM,  Corallina  Corsi- 
cana. 

HELMINTHOCOLICA,  Coliea  verminosa. 

HELMINTHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

HELMINTHOGENESIS,  Helminthiasis. 

HELMINTHOL'OGY,  Helmintholog"ia,  from 
helmins,  helrninfJios,  and  Xoyos,  '  a  description.' 
A  treatise  on  worms. 

HELMINTHONCUS,  Malis  — h.  Medinensis, 
Draeunculus. 

HELMINTHOP'YRA,  HelmintJiojri/r'etos,  Fe- 
bris  vermino'sa,  from  helmins,  helminthos,  and 
jTu/),  'a  fever.'  Fever  occasioned  by  worms.  See 
Fever,  verminous. 

HELMINTHOPYRETOS,  Helminthopyra. 

HELMINTHUS  GORDII,  Seta  equina. 

HELODES,  Elodes. 

HELONIAS  DIOICA,  Chamaslerium  luteum— 
h.  Erythrosperma,  Amianthum  muscaetoxicum — 
h.  Lutea,  ChamEelerium  luteum  —  h.  OfBcinalis, 
see  Veratrina. 

HELOPYRA,  Elodes  (febris^. 

HELOPYRETUS,  Elodes  (febris). 

HELOS,  Clavus,  Marsh. 

HEL0'SIS,i7eZo'fi«.-  from'aXu,  'I turn.'  Ever- 
sion  of  the  eyelids,  and  convulsions  of  the  muscles 
of  the  eves.     Plica  Polonica.     Strabismus. 

HELOTIS,  Helosis,  Plica. 

HELIIS,  Clavus,  Helos. 

HELVELLA  ESCULENTA,  Morchella  escu- 
lenta. 

HELXINE.  Parietaria. 

HEMACHROIN,  Heematin. 


HE  MAD  TNA  M^TEU 


454 


HEMISPHERE 


HEM  AD  YNAIfETBE,  Hjemadynamometer. 

HEMAB  YNAMIQ  UE  Haemadynamics. 

HEBTAPERITONIRRHAGIE,  Hmmaperito- 

inrrhag"ia  ;  from  'aifia,  '  blood,' periiodffiiini,  and 

,^nyvvyLL,  'I  break   forth.'     Hemorrhage  into  the 

pt:'rit(ineum. 

HEMAPBOGTIE,  HiKmorrhois. 
HEMASTATIQUES,  Haematostatica. 
HEJfATWROSE,  Sudor  cruentus. 
HEMATIN,  Heematin. 
HEiMATO-ENCEPHALIE,  Apoplexy. 
HBMATOID,  HEematodes. 
HE  MA  TO'iDINE,  Hsematoidin. 
HEMATOLOGIE,  Hsematology. 
HEMATOLOGY,  Hsematology. 
HEBIAT03IYELIE,  Hemorrhagie  de  la  3Io- 
elle  Epiniere. 

HEMATONCIE,  Hsematoncus,  see  Hsemato- 
des  fungus — h.  Fongo'ide,  Hsematodes  fungus. 
HE3IAT0PISIE,  Haematops. 
HEMATORRHACHIS,  Apoplexia  myelitiea. 
HEMATOSIN,  Haematin. 
HEMATOSTATICS,  Hsematostatica. 
HE3tA  TO  ST  A  TIQ  UES,  Hsematostatica. 
HE3IAT0Z0AIRES,  Htematozoa. 
HEiVENDOCARDE,  Haemendocardium. 
HEMERA,  'n^epa,  '  a  day.'    Eies.     Hence  : 
HEMERALOPIA,  see  Nyctalopia. 
Hemeralo'pia,    from   'riiitpa,  'the   day,'   and 
oTTTOjiai,    '  I    see.'      HcBineralo2->8,    Dijso'pia    seu 
Cali'yo  tenehra'rum,  Parop'sis  Noctrf' uga,   Visus 
diur'nus,  Nyetalo'pia  [of  some),  Nyctotyphlo'sis, 
Amblyo'pia  crepuscula'ris,  Cescitas  crepuscitla'ris 
seu    rwctur'na,   A'cies    diur'na,   Eay-sight,  Eay- 
vislon,  Hen  blindness,  Night  bh'ndnesn,  Noctur'nal 
Amauro'sis,    (F.)     Vue    diurne,    Aveuglsment    de 
Nnit.     A  disease,  in  which  the   eyes  enjoy  the 
faculty  of   seeing,  whilst  the  sun  is   above  the 
horizon,  but  are  incapable  of  seeing  by  the  aid 
of  artificial   light.     Its  causes  are   not  evident. 
The  eye,  when  carefully  examined,  presents  no 
alteration,  either  in  its  membranes  or  humours. 

HEM'ERALOPS,  Eo'rea.  One  labouring  under 
hemeralopia.     Also,  Hemeralopia. 
HEMERATYPHLOSIS,  Nyctalopia. 
HEMERODROMA,  Ephemera. 
HEMEROPATHI'A;  from  'vfitpa,  'a,  day,'  and 
iraQos,  'an  affection.'     A  disease,  which  continues 
only  a  da.j ;  or,  which  is  only  observed  during 
the  day. 

HEMEROTYPHLOSIS,  Nyctalopia 
HEMI,  'rjiit,  '7]fiiavi,  'half,'  'semi.'     Hence: 
HEMIACEPH'ALUS,  (P.)  nemiacephale,<irom 
.Tiemi,  a,  privative,  and  KC(j>a\v,  'head.'     A  mon- 
ster whose  head  is  represented   by  a  shapeless 
tumour,  with  some  appendages  or  cutaneous  folds 
anteriorly,  the  thoracic  extremities  existing. 
HEMIAMAUROSIS,  Hemiopia. 
HEMIANDRUS,  Eunuch. 
HEMIANOR,  Eunuch. 
HEMIANTHROPIA,  Mania. 
HEMIANTHROPUS,  Eunuch,  Maniac. 
HEMIAZYGA  (Vena),  see  Azygos  vein. 
HEMICEPHAL^A.  Heraicrania. 
HEMICEPHALiEUM,  Sinciput. 
HEMICEPHALIUM,  Sinciput. 
HEMICEPHALUM,  Sinciput. 
HEMICEPH'ALUS,    HemieucepJi'ahis,   Semi- 
ceph'alus,  from  hemi,  '  half,'  and  Ki<paXri,  '  head.' 
One  who  has  half  a  head. 

HEMICRA'NIA,  HemicepJialcB'a,  Jfigra'na, 
Grana,  Hemipa'gia,  Hemipe'gia,  Heterocra'nia, 
Monopa'gia,  Monope'gin,  Cephcdce'a  Hemicra'nia, 
Hemipathi'a,  Neural'gia  cerebra'lis,  Megrim, 
from  hemi,  'half,'  and  Kpaviov.  'cranium.'  (F.) 
Migraine.     Pain,  confined  to  one  half  the  head. 


It  is  almost  always  of  an  intermittent  character; 
— at  times,  continuing  only  as  long  as  the  sun  is 
above  the  horizon  :  and  hence  sometimes  called 
Sun-pain,  —  and  is  cured  by  cinchona,  arsenic, 
and  the  remedies  adapted  for  intermittents. 
Hemicrania  Idiopathica,  Neuralgia,  facial. 
HEMIDES'MUS    IN'DICUS,  Perip'loca  In'- 
dica,  Ascle'pias  Pseudosar'sa,  Sarsaparil'la  In'- 
dica,  Nannari,  Indian  Sarsaparilla.      Ord.  As- 
clepiadaceae.     A  Hindoostanee  plant,  the  root  of 
which,  Hemidesm' us  (Ph.  D.),  has  a  peculiar  aro- 
matic odour,  and  a  bitterish  taste.     It  is  used  in 
India  as  a  substitute  for  sarsaparilla. 
HEMIDIALYSIS,  Hemiplegia. 
HEMIDIAPHORE'SIS,     Transpira'tio     Uni- 
lat'era;  from  hemi,  'half,'  and  Sia(l>opt)ais,  'per- 
spiration.'    Perspiration  of  one  half  the  body. 

HEMIEC'TON,  Hemiec'teon,  Semisex'tum.  A 
vessel  capable  of  containing  36  chopines  or  pints, 
and  in  which  fumigations  were  made  in  diseases 
of  the  uterus  and  vagina. — Hippocrates. 

HEMIENCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Hemicncephale, 
from  hemi,  'one  half,'  and  tyKecpaXoi,  'the  ence- 
phalon.'  A  monster,  which  has  no  trace  of  the 
organs  of  the  senses,  and  yet  has  a  brain  nearly 
natural.     See  Hemicephalus. 

HEMIM'ELES,  (F.)  Himimele,  from  hemi, 
'one  half,'  and  (xtXos,  *a  limb.'  A  genus  of 
monsters,  in  which  the  upper  or  lower  extremi- 
ties are  very  defective  —  mere  stumps,  —  and  the 
fingers  and  toes  are  entirely  wanting  or  very  im- 
perfect.—I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

HEMIMCE'RION,  from  hemi,  and  ftoipa,  'a 
part.'  'One  half.' — Foesius.  Also,  half  a  drachm. 
— Erotian. 

HEM'INA.  A  Greek  measure,  answering  to 
the  Cotyle,  KOTvXv,  i-  e.  one  half  the  sextarius,  or 
about,half  a  pint,  English. 

HEMIOBOL'ION,  Hemioh'olon.  Half  the  obo- 
lus.     A  weight  of  about  five  grains. — Gorraeus. 

HEMIO'LION.  A  weight  of  12  drachms,  or 
oz.  li- — Galen.     See  Sescuncia. 

HEMIO'PIA,  Hemiop'sis,  Hemiopi'asis,  Suf- 
fn'sio  dimid'ians,  Visus  dimidia'tus,  Marmor'yge 
Hippoc'ratis,  Hemi amauro' sis,  Amnuro'sis  dimi- 
dia'ta,  (F.)  Hemiopie,  from  hemi,  'one  half,'  and 
o-KTOjxai,  'I  see.'  Depraved  vision,  in  which  the 
person  sees  only  one  half  of  an  object. 
HEMIOPIASIS,  Hemiopia. 
HEMIOPSIS,  Hemiopia. 

HEMIPA'GES,  Eicor'yphns  dihyjyogas'trius, 
Oc'fo]3us  synapheoceph'alus,  from  hemi,  '  half,'  and 
TT^yyvu^i,  '  I  fasten.'  A  monstrosity,  in  which 
twins  are  united  from  the  navel  to  the  vertex. — 
I.  G.  Saint  Hilaire. 

HEMIPAGIA,  Hemicrania. 
HEMIPATHIA.  Hemicrania. 
HEMIPEGIA.  Hemicrania. 
HEMIPHO'NIA,  from   '^i,   'half,'  and  ^wvn, 
'  voice.'     Great  weakness    of  voice.     The  husky 
voice  of  those  affected  with  cholera. 

HEMIPLE'GIA,  Hemiplex'ia,  Hemidial'ysis, 
Paral'ysis  Hemiplegia,  Semiple'gio,  Semi-side- 
ra'tio,  from  hemi,  'one  half,'  and  7r>»;(r(7u),  or 
ttXvtto),  '  I  strike.'  Paralysis  of  one  side  of  the 
body.  See  Paralysis.  One  so  palsied  is  said  to 
be  hemipleg"ic,  semi-sidera'tns. 

Hemiplegia  Facialis,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 
HEMIPLEXIA,  Hemiplegia. 
HEMIPROSOPLEGIA,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 
HEMISPH^R^  CEREBRI,  Hemispheres  of 
the  brain. 

HEM'ISPHERE,  Hemisphce'ra,  Hemisphm'ri- 
nm,  from  hemi,  'one  half,'  and  (x^atpa,  'a  sphere.' 
One  half  of  a  sphere  or  of  a  body  having  a  sphe- 
roidal shape. 

Hemispheres  op  the  Braw,  Hemisphee'rce 
cer'ebri,  Hemispher'ical  gan'glia,  are  the    upper 


HEMISPHERICAL  GANGLIA      455 


HEPATH^MORRHAGIA 


(spheroidal  portions  of  the  brain,  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  falx  cerebri. 

HEMISPHERICAL  GANGLIA,  Hemispheres 
of  the  brain. 

HEMITE,  Hsemitis. 

HEMITRIT^'A  (FEBRIS,)  Felris  semi-fer- 
tia'na  seu  sesquial'iera,  (F.)  Uenii-tierce,  Fievre 
demitierce,  from  hemi,  '  half,'  and  T/xruiof,  '  ter- 
tian.' A  semi-tertian  fever,  so  called  because  it 
seems  to  possess  both  the  characters  of  the  ter- 
tian and  quotidian  intermittent.  —  Galen,  Spi- 
gelius. 

HBMIUNCIA,  Hemiuncion. 

HEMIUN'CION,  Hemiuii'cia,  Semun'cia,  Se- 
mi un'cia.     Half  an  ounce. 

HEMLOCK,  Pinus  Canadensis,  Conium  macu- 
latum  —  h.  American,  Cicuta  maculata- — h.  Bas- 
tard, Chserophyllum  sylvestre  —  h.  Common, 
Conium  maculatum. 

Hemlock  Dropwort,  (Enanthe. 

Hemlock,  Ground,  Taxus  Canadensis. 

Hemlock  Gdm,  see  Pinus  Cadanensis  —  h. 
Pitch,  see  Pinus  Canadensis — h.  Poison,  Conium 
— h.  Spruce,  Pinus  Canadensis. 

Hemlock,  Water,  American,  Cicuta  maculata, 
Cicuta  aquatica — h.  Water,  fine-leaved,  Phellan- 
drium  aquaticum — h.  Wild,  Cicuta  maculata. 

HEMO-ANGIAIRRHA GIE,  Hemoptysis. 
'HEMOCARDE,  Hjemocardiorrhagia. 

HEMOCARDIOPLASTIES,  see  Polypus.  • 

HEMODIA,  Haemodia. 

HEMO-ENGEPHAL  ORRHA  ff/^,Apoplexy. 

HE3I0EEPAT0RRHAGIE,  Hepatorrhagia. 

HEMOMETRE,  Hsemadynamometer. 

HEM03IYEL0RRHAGIE,  Apoplexy,  spinal. 

EEMOPERICARDE,  Hsfimopericardium. 

HEMOPTYSIE.  Haemoptysis  —  A.  Foudroy- 
ante,  see  Hsemoptysis. 

HEMORRHAGE,  Heemorrhagia— h.  Acciden- 
tal, see  Ha3morrhagia — h.  Active,  see  Hcemorrha- 
gia — h.  from  the  Bladder,  Cj'stirrhagia — h.  Con- 
stitutional, see  Haemorrhagia — h.  Critical,  see 
Hsemorrhagia — h.  by  Exhalation,  see  Haemorrha- 
gia— h.  External,  see  Hasmorrhagia — h.  General, 
see  Haemorrhagia  —  h.  from  the  Intestines,  Me- 
laena — h.  Internal,  see  Haemorrhagia  —  h.  Inter- 
stitial, Apoplexy — h.  Local,  see  Htemorrhagia  — 
h.  of  the  Mucous  Membranes,  see  Hsemorrhagia 
— h.  Passive,  see  Haemorrhagia — h.  from  the  Pi- 
tuitary Membrane,  Epistaxis — h.  Pleural,  Hfema- 
tothorax  —  h.  SeoKjndary,  see  Haemorrhagia— -h. 
from  the  Skin,  Sudor  cruentus — h.  Spinal,  Apo- 
plexy, spinal — h.  Spontaneous,  see  Hasmorrhagia 
— h.  Supplementary,  see  Haemorrhagia — h.  Symp- 
tomatic, see  Hemorrhagia — h.  of  the  Tissues,  see 
Haemorrhagia  —  h.  Traumatic,  see  Haemorrhagia 
— h.  Uterine,  Metrorrhagia. 

HEMORRHAGIC  PLEURISY,  Hsematotho- 
rax. 

HEMORRHAGIE  BUCCALE,  Stomatorrha- 
gia— h.  Cerehrale,  Apoplexy — h.  du  Cceur,  Haemo- 
cardiorrhagia — h.  du  Foie,  Hepatorrhagia — h.  In- 
terstitielle,  Apoplexy — h.  Interstitielle  du  Poumon, 
Hasmoptysis  —  h.  des  Intestins,  Haematochezia  — 
h.  de  la  3Iatriee,  Metrorrhagia  —  h.  Meningee, 
Apoplexy  meningeal  —  h.  de  la  Motile  epiniere, 
Apoplexia  myelitica — h.  Nascde,  Epistaxis — h.  de 
la  Vessie,  Cystirrhagia. 

HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Hemorrhagi- 
pare,  from  hcBiiwrrhagm,  'hemorrhage,'  and  »o- 
rire,  'to  bring  forth.'  That  which  gives  occasion 
to  hemorrhage :  thus,  softening  of  the  neurine 
may  be  hemorrhagiparous. 

HEMORRHINIE,  Epistaxis. 

UEMORRHOJDAIRE  (P.).  One  who  is  sub- 
ject to  hemorrhoids. 


HEMORRHOIDES,  Hajmorrhois  — /i.  Aveu- 
gles,  Ca3cae  hasmorrhoides.     See  Haemorrhois. 

HEMORRHOSCOPIE,  Hsematoscopia. 

HEMOSPASIE,  Hffimospasia. 

HE3I0SPASIQUE,  Hajmospastic. 

HE3I0STASIE,  Hasmostasia. 

HEMOSTATICS,  Hajmatostatica. 

HEMOSTATIQ UES,  Haematostatica. 

HEMP,  INDIAN,  Apocynum  cannabinum, 
Bangue — h.  Wild,  Ambrosia  trifida. 

HEMPWEED,  AROMATIC,  Eupatorium  aro- 
maticum  —  h.  Roundleaved,  Eupatorium  rotundi- 
folium. 

HEMPSEED,  see  Cannabis  sativa. 

HENBANE,  Hyoscyamus. 

HENBIT,  Lamium  amplexicaule. 

HEN-BLINDNESS,  Hemeralopia. 

HENNE,  Lawsonia  inermis. 

HENRICEA  PHARMACEARCHA,  Gentiana 
chirayita. 

HENRICUS  RUBENS,  Colcothar. 

HEPAR,  'virap,  'genitive,'  'tjiraros,  'liver.'  A 
name  for  substances  resembling  liver  in  appear- 
ance. The  ancient  name  for  the  liver  of  sulphui", 
Hepar  sul'jjJiuris ;  which  is  sometimes  a  com- 
pound of  sulphur  and  potassium,-  at  others,  of 
sulphur  and  potassa.     See  Potassa3  sulphuretum. 

Hepar  Adiposum,  Adiposis  hepatica — h.  Adul- 
terinum.  Spleen. 

Hkpak  Antimonia'tum  is  a  compound  of  a 
sulphuret  of  antimony  and  an  alkali.  See  Oxy- 
dum  stibii  sulphuratum. 

Hepar  Martia'le.  A  compound  of  sulphuret 
of  potass  and  an  oxide  of  iron. 

Hepar  Sanguinis,  see  Blood  —  h.  Sinistrum, 
Spleen. 

Hepar  Succenttjria'tum.  An  additional  liver 
or  liver  lobe;  a  case  of  malformation. 

He^ AR  Sulphuris  Salinuji,  Potassae  sulphu- 
retum— h.  Sulphuris  volatile,  Ammoniae  sulphu- 
retum— h.  Uterinum,  Placenta  —  h.  Variegatum, 
Liver,  nutmeg. 

HEPATAL'GIA,  Hepatodyn'ia,  Neural'gia 
Jie'i^atis,  Col'ica  hepat'ica,  from  'rjirap,  'TjizaTo;, 
'liver,'  and  a\yos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  liver. 
Neuralgia  of  the  liver,  (F.)  Nevralgie  du  Foie. 

Hepatalgia  Calculosa,  Colica  hepatica  —  h. 
Petitiana,  Turgescentia  vesiculae  felleae  —  h. 
Phlegmonoides,  Hepatitis. 

HEPATAPOSTE'MA,  from  'n^ap,  'tnrarog,  and 
a-nocTrjjia,  'an  abscess.'    Abscess  of  the  liver. 

HEPATARIUS,  Hepaticus. 

HEPATATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  seu  Aridu'ra 
he'patis,  from  'rj-n-up,  -'riTTaTos,  and  atrophia,  'atro- 
phy.' Atrophy  of  the  liver:  —  a  general  con- 
comitant of  Cirrho'sis  lie'p)atis. 

HEPATAUXE,  HypertropVia  he'patis,  (F.) 
Hxjperliepatotropliie,  Hypertropliie  du  foie.  Hy- 
pertrophy of  the  liver. 

HEPATECHE'MA,  Son'itua  hepat'icns,  from 
'rjTTap,  'rjTiaTo;,  and  'rj^^ri/ia,  'sound.'  Sound  ren- 
dered by  the  liver  on  percussion. 

HEPATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  ',jrrap,  'nzarog, 
and  e/jcppaaao},  'I  obstruct.'  Emphrax'is  hejiatiti. 
Hepatic  obstruction.  —  Ploucquet. 

HEPATENCEPHALO'MA,  Hepatomyelo'ma, 
Fungus  he'patis  medulla'ris,  from  'tjtrap.  'rjvaToi, 
and  eyK£<j)aXos,  '  encephalon.'  Encephaloid  of  the 
liver. 

HEPATE'RUS,  Hepiat'icxis,  Jecora'rius.  A 
variety  of  diarrhoea,  Fluxus  hejjaticus.—Gorrsens. 

HEPATn^MORRHAG"IA,  H(Bmorrhag"ia 
hepat'ica,  IIepatorrhag"ia,  Apoplex'ia  hepat'ica, 
(F.)  Hemorrhagie  du  foie,  Himohepatorrhagie, 
from  'rjTiap,  'rf^aro;,  and  'aijjiuppayia,  '  hemorrhage.' 
Hemorrhage  from  the  liver. 


HEPATIC 


456 


HEPATOCHOLOERHCEA 


HEPAT'IC,  Hepat'icus,  Hepata'rins,  Hepate'-  I 
rus,  Hepatoi'des,  Hepato' des,  Jecora'rius,  Jec'oral, 
(F.)    Hepattqne     Jecoraire,     from    'ri-ap,    'j;:raTOf. 
Belonging  or  relating  to  or  resembling  liver. 

Hepatic  Ar'tert,  Arte'rin  Hepat'ica.  One  of 
the  three  branches  given  off  by  the  coeliac.  It 
passes  towards  the  inferior  surface  of  the  liver; 
where  it  divides  into  two  branches,  a  riyht  and 
a  left,  which  proceed  towards  the  corresponding 
parts  of  that  organ.  The  right  branch  gives  off 
the  cystic  artery.  Before  dividing,  the  hepatic 
artery  sends  off  two  considerable  branches,  the 
A.  pylorica  and  Gastro-epiplotca  dextra. 

Hepatic  Duct,  Ductus  hepat'icus,  (F.)  Canal 
Mpatique,  is  about  three  fingers'  breadth  in 
length,  and  of  the  size  of  a  quill.  It  is  fornaed 
by  the  union  of  the  biliary  ducts,  and  joins  the 
cystic  duct  at  a  very  acute  angle,  to  form  the 
ductus  choledochus.  Its  function  is  to  convey 
the  bile  from  the  liver  towards  the  duodenum. 

Hepatic  Islets,  see  Liver — h.  Lobules,  see 
Liver. 

Hepatic  Plexus,  Plexus  Jiepat'icus,  consists 
of  nervous  filaments,  sent  by  the  coeliac  plexus 
to  the  liver,  which  accompany  the  hepatic  artery. 
Hepatic  Veins,  Supra-hepatic  Veins,  Vena 
cavcB  hepial'icm,  (F.)  Veines  sus-hepatiques,  Intra- 
lob'ular  veins,  do  not  follow  the  course  of  the 
arteries  of  the  same  name.  They  arise  in  the 
substance  of  the  liver;  converge  towards  the 
posterior  margin  of  that  viscus,  and  open  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior.  They  convey  away  the 
blood  carried  to  the  liver  by  the  hepatic  artery 
and  vena  porta. 

HEPAT'ICA.  Medicines  believed  to  be  ca- 
pable of  aflFeeting  the  liver. 

Hepatica,  H.  triloba  —  h.  Americana,  H.  tri- 
loba—  h.  Fontana,  Marehantia  polj-morpha  —  h. 
Nobilis,  H.  triloba — h.  Stellata,  Asperula  odorata. 
Hepatica  Tril'obA.  JI.  America' na,  Anemo'ne 
hepat'ica  sen  noh'ilis,  Herhatrinitn'tis,  HejMt'ica, 
Hepat'icus  flos,  Trifo'lium  hepat'icum  seu  au'- 
reum,  Liverwort,  Liverweed,  Trefuil,  Nohle  Liver- 
wort, Herb  Trin'itij,  (F.)  Hepatique  des  jardins. 
The  leaves  of  this  ^\ai\t  —  Hepat' ica  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
—  are  a  gentle  astringent,  but  not  possessed  of 
much  virtue. 

HEPATICULA,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 
HEPATICUS,  Hepateros  — h.  Flos,  Hepatica 
triloba. 

HE^PATIFICATIO,  Hepatizati^on. 
HEPATIQUE,  Hepatic— 7i.  Etoilee,  Asperula 
odorata  —  h.  des  Fontaine,  Marehantia  polymor- 
pha  —  h.  des  Jardins,  Hepatica  triloba. 

HEPATIRRHCE'A,  Fluxus  hepat'icus,  Bijsen- 
ter'ia  hepat'ica,  Diarrhce'a  hepjat'ica,  Hepator- 
rhce'a,  Hepatocholorrhoe' a,  Hepatod)jsenter' ia,  He- 
patorrha(j"ia,  HcBmote' ra,  Airnate' ra,  (P.)  Flux 
hepatique,  from  'riTzap,  'tj-utos,  and  ptw,  'I  flow.' 
A  species  of  diarrhoea  in  which  the  excreted 
matters  seem  to  come  from  the  liver,  or  are  much 
mixed  with  bile. 

HEPATIS  EMUNCTORIA.  Inguen— h.  Sus- 
pensorium,  Ligament,  suspensory,  of  the  liver. 

HEPATISATIO,  Hepatization —h.  Pulmo- 
num,  Hepatization  of  the  Lungs. 

HEPATLSATIOX,  Hepatization  —  ;^.  Grise, 
see  Hepatization — h.  Rouge,  see  Hepatization. 
HEPATITES  VENA,  Cava  vena, 
HEPATI'TIS,  Empres'-ina  hepati'tis,  Caiima 
seu  Inflammn'tio  he'patis,  I.  Jecin'oris,  Fehris 
hepat'ica  inflammato'ria,  Hepatal'c/ia  phleffmo- 
no'i'des,  3forbus  jecin'oris,  Hepafnph/ef/'mone,  In- 
Jiammation  of  the  liver,  (F.)  Hepatite,  inflam- 
mation du  foie.  Piece,  (Provincial);  from  'tinap, 
'jiTzaTo;,  '  liver,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 


It  may  be  seated  either  in  the  peritoneal  cover- 
ing, Sero-hepati'tis,  Hepati'tis  velamento'sa  seu 
extern' a,  Peritoni'tis  hepat'ica,  Perihepati'tis, 
or  in  the  substance  of  the  liver,  Hepati'tis  paren- 
chymato'sa,  or  in  both,  Puro-hepati'tis,  and  may 
be  acute  or  chronic.  The  peculiar  symptoms 
are: — pain  in  the  right  hypochondrium,  shooting 
to  the  back  and  right  shoulder,  and  inerea.sed  on 
pressure;  difficulty  of  lying  on  the  left  side; 
sometimes  jaundice  with  cough,  and  synocha. 
Its  termination  is  generally  by  resolution  :  —  in 
tropical  climates  it  often  runs  on  to  suppuration, 
Jec'oris  vom'ica,  Hejiati'tis  ap)ostemato'sa,  the 
abscess  breaking  either  externally,  or  forming  a 
communication  with  the  intestines  or  chest,  or 
breaking  into  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.  The 
causes  are  those  of  inflammation  in  general. 
Heat  predisposes  to  it;  hence  Its  greater  frequency 
in  hot  climates.  On  dissection  of  those  ivho  have 
died  of  it,  the  liver  has  been  found  hard  and  en- 
larged;  colour  of  a  deep  purple;  or  the  mem- 
branes have  been  more  or  less  vascular;  or  ad- 
hesions, or  tubercles,  or  hydatids,  or  abscesses, 
or  biliary  calculi  may  be  met  with.  The  treat- 
ment must  be  bold.  Bleeding,  general  and  local, 
fomentations,  blisters,  purgatives,  and  the  anti- 
phlogistic regimen.  In  hot  climates  especially,  a 
new  action  must  be  excited  by  mercury  as  early 
as  possible. 

Hepatitis  Apostematosa,  see  Hepatitis. 

Hepatitis,  Chroxic,  Hepati'tis  chron'ica,  In- 
flamma'tio  he'j^atis  lenta,  Hej^atitis  occul'ta,  He- 
patic'ula,  Subinflamma'tio  he'patis,  (F.)  Chrono- 
hepatite.  Chronic  liver  disease,  is  not  as  common 
as  is  believed.  It  may  be  suspected  from  the 
existence  of  the  sj'mptoms  above  mentioned, 
when  in  a  minor  degree;  enlargement,  constant 
dull  pain  in  the  region  of  the  liver;  sallow  coun- 
tenance; high-coloured  urine;  clay -coloured 
faces,  &c.  The  great  object  of  treatment  is  to 
excite  a  new  action  by  mercury  and  counter- 
irritants,  and  to  keep  the  liver  free  by  cathartics. 

Hepatitis  Cystica,  Cholecystitis — h.  Externa, 
see  Hepatitis  —  h.  Occulta,  H.  chronic  —  h.  Vela- 
mentosa,  see  Hepatitis  —  h.  Parenchymatosa,  see 
Hepatitis. 

HEPATIZA'TIOX,  Hepatisa'tio,  Hepatifica'- 
tio,  from  'irnap,  'ijraTos.  Conversion  into  a  liver- 
like substance.  Applied  to  the  lungs  when  gorged 
with  efi'used  matters,  so  that  they  are  no  longer 
pervious  to  the  air  —  Hepatisa'tio  2}'n^mo'niimf 
Carnijica'tio  pulmo' num.  In  such  state,  they  are 
said  to  be  hepalized. 

Hepatization,  Bed,  (F.)  Hepatisation  rouge, 
Endurcissement  rouge,  Rarnollissement  rouge,  cha- 
racterizes the  first  stage  of  consolidation  of  the 
lungs  in  pneumonia. 

Hepatization,  Gray,  (F.)  Hepatisation  grise. 
Induration  grise,  Rarnollissement  gris.  Infiltration 
piurulente,  characterizes  the  third  stage,  or  stage 
of  purulent  infiltration. 

HEPATIZON,  Chloasma. 

HEPATOC'ACE,  from  'rj-Kap,  'rizaro;,  and  KaKo;, 
'evil.'     Gangrene  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOCE'LE,  from  'vrap,  'riTraro;,  and 
KTjXn,  'a  tumour;'  Her'nia  hepat'ica ;  Hernia  of 
the  liver.  (F.)  Hemic  du  foie.  The  liver  has 
never  been  found  entirely  out  of  the  abdomi- 
nal cavity.  Increase  of  its  bulk,  or  injuries 
of  the  parietes  of  the  abdomen,  have  been  the 
sole  cause  of  the  protrusions  which  have  been 
occasionally  met  with,  especially  in  infants,  in 
whom  the  upper  part  of  the  linea  alba  is  very 
weak,  and  indeed  scarcely  se?ms  to  exist.  Sau- 
vages  has  distinguished  two  species  of  hepatocele : 
— the  ventral  (in  the  linea  alba),  and  the  umbili- 
cal or  hepatomphalum. 

HEPATOCHOLORRH(EA,  Hepatirrhcea. 


HEPATOCOLICUM 


45' 


HERBARIUM 


HEPATOCO'LICUM.  A  ligamentof  the  liver, 
described  by  Haller,  as  passing  from  the  gall- 
bladder and  contiguous  sinus  portarum,  across 
the  duodenum,  to  the  colon.  Another,  termed 
Hepato-renal,  descends  from  the  root  of  the  liver 
to  the  kidney.     They  are  both  peritoneal. 

HEPATOCTS'TIC,  Hepatoeys'ticns,  CystMe- 
pat'icns,  from  'rj-ap,  'rjzaros,  and  xvans,  'bladder.' 
Relating  to  the  liver  and  gall-bladder. 

Hepatocystic  Duct,  Ductus  hepatocijst' icua. 
The  choledoch  duct. 

HEP'ATODYME,  Eepatod'ymus,  from  Va?, 
'Tjjrrirof,  and  iiSvuo;,  'a  twin.'  A  monster  united 
at  the  liver,  and  double  above. 

HEPATODYNIA,  Hepatalgia. 

HEPATODYSENTERIA,  Hepatirrhoea. 

HEPATOGASTRIC,  Gastrohepatic. 

HEPATOGASTROCHOLOSIS,  Eever,  bilious, 
Fever,  gastric. 

HEPATOG'RAPHY,  Hepatorjra'phia/  from 
'r/irap,  'rjTraTo;,  and  ypaiprj,  'a  description.'  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  liver. 

TIEP ATOliJE'Ml A,  By pero'/mia  Jie'jmtis,  He- 
pat' ic  Engorge' riient,  {F .)  Hypereniie  du  Foie,  from 
'vup,  'ij-aaTOi,  and  'aijia,  '  blood.'  Sanguineous 
congestion  of  the  liver. 

HEPATODES,  Hepatic. 

HEPATOIDES,  Hepatic. 

HEPATOLITIU'ASIS,  from  V«p,  Varof, 
and  \i9iaai;,  'formation  of  stone.'  The  forma- 
tion of  concretions,  Hepatol' itht,  in  the  liver. 

HEPATOL'OGY,  Hepatolog"ia,  from  'nrrap, 
'tjTTaTii;,  and  'Xoyoi,  'a  discourse,'  'treatise.'  A 
treatise  on  the  liver. 

HEPATOMALA'CIA,  Ifalaco'sis  he'2mtls,  (F.) 
RamoUhsement  du  Foie.     Softening  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOM'PHALUS,  from  'v^rap,  'tj^aro;, 
'liver,'  and  oiKpaXoq,  'navel.'  Hernia  of  the  liver 
at  the  umbilicus. 

HEPATOMYELOMA,  Hepatencephaloma. 

HEPATON'CUS,  from  'n-ap,  'rj-a-os,  and  oyKos, 
'a  tumour.'     Tumefaction  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOPAREC'TAMA,  from  'nnap,  'vTraro;, 
snd  TrapcKTafxa,  '  considerable  extension.'  Exces- 
sive enlargement  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOPATHI'A,  from  'n^ap,  'v-aros,  and 
rraSof,  '  suffering.'  Liver-disease.  Disease  of  the 
liver. 

HFPA  TO  PA  THIE  OANCEREUSE,  Hepa- 
toscirrhus — li.  Taberculeuse,  Hepatostrumosie. 

HEPATOPHLEGMONE,  Hepatitis. 

HEPATOPHTHI'SIS,  Phthisis  hepat'ica,  from 
'tjrap,  'TjTzaTo;,  and  <p9t(j},  '  I  consume.'  Consump- 
tion from  suppuration  of  the  liver. 

HEPATORRHAGIA,  Hepatirrhoea,  Hepathce- 
morrhagia. 

HEPATORRHEX'IS,  from  'r,Tzap,  'n^aroi,  and 
OTITIS,  'rupture.'     Rupture  of  the  liver. 

HEPATORRHCEA,  Hepatirrhoea. 

HEP  A  TOSAROOMIE,  Hepatoscirrhus. 

HEPATOSCIR'RHUS,  from  'n^ap,  'rrraro;, 
and  oKtppog,  '  cancerous  induration.'  Scirrhus 
he'patis,  Encephalo' sia  or  Carcino' ma  of  the  liver, 
(F.)  Hepatosarcomie,  Hepatopathie  cancereuse. 
Cancer  du  Foie.  Scirrhus  or  Cancer  of  the 
liver. 

HEPATOSTRUMOSIE,  Tuber' cnln  he'patis, 
(F.)  Tubercides  du  Foie,  Hepatopat?cie  tabercu- 
leuse; from  'v^ap,  'rfjTaTog,  and  struma,  'a  tu- 
mour,' 'a  scrofulous  tumour.'  Tubercle  of  the 
liver. 

HEPATOT'OMY,  from  'r,vap,  'riraro;,  and 
reuvOD,  '  I  cut.'     Dissection  of  the  liver. 


HEPIALOS,  Epialos. 

HEPS,  see  Rosa  canina, 

HEPSEMA,  Decoction. 

HEPSESIS,  Decoction. 

HEPTAL  CYCLE,  see  Cycle. 

HEPTAL'LON  GRAVE OLENS,  Hogwort, 
Bears'  fright.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  has 
a  fetid  porcine  smell ;  and  is  said  to  be  used  by 
the  Indians  as  a  diaphoretic,  cathartic,  <tc. 

HEPTAPHAR'MACUM,  from  'tr^ra,  'seven,' 
and  (papitaKov,  'a  remedy.'  A  medicine  composed 
of  seven  substances;  cerusse,  litharge,  pitch,  wax, 
colophony,  frankincense,  and  bullock's  fat.  It  was 
regarded  as  laxative,  suppurating  and  healing. 

HEPTAPHYLLUM,  Tormentilla. 

HEPTAPLEURO^^  Plantago  major. 

HERACLEUM,  see  H.  lanatum  — h.  Branca, 
H.  spondylium. 

Heracle'um  Spondyl'ium,  H.  Bran'ca,  Branca 
ursi'na  seu  German' ica,  SpondyViimi,  SphondyV- 
ium,  Cow  Parsnep,  All-heal,  Coic-inumble,  (Sc.) 
Duneioand,  (Prov.)  Cushia,  (F.)  Berce,  Branc- 
ursine  bdtarde,  Fausse  Acanthe.  Order,  Umbel- 
liferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  Dedi- 
cated to  'HpaK\ris,  'Hercules.'  The  root  of  this 
plant  has  a  strong,  rank  smell ;  and  a  pungent, 
almost  caustic  taste.  It  has  been  given  as  a 
tonic,  stomachic  and  carminative  ;  both  in  powder 
and  in  decoction.  The  Russians,  Lithuanians, 
and  Poles  obtain  from  its  seeds  and  leaves,  by 
fermentation,  a  very  intoxicating  spirituous  liquor, 
which  they  call  Parst. 

The  root  of  Heracle'iim  Lnna'tirm,  Ma.sterwort, 
Coio  parsnep, — Heracle'um  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

HERACLEUS  MORBUS,  Epilepsy. 

HERB,  Herba,  Bot'ane.  Any  ligneous  plant, 
which  loses  its  stalk  during  the  winter. 

Herb,  Blessed,  Geum  urbanum — h.  Christo- 
pher, Actasa  spicata. 

Herb-Doctor,  Botan'ical  doctor  or  pi^iysic"ian. 
One  who  treats  diseases  altogether  by  herbs;  as 
the — so  called — "  Thompsonians." 

Herb  op  Grace,  Gratiola  officinalis  —  h.  Mas- 
tich,  common.  Thymus  mastichina  —  h.  Mastich, 
Syrian,  Teucrium  marum  —  h.  Peter,  Primula 
veris  —  h.  Robert,  Geranium  Robertianum  —  h. 
of  Saint  Cunegonde,  Eupatorium  cannabinum — h. 
Sophia,  Sisymbrium  sophia — h.  Trinity,  Hepatica 
triloba. 

HERBA,  Herb  —  h.  Alexandrina,  Smyrnium 
olusatrum — h.  Althsese,  Pelargonium   cucullatum 

—  h.  Anthos,  Rosmarinus  —  h.  Benedieta,  Geum 
urbanum — h.  Britannica,  Rumes  hydrolapathum 

—  h.  Canni,  Artemisia  santonica  —  h.  Cardiaca, 
Leonurus  cardiaca  —  h.  Cardui  veneris,  Dipsacus 
fullonum  —  h.  Dorea,  Solidago  virgaurea — h.  Fe- 
lis,  Nepeta — h.  Genipi,  Achillea  atrata — h.  Ignis, 
Lichen  pyxidatus  —  h.  Melancholifuga,  Fumaria 
— h.  Militaris,  Achillea  millefolium  —  h.  Papilla- 
ris, Lapsana  —  h.  Paralyseos,  Primula  veris  —  h. 
Paralytica,  Primula  veris — h.  Pata;  lapinae,  Leo- 
nurus cardiaca — h.  Pulicaris,  Plantago  psyllium 

—  h.  Quercini,  Lichen  plicatus  —  h.  Sacra,  Ver- 
bena officinalis — h.  Salivaris,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum —  h.  Sardonia,  Ranunculus  sceleratus — h, 
Seelerata,  Ranunculus  scleratus — h.  Sideritidis, 
Galeopsis  grandifiora — h.  Tabaci,  Nicotiana  taba- 
cum — h.  Trinitatis,  Anemone  hepatica,  Viola  tri- 
color— h.  Veneris,  Adiantum  pedatum  —  h.  Ven- 
tis,  Anemone  Pulsatilla — h.  Vitri,  see  Salsola 
kali  —  h.  Zazarhendi,  Origanum. 

HERB^  PRO  ENEMATE,  Glyster  herbs- 
fa.  pro  fotu.  Fomentation  herbs. 
HERBALIST,  Herborist. 
HERBA'RIUM,   from    herba,    a   plant.     (F.J 


HERBARIUS 


458 


HERNIA 


Herhier.  A  collection  of  plants.  Generally  ap- 
plied to  a  collection  of  dried  plants  —  Hortus  sic- 
cus.    In  Pharmacy,  a  plant  that  is  used  entire. 

HERBARIUS,  Herborist. 

HERBE,  Herb — h.  aux  Aheilles,  Spiraea  ulma- 
ria  —  h.  au  Cancer,  Plumbago  Europsea — h.  au 
Centaure,  Chironia  centaurium — h.  aux  Chantres, 
Erysimum  —  h.  aux  Charpentiers,  Achillea  mille- 
folium, Justitia  pectoralis — h.  aux  Chats,  Nepeta, 
Teucrium  marum  —  h.  au  Coq,  Tanacetum  bal- 
samita — h.  an  Cuillers,  Cochlearia  officinalis  — 
1i.  aux  Ecrouelles,  Scrophularia  nodosa — h.  aux 
Ecus,  Lysimachia  nummularia  —  li.  d,  Eternuer, 
Achillea  ptarmica — A.  d  la  Fievre,  Chironia  cen- 
taurium—A.  aux  Femmes  battues,  Tamus  commu- 
nis— h.  de  Grace,  Ruta — h.  aux  Gueux,  Clematis 
vitalba — h.  aux  Hemorrlioides,  Ranunculus  fica- 
ria— 7i.  d  VHirondelle,  Chelidonium  majus — h.  d 
la  Houette,  Asclepias  Syriaca — h.  d'lvrogne,  Lo- 
lium  temulentum — h.  des  Juifs,  Solidago  virgau- 
rea — h.  aux  Ladres,  Veronica — li.  aux  ilamelles, 
Lapsana — h.  aux  Mouches,  Conyza  squarrosa  — 
li.  aux  3furaiUes,  Parietaria  —  h.  des  Nones,  Pa- 
rietaria  —  h.  aux  Oies,  Potentilla  reptans — h.  d 
Paris,  Paris — h.  d  la  Paralysie,  Primula  veris — 
h.  au  Pauvre  homme,  Gratiola  officinalis — h.  aux 
Perles,  Lithospermum  officinale — •/;.  d  Pisser, 
Pyrola  umbellata  —  h.  d  la  Poxidre  de  Chypre, 
Hibiscus  abelmoschus — 7t.  aux  Poux,  Delphinium 
staphisagria — h.  d  la  Puce,  see  Apocynum  hyperi- 
cifolium — h.  aux  Puces  commune,  Phmtago  psyl- 
lium— h.  d  Rohert,  Geranium  Robertianum — h.  d 
la  Bosee,  Drosera  rotundifolia  —  h.  de  Saiiite 
Barhe,  Erysimum  barbarea — /;.  Sainte  Christo])7ie, 
Aetata  spicata — h.  de  Sainte  Etienne,  Circsea  lute- 
tiana  —  h.  Saint  Fiacre,  Verbascum  thapsus — h. 
de  Saint  Jean,  Artemisia  vulgaris — h.  Saint  Jean, 
Glechoma  hedcracea  —  h.  de  Saint  Quirin,  Tus- 
silago — h.  de  Saint  Roch,  Inula  dysenterica  —  h. 
Sainte  Rose,  Paeonia  —  h.  aux  Sorciers,  Circoea 
lutetiana,  Datura  stramonium — h.  aux  Teigneux, 
Arctium  lappa  —  7*.  d  Tous  les  nuiux.  Verbena 
officinalis — h.  Turque,  Herniaria  glabra  —  h.  aux 
Vers,  Tanacetum  vulgare — h.  aux  Vermes,  Hclio- 
tropium  Europseum. 

HERBIER,  Herbarium,  Ingluvies. 

HERBIVOROUS,  Herhio'orus,  from  lerla, 
'grass,'  and  voro,  'I  eat.'  An  epithet  applied  to 
animals  which  feed  on  herbs. 

HER'BORIST,  Herha'rius.  One  who  deals  in 
useful  plants.     An  HerValist  or  Herh'arist. 

HERBORIZA'TION,  Herha'rum  inquisit"io. 
An  excursion,  made  with  the  view  of  collecting 
plants.  Such  excursions  are  directed  by  the 
Apothecaries'  Company  of  London,  for  the  use 
of  their  apprentices,  &c. 

HERBS,  FIVE  CAP'ILLARY,  Quinque  herha 
cajyilla'res,  were,  anciently,  hart's  tongue ;  black, 
white,  and  gulden  maiden-hair,  and  spleenwort. 

Herbs,  Five  Emol'lient,  Quinque  herbm  emol- 
lien'tes,  were,  anciently,  beet,  mallow,  marsh- 
mallow,  French  mercury,  and  violet. 

HERCULES  ALLHEAL,  Pastinaea  opoponax. 

HERCULES  MORBUS,  Epilepsy. 

HEREDITAIRE,  Hereditary. 

HERED'ITARY, Ha-redita'riua,  Heredita'rius, 
Gentiiit" ius,  Sym'phytos,  Syn'genes,  (F.)  Heredi- 
taire,  from  hasris,  Ixsredis,  'an  heir.'  An  epithet 
given  to  diseases,  communicated  from  progeni- 
tors. Such  diseases  may  exist  at  birth  ;  or  they 
may  supervene  at  a  more  or  less  advanced  period 
of  existence.  Hereditary  diseases,  Morhi  heredi- 
ta'rii,  (F.)  ifaladies  hereditaires,  often  prevail 
amongst  several  members  of  a  family,  or  are 
family  diseases  or  complaints. 

HERMAPHRODE'ITY,i7e)-mfY^7n-of7/s'aa,^er- 
mnphroditis' mus,  Hermaphrodis'mus,  Fah'rica  an- 
drog"yna,  Androgyn'ia,   Gynan'dria,  Hermaph'- 


rodism,  Hermoph'roditism ;  from  'Kp^vs  '  Mer- 
cury,' and  A(ppoSiTri,  '  Venus.'  Appertaining  to 
Mercury  and  Venus.  Union  of  the  two  sexes  in 
the  same  individual. 

HERMAPHRODISIA,  Hermaphrodeity. 

HERMAPH'RODITE.  Same  etymon,  ffer- 
maphrodi'tus, Gy'nida,Androg"ynus,  (Sc.)  Scarcht, 
(Prov.)  Scrat.  One  who  possesses  the  attributes 
of  male  and  female :  who  unites  in  himself  the 
two  sexes.  A  term,  applied  to  an  animal  or  plant 
which  is,  at  the  same  time,  both  male  and  female. 
True  hermaphrodites  are  only  met  with  in  the 
lower  degrees  of  the  animal  scale,  amongst  the 
zoophytes,  mollusea,  or  gasteropoda.  The  indi- 
viduals of  the  human  species,  regarded  as  herma- 
phrodites, owe  this  appearance  to  a  vicious  con- 
formation of  the  genital  organs ;  a  kind  of  mon- 
strosity, which  renders  them  unfit  for  generation, 
although  an  attentive  examination  may  exhibit 
the  true  sex.  Hermaphrodites  have,  likewise, 
been  described,  which,  instead  of  uniting  the 
attributes  of  both  sexes,  cannot  be  considered 
male  or  female.  These  have  been  called  neutral 
hermaphrodites. 

HERMAPHRODITISMUS,  Hermaphredeity. 

HERMAPHRODITUS,  Hermaphrodite. 

HERMET'ICA  DOCTRI'NA,  Hermetica  an, 
(F.)  Hermetique.  The  doctrine  of  Hermes,  a 
celebrated  Egyptian  philosopher,  who  is  con- 
sidered the  father  of  alchemy.  That  part  of 
chymistry,  whose  object  was  the  pretended  trans- 
mutation of  the  metals. 

HERM0DAC'TYLUS,2)ocfj/?e'fi(s,  An'ima  ar- 
ticulo'rum,  from  'Eppivs,  'Mercury,'  and  daxrvXas, 
'a  finger;'  or  rather  from  Hermus,  a  river  in 
Asia,  upon  whose  banks  it  grows,  and  ^a/cruAof, 
'  a  date  ;'  or  from  'Ep/ji/f,  '  Mercury,'  and  iaKTv\og, 
'a  date;'  (F.)  Hermodactyle,  Hermodacte  ou  Her- 
modate.  The  root  of  the  Hermodactyl  was  for- 
merly used  as  a  cathartic.  By  some,  it  is  sup- 
posed to  be  identical  with  the  Iris  tuhero'sa. 
The  best  testimony  seems  to  be  in  favour  of  its 
being  a  variety  of  the  colchieum, —  Col'chicum 
lUyr'icum.  Under  the  name  Hermodactyls,  roots 
or  bulbs  of  an  unknown  plant,  growing  in  the 
countries  about  the  eastern  extremity  of  the 
Mediterranean,  are  sold  in  the  shops  of  Europe. 

HERMODATE,  Hermodactylus. 

HERMOPH'ILUS,  from  'Kppr,;,  'Mercury,' 
and  ^i\og,  'a  lover.'  One  who  is  fond  of  mercury 
as  a  medicine. 

HER'NIA,  Ramex,  Ruptu'ra,  R.  hernio'sa, 
Orepatu'ra,  Ectop'ia  hernio'sa,  Cele,  Rupture, 
Burst,  (F.)  Hargne,  Descente,  Effort,  Greveure, 
Rompeure.  From  tpi'oj, 'a  shoot'  [?].  Any  tumour, 
formed  by  the  displacement  of  a  viscus  or  a  por- 
tion of  a  viscus,  which  has  escaped  from  its  na- 
tural cavity  by  some  aperture,  and  projects  exter- 
nally. IlerniiE  have  been  divided  into, — 1.  Her- 
nia of  the  Brain;  Encephalocele ;  2.  Hernia  of 
the  Thorax;  Pneumocele  ;  3.  Hernia  of  the  Ab- 
domen. 

Abdom'inal  Jlernics  are  remarkable  for  their 
frequency,  variety,  and  the  danger  attending 
them.  They  are  produced  by  the  protrusion  of 
the  viscera,  contained  in  the  abdomen,  through 
the  natural  or  accidental  apertures  in  the  parietes 
of  that  cavity.  The  organs,  which  form  them 
most  frequently,  are  the  intestines  and  the  epi- 
ploon. These  hernia;  have  been  divided,  accord- 
ing to  the  apertures  by  which  they  escape,  into  : 

1.  In'guinal  or  Supra-Pu'bian  HernicB.  These 
issue  by  the  inguinal  canal:  they  are  called  Bu- 
bonoce'le,  when  small;  and  Scrotal  Hernia  or 
Oscheoce'le,  in  man,  when  they  descend  into  the 
scrotum  : —  Vulvar  Hernia  or  Puden'dal  or  La'- 
bial  Hernia,  Episioce'le,  in  women,  when  they 
extend  to  the  labia  majora.  2.  Crural  or  Fem'- 
oral  Hernia,  Me'roc^'le,  when  they  issue  by  the 


HERNIA 


459 


HERN  I S 


crural  canal.  3.  Infra-Pu'hian  Hernia,  (F.)  ffer- 
nie  sous-puhienne,  Oodeoce'le,  Opeoce'le,  Opodeo- 
ce'le,  Her' nia  f Oram' inis  ova'lis,  when  the  viscera 
escape  through  the  opening,  which  gives  passage 
to  the  infra-pubian  vessels.  4.  hcMat' ic  Hernia  ; 
when  it  takes  place  through  the  sacro-sciatic 
notch.  5.  Umbil'ical  Hernia,  Exom'phalos,  Om- 
phaloee'le ;  when  it  occurs  at  the  umbilicus  or 
near  it.  6.  E^ngaa'tric  Hernia;  —  occurring 
through  the  linea  alba,  above  the  umbilicus.  7. 
Hypogastric  or  Infra-umhil' ical  Hernia,  Coelio- 
ce'le,  Hypogastroce'le,  —  when  it  occurs  through 
the  linea  alba  below  the  umbilicus.  8.  Perince'al 
Hernia,Meaosceloce' le,  Her'nia  perinm'i,  Perinmo- 
ce'le,  Perineoce'le — when  it  takes  place  through 
the  levator  ani,  and  appears  at  the  perineum.  9. 
Vug"inal  Hernia,  Guleoce'le  seu  Elytroce'le  — 
through  the  parieties  of  the  vagina.  10.  Dia- 
phragnKit'ic  Hernia,  Diaphragmatoee'le  ;  when  it 
passes  through  the  diaphragm. 

Hernise  are  likewise  distinguished, — according 
to  the  viscera  forming  them,  —  into  Enteroce'le, 
Epiploee'le,  En'tero-epiploce'le,  Gaairoce'le,  Cya- 
toce'le,  Hepatoee'le,  Splenoce'le,  &c. 

When  a  hernia  can  be  restored  to  its  natural 
cavity,  by  the  aid  of  pressure,  &c.,  properly  ap- 
plied, it  is  said  to  be  reducible.  It  is,  on  the  con- 
trary, irreducible,  when  adhesion,  bulk,  &c.,  op- 
pose its  return.  When  the  aperture,  which  has 
given  passage  to  the  hernia,  occasions  more  or 
less  constriction  on  the  protruded  portion,  the 
hernia  is  said  to  be  incar' cerated  or  stran'gulaied  ; 
and,  if  the  constriction  be  not  removed,  consti- 
pation, hiccough,  vomiting,  and  all  the  signs  of 
violent  inflammation,  followed  by  gangrene,  su- 
pervene, with  alteration  of  the  features,  small 
pulse,  cold  extremities,  and  death. 

The  therapeutical  indications  are,  —  1.  As  re- 
gards reducible  hernia:  —  to  replace  the  viscera 
in  the  abdomen  by  the  taxis;  and  to  retain  them 
there  by  the  use  of  a  triiaa,  which,  if  properly 
adapted,  may  effect  a  radical  cure.  2.  As  regards 
irreducible  hernia:  —  to  support  the  tumour  by 
an  appropriate  suspensory  bandage.  3.  As  re- 
gards strangulated  hernia  : — to  have  recourse  to 
the  taxis;  blood-letting;  warm  bath;  tobacco 
glysters  ;  ice  to  the  tumour;  and,  if  these  should 
not  succeed,  to  perform  an  operation,  which  con- 
sists in  dividing  the  covering  of  the  hernia,  and 
cutting  the  aponeurotic  ring,  which  causes  the 
strangulation ;  —  reducing  the  displaced  viscera, 
unless  their  diseased  condition  should  require 
them  to  be  retained  without; — dressing  the  wound 
appropriately: — restoring  the  course  of  the  faBces 
by  means  of  gentle  glysters — preventing  or  com- 
bating inflammation  of  the  abdominal  viscera  ; — 
conducting  the  wound  to  cicatrization,  by  appro- 
priate means  ;  and  afterwards  supporting  the  ci- 
catrix by  a  bandage. 

The  word  hernia  was  also  used,  of  old,  for  the 
scrotum,  and,  not  unfrequently,  for  the  testicle. 

Hernia,  Aneueismal,  Cirsomphalus — h.  Ar- 
teriarum,  see  Aneurism — h.  of  the  Bladder,  Cys- 
tocele — h.  Bronchialis,  Bronchocele — h.  Carnosa, 
Sarcocele — h.  of  the  Cerebellum,  Parencephalo- 
cele — h.  Cerebri,  Encephalocele. 

Hernia,  Congen'ital,  Hernia  congen'ita,  is  a 
protrusion  of  some  of  the  contents  of  the  abdomen 
into  the  Tunica  vaginalis  testis,  owing  to  a  want 
of  adhesion  between  its  sides,  after  the  descent 
of  the  testicle. 

Hernia  Corner,  Ceratocele  —  h.  Crural,  Me- 
rocele  —  h.  Epiploic,  Epiplocele — h.  Femoral, 
Merocele  —  h.  Foraminis  Ovalis,  see  Hernia  — 
h.  Gutturis,  Bronchocele  —  h.  Hepatica,  Hepa- 
tocele. 

Hernia  Humora'lis,  Emprea'ma  Orchi'tis,  Di- 
dymi'tis,  Orchi'tis,  Orchidi'tis,  Injlamma'tio  tes'- 
tium,  Injlamma'tion  of  the  Tea'ticle,  Swelled  Tes- 


ticle, Hernia  Ven'eria,  Orchioce'le,  Orchidoce'le, 
Orchidon'cHs,  (F.)  Inflammation  du  testicule,  Or- 
chite.  Swelling  and  inflammation  of  the  testicle  is 
a  common  sympton  of  gonorrhoea,  {¥.)Chaudepisae 
tombee  dana  lea  Bourses ;  but  it  may  arise  from 
external  injuries,  or  from  other  causes.  It  is  a 
disease  which  cannot  be  mistaken,  and  the  treat- 
ment must  obviously  be  strongly  antiphlogistic, 
supporting  the  testicle  during  the  treatment,  and 
for  some  time  afterwards  :  methodical  compres- 
sion has  also  been  found  useful.  The  disease  is 
not  generally  of  a  serious  character,  going  off  as 
suddenly  as  it  comes  on.  As  it  affects  the  epidi- 
dymis more  especially,  when  supervening  on  go- 
norrhoea or  blennorrhoea,  it  is  sometimes  termed 
blenorrhag"ic  epididymi'tis. 

Hernia  Incarcerata,  Entero-peristole  —  h. 
Inguinalis,  Bubonocele — h.  Intestinalis,  Entero- 
cele — h.  Intestinalis  omentalis,  Entero-epiplocele 
—  h.  Iridis,  Ptosis  Iridis  —  h.  Ischiatica,  Ischio- 
cele — h.  Lienalis,  Splenocele. 

Heb'nia  Litt'rica,  H.  e  Divertie'ido  Tntesti'ni, 
Hernia  first  described  by  Littre,  in  which  the  in- 
testinal canal  proper  is  not  included  in  the  hernial 
sac,  the  protruded  portion  of  intestine  consisting 
of  a  digital  prolongation  of  the  ileum,  which  Littre 
concluded  was  formed  by  the  gradual  extension 
of  a  knuckle  of  the  bowel,  that  had  been  engaged 
in  the  inguinal  canal. 

Hernia  of  the  Liter,  Hepatocele — h.  of  the 
Lung,  Pneumocele. 

Hernia,  Mesocol'ic,  Her'nia  Mesoco'lica. 
Hernia,  caused  by  the  bowels  gliding  between 
the  layers  of  the  mesocolon. — Sir  A.  Cooper. 

Hernia, Omental,  Epiplocele -^h.  Parorchido- 
enterica,  Parorchido-enterocele — h.  Perin^i,  see 
Hernia— h.  Pharyngis,  Pharyngocele — h.  Phrenic, 
Diaphragmatic  hernia  —  h.  Pinguedinosa  Scroti, 
Liparocele  —  h.  of  the  Pleura,  Pleurocele  —  h. 
Pleurica  et  pulmonalis,  Pleurocele — h.  Pudendal, 
Pudendal  hernia  —  h.  Sacci  lacrymalis.  Lachry- 
mal hernia,  Mucocele — h.  Scrotalis,  Scrotocele — 
h.  Seminalis  scroti.  Spermatocele — h.  of  the  Sto- 
mach, Gastrocele  —  h.  Suprapubian,  H.  inguinal 
— h.  of  the  Tongue,  Glossocele  —  h.  Umbilicalis, 
Epiplomphalon,  Exomphalos — h.  Umbilici  Aquo- 
sa,  Hydromphalum — h.  Urachi,  Uromphalus — h. 
Uteri,  Hysterocele  —  h.  Varicose,  Cirsocele  —  h. 
Varicosa,  Varicocele  —  h.  Venarum,  Varix  —  h. 
Veneris,  Hernia  humoralis — h.  Ventosa,  Physo- 
cele — h.  Ventral,  see  Ventral — h.  Ventriculi,  Gas- 
trocele— h.  Vesicae  Urinarise,  Cystocele — h.  Zir- 
balis,  Epiplocele. 

HERNIAIRE,  Hernial,  Herniaria  glabra. 
HER'NIAL,  Hernia'riua,  (P.)  Herniaire.    Be- 
longing to,  or  concerning  hernia: — as  Hernial 
Bandage,  Hernial  Sac,  &c. 

The  (F.)  Hemic,  is  applied  to  a  part  enveloped 
in  a  hernial  sac.  (F.)  Hernieux,  Cele'ta,  Celo'tes, 
Rup'tured,  Burst,  Bursten,  means  one  affected 
with  hernia;  and  Chirurgien  herniaire,  one  who 
devotes  himself  to  the  treatment  of  hernia. 

HERNIA'RIA  GLABRA,  H.  vulga'ris  seu 
hirsu'ta  seu  alpes'tris  seu  an'nua  seu  cine'rea  seu 
frutico'sa,  Jtlilligra'na,  Em'petrnm,  Bupticre- 
leort,  from  hernia,  'rupture.'  (F.)  Herniaire, 
Tnrquette,  Herniole,  Herbe  Turqiie.  Ord.  Paro- 
nychieaj.  This  plant,  which  as  its  name  imports, 
was  formerly  considered  efficacious  in  the  cure 
of  hernia,  seems  destitute  of  all  virtues. 
HBRNIARIUS,  Hernial. 
HERNIE  CHARNUE,  Sarcocele— A.  de  I'Epi- 
ploon,  Epiplocele  —  h.  de  I'Estomac,  Gastrocele — 
h.  du  Foie,  Hepatocele — h.  Inguinale,  Bubonocele 
—  h.  du  Nombril,  Exomphalos  —  h.  Ombilicale, 
Exomphalos — h.  du  Pouinon,  Pneumocele — h.  de 
la  Yessie,  Cystocele. 
HERNIE,  Hernial. 


HERNIEMPHRAGMUS 


460 


HETEROPROSOPUS 


HERNIEMPHRAG'MUS,  Hermemphrax'in, 
from  hernia,  and  eixtppayfiog,  'obstruction.'  The 
mechanical  obstruction  of  a  hernial  canal  for  the 
radical  cure  of  the  hernia. 

HERNIEUX,  Hernial. 

HERNIOLE,  Herniaria  glabra. 

HERNIOTOMY,  Celotomia. 

HERO'IC,  Hero'icus,  Hero'ius,  Hero'ns,  from 
'cpias,  'a  hero.'  An  epithet  applied  to  remedies 
or  practice  of  a  violent  character. 

HERPEDON,  Herpes. 

HERPEN,  Herpes. 

HERPES,  Erpes,  Heri^e'don,  Herpen,  Serpens, 
from  'tpn-o),  '  I  creep ;'  because  it  creeps  and 
spreads  about  the  skin  ;  Eephly'sis  Herpes,  Cy- 
tis'ma  Herjies,  Tetter,  Fret,  (P.)  Dartre,  Olo- 
pJdyctide.  A  vesicular  disease,  which,  in  most 
of  its  forms,  passes  through  a  regular  course  of 
increase,  maturation,  decline,  and  termination,  in 
from  10  to  14  days.  The  vesicles  arise  in  dis- 
tinct, but  irregular  clusters,  which  commonly  ap- 
pear in  quick  succession,  and  near  together,  on 
an  inflamed  base  ;  generally  attended  with  heat, 
pain,  and  considerable  constitutional  disorder. 
The  term,  like  all  others  which  refer  to  cutaneous 
diseases,  has  not  been  accurately  defined.  The 
ancients  had  three  varieties  :  the  miliary,  Kcy- 
^piaios;  vesicular,  <pXvKTaivu>6ris,  and  ero'ding, 
e.a&toii£vos.  Bateman  has  the  following  varieties: 
1.  Herpes  Phlyct^enodes,  i/erpes  milia'ris,  Ec- 
phly'sis  Herpes  Milia'ris,  Nirles,  (F.)  Dartre 
iMyctendide,  in  which  the  vesicles  are  millet- 
sized  ;  pellucid;  clusters  commencing  on  an  un- 
certain part  of  the  body,  and  being  progressively 
strewed  over  the  rest  of  the  surface ;  succeeded 
by  fresh  crops.  2.  Herpes  Zoster,  Zoster,  Zona 
iff'nea  seu  serp)igino'sa,  Ignis  Per'sieus,  Cinzill'a, 
Vin'gulum,  Sacer  ignis,  Ecphly'sis  Herpes  zoster, 
Herpes  peris' eelis,  Erysip' elas  zoster  seu  phhjcicB- 
no'i'des  seu  pustulo'sa,  Zona,  Cir'cinus,  Perizo'ma, 
(F.)  Ceinture,  C.  dartreiise,  Fete  Persique,  Ery- 
eipele  pustuleiix,  Shingles,  (Prov.)  Gruels,  in 
Vfhich  the  vesicles  are  pearl-sized ;  the  clusters 
spreading  round  the  body  like  a  girdle;  at  times 
confluent,  and  occasionally  preceded  by  constitu- 
tional irritation.  3.  Herpes  Circina'tus,  Eormi'- 
ca  ambulato'ria,  An'nuhis  re'piens,  Herpes  Serpi- 
go, Serpi'go,  Ecphly'sis  Herpes  Circina'tus,  Ring- 
iDorm,  Vesic'ular  Ringioorm,  consisting  of  vesi- 
cles with  a  reddish  base,  uniting  in  rings;  the 
area  of  the  rings  slightly  discoloured,  often 
followed  by  fresh  crops.  4.  Herpes  Labia'lis, 
and  5.  Herpes  Pr^putia'lis,  Aphthcs  prcBpit'tii, 
Ulcus' culu  pircBpu'tii,  appearing,  respectively,  on 
the  lips  and  prepuce.  6.  Herpes  Iris,  Iris,  Rain- 
low-worm,  occurring  in  small  circular  patches, 
each  of  which  is  composed  of  concentric  rings  of 
different  colours.  To  these  may  be  added.  Her- 
pes Ex'edens,  H.  esthiom' enus  seu  depascens  seu 
ferm  seu  estiom'enus  seu/erox,  Ecjjhly'sis  Herpes 
ex'edens,  Darta  evccoriati' va  seu  malig'na,  Lu^^us 
non  exedens,  Foriyii'ca  corrosi'va,  Formix,  Pap'ula 
fera.  Ulcerative  Ringioorm,  A'gria,  (F.)  Dartre 
rongeante,  in  which  the  vesicles  are  hard  ;  clusters 
thronged;  fluid  dense,  yellow  or  reddish,  hot, 
acrid,  corroding  the  subjacent  skin,  and  spread- 
ing in  serpentine  trails. 

All  the  varieties  demand  simply  an  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment,  when  attended  with  febrile  irri- 
tation. The  herjyes  circinatus,  alone,  requires 
the  use  of  astringent  applications  which  have  the 
power  of  repressing  the  eruption. 

Herpes  Depascens,  H.  exedens  —  h.  Esthio- 
menus,  H.  exedens  —  h.  Estiomenus,  H.  exedens 
— ^h.  Farinosus,  Pityriasis — h.  Ferox,  H.  exedens 
— h.  Ferus,  H.  exedens — h.  Furfuraceus,  Pityri- 
asis—  h.  Furfuraceus  circinatus,  Lepra,  H.  exe- 
dens—  h.  Miliaris,  H.  phlyctaenoides  —  h.  Peris- 


celis,  H.  zoster  —  h.  Serpigo,  H.  circinatus  —  h. 
Tonsurans,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

HERPET'IC,  Her2}et'icus,  (F.)  Her2^etique, 
Dartreux.     Possessing  the  nature  of  herpes. 

HERPETOG'RAPHY,  Herpetograph'ia,  from 
'spTTijs,  'herpes,' and  ypa^r;,  'a  description.'  A  de- 
scription of  the  different  forms  of  herpes,  as  Her- 
petol'ogy,  Herpetolo'j"ia,  is  a  treatise  on  the  same, 
and  also  on  reptiles,  from  'ipircTov,  'a  reptile.' 

HER'PETON,  Her2}et'icon,  from  'tpTteiv,  'to 
creep.'  A  creeping  eruption  or  ulcer.  —  Hippo- 
crates. 

HERPYLOS,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

HERRENSCWHAND'S  SPECIFIC,  see  Spe- 
cific of  Herrenschwand. 

HERRIN,  Urine. 

HERSKET,  Ardor  ventriculi. 

HESPERIS  ALLIARIA,  Alliaria. 

HETER ADELPH'IA,  Heterodidym'ia',  Hetero- 
dym'ia,  from  'cnpo?,  'other,'  and  absXipoi,  'a 
brother.'  A  double  monstrosity,  in  which  the 
components  of  the  double  bodies  are  very  unequal, 
and  of  which  one  portion  maybe  regarded  as  the 
stem  or  trunk,  to  which  another  organized  part, 
or  even  a  whole  body,  less  developed  than  itself, 
is  aflBxed  like  a  parasite. 

HETERADEN'IC,  Heteraden'icus,  (P.)  Hete- 
radenique,  from  'trtpof,  'other,' and  ad>iv,  'a  gland.' 
An  accidental  tissue  is  so  termed,  which  has  a 
glandular  structure,  but  occurs  in  parts  devoid  of 
glands. 

HETEROCHRON'ICUS,  Heferoch'ronus,  from 
'iTcpos,  and  xpovoi,  '  time.'  Relating  to  difference 
of  time. 

Pulsus  heterochron'icns.  A  pulse  of  varying 
rhythm.     An  irregular  or  intermittent  pulse. 

HETEROCHYMEU'SIS,  from  'cnpos,  and 
j^vjxevaig,  'mixture.'  A  state  of  the  blood  in 
which  it  contains  other  matters  than  in  health, 
as  urea,  bile,  &c. 

HETEROCLITE,  see  Homology,  and  Tissues. 

HETEROCRANIA,  Hemicrania. 

HETEROCRIN'IA,  from  'crepos,  and  Kptpw,  'I 
separate.'  Modification  in  the  situation  of  secre- 
tions.— Andral. 

HETERODIDYMIA,  Heteradelphia. 

HETERODYMIA,  Heteradelphia. 

HETEROGENESIS,  see  Generation.  Also, 
any  anomaly  in  organic  formation. 

HETEROLALIA,  Heterophonia. 

HETEROLOGOUS  TISSUES,  see  Tissues. 

HETEROMORPH'ISM,  Heteromorphis'mus, 
from  'cTzpot,  and  iiopcprj,  'shape.'  A  deviation 
from  the  natural  shape  of  parts. 

HETEROMORPHOUS,  see  Homology. 

HETEROPA'GIA;  from  'erepoi,  and  irayu,  'I 
unite  together.'  A  double  monstrosity,  in  which 
the  accessory  subject,  which  is  very  small  and 
imperfect,  but  provided  with  a  distinct  head,  and 
at  least  rudimental  lower  limbs,  has  its  body  im- 
planted on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  body  of  the 
principal  subject. 

HETEROPATHIC,  Allopathic. 

HETEROPHO'NIA,  from  'trepoc;,  and  <l>iovv, 
'voice.'  A  cracked  or  broken  voice.  A  change 
of  the  voice  or  speech — Heterola'lia. 

HETEROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'ercpog,  and 
o(j>&a\iioi,  'eye.'  A  difference  in  the  two  eyes, — 
as  when  one  squints,  or  is  of  a  different  colour. 

HETEROPLASM'US,  from  'trcpos,  and  T:Xaaixa, 
'formation.'  A  morbid  formation  foreign  to  the 
economy,  and  which  is  composed  of  elements 
different  from  those  that  are  found  in  it  in  the 
normal  condition. 

HETEROPLAS'TY,  Heteroplas'tiee,  Hetero- 
pla'sia,  from  'crcpo;,  and  TzXaaaa],  '1  form.'  Irre- 
gular plastic  or  formative  actions  or  operations, 
that  do  not  admit  of  exact  classification. 

HETEROPROSO'PUS,  from  'crcpos,  and   irpo- 


HETEROPUS 


4G1      HIERA    DIACOLOCYISTHIDOb 


ffuTToi',  ''countenance.'  A  monster  having  two 
face.-=. — Gurlt. 

HET'EROPUS,  from  'erepos,  and  ttov;,  'foot.' 
One  who  has  one  foot  different  from  the  other. 

HETEROREXIA.  Malacia. 

HETERORRHYTH'MUS,  from  'crepog,  and 
pvQjxoi,  'rhythm.'  Having  another  rhythm.  An 
epithet  given  to  the  pulse,  when  it  is  such,  in  any 
individual,  as  is  nsuallv  felt  at  a  different  age. 

HETEROSARCO'SES,  from  'trzpos,  and  cap^, 
'flesh.'  A  class  of  diseases  which  consist  in  the 
formation  of  accidental  tissues.— Gendrin. 

HETEROTAX'IA,  (F.)  Eeterotaxie,  from  'ete- 
po?,  and  rafif,  'order.'  A  malformation,  which 
consists  in  the  general  transposition  of  organs. 
A  change  in  the  relation  of  organs. 

HETEROTOP'IA,  (F.)  Eeterotojne,  from  'm- 
pog,  and  rorrog,  'place.'  A  deviation  from  the 
natural  position  of  parts. 

H^TRE,  Fagus  sylvatica. 

HEUCHERA,  see  H.  cortusa  —  h.  Acerifolia, 
H.  cortusa. 

Hecche'ra  Cortd'sa,  E.  America' na  sen  Ace- 
rifo'lia  seu  Yis'cida,  Cortu'sa  America' na,  Alum 
Root,  Amer'ican  San'icle,  Ground-maple,  Cliff- 
weed,  Split-rock.  Ord.  Saxifragaceas.  The  root 
— Eeuchera  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  a  powerful  astringent, 
and  is  the  basis  of  a  cancer  powder.  The  Ameri- 
can Indians  apply  the  powdered  root  to  wounds, 
ulcers,  and  cancers.  It  is  said  to  have  been  sold 
for  colchieum. 

Heuchera  Richardso's^ii,  which  abounds  on 
the  rocks  of  Churchill  River,  is  used  medicinally 
by  the  Cree  Indians,  who  chew  its  astringent 
root,  and  apply  it  as  a  vulnerary  to  wounds  and 
sores. 

Heuchera  Viscid  a,  H.  cortusa. 

HEUCK-BANE,  Ischion. 

HEUDELOTIA  AFRICAXA,  see  Bdellium. 

HEUKS,  Singultus. 

HEVEA  GUIAXEXSIS,  see  Caoutchouc. 

HEXAGIUM,  Sextu'.a. 

HEX  AG  ONE  ARTERIELLE,  see  Circulus 
WiUisii. 

HEXATHTRIDIUMVEXARUM,  see  Worms. 

HEXIS,  'ffi?.  Habit,  habit  of  body,  constitu- 
tion.    Hence,  hectic,  cachectic,  &c. 

HEYLE.  Sanitas. 

HIA  TSAO  TOXG  TCHOXG,  Sphseria 
Sinensis. 

HIA'TUS,  from  Mare,  hiatnm,  'to  gape,'  'to 
open.'  A  foramen  or  aperture.  Mouth.  The 
vulva.     Also,  yawning. 

Hiatus  Canalis  Fallopii,  see  Aquseductus 
Fallopii. 

Hiatus  Diaphrag'jiatis  Aor'ticus,  Semicir'- 
culns  exsculp'tm.  The  opening  in  the  diaphragm 
for  the  passage  of  the  abdominal  aorta. 

Hiatus  Fallopii,  see  Aqueeductus  Fallopii  — 
h.  Occipito  petreux,  Lacerum  posterius  foramen 
— h.  Sjiheno-'petreiix,  Lacerum  anterius  foramen. 

Hiatus  of  Winslow,  Fora'men  Winslovii, 
Fora'men  of  Winsloio.  An  opening  —  situate 
behind  th-e  lesser  omentum,  and  behind  the  ves- 
sels and  nerves  of  the  liver — which  forms  a  com- 
munication between  the  peritoneal  cavity  and 
that  of  the  omenta. 

HIBER'XICUS  LAPIS,  Teg'ula  sen  Arde'sia 
Hiber'nica,  Earde'sia,  Irish  Slate.  A  kind  of 
slate  or  very  hard  stone,  found  in  different  parts 
of  Ireland,  in  masses  of  a  bluish-black  colour, 
■which  stains  the  hands.  It  has  been  taken, 
powdered,  .in  spruce-beer,  against  inward  con- 
tusions. 

HIBISCUS,  Althsea. 

HiBls'cus  Abelmos'chus,  Abelmos'chua  mos- 
cha'tus.  Ord.  Malvaceae.  The  name  of  the 
plant,  whose  seeds  are  C9.11ed  Grana  Iloschi  or 


J/usl-seed.  It  is  the  Behnm'chus,  Abelmos'cJuis, 
Granum  Iloschi,  Ket'mia  JEfjyptiaca,  MoHchus 
Ar'abiim,  JEgyp'lia  moscha'ta,  Bamix  moscha'ta, 
Al'cea,  A.  Lid'ica  sen  ^gyptiaca  Villo'sa,  Abel- 
mosch,  Abelmnsl;  Jluskmallow,  (F.)  Graine  de 
Muse,  Eerbe  a  la  poudre  de  Chypre,  Ambrette, 
Guiinanve  veloutee.  It  is  indigenous  in  Egypt 
and  the  Indies.  The  seeds  are  chiefly  used  as 
perfumes;  and  especially  in  the  formation  of 
Cyprus  Poicder. 

Hibiscus  Esculen'tus,  Oln-a,  Ohro,  Gombo. 
A  plant,  the  green  pods  of  which  abound  in  mu- 
cilage, and  are  much  used  in  the  West  Indies  for 
soups. 

HiBls'cus  Popule'us,  Baliniba'go.  A  small 
Molucca  tree.  The  fruit  is  full  of  a  juice  similar 
to  camboge.  The  root  is  emetic.  It  is  used  in 
chronic  diarrhoea,  colic,  dyspepsia,  &c. 

HIBRIDA,  Hybrid. 

HICCOUGH,  Singultus. 

HICCUP,  Singultus. 

HICK'ORY.  The  name  of  several  American 
trees  of  the  genus  Carya ;  Order,  Juglandacese. 
The  leaves  are  usually  aromatic  ;  and  are  reputed 
to  be  antispasmodic  [?].  The  bark  of  those  species 
that  have  bitter  nuts,  as  Carya  ama'ra  and  C. 
porci'na,\^  somewhat  astringent.  Some  of  them 
bear  fruit  that  is  much  esteemed,  as  Carya  olivm- 
formis.  Pecan'  or  Peccan'  nut,  and  C.  sidca'ta, 
Shellbark. 

HIDDEX  SEIZURES.  An  expression  em- 
ployed by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  for  obscure  ence- 
phalic and  spinal  attacks,  of  an  epileptoid  cha- 
racter for  example,  which  may  be  immediately 
owing  to  trachelismus. 

HIDE-BOUXD,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue. 

HIDRISCHESIS,  Hidroschesis. 

HIDROA,  Desudatio,  Echauboulnres,  Hydroa, 
Sudamina. 

HIDROX'OSUS,  Eidronu'sus,  from  'tipo,?, 
'sweat,'  and  i-oo-of,  'a  disease.'  A  disease  accom- 
panied by  violent  sweats.     Sudor  Anglicus. 

HIDROXUSUS,  Hidronosus. 

HIDROPEDESIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HIDROPHOROS,  Sudoriferous, 

HIDROPOETICUM,  Sudorific. 

HIDROPYRA,  Sudor  Anglicus. 

HIDROPYRETOS,  Sudor  Anglicus. 

HIDRORRHCEA,  Ephidrosis. 

HIDR0S,'i(5puf,  'iif>(i)To;,  Sudor,  'sweat.'  Hence 
— Eidropyra,  Eidrosis,  &c. 

HIDROS'CHESIS,  Eidris'chesis,  lieten'tio  su- 
do'ris,  from  hidros,  and  (r;^£(Tif,  'retention.'  Sup- 
pression of  perspiration. 

HIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HIDROTERIOX,  Achicolum. 

HIDROTERIUM,  Sudorific. 

HIDROTICUM,  Sudorific. 

HIDRO'TIUM,  Diminutive  of  hidros.  A 
gentle  sweat  or  perspiration. 

HIDROTOPCEUM,  Sudorific. 

EIEBLE,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

HI'ERA  DIACOLOCYX'THIDOS,  from  'upog. 
'holy.'  Eieraof  Colocynth.  An  electuary,  com- 
posed of  10  parts  of  colocynth,  as  much  agaric, 
germander,  white  horehound,  stcechas:  —  5  parts 
of  opoponax,  as  much  sagapienum,  parsley,  round 
birthicort  root,  and  lohite  pepper:  —  4  parts  of 
spikenard,  cinnamon,  myrrh,  and  saffron  ;  and  3 
pounds,  3  ounces,  and  5  drachms  of  honey. 

HiERA  OF  Colocynth,  H.  Diacolocynthidos  — 
h.  Logadii,  Hiera  piora. 

HiERA  PiCRA,  from  'itpos,  'holy,'  and  -niKpo;, 
'bitter.'  Eoly  bitter,  Pulris  aloet'icus,  formerly 
called  Eiera  loga'dii  when  made  into  an  electu- 
ary with  honey.  It  is  nowTiept  in  the  form  of 
dry  powder;— prepared  by  mixing  aocotrine  aloes, 


HIERACITES 


462 


HIPPURIS  VULGARIS 


one  pound,  with  3  ounces  of  eanella  alba.  See 
Pulvis  aloes  cum  eanella. 

HiERA  Syrinx,  Vertebral  column.  Epilepsy. 

HIERACI'TES,  'lapaKirrn,  from  'upa^,  'upaKOS, 
*a  hawk,'  Lapis  Aec.ip'itrum.  The  ancient  name 
of  a  precious  stone,  believed  to  be  capable  of  ar- 
resting the  hemorrhoidal  flux.  —  Pliny,  Galen, 
Paulus. 

HIERACrUM  LACHENALII,  H.  murorum. 

HiERA'cinr  MuRo'RUjr,  H.  Lachena'lii,  Pul- 
mona'ria  Gall'ica,  Aiiric'iila  mu'ris  major,  (F.) 
JUperviire  des  mtiraillcs,  Piilmonaire  des  Frangais. 
Ord.  CompositEe.  A  European  plant,  which  is  a 
slight  tonic. 

HiERAciDjr  OLERACEtTir,  Sonchus  oleraceus. 

HrERACitTsr  Pilosel'la.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Auric'ula  Man's,  Pilosel'la,  P.  Alpi'ua, 
Myoso'tis,  3fouse-ear,  (P.)  Piloselle,  Oreille  de 
Souris.  This  plant  contains  a  bitter,  lactescent 
juice,  which  has  a  slight  degree  of  astringency. 
The  roots  are  more  powerful  than  the  leaves. 

Hiera'cium  Veno'sum,  Hattlestiakeweed,  Veiny 
Hawkweed,  Bloodwort,  indigenous,  has  similar 
properties. 

HIERANOSUS,  Chorea,  Convulsion,  Epilepsy. 

HIERAX,  Accipiter. 

HIEROBOTANE,  Verbena  officinalis. 

HIBROGLYPH'ICA,  from  'upo;,  'holy,'  and 
yXu^u, 'I  carve.'  A  name  given  to  the  signs 
employed  in  medicine ;  and,  also,  to  the  folds  in 
the  hands,  feet,  and  forehead,  which  afford  chi- 
romancy its  pretended  oracles. 

HIEROPYR,  Erysipelas. 

HIKRY  PIKRY,  Pulvis  aloes  et  CanellEe. 

HILL'S  BALSAM  OF  HONEY,  see  Balsam 
of  Honey,  Hill's — h.  Essence  of  Bardana,  Tinctura 
guaiacse. 

HILLBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

HILL  FEVER,  see  Fever,  hill. 

HILON  (F.),  Hilum,  improperly  Hlhts,  'the 
black  spot  on  the  top  of  a  bean.'  A  name  given 
by  some  writers  to  a  small  blackish  tumour, 
formed  by  the  protrusion  of  the  iris  through  an 
opening  in  the  transparent  cornea,  so  called  from 
its  comparison  with  the  hile  or  black  mark  pre- 
sented by  the  vicia  faba  at  one  of  its  extremities. 
■Jn  Botany,  the  Hile  or  Hilum  is  the  cicatricula 
of  a  seed,  which  indicates  the  place  by  which  it 
was  attached  in  the  cavity  of  the  pericarp.  It 
is  the  umbilicus  of  the  seed.  The  fissure  of  the 
spleen,  kidney,  lung,  ovary,  &c.,  is,  also,  called 
Hilns.     See  Porta. 

HILUS,  Hilon. 

HiLUS  Liena'lis,  Incisu'ra  Uena'lis.  The  con- 
cave part  of  the  spleen. 

HlLUS  Rena'lis,  Incisu'ra  rena'lis,  Hilus  of 
the  kidnexj.     The  concave  part  of  the  kidney. 

HILWORT,  Mentha  pulegium. 

HIMANTOMA,  see  Himas. 

HIMANTOSIS,  Himas. 

HIMAS,  hfiai,  'ifiavTo;,  *a  thong  of  leather.' 
The  uvula;  likewise,  elongation,  and  extenuation 
of  the  uvula.  It  is  also  called  Himanto'sis,  Hi- 
manto'ma.     See  Staphylcedema. 

HIMEROS,  Libido. 

HINDBERRIES,  see  Rubus  idaus. 

HINDHEEL,  Taaacetum. 

HIP,  Haunch,  Hypochondriasis  —  h.  Bone, 
Ischium — h.  Disease,  Coxarum  morbus — h.  Joint, 
Coxofemoral  articulation — h.  Tree,  Rosa  canina. 

HIP'PACE,  'irnaKri,  from  'itriro;,  'a.  horse.' 
Ga'seus  Equi'nua.  A  cheese  prepared  from  mare's 
milk. 

HIPPANTHRO'PIA,  from  'iTn-of,  'a  horse,' 
and  ay^pcjJTOf, '  a  man.'  A  variety  of  melancholy, 
in  which  the  patient  believes  himself  changed  to 
a  horse.  The  Greek  word  '(jnravSpujroj,  means 
the  fabulous  Centaur. 


HIPPASIA,  Equitation. 

HIPPED,  Hypochondriac. 

HIPPEIA,  Equitation. 

HIPPEUSIS,  Equitation. 

HIPPIA'TER,  Hippi'dtros,  Med'icus  equa'rius, 
from  'nrnos,  '  a  horse,'  and  'larpos,  '  a  physician.' 
A  farrier.  A  horse  doctor.  Used  also  for  one 
who  treats  the  diseases  of  other  domestic  animals ; 
Veteriua'rius,  Jfulonted'icus,  Med'icus  Veteri]ia'^- 
riiis,  Zoid'trus. 

HIPPIATRI'A,  Hippiat' rica,  Hippiat'rice, 
Medici'na  equa'ria,  (F.)  Hippiatrique.  A  science, 
whose  object  is  the  knowledge  of  the  diseases  of 
the  horse.  It  is  sometimes  made  to  include  other 
domestic  animals.     See  Veterinary  art. 

HIPPIATRIQUE,  Hippiatria. 

HIPPIATRUS,  Hippiater. 

HIPPO,  Ipecacuanha.  A  corruption,  in  Ire- 
land, of  Ipecacuanha;  and  hence  applied,  at 
times,  in  the  United  States,  to  the  American 
plant.  Euphorbia  Corollata,  which  is,  also,  called 
Ipecacuanha. 

Hippo,  Indian,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

HIPPOOAMPE  GRANDE,  Cornu  ammonis. 

HIPPOCAMPUS  MAJOR,  Cornu  ammonis. 

Hippocam'pus  Minor,  Pes  liippocam' pi  minor, 
{'iTtTTOKaiiTTos,  'the  sea  horse.')  Unguis,  U.  Ada 
seu  Halleri,  O'crea,  Collic'uhis  ca'vecB  posterio'ris 
ventriculo'runi  latera'lium,  Calcar  a'vis,  Uu'cifona 
Em'inenee,  (F.)  Ergot,  Eperon.  A  medullary  tu- 
bercle or  projection,  observed  in  the  posterior 
cornu  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

HIPPOCENTAUREA  CENTAURIUM,  Chi~ 
ronia  centaurium. 

HIPPOCRAS,  Claret. 

HIPPOCRATES.  CAP  OF,  Bonnet  d'Hippo- 
crate — h.  Sleeve,  Chausse, 

lll'P'POQ'RAT'lC,Hipp>ocrat'icus.  Relating  to 
Hippocrates,  or  concerning  his  doctrine, — as  Hip- 
piocratic  doctrine,  Hippocratic  face,  &c. 

HIPPOC'RATISM,  lf!>;jocra«wOT'«s.  The  doe- 
trine  of  Hippocrates,  which  consisted  in  observing 
and  following  nature,  as  indicated  by  her  pre- 
sumed efforts,  and  the  crises  set  up  by  her. 

HIPPOC'RATIST.  A  partisan  of  the  Hippo- 
cratic doctrine. 

HIPPOGONYOLEPUS,  Crusta  genu  equinse. 

HIPPOLAPATHUM,  Rumex  patienta. 

HIPPOLITHUS,  Bezoard  of  the  horse. 

HIPPOM'ANB  MANCINEL'LA,  ('tTTrof,  'a 
horse,'  and  fiavia,  'madness,'  'horse,  or  violent 
madness,')  J/ancAuiee^,  (F.)  Mancenillier.  Family, 
Euphorbiacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia. 
A  poisonous  tree  of  South  America,  with  the 
milky  juice  of  which  the  Indians  poison  their 
arrows.     The  fruit,  also,  is  highly  poisonous. 

HIPPOMARATHRUM,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

HIPPOPATHOL'OGY,  Hippop  atholog'  'ia, 
from.'fTnroy, '  a  horse,' jraSof,  'a  disease,' and  \oyoi, 
'a  discourse.'  The  science  of  the  diseases  of 
the  horse.     Pathology  of  the  horse. 

HIPPOPHAGOUS,  Equivorous. 

HIPPOPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

HIPPOS,  Equus. 

HIPPOSELINUM,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

HIPPOSTEOL'OGY,  Hipposteolog" ia,  from 
'iTTTTof,  'a  horse,'  oartov,  'a  bone,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a 
discourse.'     Osteology  of  the  horse. 

HIPPOT'OMY,  Hippotom'ia,  from  'ix^of,  'a 
horse,'  and  TSfivetv,  '  to  cut.'  Anatomy  of  the 
horse. 

HIPPU'RIA,  from  'ivnos,  'a  horse,'  and  ovpov, 
'urine,'  because  the  urine  contains  hippuric  acid, 
which  is  found  in  the  urine  of  the  horse.  A  pa- 
thological condition,  in  which  there  is  an  excess 
of  hippuric  acid  in  the  urine. 

HIPPURIC  ACID,  see  Acid,  hippuric. 

HIPPURIS    VULGA'RIS,    from     'ikkos,    'a 


HIPPUS 


46  3 


HOLLY 


horse,'  and  ovpa,  'a  tail.'  The  systematic  nnrne 
of  the  Horse's  Toil,  Ifnre's  Tail,  Eqiiise'tum  mi- 
nus, Eqidse'tum,  (P.)  Prele,  Presle,  Asprele,  Queue 
de-  cheval.  It  is  an  astringent,  and  frequently 
used,  as  tea,  by  the  vulgar,  in  diarrhoea  and  he- 
morrhage. The  same  virtues  are  attributed  to 
the  Eqaise'tum  arven'se,  fluoiat'ile,  limo'sum,  &c. 

HIPPUS,  Equus,  Nicta'tio,  from  't-KKOi,  'a 
horse.'  A  disease  of  the  eyes,  in  which,  from 
birth;  they  perpetually  twinkle,  like  those  of  a 
man  on  horseback.  [?]  Also,  a  tremulous  condition 
of  the  iris,  which  occasions  repeated  alternations 
of  contraction  and  dilatation  of  the  pupil;  Jri- 
dot'romus,  Iridodone'sis,  Iridoi^ila'nia,  Tremor 
I'ridis. 

HIPS,  Sax.  heopa.  The  fruit  of  the  dog-rose, 
Rosa  cani'na  :  chiefly  used  as  a  confection.  See 
Confectio  Rosas  CaninjB. 

HIRCIS'MirS,  Hircus,  Hirquus,  from  liircus, 
'a  goat.'  Stinking  like  a  goat:  —  applied  espe- 
cially to  the  odour  of  the  secretions  of  the  axilla. 

HIRCUS,  Canthus  (greater),  Hircismus,  Tra- 
gus— h.  Alarum,  Cinabra. 

HIRPLING,  Claudication. 

HIRQUITAL'ITAS,  from  hircus,  'a  goat,' Pa- 
rapho'nia  pu'berum.  Goat's  voice.  See  Egophony. 

HIRQUUS,  Hircus,  Canthus  (greater),  Hircis- 
mus, Tragus. 

HIRSU'TIES,  Bas'yma,  Das'ytes,  Tricho'sis, 
Hirsa'ties,  Hair'iness.  Growth  of  hairs  on  extra- 
neous parts,  or,  superfluous  growth  on  parts  ;  as 
in  cases  of  bearded  women. — Good.  AVhen  con- 
genital, it  is  termed  Hirsu'ties  adiin'ta. 

HIRU'DO,  The  Leech,  Saiujxiisn'sa,  BdeUa  : 
from  haurio,  '  I  draw  out,'  or  from  hmreo,  'I  stick.' 
[?]  In  medicine,  Hiru'do  J/edicina'lis,  Bdella 
Medicina'lis  or  Medic" inal  Leech,  (F.)  Snngsne, 
is  employed.  In  the  United  States,  H.  dec'ora 
is  used.  The  leech  lives  in  fresh  water,  and 
feeds  on  the  blood  of  animals,  which  it  sucks, 
after  having  pierced  the  skin  with  its  three  sharp 
teeth.  This  habit  has  been  taken  advantage  of, 
to  produce  local  blood-letting.  In  applying  the 
leech,  the  part  must  bo  wiped  dry  ;  and  if  there 
be  difficulty  in  making  it  sucfe^  a  little  milk  or 
cream  may  be  applied.  When  satiated,  it  will 
drop  off,  and  by  applying  a  little  salt  or  vinegar 
to  its  head  it  will  disgorge  the  blood.  A  good 
English  leech  will  take  about  half  an  ounce  of 
blood,  including  that  which  flows  by  fomenting 
the  part  subsequently.     The  American  takes  less. 

HiRtTDO  Artificialis,  Antlia  sanguisuga  —  h. 
Decora,  see  Hirudo — h.  Medicinalis,  Hirudo. 

HIRUNDINARIA,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum, 
Lysimachia  nummularia. 

HIRUN'DO,  Chel'idon,  from  hcp.rendo,  'stick- 
ing;' because  it  sticks  its  nests  against  the 
houses  [?].  The  Swallow.  The  nests  of  the 
swallow  were  once  employed  as  rubefacients, 
boiled  in  vinegar. 

HISPANICUM  VIRIDE,  Cupri  subacetas. 

HISPIDITAS,  Dystoechiasis,  Phalangosis. 

HISPIDULA,  Antennaria  dioicum. 

HISSING  RESPIRATION,  see  Kdle  sibilant. 

HISTIOLOGICAL,  Histological. 

HISTIOLOGY,  Histology. 

HISTOCHEMIA,  see  Chymistry. 

HISTOCHYMY,  see  Chymistry. 

HISTOCHEMISTRY,  see  Chymistry. 

HISTODIAL'YSIS,  from  'kttos,  'organic  tex- 
ture,' and  iiaXvaig,  'dissolution.'  A  morbid  dis- 
solution of  the  tissues. 

HISTOGENET'IC,  Histogenet'icus,  '  Tissue 
making.'  Same  etymon  as  the  nest.  Relating,  or 
appertaining  to  histogeny  or  the  formation  and 
development  of  the  organic  textures. 

HiSTOGENETIC      ELEMENTS     OF     NUTRITIOJf,     366 

Plastic  Element. 

HI3T0G"ENY,      Histogen' ia,      Histogen'esis, 


Tissue  formation,  from  'lo-roy,  'the  organic  tex- 
ture,' and  yev€(Tis,  'generation.'  The  formation 
and  development  of  the  organic  textures. 

HISTOLOGIA,  Histology. 

HISTOLOG"ICAL,  Histolog" icus,  Histiolog"- 
ical,  Hi8tiolog"{cus.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Relating  to  histology.  Applied,  also,  at  times, 
to  the  natural  transformations  that  occur  in  the 
tissues  in  the  embryo,  in  contradistinction  to 
morphological,  which  applies  to  the  alterations  in 
the  form  of  the  several  parts  of  the  embryo. 

HISTOL'OGY,  Histolog"ia,  Hiatiol'ogy,  His- 
tiolog"ia,  from  'laros,  'the  organic  texture,'  and 
Aoyus,  'a  description.  Anatomy  (general).  The 
term  is,  also,  more  particularly  appropriated  to 
the  minute  anatomy  of  the  tissues.  See  Ana- 
tomy. 

Patholog"ical  Hisfol'ogy,  Microscop'ic  pnlho- 
log"ical  Anat'omy,  is  the  morbid  anatomy  of  the 
tissues. 

HISTOL'YSIS,  from  'loroj,  'the  organic  tex- 
ture,' and  \vaLS,  'solution.'  The  decay  and  dis- 
solution of  the  organic  tissues,  and  of  the  blood. 
It  includes  the  various  forms  of  retrograde  meta- 
morphosis and  degeneration. 

HISTON'OMY,  //wtonom'i'a,  from  'lorof,  'the 
organic  texture,' and  radios,  'law.'  The  aggregate 
of  laws,  which  preside  over  the  formation  and 
arrangement  of  the  organic  tissues. 

HIS'TORY,  MED'ICAL,  Histo'ria  Medici'ufs. 
A  narration  of  the  chief  circumstances,  and  the 
persons  connected  with  them,  in  the  progress  of 
medicine. 

HIST'OS,  'lOToy,  'a  web  or  tissue,'  'the  organic 
texture;'    Textu'ra  sen  Tela  organ'ica. 

HISTOT'OMY,  Histotom'ia,  from  'laroi,  'or- 
ganic  texture,'  and  Tofirj,  'incision.'  Dissectiori 
of  the  tissues. 

HIVE,  Hives. 

Hive  Syrup,  Syrupus  seillse  compositus. 

HIVES,  Cynanche  trachealis,  Urticaria,  Vari- 
cella. In  Scotland,  according  to  Dr.  Jameson, 
Hives  or  Hyves  means  any  eruption  of  the  skin, 
proceeding  from  an  internal  cause;  and,  in  Lo- 
thian, it  is  used  to  denote  both  the  red  and  the 
yellow  gum.  In  the  United  States,  it  is  vaguely 
employed :  most  frequently,  perhaps,  for  Urti- 
caria. 

Hives,  Bold,  Cynanche  trachealis,  Urticaria 
— h.  Eating,  Rupia  escharotica. 

HOARSENESS,  Raucedo. 

HOAST,  Tussis. 

HOBBIL.  Idiot. 

HOB-NAIL  LIVER,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver, 
Liver,  nutmeg. 

HOC,  Alcea  rosea. 

HOCK,  Poples. 

HOCKS,  Alcea  rosea. 

HOD,  Crick  in  the  neck. 

HOFF,  Poples. 

HOG-LICE,  Onisci  aselli. 

HOGWORT,  Heptallon  graveolens. 

HOIST,  Tussis. 

HOLANENCEPHA'LIA,  from  'oXoj,  'entire,' 
and  aiiencephalia,  'absence  of  brain.'  Entire 
absence  of  brain, — the  same  as  Anencephalia. — 
L  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

HOLARTHRITIS,  Hamarthritis. 

HOLCE,  'oAk7.     a  drachm. — Galen. 

HOL'CIMOS,  'oXxiiio;,  from  'oX(o/,  'a  weight.' 
A  tumour  of  the  liver. 

HOLCUS  SORGHUM,  Panicum  Italicum. 

HOLENE,  Ilex  aquifolium. 

HOLERA,  Cholera. 

HOLES,  BURNT,  Rupia  escharotica. 

HOLLANDS,  Gin. 

HOLLEN,  Ilex  aquifolium. 

HOLLY,  AMERICAN,  Ile.^  opaca  — h.  Com- 
mon,  Ilex  aquifolium — h.  Dahoon,  Ilex  vomitoris 


HOLLYHOCK 


4(34 


HONEYCOMB   BAG 


— h.  Ground,  Pyrola  maculata,  Pyrola  umoellata 
— h.  Sea,  Ervngium  taaritimum. 

HOLLYHOCK,  COMMOX,  Alcea  rosea. 

HOLMES  WEED,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

HOLMICOS,  Alveolus. 

HOLMOS,  Mortar. 

HOLOCYKOX,  Teuerium  ehamsepitys. 

HOLOGAN&LIITIS,  Cholera. 

HOLOXARCO'SIS,  from  'oAo?,  'whole,'  and 
papKkicif,  'stupor.'  Xareosis  of  the  whole  body. 
Torpefac'tio  universa'Us. 

HOLOPHLYCTIDES,  Phlyctajna. 

HOLOSTEUM  ALSIXE,  Alsine  media. 

HOLOSTEUS,  Osteocolla. 

HOLOTETAXUS,  see  Tetanus. 

HOLOTOXIA,  Holotonicus,  Tetanus. 

HOLOTOX'ICUS,  'o\os,  'the  whole,' and  rnvu, 
'I  stretch.'  Holotoa' ia.  A  spasm  of  the  whole 
body  ; — a  variety  of  tetanus. — Sauvages. 

HOLY^X,  Hex  aquifolium. 

HOL'YWELL,  MIXERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Holywell  is  a  town  in  Wales,  and  takes  its  name 
from  the  famous  well  of  St.  AVinifred.  It  is  a 
simple  cold  water,  remarkable  for  its  purity. 

HOMACtRA,  Omagra. 

HOMEOPATHY,  Homoeopathy. 

HOMERDA,  Stercus  humanum. 

HOME'RIA  COLLI'XA,  Cape  Tulip.  A  poi- 
sonous South  African  plant,  Nat.  Orel,  Irideffi, 
the  bulb  of  which  acts  as  a  violent  acro-narcotic, 
producing  fatal  results  very  speedily. 

HOMESICKXESS,  Xostalgia. 

HOMICI'DAL,  Tnicnlen'tiis,  Ferns,  from  homo, 
'man,'  and  ccedo,  'I  kill.'  Pertaining  or  relating 
to  homicide  or  the  killing  of  man. 

Homicidal  Insan'ity,  Homici' dal  Monoma'nia, 
(F.)  Monomanic  homicide.  Insanity,  with  an 
irresistible  impulse  to  destroy  life. 

HOMILIA,  Coition. 

HOM'IXY.  A  word  of  Indian  derivation. 
Maize  or  Indian  corn  hulled  and  coarsely  broken. 
It  is  prepared  for  food  by  being  mixed  with  water 
and  boiled. 

Hominy,  Wheaten,  see  Groats. 

HOMIOSIS,  Homoiosis. 

BOMJIE,  Homo. 

HOMO,  (F.)  Homme,  Man,— the  chief  and  most 
perfect  of  the  mammalia;  in  Greek,  avSpdi-og, 
Anthro'pos,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  Tpczu),  'I 
turn;'  because  man,  alone,  of  all  animals,  pos- 
sesses the  natural  power  of  standing  erect.  He 
is,  also,  the  only  animal  whose  incisor  teeth, 
wedged  in  a  projecting  jaw,  are  absolutely  ver- 
tical. Man  is  especially  distinguished  from  other 
mammalia  by  the  faculty,  which  he  possesses,  of 
classing  his  ideas ;  comparing  them  with  each 
other ;  and  connecting,  representing,  and  trans- 
mitting them  by  signs  and  articulate  sounds.  He 
possesses,  in  the  highest  degree,  all  the  attributes 
of  intelligence, — memory,  judgment,  and  imagi- 
nation. He  inhabits  all  countries, —  the  burning 
regions  of  the  torrid  zone,  and  the  chilling  at- 
mosphere of  the  polar  climes.  In  different  situa- 
tions, he  presents,  in  his  figure,  colour,  and  sta- 
ture, differences  which  have  caused  mankind  to 
be  divided  by  naturalists  into  races  or  varieties. 
The  number  of  such  races  can  only  be  approxi- 
mated. Blumenbach  admits  five,  the  Caucasian, 
Ethiopian,  Jfongoliati,  Malay,  and  American. 
Every  division  must  necessarily  be  arbitrary,  and 
the  individuals  composing  each  variety  are  far 
from  being  alike. 

Homo  Alatus,  see  Alatus. 

Homo  Cauda'tcs,  'Tailed  man.'  A  fabulous, 
tailed  variety  of  the  human  species,  'incola  orbis 
antarctiei,'  admitted  by  Linnseus,  although  he  is 
uncertain  whether  to  rank  them  with  men  or 
apes  ! 

Homo  Fattjus,  Idiot. 


HOMOED'RUS,  from  hi^ov,  'together,'  and 
'eSpa,  'seat.'  Having  the  same  seat.  J/orbi  ho- 
moedri : — diseases  that  have  the  same  seat. 

HOMCEOMORPHOUS,  see  Homology. 

HOMOEOPATH,  Homoeopathist. 

HOMCEOPATH'IC,  Homceopath' icus,  Eomce- 
op'athes.     Relating  to  homceopathy. 

HOMCEOPATHIE,  Homoeopathy. 

HOMCEOP'ATHIST,  Ho'mceopath,  ffomoeo- 
path' iciis,  HomaopatMs' ta,  Homoeopathia' tes.  One 
who  believes  in  homoeopathy. 

HOilCEOP'ATHY,  Bomceopathi'a,  Ars  homce- 
opath'iea,  Homoeop'athy,  Hahn' emannism,  Dt/iia- 
mop'athy,  (F.)  Momveopathie,  Homceotherapeu- 
tique,  Homceos7jmp)athie,  Doctrine  homoeo-organ- 
ique,  from  'opioios,  'like,'  and  na&os,  'afi'ection.' 
A  fanciful  doctrine,  which  maintains,  that  disor- 
dered actions  in  the  human  body  are  to  be  cured 
by  inducing  other  disordered  actions  of  a  like 
kind,  and  this  to  be  accomplished  by  infinitesi- 
mally  small  doses,  often  of  apparently  inert 
agents;  the  deeillionth  part  of  a  grain  of  char- 
coal, for  example,  is  an  authorized  dose.  It  has 
also  been  called  Glob'ulism. 

HOMCEOSIS,  Homoiosis. 

H0M(E0SY3IPATHIE,  Homoeopathy. 

H02I(E0THERAPEUT1QUE,  Homoeo- 
pathy.. 

HOMCEOZ'YGY,  from  'opioios,  'like,' and  ^uj/ou, 
'I  join  together.'  (F.)  Soi-pour-soi.  The  law 
of  association  of  organs,  by  which  like  parts  ad- 
here to  like  parts. — Serres. 

HOMOETHXIA,  Sympathy. 

HOMOGEXESIS,  see  Generation. 

HOMOIOPATHIA,  Sympathy. 

HOMOIO'SIS,  Homceo'sis,  Homio'sis,  from 
'ojioioia,  'I  resemble,'  'I  assimilate.'  An  elabora- 
tion of  the  nutritious  juice,  by  which  it  becomes 
proper  for  assimilation. 

HOMOLIXOX,  see  Apolinosis. 

HOMOLOGOUS,  see  Homology. 

HOM'OLOGUE,  Homol'ogus,  same  etymon  as 
homology.  A  term  applied  to  the  same  organ  in 
different  animals  under  every  variety  of  form  and 
function. — Owen. 

HOMOL'OGY,  from  'ojioin;,  'like,'  and  'Xoyoi, 
'a  description.'  The  doctrine  of  similarity  of 
structure.  Thus,  the  two  sides  of  the  body  are 
said  to  be  'homologous.'  Eomol'ogous,  homo- 
morph'ous,  or  homceomorph'ous  tissues  are  those 
that  resemble  others ;  in  opposition  to  heterol'o- 
gous,  het'eroclite,  or  heteromorph'ous,  which  are 
new  formations.  Homology  seems  now  to  be 
accepted  as  the  designation  of  the  doctrine  or 
study,  the  subject  of  which  is  the  relations  of  the 
parts  of  animal  bodies. — Owen. 

HOMOMORPHOUS,  see  Homology. 

HOMOXOPAGIA,  Cephalalgia. 

HOMOPH'AGUS,  from  'uipoi,  'raw,'  and  ^ayta, 
'I  eat.'     One  who  eats  raw  flesh. 

HOMOPLAS'TY,  Homodpla'sia,  from  'opioiog, 
'like,' and  -nXatjau),  'I  form.'  The  formation  of 
homologous  tissues. 

HOMOPLATA,  Scapula-. 

HOMOT'OXOS,  JEqua'lis,  from  'ojiog,  'equal.' 
and  Tovo;,  'tone.'  That  which  has  the  same  tone. 
A  continued  fever,  whose  symptoms  have  an 
equal  intensity  during  the  whole  course  of  the 
disease,  has  been  so  called.  See  Acmasticos,  and 
Synocha. 

HOXESTY,  Lunaria  rediviva, 

HOXEWORT,  FIELD,  Sison  nmomum. 

HOXEY,  Mel— h.  Balsam  of,  Hill'.s  see  Mel— 
h.  Bloom,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium — h.  of 
Boras,  Mel  boracis  —  h.  Clarified,  Mel  despuma- 
tum — h.  Prepared,  Mel  pra;paratum — h.  of  Roses, 
Mel  rosse — h.  of  Squill,  compound,  Syrupus  sciUae 
compositus. 

HONEYCOMB  BAG,  Reticulum. 


HONEYSUCKLE 


4  65 


HOSPITAL 


HONEYSUCKLE,  Lonicera  periolymenum  — 
h.  Bush,  Diervilla  trifida  —  h.  Scarlet,  Lonicera 
sempervirens  —  h.  Trumpet,  Lonicera  semper- 
■virens. 

HONEY  SUGAR,  Glucose. 

HONGLANE,  Coptis  teeta. 
,   HONOR  CAPITIS,  see  Capillus. 

EONORATRE,  Sostrum. 
I    HONORARIUM,  Sostrum. 

HONTEUX,  Pudic. 

HOODWORT,  Scutellaria  lateriflora. 

HOOK,  Sax.  hoce,  hooc,  Dutch,  hoeek.  Un- 
cus, Unc"inus,  Anc'yra,  (F.)  JEn'gne,  Airirjne  ou 
Erine.  An  instrument,  consisting  of  a  steel  wire, 
flattened  at  the  middle,  and  having  the  extremi- 
ties crooked  and  pointed.  Some  hooks  are  fur- 
nished with  a  handle  at  one  extremity — the  other 
having  one  or  two  hooks; — constituting  the  single 
or  double  hook.  The  hook  is  used  by  anatomists 
and  surgeons  to  lay  hold  of,  and  raise  up,  certain 
parts,  the  dissection  of  which  is  delicate,  or  which 
would  slip  from  the  fingers. 

The  Tenaculum  is  a  variety  of  the  hook. 

Hook,  Blunt,  Ich'thya,  Ich'thye.  Onyx,  Unguis 
ferr'eus.  An  instrument  which  is  passed  over 
the  flexures  of  the  joints  to  assist  in  bringing 
down  the  foetus  in  parturition. 

HOOP  TREE,  Melia  azedarach. 

HOOPER'S  PILLS,  Pilula3  Aloes  et  Myrrhse. 

HOOPING-COUGH,  Pertussis  —  h.  Roche's 
Embrocation  for,  see  Roche. 

EOPITAL,  Hospital  — A.  des  Foits,  Morotro- 
phium. 

HOPLOCHRIS'MA,  from  'on\ov,  'a  weapon,' 
find  ^ptaijia,  'salve.'  Unguen'tum  arma'rium, 
Arm'atory  Unguent.  A  salve  which  was  sup- 
posed to  cure  wounds  by  sympathy, — the  instru- 
ment with  which  the  wound  was  inflicted  being 
anointed  with  it. 

HOPLOMOCH'LION,  'o^XoixoxXiov,  from  'orrXov, 
'a  weapon,'  and  fio)(\oq,  'a  lever.'  The  name  of 
an  iron  machine  or  apparatus,  which  embraced 
the  whole  body  like  armour.  A  figure  of  it  is 
given  by  Fiibricius  ab  Aquapendente. 

HOP,  Humulus  lupulus — h.  Pillow,  see  Humu- 
lus  lupulus — h.  Plant,  Humulus  lupulus. 

HOPS,  see  Humulus  lupulus. 

HOQUET,  Singultus, 

HORA,  Hebe. 

HOR^A,  Menses. 

HORJEOTES,  Maturity. 

HORDEI  MALTUM,  Malt. 

HORDE'OLUM,  diminutive  ot  ITordeum,  'h^- 
ley.'  Orde'olum,  Pos'thia,  Sderophthal' mia,  Cri- 
fJie,  Crithid'ion,  Crythe,  Stye,  Sty  an,  Stine,  (F.) 
Orgelet,  Orgeolet.  A  small,  inflammatory  tu- 
mour, of  the  nature  of  a  boil,  which  exhibits 
itself  near  the  free  edge  of  the  eyelids,  particu- 
larly near  the  inner  angle  of  the  eye. 

HOR'DEUM,  Or'deum,  Crithe.  The  seeds  of 
Hordeum  vulga're  or  Scotch  Barley,  Ord.  Gra- 
mineas,  are  ranked  amongst  the  Cerealia.  (F.) 
Orge.  They  aiford  a  mucilaginous  decoction, 
which  is  employed  as  a  diluent  and  antiphlo- 
gistic. The  seeds  of  the  Hordeum  dis'tichon  seu 
CBSti'vum,  Zeoc'riton  dis'tichum,  and  H.  hexas'- 
tichon  possess  similar  properties.  Barley  is  freed 
from  its  shells  in  mills,  forming  the  Hor'deum 
munda'tum  seu  decortica'tum  seu  e x cor tica' turn, 
Hor'deum  of  the  Pharmacopoeias ;  and,  at  times, 
is  rubbed  into  small,  round  grains,  somewhat 
like  pearls,  when  it  is  called  Hordeum  perla'tum, 
Pearl  Barley,  (F.)  Orge  perle,  and  forms  the 
Hordeum  denuda'tum  seu  ^je)'Za'<!(m,  the  Hordei 
sem'ina  tu'nicis  mida'ta,  of  the  Pharmacopoeias, 
—Hordeum  (Ph.  U.  S.) 

HoEDEDM  Causticum,  Veratrum  sabadilla  —  h. 
Decortieatum,  see  Hordeum — h.  Denudatum,  see 
SO 


Hordeum  —  h.  Excorticatum,  see  Hordeum — h. 
Galacticum,  Oryza — h.  Mundatum,  see  Hordeum 
— h.  Perlatum,  see  Hordeum. 

HOREHOUND,  Marrubium  — h.  Black,  Bal- 
lota  foetida  —  h.  Germander-leaved,  Eupatorium 
teuerifolium  —  h.  Stinking,  Ballota  foetida  — h. 
Water,  Lycopus  sinuatus,  Lyeopus  Virginicus  — 
h.  Wild,  Eupatorium  rotundifolium,  E.  teueri- 
folium. 

HORME,  Instinct. 

HORMINUM,  Salvia  horminum— h.  Colora- 
tum.  Salvia  horminum  —  h.  Sativum,  Salvia  hor- 
minum. 

HORMON,  Enormon. 

HORN.  Cornu. 

HORN  POX,  see  Varicella. 

HORNSEED,  Ergot. 

HORNY,  Corneous. 

Horny  Excres'cences,  Lepido'sis,  Ichthyi'a- 
sis  cornig"era,  Cor'nua  cuta'nea,  (F.)  Comes  de 
la  Peuu.  Certain  excrescences,  which  occasion- 
ally form  on  some  part  of  the  skin,  and  resemble, 
in  shape,  the  horns  of  an  animal. 

Horny  Substance,  see  Tooth. 

HORRENTIA,  Horripilation. 

HOR'RIDA  CUTIS,  Goose-sJcin,  Cutis  anee- 
ri'na,  Dermatospasm'ns,  Spasmus  peripher'icus. 
A  state  of  the  skin  produced  by  cold  or  fear,  and 
accompanying  the  rigor  of  an  intermittent. 

HORRIPILA'TION,  Horripila'tio,  Horror, 
Horren'tia,  Phrice,  Phricas'mus,  Phrici'asis, 
Phri'cia,  from  horrere,  'to  bristle  up,'  and  pilus, 
'hair.'  (F.)  Horri2}ilation,  Frissonnement.  Ge- 
neral chilliness,  preceding  fever,  and  accompanied 
with  bristling  of  the  hairs  over  the  body. 

HORROR,  Horripilation — h.  Ciborum,  Disgust 
for  food. 

HORSE  BALM,  Collinsonia  Canadensis  — h. 
Cane,  Ambrosia  trifida — h.  Chestnut,  iEsculus 
hippocastanum — h.  Crust,  Crusta  genu  equinas. 

HORSEFLY  WEED,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

HORSEPOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 
_  HORSEMINT,  Ambrosia  trifida,  Monarda  coc- 
cinea,  M.  fistulosa,  and  M.  punctata  —  h.  Sweet, 
Cunila  mariana. 

HORSE  NETTLE,  Solanum  Carolinense. 

HORSE  RADISH,  Cochlearia  armoracia. 

HORSE'S  TAIL,  Ilippuris  vulgaris. 

HORSE  WEED,  Ambrosia  trifida,  Collinsonia 
Canadensis,  Erigeron  Canadense. 

HORTULUS  CUPIDINIS,  Vulva. 

HORTUS,  Vulva  — h.  Siccus,  Herbarium. 

HOSE,  Collum,  Throat. 

HOSEFISH,  Sepia. 

HOS'PITAL,  primarily  from  hospes,  hospitis, 
'a  guest.'  Infirm' ary,  (Old  Eng.)  Farm'ery, 
Spit'al,  Nosocomi' um,  Adynatoeomi' um,  Adynato- 
dochi'um,  Xenodoce'um,  Xenodoehe'um,  Infirma'- 
rinm,  Infirmnto'rium,  Nosodochi'vm,  Valetudi- 
na'rium,  (F.)  Hopital.  An  establishment  for  the 
reception  of  the  sick,  in  which  they  are  main- 
tained and  treated  medically.  Hospitals  wero 
first  instituted  about  the  end  of  the  4th  century,- 
a  period  at  which  the  word  vocoko^uov  was  em- 
ployed, for  the  first  time,  by  St.  Jerome.  They 
may  be  general,  receiving  all  cases  ;  or  special, 
I  admitting  only  the  subjects  of  certain  diseases. 
I  Hos'PlTAL  Gangrene,  Phagedae'na  gangrcb- 
!  no'sa,  Putrid  or  Ifalignant  Ulcer,  Gangrcs'na 
Nosoeomio'rum  seu  Nosocomia'lis  seu  Contaqio' sa, 
Sphac"elus  nosocomia'lis,  Hos'pital  Sore,  Putre'- 
do,  (F.)  Pourriture  ou  Gangrene  d'hopital.  Gan- 
grene, occurring  in  wounds  or  ulcers,  in  hospi- 
tals, the  air  of  which  has  been  vitiated  by  the 
accumulation  of  patients,  or  some  other  circum- 
stance. Hospital  gangrene  —  many  different  va- 
rieties of  which  are  met  with,  and  always  accom- 


HOST 


466 


HUMIDUM  NATIVUM 


panied  or  preceded  by  fever  —  commonly  com- 
mences with  suppression  of  the  suppuration  of 
the  wound,  which  becomes  covered  with  a  gray- 
ish and  tenacious    sanies.      The  gangrene  then 
manifests  itself.     It  extends  from  the  centre  of 
the  ulcerated  surface  towards  the  edges ;  these 
become   swollen,  painful,  and  everted;   and  the 
patient  dies  with  all  the  signs  of  typhus.     The  i 
treatment  must  be  varied   according  to  circum-  i 
stances.     Sometimes,  it  requires  the  use  of  sti-  j 
mulating,  acid,  caustic,  and    antiseptic  applica-  j 
tions  ;    with,    occasionally,    the    actual    cautery,  j 
aided  by  the  exhibition  of  tonics,  internally  :  —  \ 
at  others,  the  antiphlogistic  regimen  and  emol-  ! 
lient  applications  may  be  necessary. 

Hospital,  Insane,  Morotrophium — h.  Leper, 
Lndrerie. 

HOST,  Tussis. 
HOSTIARIUS,  Pylorus. 

HOT   SPRINGS,    see  Virginia,    mineral   wa- 
ters of. 

HOUBLON,  Humulus  lupulus. 
HOUGH,  Poples,  Sickly. 
HOUNDS'  TONGUE,  Gynoglossum. 
HOUPPE  NERVEUSE,  see  Papilla—^.,  dn 
2Ieiiton,  Depressor  labii  inferioris.  Levator  labii 
inferioris. 

HOURGLASS  CONTBACTION  OF  THE 
UTERUS,  see  Chaton. 

HOUSELEEK,  Sempervivum  tectorum  —  h. 
Small,  Sedum. 

HOUSEMAID'S  KNEE,  see  Knee,  house- 
maid's. 

HOUSE-PUPIL,  see  House-Surgeon. 
HOUSE-SURGEON,  Bes'ideiit  Surgeon.  Usu- 
ally a  senior  house-pupil  or  graduate,  who  resides 
in  an  hospital,  and  attends  to  every  accident  and 
disease,  in  the  absence  of  the  attending  physician 
or  surgeon.  It  answers,  in  the  British  hospitals, 
to  the  Eleve  interne  or  Interne  of  the  French. 
The  Uleve  externe  or  Externe  is  a  less  advanced 
pupil;  from  whom  Internes  are  chosen.  In  ordi- 
nary schools,  Eleve  externe  means  a  day-scholar; 
whilst  Eleve  interne  means  a  boarder. 

HOUX,  Ilex  aquifolium — h.  ApalacMne,  Ilex 
vomitoria — h.  Petit,  Ruscus. 
HOAVDY,  Midwife. 
HOWDY-WIFE,  Midwife. 
HUACACACHU,  Datura  sanguinea. 
HUACO,  Guaco. 
HUANU.  Guano. 
HUBBON,  Haunch. 

HUCKLEBERRY,  see  Gaylussacia,  and  Vac- 
cinium — h.  Dwarf  Gaylussacia  humosa. 
HUCKLEBONE.  Ischion. 
HUCKSIIOULDERED,  see  Hump. 
HUDSON'S    PRESERVATIVE    FOR    THE 
TEETH  AND  GUMS,  see  Tinctura  Myrrhae. 

HUILE,  Oil  —  li.  d' Absinthe,  Artemisia  absin- 
thium (oil  of) — h.  d' Acajou,  see  Anacardium 
occidentale. 

HUILE  ACOUSTIQUE  {¥.),  O'lenm  acus'ti- 
cum.  Acoustic  Oil.  An  oil  for  deafness,  prepared 
of  olive  oil,  ^\j  ;  garlic,  ox-gall,  and  bai/  leaves, 
each  5J ;  boiled  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  and 
strained. 

HUILE  D'AMANDES,  Oleum  amygdalarum 
— h.  d'Aneth,  see  Anethum  graveolens — h.  Ani- 
male.  Oleum  animale  —  h.  Animate  de  .Di'ppel, 
Oleum  animale  Dippelii  —  Ji.  Animah'see  par  in- 
fusion, Oleum  animalizatum  per  infusionem — h. 
d'Anis,  see  Pimpinella  anisum  —  Ji.  Anthelmin- 
tiquede  Chahert,  Oleum  animale  empyreumaticum 
Chaberti  —  h.  Aroniatique,  Oleum  animalizatum 
per  infusionem  —  h.  d'Aurone,  Artemisia  abrota- 
num  (oil  of)  —  h.  de  Cacao,  Butter  of  Cacao — h. 
de  Cade,  see  Juniperus  oxycedrus — k.  de  Carvi, 
Carum  (oil) — h.  de  Cedrat,  Oleum  cedrinum — h. 


de  petits  Chiens,  Oleum  animalizatum  per  infu- 
sionem— h.  de  Come  de  Cerf,  Oleum  animale  Dip- 
pelii—  h.  d'Epurge,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  h.  de 
Foie  de  Jforue,  Oleum  jecoris  aselli — h.  de  Gabi- 
an,  Petrolatum — /;.  de  Girojle,  see  Eugenia  caryo- 
phyllata — h.  de  Laurier,  Unguentum  laurinum — 
h.  de  Lin,  see  Linum  usitatissimum — h.  de  Lis, 
see  Lilium  candidum — h.  de  Morelle,  see  Solanum 
— h.  de  Morne,  Oleum  jecoris  aselli — h.  de  Noix, 
see  Juglans  cinerea — h.  d'CEillette,  Papaver  (oil) 
— h.  de  Papier,  Pyrothonide — h.  de  Pieds  de  Been/, 
Oleum  bubulum  —  h.  de  Ricin,  see  Ricinus  com- 
munis— h.  de  Suecin,  see  Succinum — h.  de  Tnrtre 
par  dffaiUance,  Liquor  potassfe  subcarbonatis — 
h.  Verte,  Balsam,  green,  of  Metz  —  h.  de  Vin 
douce.  Oleum  ^thereum. 

HUILE S  AN IM ALES,  Olea  animalia— ^.. 
Distillees,  Olea  volatilia  —  li.  Empty renmatiques. 
Olea  empyreumatiea  —  h.  Easentielles,  Olea  vula- 
tilia  —  h.  Etlie.rees,  Olea  volatilia  —  h.  Fixes,  ou 
Grasses,  Olea  fixa — h.  Fugaces,  Olea  fugacia — h. 
Ifedicinahs,  Olea  medicinalia — h.  Pyrogenees, 
Olea  empyreumatiea — h.  Volatiles,  Olea  volatilia. 
HUIT  DE  CHIFFRE.  Figure  of  8.  A  ban- 
dage of  which  the  turns  are  crossed  in  the  form 
of  the  figure  8.  Such  is  the  bandage  used  after 
bleeding  from  the  arm. 

HUITO,  Genipa  oblongifolia. 
HUITRE,  Ostrea. 
HUKEBANE,  Ischion. 
HULCrS,  Ulcer. 
HULGIE-BACKED,  see  Hump. 
HULLUPING,  Vomiting. 
HUM,  VENOUS,  Bruit  de  diable. 
HUMBLE,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 
HUMECTAN'TIA.    From  humeetare,  'to  mois- 
ten.'    A  name  formerly  given   to  drinks,  which 
appeared  to  possess  the  property  of  augmenting 
the  fluidity  of  the  blood. 

HU'MERAL,  Humera'Us.  That  which  belongs 
to,  or  is  connected  with,  the  arm  or  humerus. 

Hd'meral  Ar'tery,  Arte'ria  humera'lis,  see 
Brachial  artery. 

HUMERO-CUBITAL,  Brachialis  anterior  — 
Ti.  Sus-metacarpien,  see  Radialis — h.  Sus-radial, 
Supinator  radii  longus. 

HU'MERUS,  Sca'jnda,  Omo»,  Armus,  (F.) 
Epaide,  Shoulder,  (Prov.)  Spaicd.  The  most  ele- 
vated part  of  the  arm.  The  bones,  which  eon- 
cur  in  forming  it,  are —  the  scapula,  head  of  the 
humerus,  and  the  clavicle,  united  together  by 
strong  ligaments,  and  covered  by  numerous  mus- 
cles. 

Hu'meeus,  Os  hu'meri  seu  bra'chii  sen  adju- 
to'ritiin    seu     brachia'le,    Bra'chium,    Lacer'tun, 
Shouhlerbone,    (Prov.)     Spaut-bone,     Spaw-bone, 
Shullbane,  is  the   cylindrical,  irregular  bone  of 
the  arm ;  the  upper  extremity  of  which  has   a 
hemispherical  head  connected  with  the  scapula  : 
and  two  tuberosities  or  tubercles,  a  greater  and  a 
lesser,  for  the  attachment  of  muscles,  between 
which  is  the  Bicip'ital  groove  or  Fosm.     At  the 
inferior  extremity  may  be  remarked  —  the  innet 
condyle,  the  outer  condyle  ;  the  small  head,  which 
is  articulated  with  the  radius;  the  trochlea  articu- 
lated with  the  ulna,  &c.     The  humerus  is  deve- 
loped by  seven  points  of  ossification:  —  one  for 
the  body;  one  for  the  head;  one  for  the  greater 
tuberosity;  one  for  the  trochlea;  one  for  the  epi- 
trochlea;  one  for  the  epicondyle;  and  another  for 
the  lesser  head. 
Humerus  Summits,  Acromion. 
HU3IEUR   AQUEUSE,  Aqueous  humour  — 
h.  Crystalline,   Crystalline — h.  Hyalo'ide,' CoT'pus 
vitreum — A.  de  ilorgagni,  Morgagni,  humour  of. 
HUMEURS  FROIDES,  Scrofula. 
HU2IIDE  RADICALE,  Humidum  radicale. 
HUMIDUM  NATIVUM,  H.  radicale— h.  Na- 


HUMILIS 


46' 


HYALOID 


tivum  Aiticulorum,  Synovia  —  h.  Primigenium, 
E..  radicale. 

Hu'midum  Radica'le,  llu'midam  2Jrimigen' iuin 
sen  nati'vum  seu  seniina'le,  Rad'ical  Moisture, 
(F.)  Humide  radicale.  Names  formerly  given  to 
the  liquid  which  was  conceived  to  give  flexibility 
and  proper  consistence  to  the  different  organic 
textures. 

HuHiBUM  Sewinale,  H.  radicale. 

HUMILIS,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

HUiMLOIK,  Conium. 

HUMOR,  Humour  —  h.  Albugineous,  Aqueous 
humour — h.  Articularis,  Synovia — h.  Ceruminous, 
Cerumen — h.  Doridis,  Water,  sea — h.  Genitalis, 
Sperm — h.  Glacialis,  Crystalline,  Corpus  vitreum 
—  h.  Hyalinus  seu  Hyaloides,  Corpus  vitreum  — 
h.  Lacteus,  Milk — h.  Lacrymalis,  Tear — h.  Me- 
lancholicus,  see  Mercurialis  —  h.  Mercurialis,  see 
Mercurialis — h.  Morgagnianus,  Morgagni,  humor 
of — h.  Ovatus,  Aqueous  humour — h.  Oviformis, 
Aqueous  humour — h.  Pericardii,  see  Pericardium 
— ^^h.  Puruleutus,  Pus  —  h.  Seminalis,  Sperm — h. 
Venereus,  Sperm — h.  Vitreus,  Corpus  vitreum. 

HU'MORAL,  Humora'liis,  from  humere,  'to 
moisten.'  Proceeding  from,  or  connected  with, 
the  humours. 

HUMORES  INQUILINI,  Recrementitial  Se- 
cretions. 

HU2I0EIQUE,  see  Bruit  humorique. 

HU'MORISM,  Hu'moral  Pathol'ogy,  PatJio- 
log"ia  humera'lis.  A  medical  theory,  founded 
exclusively  on  the  parts  which  the  humours  were 
considered  to  play  in  the  production  of  disease. 
Although  traces  of  this  system  may  be  found  in 
the  most  remote  antiquity,  the  creation,  or,  at  all 
events,  the  arrangement  of  it  may  be  attributed 
to  Galen,  who  enveloped  it  in  metaphysical  sub- 
tleties relating  to  the  union  between  the  elements 
and  the  four  cardinal  humours. 

HU'MORISTS.  The  Galenical  and  other  phy- 
sicians, who  attributed  all  diseases  to  the  de- 
praved state  of  the  humours,  or  to  vicious  juices 
collected  in  the  body. 

HUMOUR,  Humor,  Hygra'sia,  Hygre'don, 
Hygrum.  Every  fluid  substance  of  an  organized 
body;  —  as  the  blood,  chyle,  lymph,  &c.  The 
Humours,  xw/'ot,  Chymi,  Humo'res,  differ  consi- 
derably as  to  number  and  quality  in  the  different 
species  of  organized  beings ;  and  even  in  the 
same  species,  according  to  the  state  of  health  or 
disease.  The  ancients  reduced  them  to  four  ; 
which  they  called  car'dinal  humours: — the  blood, 
phlegm,  yellow  bile,  and  atrabilis  or  black  bile. 
A  modern  classification  of  the  humours  is  given 
under  Fluid. 

HUMP.  Perhaps  from  umbo,  '  the  boss  of  a 
buckler.'  Hunch,  Gibber,  Gibbus,  Gibba,  Tuber, 
(F.)  Bosse.  A  prominence,  formed  by  a  devia- 
tion of  the  bones  of  the  trunk.  Commonly,  it  is 
formed  by  the  spine  or  sternum,  and  is  seated  at 
the  posterior  or  anterior  part  of  the  trunk.  It 
may,  also,  be  produced  .by  deviation  of  the  ribs 
or  pelvis.  The  spine  may  be  curved  in  three 
principal  directions.  1.  Backwards,  the  most 
common  case ;  this  the  ancients  called  Kviptucn;, 
Cypho'sis,  Gibbos'itas.  2.  Forwards,  ^.opSuxn;,  Lor- 
do'sis,  Recurva'tio  ;  and  .3.  Laterally,  ckoXioxji;, 
Scolio'sis,  Obstipa'tio.  Most  curvatures  occur  at 
a  very  early  age,  and  are  caused  by  scrofula, 
rickets,  &c.;  and,  not  unfrequently,  they  are 
accompanied  by  caries  of  the  vertebrae.  See  Ver- 
tebral disease.  One  who  is  affected  with  a  hump, 
or  is  hump'bacJced,  Hnmpty,  Huckshouldered, 
Shrump-shouldered,  (Sc.)  Hulgiebaeked,  Trudge- 
backed,  (Prov.)  Croopbacked,  is  called,  by  the 
French,  bossu. 

HUMPBACKED,  see  Hump. 

HUMPTY,  see  Hump. 

HUMULUS,  Humulus  lupulus. 


Hu'mulus  Lu'pulus,  Lu'pidus,  L.  scandena 
seu  commu'nis  seu  salicta'rius,  Humidus,  (from 
humus,  'the  ground  on  which  it  creeps,')  C'onvol'- 
vulus  peren'nis,  the  Hop-jilant.  Nat.  Ord.  Ur- 
ticacege.  (F.)  Houblmi,  Vigne  dn  nord.  Its  cones 
or  strobiles,  Hu'muli  strob'ili  (Ph.  L.),  Hwmdui 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  have  a  fragrant  odour ;  and  a  bitter, 
aromatic  taste,  depending  on  a  peculiar  principle, 
named  Lu'jjidin,  extractive  and  essential  oil, 
which  may  be  extracted,  equally,  by  water  and 
spirit,  from  the  dried  strobiles.  The  hop  is  em- 
ployed as  a  tonic  and  hypnotic,  and  enters  into 
the  composition  of  ale  and  beer. 

The  Ho2)  pillow,  Pulm'nar  Hu'nndi,  has  long 
been  used  for  producing  sleep. 

HUNCH,  Hump. 

HUNGARICA  FEBRIS,  Fever,  Hungary. 

HUNGER,  Anglo-Saxon,  hunsep.  Fames,  Li- 
mos.  Peine,  Peina,  Esti'ries,  .Jeja'nium,  Jeju'nitas, 
Esurit"io,  Esuri'go,  (F.)  Fairn.  The  necessity 
for  taking  food.  Hunger  is  an  internal  sensation, 
which  some  authors  have  attributed  to  the  fric- 
tion between  the  sides  of  the  stomach  in  its 
empty  state;  others,  to  the  compression  of  the 
nerves,  when  the  organ  is  contracted  ;  others,  to 
the  action  of  the  gastric  juice,  &c,  It  is  dictated 
by  the  wants  of  the  system  :  —  farther  we  know 
not.     See  Appetite. 

HUNGER-CURE,  Limotherapeia. 

HUNGRY,  Famel'icus,  Li'micus,  Limo'des ; 
(Prov.)  Haxc,  (vulg.)  Peckish;  same  etymon. 
Affected  with  hunger. 

HURA  BRASILIEN'SIS,  Assacou,  Assaeh, 
Ussacu.  A  Brazilian  tree,  of  the  Nat.  Ord.  Eu- 
phorbiacese,  which,  in  form  of  the  extract  of  the 
bark,  is  esteemed  a  specific  in  leprosy.  It  is, 
also,  given  in  elephantiasis,  and  as  an  anthel- 
mintic. 

HURDIES,  Nates. 

HURTLEBERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtillus. 

HYA-HYA,  Tabernsemontana  utilis. 

HYACINTH,  WILD,  Scilla  esculenta. 

HYACINTHUS  MUSCARI,  Bulbus  vomi- 
torius. 

HY^NAN'CHB  GLOBO'SA.  An  arborescent 
shrub  of  South  Africa,  Nat.  Ord.  Euphorbiacese, 
the  fruit  of  which,  pounded,  is  used  to  destroy 
hyaenas  and  other  beasts  of  prey,  and  seems  to 
contain  strychnia. 

HYALEUS,  Hyaline. 

H  Y '  A  L I N  E,  Hyali'mis,  Hyale'us,  Vit'reus, 
Vit'reous,  (F.)  Vitreux,  vitre.  Glassy.  Resem- 
bling glass. 

Hyaline  Substance,  Cytoblastema. 

HYALI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  tu'nicm  hyalo'ide'ce, 
Hyaloidi'tis,  Vit'reo-capsidi'tis,  from  hyaloid, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  hyaloid  membrane  of  the  eye. 

'HY'Ali01I>,Hyalo'des.  Hyalo'i'des,  from  'vaXo;, 
'  glass,'  and  ei8os,  '  resemblance.'  Vitriform ;  re- 
sembling glass. 

Hyaloid  Canal,  see  Hyaloid  membrane. 

Hyaloid  Fossa,  Fossa  Hycdoide'a,  is  a  cup- 
like  excavation  in  the  vitreous  humour,  in  which 
the  crystalline  is  imbedded. 

Hy'aloid  Membrane,  Tu'nica  Hyaloide'a  seu 
Vit' rea, Membra' naAraehno'ide'a,\s  the  extremely 
delicate  membrane,  which  forms  the  exterior  co- 
vering of  the  vitreous  humour,  and  transmits 
within  it  prolongations,  which  divide  it  into  cells. 
Fallopius  discovered  this  membrane,  and  gave  it 
the  name  Hyaloid.  On  a  level  with  the  entrance 
of  the  optic  nerve  into  the  eye,  the  hyaloid 
membrane  has  been  described  as  forming,  by  re- 
flection, a  cylindrical  canal,  which  pierces  the 
vitreous  humour  from  behind  to  before,  as  far  as 
the  posterior  part  of  the  crystalline.  See  Canal, 
hyaloid.     At  its  anterior  part  is  a  depression  — 


HYALOIDITIS 


468 


HYDRARGYRI 


Fossa  patella'ris  sen  lenticula'ris  for  the  reception 
of  the  crystalline  lens. 

HYALOIDITIS,  Hyalitis. 

HYALONIXIS,  see  Cataract. 

HYALONYXIS,  see  Cataract. 

HYALOS.  Vitrum. 

HYANCHE,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

HYBOMA,  Gibbositas. 

HYBRID,  Hi'hrida,  Hy'hrida,  (F.)  Hyhride, 
Tom  the  Greek  'vjipig,  'vlipiSog,  'mongrel  or  mun- 
rrel.'  (F.)  Metis,  Midet.  A  being  born  of  two 
different  species, — as  the  mule.  The  term  is  ap- 
,-)lied  to  plants  as  well  as  to  animals.  The  result 
is  termed  Uijhridity.  Hybrid  is  often,  also,  used 
to  designate  words  which  are  formed  from  two 
different  languages — as  uier-itis,  for  inflammation 
of  the  uterus,  in  place  of  metritis. 

HYBRIDITY,  see  Hybrid. 

HYDARTHROSIS,  Hydrarthrus. 

HYDARTHRUS,  Hydrarthrus. 

HYDAS,  Hydor. 

HYDAT'ID,  Hy'datis,  Bulla,  Aqu'ula,  Hy- 
dro'a,  Hydrocys'tis,  Hyrjrocyn'tis,  Tcenia  Jiyda- 
tig"ena,  Ecliinococ' cus  hiinta'ims,  from  'vSuip, 
'viaroi,  'water.'  This  name  was  long  given  to 
every  encysted  tumour  which  contained  an  aqueous 
and  transparent  fluid.  Many  pathologists  sub- 
sequently applied  it  to  vesicles,  softer  than  the 
tissue  of  membranes,  more  or  less  transparent, 
which  are  developed  within  organs,  but  without 
adhering  to  their  tissues.  It  is  by  no  means  clear 
that  these  formations  are  really  entozoa.  They 
have  been  found  in  various  parts  of  the  body  ; 
sometimes  in  the  uterus,  occasioning  signs  nearly 
similar  to  those  of  pregnancy,  but  being  sooner 
or  later  expelled.  The  expulsion  is  generally 
attended  with  more  or  less  hemorrhage.  See 
Acephalocystis. 

Hydatls,  Aqu'ida,  PUyctm'nula,  Verru'ca  Pal- 
2yehra'rum,  Ilil'iiim,  also,  meant  a  small,  transpa- 
rent tumour  of  the  eyelids.— Galen,  C.  Hoifmann. 

HYDATIDES  CERVICIS  UTERI,  Nabothi 
glandulse. 

HYDATIDOCB'LE,  Eydatoce'le,  from  'v&arn, 
'hydatid,'  and  KiyXj?,  'a  tumour.'  Oscheocele 
containing  hydatids;  the  Oscheoee'le  hydatido'sa, 
Hydatidoscheoce'le  of  Sauvages. 

HYDATIDOIDES,  Hydatoid. 

HYDATIDO'MA,  from  'xiSans,  'hydatid.'  A 
tumour  caused  by  hydatids. 

HYDATIDOSCHEOCELE,  Hydatidocele. 

HYDAT'IFORM,  Hydatiform'is.  A  hybrid 
word  from  hydatid  and  forma,  '  form.'  Resem- 
bling an  hydatid. 

HYDATINUS,  Hydatoid. 

HYDATIS  FINNA,  Cysticercus  cellulosjs. 

HYDATIS'MUS,  from  'viuip,  'viaro;,  'water.' 
The  noise  caused  by  the  fluctuation  of  pus  con- 
tained in  an  abscess. — Aurelian,  Foesius. 

HYDATOCELE,  Hydatidocele,  Hydrocele. 

HYDATOCH'OLOS,from  'vSy,  'viaros,' water,' 
and  x°^''>  '  hile.'  Aquo'so-bil'ious.  An  epithet 
given  to  evacuated  matters  when  mixed  with 
water  and  bile. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

HYDATODES,  Aqueous. 

HY'DATOID,  HydatoVdes,  A'queous,  Aquo'- 
sus,  Hyduto'des,  Hydat'inus,  Hydatido'des,  Hy- 
datidoi'des,  from  'vSoip,  'v&arog,  '  water,' and  £ii5of, 
'resemblance.'  Watery.  Resembling  water.  This 
name  has  been  given  to  the  membrane  of  the 
aqueous  humour;  and,  also,  to  the  aqueous  humour 
itself.     Vinnm  hydato'des  ;  wine  and  water. 

HYDATONCtrS,  Anasarca,  (Edema. 

HYDATOPO'SIA,  from  'vSojp,  'vSaro;,  'water,' 
and  TTOiTi;.  'drinking.'     Water-drinking; — hence 

HYDATOP'OTES.     A  water-drinker. 

HYDATOTHERAPEIA,Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDERICUS,  Hydropic. 


HYDERODES,  Hydropic. 

HYDERONCUS,  Anasarca,  (Edema. 

HYDEROS,  Anasarca,  Hydrops. 

HYDOR,  hy'datos,  'v&wp,  'vSarog,  and  Hydas, 
Tiydatos,  'vSa;,  'vSaros,  '  water.'     Hence  : 

HYDRACHNIS,  see  Varicella. 

HYDRADEN,  Conglobate  gland. 

B.YB'RABBlSll'TlSjInflamma'tioglandula'rum 
lymphaticcc' rum,  from  Hydraden,  '  a  lymphatic 
gland,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  a  lymphatic  gland. 

HYDR^'DUS,  from  'v&u>p,  'water,'  and  aiSoia, 
'genital  organs.'     (Edema  of  the  female  organs. 

HYDREMIA,  HydroEemia, 

HYDRAGOGA,  Hydragogues. 

HYDRAGOGIA,  Hydragogues. 

HYDRAGOGICA,  Hydragogues. 

HY'DRAGOGUES,  Hydrago'ga,  Rydrago'gia, 
Hydrago'gica,  Hydrop'ica,  Hydrot'ica,  Aquidu'- 
ca,  from  'i)5up,  '  water,'  and  uyu,  '  I  expel.'  Me- 
dicines believed  to  be  capable  of  expelling  serum 
effused  into  any  part  of  the  body.  These  are 
generally  cathartics  or  diuretics. 

HYDRAGOGUM  BOYLEI,  Argenti  nitras. 

HYDRALLANTE,  False  Waters. 

HYDRAL'LAS,  from  'vSoip,  'water,'  and  aWas, 
'a  sausage,'— see  Allantois.  A  morbid  increase 
in  the  quantity  of  the  fluid  of  the  allantois. 

HYDRALM^,  Waters,  mineral  (saline). 

HYDRAM'NIOS,  from  'v&ojp,  'water,'  and 
'amnios.'  An  excessive  quantity  of  the  liquor 
amnii. 

HYDRAN'GEA  ARBORES'CEJSTS,  H.  vulga'- 
ris,  Sevenhark,  Wild.  Hydran'gea,  Bissum.  Ord. 
Hydrangese.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  flowers 
in  July.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be  tonic,  siala- 
gogucj  cathartic,  diuretic,  and  antilithic.  [?] 

HYDRANGEITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

HYDRANGIA,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

HYDRANGIOGRAPHIA,  Angeiohydrogra- 
pby- 

HYDRANGIOTOMIA,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS,  Hydrarc/yren- 
trip'sis,  from  'vipapyvpos,  'quicksilver,'  and  ava- 
Tpi^lis,  'rubbing  in.'  The  rubbing  in  of  a  prepa- 
ration of  quicksilver: — Hydrargyrotrip' sis. 

HYDRARGYRENTRIPSIS,  Hydrargyrana- 
tripsis. 

HYDRARGYRI  ACETAS,  Hydrargyrus  ace- 
tatus — b.  Bichloridum,  H.  oxymurias — h.  Bicya- 
nidum,  H.  cyanuretum — h.  Biniodidum,  H.  iodi- 
dum  rubrum — h.  Binoxydum,  H.  oxydum  rubrum 
— h.  Bisulphuretum,  H.  sulphuretum  rubrum— ^h. 
Borussias,  H.  cyanuretum — h.  Bromidum,  see 
Bromine  —  h.  Calx  alba,  Hydrargyrum  prascipi- 
tatum  —  h.  Chloridum,  H.  submurias  —  h.  Chlori- 
dum  corrosivum,  H.  Oxymurias  —  h.  Chloridum 
mite,  H.  submurias. 

Hydrar'syri  CYANUEE'TUJr,  H.  Oyan'idum  seu 
Bonis' sias  seu  Bicyan'idiim,  Hydrar'gyrum  Cya- 
nogena'tum  seu  Hydrocyan' icum  seu  Borus'sicum 
seu  Zoot' ictim,  Prussias  Hydrar'gyri,  Cyan'wet 
or  Prussiate  of  ilercury,  (F.)  Cyaiiure  de  Mcr- 
cure.  (Ferri  Ferro-cyanuret.'S,\y;  Uydrarg.  oxid. 
rubr.  5iij,  vel  q.  s. ;  AqncB  destillat.  Oiij.  Put 
the  ferro-cyanuret  and  three  ounces  of  the  oxide 
of  mercury,  previously  powdered  and  thoroughly 
mixed  together,  into  a  glass  vessel,  and  pour  on 
two  pints  of  the  distilled  water.  Boil  the  mix- 
ture, stirring  constantly;  and  if,  at  the  .end  of 
half  an  hour,  the  blue  colour  remains,  add  small 
portions  of  the  oxide  of  mercury,  continuing  the 
ebullition  until  the  mixture  becomes  of  a  yellow- 
ish colour;  then  filter  through  paper.  Wash  the 
residue  in  a  pint  of  the  distilled  water,  and  filter. 
Mix  the  solution  and  evaporate  till  a  pellicle  ap- 
pears, and  set  the  liquor  aside,  that  crystals  may 
form.     To  purify  the   crystals,  subject  it  to  re- 


HYDRARGYRI 


469 


HYDRARGYRI 


solution,  evaporation,  and  crystallization. —  Pli. 
U.  S.)  This  preparation  has  been  strongly  re- 
commended as  a  powerful  antisyphilitic,  and  is 
admitted  into  the  Parisian  codex.  Twelve  to 
twenty-four  grains  may  be  dissolved  in  a  quart 
of  distilled  water,  and  three  or  four  spoonfuls  of 
the  solution  be  taken  daily  in  a  glass  of  any  ap- 
propriate liquid. 

'  Hydrargtei  Deuto-iodidum,  H.  lodidum  ru- 
brum — h.  Deuto-ioduretum,  see  Iodine — h.  Deu- 
tonitras,  see  H.  nitras  —  h.  Dipernitras,  see  H. 
nitras  —  h.  Hyperoxodes,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum. 

Hydrargyri  loD'iDUjr,  H.  Profoiod'idum  seu 
Proto-iodure'tiim  seu  Subiod'idum,  Hydrar'gy- 
rum  loda'tum  fiavum  seu  lodidula'tum,  lod'idum 
seu  lodure'tum  hydrar gyro' sum,  Protdiodure'tum 
mercu'rti,  I'odide  or  Proti'odide  of  Mercury,  (F.) 
P rotoiodure  ou  Protiodure  de  Mereiire,  [Hydrarg. 
.§j,  lodin,  ^v.  Alcohol  q.  s.  Rub  the  mercury 
and  iodine  together,  adding  sufficient  alcohol  to 
form  a  soft  paste,  and  continue  the  trituration  till 
the  globules  disappear.  Dry  the  iodide  in  the 
dark,  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  keep  it  in  a  well- 
stopped  bottle,  the  light  excluded.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  one  grain,  gradually  raised  to  three  or 
four. 

Hydrargyri  Iodidum  Chloridi,  Mercury, 
iodide  of  chloride  «f. 

Hydrargyri  Iodidum  Rubrusi,  ff.  Biniod'- 
idtim  seu  Deuto-iod' idum  seu  Deuto-iodure'tum 
seu  Period'idum,  Hydrarg' yrum  ioda'tuiil  ruhrum 
seu  Biioda'tum  seu  Perioda'tum,  lode'tum  seu 
lod'idum  Hydrargyr'icum,  Deuto-iodure'tum  mer- 
cu'rii,  Red  I'odide,  Bini'odide,  Deuti'odide  and 
Peri'odide  of  Mercury,  (F.)  Deutiodure  ou  Bi- 
■i'ddure  ou  Periodure  de  Mercure.  {Hydrarg. 
corros.  ehlorid.  ^j,  Potassii  lodid.  ^x.  AqucB 
deitillat.  Oij.  Dissolve  the  chloride  in  a  pint  and 
a  half,  and  the  iodide  of  potassium  in  half  a  pint 
of  distilled  water,  and  mix  the  solutions.  Col- 
lect the  precipitate  on  a  filter,  and,  having  washed 
it  with  distilled  water,  dry  it  with  a  moderate 
heat,  and  keep  it  in  a  well-stopped  bottle.  —  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Dose,  one-sixteenth  to  one-fourth  of  a 
grain. 

Hydrargyri  Murias  basi  Oxydi  imperfecti, 
H.  oxymurias — h.  Murias  corrosivum,  H.  oxymu- 
rias — h.  Murias  dulcis  sublimatus,  H.  submurias 
— h.  Oxygenatus,  H.  Oxymurias — h.  Murias  spi- 
rituosus  liquidus.  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis 
— h.  Murias  suboxygenatus  prascipitatione  para- 
tus.  Hydrargyrum  precipitatum. 

Hydrargyri  Nitras,  Nitras  Hydrar' gyri  in 
cry  stall' OS  concre'tus,  Hydrargyrum  nit'ricH7n,3Ier- 
curius  nitro'stis  fri'gore23ara' tus,  Nitras  Jiydrargy- 
ro'sus,  Az'otas  hydrargyro'sus.  Nitrate  of  Mer- 
cury, (F.)  Azotate  de  mercure,  Proto'dzotate  de  mer- 
cure, Nitrate  mercureux.  It  is  employed  in  syphi- 
lis ;  and,  extei-nally,  in  fungous,  obstinate  ulcers. 

It  is  used  in  the  formation  of  the  Soluble  Mer- 
cury of  Hahnemann. 

An  acid  nitrate  of  mercury,  Hydrar' gyri  deuto- 
nitrns  seu  dipernitras  seu  supernitras,  Mercu'rius 
lu'tro'sus  cal'ide  para'tus,  Nitras  Jiydrargyr'icus, 
Az'otas  Jiydrargyr'icus  liq'uidus.  Liquor  Hydrar'- 
gyrisupernifra'tis,Hydrargyripernitra'tis  Liquor, 
(Ph.  D.)  Solution  of  supei-nitrate  of  mercury,  So- 
lution of  supernitrate  of  deutoxide  of  mercury,  (F.) 
JDeutoazoiaie  aeide  liquide  de  mercure,  Nitrate 
acide  de  mercure,  made  by  dissolving  four  parts 
of  mercury  in  eight  of  nitric  acid,  and  evaporating 
the  solution  to  nine  parts,  has  been  used  as  a 
caustic  in  malignant  ulcerations  and  cancerous 
affections. 

Wctrd'a  White  Drops, — a  once  celebrated  anti- 
scorbutic nostrum, — were  prepared  by  dissolving 
mercury  in  nitric  acid,  and  adding  a  solution  of 
carbonate  of  ammonia;  or,  frequently,  they  con- 


sisted of  a  solution  of  sublimate  with  carbonate  of 
ammonia. 

Hydrargyri  I>riT'Rico-ox'YDUM,  Hydrar' gyri 
oxydum  rubruni  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Hydrargyrua  nitra'- 
tus  ruber,  Mercu'rius  corrosi'vus  ruber  s&n  pj^aci- 
pita'tus  corrosi'vus  seu  proBcipiita'tus  ruber  seu 
coralli'nus,  Arca'num  coraUi'num,  Pul'vis  pirin'- 
cipis,  Prcecipita' tus  ruber,  Ox'ydum  hydrar'gyri 
comple'tum  seu  hydrargyr'icum,  Panace'a  mercu'- 
rii  rubra,  Pulvis  Joan'nis  de  Vigo,  Oxo'des  hy- 
drargyri rubruni,  Hyperoxo'des  hydrargyri,  Ox'y- 
dum hydrar'gyri  nit'ricum  seu  hydrargyri  rubrurn 
per  ac"idum  nit'ricum.  Nitric  oxide  of  mercury. 
Red  p>recip'itate,  (F.)  Oxide  nitrique  de  mercure, 
PrScipite  rouge  ouper  se,  Mercure corallin.  Nitrate 
de  mercure  rouge.  {Hydrarg.  ^^xxxvj;  Acid, 
nitric,  f^xviij;  Aqua  Oij.  Dissolve  the  mer- 
cury with  a  gentle  heat,  in  the  acid  and  water 
previously  mixed,  and  evaporate  to  dryness.  Rub 
into  powder,  and  heat  in  a  very  shallow  vessel 
till  red  vapours  cease  to  rise. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
a  stimulant  and  escharotic,  and  used  as  such  in 
foul  ulcers,  being  sprinkled  on  the  part  in.  fine 
powder,  or  united  with  lard  into  an  ointment. 

Hydrargyri  Oxodes  Rubrum,  Hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydum — h.  Oxydi  murias  ammoniacalis. 
Hydrargyrum  preecipitatum  —  h.  Oxydulum  ni- 
grum, H.  Oxydum  einereum. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Cine'reum,  JEthiops 
per  se,  Mercu'rius  niger  Mosca'ti  sen  pracipita'- 
tus  niger,  Oxydum  hydrar'gyri  nigrum  seu  hy- 
drargyro'sum  seu  hydrargyr'icum  prcBcipita'tv*/, 
Oxyd'idum  hydrar' gyri  nigrum, Pulvismercuria' lis 
cine'reus,  Mercxirius  cine'reus,  l\irp)e'thum  nigrum. 
Gray  or  Black  oxide  of  Mercury,  (F.)  Oxide  de 
mercure  cendre.  Oxide  gris  ou  noir  de  mercure, 
Protoxide  de  mercure.  This  oxide  is  made  in 
various  ways.  It  may  be  formed  by  boiling  sub- 
muriate  of  mercury  in  lime  water.  The  dose  of 
this  Pulvia  Hydrargyri  einereus  is  from  two  to 
ten  grains.  There  are  four  other  preparations  of 
it  in  estimation,  viz  : — Plench's  solution,  made  by 
rubbing  mercury  with  mucilage.  2.  By  rubbing 
equal  parts  of  sugar  and  mercury  together.  3. 
A  compound  of  honey  or  liquorice  and  purified 
mercury.  4.  The  blue  pill,  and  ointment.  All 
these  possess  the  usual  properties  of  mercury- 

The  Hydrargyri  Oxidum  Nigrum  of  the  Ph.  IT. 
S.  is  made  as  follows: — Hydrarg.  Chlorid.  mit., 
PotaascB,  aa  ^iv,  Aquw  Oj.  Dissolve  the  potassa 
in  the  water,  allow  the  dregs  to  subside,  and  pour 
off  the  clear  solution.  To  this  add  the  chloride, 
and  stir  constantly  till  the  black  oxide  is  formed. 
Pour  off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  black 
oxide  with  distilled  water,  and  dry  with  a  gentle 
heit.     Dose,  one  or  two  grains. 

The  Mercurius  solu'bilis  of  Hahnemann  is 
formed  from  a  black  oxide  of  mercury.  It  is  the 
Mercurius  solu'bilis  Hahneinan'ni,  Oxydum  hy- 
drargyri nigri  median'te  animo'nid  ex  protoni- 
tra'te  hydrar'gyri  p>r(F.ci2}itn'tum,  Az'otas  hydrar- 
gyro'so-ammo'nicus,  (F. )  Azotate  de  mercure  et 
d'ammoniaque,  Oxyde  gris  ou  noir  de  31ercure, 
Precipite  noir,  Turbith  noir,  which  has  been  es- 
teemed, in  Germany  and  France,  as  an  antisyphi- 
litic. Dose  gr.  l-5th  to  gr.  i.  It  is  used  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  Hydi-argyri  oxydum  einereum. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Nigrum,  H.  oxydum 
einereum  —  h.  Oxydum  nigrum  mediante  ammo- 
nia et  protonitrate  hydrargyri  prsecipitatura,  see 
H.  oxydum  einereum — h.  Oxydum  nitricum,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxydum. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Rubrum,  H.  Binox'y- 
dum,  Mercurius  calcina'tus,  Hydrar'gyrns  calct- 
natua,  (F.)  Oxide  de  3Iercure  rouge.  Red  oxide 
of  mer'cury.  (Made  by  precipitation  from  a  so- 
lution of  bichloride  of  mercury  by  solution  of 
potassa.)     See  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

It  is  stimulant  and  escharotic;  and,  in  large 


HYDRARGYRI 


470 


HYDRARGYRUM 


doses,  emetic.  Owing  to  the  violence  of  its  ope- 
ration, it  is  seldom  given  internally. 

Hydrargyri  Oxyduji  Rubkum  Per  Acidum 
NiTRicuM,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — h.  Oxy- 
dum  saceharatum,  Hydrargyrum  saccharatum  — 
)i.  Oxydum  sulphuricum,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus. 

Hydrargyri  Osymu'rias,  H.  Chlo'ridum  Gor- 
rosi'vitm  (Ph.  U.  S.),  seu  Bichlo'ridum  seu  Per- 
mii'rias,  Hydrargyrus  nmria'tus,  Blu'i-iaa  hydrar- 
gyri corrosi'vus  seu  oxycjena'tua  seu  hydrargyri 
basi  oxydi  imperfec'ti  seu  hydrargyri  corrosivum, 
Suhlinia'tua  corrosivus,  Sublima'tum  corrosivum, 
Jferenrias  corrosivus  seu  corrosivus  sublima'tas, 
Sttpermu'rias  hydrargyri,  (F.)  Deutochlorure  ou 
Bichloride  de  mercure,  Muriate  oxygene  de  mer- 
cure,  Sublime  cor roaif ;  Bichlo' ride  or  Oxymuriate 
or  Corrosive  muriate  of  mercury,  Corrosive  subli- 
nuite.  [Hydrarg.  ft)ij.  Acid.  Sulphur.  K>iij, 
Sodii  Chlorid.  ftiss.  Boil  the  mercury  with  the 
sulphuric  acid  until  the  sulphate  of  mercury  is 
left  dry.  Rub  this,  when  cold,  with  the  chloride 
of  sodium,  in  an  earthenware  mortar  ;  then  sub- 
lime, with  a  gradually  increasing  heat. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  used  as  an  antisj'philitic  eutrophic  in  vene- 
real complaints,  old  cutaneous  affections,  &o. 
Gr.  iij  to  Oj  of  water  is  a  good  gargle  in  venereal 
sore-throats,  or  an  injection  in  gonorrhoea.  Ex- 
ternally, it  is  applied  in  cases  of  tetter,  and  to 
destroy  fungus,  or  stimulate  old  ulcers.  Dose, 
gr.  1-16  to  gr.  1-8,  in  pill,  once  in  twenty-four 
hours.  White  of  egg  is  the  best  antidote  to  it, 
when  taken  in  an  overdose. 

The  Yellow  Wash,  Aqua  phagedce' nica,  Lo'tio 
Hydrar'gyriflava,  Phageden'io  Wash,  is  made  by 
adding  corrosive  sublimate  to  lime-water,  usually 
in  the  proportion  of  fifteen  grains  to  half  a  pint. 
It  is  a  common  application  to  syphilitic  sores. 

Hydrargyri  Periodidum,  H.  lodidum  rubrum 
— h.  Permurias,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias — h.  Pro- 
to-iodidum,  H.  lodidum — h.  Proto-ioduretum,  H. 
lodidum — h.  Proto-tartras,  H.  tartras  —  h.  Prus- 
sias,  H.  cyanuretum — h.  Saccharum  vermifugum, 
Hydrargyrum  saceharatum  —  h.  Subchloridum, 
H.  Submurias — h.  Subiodidum,  H.  lodidum. 

Hydrargyri  Submu'rias,  H.  Chlor'idum  seu 
Subchlor'idum  seu  Chlor'idum  mite  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Calom'elas,  Galomel'anos  Torque'ti,  Ctilom'eli, 
Hydrar' gyriim.  muriat'icum  mite,  Draco  mitiga'tus, 
Submu'rias  hydrargyri  mitis,  Shbmu'rias  Hydrar- 
gyri sublima'tum,  Mercu'rius  dulcis  seu  dulcis  su- 
blima'tua;  —  when  precipitated,  M.  dulcis  jireci- 
pita'tus,  M.  sid)lima'tus  dulcis,  M.  Zo'ticus  Hart- 
man'ni, — Panace'a  Mercuria'lis  (when  nine  times 
sublimed),  Murias  hydrargyri  dulcis  subli- 
ma'tus,  Aq'uila,  3Ianna  Metallo'rum,  Panchy- 
mcigo'gum  minera'le,  P.  Querceta'nus,  mild  Chlo- 
ride, protochloride,  submuriate,  subchloride,  or 
raild  Muriate  of  Mercury,  Cal'omel,  (F.)  Mercure 
doHX,  Protochlorure  de  mercure.  Mild  chloride 
of  mercury  is  thus  directed  to  be  prepared  in  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  :  —  Mercury, 
ftiv;  Sulphuric  Acid,  liiny,  Chloride  of  Sodium, 
ftiss;  Zli'sJ/Z^ed  wa<er,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Boil 
two  pounds  of  the  mercury  with  the  sulphuric 
acid,  until  the  sulphate  of  mercury  is  left  dry. 
Rub  this,  when  cold,  with  the  remainder  of  the 
mercury,  in  an  earthenware  mortar,  until  they 
are  thoroughly  mixed.  Then  add  the  chloride 
of  sodium,  and  rub  it  with  the  other  ingredients 
till  all  the  globules  disappear:  afterwards  su- 
blime. Reduce  the  sublimed  matter  to  a  very 
fine  powder,  and  wash  it  frequently  with  boiling 
distilled  water,  till  the  washings  afford  no  precipi- 
tate upon  the  addition  of  liquid  ammonia;  then 
dry  it.  Properties.  Antisyphilitio  and  siala- 
gogue  :  in  large  doses,  purgative.  Dose :  one  or 
two  grains  given  at  night  gradually  excite  ptya- 
lism.  Gr.  v  to  xx,  purge.  Children  bear  larger 
doses  than  adults. 


The  Black  Wash,  Lo'tio  Hydrar'gyri  nigra, 
is  formed  of  calomel,  ^\y,  Lime-water,  Oj.  Used 
for  syphilitic  sores. 

Hydrargyri  Submurias  Ammoniatum,  Hy- 
drargyrum prsecipitatum  —  h.  Subsulphas  flavus, 
Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  —  h.  Subsulphas  peroxi- 
dati,  Ilydragyrus  vitriolatus  —  h.  Sulphas,  Hy- 
drargyrus vitriolatus,  Hydrargyri  sulphas  flavus. 

Hydrargyri  Sulphure'tum  Nigrum,  H.  sul- 
phure'tum  cum  sul'phure,  Hydrargyrus  seu  Mer- 
curius  cum  sid'phttre,  H.  e  sid'phure,  ^thiops 
minera'lis,  Pulvis  hypnot'icus,  jEthiops  narcot'- 
icus,  Calom'elas,  (F.)  Sulfure  de  mercure  noir, 
Black  sulphuret  of  merciiry,  Suiphuret  of  mercury 
loith  sulphur,  Ethiopa  mineral.  {Hydrarg .,  Sul- 
phur, aa  Ibj.  Rub  together  till  the  globules  dis- 
appear. Ph.  U.  S.).  Used  chiefly  in  scrofvdous 
and  cutaneous  affections.     Dose,  gr.  s  to  ^ss. 

Hydrargyri  Sulphure'tum  Rubrum,  H.  Bi- 
snlphure'tu?n,  Hydrargyrus  sulpihura'tus  ruber, 
Min'ium  purum  seu  GrcBCo'rum,  Magnes  epilep'- 
sicB,  Ammion,  Purpuria' aum,  Mercurius  Cinna- 
hari'nus,  Cinnab'aria,  Cinab'aris,  Cinaba'rium, 
Biaulphuret  or  Bed  Sulphuret  of  Mercury,  Cin'- 
nabar,  Cin'oper,  Vermil'ion,  (F.)  Sulfure  de 
Mercure  rouge,  Cinabre,  Cinnabre.  {Hydrarg. 
5x1 ;  Sidphur,  ^^iij-  ^'^  the  mercury  with  the 
sulphur  melted  over  the  fire ;  and  as  soon  as  the 
mass  begins  to  swell  remove  the  vessel  from  the 
fire,  and  cover  it  with  considerable  force  to  pre- 
vent combustion.  Rub  the  mass  into  powder  and 
sublime.     (Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  an  antisyphilitic,  but  is  chiefly  used  ia 
fumigation  against  venereal  ulcers  of  the  nose, 
mouth,  and  throat  ,• — ,^ss  being  thrown  on  a  red- 
hot  iron.  This  preparation  is  the  basis  of  a  nos- 
trum, called  Boerhaave'a  Bed  Pill. 

Hydrargyri  Supermtjrias,  tl.  oxymurias — h. 
Supernitras,  see  Hydrargyri  nitras. 

Hydrargy'RI  Tartras,  H.  Proto-tartras,  Tar- 
trate of  Mercury.  Antisyphilitic.  Dose,  one  or 
two  grains  twice  a  day. 

Hydrargyri  et  Arsenici  Iodidum,  Arsenic 
and  Mercury,  iodide  of. 

Hydrar'gyri  et  Qui'ni^  Proto-chlo'ridum, 
Protochloride  of  Mercury  and  Quiuia.  A  com- 
bination of  mild  chloride  of  mercury  and  quinia, 
administered  in  obstinate  cutaneous  diseases. 

HYDRARGYRIA,  Eczema  mercuriale. 

HYDRARGYRI'ASIS,  Hydrargyro'sia,  from 
'vSpapyvpos,  'mercury.'  A  disease  induced  by  the 
use  of  mercury;  Morbua  Mercuria'lis,  (F.)  Mcda- 
die  3Iereurielle.  Poisoning  by  mercury.  Eczema 
mercuriale.  Also,  the  phenomena  produced  by 
mercury  on  the  organism,  Mercu'rialism,  Mcr' 
curiaiistn'ua. 

HYDRARGYRICUM,  Mercurial. 

HYDRARGYRIUM,  Mercurial. 

HYDRARGYROSIS,  Eczema  niercuriale,  Hy- 
drargyriasis. 

HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS,  see  Saliva- 
tion, mercurial,  and  Stomatitis,  mercurial. 

HYDRAR  GYROTRIPSIS,  Hydrargyra- 
natripsis. 

HYDRAR'GYRUM,  Hydrar'gyrus,  from  'viwp, 
'water,'  and  apyvpo;,  'silver;'  Mercu'rius,  Argen- 
tum  vivum  seu  mo'bile  seu  fusum  seu  fugiti'vum 
seu  liq'uiduni,  Missadan,  Fmnus  albua,  Lorua, 
Area  arcano'rnm,  Ba'dalus,  Mater  metallo'rum. 
Mercury,  Quick' silver,  formerly  Argent-vive,  (F.) 
Mercure,  3L  cru,  Vif  Argent.  A  fluid,  brilliant 
metal;  of  a  slightly  bluish  white  colour;  fluid 
above  —  39°  of  Fahr.  and  under  656°.  S.  g., 
when  liquid,  13.568  (Cavendish);  easily  oxydized. 
Metallic  quicksilver  does  not  act  on  the  body, 
even  when  taken  into  the  stomach.  When  oxy- 
dized, and  combined  with  acids,  it  acts  powerfully. 
It  has  been  exhibited  in  cases  of  constriction  of 
the  bowels  and  in  intussusception,  from  a  notion 


HYDRARGYRUS 


471 


HYDREL.EON 


that  it  must  certainly  pass  through  the  bowels  by 
its  gravity.  The  water,  in  which  mercury  has 
beeu  boiled,  has  been  recommended  as  a  vermi- 
fuge ;  but  it  probably  enjoys  no  such  property,  as 
chemical  tests  do  not  exhibit  the  presence  of  the 
metal.  When  the  crude  metal  is  distilled  in  an 
iron  retort,  it  forms-  the  Bydrar'yyrum  puri- 
ficn'tum. 

Hydrargyrum  Ammoxiato-Miiriaticum,  H. 
prsecipitatum — h.  Ammoniatum,  H.  prtscipitatum 
—  b.  Biiodatum,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubrum — h. 
Biiodatum  cum  kalio  iodato,  Potassii  hydrargyro- 
iodidum — h.  Borussicura,  Hydrargyri  oyanuretum 
— h.  Cyanogenatum,  Hydrargyri  cj-anuretum. 

Hydrargfyrdm  cuji  Creta  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Ny- 
drar'yyrus  cum  cretd,  Mercurius  alkalisa'tiis,  Mer- 
cury leith  chalk,  ^'thiops  cdcalisa'tus,  Gray 
powder,  (F.)  3/ercure  avec  la  craie.  {Hydrurg. 
^:^iij  ;  CVeitE  2^'<B;7crcaf.  ^v.  Rub  them  together 
till  the  globules  disappear.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  pro- 
toxide of  mercury,  formed  by  trituration  vpith 
carbonate  of  lime.  It  is  somewhat  uncertain.; 
and  consequently  not  much  employed  as  a  mer- 
curial. It  possesses  the  properties  of  the  black 
oxide  of  mercury,  and  may  be  advantageously  ex- 
hibited in  cases  of  diarrhoea  in  children,  depend- 
ent upon  acidity  and  vitiated  secretions.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  ^ss,  twice  a  day,  in  any  viscid  substance. 

Hydrargyrum  cum  Magne'sia  of  the  Dublin 
Pharmacopoeia  resembles  it  in  properties. 

Hydrargyrum  Hydrocyanicum,  Hydrargyri 
cyanuretum — h.  lodatum,  Hydrargyri  iodidum — 
b.  lodatum  cum  chlorido  Mercurii,  Mercurj',  io- 
dide of  chloride  of — h.  lodatum  flavura,  Hydrar- 
gyri iodidum — h.  lodatum  rubrum,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  rubrum  —  h.  lodidulatum,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum — h.  Muriaticum  Mite,  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias — h.  Nitricum,  Hydrargyri  nitras — -h.  Pe- 
riodatum,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubrum. 

Hydrargyrum  Pr^cipita'tum,  H.  ammonia' - 
turn  (Ph.  U.  S.),  H.  ammonia' to-muriat' icum,  Hy- 
drar'gyri  ammo'nio-chlo'ridum,  Mercurius  cos- 
met'icus,  Mu'rias  oxidi  hydrargyri  ammoniaca'lis, 
M.  hydrar'gyri  sub -oxy genu' tus  2}rcBcipitatio')ie- 
j)ara'tus,  Submu'rias  ammoni'aco-hydrargyr'i- 
cris,  S.  Hydrargyri  ammoniatum  seu  PrcBci- 
2>itu'tum,  Calx  Hydrargyri  alba,  PreBcipita' tuin 
album.  Ammo' nio-chloride  of  Mercury,  White 
precip'itate  of  Mercury,  White  2}>'eci23itute,  C'al- 
cina'tum  majus  Pote'rii,  (F.)  Sousmuriate  de  mer- 
cure  prici^nte  ou  Precipite  blanc.  {Hydrarg. 
chlorid.  corros.  ^vj  ;  aquce  destillat.  cong.,  Liquor 
a.mmonicB,  f^^viij.  Dissolve  the  chloride  in  the 
■water,  with  the  aid  of  heat,  and  to  the  solution, 
when  cold,  add  the  solution  of  ammonia,  fre- 
quently stirring.  Wash  the  precipitate  till  it  is 
tasteless,  and  dry  it. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

A  peroxide,  combined  with  muriatic  acid  and 
ammonia,  forming  a  triple  salt.  It  is  used  in 
powder,  to  destroy  vermin ;  and,  united  with 
lard,  for  the  same  purpose,  as  well  as  in  scabies 
and  some  other  cutaneous  affections. 

Hydrargyrum  Sacchara'tom,  JS'thioj^s  sac- 
chara'tua,  Mercu'riua  aacchara'tus,  Ox'idum  hy- 
drargyri sacchara'tum,  Sac'charum  hydrargyri 
vermif'ugum.  A  mild  mercurial  formula  in  seve- 
ral of  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  continental  Europe; 
formed  by  triturating  one  part  of  mercury  with 
two  of  white  augar.  It  is  used  in  the  venereal 
affections  of  children. 

Hydrargyrum  Zooticum,  Hydrargyri  cyanu- 
retum. 

HYDRARGYRUS,  Hydrargyrum. 

HydrargyruS  Aceta'tus,  Sperma  merou'rii. 
Terra  folia' ta  mercn'rii,  3fercurius  aceta'tus,  Hy- 
drargyri Ace'tas,  Acetas  seu  Proto-ace'taa  Hy- 
drargyri, Ac"etate  of  mercury.  This  was  the 
basis  of  Keyaer'a  pills,  and  was  once  much  cele- 
brated in  the  cure  of  the  venereal  disease.     The 


dose  is  from  three  to  five  grains,  but  it  is  not 
much  used. 

The  formula  for  Keyaer'a  anti-venerecd  pilla 
was  as  follows:  —  Hydrarg.  Acet.^'iY;  Mannae, 
^xxx;  Amyl.  ^ij;  Muc.  G.  Trag.  q.  s.  To  be 
made  into  pills  of  gr.  vj  each.     Dose,  two  pills. 

HYDRARGYRUS  Calcinatus,  Hydrargyri  oxy- 
dum  rubrum  —  h.  cum  Crcta,  Hydrargyrum  cum 
creta  —  h.  Muriatus,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias  —  h. 
Nitratus  ruber,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

Hydrargyrus  Phosphora'tus,  Phoaphuret'ted 
me?-cwy.  This  preparation  has  been  recom- 
mended in  cases  of  inveterate  venereal  ulcers, 
but  is  now  scarcely  used. 

Hydrargyrus  Sulphuretus  Ruber,  Hydrar- 
gj'ri  sulphuretum  rubrum  —  h.  cum  Sulphure, 
Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  nigrum — h.  e  Sulphure, 
Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  nigrum. 

Hydrargy«us  Vitriola'tus,  Turpe'thum  mi- 
nera'le,  Mercurius  emet'icus  flavus  seu  caua'ticus 
famis  seu  lu'teua,  Hydrargyri  svlphaa  seu  aulphaa 
flavus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  jSubsuljihaa  Hydrargyri  favue, 
Oxydum  hydrargyri  aulphu'ricwn,  Suhsul'jyhua 
hydrargyri  peroxida'ti.  Calx  mercu'rii  vitriola'ta, 
Turbith  min'eral,  (F.)  Sous-sulfate  de  mereure  ou 
turbith  mineral.  [Hydrarg.  ^\y;  Acid.  Sulph. 
^vj.  Mix  in  a  glass  vessel,  and  boil  in  a  sand- 
bath  till  a  dry,  white  mass  remains.  Rub  this 
into  powder,  and  throw  it  into  boiling  water. 
Pour  off  the  liquor,  and  wash  the  yellow  preci- 
pitated powder  repeatedly  with  hot  water;  then 
dry  it — Ph.  U.  S.)  Two  grains  of  this  mercurinl 
act  on  the  stomach  violently.  It  is  sometimes 
recommended  as  an  errhine  in  amaurosis. 
HYDRARTHRON,  Hydrarthrus. 
HYDRARTHROS,  Hydrarthrus. 
HYDRARTHROSIS,  Hydrarthrus. 
HYDRAR'THRUS,  Hydarthrus,  H.  eijnovia'- 
lis,  Hydrops  articulo'rum,  Hydrarihron,  Hydrar'- 
thros,  Jlelice'ria,  Sj^ina  vento'aa  of  Rhazes  and 
Avicenna,  Arthri'tia  Hydrar'thros,  Hydarthro'ais, 
Hydrarthro'sis,  Emmyx'ium  articula're.  Tumor 
albita.  White  siuelling ;  from  'viwp,  'water,'  and 
ap&pov,  'a  joint.'  (F.)  Tumexir  blanche,  T.  lym- 
phatique  des  articulations.  The  French  surgeons 
apply  the  term  Hydrarthrua  to  dropsy  of  the  ar- 
ticulations. White  swelling  is  an  extremely  for- 
midable disease.  It  may  attack  any  one  of  the 
joints ;  but  is  most  commonly  met  with  in  the 
knee,  the  haunch,  the  foot,  the  elbow,  and  gene- 
rally occurs  in  scrofulous  children.  It  consists, 
at  times,  in  tumefaction,  and  softening  of  the 
soft  parts  and  ligaments,  which  surround  the 
joints;  at  others,  in  swelling  and  caries  of  the 
articular  extremities  of  bones;  or  both  these 
states  may  exist  at  the  same  time.  Tlie  treat- 
ment consists  in  the  employment  of  counter-irri- 
tants; the  use  of  iodine  internally  and  externally, 
&c.     Also,  Synovia. 

HYDRASTIS  EXPAN'SA,  Great  freshwater 
Tortoise.  On  the  sandy  banks  of  rivers  in  Peru 
this  animal  buries  its  eggs,  from  which  the  Indians 
extract  oil.  Its  flesh  supplies  well-flavoured  food. 
— Tschudi. 

HYDRASTIS,  H.  Canadensis. 
Hydras'tis  Canaden'sis,  Hydrastis,  (perhaps 
from  'viuip,  'water,'  and  ipaw,  '  I  am  active,') 
Warnera  Canaden'sis,  Hydrophyll'um  veritm, 
Cana'dian  Hydrastis,  Yellow  Root,  Orange  Root, 
Yellow  Puccoon,  Ground  Rasp'berry,  Yellow 
Paint,  Golden  Seal,  In'dian  Paint,  Eyebalin. 
Nat.  Ord.  RanunculacetB.  It  is  used  in  Ken- 
tucky as  a  'mouth  water,'  and  as  an  outward  ap- 
plication in  wounds  and  local  inflammations. 

HYDRA'TION,  Hydra'tio,  from  'u^up,  '  water.' 
Impregnation  or  moistening  with  water  ;  as  Hy- 
drate means  impregnated  or  moistened  with 
water. 

HYDRELiE'OiSr,  Hydrolm'um,  from    'vbi^p, 


HYDRELYTRON 


472 


HYDROCEPHALUS 


'watei,'  and  s\aiov,  'oil.'     A   misture  of  water 
and  oii. 

HYDRELYTRON,  see  Hydrocele. 

HYDRBMA,  (Edema. 

HYDRENCEPHALITIS,  Hydrocephalus  in- 

ternus. 

HYDRENCEPHALIUM,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternes. _  __    , 

HYDRENCEPHALOCE'LE,  Hydrocephalo- 
ce'le,  from  'vbwp,  'water,'  tyKe<pa.\(is,  'the  ence- 
phalon,'  and  k^A?;,  'rupture,  protrusion.'  A  rnon- 
strosity  in  which  there  is  a  fissure  of  the  cranium, 
the  integument  of  the  head  being  present,  and 
forming  a  hernial  sac  in  which  the  brain  lies  out- 
side the  skull — the  sac  containing  a  large  quan- 
tity of  serous  fluid.  Also,  Hydrocephalus  chro- 
nicus. 

HYDRENCEPHALON,  see  Hydrocephalus 
chronicus. 

HYDRENCEPH'ALOID,  from  'n^ojp,  'water,' 
tyKt<pa\oi,  'the  brain,'  and  ek^oj,  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  hydrencephalus.  Jlydrenceph'uloid 
disease,  Siyn'i'ioiis  hydroce])h'cdus,  Pseudo-ence- 
phali't'ts.  Disorders  of  the  bowels,  and  exhaus- 
tion in  children,  are  at  times  attended  with  hy- 
drencephaloid  symptoms. 

HYDRENCEPHALUS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus.  _ 

HYDRENTEROCE'LE,  from  'vlmp,  'water,' 
tvTtpov,  '  intestine,'  and  Kri>^ri,  '  a  tumour.'  Intes- 
tinal hernia,  the  sac  of  which  encloses  fluid. 

HYDRENTEROMPHALOCE'LE,  Hydrente- 
rom'phalns,  from  'viop,  'water,'  ti/rtpoi',  'intes- 
tine,' oiiipaXos,  'umbilicus,'  and  /ojAi?,  'rupture.' 
Umbilical  hernia  with  intestine  and  water  in  the 
sac. 

HYDRENTEROMPHALUS,  Hydrenterom- 
phalocele. 

HYDREPIGASTRIUM,  see  Ascites. 
HYDREPIPLOCE'LE,    from    'vSuip,    'water,' 
fTTjirXooi/,  '  omentum,'  and  Kv>^rj,  '  rupture.'     Omen- 
tal hernia,  with  water  in  the  sac. 

HYDREPIPLOM'PHALUS,iyyrfj-e2J)>fcm;9Aa- 
loce'le,  from  'mJup,  '  water,'  svivXoov,  '  omentum,' 
and  on(pa\o!,  'umbilicus.'     Umbilical  hernia,  with 
omentum  and  water  in  the  sac. 
HYDRETRUM,  Ascites. 
HYDRIASIS,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 
HYDRIATER,  see  Hydropathic. 
HYDRIATRIA,  Hydrosudotherapeia, 
HYDRIATRICA  ARS,  Hydrosudotherapeia, 
HYDRIATRICUS,  see  Hydropathic. 
HYDRIATRUS,  see  Hydropathic. 
HYDRIODAS    KALICUS,   see    Potassee  hy- 
driodas. 

HYDRIODIC  ACID,  see  Acid,  hydriodic. 
HYDRO'A,  Hidro'a,  Aqu'ula,  Boa,  Planta 
noetis,  from  'v^wp,  '  water.'  An  affection,  which 
consists  in  an  accumulatioH  of  water  or  serous 
fluid  under  the  epidermis.  Some  have  used  hy- 
dro'a  synonymously  with  sudamina  ;  others  with 
j>emphigus.  In  the  first  case,  it  has  generally, 
howevei',  been  written  hidro'a,  from  'iSpwg, 
'sweat,'  and  in  the  latter  hydro' a.  See  Hydatid. 
H  Y  D  R  0  iE  '  M I  A,  Hydra' mia,  Hamyd'ria  ; 
from  'u^wp,  'water,'  and  ^aip.a,  'blood.'  Anaemia. 
The  state  of  the  blood  in  which  the  watery  con- 
stituents are  in  excess. 

HYDRO AEROPLETJRIE,  Hydropneumo- 
thorax. 

HYDROA'RION,  Hydrooph'oron,  Hydroo- 
pJior'ia,  Hyd/od'rittm,  Hydroova'rium,  Hy'drops 
ova'rii,  Asci'tes  ovarii,  A.  sacca'tus,  (F.)  Hydro- 
pisie  de  I'ovaire,  from  'vcwp,'  water,'  and  wapiov, 
'  ovarium.'  Dropsy  of  the  ovarium. 
HYDROATA,  Sudamina. 
HYDROBLEPH'ARON,  Hy'drops  Pal'pelra, 


BlepTiaroede'ma    aqtio'sum,     CEde'ma    palpehra'- 
riun.     An  oedema  or  watery  swelling  of  the  eye- 
lids ;  from  'viwp,  'water,'  and  ^\t<pa^ov,  '  eyelid.' 
HYDROCACHEXIA,  Leucophlegmatia. 
HYDROCARDIA,  Hydropericardium,  see  Pe- 
ricardium. 

HYDROCATARRHOPHE'SIS,  Hydrocatar. 
rhoph'ia,  from  'viiop,  '  water,'  and  KaTap^ofuv,  'to 
sip  up.'     Absorption  of  water  from  without. 

HYDROCE'LE,  Hydrops  Scroti  seu  testiculo'- 
rum,  Hydroscheoce'le,  Hydatoce'le,  Hydros' cheimi) 
Hydror'cliis,  Hydroscheonie,  (Alibert,)  from  'vSio^, 
'  water,'  and  KriXri,  '  a  tumour.'  A  term  gene- 
rally applied  to  a  collection  of  serous  fluid  in 
the  areolar  texture  of  the  scrotum  or  in  some 
of  the  coverings,  either  of  the  testicle  or  sper- 
matic cord.  To  the  first  of  these  varieties  the 
names  —  External  Hydrocele,  H.  cedemato'des, 
(F.)  H.  par  infiltration  have  been  given  ;  and  to 
the  second,  those  of  Hydroce'le  inter'na,  H.  tu'- 
niecB  vagina'lis  tes'tis,  Hydrel'ytron,  (F.)  H.  par 
^panchement.  When  the  collection  occurs  in  the 
envelope  of  the  testicle,  it  is  called  H.  of  the 
tunica  vaginalis;  and  the  epithet  congenital  is 
added,  when  the  interior  of  the  membrane,  in 
which  it  is  situate,  still  communicates  freely  with 
the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.  When  it  exists  in  the 
spermatic  chord,  it  is  called  encysted,  or  diffused 
Hydrocele  of  the  spermatic  cord,  as  the  case  may 
be.  The  tumour  of  the  distended  scrotum  is  ob- 
long :  greater  below  than  above ;  indolent  and 
semi-transparent.  AVhen  it  becomes  inconve- 
niently large,  the  fluid  may  be  evacuated  by 
puncturing  with  a  trocar,  but,  as  it  collects 
again,  this  operation  can  only  be  considered 
palliative.  The  radical  cure  consists,  usually,  in 
injecting,  through  the  canula  of  the  trocar,  which 
has  been  left  in,  after  puncturing,  some  irritating 
liquid,  as  wine.  This  is  kept  in  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis for  a  few  minutes,  and  then  withdrawn. 
The  coat  inflames ;  adhesion  takes  place,  and  the 
cavity  is  obliterated. 

Hydrocele  of  the  Neck.  A  tumour,  filled 
with  a  watery  fluid,  occupj^ing  some  portion  of 
the  neck. 

Hyueocele  PeritonjEI,  Ascites — h.  Spinalis, 
Hydrorachis. 

HYDROCENO'SIS,  from    'u^wp,  'water,'  and 
Ktviiiaii,  '  evacuation.'     The  evacuation  of  water 
morbidly  accumulated  in  the  body. 
HYDROOEPHALE,  Hydrocephalus. 
HYDROCEPHALE  AIGUE,  Hydrocephalus 
internus. 

HYDROCEPHALITIS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus. 

HYDROCEPHALIUM,  Hydrocephalus. 
K Y  D  R  0  C  E  P  HALOCELE,  Hydrencephalo- 
cele. 

HYDROCEPHALOEOTASIE,  Hydrocepha- 
lus chronicus. 

HYDROCEPH'ALUS,  Hydroceph'alum,  Hy- 
drocra'nia,  Hydrocra'nium,  Hydrocephal'ium, 
Hydrocepih'ale,  Hydrops  Cap'itis  seu  Cer'ehri, 
from  'vSwp,  'water,'  and  Kc<pa\v,  'the  head." 
Water  in  the  head,  Dropsy  of  the  head,  Dropsy 
of  the  hrain.  A  collection  of  water  within  the 
head.     It  may  be  internal  or  external. 

Hydrocephalus  Acutus,  H.  internus  —  h. 
Acutus  senum,  Apoplexy,  serous  —  h.  Adnatus, 
see  H.  chronicus — h.  Congenitus,  see  H.  chronicus 
—  h.  Externus,  H.  chronicus  —  h.  Meningeus,  H. 
internus. 

Hydrocephalus  Chron'icus,  Hydrencephn- 
loce'le,  Hydrops  Cap'itis  seu  arachnoideo!,  Hy- 
drocephalus externus,  (F.)  Hydrocephale,  Hydro- 
cephaloecfasie  of  some,  may  exist  at  birth.  Hy- 
drenceph' alon,  Hydrocephalus  congen'itus  seu 
adna'tus  commonly  commences  at  an  early  period 


HYDEOCHAMAIMELUM 


4  73 


HYDRO-ENTERO 


of  existence,  and  the  accumulation  of  fluid  gradu- 
ally produces  distension  of  the  brain,  and  of  the 
skull,  with  separation  of  the  sutures.  It  com- 
monly proves  fatal  before  puberty. 

Hydrocephalus  Externus,  (Ede'ma  cap'itis, 
Cephalosde' met,  of  some,  is  a  mere  infiltration  into 
the  subcutaneous  cellular  tissue  of  the  cranium. 

Hydrocephalus  Inter'nus,  Hydroceph'alus 
acu'tus  seu  meninqe'iis,  Hydrops  cer'ebri,  Ence- 
plialal'gia  hydrop'ica,  Encephali'tis  exsudato'ria, 
Eneephali'tis  seu  Meningi'tis  Infan'tum  seu  liy- 
drocephal'ica,  llorbus  cerebra'lis  Whyt'tii,  Eii'- 
tero-cephalop'yra  Infan'tum,  Hydrophlogo'  sis 
Ventriculo'rum  cer'ebri,  EncepJialoch'ysis,  Phre- 
nic'ida  Tiydrocephal'iea,  Hydrenceph'alus,  Hy- 
drencejyhali'tis,  Hydrencephal'ium,  Hydrocepha- 
li'tis,  Hydromeningi'tis,  Febris  seu  Apoplex'ia 
Tiydrocephal'iect,  Cants  }iydroceph'  alus,  Water 
Brain  Fever,  Whytfs  Disease,  (F.)  Hydrocephale 
aigue,  Fievre  cerebrate  des  Enfans,  is  generally 
seated,  according  to  modern  observers,  in  the 
meninges  and  surface  of  the  encephalon,  and  is  a 
tuber'eiilar  meningi'tis,  Meningi'tis  tuberculo'sa, 
Encephalostrumo'sis,  Gran'ular  or  SeropJiu'lous 
meningi'tis,  (F.)  Meningite  tuberculeuse  ou  granu- 
leuse,  Ptsdencephalie.  —  Piorry.  It  is  observed 
particularly  in  childhood.  Its  march  is  extremely 
acute  and  often  very  rapid;  admitting,  generally, 
however,  of  division  into  three  stages.  The  symp- 
toms of  the  first  stage  are  those  of  general  febrile 
irritation,  with  head-ache,  intolerance  of  light  and 
sound,  delirium,  &c.  Those  of  the  second,  which 
generally  denote  that  the  inflammation  has  ended 
in  effusion,  are,  great  slowness  of  pulse,  crying  out 
as  if  in  distress,  moaning,  dilated  pupil,  squint- 
ing, <fcc. ;  and  lastly,  in  the  third  stage  —  pro- 
found stupor,  paralysis,  convulsions,  involuntary 
evacuations,  quick  pulse,  and  frequently  death. 
The  disease  is  of  uncertain  duration;  sometimes, 
destroying  in  two  or  three  days;  at  others,  ex- 
tending to  two  or  three  weeks.  The  prognosis 
is  unfavourable.  The  treatment  must  be  active 
during  the  stage  of  excitement,  —  precisely  that 
which  is  necessary  in  phrenitis.  In  the  second 
stage,  the  indication  is ; — to  promote  the  absorp- 
tion of  the  effused  fluid.  This  must  be  done  by 
counter-irritants,  and  mercury,  chiefly.  On  dis- 
section, water  is  generally  found  in  the  ventricles, 
or  at  the  base  of  the  brain;  or  there  are  evidences 
of  previous  vascular  excitement,  as  effusions  of 
coagulable  lymph,  &c. 

Hydeocephalus  Spurius,  Hydrencephaloid, 
(disease.) 

HYDEOCHAMAIMELUM,  Infusum  anthemi- 
dis_^ 

HYDROCHEZIA,  Diarrhoea  serosa. 

HYDROCHLORATE  D'OR,  see  Gold. 

HYDROCHLORINAS  NATRICUS,  Soda, 
muriate  of. 

HYDROGHOLECYSTIS,  Turgescentia  vesi- 
culsB  fellese. 

HYDROCH'YSES,(G.)Hydrochy sen.  from 
'u5a)p,  'water,'  and  xvai;,  'effusion.'  A  family  of 
diseases,  according  to  the  classification  of  Fuchs, 
in  which  there  is  a  sudden  effusion  of  serous  fluid, 
as  in  serous  apoplexy,  hydrocephalus,  <fcc. 

HYDROCIRSOCE'lI,  Hygrocirsoce'le,  Hy- 
groce'le,  from  'vSoip,  'water,'  Ktpaog,  'varix,'  and 
Krj^n,  'tumour.'  A  tumour,  formed  by  the  vari- 
cose distension  of  the  veins  of  the  spermatic  cord, 
and  by  the  accumulation  of  serous  fluid  in  the 
areolar  texture  of  the  scrotum. 

HYDROCCELTA,  Ascites. 

HYDROCONIUM,  Bath,  shower. 

HYDROCOT'YLE  ASIAT'ICA,Cor%a»),Pe.5. 
cqui'nus,  Asint'ic  Pen'nywort.  Order,  Umbelli- 
feroe.     A   plant   of  India,  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 


and  Jamaica,  where  it  is  supposed  to  be  possessed 
of  astringent  and  diuretic  properties.  The  leaves 
are  applied  to  bruised  parts  to  prevent  inflamma- 
tion. The  Hydrocotyle  has  recently  been  ex- 
tolled, in  India,  as  a  remedy  for  lepra. 

Hydrocot'yle  Centel'la.  A  South  African 
plant,  the  roots  and  stalks  of  which  are  astrin- 
gent; and  used  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 

Hydrocotyle  Umbellatum,  Acaricoba. 

HYDROCRANIA,  Hydrocephalus. 

HYDROCRANIUM,  Hydrocephalus. 

HYDROCRITHE,  Decoctum  Hordei. 

HYDROCYAN'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Eydrocy- 
an'icum;  from  'viap,  'water,'  and  Kvavog,  'blue. 
Prussia  Acid,  Ac"idum  Prus'sicum  seu  Borus'- 
sicum  seu  Zoot'icuni  sen  Zootin' icum,  Cyanohy'- 
dric  or  Gyanhy'drio  Acid,  (F.)  Acide  Hydro- 
cyanique  ou  Prussique.  This  acid  exists  in  a 
great  variety  of  native  combinations  in  the  vege- 
table kingdom,  and  imparts  to  them  certain  pro- 
perties, which  have  been  long  known  and  es- 
teemed; as  in  the  bitter  almond,  cherry  laurelj 
leaves  of  the  peach  tree,  hernels  of  fruit,  pips  of 
apples,  &c.  AVhen  concentrated,  it  is  liquid,  co- 
lourless, of  a  strong  smell  and  taste,  at  first  cool, 
afterwards  burning.  Its  s.  g.  at  7°  Centigrade,  is 
0.7058.  It  is  very  volatile,  and  enters  into  ebul- 
lition at  80°  Fahr.  It  speedily  undergoes  de- 
composition, sometimes  in  less  than  an  hour,  and 
consists  of  a  peculiar  gazeous  and  highly  inflam- 
mable compound  of  carbon  and  azote,  to  which 
the  name  Cyan'ogen  has  been  assigned;  and  of 
hydrogen,  which  acts  as  the  acidifying  principle  : 
hence  its  name  Hydrocyanic  acid.  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States,  (1851,)  two  for- 
mulae for  the  preparation  of  the  Ac"idum  hydro- 
cyan'icum  dilu'tum  —  Ac"idum  hydrocyan'icum. 
Ph.  U.  S.  of  1842  —  are  given;  the  one  from  the 
Ferro-cyanuret  of  Potassium  ;  the  other  from  the 
Cyanuret  of  Silver.  According  to  Magendie,  the 
acid,  prepared  after  Scheele's  method  —  the  one 
in  common  use — is  of  irregular  medicinal  power: 
he,  therefore,  recommends  Gay  Lussae's  acid, 
diluted  with  6  times  its  volume,  or  8.5  times  its 
weight  of  distilled  water,  for  medicinal  purposes, 
and  this  he  calls  JIedic"inal  Prussic  Acid.  Dr. 
Ure  has  proposed,  that  the  specific  gravity  should 
indicate  that  which  is  proper  for  medicinal  exhi- 
bition;  and,  after  comparative  experiments  of  the 
gravity  of  the  acids,  obtained  by  different  pro- 
cesses, he  states,  that  the  acid,  usually  prescribed, 
is  of  s.  g.  0.996  or  0.997.  Great  caution  is,  how- 
ever, necessary.  One  drop  of  pure  prussic  acid 
may  instantly  destroy,  and  the  animal  show 
hardly  any  traces  of  irritability,  a  few  moments 
after  death.  It  has  been  advised  in  laryngeal 
phthisis,  in  pulmonary  phthisis,  pulmonary  in- 
flammation and  irritation,  dyspepsia,  uterine  affec- 
tions, hectic  cough,  cancer,  chronic  rheumatism, 
and  mania,  and  as  a  local  remedy  in  impetiginous 
affections;  but,  although  possessed  of  powerful 
sedative  properties,  it  is  so  unmanageable  and 
the  preparation  so  uncertain,  that  it  is  not  much 
used.  The  Dose  of  Scheele's  Acid,  or  of  the  Me- 
dicinal Prussic  Acid,  is  from  a  quarter  of  a  drop 
to  two  drops. 

HYDROCYS'TIS,  from  'vhw^,  'water,'  and 
KvcTii,  'a  bladder.'  A  cyst  containing  a  watery 
or   serous   fluid.     An   hydatid.     Also,    saccated 

HYDRODERMA,  Anasarca. 
HYDRODES,  Aqueous. 
HYDRODIARRHOEA,  Diarrhoea,  serous. 
HYDRCEDEMA,  (Edema. 

HYDRO-ENCjEPHALORRHEE,  Apoplexy, 
serous. 

HYDRO -ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE,  Hydro- 
epiplo-enteroce'le ;  from  'v^up,  'water,'  Exripav, 
'intestine,'    and    wi-Aooi/    'omentum.'     Entero- 


HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOMPHALUM     4  7  4 


HYDROPATHIC 


epiplocele,   tlie  sac  of  which  contains  a  serous 
fluid. 

HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUM, 
from  'vSiap,  '  water/  cvrepov,  '  an  intestine,'  tiri- 
■nioov,  'the  caul,'  and  ojiipaXo;,  'the  navel.'  Um- 
bilical hernia,  the  sac  of  which  contains  intestine, 
epiploon,  and  serum. 

HYDRO-  ENTEROM'PHALUM,  Hydrente- 
rom'pkalum ;  from  'vSwp,  'water,'  (.vrepov,  'an  in- 
testine,' and  oii(pa\os,  'the  umbilicus.'  Hernia 
umbilicalis,  the  sac  of  which  contains  intestine 
and  serum.  _ 

HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'LE,  from  <vSwp,  'water,' 
eTTiirXoov,  'omentum,'  and  k^M)  'a  tumour.'  Her- 
nia, formed  by  omentum,  the  sac  of  which  con- 
tains serum. 

HYDRO-EPIPLO-ENTEROCELE,  Hydro- 
'  entero-epiplocele. 

HYDRO -EPIPLOMPH'ALUM,  from  'xiSuip, 
'  water,'  £77477X001/,  '  the  omentum,'  and  op(pa\oi, 
'  the  umbilicus.'  Umbilical  hernia,  the  sac  of 
which  contains  epiploon  and  serum. 

H YDROG'ALA,  from  'uowp,  '  water,'  and  ya\a, 
'milk.'     A  mixture  of  water  and  milk. 

HYDROGASTER,  Ascites. 

HY'DROGEjST,  Hydrogen'ium,  Injlam' mahle 
air,  Phlogis'ton,  Princip'ium  hydrorjenet' icum  sen 
hydrot'icum,  Ifephi'tia  injiammah'ilis,  (F.)  Hy- 
dvoghie,  Air  inflammahle,  Qaz  des  hallons,  from 
'vhwp,  'water,'  and  y^waw,  'I  produce.'  This 
gas,  when  breathed,  proves  fatal  from  containing 
no  oxygen.  When  diluted  with  two-thirds  of  at- 
mospheric air,  it  occasions  some  diminution  of 
muscular  power  and  sensibility,  and  a  reduction 
of  the  force  of  the  circulation.  It  has  been  re- 
spired in  catarrh,  haemoptysis,  and  phthisis. 

Hydrogen,  Carburet'ted,  In  flam' mahle  air, 
Fire  damp,  of  miners,  (F.)  Hydrogene  carbone 
ou  proto-carbone,  Grisou  —  obtained  by  pass- 
ing the  vapour  of  water  over  charcoal,  at  the 
temperature  of  ignition,  in  an  iron  tube — has 
been  found  possessed  of  similar  properties,  when 
diluted,  and  has  been  used  in  like  cases. 

Hydrogen,  Protoxide  of.  Water. 

Hydrogen,  Sulphuretted,  JJydrosnlph'uric, 
SuljjJihy' dric,  Snljiholiydric  or  Hydrotkion'io  acid, 
Hydrothi'on,  Gaz  hepat'ieum  seu  hydrogen'ium 
tulpJiura'tum,  Ilephi'tis  hep)at'ica,  (F.)  Hydrogene 
tidfure,  Acide  hydrosulfurique,  Air  p>wxnt  ou  he- 
jMtique,  may  be  disengaged  from  any  of  the  sul- 
phurets  by  the  addition  of  a  strong  acid.  It  is  a 
violent  poison,  but  has  been  recommended  to  be 
inhaled,  diluted,  to  allay  the  increased  irritability 
which  occasionally  exists  after  diseases  of  the 
lungs.     See  Hydro-sulphuretted  Water. 

HYDROGENATION,  see  Hydrogeneses. 

HYDROGENE,  Hydrogen  —  ^.  Carbone  ou 
protocarbone,  Hydrogen,  carburetted — h.  Sidfure, 
Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 

HYDROGENESES.  Baumes  gives  this  name 
to  diseases  which  he  fancifully  considers  to  de- 
pend upon  disturbed  hydrogenation.  In  it  he  in- 
cludes intermittent  and  remittent  fevers. 

HYDROGENO  -  SULPHURETUM  AMMO- 
NIAC^ LIQUIDUM,  Ammonise  sulphuretum. 

HYDROGLOSSA,  Ranula. 

HYDROGRAPHY,  see  Hydrology. 

HYDROHEMIE,  Antsmia,  Hydro£emia. 

HYDROHYMENI'TIS,  Orrhohymeni'tis,  from 
'D^cop,  'water,'  'viiriv,  'a  membrane,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  a  serous 
membrane. 

HYDROHYSTERA,  Hydrometra. 

HYDROL^UM.  Hydrelajon. 

HYDROLAPATHUM,Rumexhydrolapathum. 

HYDROLATA,  Aquse  destiUatEe. 

HYDROLATS,  Aqu^  destillataj,  Water,  dis- 
tilled. 


HYDROLE,  Decoction,  Fomentation,  Lotion, 
Mucilage,  Potion,  Tisane.     See  Hydrolica. 

HYDROL'ICA,  (F.)  Hydroliques,  from  'vhu>p, 
'water.'  Watery  solutions  of  the  active  princi- 
ples of  medicinal  agents.  Those  prepared  by  so- 
lution or  admixture  are  termed,  by  some  of  the 
modern  'Srenah  pTiarmaciens,  Hydroles  ;  those  by 
distillation,  Hydrolats. 
HYDROLIQUES,  Hydrolica. 
HYDROLITE,  Decoction,  Mucilage,  Potion. 

HYDROL'OGY,  Hydrolog"ia,  from  'v&wp,  '  wa- 
ter,' and  \oyos,  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  water. 
By  the  term  Medical  HydroV ogy  is  meant  that 
part  of  physics,  whose  object  is  the  study  of  wa- 
ter, considered  as  it  respects  medicine ;  and,  con- 
sequently, embracing  that  of  mineral  waters. 
Jledical  Hydrog'raphy  comprises  the  study  of  the 
influence  exerted  by  the  sea  or  by  navigation  on 
the  health  of  man. 

HYDROLOTIF,  Fomentation,  Lotion. 

HYDROMA'NIA,  from  'v&iDp,  'water,'  and 
jtavLu,  'mania.'  A  name  given  by  Strambi  to 
pellagra,  in  which  the  patient  has  a  strong  pro- 
pensity to  drown  himself. 

HYDRO-MEDIASTI'NUM,  Hydrops  medias- 
ti'ni.  Effusion  of  serous  fluid  into  the  mediastinum. 

HY'DROMEL,  Hydrom'eli,  from  'vSup,  '  water,' 
and  //eXj,  'honey.'  Aqzta  mulsa,  Meliti'tis,  lid- 
sum,  Melie'ratuni,  llellic'ratum,  Braggart,  Iledo. 
A  liquid  medicine,  prepared  with  an  ounce  and  a 
half  of  honey  and  a  pint  of  te])id  tuater.  It  is 
used  as  a  demulcent  and  laxative,  and  is  gene- 
rally known  under  the  names  Simple  hy'dromel. 
Vinous  hy'dromel,  Head,  Hydrom'eli  vino'sum, 
(Enomel,  is  a  drink  made  by  fermenting  honey 
and  water,  and  is  much  used  in  some  countries. 
As  a  common  drink,  mead  is  often  made  of  honey 
and  some  alcoholic  liquor  well  beaten  together. 
See  Mahogany. 

HYDROMELLE.  A  preparation  formed  like 
the  syrups,  using  hydromel  in  place  of  sugar. — 
Beral. 

HYDROMENINGITIS,  Aquo-membranitis, 
Hydrocephalus  internus. 

HYDROMETER,  Areometer. 

HYDROME'TRA,  Hydrome'iria,  ITydrohys'- 
tera,  Hydrotnetrecta'sia,  Hysteri'tes,  Hystercede'- 
via.  Hydrops  u'teri,  from  'u(5(op,  'water,'  and 
\ir]rpa,  'the  womb.'  Dropsy  of  the  womb.  A  dis- 
ease characterized  by  circumscribed  protuberance 
in  the  hypogastrium, — with  obscure  fluctuation, 
progressively  enlarging,  without  isehury  or  preg- 
nancy.   If  it  ever  occur,  it  must  be  a  rare  disease. 

HYDROMETRECTASIA,  Hydrometra. 

HYDROM'PHALUM,  Hydrops  vmbilica'lis, 
Exom'pihalus  aquo'sus,  Her'nia  ximbili'ci  aquo'sa, 
from  'vSwp,  'water,'  and  oijipa\oi,  'the  navel.'  A 
tumour,  formed  by  the  accumulation  of  serum  in 
the  sac  of  umbilical  hernia:  or  simply  by  disten- 
sion of  the  navel  in  eases  of  ascites. 

HYDROMYRIN'GA,  Hydromyrinx,  Hydrops 
tym'pani,  from  'u^oip,  'water,'  and  myringa  or 
myrinx,  'the  membrana  tympani.'  Dropsy  of  the 
drum  of  the  ear  ,•  giving  rise  to  difficulty  of 
hearing, — Dysecce'a  hydrop'ica. 

HYDROMYRINX,  Hydromyringa. 

HYDRONCUS,  Anasarca,  (Edema. 

HYDRONEPHRO'SIS,  (F.)  Hydronejyhrose, 
Hydrorenale  distension,  from  'vBiup,  'water,'  and 
vt^poq,  'kidney.'  An  accumulation  in  the  kidney, 
owing  to  the  obstruction  of  the  tubes  of  the  joa- 
pilla;. — Rayer. 

HYDRONOSUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDRONUSUS.  Hydrops. 

HYDROOARION,  Hydroarion. 

HYDROOPHORON,  Hydroarion. 

HYDROOVARIUM,  Hydroarion. 

HYDROPATII'IC,  Hydropath'icus,  Hydriat'- 
ricus,  from  'viiup,  '  water,'  and   Trados,  '  disease.' 


HYDROPATHY 


475 


HYDROPNEUMOSARCA 


Relating  to  hydropathy  or  the  water-cure, — as  a 
hydropathic  physician,  Hydri'd'ter,  Uijdrid'triw. 

HYDROPATHY,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDROPEDE'SIS,  from  'viwp,  'water,'  and 
trriiaia,  'I  break  out.'  Ephidro' sis.  Excessive 
sweating. 

HYDROPEGE,  "Water,  spring. 

HYDROPELTIS  PURPUREA,  Brasenia  hy- 
dropeltis. 

HYDROPERICARDIA,  Hvdropericardinm. 

HYDROPERICARDITIS,  Hydropericardium. 

HYDROPERICAR'DIUM,  Hydropericar'dia, 
nydropericardi'tis,  from  'vioip,  '  water,'  and  peri- 
cardiura ;  Hydrops  Pericar'dii,  Hydrocar'dia, 
Dropsy  of  the  pericar'dium,  (F.)  Hydropisie  du 
Pericarde.  This  is  not  a  common  disease.  Pal- 
pitations ;  irregular  or  intermitting  pulse ;  exces- 
sive dyspnoea,  amounting  often  to  orthopnoea, 
and  dulness  over  a  large  space  on.  percussion,  will 
cause  the  pericardium  to  be  suspected.  The  treat- 
ment is  that  of  dropsies  in  general.  It  is,  usu- 
ally, however,  of  the  active  kind. 

UYDROPEBIONE,  from  'vlwp,  'water,'  irt^i, 
'around,'  and  aov,  'an  egg,  or  ovum.'  The  sero- 
albuminous  substance,  secreted  by  the  lining  of 
the  uterus  prior  to  the  arrival  of  the  impregnated 
ovum  in  that  cavity. — Breschet. 

HYDROPERITONEUM,  Ascites. 

HYDROPERITONIE,  Ascites. 

HYDROPHAL'LUS,  from  'u^up,  'water,'  and 
(paXXoc,  'the  male  organ.'  (Edema  of  the  male 
organ. 

HYDROPHIMOSIS,  Phimosis  redematodes. 

HYDROPHLEGMASIA  TEXTUS  CELLU- 
LARIS,  Phlegmasia  alba. 

HYDROPHLOGOSIS  VENTRICULORUM 
CEREBRI,  Hydrocephalus  intornus. 

HYDROPH'OB'IA,  Paraphob'ia,  ParopTioh'm, 
Pliohodip' son,  Pheu'gydron,  PheugophoV ia,  Cy- 
nolys'sa,  Cynolys'sum,  Morhus  hydrophob  icus  seu 
hydroph'obus,  Lycan'che,  Lycan'cMs,  Aerop>hob'{a, 
Phreni'tis  latrans,  Lytta,  Lyssa,  L.  cani'na,  Pan- 
tophob'ia,  Rabies  cani'na,  EretJiis'nms  hydro2}ho- 
bia,  Clonos  hydrophobia,  Hygrophohia,  Aqua 
metus.  Canine  madness,  Water  fright,  (F.)  Rage  ; 
from  'ihJwp,  '  water,'  and  <po(Sog,  '  dread.' 

The  term  Rabies  is  more  appropriate  for  the 
aggregate  of  symptoms  resulting  from  the  bite 
of  rabid  animals.  Hydrophobia  literally  signifies 
a  '  dread  of  water ;'  and,  consequently,  ought  to 
be  applied  to  one  of  the  symptoms  of  rabies,  rather 
than  to  the  disease  itself.  It  is  a  symptom  which 
appears  occasionally  in  other  nervous  affections. 
Rabies  is  susceptible  of  spontaneous  development 
in  the  dog,  wolf,  eat,  and  fox,  which  can  thence 
transmit  it  to  other  quadrupeds  or  to  man ;  but 
it  has  not  been  proved  that  it  can  supervene, — 
without  their  having  been  previously  bitten, — in 
animals  of  other  species ;  or  that  the  latter  can, 
when  bitten,  communicate  it  to  others.  Many 
facts  induce  the  belief,  that  the  saliva  and  bron- 
chial mucus  are  the  sole  vehicles  of  the  rabid 
virus ;  the  effects  of  which  upon  the  economy 
sometimes  appear  almost  immediately  after  the 
bite,  and  are,  at  others,  apparently  dormant  for  a 
considerable  period.  The  chief  symptoms  are — 
a  sense  of  dryness  and  constriction  of  the  throat; 
excessive  thirst ;  diiScult  deglutition  ,•  aversion 
for,  and  horror  at,  the  sight  of  liquids  as  well  as 
of  brilliant  objects;  red,  animated  countenance; 
great  nervous  irritability;  frothy  saliva;  grinding 
of  the  teeth,  &c.  Death  most  commonly  happens 
before  the  fifth  day.  Hydrophobia  has  hitherto 
resisted  all  therapeutical  means.  Those  which 
allay  irritation  are  obviously  most  called  for.  In 
the  way  of  prevention,  the  bitten  part  should 
always  be  excised,  where  practicable;  and  cau- 
terized. 


In  some  cases,  symptoms  like  those  which  fol- 
low the  bite  of  a  rabid  animal  are  said  to  have 
come  on  spontaneously.  This  affection  has  been 
termed  nervovs  or  spontaneous  hydropAobia. 

HYDROPHOBUS,  Lyssodectus. 

HYDROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'viwp,  'water,' 
and  o(p^aXixos,  'the  eye.'  Hydrophthal' mus, 
Dropsy  of  the  eye.  Hydrops  Oc'uli,  Bujithal'mns, 
Zobphthal'mns,  Oc'ulus  Bovi'nus  seu  Bu'buJus 
seu  Elephan'tinus,  Ophthalmopto'sis,  Parop'sis 
Staphylo'ma  simplex,  (F.)  Hydrophthahnie,  Hy- 
dropisie de  I'oeiL  This  affection  is  caused,  at 
times,  by  an  increase  in  the  quantity  of  the  aque- 
ous, at  others,  of  the  vitreous,  humour.  In  the 
former  case,  the  iris  is  concave  anteriorly,  and 
pushed  backwards:  —  in  the  latter,  it  is  convex, 
and  pushed  forwards.  Most  commonly,  the  dis- 
ease seems  to  depend  on  both  humours  at  the 
same  time.  Hydrophthalmia  sometimes  affects 
both  eyes ;  at  others,  only  one.  Children  are 
more  exposed  to  it  than  adults  or  old  persons. 
The  treatment  must  vary  according  to  the  cause  ; 
its  longer  or  shorter  duration ;  greater  or  less 
extent,  &o.  Hence,  according  to  circumstances, 
hydragogue  medicines,  purgatives,  general  and 
local  blood-letting,  blisters,  setons,  moxa,  cup- 
ping-glasses, fomentations,  collyria,  and  fumiga- 
tions of  different  kinds,  have  been  employed. 
When  all  means  fail,  and  the  disease  continues 
to  make  progress,  the  fluid  may  be  evacuated,  by 
a  puncture  made  with  a  cataract  needle  at  the 
lower  part  of  the  transparent  cornea. 

Htdeophthalmia,  Conical,  Staphyloma  of 
the  cornea. 

HYDROPHTHAL'MION.  Same  etymon.  An 
oedematous  swelling  of  the  conjunctiva  in  hydro- 
pic persons. 

•     HYDROPHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia— h. 
Cruentus,  Hsemophthalmia. 

HYDROPHYLLUM  VERUM,  Hydrastis  Ca- 
nadensis. 

HYDROPHYSOCE'LE,  Hydropneumatoce'le, 
from  'viwp,  'water,'  (pvaa,  'wind,'  and  KriXr/,  'a 
tumour.'  Hernia,  which  contains  a  serous  fluid 
and  gas. 

HYDROPHYSOME'TRA,  from  'viwp,  'water,' 
<i>v(Tat,i,  *I  inflate,'  and  i^vrpa,  'the  womb.'  A 
morbid  condition  of  the  womb,  in  which  both 
fluid  and  air  are  contained  in  it. 

HYDROP'IC,  Hydrop'icus,  Hy'phydros,  Hy- 
der'ieus,  Hydero'des,  Drop)' sical,  (Sc.)  Edrop>p>it, 
(F.)  Hydropique.  One  labouring  under  dropsy. 
Drop'sied.  Relating  to  dropsy.  Also,  an  anti- 
hydropic,  and  a  hydragogue. 

HYDROPIPER,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 

HYDROPISIA,  Hydrops. 

HYDROPISIE,  Hydrops  — L  du  Bas-ventre, 
Ascites — h.  Cardiaque,  Dropsy,  cardiac — h.  Cere- 
brate suraigve,  Apoplexy,  serous  —  h.  Hepaiique, 
Dropsy,  hepatic — h.  de  V QSil,  Hydrophthalmia — 
h.  de  I'Ovaire,  Hydroarion — h.  du  Pericarde,  Hy- 
dropericardium— h.  du  Peritoine,  Ascites — h.  dea 
Plevres,  Hydrothorax  —  h.  de  Poitrine,  Hydro- 
thorax — h.  Renale,  Dropsy,  renal — h.  de  la  Vesi- 
cule  du  Fiel,  Turgescentia  vesica  fellefe. 

HYDROPISIS,  Hydrops— h.  Vera,  Anasarca, 

HYDROPISMUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDROPLEURIE,  Hvdrothorax. 

HYDROPXEUMATOCELE,  Hydrophysocele, 

HYDROPNEUMON,  Hydropneumonia. 

H  Y  D  R  0  P  N  E  U  M  0 '  N I  A,  Hydropneu'mon, 
(Ede'ma  pidmo'num  chron'icum.  Hydrops  pulmo'- 
num  seu  pulmo'mtm  celhdo'sus,  Anasar'ea  piilmo'- 
num,  from  'vSwp,  '  water,' and  irvcvfiuiv,  'the  lung.' 
Dropsical  infiltration  of  the  lungs.  See  (Edema 
of  the  lungs. 

HYDROPNEUMOSAR'CA,  from  'vSwp,  'wa- 
!  ter/  TTvcviia,  'wind,  air,'  and  trapl,  'flesh.'   An  ab- 


HYDROPNEUMOTHORAX    476 


HYDROSARCOCELE 


Ecess,  containing  water,  air,  and  matters  similar 
to  flesh. — M.  A.  Severinus. 

HYDROPNEUMOTHO'RAX,  fli/rfroaeVopZeit- 
rie,  from  'vSu)p,  'water/  ttvcvixuiv,  'the  lung,'  and 
Owpaf, 'the  chest.'  Pneumothorax  with  effusion 
of  blood  into  the  chest.     See  Pneumothorax. 

HYDROPOi'DES,  from  'vSi^p,  'water/  and 
TToieio,  'I  make.'  An  epithet  for  watery  excre- 
tions, such  as  sometimes  take  place  in  hydropics. 
HYDROP'OTA,  Hydroiyotes,  Pota'tor  Aqua, 
from  'tj(5n)p,  'water,'  and  noTrjg,  'a,  drinker.'  A 
water  dnnher.  One  who  drinks  only  water,  or 
drinks  it  in  an  extraordinary  quantity. 

HYDROPS,  from  'u^up,  '  water,'  Plilegma'tia, 
Hij'deros,  Affec'tiis  liydero'des,  Jlydrop'isis,  Hy- 
drojn's'ia,  Hydropis'mus,  Hydrop'sia,  Hydror- 
rhce'a,  Hydror'rhoe,  Hydror'rhom,  Polyhy'dria, 
Hydron'osus,  Hydronu'sus,  Dropsy,  By'dropsy, 
(Old  Eng.)  Dropyle,  (F.)  Hydrojiisie.  A  preter- 
natural collection  of  a  serous  fluid  in  any  cavity 
of  the  body,  or  in  the  areolar  texture.  When  the 
areolar  texture  of  the  whole  body  is  more  or  less 
filled  with  fluid,  the  disease  is  called  Anasar'ca 
or  LencoiMegma'tia  ;  —  and  when  this  variety  is 
local  or  partial,  it  is  called  OEde'ma.  The  chief 
dropsies,  designated  from  their  seat,  are : — Ana- 
sarca, Hydroce2'>lialus,  Hydrorachitis,  Hydrotho- 
rax,  Hydropericardium,  Ascites,  Uydrometra, 
Hydrocele,  &,o. 

Encyst'ed  Drojjsy,  ITydro2)8  sacca'tus,  incarce- 
ra'tus  seu  cys'ticits,  is  that  variety  in  which  the 
^uid  is  enclosed  in  a  sac  or  cyst;  so  that  it  has 
iO  communication  with  the  surrounding  parts. 
Dropsy  of  the  Ovarium,  Hydrops  seu  Asci'tes 
Ova'rii,  Asci'tes  sacca'tus,  is  an  instance  of  this 
variety. 

Dropsy  may  be  active  or  passive.  The  former 
consists  in  an  increased  action  of  the  exhalants, 
so  that  those  vessels  pour  out  much  more  fluid 
than  is  absorbed :  the  latter  arises  from  a  state 
of  atony  of  the  absorbent  vessels,  which  allows 
of  an  accumulation  of  fluid.  It  may  also  be  me- 
chanical, or  produced  by  obstructions  to  the  cir- 
culation, as  in  cases  of  diseased  liver.  Active 
dropsy,  occurring  accidentally  in  a  sound  indi- 
vidual, generally  ends  favourably.  That  which 
supervenes  on  other  diseases,  or  is  symptomatic 
of  some  internal  afi"ection,  is  rarely  curable. 

The  treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  all  those 
remedies  which  act  on  the  various  secretions  :  so 
that,  the  demand  being  increased,  the  supply  will 
have  to  be  increased  accordingly ;  and  in  this 
manner  some  of  the  collected  fluid  may  be  taken 
up  by  the  absorbents.  To  this  end  bleeding,  if 
the  dropsy  be  very  active  ;  purgatives,  diuretics, 
sudorifics,  sialogogues,  &o.,  are  the  remedies 
chiefly  depended  upon. 

Hydrops  Abdominis,  Ascites  —  h.  Abdominis 
aereus.  Tympanites  —  h.  Abdominis  saccatus,  see 
Ascites  —  h.  Anasarca,  Anasarca  —  h.  Anasarca 
acutus,  see  Anasarca  —  h.  AraehnoideiB,  Hydro- 
cephalus chronicus  —  h.  Articulorum,  Hydrar- 
thrus  —  h.  Ascites,  Ascites  —  h.  Capitis,  Hydro- 
cephalus, Hydrocephalus  chronicus  —  h.  Car- 
diacus.  Dropsy,  cardiac  —  h.  Cavitatis  eolum- 
n£B  vertebralis,  Hydrorachis  —  h.  Cellularis  ar- 
tuum.  Oedema — h.  Cellularis  totius  corporis.  Ana- 
sarca—  h.  Cellulosus,  Anasarca — h.  Cerebri, 
Hydrocephalus,  Hydrocephalus  internus — h.  Cu- 
taneus.  Anasarca  —  h.  Cysticus,  see  Ascites,  and 
Hydrops— h.  Glottidis,  CEdema  of  the  Glottis — h. 
Hepaticus,  Dropsy,  hepatic — h.  Incarceratus,  see 
Hydrops— h.  Intercus,  Anasarca — h.  Leucophleg- 
matia,  Leucophlegmatia — h.  ad  Matulam,  Dia- 
betes—  h.  Mediastini,  Hydromediastinum  —  h. 
MedullaB  spinalis,  Hydrorachis — h.  Matellfe,  Dia- 
betes— h.  Oculi,  Hydrophthalmia — h.  Ovarii,  Hy- 
droarion,  see  Hydrops— h.  Palpebrse,  Hydroble- 
pharon — li.  Pectoris,  Hydrothorax — h.  Pericardii, 


Hydropericardium — h.  Pleurae,  Hydrothorax — h. 
Pulmonis,  Hydrothorax— h.  Pulmonum,  Hydro- 
pneumonia,  didema  of  the  Lungs — h.  Pulmonum 
cellulosus,  Hydropneumonia — h.  Renalis,  Dropsy, 
renal — h.  Saccatus,  see  Hydrops — h.  Sacci  lacry- 
malis,  Fistula  lacrymalis — h.  Scroti,  Hydrocele — 
h.  Siccus  et  flatulentus,  Tympanites  —  h.  Spinse, 
Hydrorachis — h.  Spin»  vertebralis,  Hydrorachis 
— h.  Subcutaneous,  Anasarca — h.  Telaj  cellulosas, 
Anasarca — h.  Testiculorum,  Hydrocele — h.  Tho- 
racis, Hydrothorax  —  h.  Tubarum  Fallopii,  Hy- 
drosalpinx—  h.  Tympani,  Hydromyringa  —  h. 
Tympanites,  Tympanites  —  h.  Umbilicalis,  Hy- 
dromphalum — h.  Uteri,  Hydrometra — h.  Vesicae 
felleas,  Turgescentia  vesiculaa  fellese. 
HYDROPSIA,  Hydrops. 
HYDROPSY,  Hydrops, 

HYDROPYR'ETOS,  from  'vSoip,  'water/  and 
vvptTos,  'fever/  Fehris  sudato'ria.  Fever  with 
sweating.  Hidropyretos  would  be  more  proper  ; 
from  't&p<i)s,  'sweat.'     See  Sudor  Anglicus. 

HYDRORA'CHIS,  from  'vSuip,  'water,'  and 
pa)(ig,  '  the  spine.'  Hydrorrha'chis,  Hydroro- 
chi'tis,  Hydrorrha'chia,  Myeloch'ysis,  Hydrops 
Cavita'tis  Cohtmnce  Vertebra'lis  seu  Spiiia  verte- 
bra'lis  seu  medul'la  spina'lis  seu  spincB,  Hydro- 
ce'le  spina'lis,  Hydrorachi'tis  spino'sa.  An  effu- 
sion of  serum,  often  owing  to  inflammation  of  the 
spinal  membranes  —  myeli'tis  exsudati'va  —  and 
forming  a  soft,  frequently  transparent,  tumour, 
constituted  of  the  membranes  of  the  spinal  mar- 
row, which  are  distended  and  projecting  hack- 
wards  from  the  vertebral  canal,  the  posterior 
paries  of  which,  when  the  affection  is  congenital, 
is  wanting  to  a  certain  extent  —  Spina  bifida, 
Atelorachid'ia,  Hydrora'chis  dehis'cens  seu  con- 
gen'ita,  Schistorrha'chis,  Spi'nola.  The  disease 
is  often  accompanied  with  paralysis  of  the  lower 
extremities.  It  is  congenital,  and  situate  in  the 
lumbar  or  sacral  regions.  It  is  almost  always 
fatal:  —  the  tumour  rupturing,  and  death  occur- 
ring instantaneously.  On  dissection,  a  simple 
separation  or  complete  absence  of  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  vertebra  is  perceived,  with,  at 
times,  destruction  or  absence  of  spinal  marrow. 
The  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  hydrocephalus 
chronicus ;  and,  as  in  it,  advantage  seems  occa- 
sionally to  have  been  derived  by  puncturing  with 
a  fine  needle. 

Hydrorachis  Dehiscens,  see  Hydrorachis. 
HYDRORACHITIS,  Hydrorachis. 
HYDRORCHIS,  Hydrocele. 
HYDRORENALE  DISTENSION,   Hydro- 
nephrosis. 

HYDRORRHACHIA,  Hydrorachis. 
HYDRORRHACHIS,  Hydrorachis  —  h.  Con- 
genita,  see  Hydrorachis  —  h.  Dehiscens,  see  Hy- 
drMachis. 
MYDRORRHAGIE,  Apoplexy,  serous. 
HYDRORRHOE,  Hydrops. 
HYDRORRHCEA,  Hydrops.     Also,  a  copious 
watery  discharge, — as  from  the  vagina. 
HYDRORRHOUS,  Hydrops. 
HYDRORTHOPNCE'A,   from   'i/Jup,    'water/ 
and  opOoiTvoia,  'difiiculty  of  breathing,  except  in 
the  erect  posture.'     Orthopnoea,  owing  to  a  col- 
lection of  water  in  the  chest. 

HYDROSAC'CHARUM,  Aqua  sacchara'ta, 
(F.)  Eau  sucree.     Sugared  water. 

HYDROSAL'PINX,  Hydrops  tuba'rnm  Fallo'- 
pii ;  from  'v&iap,  'water,'  and  txaX-niy^,  'a  tube.' 
Dropsy  of  the  Fallopian  tube. 

HYDROSAR'CA,  from  'viiop,  'water,'  and  o-ap|, 
'flesh.'  A  tumour  containing  a  fluid,  as  well  as 
portions  of  flesh.     Also,  Anasarca. 

HYDROSARCOCE'LE,  from  'v&u,p,  'water/ 
aap^,  'flesh,'  and  K17A17,  'a  tumour.'  Sarcohydro- 
ce'le.  A  tumour,  formed  by  a  sarcocele,  compli- 
cated with  dropsy  of  the  tunica  vaginalis. 


HTDROSCHEOCELE 


477 


eygrometricitS 


HYDROSCHEOCE'LE,  Oscheoce'le  aquo'sa, 
from  'v^Lop,  'water,'  oax^""}  'tli6  scrotum,'  and 
Kriy.v,  'rupture.'  A  collection  of  water  in  the 
scrotum.     Hydrocele. 

HYDROSCHEONIE,  Hydrocele. 

HYDROSCHEUM,  Hydrocele. 

HYDROSIS,  Hidrosis. 

HYDROSTATIC  TEST  OF  INFANTICIDE, 
see  Doeimasia — h.  Bed,  Water  bed. 

HYDROSUDOPATHY,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDROSUDOTHERAPEI'A,  Hydropytliy, 
Hydropathi'a,  Hydrosxidop'athy,  Hydri'asis,  Ara 
Tiydriat'rica,  Eydriatri'a,  Hydatotherapei'a, 
Hydrotherajoei' a,  Water  cure,  (G.)  Wasserkur, 
from  'vDiiip,  'water,'  sudo,  'I  sweat,'  and  depaTrcvto, 
'I  remedy.'  A  badly  compounded  word,  formed 
to  express  the  mode  of  treating  diseases  syste- 
matically by  cold  water,  sweating,  &a. 

HYDROSULPHURET'TED  WATER,  Aqua 
Tiydrosulphura'ta  simjjlex,  A.  Ttepat'icu,  (F.)  Ean 
hydroaidphuree  simple.  (Salphuret  of  iron  1000 
parts,  sulphuric  acid  2000  parts,  distilled  water 
4000  parts ;  add  the  water  to  the  acid,  and  put 
the  sulphuret  of  iron  into  a  retort,  to  which  a 
Wolff's  apparatus  of  five  or  six  vessels  is  adapted ; 
the  last  containing  about  an  ounce  of  potassa, 
dissolved  in  a  quart  of  water.  Pour  the  diluted 
acid  gradually  on  the  sulphuret,  and,  ultimately, 
throw  away  the  water  in  the  last  vessel.  Ph.  P.) 
It  is  stimulant,  diaphoretic,  and  deobstruent  [?], 
and  is  used  in  rheumatism,  diseases  of  the  skin, 
<te. 

It  has  been,  also,  called  Ac"idum  MydrotMon' - 
icum  Uq'uidnm, 

HYDROSULPHURETUM  AMMONIACALE 
AQUOSUM,  Ammonias  sulphuretum — h.  Ammo- 
niacum,  Ammonije  sulphuretum. 

HYDROTHERAPEIA,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDROTHIOX,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 

HYDROTHO'RAX,  from  'v6o,p,  'water,'  and 
6upa^,  'the  chest.'  Hydrop)S  Thora'cia  seu  joec'- 
toria  seu  pulmo'nia  seu  pileurce,  Stethoch'ysis, 
Plenrorrhce'a  lymphat'ica  seu  sero'sa,  Dyspjioe'a 
et  Otthopnce'a  hydrothorac"ica,  (F.)  Hydropiaie 
de  Poitriiie  ou  des  Plevres,  Dropsy  of  the  Chest. 
Idiopathic  hydrothorax,  termed,  by  Laennec,  Hy- 
dropiaie des  p)levres,  Drop)sy  of  the  Pleura,  —  by 
Piorry,  Hydropleurie,  —  is  a  rare  disease,  and 
difficult  of  diagnosis.  It  generally  exists  only 
on  one  side,  which,  if  the  iluid  effused  be  con- 
siderable, projects  more  than  the  other.  Dysp- 
noea, and  fluctuation  perceptible  to  the  ear,  are 
characteristic  symptoms.  When  the  chest  is 
examined  with  the  stethoscope,  respiration  is 
found  to  be  wanting  every  where,  except  at  the 
root  of  the  lung.  The  sound  is  also  dull  on  per- 
cussion. 

Effusion  into  the  chest,  as  a  result  of  inflam- 
mation of  some  thoracic  viscus,  is  as  common  as 
the  other  is  rare.  It  is  usually  a  fatal  symptom. 
It  has  been  called  symptomatic  hydrothorax. 

In  hydrothorax,  the  course  of  treatment  proper 
in  dropsies  in  general  must  be  adopted.  Diure- 
tics seem,  here,  to  be  especially  useful ;  probably 
on  account  of  the  great  activity  of  pulmonary  ab- 
sorption.    Paracentesis  can  rarely  be  serviceable. 

Hydrothorax  Chylosus,  Chylothorax  —  h. 
Purulentus,  Empyema. 

HYDROTICA,  Hydragogues. 

HYDPuO'TIS,  from  'vSup,  'water,' and  ouj,  gen. 
<i>To;,  'the  ear.'  Dropsy  of  the  ear.  Properly, 
an  accumulation  of  mucous  or  muco-purulent 
matter  in  the  middle  ear. 

HYDRURESIS,  Diabetes. 

HYDRURIA,  Diabetes,  see  Urine. 

HYERES.  This  small  town,  agreeably  situ- 
ate on  the  declivity  of  a  hill,  about  two  miles  from 
the  Mediterranean,  and  twelve  from  Toulon,  is 


the  least  exceptionable  residence  in  Proven 50  for 
the  pulmonary  invalid.  It  is  in  some  measure 
protected  from  the  northerly  winds ;  but  not  suffi- 
ciently so  from  the  mistral  to  render  it  a  very 
desirable  residence  for  the  phthisical. — Sir  James 
Clark. 

HYGEA,  Hygiene,  Sanitas. 

HYGEIA,  Sanitas. 

HYGEISMUS,  Hygiene. 

HYGEOLOGY,  Hygiene. 

HYGIANSIS,  Sanitas. 

HYGIASIS,  Sanitas. 

HYGIASMA,  Medicament. 

HYGIAS'TICA  DOCTRI'NA.  The  doctrine 
of  health.  The  doctrine  of  the  restoration  of 
health. 

HYGIASTICUS,  Salutary. 

HYGIEA,  Sanitas. 

HYGIEIA,  Hygiene,  Sanitas. 

HYGIEINUS,  Salutary. 

HYGIEJOLOGIA,  Hygiene. 

HYGIENE  (F.),  (generally  Anglicised,  Sy. 
giene,  and  pronounced  hyc/eene),  from  'vyiua, 
'health.'  Hygeis'mus,  Hyqiei'ne,  Hygie'sis,  Hy- 
giei'a  ;  Hygie'a,  Hygei'a,  Hygiene,  Hygien'ics,  3Je~ 
dicina  conservati'va  seu  diasos' tica,  Hygeolog"ia, 
Hygieiolog"ia,HygeoV  ogy.HygioV  ogy  ;  from  'vyins, 
'healthy.'  The  part  of  medicine  whose  object  is 
the  preservation  of  health.  It  embraces  a  know- 
ledge of  healthy  man,  both  in  society  and  indi- 
vidually, as  well  as  of  the  objects  used  and  em- 
ployed by  him,  with  their  influence  on  his  consti- 
tution and  organs.     See  Regimen, 

HYGIEN'IC,  (F.)  Hygienique.  Same  etymon. 
Relating  to  Hygiene  —  as  'hygienic  precautions, 
hygienic  rules,'  &c.  &c. 

HYGIENICS,  Hygiene. 

HYGIENIQUE,  Hygienic. 

HYGIEN'IST.  One  who  understands  the 
principles  of  hygiene. 

HYGIERUS,  Salutary. 

HYGIESIS,  Hygiene. 

HYGIOLOGY,  Hygiene. 

HYGRA,  from  'v&wp,  'water,'  or  'vypo;,  'hu- 
mid.'    Liquid  plasters ; — Hygremplas'tra. 

HYGRASIA,  Humour. 

HYGRECHE'MA,  from  'vypos,  'humid,'  and 
cxnp<i!  'sound;'  Son'itus  flu'idi.  The  sound  of 
fluid,  heard  by  auscultation,  or  otherwise. 

HYGREDON,  Humour. 

HYGREMPLASTRA,  Hygra. 

HYGROBLEPHAR'ICI,  from  'vypo^;,  'humid,' 
and  ffXetpapov,  'eyelid;'  Hygrophthal'mici.  The 
excretory  ducts  of  the  lachrymal  gland  have  been 
so  called. 

HYGROBRONCHIORRHONCHUS,  Edlemu- 
queux. 

HYGROCATARAC'TA;  from  'vypog,  'humid,' 
and  KarapaKTrig,  'cataract;'  Catarac'ta  liq'uida. 
Liquid  or  fluid  cataract. 

HYGROCELE,  Hydrocirsocele. 

HYGROCOLLYRIA,  see  Collyrium. 

HYGROCYSTIS,  Hydatid. 

HYGROL'OGY,  Hygrolog"ia,  from  'vypoq,  'hu- 
mid,' and  \oyo;,  'a  discourse.'  The  anatomy  of 
the  fluids  of  the  body. 

HYGRO'MA,  from  'vypog,  'humid.'  Timor 
cya'ticus  sero'sus,  Cys'tis  sero'sa.  Dropsy  of  the 
bursas  mucosae. 

HYGROMET'RIC,  Hygromet'ricus,  (F.)  Hy- 
grometrique.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Rela- 
ting or  appertaining  to  hygrometry. 

HYGROifETRic  Property  of  an  organized  tissue, 
(F.)  Hygronietricite,  is  that  by  which  it  gives  off 
to  the  air,  and  receives  from  it  moisture  under 
varying  conditions  of  that  medium. 

HYGROMETRICITE,  Hygrometric  prop- 
erty. 


HYGROMETRY 


478 


HYOlDES  OS 


HYGROM'ETRY,  Hygromet'ria,  Hygroscop'- 
ia;  from  'vypos,  'humid,'  and  utrpov,  'measure.' 
The  part  of  physics  which  concerns  the  measure- 
ment of  the  dryness  or  humidity  of  the  atmo- 
sphere. It  is  probable,  that  diseases  are  as  fre- 
quently caused  by  the  varying  moisture  of  the 
atmosphere  or  by  changes  in  its  weight  or  tem- 
perature. The  hygrometer  ought,  consequently, 
to  form  part  of  every  apparatus  for  medical  me- 
teorological observations. 

HYGRON,  Liquor. 

HYGROPHOBIA.  Hydrophobia. 

HYGROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'pypo?,  'humid,' 
and  o(pda\iiia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  Oph- 
thalmia with  much  lachrymation. 

HYGROPHTHALMICI,  Hygroblepharici. 

HYGROPISSOS,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

HYGROSCOPIA,  Hygrometry. 

HYGROTES,  Humour,  Liquor. 

HYGRUM,  Humour. 

HY'LE,  'uXi?,  Mate'ria,  'Matter.  Wood.'  Ma- 
teria Medica ;  also,  the  Philosopher's  stone. 

Hyle  Iatrice,  Materia  Medica. 

HYLISIS,  Colatio. 

HYLISMDS,  Colatio. 

HYLISTER,  Colatorium. 

HYLOPH'AGOUS,  from  'v\n,  'wood,'  and 
cpayo),  '  I  eat.'  One  that  feeds  upon  the  young 
shoots  of  trees,  roots,  &c.  Hylophagous  tribes 
yet  exist  in  some  parts  of  Africa. 

HYMEN,  'vfiriv,  which  signifies  'marriage,' 
*  nuptial  song,'  '  membrane  or  pellicle.'  Clatts- 
trum  seu  Flos  seu  Sigil'lwm  seu  Custo'dia  seu  Co- 
lum'na  seu  Zona  virginita'tis,  Flos  virgina'lis, 
Virgin'ia,  Cir'culus  membrano'sus,  Bucton,  Inter- 
sep'tum  virgina'le,  Cento  virgina'lis,  Argumen' turn 
Tntegrita'tis,  Munimen'tum  seu  Zona  Castita'tis, 
Pannic'xdus  hymencs'us  seu  virgina'lis,  Eugion, 
Val'vula  seu  Membran'ula  luna'ta  vagincB,  Vir'- 
ginal  membrane.  The  semilunar,  parabolic,  or 
circular  fold,  situate  at  the  outer  orifice  of  the 
vagina  in  virgins,  especially  during  youth,  and 
prior  to  menstruation.  This  membrane  is  ordi- 
narily ruptured  by  the  fii-st  venereal  act,  and  is 
effaced  by  accouchement;  some  irregular  flaps 
remaining,  to  which  the  name  Carun'culcB  Myr- 
tifor'mes  has  been  given  by  reason  of  their  re- 
semblance to  the  leaves  of  the  myrtle.  Many 
circumstances  of  an  innocent  character  may  oc- 
casion a  rupture  or  destruction  of  this  membrane. 
It  is  often,  indeed,  found  absent  in  children  soon 
after  birth ;  whilst  it  may  remain  entire  after  co- 
pulation. Hence  the  presence  of  the  hymen  does 
not  absolutely  prove  virginity ;  nor  does  its  ab- 
sence prove  incontinence ;  although  its  presence 
would  be  prima  facie  evidence  of  continence. 

Hymen,  Membrane — h.  Diaphratton,  Mediasti- 
num. 

HYMEN^A,  see  Copal  — h.  Courbaril,  see 
Anime. 

HYMEN'ICA  AMENORRHCE'A.  Amenor- 
rhoea  occasioned  by  closure  of  the  hymen. 

IIYMEN'ICUS,  Hymeno'des,  from  'vnvv,  'hy- 
men,' &e.  Relating  to  the  hymen.  Also,  mem- 
branous. 

HYMENI'TIS,  from  'vfiriv,  'a  membrane,'  and 
ifis,  denoting  inflammation.  Membranous  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  an  internal  mem- 
brane. 

HYME'NIUM,   Membran'ida,    diminutive    of 
'vfivv,  '  a  membrane.'    A  fine,  delicate  membrane. 
HYMENODES,  Hymenicus. 
HYMENOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera. 
HYMENOG"ENY,  Hymenogen'ia,  (F.)  Hymi- 
noginie,  from  'vjirjv,  'a  membrane,'  and  yevvauy,  'I 
engender.'    The  production  of  membranes  by  the 
effect  of  simple  contact  of  two  liquids,  as  albu- 
men and  fat,  when  the  former  gives  a  coating  to 
the  globules  of  the  latter. — Ascherson. 


HYMENOG'RAPHY,  Hymenogra'piJiia,  from 
'vjit]v,  '  a  membrane,'  and  ypaipw,  '  I  describe.' 
That  part  of  anatomy  whose  object  is  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  different  membranes. 

HYMENOL'OGY,  Hymenolog" ia ,  from  'vfiriv, 
'  a  membrane,'  and  ^.oyo^,  '  a  description.'  J 
treatise  on  the  membranes. 

HYMENOPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  mem- 
bran  arum. 

H  Y  M  E  N  0  R '  RH APHY,  HymenorrJia'j,hia  , 
from  'v^riv,  'the  hymen,'  and  patpri,  'a  suture.'  A 
form  of  elytrorrhaphy,  in  which  the  operation  is 
performed  in  the  natural  situation  of  the  hymen. 

HYMENOT'OMY,  liymenofom'ia,  from  'vftriv, 
'a  membrane,'  and  rcjuvw,  'I  cut,' 'I  dissect.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  dissec- 
tion of  the  membranes.  The  term  has  also  been 
applied  to  the  incision  of  the  hymen,  practised  in 
certain  cases  of  imperforation  of  the  vagina,  in 
order  to  give  exit  to  the  blood  retained  and  ac- 
cumulated in  the  cavity  of  the  uterus. 

HYMNIUM,  Amnios. 

HYO :  in  composition,  an  abridgment  of  Hy- 
oides  OS. 

HYOBASIOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 

HYGCHONDROGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 

HYODEOGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 

HYODEOTHYREODES,  Thyreohyoideus. 

HYODES,  Hyoides. 

HYODEPIGLOTTICUS,  Hyo-epiglotticus. 

H  Y  O-EPIGLOT'T  I C  U  S,  Ilyodepiglot'ticns. 
Belonging  to  the  os  hyoides  and  epiglottis.  Some 
anatomists  have  given  the  name  Hyo-epjiglottiG 
ligament  to  a  bundle  of  condensed  areolar  tissue, 
which  passes  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  body 
of  the  hyoid  bone  to  the  base  of  the  epiglottic 
fibro-cartilage. 

HYO-GLOSSO-BASI-PHAR  YNGIEN, 
Constrictor  pharyngis. 

HYOGLOS'SUS,  Hyo'deo-glossus,Hyo-chondro- 
glossits,  Hypsiloglossiis,  Cer'ato-glossns  of  Douglass 
and  Cowper  :  Basio-Cerato-Chondro-glossus.  A 
large,  thin,  quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  neck.  Its  in- 
sertions at  three  different  points  of  theos  hyoides 
permit  it  to  be  divided  into  three  portions  : — the 
first,  {Cerato-glossus  of  Albinus)  is  attached  to 
the  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides :  the  second, 
(Basio-glossus  of  Albinus,)  arises  from  the  supe- 
rior part  of  the  body  of  the  same  bone;  and  the 
third,  (Chondro-glossus  of  Albinus,)  arises  from 
the  lesser  cornu  and  the  cartilage,  situate  between 
the  body  and  the  greater  cornu.  The  fibres  of 
these  three  bundles  are  inserted  into  the  lateral 
and  inferior  parts  of  the  tongue.  This  muscle 
depresses  the  base  of  the  tongue,  or  raises  the  os 
hyoides,  when  the  tongue  is  fixed. 

HYO-THYREOiDEUS,  Thyreo-hyoideus. 

HYO-THYROID,  Thyreo-hyoid. 

HYOID  BONE,  Hyoides,  os. 

HYOI'DES  OS,  Os  Bicor'ne  seu  JiypseJo'i'des 
seu  Lambdoi'des  seu  Gut'txiris  seu  Outlnra'le  seu 
Lingvm  seu  Lingua'le,  UpsiloVdes,  YpsHo'ides. 
The  Hyoid  Bone;  from  the  Greek  v,  and  ehJoj, 
'shape.'  Hyo'i'deus,  Hyo'des.  The  hyoid  bone 
is  a  very  movable,  osseous  arch;  of  a  parabolic 
shape;  convex  before,  and  suspended  horizontally 
in  the  substance  of  the  soft  parts  of  the  neck, 
between  the  base  of  the  tongue  and  the  larynx. 
This  bone,  separated  entirely  from  the  rest  of  the 
skeleton,  is  composed  of  five  distinct  portions, 
susceptible  of  motion  on  each  other.  The  first,  and 
most  central,  is  the  body  of  the  hyoid,  Os-iic'u/nm 
me'dium  HyoVdis,  which  affords  attachment  to 
several  muscles;  the  two  others  are  lateral,  and 
bear  the  name  of  branches  or  greater  cornua. 
The  la?t  two  are  smaller,  situate  above  the  other, 
and  are  known  under  the  name  lesser  cormia  and 
styloid  cornua,  the    Ossa  pisifor'mia    lingna'lia 


HYOlDEUS 


479 


HYPEECENOSIS 


of  Sb'mmering,  Ossa  seu  Grana  seu  Ossie'xda 
ECU  Cor'pora  seu  Corpus'cnla  tritic"ea.  The  os 
hyoides  is  ossified  from  five  points. 

HyoYdes  Primus,  Sterneo-hyoideus. 

HYOIDEUS,  Hyoides. 

HYOIDIS  QUARTUS  MUSCULUS,  Omo- 
hyoideus. 

HYOSCY'AMUS,  from  'ut,  'a  swine,'  and 
Kvaiios,  '  a  bean.'  Faha  suil'la,  Bengi,  Jnsqui'a- 
mus,  Hyoscyctmiis  ni<jer  seu  agres'tis,  ApoUina'- 
ris,  Alter' own,  Ag'one,  Altercan'genon,  Henbane, 
Poison  Tohac'co,  StinJcing  nightshade,  (F.)  Jus- 
quiaume,  Feve  a  Cochon,  Hnnuehane,  Potelee,  Por- 
celef.  Old.  Solanaceae.  The  leaves,  Hyoscy'ami 
Fo'lia  (Ph.  U.  S.),  and  seeds,  Hyoscy'ami  Semen 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  are  the  parts  used  in  medicine. 
Their  odour  is  narcotic  and  peculiar;  taste  in- 
sipid and  mucilaginous.  The  virtues  are  yielded 
to  proof  spirit.  Hyoscyamus  is  narcotic,  ano- 
dyne, antispasmodic,  and  slightly  stimulant.  It 
is  used  as  a  substitute  for  opium,  where  the  latter 
disagrees;  and  is  applied,  externally,  as  a  cata- 
plasm in  cancer  and  glandular  swellings.  Dose, 
gr.  iij  to  X  of  the  powder.  An  alkaloid  was  ob- 
tained from  it  by  Brandes,  Hyoscyamine,  Jiis- 
qaiamine. 

Hyorcyamus  Agrestis,  Hyoscyamus. 

Hyoscyamus  Albus,  White  Henbane,  possesses 
similar  virtues. 

Hyoscyamus  Luteus,  Nicotiana  rustica — h. 
Niger,  Hyoscyamus  —  h.  Peruvianus,  Nicotiana 
tabacum. 

Hyoscyamus  Scovo'i,TA,ScopoIi'na  atropoV des. 
The  herb  and  root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  in 
Illyria,  Hungarj',  Croatia,  Gallizia,  and  Bavaria, 
are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  belladonna.  Dose 
of  the  powder,  half  a  grain. 

HYPACTICUS,  Cathartic. 

HYP^'MIA,  from  'v-ro,  'beneath,'  and  'aijia, 
'blood;'  Hypom'rnia,  Hypohce'mia,  Oliga'mia, 
Oiigohm'mia,  Ance'inia.  Deficiency  of  blood.  — 
Andral.     Also,  extravasation  of  blood. 

Hyp^.mia  Oculi,  Heemophthalmia. 

HYPAGOGE,  Dejection. 

HYPAGOGUS,  Laxative. 

HYPALEIM'MA,  Hypalim'ma,  Hypale'ip'tum, 
Hypalip'tum,  from  'vira\H<p(i),  '  I  anoint.'  An 
ointment  or  liniment  to  be  rubbed  or  spread  on 
a  part. 

HYPALEIPTRTS,  Hypaleiptrum. 

HYPALEIP'TRON,  Hypaleip'trnw,  Hypaleip- 
tris,  Hypalip'trum,  Specil'linn,  Spiatha.  A  sort 
of  spatula  for  spreading  ointments. — Hippocrates. 

HYPALEIPTRUM,  Hypaleiptron. 

HYPALEIPTUM,  Hypaleimma. 

HYPALIMMA,  Hypaleimma. 

HYPALIPTRUM,  Hypaleiptron. 

HYPAMAURO'SIS,  from  'um.  'under,'  and 
amaurosis ;  Amauro'sis  impierfec' ta.  Iniperfect 
amaurosis ;  Iferamauro'sis. 

HYPANCO'NIUM,  from  'wo,  'beneath,' and 
cy/cojt',  '  the  elbow.'  A  pillow  for  supporting  the 
elbow  in  surgical  cases. 

HYPAPOPLEX'IA,  from  'ttjro,  'under,'  and 
apopJexia.     An  incomplete  attack  of  apoplexy. 

HYPATMISMUS,  Fumigation. 

HYPATMUS,  Fumigation. 

HYPAUCHE'NIUM,  from  'viro,  'under,'  and 
av^iv,  '  the  neck.'  A  pillow  or  cushion  for  the 
neck. 

HYPECCHORESIS,  Dejection. 

HYPECCHORETICUS,  Laxative. 

HYPELATUS,  Cathartic,  Laxative. 

HYPENANTIOMA,  Allopathy. 

HYPENANTIOSIS,  Allopathy. 

HYPE'NE,  'uTtrivir.  The  beard  which  grows 
under  the  chin,  according  to  some.  Also,  the 
upper  lip. — Vesalius.     See  Mystax. 


HYPENETES,  Adolescens. 

HYPER,  'v-mp,  'above,'  'in  excess.'     Hence: 

HYPERACU'SIS,  Omjecoi'a,  Hyper ac'oe, 
Phthongodyspho' via, 'vc^m.  hyper,  and  axo);,  'au- 
dition.' Excessive  sensibility  of  the  organ  of 
hearing. 

HYPERADENO'SIS,  Hyper adeno' ma,  Hyper- 
troph'ia  glandula'rum,  from  hyper,  and  airjv,  'a 
gland.'     Hj'pertrophy  of  a  gland. 

HYPERjE'MIA,  Hyperhm'mia,  Hmmorme' sis, 
(F.)  Hyperemie,  Angiohemie,{rom  hyper,  and  'aif^a, 
'  blood.'  Preternatural  accumulation  of  blood  in 
the  capillary  vessels,  more  especially  local  ple- 
thora— pletho'ra  partia'lis ;  congestion. — Andral. 
Various  forms  of  hyperasmia  are  admitted  by  pa- 
thologists,—  for  example,  the  active  or  sthenic; 
as  in  the  phlegmasite, — the  asthenic  or  passive, 
from  weakness  of  vessels;  the  cadaveric,  or  that 
which  forms  immediately  before  or  after  death  ; 
and  the  hypiostatic,  which  occurs  in  depending 
parts. 

Hyperemia  AsDOAriNis,  Coelifemia — h.  Aetiva, 
Inflammation — h.  Capitis,  Cephalcemia — h.  of  the 
Brain,  Stethaemia — h.  Cerebri,  Cephalaemia — h. 
Pectoris,  Stethsemia — h.  Pulmonum,  Stethsemia 
—  h.  of  the  Lungs,  Stethsemia  —  h.  Hepatic,  He- 
patohaemia. 

HYPER^'MIC,  Hypera' miens,  Hyperce'mial, 
Conqes'ted,  Bloodshot.     Affected  with  hyperajmia. 

HYPERESTHESIA,  Hyperajsthesis— h.  Lin- 
gu£e,  Hypergeustia — h.  Olfactoria,  Hyperosphre- 
sia — h.  Plexus  cardiac),  Angina  pectoris. 

HYPERESTHE'SIS,  Hypercesthce'sia,  Oxy. 
(zsthe'sia,  (F.)  Hypieresthesie,  from  hyper,  and 
ai(r5);(ris-,  'the  faculty  of  feeling.'  Excessive  sen- 
sibility, impressibility,  or  passibility. 

HYPERESTHET'ICA,  same  etymon.  Agents 
that  are  conceived  to  augment  general  sensibility 
— as  strychnia,  brucia,  &c.     Pereira. 

HYPERANARRHOPHE'SIS,  from  hyper,  and 
avappo(p>]atg,  '  absorption.'     Excessive  absorption. 

HYPERANTHERA  MORINGA,  Guilandina 
moringa. 

HYPERANTHRAXIS,  see  Cholera. 

HYPERAPH'IA,  Oxya2)h'e,  Oxynph'ia,  from 
hyper,  and  'aipri,  '  touch.'  Excessive  acuteness 
of  touch. 

HYPERAPHRODIS'IA.from  hyper,  and  A^oa  • 
liTTi,  'Venus.'     Excessive  venereal  desire. 

HYPER ASTHENI'A,  from%;e>-,  and  aaQtytia- 
'weakness.'     Excessive  debility. 

HYPERAUXE'SIS,  from  h'yper,  and   avi,r,'n%r 
'  augmentation.'     Hyperepid'osis.     Excessive  in 
crease  or  enlargement  of  a  part,  as  Hyperanxe' sir 
I'ridis,  an  excessive  enlargement  of  the  iris,  so 
as  to  stop  up  the  pupil. 

HYPERBOL'IC  [attitude),  from  hyper,  and 
/SaAAo),  'I  throw.'  'Excessive.'  Galen,  by  this 
term,  designates  certain  extraordinary  attitudes, 
in  which  the  limbs  and  vertebral  column  are  in  n. 
state  of  complete  extension  or  flexion. 

HYPERBO'REAN,  from  hyi^er,  and  Pcpea?, 
'the  north  wind.'  A  race  of  men  found  at  the 
extreme  north  of  the  two  continents,  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  polar  circle.  It  includes  the  Thibetans, 
Ostiaks,  Kamtschadales,  Laplanders,  Samoiedes, 
Esquimaux,  <fec. 

HYPERBU'LIA,  from  hyper,  and Pov>^r,,  'will.' 
Ungovernable  will  or  volition. 

HYPERCARDIA,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA,  Heart,  hypertro- 
phy of  the. 

HYPERCATAPINO'SIS,  from  hyper,  and  Kara- 
■Kivuv,  '  to  sip  up.'  Excessive  activity  of  absorp- 
tion. 

HYPERCATHAR'SIS,  Hyperine'ein,  Hyperi 
nos,  Superpurga'tio,  Effrenita'tio,  from  hyper, 
and  Ka^apaii,  'purgation.'     Superpurgation. 

HYPERCENO'SIS,  from   hy^^er,   and  Ktvucn, 


HYPERCERASIS 


480 


HYPERNEURIA 


'evacuation.'  Excessive  evacuation,  as  of  blood, 
bile,  &c. 

HYPERCEKASIS.  Staphyloma  of  the  cornea. 

HYPERCEP.ATOSIS,  Staphyloma  of  the  cor- 
nea. 

HYPERCHOLIA,  Polycholia. 

HYPERCHP.O'MA,  from  hi/jjer,  and  XP'^f"^' 
'colour.'  A  red  fleshy  excrescence  at  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye,  near  the  caruncula  lacrymalis, 
■which  sometimes  grows  very  large,  so  as  to  sepa- 
rate the  eyelids  and  interfere  with  their  move- 
ments. 

HYPERCHROMATOPS'IA,  Hyperchroma- 
top'sy,  from  liyper,  ■)^p<i)fia,  ^f/iafjiarog,  'colour,'  and 
«i//£f,  '  vision.'  A  defect  of  vision,  owing  to  which 
ideas  of  colour  are  attached  to  objects,  which 
convey  no  such  coloured  impressions  to  a  healthy 
eye.     It  is  the  antithesis  to  achromatopsia, 

HYPERCINE'SIA,  HyiKrcine'sis,  from  h'yper, 
and  KivrjQii  [Kivm,  '1  move,')  'motion.  Excessive 
motion.'  Under  the  term  Jii/percinesis,  Romberg 
includes  the  spasmodic  neuroses. 

HypERciNESiA  Nervosa,  see  Irritable  —  h. 
Uterina,  Hysteria.. 

HYPERCINESIS  GASTRICA,  Hypochondri- 
asis. 

HYPERCONJONCTTVTTE,  see  Ophthalmia. 

HYPERCORYPHO'SIS,  from  hyper,  and 
Kopvipn,  'the  vertex;'  the  extreme  point  of  any- 
thing. The  lobes  of  the  liver  and  lungs.  —  Hip- 
pocrates. 

HYPERCRIN'IA,  Hijperdiac'rish,  Chymoze'- 
mia,  from  hyjjer,  and  Kpivw,  'I  separate.'  A 
morbid  increase  in  the  quantity  of  the  secre- 
tions. 

HYPER'CRISIS,  same  etymon.  Superexcre'- 
tio,  Superevacua'tio.  An  excessive  crisis,  or  eva- 
cuation ;  a  flux.  —  A  very  violent,  critical  effort, 
or  too  copious  critical  evacuations.' — Galen. 

HYPERCYEMA,  Superfoetation. 

HYPERCYESIS,  Superfoetation. 

HYPERDERMATO'SIS,  Hyperdermato'ma, 
Hyperdermo'sis,  Hyperdcrmo' ma,  from  hyper,  a,ud 
Sspfia,  'skin.'     Hypertrophy  of  the  skin. 

HYPERDIACRISIS,  Hypercrinia. 

HYPERDIURESIS,  Diabetes. 

HYPERDYNAMIA,  Hvpersthenia. 

HYPERDYNAM'IC,  Hyperdynam'icns,  from 
hyper,  and  Swain;,  '  strength.'  Appertaining  to 
or  having  the  characters  of  hyperdynamia,  or 
excessive  strength — of  the  vital  powers  more  es- 
pecially. 

HYPERECHEMA,  see  Exaggerated. 

HYPERECHESIS,  see  Exaggerated. 

HYPEREM'ESIS,  Hyperemes'ia,  Vom'itus 
profu'sus;  from  hyper,  and  s/zeoi,  'I  vomit.'  Ex- 
cessive vomiting. 

HYPEREMIE,  Hyperaemia — h.  du  Cerveau, 
Cephalohsemia  —  h.  Gerebrale,  Cephalohsemia  — 
h.  du  Foie,  Hepatohsemia  —  h.  de  la  Moelle  epi- 
niere,  Hypermyelohajmia  —  h.  dea  Poumons,  Ste- 
thcemia.  ^ 

HYPERENCEPHALOTROPHIE ;  from 
hyper,  tyKi<pa\ov,  'the  encephalon,'  and  rpoipri, 
'  nourishment.'  Hypertrophy  of  the  encephalon. 
— Piorry. 

HYPERENCEPH'ALUS,(F.)i7yijerewe^^^aZe, 
from  hyper,  and  KtipaXij,  'the  head.'  A  monster 
whose  excessive  brain  is  situate  in  the  skull, 

HYPERENDOSMOSE,  Inflammation. 

HYPERENERGI'A,  from  hyper,  and  svtpyua, 
'  activity.'  Excessive  activity,  as  of  the  nervous 
system. 

HYPEREPHIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPEREPIDOSIS,  Hyperauxesis. 

HYPERERETHIS'IA.from  hyper,  and  tftQi^w, 
'  I  excite.'     Excessive  irritability. 

HYPERES'IA,   'vncptaia,  'a  ministry.'     This 


word  is  sometimes  applied  to  the  organs  : — when 
it  means  function. 

HYPERESTHESIE,  Hypertesthesis. 

HYPERETRIA,  Midwife. 

HYPERFIBRINATION,  Hyperinosis. 

HYPERGEN'ESIS,  from  hyper,  and  yzvsaiu 
'  generation,' {¥.)  Hypergenesie.  The  excess  of 
formative  power,  which  gives  occasion  to  mon- 
strosities by  excess  of  parts.     See  Monster. 

HYPERGEUS'TIA,  Bypergeu'sis,  Ilypercss- 
the'sia  lingua,  Oxygeu'sia,  from  hyi^er,  and  ytvu- 
Tis,  '  taste.'  Excessive  sensibility  of  the  organ 
of  taste. 

HYPERH^MATOSIS,  Inflammation. 

HYPERHjEMIA,  Hypereemia. 

HYPERHEPATOTROPHIE,  Hepatauxe. 

HYPERHIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPERHO'RA,  from  hyp)er,  and  'upa,  'time.' 
Premature  development  of  the  body,  or  of  some 
part. 

HYPERI'CUM  BACCIF'ERUM,  Arhus'cula 
gummif'era  Brazilien'sis,  Caa-opia.  Ord.  Hy- 
pericaoeae.  A  Brazilian  tree,  whose  bark  emits 
a  juice,  when  wounded,  which  resembles  gamboge. 
Hypericum  is  considered  by  Linnaeus  to  be  de- 
rived from  '  vntp,  'over,'  and  uku)v,  'an  image  or 
spectre;'  from  its  having  been  fancied  to  possess 
the  power  of  driving  away  evil  spirits. 

Hypericum  Officinale,  H.  perforatum  —  h. 
Oflacinarum,  H.  perforatum. 

Hypericum  Pep.fora'tum,  Hypericum,  H.  offi- 
cina'le  seu  officina'rum  seu  vulga're  seu  Virgin'i- 
cum,  Fuga  Bw'monum,  AndroncB'mnm,  Co'rion, 
Per' f orated  or  Common  St.  John's  Wort,  (E.)  31il- 
lepertuis  ordinaire.  It  is  aromatic  and  astrin- 
gent, and  enters  into  a  number  of  aromatic  pre- 
parations; and,  amongst  others,  into  the  Fall- 
trancks.  It  was,  at  one  time,  much  used  in  dys- 
entery, hemorrhages,  &c.  The  juice  is  acrid. 
The  Oil  of  St.  John's  Wort,  Ped  oil,  Linimen'tum 
seu  O'leum  hyperi'ci,  Bal'samum  hyperici  sim'plex, 
is  made  by  infusing  §iv.  of  the  flowers  in  a  quart 
of  olive  oil.     It  is  applied  to  recent  bruises. 

Hypericum  Saro'thra,  Orange  grass,  Pine- 
weed,  indigenous,  is  applied  in  domestic  prac- 
tice, boiled,  to  contusions  and  sprains. 

Hypericum  Virginicum,  H.  perforatum  —  h. 
Vulgare,  H.  perforatum. 

HYPERIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPERINESIS,  Hypercatharsis. 

HYPERINOS,  Hypercatharsis. 

HYPERINO'SIS,  Ino'sis,  Hyperplas'ma,  from 
hypier,  and  ij,  ivos,  'fibre.'  The  condition  of  the 
blood  in  which  it  contains  an  increase  in  the  pro- 
portion of  fibrin,  Hypier-fibrina' tion,  Super-fihri- 
nafion,  a  decrease  of  the  corpuscles  in  proportion 
to  the  excess  of  fibrin,  and  an  increase  of  the 
fat,  —  as  in  inflammation.  In  proportion  to  the 
increase  of  the  fibrin  and  fat,  and  the  decrease 
of  the  corpuscles,  the  whole  solid  residue  will  be 
diminished.  Also,  morbidly-increased  muscular 
activity. — Siebenhaar. 

HYPERLYMPH'IA,  (F.)  Hyperlym2)liie ,•  from 
hyper  and  lympha.  Excessive  formation  or  ac- 
cumulation of  lymph. 

HYPERMETR0HE3IIE,  Metrohfemia. 

HYPERMNE'SIA,  from  hyper,  and  ixvaofxai, 
'  I  recollect.'     Excessive  memory. 

HYPERMYELOH^'MIA,  (F.)  Hyperemie 
de  la  Ifoelle  Epiniere,  Congestion  sanguine  rachi- 
dienne,  from  hyper,  p'tXas,  '  marrow,'  and  'at/ia, 
'  blood.'    Hypersemia  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

HYPERNEPHROTROPHIE,  from  hyper, 
vt(ppos,  'kidney,'  and  Tpo^S)?,  'nourishment.'  Hy- 
pertrophy of  the  kidney. 

HYPERNEU'RIA,  from  h.yper,  and  vivpov,  'a 
nerve.'     Excessive  nervous  activity. 


HYPERNEUROMA 


481 


HYPNONERGIA 


HYPERNEURO'MA,  same  etymon.  Morbid 
development  of  the  neurine  or  nervous  masses. 

H  Y  P  E  R  0  -  PHARYNGEUS,  Palato-pharyn- 
geus. 

HYPERO'A,  from  hyper,  and  wov,  'a  high 
place.'  The  palatine  arch, — the  base  of  the  cra- 
nium ;  the  palate. 

HYPEROi'TIS,  Inflamma'iio  pala'ti,  Angi'na 
Palati'na,  (F.)  Inflammation  du  Palais  ;  from  hy- 
peroa,  'the  palate,'  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  the  velum  palati. 

HYPEROOCHAS'MA,  from  'unrpua,  'the  pa- 
late,' and  x'^aixa,  'an  opening;'  Lycost'oma,  Pa- 
la' turn  fissum.     Fissure  of  the  palate. 

HYPEROPSIA,  Oxyopia. 

HYPEROS,  Pilum. 

HYPEROSMIA,  Hyperosphresia. 

HYPEROSPHRE'SIA,  Hyperos'mia,  JJyper- 
cesthe'siaol facto' via,  Ol/ac'tus  acu'tus,  from  hyper, 
and  oaipprjai;,  'smell.'  Excessive  acuteness  of 
smell. 

HYPEROSTOSIS,  Exostosis. 

HYPERPATHI'A,  from  hyper,  and  7^605,  'suf- 
fering.'    Excessive  sensibility  in  disease. 

HYPERPHLEBO'SIS,  from  hyper,  and  (p\e^, 
'a  vein.'  Too  great  development  of  the  venous 
system;  predominant  venosity. 

HYPERPHLEGMASIA,  Hyperphlogosis. 

IIYPERPHLOGO'SIS,  Epiphlogo'sia,  Hyper- 
phlegma'sia,  Inflnmma'tio  peracu'ta ;  from  hyper, 
and  ^Xoya)(Tif,  'inflammation.'  A  high  degree 
of  inflammation. 

HYPERPHRENIE,  Mania. 

HYPERPIMELE,  see  Polysarcia. 

HYPERPLASMA,  Ilyperinosis. 

HYPERPLEXIE,  Ecstasis. 

HYPERPXRUSTIA,  Flatulence. 

IIYPERPRESBYTIA,  Presbytia. 

IIYPERSARCHIDIOS,  Physconia. 

HYPERSARCO'MA,  Hypersarco'sis,  Hyper- 
sarx'is,  from  hyper,  and  aap^, '  flesh.'  A  soft  fun- 
gous excrescence,  especially  such  as  appears 
upon  ulcerated  parts.— A  fungosity. 

HYPERSARCOSLS,  Excrescence,  Fungosity, 
— h.  Cordis,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

HYPERSARXIS,  Hypersarcoma. 

HYPERSPADIAS,  Epispadias. 

HYPERSPASMIA,  Convulsion. 

HYPERSPLENOTROPHIE,  Splenoncus. 

HYPERSPONGIA,  Spina  ventosa. 

HYPERSTHENI'A,  Hyperdyna'mia,  Hyper- 
zoodyna' niia,  Status  iv^flammato'rius  veriis  ;  from 
hyper,  and  (rOevog,  'strength.'  Super-excitement. 
A  morbid  condition,  characterized  by  over-excite- 
ment of  nil  the  vital  phenomena. 

HYPERSTHENIC,  Stimulant. 

HYPERSTMENICUS,  Active,  Stimulant. 

HYPERTON'IA,  hyper,  and  rovo;.  'tone.' 
Excess  of  tone  in  parts.     It  is  opposed  to  atony. 

HYPERTRICHO'SIS  ;  from  hyper,  and  dpt^, 
rpixo^!  '  hair.'     Excessive  production  of  hair. 

HYPERTROPH^'MIA,  from  hyper,  rpo^r,, 
'nourishment,'  and  'atna,  'blood.'  A  state  in 
which   the  plastic  powers  of  the  blood  are  in- 

Cr6(lSGCl. 

HYPERTROPIIIA,  Hypertrophy— h.  Cerebri, 
Phrenauxe  —  h.  Cordis,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of 
the  —  h.  Glandularum,  Hyperadenosis  —  h.  He- 
patis,  Hepatauxe  —  h.  Intestinorum,  Enterhy- 
pertrophia  —  h.  Lienis,  Splenoncus  —  h.  Splenis, 
Splenoncus  —  h.  Uteri,  Metrauxe  —  h.  Unguium, 
Onych;iuxe — h.  Vesicas  urinarise,  Cystauxe. 

llYPERTROPHIiE,  see  Hypertrophy. 

HYPERTROPHIE  DU  CGEUR.  Heart,  hy- 
pertrophy of  the — h.  Centripete  dn   Coeur,  Heart, 


hypertrophy  of  the  —  h.  Concentriqiie  du  Caur, 
Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the- — h.  du  Foie,  Hepa- 
tauxe—  h.  de  lit  Rate,  Splenoncus — h.  du  Corps 
Thyro'ide,  Bronehoeele. 

IIYPERTROPHIED,  see  Hypertrophy. 

BYPERTROPHIEN,  see  Hypertrophy. 

HYPERTROPHOUS,  see  Hypertrophy. 

HY'PERTROPHY,  Hypertroph'ia,  from  hyper, 
and  Tpo(^r),  'nourishment.'  The  state  of  a  part 
in  which  the  nutrition  is  performed  with  greater 
activity;  and  which,  on  that  account,  at  length 
acquires  unusual  bulk.  The  part  thus  afi"ected  is 
said  to  be  hyper'tropjhied  or  hyper' tropihous. 
HypertropihicB  is  used  by  Neligan,  as  Hyper- 
trophien  is  by  Simon,  for  an  order  of  cutaneous 
diseases,  characterized  by  hypertrophy  of  the 
derma,  or  epidermis,  or  both,  or  of  the  hair  fol- 
licles. 

HYPERURESIS,  Enuresis  — h.  Aquosa,  Dia- 
betes. 

HYPERURORRHEE,  Diabetes—^.  Saccha- 
ri»e.  Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

HYPERZOODYNAMIA,  Hypersthenia. 

HYPEX'ODOS,  'vTre^oios,  from  'uto,  'beneath,' 
and  c^oSos,  'passing  out.'  An  alvine  discharge 
or  flux. — Hippocrates. 

HYPEZOCUS,  Diaphragm,  Pleura.  See  Hy- 
pozoma. 

HYPHA,  Texture. 

HYPH.EMA,  Ecchvraoma. 

HYPH^MATO'SIS,  HypohcEmato'sis,  from 
'v-xo,  'under,'  and  'ui/jaruaij,  'sanguification.' 
Morbidly  diminished  haimatosis. — Sanguifica'tio 
dehil'ior. 

HYPH.EMOS,  Subcruentus. 

HYPHE,  Texture. 

HYPHYDROS,  Hydropic. 

HYPINO'SIS,  Hypoplas'ma,  from  'vrrn,  'un- 
der,' and  If,  ivog,  'fibre.'  The  condition  of  the 
blood  in  which  the  quantity  of  fibrin  is  frequently 
less  than  in  health,  or  if  it  amounts  to  the  usual 
quantity,  its  proportion  to  the  blood  corpuscles 
is  less  than  in  health  :  the  quantity  of  corpuscles 
is  either  absolutely  increased  or  their  proportion 
to  the  fibrin  is  larger  than  in  healthy  blood ;  the 
quantity  of  solid  constituents  is  also  frequentl.y 
larger  than  in  health.  Such  is  the  condition  of 
the  blood  in  fevers,  hemorrhages,  and  polyaemia. 
— vSimon. 

HYPN^STHESIS,  Somnolency. 

HYPNAGO'GIC,  Hypnago'gicus,  from  'vttvoj, 
'  sleep,'  and  ayoiyos,  '  a  leader.'    Leading  to  sleep. 

Hypnagogic  hallucinations  are  those  visions 
which  occur  when  we  are  half  asleep. 

HYPNIA'TER,  (F.)  Hypniatre,  from  'vrvog, 
'sleep,'  and  larpog,  'a  ph3'sician.'  A  name  given 
to  deluded  or  designing  persons  who  have  affirmed 
that  they  were  able,  during  their  '  magnetic  sleep,' 
to  diagnosticate  disease  and  its  appropriate  treat- 
ment. 

HYPNIC,  Hyp'nicns,  from  'vtvos,  'sleep.'  An 
agent  that  affects  sleep. — Pereira. 

HYPNOBADES,  Somnambulist. 

HYPNOBADISIS,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOBATASIS,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOBATES,  Somnambulist. 

HYPNOBATESIS,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOBATIA,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNO'DES, 'uTTvu^j/j,  from  'v-rro,  'under,' and 
'vTTvos,  '  sleep.'  One  in  a  state  of  slumber  or  som- 
nolency. 

HYPNODIA,  Somnolency. 

HYPNOLOG"ICA,  Hypnolog"iee.  The  part 
of  hygiene  which  treats  of  sleep. 

HYPNOL'OGY,  Bypnolog"ia,  from  'uttw,  and 
\oyoi,  'a  discourse.'  Same  etymon.  A  treatise 
on  sleep.     The  doctrine  of  sleep. 

HYPNONERGIA,  Somnambulism. 


HYPNOPHOBIA 


482 


HYPOGASTRIC 


HYPNOPHOB'IA,  from    'u-vo?,    'sleep,'    and 
ioiSog.  '  dread.'     Dread  of  sleep.     Incubus. 
IIYPXOPGEUS,  Somniferous. 
HYPNOS,  Sleep. 

IIYPNO'SIS,  from  'vtzvo;,  'sleep.'     The  super- 
vention or  production  of  sleep. 

Hypnosis  BioirAGNETiCA,  Sleep,  magnetic. 
HYPNOTIC,  Somniferous. 
HYPNOTISM,  see  Magnetism,  animal. 
HYPNOTIZED,  see  Mesmerized. 
HYPO,  'vTTo,  'sub,'  'under,'  in  composition. 
Hypo,  Hypochondriasis. 
HYP0.E'MA,  Eechymoma. 
HYPOXEMIA,  Eechymoma,  Hypasmia. 
HYPOBLEPH'ARUM,  from  'vtto,  'under,' and 
8\i<^>aijov,  'eyelid.'      Tumefaction    under  one    or 
both  eyelids.     Also,  an  artificial  eye,  placed  un- 
der the  eyelids. 

HYPOCAPNISMA,  Suffiraentum. 
HYPOCAPNISMUS,  Fumigation. 
HYPOCARO'DES,    Subsopora'tu-s,  from    'v-o, 
'under,'  and  Kaf.oi,  'a  heavy  sleep.'     One  who  is 
in  a  state  approaching  carus. — Hippocrates. 

HYPOCATHAR'SIS,  from  'v~o,  'under,' and 
Ka&apaig,  '  purgation.'  Too  feeble  purgation.  A 
■word  opposed  to  hypercatharsis. 
HYPOCATHARTICUS,  Laxative. 
HYPOCAUS'TUM,  from  'vrro,  'under,'  and 
(caiu,  'I  burn.'  A  name  given  to  a  stove,  or  any 
such  contrivance,  to  sweat  in.  Also,  a  furnace 
in  any  subterraneous  place,  used  for  heating 
baths  : — 'vTTOKavarov,  Balnea' riurii,   Vapora' riiim. 

HYPOCEPHAL^'UM,  from  'uro,  'under,'  and 
Ke(paXri,  'head.'     A  pillow  for  the  head. 

HYPOCERCHA'LEON,  from  'o-o,  and  Ktf- 
■^aX^og,  'hoarse.'  Roughness  of  the  fauces  affect- 
ing the  voice. — Hippocrates. 

HYPOCHLORETUM  SULPHUROSDM,  Sul- 
phur, chloride  of. 

HYPOCHLOROM'ELAS,  suh-pal'lide  ni'jn- 
ccins,  from  'o-o,  •y^^Xapog,  'green,'  and  /teXag,  'black.' 
A  term  applied  to  one  whose  skin  is  pale,  with  a 
blackish  hue. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 
HYPOCHOILION,  Abdomen. 
HY'POCHONDRE,  Hypochon'dnum,  Subcar- 
tilagin'euvi,  Ite'gio  Hypochonch-i' aca,  Hypochou' - 
driaa  Region,  from  'viro,  'under,'  and  y^ar&poq,  'a 
cartilage.'  Each  lateral  and  superior  region  of 
the  abdomen  is  so  called,  because  it  is  bounded 
by  the  cartilaginous  margin  of  the  false  ribs, 
which  forms  the  base  of  the  chest.  There  is  a 
right  and  a  left  hvpochondrium. 

HYPOCHON'DRIAC,  Bypochondri'acus,  Hy- 
pochondri' acal,  Va'poury,  Va' pourish,  (F.)  Hypo- 
chondriaque.  Same  etymon.  Belonging  to  hy- 
pochondriasis. One  labouring  under  hypochon- 
driasis— hipped. 

HYPOCHONDRIACISMUS,Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHONDRIALGIA,  Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHONDRIAQUE,  Hypochondriac. 
HYPOCHONDRI'ASIS.  Same  etymon.  AW- 
sia  seu  Hollucina'tio  hypoehondrinsis,  Morbus 
Jiypochondri' acns  seu  Resiccato'rius  seu  Ructuo'- 
sjts,  JJdlum  hypochond ri' aeum,  Hypochondriacis' - 
mus,  ffypochondricis'mus,  Dysp)ep'sia  hypochon- 
driasis, Pas'sio  seu  Affec'tio  hypochondri'aea, 
Aiiathymi'asis,  Hypercine'sis  gastrica,  Splenes, 
Melanchol'ia  nervea  seu  Jiatuo'sa  seu  hypochon- 
d^ri'aca,  Snffoca'tio  hypochondri'aea.  Morbus 
fiatuo'sus  seu  erudito'rum,  Fames  ventric'nli,  Hy- 
pochondrism,  Hypo,  Hip,  Spleen,  Vajjours  English, 
3falady,  Low  Spirits,  (F.)  Hypnchondrie,  3faladie 
imaginaire  ou  Anglaise,  Affection  vaporense,  Va- 
peurs.  This  disease  is  probably  so  called,  from 
the  circumstance  of  some  hypochondriacs  having 
felt  an  uneasy  sensation  in  the  hypochondriac 
regions.  The  disease  seems  really  to  be,  as  Pinel 
has  classed  it,  a  species  of  neurosis,  and  of  mental 
alienation,  which  is  observed  in  persons  who  in 


other  respects  are  of  sound  judgment,  but  who 
reason  erroneously  on  whatever  concerns  their 
own  health.  Hypochondriasis  is  characterized  by 
disordered  digestion,  without  fever  or  local  lesion  ; 
flatulence  ;  borborygmi ;  extreme  increase  of  sen- 
sibility; palpitations;  illusions  of  the  senses;  a 
succession  of  morbid  feelings,  which  appear  to 
simulate  the  greater  part  of  diseases  ;  panics  : 
exaggerated  uneasiness  of  various  kinds  ;  chiefly 
in  what  regards  the  health,  &c.  Indigestion  has 
usually  been  considered  the  cause  of  hj-pocbon- 
driasis.  They  are,  unquestionably,  much  con- 
nected with  each  other :  but  there  is  every  reason 
to  believe,  that  the  seat  of  the  affection  is  really, 
though  functionally,  in  the  brain.  The  disease 
almost  always  appears  at  the  adult  age,  most 
commonly  in  irritable  individuals ;  and  in  those 
exhausted,  or  rather  in  the  habit  of  being  ex- 
hausted by  mental  labour,  overwhelmed  with 
domestic  or  public  affairs,  &c. 

The  treatment  is  almost  entirely  moral.  The 
condition  of  the  digestive  function  must,  however, 
be  accurately  attended  to. 

HYPOCHONDRICISMUS,  Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHONDRISM,  Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHOREMA,  Excrement. 
HYPOCHORESIS,  Dejection,  Defecation,  Ex- 
crement. 

HYPOCHORETICUS,  Cathartic. 
HYPOCHYMA,  Cataract. 
!      HYPOCHYROSIS.  Baryecoia. 
I      HYPOCHYSIS  H^^MATODES,  Hsemophthal- 
!  mia. 

irrPOCISTIS,  Cvtinus. 

HYPOCLEP'TICUM,    from    '«-o,    'beneath,' 
and  (cXetttci),  'I   steal.'      A  chymical  vessel,  for- 
merly used  for  separating  oil  from  water. 
HYPOC(ELIS,  Palpebra  inferior. 
HYPOCGELIUM,  Abdomen. 
HYPOC(ELUM,    Hypocoilon,    Palpebra    infe- 
rior. 

HYP0C0I'L0N,.%;)occB7on,  Hypocce'lum,  Hy- 
jjnc'ylum,  from  'v-o,  'under,'  and  koi\ov,  'a  ca- 
vity.' A  cavity  situate  under  the  lower  eyelid. 
The  lower  eyelid  itself. 

HYPOCOPHOSIS,  Baryecoia,  Deafness. 
HYPOCRA'NIUM  (Aposrr.jrA),  from  'vtto,  'un- 
der,' and  Kpaviov,  'the  cranium.'     A  collection  of 
pus  between  the  cranium  and  dura  mater. 
HYPOCRATES,  Infirm. 

HYPOCYLUM,  Hypocoilon,  Palpebra  inferior. 
HYPOCYSTEOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 
HYPODERIS,  Epideri.«. 

HYPODERMAT'OMY,ir)//3orfer»7n?om'i"a,from 
'vJTo,  'under,'  Sepfia,  'the  skin,' and  TOfin,  'inci- 
sion.' The  section  of  subcutaneous  parts-,  as  of 
tendons  and  muscles. 

HYPODER'MIC,  Hy pod er' miens,  (F.)  Hypo- 
denniqiie,  from  'v~o,  'under,'  and  Scp^a,  'skin.' 
That  which  is  under  the  skin,  —  as  'hypodermic 
medication,'  (P.)  Judication  hypodermigue ;  that 
which  consists  in  the  application  of  remedies — as 
morphia — under  the  skin. 

HYFODERMTS,  Clitoris,  Epideris. 
HYPODERRHIS,  Epideris. 
HYPODESMA.  Bandage. 
HYPODYNAMIC,  Adynamic. 
HYPODYN'IA,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and  oiviiv, 
'pain.'     Dolor  mitis  sen  lenis.     A  slight  pain. 
HYPOGALA,  Hypopyon. 
HYPOGASTRAL'GIA,  from  'vzoyaarptov.  'the 
hypogastrium,'  and  aXyog,   'pain.'     Pain  in  the 
hvposastrium. 

'HYPOGAS'TRIC,  Hy2wgns'iricus.  Relating 
or  belonging  to  the  hypogastrium. 

IlYPOG.iSTRic  Artery,  A.  Ili'aca  inter'na,  A. 

'  Ili'aca  poste'rior,  A.  pelvieiine — (Ch.),  is  the  more 

internal  of  the  two  branches  into  which  the  pri- 

j  mary  iliac  divides.     It  descends  into  the  cavity 


HYPOGASTRION 


483 


HYPOPIUM 


of  the  pelvis,  and  gives  off  a  considerable  number 
of  branches,  which  arise,  at  times,  separately;  at 
others,  by  common  truniis.  These  branches  are, 
1.  The  poiiterior,  i.  e.  the  ilio-lumbar  arteries,  la- 
teral, sacral,  and  gluteal.  2.  The  anterior,  i.  e. 
the  umbilical,  vesical,  and  obturator.  3.  The  in- 
teriinl, — the  middle  hemorrhoidal  arteries,  uterine, 
and  vaginal  in  women.  4.  The  inferior,  i.  e.  the 
isehiatic  arteries,  and  internal  pudic. 

Hypogas'tric  Gan'gliox.  A  large  nervous 
ganglion,  described  by  Dr.  Robt.  Lee  as  seated 
on  each  side  of  the  cervi.x  uteri,  immediately  be- 
hind the  ureter;  which  receives  the  greaternum- 
ber  of  the  nerves  of  the  hypogastric  and  sacral 
plexuses,  and  distributes  branches  to  the  uterus, 
vagina,  bladder,  and  rectum. 

Hypogastric  Operatio.v  op  Lithot'ojiy,  (F.) 
Taille  Jiypogaatrique.  The  high  operation,  or 
that  practised  above  the  pubes. 

Hypogastric  Plexus, Pfc.r«s  sonii-mesenterique 
of  Winslow,  is  situate  at  the  lateral  and  posterior 
parts  of  the  rectum  and  the  has  fond  of  the  blad- 
der. It  is  formed  by  the  sacral  nerves  and  the 
inferior  mesenteric  plexus,  and  gives  off  numerous 
filaments,  which  accompany  the  arteries  that  pass 
to  the  rectum  and  genital  organs. 

Hypogastric  Vein  furnishes  nearly  the  same 
branches. 

HYPOGASTRION,  Abdomen,  Hypogastrium. 

HYPOGAS'TRIUM,  Hxipogas'trion,  from  'uiro, 
'under,'  and  yiiarnp,  'the  stomach  or  belly;' 
Etron,  rjTpov,  Venter  imus,  V.  parvus,  Aqualie'- 
ulus,  Sumen,  Biimen  ;  the  lower  part  of  the  ab- 
domen. The  Hypogastric  region,  Re'gio  hypo- 
gas'trica  seu  hypogas'tria,  which  extends  as  high 
as  three  fingers'  breadth  beneath  the  umbilicus, 
is  divided  into  three  secondary  regions  —  one 
mickUe  or  pubic,  and  two  lateral  or  inguinal. 

HYPOGASTROCE'LE,  from  'vtto,  'under,' 
yaarrip,  '  the  Stomach  or  belly,'  and  K17X//,  '  a  tu- 
mour.' Hernia  in  the  hypogastric  region,  occur- 
ring through  the  separated  fibres  of  the  lower 
part  of  the  linea  alba.     See  Hernia,  hvpogastric. 

HYPOGASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'ymus  Syni- 
pJtyoliypogas'trius,  Jschiopa'ges,  from  'uro,  'un- 
der,' yaarnp,  'the  belly,'  and  SiSvixoi,  'a  twin.'  A 
monstrosity  in  which  twins  are  united  by  the 
hypogastrium. — Gurlt. 

HYPOGASTRORIXIS,  Eventration. 

HYPOGLOSSA,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE,  Hypoglossus. 

HYPOGLOSSIA,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGLOSSIADENI'TIS,  from'uTro,  'under,' 
yXoxTcra,  'tongue,'  aSrjv,  'a,  gland,'  and  itis,  deno- 
ting inflammation.  Inflamma' tio  glaiidula'rum 
Bublingua'liam.  Inflammation  of  the  sublingual 
gland. 

HYPOGLOSSIDIA,  Hypoglottides, 

HYPOGLOSSIS,  Hypoglos' sium,  Hypoglott'is, 
HypoglotUia,  from  'vno,  'under,'  and  yAuffcra, 
'tongue.'  The  under  surface  of  the  tongue  ;  any- 
thing under  the  tongue  :  and  hence,  Ranula. 

HYPOGLOSSIUM,  Hypoglossis,  Ranula. 

HYPOGLOSSUM,  Ruscus  hypoglossum,  Ra- 
nula. 

HYPOGLOS'SUS,  from  't,™,  'under,'  and 
yXojo-o-a,  '  the  tongue.'  That  which  is  under  the 
tongue. 

Hypoglossus,  Lingna'Us  Me'diug,Hypogloss'al 
or  Lingual  or  Gus'tatory  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  Hypo- 
glome  ou  Grand  Hypoglosse,  Hypoglossien  (Ch.), 
is  the  nirith  pair  of  nerves,  Par  nonum,  Nervn« 
hypoglossus  seu  loquens,  of  many  anatomists.  It 
arises  by  ten  or  twelve  very  fine  filaments  from 
the  grooves,  which  separate  the  corpora  pyrami- 
dalia  from  the  C.  olivaria;  issues  from  the  cra- 
nium by  the  foramen  condyloideum  anterius;  and 
divides,   near   the   angle   of  the  jaw,  into   two 


branches;  the  one,  Ihe  cervica'lis  descendens  or 
descen'dens  nioni.  It  forms,  with  the  cervical 
plexus,  a  large  anastomotic  arch,  and  furnishes 
branches  to  several  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck. 
The  other,  the  lingual  branch,  is  the  continuation 
of  the  principal  trunk,  and  gives  its  numerous 
filaments  to  the  muscles  of  the  tongue  and  pha- 
rynx. The  ninth  pair  communicates  motion  to 
the  muscles  to  which  it  is  distributed. 

HYPOGLOTTIA,  Hypoglossis,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGLOTT'IDES,  (PILULE,)  Hypoglos'- 
sia,  Hypioglot'tia,  Hypoglos'sa,  Hypoglot'ta,  Hy- 
poglossid'ia,  Pil'uke  suhlingua'les.  Pills  placed 
under  the  tongue  to  dissolve  there. 

HYPOGLOTTIS,  Hypoglossis,  Ranula. 

HYPOGLU'TIS,  from  'vno,  'under,'  and  y\ov- 
TOi,  'the  nates.'  The  lower  and  projecting  part 
of  the  nates. — Gorrjeus. 

HYPOGNATHADEN,  Submaxillary  gland. 

HYPOGlSrATHADENI'TIS,iyy;3o«)-a;«rfe»j7/«, 
from  hypognathaden,  the  submaxillary  gland,  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
submaxillary  gland. 

HYPOH^'MA,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and  ai/ia, 
'blood.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  chambers  of 
the  eye.     It  is  generally  absorbed  in  time. 

HYPOH.EMATOSIS,  Hyphajmatosis. 

HYPOH^MIA,  Hypsemia. 

HYPOLEPSIOMANIA,  Melancholy. 

HYPO'MIA,  from  'vno,  'under,'  and  w/zoj,  'the 
shoulder.'  That  which  lies  under  the  shoulder, 
as  the  axilla, 

HYPOMO'RIA,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and  inapia, 
'folly.'  Slight  imbecility  of  mind,  or  flight 
delirium. 

HYPONARTHECIE,  Hypnnarthe'cia,  from 
'wo,  'under,'  and  vapdrj^,  'a  splint.'  A  term  used 
by  M.  Mayor  for  his  mode  of  treating  fractures 
by  position  only,  —  the  limb  resting  upon  a  pro- 
perly cushioned  board  or  splint. 

HYPONEU'RIA,  from  'vtto,  'under,' and  vtn- 
pov,  'a  nerve.'  Morbidly  diminished  nervous 
energy. 

HYPON'OMOS,  Ulcus  subtus  depas'cens,  from 
'v-Ko,  'under,'  and  vtiiw,  'I  feed.'  A  deep  fistula 
or  ulcer. 

HYPON'YCHON,  from  'i-tto,  'under,'  and  ow^, 
'the  nail.'  Ecchymo'ma  Hyponyclion.  Effusion 
of  blood  under  a  nail. 

HYPOPATHFA,  Subaffec'tin,  from  'vno,  'un- 
der,' and  iraSo^,  'disease.'  A  disease  of  a  slight 
character. 

HYPOPATUS,  Dejectio. 

HYPOPE'DIUM,  from  'utto,  'under,'  and  novs, 
'the  foot.'     A  cataplasm  for  the  sole  of  the  foot. 

HYPOPH'ASIS,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and  (baivw, 
'I  appear.'  The  state  of  the  eyes  in  which  the 
white  only  is  seen  through  the  opening  of  the 
eyelids. — Hippocrates. 

HYPOPHLEGMASIA,  Subinflammatio. 

HYPOPH'ORA,  from  'vno,  'under,'  and  tpcpw, 
'I  carry;'  Ulcus  sinuo'sum  seu  fi.sfulo'sum.  A 
fistulous  ulcer. — Galen.     A  dejection. 

HYPOPHTHALMIA,  Hypopyon. 

HYPOPHTHAL'MION,  from  'vno,  'under,' 
and  o(i)Sa>^pog,  'the  eye.'  That  part  under  the  eye 
where  oedema  generally  commences  in  chronic 
diseases  and  in  cachexia. — Hippocrates. 

HYPOPHYSIS,  Cataract,  Epigone  — h.  Cere- 
bri. Pituitary  gland. 

HYPOP'ITYS  LANUGINO'SA,  from  'vk«, 
'under,'  and  nirvg,  'a  pine  tree,'  from  the  place 
of  its  growth.  American  Pine-sap,  False  Beech- 
drops,  Birds'  Nest.  Indigenous;  flowering  from 
June  to  August.  Order,  Ericaceaj.  Used  as  a 
nervine  in  the  form  of  the  powdered  root. 

HYPO'PIITM,   from   'vno,    'under,'   and    w^, 


HYPOPLASMA 


484 


HYPOUCANNA 


'eye.'     The  part  of  the  face  under  the  eye:  —  a 
black  eye. 

Hypopium  Or,  Mnlas  os. 
HYPOPLASMA,  Hypinosi?. 
HYPOPLAST^'MA.from  'vtto,  'under,'  TrXair- 
TiKos,  '  formative,' and  'ai/ia,  'blood.'    Diminished 
plasticity  of  the  blood. 

HYPOPLEURIUS,  Pleura. 

HYPOPO'DIA,  Snpplanta'Un,  Siippeda'iieci, 
from 'i)i70,  'under,'  and  rous,  'the  foot.'  Reme- 
dies, as  sinapisms,  which  are  applied  under  the 
foot. 

HYPOP'YON,  Hypop'ynm,  IL/popJithal'mia, 
Pyophthal'mia,  Empye'sis  seu  Dictinje'sis  seu  Ah- 
sces'sus  Oc'iili,  Oc'ulus  pnrulen'tns,  Lunell'a,  Hy- 
png'nla,  Hypopywn  lac'teum,  Pyo'sis,  Farop'sis 
StapJiylo'nia  purulentttm  ;  from  'viro,  'under,'  and 
Kvov,  'pus;'  because  the  pus  is  under  the  cornea. 
This  name  has  been  given  to  small  abscesses  be- 
tween the  laminae  of  the  cornea,  as  well  as  to 
different  purulent  collections  in  the  chambers  of 
the  eye;  hence,  some  pathologists  have  distin- 
guished Hypo])'yon  of  the  chambers  from  Hypop'- 
yon  of  the  cor' nea.  In  abscesses  of  the  chambers, 
the  purulent  matter  is  mixed  with  the  aqueous 
humour,  which  it  renders  turbid;  and  is  deposited 
particularly  at  the  lower  part  of  the  eye  :  forming 
behind  the  cornea  a  kind  of  whitish  crescent,  that 
rises  more  or  less  before  the  pupil,  and  closes  it 
entirely  or  in  part.  It  requires  the  use  of  local 
and  general  antiphlogistics,  and  sorbefacients. 
At  times,  it  is  necessary  to  puncture  the  cornea 
and  evacuate  the  pus. 

Hypopion  was  used  by  Galen  to  signify  "an 
effusion  of  blood  under  the  eyelids  and  tunica 
conjunctiva,  or  under  the  lower  eyelid."  — 
Blancard. 

HYPOPYUM  LACTEUM.  Hypopyon. 
HYPORIN'ION,    Hyporrhin'iiim,    from     'vtto, 
'under,'  and  piv,  'the  nose.'     That  part  of  the 
beard  which  grows  beneath  the  nose.     The  mus- 
taches.    Also,  the  upper  lip. 

HYPORRHYSIS,  Defluxion,  Prolapsus. 
HYPOSA'PRUS,  Sitbpiitris,Putres'ceiis.  Grow- 
ing putrid;  slightly  putrid.  Game,  of  various 
kinds,  (F.)  Viandes  faisaiulecs,  is,  at  times,  pre- 
ferred in  an  incipient  state  of  decomposition, 
which  certainly  renders  it  more  digestible. 

HYPOSAR'CA,  from  'vwo,  'under,'  and  aap^, 
'flesh;'  Hyposarcid'inn,  Anasarca.  In  the  Noso- 
logies of  Linnseus  and  CuUen,  it  is  synonymous 
with  Physconia. 

HYPOSARCIDITJS,  Anasarca,  Hyposarca. 
HYPOSARCO'SIS,    from    'vtto,    'under,'    and 
(rapKfoatg,    '  a    fleshy    growth.'      A   small,    fleshy 
growth  : — a  wart. 

HYPOSIAGON,  Maxillary  bone,  inferior. 
IIYPOSIAGONARTHRI'TIS,  from  'vtto,  'un- 
der,' ffiaywi',  'the  jawbone,'  ('lower  jawbone,') 
apGpov,  'a  joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation  ; 
Inflaiama'tio  artic'idi  maxil'Jcs  inferiu'ris.  In- 
flammation of  the  joint  of  the  lower  jaw. 
HYPOSIALADEN,  Submaxillary  gland. 
HYPOSIALADENITIS,  Hypognathadenitis. 
HYPOSPA'DIA,  Hypospadi'asis,  from  'vtto, 
'under,'  and  ciraw,  'I  draw.'  A  malformation,  in 
which  the  canal  of  the  urethra,  instead  of  open- 
ing at  the  apex  of  the  glans,  terminates  at  its 
base,  or  beneath  the  penis,  at  a  greater  or  less 
distance  from  the  symphysis  pubis.  When  the 
orifice  of  the  urethra  is  very  near  the  root  of  the 
penis,  the  scrotum  is  divided,  as  it  were,  into  two 
great  labia;  and  this  malformation  has  often 
been  taken  for  a  case  of  hermaphrodism.  Hypo- 
spadia is  ordinarily  incurable ;  and  an  idea  has 
been  entertained  that  it  is  the  cause  of  impotence. 
It  is  not  exactly  so;  but  it  renders  impregnation 
less  probable. 


HYPOSPA'DIAS,  Hypospadia!' ns,  Eypospad'. 
iciis.  One  affected  with  hj'pospadia. 
HYPOSPADIASIS,  Hypospadia. 
HYPOSPATHIS'MUS,  from  'wo,  'under,'  and 
aTTudiov,  'a  ladle  or  spatula.'  A  surgical  opera- 
tion, with  the  ancients,  in  cases  of  severe  '  de- 
fluxion  to  the  ej'es,'  which  consisted  in  incisions 
made  in  the  scalp  down  to  the  bone,  and  the  in- 
sertion of  an  instrument  called  a  spath'ion  or  hy- 
pospathis'ter  to  enable  the  intermediate  parts  to 
be  divided.  The  precise  character  of  the  opera- 
tion is  not  well  described,  and  it  is  no  longer 
known. — Paulus  of  Mgina. 

HYPOSPATHISTER,  see  Hypospathismus. 
HYPOSPHAG'MA,  from  'vttu,  'under.'  and 
(T^a^u),  'I  kill.'  The  coagulated  blood,  which  is 
collected  when  an  animal  is  killed  and  used  for 
food.  Also,  an  effusion  of  blood,  especially  under 
the  conjunctiva. 

Hyposphagma,  Hasmophthalmia. 
HYPOSTAPHYLE,  Staphyloedema. 
HYPOSTAPHYLITIS,  see  Staphylitis. 
HYPOS'TASIS,  from 'u-o,  'under,' and  cracrig, 
'the  act  of  placing.'     A  morbid  deposition  in  the 
body.     Sediment. 

HYPOSTAT'IC,  Hy postal' icus,  from  'wo,  'un- 
der,' and  craatg,  'stagnation.'  Relating  to  hy- 
postases, sediments  or  depositions. 

Hypostatic  Hypeu^'mia.  A  congestion  of 
blood  in  the  vessels  of  a  part,  caused  by  its  de- 
pending position. 

HYPOSTEMA,  Sediment. 
HYPOSTHENIA,  Debility. 
HYPOSTHENIC,  Contrastimulant. 
HYPOS'TROPHE,  'vT:ocTpo(f,r,,  'change  of  po- 
sition,' from  'vtto,  and  orpEc/Ko,  'I  turn.'     Act  of  a 
patient  turning  himself.    Also,  a  relapse  or  return 
of  a  disease. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

HYPOSTYP'TIC,  Hyposiyp'ticns,  from  'vtto, 
'under,'  and  ctv^h,  'constriction.'  A  feeble 
astringent. 

HYPOSYPH'ILIS,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and 
Syphilis.     A  mild  form  of  syphilis. 

HYPOTH'ENAR,  ;S'»6'OT?a,  from  'vtto.  'under,' 
and  &cvap,  '  the  palm  of  the  hand  or  sole  of  the 
foot.'  Hypothenar  Em'iuence.  The  fleshy  projec- 
tion of  the  palmar  surface  of  the  hand,  which  cor- 
responds with  the  little  finger,  and  is  supported 
by  the  fifth  metacarpal  bone.  This  eminence  is 
formed  of  four  muscles :  the  Pahnaria  hrevis. 
Adductor  seu  Flexor  brevis  minimi  digiti,  and 
Oj>ponens  minimi  digiti.  The  name  Hypothenar 
has  also  been  given  to  different  muscles  of  the 
hand.  The  Hypothenar  minimi  digiti  of  Riolan 
comprehended  the  Abductor,  Flexor  hrevis  and 
Opponcns  minimi  digiti;  and  his  muscle,  Hy- 
p)othenar  pollicis,  corresponded  to  the  Abductor 
and  a  portioii  of  the  Flexor  brevis  ^jo?^ic?'s. 
Winslow  called  the  Adductor  minimi  digiti,  mus- 
cle petit  hypothenar  ou  hypothenar  dii  petit  doigt. 
Hypothenar  Minimi  Digiti,  Flexor  parvus 
minimi  digiti  — h.  Minor  metacarpeus.  Abductor 
minimi  digiti — -h.  Riolani,  Flexor  parvus  minimi 
digiti. 

HYPOTHETON,  Suppository. 
HYPOTHYMIAMA,  Fumigation. 
HYPOTHYMIASIS,  Fumigation. 
HYPO'TIUM,  (Emplastrum ;)  from  '-.ri.   'un- 
der,'and  onf,  'the  ear.'   Empilas'trum  auricula' re ; 
a  plaster  applied  behind  or  under  the  ear. 
HYPOTROPHE,  Relapse. 
HYPOTROPH'IA,    Hypot'rophy,    from    'vtto, 
'under,' and  r/5o0i7,  'nourishment.'     Scanty  nour- 
ishment or  nutrition.     Atrophy. 
HYPOTROPIASMUS,  Relapse. 
HYPOTRYGUS,  Feculent. 
HYPOUCANNA,  Ipecacuanha. 


HYPOUTRION 


485 


HYSTERO-CYSTOCELE 


HYPOUTRION,  Abdomen. 

HYPOXEMIE,  Asphyxia. 

HYPOX'YS  EREC'TA,  Stargrass ;  from  'uro, 
'beneath,'  and  ofi'j,  'sharp,'  because  the  pod  is 
acute  at  the  base  [?]  ;  indigenous;  Order,  Ama- 
ryllidaoese.  The  root  is  eaten,  and  has  been  used 
as  a  vulnerary;  and  in  chronic  ulcers  and  agues. 

HYPOZO'MA,  from  'u-o,  'under,'  and  ^(ovi/«//i, 
'I  bind  round;'  Jlembrana  sticcin'gens.  A  mem- 
brane or  septum,  as  the  mediastinum,  diaphragm, 

HYPPOCRAS,  Claret. 

HYPSELOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 

HYPSILODES,  OS,  Hyoides  os. 

HYPSILOGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 

HYPSONOSUS,  Puna. 

HYPSOPHO'NUS.frora  'vrjog.  'high,'  and  <pu>vv, 
'voice.'     One  who  has  a  clear  high  voice. 

HYPSOSIS,  Sublimation. 

HYPTIASMA.  Supination. 

HYPTIAS'MOS,  from  'virna^w,  'I  lie  with  the 
face  upwards.'  Lying  in  a  supine  posture.  Also, 
inversion  of  the  stomach,  as  in  nausea,  regurgi- 
tation, or  vomiting.^Hippocrates,  Galen. 

HYPU'LUS,  from  'v-o,  and  ovXij,  '  cicatrix.' 
Imperfectly  cicatrized. 

Ulcera  hrjini'la.  Ulcers  healed  at  the  top,  but 
not  at  the  bottom. 

HYRA'CEUM.  A  substance  found  in  the 
Cape  Colony,  which  Thunberg  and  other  travel- 
lers mistook  for  a  kind  of  bitumen  ;  but,  accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Pappe,  it  is  obtained  from  the  urine  of 
the  Klip.das  or  Hijrax  Ccpeiisis,  which,  when 
passed,  is  thick  and  of  a  glutinous  nature.  The 
animal  is  in  the  habit  of  evacuating  the  urine  at 
one  spot,  where  its  aqueous  parts  evaporate  in 
the  sun  —  the  more  tenacious  adhering  to  the 
rock  and  hardening. 

In  smell,  and  medical  properties,  it  most  re- 
sembles castor,  which,  according  to  Dr.  Pappe,  it 
may  replace.  It  is  used  by  the  Cape  farmers  in 
nervous  and  spasmodic  affections. 

HYRAX  CAPEXSIS,  see  Hyraceum. 

HYRTOCHEILIDES,  Labia  pudendi. 

BYSOPE,  Hyssopus. 

HYSSOP,  Hyssopus  — h.  Hedge,  Gratiola  offi- 
cinalis. 

HYSSOPI'TES.  Ancient  name  of  a  wine,  of 
which  hj'ssop  was  the  chief  ingredient,  and  which 
Dioscorides  extolled  in  chronic  inflammation  of 
the  chest.  It  was  regarded  as  diuretic  and  em- 
menagogue. 

HYSSO'PUS,  from  the  Hebr.  Azob,  CaJisi'ala, 
JTt/ssopns  officina'lis,  Covimoii  Ityssop,  (F.)  Hysnpe. 
It  has  been  chiefly  used  as  an  aromatic,  stimu- 
lant, and  pectoral,  in  the  form  of  infusion. 

HYSTERA,  'varz^a,  'varcpn,  'the  uterus.' 
Hence : 

HysTERA,  Secundines. 

HYSTERAL'GIA,  jFTy-sferodi/n'ia,  (F.)  For- 
traiture,  from  'vartpa,  '  the  uterus,'  and  a'Xyog, 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  uterus.  Irritable  uterus,  (F.) 
JSfevralgie  de  I'uterus.  Hippocrates  uses  the  e]pi- 
thet  JIijsterctl'ges,vaT£pa\ytj;,  for  anything  that  ex- 
cites uterine  pain  ;  and,  especially,  [?]  for  vinegar. 

HvsTERALGiA  Catarrhalis,  Metrorrheuma  — 
h.  Galactiea,  Phlegmatia  alba  dolens  —  h.  Lochi- 
alis,  Dyslochia — h.  Rheumatica,  Metrorrheuma. 

HYSTERAPOPNIXIS,  Angone. 

HYSTERATRE'SIA,  Atreiome'tria,  from 
'vdTcpa,  'the  uterus,'  and  arpriTu;,  'imperforate.' 
Imperforation  of  the  os  uteri. 

HYSTERELCO'SIS,  from  'varcpa,  'uterus,'  and 
'sXko?,  'an  ulcer.'  U'teri  exulcera'tio,  V'teri  ulcus. 
Ulceration  of  the  uterus. 

HYSTERELOSIS,  Hysteroloxia. 

HYSTEREMPHYSEMA,  Physometra. 

HYSTE'RIA,  H.  vaga,  Hy8tericis'mus,Hy8teris- 


mits,  Hysterias,  Hysteri'asis,  HyslcropatJii'a,  Tly- 
2}ercine' sia  uteri'na  seu  hyste'ria.  Uteri  adscen'- 
SHs,  Suffoca'tio  liyster'iea  seu  uteri'na  seu  mub'e'- 
rum,  Asthma  xi'teri,  Prtbfoca'tio  matri'cis  seu 
uteri'na,  Syspa'sia  hysteria,  JIfalum  hyster'icun 
seu  hysterico-hyjjochondri'acum.  Vapo'res  uteri'ni, 
Affec'tio  seu  Passio  hyster'ica,  JJorbus  hyster'icus, 
Stravgula'tio  uteri'na  seu  Vuli-<p,  Vapours,  Hys- 
ter'ics.  Hysteric  Jit,  Mother,  (F.)  Hysterie,  Mul 
de  Mere,  Maladie  imaginaire.  Passion  hysteriqtte, 
Suffocation  uterine,  Etranglement,  JEpilepsie  ute- 
rine, Vapeurs,  Ifaux  de  A^erfn,  from  'varcpa,  'the 
uterus.'  A  species  of  neurosis,  classed  amongst 
the  spasmi  by  Sauvages  and  Cullen,  and  in  the 
Nevroses  de  la  generation,  by  Pinel.  It  received 
the  name  of  hysteria,  because  it  was  reputed  to 
have  its  seat  in  the  uterus.  It  generallj'  occurs 
in  paroxysms;  the  principal  characters  of  which 
consist  in  alternate  fits  of  laughing  and  crj'ing, 
with  a  sensation  as  if  a  ball  set  out  from  the 
uterus  and  ascended  towards  the  stomach,  chest, 
and  neck,  producing  a  sense  of  strangulation.  If 
the  attack  be  violent,  there  is,  sometimes,  loss  of 
consciousness  (although  the  presence  of  conscious- 
ness generally  distinguishes  it  from  epilepsy)  and 
convulsions.  The  duration  of  the  attacks  is  very 
variable.  It  appears  to  be  dependent  upon  irre- 
gularity of  nervous  distribution  in  ver}'  impres- 
sible persons,  and  is  not  confined  to  the  female; 
for  well-marked  cases  of  hysteria  are  occasionally 
met  with  in  men.  During  the  fit, — dashing  cold 
water  on  the  face,  stimulants  applied  to  the  nose, 
or  exhibited  internally,  and  antispasmodics,  form 
the  therapeutical  agents.  Exercise,  tranquillity 
of  mind,  amusing  and  agreeable  occupations  con- 
stitute the  prophylactics.     See  Mania,  dancing. 

Hysteria  Cataleptica,  Catalepsy  —  h.  Vaga, 
Hysteria. 

HYSTERIAS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERIASIS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERICA,  see  Hysterical. 

HYSTER'ICAL,  Hyster'icus,  Va'ponrish,  Ya'- 
pouring,  (F.)  Hysteriqne.  Same  etymon  as  hys- 
terical.    Relating  to  or  affected  with  hysteria. 

The  word  hysterica  was  used  by  Martial  for  a 
female  affected  with  nj'mphomania  or  with  strong 
sexual  desires. 

HYSTERTCISMUS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERICS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERIE,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERISMUS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERITES,  Hydrometra. 

HYSTERITIS,  Metritis,  Hydrometra, 

HYSTEROCARCINOMA,  Metrocarcinoma. 

HYSTEROCE'LE,  from  'vcrtpa,  'the  womb,' 
and  Kri\r),  'hernia.'  Ifetroce'le,  Her'nia  u'teri, 
Hernia  of  the  womb.  This  is  a  rare  disease.  The 
womb  may  protrude  through  the  inguinal  or  the 
crural  canal,  or  through  the  lower  part  of  the 
linea  alba. 

Hysterocele  Xuda,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

HYSTEROCOLICA.  Colica  uterina, 

HYSTEROCNES'MUS,  from  'vartpa,  'uterus,' 
and  Kvridiios,  'itching.'  Pruritus  of  the  uterus  or 
genitals. 

HYSTEROCRAXIUM,  Occiput. 

HYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy. 

HYS'TERO-CYSTIC,  Hys'terocys'ticus,  from 
'varepa,  'the  uterus,'  and  Kvcng,  'the  bladder.' 
Relating  to  the  uterus  and  bladder.  Some  au- 
thors have  caWed  Hystero-cystic  Retention  of  urine, 
that  which  is  caused  by  the  compression  of  the 
bladder  by  the  uterus,  during  pregnancy. 

HYSTERO-CYSTOCE'LE,  from  'varcpa,  'the 
womb,'  Kvartg,  'the  bladder,'  and  kv^tj,  'a  tumour. 
Hernia  of  the  uterus  complicated  with  displace- 
ment of  the  bladder. 


HYSTERODYNIA 


48G 


lATRINE 


HYSTERODYNIA,  Hysteralgia. 

HYSTERCEDEMA,  Hydrometra. 

HYS'TEROID,  Hystero'des,  Hysteroi'des,  from 
'hysteria,'  and  uiog,  'resemblance.'  Resembling 
hysteria; — as  a  hj'steroid  disease,  symptom,  &c. 

HYSTEROL'OGY,  Hysterolog"ia,  from  '■vartpa, 
'the  uterus,' and  Xoyoi,  'a  description.'  A  trea- 
tise on  the  sound  and  morbid  uterus. 

HYSTEROLOX'IA,  HystereW sis,  Ohliq'uitas 
seu  Situs  obli'quus  uteri,  Flexio  seu  Versio  in- 
comple'ta  seu  Inclina'tio  uteri,  Metrolox'ia,  3/e- 
trocamjys'is,  Metroscolio' ma,  Uterus  obli'quus  seu 
Iiiclina'fus/  from  ^varcpa,  'the  uterus/  and  Ao^'oj, 
'oblique.'  An  oblicjue  position  of  the  uterus, 
occurring  during  pregnancy.  Anteversion  of  the 
uterus,  Hysterolox'ia  anterior,  Anteversio  seu 
Prona'tio  uteri,  Venter  propendens ;  and  Retro- 
version of  the  uterus,  Hysterolox'ia  posterim; 
jRetrover'sio  uteri,  Reflex'io  uteri  compleia,  are 
varieties. 

HYSTEROMALA'CIA,  Hysteromalaco'sis,  Hy- 
steroinalaco' ma,  Metromalnco'sis,Metromalaco'rna, 
Malaco'sis  uteri,  Emollit"ies  uteri  morbosa,  Pu- 
treseen'tia  xi'teri  grav'idi,  from  'voripa,  'the  ute- 
rus/ and  jiaXaKia,  'softness.'  Softness  of  the 
uterus  during  pregnancy,  which  renders  it  liable 
to  rupture  in  labour. 

HYSTEROMALACOMA,  Hysteromalacia. 

HYSTEROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

HYSTEROMETER,  see  Sound,  uterine. 

HYSTEROMOCHLIUM,  Lever. 

HYSTERON'CUS,  from  'varepa,  'the  uterus/ 
.and  oyKos,  'tumour.'  Metron'cus,  Hysterophy'ma, 
Metrophyma,  Tumor  uteri.  A  tumour  of  the 
uterus. 

RYSTEB.O-l?A'RAL'YSlS,B'ysterople'ff!a,?rom 
'vcr-spa,  'the  uterus,'  and  irapaXviris,  'paralysis.' 
Paralysis  of  the  uterus. 

HYSTEROPATHI'A,  from  'varcpa,  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  -naOuq,  'suffering.'  Disease  or  suffering 
in  the  uterus.  Also,  hysteria,  and  deutero- 
pathia. 

HYSTEROPIIYMA,  Hysteroneus. 

HYSTEROPHYSE,  Physometra. 

HYSTEROPH'YSIS,  from  'va-tpa,  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  (bvarj,  'wind.'  Distension  of  the  uterus 
with  air  :   Emphijse'ma  u'teri. 

HYSTEROPLEaiA,  Hysteroparalysis. 

HYSTEROPNIX.  Angone. 

HYSTEROPOLYPUS,  Metropolypus. 

HYSTEROPSOPHIA,  Physometra. 

HYSTEROPTO'SIS,  from  'vortoa,  'the  womb,' 
and  ^Tuiais,  'fall/  Prolapsus  uteri.    Also,  Inversio 


uteri,  Anas'fj-oj^Jie  uteri.  In  a  general  sense,  a 
protrusion  of  any  part  of  the  genital  organs  or  of 
excrescences  from  them  into  the  genital  passages  ; 
^dopto'sis. 

Hysteroptosis,  Prolapsus  uteri  —  h.  Vagina) 
prolapsus,  Prolapsus  vaginffi. 

HYSTERORRHAGIA  SANGUINEA,  Me- 
trorrhagia. 

HYSTERORRHEXIS,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

HYSTERORRHCEA,  Metrorrhagia  — h.  Mu- 
cosa, Leucorrhcea. 

IIYSTEROSALPINX,  Tube,  Fallopian. 

HYSTBROSCIRRHUS,  Metroscirrhus. 

HYS'TEROSGOPE,  from  'v<rTtpa,  'the  uterus,' 
and  oKOTreui,  'I  view.'  A  metallic  mirror,  used  in 
inspecting  the  state  of  the  os  uteri  for  throwing 
the  rays  of  a  taper  to  the  bottom  of  the  speculum 
uteri. — Colombat  de  I'lsere. 

HYSTEROSPASM'US,  from  'vcrspa,  'the 
womb,'  and  airacfioi,  'spasm.'  Spasm  of  the  ute- 
rus.    Also,  hysterical  spasm. 

HYSTERGSTOMA,  Os  uteri. 

HYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS,  from  'utrT-tpa, '  the 
womb,'  cTopa,  'orifice,'  and  rifivtiv,  'to  cut.'  An 
instrument  invented  by  Coutouly  for  dividing  the 
OS  uteri,  when  it  is  important  to  deliver  immedi- 
ately, as  in  cases  of  convulsions. 

HYSTEROSTOMIUM,  Os  uteri. 

HYSTEROSYNIZESIS,  Metrosynizesis. 

HYSTEROTOME,  Hysterotomus. 

HYSTEROTOM'IA,  Hysterot'omy.  Sameety- 
mon  as  Hysterotomus.  Csesarean  section.  Also, 
dissection  of  the  uterus. 

HYSTEROTOMOTOCIA,  Csesarean  section. 

HYSTEROT'OMUS,  Hysterotome,  iVetrot'omus, 
3Ie'trotnme,  from  'varcpa,  'the  womb,' and  Teftveir, 
'to  cut.'  An  instrument  for  dividing  the  womb 
through  the  vagina.  It  is  a  kind  of  Bistonri 
cache,  and  is  intended  to  divide  the  cervix  and 
OS  uteri, — Hysterostomat' om  us. 

HYSTEROTRISM'US,  from  'vari-pa,  'the 
womb,' and  rpi^u),  'I  gnash.'  Spasmodic  contrac- 
tion of  the  uterus,  especially  of  its  mouth. 

HYSTREMPHYSEMA,  Physometra. 

HYSTRIASIS,  Hystriciasis. 

HYSTRICI'ASIS,  Hystri'asis,  Hys'trix,  JTys- 
tricis'mus,  Cerostro'sis,  Tricho'sis  seto'sa,  from 
'vtTTpi^,  'vaTpf)((>i,  'a  hedgehog  or  porcupine.'  A 
disease  of  the  hairs,  in  which  they  stand  erect 
like  the  quills  of  the  porcupine. 

HYSTRIOISMUS,  Hystriciasis. 

HYSTRIX,  Hystriciasis. 

HYVES,  Hives. 


I. 


lAMA,  Medicament. 

lAMATOLOGY,  Materia  mediea. 

lAMATOSYNTAXIOLOGIA,  see  Prescrip- 
tion. 

lAMATOSYNTAXIS.  see  Composition. 

lAMATOTAXIOLOGIA,  see  Prescription. 

lASIMOS,  Curable. 

IAS  IS,  Curation, 

lATERIA,  Medicina. 

lATERIUS,  Medicinal. 

lATRALEIP'TICE,  latraHplice  {Ars),  Jatra- 
leiptic  or  latralip'tic  method;  from  larpog,  'a 
physician,'  and_a>£i0u),  'I  anoint.'  The  method 
of  treating  diseases  adopted  by  the  latraleptes, — 
that  is,  by  friction  chiefly. 

lATRALEP'TES,      latraleip'tes,     latrcdij^'ta, 


latroleip'tes,  Med'icits  TJnguenta'rius.  One  who 
treats  diseases  by  unguents,  frictions,  and  by  ex- 
ternal means  generally.  Prodicus,  a  discijile  of 
iEsculapius,  was  the  chief  of  the  latraleptes. 

lATRALIPTES,  latraleptes. 

lATRALIPTICE,  latraleiptice. 

IATREUSIOLOG"IA,  from  larptvcig,  'the  ex- 
ercise of  the  art  of  healing,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  de- 
scription.' The  doctrine  of  the  exercise  of  the 
healing  art. — Reil. 

lATREUSIS.    The  exercise  of  the  healing  art. 

lATRIA,  Medicina. 

lATRICE,  Medicina. 

lATRICLTS,  Medical;  see  Digitus. 

lATRI'NE,  Medicina.  Also,  a  female  practi- 
tioner of  medicine;  a  midwife. 


lATRION 


487 


ICTERUS 


lATRI'ON,  larpetov,  latre'on,  I'd'tron,  letri'on, 
3feJic<iti-t'na.  The  house  or  oiSco  of  a  physician 
or  surgeon.  Also,  the  physician's  fee  or  hono- 
rarium. 

lATROCIIEMIA,  Chymiatria. 
lATROCHYMIA,  Chymiatria. 
lATROGNOM'ICA, /a^)-0(/)Kjm'i'ce  ;  from  larpos, 
'a  physician,'  and  yij-oxr/cu),  'I  know.'     A  know- 
ledge of  medical  objects. — Hufeland. 
lATROLEIPTES,  latraleptcs. 
IATROLOG"IA,    latrol'ogy,    from    lar^jo^,    'a 
physician,'  and  Xoyoq.  'a  description.'     A  treatise 
on  physic  and  physicians. 

lATROMAN'TIS,  from  larpo;,  'a  physician,' 
and  (lavrna,  'divination.'  A  physician  who  is  a 
soothsayer. 

lATRO-MATHEMATICAL     PHYSICIANS, 
Jatromntliemnt'ici.     Mechanical  physicians. 
lATROMBCHANICI,  Mechanical  physicians. 
lATRON,  latrion. 

lATROPHYSICS,  Physics,  medical. 
lATROS,  latrus. 

lATROSOPHIS'TA.from  larpoj,  'a  physician,' 
and  ao-pLcrrris,  'one  skilled  in  an  art  or  science.' 
A  learned,  or  thoroughly  educated  physician. 

lATROTECH'NA,  latrotech'nes;  from  larpog, 
'a  physician,'  and  re'^vrj,  'art.'  A  practical  phy- 
sician or  surgeon. 

lATROTECHNICE.  Medicina,  Therapeutics. 
lATRUS,  latros,  Physician;  also,  a  surgeon. 
IBBRIS,  Lepidium  iberis. 
Ibe'ius  Ama'ka,  Bitter  candi/fnft,  (F.)  Passe- 
rage,   from.   Iberia,   where   it    is   indigenous.      A 
small  herbaceous  plant,  Ord.  CruciferiB,  indigen- 
ous in  Europe,  which  was  employed,  of  old,  in 
gout,   rheumatism,   &o.      The   seeds    have    been 
used,  in  the  dose  of  one  to  three  grains,  in  asthma, 
bronchitis,  dropsy,  and  hypertrophy  of  the  heart. 
It  is  said  to  possess  acro-narcotic  properties;  but 
it  is  not  much  used. 

Iberis  Bursa  Pastoris,  Thlaspi  bursa  —  i. 
Campestris,  Thlaspi  campestre — i.  Sophia,  Car- 
damine  pratensis. 

IBICUIBA,  Becmha,  Becniba  mix.     A  species 
.  of  nut  from  Brazil,  the  emulsive  kernel  of  which 
is  ranked  amongst  balsamic  remedies. 

IBIS,  i/?is.  A  bird  held  sacred  by  the  Egyp- 
tians. When  sick,  it  is  asserted  that  it  was  wont 
to  inject  the  water  of  the  Nile  into  its  fundament : 
whence,  according  to  Langius,  was  learned  the 
use  of  glysters. 

IBISCHA  MISMALVA,  Althasa. 
IBISCUS,  Althsea. 
IBIXUMA,  Saponnria. 

ICE,  Sax.  ir,  Ola'cies,  Frozen  water,  (F.)  Glace. 
Iced  water  is  much  used  internally,  as  the  best 
refrigerant  in  fever.  It  is,  also,  applied  exter- 
nallj',  in  cases  of  external  inflammation,  as  well 
as  in  phrenitic  and  hernial  aflections,  &c.,  in  the 
form  of  the  ice-caj}  and  ice-cataplasm  or  ice-poul- 
tice ;  formed  by  half  filling  a  bladder  with 
pounded  ice. 

ICE-CAP.  see  Ice. 

ICE-COLD,  %  cold,  (F.)  Froid  fflacial.  A 
very  strong  morbid  sensation  of  cold,  compared 
by  the  patient  to  that  which  would  be  produced 
bj'  the  npplication  of  pieces  of  ice. 
ICE-POULTICE,  see  lee. 
ICELAND,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Hot 
springs  are  found  in  every  part  of  Iceland.  The 
most  noted  of  these  is  one  called  Geyser,  two 
days'  journey  from  Hecla,  and  near  Skalholt. 
The  diameter  of  the  basin  is  59  feet;  and  the 
height  to  which  the  water  is  thrown  is  often  more 
than  100.     The  heat  of  the  water  is  212°. 

ICE-PLANT,  Meseinbryanthemum  crystalli- 
num,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

ICHN03,  ixvo;.  The  foot.  The  sole  of  the  foot. 
The  heel. 


ICHOR,  i^oj/),  Tchos.     The  serum  of  the  blood, 
Sanies,    Sonlex,    Vims,   Pus    malig'niiin,    Tabum. 
A  thin,  aqueous,  and  acrid  discharge. 
ICHOROIDES,  Ichorous. 

ICH'OROUS,    Ichoro'siis,    IchoroVdes,   Smiio'- 
SHS,  Sa'nioris,  (F.)  Ichoreux,  Sunitux.     Belonging 
to  or  resembling  ichor. 
ICHOS,  Ichor. 
ICHTHYA,  Hook,  blunt. 

ICnTHYOCOL'LA,from  ix^vg,  tx^^og,  'a  fish.' 
and  KuXXa,  '  glue.'  Colla  Pis'ciuin.  I'sinyluss, 
Fish-glue,  (F.)  Ichtlnjocolle,  Oolle  de  Poisson.  A 
name  given  to  the  dried  swimming  bladder  or 
sound  of  Acipenser  huso,  and  other  species  of 
acipenser,  which  is  almost  wholly  composed  of 
gelatin,  and  is  employed  in  medicine  in  the  for- 
mation of  nutritive  jellies.  It  is,  also,  occasion- 
ally used  in  anatomical  injections.  The  Evglinh 
Court  Plaster  is  made  with  it.  In  Russia,  the 
Acipenser  is  not  the  only  genus  from  which  isin- 
glass is  procured;  it  is  also  obtained  from  Silu'- 
rus  Olanis,  which  Dr.  Royle  suggests  to  be  the 
source  of  the  SamovT/  or  Somovy  Isinglass  of  com- 
merce. The  sounds  of  the  cod,  ling,  hake,  <4;c., 
yield  it.  From  these  it  is  made  in  New  England; 
and,  in  England,  is  termed  New  York  Isinglass. 

ICHTHYOPH'AGISTS,  Tchihijoph'agi,  from 
t;^5us,  i;^-&uof,  '  a  fish,'  and  ipayw,  '  I  eat.'  People 
who  feed  habitually  on  fish; — generally  the  most 
uncivilized  of  mankind. 

ICHTHYOPHAGOUS,  Piscivorous. 

ICHTHYOSE,  Ichthyosis. 

ICHTHYO'SIS,  from  ix^v?  ix^riog,  'a  fis^,' 
from  the  resemblance  of  the  scales  to  those  of  a 
fish.  Lepidu'sis,  Ichthyi'asis,  L.  Ichtliyo'sis,  Le- 
pra Ichthyo'sis,  Alvaras  nigra  (Arab.),  Imjieti'go 
excorticati'va,  (F.)  Ichthyose ;  Fislishin,  Porcu- 
pine Disease.  A  permanently  harsh,  dry,  scaly, 
and,  in  some  cases,  almost  horny  texture  of  the 
integuments  of  the  body,  unconnected  with  in- 
ternal disorder.  Willan  and  Batemiin  hnve  two 
varieties,  1.  simplex  and  /.  cornea.  Alihert  has 
three,  the  /.  nacree  or  pearly,  the  /.  cm  tiee,  and 
the  /.  pellugre  or  Pellagra. 

Ichthyosis  Pellagra,  Pellagrn. 

Ichthyosis  Seba'cea,  Sebn'ceous  Ichthyo'sis. 
A  morbid  incrustation  of  a  concrete  subaceous 
substance  upon  the  surface  of  the  epidermis,  con- 
founded, according  to  Mr.  E.  Wilson,  with  ich- 
thyosis, to  which  it  bears  a  close  resemblance. 
In  many  cases  there  is  neither  redness  nor  heat, 
nor  is  the  affection  often  accompanied  by  consti- 
tutional symptoms. 

ICHTHYOTOX'ICUM,  from  ixM,  tx^""^'  '» 
fish,'  and  to^ikov,  'a  poison;'  Jch'thyus,  fish 
poison. 

ICHTHYUS,  lohthyotoxicum. 

I'CICA  ARACOUCHI'NL  Aracouchini  is  a 
balsam,  extracted  by  incision  from  this  tree  in 
Guyana.     The  Galibis  use  it  for  healing  wounds. 

IcicA  Icicariba,  see  Amvris  elemifera. 

ICTAR,  Vulva. 

ICTERE,  Icterus  — i".  Bleu,  Cyanopathy  —  •;■. 
des  Nouveau-nes,  Icterus  infantum — i.  Noire, 
Melfena. 

ICTERIC,  Ictericus. 

ICTERIC  FEVER,  REMITTING,  see  Re- 
lapse. 

IQTjERWIE,  Icterus. 

ICTERICUS,  Antiicterie.  Also,  relating  to.  or 
rembling  Icterus;  Ic'teric,  IcteroVdes,  Ictero'- 
des.  (F. )  Icterique. 

ICTERITIA  ALBA,  Chlorosis— i.  Flava,  Icte- 
rus— i.  Rubea.  Erysipelas — i.  Rubra,  Erysipelas. 

ICTERODES,  Ictericus. 

ICTERUS,  /.  flavus  seu  vems,  from  i»cr(5,  a 
species  of  weasel,  whose  eyes  are  yellow  [?J.  (l/crtpoj 
meant,  with  the  ancients,  a  yellow  bird,  perhaps 
the  Oriole ;)  ilorhus  arcua'tus  seu  arqua'tus,  Le^e- 


ICTODES   FCETIDUS 


488 


IGNATIA   AMARA 


oil  moi-bus  (Paracelsus),  Aiiru'go,  Auri'go,  3for- 
biis  reglns  seu  liite'olus,  Cholelith'ia  ictet-wt,  Cho- 
lihce'mia,  Cholrn'mia,  Cholopla'nia,  Cholo'sis,  Der- 
matocholo'eis,  Siiffu'sio  aurigiiio'sa  seu  felUs  seu 
biUs,  Icteritia  fiava,  Il'etis  Jiavits  seu  icteroides, 
Cachex'ia  ieter'iea,  FelHs  suffii'sio  seu  obstruc'tio 
seu  Siqjerfu'sio,  Bil'ious  Dys'crasy,  Jaundice, 
Yellows;  Janders,  Jaundeis,  (Sc.)  GnlscJioch, 
(Prov.)  Jonas,  (F.)  Ictere,  Icterieie,  Jaunisse, 
Bile  repandiie.  A  disease,  the  principal  symptom 
of  which  is  yellowness  of  the  skin  and  eyes,  with 
white  faeces  and  high-coloured  urine.  It  admits 
of  various  causes;  in  fact,  anything  which  can 
directly  or  indirectly  obstruct  the  course  of  the 
bile,  so  that  it  is  taken  into  the  mass  of  blood  and 
produces  the  yellowness  of  surface  ;  —  the  bile 
being  separated  by  the  kidneys,  causes  yellowness 
of  urine,  and  its  being  prevented  from  reaching  the 
intestine  occasions  the  pale-coloured  f^ces.  The 
prognosis,  in  ordinary  cases,  is  favourable  ; — when 
complicated  with  hepatic  disease,  unfavourable. 
The  treatment  is  simple  :  —  an  emetic  or  purga- 
tive, given  occasionally  so  as  to  elicit  the  return 
of  the  bile  to  its  ordinary  channels  ;  light  tonics  ; 
unirritating  diet;  cheerful  company,  &c. 
Icterus  Albus,  Chlorosis. 
Icterus  Infan'tuji,  /.  Neonato'mm,  Neotoc- 
ict' erns,Pcedict' erus,  Auri'go  ncophyto'rum.  Yellow 
gam,  Yelloiv  gown,  (F.)  Iclere  des  nouveau-nes,  is  a 
common  affection,  and  frequently  dependent  upon 
obstruction  of  the  choledoch  duct  by  the  meco- 
nium. It  requires  time;  and  castor  oil,  occa- 
sionally. 

IcTEKUS  Melas,  Melajna  —  i.  Neonatorum,  I. 
infantum — i.  Niger,  Melasna. 

ICTliRUS  Saturni'nus,  Lead  jaundice.  The 
earthy-yellow  hue  in  saturnine  cachexy. 

Icterus  Vir'idis,  Green  jaundice.  Icterus 
when  the  skin  is  of  a  green  or  olive  hue. 

ICTODES  FCETIDUS,  Dracontium  foetidum. 
ICTUS.     'A   stroke   or   blow;'  Plege,   Plagn. 
Ictus  solis,  a  stroke  of  the  sun.     See  Coup  de  so- 
leil.     Ictus,  also,  means  the  pulsation  of  an  artery, 
and  the  sting  of  a  bee  or  other  insect. 

Ictus,  Blow — i.  Cordis,  see  Heart — i.  Cordis  et 
arteriarum.  Pulse  —  i.  Sanguinis,  Apoplexy  —  i. 
Solis,  Coujj  de  soleil. 

IDE'A,  Id'ea,  Ido'lum,  Ideach  [?  Paracelsus], 
(F.)  Idee,  from  eiSui,  'I  see.'  The  image  or  re- 
presentation of  an  object  in  the  mind. 

Idea,  Fixed  or  Predom'inant,  Id'ea  fxa, 
Ideopeg'ma.  Tension  of  the  mind  on  one  notion  ; 
often  observed  in  insanity. 

Id'ea  Morbt.    Knowledge  or  idea  of  a  disease, 
IDEACH,  Idea. 
IDEAGENOUS,  Sentiment. 
IDE'AL,  Idea'lis.^    Mental,  notional,  fancied. 
Morhi  ideales.     Ideal   diseases.      Diseases    of 
the  imagination. 

IDEA'TION,  Idea'tio,  from  'idea.'    The  estab- 
lishment of  a  distinct  mental  representation  or 
idea  of  an  object. 
IDIJE,  Idea. 

IDEN'TITY  (PERSONAL),  Tden'titas,  from 
•idem,  '  the  same.'  Sameness.  It  is  sometimes  a 
question  in  legal  medicine  to  decide  upon  per- 
sonal identity:  that  is,  whether  an  individual  be 
the  same  he  represents  himself  to  be.  Physical 
marks  form  the  great  criteria. 

IDEOL'OGY,  Ideolog"ia,  from  ti^u,  'I  see,' 
and  Xoyng,  'a  discourse.'  The  science  of  ideas. 
Intellectual  philosophy. 

I'DEO-MOTOR.  A  name  given  by  Dr.  Car- 
penter to  muscular  movements,  the  result  of  com- 
plete engrossment  by  an  idea,  which  he  regards 
■IS  automatic,  although  originating  in  the  cere- 
brum. 

IDEOPEaMA,  Idea,  fixed. 


IDEOSYNCHYSIE,  Delirium. 
IDIANCEA,  Idiotism. 
IDIAPOCAUSIS,  Combustion,  human. 
IDIEMPRESIS,  Combustion,  human. 
IDIOCRASIS,  Idiosyncrasy. 
IDIOCTONIA,  Suicide. 
IDIOCY.  Idiotism. 
IDIO-MIASMATA,  see  Miasm. 
IDIOPATHI'A,     Idiopathei'a.,     ProtopatWa, 
Pro'prius  affectns,  3forbtis  idiopiath' icus  seu.  pro- 
priits  seu  prima'rius  seu  protopath'icus  seu  ori- 
(jina'lis,  Malum  jirima'rium.,  from  i^ioj,  '  peculiar, 
proper,'  and   va^og,  'an  affection.'      A  primary 
disease;  one  not  depending  on  any  other. 

IDIOPATH'IC,  Pro'prio  hab'itu  seu  Constitu- 
tio'ne  pro'prio,  pendens,  Idiopath'icus,  Idiup'a- 
thes.  Primary  affections  and  their  symptoms  are 
so  denominated. 

IDIOPTCY,  Achromatopsia. 
IDIOPTS,  see  Achromatopsia. 
IDIOSYNCRASIA,  Idiosyncrasy— i.  Iliemor- 
rhagicn,  Hfematophilia — i.  Olfaotorin,  Parosmia. 

IDIOSYN'CRASY,  Idioc'rasy,  Idiosyn'crasis, 
Idiosyncra'sia,  Idrotrop'ia,  Idioo'rasis,  Idiosyn- 
cris'ia,  from  i6ios,  '  peculiar,'  aw,  '  with,'  and 
Kpaaig,  '  temperament.'  A  peculiarity  of  consti- 
tution, in  which  one  person  is  affected  by  an 
agent  which,  in  numerous  others,  vpould  produce 
no  effect.  Thus,  shell-fish,  bitter  almonds,  pro- 
duce urticaria  in  some,  by  virtue  of  their  idiosyn- 
crasies.    Others  faint  at  the  sight  of  blood,  &c. 

ID'IOT,  Idio'ta,  'foolish,  stupid,  ignorant.' 
Now  used  for  one  who  is  fatuous,  or  who  docs 
not  possess  sufficient  intellectual  faculties  for  the 
social  condition,  and  for  preserving  himself  from 
danger, — Homofat'uus,  (Prov.)  Dal  cop),  Fondling, 
Hobhil.  In  law,  one  who  has  been  without  un- 
derstanding from  his  birth,  and  whom  the  law 
presumes  to  be  never  likely  to  attain  any. 

IDIOTIA,  Idiotism — i.  Endermica,  Cretinism. 
IDIOTIE,  Idiotism. 

ID'IOTISM,  Idiotis'mus,  Idioti'a,  Idianoe'n, 
Imbed I'-litas  mentis  ;  Mo'riademens,  Ance'a,  Mo'- 
ria,  3Ioro'sis,  Meio'sis,  Fatu'itas,  Amen'tia,  De- 
men'tia  natura'lis,  Stvpid'itas,  Vecor'dia,  Inibe-  . 
cill'itas  Ingen'ii,  Id'iocy,  Id'iotcy,  Fatu'ity.  (F.) 
Demence  innee,  Idiotisme,  Idiotic,  Apsychisme. — 
Piorry.  Same  etymon.  A  species  of  unsound 
mind,  characterized  by  more  or  less  complete  ob- 
literation of  the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties. 
It  may  supervene  on  mania  and  melancholia, 
when  it  is  termed  ^emt')!'<i"«,  but  more  commonly 
it  depends  upon  original  conformation.  It  may 
also,  be  symptomatic  of  organic  disease  of  the 
brain,  which  has  come  on  after  birth.  Idiotism 
exists  in  various  degrees.  Some  idiots  are  mere 
automata,  exhibiting  scarcely  any  sensibility  to 
external  impressions;  others  are  capable  of  arti- 
culating a  few  words,  and  possess  certain  mental 
emotions  to  a  limited  extent.  The  physiognomy 
is  usually  vacant,  step  unsteady,  and  articulation 
imperfect  or  broken.  The  affection  is  almost  al- 
ways incurable  ;  but  it  may  often  be  palliated. 
IDIOTISME,  Idiotism. 

IDIOTISMUS,  Idiotism  —  i.  Endemicus,  Cre^ 
tinism. 

IDIOTROPIA,  Idiosyncrasy. 
IDOLUM,  Hallucination,  Idea, 
■     IDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 
lETRION,  latrion. 
IF,  Taxus  baccata. 
IFFIDES,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
IGDE,  Mortar. 
IGDIS,  Mortar. 

IGNA'TIA  AMA'RA,  StrycJmos  Igna'tii,  Ig- 
natia'na  Phi.lippin'ica.  Ord.  Apocynacese.  The 
systematic  name  of  the  plant  which  affords  .S'^. 
Ignatius's  Bean,  Faha  In'dica  seu  Sancti  Igna'- 
tii   seu  febrif'uga,  (F.)  Ignatie,  Feve    de  Saint 


I  GNAT  IE 


489 


ILEX 


Ignaee,  Noix  d'Igasur.  The  seeds  are  bitter  and  'I 
poisonous,  containing  strychnia,  and  only  appear  ' 
to  differ  from  nux  vomica  in  containing  a  larger  j 
proportion  of  that  alkaloid.  |i 

IGNATIE,  Ignatia  amara.  |j 

IGNAVIA,  Inertia  —  i.  seu  Ignavitas  partium  : 
genitalium,  Impotence.  I! 

IGNIS,  'fire.'     Hence: 

Ignis  Actualis,  Cauterium — i.  Animalis,  Ani- 
mal hevt. 

Ignis  Cal'ibus.  'A  hot  fire.'  A  violent  in- 
flammation, about  to  degenerate  into  gangrene. 

Ignis  Columella,  Erysipelas. 

Ignis  FRiG"iDns.     'A  cold  fire.'     Sphacelus. 

Ignis  Naturalis,  Animal  heat  —  i.  Persicus, 
Anthrax,  Herpes  zoster — i.  Philosophicus,  Phos- 
phorus—  i.  Potentialis,  see  Cauterium — i.  Sacer, 
Erysipelas,  Herpes  zoster  —  i.  Sancti  Antonii, 
Erysipelas. 

Ignis  Sapien'tium.  The  ancient  name  for  the 
heat  of  horses'  dung. 

Ignis  Sylvat'icuS,  I.  sylves'trin  seu  volat'icus 
seu  vola'grius,  Stroph'idus  sylves'tris  seu  volat'- 
icus. Wildfire  rash,  (F.)  Fen  sauvncje  ou  voUuje, 
Flamhoise.  Probably,  the  Porri'go  larva'lis  or 
Crusta  lac'tea  of  infants.  Also,  a  transient  red- 
ness of  the  face  and  neck,  sometimes  observed  in 
hysterical  and  chlorotic  females. 

Ignis  Sylvestris,  I.  sylvaticus  —  i.  Vitalis, 
Animal  heat  —  i.  Volagrius,  I.  sylvaticus — i.  Vo- 
laticus,  I.  sylvaticus. 

IGNIVOROUS,  Pyrophagus. 

IGNYE,  Poples. 

IGNYS,  Poples. 

ILAPHIS,  Arctium  lappa. 

ILEA,  Flanks. 

ILEAC  PASSION,  Ileus. 

ILEADELPH'US,  from  ileum,  'the  ileon,'  and 
aizktjioi,  'brother.'  A  double  monster,  united  at 
the  pelvis,  and  below. 

ILECH,  Y'lech,  Ilei'as.  lUas'ter,  YU.i'ter,  EU- 
as'ter,  Ilias'trum,  Hei'ados,  llei'dns,  Ilei'ndnm, 
Hi'adus.  Terms  used  by  Paracelsus  to  desig- 
nate the  first  matter:  —  the  beginning  of  every 
thincf. 

ILEIADOS,  Ilech. 

ILEIADUM,  Ilech. 

ILEIAS,  Ilech. 

ILEIDOS,  Ilech. 

ILEI'TIS,  from  ileum,  'the  intestine  ileum,' 
and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  ileum. 

ILEO.  In  composition,  relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  the  ileum. 

ILEO-CHOLOSIS,  Diarrhoea,  bilious. 

IL'EO-COLIC,  Ileo-co' liens.  Relating  to  the 
ileum  and  colon  : — as  the  ileo-colic  valve  or  valve 
of  Bauhin. 

ILEO-COLITIS,  Enteritis. 

ILEO-DICLIDITE,  see  Typhus. 

ILEO-LUMBAR,  Ileo-bimhn'Us,  lUo-lumhn'ris. 
Belonging  to  the  ilium  and  lumbar  region. 

Ileo-lumbar  Artery,  Ilin-lnmhar  artery,  TU- 
nco-muscular,  (Ch.)  is  given  off  by  the  hypogas- 
tric, opposite  the  base  of  the  sacrum.  It  ascends 
behind  the  psoas  muscle,  and  divides  into  two 
branches; — an  ascending  and  a  transverse,  which 
give  off  numerous  ramifications  to  the  neighbour- 
ing parts. 

Ileo-Liimbar  Ltg'ament,  Ilio-lumhar  or  Ilio- 
Inmho-ver' tehral  ligament,  Verlehro-iliac  ligament, 
is  a  broad,  membraniform,  triangular  ligament, 
extending  horizontally  from  the  transverse  pro- 
cess of  the  5th  lumbar  vertebrge  to  the  upper  and 
posterior  part  of  the  iliac  crest.  It  unites  the 
vertebral  column  with  the  pelvis. 

IL'EON.  Il'eum,  Ei'leon,  Il'ium,  Intesti'num 
circumvolu'tum,  from  u\uv,  '  to  turn,'  '  to  twist.' 


Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  longest 
portion  of  the  small  intestine,  which  extends 
from  the  jejunum  to  the  ctecum.  It  was  so 
called  from  its  forming  a  considerable  number 
of  convolutions. 

ILEOPYRA,  see  Typhus. 

ILEOSIS,  Ileus. 

ILEO-TYPHUS,  see  Typhus. 

ILES,  Flanks. 

IL'EUS,  Ei'leos,  from  ei\c(ii,  'I  twist  or  con- 
tract.' Co'lica  Ileus  seu  spasmod'ica,  Enterele'sia, 
Enterelu'sis,  Ileus  spasmod'icus,  Chordap'sns, 
Passio  Ili'aca,  Iliac  or  lleac  Passion,  Vol'vidus, 
Ileo'sis,  ilisere're  mei,  Gonvol'vulus,  Tornien'ttim, 
Intercep'tio  Iiitestino'rum,  Enterosieno'sis  volvulus, 
(F.)  Colique  de  ITisericorde,  0.  de  Bliserere.  A 
disease,  characterized  by  deep-seated  pain  of  the 
abdomen,  stercoraceous  vomiting,  and  obstinate 
constipation.  It  is  occasioned  hy  hernia  or  other 
obstruction  to  the  passage  of  the  fa3ces  through 
a  part  of  the  intestinal  canal,  Enterosteno'sis.  The 
term  Ileus  has  been  applied  to  various  affections 
— to  simple  nervous  colic,  intussusception,  and  to 
strangulation  of  the  small  intestine,  &c.  Various 
remedies  have  been  employed; — the  majority  for 
the  purpose  of  procuring  alvine  evacuations, — as 
purgatives,  in  draught,  pill,  or  glyster;  supposi- 
tories, tobacco  glj'sters ;  pure  mercury;  leaden 
bullets;  antispasmodics  and  narcotics;  blisters 
to  the  epigastrium;  ice  by  the  mouth,  or  injected 
into  the  rectum.  Some  of  these  have,  occasion- 
ally, succeeded,  —  especially  the  tobacco  glyster, 
and  ice  to  the  tumour,  where  the  disease  has  been 
occasioned  by  strangulated  hernia.  It  is  very 
dangerous. 

Ileus  Flatus,  Icterus  —  i.  Icteroides,  Icterus 
— i.  Inflammatorius.  Enteritis. 

ILEX  AQUIFO'LIUM.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Common  Holly,  Aquifo'lium,  Agrifo'Uum, 
vptiog  of  the  ancients  [?],  (Prov.)  Hollen,  (Sc.) 
Holyn,  Holene,  (F.)  Houx,  H.  commun  ou  CJiSne 
vert.  Ord.  Aquifoliacese.  The  leaves  of  this 
plant  have  been  recommended  as  tonic,  astrin- 
gent, and  antiseptic,  and  have  been  prescribed  in 
atonic  gout,  intermittents,  dyspepsia,  &o.  Il'i- 
cine,  the  active  principle,  has  also  been  advised. 
It  is  obtained  by  dissolving  the  alcoholic  extract 
of  the  leaves  of  the  holly  in  water,  and  succes- 
sively treating  it  with  the  subacetate  of  lead,  sul- 
phuric acid,  and  carbonate  of  lime.  The  filtered 
and  evaporated  product  is  then  dissolved  in  alco- 
hol ;  and  the  mixture  filtered  and  evaporated  in 
shallow  vessels. 

Ilex  Cassine,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

Ilex  Major.  From  the  berries  of  this  tree, 
called  bj''  the  Spaniards  Bellotas,  a  juice  may  be 
expressed,  which  forms  a  slightly  astringent 
emulsion  with  water,  and  has  been  recommended 
by  some  Spanish  physicians  in  humid  cough,  hae- 
moptysis, &c. 

Ilex  Mate,  Ilex  paraguensis. 

Ilex  Opa'ca,  American  Holly,  grows  through- 
out the  Atlantic  portion  of  the  United  States.  It 
is  said  to  possess  the  same  properties  as  the  Eu- 
ropean variety. 

Ilex  VxnkGx\'Eyi'Bis,Vihur'nitm  Imviga'tnm.  seu 
Cassinoi'des,  Cassi'ne  Pera'gua  seu  Carolijiia'va, 
I.  Mate;  a  native  of  Paraguay.  It  affords  the 
celebrated  Mattee,  or  Hate,  Folia  Apnlachines  seu 
Pera'gua,  which  is  drunk  in  place  of  the  Chinese 
tea  by  the  people  of  Paraguay.  By  M.  Lenoble, 
of  Montevideo,  the  mate  is  referred  to  Psora'lea 
glandulo'sa. 

Ilex  Vomito'ria,  /.  Cnsi'ne,  Cassi'na,  Da- 
nonn  holly,  Apalach'iiie  GalHs,  South-Sea  Tea, 
Ev'ergreeii  Cassi'ne,  Cassee'na,  Yanpon,  Yopon, 
(F.)  The  des  Apalaehes,  Houx  Apalachine,  Apa- 
lachine,  The  de  la  3Ier  du  Sud,  A  tree,  indige- 
nous in  the  southern  parts  of  the  United  States. 


ILIA 


4  90 


ILLI 


The  leaves,  -when  dried,  are  aromatic,  stimulant, 
stomachic,  and   expectorant,  and  are  used  as  a 
tea.     When  fresh,  they  are  emetic  and  cathartic. 
ILIA,  Flanks. 

ILIAC.  IH'acus,  Il'iaJ,  (F.)  lUaque,  from  Ilia, 
'the  flanlis.'  Relating  to.,  or  connected  with,  the 
flanks. 

Iliac  Arteries,  Arte'ria  Hi'acce.  This  term 
has  been  given  to  several  arteries.  The  Primary 
Jliaes,  (F.)  A.  Iliaques  primitives, — Pelviernrales, 
(Ch.)  arise  from  the  bifurcation  of  the  aorta,  op- 
posite the  body  of  the  4th  lumbar  vertebra,  and 
descend,  in  a  divergent  manner;  imtil,  opposite 
the  sacro-iliac  .«ymphysis,  they  divide  into  two 
considerable  trunks, — the  internal  Iliac  or  hypo- 
gastric (which  see),  and  the  external  Iliac — Por- 
tion Iliaque  de  la  crnrale,  (Ch.)  This  proceeds 
from  the  sacro-iliac  juncture  as  far  as  the  crural 
arch,  when  it  assumes  the  name  Femoral  Artery. 
Before  passing  under  the  arch  it  gives  off  two 
pretty  considerable  branches,  —  the  Epigastric, 
and  the  Circtimflexa  Ilii.  This  last,  which  is 
called,  also,  anterior  Iliac  by  some  anatomists, — 
Circonflexe  de  I'Eium,  (Ch.);  leaves  the  external 
iliac  at  the  crural  arch.  It  ascends  along  the 
outer  edge  of  the  iliaeus  muscle,  and  divides  into 
two  branches — an  internal  and  an  external. 

The  Iliaca  Inter'na  3Iinor  seu  Ilio  Inmhcd'is  is 
a  small  artery,  which  sometimes  arises  from  the 
hypogastric;  at  others,  from  the  beginning  of  the 
gluteal.  It  is  sent,  chiefly,  to  the  psoas  and  ilia- 
eus internus  muscles. 

Iliac  Crest,  Crista  P'ii,  is  the  upper  margin 
of  the  ilium.  (F.)  Crete  Iliaque.  It  is  very  thick, 
and  curved  like  the  Italic  S.  It  affords  attach- 
ment to  the  broad  muscles  of  the  abdomen. 

Iliac  Fossae  are  two  in  number;  the  internal, 
the  depression  presented  by  the  ilium  on  its  inte- 
rior, and  at  the  upper  part  in  which  the  Iliaeus 
internus  is  lodged  : — and  the  external,  an  excava- 
tion on  the  outer  surface  of  the  same  bone,  occu- 
pied by  the  Glnfai  mtiscles. 

Iliac  Muscle,  Internal,  Ili'acus  internus 
Muscle,  Iliaeus,  Iliaco-trochanterien  (Ch.)  ;  Pe- 
7nur  moven'titim  seji'tinms,  Iliac  muscle,  is  situate 
in  the  fossa  iliaca,  and  at  the  anterior  and  supe- 
rior part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  broad,  radiated,  tri- 
angular:  and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  two  upper 
thirds  of  the  fossa  iliaca,  and  to  the  internal  part 
of  the  iliac  crest: — below,  it  terminates  by  a  ten- 
don, which  is  common  to  it  and  the  psoas  mng- 
nus,  and  is  fixed  into  the  lesser  trochanter.  AVhen 
this  muscle  contracts,  it  bends  the  pelvis  on  the 
thigh,  and  conversely.  It  is  also  a  rotator  of  the 
thigh'  outwards,  and  prevents  the  trunk  from 
falling  backwards. 

Iliac  Passion,  Heus. 

Iliac  Regions,  liegio'nes  ili'ac(p,  Inan'ia,  are 
the  sides  of  the  abdomen  between  the  ribs  and 
the  hips. 

Iliac  Spines,  Spinous  Proc"esses  of  the  Ilium, 
are  four  in  number.  They  are  distinguished  into 
anterior  and  posterior.  Of  the  anterior,  one  is 
superior.  It  bounds  the  crista  ilii  anteriorly,  and 
affords  origin  to  the  sartorius  muscle.  The  other 
is  inferior,  and  receives  the  tendinous  origin  of 
the  rectus  femoris. 

The  two  Posterior  Iliac  Sjoines  are  divided, 
lilse  the  anterior,  into  supterior  and  inferior. 
They  afford  insertion  to  strong  ligaments,  which 
unite  the  ilium  with  the  sacrum. 

ILIACO-TROCHANTERIEN,  Iliaeus  inter- 
nus. 

ILIACUS,  I.  internus — i.  Externus,  Pyramid- 
alls. 

ILIADUS,  Ilech. 

ILIAL,  Iliac. 

ILIASTER,  Ilech. 

ILIASTRUM,  Ilech. 


ILIXGOS,  Vertigo. 

ILIO.  In  composition,  relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  the  ilium. 

ILIO-ABDOMINAL,  Obliquus  internus  abdo- 
minis— i.  Aponevrosi-femoral,  Fascia  lata  muscle 
— i.  Costal,  Quadratus  luraborum— ?'.  Crexti-tibinl, 
Sartorius — i.  Femoral,  Coxo-femoral  — i.  Hj'po- 
gastricus  (nervus),  Musculo-eutaneoiis  nerve,  su- 
perior—  i.  Inguinal,  Musculo-cutaneous  nerve, 
inferior  —  i.  Ischii-troclianterien,  Glutseus  mini- 
mus—  i.  Lomho-costo-abdominal,  Obliquus  in- 
ternus abdominis  —  i.  Lumbalis,  Ileo-lumbar,  see 
Iliac  arteries — i.  Zumbi-costal,  Quadratus  lumbo- 
rum — i.  Lumbo-vertebral  ligament,  Ileo-lumbar- 
ligament. 

IL'IO-PECTINE'A,  Peo-pectineal,  belonging 
to  the  ilium  and  to  the  pecten  or  pubis. 

Ilio-Pectineal  Eminence  is  so  called  from 
being  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  ramus  of  the 
ilium  with  that  of  the  pubis.  It  affords  attach- 
ment to  the  psoas  minor. 

Ilio-Pectinea  Lin'ea,  Linea  innomina'ta,  is 
the  projecting  line  or  ridge  of  the  ilium  and  jm- 
bis,  which  forms  part  of  the  brim  of  the  pelvis. 

ILIO-PRETIBIAL,  Sartorius. 

Ilio-Psoi'tis,  from  Ilium,  'the  ilion,'  t//ont. 
'the  loins,'  and  itis.  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  ilium  and  psoas  muscle. 

ILIO-P  UB  0-  COSTO-ABD  OJIINA  L,  Obli- 
quus externus  abdominis — i.  Rotulien,  Rectus  fe- 
moris—  i.  Sacral,  Sacro-iliac  —  i.  Sacral  articula- 
tion, Sacro-iliac  articulation  —  i.  Sacro-femornl, 
Glutaeus  major  —  i.  Scrotal  nerve,  Musculo-cuta- 
neous, superior —  i.  Troehanierien,  Gluteus  me- 
dius — i.  TrocJianterien  petit,  Glut£eus  minimus. 

IL'ION,  Il'ium,  Il'eum,  Haunch,  hone.  The 
largest  of  the  three  bones  which  constitute  the 
OS  innominatum  in  the  foetus  and  child.  It  was 
probably  so  called  from  its  seeming  to  support 
the  intestine  ilion  ;  or,  perhaps,  because  its  crest 
is  curved  upon  itself,  from  tiAtw,  'I  twist,'  'I 
roll.'  This  portion  of  the  os  innominatum  is 
usually  so  called  in  the  adult.  The  posterior 
surface  is  called  Dorsxim,  the  internal  Venter. 
The  upper  semicircular  edge  is  the  Crista  or 
Spine,  at  the  anterior  part  of  which  is  the  ante- 
rior and  snp)erior  spinorts  process;  and,  below, 
the  anterior  and  inferior  spinous  process.  At  the 
back  part  of  the  spine  are  two  spinous  processes, 
the  posterior  and  s^qjerior,  and  posterior  and  in- 
ferior.    See  Iliac. 

ILITIIY'IA,  Ei^£[9uia,  Luei'na,  Juno  Lueina. 
The  goddess  who  presided  over  parturient  fe- 
males, with  the  Greeks  and  Romans. 

ILIUM,  Ileum,  Ilion. 

IL'KESTOX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Ilkeston  is  in  Derbyshire,  England,  about  eight 
miles  from  Nottingham.  The  water  contains 
carbonates  of  lime  and  soda,  chloride  of  calcium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonic 
acid,  sulphohydrie  acid,  and  a  little  iron. 

ILL,  Sick. 

ILLACRYMATIO,  Epiphora. 

ILLECEBRA,  Sedum  — i.  Major,  Sedum  tele- 
phium. 

ILLECEBRUM  POLYGOXOIDES,  Achyran- 
thes  repens — i.  Vermiculare,  Sedum. 

ILLEGIT'IMATE,  Illegifimus,  from  il,  in, 
'negation  or  opposition,'  and  legitimus,  'legiti- 
mate:' from  lex,  legis,  'law.'  Bastard.  That 
which  is  contrary  to  law:  which  has  not  the  con- 
ditions required  by  law,  as  an  illegitimate  birth 
— one  out  of  wedlock  ;  base-born,  love-begot,  love- 
child. 

Illegitimate  or  Bastard  is  also  applied  to 
diseases — -as  fevers,  whose  progress  is  anomalous. 
See  False. 

ILLI,  see  Strabismus. 


ILLICIUM   ANISATUM 


491 


IMPETIGO 


ILLICIUM  ANISA'TUM,  from  ilUcere,  'to 
allure.'  Yell.oio-flowered  Anise,  An'iseed  Tree, 
Star  Anise,  Ani'sum  stella'tnin  seu  Sinen'se,  Se- 
men Badian,  (F.)  Anis  de  la  Chine,  A.  etoile, 
Badiane.  Onl.  Magnoliacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Poly- 
andria  Polygynia.  The  seeds  are  used  like  the 
aniseed.  The  same  tree  is  supposed  to  furnish 
the  aromatic  bark,  called  Cortex  Ani'si  Stella'ti, 
Cortex  Lavola. 

Illicium  Anisatum  is  said  to  furnish  much  of 
the  so  called  Oil  of  Anise,  used  iu  the  United 
States. 

Illicium  FLORinA'Nnir,  Florida  Anise  Tree, 
Star  Anise,  Sweet  Laurel.  An  evergreen  shrub, 
the  bark,  leaves,  &c.,  of  which  have  a  spicy  odour 
like  anise,  and  might  be  used  for  it. 

Illicium  Parviflo'rum,  a  shrub  of  the  hilly 
regions  of  Georgia  and  Carolina,  has  a  flavour 
closely  resembling  that  of  sassafras  root. 

ILLIDES,  see  Strabismus. 

ILLINITIO,  Inunction. 

ILLISIO,  Enthlasis. 

ILLITIO,  Inunction. 

ILLITUS,  Inunction. 

ILLNESS,  Disease — i.  Monthly,  see  Menses. 

ILLOS,  Eye,  see  Strabismus. 

ILLO'SIS,    Ilo'sis,    from     iWog,    'squinting.' 
Distortion  of  the  eyes.     Strabismus. 
.    ILLUSIO  SENSUS,  Hallucination. 

ILLUSION,  Hallucination. 

ILLUTAMENTUM,  see  lUutatio. 

ILLUTA'TIO,  from  il,  in,  'upon,'  and  Intum, 
'mud.'  A  word  used,  by  the  aneients,  for  the 
act  of  covering  any  part  of  the  body  with  mud, — 
illutamen'tam — with  therapeutical  views. 

ILOSIS,  Illosis. 

IM.  In  composition,  generally  means  the 
same  as  in;  occasionally,  however,  it  has  the 
privative  sense  of  vn. 

IMAGINA'TION,  Jmagina'tio,  Figura'tio, 
Plianta'sia,  Dianoe'ma,  from  imago,  imaginis, 
'image.'  The  faculty  of  forming  in  the  mind  an 
assemblage  of  images  and  combinations  of  ideas 
■which  are  not  always  in  connexion  with  external 
objects. 

IBIBALSA3TATT0N,  Embalming. 

IMBECIL'ITY,  Imhecil'litas,  Stupid'itas,  He- 
hetu'do  an'imi,  Oligopsych'ia,  (P.)  ImhecilUte. 
Weakness,  especially  of  the  intellect;  incohe- 
rency  ;   Imhecil'litas  mentis. 

IMBECILLIS,  Infirm. 

IMBECILLITAS  INGENII,  Idiotism,  Imbe- 
cility—  i.  Mentis,  Idiotism,  Imbecility  —  i.  Ven- 
triculi,  Gasterasthenia. 

IMBELLIS  AD  VENEREM,  Frigid. 

IMBER'BIS,  Imher'hus,  Agenei'os,  Apo'gon, 
from  im,  in,  'negation,'  and  larba,  'beard.'  One 
devoid  of  beard. 

IMBIBITIO,  Absorption,  Imbibition. 

IMBIBIT"ION,  Tmbibif'io,  Emp'osia,  Aspira- 
tion, from  imbihere  {in,  and  hibere),  'to  drink,  to 
imbibe.'  The  action,  by  which  a  body  becomes 
penetrated  by  a  liquid.  See  Endosmose.  Many 
of  the  phenomena  of  absorption  are  owing  to 
imbibition. 

Imbibition,  Double,  Endosmose. 

IMBOWELLING,  Exenterismus. 

IMBREX  NARIUM,  Septum  narium. 

IMBRICARIA  SAXATILIS,  Lichen  saxatilis. 

IMMERSUS,  Subscapularis  muscle. 

IM'MINENCE,  Imminen'tin,  from  immineo  {im, 
and  mineo),  'to  hang  over.'  Staying  over,  or 
upon ;  impending.  Some  authors  have  desig- 
nated, by  this  term,  the  period  which  precedes 
th-e  invasion  of  a  disease;  when  certain  indica- 
tions foretell  its  approach. 

IMMINENCE  3I0RBIDE,  Diathesis,  Predis- 
position. 

IMMISSIO  CATHETERIS,  Catheterismus. 


IMMISSOR,  Catheter. 

IMMOBILITAS,  Acinesia— i.  Pupillje,  Amau- 
rosis. 

IMMODERANTIA,  Intemperance. 

IMMODERATIO,  Intemperance. 

IMMOVABLE  APPARATUS,  see  Apparatus, 
immovable. 

IMMUTANS,  Alterative. 

IMPACTED,  Wedged. 

IMPACTION,  Impac'tio,  from  impingcre  {in, 
and  ]}angere,  pactum,  'to  drive  in'),  'to  strike 
against,'  '  a  collision.'  A  fracture  of  the  cranium, 
ribs,  or  sternum,  with  depression  of  some  of  the 
fragments  and  projection  of  others  externally. 
See  Ecpiesma. 

IMPA'TIENS  BALSAMI'NA,  Balsam  weed, 
Touch-me-not.  Ord.  Balsaminacefe.  This  pro- 
bably resembles  the  other  species  in  its  pro- 
perties. 

Impa'tiens  Fulva  and  I.  Pal'lida,  Touch- 
me-not,  Jewel  weed.  Balsam  weed.  Slippers,  CeV- 
andine,  QiiicJc-in-the-hand,  Weath'ercocks,  Snap- 
weed ;  called  from  the  sudden  bursting  of  the 
pods  when  touched.  Indigenous  plants,  having 
tender,  juicy,  almost  transparent  stems,  and 
yellow  flowers,  which  appear  in  July  and  August. 
It  is  found  in  low,  moist  ground,  in  every  part  of 
the  Union.  The  properties  are  probably  the  same 
as  those  of 

Impa'tiens  Noli-i\ie-tan'gei?e  of  Europe,  which 
has  an  acrid  taste,  and  acts  as  an  emetic,  cathar- 
tic, and  diuretic. 

IMPATIENTIA  VESICA,  Cysterethismus. 

IMPEDIMENTUM,  Emphragma. 

IMPEBA  TOIRE,  Imperatoria. 

IMPERATO'RIA,  /.  Ostru'thimn,  SeH'nnm 
ostrii'thium  seu  Imperato'ria,  Angel'ica  officina'lis, 
Astruthium,  Ostrnthium,  Astran'tia,  Mugistron'- 
tia,  j\lasterwort,  (old  F.)  Austniehe,  Impcrntoire. 
Ord.  Umbelliferse.  The  roots  of  this  plant  were 
formerly  considered  divi'num  remed'ium.  They 
are  merely  aromatic  and  bitter,  and  are  not  used. 

Impep>atoria  Sylvestris,  Angelica  sylvestris. 

IMPERFORATE,  Atretus. 

IMPERFORATIO,  Imperforation  —  i.  Ani, 
Atresia  ani  adnata,  Proctatresia — i.  Pupilla?, 
Synezizis — i.  Uteri,  Metratresia. 

IMPERFORA'TION,  from  im,  '  privative,' jaer, 
'through, 'and/o/  at  e.'to  bore.'  Imperfora.'tio,Atre'- 
sia,  Alretis'mus,  Cap'etus.  Absence  of  a  natural 
aperture;  as,  of  tho  mouth,  anus,  vulva,  nostrils, 
&c.  It  is  congenital,  being  dependent  upon  faulty 
conformation. 

IMPERFORATION  BE  L'ANUS,  Atresia 
ani  adnata. 

IMPE'RIAL.  A  pleasnjit,  cooling  drink,  formed 
of  hitartrate  of  potassa,  5ss;  one  lemon,  cut  into 
slices;  white  sugar,  tbss  :  and  water,  Oiij.  Let 
the  mixture  stand  for  half  an  hour,  and  strain. 

IMPETIGINOSITAS,  Impetigo. 

IMPETIG"INOUS,  Impetigiuo'sns,  (F.)  Impi- 
tigineux.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Having 
the  nature  of,  or  relating  to,  impetigo. 

IMPETI'GO,  from  impieto,  'I  invade.'  Impett- 
ginos'itas,  Barta,  Ber'bia,  hn'petus,  Peti'go,  Ec- 
pi/e'sis  seu  Phlysis  impeti'gn.  Lepra  Sqnn- 
mo'sa.  Running  Scall  or  Tetter,  Crnsted,  Pustular 
or  Humid  Tetter  or  Scall,  Cowrap,  (F.)  Dartre, 
D.  criistacSe  ou  croHteuse,  Lepre  hnmide,  Mcli. 
tagre.  A  word  used  in  various  acceptations. 
AVith  some  writers  it  is  s.ynonymous  with  itch.  In 
others,  it  means  a  variety  of  herpes.  Sauvages 
employs  it  as  a  generic  term,  under  which  he 
comprises  syphilis,  scorbutus,  rachitis,  elephanti- 
asis, the  itch,  tinea,  scrofula,  &e.  It  forms,  also, 
a  genus  in  the  class  Cachexies  of  Cullen.  In 
Bateman,  it  is  the  first  genus  of  the  6th  order, 
PustulcB,  and  is  defined  —  the  humid  or  running 
tetter;  consisting  of  small  pustules,  denominated 


IMPETUM    FACIENS 


492 


INCISIVE 


Psydracia.  It  is  unaccompanied  bj'  fever;  not 
contagious,  or  communicable  by  inoculation.  He 
has  five  species:  — the  /.  figara'ta,  I.  sparsa, 
J.  enjaiiielato'des,  I.  scab'ida,  and  /.  rodens.  See 
Psoriasis.  _         . 

Impetigo  Excorticativa,  Ichthyosis  —  i.  Fi- 
gurata,  Porrigo  lupinosa  — i.  Pellagra,  Pellagra 
— i.  Ulcerata,  Zerna. 

IMPETUM  FACIENS,  Enormon. 
IMPETUS,  Impetigo,  Paroxysm. 
IMPLACENTAL,  see  Placenta. 
IMPLIOATIONES    RETICULAP.ES    NER- 
VOPbUM,  Plexus  nervorum. 

IMPLIC'ITI  MORBI,  TmpHca'ti  seu  compH- 
eti'ti  Moi-bi,  horn  im,  'in,'  and  jAico,  'to  fold.' 
Diseases,  which  exist  in  an  organ;  and  produce, 
concurrently,  disorders  in  other  organs. 

IMPLUVIUM,  Embrocation,  Bath,  shower. 
IMPOSTHUME,  Abscess. 
IM'POTENCE,  Acrati'a,  Jmpoten'lia,  I.  gene- 
raadi,  Agenne'sia,  Agen'nesis,  Igna'via  seu  Ig- 
nnv'itas  partnim  genita'Uum,  (F.)  Jmpuissance  ; 
from  im,  '  privative,'  and  potens,  '  able.'  Loss  of 
power  over  one  or  more  of  the  members.  Com- 
monly, it  means  want  of  sexual  vigour;  inca- 
pacity for  copulation;  and  chiefly  on  the  part  of 
the  male.  Astys'ia,  Asti/ph'ia,  Asijno'dia,  Ady- 
numia  viri'Us.  It  has,  also,  been  used  synony- 
mously with  sterility.  Impotence  may  be  abso- 
lute or  relative,  constitutional  or  local,  direct  or 
indirect,  permanent  or  temporary. 

IMPOTENTIA,  7\.dynamia,  Impotence — i.  Ge- 
neranrli.  Impotence. 

IMPOVERISH  KD,  Effe'tus,  Depaupiera'lns, 
(F.)  Appauvri.  'Having  become  poor;'  origi- 
nally from  (L.)  panpcr,  (F.)  pauvre,  'poor.'  The 
Humorists  applied  this  epithet  to  a  humour,  de- 
prived of  a  part  of  its  constituents,  and  particu- 
larly to  the  blood.  This  fluid  was  considered  to 
be  impoverished  when  it  was  pale,  without  the 
proper  consistence,  and  abounding  in  serum.  It 
was,  on  the  contrary,  rich,  in  their  opinion,  when 
of  a  scarlet  colour;  possessing  consistence ;_  when 
it  coagulated  promptly,  and  the  quantity  of 
serum,  compared  with  that  of  the  clot,  was  by  no 
mean*  considerable. 

IMPR^GNATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 
IMPREGNATION.  Fecundation.  Pregniincy. 
IMPRESSIBILITY,  see  Sensibility— i.  Great, 
HyperKsthesis. 

'iMPPtES'SION,  Impres'sio  (in,  and  premere, 
pressum,  'to  press'),  Pros'bole,  (F.)  Empreinte. 
A  more  or  less  deep  indentation  which  certain 
organs  seem  to  make  on  others.  Inequalities 
observable  on  Ihe  bones,  which  appear  to  be 
made  by  the  subjacent  organs. 

Impues'sions  "I)ig"itai.,  Impressio'nes  digita'tcB 
cra'nii,  Fofism  dlgita'les,  are  the  depressions  of 
various  forms,  observable  at  the  inner  surface  of 
the  cranium,  which  look,  at  first  view,  as  if  they 
were  made  with  the  fingers.^ 

IMPRESSIONABILITE,  see  Sensibility. 
IMPU'BER,  Lnpn'bcs,  Impu'bis,   Aiie'bns,  Cn- 
pllla'tiis,  from  in,  'negation,'  tind  puber,  'at  the 
age  of  puberty.'     (F.l  Impnbere.     One  who  has 
not  attained  the  age  of  puberty. 
IMPUBES,  Impuber. 
IMPUDICUS,  see  Digitus. 
IJf PUISSANCE,  Impotence. 
IMPULSE,  DIAS'TOLIC,  Impul'sus  diastoU- 
ieus,  Back  stroke  of  the  heart.     A  jog  or  stroke 
which  has  been  termed  the  'ba.ck  stroke,'  felt  at 
the  end  of  each  pulsation,  and  which  would  seem 
to  be  owing  to  the  refilling  of  the  ventricles. 
Impulse  op  tiifs  Heart,  see  Heart. 
IMPULSION  DU  GCEUR,  see  Heart. 
IMPURITATES  ALVIN^,  FiBces. 
INANIA,  Iliac  regions. 
INANITIATED,  see  Inanitiation. 


INANITIA'TION,  Inanitia'tio,  same  etymon 
as  the  next.  The  act  of  being  exhausted  for 
want  of  nourishment.  One  so  exhausted  is  said 
to  be  inanit"iated. 

INANIT"ION,  Inanit"io,  Inan'itas,  from  ina- 
nire,  inanitum,  'to  empty.'  Ceno'sis.  Exhaus- 
tion for  want  of  nourishment.  To  die  from  in- 
anition is  to  die  from  exhaustion. 

INAPPETENTIA,  Anorexia,  Dysorexia. 
INARTICULATIO,  Enarthrosis. 
INAURA'TION,  Inaura'tio,  from  in,  and   ati- 
ritm,  'gold.'     The  gilding  of  pills  or  boluses. 
INCANTAMENTUM,  Charm. 
INCANTA'TION,     Incanta'tio,    Incantamen' - 
turn,  Ep'ode,  from  in,  and  cantare,  cantatum,  '  to 
sing,' — for  example,  a  magical  song.     A  mode  of 
curing  diseases  by  charms,  &c.,  defended  by  Para- 
celsus, Van  Helmont,  and  others. 

INCARCERA'TIO,  Chatonnement,  Incarcera- 
tion—  i.  Intestinorum  interna,  Enteremphraxis 
— i.  Intestinorum,  Enteroperistole. 

INCARCERA'TION,  Incarcera'tio,  from  in, 
'in,'  and  career,  'prison.'  Hernia  is  said  to  be 
'incarcerated,'  Hernia  incarcera'ta,  when,  owing 
to  constriction  about  the  neck  of  the  hernial  sac 
or  elsewhere,  it  cannot  be  reduced  with  facility. 
Incarceration  is  sometimes  used  in  the  same  sense 
as  strangulation. 

I'NCAR''NAl!iS,Tncarnati'vns,Sarco'ticus,Stal'- 
ticus,  Plero'ticus,  Anaplero'ticiis,  Sarcot'ic,  from 
in,  and  caro,  carnis,  'flesh.'  Medicines,  which 
were  fancied  to  promote  the  regeneration  of  the 
flesh.  Certain  bandages  and  sutures  have,  also, 
been  so  called. 

INCARNATIO,  Incarnation —i.  Unguium, 
Onychogryphosis. 

INCARNA'TION,  Incama'tio,  same  etymon. 
Growth  of  flesh  or  granulations. 
INCARNATUS,  Carneous. 

INCEN'DIUM,  from  incendere  (in,  and  cau- 
dere),  'to  burn.'  Pyrcm'a,  nvpKata,  Causis,  Phlo- 
go'sis.  A  burning  fever  or  anj'  burning  heat. — 
Incen'dium  febri'le,  Incen'sio.  —  Willis.  Inflam- 
mation, Phlegmon. 

Incendium  Spontaneum,  Combustion,  human. 
INCENSIO,  Incendium. 
INCENTIVUM,  Stimulant. 
INCERA'TION,    Incera'tio,    Encero'sis,    from 
in,  and  cera,   '  wax.'     The   act  of  incorporating 
wax  with  some  other  body;  or,  rather,  the  ope- 
ration whose  object  is  to  communicate  to  a  dry 
substance  the  consistence  of  wax. 

INCERNIC'ULUM,   from   incernere    (in,   and 
cernere),  '  to  sift.'     A  strainer  or  sieve. 
INCESSIO,  Bath,  half,  Semicupium. 
INCESSUS,  Walking. 

INCIDEN'TIA,  from  ineidere,  incisum  (in,  and 
ccBdere),  'to  cat.'  (F.)  Incisifs.  This  name  was 
formerly  given  to  medicines  to  which  was  attri- 
buted the  property  of  cutting  thick  or  coagulated 
humours.  The  fixed  alkalies,  hydrosulphurets 
of  alkalies,  sulphurous  water,  Ac,  were  con- 
sidered to  belong  to  this  class. 

INCINBRA'TION,    Inciuera'tio,     Cinera'tion, 
Cinefac'tio,  from  in,  and  cinis,  cineris,   'ashes.' 
In  pharmacy,  a  process  by  which  animal  or  vege- 
table substances  are  reduced  to  ashes. 
INCINCTA,  Pregnant. 
INCISIFS,  Incidentia. 

INCISIO,  Cut,  Incision — i.  Simplex,  Ilaploto- 
mia. 

INCIS'ION,  Incis'io.  En'copie,  Incisu'ra,  Inci'- 
sus.  Tome,  (F.)  TaiUade.  Same  etymon  as  Inci- 
dentia. A  methodical  division  of  soft  parts  with 
a  cutting  instrument. 

INCI'SIVE,  Incisi'vits,  Inciso'rius-,  Fossa  inci- 
si'va  seu  myrtifor'mis,  is  a  depression  in  the  supe- 
rior maxillary  bone,  above  the  incisor  teeth. 


INCISIVUS    MUSCULUS 


493 


INDEX 


I.vcisivE  BoxE,  Intermaxillary  bone — i.  Canal, 
see  Palatine  canals. 

Incisive  Nerve,  Nervus  ineisi'vus.  A  branch 
of  the  inferior  dental  nerve,  which  supplies  the 
incisor  teeth. 

Incisive  Teeth,  Inci'sor  Teeth,  Den'tes  inci- 
so'res  seu  tom'ic!  seu  denes  sen  dicJiaste'res  seu 
(felasi'ni  seu  primo'res  seu  raao'rii.  The  teeth 
which  occupy  the  anterior  part  of  the  upper  and 
lower  jaws  are  so  called,  because  they  are  used 
for  cutting  the  food  in  the  manner  of  cutting  in- 
struments. The  two  middle  incisors  of  the  upper 
jaw  are,  at  times,  called  Butter  teeth. 

INCISIVUS  (MUSCULUS),  Levator  labii  su- 
perioris  proprius  —  i.  Inferior,  Levator  labii  infe- 
rioris  —  i.  Lateralis  et  pyramidalis,  Levator  labii 
superioris  alseque  nasi — i.  Medius,  Depressor  alaj 
nasi. 

INCISOR  TEETH,  Incisive  teeth. 

INCISO'RIUM,  Tomi'on.  An  operating  table. 
A  scalpel. 

INCISORIUS,^  Incisive. 

INCISUPvA,  Echancrure,  Incision  —  i.  Crucia- 
lis,  Crucial  Incision — i.  Isehiadica  Major,  Sciatic 
notch,  greater — i.  Isehiadica  Minor,  Sciatic  notch, 
lesser  —  i.  Lienalis,  Ililus  lienalis — i.  Renalis, 
Hilus  renalis — i.  Scapularis,  Notch,  scapular — ■ 
i.  Septi,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Incisu'ea  Trag"ica,  Notch  of  the  Concha.  A 
wide,  deep  and  rounded  notch,  which  separates 
the  tragus  from  the  antitragus. 

INCISURES  DE  SANTORINI,  Santorini, 
fissures  of. 

INCISUS.  Incision. 

INCITABILITY,  Irritability. 

INCITAMENTUM,  Stimulus. 

INCITANS,  Stimulant. 

INCITATIO,  Stimulation. 

INCI'TO-MOTOR,  (F.)  Incito-moteur.  An  epi- 
thet, applied  to  an  action  the  reverse  of  excito- 
uiotor:  as  in  the  case  of  muscular  motion,  which 
commences  in  the  nervous  centres  and  excites 
the  muscles  to  contraction. 

INCLAVATIO,  Gomphosis,  see  Wedged. 

INCLINATIO.  Decline— i.  Coeli,  Climate. 

INCLUSION,  MONSTROSITY  BY,  Emboife- 
ment. 

INCLUSUS,  see  Wedged. 

INCOCTUS,  see  Crudity. 

INCOHE'RENCE.  Incohe'rency,  (F.)  Anaco- 
Itithie,  lieoasserie ;  from  in,  'negation,  co,  con, 
cum,  'with,'  and  harere,  'to  stick.'  Want  of  de- 
pendence of  one  part  on  another.  The  condition 
of  the  mental  manifestations  in  dementia,  <fee. 

INCOxMPAT'IBLE,  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
cmiipetere,  '  to  agree.'  A  substance,  which  can- 
not be  prescribed  with  another,  without  inter- 
fering with  its  chemical  composition  or  medicinal 
activity. 

INCONTINEN'TIA,  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
contineo,  '1  contain;'  Anepis' chests.  'Inconti- 
nence.' 'Inability  to  retain  the  natural  evacua- 
tion.'    Abuse  of  the  pleasures  of  love. 

In-continentia  Alvi,  Diarrhoea — i.  Urinse, 
Enuresis,  Scoracrasia. 

INCORPORA'TION,  Incorpora'tio,  Corpora'- 
tio,  Ensomato'sis,  Metensomato' sis,  from  in,  and 
corpus,  corporis,  '  a  body.'  An  operation,  by 
which  medicines  are  mixed  with  soft  or  liquid 
bodies,  in  order  to  give  them  a  certain  consist- 
ence. Also,  the  thorough  admixture  of  various 
substances. 

INCRASSAN'TIA,  Incrassaii'va,  Itiviscan'- 
tin,  Spissan'tiri,  Ecpyc'iica,  Condensan'tia,  Pa- 
rhi/n'tica,  Pycnot' !ca,  Pycnicmas'tiea,  from  in, 
and  crassns,  '  thick.'  Medicines  which  were  for- 
merly believed  to  possess  the  power  of  thickening 
the  humours,  when  too  thin.  All  mucilaginous 
substances  were  so  regarded. 


INCRASSATIVA,  Incrassantia. 

IN'CREASE,  Incremen'tum,  Auxis,  Auoce'sis, 
from  in,  and  crescere,  'to  grow.'  (F.)  Accroisse- 
vient.  Augmentation  of  the  size  or  weight  of  a 
body,  by  the  application  of  new  molecules  around 
those  which  already  exist. 

INCREMENTUM,  Augmentation,  Growth, 
Increase. 

INCRUCIATIO,  Decussation. 

INCRUSTA'TION,  hicru-ta'tio,  from  in,  and 
crusta,  'a  crust;'  Coni'asis.  The  act  of  forming 
a  crust  on  the  surface  of  a  body,  as  well  as  the 
crust  itself.  Also,  the  calcareous  deposits  or 
cartilaginous  plates,  which  sometimes  form  in 
organs. 

INCUBATIO,  Incubation. 

INCUBA'TION,  Ineuha'tio,  Incnlifio,  Incn'- 
hitus,  from  incubare,  incnbitnm,  {in,  and  cvbare,) 
'to  lie  upon.'  This  word,  which  is  used  in  natu- 
ral history  for  the  sitting  of  birds  upon  their 
eggs,  is  employed,  figuratively,  in  medicine,  for 
the  period  that  elapses  between  the  introduction 
of  a  morbific  principle  into  the  animal  economy 
and  the  invasion  of  the  disease. 

INCUBITIO,  Incubation. 

INCUBITUS,  Incubation. 

INCUBO,  Incubus. 

IN'CUBUS.  Same  etymon.  In'cnho,  EpiaV- 
fes,  Ephial'tes,  I.  nocfur'nus,  Hypnoj-ihoh'ia,  Epi- 
lep'sia  nocturna,  Asthma  noctur'num,  Pniyal'ion, 
Suc'cxibus,  Oneirodyn'ia  grnvans,  Erethis'nnta 
oneirodyn'ia,  Noctur'na  oppres'sio,  Epib'ule,  Bn- 
bnzica'rius.  Nightmare,  Wildmare,  Riding-hag, 
(Prov.)  Bitch-daughter,  Hella,  (F.)  Cauehemnr, 
Cauchevieille,  Cochemar,  Oneirodynie  gravative. 
Same  etymon.  A  sensation  of  a  distressing 
weight  at  the  epigastrium  during  sleep,  and  of 
impossibility  of  motion,  speech,  or  respiration; 
the  patient  at  length  awaking  in  terror,  after  ex- 
treme anxiety,  Nightmare  is  often  the  efi'eet  of 
difficult  digestion  or  of  an  uneasy  position  of  the 
body.  At  other  times,  it  occurs  in  consequence 
of  severe  emotions.  The  sensation  of  suffocation 
was  formerly  ascribed  to  the  person's  being  pos- 
sessed, and  the  male  spirits  were  called  incubes — 
the  female  succubes.  The  disease  requires  no 
particular  treatment.  The  causes  must  be  avoided. 

IXCUBUS  Vigilan'tium,  Ephial'tes  vigilan'- 
tium,  E.  hypochondri'  acn,  Bay  mare.  This  is  pro- 
duced during  wakefulness;  the  sense  of  pressure 
being  severe  and  extending  over  the  abdomen; 
respiration  frequent,  laborious,  and  constricted; 
eyes  fixed;  sighing,  deep  and  violent;  intellect, 
undisturbed. 

INCUNABULA,  Swathing  clothes. 

INCUNEATIO,  Gomphosis,  see  Wedged. 

INCU'PlABLE,  Incurab'ilis,  Rem'ediless,  Irre- 
me'diable,  Insanab'ilis,  Anal'thes,  Anaces'tos, 
Atherapeu'tus,  from  in,  negative,  and  cura,  cure. 
Not  susceptible  of  cure  ; — applied  to  both  patients 
and  diseases. 

IN  CURIA,  Acedia. 

INCURSUS  ARTERIARUM,  Pulse. 

INCURVATIO,  Gryposis. 

INCUS,  genitive,  Incu'dls,  (in,  and  cudo,  'I 
hammer,')  'an  anvil.'  Aonon,  Os  inca'di  sim'ile, 
Ossic'nlum  Incudi  seu  mola'ri  denti  compara'tum, 
(F.)  Enclume.  One  of  the  small  bones  of  the 
ear,  so  called  from  its  fancied  resemblance  to  a 
smith's  anvil.  It  is  situate  in  the  cavity  of  the 
tympanum,  between  the  malleus  and  orbiculare. 
Its  body  is  articulated  with  the  malleus;  its 
horizontal  ramus,  which  is  the  shortest,  corre- 
sponds with  the  entrance  of  the  mastoid  cells; 
and  its  vertical  ramus  is  articulated  with  the  os 
orbiculare.  The  incus  is  composed  of  a  compact 
tissue,  and  is  developed  from  a  single  point  of 
ossification. 

INDEX,  Di(j"itu8  index  seu  secun'dus  seu  salti- 


INDIAN   ARROW   WOOD 


494 


INFANS 


iator'ius,  Demonstra'tor,  Indica'tor,  Tndicato'riiis, 
Li'chanos,  Deic'ticos,  from  indicare,  'to  point 
out.'     The  forefinger,  index  finger.     See  Digitus. 

INDIAN  ARROW  WOOD,  see  Euonyuius  — 
i.  Paint,  Hydrastis  Canadensis — i.  Piiysie,  Gille- 
nia  trifoliata — i.  Physio,  small-flowered,  Gillenia 
stipulacea. 

INDIAN  SPRINGS,  see  Georgia,,  Mineral 
waters  of. 

INDIA'NA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
medicinal  spring,  near  Jeffersonville,  is  much 
frequented.  Its  waters  are  strongly  impregnated 
with  sulphur  and  iron. 

IN'DICANT,  In'dicana,  Endeic'ticos,  (F.)  Tn- 
dientif.  Same  etymon  as  index.  Any  thing 
which,  in  the  course  of  a  disease  or  in  what  pre- 
cedes or  accompanies  it,  concurs  in  pointing  out 
the  means  to  be  used  for  its  cure. 

INDICATIF,  Indicant. 

IN'DICATING  DAYS,  Dies  In'dices  seu  In- 
dicato'rii  seu  Indican'tea  seu  Contemplan'tes,  (F.) 
Jours  indicateurs.  Hippocrates  and  others  have 
thus  called  the  middle  day  of  the  septenary;  be- 
cause they  imagined,  that  indications  were  some- 
times given  then  of  the  crisis  which  would  occur 
in  the  last  day  of  the  septenary. 

INDICATION,  Indicn'tio,  Acciisa'tio,  Dela'- 
tio,  JEndeix'is,  Eiidex'is,  Docthemat' icum  Semei'oii. 
The  object  proposed  in  the  employment  of  any 
means  which  are  had  recourse  to  for  the  cure  of 
disease.  It  may  also  be  defined— the  manifesta- 
tion afforded  by  the  disease  itself  of  what  is  pro- 
per to  be  done  for  its  removal. 

INDICATOR,  Extensor  proprius  indicis,  see 
Digitus,  and  Index. 

INDICUM,  Indigo. 

INDICUS  COLOR,  Indigo. 

INDIGENCE.  Want. 

INDIG"ENOUS,  Indi;/'ena,  'Inborn.'  From 
i.'.du,  obsolete  for  'in,'  and  (/eno,  obsolete  for 
gigno,  '  I  generate.'  Whatever  is  native  in  a 
country,  in  opposition  to  exotic  ;  as  an  indigenous 
remedy,  indiqenous  disease,  &c. 

INDIGESTION,  Dyspepsia  — i.  Alkaline,  see 
Dyspepsia — i.  Neutral,  see  Dyspepsia. 

INDIGITATIO,  Intussusceptio. 

INDIGNABUNDUS,  Rectus  externus  oeuli. 

INDIGNATORIUS,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 

IN'DIGO,  Indigum,  In'diciint,  Iiidicus  color, 
Pigmen'tum  In'dicum.  A  dye-stuff,  in  small  solid 
masses,  of  a  deep  azure  blue  colour,  and  devoid 
of  smell  and  taste.  It  is  obtained,  by  a  fermenta- 
tive process,  from  Indigofera  anil,  ([.  svffrnli- 
co'sa,)  I.  argen'tea,  (I.  articida'ta  seu  lincto'ria 
seu  glau'ca  seu  colora'ta,)  and  /.  tincto'n'a  seu 
In'dica,  and  is  sometitnes  used  by  the  apothe- 
cary for  colouring  certain  preparations.  It  has 
likewise  been  administered  internally,  of  late,  in 
spasmodic  diseases,  especially  in  epilepsy.  The 
dose  may  be  at  first  grains,  but  it  may  be  ele- 
vated to  drachms. 

Indigo,  False,  (Tall  White,)  see  Sophora 
tinetoria. 

INDIGO,  FA  UX,  Galega  oflScinalis— i.  Weed, 
Sophora  tinetoria. 

Indigo,  Wild,  Sophora  tinetoria  —  i.  Yellow, 
Sophora  tinetoria. 

INDIGOFERA,  see  Indigo,  Sophora  tinetoria. 

INDIGUM,  Indigo. 

INDISPOSIT"ION,  Mala  disposif'io,  Dys- 
phor'ia,  (F.)  Malaise.  From  in,  'negation,'  and 
disponere,  dispositiim,  '  to  put  in  order.'  A 
slight  functional  disturbance,  which  may  scarcely 
bear  the  name  of  disease.  A  feeling  of  sickness — 
eensus  cBgritu'dinis  ;  vulgarly  an  all-overish  feeling. 

IN'DOLENT,  In'dolens,  from  in,  privative,  and 
dolere,  '  to  be  in  pain.'  Exhibiting  little  or  no 
pain.  An  epithet  particularly  applied  to  certain 
tumours. 


INDOLENTIA,  Anodynia. 

IN'DOLES.  A  natural  disposition  or  character. 

Indoles  An'imi.  The  natural  disposition  or 
character  of  mind. 

Indoles  Mokbi.  The  nature  or  character  of  a 
disease. 

INDOSYNCLONUS,  Beriberi. 

INDUC'TIO,  Apago'ge,  from  induccre,  {in, 
and  diicere,  dvctum,  '  to  lead.')  A  word  used  es- 
pecially for  the  action  of  extending  a  plaster  upon 
linen. 

INDUCULA,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

INDUMENTUM  CORDIS,  Pericardium  —  i. 
Nervorum,  Neurilemma — i.  Ventriculorum,  Epen- 
dyma  ventriculorum. 

INDU'RANS,  {in  and  durus,  'hard.')  Sde- 
rot'icus,  Sclenui'iicus,  Scleryn'ticus.  A  medicine 
which  hnrdens  the  parts  to  which  is  applied. 

INDURATIO,  Induration  —  i.  Intestinorura, 
Enteropathia  cancerosa  —  i.  Maligna,  Scirrhus  — 
i.  Renum,  Nephroseleria — i.  Tela;  cellulosas  neo- 
natorum, see  Induration — i.  Ventriculi  scirrhosa, 
Gastroscirrhus. 

INDURA'TION,  Indnra'tio,  Sderys'ma,  Scle- 
rys'mvs,  C'allos'itas,  Iiidnrescen'tia,  Poro'ma,  Po- 
ro'sis,  (F.)  Endurcissement.  The  hardness  which 
supervenes,  occasionally,  in  an  inflamed  part.  It 
is  one  of  the  terminations  of  inflammation,  and  is 
owing  to  a  change  in  the  nutrition  of  the  part. 

Induration  of  the  Are'olar  or  Cellular 
Tissue,  Indura'tio  celhUo'sa,  Induratio  seu  Op- 
pila'tio  telcB  celhdo'sfB  neonato' rum,  Eihmyplioty- 
lo'sis,  CEde'ma  neonato'rwn.  Compact  (Ede'ma  of 
Infants,  Oat'ochus  Ltfan'tum,  Selere'mia,  Sclere'- 
ma,  Selero'ma,  Scleroder'ma,  Cutis  tensa  chron'- 
ica,  Dermatoperisclero'sis,  Derinatoperisclerys- 
mus,  Halonii'tis,  Phlegmasia  celUda'ris,  Scirrho- 
sxtr'ca  neotiato'rum,  Scleri'asis  neonato'ruin,  Scle- 
ro'sis,  Stipia'tio  tela  cellulo'scB  Infantum,  Skin- 
bound  Disease,  Skin-bind,  Skin-tight,  Hidebound, 
(F.)  Endurcissement  du  tissu  cellulaire  ;  CEdeme 
da  tissu  cellulaire  des  nouveau-nes,  As2^hyxie  lenfe 
des  nouveau-nes,  is  a  disease  which  attacks  infants 
a  few  days  after  birth,  and  which  Chaussier  pro- 
posed to  call  Sclereme,  from  axXripof,  'hard.' 

The  Induration  of  the  areolar  tissue  of  the  adult, 
Sclerosteno'sis  cuta'nea,  has  been  regarded  as  the 
result  of  inflammation  of  the  corium,  Chorioni'tis. 

Induration  of  the  Brain,  Sclerencephalia — 
»'.  Grise,  see  Hepatization. 

INDURESCENTIA,  Induration. 

INDU'SIUM,  Chitonis'cos.  Strictly,  'a  shirt,'* 
'a  small  tunic'    Some  have  so  called  the  amnion 

INE'BRIANT,  Ine'brians,  Phantas'ticus;  from 
in  and  ebrio,'I  intoxicate.'  Intoxicating.  An 
agent  that  intoxicates. 

INEBRIATION,  Temulentia. 

INEBRIATION  QUINIQUE,  Quininism. 

INEDIA,  Fasting. 

INER'TIA,  from  in,  'negation,'  and  ars,  artis, 
'art,'  Igna'via,  Ener' vitas.  Sluggishness,  in- 
activity. 

Iner'tia  of  the  Womb,  (F.)  Inertie  de  la  ma- 
trice.  The  diminution  and  even  total  cessation 
of  the  contractions  of  the  uterus  during  labour; 
as  well  as  the  species  of  languor  into  which  it 
sometimes  falls  after  the  expulsion  of  the  foetus. 

INERTIE  PAR  EPUISEMENT,  see  Partu- 
rition— i.  de  la  Matrice,  Inertia  of  the  womb. 

INESIS,  Cenosis. 

INETHMOS.  Cenosis. 

IN  EXTREMIS,  Psychorages. 

IN'FANCY,  Infan'tia,  from  in,  'negation,' and 
fans,  from  fori,  'to  speak.'  Early  childhood. 
Childhood;  Nt'piotes,  Paidi'a,  (F.)  Enfance.  !(■ 
generally  includes  the  age  from  birth  till  the 
seventh  year.     See  Age. 

INFAISrS,    Pai'dion,  Ne'pios,    (Sc.)    Gaitling, 


INFANTIA 


495 


INFLAMMATION 


Gytling,  (Old  Eng.  and  Prov.)  Barn;  (So.) 
Bairn,  (F.)  Enfant.  An  infant,  a  baby,  a  child, 
one  in  infancy.  In  law,  one  who  has  not  attained 
the  age  of  legal  capacity  ;  which  is,  in  general, 
fixed  at  twenty-one  years. 

Inpans  recens  natbs,  Nouveau-ne. 

INFANTIA,  Infancy. 

INFAN'TICIDE,  Infantici'dium,  Tecnocton'ia, 
Child-murder,  from  infans,  'a  child,'  and  cesdere, 
'  to  kill.'  The  murder  of  a  child  newly  born,  or 
on  the  point  of  being  born.  It  may  be  perpe- 
trated by  the  mother,  or  by  some  other  person, 
either  by  commission,  that  is,  in  consequence  of  a 
direct  voluntary  act ;  —  or  by  omission  of  those 
cares  which  are  necessary  for  the  preservation  of 
the  new-born. 

INFARCTIO,  Emphraxis. 

INFARCTION,  Emphraxis. 

INFAR,CTUS,  from  in,  and  farcire,  farcfiun, 
'  to  stuff.'     Emphraxis. 

IxFARCTUs  Intestixohum,  Entcremphraxis — i. 
Hsemoptoicns  Laennecii,  see  Haemoptysis — i. 
Lactei  extremitatum,  Phlegmatia  dolens — i.  Lie- 
nis,  Splenoncus. 

Infarc'tds  Mammae  Lac'teus,  Lactis  eoncre- 
tio'nes,  Nodi  seu  Thrombi  lactei,  Trichiasis  lac- 
tea.  Knotty  tumours  of  the  female  mammse, 
owing  to  the  accumulation  and  arrest  of  milk  in 
the  galactophorous  ducts. 

IxFARCTUs  Uteri,  Metremphraxis. 

INFECTIO  PURULENTA,  see  Pyohajmia. 

INFECTION,  see  Contagion. 

INFECTIOUS,  see  Contagious. 

INFECUNDITY,  Sterility. 

INFECUNDUS.  Sterile. 

INFER'NAL,  Infer' nus;  'relating  to  hell.'  A 
name  applied  to  caustic  —  Lapis  Inferna'lis  —  on 
account  of  its  strong  burning  properties. 

INFIBULA'TIO,  Fibula'tio,  Infibnla'tion,  Anc 
terias'mns;  from  fibula,  '  a,  clasp.'  (F.)  Boucle- 
ment.  An  operation,  formerly  practised,  which 
consisted  in  passing  a  ring  through  the  prepuce, 
after  having  drawn  it  over  the  glans; — in  order 
to  prevent  coition.  The  ancients  employed  infi- 
bulation  with  their  gladiators  to  preserve  all 
their  strength  by  depriving  them  of  venery.  In 
the  women,  to  preserve  their  chastity,  the  ring 
was  passed  through  the  labia  majora. 

INFILTRA'TION,  Infiltra'tio,  from  filtrare, 
'to  filter.'  Eifusion.  The  passage  or  effusion  of 
a  fluid  into  the  areola3  of  any  texture,  and  par- 
ticularly of  the  areolar  membrane.  The  fluid 
effused  is  ordinarily  the  Liquor  sanguinis,  sound 
or  altered  —  sometimes  blood  or  pus,  fmces,  or 
urine.  When  infiltration  of  a  serous  fluid  is 
general,  it  constitutes  anasarca ;  when  local, 
osdema, 

INFILTRATION PURVLENTE,  see  Hepa- 
tization. 

INFINITES'IMAL,  Infinites' imus,  from  in, 
and  yju('<i(s,  '  limited.'  Unlimited.  An  epithet  em- 
ployed by  the  homoeopathists  for  their  endless 
subdivisions  of  drugs  : — the  decillionth  of  a  grain, 
for  example,  is  "an  infinitesimal  dose." 

INFIRM,  Infirm'us,  Imbe'cillis,  DeVilis,  As'- 
thenes,  Hi/poc' rates,  from  in,  negative,  und  firmus, 
'firm.'     Not  firm  or  sound  ;  weak;  feeble. 

INFIRMARIUM,  Hospital. 

KSTFIRMARY,  Hospital. 

INFIRMATORIUM,  Hospital. 

INFIRMIER  (F.),  from  infi.rmus,  (in,  negative, 
and  firmus.)  Infirma'rius,  Nosoc'omus,  Cura'tor 
infirrno' rum.  One  employed  in  an  hospital  or  in- 
firmary to  take  care  of  the  sick. 

INFIRM'ITY,  Infirm'itas,  Astheni'a,  Arrhos'- 
tia,  Invaleta'do.  Any  disease  which  has  become 
habitual,  either  owing  to  its  chronic  character, 
or  its  numerous  relapses. 

INFLA'MED,  (Old  Eng.)  Flamed,  Infiamma'- 


tns,  (F.)  Enfiamvie,  Phlogose,  —  Phlogo'sed,  ac- 
cording to  some.  Same  etymon  as  inflammation. 
Afi'ected  with  inflammation. 

INFLAMMABLE    AIR,     Hydrogen,     carbu- 
retted. 

INFLAMMATIO,  Inflammation,  Phlegmon— 
i.  Abdominalis,  Encoelitis  —  i.  Articuli  Maxillae 
Inferioris,  Hyposiagonarthritis — i.  Auris,  Otitis — 
i.  Bronchiorum,  Bronchitis — i.  Ca;ci,  Tj'phlo-en- 
teritis— i.  Capsulse  lentis,  Phacohymenitis — i.  Ce- 
rebelli,  Cerebellitis  —  i.  Clitoridis,  Nymphitis — i. 
Conjunctivae,  see  Ophthalmia  —  i.  Corneas,  Cera- 
titis — i.  Coxa3,  Osphyitis  —  i.  Crouposa,  Croupy 
inflammation — i.  Cystidis  fellete,  Cholecystitis — 
i.  Debilis,  see  Inflammation  —  i.  Epiglottidis, 
Epiglottitis  —  i.  Erj'sipelatosa,  Erysipelatous  in- 
flammation— i.  Fauoium,  Cynanche,  Isthmitis — i. 
Gastritis,  Gastritis — i.  Genas,  Gnathitis — i.  Gense, 
Melitis — i.  Gingiva;,  Ulitis — i.  Glandularum  lym- 
phaticarum,  Hydradenitis — i.  Glandularum  lym- 
phaticarum.  Lymphadenitis- — i.  Glandularum  sub- 
lingualium,  Ilypoglossiadenitis — i. GultBjffisopba- 
gitis— i.  Hepatis,  Hepatitis — i.  Hepatis  lenta,  He- 
patitis (chronic) — i.  Interna,  Empresma — i.  Intes- 
tinorum,  Enteritis — i.  Iridis,  Iritis — i.  Jecoris,  He- 
patitis— i.  Laryngis,  Laryngitis — i.  Lienis,  Spleni- 
tis—  i.  Ligamentorum,  Syndesmitis  —  i.  Linguae, 
Glossitis — i.  Mediastini,  Mesodmitis — i.  Medullte 
Spinalis,  Myelitis  —  i.  Musculi  psoas,  Psoitis  —  i. 
Musculorum,  Myositis  —  i.  Musculorum  abdomi- 
nalium,  Myocoeliitis  —  i.  Nervorum,  Neuritis — i. 
Oeulorum,  Ophthalmia — i.  (Esophagi,  Oesophagi- 
tis— i.  Omenti,  Epiploitis — i.  Ossis,  Ostalgitis — i. 
Ovarii,  Oaritis — i.  Palati,  Hyperoitis — i.  Pancre- 
atis.  Pancreatitis — i.  Parenchymatica,  Parenchy- 
matitis — i.  Parotidum,  Parotitis,  Cynanche  paro- 
tidjea  —  i.  Pectoris  acuta,  Pneumonia  —  i.  Pera- 
cuta,  Hyperphlogosis,  Hyperphlegmasia — i.  Peri- 
cardii, Pericarditis — i.  Periostei,  Periostitis  —  i. 
Periostei  orbitfB,  Periorbitis  —  i.  Peritonasi,  Peri- 
tonitis—  i.  Pharyngis,  Cynanche  pharyngea  —  i. 
Phrenitis,  Phrenitis  —  i.  Pleurae,  Pleuritis  —  i, 
Pneumonica,  Pneumonia  —  i.  Pulmonum,  Pneu- 
monia—  i.  Renum,  Nephritis  —  i.  Renum  suc- 
eenturiatorum.  Paranephritis — i.  Retinae,  Dictyi- 
tis.  Retinitis — i.  Scleroties,  Sclerotitis — i.  Scroti, 
Oschitis  —  i.  Septi  transversi,  Diaphragmitis  —  i. 
Sinuura  frontalium,  Metopantritis  —  i.  Stomachi, 
Gastritis — i.  Superficiei  internae  cordis,  Endocar- 
ditis—  i.  Telge  cellulosce,  Ethmyphytis  —  i.  Telse 
fibrosee,  Inohymenitis  —  i.  Testium,  Hernia  hii- 
moralis — i.  Tonsillarum,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — i. 
Tunicte  hyaloidese,  Hyalitis  —  i.  Tympani,  Tym- 
panitis—  i.  Urethra,  Gonorrhoea  —  i.  Uteri,  Me- 
tritis— i.  Uteri  catarrhalis,  see  Metritis — i.  Uteri 
et  Peritonaai,  Metroperitonitis — i.  Uvulae,  Uvuli- 
tis — i.  Vasorum,  Angeitis — i.  Vasorum  lymphati- 
corum,  Angeioleucitis — i.  Ventriculi,  Gastritis — i. 
Ventriculi  et  intestinorum,  Gastro-enteritis — i. 
Vesicas,  Cystitis — i.  Vesicae  felleae,  Cholecystitis. 
INFLAMMA'TION,  Inflamma'tio,  from  in, 
and  finmma,  'flame,'  '  fire  ;'  Phleg'mone,  Phhgo'. 
sis,  Ecphlogo'sis,  Epiphleg"ia,  Exap'sis,  Phleg- 
ma'sia,  Causo'ma,  Empres'ma,  Phlo'gia,  Hyi^eren- 
dosmose  (Dutrochet),  Inceii'dium,  HyperhcEmato' - 
sis,  Hyperm'mia  acti'va,  Phleboplero'sis  ecphrac'- 
tica,  (F.)  Angiite,  is  so  called  in  consequence  of 
the  acute  or  burning  pain  felt  in  a  part  affected 
with  it.  An  irritation  in  a  part  of  the  bodj'  is  oc- 
casioned by  some  stimulus; — owing  to  which  the 
blood  flows  into  the  capillary  vessels  in  greater 
abundance  than  natural,  and  those  vessels  become 
over-dilated  and  enfeebled;  whence  result  pain, 
redness,  heat,  tension,  and  swelling;  symptoms 
which  appear  in  greater  or  less  severity,  accord- 
ing to  the  structure,  vital  properties,  and  func- 
tions of  the  part  afi'ected,  and  its  connexion  with 
other  parts,  as  well  as  according  to  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  individual. 


IXFLAMMATION  DBS  AMTGDALES  4  9  6 


INFLUENZOID 


Simple  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  capillaries 
of  the  part  is  hypercsmia,  not  inflammation.  The 
latter  requires,  in  addition,  altered  nutrition 
either  of  the  vessels  themselves,  or  of  the  sur- 
rounding tissues,  or  of  both. 

The  inflammations  of  the  areolar  and  serous 
membranes  greatly  agree;  —  and  those  of  the 
muciius  and  skin  ;  the  former  being  more  active, 
and  constituting  the  p7ile(/monous  ya.Tiety :  —  the 
latter,  the  erythematic  or  erysipelato^is.  Of  this 
variety  is  the  diffusive  inflammation  produced  by 
morbid  poisons, — as  during  dissection,  -where  so- 
lutions of  continuity  exist  on  the  fingers  of  the 
operator.  It  is  seen,  too,  in  workers  in  bone,  and 
hence  has  been  called  hone  fever.  Preparatory  to 
the  turning  of  bones,  it  is  customary  to  macerate 
them  in  water.  The  fluid  soon  becomes  putrid, 
and  if  the  hands  be  kept  in  it  diffusive  inflam- 
mation results.  Inflammation  may  end  by  reso- 
lution, suppuration,  gangrene,  adhesion,  effusion, 
or  induration.  Each  of  the  inflammations  of  in- 
ternal organs  has  received  a  name  according  to 
the  organ  affected;  —  as,  gastritis,  cephalitis,  en- 
teritis, hepatitis,  <tc.  Besides  the  above  inflam- 
mations, it  has  been  considered,  that  there  is  an 
instinctive  kind  established  for  the  union  of  parts 
which  have  been  divided,  whether  the  union 
takes  place  immediately,  or  by  the  aid  of  an  in- 
termediate body.  This  is  the  adhesive  inflam- 
mation of  some;  but  it  may  well  be  questioned 
whether  inflammation  is  ever  desirable  in  such 
cases.  See  Adhesion,  Callus,  Cicatrix.  Brous- 
sais  considered  that  the  term  inflammation  should 
include  every  local  exaltation  of  the  organic 
movements  which  is  sufficiently  great  to  disturb 
the  harmony  of  the  functions,  and  disorganize 
the  texture  in  which  it  is  situate.  He  farther 
extended  the  name  inflammation  to  irritations 
which  do  not  induce  disorganization  of  the  tex- 
tures, and  which  had  been  previously,  and  are 
still,  called /euec*. 

Examination  of  the  blood  drawn  always  exhi- 
bits an  increase  of  the  fibrinous  elements  —  the 
average  proportion  of  which,  in  healthy  blood,  is 
about  three  in  the  thousand.  In  inflammation,  it 
at  times  rises  as  high  as  ten.  In  fevers  unaccom- 
panied with  inflammation,  the  proportion  is  natu- 
ral, or  below  the  average;  but  whenever  inflam- 
mation supervenes,  it  immediately  rises. 

External  inflammation  is  easily  detected  by  the 
characters  already  mentioned  : — internal,  by  dis- 
turbance of  function  and  pain  upon  pressure;  but 
the  last  sign  is  often  not  available.  Both  forms 
require  the  removal  of  all  irritation,  and  the  re- 
duction of  vascular  excitement  and  nervous  irri- 
tability :  hence,  blood-letting — local  and  general 
—  sedatives,  refrigerants,  and  counter-irritants 
become  valuable  remedies  in  almost  all  cases  of 
inflammation. 

Inflammation  is  not  always  of  the  active  kind. 
There  is  a  form, Tnflarnma'tio  deh'ilis,  which  occurs 
in  low  conditions  of  the  system,  and  in  broken 
down  constitutions,  which,  like  many  forms  of 
chronic  inflammation,  requires  a  stimulant,  rather 
than  a  sedative,  mode  of  treatment. 

INFLAMMATION  BES  AMTGDALES, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris — i.  des  Arteres,  Arteritis — 
i.  of  the  Bladder.  Cystitis  —  i.  de  la  Bouche,  Sto- 
matitis—  i.  des  Bronches,  Bronchitis  —  i.  dn  Ccb- 
cum,  Typhlo-enteritis — i.  of  the  Cfecum,  Typhlo- 
enteritis — i'.  du,  Cerveau  et  du  Cervelet,  Phrenitis 
— i.  dn  Ccenr,  Carditis — 7.  dn  Colon,  Colitis — i.  de 
la  Conjoncfive,  see  Ophthalmia  —  i.  of  the  Dia- 
phragm, Diaphragmitis — i.  Diffusive,  see  Inflam- 
mation—  i.  Diphtheritic,  Diphtberitis  —  i.  of  the 
Ear,  Otitis — ■  ?.  de  I'jSpiglotte,  Epiglottitis — i.  de 
I'Estomao,  Gastritis — i.  of  the  Eye,  Ophthalmia — 
i.  du  Foie,  Hepatitis  —  i.  des  Gencives,  Ulitis  —  i. 
Genera],  Synocba  —  i.  of  the  Internal  Membrane 


of  the  Heart,  Endocarditis — i.  Internal,  Empres- 
raa — i.  des  Intestins,  Enteritis — i.  of  the  Iris,  Iri- 
tis— i.  of  the  Kidney,  Nephritis — i.  de  la  Langue, 
Glossitis — i.  of  the  Larynx,  Laryngitis — i.  of  the 
Liver,  Hepatitis  —  i.  de  la  Lnette,  Uvulitis — i.  of 
the  Lungs,  Pneumonia — i.  of  the  Malpighian  Bo- 
dies, Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the — ?.  des  Ma- 
raelles.  Mastitis — )'.  de  la  Matrice,  Metritis — i.  de 
la  Menihrane  alceolo-dentaire,  Periodontitis  —  i. 
de  la  Jfembraite  sereuse  cejjhalo-rachidienne,  Me- 
ningitis— i.  of  the  Jlesentery,  Mesenteritis — i.  de 
la  3loelle  epiniere  ou  rachidievne,  Myelitis  —  i. 
of  the  Mouth,  pseudo-membranous.  Stomatitis, 
pseudo-membranous — i.  of  the  Mouth,  pultaceous, 
AphthiE  —  ?'.  des  Muscles,  Myositis  — ;'.  des  N erf s, 
Neuritis — ?.  de  I'CEil,  Ophthalmia — i.  de  V  Oreille, 
Otitis — i.  de  I'Ovaire,  Oaritis — r.  du  Palais,  Hy- 
peroitis — i.  da  Parenchyme  pidmonaire.  Pneumo- 
nia—  7.  de  la  Parotide,  Cynanche  parotidsea  —  i. 
Pellicular,  Diphtberitis — i.  dn,  Pericarde,  Pe- 
ricarditis-—  i.  of  the  Pericardium.  Pericarditis 
—  i.  du  Peritoine,  Peritonitis  —  i.  of  the  Perito- 
nasum,  Peritonitis — i.  of  the  Pleura,  Pleuritis — ■ 
i.  de  la  Plevre,  Pleuritis — i.  des  Poumons, 
Pneumonia — i.  du  3Iuscle  psoas.  Psoitis — i.  de  la 
Rate,  Splenitis — i.  des  Reins,  Nephritis— =i.  Spon- 
goid,  HEEHiatodes  Fungus,  see  also  Encephaloid — 
i.  of  the  Stomach,  Gastritis  —  i.  de  la  Testicule, 
Hernia  humoralis — i.  of  the  Testicle,  Hernia  hu- 
moralis — i.  des  Tissus  Manes,  Angeioleucitis — i. 
of  the  Tongue,  Glossitis  —  i.  des  Vaisseanx  Lym- 
pliatiqncs,  Angeioleucitis — i.  des  Veines,  Phlebi- 
tis— i.  de  la  Vesicule  du  Fiel,  Cholecystitis — i.de 
la  Vessie,  Cystitis — i.  of  the  Womb,  Metritis. 

INFLAMMATIUN'CULA,  Subinfamma'tio. 
A  superficial  and  often  insignificant  inflamma- 
tion of  the  skin,  as  in  many  cutaneous  affections, 

i:\FLAM'MATOT,.Y, Inflammato'rins ;  Phlog". 
icus,  Phlogo'des,  Phlogis'ticus,  Phlogis'tic,  belong- 
ing to  inflammation  ; — as,  inflammatory  tumour, 
inflammatory  fever,  &a.  The  blood  is  said  to  be 
inflammatory  when  cupped  or  buffed.  See  Co- 
rium  pblogisticum. 

INFLAMMATORY  BLUSH,  Erythema. 

INFLAMMATUS,  Inflamed. 

INFLATIO,  Emphysema,  Puffiness,  Colica 
flatulenta — i.  Parotidum,  Cynanche  parotidsea  — 
i.  Uteri,  Phvsometra. 

INFLEXIO,  Campsis. 

INFLUENCE,  Influenza. 

INFLUENTIA,  Influenza. 

INFLUENZA.  The  Italian  for  'Influence.' 
Influenza  Europm'a,  Infltien'tia,  Catar'rhus  epi- 
dem'icus,  C.  a  conta'gio,  Fehris  catarrTia'lis  epi- 
dem'ica,  Rheuma  epidem'icnm,  Morbus  Yerveci'- 
nns  seu  Catarrha'lis  seu  Arie'tis,  Syn'ochns  seu 
Deflvx'io  catarrha'lis,  Cejjhalal'gia  contagio'sa 
(epidemics  of  the  16th  and  17th  centuries)  :  (F.) 
Tac,  Qninte,  Florion,  Coqueluche,  Baraqnette,  Ge- 
nerale.  Grippe,  Follette,  Grenade,  Coquette,  Co- 
cote,  Petite  Poste,  Petit  Courier,  Allure,  Ladendo, 
Fievre  catarrhale  epidemique ;  Influence,  Epide- 
mic  catarrh.  A  severe  form  of  catarrh  occurring 
epidemically,  and  generally  affecting  a  number 
of  persons  in  a  community.  See  Catarrh,  e|iide- 
niic.  Gluge,  from  his  investigations  considers 
that  the  following  is  the  chronological  order  of 
the  return  of  the  influenza: — 14th  century,  132.3, 
1326— 15th  century,  1410,  1411,  1414— 16th  cen- 
turv,  1510,  1557,  1562,  1574,  1580,  and  1593  — 
17th  century,  1658,  1669,  1675,  1693— 18th  cen- 
tury, 1708,  1712,  1729,  1732,  1733,  1742,  1743, 
1761,  1762,  and  1775— 19th  century,  1800,  1S03, 
1831,  and  1833.  To  these  may  be  added  1S37, 
and  184.3. 

Influenza  Euhop^a,  Influenza. 

INFLUEN'ZOiD,  Influenzo'i'des.  An  express- 
ive but  hybridous  compound:  from  influenza,  and 


INFO  EMIT  AS 


49' 


INFUSUM 


tjiof, 'resemblance.'  Resembling  influenza. — Dr. 
T.  Thompson. 

INFORMITAS,  Deformation. 

INFORTUNIUM,  Contrafissura. 

INFRA-ATLOID^US,  Sub-atloidaus. 

INFRA-AXOID^US,  Sub-axoidseus. 

INFRA-COSTALES,  see  Intercostal  muscles. 

INFRA-MAXILLARIS,  Sub-maxillary. 

INFRAMAXILLOSTERNODYMIA;  Cepha- 
losomatodymia. 

INFRA-ORBITAR,  Sub-orbitar. 

INFRAPUBIAN  LIGAMENT,  Triangular  li- 
gament. 

INFRA-SCAPULARIS,  Subseapularis. 

INFRA-SPINALTS,  Infra-spinatus. 

INFRA-SPINA'TUS,  I^fraxpina'lis,  from  in- 
fra, '  beneath,'  and  spina,  '  spine.'  Situate  be- 
neath the  spine  of  the  scapula. 

Infra-Spin'a'ta  Fossa,  (F.)  Fosse  sons-epi- 
nense.  A  large  excavation  on  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  scapula,  beneath  its  spine.  It  is  filled  by  the 

Infra-SpixATUS  Mtiscle,  Grand  Scopulo-tro- 
chiterien,  Super  scapula' ris  inferior  (Ch.),  (F.) 
Sous-epineux,v!'hi(i''a  is  broad,  flat,  and  triangular. 
It  is  attached,  by  its  base,  to  the  three  inner 
quarters  of  the  fossa  ;  and  is  inserted,  by  a  long 
tendon,  into  the  middle  part  of  the  great  tubero- 
sity of  the  OS  humeri  (Troch'iter).  It  turns  the 
arm  outwards,  and,  when  the  arm  is  elevated, 
carries  it  backwards. 

INFRINGENS,  Corrigent. 

INFUNDIB'ULUM,  {in,  and  fundere,  fusum, 
'  to  pour  out.')  A  Funnel,  Trilo'rium,  Choa'ne, 
Chonos,  (F.)  Entonnoir, — of  which  various  kinds 
are  employed  in  pharmaceutical  operations.  A 
name,  given  to  many  parts  which,  more  or  less, 
resemble  a  funnel.  See  Proventriculus.  It  is  par- 
ticularly appropriated  to  the  following  organs: — 

Infcndib'uluji  of  the  Braim,  Infundib'ulum 
sen  Pelvis  seu  Choa'na  seu  Cy'athus  seu  Scyphus 
seu  ConcJia  seu.  Laeti'na  seu  Em'bolum.sen  AqiicB- 
dnc'tus  seu  Labrum  seu  C'oncav'itas  coiichuht'ris 
seu  Processus  orhicida'ris  Cer'ebri,  (F.)  Enton- 
noir du  ventricule  moyen  du  cerveau,  T!ge  Pitui- 
taire,  T!ge  sns-sphenoidale.  A  depression  in  the 
inferior  paries  of  the  middle  ventricle,  above  the 
pituitary  gland.  It  was,  anciently,  regarded  as 
a  canal  by  which  the  fluid,  collected  in  the  ven- 
tricles of  the  brain,  was  evacuated,  and  poured 
into  the  nasal  fossse. 

Infdndibulum  Cerebri,  I.  of  the  Brain. 

Infundibulum  of  the  Cochlea,  /.  Coch'lecp, 
ScypTius  Vieiisseyi'ii  seu  audito'riiis,  Cucnl'lus,  Ca- 
na'lis  Scala'rum  commii'ni's.  This,  with  the  mo- 
diolus, forms  the  nucleus  around  which  the  gyri 
of  the  cochlea  pass.  It  is  an  imperfect  funnel, 
the  apex  of  which  is  common  with  that  of  the 
modiolus;  and  the  base  is  covered  with  the  apex 
of  the  cochlea,  termed  Cu'pola. 

In  Surgery,  infundibula  or  funnels  are  used 
to  direct  steam  or  vapours;  to  conduct  the  actual 
cautery  to  certain  morbid  parts,  &c. 

Infundibulum  of  the  Ethmoid  Bone,  or  of 
THE  NassalFoss^.  One  of  the  anterior  cells  of 
that  bone,  which  is  broad  and  expanded  above, 
and  narrow  below  ;  opening,  above,  into  the  fron- 
tal sinus;  below,  into  the  anterior  part  of  the 
middle  meatus  of  the  nasal  fossae. 

iNFUNDiBFLrir  OF  THE  Heart,  Conus  arterio- 
sus— i.  of  the  Kidney,  see  Calix  —  i.  Lacrymale, 
Lachrymal  Sac — i.  Tubarum  Fallopii,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian— ;i.  Ventriculi,  (Esophagus. 

INFUSE,  Infusion. 

INFU'SION,  Infu'sio,  En'cJiysis,  from  infm- 
dere  (in,  und  fundere,  fusum),  'to  pour  in,'  '  to  in- 
troduce.' A  pharmaceutical  operation,  which 
consists  in  pouring  a  hot  or  cold  fluid  upon  a  sub- 
stance whose  medical  virtues  it  is  desired  to  ex- 
tract. Infusion  is,  also,  used  for  the  product  of  this 
32 


operation.  (F.)  7»/«»!'o?!, /(//((se.  In  Surgery,  infu- 
sion—  C'hiriir'gia  infuso'ria.  Are  clysrnat'ica  nnva 
— is  the  act  of  introducing  into  the  veins  medicinal 
substances,  by  aid  of  an  instrument  called  Infusor. 
See  Infusoir.  This  mode  of  introducing  medi- 
cines was  called  Ars  infuso'ria. 

Infusion  of  Axgustura,  Infusum  Cusparite 
—  i.  of  Bark,  Infusum  cin'chon.-B  —  i.  of  Buchu, 
Infusum  Diosnife  —  i.  of  Calumba,  Infusum  ca- 
lumbfe — •  i.  of  Cascarilla,  Infusum  cascarillaj  — 
i.  of  Catechu,  Infusum  catechu  compositum  —  i. 
of  Cayenne  pepper,  Infusum  capsici  —  i.  of  Cha- 
momile, Infusum  anthemidis  —  i.  of  Cinchona, 
Infusum  cinchonje — i.  of  Cloves,  Infusum  caryo- 
phyllorum — i.  of  Cusparia,  Infusum  cuspariae  — 
i.  of  Dandelion,  Infusum  Taraxaei  —  i.  of  Fox- 
glove, Infusum  digitalis — i.  of  Gentian,  compound, 
Infusum  gentianse  compositum — i.  of  Ginger,  In- 
fusum Zingiberis  —  i.  of  Hops,  Infusum  humuli 
— i.  of  Horseradish,  compound,  Infusum  armora- 
ciffi  compositum  —  i.  of  Linseed,  Infusum  lint 
compositum — i.  of  Matico,  Infusum  matico — i. 
of  Mint,  compound,  Infusum  menthae  compositum 
— i.  of  Orange-peel,  compound,  Infusum  aurantii 
compositum  —  i.  of  Pareira  Brava,  Infusum  Pa- 
reirse — i.of  Pinkroot,Infusum  spigeliae — i.of  Quas- 
sia,Infusum  quassise — i.  of  Rhatany,Infusum  Kra- 
merise — i.  of  Rhubarb,  Infusum  rhei  —  i.  of  the 
Rose,  Infusum  rosse  compositum  —  i.  of  Sar- 
saparilla,  Infusum  sarsaparillEe  —  i.  of  Sassafras 
pith,  Infusum  sassafms  medullse  —  i.  of  Seneka, 
Infusum  Senegae  —  i.  of  Senna,  Infusum  sennse 
compositum  —  i.  of  Simaruba,  Infusum  simaru- 
b£e  —  i.  of  Slippery  elm,  Infusum  ulmi — i.  of 
Thoroughwort,  Infusum  eupatorii — i.  of  Tobacco, 
Infusum  tabaei — i.  of  Valerian,  Infusum  Valeria- 
nae— i.  of  Virginia  snakeroot,  Infusum  serpenta- 
rise — i.of  Wild  cherry,  Infusum  pruniVirginianse. 

INFUSOIR  (F.),  Infu'sor.  An  instrument 
for  injecting  medicinal  substances  into  the 
veins.  It  was  a  kind  of  funnel,  the  elongated 
apex  of  which  was  stopped  by  a  metallic  rod, 
which  could  be  withdrawn  when  the  apex  was 
introduced  into  a  vein. 

INFU'SUM,  En'chyma.  The  product  of  an 
infusion. 

iNFtJSTiir  AcACi.f;  Catechu,  I.  catechu  compo- 
situm— i.  Amarum  vinosum,  Vinum  gentianse 
compositum — i.  of  Angustura,  I.  eusparise. 

Infusuji  Axthem'idis,  Hydrocharnairae'lum, 
Infusion  of  Cham'omile.  [Antltemid.  for.  §ss; 
05.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  ten  minutes  in  a 
covered  vessel,  and  strain.)     Dose,  f^j  to  f^iss. 

Infusum  Armora'ci^  Compos'itum,  /.  Arrtio- 
racicB  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Comjiound  Infusion  of  Horse- 
radish. {Armorac.  coneis.,  sinapis  cont.,  sing, 
^j  ;  aqucp.  hnllient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours, 
and  strain.)     Dose,  f^j  to  f5iij. 

Infusuji  Auran'tii  Co.mpos'itum,  Compound 
Infusion  of  Orange  Peel.  (Aurant.  cort.  sice,  ^ij  ; 
Union,  cort.  recent,  ^j ;  curyoph.  cont.  "^ss;  aq. 
fervent.  Oss.  Macerate  for  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain. — Ph.  L.)     Dose,  f3iss  to  f.fij. 

Infusum  Brash,  Wort  —  i.  Buchu,  Infusum 
Diosmee  —  i.  Bynes,  Wort. 

Infusum  Calum'b^,  /.  Calom'ba  seu  Colomlm, 
Infusion  of  Columba.  [Calunib.  rod.  concis.  ^ss; 
aq.  fervent.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and 
strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f  §iss  to  ^iij. 

Infusum  Cap'siCI,  Infusion  of  Cayenne  Pepper. 
[Capsic.  in.  pulv.  crass,  ^ss;  aq.  bullient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f^^iss. 

Infusum  Cartophyl'li,  Infusion  of  Cloves. 
(Caryoph.  contus.  ^ij  :  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Mace- 
rate for  two  hours,  and  strain.)     Dose,  f3iss  to 

Infusum  Cascaril'l^,  Infusion  of  Cascarilla. 
(Cascarill.  contus.  ^ j  ;   aq.  bullient.  Oj. 


INFUSUM 


498 


INFUSUM 


rate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.)     Dose,  f^iss  to 

iNFUsujr  Cassia  Senn^,  I.  sennas  compo- 
situm. 

Infcsum  Cat'echu  Compos'itum,  I.  Catechu 
seu  Aca'cia  Catechu,  Infusion  of  Catechu.  (Cate- 
chu, in  pulv.  ,^ss;  cinnam.  cont.  3J  >  ^1-  6"^^'«"'- 
O.i.  Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain.)  Dose, 
f,^iss  to  f,^ij. 

IxFUSUM  Cincho'n^,  /.  CinchoncB  lancifo'Um, 
Infusion  of  Cinchona.  (Cinch,  contus.  ^j  ;  aq. 
fervent.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.) 
This  infusion  may  also  be  made  from  the  same 
quantity  of  bark  in  coarse  powder  by  the  process 
of  displacement  with  hot  or  cold  water.  Dose, 
f^j  to  f^iij.  The  Pharmacopceia  of  the  United 
States  has  an  lufu'sum  Cincho'na  fiavce,  Infusion, 
of  yellow  bark,  and  an  Infusnm  CinchoncB  rubrm. 
Infusion  of  red  bark,  which  are  prepared  in  the 
same  manner.  It  has  also  an  Infu'snm  Cincho'nca 
Compos'itum,  which  is  made  as  follows  :  (Cinchon. 
rubr.  in  pulv.  ^j ;  Acid.  Suljih.  aroniat.  f^j ; 
aqu(E,  Oj.  Macerate  for  twelve  hours,  occasion- 
ally shaking,  and  strain.)  Dose,  same  as  the 
last. 

Infusum  Cinchona  Compositum,  see  Infusum 
Cinchonae — i.  Cinchonas  flavae,  see  Infusum  Cin- 
chonae  —  i.  Colombae,  I.  calumba. 

Infusum  Cuspa'ri^,  /.  Angustti'rm,  Infusion 
of  Cuspa'ria.  (Cuspar.  cort.  contus.  §ss;  nq. 
bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.) 
Dose,  f^j  to  fgiij. 

Infdsom  Digita'lis,  /.  Digitalis  purpu'reae, 
Infusion  of  Foxglove.  (Dk/ital.  ^i;  aq.  bullient. 
Oss ;  tinct.  cinnamomi,  f^j.  Macerate  for  two 
hours,  and  add  sp.  cinnam.  f5J.)     Dose.  f3J. 

Infusum  Dios'm^e,  Ph.  U.  S.,  1842,  /.  Buchu, 
Ph.  U.  S.,  1851,  Infusion  of  Buchu.  (Diosm. 
§j  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours  in 
a  covered  vessel,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose 
fjiss. 

Infusum  Eupatc'rii,  Infusion  of  Thorough- 
wort.  (Eupator.  §j  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate 
for  two  hours,  and  strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dos' 
fgij. 

Infusum  Gentia'n^  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Infusion  of  Gentian.  (Gentian,  eont.  gss;  Au- 
rant.  cort.,  Coriandr.  contus.  aa  3J  j  alcohol,  dilut. 
f^iv;  aquce,  f^xij.  First  pour  on  the  alcohol, 
and  three  hours  afterwards,  the  water ;  then  ma- 
cerate for  twelve  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f^j  to  f,^ij. 

Marsden's  Antiscorbu'iie  Drops,  an  empirical 
preparation,  consist  of  a  solution  of  corrosive  sub- 
limate in  an  infusion  of  gentian. 

Infu'sum  Hu'iruLi,  /.  Lu'puli,  Infusion  of 
Hops.  (Huinul.  ^ss  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate 
for  two  hours,  and  strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
f^iss  to  f3iij. 

Infusum  Junip'ert,  Infu'sion  of  Ju'niper.  The 
common  mode  of  making  this  infusion  is  by  an 
ounce  of  Juniper  Berries  to  a  pint  of  boiling 
water.  The  whole  may  be  taken  in  the  twenty- 
four  hours. 

Infu'sum  Krame'rije,  Infusion  of  Rhat'any. 
(Kramer,  contus.  5J  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate 
for  four  hours,  and  strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
f^iss. 

Infusum  Lini,  I.  L.  compositum. 

Infusum  Lini  Compos'itum  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1851), 
I.  Lini  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842),  /.  Lini  usitatis'simi. 
Infusion  of  Linseed,  Flaxseed  Tea.  (Lini  sem. 
cont.  ,-^ss  :  glycyrrh.  rad.  cont.  ^^ij  ;  aqnm  bullient. 
Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.)  Dose, 
a  teacupful,  ad  libitum. 

iNFusuir  LupcLi,  Infusum  Humuli  —  i.  Malti, 
Wort. 


Infusum  Mati'co,  Infusion  of  J/atico.  (Jla- 
tico,  §ss  (avoirdupois)  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oss  (Imp. 
meas.).  Infuse  for  an  hour,  and  strain. — Ph.  D.) 
Dose,,  f^iss  to  f^ij- 

Infusum  Mentha  Vir'idis,  Infusion  of  Spear- 
mint, Mint  Tea.  (MenthcB  virid.  ^\\j  ;  aq.  bulli- 
ent. Oss.  Infuse  for  an  hour,  and  strain. — Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  f^j  to  f§iij. 

Infusum  Pakei'rje, Infusion  of  Pareira  Brava. 
(Pareir.  ^vj  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oj  (Imp.  meas.).  In- 
fuse for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  E.)  Dose, 
fgjorfgij. 

Infusum  Picis  EMptreumatic^  Liquidje,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  i.  Picis  liquidum,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris — i.  Polj'galaj,  Infusum  Senegse. 

Infusum  Pruni  Virginia 'n.«,  Infusion  of  Wild 
Cherry  Bark.  (Prun.  Virginian,  cont.  §ss; 
aquae,  Oj.  Macerate  for  24  hours,  and  strain. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  fgj  to  fgiij. 

Infusum  Quass'i^,  /.  Quassice  excel's-w,  Infu- 
sion of  Quassia.  (Quassim  lign.  cont.  ,^ij  ;  aq. 
(frigid.)  Oj.  Macerate  for  twelve  hours,  and 
strain.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  fgj  to  fgiv. 

Infusum  Rhei,  An'ima  lihei.  Infusion  of  Rhu- 
barb. (Rhei,  cont.  ^j  ;  aq.  ferv.  Oss.  Macerate 
for  two  hours,  and  strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
■gj  to  fgiv. 

Infcsum  Pios^  Compos'itum,  I.Rosa  GaVhcas, 
Infusion  of  the  Rose.  (Bos.  Gallic,  ^iv ;  aq.  bul- 
lient, Oiiss  ;  acid,  sulph.  d.  f,^iij  ;  sacch.  purif. 
^^iss.  Add  the  water,  and  afterwards  the  acid  : — 
macerate  for  half  an  hour;  strain,  and  add  the 
sugar.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f.^iss  to  Oss. 

Infusum  Sarsaparil'l^,  Infusion  of  Sarsa- 
parilla.  (Sarsaparill.  contus.  5J ;  aqum  bullient. 
Oj.  Digest  for  two  hours  in  a  covered  vessel, 
and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared 
by  displacement.     Dose,  f^ij  to  f^iv. 

Infusum  Sass'afras,  /.  Sassafras  medxdl'cB,  In- 
fusion of  -Sassafras  Pith,  llu'cilage  of  Sassafras 
Pith.  (Sassafras  medull.  Jj  ;  aqucB  (frigid.),  Oj. 
Macerate  for  three  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
An  emollient  collyrium,  and  a  demulcent  drink. 

Infusum  SEN'EGyE,/7i/(f8!(m  Polyg' alee,  Infusion 
of  Seneka.  (Seneg.  ^x  ;  aq.  bullient.  (Imp.  meas.). 
Infuse  for  four  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  E.)  Dose, 

Infusum  Senn^e,  /.  S.  Compos' itum,  I.  CassicB 
SenncB  seu  SenncB  simplex.  Infusion  of  Senna, 
(Sennce,  ^}  :  coriandr.  cont.  ^j  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f^j  to  f,^iv. 

The  Black  Draught,  Black  Dose,  Black  bottle, 
Haustus  niger,  is  usually  formed  of  this  infusion. 
It  may  be  made  of  infus.  sennce,  i^v  ',  aq.  cinnam, 
f^j;  manncB,  ^'iv ;  magnes.  sulph.  ^vj.  Dose,  a 
wineglassful. 

Selway's  Prepared  Essence  of  Senna  is  a  con- 
centrated infusion  of  the  leaves  in  combination 
with  an  alkali. 

Infusum  Senn.e  Compositum,  I.  sennae. 

Infusum  Serpent a'rijs.  Infusion  of  Virginia 
Snakeroot.  (Serpentar.  ^ss;  aq.  bullient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f^iss. 

Infusum  Simaru'b.e,  Infusion  of  Simaruba. 
(Simarub.  cort.  eont.  J^iij  ;  aq.  fervent.  Oj.  Ma- 
cerate for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  E.)    Dose, 

fo.i  to  f^'J- 

Infu'sum  Spige'li^,  Infusiori  of  Pinkroot, 
j  (Spigel.  gss  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two 
hours,  and  strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f^iv  to 
Oss. 

Infusum  Tab'aci,  Infusion  of  Tobacco.  (Ta- 
bacifol.  5J  ;  a q.  ferv.  Oj.  Macerate  for  an  hour, 
and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Half  of  this  per  anum  in 
strangulated  hernia. 

Infusum  Tarax'aci,  Infusion  of  Dan' delion. 


INGA 


499 


INITIS 


(Taraxac.  contus.  ^ij  ;  aq.  lullieiit.  Oj.  Mace- 
rate for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
f^iss,  as  a  diuretic,  &a. 

Infusum  Ulmi,  Jnfits-fon  of  Slip'peri/  Elm, 
Slippery  Elm  Tea.  This  preparation,  in  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  is  made  by 
infusing  one  ounce  of  sVqipery  elm  hark  in  a  pint 
of  boiling  water. 

Infusum  Valeria'NvE,  Infusion  of  Vale'rian. 
(Rad.  valerian,  in  crass,  pulv.  ^ss;  aq.  bullient. 
Oj.  Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f,^iss  to  §ij. 

Infusum  Zinghd'eris,  Infusion  of  Ginger,  Gin- 
ger Tea.  (Zingih.  contus.  ^ss;  aq.  bullient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f.^iss  to  f^ij,  as  a  carminative. 

INGA.  A  genus  of  plants,  Ord.  Legumi- 
nosas,  belonging  to  South  America,  many  of  the 
species  of  which  are  possessed  of  astringent  pro- 
perties. Inga  bark  is  used  in  South  America  as 
a  tonic  astringent  in  diarrhoea,  gonorrhoea,  ifcc. 
An  extract,  prepared  from  it,  possesses  all  the 
properties  of  rhatany. 

INGEN'IUM  {Morbi).  The  nature  or  genius 
of  a  disease,  from  in,  and  geno,  for  gigno,  '  to 
generate.'  This  word  is  employed,  especially  by 
the  French,  synonymously  with  nature.  They 
speak,  for  instance,  of  Genie  injlammatoire, 
bilieux,  &c.  Some,  also,  use  genie  in  the  place 
of  type  of  an  intermittent. 

INGES'TA,  from  in,  and  gerere,  gestum,  'to 
bear  or  carry  into.'  Substances,  introduced  into 
the  body  by  the  digestive  passages;  as  food,  con- 
diments, drinks,  &o. 

INGLU'VIES,  Apiles'tia,  Victus  intemperan'- 
tia: — Gluttony,  Insatiableness ;  also,  the  Crop  or 
Craw  or  Gorge  of  Birds,  (P.)  Jabot;  and  the^)-8t 
■  stomach  or  i^nuneh  of  ruminant  animals — Pen'ula, 
Rumen,  Venter  magnus,  (F.)  Pause,  Herhier, 
Double.     Also,  the  Pharynx. 

INGRAS'SIAS,  APOPH'TSES  OP.  The 
lesser  alae  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

IN  GRAVID ATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

INGRAVIDATION,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

INGRESSUS  SUPERIOR,  Cardia. 

INGUEN,  Bubon,  Bubo,  'the  groin,'  (Prov.) 
Lank,  Last,  Lisk,  Leak;  ^dce'on,  He'patis 
emuncto'ria,  (F.)  Aine.  The  oblique  fold  or  de- 
pression which  separates  the  abdomen  from  the 
thigh.  It  is  only,  properly  speaking,  a  line  that 
extends  from  the  anterior  and  superior  spinous 
process  of  the  ilium  to  the  middle  part  of  the 
horizontal  ramus  of  the  pubis.  Also,  the  genital 
organs. 

IN'GUINAL,  Inguina'lis,  from  inguen,  ingui- 
fiis,  'the  groin.'  'Belonging  or  relating  to  the 
groin.  This  epithet  has  been  given  to  various 
parts  met  with  in  the  region  of  the  groin  or  in- 
guinal region. 

Inguinal  Artery  is  that  portion  of  the  femoral 
artery  situate  immediately  beneath  the  crural 
arch  in  the  inguinal  region. 

Inguinal  Canal  is  a  canal,  about  two  inches 
in  length,  proceeding  obliquely  downwards,  in- 
wards and  forwards  at  the  lower  part  of  the  ab- 
domen ;  through  which  passes  the  spermatic  cord, 
in  men,  and  the  round  ligament  of  the  uterus  in 
women.  This  canal  is  formed,  inferiorly  and  an- 
teriorly, by  the  aponeurosis  of  the  greater  oblique 
muscle ;  posteriorly  by  the  fascia  transveraalis, 
•which  is  joined  to  the  preceding  aponeurosis,  and 
forms  with  it  a  deep  channel,  into  which  are  re- 
ceived the  lesser  oblique  and  transversalis  mus- 
cles. The  inguinal  canal  has  two  apertures;  the 
one,  the  loioer  and  inner,  is  called  the  inguinal  or 
abdominal  ring.  It  is  bounded  by  two  strong 
tendinous  pillars  which  fix  it — the  innermost  to 
the  symphysis,  the  outermost  to  the  spine  of  the 
pubis.     The  upper  and  outer  aperture  is  formed 


by  the  fascia  transversalis.  From  the  edge  of 
this  aperture  arises  a  membranous  funnel, — a 
prolongation  of  the  fascia  transversalis, — which 
receives  the  spermatic  vessels;  forms  their  proper 
sheath,  and  accompanies  them  as  far  as  the  tes- 
ticle. On  its  inside  lies  the  epigastric  artery. 
Above  it,  is  the  lower  edge  of  the  transversalis 
muscle:  and,  below,  it  is  bounded  by  the  channel 
of  the  greater  oblique.  By  following  the  oblique 
direction  of  this  canal,  and  passing,  consequently, 
on  the  outside  of  the  epigastric  artery,  the  viscera 
are  displaced,  so  as  to  constitute  internal  inguinal 
hernia. 

Inguinal  Re'gion,  Re'gio  inguina'lis,  Bubo, 
Inguen.     The  region  of  the  groin. 

Inguinal  Ring,  Abdom'inal  Ring,  An'nulua 
abdom'inis,  (F.)  Anneau  Inguinal,  is  the  inferior 
aperture  of  the  inguinal  canal. 

IN'GUINO-CUTA'NEUS.  A  name  given  by 
Professor  Chaussier  to  the  middle  ramus  of  the 
anterior  branch  of  the  first  lumbar  nerve,  be- 
cause it  sends  its  numerous  filaments  to  the  groin, 
scrotum,  and  to  the  skin  of  the  superior  part  of 
the  thigh. 

INH]:ERENS,  Inherent. 

INHALATIO,  Absorption,  Inhalation — i.  Cu- 
tis, see  Absorption. 

INHALA'TION,  Inhala'tio;  from  in,  and  ha- 
lare,  'to  breathe.'  The  act  of  drawing  air  or  va- 
pour into  the  lungs  —  Inhala'tio  pi^'^l'nona'lis. 
Also,  absorption. 

INHA'LER.  Same  etymon.  An  apparatus 
for  inhalation,  kludge's  Inhaler  is  an  apparatus 
for  inhaling  the  steam  of  hot  water,  in  affections 
of  the  air-passages.  It  consists  of  a  pewter 
tankard  provided  with  a  lid,  into  which  a  flexible 
tube  is  inserted.  Through  this  the  vapour  is 
inhaled. 

INHE'RENT,  Inhcerens,  {in,  and  htp.reo,  'I 
stick.')  That  which  adheres,  or  which  is  joined 
or  united  to  any  thing. 

Inherent  Cautery,  (F.)  Cautire  inherent,  is 
the  actual  cautery,  left  in  contact  with  a  part 
until  it  is  reduced  to  the  state  of  a  deep  eschar. 

INHUMA'TION,  Inh^ima'tio,  from  inhumo,  in- 
humatus,  {in,  and  humus,)  '1  put  into  the  ground.' 
The  sepulture  of  the  dead.  This  belongs  to  the 
subject  of  medical  police.  Also,  digestion  of 
substances  in  earth  or  dung.     See  Areuatio. 

INIAD,  see  Inial. 

IN'IAL,  from  iviov,  'the  nape  of  the  neck.' 
An  epithet,  proposed  by  Dr.  Barclay,  for  an  as- 
pect towards  the  plane  of  the  ridge  of  the  occi- 
put. Iniad  is  employed  by  him  adverbially  to 
signify  'towards  the  inial  aspect.' 

INIENCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Iniencephale,  from 
iviov,  'occiput,'  and  i.-yKt'j)a\oi,  'encephalon.'  A 
monster  whose  encephalon  is  in  great  part  in  the 
cranium,  and  in  part  out  of  it,  behind,  and  a 
little  beneath  the  cranium,  which  is  open  in  its 
occipital  portion. — I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

INIODYMUS,  Diprosopus. 

INION,  iviov.  Some  of  the  Greek  physicians 
give  this  name  to  the  occiput,  or  the  ridge  of  the 
occiput:  others  to  the  back  part  of  the  neck,  and 
the  muscles  of  the  occiput.  Blancard  says  it  is 
the  commencement  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

INIOPS,  Iniope,  from  tviov,  'occiput,'  and  ut//, 
'the  eye,  face.'  A  monster,  double  above  the 
umbilicus,  which  has  two  ears  very  near  each 
other,  or  only  one  median  ear,  and  above  it,  at  a 
greater  or  less  distance,  a  median  orbit  and  eye, 
more  or  less  imperfect.  The  rudimental  face  ap- 
pearing to  be  directly  opposite  the  principal  face 
suggested  the  name. — I.  G.  St.  Hilaire% 

INI'TIS,  Inohymeni'tis,  from  tg,  gen.  ivog,  '  a 
fibre,'  and  itis,  a  sufiix  denoting  inflammation. 
Fibrous  inflammation. 


INITIUM 


INITIUM,  Arche— i.  Asperaj  arteriae,  Larynx 
— i.  Extuberans  Coli,  Cfficum. 

INIUM,  iviov.  The  nucha.  Also,  the  muscles 
at  the  back  of  the  neck.     See  Inion. 

INJACULA'TIO,  {in,  and  jaeulor,  jaculatus, 
'to  shoot.')  A  term  employed  by  Van  Helmont 
to  designate  an  acute  pain  of  the  stomach,  with 
rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  body. 

INJECT'ED,  Injec'tus,  from  injicere,  injectnm, 
(in,  and  jacere,  'to  throw  into.')  The  face  and 
other  parts  are  said  to  be  injected,  when  the  accu- 
mulation of  blood  in  the  capillary  vessels  gives 
them  an  evident  red  colour.  A  subject  or  part 
of  a  subject  is  also  said  to  be  injected,  when  its 
vessels  have  been  filled,  by  the  anatomist,  with 
an  appropriate  composition. 

INJECTION,  Injec'tio,  Els'hole:  same  ety- 
mon. The  act  of  introducing,  by  means  of  a  sy- 
ringe or  other  instrument,  a  liquid  into  a  cavity 
of  the  body.  The  liquid  injected  is  also  called  an 
injection.  Anatomists  use  injections  —  Injeetio'- 
n'es  anatom'icm  —  for  filling  the  cavities  of  ves- 
sels, in  order  that  they  may  be  rendered  more 
apparent,  and  their  dissection  be  facilitated.  For 
this  purpose,  they  employ  syringes  of  different 
dimensions,  and  various  materials.  The  most 
common  injections  are  made  of  soot,  wa.x,  and 
turpentine,  coloured  with  lamp-black,  vermillion, 
Ac.  There  are  three  kinds  chiefly  used  by  ana- 
tomists,—  the  coarse,  the  fine,  and  the  minute. 
The  following  are  formulas  for  each. 

Coarse  Ixjection. 

No.  1. 

Pure  yellow  icax,  oz.  xvj. 

Bleached  rosin,  oz.  viij. 

Turpentine  varnish,  by  measure,  oz.  vj. 

No.  2. 

Yelloiv  rosin,  lb.  ij. 
Yellow  wax,  lb.  j. 

Turpentine    varnish,    a    sufficient    quantity    to 
make  the  mixture  flexible  when  cold. 

No.  3. 
Tallow,  lb.  ij. 
White  wax,  oz.  x. 
Common  oil,  oz.  vj. 
Venice  turpievtine,  oz.  iv. 
Mix  and  liquefy  over  a  slow  fire  or  over  boiling 
water. 

To  make  any  of  these  mixtures. 

Red  —  add  vermillion,  oz.  iij. 

Yellow  —  King's  yellow,  oz.  iiss. 

White — -hest flake  white,  oz.  vss. 

„  1     ,  ,  f  hest  flake  white,  oz.  iiiss. 

Pale-blue      {  n     •', ,  ;, 

{fine  blue  smalt,  oz.  lusa. 

Dark -blue  —  Line  verditer,  oz.  xss. 

Black  —  lamp-Hack,  oz.  j. 

( jMiodered  verdiyris,  OZ.  ivss. 
Green  ■<  best  flake  white,  oz.  iss. 

{^powdered  gamboge,  oz.  j. 

Fine  Injection. 

Brown  sjnrit  varnish,  oz.  iv. 
White  spirit  varnish,  oz.  iv. 
Turpentine  varnish,  oz.  j. 

To  make  this  mixture. 

Red  —  add  vermillion,  oz.  j. 
Yellow  - — •  King's  yelloxo,  oz.  jj. 
White  —  hest  flake  white,  oz.  ij. 
Tio-bt  bl    p    i-fi"^  bhie  smalt,  oz.  iss. 
°  I  hest  flake  white,  oz.  jj. 

Dark-blue  —  blue  verditer,  oz.  iv. 
Black  —  lamp-hlack,  oz.  ss. 


500  INNERVATION 

Minute  Injection. 

Take  of  transparent  size,  broken  to  pieces,  or 
Isinglass,  oz.  viij. 
Water,  lb.  iss.     Dissolve. 

To  make  this  mixture, 

Red — add  vermillion,  oz.  v. 
Yellow  —  King's  yellow,  oz.  iv. 
White — hest  flake  white,  oz.  v. 
Blue — fine  blue  sntalt,  oz.  viij. 

(powdered  verdigris,  oz.  iij. 
Green   ■<  hest  Jlake  white,  dr.  ij. 

[^2^ovxlered  gamboge,  dr.  j. 
Black  —  lamp-black,  oz.  j. 

Beautiful  injections,  are  made  with  ether  as 
the  menstruum. 

Cold    Injection. 

White  lead  and  red  lead,  each,  oz.  iv ;  linseed 
oil,  enough  to  form  a  thick  paste  when  they 
are  rubbed  well  together.    Liquefy  this  paste 
with  turpentine  varnish,  oz.  viij. 
The  advantage  of  this  mixture  is,  that  the  sub- 
ject need  not  be  heated. 

In  order  to  inject  the  arteries,  the  injection 
must  be  forced  from  the  great  trunks  towards 
their  ultimate  ramifications.  To  inject  the  veins, 
on  the  contrary,  it  is  indispensable,  on  account  of 
their  valves,  to  send  the  injection  from  the  smaller 
divisions  towards  the  greater.  The  lymphatics 
are  usually  injected  with  mercury.  The  practi- 
tioner injects,  by  forcing  with  a  syringe,  liquids, 
such  as  emollient,  narcotic,  stimulant,  and  other 
decoctions  or  infusions,  into  different  hollow  or- 
gans, as  the  rectum,  vagina,  nasal  fossaa,  urethra, 
tunica  vaginalis,  auditory  canal,  &c.,  to  fulfil  va- 
rious therapeutical  indications. 

The  following  injection  has  been  strongly  re- 
commended by  Dr.  Horner  to  preserve  the  dead 
body. 

Take  of  Liverpool,  St.  Uhea, 

or  Turk's  Island  Salt,       oz.  36  avoird. 
Nitrate  of  potassa,  "    19 

Carbonate  of  Soda,  "      8 

Molasses  [Sugar-house,)     "     4  by  meas. 
Water,  six  pints. 

The  saline  constituents  to  be  dissolved  first  of 
all  in  boiling  hot  water;  the  molasses  to  be  after- 
wards stirred  in  ;  the  starch  to  be  mixed  well  with 
half  a  pint  of  cold  water,  and  then  to  be  stirred 
in  with  the  other  articles.  As  soon  as  it  begins 
to  boil,  the  whole  mass  swells  up,  when  it  must 
be  removed  from  the  fire.  On  the  proper  reduc- 
tion of  temperature  it  is  fit  for  use. 

Injection,  Matthews's,  see  Tinctura  cantha- 
ridis. 

Injectiones  Anatomic^,  see  Injection. 

INK,  Atramentum. 

INKBERRY,  Prinos  glaber. 

IN-KNEED,  Entogonyancon. 

IN'NATE,  from  in,  and  nascor,  nafiis,  '  I  am 
born.'     Inborn. 

Innate  Diseases,  J/or6i  eonna'ti  seu  congen'- 
iti,  (F.)  Maladies  innees.  Diseases  with  which 
the  infant  is  born.  They  are  not  always  heredi- 
tarv.  as  hereditary  diseases  are  not  always  innate. 

iNNERLEITII'EN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  These  springs,  situate  near  the  Tweed,  and 
supposed  to  be  the  scene  of  "  St.  Ronan's  Weil," 
contain  chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  and 
carbonate  of  magnesia. 

INNERVA'TION,  Innerva'tio,  from  in,  'in,' 
and  nervus,  'a  nerve.'  By  this  term  is  meant  — 
the  nervous  influence,  necessary  for  the  mainten- 
ance of  life  and  the  functions  of  the  various  or- 
gans : — an  influence  of  whose  character  and  source 


INNOMINATUM 


501 


INSCRIPTIONES 


we  are  ignorant.  Ifc  seems  to  resemble  tlie  gal- 
vanic or  electric  agencies.     See  Nerves. 

INNOMINA'TUM,  Anon' y mum,  from  in,  'ne- 
gation,' and  nomen,  'a,  name.'  (F.)  Aiionyme. 
Having  no  name. 

Innomina'ta  Arte'ria,  Brachio-cephal'ic  ar- 
tery, Arte'ria  anon'yma,  Right  Subclavian,  (F.) 
Artere  innominee,  Artere  brachio-cephalique  (Ch.), 
is  the  trunk  common  to  the  right  primitive  carotid 
and  to  the  subclavian.  It  arises  from  the  ante- 
rior part  of  the  arch  of  the  aorta,  ascends  obliquely 
to  the  right,  along  the  trachea;  and  after  a  course 
of  about  an  inch  in  length,  divides  into  two  trunks, 
which  go  off  at  right  angles.  The  one  is  exter- 
nal—  the  ricjht  nuhclaviau  proper/  the  other  sit- 
2)erior  —  the  primitive  carotid,  of  the  same  side. 

Innominata  Cartilago,  Cricoid. 

Innominata  Cav'itas.  A  cavity  of  the  outer 
ear,  between  the  Jielix  and  anthelix. 

Insojiinatum  FoRA'MEJf.  A  foramen,  near  the 
middle  of  the  anterior  surftice  of  the  pars  petrosa 
of  the  temporal  bone,  leading  backwards  for  the 
passage  of  the  Vidian  nerve,  reflected  from  the  2d 
branch  of  the  5th  to  theportio  dura  of  the  7th  pair. 

Inmomi.vata  Fossa,  see  Fossa  —  i.  Linea,  see 
Ilio-pectinea  Linea. 

Innominati  seu  Anonymi  Nervi.  Some  ana- 
tomists have  thus  called  the  nerves  of  the  fifth 
pair. 

iNNOiriNATUM  Os,  Os  Coxen'dicis  seu  Coxm  seu 
anon'ymum  sen  pelvis  latera'le,  (F.)  Os  innoruine, 
Os  Coxal,  Os  anonyme.  A  very  largo,  flat  bone, 
which  forms  the  anterior  and  lateral  paries  of 
the  pelvis.  It  is  curved  upon  itself  in  two  op- 
posite directions.  In  the  first  periods  of  life,  it 
is  composed  of  three  portions:  —  the  ilium,  ischi- 
um, and  pubis,  which  join  each  other  in  the  ace- 
tabulum. It  is  articulated  before  with  its  fellow, 
—  behind  with  the  sacrum;  and  laterally  vrith 
the  femur. 

Innomixata  Mino'ra  Ossa,  Lesser  Ossa  in- 
nominata, Ossio'ula  innomina'ta.  Some  anato- 
mists have  given  this  name  to  the  three  cuneiform 
bones  of  the  tarsus. 

Inxomixata  Ossicula,  Innominata  minora 
ossa — i.  Tunica  Oculi,  Sclerotic. 

Innominatje  Ven^,  of  Vieussens.  Vieussens 
has  given  this  name  to  two  or  three  veins,  which 
arise  on  the  anterior  surface  and  right  margin  of 
the  heart,  and  open  into  the  auricle  towards  its 
right  margin.  The  term  Ve.v^  Innominatje  of 
Meckel  is  given  to  the  brachiocep>halie  veins, 
which  are  generally  included  in  the  description 
of  the  subclavian  vein,  and  correspond  to  the 
arteria  innominata,  being  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  internal  jugular  vein  and  the  subclavian 
properly  so  called,  which  correspond  to  the  com- 
mon carotid  and  subclavian  arteries. 

INNOMINATUS,  Anonymous. 

INNUTRITIO  OSSIUM,  Rachitis. 

INOCULABLE.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Capable  of  inoculation,  or  of  being  communicated 
by  inoculation. 

INOCULA'TION,  Inoeula'tlo,  Insit"io,  Insit"io 
variola'rum,  from  inoculare,  [in,  and  oculus,  'an 
eye,')  '  to  ingraft.'  Any  operation  by  which 
small-pox,  for  example,  may  be  artificially  com- 
municated, by  introducing  the  virus  of  the  parti- 
cular disease  into  the  economy,  by  means  of  a 
puncture  or  scratch  made  in  the  skin.  When  the 
■vord  inoculation  is  used  alone,  it  usually  means 
hat  for  the  small-pox,  —  Variola'tion.  See 
■jyphilization. 

Inoculation,  Cowpox,  Vaccination — i.  Jenne- 
ian,  Vaccination. 

INOC'ULATOR,  same  etymon.  In'sitor.  One 
who  practises  inoculation. 

INODULAR  TISSUE,  see  Tissue,  inodular, 

INODULE,  Tissue,  inodular. 


INOHYLOMA,  Tumour,  fibrous. 

INOIIYMENI'TIS  :  from  n,  gen.  ivog, '  a  fibre  ,' 
'vfxriv,  'a  membrane,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflamma'tio  tel(B  fbro'scs.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  fibrous  tissue. 

INOMA,  Tumour,  fibrous. 

INONCTION,  Inunction. 

INOPOLYPUS,  see  Polypus. 

INORGAN'IC,  Inorgan'icus,  Unor'ganizcd, 
(F.)  Inorganiqne ;  from  in,  'negation,'  and  or- 
ganum,  'an  organ.'  A  term  applied  to  bodies 
which  have  no  organs;  —  such  as  minerals.  At 
the  present  day,  naturalists  admit  of  but  two- 
classes  of  bodies, —  the  organized  and  inorganic. 
Parts  of  the  body  which,  like  the  epidermis,  are 
devoid  of  blood-vessels  and  nerves,  have  been 
called  anorqanic. 

IjSTOSCL'ERO'MA,  from  ij,  gen.  ii^og,  '  a  fibre,' 
and  aK^vpMfia,  'induration.'  Induration  of  the 
fibrous  tissue. 

INOSCULATIO,  Anastomosis. 

INOSIS,  Hyperinosis. 

IN'OSITE,  In'osit,  Muscle  sugar  :  from  ig,  ii/og, 
'a  fibre.'  An  unfermentable  sugar,  found  only  in 
the  juice  of  the  cardiac  muscle. — Lehmann. 

INOSTEATO'MA,  from  ig,  ivog,  'a  fibre,'  and 
steatoma.  A  tumour  of  a  mixed  fibrous  and  stea- 
tomatous  character. 

INQUIES,  Inquietude. 

INQUIETATIO,  Inquietude. 

INQUI'ETUDE,  Inquietu'do,  In'qnies,  Inquie- 
ta'tio,  Jactita'tio,  from  in,  'negation,'  and  quies, 
'rest.'  Agitation  or  trouble,  caused  by  indispo- 
sition.    Restlessness. 

INQUINAMENTUM,  Miasm. 

INQUISITIO  MEDICO-LEGALIS,  see  Me- 
dico-legal. 

INSALIVA'TIOiSr,  Insaliva'tio,  from  in,  and 
saliva.  The  mixture  of  the  food  with  the  saliva, 
and  other  secretions  of  the  mouth. 

INSALU'BRIOUS,  Insahi'bris,  Nose'ros,  No- 
so'des.  That  which  is  unhealthy, — which  injures 
the  health. 

INSANABILIS,  Incurable. 

INS-A.NE,  Insa'nus ;  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
sanus,  'sound;'  Allena'tns,  Crazy,  3fc(d,  Non- 
sane,  Demented,  Deranged,  Bedlamite,  (Sc.)  Daft, 
Wod,  (F.)  -iliene,  Fou,  Insense.  One  affected 
with  mental  aberration,  or  of  unsound  mind. 

INSANIA,  Mania — i.  Cadiva,  Epilepsy — i.  Lu- 
pina,  Lycanthropia — i.  Puerperarum,  Mania,  puer- 
peral. 

INSANITAS,  Insanity. 

INSAN'ITY,  Insa'nia,  Insan'itas.  Same  ety- 
mon. Ifental  aliena'tion,  Abaliena'tio  seu  Alie- 
natio  Mentis,  Arrep'tio,  Unsound  Mind,  De 
range'ment.  Deranged  intellect,  Cra'ziness,  (Sc.) 
Dajfin,  Daffing,  Wudnes;  Aphros'yne,  Eejjhro'- 
nia,  Ec'phros' yne,  Paral'lage,  Parallax'is, 
Delir'ia,  Vesa'nice,  Delir'ium  (Crichton),  Insi- 
pien'tia,  (F.)  Folic,  Egarement  d'Esjjrit,  Para- 
phreiiie.  This  term  includes  all  the  varieties  of 
unsound  mind,  —  Mania,  Melancholia,  Moral  In- 
sanity, Dementia,  and  Idiocy.  A  slight  degree 
of  insanity  is  sometimes  popularly  called  "  a 
kinJc  in  the  head;"  in  Scotland,  "a  bee  in  the 
bonnet." 

Insanity,  Homicidal,  see  Homicidal — i.  Inco- 
herent, Dementia  —  i.  Moral,  Pathomania  —  i. 
Puerperal,  Mania,  puerperal — i.  Religious,  Sebas- 
tomania — i.  Senile,  Delirium  senile — i.  Suicidal, 
see  Suicide. 

INSANUS,  Insane. 

INSCRIPTION,  see  Matriculate. 

INSCRIPTIO'NES  TENDIN'E^  MUSCU- 
LO'RUM,  Intersectio'nes  seu  Enervatio'nes  ten- 
din'ecB  musculo'rum,  Interme' dia  ligamenta'Un  seu 
ner'vea.     The   tendinous    portions   which    cros3 


INSEMINATION 


502  INSTINCTIVE 


general  muscles,  and  especially  the  straight  mus- 
cles of  the  abdomen. 

INSEMINATION,  see  Ejaculation. 
INSENESCENTIA,  Agerasia. 
IN  SENSE,  Insane. 

INSENSIBIL'ITY,  AncBsfhe'sia,  Imei^sihil  i- 
tas.  Loss  or  absence  of  sensibility.  It  is  very 
common  in  cerebral  affections,  and  may  extend 
to  every  part,  or  be  limited  to  one  or  more. 
Some  organs  are  much  more  sensible  than  others. 
The  bones,  cartilages,  ligaments,  &a.,  are  insen- 
sible in  health,  but  acutely  sensible  in  disease. 

INSEN'SIBLE,  Sensihilita'te  carens.  That 
•which  is  devoid  of  sensibility.  This  word  is  ap- 
plied, also,  to  phenomena  -which  cease  to  be  ap- 
preciable to  the  senses.  Thus,  we  say,  the  pulse 
becomes  insensible. 

INSER'TION,  Itiser'tio,  Si/mph'i/sis,  Eno'sis, 
from  inserere,  insertnm,  (in,  and  severe,  '  to  join 
fir  knit,')  'to  ingraft.'  (F.)  Attache.  The  at- 
tachment of  one  part  to  another.  Insertions 
occur  chiefly  on  bones,  cartilages,  and  fibrous 
organs:  thus,  we  speak  of  the  insertion  of  mus- 
cular fibres  into  a  tendon  or  aponeurosis  :  the  in- 
sertion of  a  tendon,  aponeurosis,  or  ligament,  into 
a  cartilage  or  bone.  The  word  insertion  has  like- 
wise been  used  by  pathologists  for  the  act  of  in- 
oculating or  introducing  a  virus  into  the  body. 

INSES'SIO,  from  insidere,  insessum,  (in,  and 
sedere,)  'to  sit  in.'  This  term  is,  sometimes, 
applied  to  a  vapour  bath,  the  person  being  seated 
in  a  perforated  chair,  beneath  which  a  vessel, 
filled  with  hot  water,  or  the  hot  decoction  of  some 
plant,  is  placed.  See  Semicupium. 
INSESSUS,  Bath,  half. 
INSICIUM,  Isicium. 

INSIDEN'TIA,  Epis'tasis.  Any  thing  which 
swims  on  or  in  —  the  urine,  for  example.  It  is 
opposed  to  the  Hi/pos'tasis  or  suhsiden'tia. 
INSIPIENTIA,  Insanity. 
INSITIO,  Inoculation — i.  Ciliorum.  Blepharo- 
plastice  —  i.  Dentis,  Transplantatio  Dentis  —  i. 
Variolarum,  Inoculation. 

INSOLA'TION,  Tnsnla'tin,  from  in,  and  snl, 
the  sun;'  Ap>rica'tio,  Helio'sis,  Heli'asis,  Helio- 
•lo'sis,  Siri'asis.  Exposure  to  the  sun.  Exposure 
of  a  patient  to  the  rays  of  the  sun  is,  sometimes, 
had  recourse  to,  with  the  view  of  rousing  the 
vital  forces  when  languishing,  or  of  producing 
irritation  of  the  skin.  Insolation  is  occasionally 
used  in  the  same  sense  as  ro7ip  de  soleil. 

In  Pharmacy,  insolation  means  the  drying  of 
chemical  and  pharmaceutical  substances. 

TNSOLAZIONE  BE  PRIMIVERA,  Pel- 
lagra. 

INSOM'NIA,  Insom'nitas,  Sahara,  Znara, 
Pervigil'ium,  Pernoctn'tio,  Ayp'nia.  Agryp'rtia, 
Ahyp'nia,  Artj/p'nia,  Typhoma'nia,  Sleep'lessness, 
Vig"ilance,  from  in,  'negation,'  and  somnus, 
'  sleep,'  '  absence  of  sleep.'  This  may  exist  alone, 
and  constitute  a  true  disease  ;  or  it  may  be  con- 
nected with  another  affection.  It  is  an  unequi- 
vocal sign  of  suffering  in  some  organ;  even  when 
the  patient  experiences  no  pain. 
INSOMNTUM,  Somnium. 
INSPECTIO  MEDICO-LEGALIS,  see  Me- 
dico-lpffal. 

TN'^PTRATEUR,  Inspiratory. 
INSPIRA'TION,  Inspira'tio,  Empnenmnto'sis. 
Etsp'nne,  Adspirn'tin,  Aspira'tio,  from  in,  '  in,' 
and  spirn.  'I  breathe.'  The  action  by  which  the 
air  penetrates  into  the  interior  of  the  lungs.  A 
movement  opposed  to  that  of  expiration.  As  re- 
cards  the  average  quantity  of  air  received  into 
the  lungs  at  each  inspiration,  there  is  much  dis- 
crenancy  amongst  observers.  The  following  table 
sufficiently  ex\iibits  this:  — 


Cubic  inches  at 
each  inspiration. 

Reil 42  to  100 

Menzies,  ~| 

Sauvages, 

Hales, 

Haller,  | 

Ellis,  1- 40 

Sprengel, 
Sommering, 
Thomson, 
Bostock, 

Jurin 35  to  38 

Eon  tana 35 

Richerand 30  to  40 

Dalton 30 

Jeffreys 26 

Herbst 24  to  30 

Herholdt 20  to  29 

Jurine  and  Coathupe 20 

Allen  and  Pepys 16^^ 

J.  Borelli 15  to  40 

Goodwyn 14 

Sir  H.  Davy 13  to  17 

Abernethy  and  Mojon  12 

Keutsch 6  to  12 

INSPIRATION  OF  Venous  Blood.  By  this  is 
meant  the  aspiration  of  blood  towards  the  heart, 
occasioned  by  the  approach  to  a  vacuum  pro- 
duced by  the  dilatation  of  the  thorax  during  in- 
spiration. 

IN'SPIRATOET.  Same  etymon.  Lwjm-a- 
tio'ni  inser'viens,  (F.)  Inspiratenr.  A  name  given 
to  muscles,  which,  by  their  contraction,  augment 
the  size  of  the  chest,  and  thus  produce  inspira- 
tion. The  diaphragm  and  intercostal  muscles 
are  the  chief  agents  of  inspiration.  In  cases 
where  deep  inspirations  are  necessary,  the  action 
of  these  muscles  is  aided  by  the  contraction  of 
the  pectoralis  major  and  pectoralis  minor,  subcla 
vius,  serratus  major  anticus,  scaleni,  serratus  pos- 
ticus superior,  &q.  Most  of  these  muscles  be- 
come inspiratory,  by  taking  their  fixed  point  at 
the  part  which  they  ordinarily  move,  and  ele- 
vating the  ribs. 

INSPIS'SANT,  Tnspis'sans.  Same  etymon  as 
the  next.  Any  remedial  agent,  that  renders  ttie 
blood  thicker,  directly,  or  indirectly.  The  oppo- 
site to  diluent. 

INSPISSA'TIO,  Pycno'sis,  from  in,  and  spia- 
sare,  spissatum,  'to  thicken.'  The  act  of  render- 
ing thick  ;  as  in  the  formation  of  an  extract  — 
Siiccns  Inspissa'tus. 

INSTEP,  Collmn  pedis,  Neck-of-the-foot,  (F.) 
Covde-pied,  Con-de-pied.  The  projection  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  foot,  near  its  articulation  with 
the  leg — the  tarsus. 

INSTILLATIO,  Instillation. 

INSTILLA'TION,  Enstalax'is,  Instilla'tio, 
from  in,  '  into,'  and  stilla,  '  a  drop.'  The  act  of 
pouring  a  liquid  drop  by  drop. 

INSTINCT,  (L.)  Instinc'tua,  (in,  and  stinrpio, 
stinctum,  'to  sting,')  'inwardly  moved.'  Bru'tia, 
Horrne.  The  action  of  the  living  principle,  when- 
ever manifestly  directing  its  operations  to  the 
health,  preservation,  or  reproduction  of  a  living 
frame  or  any  part  of  such  frame  —  Moli'men 
natu'rce  suhita'rium.  The  law  of  instinct  is, 
consequently,  the  law  of  the  living  principle, 
and  instinctive  actions  are  the  actions  of  the 
living  principle.  Instinct  is  natural.  Reason  is 
acquired. 

INSTINCTIVE,  Inttinc'tns.  Same  etymon. 
Relating  to  or  caused  by  instinct;  as  instinctive 
actions.  See  Emotional.  Those  instinctive  ac- 
tions of  animals  which  are  owing  to  impressions 
made  on  the  sensory  ganglia,  exciting  respondent 
motor  influences  that  are  propagated  to  the  va- 
I  rious  muscles  of  the  body,  are  termed  consen'aual. 


INSTITUTES   OF   MEDICINE     503 


INTERCOSTAL 


Consensual  movements  which  accompany  volun- 
tary eiforts  without  our  consciousness  are  termed 
associated,  (F.)  Associes. 

INSTITUTES  OF  MEDICINE,  see  Theory 
of  medicine. 

INSTITUTUM  ORTHOP^DICUM,  Ortho- 
pedic institution. 

IN'STRUMENT,  Instrumen'tum,  Or'ganum.  A 
tool,  an  agent. 

INSTRUMENTA,  Pudibilia. 

INSTRUMEN'TUM  CHIRUR'GICUM.  A 
surgical  tool  or  instrument. 

Instrumentum  Digestionis.  The  digestive 
apparatus. 

Ikstrumentum  Instrumentordm,  Manus. 

INSUFFICIENCY,  (F.)  Insnffiaance ;  from 
in,  and  sufficient.  Inadequateness  to  any  end  or 
purpose,  —  as  Insufficiency  of  the  valves  of  the 
he<irt,  (F.)  Insuffisance  cles  valvules  da  Cceur ; — a 
condition  in  which  they  are  not  adapted,  as  in 
health,  to  properly  close  the  apertures. 

INSUFFISANCE,  Insufficiency. 

INSUFFISANCE  DBS  VALVULES  BU 
CCEUR,  Insufficiency  of  the  valves  of  the  heart. 

INSUFFLA'TION,  Insuffla'tio,  from  in,  sub, 
anA  flare,  'to  blow.'  The  act  of  blowing  a  gas 
or  vapour  into  some  cavity  of  the  body;  as  when 
tobacco  smolje  is  injected  into  the  rectum  ;  or 
when  air  is  blown  into  the  mouths  of  new-born 
children  to  excite  the  respiratory  functions. 

INSULA,  Insula  cerebri. 

In'sula  Cer'ebri,  Island  or  In'sida  of  Reil. 
The  intermediate  lobe  of  the  brain,  Lohus  inter- 
me'dius  cer'ebri.  A  remarkable  group  of  convolu- 
tions within  the  fissure  of  Sylvius.  It  is  called, 
by  Cruveilhier,  Lobule  of  the  Fissure  of  Sylvius, 
Lobule  of  the  corpus  striatum.  The  'island'  of 
Reil,  with  the  substantia  perforata,  forms  the 
base  of  the  corpus  striatum. 

I>fSULA  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

INSULiB,  Maculse  alba  — i.  Pulmonales,  see 
Pulmo. 

INSULTUS,  Attack,  Paroxysm. 

INSURANCE  OF  LIFE,  see  Life  Insurance. 

INTEGRITAS,  Sanitas,  Virginity. 

INTEG'UMENT,  Integiimen'tum,  Tegumen'- 
tam,  Teg'umen,  Teg'imen,  Tegmen,  Invohi'crtun 
seu  Velamen'tum  corp'oris  commu'ne ;  Vela'meri 
seu  Velamentum  nati'vum,  from  in,  and  tegere, 
tectum,  'to  cover.'  (F.)  Tegument.  Any  thing 
which  serves  to  cover,  to  envelop.  The  skin,  in- 
cluding the  cuticle,  rete  mucosum,  and  cutis  vera, 
is  the  common  integument  or  tegument  of  the  body. 

INTEGUMEN'TA  FCETUS.  Membranes  of 
the  foetus. 

INTEGUMENTUM,  Integument  — i.  Com- 
mune, Integument. 

IN'TELLECT,  Intellec'tus,  Nous,  3fens,  Gnome, 
Noos,  Nu3,  Noe'sis,  Syn'esis,  from  intclligere,  in- 
tellectum,  {inter,  'between,'  and  legere,  'to 
choose;')  'to  understand,'  'conceive,'  'know.' 
(F.)  Entendement,  Intelligence.  The  aggregate 
of  the  intellectual  faculties — -perception,  forma- 
tion of  ideas,  memory,  and  judgment. 

Intellect,  Deranged,  Insanity. 

INTELLIGENCE,  Intellect. 

INTEM'PERANCE,  Intemperan'tia  ;  Immode- 
ran'tia,  Immodera'tio,  Acra'sia,  Acola'sia,  Pies' - 
mone,  Amet'ria,  Aples'tia,  from  in,  '  negation,' 
and  temperare,  'to  temper.'  Immoderate  use  of 
food  and  drink,  especially  the  latter; — a  fruitful 
source  of  disease. 

INTEMPBR'IES.  Same  etymon.  Dyscra'sia. 
Derangement  in  the  constitution  of  the  atmo- 
sphere and  of  the  seasons;  bad  constitution  ;  de- 
rangement or  disorder  in  the  humours  of  the 
body. 

INTENSIVUS,  Entaticus. 

INTEN'TION,  Inten'tio,  from  in,  and  tendere, 


lensum  seu  tentum,  'to  stretch.'  Propos'itiim. 
The  object  which  one  proposes.  In  surgery,  a 
wound  is  said  to  heal  by  the  first  intention,  lieu'- 
nio  2^er  primam  intentio'nem,  when  cicatrization 
occurs  without  suppuration  ;  union  by  the  second 
intention,  Reu'nio  per  secun'dam  i)itentio' nem, 
being  that  which  does  not  occur  until  the  surfaces 
have  suppurated.  To  obtain  union  by  the  first 
intention,  the  edges  of  a  recent  wound  must  be 
brought  in  apposition  and  kept  together  by  means 
of  adhesive  plasters  and  a  proper  bandage.  Del- 
pech  has  substituted  fur  those  expressions,  Ri' 
■union  jjrimitive,  and  Reunion  secondaire. 

INTERANEA,  Entrails. 

INTERARTIC'ULAR,  Interarticnla' ris ;  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  articulus,  'a  joint.'  Parts 
situate  between  the  articulations  are  so  called ; 
as  interarticular  cartilages,  interurticular  liga- 
ments, &e. 

INTERCA'DENCE,  Intercaden'tia,  Interci- 
den'tia,  from  inter,  'between,'  and  cadere,  'to 
fall.'  Disorder  of  the  arterial  pulsations,  so  that, 
every  now  and  then,  a  supernumerary  pulsation 
occurs.  The  pulse,  in  such  case,  is  said  to  be 
intercurrent. 

INTER'CALARY,  Intercala'ris,  Inter'cidens, 
from  intercalare,  'to  insert.'  Embol'imos.  Inter- 
pola'tus,  Provocato' rius.  The  days  which  occur 
between  those  that  are  critical.  The  term  has, 
also,  been  applied  to  the  days  of  apyrexia  in  in- 
termittent fevers. 

INTERCELL'ULAR,  Intercellvla' ris,  (F.)  In- 
ter cellulaire  ;  from  inter,  '  between,' and  cellula, 
'a  small  cell,  a  cellule.'  That  which  is  between 
cells  or  cellules. 

Intercellular  Fluid,  Liquor  Sanguinis. 

Intercel'lular  Passages.  A  term  given  by 
Mr.  Rainey  to  irregular  passages  through  the 
substance  of  the  lung,  which  form  the  termina- 
tions of  the  bronchial  tubes,  are  clustered  with 
air-cells,  and  not  lined  by  mucous  membrane. 

Intercellular  Substance,  see  Cytoblastema. 

INTERCEP'TIO,  from  infer,  'between,'  and 
capere,  'to  take.'  A  bandage,  by  the  aid  of 
which  the  ancients  proposed  to  arrest  the  pro- 
gress of  the  material  cause  of  gout  and  rheu- 
matism ;  and  which  consisted  in  covering  the 
affected  limbs  with  carded  wool ;  surrounding 
them,  afterwards,  with  broad  bandages,  applied 
from  the  fingers  to  the  axilla,  or  from  the  toes 
to  the  groin. 

Interceptio  Intestinorum,  Ileus. 

INTEB.CERVICAUX,  Interspinales  colli. 

INTERCIDENS,  Intercalary. 

INTERCIDENTIA,  Intercadence. 

INTERCILIUM,  Mesophryon. 

INTERCLAVI C'ULAR,  Interclavicula'ris, 
from  inter,  'between,'  and  clavieula,  'a  clavicle.' 
That  which  is  placed  between  the  clavicles. 

Interclavicular  Lig'ament  is  a  fibrous  bun- 
dle, placed  transversely  above  the  extremity  of 
the  sternum,  between  the  heads  of  the  two  clavi- 
cles. This  ligament  is  flat.  Its  fibres,  which 
are  always  longer  above  than  below,  are  sepa- 
rated by  small  apertures,  which  are  traversed  by 
vessels.  It  prevents  the  separation  of  the  two 
clavicles  in  the  forced  depression  of  the  shoulder. 

INTEPbCOS'TAL,  Intercosta'lis,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  casta,  'a  rib.'  31esopleu'rus,  Me- 
sopleu'rius.  That  which  is  situate  between  the 
ribs.     (F.)  Sous-costal. 

Intercostal  Ar'teries  vary  in  number.  There 
is  constantly,  however,  a  supe'rior,  Arte'rin,  In- 
tercosta'lis supe'rior  seu  Intercosta'lis  subclu'vio, 
which  is  given  off  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
subclavian,  and  which  sends  branches  into  the 
first  two  or  three  intercostal  spaces ;  and,  gene- 
rally, eight  or  nine  inferior  or  aortic  intercostals. 
These  arise  from  the  lateral  and  posterior  parts 


INTERCOSTO-HUMERAL  NERVES      5  0  4 


INTERMITTENT 


of  the  pectoral  aorta,  and  ascend  obliquely  in 
front  of  the  vertebral  column,  to  gain  the  inter- 
costal spaces,  where  they  divide  into  a  dorsal 
branch  and  an  intercostal,  properly  so  called.^ 

Intercostal  Muscles  are  distinguished  into 
internal,  —  inter-plevrocostaux  of  Dumas,  —  and 
external.  The  former  are  inserted  into  the  inner 
lip,  the  latter  into  the  outer  lip  of  the  edge  of  the 
ribs.  The  fibres  of  the  external  intercostals  are 
directed  obliquely  downwards  and  forwards ;  and 
those  of  the  internal  downwards  and  backwards. 
Both  are  inspiratory  or  expiratory  muscles,  ac- 
cording as  they  take  their  origin  on  the  upper  or 
lower  rib.  Some  small,  fleshy  fibres,  seen  occa- 
sionally at  the  inner  surface  of  the  thorax,  de- 
scending obfiquely  from  one  rib  to  another,  have 
been  called  Infracostales. 

Intercostal  Nerve,  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 
Intercostal  Nerves,  Branches  souseostales 
(Ch.),  Costal  or  Dorsal  nerves,  proceed  from  the 
anterior  branches  of  the  dorsal  nerves.  They 
are  twelve  in  number,  and  are  distributed  espe- 
cially to  the  muscles  of  the  parietes  of  the  chest 
and  abdomen. 

Intercostal  Space,  IntervaVlum  seu  Tnter- 
stit"ium  intercosta'le,  Mesojdeu'rum,  Ilesojjleu'- 
rium,  is  the  interval  which  separates  one  rib  from 
that  immediately  above  or  below  it. 

Intercostal  Veins  are  distinguished  like  the 
arteries.  The  right  superior  intercostal  vein  is 
often  wanting.  When  it  exists,  it  opens  into  the 
back  part  of  the  subclavian.  The  same  vein  of 
the  left  side  is  very  large.  It  communicates  with 
the  demi-azygos,  receives  the  left  bronchial  vein, 
and  opens  into  the  corresponding  subclavian.  The 
right  inferior  intercostal  veins  open  into  the  vena 
azygos  ;  and  those  of  the  left  into  the  demiazygos. 

INTERCOS'TO-HU'MERAL  nerves.  So 
called  from  their  origin  and  distribution.  They 
are  the  cutaneous  branches  of  the  second  and 
third  intercostal  nerves. 

INTERCUR'RENT,  Inter  cur' r  ens,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  currere,  'to  run.'  Diseases  are 
so  called  which  supervene  at  different  seasons  of 
the  year,  or  which  cannot  be  considered  as  be- 
longing to  any  particular  season.  —  Sydenham. 
A  disease  is  likewise  so  termed  which  occurs  in 
the  course  of  another  disease,  as  Intercurrent 
Pneumonia. 

INTERCUTANEOUS,  Subcutaneous. 

INTERDEN'TIUM,  from  inter,  'between,' and 
dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth.'  The  interval  between 
teeth  of  the  same  order. — Linden. 

INTERDIGITAIRE,  Interdigital. 

INTERDIG"ITAL,  Interdigita'lis,  (F.)  Liter- 
digitaire ;  from  inter,  'between,'  and  digitus,  'a 
finger.'  That  which  relates  to  the  spaces  be- 
tween the  fingers.  Interdigital  space,  (F.)  Es- 
paoe  interdigitaire,  is  used,  also,  for  the  commis- 
sure between  the  fingers. 

INTERDIGIT"IUM.  Same  etymon  as  the  last. 
A  corn  or  wart,  which  grows  between  the  fingers 
and  toes,  especially  between  the  latter. — Pliny. 

INTEREPINEUX  CERVIGAUX,  Interspi- 
nales  colli. 

INTERFEMINEUM,  Perineum,  Vulva. 

INTERFINIUM  NARIUM,  Septum  narium. 

INTERFCEMIN'EUM,  {inter,  '  between,' and 
femen,  feminis,  the  inner  part  of  the  thigh,) 
Perinffium,  Vulva. 

INTERFORAMINBUM,  Perineeum. 

INTERGAN  GLION'IC,  Interganglion'ieus, 
from  inter,  'between,'  and  ganglion,  'a  knot.'  An 
epithet  for  nervous  cords,  placed  between  gan- 
glia, which  they  connect  together, 

INTERITUS,  Death. 

INTBRL0'BAR,/«to'to6a'W«,  (F.)/»«erZo6niVe, 
from  inter,  'between,'  and  lohus,  *a  lobe.'  That 
which  is  between  lobes, — as  of  the  lungs. 


INTERLOB'ULAR,  Interlohula'ris,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  lohulus,  'a  small  lobe.'  That 
which  is  between  lobules, — as  of  the  lungs. 

Interlobular  Fissures.  The  intervals  be- 
tween the  lobules  of  the  liver.  The  narrower 
spaces  are  called  Eissu'rcB  interlobnla' res,t\ie  wider 
epa'tia  inter' lohida' res. — Kolliher.     See  Liver. 

Interlobular  Plexus  of  the  Biliary  Ducts. 
See  Liver. 

Interlobular  Spaces.  The  angular  inter- 
stices formed  in  the  liver  by  the  apposition  of 
several  lobules. 

Interlob'ular  Tissue,  Textum  interloluln're, 
Ligamen'ta  interlobula'ria  pjiilmo'nnm.  The  cel- 
lular tissue  between  the  pulmonary  lobules. 

Interlobular  Veins,  see  Liver. 

INTERMAX'ILLARY,  Intermaxilla'ris,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  maxilla,  'a  jaw.'  That 
which  is  situate  between  the  maxillary  bones. 

Intermaxillary  Bone,  Inci'sive,  Pal'atine,  or 
Labial  bone,  is  a  bony  portion,  wedged  in  between 
the  two  superior  maxillary  bones,  which  supports 
the  upper  incisors.  This  bone  is  found  in  the 
mammalia ;  and,  also,  in  the  human  foetus. 

INTERMEDE,  Excipient. 

INTERMEDIA  LIGAMENTALIA  seu  NER- 
VEA,  Inscriptiones  tendinese  musculorum. 

INTERMEDIAIRE  BE  WRISBERG,  Por- 
tio  Wrisbergii. 

INTERMEDIATE  VASCULAR  SYSTEM, 
Capillary  system. 

INTERMENT,  PREMATURE,  Zoothapsis. 

INTERMIS'SIGN,  Intermis'sio,  Dialeip'sis, 
Dialiji'sis,  Temjius  intereala' re,  IntervaVlum,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  mittere,  missuin,  'to  put  or 
send.'  (F.)  Intermittenee.  The  interval  which 
occurs  between  two  paroxysms  of  an  intermittent 
or  other  disease — during  which  the  patient  is  al- 
most in  his  natural  state.  There  is  said  to  be 
intermission  of  the  pulse,  when,  in  a  given  num- 
ber of  pulsations,  one  or  more  may  be  wanting. 

INTER3riTTENCE,  Intermission. 

INTERMIT'TENT,  Intermit' tens.  Same  ety- 
mon.    That  which  has  intermissions. 

Intermittent  Fever,  Febris  intermit'tens,  Di- 
aleip'yra.  Intermittens,  An'etus,  Pyretotypo'sis, 
Ague,  Ague  and  Fever,  Fever  and  Ague,  Palu'dal 
or  Pcriod'ic  Fever,  (Prov.)  Agah,  Cold-chill, 
Shaking,  Shakes,  (OldEng.)  ^/fS''-9,  Auggere,  Axes, 
(F.)  Fievre  intennitte.nte,  F.  d'Acces,  F.  des  ma- 
rais,  F.  Periodique,  is  a  fever  consisting  of  pa- 
roxysms, with  a  complete  state  of  apyrexia  in  the 
intervals.  The  chief  types  are  the  Quotidian, 
Tertian,  and  Quartan.  The  symptoms  of  inter- 
mittents  are  those  of  a  decided  and  completely 
marked  cold  stage  :  (F.)  Stade  defroid,  attended 
with  paleness;  collapse;  impaired  sensibility  ;  and 
coldness,  more  or  less  diffused,  followed  by  gene- 
ral rigors.  After  this  occurs  the  hot  stage;  Stade 
de  la  Chaleur,  the  heat  returning  partiallj'  and 
irregularly,  and  at  length  becoming  universal, 
and  much  above  the  standard  of  health.  The 
pulse  is  now  hard  and  strong ;  tongue  white ; 
urine  high-coloured;  thirst  considerable.  At 
length,  the  sweating  stage,  (F.)  Stade  de  Sueur, 
makes  its  appearance ;  the  moisture  usually  be- 
ginning on  the  forehead,  face,  and  neck,  and  soon 
extending  universally ;  the  heat  abating;  thirst 
ceasing;  the  urine  throwing  down  a  sediment, 
and  the  functions  being  gradually  restored  to 
their  wonted  state.  The  tertian  type  is  the  most 
common,  and  the  quartan  the  most  severe.  The 
quotidian  more  readily  changes  into  a  remittent 
and  continued  fever.  The  quartan  has,  generally, 
the  longest  cold  stage,  the  tertian  the  longest  hot. 
The  chief  exciting  cause  is  marsh  miasmata. 
Ague,  also,  occurs  in  districts  where  there  are  no 
marshy  emanations.      Such  districts  are,  gene- 


INTERMUSCULAR 


505 


INTERSCAPULAR 


rally,  of  a  volcanic  nature;  further  we  know  not. 
AVhen  the  disease  has  once  attacked  an  individual, 
it  is  apt  to  recur.  The  prognosis  is,  in  general, 
favourable,  as  far  as  regards  life ;  but  long  pro- 
tracted intermittents  are  apt  to  induce  visceral 
obstructions,  and  engorgements,  which  may  end 
in  dropsy.  In  some  countries,  the  disease  is  of 
a  very  pernicious  character.  The  indications  of 
treatment  are,  1.  To  abate  the  violence  of  the 
paroxysm;  and,  2.  To  prevent  its  return.  The 
first  indication  demands  the  adoption  of  the  gene- 
ral principles  and  remedies  required  in  ordinary 
fever.  The  second  is  the  most  important.  The 
period  of  apyrexia  is  that  for  action.  The  means 
for  fulfilling  this  indication  are:  —  the  use  of 
emetics,  purgatives,  cinchona, c{uinia,  &o.,  arsenic, 
and  forcible  impressions  made  on  the  mind  of  the 
patient. 

INTERMUS'CULAR,  Intermuscula'ris,  from 
inter,  '  between,'  and  musculas,  '  a  muscle.'  That 
which  is  placed  between  muscles. 

Intermuscular  Aponeuro'sks  are  aponeu- 
rotic laminaj  or  septa,  situate  between  muscles, 
to  which  they  often  give  attachment. 

INTER'NAL,  Inner,  Inter'nus.  That  which  is 
placed  on  the  inside.  This  epithet  is  given  to 
parts  that  look  towards  an  imaginary  central 
plane,  which  divides  the  body  into  two  equal  and 
symmetrical  portions,  as  well  as  to  those  which 
correspond  with  a  cavity.  Thus,  we  snj^ — the  in- 
ternal or  inner  surface  of  the  arm  or  thigli,  skull, 
&e. 

Internal  Diseases,  Iforhi  inter' ni,  are  those 
which  occupy  the  inner  parts  of  the  body.  Their 
investigation  belongs  to  the  phj'sician  ;  external 
diseases  falling  under  the  management  of  the 
surgeon. 

INTERNAT.    The  post  or  ofiice  of  an  interne. 
INTERNE,  see  House-Surgeon, 
INTERNODIA  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers  —  i.  Digitorum  pedis,  Pha- 
langes of  the  toes. 

INTERXO'DIUM,  from  inter,  'between,'  and 
nodus,  'a  knot.'  The  part  of  the  fingers  between 
the  joints.     A  phalanx. 

INTERNUN'CIAL,  Intemuncia'liH.  irom  inter, 
'between,'  and  nitHCi'i/s,  "a  messenger.'  Relating 
or  belonging  to  a  messenger  between  parties.  A 
term  applied  by  Mr.  Hunter  to  the  functions  of 
the  nervous  system. 

INTERNUNTII  DIES,  Critical  days. 
INTERNES  AURIS,  Tensor  tympani— i.  Mal- 
lei, Tensor  tympani. 

INTEROS'SEOUS,  Literos'sevs.  That  which 
is  situate  between  the  bones;  from  inter,  'be- 
tween,' and  OS,  '  a  bone.' 

Interosseous  Ar'teries  of  the  Forearm 
AND  Hand.  Of  these  there  are  several.  The 
common  interosseous  artery  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  ulnar,  a  little  below  the  bicipital 
tuberosity  of  the  radius ;  passes  backwards  and 
divides  into  two  branches  :  the  one  called  ante- 
rior interosseous  descends  vertically,  anterior  to 
the  interosseous  ligament;  the  other,  called  pos- 
terior interosseous,  passes  above  the  ligament, 
appears  at  its  posterior  part  and  divides  into  two 
great  branches,  —  the  posterior  recurrent  radial 
and  the  posterior  interosseous,  properly  so  called. 
In  the  hand. — 1.  The  dorsal  tnetaearpal  interos- 
seous arteries  are  given  off  by  the  dorsalis  car]}!, 
a  division  of  the  radial  artery.  2.  The  palmar 
interosseous  arteries,  which  arise  from  the  con- 
vexity of  the  deep  palmar  arch,  and  give  off  the 
middle  interosseous  arteries.  3.  The  dorsal  inter- 
osseous of  the  index,  proceeding  directly  from  the 
radial  artery.  In  the  foot,  are  distinguished:  — 
1.  The  dorsal  interosseous  arteries,  three  in  num- 
ber, which  arise  from  the  artery  of  the  metatar- 
sus, a  branch  of  the  dorsalis  tarsi.    2.  Iht plantar 


interosseous    arteries,   which    are,    also,   three    in 
number,  and  arise  from  the  plantar  arch. 

Interosseous  Lig'aments.  Ligaments  seated 
between  certain  bones,  which  they  unite;  such 
are  the  ligaments  between  the  radius  and  ulna, 
and  between  the  tibia  and  fibula. 

Interosseous  Muscles.  These  occupy  the 
spaces  between  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus  and 
metatarsus;  and,  consequently,  belong, — some  to 
the  hand,  others  to  the  foot. 

Interosseous  Nerve  is  a  branch,  given  off  by 
the  median  nerve,  which  descends  before  the  in- 
terosseous ligament,  accompanying  the  artery  of 
the  same  name. 

Interosseous  Veins  have  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arteries. 

Interosseus  Manus,  (F.)  lluscle  interosseux 
de  la  main.  —  Metacarpo-jihalangi en-lateral  sus- 
palmaire  et  metacarpo-phalangien  lateral,  (Ch.) 
These  muscles  are  seven  in  number;  two  for  each 
of  the  three  middle  fingers,  and  one  for  the  little 
finger.  Four  are  situate  on  the  back  of  the  hand, 
and  three  only  in  the  palm.  They  are  inserted 
into  the  metacarpal  bones,  and  send  a  tendon  to 
the  tendon  of  the  extensor  communis.  Accord- 
ing to  their  oflSce,  they  are,  to  each  finger,  an  ad- 
ductor and  an  ahductor.  The  index  has  a  dorsal 
abductor  and  a  palmar  one.  The  middle  fnger 
has  two  dorsal  muscles  for  adductor  and  abduc- 
tor; the  ring  finger  has  a  dorsal  adductor  and  a 
palmar  abductor;  and  the  little  finger  has  only 
one  interosseous  abductor,  which  is  palmar. 
These  muscles  produce  abduction  and  adduction 
of  the  fingers,  which  they  can  also  extend,  owing 
to  their  connexion  with  the  extensor  tendons. 

Interos'seus  Pedis,  Metatarso-phalavgien- 
lateral,  (Ch.)  The  number,  arrangement,  shape, 
and  uses  of  these  are  the  same  as  in  the  case  of 
the  preceding  muscles.  Four  are  dorsal,  and 
three  plantar :  six  belong  to  the  three  middle  toes 
and  one  to  the  little  toe.  The  great  toe  is  devoid 
of  them.  As  in  the  hand,  they  are  distinguished, 
in  each  toe,  into  abductor  and  adductor. 
.  Interosseus  Secundus,  Prior  medii  digiti — i. 
Quartus,  Prior  annularis. 

INTEROSSEUX  BE  LA  MAIN,  Interosseus 
manHs. 

INTERPARI'ETAL  BONE,  Os  Interparie- 
ta'le.  A  bone  found  in  the  skulls  of  the  children 
of  the  Peruvian  races.  It  lies  in  the  situation 
of  the  upper  angle  of  the  occipital  bone,  where 
the  parietal  bones  separate  from  each  other;  and 
is  the  analogue  of  the  interparietal  bone  of  ru- 
minants and  carnivora. — Tschudi. 

INTERPEDUN'CULAR,  Interpednncula'ris ; 
from  inter,  'between,'  and  pedunculi,  'peduncles.' 
A  term,  applied  to  that  which  is  placed  between 
the  peduncles  of  the  encephalon, — as  Infeiyedun- 
cidar  space;  a  lozenge-shaped  interval,  behind 
the  diverging  peduncles  or  crura  of  the  cerebrum, 
in  which  are  found  the  posterior  perforated  space, 
corpora  albicantia,  tuber  cinereum,  or  infundi- 
bulum,  and  pituitary  body. 

INTERPELLA'TUS,  {Morhus,)  from  interpjcl- 
lo,  {inter,  and  piello,)  'I  interrupt.'  A  term,  by 
which  Paracelsus  designated  those  diseases  whose 
progress  is  unequal,  and  paroxysms  irregular. 

INTERPLE VR 0-COSTA  UX,  Intercostal 
muscles. 

INTERPOLATES,  Intercalary. 
INTERRUPTIO  MENSTRUATIONIS,  Ame- 
norrhoea. 

INTERSCAP'ULAR,  Interscapula'ris,  (infer, 
and  scapula.)  That  which  is  between  the  shoul- 
ders ;  as  the  interscapular  region.  The  interscap- 
ular cavities,  Cavita'tes  inierscapula'res,  are  the 
depressions  between  the  scapulte  and  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  vertebrae. 


INTERSCAPULIUM 


50  G 


INTESTINE 


INTERSCAPU'LIUM.  The  spine  of  the 
scapula. 

INTEKSECTIO,  Decussation,  Intersection. 

INTERSECTION,  lutersec'tio,  Diac'ope,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  seco,  seetiim,  'to  cut.'  The 
point  where  two  lines  meet  and  cut  each  other. 
The  name  aponeurot'ie  intersection  is  given  to 
fibrous  bands,  which  certain  muscles  present  in 
their  length,  and  by  which  they  seem  inter- 
rupted. Aponeurotic  intersections  are  found  in 
the  recti  muscles  of  the  abdomen  ;  in  the  semi- 
membranosus, complesus,  sterno-thyroideus,  &c. 

INTERSECTI0NE3  TENDINE.E  MUSCU- 
CjORUM,  Inscriptiones  tendinese  musculorum. 

INTERSEPIMENTUM  THORACIS,  Medi- 
astinum. 

INTERSEPTA  HORIZONTALIA  PACCHI- 
ONI,  Tentorium. 

INTERSEP'TUM,  from  inter,  'between,'  and 
septum,  'a  partition.'  Cion,  kiuv.  The  uvula; 
also,  the  septum  narium.     The  diaphragm. 

Interseptum  Nariom,  Septum  narium — i.  Vir- 
ginale,  Hymen. 

INTERSPI'NAL,  Jnterspina'lis,  from  infer, 
'between,'  and  spina,  '  the  spine.'  That  which  is 
seated  between  the  spinous  processes. 

Isterspi'nal  Lig'ament,  Membra'na  inferspi- 
■na'lis,  (F.)  Ligament  interepineux.  These  occupy 
the  intervals  between  the  spinous  processes  in  the 
back  and  loins.  In  the  neck,  they  are  replaced 
by  the  muscles  of  the  same  name.  They  prevent 
the  too  great  flexion  of  the  spine,  and  keep  the 
spinous  processes  in  situ.  The  outermost  thick- 
ened portions  of  these  are,  sometimes,  termed 
Ligamen'ta  a'piciim. 

INTERSPINA'LES  COLLI,  Spina'les  Colli 
mino'res,  Spina'ti,  (F.)  Interepineux-eervicaiix, 
Intercervicaujc,  (Ch.)  These  are  twelve  in  num- 
ber, and  occupy,  in  two  parallel  rows,  the  inter- 
vals between  the  spinous  processes  of  the  cervical 
vertebrae,  from  that  of  the  atlas  and  vertebra 
dentata,  to  that  between  the  last  cervical  and  first 
dorsal  vertebra.  They  are  flat,  thin,  and  quad- 
rilateral. These  muscles  contribute. to  the  exten- 
sion of  the  neck  and  to  throwing  the  head  back- 
wards. 

ItfTERSPIXALES  DoRSI  ET  LtTMBO'RUM  J  por- 
tions of  the  Transversaire-epinenx  of  Boyer,  and 
the  sacrospinal  of  Chaussier.  These  muscles  are 
of  two  kinds.  The  one  {Muscle  grand  epineax 
du  dos,  of  Winslow)  representing  fleshy  bundles 
of  different  lengths,  applied  upon  the  lateral  sur- 
faces of  the  spinous  processes,  from  the  third 
dorsal  vertebra  to  the  second  lumbar.  The  other 
{Muscle  petit  epineux  du  dos,  Winslow)  covered 
by  the  preceding.  They  are  situate  on  each  side 
of  the  interspinal  ligament,  in  the  form  of  small, 
short  flat  bundles,  which  pass  from  one  spinous 
process  to  the  second,  third  or  fourth  above  it. 
These  muscles  aid  in  extending  the  vertebral  co- 
lumn ;  and  incline  it  a  little  to  one  side,  when 
they  act  on  one  side  only. 

INTER'STICE,  Interstit"ium,  Arao'ma,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  sto,  'I  stand.'  Diaste'ma, 
Interval' lum.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name 
to  the  intervals  between  organs.  The  iliac  crest, 
crista  ilii,  for  example,  has  two  lips  and  an  in- 
terstice between  them,  which  affords  attachment 
to  the  lesser  oblique  muscle  of  the  abdomen. 

Interstice,  Pore. 

INTERSTIT"IAL,  Interstitia'lis,  same  ety- 
mon. Applied  to  that  which  occurs  in  the  inter- 
stices of  an  organ, — as  'interstitial  absorption,' 
'interstitial  pregnancy,'  &c. 

INTERSTITIUM,  Interstice  — i.  Ciliare,  Cili- 
ary ligament — i.  Intercostale,  Intercostal  space — 
L  Jugulare,  Throat. 

INTERTINCTUS,  Discreet. 


INTElt  TEA  CHELIENS,  Intertransversalea 
colli. 

INTER  TRANSVEBSAIRES  DES 
LOMBES,  Intertransversales  lumborum. 

INTERTRANSVERSA'LIS,  Intertransversa'- 
rius.  That  which  is  placed  between  the  trans- 
verse processes  of  the  vertebrae. 

Intertransversales  Colli,  (F.)  Intertrnns- 
versaires  cervicaux,  Intertracheliens,  (Ch.)  These 
are  small,  muscular  bundles;  quadrilateral;  thin 
and  flat;  situate,  in  pairs,  in  the  intervals  be- 
tween the  transverse  processes  of  the  neck,  ex- 
cept between  the  first  and  second,  where  there  is 
only  one.  They  are  distinguished  into  anterior 
and  posterior.  The  former  are  six  in  number  ; 
the  latter  five.  These  muscles  bring  the  trans- 
verse processes  of  the  neck  nearer  each  other, 
and  contribute  to  the  lateral  flexion  of  the  neck. 
Intertransversales  Lumbo'ruji,  MhscuU  in- 
tertransoersi  lumho'rum,  (F.)  Intertransversaires 
des  lomhes.  These  are  almost  entirely  fleshy,  and 
ten  in  number;  five  on  each  side.  They  are  si- 
milar to  the  preceding  in  general  arrangement ; 
except  that  they  are  more  marked,  and  not  placed 
in  two  rows.  Each  intertransverse  space  contains 
only  one.  They  are  quadrilateral,  and  flat.  The 
first  occupies  the  space  between  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  first  lumbar  and  the  last  dorsal 
vertebrte :  and  the  last  is  between  that  of  the 
fourth  and  fifth  lumbar  vertebrae.  These  mus- 
cles incline  the  lumbar  region  laterally;  and 
straighten  it  when  inclined  to  one  side. 

INTERTRIGO,  Chafing— i.  Podicis,  Chafing. 
INTERVAL,  LUCID,  see  Lucid. 
INTERVALLUM,  Intermission,  Interstice— i. 
Intercostale,  Intercostal  space. 
INTERVENIUM,  Mesophlebium. 
INTERVER'TEBRAL,  Intervertehra'lis,   {in- 
ter, and  vertebra.)    That  which  is  situate  between 
the  vertebrae. 

Intervertebral  Car'tilages,  Fihro-carti- 
lages  or  discs.  Ligamen'ta  intervertebra'lia,  Fibru- 
cartilag"ines  intervertebra'les.  These  organs  are 
of  a  fibro-cartilaginous  nature:  sections  of  a 
cylinder;  flexible;  whitish;  resisting:  and  situ- 
ate between  the  bodies  of  the  vertebras,  —  from 
the  space  between  the  second  and  third  as  far  as 
that  between  the  last  vertebra  and  sacrum.  Their 
form  is  accommodated  to  that  of  the  vertebra 
with  which  they  are  in  connexion ;  so  that,  in  the 
neck  and  loins,  they  are  oval,  whilst  in  the  dorsal 
region  they  are  nearly  circular. 

Intervertebral  Discs,  Intervertebral  carti- 
lages—  1.  Fibro-cartilages,  Intervertebral  carti- 
lages. 

INTESTABILIS,  Castratus. 
INTESTATES.  Castratus. 
INTESTIN,  Intestine. 

INTES'TINAL,  Intestina'lis,  Enter'icns,  En- 
ter'ic,  (F.)  Enterique,  from  intus,  'within.'  That 
which  belongs  to  the  intestines,  —  as  intestinal 
canal,  &c.  Bordeu  uses  the  term  Pauls  intesti7ial 
for  a  pulse,  which  he  conceived  to  announce  an 
approaching  crisis  by  the  intestines. 
Intestinal  Juice,  Succus  entericus. 
Intestinal  Tube  or  Tract,  Cana'lis  seu  Trac- 
tus  intestino'rum.  The  canal  formed  by  the  in- 
testines from  the  pyloric  orifice  of  the  stomach  to 
the  anus. 

INTES'TINE,  Intesti'num,  En'teron,  Chorda, 
Gut,  Nedy'ia  (pi.),  Pan'tices  (pi.),  Boel'li  (pi.). 
Bowel,  (F.)  Intestin,  Boyau.  Same  etymon.  A 
museulo-membranous  canal,  variously  convoluted, 
which  extends  from  the  stomach  to  the  anus,  and 
is  situate  in  the  abdominal  cavity;  the  greater 
part  of  which  it  fills.  In  man,  its  length  is  six 
or  eight  times  that  of  the  body.  It  is  divided 
into  two  principal  portions,  called  small  intestine 
and    large    intestine.       The    former,    Intesti'num 


INTESTINORUM   L^VITAS        507 


INULA 


ten'iie,  I.  grac'ile,  (F.)  Intestin  grele,  constituting 
nearly  four-fifths  of  ttie  whole  length,  begins  at 
the  stomach  and  terminates  in  the  right  iliac 
region.  It  is  divided  into  duodenum,  jejunum  and 
ileum.  Some  anatomists  give  the  name  small  in- 
testine to  the  last  two  only;  which  are  kept  in 
place  by  the  mesentery,  and  form  a  large  jMquet, 
occupying  the  umbilical  and  hypogastric  regions, 
a  part  of  the  flanks,  of  the  iliae  regions,  and  of 
the  cavity  of  the  pelvis.  It  is  composed  of,  ].  A 
serous  membrane,  which  is  peritoneal.  2.  Of  a 
muscular  coat,  whose  fibres  are  very  pale,  and 
are  placed,  in  part,  longitudinally ;  but  the 
greater  part  transversely.  3.  Of  a  whitish,  mu- 
cous membrane;  villous,  and  foruiing  folds  or 
valves — valvulce  conniventes — at  its  inner  surface, 
and  furnished  with  a  number  of  mucous  fol- 
licles, called  glands  of  Lieberkiihn,  {Crypts  or 
Follicles  of  LieberkUhn,)  and  in  the  duodenum 
with  the  glands  of  Brunner.  The  arteries  of 
the  small  intestine  proceed  from  the  superior 
mesenteric;  its  veins  open  into  the  vena  porta. 
Its  nerves  proceed  from  the  superior  mesenteric 
plexus.  The  large  intestine,  Intesti'nnm  crassiun, 
Ilegnloew'lia,  (F.)  Gros  intestin,  forms  a  sequence 
to  the  small.  It  is  much  shorter,  and  is  solidlj' 
attached  in  the  regions  of  the  abdomen  which  it 
occupies.  It  begins  in  the  right  iliac  region  ;  as- 
cends along  the  right  flank,  till  beneath  the  liver, 
when  it  crosses  the  upper  part  of  the  abdomen, 
descends  into  the  left  iliae  fossa,  and  plunges  into 
the  pelvic  cavity,  to  gain  the  anus.  The  great 
intestine  is  usually  divided  into  three  portions, — 
the  ecBcum,  colon  and  rectum.  It  receives  its  ar- 
teries from  the  superior  and  inferior  mesenteries. 
Its  veins  open  into  the  vena  porta.  Its  nerves 
are  furnished  by  the  mesenteric  ple.xuses.  Its 
lymphatic  vessels,  which  are  much  less  numerous 
than  those  of  the  small  intestine,  pass  into  the 
ganglions  or  glands  seated  between  the  different 
reflections  of  the  peritoneum,  which  fix  it  to  the 
abdominal  parietes.  The  use  of  the  intestines 
is, — in  the  upper  part,  to  effect  the  chylification 
of  the  food  and  the  absorption  of  the  chyle  ; — in 
the  lower,  to  serve  as  a  reservoir,  where  the  ex- 
crementitious  portion  of  the  food  collects ;  and, 
also,  as  an  excretory  duct,  which  effects  its  ex- 
pulsion. 

INTESTIXORUM  L^VITAS,  Lientery. 

INTESTIN U LA  CEREBRI,  Convolutions 
(cerebral) — i.  Meibomii,  Meibomius,  glands  of. 

INTESTINULUM,  Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

INTESTINUM  CELLULATUM,  Colon— i. 
Circumvolutum,  Ileon — i.  Crassum,  Colon,  see 
Intestine  —  i.  Graeile,  see  Intestine  —  i.  Gi-ande, 
Colon  —  i.  Lasum,  Colon  —  i.  Majus,  Colon  —  i. 
Medium,  Mesentery — i.  Plenum,  Colon — i.  Rec- 
tum, Rectum — i.  Tenue.  see  Intestine. 

INTIMUM  UNGUIS,  Nail,  root  of  the. 

INTONATIO  INTESTINALIS,  Borboryg- 
mus. 

INTORSIO,  Distortion. 

INTOXICATIO,  Poisoning  — i.  Arsenicalis, 
Arsenicismus — i.  Opiaca,  Meconismus — i.  Satur- 
nina,  Saturnismus. 

INTOXICATION.  Poisoning,  Temulentia— i. 
Antimoniule,  Stibialism  —  i.  des  Marais,  see 
Miasm. 

INTOXICA  TION  SA  TUB  NINE.  Lead  poi- 
soning; saturnine  cachexy.  The  aggregate  of 
symptoms  which  present  themselves  prior  to  an 
attack  of  lead  colic. — Tanquerel  des  Planches. 

INTRALINGUAL  SALIVARY  GLANDS, 
Bee  Salivary  glands. 

INTRALo'B'ULAR,  Intralohula'ris;  from  in- 
tra, 'within,'  and  lohnlns,  'a  lobule.'  Relating 
to  the  space  within  a  lobule  : — as  the  "intralobu- 
lar veins,"  vencB  seu  ven'ulce  intralohula'res  seu 
centra'les,  of  the  liver:  —  veins  which  communi- 


cate with  the  interlobular  veins,  and  are  the  ra- 
dicles of  the  hepatic  veins.  ^ 

INTIiA-PELVIO  TROOEANTERIEN,  Ob- 
turator internus. 

INTRA-U'TERINE,  IntrauterV nna ;  from  in- 
fra,  'within,'  and  uterus,  'the  womb.'  That 
which  takes  place  within  the  womb  —  as  'intra- 
%iterine  life.' 

INTRICATURA,  Decussation. 

INTRIN'SIC,  Intrin' secus ;  from  intra,  'with- 
in,' and  se.cus,  'towards.'  Applied  to  the  internal 
muscles  of  certain  organs;  as  those  of  the  ear, 
tongue,  and  larynx.  Linnasiis  gave  the  name 
Intrin' seci  to  internal  diseases. 

INTROITUS  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis— i.  Vaginse, 
Rima  vulvte. 

INTROMIS'SION,  Intromis'sio ;  from  intra, 
'within,'  and  mitto,  missnn),  'I  send.'  The  act 
of  introducing  one  body  into  another,  as  Iittro- 
missio  Penis,  (F.)  Intromission  de  la  Verge. 

INTROSUSCEPTIO,  Intussusceptio  — i.  En- 
tropium,  Entropion. 

INTUBUM,  Cichorium  endivia — i.  Erraticum, 
Cichorium  intybus. 

INTUMES'CENCE,  Intumeseen'tia,  Oneo'sig, 
Dionco'sis,  from  intumescere,  [in,  and  tumescere, 
'to  swell.')  Augmentation  of  size  in  a  part  or  in 
the  whole  of  the  body.  Sauvages  uses  the  word 
Intumeseen'tia  for  an  order  of  diseases,  in  which 
he  comprehends  polj'sarcia,  pneumatosis,  ana- 
sarca, cedema,  phj'sconia,  and  pregnancy. 

INTUMESCENTIA  GANGLIFORMIS,  Gan- 
glion of  Gasser,  see  Facial  nerve — i.  Lactea  Mam- 
marum,  Sparganosis  —  i.  Lienis,  Splenoncus  —  i. 
Semilunaris,  Ganglion  of  Gasser. 

INTUS  INVERSUS,  Transposition  of  the  vis- 

INTUSSUSCEP'TIO.  from  intus,  'within,'  and 
suscipio, susceptum,  'I  receive.'  Introsuscep'tio.  In 
pihysiology :  —  the  mode  of  increase  peculiar  to 
organized  bodies.  In  pathology,  like  Convol'vu- 
lus,  Vol'vulus  seu  Suscepi'tio  seu  Parisago'ge  in- 
testino'rum,  Chordap'sus,  Enteroparisago'ge,  In- 
digita'tio,  Tormen'tnm,  and  Invagina'tio,  it  means 
the  introduction  of  one  part  of  the  intestinal  canal 
—- intussuscep'tum  —  into  another,  which  serves 
it  as  a  sort  of  vagina  or  sheath.  Generally,  it  is 
the  upper  part  of  the  small  intestine,  which  is  re- 
ceived into  the  lower — intussuscip'iens — when  the 
intussusception  is  said  to  be  p)rogres'sive.  At 
times,  however,  it  is  ret'rograde.  As  the  disease 
cannot  be  positively  detected  by  the  symptoms, 
it  must  be  treated  upon  general  principles.  At 
times,  the  invaginated  portion  has  separated  and 
been  voided  per  anum,  —  the  patient  recovering. 
The  disease  is,  however,  of  a  very  dangerous 
character. 

INTUSSUSCEPTUM,  see  Intussusceptio. 

INTUSSUSCIPIENS,  see  Intussusceptio. 

INTYBUM,  Cichorium  endivia. 

INTYBUS  HORTENSIS,  Cichorium  endivia. 

INULA,  see  Inula  helenium  —  i.  Britannica, 
I.  dysenterica — i.  Common,  I.  helenium — -i.  Co- 
nyza2a,  I.  dysenterica. 

In'ul.v  Dysenter'ica.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Lesser  Inula,  I.  Britan'niea  seu  Conyza'a, 
Aster  dysent.er'icns  seu  iindula'tus,  Pulica'ria 
dysenter'ica,  Cony'za,  C.  media,  Ar'nica  Sueden'- 
sis  seu  spu'ria,  Cuni'la  mas'cula  seu  me'dia,  Cu- 
nila'go,  (Prov.)  Glare's  fat,  (F.)  Aunee  antidys- 
enterique,  Herbe  de  Saint  Rock.  Nat.  Ord.  Com- 
positas.  This  plant  was  once  considered  to  pos- 
sess great  antidysenteric  virtues.  The  whole 
plant  is  acrid  and  somewhat  aromatic. 

Inula  Helen'ium.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  El'ecampane,  En'ula,  E.  campa'na,  Elen'ium, 
Necta'rium,  Helenium,  Aster  helen'ium  seu  offici- 
na'lis,  Corvisar'tia  helen'ium.  Common  Inula,  (¥.) 
Aunee    ou   Aunee    officinale.      The    root   In'ula 


INUNCTIO 


508 


IONIA 


(Ph.  U.  S.)  was  formerly  in  high  esteem  in  dys- 
pepsia, cachexia,  pulmonary  affections,  Ac.  It 
is  now  scarcely  used. 

Inula,  Lesser,  Inula  dysenteriea  —  i.  Squar- 
rosa,  Conyza  squarrosa. 

IKUNCTIO,  Inunction,  Liniment. 

INUNCTION,  Inunc'tio,  Perunc'tio,  TllWio, 
lUi'tus,  IUiuil"io,  Oblinit"io,  Chrisis,  Catach'ri- 
sh,  Diach'ris'ls,  Hpich' risis,  Unctio,  from  inun- 
gcre,  inunction,  (in,  and  ungere,  vnctiiin,)  'to 
anoint.'  The  act  of  rubbing  in  an  ointment 
or  a  liniment,  unction,  (F.)  Onction,  Inonction. 
Inunction  of  the  whole  body  with  a  piece  of 
bacon,  lard,  or  with  oil,  has  been  recommended 
in  scarlatina,  measles,  and  in  scrofulous  or  tuber- 
culous cachexia. 

INUNDATIO,  Depuration. 

INUSTIO,  Cauterization,  Cauterium. 

INUSTORIUM,  Cauterium. 

INVAG"INATED,  luKagina'tus,  from  in,  and 
vagina,  'a  sheath.'  Applied  to  a  part  which  is 
received  into  another,  as  into  a  sheath. 

The  invaginated  or  slit  and  tail  bandage  is  one 
in  which  strips  or  tails  pass  through  appropriate 
slits  or  button-holes. 

INVAGINATIO,  Intussuseeptio. 

INVAGINA'TION,  Tnvagina'tio.  Intussus- 
eeptio. Also,  an  operation,  which  consists  in  in- 
troducing one  end  of  a  divided  intestine  into  the 
other,  with  the  view  of  restoring  the  continuity 
of  the  intestinal  canal. 

The  name  Invagination  is,  likewise,  given  to 
an  operation  for  the  radical  cure  of  crural  hernia, 
which  consists  in  introducing  into  the  crural 
canal  a  thick  tent  of  eharpie,  the  effect  of  which 
is,  by  compression  and  adhesive  inflammation,  to 
obliterate  the  neck  of  the  hernial  sac. — Nysten. 

INVALETUDO,  Infirmity. 

INVALID,  Valetudinary. 

INVALIDING-,  (F.)  Reforme.  The  removal 
from  the  army  of  a  soldier,  who  has  become,  from 
infirmity,  unfit  for  service. 

INVALIDUS,  Valetudinary. 

INVASIO,  Arche,  Attack,  Paroxysm. 

INVERMINATION,  Helminthiasis. 

INVERSIO  PALPEBRARUM,  Entropion— i. 
Uteri,  Hysteroptosis,  Uterus,  inversion  of  the. 

INVERSION  BE  LA  3IATRI0E,  Uterus, 
inversion  of  the — i.  du  Lamheau,  see  Flap. 

INVERTENTIA,  Absorbents,  Antacids. 

INVESTITURA  FUNICULI  UMBILICA- 
LIS,  see  Funiculis  umbilicalis. 

INVETERATUS,  Chronic. 

INVISC'ANTIA,  Incrassantia. 

INVISCA'TIO  OC'ULL  from  in,  and  viscum, 
'bird  lime.'  A  morbid  adhesion  of  the  eyelids  to 
each  other,  or  to  the  globe  of  the  eye.  Also, 
gluing  together  of  the  eyelids  by  a  viscid  secre- 
tion. 

INVOLU'CRUM,  Invohtmen'tum,  from  invol- 
vere,  (in,  and  volvere,  volutum.)  'to  fold  in.'  A 
covering :  hence  Involu'cra  cer'ebri,  the  mem- 
branes of  the  brain.  Involu'cra  nervo'rum,  the 
sheaths  of  the  nerves. 

IxvoLUCRUM  Cordis,  Pericardium — i.  Corporis 
commune.  Integument — i.  Linguae,  see  Tongue — 
i.  Membranaceum,  Decidua  reflexa — i.  Nervorum, 
Neurilemma — i.  Reti  comparatum,  Retina. 

INVOLUMENTUM.  Involuerum. 

INVOLVENTIA,  Demulcents. 

10  DE,  Iodine. 

lODES,  ^ruginous. 

lODETUM  HYDRARGYRICUM,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  rubrum. 

lODHYDRARGYRITE  DE  CHLORURE 
AIERGUREUX,  Mercury,  iodide  of  chloride  of. 

lOD'IC,  lod'icvs,  (F.)  lodique.  Same  etymon 
as  Iodine.     Containing  iodine. 

IODIDUM    HYDRARGYRI    CHLORIDI, 


Mercury,  iodide  of  chloride  of — i.  Hydrargyricum, 
Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubrum — i.  Hydrargyrosum, 
Hydrargyri  iodidum. 

I'ODINE,  lo'dina,  lo'divum  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842), 
lodin'ium  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1851),  lodin'eum,  lo'dum, 
lo'dium,  lo'uium,  lo'num,  (F.)  lode;  from  iwirig, 
viola'eeus,  'of  a  violet  colour,'  so  called  from  the 
violet  vapour  it  exhales  when  volatilized.  It  is 
contained  in  the  mother  waters  of  certain  fuci, 
and  is  obtained  by  pouring  an  excess  of  concen- 
trated sulphuric  acid  on  the  water  obtained  by 
burning  different  fuci,  lixiviating  the  ashes  and 
concentrating  the  liquor.  The  mixture  is  placed 
in  a  retort  to  which  a  receiver  is  attached,  and  is 
boiled.  The  iodine  passes  over  and  is  condensed. 
It  is  solid,  in  the  form  of  plates  ,•  of  a  bluish  gray 
colour,  of  a  metallic  brightness,  and  smell  similar 
to  that  of  the  chloride  of  sulphur.  Its  s.  g.  is 
4.946.  AVhen  heated,  it  becomes  volatilized,  and 
affords  the  vapour  which  characterizes  it.  With 
oxygen  it  forms  Iodic  acid,  and  with  hydrogen 
Hi/driodio  acid.  The  tincture  of  iodine  and  the 
iodides  have  been  emploj-ed  with  great  success  in 
the  treatment  of  goitre  and  of  some  scrofulous 
affections.  It  must  be  administered  in  a  very 
small  dose  and  for  a  long  period.  It  is  said  to  be 
apt,  however,  to  induce  cholera  morbus,  signs  of 
great  nervous  iiTitability,  lodome' the,  (F.)  Ivresne 
iodiquc,  and  emaciation  of  the  mammse.  When 
these  symptoms,  collectively  termed  I'odism,  lo- 
do'sis,  and  lodin'ia,  (F.)  Cacliexie  iodee,  are 
urgent,  the  dose  may  be  diminished,  or  it  may  be 
wholly  discontinued,  and  afterwards  resumed. 

Various  preparations  of  iodine  are  employed  in 
medicine. 

lODINED,  Iodized. 

I'ODIZED, /'orfi'nef/y  lodisa'tus.  Impregnated, 
or  affected  with,  iodine,  or  its  preparations. 

lUDINIA,  see  Iodine. 

lODINIUM,  Iodine. 

lODINUM,  Iodine. 

lODIQUE,  Iodic. 

lODISM,  see  Iodine. 

lODIUM,  Iodine. 

I'ODOFORM,  lodofor'mum,  (F.)  lodoforme,  lo- 
diire  de  formyle ;  so  called  from  its  analogy  to 
chloroform.  It  is  obtained  by  the  reaction  on 
each  other  of  iodine,  bicarbonate  of  potassa,  water, 
and  alcohol.  It  is  in  crystalline  plates,  of  a  beau- 
tiful citrine  colour;  and  may  be  given  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  other  preparations  of  iodine.  Dose, 
one  grain,  three  times  a  day.  It  is  the  sesqiii-ie- 
dide  of  carbon.     See  Carbonis  sesqui-iodidum. 

lObOGNOSIE,  lodognosis. 

lODOGNO'SIS,  (F.)  lodognosie;  from  iodine, 
and  yvuiaii,  'knowledge.'  A  knowledge  of  iodine 
in  its  various  relations. — Dorvault. 

lODOHYDRARGYRATE  OF  POTASSIUM, 
see  Iodine. 

lODOMETHE,  see  Iodine. 

lODOPE'GiE,  from  iodum,  'iodine,'  and  x^jyj?, 
*a  spring.'     Mineral  waters  containing  iodine. 

lODOPHTHISIE,  from  iodine,  and  <piiaii, 
'phthisis.'  Loss  of  flesh  and  strength  produced 
by  iodine. 

lODOSIS,  see  Iodine. 

lODUiM,  Iodine. 

lODURE  BE  FORMYLE,  Iodoform  —  /. 
de  Ilercure,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  —  i.  de  Ploinb, 
Plumbi  iodidum — ?'.  Plombique,  Plumbi  iodidum 
—  i.  de  Potassium,  Potassae  hydriodas  —  i.  de 
Quinine,  Quiniae  hydriodas  —  i.  de  Son/re,  Sul- 
phuris  iodidum — i.  de  Zinc,  Zinci  iodidum. 

lODURETUM   AMMONIA,    see  Iodine  — i. 
Amyli,  see  Iodine — i.  Hydrargyrosum,  Hydrar- 
gyri iodidum — i.  Sulphuris,  see  Iodine. 
"  lODYMUS,  Dicephalus. 

ION,  Viola. 

IONIA,  Teuorium  chamrepitys. 


lONIDIUM   MARCUCCI 


509 


IRIS 


lOXID'IUM  MARCUCCI,  ChichinirhuIU —  si 
South  American  plant.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria 
Monogynia;  Nat.  OrfL  Violarias  ;  said  to  be  ex- 
tremely efficacious  in  the  Mai  de  San  Lazaro,  of 
Colombia. 

IONIUM,  Iodine. 

lOXTA,  see  Excretion. 

lON'THUS,  Varus,  Violet  Eruption,  from  lov, 
'the  violet,'  and  avQos,  'a  flower,' or  ovQoi,  'foul- 
ness' [?].  An  unsuppurative,  tubucular  tumour  ; 
stationary;  chiefly  on  the  face.  A  genus  in  the 
class  Hamatica,  order  Phlogotica  of  Good. 

loNTHUs  CoRYMBiFEE,  Gutta  rosca  —  i.  Varus, 
Acne. 

lONUM,  Iodine. 

lOTACIS'MUS,  from  the  Greek  letter  Iota. 
Defective  articulation,  —  the  patient  not  being 
able  to  pronounce  the  palatals  j  and  g  soft. 

IPECAC,  Apocynum  androsasmifolium.  Eu- 
phorbia corollata,  Gillenia  trifoliata,  Ipecacuan- 
ha, Triosteum — i.  American,  Apocynum  androsse- 
mifolium — i.  Wild,  Euphorbia  ipecacuanha. 

IPECACUAN'HA.  In  common  parlance,  often 
abridged  to  Ipecac,  and  in  Ireland  to  Hippo. 
The  pharmacopoeial  name  of  the  root  of  Cephae'- 
lis  seu  Callicoe'ea  ipecacuan'ha,  Ipecacvnn'hn, 
Cagosanga,  Hi/poucan'na,  Hipponcan'iia,  CF.)  Tpe- 
caciinnha  aiinele.  Nat.  Ord.  CinchonaceaB.  It  is 
also  obtained  from  the  Psycho' tria  emet'ica  of 
Peru.  The  odour  of  the  root,  fyecacnan'ha  root, 
Ipecaeiian'hcB  radix,  Eadix  Brazilien'sis,  —  Ipe- 
cacuanha (Ph.  U.  S.),  (F.)  Racine  Bresilienne  ou 
de  BrisH),  —  is  faint  and  peculiar;  taste  bitter, 
subacrid,  and  mucilaginous  ;  both  water  and  alco- 
hol extract  its  virtues,  which  depend  on  a  pecu- 
liar principle,  called  Emet'ia.  It  is  emetic  in 
large  doses ;  sudorific  in  smaller.  Dose,  as  an 
emetic,  gr.  xx  to  xxx, — alone,  or  united  with  gr. 
i.  to  ij  of  tartarized  antimony. 

Ipecacuanha,  Euphorbia  corollata,  Pedilan- 
thus  tithymaloides — i.  Annele,  Ipecacuanha  —  i. 
Bastard,  Asclepias  curassaviea,  Triosteum  perfo- 
liatum — ?.  Blanc  de  Vile  de  France,  Tylophora 
asthmatica — i.  Blanc  de  St.  Domingue,  Asclepias 
curassaviea — i.  of  the  Isle  of  France,  Tylophora 
asthmatica. 

Ipecacuan'ha,  White,  is  ohtained  from  diffe- 
rent species  of  BicJiardsonin  and  lonidium,  Vi'- 
ola  ipecacuan'ha  seu  Solea  ipecacuan'ha  seu  Poin- 
ba'lea  ij^ecacuan'ha  also  affords  it.  It  is  weaker 
than  the  gray. 

IPO.  Upas. 

IPOMCEA  BATATOiDES,  see  Convolvulus  ja- 
lapa — i.  Jalapa,  Convolvulus  jalapa  —  i.  Macror- 
rhiza,  Convolvulus  jalapa  —  i.  Mestitlanica,  see 
Convolvulus  jalapa  —  i.  Nil,  Convolvulus  nil  —  i. 
Opereulata,  see  Batata  de  purga — i.  Orizatensis, 
see  Convolvulus  jalapa  —  i.  Purga,  see  Convol- 
vulus jalapa  —  i.  Schiedeana,  see  Convolvulus 
jalapa. 

IRA,  Rage. 

IRACUNDUS,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 

IRAL'GIA;  Ireal'gia,  Iridal'gia,  from  ipif, 
'the  iris,'  and  oKyoq,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  iris. 

IRASCIBLE,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 

IBEALGIA,  Iralgia. 

IREONCION,  Iriancistron. 

I'RIAN,  Iria'nus,  (F.)  Irien.  Belonging  to  the 
iris. 

IRIANCIS'TRON,  Mdaneist' ran,  Ireon'cion, 
from  ipii,  and  ayKiaTpov,  'a  hook.'  A  hooked  in- 
strument, used  by  Schlagintweit  in  the  formation 
of  an  artificial  pupil. 

IRID^E'A  EDU'LIS.  One  of  the  Algje,  eaten 
in  Scotland  and  the  Southwest  of  England. 

IRIDALGIA,  Iralgia. 

IRIDANCISTRON,  Iriancistron. 

IRIDAUXE'SIS,  from  Iris,  iridis,  and  av^r,aiq, 
'  acgmentation  ;'  Staphylo'ma  I'ridis,   S.    U'vece, 


Iridonco'sis,  Lymplion' cus  I'ridis.     Exudation  of 
fibrin  into  the  tissue  of  the  iris. 

IRIDECTOMEDIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDECTOMIA,  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDENCLEISIS.  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDENCLEISMUS,  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDERE'MIA,  from  Iris,  iridis,  and  cptiijio;, 
'deprived  of;'  Iridostere'sis.  Absence  of  iris, 
either  apparent  or  real. 

IRIDITIS,  Iritis. 

IRIDOCELE,  Ptosis  iridis. 

IRIDOCOLOBOMA,  Coloboma  iridis. 

IRIDODIALYSIS,  Coretomia. 

IRIDODONE'SIS,  from  Iris,  and  6oviw,  'I 
shake.'     Tremulousness  of  the  Iris.     See  Hippus. 

IRIDOMALA'CIA,  from  Iris,  iridis,  and  fia>.a- 
Kia,  'softness.'  Molleseence  or  softening  of  the  iris. 

IRIDOMELANO'MA,  Iridovielano'sis,  from 
Iris,  and  yttXavtiv,  '  to  colour  black.'  The  depo- 
sition of  black  matter  on  the  tissue  of  the  iris. 

IRIDONCO'SIS,  Iridon'cus,  Ironco'sia,  Ilype- 
ronco'sis  Iridis,  from  Iris,  and  oyKo;,  '  a  swelling.' 
Tumefaction  or  thickening  of  the  iris.  Also  Iri- 
dauxesis. 

IRIDONCUS,  Iridoncosis. 

I  R  ID  OPERIPHACI'TIS,  IridoperiphaJri'tis, 
from  Iris,  zcpi,  'around,'  and  jjhacitis,  inflamma- 
tion of  the  lens.  Inflammation  of  the  anterior 
hemisphere  of  the  capsule  of  the  lens. 

IRIDOPLANIA,  Hippus. 

IRIDOPTOSIS,  Ptosis  iridis. 

IRIDOR'RHAGAS,  Iridorrho'ge,  Iridor'rhox, 
Iridoschis'ma,  Fissu'ra  I'ridis,  from  Iris,  and 
payai;,  'a  fissure.'  Fissure  of  the  iris.  See  Co- 
loboma. 

IRIDORRHOGE.  Iridorrhagas. 

IRIDORRHOX,  Iridorrhagas. 

IRIDOSCHISMA,  Coloboma  Iridis,  Iridor- 
rhagas. 

IRIDOSTERESIS,  Irideremia. 

IRIDOTENCLEISIS,  Coretomia. 

IRIDOTOMEDIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDOTOMIA,  see  Coretomia. 

TRIDOTROMUS,  Hippus. 

IRIEN,  Irian. 

IRIS,  {gen.  I'ridis)  Gramwe.  So  called  from  its 
resembling  the  rainbow  in  a  variety  of  colours. 
A  membrane,  stretched  vertically  at  the  anterior  ^ 
part  of  the  eye,  in  the  midst  of  the  aqueous  hu- 
mour, in  which  it  forms  a  kind  of  circular,  flat 
partition,  separating  the  anterior  from  the  poste- 
rior chamber.  It  is  perforated  by  a  circular 
opening  called  i\iQ  pnjjil,  which  is  constantly  va- 
rying its  dimensions,  owing  to  the  varying  con- 
tractions of  the  fibres  of  the  iris.  Its  posterior 
surface  has  been  called  uvea,  from  the  thick, 
black  varnish  which  covers  it.  The  pigmentary 
stratum,  on  its  free  surface,  appears  to  be  bounded 
by  a  delicate,  but  sharply  defined,  line,  which 
has  been  described  as  a  special  membane — Mew- 
hra'na  pigmen'fi  seu  lim'itans  seu  lim'itans  Paci'- 
ju'seu  Jaco'bi  Arnold.  The  greater  circumference 
of  the  iris  is  adherent  to  the  ciliary  processes  and 
circle.  It  has  an  external  plane  of  radiated  fibres 
and  an  internal  one  of  circular  fibres,  which  serve 
—  the  one  to  dilate,  the  other  to  contract  the 
aperture  of  the  pupil.  The  iris  receives  the  irian 
nerves.  Its  arteries  are  furnished  by  the  long 
ciliary  arteries,  which  form  two  circles  by  their 
anastomoses;  the  one  very  broad,  near  tlie  great 
circumference;  the  other,  smaller,  and  seated 
around  the  circumference  of  the  pupil.  The  veins 
of  the  iris  empty  themselves  into  the  Vasa  vorti- 
cosa,  and  into  the  long  ciliary  veins.  The  use  of 
the  iris  seems  to  be, — to  regulate  by  its  dilatation 
or  contraction,  the  quantity  of  luminous  raj-s 
necessary  for  distinct  vision.  The  different  co- 
lours of  the  iris  occasion  the  variety  in  the  colours 
of  the  human  eye. 


IRIS  PUANT 


510 


IRRITABILITY 


Iris,  see  Herpes  Iris — i.  Common,  I.  Germa- 
nica  —  i.  Commtin,  I.  Germanica  —  i.  de  Florence, 
I.  Florentina. 

Ibis  Florknti'na,  Florentine  iris  or  orris,  (F.) 
Iris  de  Florence.  Order,  Iridaceje.  The  rhizoma 
of  this  plant  is  extremely  acrid  in  its  recent  state; 
and,  when  chewed,  excites  a  pungent  heat  in  the 
mouth,  that  continues  for  several  hours.  When 
dried,  the  acrimony  is  lost,  or  nearly  so,  and  the 
smell  is  very  agreeable.  It  is  indebted  to  its 
agreeable  flavour  for  its  retention  in  the  pharma- 
copcBias,  although  it  is  ranked  as  an  expectorant. 
The  orris  root  of  the  shops  is  said  to  consist  of  the 
rhizomes  of  three  species — /.  Florentina,  I.  pal- 
lida, and  /.  Germanica. 

Iris  FcETiDis'siMA,  I.foe'tida,  Spath'ula  foe'ti- 
da,  Xyris,  Stinkiny  iris,  (F.)  Iris  puant,  Glayeul 
puaut.  The  root  has  been  esteemed  antispasmo- 
dic and  narcotic. 

Iris  German'ica.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Floioer-de-Luee,  Iris  nostras  seu  vulga'ris,  Aier'- 
eci,  Common  iris  or  orris,  Gladi'olus  caru'leus, 
(F.)  Iris  commun,  Flamhe.  The  fresh  roots  have 
a  disagreeable  smell,  and  an  acrid,  nauseous  taste. 
They  are  powerfully  cathartic,  and  are  given  in 
dropsies,  where  such  remedies  are  indicated. 

Iris  Hexagona,  I.  versicolor. 

Iris  Lacus'tris,  Bioarf-flag,  Dwarf  lake-iris ; 
Las  the  properties  of  I.  versicolor. 

Iris,  Lake,  Dwarf,  I.  lacustris  —  i.  Lutea,  I. 
pseudacorus  —  i.  des  3Iarais,  I.  pseudacorus  —  i. 
Nostras,  I. Germanica — i.Palustris,  I.  pseudacorus. 

Iris  Pseudac'orus.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Yelloio  icater-flag,  Iris  palas'tris  seu  lu'tea, 
Gladi'olus  lu'teus,  Ac'oriis  vulga'ris  seu  adulteri' - 
nus  seu  palus'tris,  Pseudac'orus,  Bn'tomon,  (F.) 
Iris  des  marais.  Faux  aeore,  Flamhe  bdtard,  Acore 
bdtard.  The  root  has  an  acrid,  stypic  taste.  It 
is  an  errhine,  sialogogue,  and  acrid  astringent. 
The  expressed  juice  is  diuretic,  and  said  to  be  a 
useful  application  to  serpiginous  and  other  cuta- 
neous affections.  Rubbed  on  the  gums,  or  chewed, 
it  is  said  to  cure  toothache. 

IRIS  PUANT,  I.  foetidissima  — i.  Stinking, 
I.  foetidissima. 

Iris  Vkrsic'olor,  /.  hexago'na.  Blue  flag.  The 
rhizoma  of  this  is  an  active  cathartic,  and  has 
been  much  used,  as  such,  by  the  American  In- 
dians.    It  is  reputed  to  be  diuretic. 

Iris  Virgin'ica,  Slender  Blue  flag  :  and  Iris 
verna,  are  said  to  have  virtues  like  those  of  I. 
versicolor. 

Iris  Vulgaris,  I.  Germanica. 

IRISITIS,  Iritis. 

IRI'TIS,  Inflammation  of  the  iris,  Inflamma'tio 
Iridis,  Irisi'tis,  Iridi'tis,  from  Iris,  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation,  Uvei'tis  of  some.  The  chief 
symptoms  are; — change  in  the  colour  of  the  iris; 
fibres  less  movable  ;  tooth-like  processes  shooting 
into  the  pupil;  pupil  irregularly  contracted,  with 
the  ordinary  signs  of  inflammation  of  the  eye. 
If  the  inflammation  does  not  yield,  suppuration 
takes  place  ;  and  although  the  matter  may  be  ab- 
sorbed, the  iris  remains  immovable.  It  is  often 
caused  by  syphilis.  The  general  principles  of 
treatment  are,  to  deplete  largely  and  exhibit  mer- 
cury freely;  along  with  attention  to  other  means 
advisable  in  ophthalmia.  The  free  use  of  quinia 
is  sometimes  serviceable.  When  the  inflamma- 
tion is  seated  in  the  serous  covering  of  the  iris,  it 
is  termed  Iritis  sero'sa. 

IRON,  Ferrum  —  i.  Acetate  of,  Ferri  acetas  — 
i.  and  Alumina,  sulphate  of,  Ferri  et  aluminis 
sulphas  —  i.  Ammoniated,  Ferrum  ammoniatum 
— i.  Ammonio-citrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-citras  — 
i.  Ammonio-chloride  of,  Ferrum  ammoniatum  — 
i.  Ammonio-tartrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-tartras — 
I.  and  Ammonia,  citrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-citras 
— i.  and  Quinia,  Hydriodate  of,  see  Iodine. 


Iron  Bark,  see  Kino. 

Iron,  Bromide  of,  see  Bromine  —  i.  Carbo- 
nate of,  saccharine,  Ferri  proto-carbonas  —  i. 
Carburet  of.  Graphites  —  i.  Black  oxide  of,  Oxy- 
dum  ferri  nigrum — i.  Chloride  of,  Ferri  chloridum 
— i.  Citrate  of,  Ferri  citras — i.  Citrate  of  the  mag- 
netic oxide  of,  see  Ferri  ammonio-citras — i.  Fer- 
rocyanuret  of,  Prussian  blue  —  i.  Ferroprussiate 
of,  Prussian  blue — i.  Filings,  purified,  Ferri  lima- 
tura  purifioata — i.  Hydrated  oxide  of,  Ferrum 
oxydatum  hydratum  —  i.  Hydrated  peroxide  of, 
Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum — i.  Hydrated  trit- 
oxide  of,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum — i.  Hydri- 
odate of,  Ferri  iodidum — i.  Hydrobromate  of,  see 
Bromine— i.  Hydro-oxide  of,  Ferrum  oxydatum 
hydratum  —  i.  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine,  and 
Ferri  iodidum  —  i.  loduret  of,  Ferri  iodidum  —  i. 
Lactate  of,  Ferri  lactas — i.  Liquor,  Ferri  acetas — 
i.  and  Magnesia,  citrate  of,  Ferri  et  Magnesiije 
citras — i.  Magnetic  Oxide  of,  Oxydum  Ferri  ni- 
grum— i.  Muriate  of,  Ferri  chloridum — i.  Nitrate 
of,  solution  of,  see  Tinctura  Ferri  muriatis  —  i. 
Perchloride  of,  Ferri  chloridum — i.  Peroxide  of, 
Ferri  subcarbonas — -i.  Phosphate  of,  Ferri  phos- 
phas  —  i.  Pills  of,  compound,  Pilulse  ferri  com- 
positse — i.  Potassio-citrate  of,  see  Ferri  ammonio- 
citras — i.  Protocarbonate  of,  Ferri  protocarbonas 
— i.  Protoxide  of,  lactate  of  Ferri  lactas. 

Iron  Pyrites,  Ferri  sulphuretum. 

Iron,  Quevbnne's,  Ferri  pulvis. 

Iron  and  Quinia,  citrate  of,  Ferri  et  Quiniae 
citras  —  i.  and  Quinia,  hydriodate  of,  see  Quinia, 
iodide  of  iodhydrate  of. 

Iron  Reduced,  Ferri  Pulvis. 

Iron,  Sesquichloride  of,  Ferri  chloridum  — 
i.  Sesquinitrate  of,  Solution  of,  see  Tinctura  ferri 
muriatis — i.  Sesquioxide  of,  Ferri  subcarbonas — i. 
Sodio-citrate  of,  see  Ferri  ammonio-citras — i.  Sul- 
phate of,  Ferri  sulphas — i.  Sulphuret  of,  Ferri 
sulphuretum — i.  Tannateof,  Ferri  tannas — i.  Tar- 
tarized,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  i.  Ternitrate  of, 
solution  of,  see  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — i.  Trito- 
hydro-ferrocyanate  of,  Prussian  blue. 

Iron  and  Potass,  Tartrate  of,  Ferrum  tartari- 
zatum. 

Iron,  Valerianate  of,  Ferri  valerianas. 

Iron  Weed,  Vernonia  Noveboracensis. 

IRONCOSIS,  Iridoncosis. 

IRRADIA'TION,  Irradia'tio  {ir  and  radius). 
Shooting  or  proceeding  from  a  centre  —  as  an 
'  irradiating  pain.' 

IRREDU'CIBLE,  (F.)  Irreductihle.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  fractures,  luxations,  hernise,  &c., 
when  they  cannot  be  reduced. 

IPIiUnUGTIBLE,  Irreducible. 

IRREG'ULAR, /cref/MZa'/-/*,  Anom'alous;  from 
ir,  negation,  and  regida,  'a  rule.'  A  term  chiefly 
applied  to  the  types  of  a  disease;  and  also,  to 
the  pulse  when  its  beats  are  separated  by  unequal 
intervals. 

Irreg'ular  Practit"ioner.  One  who  does 
not  practise  his  profession  according  to  rules 
sanctioned  by  law  or  custom. 

IRREMEDIABLE,  Incurable. 

IRREPTIO,  Attack. 

IRRIGA'TION,  Irriga'tio,  E mhroca' tio ,  Irro- 
ra'tio  :  '  the  act  of  watering  or  moistening,'  from 
in,  and  rigo,  '  I  water.'  The  methodical  applica- 
tion of  water  to  an  affected  part,  to  keep  it  con- 
stantly wet. 

IRRITABILITAS,  Irritability— i.  Halleriana, 
Irritability — i.  Morbosa,  see  Subsultus  tendinum 
— i.  VesicsB,  Cysterethismus. 

IRRITABIL'ITY,  Irritahil'itas,  from  irrito, 
(in,  '  negation,' and  ritus,  'the  usual  manner,')  'I 
provoke.'  Vis  irritahilita' tis,  V.  Vita,  V.  in'sita 
of  Haller,  V.  vita'lis  of  Gorter,  Oscilla'tio  of 
Boerhaave,  Tonic  power  of  Stahl,  Vita  pro'pria, 
Irritahilitas    Halleria'na,    Inherent  power,   Con- 


IRRITABLE 


511 


ISCHIOCELE 


traetil'ity,  Exeitahil'ity,  &c.  (F.)  Irritahilite,  I. 
Hallerieiuie.  A  power,  possessed  by  all  living, 
organized  bodies  of  being  acted  upon  by  certain 
stimuli,  and  of  moving  responsive  to  stimulation. 
It  is  the  ultimate  vital  property. 

IR'RITABLE,  Irritab'ilU.  That  which  is  en- 
dowed with  irritability.  Every  living  organized 
tissue  is  irritable ;  that  is,  capable  of  feeling  an 
appropriate  stimulus,  and  of  moving  responsive  to 
such  stimulus.  Irritable  is  often  used  in  the  same 
sense  as  impressible,  as  when  we  speak  of  an  irri- 
table person,  or  habit,  or  temper.  This  last  con- 
dition has  been  variously  termed  —  Debil'itas 
nervo'sa,  D.  Eretkis'ica,  Hypercine'sia  nervo'sa, 
Neurastheni'a,  Neurostheni'a,  Sensibil'itas  anora'- 
ala,  S.  Jforbo'sa,  S.  aiicta. 

IRRITAMBISr,  Irritant,  Stimulus. 

IRRITAMENTUAI,  Erethism,  Irritant,  Sti- 
mulus— i.  Metallicum,  Galvanism. 

IR'RITANT,  Irri'tans,  Irrita' men,  Irritamen- 
tum.  Same  etymon.  That  which  causes  irrita- 
tion or  pain,  beat  and  tension ;  either  mechani- 
cnlly,  as  puncture,  acupuncture,  or  scarification; 
chemically,  as  the  alkalies  and  acids;  or  in  a 
spiecijic  manner,  as  cantharides. 

Irritants  are  of  great  use  in  the  treatment  of 

dlS6clS6. 

IRRITATING  POISON,  see  Poison. 

IRRITATIO.  Erethism,  Gargale,  Irritation. 

IRRITA'TION,  Irrita'tio,Erethis'mus.  Same 
etj'mon.  The  state  of  a  tissue  or  organ,  in  which 
there  is  excess  of  vital  movement;  commonly 
manifested  by  increase  of  the  circulation  and 
sensibility.  Broussais  defines  irritation  to  be  ; — 
the  c<jndition  of  an  organ,  the  excitation  of  which 
is  carried  to  so  high  a  degree,  that  the  equilibrium 
resulting  from  the  balance  of  all  the  functions  is 
broken.  In  this  signification,  he  also  uses  the 
word  surirritation,  which  he  considered  as  a 
higher  degree,  and  as  the  essential  cause  of  fever. 
Irritation  is  the  precursor  of  inflammation. 

Irrita'tiox,  MouBID,  Constitu' tional  irritpition, 
If' ritatice  fever.  Pseudo-fever,  is  that  excitement 
which  occurs  after  injuries  done  to  the  body,  or 
to  any  part  thereof;  — constituting  cases  of  dis- 
eased si/mpalhy, 

IRRITATIVE  FEVER,  Irritation,  morbid. 

IRRORATIO,  Irrigation. 

IS,  Fibre. 

ISADELPH'IA,  from  lao?,  '  equal,'  and  aSe\(pu;, 
'brother.'  A  double  monstrosity,  in  which  both 
bodies  are  equally  and  perfectly  developed,  and 
possessed  of  independent  vital  organs;  and  which 
are  united  by  parts  of  little  significance. — Gurlt. 

ISA'TIS  TINCTO'RIA.  Woad,  P-.istel.  Ord. 
Capparidacese.  A  European  plant,  whose  leaves 
have  a  fugitive  pungent  smell,  and  an  acrid 
durable  taste.  They  are  not  used,  however,  in 
medicine  at  the  present  day,  hut  are  the  source 
of  the  dye-stuff,  woad. 

ISCA,  Boletus  igniarius. 

ISCH^'MIA,  from  laxi^,  'I  retain,'  and  'aifia, 
'blood.'  Morbid  retention  or  suppression  of  an 
habitual  flux  of  blood,  as  of  the  hemorrhoidal  or 
menstrual  flux  or  of  epistaxis.  See  Hsematosta- 
tioa. 

ISCH^'MON,  IsclicB'mum.  Same  etymon.  A 
medieine  which  restrains  or  stops  bleeding. 

IS'CHESIS,  from  itjx^iv,  'to  retain.'  Suppres- 
sion or  retention  of  a  discharge  or  secretion. 

IS'CHIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  In  this 
volcanic  isle,  five  miles  from  Naples,  there  are 
several  thermal  waters,  one  of  which — that  of  Gur- 
gitello — raises  the  thermometer  of  Fahr.  to  167° 

ISCHIACUS,  Ischiatic. 

ISCHIADELPIIUS,  Ischiopages. 

ISCHIADICUS  MORBUS,  Neuralgia  femoro- 
poplitsea — i.  Nervus,  Sciatic  nerve. 

ISCHIADOCELE,  Ischiocele. 


ISCH'IAGRA,  Ts'cTiias,  IschaVgia,  from  laxiovt 
'the  haunch,'  and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  A  namo 
given  to  ischiatic  gout.  Femoro-popliteal  nen- 
ralffia  has,  also,  been  so  called. 

IS'CHIAL,  Ischia'lis.  Relating  or  belonging 
to  the  ischion. 

ISCHIALGIA,  Ischiagra,  Neuralgia  femoro- 
poplitasa. 

ISCHIAS,  Ischiagra — i.  Nervosa  Antica,  Neu- 
ralgia femoro-prsetibialis  —  i.  Nervosa  Cotunnii, 
Neuralgia  femoro-pnplitsea — i.  Nervosa  digitalis. 
Neuralgia  eubito-digitalis  —  i.  Nervosa  postica, 
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea — i.  §,  Sparganosi, 
Phlegmatia  dolens. 

ISCHIAT'IC,  Ischiad'ic,  IscMat'iciis,  Ischiad'- 
icus,  Isch'iacus,  Sciat'ic,  (F.)  Jschiatiqne,  from 
tuXiov,  'the  haunch;'  whence  the  word  Sciatic. 
An  epithet  given  to  parts  connected  with  the 
ischium.  The  Sciatic  Notches,  (F.)  Echnn- 
crures  Ischiatiques,  are  formed  by  this  bone  ;  the 
Ischiatic  Spine  belongs  to  it,  and  gives  attach- 
ment to  the  small  sacro-sciatic  ligament.  The 
TuBEROS'lTY  OF  THE  ISCHIUM,  Os  sedenta' rivm. 
Tuber  la'chii,  (F.)  Tuberosite  sciatique,  is  formed 
by  it.  It  receives  the  insertions  of  diflferent 
muscles  of  the  thigh,  and  forms  the  projection  on 
which  the  body  rests  when  seated. 

Ischiatic  Artery,  Sciat'ic  Ar'tery,  (F.)  Arth-e 
Femoro-Poplitee  (Ch.)  arises  singly  from  the  hy- 
pogastric, or  with  the  gluteal;  and  seems  to  be 
really  a  continuation  of  the  trunk  of  the  hypo- 
gastric. It  issues  from  the  pelvis,  at  the  lower 
part  of  the  great  sciatic  notch ;  and,  afterwards, 
divides  into  a  considerable  number  of  branches, 
which  are  distributed  particularly  to  the  posterior 
and  superior  region  of  the  thigh. 

Ischiatic  Region,  Sciat'ic  region;  Regio  iscTii- 
ad'iea.     The  region  of  the  hip. 

Ischiatic  Vein  presents  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  artery. 

ISCHIATICUS,  Sciatic, 

ISCHIATOCELE,  Ischiocele. 

ISCIIIDRO'SIS,  Sndo'ris  snppres'gio,  Oligid'- 
Wa,  from  (<r;\;(/j,  'I  restrain,'  and  ^iSpiag,  'sweat.' 
Suppression  of  perspiration. 

ISCmO.  In  composition,  belonging  or  re- 
lating to  the  ischium. 

ISCHIOBLEN'NIA,  Ischoblen'ma,  from  i(!X<^, 
'I  restrain,'  and  H^avva,  'mucus.'  The  suppres- 
sion of  a  morbid  but  habitual  discharge  of  mucus. 

ISCIIIO-CAVERNO'SUS.  Belonging  to  the 
ischium  and  corpus  cavernosum. 

Ischio-Cavernosus  muscle,  Collatera'lia,  Di- 
rec'tor  seu  Erec'tor  seu  Sustenta'tor  Penis,  (F.) 
Erecteur  da  Penis,  Ischio-nrethral,  (Ch.)  is  a 
small,  long,  flat  muscle,  which  surrounds  the 
origin  of  the  corpus  cavernosum.  It  is  fixed 
below  to  the  inner  side  of  the  tuberosity  of  the 
ischium,  and  above  to  the  root  of  the  penis,  where 
it  is  confounded  with  the  fibrous  membrane  of 
the  corpus  cavernosum.  It  draws  the  root  of  the 
penis  downwards  and  backwards. 

Ischio-Cavernosus  of  the  female,  Erector 
seu  Sustenta'tor  seu  Superior  rotun'dus  elitor'- 
idia,  (F.)  Jschio-clitoridien,  Ischio  sous-clitorien, 
(Ch.),  is  arranged  nearly  as  in  the  male,  but  is 
less  bulK-y.  It  arises,  by  aponeurosis,  from  the 
tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and  terminates  by  em- 
bracing the  corpus  cavernosum  of  the  clitoris,  to 
the  erection  of  which  it  appears  to  contribute. 

ISCHIOCE'LE,  Ischiatoce'le,  lachiadoce'le, 
Hernia  ischiat'ica ;  from  tuxiov,  'the  ischium,' 
and  Kr/yitj,  '  tumour.'  Ischiatic  hernia.  One  in 
which  the  viscera  issue  by  the  great  sciatic  notch. 
It  is  a  rare  disease.  The  protruded  parts  must 
be  reduced — the  patient  being  placed  in  a  favour- 
able position,  and  they  must  be  retained  by  a 
bandage. 


ISCHIO-CLITORIANUS 


512 


ISOCRATES 


ISCHIO-CLITOIIIA'NUS.  That  which  is 
connected  with  the  ischium  and  clitoris. 

Ischio-Clito'rian  Artery  of  Chaussier  is  a 
division  of  the  internal  pudic,  which  furnishes 
the  two  arteries  of  the  clitoris  —  the  superficial 
and  deep-seated. 

Ischio-Clitorian  Nf5rve,  of  the  same  pro- 
fessor, is  the  superior  branch  of  the  pudic  nerve, 
which  is  distril)uted  to  the  clitoris. 

ISCHIO  -  CLTTOBWIEN,  Ischio  -  cavernous 
— i.  Coocygeus,  Coccycreus — !.  Creti-tlbial,  Serai- 
tendinosus  —  i.  Femoralis,  Adductor  magnus  — 
i.  Femoro-jjeronicr,  Biceps  flexor  cruris — i.  Peri- 
neal, Transversus  perinsei — i.  Poph'ti-femoral, 
Semi  -  membranosus  —  i.  Pupliti  -  tibial,  Semi- 
membranosus—  ?.  Pretihial,  Scmi-tendinosus  — 
?.  Sous-ciitorien,  Ischio-cavernosus — i.  Sons-tro- 
clianterien,  Quadratus  femoris — i.  Spino-trochan- 
terien,  Ischio-trochanterianus  —  i.  Urethral,  Is- 
chio-cavernosus. 

ISCHIODYMIA,  see  Somatodymia. 

IS'CHION,  Ischium,  Os  ischii,  Os  coxen'dicis, 
Hip-houe,  HucJde-boiie,  Seat-bone,  (Se.)  Ileuck- 
bniie,  Hukebane,  Lunyiebane,  (Prov.)  Chancebnne, 
Piiibone,  (F.)  Os  de  I'assiette.  The  lowermost  of 
the  three  portions  which  compose  the  os  innomi- 
natum  in  the  foetus  and  young  individual.  The 
inferior  region  of  the  same  bone  has,  also,  been 
called  ischium,  in  the  adult.  According  to  Hcsy- 
chius,  the  ancients  designated  by  the  word  is- 
chion  the  capsular  ligament  of  the  coxo-femoral 
articulation,  as  well  as  the  articulation  itself. 
Some  derive  the  word  from  taxa,  the  lumbar  re- 
gion ;  others  from  the  verb  ktxw,  '  I  arrest,'  '  I 
retain  ;'  —  because  that  bone  serves  as  a  base  or 
support  for  the  trunk,  when  we  are  seated. 

IscniON,  Haunch. 

ISCHIO -NEURALGIA,  jSTeuralgia  femoro 
poplitsea. 

ISCHIOPA'GES,  Ischiadelph'us,  from  Ischion, 
and  s-ayu),  'I  fasten.'  A  monstrous  union  of  two 
foetuses,  in  which  they  are  attached  to  each 
other  by  the  ischia.  —  Geoffrey  St.  Hiliare.  See 
Hypogastrodidymus. 

'ISCHIOPHTHI'SIS,  Tahes  coxa'ria  sen  iscTii- 
ad'ioa, Phthisis  ischiad'ica,  from  laxtov,  'ischium,' 
nnil  phthisis.  Phthisis  in  consequence  of  suppu- 
ration of  the  hip-joint.     See  Coxarum  morbus. 

ISCHIO-PROSTAT'ICUS.  Winslow,  Sancto- 
rini,  Albinus,  and  Sommering,  have  given  this 
name  to  the  fibres  of  the  transversus  perinaei 
muscle,  which  go  towards  the  prostate. 

ISCHIO-RECTAL  FOSSA,  Perineal  fossa. 

ISCHIOSIS,  Neuralgia  femoro  pnplitsea. 

ISCHIO-TROCHANTERIA'NUS,  Gem'ini, 
Gemel'li.  Part  of  the  Marsupia'lis  of  Cowper; 
Gar'nenm  3fars}t'pium,  Ischio-spini-trochanterien, 
Secun'dus  et  ler'tius  quadric/em'inus,  (F.)  Muscle 
cannele,  Accessoire  d  I'obturateur  interne.  Two 
small,  fleshy  bundles,  long  and  flat,  which  arise, 
— the  superior  on  the  outside  of  the  sciatic  spine ; 
the  inferior  behind  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium. 
Both  pass  horizontally  outwards,  and  are  attached 
to  the  tendon  of  the  obturator  internus,  which 
they  accompany  into  the  fossa  of  the  trochanter. 
These  muscles  are  rotators  of  the  lower  limb  out- 
wards. They  can,  also,  turn  the  pelvis  on  the 
femur,  in  standing  on  one  foot. 

ISCHIUM,  Ischion. 

ISCHL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
springs,  which  are  in  Upper  Austria,  contain 
iodine  and  bromine. 

ISCHNOPHO'NIA,  from  tcxvo;,  'slender,' and 
(p-A)vTj,  'voice.'  Slenderness  of  voice.  —  Hippo- 
crates, Galen. 

ISCHNOTES,  Emaciation. 

ISC  HO,  KTXf^,  'I  keep  back,'  'I  restrain,'  'I 
hM  firm.'     Hence  : 

ISCHOBLENNIA,  Ischioblennia. 


ISCHOCENO'SIS,  from  ttr^o),  'I  arrest,'  and 
K€vu>cig,  'evacuation.'  Retention  or  suppression 
of  a  natural  evacuation — as  of  the  menses. 

ISCHOCHOL'IA,  from  lax^o,  'I  arrest,'  and 
XP^I)  'bile.'  lleten'tio  bilis.  Pietention  or  sup- 
pression of  the  biliary  secretion. 

ISCHOCOILIA,  Constipation. 

ISCHOCOPRIA,  Constipation. 

ISCHOGALAC'TIA,  Keten'tio  lacti8,h-ova  lax'^, 
and  ya'ya,  'milk.'     Want  of  milk  in  the  mamma?. 

ISCHOLOCH'IA  or  Ischolochi' a,  Lochios'che- 
sis,  Suppres'sio  lochio'rnm,  fromi(T;^(j,  '  I  restrain,' 
and  Xox^ia,  'the  lochial  discharge.'  lieten'tio 
lochio'rnm.     Suppression  of  the  lochial  discharge. 

ISCHOMENIA,  Amenorrhcea. 

ISCHONEURALGIA,  Neuralgia  femoro-pop- 

ISCHOPHONIA,  Balbuties. 

ISCHOSPER'MIA,  from  nr^w,  '  I  retain,'  and 
uTt^pjxa,  'sperm;'  Sem'inis  reten'tio.  Retention 
or  suppression  of  the  spermatic  secretion. 

ISCHURET'IC,  Ischuret'icum.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.  A  medicine  for  relieving  suppression 
of  urine.     A  diuretic. 

ISCHU'RIA,  Uri'nip  suppres'sio.  Stoppage  of 
urine,  Sup>pres'sio  lo'tii,  Paru'ria  retentio'nis ; 
from  itrx'^,  'I  arrest,'  'I retain,'  and  ovgov,  'urine.' 
Retention  of,  or  impossibility  of  discharging,  the 
xxrmQ,  Anurorrhee — Piorry.  Often  restricted  to  sup- 
pression of  the  secretion,  Renal  Ischuria,  Anu'ria, 
Anure'sis,  Nephranu'ria,  Anurocrinie. — Piorry. 

Ischuria  Vera  is  that  in  which  the  urine,  having 
accumulated  in  the  bladder,  the  patient  is  unable 
to  pass  it,  notwithstanding  the  inclination  which 
constantly  distresses  him.  In  false  ischuria,  Pa- 
ru'ria inops,  P.  retentio'nis  rena'iis.  Ischuria 
notha  seu  spu't-ia,  of  some,  (F.)  Suppression 
d' Urine,  owing  to  some  disease  of  the  kidney  or 
ureters,  the  urine  cannot  reach  the  bladder. 

Ischuria  has  likewise  received  various  other 
names,  according  to  the  seat  and  character  of 
the  obstacle  which  opposes  the  exit  of  the  urine : 
hence  the  expressions — Renal,  Ureteric,  Vesical, 
Urethral,  and  Calculous  Ischuria.  Vesical  Ischu- 
ria is  generally  used  synonymously  with  Reten- 
tion of  Urine,  which  see. 

Ischuria  Cysto-phlegmatica,  Cystirrhosa  — 
i.  Phimosica,  see  Phimosicus — i.  Spasmodica,  Cys- 
tospasmus — i.  Spuria,  see  Ischuria — i.  Urethralis 
a  phimosi,  see  Phimosicus — i.  Vera,  see  Ischuria 
— i.  Vesiealis,  Retention  of  urine. 

ISIC'IUM,  I'sicos,  In8ic"ium,  Tomac'ulnm, 
Tom'aclum,  Tomac'inum.  A  kind  of  sausage, 
formed  of  mixed  meat  and  spices. 

ISINGLASS,  Ichthyocolla. 

ISIR,  Elixir. 

ISIS  NOBILIS,  see  Coral. 

ISLAND   OP  REIL,  Insula  cerebri. 

ISLE  OP  WIGHT,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
beautiful  island  is  a  favourable  summer  retreat 
for  invalds.  Undercliflf  is  the  situation  chosen 
as  a  winter  residence  for  phthisical  valetudina- 
rians. Cowes,  Niton,  Sandown,  Shanklin,  and 
Ryde,  are  delightful  summer  residences. 

ISNARDIA  PALUSTRIS,  Ludwigiapalustris. 

I  S  0  C  H  '  R  0  NOUS,  Isoch'ronus,  hochron'ius, 
Isod'romHs,  from  lao;,  'equal,'  and  Xi'°voq,  'time.' 
That  which  takes  place  in  the  same  time,  or  in 
equal  times.  The  pulsations  of  the  arteries,  in 
various  parts  of  the  body,  are  nearly  isochronous. 

ISOCH'RYSON,  Aura  compar ;  from  laog, 
'equal,'  and  ;^pw(7oj,  'gold.'  A  collyrium,  de- 
scribed by  Galen  as  worth  its  weight  in  gold. 
Libavius  has  also  given  this  name  to  an  amal- 
gam, made  with  equal  parts  of  antimony  and 
mercury. 

ISOCRATES,  from  laoq,  '  equal,'  and  Kparog, 
'strength.'  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  wine  and 
water. — Hippocrates, 


ISODPtOMUS 


513 


IVROGNERIE 


ISODROMUS,  Isochronous. 
■    ISOLUSINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 

ISOM'ERIC,  Isomer'icus,  Isom'erus,  Isomce'rus, 
Isom'orus,  from  laoq,  'equal,'  and  /icpog,  'part.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  different  bodies  which 
agree  in  composition,  but  differ  in  properties. 
The  condition  is  termed  Isom'erism. 

ISOMERISM,  see  Isomeric. 

ISOMORPHISM,  see  Isomorphous. 

ISOMOR'PHOUS,  homor'jyhus,  Isomor'jjJiieus, 
from  laos,  'equal,'  and  iiop^ij,  'form.'  An  epithet 
applied  to  different  bodies  which  have  the  same 
crystalline  form.  The  condition  is  called  Jso- 
morph'ism. 

ISONANDRA  GUTTA,  see  Gutta  pereha. 

ISOPATHI'A,  hop'athy,  from  lo-oj,  'equal,' 
and  7ra0of,  '  disease.'  This  term  has  been  used 
by  some  of  the  German  writers  to  signify  the 
cure  of  diseases  by  the  disease  itself,  or  its  pro- 
ducts;—  under  the  hypothesis,  that  every  conta- 
gious disease  contains  in  its  contagious  matter 
the  means  for  its  cure;  —  thus,  that  variola  may 
be  cured  by  homoeopathic  doses  of  variolous 
matter;  syphilis,  with  venereal  matter,  <fcc.,  <fce. 
Others  have  given  to  isopathy  another  form  ;  — 
maintaining,  that  every  diseased  organ  has  its 
remedy  in  the  same  organ, — that  eating  liver,  for 
example,  will  remove  disease  of  the  liver ! 

Isopathia  has  been  used  by  an  American  writer 
—  Dr.  J.  M.  B.  Harden,  of  Georgia  —  to  mean 
^'Parallelism  of  Diseases ;"  "the  disposition  of 
diseases  to  'anastomose  with  each  other/  or  to 
wear  each  other's  livery." 

ISSUE,  Fonticulus  —  i.  Peas,  Aurantia  curas- 
saventia,  see  Fonticulus. 

ISTHME  D  UG  OSIER,  Isthmus  of  the  fauces. 

ISTHMION,  Isthmus,  Pharynx. 

ISTHMI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Fau'cium  sen  Pa- 
la'ti,  Angi'na  simplex  seu  mitis  seu  fau'cium, 
Angor  fau'cium,  Ci/nan'che  simplex,  (F.)  Angine 
simple,  from  isthnus,  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  isthmus  faucium, 
and  of  the  fauces.  See  Cynanche  pharyngea, 
and  Angina. 

ISTHMIUM,  Isthmus. 

ISTHMOCATAR'RHUS;  from  laOpo?,  'the 
fauces/  and  Karappoo;,  '  catarrh.'  Catarrh  of  the 
fauces. 

ISTHMODYN'IA,  from  ladfio;,  'the  fauces/ 
and  oSvvr;,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  fauces. 

ISTHMOPLE'GIA;  from  itrS^of,  'the  fauces/ 
and  TrXriYV,  'a  stroke.'     Paralysis  of  the  fauces. 

ISTHMOS,  Pharynx. 

ISTHMOTYPHUS,  Cynanche  maligna. 

ISTHMUS,  Isth'mion,  Isth'miwn,  (F.)  Isthme. 
A  tongue  of  land  joining  a  peninsula  to  a  conti- 
nent, or  which  separates  two  seas.  Anatomists 
have  given  the  name  Isthmus  of  the  Fauces,  I. 
Fau'cium,  Claustrum  Gut'turis,  (F.)  Isthme  du 
gosier,  to  the  strait  which  separates  the  mouth 
from  the  pharynx.  It  is  formed  above  by  the 
velum  palati  and  uvula;  at  the  sides,  by  the  pil- 
lars of  the  fauces  and  the  tonsils ;  and  below,  by 
the  base  of  the  tongue.     Also,  the  Fauces. 

Isthmus  op  the  Enceph'alon.  The  narrowed 
and  constricted  portion  of  the  encephalic  mass, 
situate  between  the  cerebrum,  the  cerebellum  and 
the  medulla  oblongata,  which  corresponds  to  the 
free  margin  of  the  tentorium  cerebelli,  and  com- 
prises the  pons  varolii,  and  middle  peduncles  of 
the  cerebellum,  the  peduncles  of  the  cerebrum, 
the  tubercula  quadrigemina,  the  superior  pedun- 
cles of  the  cerebellum,  and  the  valve  of  Vieus- 
sens. — Cruveilhier. 

Isthmus  of  the  Fossa  Ova'lis:  Isthnus  Vieus- 
sen'ii,  Striga  cartilagino'sa  cordis,  is  the  promi- 
nent areh  formed  above  the  fossa  ovalis  by  the 
union  of  the  two  pillars  which  bound  the  cavity. 
33 


Isthmus  of  the  Thyroid  Gland  is  a  narrow 
band  that  unites  the  two  chief  lobnles  composing 
the  thyroid  gland. 

Isthmus  Hepatis,  see  Lobulus  anonymus  —  i. 
Urethrse,  see  Urethra  —  i.  Uteri,  see  Uterus  —  i. 
Vieussenii,  Isthmus  of  the  fossa  ovalis,  see  Ovalis 
fossa. 

ITALIAN  JUICE,  Extractum  glycyrrhizs. 

ITALICUS  MORBUS,  Syphilis. 

ITCH,  Psora — i.  Animalcule,  see  Psora — i.  of 
Animals,  Scabies  ferina. 

Itch,  Bakers',  see  Psoriasis — i.  Barbers',  Sy- 
cosis—i.  Bricklayers',  Eczema  impetiginodes. 

Itch,  Cowpox.  A  cutaneous  eruption,  ob- 
served and  described  by  Golis,  which  appeared 
after  the  fourteenth  day  from  vaccination,  and 
consisted  of  isolated  vesicles,  often  filled  with  a 
puriform  fluid. 

Itch,  Drunkards',  Psora  ebriorum  —  i.  Gro- 
cers', see  Psoriasis. 

Itch  Insect,  see  Psora — i.  Mite,  see  Psora. 

Itch,  Venereal,  Scherlievo. 

Itch  Weed,  Veratrum  viride. 

ITCHING,  Parap'sis  2}ruri'tus,  Autal'gia  pru- 
rigino'sa,  Pruri'tus,  Pruri'go,  Cnesmos,  Cnesma, 
(Sc.)  Youk,  YuJce,  (F.)  Prurit.  Demangeaison. 
A  sensation,  more  inconvenient  than  painful, 
seated  especially  at  the  surface  of  the  body,  which 
provokes  the  patient  to  scratch  the  part.  It  may 
be  either  an  external  or  an  internal  sensation  : 
that  is,  produced  by  an  external  body,  or  by  some 
modification  in  the  organic  actions  of  the  part  to 
which  it  is  referred. 

ITEA,  Salix. 

ITER  A  TERTIO  AD  QUARTUM  VEN- 
TRICULUM,  Aquwductus  Sylvii — i.  Dentis,  see 
Gubernaculum  dentis  —  i.  Femineum,  Perinajum 
—  i.  ad  Infundibulum,  Vulva  —  i.  a  Palato  ad 
Aurem,  Eustachian  tube  —  i.  ad  Quartum  ventri- 
culum,  Aquffiductus  Sylvii — i.  ad  Tertium  ventri- 
eulum.  Vulva — i.  Urinae,  Urethra — i.  Urinarium, 
Urethra. 

ITHYPHAL'LUS,  from  t^u?,  'straight,'  and 
(jiaWos,  'penis.'  An  amulet,  in  the  form  of  an 
erect  penis,  anciently  worn  round  the  neck,  to 
which  were  attributed  alexiterial  properties. 

ITINERARIUM,  Conductor,  Director. 

ITIS,  from  itj??,  'bold,'  'rash,'  [?].  A  suffix 
denoting  inflammation: — as  encephahvrs,  inflam- 
mation of  the  encephalon  ;  — •  Plenr('(i'.s,  inflam- 
mation of  the  pleura.  According  to  some,  as 
Kraus,  encephali7('s,  for  example,  was,  with  the 
ancients,  the  adjective  agreeing  with  voao;,  'a 
disease,'  understood  to  express  a  disease  of  the 
encephaloD,  and  it  was  only  in  modern  times,  that 
the  suffix  was  used  to  denote  inflammation. 

IVA,  Teucrium  iva  —  i.  Arthritica,  Teucrium 
chamaepitys — i.  Moschata  Monspeliensium,  Teu- 
crium iva — i.  Pecanga,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

IVETTE  MVSQUEE,  Teucrium  iva  — )\  Pe- 
tite, Teucrium  cham83pitys. 

IVOIRE,  Ivory. 

IVORY,  Ebur,  El'ephas,  (F.)  Ivoire.  The  tusk 
of  the  elephant.  It  is  chiefly  composed  of  phos- 
phate of  lime,  and  is  used  for  the  fabrication  of 
pessaries,  artificial  teeth,  handles  of  instruments, 
&c.  Formerly,  when  calcined  to  whiteness,  it 
entered  into  some  pharmaceutical  preparations. 
It  was  regarded  as  astringent  and  anthelmintic, 
and  was  called  Spo'dium. 

The  dentine  is  the  ivory  of  the  human  tooth. 
See  Tooth. 

Ivory  Black,  see  Carbo  animalis  —  i.  Vege- 
table, Phytelephas  macrocarpa. 

IVRAIE,  Lolium  temulentum. 

IVRESSE,  Temulentia — i.  lodique,  see  Iodine 
— ?■.  Quinique,  Quininism. 

IVROGNERIE,  see  Temulentia. 


IVY 


514 


JATROPHA  MANIHOT 


IVY,  Hedera  helix,  Kalmia  angustifolia  —  i. 
American,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia — i.  Big,  Kal- 
mia latifolia  —  i.  Fine-leaved,  Ampelopsis  quin- 
quefolia— i.  Ground,  Glecoma  hederacea. 

IXIA,  Varix,  Viscum  album. 

IXINE,  Atractylus  gummifera. 

IX IR,  Elixir. 

IXOS,  Viscum  album. 


IXUS,  Galium  aparine. 

IXYOMYELI'TIS,  from  i^vs,  'the  lumbar  re- 
gion,'  fiueAos,  'marrow,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  spinal  marrow  in 
the  lumbar  region. 

IXYS,  i^vs,  Ix'ya,  Ix'ye.  Used  by  different 
authors  for  the  ilia,  flanks,  and  loins  j  most  fre- 
quently for  the  last. 


J. 


,-    I 


JABOT,  Ingluvies. 
JACA  INDICA,  Thymus  mastichina. 
JACEA,  Tricolor,  Viola  Tricolor— j.  Ramosis 
siina,  Centaurea  ealcitrapa. 

JACENS,  Sick. 

JACK  OF  THE  BUTTERY,  Sedum  acre— j 
in  the  Hedge,  Alliaria. 

JACKET,  BARK.  A  jacket  of  flannel  or  cot- 
ton in  which  powdered  bark  is  quilted.  It  is 
occasionally  worn  as  an  antiperiodic  and  tonic. 

JACKSON'S  BATHING  SPIRITS,  Linimen- 
tum  saponis  compositum. 

JACOBiEA,  Senecio  Jaeobaea. 

JACOBEE,  Senecio  Jacobeea. 

JACOB'S  COAT,  Tunica  Jacobi— j.'s  Ladder, 
false,  Polemonium  reptans — j.'s  Membrane,  Tu- 
nica Jacobi — ^j.'s  Ulcer,  Lupus. 

JACOBSON,  VENOUS  SYSTEM  OF,  see  Ve- 
nous system. 

JACOBSON'S  ANASTOMOSIS,  see  Petrosal 
ganglion. 

JACTA'TION,  Jactita'tion,  Jacta'tio,Jacta'tus, 
lihiptas'mos,  Jactita'tio,  from  jactare,  'to  toss 
about.'  Extreme  anxiety ;  excessive  restlessness; 
— a  symptom  observed  in  serious  diseases. 

JACTITATIO,  Inquietude,  Jactation. 

JADE  NEPHRITE  ou  ORIENTALS,  Ne- 
phreticus  lapis. 

JAGGERY,  Spirit  Arrack,  see  Toddy. 

JAGRE,  see  Tari. 

JALAP,  Convolvulus  jalapa,  Phytolacca  de- 
candra — j.  Blanc,  Convolvulus  mechoacan — j. 
Cancer  root,  Phytolacca  deeandra — j.  Fusiform, 
light  male,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa — j.  Wild,  Con- 
volvulus panduratus. 

JALAPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JALAPINE,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JALAPIUM,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JALAPPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa — j.  Alba,  Con- 
volvulus mechoacan. 

JALEYRAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  situate  two  leagues  from  Mau- 
riac,  in  France,  on  the  road  from  Clermont  in 
Auvergne.  The  waters  contain  lime  and  carbo- 
nate of  soda,  and  are  esteemed  to  be  tonic,  ape- 
rient, Ac. 

JALOPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JAMAICA,  see  West  Indies — j.  Bark  tree, 
Bursera  gummifera. 

JAMAICINE,  see  Geoffrsea  inermis. 

JAMBES  BE  BARB  ABE,  see  Elephantiasis 
— j.  dii  Cervelet,  Corpora  restiformia. 

JAMBIER,  Tibial  —j.  Anteriew;  Tibialis  an- 
ticus  — j.  Grele,  Plantar  muscle  — J.  Posterieur, 
Tibialis  posticus. 

JAMES'S  ANALEPTIC  PILLS,  see  Ana- 
leptica. 

JAMESTOWN  AVEED,  Datura  stramonium. 

JANAMUNDA,  Geum  urbanum. 

JANDERS,  Icterus. 


JA'NICEPS,  from  Janus,  a  divinity  with  two 
faces,  and  caput,  'head.'  A  double  monster,  the 
two  bodies  intimately  united  above  a  common 
umbilicus ;  and  a  double  head,  with  the  faces 
Looking  in  opposite  directions.— I.  G.  St.  Hilairo. 

JANIPHA  MANIHOT,  Jatropha  manihot. 

JANITOR,  Pylorus. 

JANITRIX,  Porta  vena. 

JANON-TARENTISME,  Tarantismns. 

JANUS,  Dicephalus. 

JAQUIER,  Artocarpus. 

JARRET,  Poples. 

JARRETIER,  Poplitseus  muscle,  Hamstring. 

JARRETIERE  (F.),  Peris'ccUs,  a  garter, 
from  garetum  or  garretum,  in  low  Latin,  the  ham. 
A  kind  of  furfuraceous  herpes,  which  occupies 
the  part  of  the  leg  where  the  garter  is  worn. 

JASMIN,  Jasminum  ofiicinale. 

JASMINUM  ARABICUM,  Coffea  Arabum. 

Jas'minui[  Officina'le,  Jas?/jfrt!/»i,Jeeeni'i'«u)n, 
the  Jes'samine,  (F.)  Jasmin.  Ord.  Jasminete. 
The  flowers  of  this  beautiful  plant  have  a  very 
fragrant  smell,  and  a  bitter  taste.  They  afford, 
by  distillation,  an  essential  oil;  which  is  much 
esteemed  in  Italy,  for  rubbing  paralytic  limbs, 
and  in  the  cure  of  rheumatic  pains. 

JASPER,  Jaspis. 

JASPIS,  Jasper.  A  precious  stone,  supposed 
by  the  ancients  to  be  capable  of  arresting  hemor- 
rhage when  worn  as  an  amulet. 

JATAMANSI,  SumbuL 

JAT'ROPHA  CURCAS,  (from  laofiai,  'I  heal,' 
and  rp£<pijL.i,  'I  nourish.')  Ric"inus  major,  Rici- 
no'i'des,  Pi'neus  seu  Curcas  purgans,  Pinho'nes 
In'dici,  Fuha  cathar'tiea,  AveUa'na  cathar'tica, 
Nux  cathar'tica  America'na  seu  Barbaden'sis, 
Physic  Nut,  (F.)  Pignon  d'Inde,  Medicinier  ca- 
thartique.  Grand  haricot  de  Perou,  Pignon  de 
Barbaric,  Noix  cnthartique,  N.  Americaine  ou 
des  Barbadcs.  iVbrY.  Orrfe)-,  Euphorbiacea?.  The 
seeds  of  this  plant  afford  a  quantity  of  oil,  given, 
in  many  places,  like  the  castor  oil;  to  which,  in- 
deed, it  is  nearly  allied.  They  contain  a  peculiar 
acid,  the  JatropMc  or  Igasuric. 

The  seeds  of  Jatropha  Multif'ida  are  called 
Purging  Nuts,  and  give  out  a  similar  oil. 

Jathopha  Elastica,  see  Caoutchouc. 

Jatropha  Man'ihot,  Jan'ijjha  Man'ihot,  Man- 
ihot ^itiliss'ima.  Bitter  Cassa'va.  The  plant  af- 
fording the  Cassa'da  or  Cassa'va  Root,  Caca'vi, 
Cassa've,  Cazabi,  Pain  de  Madagascar,  Rie"iniia 
Minor,  Man'ioc,  Mandioc,  Magnoc,  Maniot,  Yucca, 
Maniibar,  Aipi,  Aipima  eoxera,  Aipipoca,  Jani- 
j)ha.  The  juice  of  the  root  is  extremely  acrid 
and  poisonous.  What  remains,  after  expressing 
it,  is  made  into  cakes  or  meal ;  of  which  the  cas- 
sada  or  cassava  bread  is  formed.  This  bread 
constitutes  a  principal  food  of  the  inhabitants  of 
those  parts  where  it  grows. 

The  fecula  of  the  root  forms  Tapioca,  Cipipa, 
Fec'ida  Tapio'ha,  Am'ylum  manihot'icum,  which 


JAUNDERS 


515 


JUGALIS 


is  very  nutritious.     It  may  be  prepared  in   the 
same  manner  as  sago. 

A  factitious  Tapioca  is  met  with  in  the  shops, 
which  is  in  very  small,  smooth,  spherical  grains, 
and  is  supposed  to  be  prepared  from  potato  starch. 
It  is  sold  under  the  na.in&  pern-l  tapioca. 

Jatropha  Urexs.  a  most  deadly  plant.  The 
touch  of  its  five  bristly  stings  had  nearly  cost 
Mr.  Smith,  the  curator  of  Kew  gardens,  his  life. 

JAUNDERS,  Icterus. 

JAUNDICE,  Icterus— j.  Black,  MeljEna  — j. 
Green,  Icterus  viridis — j.  Lead,  Icterus  satur- 
ninus — j.  Red,  Phenigmus. 

JAUNE,  Yellow— J.  d'(Euf,  see  Ovum. 

JA  UNISSE,  Icterus. 

JAW  BONE,  Maxillary  Bone. 

JAW-DISEASE,  PHOSPHORUS,  see  Phos- 
phorl^s. 

JEAN-DE-GLAINES,  ST.,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  These  waters  are  situate  two  leagues 
from  Billom  in  Auvergne.  They  contain  chlo- 
ride of  calcium,  and  carbonate  of  magnesia;  dis- 
solved in  an  excess  of  carbonic  acid. 

JEANNETTE,  Narcissus  pseudonareissus. 

JECINUS,  Liver. 

JECORAIRE,  Hepatic. 

JECORAL,  Hepatic. 

JECORARIA,  Marchantia  polymorphia. 

JECORARIUS,  Hepateros,  Hepatic. 

JECORIS  VOMICA,  see  Hepatitis. 

JECTIGA'TIO.  A  word  used  by  Van  Helmont 
for  a  species  of  epilepsy  or  convulsion. 

JECUR,  Liver — j.  Uterinum,  Placenta. 

JEFFERSO'NIA  BARTO'NI,  J.  BipTiyl'la, 
Common  Tiuinleaf,  Yellow  Root,  Rheumatism 
Root,  Helmet  Pod,  Oround  Squirrel  Pea.  An 
indigenous  plant,  belonging  to  Nat.  Ord.  Berbe- 
ridese,  Sex.  Syst.  Octandria  Monogynia  ;  which 
possesses  medical  properties  analogous  to  those 
of  hydrastis. 

JEJUNITAS,  Hunger. 

JEJUNI'TIS;  a  term  of  hybrid  formation,— 
from  Jejunum,  'the  intestine  jejunum,' and  itis, 
a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  ieiunum. 

JEJUNIUM,  Hunger,  Fasting. 

JEJU'NUM,  from  jejunus,  'empty;'  Nestis, 
vrjaTi;,  Nesti'a.  The  part  of  the  small  intestine 
comprised  between  the  duodenum  and  ileum.  It 
has  been  so  called,  because  it  is  almost  always 
found  empty  in  the  dead  body. 

JELLY,  Gelly— j.  of  the  Cord,  Gelatin  of 
Wharton — j.  Rice,  see  Oryza — j.  Water,  Bra- 
senia  hydropeltis. 

JENEPERE.  Juniperus  communis. 

JENKINSONIA  ANTIDYSENTERICA,  Pe- 
largonium antidysentericum. 

JERGON,  see  Arrow-poison. 
_  JERKING    RESPIRATION,    Respiration, 
jerking. 

JERKS,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

JEROFFLERIS.  Dianthus  caryophyllus. 

JERSEY,  CLIMATE  OF.  Jersey  is  the 
largest  of  the  islands  of  the  British  Channel,  and 
is  most  frequented  by  invalids.  Its  climate 
closely  resembles  that  of  the  south-west  coast 
of  England,  and  especially  of  Penzance,  and  it  is 
adapted  to  the  same  class  of  invalids. 

JERUSALEM  OAK  OF  AMERICA,  Cheno- 
podium  anthelminticum. 

JESEMINUM,  Jasminum  officinale. 

JESSAMINE,  Jasminum  officinale— j.  Yellow, 
Gelseminum  nitidum. 

JETICUCU,  Batata  de  purga. 

JEUNESSE,  Adolescence. 

JEWBUSH,  Pedilanthus  tithymaloides. 

JEWEL  WEED,  Impatiens  balsamina. 


_  JEW'S  EAR,  Peziza  auricula— j.  Harp,  Tril- 
lium latifolium. 

JIGGER,  Chicjue. 

JIMPSON  WEED,  Datura  stramonium. 

JIMSTON  WEED,  Datura  stramonium. 

JIZZEN-BED,  see  Parturition. 

JOANNESIA  PRINCEPS,  Anda. 

JOANNETTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Several  springs  are  found  at  Joannette,  about 
five  leagues  from  Angers,  in  France.  The  waters 
are  both  cold  and  warm,  and  contain  sulphate  of 
lime;  subcarbonate  of  soda;  chloride  of  sodium; 
some  iron;  chloride  of  calcium,  and,  sometimes, 
a  kind  of  saponaceous  matter.  They  are  chiefly 
used  as  a  tonic  in  chlorosis,  leucorrhoja,  &c. 

JOE  PYE,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  and  E. 
purpureum. 

JOHNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Johne 
is  a  village  near  Dol  in  Franche-Comte,  France, 
where  is  a  mineral  spring,  which  contains  sub- 
carbonate  of  soda,  and  subcarbonates  of  magne- 
sia and  iron.  It  is  used  chiefiy  as  a  bath  in 
certain  diseases  of  the  skin,  and  in  atonic  affec- 
tions. 

JOINT,  Articulation— i.  Ball  and  Socket,  En- 
arthrosis — j.  Dove-tail,  Suture — j.  Stiff,  Anky- 
losis. 

JONAS.  Icterus. 

Jonas,  Mineral  Waters  op.  This  spring  is 
situate  to  the  south-west  of  Bourbon-l'Archam- 
bault,  in  France.  The  waters  contain  chloride 
of  calcium  and  sulphate  of  lime;  chloride  of 
sodium,  and  sulphate  of  soda:  carbonate  of 
iron,  and  carbonic  acid  gas.  They  are  tonic  and 
aperient. 

JORDAN'S  WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 
These  are  in  Virginia,  five  or  six  miles  from  Win- 
chester. They  are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  sul- 
phureous springs  in  general. 

JOT-GUT,  Rectum. 

JOUAN,  ST.,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  St. 
Jouan  is  a  village,  near  Saint-Malo,  in  France, 
The  water  is  a  cold  chalybeate. 

JOUBARBE  ACRE,  Sedum— y.  des  Toits, 
Sempervivum  tectorum — j.  des  Vignes,  Sedum 
telephium. 

JOUE,  Genu. 

JOULOS,  Julus. 

JOUR.  Dies. 

JOURS  CANICULAIRES,  Dog  days—,/. 
Critiques,  Critical  days — j.  Indicoteiirs,  Indi- 
cating days — j.  Paroxyntiques,  see  Paroxyntie. 

JOVIS  FLOS,  Crocus— j.  Glans,  Juglans. 

JUCATO  CALLELOE,  Phytolacca  deeandra. 

JUDjE'US,  Juda'ictis  seu  Phoeniei' tes  Lapis, 
Tecol'ithos,  (F.)  Pierre  Jndaique.  A  stone, 
found  in  Judjea,  Palestine,  &c.  CaJled,  also. 
Lapis  Syriaciis.  It  was  formerly  esteemed  to  be 
diuretic  and  lithontriptic. 

JUDGMENT,  Jndic"um,  fF.)  Jugement.  The 
faculty  of  the  intellect,  by  which  ideas  are  com- 
pared with  each  other,  and  their  relative  worth 
appreciated. 

JUDICATORII  DIES,  Critical  days. 

JUDICIUM,  Judgment. 

JUGA  ALVEOLARIA,  see  Alveolar  arches. 

Ju'ga  Cereera'lia.  Prominences  on  the  inner 
surface  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  between  the 
digital  impressions. 

JUGAL,  Zygomatic — j.  Process,  Zygomatic 
process. 

JuGAL  Region,  Re'gio  Juga'Us.  The  region 
of  the  cheek-bone. 

JUGALE  OS,  Malse  os. 

JUGALIS,  Zygomatic. 

JuGALis  Suto'ra,  from  Ivyov,  j'ugum,  (from 
jungere,  jitnctiim,  'to  join,')  'a  yoke.'  The 
suture  which  unites  the  Os  MaloB  or  Os  Juga'le 


JUGEMENT 


516 


JUNIPEEUS   COMMUNIS 


with  the  superior  maxillary  bone.  Also,  the 
sagittal  suture. 

JUGEMENT.  Judgment. 

JUGEOLINE,  Sesamum  orientale. 

JUGLANS,  BLACK.  J.  nigra. 

JuGLANS  Ciner'ea  {Ju-glnns,  quasi  Jovis  glans), 
Butter  or  Oil  Nut,  White  Walnut.  Ord.  Juglan- 
daceae.  The  inner  bark  of  the  root  of  this  tree, 
Juglnns  (Ph.  U.  S.),  which  is  abundant  in  the 
United  States,  is  used  in  medicine,  in  the  form 
of  extract,  as  an  efficacious  and  mild  laxative,  in 
doses  of  from  10  to  20  grains.  It  is  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

Jug  LANS  Nigra,  Black  Juglans,  Blach  Walnut: 
indigenous.  The  rind  of  the  unripe  fruit  is  said 
to  remove  ringworm  and  tetter.  A  decoction  has 
been  given  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Juglaks  Re'gta,  JiKjlans,  Niix  Jucflans,  Carya 
basil' ica,  Kapva,  Carya.  The  Walnut,  French 
nut,  (F.)  Noyer,  the  tree;  Noix,  the  nut,  Kapvov, 
Oar'yon.  The  unripe  fruit,  in  the  state  in  which 
it  is  piciiled,  was  formerly  esteemed  to  be  anthel- 
mintic. The  putamen  or  green  rind  of  the  walnut 
has  been  celebrated  as  a  powerful  antisj'philitic, 
and  used  as  a  sort  of  diet  drink.  The  kernel  is 
an  agreeable  article  of  dessert;  but,  like  all  nuts, 
is  difficult  of  digestion.  The  expressed  oil,  Huile 
de  Noix,  is  used  in  Prance  as  an  aliment,  and, 
like  other  fixed  oils,  is  laxative. 

Various  preparations  of  the  leaves  have  been 
recommended  in  scrofulous  affections. 

JUG'ULAR,  Jugula'ris,  from  jvguliim,  (itself 
from,  j'ugum,  because  the  'yoke'  was  attached 
there,)  'the  throat.'     Relating  to  the  throat. 

Jugular  Fossa,  Fossa  Jugula'ris,  is  a  cavity 
in  the  petro-oceipitnl  suture.  It  is  formed  by  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  by  the 
occipital  bone,  and  lodges  the  origin  of  the  inter- 
nal jugular  vein.  It  is,  sometimes,  called  thimble- 
like  cavity. 

Jugular  Veins,  Vence  Jugula'res  sen  sphagit'- 
ides  seu  apoplee'ticce  seu  anpora'les.  These  are 
situate  at  the  lateral  and  anterior  parts  of  the 
neck.  They  are  two  on  each  side;  one  external, 
the_  other  internal.  1.  The  External  Jugular 
Vein,  Trachelo-sous-cutanie,  (Ch.)  is  of  less  size 
than  the  internal.  It  descends,  almost  vertically, 
along  the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck, 
from  the  cervix  of  the  lower  jaw  to  the  subcla- 
vian vein,  into  which  it  opens,  a  little  above  the 
internal  jugular.  It  is  formed  by  the  internal 
maxillary,  superficial  temporal,  and  posterior  au- 
ricular veins.  It  is  this  vein  which  is  commonly 
opened  in  bleeding  in  the  neck.  2.  The  Internal 
Jugular  Vein,  V.  Cephalique  (Ch.),  Vena  ajio- 
plcc'tiea,  is  much  larger,  and  more  deeply  seated 
than  the  preceding.  It  descends,  vertically,  along 
the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck,  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  foramen  lacerum  posterius  as 
far  as  the  subclavian  vein.  It  commences  at  the 
sinus  of  the  jugular  vein,  (F.)  Golfe  de  la  veine 
jugtdaire,  and  receives  the  blood,  which  returns 
by  the  sinus  of  the  dura  mater,  and  that  of  the 
facial,  lingual,  pharyngeal,  superior  thyroid,  oc- 
cipital, and  diploic  veins. 

JUGULUM,  Clavicle,  Throat— j.  Uteri,  Collum 
uteri. 

JUGUM  PENIS,  Presse-uretJire. 

JUICE.  EXPRESSED,  see  Succus. 

JU'JUBE,  Ju'juha,  Ziz'yphum,  BacccB  jujuhcB, 
B.  ^Ziz'yphi.  A  word  of  Arabic  origin.  The 
fruit  of  Bhamnus  Ziz'yphus  seu  Zlz'yphns  vnlga'- 
ris.  Ord.  Rhamnece.  A  native  of  the  south  of 
Europe.  It  was  formerly  ranked  amongst  the 
pectoral  fruits.  It  has  an  agreeable  sweet  taste. 
The  fruits  of  two  other  species  of  Zizyphus  —  Z. 
jujuha,  Bhamnns  jujuha,  Mansnna  arbo'rea,  a 
native  of  the  East'lndics,  and  Z.  lotus,  Bhamnus 


lotus,  Zizyphus  nit'ida  seu  sati'va  seu  sylves'tris, 
growing  in  North  Africa,  possess  properties  simi- 
lar to  those  of  Zizyphus  vulgaris. 

Jujube  Paste,  Paste  of  jujubes. 

JULAPIUM,  Julep — j.  Ck,mphorsB,  Mistura 
Camphorge. 

JULEB,  Julep. 

JULEP,  Jula'pium,  Jule'pus,  Zula'pium,  Jn- 
leb  of  the  Persians.  A  sweet  drink.  A  demul- 
cent, acidulous  or  mucilaginous  mixture. 

Julep,  Camphor,  Mistura  camphoraj — ■_/.  Catn- 
phrS,  Mistura  camphorfe — j.  Chalk,  Mistura 
creta3 — ^j.  Mint,  see  Mint  julep. 

JULUS,  Julos,  loulos,  tov\og.  The  first  down 
that  appears  upon  the  chin. — Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

JUM,  Lolium  temulentum. 

JUMBLE  BEADS,  see  Abrus  preeatorius. 

JUiMEAU,  Gemellus. 

JU3IEA IJX  BE  LA  JAMBE,  Gastrocnemii. 

JUMELLE,  Gemellus. 

JUxMENTOUS  URINE,  Urine jumenteuse. 

JUMPERS,  see  Convulsionnaire. 

JUNCTURA,  Articulation. 

JUNCUS  ODORA'TUS,  from  jungere,juncfum, 
'to  join,'  in  allusion  to  the  use  of  rushes  for 
bands.  [?]  Andl-opo'gon  schoenan' thus  seu  bicor'- 
nis  seu  citra'tus  seu  citriodo'rus,  Cymbopo'gon 
schcenan'thns,  Foenum  camelo'rum,  Juncus  aromat'- 
icus.  Camel's  hay,  Sioeet  rush,  Schoenan' thus, 
Schcenan'thum,  Scce-rian'thum,  Cal'amus  odora'tus, 
Squinan'thus,  Gramen  orienta'le,  (F.)  Jonc  odo- 
rant,  Foin  de  chameau.  Ord.  Graminese.  The 
dried  plant,  which  is  generally  procured  from 
Turkej'  and  Arabia,  has  an  agreeable  smell,  and 
a  warm,  bitterish  taste.  It  was  formerly  used  as 
a  stomachic  and  deobstruent. 

JUNGLE  FEVER.  A  variety  of  remittent 
occurring  in  the  jungle  districts  of  India. 

JUNIPER  TREE,  Juniperus  communis. 

JUNIP'ERUM  VINUM.  Wine  impregnated 
with  juniper  berries. 

JUNIP'ERUS  COMMU'NIS,  J".  Suec"ica,  Ar- 
ceu'thos,  Ju'niper  tree;  Akat'alis,  Akat'era,  (Sc.) 
Jenepere.  Family,  ConiferEe.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia 
Monadelphia.  The  berries,  Jnnip'erus  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  (Sc.)  Eatin -berries,  Etnagh-berries,  are  or- 
dered in  the  pharmacopoeias.  Their  odour  is 
strong,  but  not  unpleasant.  Taste  warm,  pun- 
gent. Properties  dependent  upon  essential  -oil, 
which  they  yield  to  both  water  and  alcohol. 
Dose,  9j  to  ^ss,  rubbed  with  sugar.  In  Hol- 
land, juniper  berries  are  used  for  flavouring 
gin.  The  oil,  O'leum  Junip'eri,  possesses  the 
virtues  of  the  plant.  It  is  called,  by  Ruland, 
Targar.  (F.)  Genevrier  (the  plant),  Gcnievre 
(the  berry). 

Juniperus  Ltcia.  This  plant — Thu'rea,  Th. 
virga.  Arbor  thurif'era  —  has  been  supposed  to 
afford  the  true  frankincense,  Cedros  Olib'anvm, 
Thus  Libano'tos,  Libano'tum,  Lih'anos,  Thus 
mas'culum.  Thus  verum,  (F.)  Encens.  By  some, 
however,  it  is  supposed  to  be  the  produce  of  an 
Am'yris,  and  by  others  of  Boswel'lia  serra'ta,  or 
B.  thurif'era.  The  odour  of  olibanum  is  peculiar 
and  aromatic;  taste  bitterish  and  slightly  pun- 
gent; partly  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  forming  a 
milky  emulsion,  when  triturated  with  water.  It 
was  formerly  used  in  dysentery  and  hemoptysis, 
but  is  now  never  employed  except  as  a  perfume 
in  a  sick  room. 

Juniperus  Oxyce'driis,  (F.)  Genevrier  Oxyci- 
dre,  Cade,  Oxicedre,  Oxycedre,  grows  in  the 
south  of  Europe,  Siberia,  &e.  By  combustion  of 
the  wood,  a  liquid  tar,  O'leum  ca'dinum,  Junip'- 
eri o'leum  empyreumat'icum,  Oil  of  Cade,  (F.) 
Huile  de  Cade  ou  de  Genevrier,  is  obtained,  which 
is  employed  externally  in  various  chronic  cuta- 
neous and  other  diseases. 

Juniperus  Sabi'na,  Sabi'na,  S.  ster'ilis,  Savi'- 


JUNK 


517 


KALIUM   lODATUM 


na,  Bruta,  Cedrus  haceif  era.  Common  or  barren 
gavin ;  Brathu,  Bratliys,  Ba'raihron,  Bo'rathron, 
(F.)  Sabine,  Savinier.  The  odour  of  savin  tops, 
Sabi'na  of  the  pharmacopoeias,  is  strong  and  dis- 
agreeable. Taste  hot,  acrid,  and  bitter,  depend- 
ing on  an  essential  oil.  Their  operation  is  stimu- 
lant, emmenagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  abortive; 
externally,  escharotic.  Dose,  internally,  gr.  v  to 
X  of  the  powder.  As  an  escharotic,  they  are  ap- 
plied in  povrder  or  formed  into  a  cerate.  The 
essential  oil,  O'leum  Sabi'ncs  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  the 
virtues  of  the  savine.     Dose,  two  to  five  drops. 

Jdniperds  Sukcica,  J.  communis. 

JuNiPERUs  Virginia'na,  Red  cedar.  This  tree 
is  known  throughout  the  United  States  by  the 
name  of  savine,  and  is  often  used  for  the  same 
purposes.  The  tops  and  leaves  are  ofBcinal  in 
the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States. 

JUNK,  Pad. 

JUNO  LUCINA,  Ilithyia. 

JUNO'S  TEARS,  Verbena  officinalis. 

JUPITER,  Tin. 

JUPITER'S  BEARD,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

JURIBALI,  Enribali.  A  tree  in  the  forests 
of  Pomeroon.  Fam.  Meliaceae.  Class,  Ootan- 
dria.  Nat.  Order,  Monogj'nia.  The  bark  is 
febrifuge,  and  may  be  given  in  powder  or  infu- 
sion, (_^j  ad  aq.  buUient.  Oij.) 

JURISPRU'DENCE,  MED'ICAL,  from  jus, 
juris,  'law,'  and  prudenfia,  'knowledge.'  Juris- 
pricden'tia  Med'ica.  This  word  is  often  used 
synonymously  with  Legal  Medicine.  It  is  at 
times  employed  for  the  embodied  laws  and  regu- 
lations that  relate  to  the  teaching  and  practice 
of  medicine. 

JURY  OF  MATRONS.  A  jury  formed  of  wo- 
men empanelled  under  a  writ  de  ventre  insjyici- 
endo,  to  try  the  question,  whether  a  woman  is 
with  child  or  not. 

JUS,  Zomos,  Zomid'ium,  Sorhit"io,  Sor'bitum. 
Soup,  broth,  Jus'cuhnn  or  bouillon. 


Jus  BoviNTiM,  Beef-tea — j.  Coagulatum,  Gelly. 

JUS  D'HERBES  (F.).  The  juice  of  certain 
vegetables  administered  as  depuratives  ;  as  that 
of  fumitory,  burdock,  water  trefoil,  &e. 

Jus  Jelatum,  Gelly — j.  de  Reglisse,  see  Gly- 
cyrrhiza  —  /.  de  Viande,  see  Bouillon. 

JUSCULUM,  see  Jus. 

JUSEE  (F.).  An  aqueous  maceratum  of  tan, 
coarsely  powdered,  in  which  the  skins  of  animals 
have  been  steeped  for  a  time,  in  the  preparation 
of  leather.  An  extract  has  been  prepared  from 
this,  which  has  been  prescribed  in  syrup  and  in 
pill ;  each  pill  containing  about  a  grain  and  a  half 
of  the  extract;  and  two  being  taken  daily  in 
phthisis,  and  in  general  debility  connected  with 
scrofula  and  rickets. ^Barruel. 

JUSQ  UIA  3TINE.  Hy oscy amus. 

JUSQUIAMUS,  Hyoseyamus. 

JUSQUIAU3IE,  Hyoseyamus. 

JUSTICIA  EIVALVIS,  Adulasso— j.  Adha- 
toda,  Adhatoda. 

JUSTIC"IA  Ecbol'iuM,  Carim  curini.  A  MaW 
bar  plant,  the  root  of  which,  and  the  leaves,  in 
decoction,  are  considered  in  the  country  to  be 
lithontriptic. 

JusTiciA  Pectora'lis.  A  West  India  plant, 
which  is  slightly  astringent.  (F.)  Carmantine, 
C.  Pectorale,  Herbe  aux  CJiarjjentiers. 

JUVANS,  pi.  Javantia,  Auxil'ium,  Remed'ium. 
A  medicine  or  substance  of  any  kind,  which  re- 
lieves a  disorder.     An  Adjuvant. 

JUVENIS,  Adolescens. 

JUVENTA,  Adolescence,  Hebe. 

JUVENTAS,  Adolescence,  Hebe. 

JUVENTUS,  Adolescence,  Hebe. 

JUXTAPOSIT"ION,  Jaxtaposit"io,  from 
juxta,  'near  to,'  and  2^one)'e,  ^^ositnm,  'to  place.' 
The  mode  of  increase  proper  to  minerals;  which 
consists  in  the  successive  application  of  new 
molecules  upon  those  that  form  the  primitive 
nucleus.     It  is  opposed  to  intussusception. 


K. 

JV.  B. — Most  of  the  terms  under  K,  derived  from  the  Greek;  are  found  under  the  letter  C. 


K.  This  letter  was  formerly  used  to  designate 
a  compound  of  geld. 

KAATH,  Catechu. 

KAAWY.  Ancient  name  of  an  Indian  drink, 
prepared  from  maize. 

ZABALA,  Cabal. 

K^MPFERIA  GALANGA,  see  Maranta  ga- 
langa. 

K^mpfe'ria  Rotun'da.  Called  after  Ksemp- 
fer,  the  naturalist.  Zedoa'ria,  Z.  rotun'da,  Amo'- 
mum  zedoa'ria,  Col'chicum  Zeylan'icum,  Curcu'- 
ma  aromat'ica,  Zed'oary,  (F.)  Zedoaire  rond. 
Ord.  Zingiberaceas.  The  roots  of  this  Ceylonese 
plant  have  a  fragant  smell,  and  warm,  bitterish, 
aromatic  taste.  They  are  in  wrinkled,  gray,  ash- 
coloured,  heavy,  firm,  short  pieces;  of  a  brown- 
ish-red colour  within  ;  and  are  stimulant  and 
carminative.     Dose,  ^j  to  ^]  of  the  powder. 

According  to  some,  the  round  zedoary  is  fur- 
nished by  Curcuma  zerumbet ;  the  long,  Zedoa'ria 
longa,  by  Curcuma  zedoa'ria. 

KAHINCiE  RADIX,  Caincas  radix. 

KAIB,  Kayl.  A  word  employed  by  the  alche- 
mists for  sour  and  coagulated  milk. 

KAJEPUT,  Cajeput. 


KAKERLAKISM,  see  Albino. 

KAKOCHYMIA,  Cacoohymia. 

KALI,  Potash,  Potassa  —  k.  Acetas,  Potassaa 
acetas — k.  Aeratum,  Potass£e  carbonas  —  k.  Bi- 
chromicum,  Potassa;  bichromas  —  k.  Causticum, 
Potassa  fusa  —  k.  Causticum  cum  calce,  Potassa 
cum  calce — k.  Chloricum,  Potass*  murias  hyper- 
oxygenatus — k.  Chromicum  aeidum,  Potassse  bi- 
chromas— k.  Chromicum  flavum,  Potassse  bichro- 
mas— k.  Chromicum  rubrum,  Potasste  bichromas 
—  k.  Chromicum  neutrale,  Potass£e  chromas  — 
k.  Ilydriodinicum,  see  Potassse  hydriodas  —  k, 
Inermis,  see  Salsola  kali  —  k.  Nitricum,  Po- 
tassa3  nitras — k.  Oxalicum  acidulum,  Potassa,  ox- 
alate of — k.  Praeparatum,  Potassas  subcarbonas 
— k.  Praeparatum  e  tartaro,  see  Potash — k.  Purum, 
Potassa  fusa  —  k.  Soda,  see  Salsola  kali — k.  Spi- 
nosum  cochleatum,  Salsola  kali — k.  Subcarbonas, 
Potassas  subcarbonas  —  k.  Sulphas,  Potassfe  sul- 
pihas — k.  Sulphuricum,  Potassre  sulphas — k.  Sul- 
phuretum,  Potassaj  snlphuretum  —  k.  Tartariza- 
tum,  PotassEB  tartras — k.  e  Tartaro,  see  Potash — > 
k.  Vitriolatum,  PotassEe  sulphas. 

KALICUM  HYDRAS,  Potassa  fusa. 

KALIUM  lODATUM,  see  Potassas  hydriodas 


KALMIA  ANGUSTIFOLIA 


518 


KIDNEY 


—  k.  lodatum  Ilydrargyratum,  Potassii  hydrar- 
gyro-iodidum. 

KALMIA  ANGUSTIFO'LIA.  Called  after 
Kalm,  the  botanist.  Ivy,  Narrow-leaved  Kalmia 
or  Laurel,  Dwarf  Laurel,  Sheei)  Laurel.  Ord. 
Ericaceae.  This  plant  has  the  same  virtues  as  K. 
latifolia.  So  also  have  Kalmia  Cdnea'ta  and 
Kalmia  Hirsu'ta. 

Kalmia,  Broad  Leaved,  K.  latifolia. 

Kalmia  Glauca,  Swamp  Laurel,  Pale  Laurel. 

Kalmia  Latifo'liA,  Broad -leaved  Kalmia, 
Cal'ieo  bush,  Laurel,  llountain  or  Ease  or  Broad- 
leaved  Laurel,  Big  Ivy,  Spoonwood,  Lambkill, 
Sheep-poison.  (F.)  Laurier  des  Montagues.  This 
plant  kills  sheep  and  other  animals.  The  Indians 
use  it  as  a  poison.  The  powdered  leaves  have 
been  applied  successfully  in  tinea  capitis ;  and  a 
decoction  of  it  has  been  used  for  the  itch.  The 
powder,  mixed  with  lard,  has  been  applied  in 
herpes. 

Kalmia,  Narrow-leaved,  K.  angustifolia. 

KALO,  Arum  esculentum. 

KAMEYLA,  see  Kottlera  tinctoria. 

KAMPHUR,  Camphor. 

KANKPtOID,  Cancroid. 

KAPHUR,  Camphor. 

KARABE,  Asphaltum. 

KARABITUS,  Phrenitis. 

KARCINOSEN,  Carcinoses. 

KARENA,  Carena. 

KARKINOMA,  Carcinoma. 

KARSON-KHAYI,  Swietenia  Senegalensis. 

KASSADER,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KASSAUDER,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KATASARCA,  Anasarca. 

KATASTALTICA,  Astringents. 

KAVA,  Ava. 

KAVIAC,  Caviare. 

KAWING,  Anhelatio. 

KAYL,  Kaib. 

KECKCORN,  Trachea. 

KECKER,  Trachea. 

KEEN-BITE,  see  Congelation. 

KEER,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

KEITA,  Monsonia  ovata. 

KELISj  see  Cancroid. 

KELKING,  Eructation. 

KELOID,  Cancroid. 

KELOTOMIA,  Celotomia. 

KELP,  Varec.  The  impure  mineral  nlkali  ob- 
tained by  burning  certain  marine  plants.  See  Soda. 

KENCH,  Sprain. 

KENNELWORT,  Sorophularia  nodosa. 

KENTUCK'Y,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
Olympian  Springs,  Mudlick,  in  this  State,  are  near 
the  sources  of  Licking  river.  There  are  three 
diiferent  kinds,  in  the  space  of  half  a  mile.  One 
of  them  is  saline,  impregnated  with  sulphur; — 
another  is  chalybeate,  and  a  third  a  suljihui-eous 
spring.  In  various  parts  of  Kentucky,  there  are 
saline  waters,  which  are  frequented  by  inva- 
lids. The  Salines  at  Bigbone,  formerly  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture  of  salt,  are  now  re- 
sorted to.  A  spring,  near  Harrodsburg,  in  Mercer 
County,  is  strongly  impregnated  with  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  and  is  much  visited.  At  the  Blue  Licks 
on  both  banks  of  the  Licking  river,  there  are 
sulphureous  saline  waters. 

KERATIASIS,  Ceratiasis. 

KERATITIS.  Ceratitis. 

KERATOCELE,  Ceratocele. 

KERATODEITIS.  Ceratitis. 

KERATO-GLOSSUS,  Cerato-glossus. 

KERATO-IRITIS,  Aquo-membranitis. 

KERATO-MALACIA,  Cerato-malacia. 

KERATONYXIS.  Ceratonvxis. 

K E  R  A T  0-P HARYNGEUS,  Cerato-pharyn- 
geus. 

KERATOPLASTY,  Ceratoplastice. 


KERATO-STAPHYLINUS,  Cerato-staphyli- 
nus. 

KERATOTOMUS,  Ceratotomus,  Knife,  cata- 
ract. 

KEREGTOMY,  Cerectomy. 

KERION,  see  Favosus. 

KERMES,  Chermes,  Alkerm'es.  One  of  the 
species  of  the  genus  kermes  lives  on  a  green  oak, 
and  is  called  Coccus  il'icis,  Kermes  animal. 
Cocci  granum,  Coccum,  C.  baph'icum  seu  itifec'to- 
rium  seu  tijicto'rum  seu  scarlati'num,  &c.  The 
oak,  to  which  allusion  has  been  made,  is  known 
by  botanists  under  the  name  Quercu-s  coccif'era, 
and  grows  abundantly  in  the  uncultivated  lands 
of  southern  France,  Spain,  and  in  the  islands  of 
the  Grecian  Archipelago.  The  kermes  inhabiting 
it  has  the  appearance  of  a  small,  spherical,  inani- 
mate shell.  Its  colour  is  reddish-brown,  and  it 
is  covered  with  a  slightly  ash-coloured  dust. 
This  is  the  kermes  of  the  shops.  It  is  now  only 
used  in  dyeing;  but  was  formerly  reputed  to 
possess  aphrodisiac,  analeptic,  anti-abortive,  and 
other  virtues. 

Kermes  Mineral,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prae- 
cipitatum  and  A.  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

KERNEL,  Tubercle. 

KERNELS,  WAXING,  see  Waxing  kernels. 

KERN-MILK,  Buttermilk. 

KERUA,  Ricinus  communis. 

KETCHUP,  Catchup.  A  pickle  prepared  from 
the  liquor  of  the  mushroom,  walnut,  tomato,  &c. 

KETMIA  iEGYPTIACA,  Hibiscus  abelmos- 
chus. 

KEY,  Sax.  0385,  Clavis,  Cleis,  Clanis  An'glica, 
(F.)  Clef;  Clef  de  Garangeot.  An  instrument, 
used  for  extracting  teeth.  It  consists  of  a  firm 
handle,  with  a  claw  at  right  angles  to  it,  a.nd 
moving  upon  a  pivot.  This  claw  euiliruees  the^ 
tooth.  It  has  undergone  several  modifications, 
and  hence  various  instruments  are  used  under 
this  denomination.  The  French  have  the  Clef  <Jt 
pompe,  Clef  d  pivot,  and  Clef  d  noix, 

KEYRI  CHEIKI,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

KHALA  MIMUC,  Bit  noben. 

KHAYA  SENEGALENSIS,  Swietenia  Sene- 
galensis. 

KHUS-KHUS,  Andropogon  muricatus. 

KIAS'TER,  Chiaster,  from  ;)(;(n^£iv,  'to  cross.' 
A  species  of  bandage,  having  the  form  of  the 
Greek  letter  X'  '^vhioh  the  ancients  used  for  ap- 
proximating, and  maintaining  in  contact,  the 
fragments  of  the  patella,  in  cases  of  fracture  of 
that  bone.  It  was  applied  in  the  form  of  the 
figure  8. 

KIBE,  Chilblain. 

KIBISTITOME,  Cystitome. 

KIDNEY.  Its  etymology  is  uncertain.  Sere- 
nius  derives  it  fancifully  from  Su.  Goth,  qued,  the 
belly  ;  and  nigh,  (quasi,  quidney.)  Ren,  Nephros, 
Protme'sis,  (So.)  Neir,  Nere,  (F.)  Rein.  The 
kidneys  or  reins  are  the  secretory  organs  of  the 
urine.  They  are  two  glands,  situate  deeply, — 
the  one  on  the  right,  and  the  other  on  the  left 
side  —  in  the  hypochondres  :  at  the  sides  of  the 
lumbar  vertebrte  ;  behind  the  peritoneum  ;  and 
in  the  midst  of  an  abundant,  fatty  areolar  tissue, 
Tu'nica  seu  Cap'sula  adipo'sa.  The  kidney  is 
of  a  reddish-brown  colour;  oval  form;  and  flat- 
tened on  two  surfaces.  It  has,  at  its  internal 
margin,  a  deep  fissure,  by  which  the  renal  vessels 
and  nerves  enter  or  quit  the  organ,  and  the  ure- 
ter issues.  It  resembles,  pretty  accurately,  the 
haricot  or  kidney-bean.  Two  substances  are 
readily  distinguishable  in  it; — the  outer,  secern- 
ing, cortical,  glandular  or  vascular,  Substan'tia 
cortica'lis  seu  glandulo'sa,  which  secretes  the 
urine ;  and  the  inner,  tubular,  medidlary,  urini- 
ferous,  conoidal  or  radiated,  Substan'tia  Medul- 
la'ris  seu  Tubulo'sa  seu  Fibro'sa,  which  appears 


KIESTEINE 


519 


KIST 


under  the  form  of  small  cones  or  unequal  papillcB 
er  niamm!U(B,  each  resulting  from  the  union  of 
small  capillary  tubes,  adherent  by  one  of  their 
extremities  to  the  cortical  substance;  and  open- 
ing, by  the  other,  at  the  summit  of  the  cone,  into 
cnllce-1,  a  species  of  membranous  tubes,  more  or 
less  iiumeriius,  which  transmit  the  urine  of  the 
piipillts  to  the  pelvis.  By  the  pelvis  is  meant  a 
small,  membranous  sac,  of  an  irregularly  oval 
shape,  at  the  base  of  which  are  the  orifices  of  the 
calices,  and  the  other  extremity  of  which  is  con- 
tinuous with  the  ureter.  The  kidney  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  fibrous  membrane  proper  to  it,  Peri- 
iiejih'rns,  Tu'nica  pro'pria  seu  albiigiii'ea.  It 
has  been  shown  by  Mr.  Bowman  and  others  that 
the  renal  artery  is  distributed  to  the  corpora  Mal- 
pighiana,  forming  a  pellet  of  convolutions,  which 
is  received  into  a  flask-like  dilatation  of  the  ure- 
ter— Boivman's  Capsule,  and  through  which — it  is 
conceived — the  watery  portion  of  the  urine  is  se- 
parated. The  blood  then  becomes  venous,  and  is 
distributed  by  different  veins — portal  veins  of  the 
kidxiey — to  the  convoluted  tubes  through  which 
the  proper  urine  is  secreted.  Hence  the  blood 
passes  into  the  renal  vein.  The  intermediate 
vessels  between  the' Malpighian  bodies  and  the 
convoluted  tubes  have  been  termed  the  Portal 
System  of  the  Kidney. 

Kidney,  Bright's  Disease  of  the,  Iforhus 
Bright' ii  seu  albuminen'sis  seu  grnnnlo'eus  Re- 
ntmi,  Nephri'tis  albumino'sa  seu  soei.a'ta,  JVeph'- 
ria,  Nephroehalazo' sis,  Nephrococco'sis,  Uroze'mia 
albumino'sa,  Caehec'tic  or  Asso'ciated  nephritis, 
Inflammation  of  the  Malpig'hiancor'pnscles,  Dis- 
ease of  Bright,  Gran'ular  Degeneration  or  Dis- 
organization of  the  Kidney,  Granidar  Kidney  of 
Bright,  Caehec'tic  nephri'tis,  Chalazonephri'tis, 
(F.)  Maladie  de  Bright,  Nephrite  albumineuse, 
jEtat  Granuleux  ou  Degenereseenee  granulee  dit 
Rein,  Albnminnrorrhee.  A  granular  disease  of 
the  cortical  part  of  the  kidney,  which  gives  occa- 
sion to  the  secretion  of  urine  that  contains  albu- 
men, and  is  of  less  specific  gravity  than  natural, 
and  which  destroys  by  inducing  other  diseases. 
It  was  first  described  by  Dr.  Bright,  of  London. 

KiDNEV,  Granular,  of  Bright,  Kidney, 
Bright's  disease  of  the. 

KI'ESTBINE,  Ki'estein,  properly  Ky'esteine, 
Ky'estein,  Kystein,  Cy'esteine  or  Cy'estein,  Kies- 
the'in, — (Lehmann),  from  kvuv,  'to  be  pregnant,' 
and  £(t9)?s,  '  a  garment  or  pellicle.'  A  peculiar 
albuminoid  pellicle,  which  forms  on  the  urine  of 
a  pregnant  female  when  allowed  to  stand  for  a 
few  days.  It  is  whitish,  opalescent,  slightly 
granular,  and  may  be  compared  to  the  fatty  sub- 
stance that  swims  on  the  surface  of  soups,  after 
they  have  been  allowed  to  cool.  When  taken  in 
conjunction  with  other  phenomena,  it  is  a  valu- 
able aid  in  the  diagnosis  of  early  pregnancy. 

'KLF^BTIWIG,  Kiestin'ictis ;  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  kiesteine;  as  'kiestinic 
urine.' 

KILBURN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  These 
springs  contain  carbonic  acid,  sulphohydric  acid; 
carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron  ;  sulphates 
of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia,  and  chloride  of 
sodium. 

KILE,  Ulcer. 

KILL  LAMB,  Andromeda  mariana. 

KILOGRAMME,  Chiliogram'ma,  from  X'^"", 
,'a  thousand,'  and  ypajx^a,  'a  gramme.'  The 
weight  of  a  thousand  grammes; — two  pounds, 
eight  ounces,  one  drachm,  and  twenty-four  grains, 
Troy. 

KILOLITRE,  from  ^iXioi, 'a  thousand,' and 
>  irpa,  '  a  litre.'  A  measure  containing  a  thousand 
litres. 

KINA  KINA.  Cinchona. 


KryANCIE,  Cynanche. 

KINCOUGH,  Pertussis. 

KINDCOUGH,  Pertussis.' 

KINESIP'ATHY,  Kinesitherapi'a,  Cineeip'. 
athy,  llovement  care,  Motor'pathy,  MIedici'na  vie- 
chan'icu,  from  Kivrjais,  'motion,'  and  iraOog,  'dis- 
ease.' A  mode  of  treating  disease  by  gymnastics 
or  appropriate  movements  proposed  by  Ling,  a 
Swede,  and  hence  called  Lingism. 

KINETIC,  Motory. 

KINGCURE,  Pyrola  maculata. 

KING'S  EVIL,  Scrofula. 

KINGSHOOD,  Reticulum. 

KINICI  ACETAS,  Quinia,  acetate  of. 

KININUM,  Quinine. 

KINIUM,  Quinine. 

KINK,  Quinte. 

KINK  IN  THE  HEAD,  see  Insanity. 

KINKHAUST,  Pertussis. 

KINKHOST,  Pertussis. 

KINKINA,  Cinchona. 

KINO,  Gummi  Gambien'se  seu  ruhrnm  adatrin'- 
gens  Gambien'se  seu  adstrin'gens  Fothergilli,  Af- 
rican, East  India  or  Amboy'na  kino,  (F.)  Gomme, 
sue  ou  extrait  de  kino.  The  trees,  whence  one 
variety  of  this  resin  is  obtained,  are  not  botani- 
cally  ascertained.  The  London  college  ascribe 
it  to  Pterocar'pus  erina'cea;  the  Edinburgh  to 
Eucaly2)'tus  resinif  era  seu  gunimif'era,  Iron 
bark;  and  the  Dublin  to  Biitea  f rondo' sa.  The 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  (1842  and 
1851),  defines  it  to  be  "  an  extract  obtained  from 
an  uncertain  plant;"  that  of  1851  states  it  to  be 
the  inspissated  juice  of  Pterocarp'xis  mcrsu'piium 
(De  Candolle)  and  of  other  plants.  On  wound- 
ing the  bark,  the  kino  flows  drop  by  drop.  A 
West  India  variety  is  said  to  be  derived  from  Coc- 
col'oba  uvif'era  or  Sea-side  Grape  ;  and  a  Botany 
Bay  kino  is  said  to  be  the  concrete  juice  of  Eiica- 
lyp'tus  resinif ' era  or  brown  gum-tree  of  New  Hol- 
land. Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Monogynia.  Nat. 
Ord.  Myrtaeese.  Kino  consists  chiefly  of  tannic 
and  gallic  acids,  oxide  of  iron,  and  colouring  mat- 
ter. It  is  inodorous;  the  taste  a  sweetish  bitter; 
and  it  is  sometimes  gritty  between  the  teeth.  It 
comes  to  us  in  fragments  of  a  dark  ruby  red 
colour,  and  is  easily  pulveri;zed.  Its  properties 
are  powerfully  astringent.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  gr.  xx 
in  powder. 

KIONORRHAPHIA,  Staphyloraphy. 

KI'OTOME,  Kiot'omus,  from  kiuiv,  'a  pillar,' 
'support,'  and  r^nvtiv,  'to  cut.'  (P.)  Coupebride. 
An  instrument  invented  by  Desault  to  cut  any 
accidental  brides  or  filaments  in  the  rectum  and 
bladder;  and  which  he  aftervpards  used  for  the 
removal  of  the  tonsils.  It  is  composed  of  a  flat, 
silver  sheath,  open  at  one  edge.  This  sheath  is 
provided  with  a  cutting  blade,  which  can  be  forced 
through  the  opening,  and  thus  all  the  parts  can  be 
divided  with  which  it  comes  in  contact. 

KIPPERNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

KIRATE.  A  weight  of  four  grains,  according 
to  Blancard. 

KIRIAGHUMA,  Gvmneura  lactiferum. 

KIRKLAND'S  NEUTRAL  CERATE,  see 
Cerate,  Kirkland's  Neutral. 

KIRNMILK,  Buttermilk. 

KIRRHONOSIS,  Cirrhosis. 

KIRRHOSIS,  Cirrhosis. 

KIRSCHWASSER,  (G.)  Kirsch  and  Was- 
ser),  'Cherry  loater.'  An  alcoholic  liquor,  ob- 
tained from  cherries  bruised  with  their  stones,  by 
subjecting  them  to  distillation,  after  having 
caused  them  to  ferment.     See  Spirit. 

KISS 'IN  GEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  Bavarian  springs  have  been  long  fre- 
quented. There  are  three,— two  chalybeate,  and 
one  alkaline  and  acidulous. 

KIST.     A  weight  of  14  grains. — Paracelsus. 


KITILLING 


520 


KRAMERIA 


KITILLINQ,  Tickling. 

KITTLINQ,  Tickling. 

KLAPROTHII  SULPHAS,  Cadmii  sulphas. 

KLAPROTHIUM  SULPHURICUM,  see  Cad- 
mii sulphas. 

KLEPTOMA'^S^IA,  Clejnoma  nia,  Klopenia'- 
nia,  Clope/nania ;  from  /cXtwrci),  'I  steal,'  and 
viaiiia.  Insanity,  with  an  irresistible  propensity 
to  steal. 

KLINOCEPHALIA,  Clinoeephalia. 

KLIPDAS,  see  Hvrax  Capensis. 

KLOPEMANIA,  kleptomania. 

KNAP-KNEED,  see  Entogonyancon. 

KNARESBOROUGH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF,  see  Harrogate,  mineral  waters  of. 

KNEADING,  Shampooing. 

KNEE,  Genu. 

Knee.  Housejiaid's.  An  inflammation  of  the 
bursa,  which  in  most  individuals  is  in  front  of  the 
patella,  and  is  apt  to  inflame  and  enlarge  from 
efi'usion  in  those  in  whom  it  is  subjected  to  much 
pressure.  Hence  its  name.  It  is  a  form  of  cap- 
sular rheumatism. 

KNEE-HOLLY,  Ruscus. 

KNEE-JOINT,  Genu. 

KNEE  SCAB,  Crusta  genu  equinae — b.  Encir- 
cled hoof.  Crusta  genu  equinae. 

KNIFE.  Sax.  cniF.  Swed.  Knif.  Dnn. 
Kniv.  (F.)  Canif.  Culter,  Smile,  Cnltell' us,  To- 
mei'on,  Tome'us,  llaehm'ra,  Jfachce'rion,  IJaehcE'- 
ris,  (F.)  Cnuiean.  A  cutting  instrument,  used  in 
surgery  to  divide  the  soft  parts,  and  which  only 
diff'ers  from  the  bistouri  or  scalpel  in  being  usu- 
ally larger. 

The  most  common  knives  are  the  following: 

Knife,  Ajiputa'tion,  (F.)  Couteau  a  amputa- 
tinn,  C.  droit,  Cidter  rectus.  This  is  the  largest 
of  the  knives  used  in  surgery.  Formerly,  they 
were  curved;  now  they  are  straight,  and  pro- 
vided with  one  or  two  edges. 

Knife,  Cat'aract,  Ceratot'omus,  Keratot'omus, 
(F.)  Couteau  a  cataracte.  The  cataract  knives 
of  Richter,  Wenzel,  Ward,  and  others,  being  in- 
tended to  perform  the  section  of  the  transparent 
cornea,  arc  so  shaped  as  to  exactly  fill  the  small 
wound  made  by  them;  and  thus  to  prevent  the 
discharge  of  the  aqueous  humour,  until  the  sec- 
tion is  completed.  The  blade  of  the  knives  of 
AVenzel  and  Ward  resembles  a  very  narrow  lan- 
cet, blunt  in  the  posterior  five-sixths  of  one  of  its 
edges.  The  blade  of  that  of  Richter  is  pyrami- 
dal, cutting  through  the  whole  length  of  its  in- 
ferior edge,  and  also  blunt  in  the  five-sixths  of 
the  upper. 

Knife,  Ches'elden's.  A  knife  with  a  fixed 
handle;  very  convex  on  its  edge,  concave  on  the 
back,  which  was  used  by  Cheselden  in  lithotomy. 

Knife,  Crooked,  Culter  falca'tns,  Culter  cui°~ 
vus,  (F. )  Couteau  courhe.  A  knife,  which  is 
crooked  and  concave  on  its  cutting  edge.  It  was 
formerly  employed  in  amputation  of  the  limbs. 

Knife,  Crotchet,  CnUel'lus  uncus,  (F.)  Cou- 
teau a  crochet.  A  steel  instrument,  composed  of 
a  round  staff,  furnished  with  a  handle  at  one  ex- 
tremity, and  at  the  other  with  a  curved  knife. 
It  was  formerly  used  to  cut  to  pieces  monstrous 
fcetuses  in  utero,  and  to  open  the  head  when  ne- 
cessary. 

Knife,  Doublb-Edged,  Anceps  cultel'lus,  Am- 
phis'mela,  Amphis'mile,  Catling,  (F.)  Couteau  d 
deux  tranehans  ou  desarticulateur  ou  interossevx. 
A  knife,  the  blade  of  which  is  straight  and  sharp 
on  both  sides.  It  is  used  for  disarticulating 
bones;  and  for  cutting  the  soft  parts  situate  be- 
tvi^een  the  bones,  in  amputation  of  the  leg  and 
forearm. 

KNIFE  EN  SERPETTE,  (F.)  Couteau  en 
Kerpette.  A  sort  of  knife,  of  the  shape  of  a  ser- 
pette  or  pruning-knife,  invented  by  Desault  for 


dividing  the  bony  paries  of  the  maxillary  sinus, 
for  the  purpose  of  extracting  fungi  from  it. 

Knife,  Lentic'ular,  Culler  leuticula'ris,  (F.) 
Couteau  lenticulaire.  An  instrument,  used  in  the 
operation  of  trepanning,  for  removing  inequalities 
in  the  inner  table  of  the  skull,  which  may  have 
been  left  by  the  crown  of  the  trephine  around 
the  opening  made  by  it.  It  is  formed  of  a  len- 
ticular button,  fixed  at  the  extremity  of  an  iron 
staff,  which  is  convex  on  one  side,  flat  on  the 
other;  sharp  at  both  edges,  and  mounted  on  an 
ebony  handle. 

Knife,  Lithot'omy,  (F.)  Couteau  lithofnme.  A 
name,  given  by  Foubert  to  a  large  knife,  the 
narrow  blade  of  which,  four  and  a  half  inches 
in  length,  was  sharp  in  its  whole  extent,  and 
made  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  handle.  He  used 
it  in  the  lateral  operation. 

Knife,  Polypus,  Polypotome. 

Knife,  Root-cutting.  In  Pharmacy,  a  knife 
moving  on  a  joint  at  its  pointed  extremity,  by 
which  roots  and  other  ligneous  matters  are  di- 
vided in  pharmaceutical  processes. 

KNIFE'SMAN,  see  Surgery,  salvation. 

KNIT-BACK,  Symphytum. 

KNOBWEED.  Collinsonia. 

KNOCK-KNEED,  Entogonyancon. 

KNOT,  Tubercle. 

Knot,  Packer's,  (F.)  Nceud  d'emhaUenr.  A 
compressive  bandage,  used  for  arresting  hemor» 
rhage  from  the  temporal  artery  or  its  branches. 
The  ncettd  d'emballeur  is  made  with  a  double- 
headed  roller,  five  ells  long.  A  graduated  com- 
press is  placed  over  the  opening  in  the  artery, 
and  the  bandage  is  applied  over  it;  the  balls  of 
the  roller  being  carried  horizontally  round  to  the 
opposite  temple,  where  they  are  crossed  obliquely 
and  carried  back  to  the  part  where  the  compress 
is  situate.  The  hands  are  then  changed  with  the 
rollers,  crossing  them  so  as  to  form  a  knot,  and 
taking  one  above  the  head;  the  other  beneath 
the  chin.  They  are  then  crossed  again,  so  as  to 
form  several  knots,  one  above  the  other.  This 
bandage  is  called,  by  some  surgeons,  solar  or 
oblique  chevestre  or  capistrum. 

Knot,  Surgeon's,  Nodus  cJiirur'gicus,  (F.) 
Nceud  da  chirurgien.  A  double  knot  made  by 
passing  the  thread  twice  through  the  same  noose. 
This  knot  is  used  frequently  in  the  ligature  of 
arteries,  the  umbilical  cord,  &c. 

KNOTBERRIES,  Rubus  chamfsmorus. 

KNOTGRASS,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

KNOTROOT,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

KNOTWEED,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Poly- 
gonum aviculare. 

KNOWLTON'IA  VESICATO'RIA.  Nat. 
Order,  Ranuneulaceas.  An  acrid  plant  of  South 
Africa,  used  by  the  Cape  colonists  as  a  blister  in 
rheumatism. 

KOINO-MIASMATA,  see  Miasm. 

KOKUM,  Garcinia  purpurea  —  k.  Butter,  see 
Garcinia  purpurea. 

KOLERUS,  a  name  given  by  Paracelsus  to  a 
dry  ulcer. 

kOLPORRAPHY,  Elytrorrhaphy. 

KOLTO,  Plica. 

KOOCHLA  TREE,  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

KOOSSO,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

KOPYOPIA,  see  Copyopia. 

KORIS,  Cimex. 

KOSSO,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

KOUMIS,  Kumyss. 

KOUSSO,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

KRAME'RIA,  Krameria  trian'dra,  Crame'ria, 
Ratan'hio.,  Rhatan'ia,  Ryt'anhy,  (F.)  Ratanliie, 
—  Sex.  Si/st.  Tetrandria  Monogynia,  Nat.  Ord. 
Polygaleffi. — is  a  native  of  Java.  The  root,  Kra- 
me'ria  (Ph.    U.  S.),  has  a  bitter   taste;  and  is 


KREASOTON 


521 


LABIA  CUNNI 


astringent,   diuretic,    and    detergent.     Dose,    ^j 

to  zi- 

Krame'ria  Ixi'na  or  Eatanhy  of  the  Antilles 
has  similar  virtues. 

KREASOTON,  Creasote. 

KREATIC  NAUSEA,  see  Nansea. 

KREATINE,  Creatine. 

KREATININE,  see  Creatine. 

KREATOPHAGOUS,  Carnivorous. 

KREASOTON,  Creasote. 

KRETINISMUS,  Cretinism. 

KRIEBELKRANKHEIT,  Convulsio  ce- 
realis. 

KRONE,  Crown. 

KRYSTALLINE,  see  Crystalline. 

KUA  KAHA,  Curcuma  longa. 

KUMTSS,  Koumyss,  Konmis.  A  beverage 
used  in  families  by  the  people  of  Yakutz.  It 
resembles  sour  buttermilk,  without  being  greasy. 
According  to  Sir  George  Simpson,  it  is  prepared 
in  a  very  simple  way  from  mare's  milk,  which  is 
merely  allowed  to  stand  for  some  days  in  a  lea- 
thern churn  till  it  becomes  sour.  It  is  then  bot- 
tled for  use.  This  drink  is  rather  nutritious  than 
exhilarating;  but  from  the  same  material  the 
Burats  and  the  Kirghez  prepare  an  intoxicating 
spirit  in  which  they  indulge  to  excess. 

KUSSAUDER,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KUTKULEJA,  Csesalpinia  bonducella. 

KUTOOKURUNJA,  Cajsalpinia  bonducella. 

KUTUBUTH.  An  Arabic  name  for  a  species 
of  melancholy  in  which  the  patient  is  never  quiet 
at  any  one  place,  but  wanders  about  here  and 
there,  see  Cuttubuth.  Also,  the  name  of  an  in- 
sect, which  lives  at  the  surface  of  stagnant 
waters,  and  is  in  a  constant  state  of  agitation. 
Some  lexicographers  imagine  that  it  is  on  ac- 
count of  this  last  circumstance,  that  the  name  of 
the  insect  has  been  given  to  the  disease. 

KWOSO,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

KYAXOSIS,  Cyanopathy. 

KYAPUTTY,  Caieput. 

KYESTEIXE,  Kiesteine. 

KYESTINIC,  Kiestinic. 

KYLLOPODIA,  Kyllosis 

KYLLO'SIS,  from  KvWog,  'crooked,'  'lame.' 
Cyllo'sis,  Kyllopod'ia.  Professor  Chaussier  so 
calls  congenital  distortion  of  the  feet.  Clubfoot, 
Poltfoot,  Sltimpfoot,  (Prov.)  Pummel-foot,  TaV- 
ipes,  (F.)  Pied  hot.  Of  this  there  are  many 
varieties.  In  one,  the  foot,  instead  of  resting  on 
the  soil,  by  the  whole  plantar  surface,  touches  it 
only  with  the  metatarso-phalangian  articulations. 
It  seems  as  if  turned  backwards  and  broken  upon 
the  leg.  (Pes  seu  Tal'ipes  Eqai'nus,  Hip'popns, 
Oxypod'ia,  Tip-foot,  Horsefoot.)  In  other  cases 
the  foot  is  twisted  inwards,  ( Varui,  Tal'ipes 
varus,  BlcBsop'odes,  Blcs'xopus,  C'ylloepus,  Cyllop'- 
oda,  CyUopod' ion,  Lo'ripes,  Crossfoot,  (!'.)  Cag- 
neiix,)  so  that  it  rests  only  on  the  ground  on  its 


outer  edge;  or  it  may  be  twisted  outwards, 
(  Valgus,  Tal'ijies  Valgus,  Out-bow  foot.)  or  rest 
only  on  its  inner  edge,  or  on  the  back  part  of  the 
heel.  Talipes  calca'neus.  Heel  clubfoot.  In  the 
fatfoot  or  splayfoot,  Duck-foot.  Splat-foot,  Sar'- 
apus,  Plat'ypus,  Platypod'ia,  (F.)  Pied  plat,  the 
plantar  surface  of  the  foot  is  flattened  instead  of 
being  concave. 

These  deformities  are  rarely  accidental.  They 
are  almost  always  congenital,  and  may  be  rec- 
tified, at  an  early  period,  by  proper  mechanical 
means  to  strengthen  the  foot  gradually  and  re- 
store it  to  its  proper  shape  and  direction  :  and  if 
these  means  fail,  the  tendons  and  muscles  con- 
cerned in  the  deformity  may  be  divided. 

KY3I0GRAPH'I0N,  Cymograph'ion ;  from 
Ku/ia,  'wave,'  and  ypa(po},  'I  describe.'  A  wave 
describer  or  measurer.'  An  instrument  invented 
by  Ludwig,  which  is  self-registering,  and  exhibits 
the  relation  between  the  waves  of  the  pulse  and 
the  undulations  produced  by  respiration. 

KYNA,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

KYPHOSIS,  see  Cyphosis— k.  Inflammatoria, 
Vertebral  disease  —  k.  Paralytica,  Vertebral  dis- 
ease. 

KYST,  Cyst,  Kystis,  Cystis,  from  (ci'^nj,  'a 
bladder,'  'pouch.'  (F.)  Kyste.  This  term  is  ge- 
nerally applied  to  a  pouch  or  sac,  —  Cysto'ma, — 
without  opening,  and  commonly  of  a  membranous 
nature,  which  is  accidentally  developed  in  one  of 
the  natural  cavities,  or  in  the  substance  of  organs. 
Many  theories  have  been  successively  emitted  to 
explain  the  formation  of  cysts,  but  none  are  en- 
tirely satisfactory.  Some  are  formed  by  a  thin, 
translucent  membrane,  having  scarcely  the  thick- 
ness of  the  arachnoid;  others  of  a  whitish,  fibro- 
cellular  membrane,  more  or  less  thick.  Some 
contain  cartilaginous  or  bony  flakes.  The  greater 
part  have  but  one  cavity;  others,  on  the  contrary, 
have  several,  separated  by  complete  or  imperfect 
septa,  as  is  frequently  seen  in  those  developed  in 
the  ovaries.  The  matter  contained  in  cysts  is 
sometimes  limpid,  serous,  yellowish  white,  red- 
dish, and,  at  others,  more  or  less  thick,  albumi- 
nous, adipous,  or  caseous.  The  tumour,  formed 
by  them,  is  called  Encysted. 

KYSTE,  Kyst  —  h.  Anivrysmal,  Aneurismal 
sac. 

KYSTEIX,  Kiesteine. 

KYSTHI'TIS,  Cysthi'tis,  from  kvc&o;,  'the  va- 
gina.' Inflammation  of  the  vulva  and  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  vagina. 

KYSTlTOJfE,  Cystitome. 

KYSTHOPTO'SIS,  from  Kva&o;,  'the  vagina,' 
and  TTi-TU),  'I  fall.'  Prolapsus  or  inversion  of  the 
vagina. 

KYTE,  Abdomen,  Stomach. 

KYTTARRHAG"IA,  from  Kvrrapiov,  '  an  alve- 
olus,' and  paya,  or  p-nywin,  'I  break  forth.'  Dis- 
charge of  blood  from  an  alveolus. 


LABARIUM,  from  labl,  'to  fall.'  Looseness 
of  the  teeth. 

LABDACISMUS,  Lallation. 

LABDAMEiSr,  Cistus  creticus. 

LABDANUM,  see  Cistus  creticus. 

LABE,  from  XajSw,  Xan^avw,  'I  seize,  'I  take,' 
'the    act   of   grasping.'      Invasion.      Also,    em- 


ployed to  denote  the  first  paroxysm  of  fevers.  — 
Galen,  Hippocrates. 

LABEO,  Chilon. 

LABES,  Chilon,  Macula. 

LABIA  CUNNI,  Lips  of  the  vulva— 1.  Interna 
seu  Minora,  Nymphas  —  1.  Majora,  Lips  of  the 
vulva  — 1.  Pudendi,  Lips  of  the  vulva  —  1.  Pu- 
dendi  minora,  Nymphaj. 


LABIAL 


522 


LACERUM 


LABIAL,  Labia' Us,  from  labium,  'a  lip.' 
LABIAL,  Orbicularis  oris. 
Labial  Artery,  llaller  and  Sabatier  call  thus 
the  facial  artery  of  the  majority  of  anatomists. 
The  labial  arteries,  properly  so  called,  coronary 
arteries  of  the  lips,  (F.)  Goronaires  des  levres,  are 
two  in  number.  The  superior  arises  from  the 
facial,  above,  and  very  close  to,  the  commissure 
of  the  lips.  It  is  large  and  tortuous,  and  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  upper  lip.  The  lower  arises  from 
the  facial,  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the 
commissure,  and  proceeds,  in  a  serpentine  course, 
into  the  substance  of  the  lower  lip,  to  which  it  is 
distributed. 

Labial  Glands.  This  name  is  given  to  a  mul- 
titude of  muciparous  follicles,  of  some  size,  round, 
prominent,  and  separate  from  each  other,  which 
are  found  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  lips,  below 
the  mucous  membrane. 

Labial  Veins  are  distinguished,  like  the  arte- 
ries, into  superior  and  inferior.     They  open  into 
the  facial  vein  ; — a  division  of  the  internal  jugular. 
LABIALIS,  Orbicularis  oris. 
LABIDOMETER,  Labimeter. 
LABIM'ETER,  (F.)  Labimetre  ou  Labidome- 
tre,  from   Xa/3if,    'Ka^ihog,    'forceps,'    and   utrpov, 
'measure.'     A  scale  adapted  to   the  handles  of 
the  forceps,  which  indicates  the  distance  of  the 
blades  from  each  other,  when  applied  to  the  head 
of  the  child  in  utero. 
LABIS,  Forceps. 

LABIUM,  Lip — 1.  Leporinum,  Harelip  —  1. 
Uteri,  Amphideum. 
LABLAB,  Dolichos  lablab. 
LABORANS,  Sick. 
LABORATOIRE,  Laboratory. 
LABOR ATORIUM,    Laboratory  — I.     Chymi- 
cum  seu  pharmaceuticum,  see  Pharmacopoeia. 

LAB'ORATORY,  Laborato'rium,  Ergaste'rion, 
(F.)  Laboratoire,  from   laborare,  lahoratnm,  '  to 
work.'     A    work-shop.      A   place   for   preparing 
chemical  or  pharmaceutical  products,  &c. 
LABORIOSUS,  Sick. 

LABO'RIOUS.  Delivery  is  said  to  be  labo- 
rious. Partus  laborio'sus,  Moc/ostoc'ia,  (F.)  Ac- 
couchement laborieuoe,  when  attended  with  more 
difficulty  and  suffering  than  usual.  With  some, 
laborious  labour  means  one  that  requires  the  use 
of  instruments.  See  Dystocia. 
LABOUR,  Parturition. 

Labour  Chair.  Obstet'ric  chair.  A  chair,  in 
which  a  parturient  woman  is  placed  during  de- 
livery. 

Labodr,    Complicated,    see    Parturition  —  1. 
DifBcult,    Dystocia — 1.   Dry,    Partus    siccus  —  1. 
Forced,  see    Parturition  —  1.   Impracticable,  see 
Parturition — 1.  Morbid,  Dystocia. 
Labour  Pains,  see  Pains. 
Labour,  Powerless,  see  Parturition  —  1.  Pre- 
mature, Parturition,  (premature) — 1.  Preternatu- 
ral, Metatoeia,  see  Parturition. 
Labour  Show,  see  Parturition. 
LABRISULCIUM,  Cheilooace,  Stomaeace. 
LABRUM,  Lip — I.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of 
the  brain. 

LABRUSCA.  Bryonia  alba. 
LAB'YRINTH,  Labyrinth'us,  Antrum  bucci- 
no'sum.  A  place,  full  of  turnings,  the  exit  of 
which  is  not  easily  discoverable.  Anatomists 
have  given  this  name  to  the  aggregate  of  parts, 
constituting  the  internal  ear,  Labyrinth'us  auris 
in'timcB,  Ln'iima  pars  or'gani  audi'tus,  Laby- 
rinth'ic  cavity  of  the  ear.  The  Labyrinth  is 
situate  between  the  tympanum  and  meatus  audi- 
torius  internus.  It  is  composed  of  several  ca- 
vities, which  communicate  with  each  other  in  the 
dried  bone;  as  the  vestibule,  cochlea,  semicircular 
canals,  &c.  It  is  lined  by  periosteum,  and  also 
by  a  pulpy  membrane,  constituting  the  membra- 


nous labyrinth,  on  which  the  auditory  nerve  is 
regularly  dispersed.  This  membrane  forms  two 
saclts  in  the  vestibule,  called  sac'cidus  vestib'uli 
and  sac' cuius,  respectively,  which  resemble  in 
shape  that  of  the  bony  cavities  containing  them. 
Each  sac  contains  calcareous  matter,  constituting 
the  Otoliths  and  Otoconies.  When  the  sac  is 
laid  open,  upon  the  upper  and  outer  part,  a  par- 
tition appears,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  the  sac, 
and  called  by  Meckel,  Septum  vestib'uli  nervo'so- 
memhrana'  ceum. 

Labyrinth  is  also  applied  to  the  lateral  portions 
of  the  ethmoid  bone,  which  are  formed  of  large 
irregular  cells. 

Labyrinth,  Membranous,  see  Labyrinth. 
LABYBINTH'IC,  Labyrinth' icus,  (F.)  Laby- 
rinthique.     Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  laby- 
rinth. 

Labyrinthic  Cavity  op  the  Ear,  Labyrinth. 
LABYRINTHUS,  Labyrinth— 1.  Auris  Inti- 
mse,  see  Labyrinth. 

LAC,  Lacca,  Laqueus,  Milk- — 1.    Ammoniaci, 
Misturaammoniaei — 1.  Amygdalae,  Emulsio  amyg- 
dalae— 1.  Asafcetidaj,  Mistura  asafoetidse — I.  Avis, 
Albumen  ovi— 1.  Guaiaci,  Mistura  Guaiaci. 
Lac,  Gum,  Lacca. 

Lac  LuNiE,  Marga  Candida — 1.  Maris,  Sperm — 
1.  Pressum,Curd — 1.  Primum  Puerperse, Colostrum. 
Lac,  Seed,  Lacca  —  1.  Shell,  Lacca  —  1.  Stick, 
Lacca. 

Lac  Sulphuris,  Sulphur  prEecipitatura — l.Ter- 
rse,  Magnesise  carbonas — l.Virginis,  Virgin's  milk. 
LACAPH'THON.  Supposed  to  be  the  bark 
of  some  fir  or  other  tree.  It  entered  into  the 
composition  of  the  Cyphi,  used  in  fumigations — 
Paulus  of  j3Egina.  Supposed  to  be  the  Narcaph'- 
thuni  or  Nascaph'thum. — Ruellius. 

LACCA,' from  lakah,  Arab.  Gummi  lacccB,  Stick, 
Gum.,  Seed,  or  Shell,  lac,  (F.)  Laque,  Gomme 
Laque.  Lac  is  a  substance  formed  by  an  insect, 
and  deposited  on  different  species  of  trees,  chiefly 
in  the  East  Indies,  for  example,  on  Croton  lac- 
cif'erum,  and  two  species  of  Ficus,  —  Ficus  reli- 
gio'sa,  and  F.  In'dica.  The  various  kinds,  dis- 
tinguished in  commerce,  are  stick-lac,  which  is 
the  substance  in  its  natural  state,  investing  the 
small  twigs  of  the  tree;  and  seed-lac,  which  is 
the  same  broken  off.  When  melted,  it  is  called 
shell-lac. 

Lac  was,  at  one  time,  used  in  the  form  of  tinc- 
ture, as  a  tonic  and  astringent;  and  it  still  forms 
part  of  particular  dentifrices. 

LACERA'TION,  Lacera'tio,  Rhege,  Rheg'mus, 
lihegma,  liuptu'ra.  Rupture,  from  lacerare,  lace- 
ratum,  'to  tear:'  —  Dilacera'tio,  Sparag'ma,  (F.) 
Arrachement,   Dechirement,  Dilaciration,   Broie- 
ment.   The  act  of  tearing  or  rending.    The  breach 
made    by   tearing    or   rending;    as   a    lacerated 
wound.    Tresis    vidnus    lacera'tum,    Laceratu'ra, 
Vulnus  Inceratum. 
LACERATURA,  see  Laceration. 
LACERTA,  Lizard — 1.  Aquatica,  see  Ectozoa. 
LACERTI    CORDIS,    Columnae    carnea3  — 1. 
Musculorum,  see  Muscular  fibre. 
LACERTOSUS,  Muscular. 
LACERTULI  CORDIS,  Columnee  carnese. 
LACERTUS,  Brachium,  Muscle,  see  Muscular 
fibre. 

LACERUM.  Same  etymon  as  Laceration. 
Any  thing  torn,  or  appearing  as  if  torn. 

Lac"erum  FoRA'jrEN  Ante'rius,  (F.)  Trou 
dechire  anterieur.  Hiatus  spheno-pelreux,  (Ch.) 
is  an  irregular  opening,  formed  by  the  sphenoid, 
occipital  and  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone. 
It  is  closed  by  cartilage,  and  forms  a  kind  of 
fontanelle,  situated  at  the  termination  of  the 
petro-occipital  suture. 

Lace  RUM  Foramen  Poste'rius,  Foramen  fu- 
gula're,   F.  lacerum  in  Basi  Cra'nii,  (F.)    Trou 


LACHANON 


523 


LACTIC 


Kichire  postevieur,  Hiatus  oceipito-pStfeiix,  (Ch.) 
,jt  formed  by  the  occipital  bone,  and  the  inferior 
/.dge  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone. 
Through  it,  the  internal  jugular  vein,  the  eighth 
pair  of  nerves,  and  accessory  nerve  pass  out  of 
the  cranium. 

Lacerum  Forajien  Sdperius,  Sphenoidal 
fissure. 

LACH'ANON',  from  Xaxaivoj,  'I  dig.'     A  pot 
herb  :   Olus,  pi.  Olera,  a  vegetalale  used  as  food. 
LACHESIS  PICTA,  see  Arrow-poison. 
Lachesis  Rhombea'ta,  Flammon.     A  poison- 
ous serpent  common  in  the  lower  forests  of  Peru. 
LACHNANTH'ES    TINCTO'RIA,     Dila'tris 
tincto'ria,  Redroot ;  indigenous.    Ord,  Hsemodo- 
raceaj,  (from  \axvrj,  '  wool,'  and  av%q,  '  a  flower,' 
owing   to  its  woolly  flowers.)     The   root  is    as- 
tringent and  tonic. 

LACHRYM A,  Tear ;  see  Vitis  vinifera. 
LACH'PiYMAL,    Laeryma'lis,   from    lacryma, 
'  a  tear.'     Belonging  to  the  tears.     This  epithet 
is  given  to  various  parts. 

Lachrymal  Apparatits,  see  Lachrymal  Pas- 
sages. 

Lachrymal  Artery  proceeds  from  the  oph- 
thalmic; and  distributes  its  principal  branches  to 
the  lachrymal  gland. 

Lachrymal  Canal  or  Duct,  Nasal  Canal  or 
duct,  Cana'lis  laeryma'lis  seu  or'bitcB  nasa'lis  seu 
Sacci  laeryma'lis.  Ductus  ad  Nasum  seu  Nasa'- 
lis orhitcF,  is  formed  by  the  superior  maxillary 
bone,  OS  unguis,  and  os  turbinatum  inferius;  and 
is  seated  in  the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fossaa. 
It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  lachrj'mal  sac;  and  its  inferior 
orifice  is  furnished  with  a  valvular  duplicature. 
This  duct  transmits  the  tears,  which  have  been 
absorbed  at  the  great  angle  of  the  eye  by  the 
puncta  lacrymalia,  into  the  nasal  fosste. 

Lachrymal  Caruxcle,  see  Caruncula  lacry- 
malis. 

Lachrymal  Duct,  Lachrymal  Canal. 
Lachrymal  Fossa,  Fossa  seu  Fo'vea  laeryma'- 
lis, is  a  slight  depression  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
orbit,  which  lodges  the  lachrymal  gland. 

Lachrymal  Gland,  Glan'dula  laeryma'lis  seu 
innomina'ta  Gale'ni,  is  seated  in  a  depression  of 
the  frontal  bone  at  the  upper,  anterior,  and  outer 
part  of  the  orbit.  It  is  of  about  the  size  of  an 
almond  ;  and  of  an  oval  shape,  flattened  above 
and  below  : — its  great  diameter  being  the  antero- 
posterior. It  is  composed  of  several  small  lobules, 
united  by  areolar  tissue,  and  separated  by  it  as 
well  as  by  vessels  and  nerves  which  creep  in  the 
intervals,  This  gland  has  seven  or  eight  excre- 
tory ducts,  which  open  behind  the  upper  eyelid. 
Its  rise  is  to  secrete  the  tears,  and  pour  them  on 
the  globe  of  the  eye  by  the  excretory  ducts. 

Lachrymal  Groove,  (F.)  Gouttiere  lacrymale, 
is  the  bony  channel,  which  lodges  the  lachrymal 
sac.  It  is  seated  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part 
of  the  orbit,  and  is  formed  by  the  os  unguis  and 
the  ascending  process  of  the  upper  jaw  bone. 

Lachrymal  }lEv.y;iA,  Lachrymal  Turaour,Her'- 
iiia  Sacci  Laeryma'lis,  is  when  the  tears  enter  the 
puncta,  but  cannot  pass  to  the  nose,  and  accumu- 
late. By  Anel,  this  vyas  called  Dropsy  of  (he  La- 
cry  mal  sac. 

Lachrymal  Nerve  is  the  smallest  of  the  three 
branches  formed  by  the  ophthalmic  nerve.  It  is 
distributed,  particularly,  to  the  lachrymal  gland 
and  to  the  upper  eyelid.  In  its  course  it  gives 
off  a  spheno-marillary  and  a  malar  filament. 
LACHRYjfAL  Papilla,  see  Lachrymal  Puncta. 
Lachrymal  Passages,  Vice  lacryma'les,  (F.) 
Yoies  lacrymales.  The  organs  concerned  in  the 
secretion  of  tears,  in  spreading  them  over  the 
eye,  and  taking  them  up  again  to  transmit  them 
into  the  nasal  fossas.     The   lachrymal  passages 


are  composed  of  the  lachrymal  gland,  caruncle, 
puncta,  ducts,  lachrymal  sac,  and  nasal  duct, 
which,  together,  form  the  lachrymal  appara'tuB, 
(F.)  Apjpiareil  lacrymal. 

■  Lachrymal  Puncta,  Puncta  Laeryma'lia,  Spi- 
ram'ina  Palpebra'rum,  (F. )  Points  lacrymaux, 
are  two  small,  round,  and  contractile  openings, 
situate  in  the  centre  of  a  tubercle  or  papilla,  Pa- 
pilla  laeryma'lis,  Tuber'culum  laeryiiia'le,  about 
a  line  and  a  half  distant  from  the  inner  C(jmmis- 
sure  of  the  eyelids,  and  continuous  with  the  la- 
chrymal ducts.  These  ducts,  Lacryma'les  Cana- 
lie'uli,  Cana'les  seu  Ductus  lacryma'les.  Ductus 
lacrymales  latera'les  seu  puneto'rum  laerynia'lium, 
Cor'nua  laeryma'lia  seu  lima'cum,  Cull ic' ice  pune- 
to'rum laeryma'Uum,  Canalic'uli  lima'cum,  (F.) 
Conduits  lacrymaux,  are  two  in  number — a  supe- 
rior and  an  inferioi which  extend  from   the 

puncta  to  the  lachrymal  sac.  They  seem  formed 
by  a  very  delicate  prolongation  of  the  conjunc- 
tiva, which  is  continuous  with  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  lachrymal  sac,  (F.)  Reservoir  dea 
larmes  : — the  Saccus  seu  Sinus  seu  Lacus  laery- 
ma'lis,  Daeryoeys'tis,   lufundih' ulum    lacryma'le. 

Lachrymal  Tubercle,  see  Lachrymal  puncta. 

Lachrymal  Veins  accompany  the  artery  of 
the  same  name,  and  open  into  the  ophthalmic  and 
palpebral  veins. 

LACHR.YMATION,  Lacrymatio  —  1.  Sangui- 
neous, Dacryhffimorrhysis. 

LACI'NIA,  "a  hem  or  fringe.' 

LACINI^  TUBARUM  FALLOPn,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

LAG  IS,  Plexus. 

LACMUS,  Lichen  roecella. 

Lacmus  Tinctorius,  Lichen  roecella. 

LACONICUM,  Vaporarium,  see  Stove. 

LACQ,  Laqueus. 

LACRIiMA,  Tear. 

LACRUMA,  Tear. 

LACRYMA,  Tear. 

LACRYMALIS,  Lachrymal. 

LACRYMA'TIO,  Laehryma'tion,  Epiphora. 
Also,  a  profuse  secretion  of  tears  from  any  cause: 
— weeping,  Fief  us,  Plora'tio,  Flora' tus. 

LACRYMINE,  see  Tears. 

LACTALBUMEN,  Casein. 

LACTAXS,  Nurse. 

LACTA'RIUM,  Lacficin'iitm  ;  from  lac,  'milk.' 
Food  prepared  from  milk.     Milk  diet  or  food. 

LACTATE  DE  FEB,  Ferri  lactas— ?.  de  Qui- 
nine, Quinias  laetas. 

LACTA'TION,  Zac/a'fio,  Thela'sis,  Thelas'mus, 
from  lacto,  laetatiim,  {lac,  '  milk,')  '  I  suckle,'  '  I 
give  milk.'  Sucklincj  : — the  giving  of  suck,  (F.) 
Allaitement.  The  French  make  four  varieties  of 
lactation.  1.  Allaitement  maternal  —  Jfaternal 
Lactation,  when  the  mother  suckles  the  child.  2. 
A.  Stranger  mereenaire,  —  when  another  suckles 
it.  Z.  A.  artificiel,  when  the  child  is  brought  up 
by  hand.  4.  A.  animal,  when  the  child  is  suckled 
by  an  animal. 

LACTE,  Lactic. 

LACTEAL,  Lactic  —  I.  Sac,  see  Lactiferous 
vessels. 

LACTEALS.  Chyliferous  vessels. 

LACTEIN,  Milk,  solidified. 

LACTENS,  Sucking  child. 

LACTES,  Mesentery,  Pancreas. 

LACTEUS,  Lactic. 

LACTIC,  Lac'teus,  Galae'ticus,  Galac'tinus, 
lacteal,  milky,  (F.)  Laete,  Laiteux,  from  lac, 
lactis,  '  milk.'  Appertaining  to,  or  resembling 
milk. 

Lactic  Acid,  Ac'idum  Lac'tenm  seu  Lactis  seu 
Lac'tieum,  Acid  of  milk,  Galac'tic,  Nan'ceic  or 
Ca'seic  Acid,  (F.)  Acide  Lactique.  This  has  been 
recommended  as  a  therapeutical  agent  in  atonic 
dyspepsia,  owing  to  its  being  presumed  to  be  one 


LACTICA 


524 


L^MOSTENOSIS 


of  tte  gastric  acids   secreted   in    health.     It   is 
given    either   in    the   form    of   lemonade    or   of 
lozenges.     The  acid  is  obtained  either  from  milk 
or  from  the  juice  of  the  red  beet. 
LACTICA.  Typhoid. 
LACTICANS,  Nurse. 
LACTICINIA,  Parotid. 
LACTICINIUM,  Lactarium. 
LACTIFERE,  Lactiferous. 
LACTIF'EROUS,    Galactoph'orous,   Lac'tifer, 
(F.)  Lacfifere,  from  lac.  lactis,  'milk/  and  fero, 
'  I  carry.'     Milk-conveying. 

Lactiferous  Vessels,  Laeh'ferovs  or  Gcdac- 
toph'oi-uHS  Buds,  Tu'huli  lactiferi,  Ductus  lacti- 
fe.ri  seu  lac'tei,  (F.)  Vaisseaux.  ou  conduits  lac- 
tiferes,  are  the  excretorj'  ducts  of  the  mammary 
gland,  each  of  which,  running  towards  the  nipple, 
dilates  beneath  the  areola  into  an  elongated 
saeculus- — the  lacteal  or  galactophorous  sac,  re- 
ceptacle or  siuiis — sac'cidvs  seu  sinus  lactiferus. 

Lactiferous  or  Lacteal  Swelling.  A  tu- 
mefaction of  the  breast,  supposed  by  Sir  Astley 
Cooper  to  arise  from  a  large  collection  of  milk  in 
one  of  the  lactiferous  tubes,  the  result  of  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  tube  near  the  nipple,  with 
closure  of  its  aperture,  and  obliteration  of  the 
canal  for  an  inch  or  more.  The  tube  requires  to 
be  punctured. 

LACTIF'UGA,  Lac'tifnge,  from  lac,  lactis, 
'milk,'  and  fugn,  'I  drive  away.'  Medicines 
which  dispel  milk. 

LACTIGO,  Porrigo  larvalis. 
LACTINE,  Su2:ar  of  milk. 
LACTIN'IA,   from  lac,  lactis,  'milk.'     Food 
prepared  with  milk. 

LACTIPOTOR,  Gnlaetopotes. 
LACTIS  CONCP.ETIONES,  Infarctus  Mam- 
mee  lacteus. 

LACTIS  REDUNDANTIA,  Galaetia  — 1.  Re- 
tentio,  Galactischesis — 1.  Sanguinolenti  Excretio, 
GalactohEemia. 

LACTISUGIUM.  Antlia  lactea. 
LACTIVORUS,  Galactophagous. 
LACTOCELE,  Gnlactocele. 
LACTOLINE,  Milk,  solidified. 
LACTOMETER,  Galactometer. 
LACTOSE,  Sugar  of  milk. 
LACTU'CA,  from  lac,  lactis,  'milk;'  so  called, 
from  its  milky  juice.     Lactuca  Sati'va,  Lettuce, 
Garden   Lettuce,  Eanu'chium   Meco'nis,    Thridnx, 
Cherbas,  (F.)  Laitue  ordinaire.    Ord.  Compositas, 
is  used  as  a  wholesome  salad.     The  seeds  pos- 
sess a  qu.antity  of  oil,  which,  when   formed  into 
an  emulsion,  has  been  advised  in  ardor  uriniB,  &c. 
The  inspissated  juice,  Lacfuca'rium,  Thrid'ace, 
Lettuce  opium,  resembles,  in  odour  and  appear- 
ance, that  of  opium,  and  is,  like  it,  narcotic,  but 
uncertain.     Dose,  gr.  j  to  x,  and  more. 

Lactuca  Elongata.  see  L.  virosa — 1.  Graveo- 
lens,  L.  virosa  —  1.  Floridana,  Mulgedium  Fiori- 
danum. 

Lactuca  Scari'ola,  L.  Sylves'tris,  Scariola, 
(E.)  Laitue  Scariole  ou  Sauvage,  possesses  a 
stronger  degree  of  bitterness  than  L.  sativa.  It 
has  similar  virtues  with  Z.  virosa. 

Lactuca  Sylvestris,  L.  scariola — 1.  Villosa, 
Mulgedium  acuminatum. 

Lactuca  Viro'sa,  L.grav'eolens,  Strong-scented 
Lettuce,  (F.)  Laitue  vireuse.  The  odour  of  this 
plant,  the  leaves  of  which  are  used  in  medicine, 
is  strongly  narcotic,  and  the  taste  bitter.  They 
are  narcotic,  diuretic,  and  aperient;  and  have 
been  used  in  dropsies.  Lactu'ca  eJonga'ta,  JVild 
Lettuce  of  the  United  States,  has  been  employed 
for  L.  virosa. 

LACTUCARIUM,  see  Lactuca. 
LACTITCIMEN,  Aphthaj. 
LACTUCIMINA,  Aphthee. 
LACTUMEN,  Porrigo  larvalis. 


LACTUMINA,  Aphthse. 

LACU'NA,  Canalic'idus,  diminutive  of  lacut, 
'a  lake  or  deep  ditch.'  A  Fossa  ox  Ditch.  A 
small  cavity  in  a  mucous  membrane,  the  parietes 
of  which  secrete  a  viscid  humour.  It  is  used 
synonymously  with  crypt.  Also,  the  external 
opening  of  such  cavity. 

Lacuna,  Crypta,  Fontanella  —  1.  Cerebri,  In- 
fundibulum  of  the  brain.  Pituitary  gland. 

Lacuna  seu  Sulcus  seu  Sul'culus  La'bii 
Superio'ris,  Amab'ile,  Amato'rium,  Philtrum, 
Phile'trum.  The  hollow  of  the  upper  lip  under 
the  nose. 

Lacuna  Magna,  see  Urethra. 
Lacuna,  see  Urethra. 

Lacuna  of  Bone.  Certain  dark  stellate  spots, 
with  thread-like  lines  radiating  from  them,  seen 
under  a  high  magnifying  power.  These  were  at 
first  believed  to  be  solid  osseous  or  hone  corpuscles 
or  cells,  Oorpus'cufa  os'sium,  Coriinscles  of  Pur- 
kinje,  (F.)  Cellules  des  os  ou  osseuses,  Corpuscules 
des  OS  ou  iwirs  ou  ramifies  ou  ccdcaires,  Osteo- 
plastes  ;  but  are  now  regarded  as  excavations  in 
the  bone  —  Sac'cidi  ehalicoph'ori  —  with  minute 
tubes  or  cancdiculi  proceeding  from  them,  and 
communicating  with  the  Haversian  canals.  The 
lacunpe  and  canaliculi  are  fibres  concentrated  in 
the  transit  of  nutrient  fluid  through  the  osseous 
tissue. 

■  Lacuna  Graafia'NjE,  L.  mueo'sa  vulvce.  The 
mucous  follicles  of  the  vagina. 

Lacunae  Mucosa  Vulv^,  L.  Graafianse  —  1. 
Palpebrarum,  Meibomius,  glands  of. 

LACU'NAR,  La'quear,  '  an  arched  roof.'  The 
roof  of  a  chamber.     Hence, 

Lacu'nar  Or'bit^.     The  roof  of  the  orbit. 
Lacunar  Ventriculi  Quartz  Superior,  Val- 
vula  Vieussenii. 

LACUNE  DE  LA  LANGUE,  Csecum  fora- 
men. 

LACUS  LACRYMALIS,  Lachrymal  sac. 
Lacus  Lacryjia'rum.     A  small   space  in  the 
inner  angle  of  the  eye  between  the  lids,  towards 
which  the  tears  flow,  and  at  which  the  triangular 
canal  formed  between  the  closed  lids  terminates. 
LADA,  Piper  nigrum. 
LADANUM,  see  Cistus  creticus. 
LADENDO,  Influenza. 
LADIES  MANTLE,  Alchemilla. 
LADIES'  SLIPPER,  SHOWY,  Cypripedium 
spectabile- — -1.    Slipper,    stemless,    Cypripedium 
acaule — 1.  Slipper,  yellow,  Cypripedium  luteum. 
LADIES'  SMOCK,  Cardamine  prsetensis. 
LADRE,  Leprous. 

LADRERJE  (F.),  from  ladre,  'a  leper.'  (F.) 
Lcproserie,  Maladrerie.  A  vulgar  name  for 
elephantiasis,  or  lepra.  Also,  an  hospital  for  the 
reception  of  the  leprous,  Jjeprosa' rium,  Domua 
lej^rosa'ria.  Leper  hospital. 

LADYBIRD,  Coccinella  septempunctata. 
LADYBUG,  Coccinella  septempunctata. 
LADYCOAV,  Coccinella  septempunctata. 
LADY    CRESPIGNY'S    PILLS,   see    Pilule 
Aloes  et  Kinse  Kin^. 

Lady  Hesketh's  Pills,  see  Pilulae  Aloes  et 
Kinfe  Kinge. 

Lady  Webster's  Pills,  see  Pilulee  Aloes  et 
Kinse  KiniE. 

LADY'S  THUMB,  Polygonum  persicaria. 
L^DENS,  pi.  Lmden'tia,  from  leedo,  'to  hurt.' 
Any  thing  hurtful  or  injurious,  as  to  the  economy. 
LyEMOPARALYSIS,  (Esophagoplegia. 
LiEMOS,  Pharynx. 

LJ5M0SCIR'RHUS,  Cancer  pharyn'gis  et 
oesnph'agi,  Lcemosteno' sis  seu  Dyspha'gia  scirrho'- 
sa ;  from  Aaij/os,  'the  pharynx  or  oesophagus.' 
Cancer  of  the  pharynx  or  oesophagus. 

L^MOSTENOSiS,  Dysphagia  constricta  — 
1.  Scirrhosa,  Lsemoscirrhus. 


L^SIO 


525 


LAMINARIA   DIGITATA 


L^SIO,  Lesion  —  1.  Continui,  see  Continuity, 
solution  of. 

LiETIFICAN'TIA,  from  JcBtiflco    (Icetus,  and 
faeio).  '  I  make  glad.'     Medicines  formerly  used 
as  cordials,  in  depression  of  spirits,  &c. 
LiBVIGATIO,  Levi^ntion. 
L^VITAS  INTESTIXOKUM,  Lientery. 
LAGBNTOMUM,  Harelip. 
LAGNEA,  Coition,  Satyriasis,  Sperm. 
LAGNEIA,  Coition,  Satyriasis,  Sperm. 
LAGNESIS,    Furor   Femininus,    Nymphoma- 
nia—  1.  Furor  masculinus,  Satyriasis  —  1.  Salaci- 
tas,  Satyriasis. 

LAGiSTEUMA,  Coition,  Sperm. 
LAGNIA,  Satyriasis. 
LAGNOSIS,  Satyriasis. 
LAGOCHEILUS,  Harelip. 
LAGONES.  Flanks. 
LAGONOPONOS,  Pleurodynia. 
LAGONTOMUM,  Harelip. 
LAGOPHTHAL'MIA,    from    Xayo;,   <a   hare,' 
and  0'/>3uX^05,  'an  eye.'     Laqojjhthnl'mna,  Lepori'- 
utis  Oc'ulns,  Hare's  Eije  ;  (F.)   CEil  de  LiSi-re.     A 
vicious  arrnngenxent  of  the  upper  eyelid,  which 
is  so  retracted  that  it  cannot  cover  the  globe  of 
the  eye  during  sleep.     It  has  been  asserted  that 
this  condition  of  the  eye  is  natural  in  the  hare 
vfhen  asleep. 

LAGOPHTHALMUS,  Lagophthalmia,  Geum 
urbanum. 

LAGOSTOMA,  Harelip. 
LAG  TEETH,  Molar  teeth. 
LAICHE,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica  —  I.  des  Sa- 
bles, Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

LAIT,  Milk  —  I.  Adoucissanf,  Looch  ex  ovo  — 
I.  d'Anesse,  Milk,  asses'  —  L  d'Amaiidea,  Emulsio 
amygdala  —  I.  d'Asafceti'da,  Mistura  asafoetidae 
—  /.  de  Beurre,  Buttermilk  —  I.  de  Srebis,  Milk, 
ewes'  —  I.  CaUle,  Curds  —  I.  de  Chevre,  Milk, 
goats' — I.  JEpanche,  L.  repandn  —  I.  de  Femme, 
Milk,  human — I.  de  Jument,  Milk,  mares' — I.  de 
Poule,  see  Ovum. 

LAIT  REPANDU,  (F.)  L.  ^pancU.  A  po- 
pular expression  in  France,  under  which  is  com- 
prehended every  kind  of  disease  (and  particularly 
vague  pains)  occurring  after  delivery  ;  all  being 
ascribed  to  diffusion  or  deposition  of  milk. 

LAIT  BE  TERRE,  MagnesiiB  carbonas  — ?. 
de  Vache,  Milk  of  the  cow — I.  Virginal,  Virgin's 
milk. 

LAITEUX,  Lactic. 

LAITERON  DOUX,  Sonchus  oleraceus. 
LAITIAT,  (F.)  Sour  whey,  in  which  different 
wild  fruits  have  been  macerated.  Said  to  be  much 
used  in  the  Jura  as  a  refreshing  drink. 

LAITUE  ORDINAIRE,  Lettuce—?.  Sanvage, 
Lactuoa  scariola — I.  Scariole,  Lactuca  scariola 
— I.  Vireuse,  Lactuoa  virosa. 

LA'ITY.  La'ici ;  from  Xao^,  'the  people.'  For- 
merly, and  generally  at  the  present  day,  the 
people  as  distinguished  from  the  clergy.  Fre- 
quently, however,  employed  in  the  sense  of  the 
people  as  distinguished  from  those  of  the  other 
learned  professions.  A  layman  is  one  of  the  laitj'. 
LAKEWEBD,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 
LALIA,  Voice,  articulated. 

LALLA'TION,  Lalla'tin,  Lamldacia'wtis, 
Lahdacis'iwis,  Lnl'laby  speech.  Sauvages  uses 
this  term  for  a  vicious  pronunciation,  in  which 
the  letter  L  is  improperly  doubled,  or  softened, 
or  substituted  for  R. 

LAM  AC,  Acacias  gummi. 
LAMBDACrSMUS,  Lallation. 
LAMBDOID,  Lambdoid'al,  Lamdo'i'des,  Lamh- 
do'des,  Lamhdoidens,  from  the  Greek  letter  A, 
>a/(i3oa,  and  tioo;,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Ana- 
tomists have  given  the  name  Lambdoidal  Suture, 
Sutn'ra  Lamhdoida'lis  seu  lambdo'idcs  seu  lamh- 


do'idea  seu  Prorce,  to  the  suture,  formed  by  the 
parietal    bones  and  the  occipital,  because  it  re- 
sembles the  letter  A,  lambda,  of  the  Greeks.     It 
is  the  Occipito-paj-ietal  suture.  Suture  oceipitale, 
(Ch.)     In   this  suture,    the    ossa  Wormiana   are 
most  frequently  met  with  ;  and  the  denticulations 
are  most  distinctly  marked. 
LAM  BEAU,  Flap. 
LAMBITIVUM,  Eolectos. 
LAMBKILL,  Kalmia  latifolia. 
LAMBKILLER,  Andromeda  mariana. 
LAJIIE,  Lamina  —  I.  Cornce,  Taenia  semicircu- 
laris — I.  Riiyscliienne,  Ruyschiana  tunica. 
LAMELLA,  Lamina — 1.  Plana,  Planum  os. 
LAMEL'LAR,   Lamello'siia,    Lam'inated,    (F.) 
Lamelleux,  Lamineux,  composed  of  thin  laminee 
or  leaves  —  as  the  Lamellar  ox  laminated  tissue  ; 
i.  e.  the  areolar  tissue. 

LAMELLEUX,  Lamellar. 
LAMENESS,  Claudication. 
LAMIER,  Lamium  album. 

LAM'INA,  Lamel'la,  (F.)  Lame.  A  thin,  flat 
part  of  a  bone,  a  plate  or  table,  as  the  cribriform 
lamina  or  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone.  Lamina 
and  Lamella  are  generally  used  synonymously; 
although  the  latter  is  properly  a  diminutive  of 
the  former. 

Lajuna  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  zone. 
Lam'ina  Ciner'ea.  a  thin  layer  of  gray  sub- 
stance, which  forms  the  anterior  part  of  the  infe- 
rior boundary  of  the  third  ventricle  of  the  brain. 
Lam'ina  Cor'nea,  Tcs'nia  Tari'ni.  A  yellow- 
ish band  or  a  thickening  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  ventricle,  by  which  the  vena  corporis 
striati  is  overlaid  in  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the 
brain. 

Lamina  Cribkosa,  Cribriform  lamella  —  1.  Cri- 
brosa  ossis  ethmoidei,  see  Crible  —  l.  Fusca,  see 
Sclerotic — 1.  Medullaris  triangularis  cerebri,  Lyra 
— 1.  Papyracea,  Planum  os — 1.  Perforata  anterior, 
Locus  perforatus  antious — 1.  Perforata  posterior, 
see  Tarini  pons. 

Lamina  Peritonj5I  Externa.  The  outer  la- 
mina or  fold  of  the  peritonaeum. 
Lamina  Prima  Cutis,  Epidermis. 
Lamina  Spira'lis,  Septum  sculm  seu  coch'lem 
audito'ricB.  A  partition  between  the  scalae  of 
the  cochlea.  The  largest  part  of  this,  next  the 
modiolus,  is  formed  of  bone.  The  remainder,  or 
that  part  next  the  opposite  side  of  the  scalae,  is 
composed  of  a  cartilaginous  membrane,  called,  by 
Valsalva,  Zona  seu  Zo'iiula  Coch'lea;.  By  some 
anatomists,  the  lamina  is  divided  into  a  Zona 
os'sea  and  Z.  mollis.  By  others,  it  is  considered 
to  consist  of  four  laminie,  when  examined  with  a 
strong  glass:  a  Zo7ia  os'sea,  next  to  the  modiolus 
—  a  Zona  coria'cea,  on  the  outer  side  of  this  :  a 
Zona  vesicula'ris  —  and  a  Zona  meinhrana'ceo, 
which  is,  perhaps,  the  lining  membrane  of  the 
cochlea.  At  the  apex  of  the  cochlea,  the  lamina 
spiralis  terminates  by  a  pointed  hook-shaped  pro 
cess,  ham'ulns  lam'inm  spira'lis. 

Lamina  op  a  Vertkbba,  see  Vertebra. 
Lam'ina  Dorsa'les,  Dorsal  lamincs.  Two 
oval  masses  on  each  side  of  the  primitive  groove 
of  the  embryo,  which  approach  so  as  to  form  a 
groove,  in  which  are  lodged  the  future  brain  and 
spinal  marrow. 

LAMIN.T5  Spongioste  Nast,  Turbinated  bones. 
Lam'inve  Ventra'les,   L.  viscera'les.     Thick- 
ened prolongation*  of  the  serous  layer  of  the  ger- 
minal membrane,  which,  by  their  union,  form  ihe 
anterior  wall  of  the  trunk  of  the  new  being. 

LAMINA'RIA  DIGITA'TA,  Tingle.  One  of 
the  AlgfB  eaten  in  Scotland,  and  hawked  about 
the  streets  with  the  Pepper-dulse. 

The  leaf  of  a  sea-weed  —  a  species  of  Lami- 
naria  —  is  employed  in  the  Himalayas  under  the 


LAMINATED 


526 


LAPIDILLU^I 


name  of  goitre  leaf;  so  called  because  chewed  by 
the  inhabitants,  where  goitre  prevails. 
LAMIXATED,  Lamellar. 
LAMIXEUX.  Lamellar. 

LA'MIIT-M  ALBUM,  L./olio'sum,  UrU'cam-or'- 
tua,  Galeop'sis  Archangel' ica,  Dead  or  White 
Areh'angel  Xettle,  (F.)  Ortie  blanche  ou  morte, 
(S.)  Daynettle,  Lamier.  Ord.  LabiatsB.  Infii-  i 
siuns  of  this  plant  have  been  reeommended  in  j 
uterine  hemorrhage,  and  leacorrhoea.  It  is  not 
used.  I 

LA'jrmM  Amplexicau'le,  Bead  Xettle,  Henhit ;  ' 
naturalized;  flowering  from  May  to  October;  is 
regarded  as  tonic,  diaphoretic,  and  laxative. 

Lamiitm  FoLiosnr,  L.  album  —  1.  Montanum, 
Melittis  melissophyllum — 1.  Plinii,  Melittis  melis- 
sophvllum — 1.  Piubrum,  Galeopsis. 

LAMOTTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  These 
thermal  springs  are  in  the  department  of  Isere, 
France.     Temperature.  1S4°. 
LAMPOURDE.  Xanthium. 
LAMPROPHO'XUS,  from  Uji-po;,  'cleaj,'  and 
^Mvr,.  'voice.'     One  who  has  a  clear  voice. 
LAMPSAXA,  Lnpsana. 
LAMPTRI3  XOCTILUCA.  Cicindela. 
LAXA  PHILOSOPHORUM,  Zinci  oxydum. 
LAN  ARIA.  Saponaria,  Verbascum  nitrrum. 
LAXCE  BE  JrA  URICEA  L\  (F.)     An  instru- 
ment invented  by  Mauriceau  for  perforating  the 
head  of  the  fcetus.     A  perforator. 
LAXCELET,  Lancet. 
LAXCEOLA,  Lancet. 

LAXCET,  Lanee'ola,  Zancet'ta,  Schaste'rion, 
Scalpiim  chirnr'gicum,  Lance'let,  (Pror.)  Fame, 
(F.)  Laneette,  —  diminutive  of  lancea,  'a  lance.' 
A  surgical  instrument,  used  in  the  operation  of 
phlebotomy.  It  is  composed  of  two  parts,  the 
handle,  (F.)  Chasse,  and  the  blade,  CF.)  Lame. 
The  former  is  made  of  two  small  plates  of  ivory, 
bone,  or  shell,  movable  on  the  blade  for  whose 
preservation  they  are  intended.  The  blade  is 
formed  of  well-polished  steel.  Lancets  are  made 
of  different  shapes  ;  some  being  broad-shouldered 
—  others,  spear-pointed.  The  French  distin- 
guished three  kinds :  1.  Laneette  d  grain  d'orge, 
which,  on  account  of  the  almost  oval  shape  of  its 
point,  makes  a  large  opening.  2.  The  L.  d  lan- 
gue  de  serpent,  which  is  very  narrow  towards  the 
point;  and,  .3.  L.  d  grain  d'avoine,  which  holds  a 
medium  station  between  the  two  former,  and  is 
generally  preferred. 

The  Abscess  Lancet  is  merely  a  large  lancet  for 
the  purpose  of  opening  abscesses. 

The  employment  of  a  lancet,  for  opening  ab- 
scesses, &c.,  is  called  Lancing. 
LAXCETTA,  Lancet. 
LAXCE TTE.  Lancet. 
LAXCET  TIER.  (F.l     A  lancet-case. 
LAXCrXAXT.  Lancinating. 
LAX'GIXATIXGr,  Lan'cinans,  from  lancinare, 
lancinatum   {lancea,    'a   lance,'),    'to    strike    or 
thrust   through.'     (F.)    Laneinant,   (substantive, 
ElJincement.)     A  species  of  pain,  which  consists 
in  lancinations  or  shootings,  similar  to  those  that 
would  be  produced  by  the  introduction  of  a  sharp 
instrument  into  the  suffering   part.     It  is  espe- 
cially in  cancer  that  this  kind  of  pain  is  felt. 

LAXCIXGr,  see  Lancet — L  the  Gums,  Be- 
chaussement. 

LAXD'S  EXD,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  the  Land's  End,  in  England,  resembles  that 
of  the  south  of  Devonshire,  but  is  more  relaxing. 
It  is  considered  to  be  most  likely  to  prove  bene- 
ficial in  consumptive  cases,  in  which  the  disease 
is  accompanied  by  an  irritated  state  of  the  pul- 
monary mucous  membrane,  producing  a  dry 
cough.  "Where  the  system  is  relaxed,  and  the 
secretion  from  the  lungs  considerable,  the  climate, 
it  is  conceived,  will  generally  prove  injurious. 


As  a  brumal  retreat,  the  southern  coast  of  De- 
vonshire would  seem  to  be  preferable  to  it. 
LAXGEAC,  MIXERAL  WATERS  OF.     Aci 

dulous,  mineral  waters   at  Langeae.  in  the    de^ 
partment  of  Haute-Loire,  France.     They  are  em 

ployed    as    refrigerant,    aperient,    and    diuretic. 

They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  sod* 

and  magnesia,  and  a  little  iron. 

LAXGDEBEF,  Anchusa  officinialis. 
LAXGEXSCHWALBACH.  Schwalbaeh. 
LAX'GII   AQUA   EPILEP'TICA,    Epilep'tic 

Water   of  Langius,  formerly  employed   against 
'  epilepsy.     It  was  composed  of  the  flowers  of  con- 

vallaria  and  lavender,   Spanish  icine,  cinnamon, 

nutmeg,  mistletoe,  peony  and   dittany  roots,  long 
1  pepper,  cubebs,  and  rosemary  flowers. 
1      LAXGUE,  Tongue  —  ?.  Abaisseur  de  la,  Glos- 
I  socatoehus  —  I.  de  Carpe,  Fish-tongue,  see  Lever 
I — I.  de   Cerf,   Asplenium  scoloperindum  —  I.  de 

Ckeval,  Ruscus  hypoglossum — I.  de  Chien,  Cyno- 
I  glossum — /.  de  .'Serpent,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 
LAXGUEUR,  Languor. 
LAXGUOR,  ApJi'esis,  Faintness,  (F.)  Langueur. 

A  species  of  atony,  depression,  or  debility,  which 

eenerallv  comes  on  slowly. 

^  LAXGWORT,  Teratruin  album. 
LAXK,  Inguen. 
LAX'TAXA,  Sage  Tree,  Blueberry,  (F.)   Cail- 

leau.     The  leaves  of  this  indigenous  plant  form 

a  fine-scented   tea,  like    L.   Camara  or  Bahama 
j  Tea,  andX.  Pseudothe'a  or  Brazil  Tea.     The  tea 

is  used  as  a  diaphoretic. 

LAXU'GO,  Pili  cutis,  Pluma,  from  lana,  'wool.' 
I  The  soft,  fine  hair  on  different  parts  of  the  body, 
i  especially  of  the  young. 

I  Laxcgo  Prima,  Geneias — 1.  Pudendorum, 
;  Pubes — 1.  Siliquas  hirsutse,  see  Dolichos  pruriens. 
i      LAXUVIUM.  Vulva. 

I  LAOX'ICA  CURA'TIO  sen  CURA,  from  Xaoc, 
I  'the  people.'  A  popular  mode  of  treating  the 
'  gout  in  the  middle  ages,  which  consisted  in  the 

employment    of    local    applications,    proper    for 

evacuating  the  morbific  matter.  [?] 
j      LAOS,  Tin. 

I      LAPACTICUS,  Cathartic,  Laxative. 
j      LAPARA,  Abdomen,  Flanks,  Lnmbi. 
;      LAPAREXTEROTOMIA,  Laparo  enterotomy, 
j      LAPAROCE'LE,    from    Xazapa,   'the   lumbar 
;  region,'    and    ki/Xi?,   'rupture.'     Lumbar   Hernia, 

■  through  a  separation  of  the  fibres  of  the  quadra- 
tus  lumborum,  and  a  protrusion  of  the  aponeu- 
rosis of  the  transverse  muscle  on  the  outside  of 

.  the  mass  common  to  the  sacro-lumbalis  and  lon- 

gissimus  dorsi. — Cloquet. 
i  "  LAPAROCTSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 
I      LAPARO-ELTTROTOMIA,  Cesarean  s'ection. 
j      LAPARO-EXTEROT'OMY,    Lap'aro-entero- 
I  torn' ia,  Laparenterotom'ia,  from  \a::apa,  'thelum- 
i  bar  region,'  the  'abdomen,'  cvrcpov,   'intestine,' 

■  and  roiirj,  'incision.'  The  operation  of  opening 
the  abdomen  and  intestinal  canal^  for  the  removal 
of  disease. 

LAPAROSCOPIA,  Abdominoseopia. 

LAPAROTOMY.    Gastrotomy,  especially  when 

executed  in  the  lumbar  region.    See  Gastrotomy. 

LAPATHOS,  Rumex  acutus  —  1.  Aquaticum, 

.  Rumex  hydroiapathum  —  1.  Chinense.  Rheum  — 

1.    Orientale,    Ptheum  —  1.   Sanguineum,    Eumex 

sanguineus — 1.  Unctaosum,  Chenopodium  bonus 

Henricus. 

LAPATHUM,  Rumex  acutus— 1.  Acutum,  Ru- 

!  mex  acutus  —  1.  Hortense,  Rumex  patientia  —  1. 

Pratense,  Rumex  acetosus — L  Scutatum,  Rumex 

scutatus  —  1.  Sylvestre,  Rumez   acatus,  R.  obtu- 

I  sifolius. 

LAPAXIS.  Evacuation. 
LAPE.  Mucus. 
1      LAPIDIL'LUM,  from Zajji's, 'a stone.'   Blasios 


LAPILLATIO 


527 


LARYNGEAL 


bas  given  this  name  to  a  kind  of  scoop,  used  for 
extracting  stone  from  the  bladder. 
LAPILLATIO,  Lithia. 

LAPILLI  GLANDULE  PINEALIS,  see  Pi- 
neal gland. 

LAPIL'LUS,  diminutive  of  lapia,  'a  stone.'  A 
small  stone;  gravel;  a  grain  of  sand. 

LAPIS,  Calculus — 1.  Accipitrum,  Hieracites 
—  1.  Aerosus,  Calamina  —  1.  Ammoniaci,  see  Am- 
moniac gum — 1.  Animalis,  Blood  —  1.  Armenius, 
Melochites  —  1.  Aureus,  Urine  —  1.  Bezoardicus, 
Bezoar  —  1.  Cscruleus,  Cupri  sulphas  —  1.  Calami- 
naris,  Calamina  —  1.  Carneolus,  Cornelian  —  1. 
Causticus,  Potassa  cum  calce,  Potassa  fusa  —  1. 
Collymus,  jEtites  —  1.  Contrayervse,  Pulvis  con- 
trayervte  compositus  —  1.  Cyanus,  L.  lazuli. 

Lapis  Divi'nus,  i.  OphtJicil'inieus  seu  OphthaV- 
micus  Sti.  Ivesii,  Caprtim  alumina' turn,  CF.)  Pier- 
re divine,  [Ciipiri 8ul})hat.,  Alumin.,  Potass,  nitrat. 
aa  ^j.  Melt  together,  adding  at  the  end  Cam- 
phor. 3Jss.)  Employed  to  make  an  eye-water, 
^ij  ad  aqucB  §iv. 

Lapis  Fulmineus,  Cerannion — 1.  Hematites, 
Haematites — 1.  Heracleus,  Magnet — 1.  Infernalis, 
Argenti  nitras  —  1.  Infernalis  alkalinus,  Potassa 
fusa — -1.  Infernalis  sive  septicus,  Potassa  cum 
calce — 1.  Judaicus,  Judseus  (lapis). 

Lapis  Lazu'li,  L.  Cy'anns,  Asulci,  Laz'ulite, 
(F.)  Pierre  d'azur,  Outremer.  A  stone,  of  a 
beautiful  blue  colour;  opake  ;  and  close-grained; 
fracture,  dull.  It  is  composed  of  silex  ;  alumina; 
carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime;  oxide  of  iron, 
and  water.  It  was  formerly  looked  upon  as  a 
purgative  and  emetic,  and  given  in  epilepsy. 

Lapis  Malucensis,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian 
porcupine  —  1.  Nauticus,  Magnet  —  1.  Ophthalmi- 
cus, L.  Divinus  —  1.  Ophthalmicus  St.  Ivesii,  L. 
Divinus  —  1.  Phoenicites,  JudKus  (lapis)  —  1.  Por- 
cinus,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian  porcupine  —  1.  Pru- 
nellas, Potassae  nitras  fusus  sulphatis  paucillo 
mixtus  —  1.  Sardius,  Cornelian  —  1.  Septicus, 
Causticum  commune,  Potassa  fusa  —  1.  Specula- 
ris,  S.  lueidum  —  1.  Syderitis,  Magnet  —  1.  Syri- 
acus,  Judaeus  (lapis)  —  1.  Vini,  Potassae  supertar- 
tras  impurus. 

LAPPA,  Arctium  lappa,  Galium  aparine,  Lip- 
pitudo — 1.  Minor,  Xanthium. 

LAPPULA  HEPATICA,  Agrimony. 
LAP'SANA,  Lamp'sana,  Na'pium,  Papilla'- 
ris  herba,  Dock-cresses,  Nipple- Wort,  (Sc.)  Bol- 
gan  leaves,  (F.)  Lampsane,  Herhe  aux  Mamelles. 
This  plant  is  a  lactescent  bitter.  It  has  been 
chiefly  employed,  however,  as  an  external  appli- 
cation to  sore  nipples,  &c. 

LAPSUS  PILORUM,  Alopecia. 
LAQ,  Laqueus. 
LAQUE,  Lacca. 
LAQUEAR,  Lacunar. 

La'quear  Vagi'XjE,  Fundus  Var/ince  {laquear, 
'the  inward  roof  of  a  house').  The  part  of  the 
vagina  in  which  the  cervix  uteri  terminates. 

LA'QUEUS,  Funis.  A  cord,  ligature  or  ban- 
dage, with  running  knots; — a  Noose,  a  loop.  A 
fillet,  BrocTios,  Pach'etos,  (F.)  Lae,  Laq  ou  Laeq. 
The  term  is  applied  to  a  bandage  or  fillet  of  any 
kind,  attached  by  means  of  a  loop  upon  any 
part,  with  the  view  of  fixing  it ;  as  in  certain 
cases  of  labour,  where  a  hand  or  foot  presents ; 
or  to  facilitate  extension  in  luxations  and  frac- 
tures. 

Also:  —  A  prominent  band  in  the  brain,  Lem- 
nis'cus,  behind  the  brachium  posterius  of  the 
corpora  quadrigemina,  which  marks  the  course 
of  the  superior  division  of  the  fasciculus  olivaris. 
Laqueus  Gut'turis,  'Noose  of  the  throat.' 
Violent  inflammation  of  the  tonsils,  in  which  the 
patient  appears  as  if  suifocated  by  a  noose.  Ac- 
cording to  some,  gangrenous  cynanche. 
LARCH,  Pinus  larix. 


LARD,  Adeps. 
LARDACE,  Lardaceous. 

LARDA'CEOUS,  Larda'ceus,  Lar'deits,  Lnrd'- 
iform,  Lardifor'mis,  (F.)  Lardace  ;  from  lardum, 
'lard,'  the  fat  of   bacon.      An  epithet  given  to 
certain  organic  alterations  in  the  textures,  whose 
aspect  and  consistence  resemble  lard.   (F.)  Tissua 
lardaces.     They  constitute  what  has  been  termed 
the  Larda'ceons  or  Chol'esterine  Disease.     From 
their  waxy  appearance  the  pathological  condition 
has  been  called  Cero'ma. 
LARDEUS,  Lardaceous. 
LARDIFORM,  Lardaceous, 
LARDUM,  Adeps. 
LARGE,  Broad. 
LARIDUM,  Adeps. 

LARIX,  Pinus  larix — 1.  Communis,  Pinus 
larix  —  1.  Decidua,  Pinus  larix — 1.  Europaea,  Pi- 
nus larix — 1.  Pyramidalis,  Pinus  larix. 

LARKSPUR,  BRANCHING,  Delphinium  con- 
solida. 

LAR31E,  Tear. 
LARM0IE2IENT,  Epiphora. 
LAROCHE    POSAY,  MINERAL    WATERS 
OF.      Simple   suphurous  waters  in    the   depart- 
ment of  Vienne,  France. 

LAR'REA  MEXICA'NA,  L.  glutino'sum.  Ore'- 
asote  pilant.  Order,  Zygophyllacese.  A  shrub, 
growing  in  Arkansas,  Southern  Texas,  New  Mexi- 
co, and  Northern  Mexico,  which  abounds  in  a 
strong-scented  resinous  matter;  and  is  used,  ex- 
ternally and  internally,  in  rheumatism,  and  in 
syphilitic,  and  other  pains. 

LARVA,  Mask.     Also  the  larve,  gruh,  or  ver- 
miform condition  of  an  insect :  the  first  change 
it  experiences  after  leaving  the  ovum.     Larves 
of  insects  are  occasionally  developed  in  the  in- 
testinal canal  from  ova  swallowed.    See  Ectozoa, 
LAR  VE,  Mask. 
LAR  VE,  Masked. 
LAR  YiVGE,  Laryngeal. 

LARYNGE'AL,  Larynge'us,  (F.)  Larynge, 
Laryngien.  Same  etymon  as  Larynx.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  larynx. 

Laryngeal  Arteries  are  given  off  from  the 
thyroid  arteries. 

Laryngeal  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  Larynges, 
are  two  in  number ; — a  siipierior  and  an  inferior. 
The  superior  laryngeal  nerve  is  given  off  from 
the  trunk  of  the  pneumogastric,  at  the  upper 
and  deep  part  of  the  neck.  It  passes  downwards 
and  inwards,  behind  the  internal  carotid  artery, 
and  divides  into  two  secondary  branches ;  the 
one,  external,  which  distributes  its  filaments,  on 
the  outside  of  the  larynx,  to  the  sterno-thyroid, 
hyo-thyroid,  constrictor  inferior,  crico-thyroid 
muscles,  &c.  The  other,  the  internal,  which 
crosses  the  thyro-hyoid  membrane,  and  gives 
filaments  to  the  epiglottis,  the  mucous  mem- 
branes of  the  pharynx  and  larynx,  to  the  aryte- 
noid gland,  the  arytenoid  and  crico-thyroid  mus- 
cles, and  ultimately  anastomoses  with  the  inferior 
laryngeal  nerve.  The  inferior  laryngeal  nerves 
or  recur'rents,  Nervi  reversi'vi,  Rameaux  Tra- 
cheaux  (Chaus.,)  arise  from  the  trunk  of  the 
pneumogastric  within  the  thorax.  They  ascend 
in  the  furrow,  which  separates  the  trachea  from 
the  oesophagus,  to  be  distributed  on  the  neck, 
after  having  been  reflected  ; — the  left  around  the 
arch  of  the  aorta;  the  right,  around  the  corre- 
sponding subclavian.  They  send  oflF  filaments 
to  the  cardiac  plexuses;  to  the  parietes  of  the 
oesophagus,  and  trachea ;  to  the  thyroid  gland  ; 
to  the  inferior  constrictor  of  the  pharynx;  the 
posterior  and  lateral  crico-arytenoid  and  thyro- 
arytenoid muscles  ;  and  to  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  pharynx  and  larynx. 
Laryngeal  Phthisis,  Phthisis,  laryngeal. 


LARTNGECHE 


528 


LAETNX 


Laryngeal  Pouches.  Small  ci(?«-t7e-sac,  which 
lead  from  the  anterior  part  of  each  ventricle  of 
the  larynx  upwards,  for  the  space  of  half  an  inch, 
between  the  superior  ligaments  on  the  inner  side, 
and  the  thyroid  cartilage  on  the  outer,  reaching 
as  high  as  the  tipper  border  of  that  cartilage  at 
the  sides  of  the  epiglottis.  Numerous  small  glands 
open  into  them. 

Laryngeal  Sound,  Laryngeche. 

Laryngeal  Veins  open  into  the  internal  jugu- 
lar. Winslow  gives  the  name  laryngeal  to  the 
superior  thyroid  artery. 

Laryngeal  Voice,  see  Voice. 

LARTXGE'CHE,  from  larynx,  and  vxVt  or 
rix<>^>  '  sound.'  The  laryngeal  sound  heard  by  the 
stethoscope  during  breathing  and  speaking. 

LARYNGEMPHRAX'IS,  from  larynoc,  and 
cfjKppa^is,  'obstruction.'  Obstruction  of  the  larynx 
from  any  cause. 

LAE  YNGIEN,  Laryngeal. 

LARYNGISM'US,  from  larynx.  Spasm  of 
glottis,  giving  occasion  to  contraction  or  closure 
of  the  opening. 

LARYNGISMUS  STRIDULUS,  Asthma  thy- 
micum. 

LAB  YNGITE,  Laryngitis— Z.  Muqueuse,  La- 
ryngitis (simple) — I.  (Edemateuse,  ffidema  of  the 
glottis — I.  (Edemateuse  et  sero-j^nridente,  (Edema 
"of  the  glottis  —  I.  avec  Production  de  Fausses 
membranes,  Cynanche  trachealis — I.  Pseudo-mem- 
Iraneuse,  Cynanche  trachealis — I.  avec  Secretion 
de  Pus,  Phthisis  laryngea — I.  Sus-glottique, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis  —  /.  Striduleuse,  Asthma 
thymicum  —  I.  Sous-muqueuse,  (Edema  of  the 
glottis. 

LARYXGI'TIS,  from  larynx,  and  itis,  a  suffix 
denoting  iniiammation  ;  Injiamma'tio  Laryn'gis, 
Cynanche  seu  Angi'na  larynge'a,  (F.)  Laryngite. 
Catarrhe  laryngien,  Angine  larynge,  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  Larynx.  This  disease,  in  some  mea- 
sure, resembles  croup;  but  is  usually  devoid  of 
that  peculiar  sonorous  inspiration,  which  attends 
the  latter.  There  is,  also,  pain  upon  pressing 
the  larynx  ;  and,  whilst  laryngitis  is  a  disease  of 
more  advanced  life,  croup  attacks  children.  The 
membraniform  exudation  is,  also,  absent;  pro- 
bably, because  the  inflammation,  being  seated 
above  the  glottis,  the  coagulable  lymph  is  readily 
expectorated.  It  requires  the  most  active  treat- 
ment. 

Simple  Laryngitis  is  called  by  some  mncoua 
Ijaryngitis,  Laryngitis  acu'ta  seu  muco'sa  acuta, 
(F.)  Laryngite  muqueuse,  to  distinguish  it  from 
submucous  Laryngitis  or  (Edema  of  the  glottis. 

Chronic  Laryngitis  is  generally  regarded  as 
synonymous  with  laryngeal  phthisis;  but  it  may 
exist  independently. 

Laryngitis  Acuta,  Laryngitis  —  1.  Chronic, 
see  Phthisis  Laryngea — 1.  Exsudativa,  Cynanche 
trachealis — 1.  Membranacea,  Cynanche  trachealis 
— 1.  Mucosa  acuta.  Laryngitis — 1.  Mucous,  Laryn- 
gitis (simple)—!.  (Edematous,  (Edema  of  the  glot- 
tis— 1.  Polyposa,  Cynanche  trachealis — 1.  Seropu- 
rulenta,  CEdema  of  the  glottis  —  1.  Submucous, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis  —  1.  et  Tracheitis  chronica, 
see  Phthisis  laryngea— 1.  et  Tracheitis  infantilis, 
Cj'nanche  trachealis. 

LARYNGOCACE,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

LARYNGO-CATAR'RHUS,  Catarrhus  Laryn- 
geus  et  trachea'lis.  Catarrh  affecting  the  larynx 
and  trachea  more  especially,  as  indicated  by  al- 
teration of  the  voice  — hoarseness  —  itching  and 
sensation  of  burning  in  those  parts;  short  cough 
and  expectoration.  <fcc. 

LARYNGO-ET-TRACHEO-PHTHISIS, 
Phthisis  laryngea. 

LARYNGOG'RAPHY,Za>7/ni7o.7ra>Aj-a/from 
larynx,  and  ypa(pv,  'a  description.''  An  anatomi- 
cal description  of  the  larynx. 


LAPi,Y''XGOL'OGY,  from  larynx,  and  Xoyoj, 
'treatise.'     A  treatise  on  the  larynx. 

LARYXGOPARALYSIS,  see  Aphonia. 

LARYNGOPH'ONY,  Laryngopho'nia,  Tra- 
cheoph' ony ,  Larynge'al  voice,  Tracheal  voice  : 
from  larynx,  and  0q)V7,  '  voice.'  The  sound  heard 
in  health,  when  the  stethoscope  is  placed  over 
the  larynx  or  trachea  at  the  time  a  person  speaks. 
The  voice  appears  to  pass  immediately  up  to  the 
ear  of  the  auscultator.  A  similar  physical  sign 
exists  when  there  is  a  cavity  in  the  lungs,  and 
the  instrument  is  placed  over  it  whilst  the  patient 
speaks.     See  Pectoriloquy. 

LARYXGOPHTHISIS,  Phthisis  laryngea. 

LARYXGOSPASMUS,  Asthma  thymicum. 

LARYXGOSTASIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

LARYXGOSTEXO'SIS,  from  larynx,  and 
ffTEruCTt;,  '  contraction.'  Contraction  or  narrow- 
ness of  the  larynx. 

LARYXGOT'OMY,  Laryngofom'ia,  from 
larynx,  and  TCfivuv,  'to  cut.'  A  surgical  opera- 
tion, which  consists  in  opening  the  larynx,  either 
to  extract  a  foreign  body,  or  to  remedy  an  ob- 
struction of  the  glottis.  The  operation  is,  some- 
times, erroneously  called  Bronchotomy,  aad  Tra- 
chetomy. 

LARl'XGO-TRACHEITIS,  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis—  1.  Tracheitis  with  Diphtheritic  exuda- 
tion, Cynanche  trachealis. 

It  A'R'Y'NX,(gen.Laryngis,))^apvY^,'SapvYyoi,  Ca- 
put seu  Oper'culum  seu  Init"ium  seu  Finis  supe'- 
rior  seu  Ter'minus  superior  seu  Pars  jjrima  as'- 
percB  arte'ricB.  The  apparatus  of  voice  is  situate 
at  the  superior  and  anterior  part  of  the  neck  ;  and 
at  the  top  of  the  trachea,  with  which  it  communi- 
cates. It  is  composed  of  four  cartilages,  —  the 
thyroid,  cricoid,  and  two  arytenoid;  is  moved 
by  a  number  of  muscles,  and  lined  by  a  mucous 
membrane,  having  certain  membranous  reflec- 
tions, constituting  the  superior  ligaments  of  the 
glottis,  &c. 

Parts  composing  the  Lar'S'nx. 


1.  Cartilages, 

r 

2.  Muscles.  \ 


(  Thyroid. 
I  Cricoid. 


j  Two  arytenoid. 

[Epiglottis. 

f  Sterno-thyroid. 

I  Constrictors    of    the 
Extrinsic,  -{      pharynx. 

I  All    the  muscles   of 

[      the  hj'oid  region. 

f  Crico-thyoid. 

I  Crico-arytenoid,  pos- 

I      terior. 
Intrinsic,    -l  Cryco-arytcnoid,  la- 

I      teral. 
Thyro-arytenoid. 

[Arytenoid. 

3.  Museous  Membrane. 

r  Epiglottic. 

4.  Glands J  Arj-tenoid. 

(  Thyroid. 


5.  Membranes . 


6.  Ligaments. 


J  Thyro-hyoid. 
\  Crico-thyroid. 
f  Crico-arytenoid. 
[  Thyro-arytenoid. 


The  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  larynx  are  called 
Laryngeal. 

The  larynx  is  destined  to  give  passage  to  the 
air,  in  the  act  of  respiration,  and  to  impress  upon 
it  certain  modifications,  which  constitute  voice. 
Its  dimensions  vary  in  different  individuals.  In 
men,  it  is  always  larger,  and  situate  lower,  than 
in  women. 

Larynx,  Pellicular  or  Plastic  Inflamma- 
tion OF  the,  Cynanche  trachealis. 


LASANUM 


529 


LAUROSE 


LAS'ANUM,  Sella  familiar'ica,  (F.)  Chaise 
pergee.     A  close  stool. 

LASCIVIA,  Satyriasis. 

LASCIVITAS,  Satyriasis. 

LASCIVUS,  Libidinous. 

LASER,  Laserpitium  —  I.  A  Larges  feniUes, 
Laserpltium  latifolium. 

LASERPIT"IUM,  Laser,  Sil'pMum,  o-o?  ci\- 
(piov.  A  term  applied,  anciently,  both  to  a  plant 
and  its  juice,  regarding  the  nature  of  neither  of 
which  Tve  possess  any  precise  information.  Bent- 
ley,  Laurence,  Geoffroi,  &c.,  regard  it  to  have 
been  the  same  as  asafoetida:  —  Theophrastus, 
Dioscorides,  and  the  ancient  scholiast  of  Aristo- 
phanes, however,  by  assigning  a  sweet  and  agree- 
able flavour  to  the  laserpitium,  discountenance 
the  idea.  From  whatever  plant  obtained,  it  was 
so  rare,  and  consequently  so  costly,  that  the 
Romans  deposited  it  in  the  public  treasury.  It 
was  obtained  from  Cyrene — Succus  Oyrena'ictts — 
and  likewise  from  Persia  —  the  latter  being  the 
most  valuable.  The  Laserpitium  is  called  by 
Avicenna,  Altihit. 

Laserpitium  Asperum,  L.  latifolium. 

Laserpitium  Latifo'lium,  L.  as'pemm,  Gcn- 
tia'na  alba,  White  Gentian,  Oerva'ria  alba;  (F.) 
Laser  d  larges  feuillea.  The  root  of  this  plant  is 
bitter  and  tonic. 

Laserpitium  Montanum,  L.  siler. 

Laserpitium  Siler,  L.  trifolta'tnm  seu  moyi- 
ta'num,  Ses'eli,  Seselis,  Siler  monta'num  seu  lan- 
cifo'linm,  Heart-ioort,  Sermountain.  The  seeds 
and  roots  are  possessed  of  aromatic  properties. 

Laserpitium  Trifoliatum,  L.  siler. 

LASSITUDE  OCULAIRE,  Copyopia. 

LASSITUDO,  Copos. 

LAST,  Inguen. 

LATENS  in  ore,  Pterygoideus  internus. 

LATENT,  Lateiis,  from  latere,  '  to  lie  hid.' 
'Lying  hid,'  'concealed.'  An  epithet  applied  to 
certain  diseases  or  states  of  disease,  in  which  the 
symptoms  are  so  concealed  and  obscure,  morbi 
occul'ti,  as  to  escape  the  observation  of  the  phy- 
sician. Thus,  we  say  latent  injlammation,  latent 
period  of  small-pox. 

LAT'ERAD,  from  latus,  latcris,  'the  side.'  A 
term  used  adverbially  by  Dr.  Barclay  to  signify 
'towards  the  lateral  aspect.' 

LATERAL  ASPECT,  see  Mesial. 

LATERIT"IOUS,Zafenr'i».?,LCT/er/e";».s,(F.) 
Briquete,  from  later,  lateris,  'a  brick.'  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  the  brick-like  sediment,  oceasion- 
ally  deposited  in  the  urine  of  people  afElioted 
with  fever;  Sedimen' turn  uri'ncB  lateric" ium ;  — 
(F.)   Urine  briquete. 

LAT'EROFLEX'ION,  Lat'erojlex'io.  A  bend- 
ing to  one  side, — as  of  the  uterus. 

LATER  0-VERSION,  Lat'ero-ver'sio.  A 
turning  or  version  to  one  side, — as  of  the  uterus. 

LATESCENTIS  CHORDAE  (Musculus),  Pal- 
maris  longus. 

LATEX  NIVEUS,  Milk. 

LATHYRIS,  Euphorbia  latbyris. 

LATIB'ULUM,  from  luteo,  'I  lie  hid.'  The 
foyer  of  a  febrile  poison  ;  whence  it  spreads  to 
every  part  to  induce  a  paroxysm.     See  Clapier. 

LAT'ICA.  Same  etymon.  Amphimer'ina  lat'- 
iea  of  Sauvages.  A  species  of  quotidian  remit- 
tent, whose  paroxysms  are  very  long,  and  which 
is  accompanied  with  latent  or  slightly  developed 
fever,  whence  its  name. 

LATICES  LACTEI,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

LATISSIMUS  COLLI,  Platysma  myoides. 

Latis'simus  Dorsi,  (superlative  of  latua, 
'broad.')  Aniscalp)'tor,  Braehium  movens  quartus, 
(F.)  Lombo-humeral  (Ch.),  Dorsi -lombo-sacro-hu- 
meral,  Ifuscle  grand  dorsal,  M.  tres  large  du  dos. 
A  flat  muscle ;  broad,  especially  below ;  thin ;  quad- 
rilateral ;  and  situate  at  the  po.=!terior,  lateral,  and 
U 


inferior  region  of  the  trunk.  It  is  attached  to 
the  posterior  half  of  the  outer  lip  of  the  crest  of 
the  ilium  ;  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum  ; 
to  the  spinous  processes  of  the  six  or  seven  last 
dorsal  vertebreo,  to  all  those  of  the  loins,  and  to 
the  last  four  false  ribs,  and  is  inserted  by  a  strong 
tendon  at  the  posterior  edge  of  the  bicipital 
groove  of  the  humerus.  Its  upper  fibres  are 
almost  horizontal;  the  middle  very  long  and 
oblique  upwards  and  outwards;  and  the  anterior 
almost  vertical.  This  muscle  carries  the  arm 
backwards,  depressing  it,  and  making  it  turn  on 
its  axis.  It  also  draws  backwards  and  down- 
wards the  prominence  of  the  shoulder.  When, 
suspended  by  an  arm,  we  make  an  elFort  to  raise 
ourselves,  it  draws  the  trunk  towards  the  arm. 
It  can,  also,  raise  the  ribs  by  assuming  its  fixed 
point  on  the  humerus,  and  become  an  inspiratory 
muscle. 

LATITUDO  HUMERI,  Scapula. 

LATTICE  WORK,  Cancelli. 

LATUS,  Broad — 1.  Ani,  Levator  ani. 

LAU,  see  Spirit. 

LAUCA'NIA,  Leuca'nia,  Lau'chane.  The 
fauces  and  oesophagus.  Also,  the  chin.  —  Gor- 
rseus. 

LAUCHANE,  Laucania. 

LAUD'ANUM  or  LAUDA'NUxM.  Perhaps, 
from  ?au«,  laudis,  'praise;'  landa'tum,  'praised.' 
Every  preparation  of  opium,  solid  or  liquid,  but 
more  particularly  the  extract  and  tincture,  and 
especially  the  latter. 

Laudanum  Abba'tis  Rousseau,  Guttce  Abhatis 
Rousseau,  Vinnm  opia'tum  fermentatio'ne  para'- 
tiim,  Abbe  Rousseau's  Drops.  {3fel.  Narbonnens., 
^^xij;  aqucB  calidce,  Oiij.  Set  in  a  warm  place, 
and,  as  soon  as  the  mixture  ferments,  add  opium, 
^iv,  dissolved  in  luater,  f^xij.  Let  it  ferment 
for  a  month,  and  evaporate  to  f.^x:  strain,  and 
add  rectified  spirit  of  wine,  f^ivss. 

Laudanum,  Ford's,  Vinum  opii — -1.  Liquid, 
Tinctura  opii  —  1.  Liquidum  Iloifmanni,  Vinum 
opii  —  1.  Liquidum  Sydenhami,  Vinum  opii  —  1. 
Opiatum,  Extractum  opii — 1.  Simplex,  Extractum 
opii — 1.  Sydenham's,  Vinum  opii. 

LAUGH,  Risus — 1.  Sardonic,  Canine  laugh. 

LAUGHING,  Risus. 

LAUGHTER,  Risus. 

LAUREL,  Kalmia  latifolia.  Magnolia  macro- 
phylla  —  1.  Broad-leaved,  Kalmia  latifolia  —  1. 
Cherry,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus — 1.  Common,  Pru- 
nus  lauro-cerasus — 1.  Dwarf,  Kalmia  angustifolia 
— 1.  Great,  Rhododendron  maximum — 1.  Ground, 
Epigaea  repens  —  1.  Mountain,  Kalmia  latifolia, 
Rhododendron  —  1.  Narrow-leaved,  Kalmia  an- 
gustifolia—  1.  Pale,  Kalmia  glauca  —  1.  Poison, 
Primus  lauro-cerasus  —  1.  Rose,  Kalmia  latifolia 
— 1.  Sheep,  Kalmia  angustifolia — 1.  Swamp,  Kal-, 
mia  glauca  —  1.  Sweet,  Illicium  Floridanum — 1. 
Water,  see  Prunus  lauro-cerasus — -1.  White,  Mag- 
nolia glauca. 

LAURENT,  SAINT,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  thermal  spring,  five  leagues  from  Joyeuse 
in  France.     Temp.  127°  Fahr. 

LAUREN'TIA  PINNATIF'IDA,  Pepper- 
dulse.  One  of  the  Algte,  eaten  in  Scotland,  and 
hawked  about  the  streets  of  Edinburgh  along 
with  Lamina' ria  digita'ta  or  Tangle. 

LAUREOLA,  Daphne  laureola. 

LAURIER,  Laurus  —  I.  Alexandrin,  Ruscus 
hypoglossum — I.  Amandier,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus 
— I.  d'Apollon,  Laurus — I.  Cerise,  Prunus  lauro- 
cerasus —  I.  de  Ceylon,  Laurus  cinnamomum — I, 
Commun,  Laurus — I.  des  Cuisines,  Laurus — I.  des 
Montagues,  Kalmia  latifolia  —  I.  Noble,  Laurus  — 
I.  Rose,  Nerium  oleander — I.  de  Trebisonde,  Pru- 
nus lauro-cerasus. 

LAURO-CERASUS,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus. 

LAUROSE,  Nerium  oleander. 


LAURUS 


530 


LAXATOR 


LAURUS,  Laiirus  noh'ilis,  Dnpli'ne,  Sweet  Bay. 
Nat.  Oi-d.  Lauracese.  (F.)  Laurier,  L.  nolle  ou 
dee  cuisines  ou  commun  ou  d'Apollon.  The  leaves 
and  berries,  Launw  (Ph.  L.)..  have  a  sweet,  fra- 
grant smell,  and  an  aromatic,  astringent  taste. 
Sweet  bay  has  been  advised  as  a  stomachic  and 
carminative,  but  is  now  rarely  used.  It  is,  some- 
times, employed  as  a  fomentation  and  in  glys- 
ters;  and  the  berries  are  an  ingredient  in  the 
Emplastruni  Ciimini. 

Ladrus  ^stivalis,  L.  benzoin — l.Alesandrina 
angustifolia,  Ruscus  hypoglossum. 

Laurcs  Bes'zoix,  Benzoin  odorif'ernm,  Laii- 
rus Pseudo-benzoin  seu  (BStiva'lis,  Spice  wood, 
Spice  bush,  Benjamin  bush,  Allspice  bush,  Wild 
allspice,  Spice  berry.  Fever  loood.  Fever  hush. 
An  indigenous  shrub,  growing  in  moist,  shady 
places,  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States;  flower- 
ing early  in  spring.  All  parts  of  the  shrub  have 
a  spicy,  agreeable  flavour,  which  is  strongest  in 
the  bark  and  berries.  An  infusion  or  decoction 
of  the  small  branches  is  used  in  popular  practice  as 
a  vermifuge,  and  an  agreeable  drink  in  low  fevers. 
The  bark  has  been  used  in  intermittents ;  the 
berries,  dried  and  powdered,  for  allspice.  The 
oil  of  the  berries  is  used  as  an  excitant. 

Laurds  Camphora,  see  Camphor — I.  Canella, 
L.  Cassia. 

Laurds  Cas'sia,  L.  Canel'la,  Per'sea  cassia. 
The  species  of  laurus  which  yields  the  Ca'sia, 
Cas'sia,  Canel'la,  Cassia  lig'nea  sencinnamo'mea, 
C.  lignea  dialabar'ica.  Cortex  Canel'ltB  Mala- 
bar'iccB,  Cortex  cras'sior,  Xylo-cassia,  Canel'la 
Malabarica  e.t  Javen'sis,  C.  Guba'na,  Arbor  Ju- 
da'iea,  Canellif'era  Malabar'ica,  Cinnamo'mmn 
Malabar'ictim  seu  In'dicuni  seu  Sinen'se,  Cali- 
hac'ha  canel'la,  Wild  Cinnamon,  Malabar  Cin- 
namon, Cassia,  (F.)  Cannelle  de  Molahar  ou  de 
Java  ou  de  la  Chine  ou  des  hides  ou  de  Coroman- 
del,  C.  fausse,  G.  matte,  Casse  en  bois  ou  aronur- 
tique.  The  bark  and  leaves  abound  with  the 
flavour  of  cinnamon,  for  which  they  may  be  sub- 
stituted ;  but  they  are  much  weaker.  The  un- 
opened flower-buds  are  used  in  the  same  manner. 
Aqua  Cassia,  Water  of  Cassia,  prepared  by  distil- 
lation, is  of&cinal  in  the  Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia. 

Labrtjs  Cinxamomoides,  Nectandra  cinnamo- 
moides. 

Laurus  CiNNAMo'simr,- P«)-se'a  cinnamo'mitm, 
Cinnamo' mum,  G.Zeylau'icum,  Darse'ni,  Darsi'ni, 
Cinnamon,  Xylo-cinnamovium,  Cuiirdo  Canel'la, 
(Sc.)  Cannel,  (F.)  Cannelle,  Baume  de  Cannelle, 
Cannelle  officinale  ou  de  Ceylon.  Cinnamon 
bark,  which  is  obtained,  also,  from  the  Cinaamo'- 
mum  aromat'iciim,  is  stimulant  and  carminative, 
and  is  employed,  chiefly,  as  a  grateful  aromatic, 
to  cover  the  taste  of  nauseous  remedies.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  3j.  The  Floicers,  called  Cassia  Flares  in 
the  shops,  possess  aromatic  and  astringent  virtues, 
and  may  be  used  wherever  cinnamon  is  required. 
The  volatile  oil  of  the  bark — O'lenm  Ginmtmo' mi 
—  Oil  of  Cinnamon,  is  ofScinal  in  the  Pharm.  U.  S. 

Laurus  Cubeba,  Piper  cubeba  —  1.  Culilaban, 
L.  Culilawan. 

Laurus  Culil'awan,  L.  OuUl'abnn,  seu  Cary- 
ophyl'lus,  Cinnamo'mum  Culilawan.  The  tree  that 
affords  the  Cortex  CuUlaivati  seu  Culilaban,  Cu- 
lilawan, Ciditluwan,  Cortex  caryophylloldes  seu 
Caryophyllo'ides  Amboinen'sis.  This  bark  resem- 
bles the  sassafras  in  appearance  and  properties, 
and  is  used  in  Java  as  a  condiment. 

Laurus  Malabathruji,  see  Malabatbrum  — 
1.  Nobilis,  Laurus — 1.  Persea,  Persea  gratissima — 
J.  Pseudobenzoin,  L.  Benzoin. 

Laurus  Sas'safras,  Perse'a  sas'safras,  Sas- 
safras, Corn  us  mas  odora'ta,  Anhuiba,  J^gae-free, 
Ague-tree,  (F.)  Pavanne.  Indigenous  in  the 
United  States.  Sassnfras  wood  and  root,  and 
especially  the  bark  of  the  root.  Sassafras  Radi'- 
c.is    C<,nr.r    CPh.  \'i.   S.).   have   been    considered 


stimulant,  sudorific,  and  diuretic.  The  virtues  de- 
pend upon  essential  oil.  Oleum  Sassafras,  the  odour 
of  which  is  not  unlike  that  of  fennel.  It  has  been 
used  in  cutaneous  diseases,chronic  rheumatism, itc. 

The  pith  of  the  stems,  Sassafras  rnedul'la  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  abounds  in  gummy  matter,  which  it  rea- 
dily imparts  to  water,  forming  a  limpid  mucilage, 
which  is  much  employed  as  a  collyrium  in  oph- 
thalmia, and  as  a  drink  in  dysentery,  catarrh,  ifec. 
(one  drachm  of  the  pith  to  a  pint  of  boiling  water). 

LAUTIS'SIMA  VINA.  (Superlative  of  lautus, 
'elegant.')  Wines  were  formerly  so  called,  which 
were  strongly  impregnated  with  myrrh. 

LAVA.AIENTUil,  Clyster,  Enema. 

LAVANDE,  Lavendula  — ?.  de  Her,  Statice 
limonium — I.  Triste,  Statice  limonium. 

LAVAN'DULA,  Laven'dula,  from  lava,  '1 
wash;'  so  called  from  being  used  in  baths.  Lavan'- 
clula  spica  (Linnseus)  seu  angustifo'lia  seu  ojfici- 
na'lis  seu  vera,  Common  Lavender,  (F.)  Lavande. 
Ord.  Labiatse.  The  odour  of  lavender  flowers, 
Lavand'ula  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  fragrant  and  agreeable  ; 
taste  warm  and  bitterish — depending  upon  an  es- 
sential oil.  It  has  been  used  as  a  stimulant :  parti- 
cularly in  the  form  of  the  oil, — O'leum  lavan'dulcB. 
The  dried  leaves  have  been  employed  as  an 
errhine. 

The  French  use,  also,  Lavandula  Stcechas, 
Stcechos  et  Stichas  Arab'ica,  French  Lavender, 
of  which  they  have  a  compound  syrup,  Syr'upus 
de  stoe'chadl  compos'itus :  given  as  a  pectoral. 

Lavandula  Latifolia,  Lavandula. 

Lavandula  Spica  (Linnasus),  L.  Latifo'Ua 
Spica,  French  Lav'ender,  (F.)  Lavande,  Aspic, 
Spic,  yields  the  Oil  of  Spike,  O'leum  spjiccB,  (F.) 
Huile  d' Aspic  ou  de  Spic,  which  is  used  to  make 
varnishes,  and  as  a  liniment  in  paralysis, 

LAVEMENT,  Clyster,  Enema— Z.  Antis2ms- 
modique.  Enema  foetidum. 

LAVENDER,  COMMON,  Lavendula  — L 
French,  Lavandula  spica  —  1.  Sea,  Statice  limo- 
nium, Statice  Caroliniana. 

LAVENDULA,  Lavandula. 

LAVER,  Ulva  latissima- — 1.  Broad  green,  Ulva 
latissima — 1.  Germanicum,  Veronica  beccabunga 
— 1.  Laciniated  purple,  Ulva  umbUicalis — 1.  Odo- 
ratum,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

LAVIPEDIUM.  Pediluviuui. 

LAW  MEDICINE,  Medicine,  legaL 

LAWSONIA  ALBA,  L.  Inermis. 

Lawso'nia  Iner'jiis,  L.  alba,  Alcati'a  vera  seu 
Orienta'lis,  Cype'rus  antiquo'rum,  Ligus'trum 
^gyptiaeum,  Smooth  Lawso'nia,  (F.)  Henne,  Al- 
haune.  An  East  Indian  and  African  plant,  the 
root  of  which  is  slightly  astringent 

In  India,  the  root  of  the  Lawso'nia  spinosa  is 
employed  in  lepra  and  other  cutaneous  affections. 

LAX,  Diarrhoja. 

LAXANS,  Laxative,  Relaxant. 

LAX'ATIVE,  Laxati'vus,  Laxans,  Le'niens, 
from  laxare,  laxatum,  'to  loosen;'  Minorati'vns, 
Solnti'vns,  Alvid'urus,  Hypochorel'icus,  Hypa^ 
yo'gus,  HypeVatus,  Hypocathar'ticus,  Lapac'ticus. 
A  medicine  which  gently  opens  the  bowels;  such 
as  tamarinds,  manna,  &c. 

LAXATIVUS  INDICUS,  Cambogia. 

LAXATOR  AURIS  INTERNUS,  L.  tympani. 

Laxator  Tympaxi,  L.  major  tym'pani,  Exter'- 
H!(s  seu  Ante'rior  m<dl'ei,  Obli'quns  seu  Externum 
auris,  Laxator  auris  inter'nus,  Eusta'chii  mus'- 
cidas,  (F.)  Anterieur  du  marteazi,  Acoustico-mnl- 
leen,  Spheni-scdpingo-mallien.  A  muscle  which 
arises  from  the  spine  of  the  sphenoid  bone  and 
from  the  cartilage  of  the  Eustachian  tube,  and  is 
inserted,  by  a  tendon,  into  the  apophysis  of  Rau. 
It  relaxes  the  membrana  tympani. 

Laxa'tor  Tym'pani  Minor.  A  very  small 
muscle  which  extends  from  the  upper  part  of 
the  external  auditory  canal,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  inferior  part  of  the  process  of  the  handle  of 


LAXITAS 


531 


LEIMAX 


the   malleus.     Its  existence  is  denied  liy  most 
anatomists. 

LAXITAS,  Atony  — 1.  Alvi,  Diarrhoea  — 1. 
Ingestorum,  Lientery  —  1.  Intestinorum,  Lien- 
tery  —  1.  Scroti,  Rachosis  —  1.  Yentriculi,  Gas- 
terasthenia. 

LAX'ITY,  La.r'itas,  Laxness.  Same  etymon. 
Condition  of  a  tissue  when  loose  or  relaxed ;  or 
of  one  which  wants  tone.  We  say  laxity  of  fibre, 
laxity  of  skin,  to  express  that  those  parts  have 
lost  some  of  the  tenseness  proper  to  them. 

LAYER,  AXIMAL,  see  Tache  embryonnnire — 
].  Mucous,  see  Tache  embryonnaire  —  1.  Serous, 
see  Tache  embryonnaire  —  1.  Vascular,  see  Tache 
embryonnaire — 1.  Vegetative,  see  Tache  embryon- 
naire. 

LAYERS    OF    THE    BLASTODERMA,    see 
Tache  embryonnaire. 
LAYMAN,  see  Laity. 

LAZARET'TO,  Lazaret,  Lazar-Jiome,  from 
(I.)  lazzero,  'a  leper.'  A  solitary  edifice  in  most 
seaports  of  magnitude,  intended  for  the  disinfec- 
tion of  men  and  goods  proceeding  from  places 
where  contagious  diseases  are  prevailing. 
LAZULITE,  Lapis  lazuli. 

LEAD,    Plumhum — 1.    Black,    Graphites  —  1. 
Chloride  of,  Plumbi  chloridum — 1.  Colic,  see  Co- 
lica  metallica — 1.  Iodide  of,  Plumbi  iodidum — 1. 
Nitrate  of,  Plumbi  nitras — 1.  Oxyd  of,  semi-vitri- 
fied, Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 
Lead  Paralysis,  see  Palsy,  lead. 
Lead    Poisoning,    Moh/bdo'sis,    Ifolyhdon'o- 
sus.    Morbus    ^jZam6'e!(8,    Cacochyrn'ia,  plwmbea, 
(F.)  Intoxication  saturnine.     Morbid  phenomena 
induced  by  lead  received  into  the  system. 
Lead,  Red,  Plumbi  oxidum  rubrum. 
Lead  Rheu'matism,  Lead  Neural' gia,  ArthraV- 
gia  of  M.  Tanquerel.     The  neuralgic  and  spas- 
modic pains  caused  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

Lead,  Subcaebonate  of,  Plumbi  superacetas 
— 1.  Tannate  of,  see  Tannin. 

Lead  Water,  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis  di- 
lutus. 

Lead,  White.  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
LEADER,  Te'ndon. 
LEADWORT,  Plumbago  Europsea. 
LEAF,  SOUR,  Andromeda  arborea. 
LEAM'INGTOX,  MINERAL  WATERS   OF. 
Saline  waters    at   Leamington,  about   two  miles 
east  of  Warwick,  England,  which  contain  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  and  chlorides 
of  calcium  and  magnesium. 
LEANNESS,  Emaciation, 
LEAP,  Sax.  Maepan,  Saltus,  Salit"io,  Exal- 
sis,  (F.)  Saut;  Bound,  .Jump,  —  the  act  of  leap- 
ing. Muscular  movement  or  movements,  by  which 
the  body  is  detached  from  the  soil  by  the  forcible 
and  sudden  extension  of  the  lower  limbs,  previ- 
ously flexed  upon  the  pelvis. 
LEAPERY,  Lepra. 

LEAPING  AGUE.  This  disease  is  said  by 
the  Scotch  writers  to  be  characterized  by  in- 
creased efficiency,  but  depraved  direction,  of  the 
will,  producing  an  irresistible  propensity  to  dance, 
tumble,  and  move  about  in  a  fantastic  manner, 
and  often  with  far  more  than  the  natural  vigour, 
activity,  and  precision  !     See  Mania,  dancing. 

LEATHER  FLOWER,  Clematis  viorna— I. 
Wood,  Dirca  palustris. 

LEB'ANON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    The 
spring  at  Lebanon,  26  miles  east  of  Albany,  New 
York,  is  a  simple  thermal;  temperature  73°  Fahr. 
LECANE,  Pelvis. 
LECHE,  Physician. 
LECHENETON,  Torcular  Herophili. 
LECHEROUS,  Libidinous. 
LECHO,  Puerpera. 
LECHOPYRA,  Puerperal  fever. 
LECITHODES.  Vitelline. 


LECITHOS,  see  Ovum. 
LE  CRAN,  Cochlearia  armoracia. 
LEGO.  Penis. 

LECONTIA  VIRGINICA,  Peltandra  Vir- 
ginica. 

LECTISTER'NIUM,  from  lectus,  'a  bed,'  and 
sternere,  '  to  spread.'  The  arrangement  of  a  bed 
so  as  to  adapt  it  to  a  particular  disease.  Also,  a 
supplication,  with  the  Romans,  in  times  of  public 
danger,  when  beds  or  couches  were  spread  for  the 
gods,  as  if  they  were  about  to  feast,  and  their 
images  were  taken  down  from  their  pedestals  and 
placed  upon  these  couches  around  the  altars. 
The  leotistei-nium  was  first  introduced  in  the  time 
of  a  pestilence. — Livy. 

LECTUA'LIS,  from  lecfw>,  'a  bed.'  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  a  protracted  disease. 

LECTULUS  MEDICATUS,  see  Fomentation 
— 1.  Stramineus,  Fanon. 

LEBE  SAUVAGE,  Ledum  sylvestre. 
LEDOYEN'S   DISINFECTING  LIQUID   or 
FLUID.     A  solution  of  nitrate  of  lead,  (P/umb. 
nitrat.  ,^j  ad  aqum  f^j,)  used  as  an  antiseptic  ana 
antibrotnic. 

LEDUM  LATIFO'LIUM,  Labrador'  Tea, 
Ord.  Ericaceae,  grows  in  damp  places,  in  Canada 
and  the  United  States.  The  leaves  have  a 
pleasant  odour  and  taste,  and  have  been  used  as 
tea.  They  have  also  been  esteemed  pectoral  and 
tonic. 

Ledcti  Palus'tre,  RoKmari'nus  seu  Anthos 
sylves'trie.  Marsh  Tea,  (F.)  Llde  ou  Rnmarin 
saitvac/e,  Olivier  de  Boheme.  Nat.  Ord.  Ericinece. 
Sex.  Syst.  Deeandria  Monogynia.  This  plant 
has  a  bitter,  subastringent  taste,  and  was  formerly 
used  in  Switzerland  in  place  of  hops :  the  virtues 
are  equivocal.  The  leaves  are  chewed  by  the 
Cree  Indians,  and  applied  to  burns,  which  are 
said  to  heal  rapidly  under  their  influence.  The 
cake  of  chewed  leaves  is  left  adhering  to  the  sore 
until  it  falls  oiF. — Sir  J.  Richardson. 

LEE,  Feculence,  Lixivium,  Ley,  Lye,  Urine. 
LEECH,  Hirudo,  see  Ectozoa,  Physician. 
LEECHCRAFT.  Medicina. 
LEEK,  Allium  porrum. 
LEES,  SOAP,  Liquor  potassse. 
LEG,  (Da.  Lag,)    Cms,   Scelos,   Oneme.     The 
portion    of  the  lower  extremity,  which  extends 
from  the  knee  to  the  foot.     It  consists  of  three 
bones.  Tibia,  Fibula,  and  Patella,  and  also  of  a 
great   number   of  muscles,  vessels,  and  nerves. 
The  projection,  formed  by  the  muscles  at  the  back 
part  of  the  leg,  has  received  the  name  of  Calf  of 
the  leg.     It  is  the  special  attribute  of  man,  and 
proves  that  he  is  destined  to  be  biped. 

Leg,  Swelled,  Phlegmatia  dolens — 1.  Cochin, 
see  Elephantiasis. 

LEGIT'IMATE,  Legit'irnns,  from  lex,  legis. 
'law;'  Genui'nus,  Gne'sios.  An  epithet  applied 
to  things  which  are  according  to  rule.  A  legiti- 
mate citild,  (F.)  Enfant  legitime,  is  one  conceived 
or  bom  during  marriage  Legitimate  diseases, 
(F.)  Maladies  legitimes,  are  those  which  follow  a 
regular  march. 

LEGNA,  from  X^yw,  \tyvov,  'a,  fringed  edge,' 
'the  border   of  a  garment.'     The  orifice  of  the 
pudendum  rauliebre,  or  of  the  uterus. 
LEGUME,  Legumcn. 

LEGU'MEN,  from  lego,  '  I  gather,'  [?]  akin  to 
'Xayaiov,  'pulse,'  (F.)  Legjtme,  Goxsse.  So  called 
because  it  is  usually  gathered  by  the  hand,  in- 
stead of  being  reaped.  All  kinds  of  pulse,  as 
peas,  beans,  <tc.,  are  thus  termed. 
LEGUMIN,  Casein. 
LEICHEN,  Lichen. 

LEIMAXTHIUM     VIRGIXICUM,     Melan- 
thium  Virgin i cum. 
LEIMAX,  Limax. 


LEIOPUS 


532 


LEPIDIUM 


LEI'OPUS,  Li'opvs,  Plancus,  Plautns,  Plofus, 
from  "ScLo;,  'smooth,'  and  rrov;,  'a  foot.'  One  who 
is  affected  with  fiat-footedness ,  splay-footedness, 
Leu.pod'ia,  Liopod'ia.  One,  the  soles  of  whose 
feet  are  flat,  instead  of  having  the  concavity  which 
they  commonly  present. 
LEIOSIS,  Comminution. 

LEIPH^'MIA,  Liphm'min  :  same  etymon  as 
Leiphosmos.     Poverty  or  paucity  of  blood. 

LEIPH^MOI.  Achroi. 

LEIPHiE'MOS,  LiphcB'THos,  (P.)  Leipheme, 
from  AfiTTo),  'I  want,'  and  'aina,  'blood.'  A  word 
sometimes  used  adjectively  ;  at  others,  substan- 
tively, either  for  a  vicious  state  of  the  blood  —  or 
rather  for  a  sort  of  anaemia  —  or  for  the  patient 
who  labours  under  this  condition.     See  Achroi. 

LEIPHEME,  Leiphasmos. 

LEIPO,  Lipo. 

LEIPODERMTA.  Aposthia. 

LEIPODER'MOS,  Lipoder'mos,  Leipoderm'a- 
iHs,  from  Aeittu,  'I  want,'  and  hp^ii,  'skin.'  One 
who  wants  a  part  of  his  skin.  It  is  especially 
applied  to  one  who  wants  the  prepuce.  See 
Apelln.  and  Aposthia. 

LEIPOMERIA,  Lipomeria. 

LEIPOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

LEIPOTHYMIA,  Syncope. 

LEIPYR'IAS,  from  Xfirci),  'I  want,'  and  izvp, 
'fire,'  or  'heat.'  A  species  of  continued  fever, 
referred  to  by  the  Greek  physicians,  in  which 
there  is  burning  heat  of  the  internal  parts  and 
coldness  of  the  extremities.  Avicenna  described, 
under  this  name,  a  kind  of  hemitrittea. 

LEMA,  Chassie. 

LEME.  Lippitudo. 

LEMITHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsieana. 

LEMMA,  Cortex,  Eeculence,  Furfur,  Sedimen- 
tum. 

LEMNISCUS,  Pessarv,  Tent.     See  Laqueus. 

LEMON,  GROUND,  Podophyllum  montanum 
—  1.  Juice,  see  Citrus  medica — 1.  Juice,  artificial, 
see  Citrus  medica  —  1.  Peel,  see  Citrus  medica — 
1.  Tree,  Citrus  medica. 

LEsroN,  Wild,  Podophyllum  montanum. 

LExMONADE',  Limona'da,  (F.)  Lxmonade, 
Citronnade.  Lemon  juice  diluted  with  water  and 
sweetened.     See  Citrus  medica. 

Lemonade,  Dur,  (F.)  Limonade  seclie.  Citric 
or  tartaric  acid  reduced  to  powder  and  mixed  with 
sugar.  Lemonade  poicders  may  be  made  as  fol- 
lows : — Pound  ^^jj  of  citric  acid  with  a  few  drops 
of  essence  of  lemon-peel  and  ^j  or  more  of  lump 
sugar.  Divide  into  six  papers,  each  of  which  will 
make  a  glass  of  lemonade.     See  Citric  acid. 

Limonade  Oazeuse  (F.),  is  an  agreeable  drink 
prepared  by  adding  syrup  of  lemons,  raspberry, 
Ac,  to  water  saturated  with  carbonic  acid. 

Lemonade,  Magnesian,  Magnesise  citras. 

Lemonade,  Nitric.  Nitric  acid  considerably 
diluted  with  water,  and  sweetened. 

Lemonade,  sulphuric,  and  Lemonade,  tar- 
taric, are  made  with  the  sulphuric  and  tartaric 
acids. 

LEMOSITAS,  CJiassie,  Lippitudo. 

LENDE,  Lumbi. 

LENDIS,  Lumbi,  Nates. 

LENIENS,  Laxative,  Lenitive. 

LENIS,  Lenitive. 

LEX'ITIVE,  Leniti'vns,  Lenis,  Len'ieni,  Epia'- 
mn,  JIfit'igans,  from  Jenio,  lenitum,  'to  assuage.' 
A  medicine,  which  allays  irritation  or  palliates 
disease ;  also,  a  laxative  medicine.  A  lenitive 
electuary  is  one  that  purges  gently. 

LENOS,  Toroular  HerophVli. 

LENS,  Ervum  lens — 1.  Crystalline,  Crystalline 
— 1.  Esculenta,  Ervum  lens. 

LENTIC'ULA.  Dim.  of  lens,  lentis,  'a  lentil.' 
A  freckle.  Also,  the  eruption  of  lenticular  fever. 
See  Ephelides. 


LENTICULAR  GANGLION,  Ophthalmic  G. 

LENTICULA'RES  GLAN'DUL^,  Lentic'- 
ular  glands.  Mucous  follicles,  having  the  shape 
of  a  lentil,  which  are  observed  especially  towards 
the  base  of  the  tongue. 

LENTIGO,  Ephelides. 

LENTIL,  Ervum  lens. 

LENTILLE,  Ervum  lens—?.  Crystalline,  Crys- 
talline— 1.  Ers,  Ervum  ervilia. 

LENTIS'CINUM  VINIJM.  Wine  impreg- 
nated with  mastich;  froBi  Lentiscus,  'the  mastich 
tree.' 

LENTISCUS  VULGARIS,  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

LENTITIA,  Lentor. 

LENTITIS,  Pbacitis. 

LENTITUDO,  Lentor. 

LENTOR,  Lentif'ia,  Lentitu'do,  from  lentiis, 
'clamni3\'  A  viscidity  or  siziness  of  any  fluid. 
See  Gluten. 

LENT  ROSE,  Narcissus  pseudona.rcissus. 

LENUM.  Torcular  Hernphili. 

LEONO'TIS  LEONU'RUS.  Ord.  Labiatse, 
A  South  African  plant,  which  has  a  peculiar 
smell  and  nauseous  taste,  and  is  said  to  produce 
narcotic  effects  if  incautiously  used.  It  is  em- 
ployed in  decoction  in  chronic  cutaneous  diseases. 
The  Hottentots  smoke  it  like  tobacco,  and  take  a 
decoction  of  its  leaves  as  a  strong  cathartic.  It 
is  also  given  as  an  emenagogue.  In  the  eastern 
districts  of  the  Cape  Colony,  Lconotis  ova'ta, 
(Prov.)  Crou-parsnej),  Male,  is  used  for  the  same 
purpose. 

Leonotis  Otata,  see  Leonotis  leonurus. 

LEONTI'ASIS,  Leon'tion,  from  )i£wv,  Aeoito?, 
'a  lion.'  A  name  given  to  lepra  of  the  face,  from 
some  fancied  resemblance  between  the  counte- 
nance of  those  labouring  under  it  and  that  of  the 
lion.  To  this  kind  of  lepra  the  epithets  le'oninc 
and  le'ontine  have  been  given. 

LEON'TICE  THALICTROIDES,  Caulophyl- 
lum  thalietro'ides. 

LEONTION,  Leontiasis. 

LEON'TODON  TARAX'ACUM,  L.  officina'le 
seu  vidga're,  Tarax'acwn  officina'le,  Dens  Leo'nis, 
Hedyp'nois  tarax'acnm,  Urina'ria,  Cnput  3/on'a- 
chi,  Dan'delion,  Piss-a-bed,  (Prov.)  Shitahed, 
Ptiffball,  (Sc.)  Dentilioun,  (F.)  Pissenlit,  Lion- 
dent,  Dent  de  lion,  Couronne  de  3Ioine,  from 
Xjo))',  Xsovrof,  'a  lion,'  and  oiovs,  oiovrog,  'a  tooth.' 
Order,  Compositae.  The  young  leaves  are  some- 
times eaten  as  salad.  The  roots  are,  also,  roasted 
and  used  as  a  substitute  for  coffee.  The  root, 
Tarax'acnm,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  is,  moreover,  reputed 
to  be  aperient  and  diuretic;  hence  its  vulgar 
names.     Its  efficacy  is  doubtful. 

LEONTOPODIUM,  Alchemilla. 

LEONU'RUS,  from  \nov,  'a  lion,'  and  oiipa,  'a 
tail.'     Lion's  Tail. 

Leonurus  Cardi'aca,  AgripaVma  Gallis,  Mar- 
ru'hium,  Cardi'aca  crispa  seu  triloha'ta  seu  vid- 
ga'ris,  Herha  cardiaea  seu  Pata  lapi'iKs,  MotJier- 
wort,  Throaticort,  (F.)  Agripawne.  Ord.  Labiatee. 
Its  properties  are  those  of  a  nauseous  bitter;  and 
hence  it  has  been  used  in  hysteria  and  other  ner- 
vous affections. 

Leonurus  Lanatus,  Ballota  lanata. 

LEOPARD'S  BANE,  ROMAN,  Arnica  mon- 
tana,  Doronicum  pardalianches. 

LEPAS,  Lep>is,  'Ss.-ai,  gen.  Astto^oj;  \tizig,  gen. 
AejTi^of,  'a  scale.' 

LEPER,  see  Leprous. 

Leper  Hospital,  Ladrerie. 

LEPIA  CAMPESTRIS,  Thlaspi  campestre— 
1.  Sativa,  Lepidium  Iberis. 

LEPID'IUM,  from  XtTrij,  Atn^of,  'a  scale;'  so 
called  from  its  supposed  usefulness,  in  cleansing 
the  skin  from  scales  and  impurities.  Pep2:)er-wort. 
Ord.  Cruciferse. 

Lepidium  Campestre,  Thlaspi  campestre. 


LEPIDODES 


533 


LEPTOTRICnUS 


Lepid'ium  Ibe'ris,  Ibe'n's,  Cardaman'tiea,  Sci- 
ut'iea  cresses.  This  plant  possesses  a  warm, 
penetrating,  pungent  taste,  like  other  cresses, 
and  is  recommended  as  an  antiscorbutic,  anti- 
septic, and  stomachic. 

Lepibiom  Sati'vum,  Lep'ia  sati'va,  Thlaspi 
nastur'tium  sen  sati'vum,  Nastur'tium  horten'se 
seu  sati'vum,  Garden  cress,  Dtttander,  Green  mus- 
tard, (F.)  CressoH  alenois,  Cresson  des  Jardins. 
This  plant  possesses  warm,  stimulating  proper- 
ties, and  is  used  like  the  last. 

LEPiDiunr  Squaiiatusi,  Cochlearia  coronopus. 

LEPIDODES,  Squamous. 

LEPIDOIDES,  Squamous. 

LEPIDOSA  RCO'MA,  Tumor  squamifor'mis 
cnrno'eus.  A  fleshy  tumour,  covered  with  scales  ; 
from  XsTTif,  XeniSoi,  'a.  scale,'  and  aapKinfia,  'a 
fleshy  tumour.'  Marcus  Aurelius  Severinus  de- 
scribes tumours  of  this  kind  in  the  interior  of  the 
mouth. 

LEPIDOSIS,  Scaly  disease. 

LEPIDOSIS  ICHTHYIASIS,  Ichthyosis—!. 
Ichthyiasis  cornigera,  Horny  excrescences — 1. 
Lepriasis,  Lepra — 1.  Pityriasis,  Pityriasis  —  1. 
Psoriasis,  Psoriasis. 

LEPIDOTIS  CLAVATA,  Lycopodium  clava- 
tum. 

LEPIRA,  Lepra. 

LEPIS,  Scale. 

LEPISMA,  Squamous  portion. 

LEPOPv,mUM  LABIUM,  Harelip  — 1.  Ros- 
trum, Harelip. 

LEPORINUS  OCULUS,  Lagophthalmia. 

LEPOSTEOPH'YTON;  from  Aetis,  'a  scale,' 
oartov,  'a  bone,'  and  <pvTov,  'a  plant  or  growth.' 
A  thin  scale  of  bone,  the  result  of  a  morbid 
growth. 

LEPRA,  Lep'ira,  from  \e-n-pog,  'scaly.'  Lepi- 
do'sis  Lepri'asis,  Lcpro'sis,  Lepru'sitas,  Vitili'go, 
Lepra  GrcRco'rum,  Herpes  farfura'cens  circina'- 
tns.  Leprosy,  Leap'ery,  (Sc.)  Lepyr,  Lipper,  (F.) 
Lejire,  Mai  Saint-3Iain,  Dartre  fiirfnracee  ar- 
rondie.  This  term  has  been  applied  to  various 
affections,  very  different  in  character.  1.  To  the 
Leprosy  of  the  Jev;s,  Leuce,  I/epido'sis  Lepriasis 
canes' cens,  Lepra  Ifosa'ica  seu  ITelirao'rum,  —  a 
variety  of  the  Alphas  or  Lepra  alphoi'des.  The 
leuce  was,  generally,  not  scaly,  but  consisted  of 
smooth,  shining  patches,  on  which  the  hair 
turned  white  and  silky,  and  the  skin,  with  the 
muscular  flesh,  lost  its  sensibility.  It  was  in- 
curable. 2.  To  the  ElepTiantiasis  or  Lepra  of  the 
Arabs,  see  Elephftntiasis  ;  and  3.  To  the  Lejira 
of  the  Greeks,  which  includes  all  the  varieties  met 
with  at  the  present  day.-  It  is  characterized  by 
scaly  patches  of  different  sizes,  but  having  always 
nearly  a  circular  form.  Ba.teman  and  Willan  de- 
scribe three  chief  varieties  of  this  lepra. 

1.  Lepra  alpho'i' des,  Lepido'sis  Lepri'asis  aV- 
hida,  Alpihos,  Mnrphm'a  alba,  Vitili'go.  alphus, 
Al'baras  alba,  Albarms,  Albaros,  Lepre  ecaillense 
of  Alibert,  White  leprosy.  An  affection,  charac- 
terized by  white  patches,  surrounded  by  a  rose- 
coloured  areola,  which  appears  here  and  there  on 
the  surface;  depressed  in  the  middle. 

2.  Lepra  ni'gricans  seu  melas  seu  maculo'sa 
nigra,  Vitili'go  melas  seu  nigra,  Iforphce'a  seu 
Al'baras  nigra,  3Ielas,  Lepido'sis  lepri'asis  ni'- 
gricans, Black  leprosy;  in  which  the  scales  are 
livid;  the  size  of  half  a  dollar;  and  diffused  over 
the  body,  but  less  widely  than  in  the  Alpho'ides. 
The  French  pathologists  usually  admit  three  spe- 
cies of  lepra,  to  which  they  give  the  epithets  scaly, 
[squameuse,)  crustaceous,  (crustacee,)  and  tuber- 
cular, (tuberenleuse,)  according  as  the  skin  may 
be  covered  with  scales,  crusts,  or  tubercles. 

3.  Lepra  vulga'ris,  Lepido' sis  lepri'asis  vulga'- 
'ria,  Dartre  furfuracee  arvondie,  of  Alibert,  cha- 
racterized as  follows :   scales   glabrous,  whitish, 


size  of  a  crown  piece ;  preceded  by  smaller  red- 
dish and  glossy  elevations  of  the  skin,  encircled 
by  a  dry,  red,  and  slightly  elevated  border;  often 
confluent;  sometimes  covering  the  whole  of  the 
body  except  the  face. 

Lepra  appears  to  be  endemic  in  Egypt,  in 
Java,  and  certain  parts  of  Norway  and  Sweden. 
Imperfect  and  faulty  nutriment  appears  to  con- 
tribute to  its  development.  The  means,  best 
adapted  for  its  removal,  are  : — a  mild,  unirritAting 
diet,  emollient  fomentations — sulphureous  baths, 
fumigations,  Ac;  but,  often,  all  remedial  agents 
will  be  found  ineffectual. 

Lepra  Arabum,  Elephantiasis  Arabica — 1.  As- 
turica,  see  Pellagra  —  1.  Borealis,  Radzyge  —  1. 
Fungifera,  Framboesia — 1.  Gangrsenosa,  Ngeren- 
gere  —  1.  Groecorum,  Lepra — 1.  Hebrseorum,  ses 
Lepra — 1.  Ichthyosis,  Ichthyosis — 1.  Lombardica, 
Pellagra  —  1.  Maculosa  nigra,  L.  Nigricans  —  1. 
Mediolanensis,  Pellagra  —  1.  Melas,  Lepra  nigri- 
cans—  1.  Mercurial,  Eczema  mercuriale  —  1.  Mo- 
saica,  see  Lepra — 1.  Norvegica,  Radzyge — 1.  Squa- 
mosa, Impetigo — 1.  Taurica,  Mai  de  Orimee. 

LEPRE,  Lepra — I.  des  Cossaques,  Mai  de 
Orimee —  I.  Ecaillense,  Lepra  alphoides  —  I.  Hu- 
mide.  Impetigo. 

LEPREUX,  Leprous. 

LEPRICUS,  Leprous. 

LEPROSARIUM,  Ladreric. 

LEPROSERIE,  Ladrerie. 

LEPROSIS,  Lepra. 

LEPROSITAS,  Lepra. 

LEPROSUS,  Leprous. 

LEPROSY,  Lepra — 1.  Black,  Lepra  nigricans 
—  1.  Norwegian,  see  Radzyge  —  1.  White,  Lepra 
alphoides. 

LEP'ROUS,  Lepro'sns,  Leprot'icus,  Lep'rieus, 
Lepro'des,  (Se.)  Lipper,  (F.)  Lepreux,  Ladre, 
same  etymon.  Relating  to  or  resembling  or  af- 
fected with  leprosy  ;  a  leper. 

LEPSIS,  Attack. 

LEPTAN'DRA  VIRGIN'ICA,  Veroni'ca  seu 
Pmdero'ta  Virgin'ica,  Culver's  ]}hysic.  Ord.  Scro- 
phulariaceas.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  grows 
throughout  the  United  States,  and  flowers  in 
August.  The  flowers  are  white,  and  terminate 
the  stem  in  a  long  spike.  A  variety  with  purple 
flowers  has  been  described,  as 

Leptandra  Purpu'rea,  Physic  root.  Black 
root,  Whorlywort,  Culver's  root,  Brinton  root.  Bow- 
man root.  The  root  is  bitter  and  nauseous,  and 
when  fresh  is  emetic  and  cathartic.  In  the  dried 
state  it  is  more  uncertain.  Dose  of  the  powder, 
gr.  XX  to  ^]. 

LEPTO,  LEPTOS,  >£7rrof,  'thin,'  'light.' 
Hence : 

LEPTOCEPHA'LIA,  from  )i£-Tog,  '  thin,  fine,' 
and  KEipaXri,  'head.'  Monstrosity,  in  which  the 
head  is  abnormously  small. 

LEPTOCHRO'A,  Leptochros,  from  Xcttto;, 
'thin,  fine,'  and  XP""'  XI""-"'  '  tbe  colour  of  the 
skin  :  the  skin.'     Fineness,  thinness  of  skin. 

LEPTOCHYM'IA,  from  Uirroi,  'thin,'  and 
yuM"?!  'a  juice.'     Morbid  thinness  of  the  juices. 

LEPTOHYMB'NIA,  from  Atjrroj,  'thin,'  and 
'vfjiriv, '  a  membrane.'  Thinness,  delicacy  of  mem- 
brane. 

LEPTOMER'IA.  from  XsTrros,  'thin,  fine,'  and 
fjiepog,  '  a  part.'  Fineness,  delicacy  of  bodily  for- 
mation. 

LEPTONTIQUES,  Attenuants. 

LEPTOPHONIA,  Oxyphonia. 

LEPTOSPERMUM  LEUCADENDRUM, 
Melaleuca  cajaputi. 

LEPTOTHRIX,  Leptotrichus. 

LEPTOTRICH'IA;  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Fineness  of  hair. 

LEPTOT'RIGHUS,    Leptothrix,    from   Xinrog, 


LEPTOTROPHIA 


534 


LEUCORRHCEA 


'fine,'  and  &pt^,  rpixos,  'hair.'     One  who  has  fine 
hair. 

LEPTOTROPH'IA,  3Iierotroph'la,  Microtra- 
pez'ia,  from  XtTrros,  '  light,'  and  T(io(pr),  '  nourish- 
ment.'    Light  nutrition. 

LEPTYNSIS,  Emaciation. 

LEPTYNTICA,  Attenuants. 

LBPTYSMUS,  Emaciation. 

LEPYR,  Lepra. 

LEREMA,  see  Dementia. 

LERESIS,  see  Dementia. 

LERUS,  Delirium,  see  Dementia. 

LESEOLI  MORBUS,  Icterus. 

LESE'OLUS.  According  to  Paracelsus,  a  per- 
fectly transparent  salt,  which  cured  jaundice  : 
hence  Leseoli  morhus. 

LE'SION,  Lcp.'sio,  from  ladere,  IcBsiim,  '  to  in- 
jure.' Derangement,  disorder;  any  morbid 
change,  either  in  the  exercise  of  functions  or  in 
the  texture  of  organs.  Organic  lesion  is  syno- 
nymous with  organic  disease. 

Lesion  of  Continuity,  see  Continuity,  solu- 
tion of. 

LESK,  Inguen. 

LESSIVE,  Lixivium. 

LESSIVE  DES  SAYONNIERS,  Liquor  po- 
tassae.  ^Iso,  a  solution  of  caustic  soda  in  water, 
containing  about  3  parts  of  soda  to  8  of  water. 

LESSIVE  BE  T AUTRE,  Liquor  potass^ 
Eubcarbonatis. 

LETALITAS,  Mortality. 

LETHALIS,  Lethiferous,  Mortal. 

LETIIALITAS,  Mortality. 

LETHAR'GIC,  Lethar'r/icus,  Veterno'siis,  (F.) 
Lithargiqiie.  Relating  to  lethargy;  affected  with 
lethargy. 

LETEARGIQUE,  Lethargic. 

LETH'ARGrY,  Lethar'gia,  Lethar'gus,  Cams 
lethargus,  Veter'nus,  Ohliv'io  iners,  from  ^v^ri, 
'  oblivion,' and  apyo;,  '  active.'  A  constant  state 
of  stupor  from  which  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
arouse  the  individual ;  and,  if  aroused,  he  speedily 
relapses  into  his  former  condition. 

LETHEA,  Papaver. 

LE'THEON,  from  'SnOri,  ^oblivion.'  A  name 
given  by  some  to  sulphuric  ether,  when  inhaled 
as  an  anaesthetic  agent. 

LETHIF'EROUS,  Le'lhifer,  Lctlia'Us,  Lethif- 
icus,  3lor'tifer,  3Iortif'erous,  from  \riOri,  '  death,' 
and  0£pa>,  'I  bear.'     Death-bearing;  deadly. 

LETHUM,  Death, 

LETTUCE,  Lactuca— 1.  Blue,  Mulgedium  acu- 
minatum—  1.  False,  Mulgedium  Floridanum — 1. 
Indian,  see  Calumba. 

Lettuce  Opium,  see  Lactuca. 

Lettuce,  Strong-scented,  Lactuca  virosa — 1. 
White,  Nabalus  albus — 1.  Wild,  Lactuca  elongata. 

LETUM,  Death. 

LEUCADES,  see  Sclerotic. 

LEUC^'MIA,  Leuka'min,  Leuchce'wia,  from 
\iVKQg,  'white,'  and  'aifia,  'blood,'  (F.)  Lencemie. 
A  condition  of  the  blood  in  which  it  is  deficient 
in  colouring  matter.     See  Leucocythsemia. 

LEUC^THIOPIA,  see  Albino. 

LEUC^THIOPS,  Albino. 

LEUCANIA.  Laucania. 

LEUCANTHEMUM,  Anthemis  nobilis,  Matri- 
caria chamomilla  —  1.  Vulgare,  Chrysanthemum 
leueanthemuDj. 

LEUCE,  Lepra  (of  the  Jews.) 
.  LEUCELECTRUM,  Succinum  (album.) 

LEUCEMIE,  Leucffimia. 

LEUCHzEMIA,  LeucEemia. 

LBUCITIS.  Sclerotitis. 

LEUCOCYTE,  see  Globules  of  the  blood. 

LEUCOCYTH^'MIA,  'white  cell  blood,' from 
\aiK05,  'white,'  Kvrof,  'cell,'  and  'aijxa,  'blood.' 
A  condition  of  the  blood,  which  consists  in  a  su- 


perabundant development  of  the  white  corpuscles, 
a  disease  which  has  been  observed  at  times  to  be 
accompanied  by  enlargement  of  the  spleen  and 
liver,  and  at  others  by  increased  size  of  the  lym- 
phatic glands.     See  Leuceemia. 

LEUCODENDRON,  Melaleuca  cajaputi. 

LEUCCENUS,  see  Wine. 

LEUCOIUM,  Lunaria  rediviva  —  1.  Luteum, 
Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

LEUCOLACHANUM,  Valeriana. 

LEUCOLEIN,  Leukoleinum, 

LEUCO'MA,  from  AfuKof,  'white.'  Ocido'rum 
albu'go,  Leucom'ma,  Leuco'sis,  Alhu'go,  Al'bxda, 
Ceratoleuco'ma,  Ephel'oies.  Leucoma  and  Al- 
bugo are  often  used  synonymously  to  denote  a 
white  opacity  of  the  cornea.  Both  are  essentially 
difi"erent  from  nebula  of  the  cornea  ;  nebula  being 
usually  the  result  of  chronic  ophthalmy  and  an 
effusion  of  a  milky  serum  into  the  texture  of  the 
delicate  continuation  of  the  conjunctiva  over  the 
cornea;  —  the  others  are  the  result  of  violent, 
acute  ophthalmia.  In  this  state,  a  thick,  coagu- 
lable  lymph  is  extravasated  from  the  arteries, 
sometimes  superficially,  at  other  times  deeply 
into  the  substance  of  the  cornea.  On  other  occa- 
sions, the  disease  consists  of  a  firm,  callous  cica- 
trix on  this  membrane, — the  eifect  of  a  wound  or 
ulcer  with  loss  of  substance.  The  affection  is 
more  difficult  of  cure  in  proportion  to,  its  duration 
and  to  the  age  of  the  individual;  the  activity  of 
the  absorbents  being  greater  in  youth.  If  inflam- 
mation still  exist,  antiphlogistics  must  be  perse- 
vered in,  and,  afterwards,  gentle  stimulants  be 
used  to  excite  absorption ;  along  with  the  in- 
ternal use  of  mercury  or  iodine. 

Leucoma,  Albumen  —  1.  Gerontotoxon,  Gero- 
toxon — 1.  Margaritaceum,  see  Margaritaceus. 

LEUCOMMA,  Leucoma. 

LEUCOMORIA,  Cuttubuth. 

LEUCONECRO'SIS,  from  UvKog,  'white,'  and 
vcKouais,  '  death.'  A  form  of  dry  gangrene, — the 
opposite  in  appearance  to  anthraconecrosis. 

LEUCONYMPIIiEA,  Nymphsea  alba. 

LEUCOPATHIA,  see  Albino,  Chlorosis— 1. 
Partialis  aequisita,  Achroma. 

LEUCOPHAGIUM,  Blanc-manger. 

LEUCOPHLEGMASIA,  Leucophlegmatia— 1. 
Dolens  pucrperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

LEUCOPHLE  GMA'TIA,  Lencopldegmasia, 
Hydrops  leucophlegma'tia,  Tumescen'tia  pitvi- 
to'sa,  from  \cvkos,  'white,'  and  (p^eyfia,  (pXzyjtaroi, 
'phlegm.'  A  dropsical  habit,  Hydrocachex'in. 
Some  writers  use  the  word  sytionymously  with 
anasarca  and  oedema  ;  others  with  emphyseyna. 

Leucophlegmatia  ^Ethiopum,  Chthonophagia. 

LEUCOPIPER,  Piper  album. 

LEUCOPYRIA,  Hectic  fever. 

LEUCORRHEE,  Leucorrhoea. 

LEUCORRHCE'A,  Fluxus  seu  Fluor  midie'hris, 
Projlu'viitm  midie'bre,  Citrsus  matri'ci^,  Fhixiis 
matri'cis,  Elytri'tis,  Coleosi'tis,  Co^n'tis,  JDestil- 
la'tio  ii'teri,  Fluxio  alba  seu  vul'vm.  Ulcus  u'teri, 
Catar'rhus  genita'linm,  Hysterorrhix'a  muco'sa, 
Catame'nia  alba,  Jlenses  albi,  3Ien'striia  alba, 
3lenorrliag"ia  alba,  Fluor  mulie'bris  non  Gal'li- 
cus,  Blennelyt' ria,  Gonorrhoe'a  benig'na  noika  in- 
vetera'ta,  Pnrga'tio  mtilie'bris  alba,  Alba  j^iirga- 
men'ta,  Cachex'ia  uteri'na,  Rheuma,  u'teri,  U'teri 
Cory'za,  MedorrJioe'a  femina'rum  insons,  Bhn- 
norrhce'a  seu  Blennorrhag"ia  genita'linm,  JEdceo- 
blennorr'hoe'a  seu  lledoblennoi-rhre'a  femina'rum ; 
The  whites;  (F.)  Fleurs  ou  Fluenrs  blanches, 
Pertes  blanches,  Ecoulement  blanc,  Catarrhe  niS- 
rin,  Perte  uterine  blanche,  from  Aeuico?,  'white,' 
and  pfu,  'I  flow.'  A  more  or  less  abundant  dis- 
charge of  a  white,  yellowish,  or  greenish  mucus; 
resulting  from  acute  or  chronic  inflammation,  or 
from  irritation  of  the  membrane  lining  the  genital 


LEUCORRHOIS 


53  5 


LEVATOR 


organs  of  the  female.  Vag"inal  Leucorrhcea  tns 
been  termed  Blen>wrrliosa''seu  Fluor  alhns  vagi'- 
ii(B,  Leiicoyrhce'a,  Ifedorrhoe'a  vaginm,  Vug'nu't\s, 
Efi/fr'iblennni-rhce'a,  Colporrhce'a. —  Uterine  Leu- 
cnn-li<ea  has  received  the  names  Fluor  albus  uteri, 
Leucurrhoe'a  seu  Medorrhce'a  uteri,  Metrohlennor- 
rhae'a,  Blemiometri'tis,  Iletrohlennoze'mia,  Bletro- 
ccitar'rhus,  BfetroleucorrJice' a,  (F.)  LeucorrJiee  ute- 
rine, CutarrJie  uterin.  It  is  often  attended  -with 
pain  and  a  sense  of  heaviness  in  the  loins,  abdo- 
men and  thighs ;  disordered  digestive  functions, 
kc,  so  that,  at  times,  the  health  suffers  largely, 
although  there  are  few  females  who  are  not  occa- 
sionally subject  to  moderate  leucorrhcea.  Atten- 
tion to  the  general  health,  change  of  air,  keep- 
ing up  a  perspirable  state  of  the  surface  by 
flannel  worn  next  the  skin,  the  horizontal  posture, 
Ac,  do  more  than  pharmaceutical  agents ;  which 
are  almost  entirely  confined  to  astringent  injec- 
tions. These  may  be  emploj'ed,  when  the  dis- 
charge is  so  great  as  to  require  them. 

Leucorrhcea  Analis,  see  Hasmorrhois  —  1. 
Nabothi,  see  Parturition. 

LEUCORRHOIS,  see  Htemorrhois. 
LEUCO'SES;  from  XtvKog,  'white.'  In  the 
nosology  of  M.  Alibert,  all  the  diseases  of  the 
lymphatic  apparatus.  The  7th  family  in  his  No- 
sologie.  In  that  of  Fuchs,  it  is  a  family  of  dis- 
eases, (G.)  Leukosen,  which  includes  the  va- 
rious forms  of  ansemia. 

Leucosis,  Leucoma,  Paleness.  See  Albino. 
LEITK  or  LOCCHE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Saline,  chalybeate  waters,  about  six  leagues 
distant  from  Sion.  They  contain  chloride  of  so- 
dium, with  a  little  sulphate  of  magnesia;  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonic 
acid,  and  protoxide  of  iron. 
LEITK.EMIA,  Leuea;mia. 

LEUKOLEIN'UM,  ChinoJein'um,  LevUl, 
Leu'coleine,  Leu'colein,  Chi'nnleiv,  Chi'nnlin. 
This  substance  is  the  product  of  the  dry  distilla- 
tion of  coal :  mixed  with  picolin,  anilin  and  other 
substances,  in  mineral  tar.  It  is  procured,  also, 
by  heating  qninia,  cincJionia  and  strychiria,  with 
as  concentrated  a  ley  of  potassa  as  can  be  made. 
Its  specific  gravity  is  l.OSl :  and  it  is  slightly 
soluble  in  water,  and  miscible  in  all  proportions 
with  alcohol,  ether  and  essential  oils. 
LEVAIN.  Ferment. 
LEVATOR,  Elevator. 

Leva'tor  An'guli  Oris,  Ahdn'cens  lahio'r^im, 
Eleva'tor  labiornm  commu'ni^,  Cnni'iitis,  (F.) 
Siis  maxillo-lahial,  Petit  stts-mnxillo-la^i'al  (Ch.). 
Muscle  can  in.  A  small,  flat,  long,  qt^ddrilateral 
muscle,  which  arises  from  the  fossa  eanina,  and 
is  inserted  at  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  where 
it  is  confounded  with  the  triangularis.  It  raises 
the  corner  of  the  mouth,  and  draws  it  towards 
the  ear. 

Levator  Ani,  Levator  magnus  seu  iiitervus, 
Latus  ani,  Eleva'tor  ani,  Sedem  attol'lens,  (F.) 
Pubio-cocct/gien  annidaire,  Sous  pubio-cocci/gien 
(Cb.),  Eeleveur  de  I'anns.  A  muscle,  situate  at 
the  lower  part  of  the  pelvis.  It  is  broad,  flat, 
quadrilnteral,  and  broader  above  than  below.  It 
represents  a  kind  of  membranous  partition,  which 
closes  the  outlet  of  the  pelvis,  and  the  upper 
concavity  of  which  is  opposed  to  that  of  the  dia- 
pjhragm.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  body  of  the  pubis,  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  obdurator  foramen,  and  to  the  spine 
of  the  ischium;  and  is  inserted  into  the  coccyx, 
into  an  aponeurotic  line  common  to  it  and  its 
fellow,  and  into  the  lateral  parts  of  the  rectum. 
This  muscle  supports  the  rectum;  raises  it,  and 
carries  it  upwards  during  the  evacuation  of  the 
excrement.  It  can,  also,  compress  the  bladder 
and  vesiculae  seminales,  and  thus  favour  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  urine  and  sperm. 


Levator  Asi  Parvus,  Transversus  perinaji  — 
1.  Auris,  Attollens  aurem  —  1.  Coccygis,  Cocey- 
geus. 

Levator  GLAx'DULiE  Thyeoide^.  A  muscle 
occasionally  found  connected  with  the  upper  bor- 
der or  isthmus  of  the  thyroid  gland:  and  attached 
superiorly  to  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides,  or  to  the 
thyroid  cartilage. 

Levator  Menti,  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  I. 
Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi  —  1.  Proprius  sca- 
pulae, L.  scapulse. 

Levator  Labii  Ixferio'ris,  i.  me?i<)',  Elevator 
labii  in/erio'ris  seu  labii  inferioris  pro'prins,  Inci- 
si'vus  infe'rior,  3Ius' cuius penicilla'tus, ( ^.)Hoiip>pe 
du  menton,  Eeleveur  de  la  levre  i^iferieur  on  du  nif'A- 
ton.  A  portion  of  the  mento-labial  of  Chaussier. 
A  small  muscle  situate  before  the  sj'mphysis 
menti.  It  is  thick,  conical ;  and  attached  by  its 
apex  to  a  fossette  at  the  side  of  the  sj'mphysis 
in  the  inferior  maxillary  bone.  Its  fibres  pro- 
ceed diverging  and  vanishing  in  the  manner  of  a 
tuft,  (F.)  Houppe,  on  the  skin  of  the  chin.  This 
muscle  raises  the  chin,  and  pushes  upwards  the 
lower  lip. 

Levator  Labii  Superio'ris  Aljeque  Nasi, 
Ineisi'vus  latera'lis  et  pi/raniida'lis,  (F.)  Grand 
sus-mascillo-labial  (Ch.),  Elevateur  commun  de 
I'aile  dit  nez  et  de  la  levre  siq^irieure.  This  mus- 
cle is  a  fleshy,  thin,  triangular  bundle,  situate  at 
the  sides  of  the  nose.  It  arises  from  the  ascend- 
ing process  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone:  thence 
its  fibres  descend  in  a  diverging  manner,  a  part 
being  inserted  into  the  ala  of  the  nose,  and  a  part 
losing  themselves  in  the  upper  lip.  This  muscle 
raises  the  upper  lip  and  ala  nasi,  which  it  draws 
a  little  outwards. 

Levator  Labii  Superioris  Propp.ius,  il/ns'- 
ciilus  ineisi'vus,  Elevator  labii  superioris  pyro- 
priuB,  (F.)  Moyen  sns-maxillo-labial,  (Ch.),  Or- 
bito-maxillo-labial.  This  thin,  flat,  quadrilateral 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  middle  and  inner  part  of 
the  face.  It  arises  from  the  os  malaj  and  the  os 
maxillare  superius,  and  is  inserted  into  the  upper 
lip,  which  it  raises,  at  the  same  time  carrying  it 
a  little  outwards. 

Levator  Pala'ti,  L.  Palati  Mollis,  Petro- 
scdpin' go-staphyli'mis,  Salpin'go-stapJryli'niis  in- 
ter'nus,  Salpjirigo-stajyliyliiiiis,  Pter'ygo-stapihyli- 
mis  externus,  Spli eno-stapliylinus,  Spheno-palati'- 
rius,  PeristapJiyliuKs  intcrnus  superior,  Petro-sta- 
phylin,  (Ch.).  This  muscle  is  long,  narrow,  and 
almost  round  above;  broader  and  flatter  infe- 
riorly.  It  arises  from  the  lower  surface  of  the 
pars  petrosa;  from  the  cartilage  of  the  Eusta- 
chian-tube;  and  is  inserted  into  the  substance  of 
the  velum  palati.  Its  use  is  to  raise  the  velum 
palati. 

Levator  Pal'pebr^  Superio'ris,  Palpehrcs 
superioris  ptrimiis,  Apertor  Oc'xdi,  Ape'rieus  Pal- 
pehra'runi  rectus,  Reclu'sor  palp)ebra'rvm,  (F.) 
Oj'hito -palpebral  (Ch.),  Orhito -sus-palj^ebrtd, 
Elevateur  de  la  paupiere  supei-ieure.  A  long, 
small,  thin  muscle,  situate  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  orbitar  cavity.  By  its  posterior  extremity  it 
is  inserted  into  the  little  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone, 
immediately  in  front  of  the  foramen  opticum,  and, 
by  its  anterior  extremity,  which  is  expanded,  it 
terminates  at  the  upper  margin  of  the  tarsal  car- 
tilage of  the  eyelid.  This  muscle  raises  the 
upper  eyelid,  draws  it  backwards,  and  sinks  it 
into  the  orbit. 

Levator  Pnos'TATiE,  (F.)  Eeleveur  de  la  pros- 
tate. Santorini  has  given  this  name  to  the  ante- 
rior fibres  of  the  levator  ani,  which  emhrace  the 
prostate. 

Levator  Scap'dl.e,  Eleva'tor  scapulm,  E.  seu 
Mus'cidus  Patieii'ticB,  Angula'ris,  Levator  pro' pri- 
us  scapnlcB, — (F.)  Traclielo-scapulaire  (Ch.),  An- 
gidaire    de    Vomopdate,    Eeleveur    de    I'omopilate. 


LEVATORES   COSTARUM 


saG 


LICHEN 


This  muscle  is  so  called,  because  it  is  attached 
to  the  upper  and  internal  angle  of  the  scapula. 
It  is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  lateral  part  of 
the  neck,  and  at  the  upper  part  of  the  back.  It 
is  long,  flat,  and  broader  above  than  below.  In 
this  latter  direction,  it  is  inserted  into  the  supe- 
rior internal  angle  of  the  scapula;  and,  in  the 
former,  into  the  tops  of  the  transverse  processes 
uf  the  first  four  cervical  vertebree.  It  depresses 
the  prominence  of  the  shoulder,  by  raising  the 
posterior  angle  of  the  scapula,  on  which  it  im- 
presses a  kind  of  rotary  motion.  It  can,  also, 
draw  the  head  to  one  side. 

Levator  Ure'thRjE,  (F.)  lielevenr  de  I'Ure- 
thre.      Santorini   describes   under   this    name   a 
jiortiou  of  the  transversus  perincei  muscle. 
LEVATORES  COSTARUM,  Supracostales. 
LEVE^^,  Ferment. 

LEVER,  from  levare,  'to  lift  up.'  Vectis, 
Mochlus,  Porrec'tum.  An  inflexible  rod,  turning 
round  a  fixed  point,  and  used  for  moving  bodies, 
bearing  burdens,  or  raising  them.  The  point  on 
which  the  lever  moves  is  called  the  Fidcrinn,  Hy- 
pomocTi'Uon.  The  force  which  moves  the  lever 
is  called  the  poioer  ;  and  the  weight  to  be  moved, 
the  resistance.  There  are  three  kinds  of  levers. 
A  lever  of  the  first  kind  has  the  fulcrnm  between 
the  power  and  resistance.  A  lever  of  the  second 
Icind  has  the  resistance  between  the  fulcrum  and 
power;  whilst  a  lever  of  the  third  kind  has  the 
power  between  the  fulcrum  and  resistance.  In 
the  locomotive  system  of  the  human  body,  we 
have  examples  of  all  the  three  kinds.  The  bones 
represent  levers;  the  muscles  of  locomotion  are 
jjowers ;  the  weight  of  parts  to  be  moved  con- 
stitutes the  resistance.  The  fidcrc(,  are,  at  times, 
the  joints;  at  others,  the  ground,  &c.  The  head 
moves  on  the  neck,  as  a  lever  of  the  first  kind; 
the  first  cervical  vertebra  forming  the  fulcrum. 
We  rise  on  tiptoe  by  a  lever  of  the  second  kind, 
the  fulcrum  being  the  ground  under  the  toes; 
and  we  have  examples  of  a  lever  of  the  third 
kind  in  the  flexion  of  the  fore-arm  on  the  arm,  in 
the  elevation  of  the  arm,  &c. 

Lever,  Hystero-moeh'lium,  3Iochlis' cus,  Vectis 
obstetric'  ius,  Vectis,  (F.)  Levier,  is  an  instrument 
curved  at  the  extremity,  and  having  a  fenestra. 
It  is  used  to  assist  the  extraction  of  the  child's 
head,  when  instrumental  aid  is  necessary.  Le- 
vers are,  also,  used  by  the  dentist  for  extracting 
stumps,  &c.  The  Levier  de  VEcluse,  Langue  de 
Curpe,  TriveUn  or  Punch,  is  employed  for  ex- 
tracting the  molar  teeth. 

LEVI'ATHAN  PENIS,  Pria'pns  Ceti,  Bale'- 
nas.  The  penis  of  the  whale.  This  singular  me- 
dicine was,  at  one  time,  given  in  powder,  in 
cases  of  dysentery  and  leueorrhoea. 

LEVTER,  Lever — I.  de  VEcluse,  see  Lever. 

LEVIGA'TION,  Lceviga'tio,  from  Icsvic/are, 
IcBviga'tum,  {IcBvis,  'smooth,')  'to  polish.'  Poi-- 
'phyrizu'tion.  An  operation,  by  which  bodies  are 
reduced  to  very  fine  powder.  It  is  performed  by 
putting  substances,  already  pulverized,  into  water; 
the  coarser  parts  are  not  long  in  being  deposited, 
whilst  the  finer  molecules  remain  suspended  in 
the  water.  The  liquor  is  decanted  into  another 
vessel,  and  suflFered  to  remain  at  rest,  until  the 
fine  particles  are  collected  at  the  bottom.  The 
fluid  part  is  then  separated  by  decantation. 

LEVISTICUM,  Ligusticum  levistioum. 

LEVEE,  Lip. 

LEVRES  GR ANDES,  Labia  pudendi— ?.  Pe- 
iitcs,  Nvmphaj — I.  de  la  Vulve,  Labia  pudendi. 

LEVURE,  Test—?,  de  la  Bihe,  Yest. 

LEXIPHARMACUS.  Alexipharmic. 

LEXIPYRETICUS,  Febrifuge. 

LEY,  Lixivium,  Lye — 1.  Soap,  Liquor  potassas. 

LEYS'SERA    GNAPIIALOI'DES.     A    South 


African    plant,  Nat.   Ord.  Composita?,  which   is 
emollient,  and  highly  recommended  at  the  Cape, 
in  catarrh,  cough,  and  even  in  phthisis. 
LEZARB,  Lizard. 

LIAN  A  EEGLISSE,  Abrus  precatorius. 
LIA'TRIS  SPICA'TA,  Gayfeather,  Button 
snal-eroot.  Ord.  Compositas.  An  indigenous 
plant,  growing  in  meadows  and  moist  grounds  in 
the  Middle  and  Southern  States.  Its  beautiful 
purple  compound  flowers  are  in  a  spike.  They 
appear  in  August.  The  root  has  been  considered 
diuretic. 

Lia'tris  Scario'sa  and  L.  Squarro'sa, 
Throaticort,  Sow-iBort,  Backache  root,  Devilshitc, 
Blazing  star,  Prairie  pines,  Rough  root,  are 
called  from  their  reputed  powers  in  bites  from 
the  rattlesnake.  Rattlesnake' s  master.  The  roots, 
bruised,  are  applied  to  the  wound,  and  the  decoc- 
tion, in  milk,  is  given  internally. 

LIBANOTIS    ANNUA,  Athamanta   cretensis 
—  1.  Coronaria,  Rosmarinus  —  1.  Cretensis,  Atha- 
manta cretensis — 1.  Hirsuta,  Athamanta  cretensis. 
LIBANOTUS,  see  Juniperus  lycia. 
LIBANUS,  Juniperus  lycia. 
LIBER    PHARMACEIFTICUS,    Dispensato- 
rium. 

LIBIDINIS  SEDES,  Clitoris. 
LIBIDINOSUS,  Libidinous. 
LIBID'INOUS,    Lihidino'sus,    Lasci'vus,    Ve- 
neriv'agus  ;  from  libido,  '  lust,'  Lech'erous,  Lick'- 
orous.     Lewd;  lustful. 

LIBI'DO.  Desire,necessity.  Authors  speak 
of  Libido  uri'nee,  Libido  intesti'ni.  Some  em- 
ploy it  synonymously  with  Prurigo;  others,  with 
Salac"itas,  Lubi'do,  Hi'meros. 

LIBOS,  from  Xufioi,  'to    drop.'     A    deflusion 
from  the  eyes. — Galen. 
LIBRA,  Pound. 

LICIIANOS,  Index,  see  Digitus. 
LICHE,  Body. 

LICHEN,  \uxvi'  or  "i^ixw,  (pronounced  li'ken,) 
Exor'mia  Lichen,  Leichen,  Serpi'go,  Volat'ica, 
Pceji'ulcB,  P.  sicccB,  Peti'go,  Pustulm  sicccB,  Sca'- 
bies  sicca  seu  a'gria,  Licheni'asis  adulto'rnm, 
Li'chenousrash,  (F.)  Gale seche.  Dartre  fnrfuracee 
rolante,  Ponssee.  The  cutaneous  affection  de- 
scribed under  this  name  by  the  Greek  writers,  is 
not  clearly  defined.  Some  have  believed  it  to  he 
Impetigo,  but  this  is  doubtful.  The  name  is,  now, 
generally  applied  to  a  diffuse  eruption  of  red 
pimples,  accompanied  by  a  troublesome  sense  of 
tingling  or  pricking.  Drs.  Willan  and  Bateman 
define  it,  —  "an  extensive  eruption  of  papulse 
aifceting  adults,  connected  with  internal  disor- 
der, usually  terminating  in  scurf;  recurrent,  not 
contagious."  One  of  their  varieties,  however, 
the  Lichen  Tropicus,  does  not  accord  well  with 
this  definition;  for  it  afi'ects  children  as  well  as- 
adults,  and  is  unconnected  with  internal  dis- 
order. 

LiCHEJf  A'grius,  L.  A'gria,  Exor'min  Lichen 
ferns,  Lichen  ferus,  Pap'tdu  a'gria.  Wild  Lichen, 
is  distinguished  by  pimples  in  clusters  or  patches, 
surrounded  by  a  red  halo;  the  cuticle  growing 
gradually  harsh,  thickened,  and  chappy,  often 
preceded  by  general  irritation.  In  addition  to 
antiphlogistics,  a  cooling  ointment  may  be  used, 
to  allay  itching. 

Lichen  Barbattjs  Plicatus,  L.  plicatus. 
Lichen  Circdhscrip'tus  is    characterized   by 
clusters  or  patches  of  papula,  having  a  well  de- 
fined margin,  and  an  irregularly  circular  form: 
continuing  for  six  or  eight  weeks.    These  varieties 
require  but  little  medical  treatment.     The  anti- 
phlogistic plan  is  all  that  is  necessary. 
Lichen  Ferus,  Lichen  agrius. 
Lichen   Lit'idus.     The  papulae  have  a  dark 
red  or  livid  hue,  without  any  fever.     They  are 


LICHEN   PILARIS 


537 


LIENTERY 


more  permanent  in  this  variety.     It  requires  the 
mineral  acids  and  bark. 

Lichen  Pila'ris,  Exor'mia  Lichen  pilaris,  is 
merely  a  modification  of  the  preceding;  the  pa- 
pulse  appearing  at  the  roots  of  the  hair. 

Lichen  Simplex,  Exor'mia  Lichen  simjilex, 
consists  of  an  eruption  of  red  papulse,  appearing 
first  on  the  face  or  arms,  and  afterwards  extend- 
ing over  the  body;  preceded  for  a  few  days  by 
slight  febrile  irritation,  which  usually  ceases  when 
the  eruption  appears, — with  an  unpleasant  sense 
of  tingling  during  the  night.  It  generally  dies 
away  in  ten  days  or  a  fortnight. 

Lichen  Trop'icus,  Exormia  Lichen  trnpicns, 
Eczes'ma,  Es'sera  [f],  Sudam'ina  [.?],  Pricldy 
Heat,  Summer  Mash.  The  pimples  are  bright 
red,  and  of  the  size  of  a  small  pin's  head  ;  with 
heat,  itching,  and  pricking,  as  if  by  needles.  It 
is  local;  produced  by  excessive  heat;  and  disap- 
pears when  the  weather  becomes  cooler,  or  the 
individual  is  inured  to  the  climate. 

Lichen  Urtica'tus,  L.  Urtico'sus,  Exor'mia 
Lichen  urtico'sus,  is  another  variety.  The  Nettle 
Lichen  consists  of  papulae,  accompanied  by 
wheals  like  those  of  nettle  rash.  A  variety  of 
this  is  said  to  be  called,  in  America,  blights. 
Lichen,  Wild,  Lichen  agrius. 
Lichen  Aphthosus,  Pelti'den  aphtho'sa;  Ord. 
LichenaceEe ;  is  said  to  be  cathartic  and  anthel- 
mintic. 

Lichen  Arborum,  Lichen  pulmonarius  —  1. 
Barbatus  plicatus,  Lichen  plicatus  —  I.  Blanc  de 
Neicje,  L.  caninus — I.  Boitier,  L.  pyxidatus. 

Lichen  Caninus  seu  spu'rius  seu  terres'- 
tris  seu  veno'sus  seu  ciner'eas  terres'tris,  3Iuscus 
cani'nns,  Phys'cia  niva'lis,  Pelti<j"era  cani'na, 
Pelti'dea  cani'na  seu  leucorrhi'za  seu  mala'eea 
seu  amplis' sima  seu  spu'ria.  Ash-coloured  Ground 
Liverwort,  (F.)  Lichen  contre-rarje.  Lichen  hlanc 
de  neige.  This  cryptogamous  plant  was,  for  a 
long  time,  considered  capable  of  preventing  and 
curing  Babies  canina.  It  has,  also,  been  used  in 
mania  and  in  spasmodic  asthma. 

Lichen  Cinbreus  Terrestris,  L.  caninus  —  1. 
Carrageen,  Fucus  crispus — 1.  Cocciferus.  L.  pyxi- 
datus—  I.  contre  Page,  L.  caninus — I.  Entonnoir, 
L.  pj'xidatus — -1.  Eryngifolius,  L.  islandieus  —  1. 
Floridus  hirtus,  L.  plicatus  — 1.  Hirtus,  L.  pli- 
catus. 

Lichen  Islan'diccs,  L.  erijngifo'Uus,  Liche- 
no'i'des  Island' icum,  Loba'ria  Islan'dica,  Muscns 
Islandieus  seu  cathar'ticus,  Clado'nia  seu  Phi/s'- 
cia  seu  Cetra'ria  seu  Parme'lla  Islan'dica,  Ice- 
land Lichen  or  Liverwort  or  IIoss,  (F.)  Lichen 
d'Islande,  Mousse  marine  perlee,  3rousse  d'Islande. 
This  plant  is  inodorous,  with  a  bitter  and  muci- 
laginous taste.  It  is  esteemed  to  bo  tonic,  demul- 
cent, and  nutrient.  Dose,  ^j  to  ^iv,  being  first 
steeped  in  water  holding  in  solution  some  car- 
bonate of  potassa  to  extract  the  bitter,  and  then 
boiled  in  milk.  A  bitter  principle  has  been  ex- 
tracted from  it,  termed  Oetrarin,  Getrari'num, 
Cetra'rium,  which  has  been  given  in  interraittents. 
'  Lichen  Laciniatos,  L.  saxatilis — 1.  Parietinus, 
Parmelia  parietina. 

Lichen  Plica'tus,  L.  hirtus  seu  barbn'tus  pli- 
cn'tus  seu  Floridus  hirtus,  Parme'lia  plica'ta,  Us- 
ne'a  plica'ta,  U.  Flor'ida  hirta  seu  hirta,  Muscus 
arbo'reus  seu  albus  seu  quernus,  Querci'ni  Herba. 
This  plant  is  applied,  by  the  Laplanders,  as  an 
astringent,  to  bleeding  vessels ;  and  to  parts 
which  are  excoriated  after  long  journeys. 

Lichen  PrjLJroNA'Rius,  L.  ar'bomm  seu  reti- 
eula'tus,  Parme'lia  pulmona'cea,  Reticida'ria  offi- 
cina'lis,  Muscus  pulmonarius  qu6rci'nus,  Pulmona'- 
ria  arbo'rea,  Loba'ria  pnlmonaria,  Sticta  pulmo- 
na'cea. Oak  Lungs,  Tree  Lungwort,  Hazel  Crot- 
tleg,  Hazelraw,  (P.)  Lichen  pulmonaire,  Pnlmo- 
naire  en  arbre  ou  de  chine.     This  plant  is  sub-  I 


astringent,  and  rather  acid.    It  was  once  in  high 
repute  for  curing  diseases  of  the  lungs. 

Lichen  Pyxida'tus,  Muscus  Pyxida'tus,  Scy- 
phoph'orus  pyxida'tus,  3Ius'culus  2)yxoi'des  ter- 
res'tris, Lichen  pyxida'tus  major  seu  cocciferus, 
Herha  Ignis,  Cup  Moss,  (F.)  Lichen  entonnoir. 
Lichen  Boitier,  L.  Pyxide.  This  plant  is  sub- 
astringent,  and  has  been  used  in  decoction  in 
hooping-cough. 

Lichen  Rbticdlatu.'!,  L.  pulmonarius. 
Lichen  Roccel'la,  Parme'lia  roccel'la,  Roc- 
cella,  li.  tincto'ria,  Seta'ria  roccella.  Litmus, 
Lacmus,  L.  tincto'rius,  Orehill,  Cuna'ry  Archell, 
Ohinney  Weed,  Herb  Archell,  (F.)  Orseille.  The 
chief  use  of  this  plant  is  as  a  blue  dye.  It  has 
been  employed  to  allay  cough  in  phthisis,  &c. 

Lichen  Saxat'ilis,  L.  tincto'rius  seu  laciniu'- 
tus,  Parme'lia  saxat'ilis,  Imbrica'ria  saxat'ilis, 
Loba'ria  saxat'ilis,  Muscics  Cra'nii  huina'ni,  Us- 
ne'a.  This  moss,  when  found  growing  on  a  human 
skull,  was  formerly  in  high  estimation  against 
head  affections,  <&c. 

Lichen  Spurius,  L.  caninus — 1.  Stellatus, 
Marchantia  polymorph  a — 1.  Tinotorius,  L.  Saxa- 
tilis— 1.  Wall,  yellow,  Parmelia  parietina. 

LICHENIASLS  ADULTORUM,  Lichen  — 1, 
Strophulus,  Strophulus. 

LICHENOIDES  ISLANDICUM,  Lichen  Is- 
landieus. 

LICKOROUS,  Libidinous. 
LICINIUM,  Tent. 
LICORICE,  Glycyrrhiza. 
LICULMEN,  Garum. 

LIEB'ENSTEIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situated  in  the  duchy  of  Saxe-Mei 
ningen,  are  amongst  the  strongest  acidulous  cha- 
lybeates  in  Germany.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  calcium,  carbonate  of  lime,  chloride  of 
magnesium,  and  carbonate  of  iron. 

LIEBERKPHN'S  GLANDS  or  FOLLICLES, 
Glan'didce  seu  Crypta  Lieberkiihnia'ncB,  so  called 
from  their  first  describer,  are  fine,  capillary,  blind 
sacs,  the  openings  of  which  are.  from  l-20th  to 
l-.30th  of  a  line  in  diameter,  so  closely  placed 
over  the  whole  of  the  small  intestine  as  to  give 
the  mucous  membrane  a  general  sieve-like  or 
perforated  appearance.  They  secrete  the  succus 
entericus. 

LIEBERSCHE  AUSZEHRUNG'S  KRAU- 
TER,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora  —  1.  Brust- 
krauter,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora. 

LIEBWERDA,  mineral  WATERS  OF. 
Liebwerda  is  a  Bohemian  village,  near  the  Sile- 
sian  frontier.  The  springs  are  much  frequented. 
There  are  four,  all  of  which  are  rich  in  carbonic 
acid,  and  contain  but  little  saline  matter. 
LIEGE,  Suber. 

LIEN  {^.),  Vin'culum.  A  band,  strap  or  gar- 
ter, used  in  certain  operations;  as  to  tie  patients 
during  the  operation  of  lithotomy  ;  to  fix  the  ap- 
paratus in  fracture,  &c.     Also,  the  spleen. 

LIEN  ACCESSORIUS,  Lienculus— 1.  Ingens, 
Splenoncus — 1.  Succenturiatus,  Lienculus. 

LIEN'CULUS,  diminutive  of  lieu,  'spleen,' 
Lien  succenturia'tus  seu  accesso'rius.  A  super- 
numerarv  spleen. 

LIENITIS,  Splenitis. 
LIENOSUS,  Splenic. 

LI'ENTERY,  Lienter'ia,  from  \itog,  'smooth,' 
'slippery,' and  EiTtpov,  'intestine'  Lm'vilas  seu 
Lax'itas  intestino'rum,  Diarrhoe'a  lienter'ia, 
Fluxus  Lienter'icus,  Chymorrhce'a  seu  Lax'itas 
ingesto'rum,  Bromatoeo' crisis,  Diarrhoe' a  Dyspep'- 
tica  seu  cum  Apepsid  seu  Ingesto'rum,  Slip'pieri- 
ness  of  the  Guts.  Frequent  liquid  evacuations, 
the  food  only  half  digested.  This  condition  is 
always    symptomatic   of  great  irritation   in   thfl 


LIERRE 


538 


LIGAMENT 


intestinal  canal,  the  sensibility  of  which  is  so 
much  augmented  that  it  cannot  bear  the  sojourn 
of  the  food  in  it. 

LIERRE,  Hedera  helix—/.  Grimjiant,  Hedera 
Ijelix — I.  Terreatre,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

LIFE,  Sax.  lip,  lyp,  Vita,  Bios,  Bi'ote,  Bi'otos, 
Zoe,  Piieuma,  Spir'itus,  (F.)  Vie.  The  state  of 
organized  beings,  during  which,  owing  to  the 
union  of  an  unknown  force  with  matter,  they 
are  capable  of  performing  functions  different 
from  those  that  regulate  other  natural  bodies ;  all 
of  which  functions,  however  numerous  and  diver- 
?ified,  work  to  one  end.  Life  has  only  a  limited 
duration ;  beyond  which, — the  organic  functions 
ceasing  to  be  executed, — the  body  is  given  up  to 
the  agency  of  chemical  affinity.  Hence  Bichat 
has  defined  life  to  be — the  aggregate  of  the  func- 
tions ichich  resist  death.  On  account  of  the  dif- 
ference that  exists  among  the  vital  functions,  he 
applied  the  term  Organic  Life  to  the  functions 
inservient  to  composition  and  decomposition ; — 
as  digestion,  respiration,  circulation,  calorifica- 
tion, absorption,  secretion,  and  nutrition ;  and 
Animal  Life,  to  the  functions  which  connect  man 
and  animals  with  external  bodies ;  as  the  under- 
standing, sensations,  locomotion  and  voice. 

Life-Blood.  a  term,  commonly  used  for  a 
twitching  or  quivering  of  the  eyelids— a  kind  of 
involuntary  or  muscular  tic.  See  Cillo. 
Life,  Duration  of,  see  Longevity. 
Life  Everlasting,  Gnaphalium  margarita- 
ceum — 1.  Everlasting,  plantain,  Antennaria  plan- 
taginifolia  —  1.  Everlasting,  sweet-scented,  Gna- 
phalium polycephalum. 

Life,  Expectation  of,  see  Longevity. 
Life-Insu'rance.  a  contract  entered  into, 
usually  by  an  insurance  company,  to  pay  a  cer- 
tain sum  of  money  on  a  person's  death,  on  the 
condition  of  his  paying  an  annual  premium 
during  his  life.  The  medical  practitioner  may 
be  applied  to  to  certify  that  the  life  of  the  insured 
is  one  that  is  insurable  according  to  the  rules  of 
the  company. 

Life  Root,  Senecio  aureus. 
Life,  Value  of,  see  Longevity,  and  Mortality. 
Life's  Blood,  Life-blood,  Cillo. 
LIG'AMENT,  Ligamen'tum  ;  from  ligare,  Uga- 
tum,  'to  bind;'  Desmos,  Syndes'mos,  Culliga'men, 
Cop'ida.     A  name   given    to  fibrous   structures, 
which  serve  to  unite  bones,  and  to  form  articula- 
tions; hence  the  division  into  interosseous  and 
articular  ligaments.     They  are  of  a  white,  close 
texture;  are  but  little  extensible,  and  difficult  to 
break.     The  name  ligament  has,  also,  been  given 
to  any  membranous  fold,  which  retains  an  organ 
In  its  situation. 

Table  op  the  Principal  Ligaments. 

(Capsular  ligament. 
Suspensory    ligament     of     the 
stylo-glossusf 
Lateral  ligament. 
Two  capsular  ligaments  between 

atlas  and  head. 
Circular  ligament. 
Two  capsular  between  atlas  and 
axis, 
"j  Perpendicular  ligament. 
Two  lateral  or  moderator  liga- 
ments. 
Transverse  ligament  and  its  ap- 
pendices. 
Anterior  common. 
Crucial  intervertebral. 
Ligaments    running    from    the 
edge  of  the  bony  arch  and  spi- 
nous process  of  one  vertebra 
to  that  of  the  next. 
I  Tnterspinous  ligament. 
I  Ligamentum  nuchse. 
I  Intertransverse. 
I  Capsular. 
[Posterior  or  internal  common. 


Connecting  the 
Head  with  the  first 
and  second  Verfe- 
hra,  and  these  with 
each  other. 


8.  Of  Hie  other  Verte- 
hrce. 


4.  Of  the  Bibs,  Ster-i 
num.  (£c.  1 


f  Capsular  of  the  head  of  ribs. 

Capsular  of  the  tubercles. 

Ligamenta  transversaria  in 
terna. 

Ligamenta  transversaria  ex- 
terna. 

Ligamenta  cervicis  costarum 
externa. 

Ligamentous  fibres  running 
ifrom  the  margins  of  tlie  ex- 
tremities of  the  ribs  to  the 
corresponding  cartilages. 

Radiated  ligaments  from  carti- 
lage of  ribs  to  the  sternum. 

Capsular  ligaments  of  the  carti- 
lages of  the  ribs. 

Proper  membrane  of  sternum. 

L.  of  cartilago-ensiformis. 

Tendinous  expansions  over  the 
intercostales,  &o. 

Two  transverse, — one  superior, 
one  inferior. 

Ilio-sacral. 

Capsular  of  the  sacro-iliac  syn- 
chondrosis. 

Two  sacro-ischiatic,  —  posterior 
and  anterior,  with  the  superior 
and  inferior  appendices. 

Longitudinal  of  os  coccygis. 

Inguinal  ligament. 

Capsular  of  symphysis  pubis. 

Ligament  of  foramen  thyroi- 
deum. 

f  Radiated  ligament. 
I  Capsular. 
Interclavicular. 

6.  Of  the  Clavicle \  Ligamentum  rhomhoideum. 

I  Clayiculo-acromial. 
I  Conoid. 
|_  Trapezoid. 

1.  Of  the  scapula {^^SS!^- 


5.  Of  the  Pelvis.. 


8.  Of   the    f'OJ^Wer-l  Capsular. 


9.  Of  the  Elbow-Joint. 


I 

{ Capsular. 

I  Bracbio-ulnar. 

I  Brachio-radial. 

I  Coronary  of  the  radius. 

I  Anterior   and    posterior    8X!ce8- 

I      sory. 

I  Intermuscular   of   the    os    hu- 

|_     meri. 

10.  Carpal  iJx^remjY)/ ("Interosseous  ligament. 

of  Radius  andVlna.)  Oblique  or  chorda  transversalis 
and.    between    those']      cubiti. 
bones.  [Capsular. 

H,     T,  J  TT  f  Capsular. 

11.  Between  Fore-arm)  ^^f^ 


and  Wrist. 


lateral. 
(Mucous. 


C  Annular. 
Capsular. 

12.  Of  the  Carpus \  Short         ligaments,  —  oblique, 

I      transverse,      capsular,       and 
|_     proper. 

13.  Between     Carpan^^^^^^^^^.^^^^^^^_ 

Tones  '"'^''  J  Straight,  perpendicular,  &c. 

14.  Between  the  extre-  ("Interosseous,  at  the  bases  and 
mities  of  the  Jleta--}  heads,  —  dorsal,  lateral,  pal- 
carpal  bones.  (.    mar. 

15.  At  the  base  of  the'] 

Metacarpal  bone  o/ I  Capsular. 

tte  Jtomfc,  ami  a«  K  a^teraL 
the  first  joiiit  oj  the  \ 

Fingers.  J 

16.  Of  the  first  and'] 
second  joints  of  the    capsular. 

b,  and  second}  rj^r^^ 


Thumb, 

and  third  joints  of  j 

the  Fingers. 


17.    Retaining       the 
Tendons      of     the 


'  Annular. 

Vaginal  or  flexor  tendons. 
Yaginal  or  crucial  of  the  pha- 
langeo. 


Musdesof  the  Sand  \  Accessory    of    the    flexor    teu- 


and 
situ. 


Fingers      in 


dons. 
Posterior  annular. 
Vaginal  of  extensors. 
Transverse  of  extensors. 


LIGAMENT 


539 


LIGHT 


19.  Of  the  Kneer  Joint 


20.  Omnecting  Fibula 
and  Tibia. 


21,  Connecting 
Tarsal  with 
Leg  Bones. 


f  Capsular  and  accessory  slips. 
18.  Connecting  the  Os  I  Round  or  teres  ligament. 
Femoris  ttrith  the  Os\  Cartilaginous  ligament. 
innmninatum.  Double  cartilaginous  ligament. 

[Ligamenta  mucosa. 
C  Lateral,  —  internal    and    exter- 
nal. 

External  short  lateral  ligar 
ment. 

Posterior  ligament. 

Ligament  of  the  patella. 

Capsular. 

Ligamentupi  alare,  —  majus  et 
minus. 

Ligamentum  mucosura. 

Two  crucial, — anterior  and  pos- 
terior.    ■ 

Transverse. 
'Capsular. 

Interosseous. 

Anterior  superior. 

Posterior  superior. 
'  Anterior  ligament  of  the  fibula. 

Posterior  of  iibula. 

Deltoides  of  tibia. 

Capsular, 
f  Capsular. 

Short  ligaments. 

Capsular,  broad  superior,  and 
latei-al  ligaments,  connecting 
asti'agalus  and  naviculare. 

Superior,  lateral,  and  inferior, 
fixing  OS  calcis  to  os  cuboides. 

Long,  oblique,  and  rliomboid, 
forming  the  inferior  liga- 
ments. 

Superior  superficial,  interosse- 
ous and  inferior  transverse 
ligaments,  fixing  the  os  navi- 
culare and  OS  cuboides. 

Superior  lateral,  and  plantar, 
which  fix  the  os  naviculare 
and  cuneiform. 

Superior  superficial  and  plan- 
tar, connecting  the  os  cu- 
boides, and  OS  cuneiforme  ex- 
ternum. 

Dorsal  and  plantar,  uniting  the 
ossa  cuneiformia. 

The  proper  capsular  of  each 
bone. 

23.    Beiiveen    TarsMs  f  ?^P™^'^''- 


22.  Of  the  Tarsus.. 


and  Metatarsus. 


Dorsal,  plantar,  lateral,  straight, 
(     oblique,  and  transverse. 


(Dorsal,     plantar,     and    lateral, 
connecting     the     metatarsal 
bones. 
Transverse  ligaments. 
25.'  Of  the  Phalanges  f  Capsular. 
of  the  Toes.  ( Lateral. 

Annular. 
Taginal  of  the  tendons  of  the 

peronei. 
Laciniated. 

Vaginal   of   the  tendon  of  the 
flexor  longus  pollicis. 


26.    Hetaining 
Tendons      of 


Muscle  of  the  Foot^  Paginal  and  crucial  of  the  ten- 


and  Toes  in  situ. 


dons  of  the  flexors  of  the 
toes. 

Accessory  of  the  flexor  tendons 
of  the  toes. 

Transverse  of  the  extensor  ten- 
dons. 


Ligament,  anterior,  of  the  Bladder.  A 
name  given  by  the  older  anatomists  to  a  por- 
tion of  the  superior  pelvic  aponeurosis,  which 
becomes  attached  to  the  front  of  the  neck  of  the 
bladder. 

LIGAMENT  ARTERIEL,  Arterial  ligament 
— 1.  Camper's,  Perineal  fascia — 1.  Cervical  supra- 
epinal,  see  Supraspinosa  ligamenta  —  I.  Ciliaire, 
Ciliary  ligament. 

Ligament,  Cor'onary,  of  the  Liver,  is  a  re- 
flection formed  by  the  peritoneum,  between  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  liver,  and  the  lower  sur- 
face of  the  diaphragm.     See  Falx. 

Ligament,  Costo-xiphoid,  Xiphoid  ligament 
— 1.  Dentele,  Denticulatum  ligamentum — I.  Den- 
ticule,     Denticulatum     ligamentum — 1.    Dorso- 


lumbo-supraspinal,  see  Supra-spinosa  ligamenta 

—  1.  of  Fallopius,  Crural  arch  —  1.  Gimbernat's, 
see  Gimbernat's  ligament — 1.  Glossepiglottic.  see 
Glossepiglottic — 1.  Infra-pubian,  Triangular  liga- 
ment—  I.  Interepineur,  Interspinal  ligament  —  1, 
of  the  Ovary,  see  Ovarium — ^1.  Palmar  inferior. 
Metacarpal  ligament  —  1.  Poupart's,  Crural  arch 
— I.  Bond,  Teres  ligamentum — I.  Sur-epineux  cer- 
vical, see  Supra-spinosa  ligamenta — I.  Sin-epi- 
neux-dorso-lomhaire,  see  Supra-spinosa  ligamenta 
— 1.  Suspensory,  of  the  liver,  see  Suspensory — 1. 
Triangular,  Perineal  fascia. 

LIGAMENTA  ALARIA,  Odontoid  ligaments 

—  1.  Apicum,  see  Interspinal  ligament  —  1.  Coli- 
see  Colon — 1.  Interlobularia  pulmonum,  Interlo- 
bular tissue  —  L  Intervertebralia,  Intervertebral 
cartilages — 1.  Lata  uteri,  see  Uterus  —  1.  Mau- 
charti.  Odontoid  ligaments —-1.  Piotunda  uteri, 
Round  ligaments  of  the  uterus  —  1.  Tarsea  lata, 
see  Tarsea  lata  (ligamenta). 

LIGAMENT E IJX,  Ligamentous. 

LIGAMENTOSUS,  Ligamentous. 

LIGAMEN'TOUS,  Ligamento'sus,  Desmans, 
Desmo'sns,  (P.)  Ligamenieux,  Deameiix.  Having 
the  character  of,  or  relating  to,  a  ligament. 

LIGAMENTS,  BROAD,  OF  THE  UTERUS, 
see  Uterus — I.  Croises,  Crucial  ligaments — I.  Cru- 
ciformes.  Crucial  ligaments  —  I.  Jannes,  Yellow 
ligaments  —  I.  Larges  de  I'uterus,  see  Uterus — 1. 
of  the  Larynx,  inferior,  Thyreo-arytenoid  liga- 
ments— I.  lionds  de  Vuterus,  Round  ligaments  of 
the  uterus. 

LIGAMENTUM,  Ligament  — 1.  Arteriosum, 
see  Arterial  duct — 1.  Capsulare,  Capsular  ligament 
— 1.  Ciliare,  Ciliary  ligament — 1.  Conoides,"Conoid 
ligament — 1.  Dentatum,  Denticulatum  ligamen- 
tum—  1.  Fallopii,  Crural  arch  —  1.  Iridis,  Ciliary 
ligament — 1.  Latum,  Suspensory  ligament  of  the 
liver — 1.  Membranaceum,  Glosso-epiglottio  liga- 
ment— 1.  Nuchas,  Cervical  ligament — 1.  Posticum 
Winslowii,  see  Genu  —  1.  Suspensorium  dentis, 
see  Odontoid  ligaments — 1.  Suspensorium  hepatis, 
Suspensory  ligament  of  the  liver — 1.  Suspenso- 
rium testis,  Gubernaculum  testis — 1.  Teres,  Teres 
ligamentum — 1.  Trapezoides,  Trapezoid  ligament 
— 1.  Triangulare,  Triangular  ligament. 

LIGATE,  see  Ligature. 

LIGATIO,  Fascia,  Ligature — 1.  LinguaB,  Apho- 
nia. 

LIGATION,  see  Ligature. 

LIGATURA,  Ligature,  Fasoia— L  Glandis, 
Phimosis. 

LIG'ATURE,  Ligatu'ra,  Liga'tio,  Alligatu'ra, 
Beliga'tlo,  Vinctu'ra,  Fascia,  Epid'esis.  This 
word  has  various  acceptations.  It  means,  I.  The 
thread  with  which  an  artery  or  vein  is  tied,  to 
prevent  or  arrest  hemorrhage.  2.  The  cord,  or 
thread,  or  wire,  used  for  removing  tumours,  &c. 
3.  The  bandage  used  for  phlebotomy.  Ligature 
is,  also,  sometimes  applied  to  the  act  of  tying  an 
artery  or  considerable  vessel — Liga'tion,  and  oc- 
casionally we  meet  with  the  terms  to  ligature  and 
to  ligate,  used  unnecessarily  in  this  sense,  in  place 
of  to  take  up  or  tie  a  vessel.  When  the  artery 
alone  is  tied,  the  ligature  is  said  to  be  immediate; 
when  any  of  the  surrounding  parts  are  included, 
itissaidto  be  mediate.  The  ligature  occasions 
obliteration  or  adhesion  of  the  arterial  parietes, 
by  cutting  through  the  middle  and  internal  coats  ; 
the  adhesion  being  favoured  by  the  formation  of 
a  coagulum,  which  acts,  in  some  degree,  as  a 
barrier  against  the  impulse  of  the  blood,  and  sub- 
sequently disappears  by  absorption. 

LIGHT.  Sax.  leohc,  liht,  (G.)  Licht,  Lut 
Lumen,  Phos,  (P.)  Lnmiere.  An  extremely  rare 
fluid;  diffused  over  the  universe  ;  emanating  from 
the  sun  and  fixed  stars;  traversing  more  than 
four  millions  of  leagues  in  a  minute;  passing 
through  transparent  bodies,  which  refract  it  ac- 


LIGHTNING 


540 


LIMATIO 


cording  to  their  density  and  combustibility;  and 
arrested  by  opake  bodies,  by  which  it  is  reflected 
at  an  angle  equal  to  the  angle  of  incidence.  It 
IS  the  cause  of  colour  in  all  bodies,  being  entirely 
reflected  by  white  surfaces  and  absorbed  by  black. 
It  is  decomposed  in  passing  through  a  transpa- 
rent prism  into  seven  rays — red,  orange,  yellow, 
green,  blue,  purple,  and  violet. 

Light  acts  upon  the  body  as  a  gentle  and  salu- 
tary stimulus.  It  urges  to  exercise,  whilst  pri- 
vation of  it  induces  sleep  and  inactivity,  and  dis- 
poses to  obesity.  Hence  it  is,  that,  in  rural  eco- 
nomy, animals  which  are  undergoing  the  process 
of  fattening  are  kept  in  obscurity.  When  vege- 
tables are  deprived  of  light,  their  nutrition  is  in- 
terfered with,  and  they  beeon>e  etiolated.  To  a 
certain  extent  this  applies  to  animals,  and  there 
is  every  reason  to  believe,  that  want  of  light  pre- 
vents the  due  development  of  organized  bodies. 
It  has  been  found  that,  when  tadpoles  were  de- 
prived of  light,  they'did  not  undergo  the  perfect 
metamorphosis  into  the  frog,  but  that  monstrosi- 
ties from  arrest  of  development  were  induced. 
LIGHTNING,  Astrape. 

LIGHTS,  Pulmo— 1.  Rising  of  the,  Cynanche 
trachealis. 

LIGNE,  Line  —  ?.  Aprc,  Linea  aspera  — ^ 
Blanche,  Linea  alba — I.  Courbe,  Curved  line  —  I. 
Ifediane  de  I'ahdomen,  Linea  alba  —  I.  Sous-tro- 
chanterienne,  Linea  aspera, 

LIG'NEOUS,  Ligiio'sux,  (F.)  Ligiieux.  Woody. 
Having  the  character  or  appearance  of  wood;  as 
'  Ligne'ous  Scirrhus,'  or  S.  of  the  mamma,  which 
has  for  its  principal  characteristics,  hardness,  the 
inextensibility  of  wood,  and  no  defined  limits. — 
Velpeau.  A  form  of  this,  in  plates,  or  diffused 
over  the  mammary  integuments,  is  termed,  by 
M.  Velpeau,  Squirre  en  ciiifasse. 

LIGNIN,  from  lignum,  'wood.'  Ligneous  or 
woody  fibre ;  the  fibrous  structure  of  vegetable 
substances. 

LIGNUM  ALOES,  Agallochum— 1.  Aspalathi, 
Agallochum — 1.  Benedictum,  Guaiacum — 1.  Brasi- 
lianum  rubrum,  Hfematoxylon  campeehianum — 
I.  Cseruleum,  Hrematoxylon  campeehianum  —  1. 
Campechense,  Htematoxylon  campeehianum  —  1. 
Campeehianum,  Hasmatoxylon  campeehianum  — 
1.  Campescanum,  Haematoxylon  campeehianum— 
1.  Colubrinum,  see  Strychnos  —  1.  Febrifugum, 
Quassia  —  1.  Hajmatoxyli,  Hasmatoxylon  campe- 
ehianum— 1.  Indicum,  Guaiacum,  Hasmatoxylon 
campeehianum — 1.  Infelix,  Sambucus — 1.  Nephri- 
ticum,  Guilandina  Moringa  (the  wood) — 1.  Pava- 
nse,  Croton  tiglium — 1.  Quassia?,  see  Quassia  —  1. 
Sanctum,  Guaiacum  —  1.  Sandalinum,  see  Ptero- 
carpus  santalinus— 1.  Sappan,  Hrematoxylon  cam- 
peehianum— 1.  Serpentum,  Ophioxylum  serpenti- 
num — 1.  Vitaa,  Guaiacum. 
LIGNYODES,  Fuliginous. 
LIGNYS,  Fuligo. 

LIG'ULA,  Lin'gida,  'a.  small  tongue,  a  tongue 
of  land;  the  tongue  of  a  shoe.'  The  clavicle; 
also,  the  glottis  and  epiglottis.  A  measure  con- 
taining 3  drachms  and  a  scruple,  or  about  half 
an  ounce.  Also,  a  species  of  bandage  or  ligature. 
— Scribonius. 

LIGUSTICUM,  L.  Levistieum. 
LiGusTicuM  Act^ifo'lium.   Thas'pium  actcei- 
fo'lium,  Angel' ica  la'cida,  Angel'ica  Nendo,  White 
root,  indigenous  ;   Ord.  Umbelliferaj.    The  root  is 
aromatic  and  carminative. 

LiGosTicuM  Capillaceum,  ^thusa  meum — I. 
Carvi,  Carum — 1.  Foeniculum,  Anethum. 

Ligus'ticum  Lrvis'ticum,  from  Aiyuoricoj,  ap- 
pertaining to  Liguria.  Levis'ticum,  Laserj^itium 
German'ieum,  Ligitsticuni,  Angel'ica  levis'ticum 
seu  paludapi/o'iia.  Lavage,  (F.)  Liveche,  Ache 
des  monta^nes,      Ord.   Umbelliferte.      The   pro- 


perties of  this  plant  are  said  to  be  stimulant,  car- 
minative, emmenagogue,  &c. 

LiGUSTicDM  Meum,  ^thusa  meum — 1.  Phellan- 
drium,  Phellandrium  aquaticum. 

LiGDSTicuM  PoDA6RA'RiA,Poc?a(/ra')-?a cegopo'- 
diiim,  jEgo2)o' dium  seu  Sison  podagra'ria,  Pim- 
pinel'la  angelicafo'lia,  Sium  vulga'>-e,  TragoseW- 
num  angel'ica,  Ses'eli  cBgopo'diiim,  Angel'ica  syl- 
vestris,  Gottt-weed.  A  British  plant,  once  con- 
sidered useful  in  cases  of  gout. 

LiGOSTicuM  SiLAUS,  Peucedanum  silaus. 
LIGUSTRUM  ^GYPTIACUM,  Lawsonia  in- 
ermis. 

Ligus'trum  Vulga're,  Privet,  Privy,  Prim, 
(F.)  Troene.  Ord.  Oleacese.  A  shrub,  which 
grows  wild  both  in  Europe  and  in  the  United 
States,  usually  in  hedges.  The  leaves  are  astrin- 
gent and  bitter;  and  the  flowers,  which  are  snow- 
white,  and  of  an  agreeable  odour,  have  been  em- 
ployed in  decoction,  in  sore  throat,  and  ulcerous 
stomatitis.  The  berries  are  said  to  be  cathartic. 
LIGYSMA,  Distortion. 

LILAC,  COMMON,  Syringa  vulgaris— 1.  Vul- 
garis, Syringa  vulgaris. 
LILI,  Lilium  Paracelsi. 

LILIA'GO.     Dim.  oi  Lil'inm,  the  lihj ;  Spi- 
derwort ;  Liliaa'trum.     This  plant  was  formerly 
said  to  be  alexipharmic  and  carminative. 
LILTASTRUM,  Liliago. 

LIL'IUM  CAN'DIDUM,  L.  album,  Criiion. 
The  icJiite  lily.  (F.)  Lis  hlanc.  Ord.  LiliaceEe. 
The  infusion  of  the  flowers  of  the  lily  in  olive  oil 
is  emollient,  and  often  applied  externally,  under 
the  name  of  Lily  oil,  (F.)  Huile  de  lis.  The 
scales  of  the  bulb,  roasted,  are  sometimes  em- 
ployed as  maturatives. 

Ltlium  Convallium,  Convallaria  maialis. 
Lilium  Paracel'si,  Tinctn'ra  3Ietallo'rum, 
Lili.  A  medicine  employed  by  Paracelsus.  It 
was  prepared  by  melting  in  a  crucible  four  ounce's 
of  each  of  the  following  alloys:  Antimony  and 
iron,  antimony  and  tin,  antimony  and  copper,  pre- 
viously mixed  with  eighteen  ounces  of  nitrate  of 
potassa  and  as  much  salt  of  tartar.  The  melted 
mass,  when  pulverized,  was  treated  with  rectified 
alcohol,  which  really  dissolved  only  the  potassa  set 
at  liberty  by  the  decomposition  experienced  by 
the  nitre  and  salt  of  tartar.  The  Lilium  Paracelsi 
was  used  as  a  cordial.  It  entered  into  the  com- 
position of  the  theriacal  elixir,  &c. 

LILY,  GROUND,  Trillium  latifolium— 1.  May, 
Convallaria  maialis — 1.  Pond,  Nelumbium  luteum 
— 1.  Pond,  White,  Nymphaja  odorata  —  1.  Pond, 
yellow,  Nuphar  advena  —  1.  Toad,  Nymphsea 
odorata — 1.  of  the  Valley,  Convallaria  maialis — 1. 
Water,  little,  Brasenia  hydropeltis  —  1.  Water, 
sweet,  Nympha^a  odorata  —  1.  AVater,  sweet- 
scented,  Nympha?aodorata — 1. Water, white,  Nj-m- 
phaja  alba — 1.  Water,  yellow,  Nymphasa  lutea — 1. 
White,  Lilium  eandidum,  Nelumbium  luteum. 

LIMA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  Peru 
does  not  appear  to  be  favourable  to  the  genera- 
tion of  consumption  :  and  Lima  would  seem  to 
be  a  good  residence  for  the  phthisical  valetudina- 
rian. Many  have  been  benefited  by  a  residence 
there  ;  but  when  they  have  gone  farther  south,  as 
to  Chili,  the  efifect,  according  to  Dr.  M.  Burrough, 
has  generally  been  fatal.. 

LIMA  DENTARIA,  Sealprum  dentarium. 
LniAGIEN  (F.),  from  limacon,  {Umax,  lima- 
cis,    'the    snail,')    'the    cochlea   of  the  ear.'     A 
branch  of  the  acoustic  or  labyrinthic  nerve  sent 
to  the  cochlea. 

LBfAgOlSf,  Cochlea,  Helix  pomatia,  Limax — 
I.  Ilampes  du,  see  Cochlea. 

LIMACUM  CORNUA,  see  Lachrymal  puncta. 
LIMANCHIA,  Abstinence. 
LIMA'TIO,  from  limo,  limatum,  'to  file.'     Fi- 
ling :  an  operation  employed  by  the  dentist  moro 


LIMATURA   FERRI 


5  41 


LINGUAL 


especially  to  prevent  immediate  contact  of  the 
teeth  with  each  other. 

LIMATURA  FERRI,  Fern  Limatura. 

LIMAX,  Xcijia^,  XtifiaKoq,  Helix,  Slug  or  Snail, 
(F.)  LimaQon,  GolimaQon,  Escargot.  A  syrup  has 
been  prepared  from  these  animals,  which  has  been 
given  in  phthisis,  &o.  The  raw  snails  have  also 
been  taken  in  consumption.  They  have  been 
used  as  food. 

LIMB,  Membrum. 

LIMBUS  ALVEOLARIS,  Alveolar  border— 
1.  Fossae  Ovalis,  see  Ovalis  fossa  —  1.  Luteus  re- 
tinae, see  Foramen  centrale — 1.  Posterior  corporis 
striati,  T^nia  semicircularis. 

LIME.  A  fruit  like  a  small  lemon,  the  juice 
of  which  is  strongly  acid,  and  is  much  used  for 
making  punch.  It  is,  also,  used  in  long  voyages 
as  an  antiscorbutic,  <fec.  It  is  a  species  of  lemon, 
the  fruit  of  Citrus  acida. 

Lime,  Calx — 1.  Carbonate  of,  Creta — 1.  Chloride 
of,  Calais  chloridum — 1.  Chlorite  of,  Calcis  chlo- 
ridum — 1.  Chloruret  of,  Calcis  chloridum — 1.  Hy- 
drate of,  see  Calx  —  1.  Hydrosulphate  of,  Calcis 
Eulphuretum  —  1.  Hypochlorite  of,  Calcis  chlori- 
dum— 1.  Muriate  of,  solution  of,  see  Calcis  murias 
— 1.  O-xymuriate  of,  Calcis  chloridum — 1.  Phos- 
phate of,  see  Cornu  ustum — 1.  Bone  phosphate 
of,  see  Cornu  ustum — 1.  Slaked,  see  Calx — 1.  Sul- 
phuret  of,  Calcis  sulphuretum. 

Lime  Tree,  Tilia — 1.  Water,  Liquor  calcis  —  1. 
Water,  compound,  Liquor  calcis  compositus. 

LIMICUS,  Hungry. 

LIMITROPHES,  see  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

LIMNE,  Marsh. 

LIMNE'MIC,  LimncB'mic,  Limnlie'inic,  Lim- 
nm'micHs,  LimnhcR'micus,  from  \iiivrj,  '  a  marsh,' 
and  'aifxa,  'blood.'  An  epithet  given  to  affections 
induced  by  paludal  emanations ;  (F.)  Affections 
limnhemiqties. 

LIMOCTON'IA,  Abstinence.  Abstinence  to 
death.  Death  from  hunger;  from  Ai//of,  'hunger,' 
and  KTovo;,  'death.'     Suicide  by  hunger. 

LIMODES,  Hungry. 

LIMOiSr,  see  Citrus  mediea. 

LIMONADA,  Lemonade. 

LIMONADE,  Lemonade — I.  Gazeuse,  see  Le- 
monade—  I.  SecJie,  Lemonade,  dry;  see  Citric 
acid. 

LIMOiSTIUM,  Statice  limonium— 1.  Malum,  see 
Citrus  mediea. 

LIMONUM  BACCA,  see  Citrus  mediea. 

LIMO-PHTHI'SIS,  from  Xi/^o?,  '  hunger,'  and 
(jiQiaig,  'wasting.'  Wasting  from  privation  of 
food. 

LIMOS,  Xi/iof,  'hunger.'     Hence: 

LIMO'SIS,  Stomach  disease,  Morbid  appetite. 
A  genus  in  the  class  Oceliaoa,  order  Enterica,  of 
Good. 

LiMosis  Cardialgia  Mordexs,  Cardialgia  —  1. 
Cardialgia  sputatoria,  Pyrosis — 1.  Dyspepsia,  Dys- 
pepsia— 1.  Expers,  Anorexia — -1.  Expers  protracta. 
Fasting  —  1.  Flatus,  Flatulence  —  1.  Helluonum, 
Gluttony — 1.  Pica,  Malacia. 

LIMOTHERAPEI'A,  NeHitherapei'a,  Nesto- 
iliernpei'a,  Nestiatria,  Peinotherapi'a,  Cura'tio 
morbi  per  ine'diam,  from  limos,  and  ^cpantia, 
'treatment.'     Hunger-cure.     Cure  by  fasting. 

LIMUS,  Limos, 

LIN,  Linum  usitatissimum — I.  Graines  de,  see 
Linum  usitatissimum — I.  Purgatif,  Linum  eathar- 
ticum. 

LTNATRE,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

LINAMENTUM,  Linteum. 

LINARIA,  Antirhinum  linaria  —  1.  Cymbala- 
ria,  Antirhinum  linaria  —  1.  Elatine,  Antirhinum 
elatine — 1.  Vulgaris,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

LINCTUARIUM,  Eclectos. 

LINCTUS,  Eclectos— 1.  Albus,  Looch  album— 
1.  Amjo:dalinus,  Looch  album — 1.  ad  Aphthas, 


Mel  boracis — 1.  de  Borace,  Mel  boracis — 1.  Com- 
munis, Looch  album. 

LINDEN  TREE,  Tilia,  Tilia  Americana. 

LINE,  Lin'ea,  Gramme,  (F.)  Ligne.  Extent 
in  length,  considered  without  regard  to  breadth 
or  thickness.  As  a  measure,  it  means  the  12tb 
part  of  an  inch. 

Median  Line  of  the  Body  is  an  imaginary 
line  supposed  to  set  out  from  the  top  of  the  head 
and  to  fall  between  the  feet,  so  as  to  divide  the 
body  vertically  into  two  equal  and  symmetrical 
parts. 

LINEA,  Line. 

LiNEA  Alba,  Linen  alha  Ahdom'inis,  (F.) 
Ligne  hlanehe  ou  mediane  de  I'ahdoinen  (Ch.), 
Candid'ula  ahdom'inis  lin'ea,  Lin'ea  cenfra'lis. 
A  tendinous,  strong,  and  highly  resisting  cord  ; 
extending  from  the  ensiform  cartilage  of  the  ster- 
num to  the  symphysis  pubis,  with  the  umbilicus 
near  its  middle.  The  linea  alba  is  formed  by  the 
decussation  of  the  aponeurosis  of  the  abdominal 
muscles ;  and  its  use  is  to  limit  the  movement  of 
the  chest  backwards  ;  to  prevent  it  from  separa- 
ting too  far  from  the  pelvis,  and  to  furnish  a  fixed 
point  for  the  muscles  of  the  abdomen  in  their 
contraction. 

Linea  As'perA,  Ragged  ridge,  (F.)  Ligne  dpre, 
Ligne  sons-trneJianterienne,  (Ch.)  A  rough  pro- 
jection at  the  posterior  surface  of  the  femur, 
which  gives  attachment  to  muscles. 

Linea  Candidula  Abdominis,  L.  alba — 1.  Cen- 
tralis, L.  alba — 1.  Innominata,  Ilio-pectinea 
Linea. 

LINE^  ARCUATiE,  Curved  lines— 1.  Semi- 
circulares  externse.  Curved  lines. 

LinEjE  Semiluna'res  are  the  lines,  which 
bound  the  outer  margin  of  the  recti  muscles  of 
the  abdomen.  They  are  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  abdominal  tendons.  The  lines  which  cross 
these  muscles  are  called  Lineae  transver'scF. 

LinEjE  TiB'iiE,  An'guli  tih'icB.  Sharp  lines  on 
the  tibia. 

LiNE.E  Transversa,  see  L.  semilunares,  and 
Processus  teretes. 

LINE  AIRE,  Linear. 

LIN'EAMENT,  Lineamen'tnm,  from  linea,  'a 
line,'  lineare,  'to  mark  by  lines.'  A  delicate  trait 
observed  on  the  countenance,  which  constitutes 
its  special  character,  enables  us  to  preserve  its 
image,  and  is  the  cause  of  resemblance  to  others. 
A  feature. 

Bonnet  gave  the  name  Lineament  to  the  first 
traces  of  organization  in  the  embrj'o  of  man  and 
animals. 

LIN'EAB,  Linea'ris,  Linea'rius,  from  linea, 
'aline.'  (F).  Lineaire.  Pathologists  apply  the 
epithet  linear  to  fractures  which  are  very  narrow, 
and  in  which  the  fragments  are  scarcely  sepa- 
rated. 

LINE'OLA;  a  diminutive  of  linea,  'a  line.'  A 
small  line. 

Line'oLjE  MAMifA'Rrir.  The  white  lines  on  the 
breasts. 

LINGISM,  Kinesipathy. 

LINGUA,  Tongue  —  1.  Avis,  see  Fraxinus  ex- 
celsior— 1.  Bovis,  Anchusa  officinalis — 1.  Canina, 
Cynoglossum  —  1.  Cervina,  Asplenium  seolopen- 
drium  —  1.  Exigua,  Epiglottis  —  1.  Prognosis  ex, 
Glossomantia — 1.  Serpentaria,  Ophioglossum  vul- 
gatum. 

Linguae  Detentor,  Glossocatoehuj  —  1.  Exon- 
cosis,  Glossoncus — 1.  Scalpium,  Cure-lajigne. 

LIN'GUAL,  Lingiin'lis,  from  lingua,  'the 
tongue.'     Relating  or  belonging  to  the  tongue. 

Lingual  Ar'tery,  Arte'ria  lingua'lis,  arises 
from  the  external  carotid;  and,  after  several  tor- 
tuosities, reaches  the  base  of  the  tongue,  becomes 
horizontal,  and,  under  the  name  Raninc,  advances 


LIXGUALIS 


5  4  2 


LINIMENTUM 


to  the  tip,  where  it  anastomoses  with  its  fellow. 
In  its  course,  it  gives  off  the  Dorsalis  lingua  and 
iuhlingital. 

Lingual  Muscle,  Lingua'lis,  Basio-glossus 
(Cowper),  Glossia' Hus,  is  a  small,  long,  fasciculus 
of  fibres,  hidden  beneath  the  sides  of  the  tongue, 
between  the  hyoglossus  and  styloglossus  mus- 
cles, which  are  on  the  outside,  and  the  genioglos- 
sus,  within.  This  muscle  passes  from  the  base  to 
the  tip  of  the  tongue;  and,  at  its  sides,  is  con- 
fonnded  with  the  muscles  just  referred  to.  It 
shortens  the  tongue,  depresses  its  point,  and  can 
carry  it  to  the  right  or  left  side. 

Lingual  Xerve  is  a  name  which  has  been 
given  to  the  ninth  pair  or  hypoglossus.  It 
is,  also,  a  term  applied  to  a  branch  given  off 
from  the  Inferior  maxillary,  or  third  branch 
of  the  iifth  pair.  Near  its  origin  it  anastomoses 
with,  or  simply  runs  close  to,  the  chorda  tym- 
pani.  It  afterwards  gives  off  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  filaments,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
tongue,  and  some  of  which  are  said  to  have  been 
even  traced  as  far  as  the  papillfe;  —  a  distribu- 
tion which  has  occasioned  it  to  be  regarded  as 
the  Gus'tatory  nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  gustatif. 

Lingual  Salivary  Glands,  see  Salivary 
glands. 

Lingual  Vein  follows  nearly  the  same  distri- 
bution as  the  artery.  It  opens  into  the  internal 
jugular. 

LINGJUALIS,  Lingual  muscle. 

LINGUETTA  LAMINOSA,  Lingula. 

LINGULA,  Ligula. 

Lin'gula,  Lingnet'ta  lamino'sa.  A  thin,  trans- 
versely grooved  lobule  of  gray  substance,  de- 
rived from  the  anterior  border  of  the  cerebellum, 
which,  for  a  short  distance,  lies  over  the  velum 
medullare  anterius. 

Lingula  Fistula,  Epiglottis. 

LINI  USITATISSIMI  SEMINA,  see  Linum 
usitatissimum. 

LIN'IMENT,  Lininien'tum,  Litus,  EncTiris'tnn, 
Catacliris'ton,  Perich'risis,  Perichri8'ton,Aleiph'a, 
Aleim'ma,  Enchris'ta,  Fricinm,  Frieato'rium,  Iii- 
unc'tio,  from  linire,  Unitum,  'to  anoint  gently,' 
'to  anoint.'  An  unctuous  medicine,  containing 
usually  oil  or  lard,  which  is  used  externally  in 
the  form  of  friction. 

Liniment  of  Amiionia,  Cosipound,  see  Lotion, 
Granville's. 

LimMENT  AJTMONIACAL,  Linimentum 
ammoniee  —  I.  de  Carbonate  d'Ammoniaqae,  Li- 
nimentum ammonise  carbonatis. 

Liniment,  Anodyne,  Linimentum  opii. 

LINT  ME  NT  ANTIHEMORRHOID  ALE 
DE  SIEUR  ANDRT,  _(F.)  This  is  formed  of 
Narhonne  honey,  Olive  oil,  and  Turpentine. 

LINIMENT  ANTIPARALYTIQUE,  (F.) 
Composed  of  suhcarbonate  of  ammonia,  alcoholized 
oil,  black  soap,  and  oil  of  rosemary. 

Liniment,  Antiscrof'ulous,  op  Hufbland. 
Composed  of  fresh  ox-gall,  White  soap,  Un- 
gnentum  alfhce'ee,  Volatile  oil  of  petroleum,  Car- 
bonate of  ammonia,  and  Camphor. 

LINIMENT  CALOAIRE,  Linimentum  aquae 
ealcis  —  1.  Camphor,  Linimentum  camphorse  —  I. 
Camphre,  Linimentum  camphorse — 1.  of  Cantha- 
rides,  camphorated,  Linimentum  e  cantharidibus 
camphoratum — I.  Cantharide  camphre,  Linimen- 
tum e  cantharidibus  camphoratum — 1.  Croton  oil, 
Linimentum  crotonis  —  I.  d' Eau  de  chatix,  Lini- 
mentum aquse  caleis — 1.  of  Limowater,  Linimen- 
tum aquE8  caleis — I.  de  Mercure,  Linimentum  hy- 
drargyri  —  1.  Mercurial,  Linimentum  hydrargyri 
—  I.  Olio-ealcaire,  Linimentum  aquae  caleis — 1. 
of  Opium,  Linimentum  opii. 

LINIMENT  RESOLUTIF  DE  POTT,  ooui- 


posed  of  oil  of  ftn'pentine  and  muriatic  acid.  Used 
in  rheumatism,  swellings,  &c,. 

Liniment,  Saint  John  Long's.  A  liniment 
used  by  a  celebrated  empiric  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  second  quarter  of  the  19th  century. 
It  is  said  to  have  consisted  of  oil  of  turpentine 
and  acetic  acid,  held  in  suspension  by  yolk  of 
egsr.     It  was  a  powerful  counter-irritant. 

tlNIMENT  DE  SA  VON,  Linimentum  sapo- 
nis  compositum — I.  de  Savon  opiace,  Linimentum 
saponis  et  opii. 

LIN13/ENT  SAVONNEUX  EYDEOSUL- 
FURE  DE  JADELOT.  Composed  of  su?pAurc« 
of  potass,  ,^vj;  white  soap,  H)ij  ;  oil  of  poppy, 
Ibiv  ;  oil  of  thyme,  gij.     Used  in  itch. 

Liniment,  Simple,  Linimentum  simplex  —  1. 
Soap,  Linimentum  saponis  —  1.  Soap  and  opium, 
Linimentum  saponis  et  opii — 1.  Soap,  compound, 
Linimentum  saponis  compos. — 1.  .Turpentine,  Li- 
nimentum terebinthinae — 1.  of  Verdigris,  Lini- 
mentum feruginis  —  I.  de  Vert-de-gris,  lAmmQXi' 
tum  aeruginis — I.  Volatil,  Linimentum  ammonias 
fortius. 

LINIMENTUM,  Liniment. 

Linimen'tum  iERu'GiNis,  Ox'ymel  ^ru'gtnia, 
Unguen'tum  yEgyptiacum,  Melli'tum  de  aceta'te 
eupri,  Liniment  of  verdigris,  (F.)  Liniment  de 
Vert-de-gris,  3Iiel  d'acetate  de  cuivre.  (jErngiu. 
cont.  "^i  ;  acet.  3vij  ;  mellis  despium.  pond.  ,^xiv. 
Liquefied,  strained,  and  inspissated  by  boiling. — 
Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  an  escharotic  and  deter- 
gent;—  diluted,  as  a  gargle  in  venereal  ulcera- 
tions and  in  foul  ulcers. 

Linimentum  Album,  Ceratum  cetacei,  Unguen- 
tum  cetacei — 1.  ad  Ambustiones,  L.  aqu£e  caleis. 

Linimentum  Ammo'ni^,  Sapo  ammoniaca'lis, 
Linimen'tum  ammonia'tum  sen  ammo'nicnm  seu 
Anglica'num,  Sapo  ammo'nim  olea'ceus,  Unguen'- 
tum album  resol'vens,  Oleum  ammonia'tum.  Strong 
liniment  of  ammonia,  (F.)  Liniment  volatil  oil 
ammoniacal,  Savon  ammoniaeal.  {Liq.  ammon. 
fgj;  olei  olivce,  f.^ij.  Mix.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  A 
stimulating  and  rubefacient  soap. 

Linimentum  Ammo'ni^  Carbona'tis,  Liniment 
of  subcarb'onate  of  ammo'nia,  Linitnentum  am- 
mo'nias  sesquicarbona'tis,  L.  volat'ile.  Hartshorn 
and  oil.  (F.)  Liniment  de  carbonate  d'ammoni- 
aqne.  (Sol.ut.  subcarb.  amnion,  f^j  ;  olei  oliv. 
f^^iij.  Shake  till  they  unite. — Ph.  L.)  A  stimu- 
lating liniment,  mostly  used  to  relieve  rheumatic 
pains,  bruises,  &c. 

Linimentum  Ammonite  Compositum,  see  Gran- 
ville's Lotion  —  1.  Ammonise  Sesquicarbonatis, 
Linimentum  Ammonias  Carbonatis — 1.  Ammoni- 
atum  seu  Ammonicum,  L.  Ammoniae  fortis  —  1. 
Anglicanum,  L.  Ammonise  fortis — 1.  ad  Aphthas, 
Mel  boracis. 

Linimentum  AquiE  Calcis,-C.  Caleis  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
L.  ad  ambustio'nes.  Oleum  lini  cum  calce,  Sajio 
calca'rius.  Liniment  of  limewater,  Carron  oil, 
(because  much  used  in  the  Carron  iron  works  in 
Scotland),  (F.)  Liniment  d'eau  de  chaux,  Savon 
ca.lcaire,  Liniment  calcaire  ou  oleo-calcaire. 
{Olei  lini,  aqua  caleis,  aa  f^'j-  Misce.)  A 
cooling  and  emollient  application  to  burns  and 
scalds. 

Linimentum  Arc^i,  Unguentum  elemi  com- 
positum—  1.  de  Horace,  Mel  boracis — 1.  Caleis, 
L.  aquse  caleis. 

Linimentum  Cam'phor^,  Oleum  Camp)hora'tum, 
Solu'tio  campthorcB  oleo'sa,  Camphor  liniment,  (F.) 
Liniment  Camphre,  [Campliorm,  ^\r ;  olei  olira, 
fgij.  Dissolve.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  used  as  a 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

LiNiMENTUjr  Cam'phor^  Compor'itum,  Ward's 
essence  for  the  headache,  Compound  camphor  lini- 
ment.    {Canuyhor.   ,fiiss;   ol.    Lavand.    f .^j ;    Sp. 
rectijicat.  f3xvij  ;  Liquor  ammon.  fortior.  f§iij. 
i  Dissolve  the  camphor  and  oil  in  the  spirit ;  add 


LINIMENTUM 


543 


LIP 


the   ammnnia,   and    shake  till  they  are  mixed.  I 
Ph.  L.)     It  is  stimulant  and  discutient. 

LiNlMENTUjr  Caxthar'idis,  Liniment  of  Spanish 
Flies.  {Cantlinrid.  in  pulv.  §j ;  01.  Terebinth. 
Oss.  Digest  for  three  hours  by  means  of  a  water- 
bath,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  an  exci- 
tant liniment  in  typhus,  &c. 

LiNIMENTtTM     E      CaNTHARID'IBUS     CaMPHORA'- 

TUJr,  Camph' orated  liniment  of  canthar' ides,  (F.) 
L.  cantharide  camphre.  (Tinct.  cantharid.  ^ss  ; 
ol.  amygd.  dulc.  §iv;  sapon.  amygd.  ^j  ;  camphor. 
^ss.  Dissolve  the  camphor  in  the  oil,  and  add 
the  mixture  to  the  tincture  and  soap.  —  Ph.  P.) 
Rubefacient,  and  discutient. 

Li.vijfEXTUM  Croto'xis,  Croton  oil  Lin'iment, 
(01.  Croton,  f5J  ;  01.  Terebinth,  fgvij,  M.  Ph.  D.) 
Rubefacient,  causing  an  eruption  when  continued. 
LiNIMENTUM  HydrAr'gyri,  L.  Hydrar'gyri 
compos' itnm,  2Ierca' rial  liniment,  (F.)  L.  de  3Ier- 
care.  (Ung.  Hyd.  fort.,  adip.  prwp.  aa,  §iv; 
camphora:,  ,^j  ;  sp.  rect.  gtt.  .xv;  liquor  ammon. 
f^iv.  Rub  the  camphor  with  the  spirit;  add  the 
ointment  and  lard;  and,  lastly,  gradually  add 
the  solution. — Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  a  stimulant 
and  discutient  to  venereal  swellings,  &c. 

LiyiMENTCM  HypERicr,  see  Hypericum  perfo- 
ratum. 

LlNDfENTUM  Opit,  Liniment  of  Opium,  An'o- 
dyne  Liniment.  (Sapon.  "^y]  ;  Opii.'^'iss;  Cam- 
phor. §iij;  01.  Rosmarin.  f  .^vj  ;  Spirit  rectificat. 
Oi.j.  (Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  the  soap  and  opium 
in  the  spirit  for  three  hours  ;  filter,  and  add  the 
oil  and  camphor. — Ph.  L.)  Anodyne  and  slightly 
rubefacient. 

LiNiMENTUM  PLUJrBATUJf,  Unguentum  plumbi 
superacetatis  —  1.  Saponaceum  opiatum,  L.  Sapo- 
nis  et  opii. 

LiNiMENTusr  Sapona'ceuii  Hydrosulphura'- 
TUjr.  (Common  Soap,  b()% 'p.  Liquefy  in  a  water 
bath  in  an  earthen  vessel ;  and  add  xchite  poppy 
oil,  250  p.  Mix  intimately,  and  add  dry  sulpihuret 
of  2)otass,  100  p.  Beat  together,  and  add  oil  of 
poppy  seed,  750  p. — Ph.  P.)  In  cutaneous  affec- 
tions, as  psora,  herpes,  &c. 

LiMMENTUM  Saponato-camphoratum,  L.  Sa- 
ponis  camphoratum. 

LiyiirE.vTUM  Sapo'nis,  Tinctu'ra  saponis  cam- 
2)hora'  ta  (Vh.X}  .^.), Camphorated  Tincture  of  Soap, 
Soap  Liniment.  (Saponis  concis.  ^iv;  campihor. 
^ij  ;  01.  Rosmarin.  f.^ss;  alcohol.  Oij.  Digest 
the  soap  and  alcohol  in  a  water-bath,  until  the 
former  is  dissolved  ;  filter,  and  add  the  camphor 
and  oil.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  sprains,  bruises, 
and  as  an  embrocation. 

LixiMENTuit  Sapo'nis  CAMPHORA'Tiur,  L.  S. 
compos'ifum,  L.  Sapona'to-camphofa'tum,  BaV- 
sumum  opodel'doc,  Tinctu'ra  saponis  campjhorn'ta 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Opodel'doch,  Steer's  opodeldoch.  Com- 
pound Soap  Liniment,  (F.)  L.  de  Savon.  (Sapon. 
rasur.  §iv;  Camphor.  "^Xy,  01.  Rosmarini,  {'^ss: 
Aquce,  f.fiv;  Alcohol.  Oij.  Mix  the  alcohol  and 
water  ;  digest  the  soap  in  the  mixture  by  means 
of  a  water-bath,  until  it  is  dissolved;  filter,  and 
add  the  camphor  and  oil. — (Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant 
and  anodyne;  in  bruises,  local  pains,  &e. 

Freeman's  Bathing  Spirits  consist  of  lin.  sapon 
comp.  coloured  with  Daffy's  elixir. 

Jackson's  Bathing  Spirits  differ  from  Freeman's 
in  the  addition  of  some  essential  oils. 

LiyiMENTUM  Sapo'nis  et  Opii,  L.  sapona'ceum 
opia'tnm,  Soap  and  opium  lin'iment,  Bates's  ano- 
dyne balsam,  Bal'samum  anod'ynum,  Tinctura  sa- 
pionis  et  opii,  (F.)  L.  de  Savon  opince.  (Saponis 
duri.  ^iv  ;  opii,  ^j  ;  camphorce,  ,^ij  ;  olei  roris- 
mann.  f^ss;  alcohol.  Oij.  —  Ph.  E.)  Anodyne; 
in  chronic  rheumatism  and  local  pains  in  general. 
LiNiMENTUM  Simplex,  Simple  Liniment.  (01. 
oliv.  4  p. ;  cercB  albce,  1  p.  fiat  linimentum. — Ph. 
E.)     Emollient;  used  in  chaps,  &c. 


LnriJtENTUM  SiAiPLEX,  Unguentum  cerse. 
LlNrMENTPM  Terebin''thin^,  L.  Terebinthina'- 
tum,    Turpentine    liniment.      (Cerat.    resinm,    ftj  ; 
ol.  terebinth.  Oss.     Melt  the  cerate  and  stir  in  the 
oil.)     A  stimulant;  applied  to  burns,  &c. 

LiNnrENTDjr  Volatile,  L.  ammoniae  carbonatis. 
LINN,  Tilia  Americana. 

LINNiE'A,  L.  Borea'lis.  Ord.  Caprifoliaceae. 
This  plant,  called  after  Linnseus,  has  a  bitter, 
sub-astringent  taste;  and  is  used,  in  some  places, 
in  the  form  of  fomentation,  in  rheumatic  pains. 
An  infusion  in  milk  is  used  in  Switzerland  for  tho 
cure  of  sciatica. 

LINOSPERMUM,  see  Linum  usitatissimum. 
LINSEED,  see  Linum  usitatissimum. 
LINT,  Carbasus,  Linteum. 
LINTEAMEN,  Linteum,  Pledget. 
LIN'TEUM,  'a  linen  cloth,' from  linum,  'flax, 
linen,'  L.  carptum  seu  rasum,  Lintea'men,  0th'- 
one,    Othon'ion,     Car'basus,     Car'basa,     Oar'pia, 
Motos,      3Iote,      ilotum,     Linamen'tum,      Tilma, 
Xystos,  Xysma,  Aehne,  Lint,   (F.)    Charpie.     A 
soft,  floceulent  substance,  made  by  scraping  old 
linen  cloth,  (F.)   Charp)ie  rapiee,  or  by  unravel- 
ling old  linen  cut  into  small  pieces  —  (F.)   Char- 
pie  brute  ;  and  employed  in  surgery  as  a  dressing 
to  wounds,  ulcers,  &c.,  either  simply  or  covered 
with  ointment. 

Linteum  Carptum,  see  Linteum — 1.  Rasum, 
see  Linteum — 1.  Scissum,  Splitcloth  (bandage.) 

LINUM,  see  Linum  usitatissimum — -1.  Arvense, 
L.  usitatissimum. 

Linum  Cathar'ticum,  L.  min'imum,  Chamadi' - 
num,  Purging  flax,  Mill  mountain,  (F.)  Lin  pu7-- 
gatif.  Ord.  Linacege.  This  plant  is  possessed 
of  cathartic  properties,  and  has  a  bitterish,  dis- 
agreeable taste.     Dose,  ^ji  in  substance. 

Linum  Crudum,  see  Apolinosis  —  1.  Minimum, 
L.  Catharticum. 

Linum  Usitatis'simum,  L.  arven'se.  Common 
flax,  (F.)  Lin.  The  seed,  Linum,  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Sem'inn  lini  usitatis'simi,  Linosper'raum,  Lin- 
seed, Flaxseed,  (F.)  Grains  de  lin,  are  inodorous, 
and  almost  tasteless;  yielding  mucilage  to  warm 
water,  and  oil  by  expression.  They  are  demul- 
cent and  emollient.  Linseed,  when  ground  into 
powder,  forms  a  good  emollient  poultice.  It  is 
only  necessary  to  stir  the  powder  into  boiling 
water.  The  oil,  Oleum  lini.  Flaxseed  oil,  (F.) 
Huile  de  Lin,  is  emollient  and  demulcent. 
LIONBENT.  Leontodon  taraxacum. 
LION'S  FOOT,  Nabalus  albus,  Prenanthes  — 
1.  Tiiil,  Leonurus. 

LIO PODIA,  see  Leiopus. 
LIOPUS,  Leiopus. 

LIP,  Sax.  and  Germ.  Lippe,  Cheilos,  La'Mum, 
Labrum,  (F.)  Lerre.  [In  Entomology,  labium 
means  the  lower  lip,  —  labrum,  the  upper.]  The 
lips  are  composed  of  difi"erent  muscular  fasciculi, 
nerves,  and  vessels,  covered  by  the  skin  and  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  mouth.  They  circumscribe 
the  anterior  aperture  of  that  cavity;  and  are  in- 
servient  to  mastication,  pronunciation,  &o.  They 
are  distinguished  into  tippter  and  loxcer  —  Ano- 
chei'len;  and  Catochei'lon,  (Prov.)  Fipple  —  and 
are  placed  in  front  of  each  jaw,  forming  between 
them  the  anterior  aperture  of  the  mouth.  They 
unite  at  each  side,  and  form  what  are  called  the 
angles  or  commissures  of  the  mouth — Chal'ini. 
Their  free  edge  is  covered  with  a  mucous  mem- 
brane, of  a  more  or  less  livid  red,  according  to 
the  individual.  They  receive  their  arteries  from 
the  external  carotid.  Their  veins  open  into  the 
two  jugulars.  Their  lymphatic  vessels  descend 
into  the  ganglions  situate  beneath  the  chin. 
Their  nerves  are  derived  from  the  infra-orbitar, 
mental,  and  facial. 

Lips,  La'bia,  (F.)  Llvres  de  la  vulve,  are  folds 
belonging   to  the  genital  organs  of  the  female. 


LIPA 


544 


LIQUOR 


and  distinguished  into  —  1.  Labia  purlen'di  sen 
Cunni  seu  majo'ra,  Ej^isi'a,  Aim  jyuden'di  miilie'- 
hris,  Hytrochei'Udefi,  Bupes,  AloB  majo'res,  Creni'- 
noi,  (F.)  Grandes  Levres.  These  are  two  mem- 
branous folds,  thicker  above  than  below,  which 
limit  the  vulva  laterally,  and  extend  from  the  in- 
ferior part  of  the  mons  veneris  to  the  perinjeum. 
They  unite  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  forming 
commissures;  the  posterior  of  which  is  called 
Fourchette.  Their  outer  surface  is  convex;  formed 
of  skin  and  covered  with  hair.  The  inner  sur- 
face is  white,  and  covered  by  a  mucous  membrane, 
continuous  with  that  lining  the  other  parts  of  the 
vulva.  The  space  between  the  skin  and  mucous 
membrane  is  filled  with  a  fatty  tissue  and  fibrous 
bands,  some  fibres  of  the  constrictor  vaginae  mus- 
cle, vessels,  and  nerves. 

We  speak,  also,  of  the  lips  of  a  wound,  nicer, 
&c.,  when  alluding  to  the  edges  of  these  solutions 
of  continuity. 

LIPA,  \iira,  fat;  also,  Lippitudo. 

LI'PARA,  from  Atn-apoj,  'fatty.'  Planters, 
containing  much  oil  or  fat. 

LIPAE.L4,  see  Polysarca. 

LIPAROCE'LB,i!>oce7?,from  \nrapos,  'fatty,' 
and  KriXrj,  '  tumour.'  Lipo'7na,  or  fatty  tumour 
of  the  scrotum,  Her'nia  p)inguedino'8a  scroti. 

LIPAPuODES,  Fatty. 

LIPAROIDE,  Cerate. 

LIPAROLE,  Pomatum,  Pommade. 

LIPAROTES,  see  Polysarcia. 

LTPAROTRICH'IA,  from  Ai-aooj,  'fatty,'  and 
Sp[|,  rpixoi,  'hair.'    Too  great  oiliness  of  the  hair. 

LIPARUS,  Fatty. 

LIPASMA,  see  Polysarcia. 

LIPEMANIA,  Melancholy,  see  Lypemania. 

LIPH.EMIA,  Leiphfemia. 

LIPHxEMOS,  Leiphamos. 

LIPO  or  LEIPO,  XaT-u,  'Heave,'  'I  forsake.' 
Hence,  LeipopsycMa,  Leipotliymia. 

LIPOCELE,  Liparocele. 

LIPODERMIA,  Aposthia. 

LIPODERMOS,  Leipodermos. 

LIPO'MA,  Lypo'ma,  from  Xito,  'fat.'  A  fatty 
tumour  of  an  encvsted  or  other  character. 

LIPOMATODES,  Lipomatous. 

LIPOM'ATOUS,  Lipomato'ans,  Lipumato'deis, 
(F.)  Lipomateu.T.  Having  the  nature  of  lipoma 
— as  a  '  lipomatous  mass.' 

LIPOME'RLA,  Leipome'ria,  from  Xan-w,  'I 
leave,'  and  jispo;,  a  'part.'  Monstrosity  from  ar- 
rest of  development,  or  from  defect.  Deficiency 
of  one  or  more  of  the  parts  of  the  body;  for  ex- 
ample, in  one  who  has  only  four  fingers. 

LIPOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

LIPOS,  Fat. 

LIPOSIS.  see  Polysarcia. 

LIPOSPHYXIA,  Syncope. 

LIPOTHYMIA,  Syncope. 

LIPPA,  Chassie. 

LIPPER,  Lepra,  Leprous. 

LIPPIA,  Adali. 

LIPPITU'DO,  OpTitTial'mia  cJiron'ica  of  some, 
Lipipitude,  Blear-eye,  Blear-eyedness,  Blear'ed- 
ness,  Lappa,  Lipya,  Xerophthal'mia,  Lema,  Leme, 
Lemos'itas,  Gleme,  Glama,  Gra'mia.  A  copious 
secretion  of  the  sebaceous  humour  of  the  eyelids, 
■which  renders  them  gummy.  It  is  owing  to  a 
state  of  chronic  inflammation  of  the  tarsal  mar- 
gins; the  eyelids  being  generally  red,  tumefied, 
and  painful. 

Lippitudo  NEONATORmr,  see  Ophthalmia. 

LIPPUS,  one  affected  with  blear  eye;  llear- 
cyed  ;  (F.)  Chnsnieiix. 

LIPSIS  AXIML  Svncope. 

LIPSOTRICHIA,  Alopecia,  Calvities. 

LIQUAMEN,  Garum. 


LIQUAME'MIA,  Adeps  hmna'mis.  Humcn 
fat. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

LIQUARIUM,  Syrupus  simplex. 

LIQUATIO,  Liquefaction. 

LIQUEFA'CIENT,  Liqnefa'ciens,  from  liqnid- 
us,  'liquid,'  and/dcece,  'to  make.'  A  medicinal 
agent,  which  seems  to  have  the  power  of  liquefy- 
ing solid  depositions.  To  this  class  mercury, 
iodine,  Ac,  have  been  referred  by  some. 

LIQUEFACTION,  Liqua'tio,  Liqvefac'tio  ; 
same  etymon.  Transformation  of  a  solid  sub- 
stance into  a  liquid.  It  is  used  particularly  in 
speaking  of  metals  and  fatty  bodies,  see  Fusion. 

LIQUEUR  BE  L' AMNIOS,  Liquor  amnii— 
I.  d'Alumine  Oomposee,  Liquor  aluminis  compos. 
— I.  Anodiiie  d' Hoffman,  Spiritus  ffitheris  sulphu- 
rici  compositus — I.  Anodine  nitreuse,  Spiritus 
Eetheris  nitrici  —  I.  Arsenicale,  Liquor  arsenicalis 
— I.  Fumante  de  Boyle,  Ammonise  sulphuretum, 
Liquor  fumans  Boylii — I.  Volatile  de  Come  de  cerf, 
Liquor  volatilis  cornu  cervi — I.  de  C'uivre  ammo- 
niacal,  Liquor  cupri  ammoniati  —  I.  de  Fer  alca- 
line,  Liquor  ferri  alkalini  • —  I.  de  Sous-acetate  de 
plomh,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis — I.  de  Potasse, 
Liquor  potassge — I.  du  Sang,  Liquor  sanguinis — 
I.  de  Sous-carbonate  de  potasse,  Liquor  potassae 
subcnrbonatis. 

LIQUID,  ADHESIVE,  MAYNARD'S,  Collo- 
dion— 1.  Disinfecting,  Burnett's,  see  Burnett's  dis- 
infecting liquid  —  1.  Disinfecting,  Labarraque's, 
Liquor  sodae  chlorinatas  —  1.  Disinfecting,  Le- 
doven's,  see  Ledoyen's  disinfecting  liquid. 

iilQUIDAMBAR  ASPLEXIFOLIA,  Compto- 
nia  asplenifolia — 1.  Officinalis,  see  Styrax — 1.  Pe- 
regrina,  Comptonia  asplenifolia. 

Liquidam'bar  StyrACIF'lua,  Liquidam'brn, 
Sweet  gum,  ^Yllite  gum.  Ord.  BalsamineEe.  The 
name  of  the  tree  ■which  affords  the  Liquid  amber 
and  Storax  liquida,  Styrax  liqiiida  or  Liquid 
storax.  Liquid  amber  is  a  resinous  juice  of  a 
yellow  colour,  inclining  to  red ;  at  first  of  about 
the  consistence  of  turpentine;  by  age,  harden- 
ing into  a  solid,  brittle  mass.  It  is  not  used 
medicinally. 

Styrax  Liquida  is  obtained  from  this  plant  by 
boiling.  There  are  two  sorts,  —  one  more  pure 
than  the  other.  It  is  used  occasionally,  as  a 
stomachic,  in  the  form  of  plaster. 

LIQUIDS  A3INI0TIQUE,  Liquor  Amnii—?. 
Cephalo-rachidienne,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid. 

LIQUIDUM  NERYEUM,  Nervous  fluid. 

LIQUIRITIA,  Glycyrrhiza. 

LIQUOR,  {liqueo,  'I  am  \\i\Viidi,')  Liqua'men, 
Hygron,  Hy'grotes,  (F.)  Liqueur.  A  name  given 
to  many  compound  liquids,  and  especially  to 
those  the  bases  of  which  are  water  and  alcohol. 

Liquor  Acirus  Halleri,  Elixir  ar.idum  Hal- 
leri  —  1.  ^thereus.  Ether  —  1.  ^thereus  sulphu- 
ricus,  Spiritus  retheris  sulphurici. 

Liquor  Alu'minis  Compos'itus,  Aqua  alu'mi- 
nis  compjos'ita  seu  alumino'sa  Batea'na,  Bates's 
nlum  water,  Compound  solu'tion  of  Alum,  (F.) 
Liquetir  d'alumine  composee.  (Aluminis,  zinci 
snlphat.  sing,  ^ss,  aqua  fervent.  Oij.  Dissolve 
and  filter  through  paper.)  Detergent  and  stimu- 
lant. Used  as  a  collyrium,  'when  properly  di- 
luted, in  ophthalmia;  as  an  injection  in  gleet, 
leucorrhoea,  &c. 

Liquor  ex  Ammonia  et  Oleo  Succini,  Spiritus 
ammonias  succinatus 

Liquor  Ammo'si^e,  L.  ammonim  purcs,  Al'cali 
ammoni'acum  fu'idum,  Ammo'nia  liq'nida  seu 
caus'tica  liquida  seu  pura  liquida,  Lixiv'ium 
ammoniaca'le,  Spiritus  sails  ammoniaci  aquo'sus, 
Aqua  ammonice  seu  ammonia;  caus'tica.  Liquid 
ammonia,  Solution  of  ammonia,  (F.)  Ammoniaqne 
liquide.  Directed  to  be  made  in  the  Pharm.  U. 
S.  from  muriate  of  Ammonia,  m  fine  powder:  and 
ij'me,  each  a  pound;  distilled  icater  a.'^mt;  toater, 


LIQUOR 


5  45 


LIQUOR 


tine  fluid  ounces.  The  water  is  employed  to  slake 
the  lime  ;  this  is  mixed  T?ith  the  muriate  of  am- 
monia and  put  into  a  glass  retort  in  a  sand-bath. 
Heat  is  applied  so  as  to  drive  off  the  ammonia, 
which  is  made  to  pass  into  a  quart  bottle  contain- 
ing the  distilled  water.  To  every  ounce  of  the 
product  three  and  a  half  fluidrachms  of  distilled 
water  are  added,  or  as  much  as  may  be  necessary 
to  raise  its  s.  g.  to  0-96.  This  Liquor  Ammonise 
may  also  be  made  by  mixing  one  part  of  liquor 
ammonia  fortior  with  two  parts  of  distilled  water. 
(Ph.  U.  S.  1842.)  Its  s.  g.  is  0-960.  Liquoe 
Ammonia  fortior,  Stronger  solution  of  ammo- 
ma  (Ph.  U.  S.)  is  an  aqueous  solution  of  ammonia 
of  the  s.  g.  0-882.  Liquor  ammonise  is  stimulant, 
antacid,  and  rubefacient.  Dose,  gtt.  x  to  xx,  in 
water  or  milk. 

Liquor  Ammonij5  Aceta'tis,  Al'cali  ammoni'- 
acum  aceta'tum,  A.  volat'ile  aceta'tum,  Aqua 
ueeta'tis  ammo'nicB  seu  ammo' nice  aceta'tce,  Solu- 
tion of  acetate  of  ammonia,  Ace'tas  ammonia, 
Spirit  of  3Iindere'ru8,  Sal  ammoni'acum  vegetab'- 
ile,  Spir'itus  ophthal'micns  Blindere' ri ,  Sal  aceto'- 
si(»  ammoniaca'lis.  {Acid,  acetic,  dilut.  Oij,  Am- 
iiioH.  earbonat.  in  pulv.  Add  the  salt  to  the  acid 
until  it  is  saturated.  Ph.  U.  S.  1851.)  A  sudorific; 
bxternalhj,  cooling.     Dose,  f J^'j  to  f^iss. 

Liquor  Ammonia  Sesquicaebonatis,  Liquor 
Ammonise  Subcarbonatis. 

Liquor  AjiiionijE  Citra'tis,  Solution  of  Citrate 
of  Ammonia.  This  preparation  is  oflBeinal  in  the 
Dublin  Pharmacopoeia.  It  is  made  by  saturating 
a  solution  of  citric  acid  with  sesquicarbonate  of 
ammonia.    It  is  given  in  cases  of  adynamic  fever. 

Liquor  Amjionijb  Subcarbona'tis,  Liquor 
Ammoniob  Sesquicarbona'tis,  Solu'tio  subcarbona- 
tis ammonim,  Aqua  carbonatis  ammonia,  Solution 
of  subcarbonate  of  ammonia,  Water  of  car'bonate 
of  ammonia.  (AmmonicB  carbon,  ^iv,  aqua  des- 
tillat.  Oj.  Dissolve  and  filter  through  paper.) 
Use;  —  the  same  as  that  of  the  carbonate  of  am- 
moniae. 

Liquor  Ammonii  Hydrothiodis,  Ammonise 
sulphuretum — 1.  Ammonii  vinosus,  Spiritus  am- 
monise. 

Liquor  Am'nii,  Aqua  amnii.  The  liquor  of  the 
amnios.  (E.)  Ea.uou  Liqueur  de  I' amnios,  Li  quid  e 
amniotique.  The  fluid  exhaled  by  the  amnios, 
and  which  envelops  the  foetus  during  the  whole 
period  of  utero-gestation.  It  is  often  simply 
called  the  tcaters,  (F.)  Lcs  Eoux,  Its  relative 
quantity  diminishes  as  pregnancy  advances,  al- 
though its  absolute  quantity  continues  to  increase 
till  the  period  of  delivery.  In  some  women,  only 
five  or  six  ounces  are  met  with :  in  others,  it 
amounts  to  pints.  It  is  limpid,  3'ellowish,  or 
whitish  :  exhales  a  faint  smell,  and  has  a  slightly 
saline  taste.  It  contains  water  in  considerable 
quantity;  albumen;  chloride  of  sodium;  phos- 
phate of  lime;  an  alkaline  substance  ;  and  a  par- 
ticular acid.  It  facilitates  the  dilatation  of  the 
uterus,  and  aids  delivery  by  acting  as  a  soft 
wedge  enclosed  in  its  membranes,  Bag  of  loaters, 
Poche  des  Eaux,  &c.  It  is  probably  inserviont  to 
useful  purposes  in  the  nutrition  of  the  foetus. 

Liquor  Amnii,  False.  The  fluid  contained 
between  the  amnion  and  chorion  in  the  early 
periods  of  foetal  existence. 

Liquor,  Anodyne,  Hoffmann's,  Spiritus  a^the- 
ris  sulphurici  compositus — 1.  Anodynus  martialis, 
Alcohol  sulpburico-sethereus  ferri. 

Liquor  Anod'ynus  Terebinthina'tus.  A  for- 
mula prescribed  by  Rademacher  in  cases  of  gall- 
stone, and  of  obstructions  and  indurations  of  the 
liver  and  spleen.  It  was  composed  of  Hoffmann's 
anodyne  liquor  ^j  ;  rectified  oil  of  turpentine  Qij. 
Dose,  5  to  10  drops.  It  resembles  the  Remede  de 
Duronde,  Mixture  lithontriptique  de  Durand,  M. 
de  Whitt,  Etherole  d'essence  de  tCribenthine,  which 
35 


is  formed  of  Sulphuric  ether,  30  parts  ;  Essence 
of  turpentine,  15  parts.  It  is  used  in  the  same 
cases. 

Liquor  Arsenica'lis,  L.  Potas'scB  arseni'tin 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Solu'tio  arsenicaiis  seu  arsenica'ta  sei 
arseni'tis  kal'icce,  Arsen'ical  solution,  Min'eral 
solvent,  Ar'senis  potas'sa  liq'uidus  seu  ^jo/osst 
aquo'sus,  Foicler's  solution  of  arsenic,  Solvent 
minera'le,  Ital'ian  poison,  Acqua  seu  Aqv.a  Toffa'- 
nia,  Acqun  della  Toffana,  A.  di  Napoli,  Acquet'- 
ta  [.^],  Tasteless  ague  drop,  (F.)  Liqueur  arseni- 
cale.  (Acid.  Arsenios.  in  frustulis,  pjot'issa  car- 
bonatis pur.,  sing.  gr.  Ixiv.,  aqua  destillat.  q.  s. 
Boil  together  the  arsenious  acid  and  carbonate 
of  potassa  with  twelve  fiuidounces  of  distilled 
water,  in  a  glass  vessel,  until  the  arsenic  is  dis- 
solved. When  the  solution  is  cold,  add  Spirit, 
lavand.  c.  f^'^';  '^'^'^  '•s  much  distilled  water  as 
will  make  the  whole  one  pint.  Ph.  U.  S.)  f^j 
contains  gr.  ss  of  the  arsenious  acid.   Dose,  gtt.  x. 

For  Pearson's  Solution,  see  Arseniate  of  Soda. 

Liquor  Arsenici  CBLo'Rivii,Solution  of  Chloi-ide 
of  Arsenic,  of  the  London  Pharmacopoeia  of  1851, 
is  made  by  boiling  Arsenious  acid  ^ss,  in  hydro- 
chloric acid  fgiss  (Imp.  meas.).  mixed  with  <a 
fluidounce  of  distilled  icater,  until  it  is  dissolved  : 
then  adding  icater  to  make  the  quantity  a  pint 
(Imp.  meas.)  Each  fluidounce  contains  a  grain 
and  a  half  of  arsenious  acid,  or  an  equivalent 
quantity  of  terchloride.  Properties  the  same  as 
those  of  Liquor  Arsenicaiis.  It  is  a  substitute  for, 
and  imitation  of  De  Valangin's  Arsenical  Solu- 
tion, Solu'tio  solven'tis  minera'lis,  much  used  by 
many  British  practitioners.     Dose,  gtt.  v-x. 

Liquor  Arsenici  et  IIydrargyp.i  Iodidi,  see 
Arsenic  and  Mercury,  iodide  of — 1.  Barii  chloridi. 
Baryta,  muriate  of,  solution  of — 1.  Bellosti,  L. 
Hydrargyri  nitrici  —  1.  Calcii  chloridi,  see  Calcis 
murias. 

Liquor  Calcis,  Solu'tio  calcis.  Aqua  caleis 
seu  benedic'ta  seu  Calca'ricB  ustm,  Calca'ria  pura. 
liq'nida.  Solution  of  Lime,  Lime  Water,  (F.) 
Eau  de  chaux.  ( Calcis  ^iv.,  aq.  destill.  cong.  Pour 
the  water  on  the  lime,  and  stir.  Let  it  stand  in 
a  covered  vessel  three  hours ;  bottle  the  lime  and 
water  in  stopped  bottles,  and  use  the  clear  solu- 
tion.) It  is  astringent,  tonic,  and  antacid;  and 
is  used  in  diarrhoea,  diabetes,  heartburn,  &o.,  and 
as  a  lotion  to  foul  and  cancerous  ulcers,  Ac. 
Dose,  f^ij  to  Oss,  in  milk. 

Liquor  Calcis  Chlorina't^,  Solution  of  Chlo'- 
rinated  Lime  (Ph.  D.),  is  made  by  triturating 
half  a  pound  of  chlorinated  lime  with  half  a  gal- 
lon of  water;  shaking  the  mixture;  filtering,  and 
keeping  in  a  well-stopped  bottle.  Used  in  the 
same  cases  as  chlorinated  lime.   Dose,  f^ss  to  f  ^j- 

Liquor  Calcis  Compos'itus.  Aqua  Calcis  com- 
pos'ita  seu  benedic'ta  compos'ita.  Compound  lime 
water.  (F.)  Eau  de  chaux  compose.  {Lign. 
guoiac.  ras.  Ibss,  rc(d.  glycyrrh.  ^j,  cort.  sassafras, 
5ss;  semin.  coriand.  ^ij,  liquor  calcis,  Ovj.  Ma- 
cerate for  two  days,  and  filter.)  It  is  stimulant, 
diaphoretic,  and  astringent,  and  is  used  in  cuta- 
neous affections. 

Liquor  Calcis  Muriatis,  see  Calcis  murias — 
1.  Cereris,  Cerevisia  —  1.  Chloreti  natri,  L.  sodae 
chlorinata" — 1.  Chlorini,  see  Chlorine — 1.  Chloru- 
reti  natri,  L.  Sodse  chlorinataj — 1.  Chlorureti  sodse, 
L.  sodas  chlorinatas. 

Liquor  Chyli,  see  Chyle. 

Liquor  Cupri  Ammonia'ti,  Liquor  Cupri  am- 
monio-sulpha'tis.  Aqua  seu  solu'tio  cupri  ammo- 
nia'ti seu  sapphari'na,  Blue  eyewater,  Solution 
of  ammoniated  copper;  (F. )  Liqueur  ou  Eau  de 
cuivre  ammoniacal.  (Oupri  ammoniat.  ^^j.  aqum 
destill.  Oj.  Dissolve  and  filter  the  solution  through 
paper.  Ph.  L.)  Corrosive  and  detergent.  Used 
externally  to  foul  uloers ;  and  diluted  with  au 
equal  part  of  distilled  water,  it  is  applied  by  means 


LIQUOR 


546 


LIQUOR 


A  a  hair  pencil  to  specks  and  filoas  on  the 
eye. 

LiQuon  CoPRi  Ammonio-Sulphatis,  Liquor 
Cupri  ammoniati. 

Liquor  Cupri  Sulpha'tis  Compos'itus,  Aqua 
cupri  vitnola'ti  cnmposita.  {Capri  sulphat.,  alu- 
mln.  sulphat.  aa  ,^iij,  aqufp  jwra  Oij.,  acid  snlph. 
rjij.  Boil  the  salts  in  the  water  until  they  are 
dissolved  ;  then  filter  the  liquor,  and  add  the  acid.) 
Used  as  an  astringent  in  epistaxis,  &c.  It  was 
also  called  Aqua-  Styp'ticn. 

Liquor  Cyreniacus,  Benjamin — 1.  Entericus, 
iSuccus  entericus — 1.  Excitans,  Spiritus  aramonise 
succinatus. 

Liquor  Ferri  Alkali'xi,  Solution  of  Alkaline 
Iron,  (F.)  Liqueur  de  fer  alvnline.  {Ferri  Jiiss, 
acid,  nitric,  ^ij,  aqum  destiUat.  f^vj.  liq.  potass, 
snhcarh.  f,^vj.  To  the  acid  and  water  mixed, 
add  the  iron  ;  and,  after  the  effervescence,  add 
the  clear  solution,  pji-adually,  to  the  Uq.  potassa 
suhcarb. ;  shaking  it  occasionally  till  it  assumes 
a  deep  hrown-red  colour,  and  the  effervescence 
stops.  After  six  hours'  settling,  pour  off  the  clear 
solution.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  tonic  like  other  prepa- 
rations of  iron.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f _^iss. 

Liquor  Ferri  Io'didi,  Solution  of  Iodide  of 
Iron,  Si/r'upu8  Ferri  io'didi,  Syrup  of  I'odide  of 
Iron.  {lodin.  ^ij.  Ferri  rament.  ^^j,  Sacchar. 
pulv.  ^x\},  AqucB  destillnt.  q.  s.  Mix  the  iodine 
with  f^x  of  the  distilled  water,  in  a  porcelain  or 
.glass  vessel,  and  gradually  add  the  iron  filings, 
constantly  stirring.  Heat  the  mixture  gently 
until  the  liquor  acquires  a  light  greenish  colour; 
then,  having  added  the  sugar,  continue  the  heat 
a  short  time,  and  filter.  Lastly,  pour  distilled 
water  upon  the  filter,  and  allow  it  to  pass  until 
the  whole  of  the  filtered  liquor  measures  twenty 
fluidounces.  Keep  the  solution  in  closely  stopped 
bottles.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  20  or  30  drops. 

Liquor  Ferri  Muriatis,  Tinctura  ferri  mu- 
riatis. 

Liquor  Ferri  Nitra'tts,  L.  Ferri  Sesquini- 
tra'tis  seu  temitra'tis,  Solu'tio  Ferri  nitrn'tis. 
Solution  of  nitrate,  of  ternitrate  of  sesquioxide, 
or  of  sesquinitrate  of  iron,  has  been  recommended 
in  chronic  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  Its  virtues 
exactly  resemble  those  of  chloride  of  iron.  It  is 
prepared  as  follows  : — Ferri  fili,  incis.  5J.  Acid, 
nitric,  f  .^iiji  Aq.  destiUat.  q.  s.  Mix  the  acid  and 
ft  pint  of  distilled  water,  until  gas  ceases  to  be 
jjiven  off;  filter,  and  add  distilled  water  to  make 
fjxxx.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  10  to  20  drops. 

Liquor  Follicui.t,  see  Folliculi  Graafian!. 

Liquor  Fumans  Bori,'n,  Sulphnre'tnm  Ammo'- 
nicB  Hydrogena'tum.  Hydrnsnlphure' turn,  Ammo- 
nia'., Tinetu'ra  Sul'phuris  Volat'ilis,  Aqua  Sul- 
phure'ti  Ammonice.  Boyle's  Fuming  liquor,  (F.) 
Ijiqueur  fumanto  do  Boyle.  It  is  possessed  of 
nauseating  and  emetic  properties,  and  has  been 
given  in  diabetes  and  diseases  of  excitement  as  a 
deoxygen  izer  ! 

Liquor,  Fuming,  Boyle's,  Liquor  fumans  Boy- 
lii — 1.  Fuming,  of  Libavius,  Tin,  muriate  of — 1. 
Genital,  Sperm — 1.  of  Hartshorn,  volatile.  Liquor 
volatilis  cornu  cervi  —  1.  Hydrargyri  Blehloridi, 
Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  —  1.  Hydrargyri 
chloridi  corrosivi,  L.  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  — 
1.  Hydrargyri  et  arsenici  iodidi,  see  Arsenic  and 
Mercury,  iodide  of. 

Liquor  Hydrar'gyri  Nitrici,  L.  Bellosti,  (F.) 
Eau  mereurielle  ou  contre  la  gangrene,  lieniede 
da  Due  d'Antin,  R.  du.  Capucin,  {Hydrarg.  120 
p.,  acid  nitr.  (33°,)  150  p.  Dissolve,  and  add  to 
the  solution  rf/s<i7fc(Z  iooife?',  900  p.  Ph.  P.)  Dose, 
two  or  three  drops  in  a  glass  of  water.  Not  much 
used. 

Liquor  Hybrar'gyri  Oxymuria'tis,  L.  Hy- 
drar'gyri  Chlo'ridi  corrosi'vi  seu  Hydrar'gyri 
iichlo'ridi,  Solu'tion  of  Oxymu'riate  of  llercury, 


Liquor  Suiietenis  seu  Syphilit'icus  Turneri,  Mu'- 
rias  hydrargyri  spirituo'aus  liq'uidus,  Solutio 
Mnria'tis  hydrar'gyri  oxygenati,  Liquor  or  Solu- 
tion of  Corro'sive  Sub'limate  or  of  Van  Swieten. 
{Hyd.  oxym.,  ammon.  muriat.  aa  gr.  x,  aqi,a  de- 
still.  Oj,  (Imp.  meas.)  Dissolve  in  the  water  and 
add  the  spirit.     Ph.  P.)     Dose,  fjss,  or  f_^j. 

Norton's  Drops,  Green's  Drops,  and  Solomon's 
Anti-Impetig" enes — all  nostrums— seem  to  be  dis- 
guised solutions  of  Corrosive  Sublimate. 

Liquor  Hydrargyri  Pernitratis,  see  Hy- 
drargyri nitras — 1.  Hydrargyri  Supernitratis,  see 
Hydrargyri  nitras  —  1.  Hydriodatis  Arsenici  et 
Hydrargyri,  Arsenic  and  mercury,  iodide  of — 1. 
Intestinalis,  Succus  entericus. 

Liquor  Io'dini  Compos'itus,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842,) 
L.  lodin'ii  compos'itus,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851,)  Solu'tio 
Potas'sii  Io'didi  Indure'ta,  Compound  Solution 
of  Iodine,  Lugol's  Solution.  {lodin.  ^vj.  Potass, 
iodid.  ,^iss.  Aquce  destillat.  Oj.  Dissolve  the 
iodine  and  iodide  of  potassium  in  the  water. — Ph. 
U.  S.)     Dose,  gtt.  vj,  ad  xij,  in  sugared  water. 

Liquor  Lithargyri  Subacetatis,  L.  plumbi 
subacetatis — 1.  Lithargyri  subacetatis  compositus, 
Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus. 

Liquor  Lymph^e,  see  Lymph. 

Liquor  ok  Monro,  Solution  of  Monro.  A  so- 
lution, used  by  Monro  for  the  preservation  of 
anatomical  preparations.  It  was  composed  of 
alcohol  at  22°  or  24°,  with  a  drachm  of  nitric 
acid  to  each  pint. 

Liquor  Morgagn'ii.  The  small  quantity  of 
fluid  contained  within  the  capsule  of  the  crystal- 
line lens. 

Liquor  MoRPn'ijE  Aceta'tis,  Solution  of  Ace- 
tate of  3Iorphia,  An'odyne  Drops.  {Acetate  of 
morphia,  ^iv,  distilled  lonter,  Oj.  (Imp.  meas.), 
Spirit,  tenuior.  Oss,  (Imp.  meas.)  Ph.  L.),  acetic 
acid,  TT^^xv.    Dose,  from  six  to  twenty-four  drops. 

Liquor  Mor'phi^e  Muria'tis,  Solution  of  Mu'- 
riate  of  Morph'ia.  {llorphim  muriat.  ^Y7,  aq. 
destillat.  Oj.  (Imp.  meas.)  Sp.  tenuior,  Oss.  (Imp. 
meas.)    Ph.  L.)     Dose,  from  6  to  20  mimims. 

Liquor  Mor'phi^  Sulpha'tis,  Solution  of  Sul- 
phate of  3Iorphia.  {3for])hioB  sulphat.  gr.  viij, 
aqucB  destillat.  Oss.  Dissolve  the  sulphate  of 
morphia  in  the  water. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f  ^j  to 
f  ^ij — containing  from  an  eighth  to  a  quarter  of  a 
grain. 

Liquor  Muci,  see  Mucus — 1.  Natri  Oxymuria- 
tici,  L.  Sodfe  chlorinatje  —  1.  Nervinus  Bangii, 
Tinctura  aetherea  camphorata — 1.  Oleosus  Sylvii, 
Spiritus  ammonise  aromaticus — 1.  Opii  sedativus, 
(Haden's,)  see  Tinctura  opii. 

Liquor  Opii  Sedati'vus.  An  empirical  pre- 
paration by  a  London  druggist  of  the  name  of 
Battley.  It  is  said  to  be  an  aqueous  solution 
of  opium,  evaporated  to  dryness  to  get  rid  of 
the  acid  resin,  re-dissolved  in  water,  and  a  small 
portion  of  alcohol  added  to  give  it  permanence 
— Redwood.  It  is  devoid  of  many  of  the  narcotic 
effects  of  opium. 

Liquor  Ovi  Albus,  Albumen  ovi — 1.  Pancrea- 
ticus,  see  Pancreas  • —  1.  Pericardii,  see  Pericar- 
dium—  1.  Plumbi  acetatis,  L.  P.  subacetatis  —  1. 
Plumbi  diacetatis,  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis. 

Liquor  Plumbi  Subaceta'tis,  L.  Subacetatis 
Lithar'gyri  seu  Plumbi  Aceta'tis  seu  Plumbi 
Diaceta'tis,  Goulard's  Extrac'tum  Satur'ni,  Li- 
thar'gyri Ace'tum,  Ace'tum.  plum'bicum  seu  safur- 
ni'num,  Solutioji  of  Subacetate  of  Lead,  (F.) 
Liqueur  de  sous-acetate  de  Plomb.  {Plumb,  acet. 
5xvj,  Plumb,  oxid.  semivitr.  in  pulv.  subtil, 
^ixss,  fT^.  destillat.  Oiv.  Boil  together  in  a  glass 
or  porcelain  vessel,  for  half  an  hour,  occasionally 
adding  distilled  water,  so  as  to  preserve  the  mea- 
sure. Filter  through  paper,  and  keep  the  solu- 
tion in  closely-stopped  bottles. — Ph.  U.  S.)     It  is 


LIQUOR 


547 


LISTS 


used  externally  as  a  cooling  astringent,  and  dis- 
cutient,  when  diluted  with  distilled  water. 

Liquor  Plujibi  Sctbaceta'tis  Dilo'tus,  L. 
Siibaceta'tis  Lithar'gyri  Comjios'itus,  L,  Plumhi 
aceta'tis  dilu'tus,  L.  Plumhi  Diaceta'tis  dtlu'tus, 
Ace'tas  Pliimbi  diht'tivn  alcohol' icum,  Diluted  So- 
lii'tion  of  Suhac"etate  of  Lead,  Aqua  Saturni  seu 
veg"eto-minera'lis  seu  Plumhi  seu  Goular'di 
seu  Lithar'gijri  Aceta'ti  compos'ita,  Tinetu'ra 
j)himho'sa,  Lead  water,  Goulard  icater,  (F.)  Eau 
blanche,  Eau  de  Goulard,  Eau  vegeto-minerale. 
White  Wash,  Royal  Preventive.  {Liq.  plumhi 
subacet.  f.^ij,  aquae  destillat.  Oj.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Properties  the  same  as  the  last,  but  feebler. 

LiQUOE  PoTAs's^,  Aqua  Potas'scB  seu  Kali 
Caust'ici  seu  Kali  puri.  Solution  of  Potash  or  of 
Potassa,  Lixiv'tutn  magistra'le  seu  Sapona'rium., 
Soap  Lees,  Soap  Ley,  Lixiv'ium  cau'sficum,  Po- 
tas'sa  liq'uida,  (F.)  Eau,  solution  ou  liqueur  de 
Potanse,  Potasse  liquide,  Lessive  dea  Savonniers. 
(PofasscB  carb.  Ibj,  ealcis.  tbss,  aqua  desfill.  fer- 
vent, congium.  Dissolve  the  alkali  in  Oij  of  the 
water,  and  add  the  remainder  of  the  lime.  Mix 
the  whole :  set  aside  in  a  close  vessel,  and,  when 
cold,  filter  through  calico.)  It  is  antilithic  in 
cases  of  uric  acid  calculi,  and  antacid.  Extern- 
ally, stimulant   and   frscharotic.      Dose,    gtt.   x 

to   XX. 

Liquor  Potass^  Arsenitis,  L.  arsenicalis  — 
1.  Potassse  Carbonatis,  L.  P.  Subcarbonatis. 

Liquor  Potass.e  Citra'tis,  Solution  of  Citrate 
of  Potassa,  Neutral  Mixture,  Saline  Mixture. 
(Succ.  Limon.  Oss,  Potass.  Bicarbonat.  q.  s.)  sa- 
turate by  the  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  filter;  or, 
Acid.  Citric.  ,^S3  ;  01.  Limon.  Xf\^.  ij  ,•  AquoB  Oss, 
Potass.  Bicarbonat.  q.  s. ;  dissolve,  saturate  by 
the  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Used  in  fever,  but  probably  of  little  or  no  efficacy. 

Liquor  Potass^  Subcarbona'tis,  L.  Potassa 
Carbonatis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Aqua  Kali  seu  Kali  proB- 
parati  seu  Subcarbonatis  Kali,  O'leum  Tar'tari 
per  deliq' uium,  Lixiv'ium  Tartari,  Oil  of  Tartar, 
Saline  oil  of  Tartar,  Solu'tion  of  Subcar'bonate 
of  Potassa,  (F.)  L-iqueur  de  sous-carbonate  de  Po- 
tasse, Lessive  de  Tartre,  Huile  de  Tartre  par  de- 
faillance.  {Potass,  subcar.  ibj,  aqucB  destillat. 
fgxij.     Dissolve  and  filter.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose, 

gtt.  X  to  XXX. 

Liquor  Potassh  Iodidi  Compos'itus.  Com- 
pound Solution  of  Iodide  of  Potassium.  (Poias- 
sii  iodid.  gr.  x,  lodin.  gr.  v,  aqnm  destillat.  Oj. 
(Imp.  meas.)     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  f^j. 

Liquor,  Propagatort,  Sperm — 1.  Prostaticus, 
Prostatic  liquor,  see  Prostate — 1.  Puris,  ses  Pu*. 

Liquor  Sang'uinis.  Blood  liquor,  (P.)  Liqueur 
du  Sang.  A  term  given  by  Dr.  B.  Babington  to  one 
of  the  constituents  of  the  blood,  the  other  being 
the  red  particles.  It  is  the  HcBmatoplas'ma,  the 
Plasma,  of  Schultz,  Lymph,  Coagulahle  or  plastic 
Lymph,  the  Mucago  or  Mucilage  of  Harvey,  Hew- 
son  and  others,  and  the  intercellxdar  fluid  of  Leh- 
mann,  (P.)  Lymphe  plastique  ou  coagulahle,  Sue 
nourricier,  and  is  the  effused  material  from  which 
the  cells  obtain  the  constituents  of  the  difi"erent 
tissues  and  secretions.     See  Blood. 

Liquor  op  Scarpa,  Vitrine  auditive. 

Liquor  Sem'inis.  The  homogeneous,  transpa- 
rent fluid,  in  which  the  spermatozoids  and  semi- 
nal granules  are  contained.     See  Sperm. 

Liquor  Sod^,  L.  Soda  Causticm,  Solu'tion  of 
Soda,  Solu'tion  of  Caustic  Soda.  (Prepared,  lilie 
Liquor  Potassse,  from  Carbonate  of  Soda.) 

Liquor  Sod^  Carbona'tis,  Solution  of  Car- 
honate  of  Soda.  {Sodas  carbon.  ,^iss,  (avoirdu- 
pois); Aquae  destillat.  Oj.  (Imp.  meas.)  Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  as  an  antacid,  one  to  two  tablespoonfuls, 
diluted  with  water.    . 

Liquor  Sod^  Chloridi,  L.  sod»  chlorinatae. 

Liquor  Sod^  Chlorina't^,  L.  sodae  chlo'ridi 


seu  sodaB  oxymuriat'icoB  seu  chlore'ti  natri sen  cMo-, 
rureti  natri  sen  chloreti  sodcB  seu  chlorure'tiaodm, 
seu  natri  oxymuriat'ici,  Natrum  chlora'tum  lif~ 
uidum.  Aqua  natri  oxymuriat'ici,  Labarraque'a 
Disinfecting  Liquid,  Solution  of  Chlorinated 
Soda.  {Calcis  Chlorinat.  Ibj;  SodcB  Carhonat. 
ibj  ;  Aqua  cong.  iss.  Dissolve  the  carbonate  of 
soda  in  three  pints  of  the  water,  with  the  aid  of 
heat.  To  the  remainder  of  the  water  add,  by 
small  portions  at  a  time,  the  chlorinated  lime, 
previously  well  triturated,  stirring  the  mixture 
after  each  addition.  Set  the  mixture  by  for  se- 
veral hours,  that  the  dregs  may  subside;  decant 
the  clear  liquid,  and  mix  it  with  the  solution  of 
carbonate  of  soda.  Lastly,  decant  the  clear  li- 
quor from  the  precipitated  carbonate  of  lime,  pass 
it  through  a  linen  cloth,  and  keep  it  in  bottles 
secluded  from  the  light. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  chloride  of  lime.  Internally, 
10  drops  to  a  fluidrachm,  for  a  dose.  Diluted 
with  water,  it  is  an  excitant  and  disinfectant  in 
various  niorbi  externi. 

Liquor  SodtE  Effervescens,  Acidulous  wa- 
ter, simple  — 1.  Sodae  Oxymuriaticse,  L.  sodae 
chlorinatfB — 1.  Stypticus  Ruspini,  Styptic,  Ruspi- 
ni's — 1.  Sulphuricus  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus  Ktheris 
sulphurici  —  1.  Swietenis,  L.  hydrargyri  oxymu- 
riatis — 1.  Syphiliticus  Turneri,  L.  hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis — 1.  Tartari  emetiei,  Vinum  antimonii 
tartarizati  —  1.  of  Van  Swieten,  L.  hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis. 

Liquor  Volat'ilis  Corjiu  Cervi,  L.  volat'ih'a 
Cornu  Cervi'ni,  L.  volat'ilis  os'sium,  Vol'atUe 
Liquor  of  Hartshorn,  Spir'itus  Lumhrico'rum  seu 
Millepeda'rum  seu  Cornu  Cervi,  Hartshorn,  Spirit 
of  Hartshorn,  Bone  Spirit,  (F.)  Liqueur  volatile 
de  Come  de  cerf.  This  is  a  solution  of  subcar- 
bonate  of  ammonia,  impregnated  with  empyreu- 
matic  oil.  It  possesses  the  same  virtues  as  the 
subcarbonate  of  ammonia.  It  is  in  common  use 
to  smell  at,  in  faintings,  &c. 

Liquor  Volatilis  Ossiusr,  L.  volatilis  cornu 
cervi — 1.  Zinci  Chloridi,  see  Burnett's  Disinfect- 
ing Liquid. 

Liquor  Zinci  Sulpha'tis  cum  Camph'orI, 
Aqua  Zinci  vitriola'ti  cum  Oamphord  seu  vi- 
triol'ica  camphorn'ta  seu  ophthal'mica,  Common 
Eye  Water.  {Zinci  sulph.  ^ss,  camphor,  ^ij, 
aq.  hullient.  Oij ;  dissolve  and  filter.)  Used  as  a 
lotion  for  ulcers  ;  or,  diluted  with  water,  as  a  col- 
lyrium. 

LIQUORICE.  Glycyrrhiza  — 1.  Bush,  Abrus 
precatorius — 1.  Juice,  see  Glycyrrhiza. 

Liquorice,  Refined,  E.xtractum  glycyrrhiza 
—  1.  Spanish,  see  Glycyrrhiza  —  1.  Wild,  Aralia 
nudicaulis,  Galium  circsezans. 

LIQUORITIA,  Glycyrrhiza. 

LIRIODEN'DRON,  from  Xipiov,  '  lily  or  tulip,' 
and  Sev^pov,  'tree.'  L.  tulipif'era,  TuMpif'era 
Lirioden'dron,  Old  loife's  shirt.  Tulip  or  Poplar 
Tree,  Tulip-hearing  or  American  Poplar,  White 
Wood,  Cypress  Tree,  (New  England,)  (F.)  Tuli- 
pier.  The  bark  —  Liriodendron  (Ph.  U.  S.)  — 
especially  of  the  root,  of  this  noble  forest  tree, 
which  is  indigenous  in  the  United  States,  is  a 
strong  aromatic  bitter,  and  has  been  employed 
advantageously  as  a  tonic.  An  active  principle 
was  separated  from  it  by  Professor  J.  P.  Emmet 
of  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  has  been  called 
Lirioden' drin.     It  is  not  used  in  medicine. 

LIS  BLANC,  Lilium  candidum — I.  Asphodels, 
Asphodelus  ramosus  —  I.  dee  Etangs,  Nymphaea 
alba. 

LISERON,  GRAND,  Convolvulus  sepium  — 
I.  des  Raies,  Convolvulus  sepium — I.  Mechameek, 
Convolvulus  panduratus. 

LISK,  Inguen. 

LISTS,  Flanks. 


LISTON'S  ISINGLASS  PLASTER  5i8 


LITHOTHRYPSIS 


LISTON'S  ISINGLASS  PLASTER,  see  Spa- 
radrapum  adhaesivum. 

LITE,  AiTj;.  A  plaster,  formerly  made  of  ver- 
digris, vpax,  and  resin. — Galen. 

LITHAGOGEGTASIA,  Lithectasy. 
LITHAGO'GUM,   from   ^lOo;,  'a   stone,'  and 
oyiri,  'I  expel.'     A  remedy  which  was  supposed 
to  possess  the  power  of  expelling  calculi.     Also, 
a  lithotomy  forceps. 

LITHAiSITHRAX,  Carbo  fossilis. 
LITHANTHROKOKALI,  Anthrakokali. 
LITHARGE,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — 1. 
of  Gold,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — 1.  of 
Silver,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

LITHARGYRI  ACETUM,  Liquor  plumbi sub- 
acetatis. 

LITHARGTRUM,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 

LITHARGTRUS,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 

LITHAS,  Urate. 

LITHATE,  Urate— 1.  of  Soda,  Urate  of  soda. 
LITHECTASY,  Lithecta'sia,  Lithagnrjeeta'sia, 
Lithodecta' sia,  from  Xido;,  '  a  stone,'  and  ektoctis, 
*  dilatation  ;'  Cystec'tasy.  An  operation  which 
consists  in  extracting  stone  from  the  bladder  by 
dilating  the  neck  of  the  organ,  after  making  an 
incision  in  the  perineum,  and  opening  the  mem- 
branous portion  of  the  urethra. 

LITH'IA,  Lrthi'asis,  LitJiogen'ia,  Uri'asis, 
Urolithiasis,  Cachex'ia  calculo'sa,  Cdlcu'li  3Ior- 
hus,  Lapilla'tio,  Genera'tio  cal'cuU,  from  XiSof,  'a 
stone.'  The  formation  of  stone,  gravel,  or  con- 
cretions in  the  human  body.  Also,  an  affection 
in  which  the  eyelids  are  edged  with  small,  hard, 
and  stone-like  concretions. 

Lith'ia,  Car'bonatk  of,  Lith'im  Car'bonas, 
Lith'ium  Carbon'ieum,  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Lithine. 
A  salt  found  in  certain  mineral  waters,  which 
liave  been  serviceable  in  lithuria.  Hence,  it  has 
been  suggested  in  that  morbid  condition. 

LiTHiA  Renalis  Arenosa,  Gravel— 1.  Renalis, 
Nephrolithiasis — 1.  Vesicalis,  Calculi,  vesical. 
LITHIA  CARBONAS,  Lithia,  carbonate  of. 
LITHIASIS,  Lithia— L  Cystica,   Calculi,  ve- 
eical — 1.  Nephritica,  Gravel,  Nephrolithiasis. 

Lithi'asis  Pulmo'num,  Pidmo'nes  tnrtariza'ti. 
The  formation  of  concretions  in  the  lungs,  occa- 
sioning at  times  Litho-phthi' siSfPJit.Msis  ealculo' sa, 
Phthisie  calculeuse,-  of  Bayle. 

LiTHiASis  Renalis  Arenosa,  Gravel  —  1.  Re- 
nalis, Nephrolithiasis  —  1.  Vesicalis,  Calculi,  ve- 
sical. 

LITHIC,  Lith'icus.  Belonging  to  lithie  or 
uric  acid,  or  to  stone :  hence  Lithia  Diaih'esis. 
Also,  an  antilithic. 

LiTHic  Acid,  Uric  acid  —  1.  Acid  diathesis,  Li- 
thuria—  1.  Diathesis,  Lithuria— 1.  Sediments,  see 
Lithuria. 

LITHINE,  CARBONATE  DE,  Lithia,  car- 
bonate of. 

LITHIUM  CARBONICUM,  Lithia,  carbon- 
ate of. 

LITHIURIA,  Lithuria. 
LITHOCENOSIS,  Lithotrity. 
LITHOCYSTOTOMY,  Lithotomy. 
LITHOCLAST,  see  Lithotrity. 
LITHOCLASTIA,  Lithotrity. 
LITHODECTASTA,  Lithectasy. 
LITHODIAL'YSIS,  from  AtSof,  'a  stone,'  and 
iioKvui,  'to  dissolve.'     The  dissolving  of  a  stone 
in  the  bladder. 

LITHODRAS'SIC,  Lithodras'sicus,  (F.)  Litho- 
drassique,  from  )nQog,  'a  stone,'  and  Spaacrsiv,  'to 
seize  hold  of.'  An  epithet  given  to  a  form  of 
stone  forceps — Pinee  lithodrassique — used  in  the 
operation  of  lithotrity,  by  MM.  Meirieu  and 
Tanchou. 
LITHOGENIA,  Lithia. 


LITHOID,  Litho'des,  Litho'i'des;  from  Xt9os, 
'stone,'  and  tiioj,  'resemblance.'  Of  the  nature 
of  stone,  or  resembling  stone  :  as 

LITHOiDES  OS,  see  Temporal  bone. 
LITHOLABE  (F.),  Lithol'abum,  from    AifJof, 
'a  stone,'  and  Xa/So),  Xa^l^avu,  'I  seize  hold  of.' 
An  instrument,  employed  for  laying  hold  of  a 
stone  in  the  bladder,  and  keeping  it  fixed,  so  that 
lithotritic  instruments  can  act  upon  it. 
LITHOLABON,  Forceps,  (Lithotomy.) 
LITHOL'ABUM,   from   Ai9os,    'a   stone,'  and 
Xa///3avw,  'I  seize.'     An  instrument  concerned  in 
extracting  stone  from  the  bladder.     It  had  va- 
rious shapes. — Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente,  Hil- 
danus. 

LITH'OLYTE,  from  'XiBos,  'a  stone,'  and  \vu, 
'1  dissolve.'  An  instrument,  of  the  catheter 
kind,  for  conveying  solvents  of  calculi  into  the 
bladder. 

LITHOLYTIC,  Lithontriptie. 

LITHOME'TRA,  from  Xtdos,  'a  stone,'  and 
unrpa,  '  the  uterus.'  Osseous,  or  other  concretions 
of  the  uterus. 

LITHONEPHRITIS,  see  Nephritis. 

LITHONLYTIC,  Lithontriptie. 

LITHONTHRYPTIC,  Lithontriptie. 

LITHONTRIP'TIC,  Lithontrip'ticus,  Lithon- 
th}-yp'tic,  Litholyt'ic,  Lithonlyt'ic,  CcdcuUfragus, 
Saxif'ragus,  from  XiOoj,  'a  stone,'  and  diwnrw,  'I 
break  in  pieces.'  A  remedy  believed  to  be  capa- 
ble of  dissolving  calculi  in  the  urinary  passages. 
There  is  not  much  reliance  to  be  placed  upon 
such  remedies.  By  antilithics,  exhibited  accord- 
ing to  the  chemical  character  of  the  calculus  (see 
Calculi,  urinary,)  the  disease  may  be  prevented 
from  increasing  ;  but  most  of  the  vaunted  lithon- 
triptics  for  dissolving  the  calculus  already  formed 
have  been  found  unworthy  of  the  high  enco- 
miums which  have  accompanied  their  intro- 
duction. 

LITHOP^'DION,  Tn/ans  lapid'eus,  Osteopw'- 
dion,  from  \l&os,  'a  stone,'  and  Trais,  -naiSos,  'a 
child.'  A  foetus,  petrified  in  the  body  of  the 
mother. 

LITHOPH'AGUS,  from  Xi9os,  'a  stone,'  and 
(payu),  'I  eat.'  A  stone-eater.  Cases  are  on  re- 
cord of  persons  who  have  swallowed  stones  for 
purposes  of  exhibition. 

LITHOPHTHISIS,  see  Calculi,  pulmonary, 
and  Lithiasis  pulmonum. 

LITHOPRINIE,  Lithotrity. 

LITHOPIUONE,  from  'KiBoi,  'a  stone,'  and 
■npiMf,  'a  saw.'  An  instrument  proposed  by  M. 
Leroy  for  preventing  the  fragments  of  a  calculus, 
when  subjected  to  lithotrity,  from  falling  into  the 
bladder.     It  is  a  variety  of  litholabe. 

LITHOPRISIE,  Lithotrity. 

LITHORINEUR,  from  XiBoi,  'a  stone,'  and 
pivuv,  'to  file.'  An  instrument,  proposed  by  MM. 
Meirieu  and  Tanchou  for  filing  down  calculi  in 
the  bladder. 

LITHOS,  Calculus. 

LITHOSPER'MUM  OFFICINA'LE,  MiViinn 
Solis,  JEgon'ychon,  Gromwell,  Bastard  Al'lcanet, 
Lt'ttle-ioale,  (F.)  Gremil  ojficinal,  Ilerbe  aux  Perles. 
Ord.  Boraginete.  The  se-eds  of  this  plant  were 
formerly  supposed,  from  their  stony  hardness, 
[Xtiros,  'a  stone,'  and  aircfiiia,  'seed,')  to  be  effica- 
cious in  calculous  affections.  They  have,  also, 
been  considered  diuretic. 

LiTHOSPERMUM  ViLLOSUM,  Anchusa  tinctoria. 

LITHOTERE'THRUM,  from  XiBog,  'stone,' 
and  Tc(i£iv,  'to  rub.'     A  lithotritor. 

LITHOTHLIBIE  (F.),  from  Xidos,  'stone,'  and 
SXijSu,  'I  crush.'  The  crushing  of  a  friable  cal- 
culus between  a  finger,  passed  by  the  rectum  or 
vagina  as  far  as  the  bas-fond  of  the  bladder,  and 
a  catheter  introduced  into  the  bladder. 

LITHOTHRYPSIS,  Lithotrity. 


LITHOTHRYPTORS 


549 


LITHOTOMY 


LITHOTHRYPTORS,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTOME,  Lithot'omus,  from  li^o^,  'a 
Btone,'  Tciiv(j>,  'I  cut,'  and  To/irj,  'an  incision.' 
This  name  lias  been  given  to  a  number  of  instru- 
ments of  different  shapes  and  sizes,  which  are 
used  in  the  operation  for  the  stone,  to  cut  the 
neck  or  body  of  the  bladder.  They  ought,  with 
more  propriety,  to  be  called  Cystotomes. 

The  Lithotome  Cache  of  Frere  Come  is  the 
most  known,  and  is  still  occasionally  used.  It 
is  composed  of  a  handle,  and  a  flattened  sheath, 
slightly  curved :  in  this  there  is  a  cutting  blade, 
which  can  be  forced  out,  by  pressing  upon  a  has- 
cule  or  lever,  to  any  extent  that  may  be  wished 
by  the  operator. 

A  Double  Lithotome  was  used  by  Dupuytren 
in  his  bilateral  operation.     See  Lithotomy. 

LITHOT'OMIST.  Same  etymon.  Lithot'o- 
mus. One  who  devotes  himself  entirely  to  ope- 
rating for  the  stone.  One  who  practises  litho- 
tomy. 

LITHOT'OMY,  Litliotom'ia,  Cystotom'ia,  Uro- 
lithotoni'ia,  Sectio  vesica'lis,  Lithocystot'omy. 
Same  etymon.  (F.)  Taille.  The  operation  by 
which  a  stone  is  extracted  from  the  bladder.  The 
different  methods,  according  to  which  this  opera- 
tion may  be  practised,  are  reducible  to  five  prin- 
cipal ;  each  of  which  has  experienced  numerous 
modifications. 

1.  The  Method  of  Cehus,  Metli'oduR  Celsia'na, 
Cystotom'ia  cum  appara'tu  parvo,  Appara'tus 
Minor,  Cutting  on  the  Gripe.  This  consisted  in 
cutting  upon  the  stone,  after  having  made  it  pro- 
ject at  the  perinseum  by  means  of  the  fingers 
introduced  into  the  rectum.  This  method  was 
attended  with  several  inconveniences;  such  as 
the  difficulty  of  dividing  the  parts  neatly,  injury 
done  to  the  bladder,  as  well  as  the  impossibility 
of  drawing  down  the  stone  in  many  persons.  It 
is  sometimes,  also,  called  Meth'odus  Guytonia'na; 
from  Guy  de  Cliauliac  having  endeavoured  to 
remove  from  it  the  discredit  into  which  it  had 
fallen  in  his  time.  It  was  termed  Apparatus  Mi- 
nor, (F.)  Le  petit  appareil,  from  the  small  num- 
ber of  instruments  required  in  it. 

2.  Apparatus  Major.  This  method  was  in- 
vented, in  1520,  by  John  de  Romani,  a  surgeon 
of  Cremona,  and  communicated  by  him  to  Mari- 
ano-Santo-di-Barletta,  whence  it  was  long  called 
Mariano's  Method,  Sec'tio  Maria'na.  It  was 
called,  also.  Apparatus  ifajor,  and  Cystotom'ia 
sen  Meth'odus  cum  app>ara'tu  magno,  (F.)  Le  grand 
appareil,  from  the  number  of  instruments  re- 
quired in  it.  An  incision  was  made  on  the  me- 
dian line;  but  the  neck  of  the  bladder  was  not 
comprehended  in  it.  It  was  merely  dilated.  The 
greater  apparatus  was  liable  to  many  inconveni- 
ences, such  as  ecchymoses;  contusion;  inflam- 
mation of  the  neck  of  the  bladder;  alDscesses; 
urinary  fistulas;  incontinence  of  urine;  impo- 
tence, (fee. 

3.  The  High  Operation,  Apparatus  alius,  Cys- 
totom'ia cum  apjiaratu  alto,  C.  Hypogas'trica, 
Epi  cystotom'ia,  Laparoeystotom'ia,  Sectio  seu 
Meth'odus  Franconia'na,  S.  Hypogas'trica  seu 
alta,  (F.)  Haut  appareil,  Taille  Hypogastrique, 
Taille  sus-pubienne,  was  first  practised  by  Peter 
Franco,  about  the  middle  of  the  16th  century. 
It  consisted  in  pushing  the  stone  above  the  pubis 
by  the  fingers  introduced  into  the  rectum.  Rous- 
set  afterwards  proposed  to  make  the  bladder  rise 
above  the  pubis  by  injecting  it.  The  method  had 
fallen  into  discredit,  when  Frere  Come  revived  it. 
It  is  used  when  the  calculus  is  very  large.  It 
was  practised  by  opening  first  the  membranous 
part  of  the  urethra  upon  the  catheter  passed  into 
the  canal.  Through  this  incision,  the  Sonde  ct 
dard  —  a  species  of  catheter,  having  a  spear- 
pointed  stilet  —  was  introduced  into  the  bladder. 


An  incision  was  then  made  into  the  linea  alba, 
above  the  symphysis  pubis,  of  about  four  or  fiva 
fingers'  breadth,  and  the  peritoneum  detached 
to  avoid  wounding  it.  The  stilet  was  pushed 
through  the  bladder,  and  used  as  a  director  for 
the  knife,  with  which  the  bladder  was  divided 
anteriorly,  as  far  as  the  neck ;  and  the  stone  ex- 
tracted. It  was  performed  in  England  by  Dou- 
glass, in  1719,  and  since  by  others,  with  various 
modifications. 

4.  The  Lat'eral  Operation,  Hypocysteotom'ia, 
Cystotom'ia  latera'lis,  Cystauchenotom'ia,  Cysto- 
trachelotom'ia,  Urethrocystauchenotom'ia,  Ure- 
throcysteotrachelolom'ia,  Sec'tio  latera'lis,  Appa- 
ra'tus latera'lis,  (F.)  Appareil  lateralise,  so 
named  from  the  prostate  gland  and  neck  of  the 
bladder  being  cut  laterally,  was  probably  in- 
vented by  Peter  Franco.  It  was  introduced  into 
France  by  Frere  Jacques  de  Beaulieu.  He  per- 
formed it  with  rude  instruments,  invented  by 
himself,  and  improved  by  the  suggestions  of  some 
of  the  Parisian  surgeons.  In  England,  it  re- 
ceived its  earliest  and  most  important  improve- 
ments from  the  celebrated  Cheselden.  It  is  the 
method  practised  at  the  present  day,  according 
to  different  modes  of  procedure.  In  this  method, 
the  patient  is  placed  upon  a  table ;  his  legs  and 
thighs  are  bent  and  separated;  the  hands  being 
tied  to  the  feet.  The  perineum  is  then  shaved, 
and  a  staff  is  introduced  into  the  bladder;  the 
handle  being  turned  towards  the  right  groin  of 
the  patient.  An  oblique  incision  is  now  made 
from  the  raphe  to  the  middle  of  a  line  drawn 
from  the  anus  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium 
of  the  left  side;  and,  taking  the  staff  for  a  guide, 
the  integuments,  areolar  tissue  of  the  perinaeum, 
membranous  portion  of  the  urethra,  transversus 
perinsei  muscle,  bulbo-cavernosus,  some  fibres  of 
the  levator  ani,  the  prostate  and  neck  of  the 
bladder,  are  successively  divided.  For  this  latter 
part  of  the  operation,  the  knife,  the  beaked  bis- 
toury, Bistouri  ou  Lithotome  Cache,  cutting  gor- 
get, &e.,  is  used,  according  to  the  particular  pre- 
ference. The  forceps  are  now  introduced  into 
the  bladder,  and  the  stone  extracted.  In  the 
operation,  care  must  be  taken  not  to  injure  the 
rectum,  or  the  great  arterial  vessels,  distributed 
to  the  perineeum. 

A  variety  of  the  Lateral  Apparatus,  called  by 
the  French  Appareil  lateral,  consisted  in  cutting 
into  the  has-fond  of  the  bladder,  without  touch- 
ing the  neck  of  that  organ ;  but  it  was  soon 
abandoned,  on  account  of  its  inconveniences. 

The  method  of  Le  Cat  and  of  Pajola — Urethro- 
cysteo-aneurysmatotorn'ia  —  consists  in  dividing 
the  prostate  in  part  only,  —  the  enlargement 
of  the  wound  being  effected  by  a  peculiar 
dilator. 

The  Bilat'eral  Operation  is  founded  on  that  of 
Celsus.  It  consists  in  making  an  incision  poste- 
rior to  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  and  anterior  to 
the  anus,  involving  both  sides  of  the  perinEeum 
by  crossing  the  raphe  at  right  angles:  an  incision 
is  then  made  through  the  membranous  part  of 
the  urethra,  and  the  prostate  may  be  cut  bilate- 
rally, either  with  the  double  lithotome  of  Dupuy- 
tren, or  the  prostatic  bisector  of  Dr.  Stevens,  of 
New  York. 

5.  Lithotomy  hy  the  Rectum,  Proctocystofom'ia, 
Sec'tio  recto-vesica'lis,  (P.)  Taille  par  la  Rectum, 
Taille  posterieure,  T.  Recto-vesicale.  This  was 
proposed  by  Vegetius  in  the  i6th  century;  but 
it  was  never  noticed  until  M.  Sanson,  in  the  year 
1817,  attracted  attention  to  it;  since  which  time 
it  has  been  successfully  performed  in  many  in- 
stances. It  consists  in  penetrating  the  bladder 
through  the  paries  corresponding  with  the  rec- 
tum, by  first  cutting  the  spinchter  ani  and  rectum 
about  the  root  of  the  penis,  and  penetrating  the 


LITHOTEESIS 


550 


LIVER 


bladder  by  the  neck  of  that  organ,  dividing  the 
prostate, — or  by  its  bas-fond. 

Lithotomy  in  women,  from  the  shortness  of  the 
urethra,  is  a  comparatively  insignificant  operation. 

Lithotomy  by  the  E,bctum,  see  Lithotomy — 1. 
by  the  Vagina,  see  Lithotomy. 

LITHOTRESIS,  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTRIPSIS,  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTRIPSY,  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTRIPTORS,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITnOTElTES,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTRITEURS,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTRITOR,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITHOT'RITY,  Lithotri' tia,  Lithotryp'sy, 
Litliotripsy,  Lithothrip'sy,  Lithothrypsis,  LitJio- 
tre'sis,  Lithotripsis,  Litlweeno'ais,  Lithoclas' tia, 
Lithoprinie,  Lithoprisie,  (F.)  Broiement  de  la 
Pierre,  from  Xi^os,  'a  stone,'  and  rp(/3u,  '  I  break. 
The  operation  of  breaking,  bruising  or  sawing 
the  stone  in  the  bladder.  It  has  been  performed, 
of  late  years,  with  success,  by  French,  and,  after 
them,  by  English  and  American  surgeons.  The 
instruments  employed  for  this  purpose  are  called, 
in  the  abstract,  Lithotrites,  Lithotriteurs,  LitJiot'- 
ritors,  Lilhotriptors,  LithotJtryptors,  Lithotrype'tce 
and  Lithoclasts.  The  most  celebrated  are  those 
of  Civiale,  Jacobson,  Heurteloup  and  Weiss.  See 
Brise-Pierre  artieule  ;  and  Percuteur  d  Marteau. 

LITHOTRYPET^,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITHOXIDU'RIA,  from  \i6oi,  'a.  stone,' oa;- 
ide,  and  ovpov,  'urine.'  The  discharge  of  urine 
containing  lithic  or  xanthic  oxide. 

LITHU'RIA,  Lithiu'ria,  Lithure'sis,  Lithou- 
rorrhee  (Piorry);  from  XiOog,  'a,  stone,'  and  ovpov, 
'urine.'  Lithic,  or  Lithic  Acid,  Diathesis.  The 
condition  of  the  system  and  of  the  urine  in  which 
deposits  of  lithic  acid  and  the  lithates  —  Lithic 
sediments  or  concretions — take  place  in  the  urine. 
See  Urine. 

LITHUS,  Calculus. 

LITMUS,  Lichen  roccella. 

LITRA,  Pound. 

LITRE,  Litra.  A  measure  containing  a  cubed 
decimetre,  which  is  equal  nearly  to  2.1135  pints. 
The  ancients  gave  the  name  litra,  Xirpa,  to  a  mea- 
sure capable  of  containing  16  ounces  of  liquid. 

LITS^A  CUBEBA,  Piper  cubeba  — 1.  Pipe- 
rita, Piper  cubeba. 

LITTLE-WALE,  Lithospermum  officinale. 

LITUS,  Liniment. 

LIVECHE,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

LIVER,  Sax.  lipep,  Hepar,  Jecur,  Jec"inus, 
(F.)  Foie.  The  liver  is  the  largest  gland  in  the 
body.  It  is  an  azygous  organ  ;  unsymmetrical ; 
very  heavy;  and  of  a  brownish-red  colour;  oc- 
cupying the  whole  of  the  right  hypochondrium, 
and  a  part  of  the  epigastrium.  Above,  it  corre- 
sponds to  the  diaphragm ;  beloio,  to  the  stomach, 
transverse  colon,  and  right  kidney ;  behind,  to 
the  vertebral  column,  aorta,  and  vena  cava;  and 
hefore,  to  the  base  of  the  chest.  Its  upper  sur- 
face is  convex  ;  the  lower,  irregularly  convex  and 
concave,  so  that  anatomists  have  divided  the 
organ  into  three  lobes,  —  a  large  or  right  or  colic 
lobe;  —  a  lesser  lobe,  lobule,  or  inferior  lobe,  the 
Lob'ulus  Spige'lii, — and  a  middle  or  left  lobe.  At 
its  inferior  surface,  are  observed:  —  1.  A  Sulcus 
or  Furrow  or  Fissure,  called  horizontal  or  longi- 
tudinal or  great  fissure,  Fossa  Umbilica'lis,  (P.) 
Sillon  horizontal,  longitudinal  ou  de  la  veine  om- 
hilicale,  Sidcus  antero-posterior  Jec'oris  seu  hori- 
eonta'lis  Jec'oris  seu  longiiudina'lis  Jecoria  seu 
sinis'ter  Jecoris  seu  Umbilica'lis,  which  lodges,  in 
the  foetus,  the  umbilical  vein  and  ductus  venosus. 
2.  The  Principal  Fissure,  termed  Sulcus  Trans- 
versns,  Fossa  transver'sa,  Transverse  fossa.  Sinus 
Porta' rum.  Porta,  P.  seu  llnntis  Jec'oris  seu  He'- 
patis  Fossa  or  Fissure  of  the  Vena  porta,  Portal 


Fiss'ure  or  Fossa,  (F.)  Sillon  transversal  ou  de  la 
veine  parte,  which  receives  the  sinus  of  the  vena 
porta.  3.  The  Fissure  of  the  Vena  Cava  infe'rior, 
Sillon  de  la  veine  cave  inferieure,  situate  at  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  organ,  and  lodging  the 
vena  cava  inferior.  4.  The  Lobidus  Spige'lii,  or 
p>osterior  portal  eminence.  5.  The  anterior  portal 
eminence,  Auri'ga  seu  Lobulus  anon'ymus.  6. 
Depressions  corresponding  to  the  upper  surface 
of  the  stomach,  gall-bladder,  arch  of  the  colon, 
right  kidney,  &c.  Continued  from  the  fossa  um- 
bilicalis  is  a  small  fossa,  called  Fossa  Ductus  Ve- 
no'si,  between  the  left  lobe  and  Lobulus  Spigelii. 
The  posterior  margin  of  the  liver  is  very  thick; 
much  more  so  than  the  anterior.  The  liver  is 
surrounded  by  a  serous  or  peritoneal  covering, 
which  forms  for  it  a  suspensory  or  broad  ligament 
and  two  lateral  and  triangular  ligaments.  See 
Falx.  The  blood-vessels  of  the  liver  are  very 
numerous.  The  hepatic  artery  and  vena  porta 
furnish  it  with  the  blood  necessary  for  its  nutri- 
tion and  the  secretion  of  bile.  The  hepatic  veins 
convey  away  the  blood,  which  has  served  those 
purposes.  The  lymphatic  vessels  are  very  nume- 
rous; some  being  superficial;  others  deep-seated. 
The  nerves  are,  also,  numerous,  and  proceed  from 
the  pneumogastrie,  diaphragmatic,  and  from  the 
hepatic  plexuses. 

The  intimate  structure  of  the  parenchyma  of 
the  liver  has  been  well  studied.  When  cut,  it  pre- 
sents a  porous  appearance,  owing  to  the  division 
of  a  multitude  of  small  vessels.  When  torn,  it 
seems  formed  of  granulations;  —  the  intimate 
structure  of  which  has  given  rise  to  many  hypo- 
theses. In  these  granulations  are  contained  the 
radicles  of  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  bile ;  the 
union  of  which  constitutes  the  hepatic  duct.  Ac- 
cording to  Mr.  Kiernan,  the  intimate  structure 
consists  of  a  number  of  lobules — hepatic  lobules, 
hepatic  islets  —  composed  o£  intralobular  or  he- 
patic veins,  which  convey  the  blood  back  that 
has  been  inservient  to  the  secretion  of  bile.  The 
interlobular  plexus  of  veins  is  formed  by  branches 
of  the  vena  porta,  which  contain  both  the  blood 
of  the  vena  porta  and  of  the  hepatic  artery;  both 
of  which,  according  to  Mr.  Kiernan,  furnish  the 
pabulum  of  the  biliary  secretion.  The  biliary 
ducts  form  likewise  an  interlobular  plexus,  having 
an  arrangement  similar  to  that  of  the  inter- 
lobular veins.  Mr.  Kiernan's  views  are  embraced 
by  many  anatomists;  but  are  denied  by  some. 

The  liver  is  the  only  organ,  which,  indepen- 
dently of  the  red  blood  carried  to  it  by  the  hepa- 
tic artery,  receives  black  blood  by  the  vena  porta. 
The  general  opinion  is,  that  the  vena  porta  is  the 
fluid  which  furnishes  bile,  whilst  that  of  the  artery 
affords  blood  for  the  nutrition  of  the  liver.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  bile  is  secreted  from  the 
blood  of  the  latter  vessel.  Besides  bile  the  liver 
forms  sugar,  and  is  a  great  assimilating  organ. 

The  liver  is  liable  to  a  number  of  diseases. 
The  principal  are  —  ITejmti'tis  or  inflammation, 
cancer,  biliary  calculi,  encysted  and  other  tumours 
or  tubercles,  hydatids,  &c. ;  and  it  has,  at  times, 
been  the  fashion  to  refer  to  it  as  the  cause  of 
symptoms  with  which  it  is  no  wise  connected. 

Liter,  Hepar.  Under  this  name  the  ancients 
designated  several  substances,  having  a  brownish 
colour  analogous  to  that  of  the  liver;  and  com- 
posed of  sulphur  and  some  other  body.  See  Po- 
tassEe  Sulphuretura,  Liver  of  Sulphur. 

LiVE«  of  Antimony  is  the  semi-vitreous  sul- 
phuret,  &Q. 

Liver  Disease,  Hepatopathia  —  I.  Fatty,  Adi- 
posis hepatica — 1.  Gin,  L.  nutmeg — 1.  Gin-drink- 
ers', L.  nutmeg  —  1.  Granulated,  Cirrhosis  of  the 
liver. 

Liver-Grown,  Tu'mido  Jec'ore  prce'ditus. 
Having  a  large  liver. 


LIVIDUS   MUSCULUS 


551 


LOBULUS 


Liter,  Hobnail,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver  —  1. 
Mammillated,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver. 

LlYER,  KuTMEG,  Hepar  variega'tmn,  Tu'leri- 
forni  liver.  An  appearance  of  the  liver  when  cut 
across,  resembling  that  of  the  section  of  a  nut- 
meg, 21yristica'tio  he'patis,  supposed  by  some  to 
be  the  result  of  intemperance  in  the  use  of  alco- 
holic drinks;  but  occurring  under  other  causes. 
The  terms  whisky  liver,  yin-driitkers'  liver,  and 
gin  liver,  occasionally  applied  to  it,  are,  conse- 
quently, not  distinctive. 

Liver  Spot,  Chloasma. 

Liver,  Toberculated,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver 
— 1.  Tuberiform,  L.  nutmeg. 

Liver  Weed,  Hepatica  triloba. 

Liver,  AVhisky,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

Liver  Wort,  Hepatica  triloba,  Marchantia  po- 
lymorpha — 1.  Wort,  ground,  ash-coloured.  Lichen 
caninus  —  1.  Wort,  Iceland,  Lichen  Islandicus  — 
1.  Wort,  noble,  Hepatica  triloba. 

LIVIDUS  MUSCULUS,  Pectinalis. 

LIVOR,  Suggillation — 1.  Emortualis,  see  Sug- 
gillation — 1.  Sanguineus,  see  Ecchymoma. 

LIVRE,  Pound. 

LIVRET,  Omasum. 

LIXIVIA  TARTARIZATA,  Potass*  tartras 

—  1.  Vitriolata,  Potassee   sulphas  —  1.   Vitriolata 
sulphurea,  Potassse  sulphas  cum  sulphure. 

LIXIVIiE  seu  KALICUM  ACETAS,  Potassae 
acetas. 

LIXIV'IAL,  Lixivio'sus,  from  lixivium,  'lee.' 
(F.)  Lixivial,  Lixivieux.  An  ancient  term  for 
salts  obtained  by  washing  vegetable  ashes, — such 
as  the  fixed  alkalies. 

LIXIVIA'TION,  Elixivia'tion,  Lixivia'tio, 
Same  etymon.  An  operation  which  consists  in 
washing  wood-ashes  with  water,  so  as  to  dissolve 
the  soluble  parts.     The  filtered  liquor  is  the  lee. 

LIXIVIUM,  Lixiv'ia,  Con'in,  Lee,  Ley,  Lye, 
(F.)  Lessive.  Any  solution  containing  potassa  or 
Eoda — Sal  lixivio'sum — in  excess;  from  lix,  'lye.' 

Lixivium  Ammoniacale,  Liquor  ammonise  — 
1.  Ammoniacale  aromaticum,  Spiritus  ammoniaj 
aromatieus  —  1.  Causticum,  Liquor  potassae  —  1. 
Magistrale,  Liquor  potassae  —  1.  Saponarium,  Li- 
quor potassse  —  1.  Tartari,  Liquor  potassje  sub- 
carbonatis. 

LIXIVUS  CINIS,  Potash  of  commerce. 

LIZARD,  Lacer'ta,  Lacer'tus,  said  to  be  so 
called  in  consequence  of  its  limbs  resembling  the 
arms  {laeerti)  of  man  [?].  Saura,  Sauros,  (F.) 
Lezard.  Lizards  were  formerly  employed  in  me- 
dicine as  sudorifics ;  and  were,  at  one  time,  ex- 
tolled in  syphilis,  cutaneous  afi'ections,  and  in 
cancer. 

LIZARD'S  TAIL,  Saururus  cernuus. 

LOADED,  see  Enduit. 

LOADSTONE,  Magnet. 

LOATHING,  Disgust. 

LOBARIA   ISLANDICA,   Lichen   Islandicus 

—  1.  Pulmonaria,  Lichen  pulmonarius  —  1.  Saxa- 
tilis.  Lichen  Saxatilis. 

LOBE,  Lobus.  A  round,  projecting  part  of  an 
organ.  The  liver,  lungs,  and  brain,  for  example, 
have  lobes. 

Lobe  of  the  Ear,  Lob'ule  of  the  Ear,  is  a  soft, 
rounded  prominence,  which  terminates  the  cir- 
cumference of  the  pavilion  inferiorly,  and  which 
is  pierced  in  those  who  wear  rings. 

The  under  surface  of  the  brain  is  divided  into 
two  anterior,  two  lateral,  two  posterior,  and  two 
intermediate  lobes  or  processes.  These  Chaussier 
calls  lobules  of  the  brain :  the  cerebral  hemi- 
spheres he  terms  lobes. 

Lobe,  Biven'tral.  A  wedge-shaped  lobe  of 
the  cerebellum,  situate  behind  the  amygdala. 

LOBE  DOUDENAL,  Lobulus  Spigelii  —  Z. 
Pancreatique,  Lobulus  Spigelii  —  I.  Petit  dufoie, 
Lobulus  Spigelii — I.  de  Spigel,  Lobulus  Spigelii. 


LOBELIA,  BLUE,  L.  syphilitica. 

Lobe'lia  Cardina'lis,  Lobelia  coecin'ea,  Tra- 
che'lium  Ameri'eanum,  Car'dinal  Plant,  Car'di- 
nal  Flower,  Scarlet  Lobelia.  Ord.  Lobeliaceas. 
This  species  is  indigenous  in  the  United  States. 
It  blooms  in  autumn,  having  beautiful  carmine 
flowers.  The  root  is  a  reputed  anthelmintic  with 
the  Indians. 

Lobelia  Coccinea,  L.  Cardinalis. 

Lobelia  Infla'ta,  Indian  or  Wild  Tobac'co, 
Puke  Weed,  Asthma  Weed,  Eyebright,  Emet'ia 
Weed,  Lobe'lia  (Ph.  U.  S.).  The  prominent  vir- 
tues of  this  American  plant  are  those  of  an 
emetic.  In  smaller  doses  it  is  sedative,  and  has 
been  given  as  a  pectoral  in  croup,  asthma,  &c. 
It  is,  also,  sudorific  and  cathartic,  and  is  an  acro- 
narcotic  poison.     Twenty  grains  act  as  an  emetic. 

Lobelia,  Palespiked,  L.  spicata. 

Lobelia  Pinifo'lia.  A  South  African  plant, 
the  root  of  which  is  excitant  and  diaphoretic. 
A  decoction  of  it  is  sometimes  used  in  the  Cape 
Colony  as  a  domestic  remedy  in  cutaneous  affec- 
tions, chronic  rheumatism,  and  gout. 

Lobelia,  Scarlet,  L.  Cardinalis. 

Lobelia  Spica'ta,  Palespiked  Lobelia;  indi- 
genous :  is  a  diuretic. 

Lobelia  Syphilit'ica,  L.  reflex'a,  Ranun'- 
culus  Virginia' nus,  Rapun'tlum  Sypjhilit'icum, 
Blue  Lobelia,  Blue  Car'dinal  Flower.  The  root 
of  this  plant,  which  is  indigenous  in  the  United 
States,  is  an  emetic  and  drastic  cathartic.  It  has 
been  used  in  syphilis;  hence  its  name.  The 
mode  of  preparing  it  is  to  boil  §ss  of  the  dried 
root  in  Oxij  of  water,  until  the  fluid  id  reduced 
to  Oviij.     Dose,  Oss. 

LOBES  BIJUMEAUX,  Quadrigemiua  tuber- 
cula — 1.  Cerebral,  see  Lobe. 

Lobes  of  the  Liver,  Pinnce  seu  Lobi  sen  Pin'- 
nulce  He'patis.     See  Lobule. 

Lobes,  Optic,  Quadrigemina  tubercula — I. 
Optiques,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

LOBI  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver  —1.  Pul- 
monum,  see  Pulmo. 

liOU'VLAH,  Lobula'ris.  Same  etymon  as  Lo- 
bule. Relating  to  or  belonging  to  a  lobule  : — as 
lobular  pneumonia,  (F.)  Pneumonic  lobuluire,  P. 
mamelonnee,  P.  disseminee.  Pneumonia  anatomi- 
cally characterized  by  nuclei  of  red  or  gray  hepa- 
tization disseminated  in  variable  numbers  in  one 
or  both  lungs. 

Lobular  Biliary  Plexus.  The  plexus  formed 
of  lobular  hepatic  ducts,  which  are  derived  chiefly 
from  the  interlobular.  This  plexus  forms  the  prin- 
cipal part  of  the  substance  of  the  lobule. 

Lobular  Venous  Plexus.  The  plexus  inter- 
posed between  the  interlobular  portal  veins,  and 
the  intralobular  hepatic  vein. 

LOB'ULE,  Lob'ulus,  diminutive  of  lobus,  'a 
lobe.'  A  little  lobe.  Mr.  Kiernan  uses  the  term 
lobule,  for  the  acinus  of  the  liver  of  many  anato- 
mists. 

Lobule  of  the  Corpus  Striatum,  Insula  ce- 
rebri—  1.  of  the  Ear,  Lobe  of  the  Ear  —  1.  of  the 
Fissure  of  Sylvius,  Insula  cerebri — /.  du  Foie,  Lo- 
bulus Spigelii — 1.  of  the  Liver,  see  Liver — 1.  of  the 
Lung,  see  Pulmo — 1.  Pneumogastric,  Flocculus.  . 

LOBULI,  see  Lobulus  —  1.  Pulmonales,  see 
Pulmo. 

LOBULUS  ACCESSORIUS  ANTERIOR 
QUADRATUS,  L.  anonymus. 

Lob'ulus  seu  Lobus  Anon'ymus,  L.  accessn'- 
rius  ante'rior  quadra'tus,  L.  quadra'tus,  (F.) 
Eminence  j>orie  anterieure.  This  is  situate  in  the 
liver  between  the  passage  for  the  round  ligament 
and  the  gall-bladder,  and  is  less  prominent,  but 
broader,  than  the  Lobulus  caudatus.  From  the 
lobulus  anonymus  a  bridge  runs  across  the  pas- 
sage for  the  round  ligament.  It  is  called  Pons 
seu  Isthmus  he'2}atis. 


LOBUS 


552     LOISELEURIA  PROCUMBENS 


LoBULXTS  seu  LoBus  Catida'tus,  Proces'sus 
cand^tus.  This  is  merely  the  root  or  one  of  the 
angjfis  of  the  lobulus  Spigelii,  advancing  towards 
the  middis  of  the  lower  side  of  the  great  lobe, 
and  representing  a  kind  of  tail.  Also,  the  termi- 
nation of  tbs  helix  and  anthelix  of  the  ear,  which  is 
separated  from  the  concha  by  an  extensive  fissure. 
Lob'ulus  CKtJTRA'Lrs.  A  small  lobule  or  pro- 
minence of  the  superior  vermiform  process  of  the 
cerebellum,  situate  m  tho  ineisura  anterior. 

LoBDLUS  Nasi,  see  Ifasus  —  1.  Pneumogastri- 
cus.  Flocculus — 1.  Posterior,  L.  Spigelii — 1.  Pos- 
ticus papillatus,  L.  Spigehi  —  L  Quadratus,  L. 
anonymus — 1.  Renum,  Ferrein,  pyramid  of. 

LoBULOS  seu  LoBus  Spige'lii,  L.  pofte'rior  seu 
posticus  papilla' tus,  (F.)  Eminence  poric  ^wste- 
rieure,  Lobule  ou  Petit  lobe  dufoie,  Lobe  dt  Spi- 
gel  ou  duodenal  ou  pancreatique,  is  situatA;  nes^: 
the  spine,  upon  the  left  side  of  the  great  lobe  of 
the  liver,  and  is  of  a  pyramidal  shape,  projecting, 
like  a  nipple,  between  the  cardia  and  vena  cava, 
at  the  small  curvature  of  the  stomach. 

LOBUS.  Lobe,  see  Lobulus  —  1.  Quadrangula- 
ris,  see  Cerebellum  —  1.  Semilunaris,  see  Cere- 
bellum— 1.  Superior  anterior,  see  Cerebellum  —  1. 
Superior  posterior,  see  Cerebellum. 

LOCAL,  Locn'lis,  Top'icus,  3fer'icus,  Partia'lis, 
Top'ical,  (F.)  Locale,  Topique.  An  affection  is 
called  local  —  Morbus  Loca'lie,  —  when  confined 
to  a  part,  without  implicating  the  general  system  ; 
or.  at  all  events,  only  secondarily.  Local  is  thus 
opposed  to  general.  A  local  or  topical  application 
is  one  used  externally.  See  Topical. 
LOCH,  Looch. 
LOCHADES,  see  Sclerotic. 
LOCHI'A  or  LO'CHIA,  Purgamen'ta  Puerpe'- 
rii  seu  U'teri,  Purga'tio  puerpe'rii,  Lyma,  from 
Xo;j(;o?,  'a  woman  in  childbed/  Xoxnn,  'parturi- 
tion;' (F.)  Suites  de  couches,  Vidanges.  The 
cleansings.  A  sero-sanguineous  discharge  follow- 
ing delivery.  During  the  first  two  or  three  days, 
it  is  bloody  ;  but  afterwards  becomes  green-co- 
loured,— green  waters — and  exhales  a  disagreeable 
and  peculiar  odour.  The  lochia,  in  di3"erent 
stages,  have  received  the  names  Lochia  cruen'ta, 
L.  sero'sa  and  L.  alba  seu  muco'sa  seu  lac'tea. 
The  duration,  quantity,  and  character  of  the  dis- 
charge vary  according  to  numerous  circumstan- 
ces. It  flows  from  the  part  of  the  uterus  which 
formed  a  medium  of  communication  between  the 
mother  and  foetus,  and  continues,  usually,  from 
14  to  21  davs.     See  Parturition. 

LOCHIOCCELIITIS,  Puerperal  fever. 
LOCHIODOCHIUM,  Lochodoehium. 
LOCHIOPYRA,  Puerperal  fever. 
LOCHIORRHAG"IA,  from  lochia,  and  prtyvvfii, 
'I  make  an  irruption.'     An  immoderate  flow  of 
the  lochia.     Hemorrhage  from  the  uterus  in  the 
child-bed  state. 

LOCHIORRHCE'A,  from  lochia,  and  pea,  'I 
flow.'  Discharge  or  immoderate  discharge  of  the 
lochia. 

LOCHIORUM  RETENTIO,  Ischoloehia. 
LOCHIOSCHESIS,  Ischoloehia. 
LOCHOCH,  Looch. 

L  0  C  H  0  D  0  C  H  I'U  M,  Lochiodoch i'tim,  from 
Xi);^o;,  '  a  female  in  childbed,'  and  Sexoiiat,  '  I  re- 
ceive.'    An  institution  for  the  reception  of  preg- 
nant and  childbed  females.     A  Lying-in-hospital. 
LOCHOMETRITIS,  see  Metritis. 
LOCHOMETROPHLEBITIS,  see  Phlebitis. 
LOCHOOPHORITIS,  see  Oaritis. 
LOCHOPERITONITIS,  see  Peritonitis. 
LOCHOS,  Puerpera. 

LOCI,  Uterus — I.  Muliebres,  Uterus,  Vulva. 
LOCK    HOSPITAL.      A    term    of    uncertain 
origin,  generally  given  to  venereal  hospitals  in 
Great  Britain. 


LOCKED  JAW,  Trismus. 
LOCKING,  Coxofemoral  articulation. 
LOCOMOTILITY,  sae  Locomotion. 
LOCOMO'TION,    Locomo'tio,    from   locus,    'a 
place,'  and  movere,  motum, 'to  move.'     An  action 
peculiar  to  animal  bodies,  by  which  they  trans- 
port themselves  from  place  to  place.     It,  as  well 
as  muscida'tion,  has  also  been  used  for  the  func- 
tion of  animal  movements.     The  faculty  is  some- 
times called  Locomotiv' ity  and  Locomotil'ity. 

Locomotion  of  an  Artery,  is  the  movement 
produced  in  the  vessel  with  a  curvature,  by  the  im- 
pulse of  the  blood  sent  from  the  heart,  which 
tends  to  straighten  the  artery,  and  causes  the 
movement  in  question. 

LOCOMOTIVITY,  see  Locomotion. 
LOCUL AMENTA  COLL  see  Colon. 
LOCUS  CINEREUS,  Substantia  ferruginea. 
LocDS  Niger,  see  Peduncles  of  the  Brain. 
Locus  Perfora'tds  Anti'cus  seu  Ante'riob. 
A  trL<>.ngular  flat  surface  of  the  brain,  which  cor- 
responds to  the  posterior  extremity  of  each  ol 
factory  prcoess  in  front  of  the  optic  tract,  an^ 
near  the  entrance  of  the  fissure  of  Sylvius.     Sub- 
stan'tia  seu  Laiwina  perfora'ta  ante'rior. 

Locus  Perforates  Posticus,  see  Tarini  pons 
LOCUST,  BLACK,  Robinia  Pseudo-acacia. 
Locust  Eaters,  Acridophagi — 1.  Plact,  CassU 
Marilandica — 1.  Tree,  Robinia  Psecdo-acacia. 
Locust,  Yellow,  Cladrastis  tinctoria. 
LODGED,  Wedged. 
LODOICEA,  see  Coco  of  the  Maldive,-. 
LOECHE,  MINERAL  WATERS    OF,  Leuk 
mineral  waters  of. 
LCEME,  Plague. 
LCEMIA,  Plague. 
LCEMICUM,  see  Loemology. 
LCEMOCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  yellow. 
LCEMOCOMI'UM,  from  Xoi/.os,  'plague,'  and 
KOfieo),  '  I  take   care  of.'     An  hospital  for  those 
affected  with  plague. 

LCEMOGRAPHY,  Loimography. 
LCEMOLOGIUM,  see  Loemology. 
LCE  M  OL' 0  Gl'',    Loe.molog"ia,    from    Xotfto;, 
'plague,'  and   )ioyog,  'a  description.'     The  doc- 
trine of  plague  and  pestilential  diseases.     A  trea- 
tise on  the  same, — Loe'micum,  Loemolog"ium. 
LCEMOPHTHALMIA,  see  Ophthalmia. 
L(EMOPYRA,  Plague. 
LCEMOS,  Plague. 
LOGADES,  Sclerotic. 
LOGADITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

LOGIA'TROS,  Logia'ter ;  from  'Koyo?,  'a  word,' 
and  larpoi,  '  a  physician.'  In  the  bad  sense,  a 
physician  without  experience;  a  mere  theorist. 
In  the  good  sense,  a  rational  physician  ;  one  who 
treats  disease  according  to  theoretical  or  scien- 
tific principles. 

LOGONEURO'SES,  from  Aoyof,  'mind,  reason,' 
and  vevpov,  '  a  nerve.'     Diseases   of  the   mental 
activity. — Romberg. 
LOGOS,  Reason. 

LOGWOOD,  Haematoxylon  Campechianum. 
LOG"Y,    \oyoi,  '  a  description.'     A  suflBx  de- 
noting 'a  treatise  or  description.'      Hence,  An- 
giology  and  Neuro/ogry,  <fec. 
LOHOCH.  Looch. 
LOIMOCHOLOSTS,  Fever,  yellow. 
LOIMOG'RAPHY,    Loimograph'ia,    Lcemog'- 
raphy,  from  Xotjioj,  'plague,'  and  ypaipoi,  'I  de- 
scribe.'    A  description  of  the  plague  and  pesti- 
lential diseases. 

LOIMOLOGY,  Loemology. 
LOIMOS,  Plague. 
LOINS,  Lumbi. 

LOISELEU'RIA  PROCUM'BENS,  Azn'lea 
procum'bens;  indigenous;  Orcier,  Ericaceae ;  has 
some  reputation  as  an  astringent. 


LOLIACEUM  RADICE  REPENTE       55  3 


LOOCH  ROUGE 


LOLIACEUM  RADICE  REPENTE,  Triticum 
repens. 

LOLIUM  ANNULUM,  L.  temulentum. 

Lo'lium  Tejiulent'um,  L.  an'nuum,  Crepa'lia 
temulen'ta,  Broniiis  temulen'tus,  Darnel,  (Prov.) 
Cockgrass,  Jam,  (F.)  Herhe  d'lvrogne.  A  species 
of  the  genus  Lolium,  (F.)  Ivraie ;  Ord.  Grami- 
ne£e ;  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  digynia,  which  has 
decidedly  poisonous  properties;  occasioning,  when 
mixed  in  bread  or  beer,  intoxication,  vertigo, 
nausea,  and  vomiting. 

LOME  AIRE,  Lumbar. 

LOMBES,  Lumbi. 

LOMBO-ABDOMINAL,  Transversalis  abdo- 
minis—  I.  Costal,  Serratus  posticus  inferior  —  I. 
Costo-trachellen,  Sacro-lumbalis — I.  Bnrso-spinal, 
Transversalis  dorsi — I.  Dorso-trachelien,  Longis- 
simus  dorsi  —  I.  Humeral,  Latissimus  dorsi — I. 
Sacre.  Lumbo-sacral. 

LOMDRIC,  Asearis  lumbricoides. 

LOMBRWAUX,  Lumbricales. 

LOMBRICOIDE,  Asearis  lumbricoides. 

LONCHADES,  see  Sclerotic. 

LONCHADITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

LONCHITIS,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

LONG,  Longus,  Macros.  That  which  is  much 
greater  in  length  than  in  breadth ;  as  the  long 
hones.  The  epithet  is,  also,  applied  to  several 
muscles,  to  distinguish  them  from  others  of  simi- 
lar function,  when  the  latter  are  shorter.  We 
say,  for  instance,  long  flexors,  and  long  extensors, 
in  opposition  to  shoi-t  flexors,  a,nA.  short  extensors. 

LONG  DU  GOV,  Longus  colli— L  du  Dos, 
Longissimus  dorsi. 

LONG^VUS,  Macrobiotic. 

LONGANON,  Rectum. 

LONGAON,  Rectum. 

LONGAS,  Rectum. 

LONGEVITY,  Longa'vitax,  from  longus, 
'long,'  and  avum,  'age,'  MacroMo'sls,  IlacrohV- 
otes.  The  prolongation  of  existence  to  an  ad- 
vanced age.  Haller  collected  examples  of  more 
than  one  thousand  centenarians.  He  had  know- 
ledge of  sixty-two  persons  aged  from  110  to  120 
years  ;  of  twenty-nine,  from  120  to  130  years  ; 
and  of  fifteen,  who  had  attained  from  130  to  140 
years.  Beyond  this  advanced  age,  examples  of 
longevity  are  much  more  rare  and  less  sufficiently 
attested. 

The  following  list  of  instances  of  very  advanced 
ages  has  been  given  : 

Lived.  Age. 

Apollonius  of  Tyana A.  D.  99. ..130 

St.  Patrick 491. ..122 

Attila 600. ..124 

Llywarch  Hen 500. ..150 

St.  Coemgene 618... 120 

Piastus,  King  of  Poland 861. ..120 

Thomas  Parr 1635. ..152 

Henry  Jenkins 1670. ..169 

Countess  of  Desmond 1612. ..145 

Thomas  Damme 1648. ..154 

Peter  Torten 1724. ..185 

Margaret  Patten 1739. ..137 

John  Rovin  and  wife 1741. ..172  and  164 

St.  Monagh  or  Kentigen 1781. ..185 

Longevity  also  means  length  or  duration  of  life, 
fF.)  Dtiree  de  la  vie.  The  mean  age  at  death, 
(F.)  Vie  moyenne,  of  different  classes  and  profes- 
sions enables  an  estimate  to  be  formed  of  the 
expectation  or  value  of  life  in  each. 

LONGING.  Malacia.  ' 

LONGISSIMUS,  superlative  of  longus,  'long.' 
Longest.  A  term  applied  to  parts,  which  are 
very  long  in  their  relation  to  others. 

LONGIS'SIMUS  DORSI,  Semi-spina'tus,  (F.) 
Lombo-dorso-traehelien,  Portion  costo-trachelienne 
du  saero-s2}inal  (Ch,1.  Long  dorsal.  Long  du  dos, 


is  situate  vertically  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
trunk,  and  fills,  in  a  great  measure,  the  vertebral 
furrows.  It  is  thick  and  almost  square  below ; 
thin  and  pointed  above.  It  is  attached  to  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  to  the  transverse 
processes  of  all  the  lumbar  and  dorsal  vertebrae, 
and  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the  last  7  or  8  ribs. 
It  maintains  the  vertebral  column  in  a  straight 
position;  straightens  it  when  bent  forwards,  and 
can  even  carry  it  back.  It  also  assists  in  the  ro- 
tatory motion  of  the  trunk. 

Longissimus  Femoris,  Sartorius  —  1.  Oculi, 
Obliquus  superior  oculi. 

LONG-SIGHTEDNESS,  Presbytia. 

LONGUS,  Long. 

LONGUS  COLLI,  {'¥.)Pre-dorso-cervical,Pr&. 
dorso-atlo'idien,  (Ch.,)  Long  du  cou.  This  muscle 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the 
vertebral  column.  It  is  long,  flat,  and  broader 
at  its  middle  than  at  its  extremities,  which  are 
pointed.  It  is  attached  to  the  anterior  surface  of 
the  bodies  of  the  first  three  dorsal  and  last  six 
cervical  vertebrae;  to  the  intervertebral  ligaments  ; 
to  the  anterior  edge  of  the  transverse  piroeesses  of 
the  last  five  cervical  vertebrte  ;  and  to  the  tuber- 
cle on  the  anterior  arch  of  the  first.  This  muscle 
bends  the  cervical  vertebrae  upon  each  other  and 
upon  the  dorsal  vertebrte.  If  the  upper  portion 
acts  on  one  side  only,  it  occasions  the  rotation  of 
the  atlas  on  the  vertebra  dentata;  and,  conse- 
quently, of  the  head  on  the  neck. 

LONICERA  GERMANICA,  L.  Periclymenum 
— 1.  Marilandica,  Spigelia  Marilandica. 

Lonice'ra  Periclym'enum,  L.  German'ica, 
Periclyni'enum,  P.  vidga're,  Cajjrifo'lium,  C.  Peri- 
clym'enum seu  sylvat'icum  seu  distinct' um.  Common 
Woodbine,  Honeysuckle,  (Prov.)  Suckling,  (F.) 
Chevre-feuille.  This  common  plant  is  slightly 
astringent  and  tonic,  and  was  formerly  much  used 


Lonice'ra  Sempervi'rens,  Caprifo'lium,  sem- 
pervirens.  Scarlet  or  Trumpet  Honeysuckle.  Ord. 
Caprifoliaceffi ;  indigenous.  A  syrup  of  the 
leaves  is  said  to  have  been  given  in  asthma  aiid 
in  amygdalitis.  [?] 

LONK,  Coxofemoral  articulation. 

LOOCH,  Lohoch,  Lof;h,  Lochoch,  Looch,  of 
Arabic  extraction.  A  linctus.  See  Eclegma  and 
Eclectos. 

Looch  absque  Emulsio'ne  Para'tum,  Look 
prepare  sans  emulsion ;  Looch  prepjared  without 
emulsion.  (Pulv.  g.  trag.  gr.  xvj — gr.  xxx,  ol. 
amygd.  didc.  ^ss.,  sacchar.  3J,  aqucB  §iij,  aqvcB 
flor.  aurant.  ^ij-  Mix  by  rubbing  in  a  marble 
mortar.)     Demulcent. 

Looch  Album,  L.  amygdali'num,  Linctus  alhua 
seu  amygdalinus  seu  commu'nis,  Ecleg'ma  cdbura 
seu  gurnmo' so-oleo' sum,  (F.)  Looch  blanc,  L.  b. 
amygdalin,  L.  b.  pectoral.  [Amygd.  dulc.  ^ss, 
amygd.  amar.  No.  ij,  sacchar.  alb.  ^iv.  Make  an 
emulsion  by  gradually  adding  ,^iv  of  icater.  Then 
take  pulv.  tragacanfl.  gr.  xvj.  ol.  amygd.  dulc, 
recent.  §ss,  sacch.  ^ij.  Add  the  almond  milk 
gradually  to  this,  and  afterwards  aq.  for.  aurant^ 
^ij.  Ph.  P.)     It  is  demulcent  and  pectoral. 

Looch  Amygdalinum,  L.  album  —  I.  Blanc,  L. 
album  —  1.  cum  Croco  et  pistaciis,  L.  viride  —  1. 
of  Egg,  L.  ex  Ovo. 

Looch  ex  Ovo,  L.  pectora'le  len'iens,  Potio  seu 
emnl'sio  seu  mistu'ra  len'iens  seu  oleo'sa,  Looch 
of  Egg,  (F.)  Look  d'oeuf  Looch  rouge,  Emulsion 
huilcuse,  Ifixture  calmante.  Potion  pectorale,  Lait 
adoucissant.  (  Vitell.  ovi.  recent.  ,^ss,  ol.  amygd. 
dulc.  .^iss,  syrup,  althaa,  §j.  Rub  in  a  mortar, 
and  add  by  degrees,  aq.  flor.  aurant.  ^j,  aq. 
papav.  rhoead.  ^ij.  Ph.  P.)  Virtues  the  same 
as  the  preceding. 

LOOCH  ROUGE,  L.  ex  Ovo  —  ?.  Vert,  L. 
viride. 


LOOK 


55  4 


LOZENGES 


LooCH  Vir'idk,  L.  cum  croce  et  pista'ciis,  (F.) 
Looch  vert.  [Syrup.  Violar.  ^j,  tiiicf.  croei  gtt. 
XX.,  aqucB  5^^-  -^iix,  and  add  jjistacioe  semin.  sice. 
3vj.     Ph.  P.)     Virtues  like  the  last. 

LOOK,  Looch  —  I.  d'CEuf,  Looch  ex  ovo — I. 
Prepare  sans  emulsion,  Looch  absque  emulsione 
paratum. 

LOOSE  STEIFE,  CREEPING,  Lysimachia 
nummularia — 1.  s.  Four-leaved,  Lysimachia  quad- 
rifolia. 

LOOSENESS,  Diarrhoea  — 1.  of  the  Teeth, 
Odontoseisis. 

LOPEZ  RADIX,  Radix  lopezia'na  seu  In'- 
dica  lopezia'na.  The  root  of  an  unknown  Indian 
tree,  not  possessed  of  any  remarkable  smell  or 
tdste,  or  of  any  appearance  of  resinous  matter. 
It  has  been  extolled,  notwithstanding,  in  cases  of 
colliquative  diarrhoea.  Gaubius  compares  its  ac- 
tion to  that  of  simarouba,  but  thinks  it  more 
efficacious. 

LOPHADIA,  Lophia. 

LOPHIA,  Lopha' dia,  \o(pia.  The  upper  part 
of  the  neck.  The  first  vertebra  of  the  back  — 
Ver'tehra  dorsi  prima. — Gorrseus. 

LOPIMA,  Faarus  castanea. 

LOQUACITY,  Garru'litas;  from  loquor,  '1 
speak.  (F.)  Babillement.  The  act  of  speaking 
with  volubility.  It  is  sometimes  a  symptom  of 
disease,  and  is  observable  in  hj-steria,  (tc. 

LOQUELA,  Voice,  articulated  —  1.  Abolita, 
Aphonia — 1.  Blsesa,  Balbuties  —  1.  Impedita,  Ba- 
ryphonia. 

LOPtDO'SIS,  Lordo'ma,  from  Xopiog,  'curved,' 
'bent.'  Pepanda'tio,  Jiej^an'ditas.  A  name  given 
to  curvatures  of  the  bones  in  general ;  and  par- 
ticularly to  that  of  the  vertebral  column  forwards  ; 
Spina  dorsi  intror'snm  fiexa,  Emprosthocyrto'ma. 
This  gives  rise  to  the  projection  of  the  sternum 
called  chicJcen-breasfed  or  pigeon-breasted.  Pec- 
tus carina'tum,  Pig"eon  breast^  narrow  chest. 

LORIND  MATRI'CIS,  Epilep'sia  vteri'na, 
Convulsi'vus  ute'ri  morbus,  A  barbarous  name 
given  to  a  pretended  epilepsy  of  the  womb. 

LORIPES,  see  Kyllosis. 

LORUS,  Hydrargyrum. 

LOT,  Urine. 

LOTA  MOLVA,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  — 1. 
Vulgaris,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

LOTIO,  Enema,  Lotion  — 1.  Cupri  sulphatis 
camphorata.  Lotion,  camphorated,  of  Bates  —  1. 
Rubra,  Lotion,  camphorated,  of  Bates. 

LoTIO  Rubra,  Red  icash,  {Hydrarg.  ehlorid. 
corrosiv.  gr.  xviii ;  IT.  sidphurefi  rubr.  gr.  ix  ; 
Creasot.  f^  vi ;  AqjicB  f^viij.  May  be  u?ed  in 
the  proportion  of  f ^j  ;  to  from  f^i  to  f^iij  of 
water;  like  the  yellow  wash. 

LoTio  Saponacea,  see  Sapo. 

LO'TION,  Lo'tio,  Lotu'ra,  from  lavare  latum, 
'to  wash.'  (F.)  Hydrolotif,  Hydrole.  A  fluid 
external  application.  Lotions  are  ordinarily  ap- 
plied by  wetting  linen  in  them  and  keeping  it  on 
the  part  affected. 

Lotion,  Barlow's,  Lotion  of  Sulph'uret  of 
2)otass'inm.  (Potassii  sulphur,  ^uy,  Sapnn.  ^\^s; 
Aq.  Calcis,  f^viiss  ;  alcohol,  diluf.  f^ij.  M.) 
Used  in  various  chronic  cutaneous  diseases. 

Lotion,  Camph'orated,  of  Bates,  Bates  s 
camph'orated  loater,  Lo'tio  cupri  sulpha'tis  cam- 
phora'ta,  Lo'tio  rubra.  Red  wash.  (Cupri  snlphat. 
,^ij  ;  Bol.  rubr.  Jij  ;  Camphor,  .^ss  ;  Aq.  bullient. 
Oij.  Strain  through  linen,  f^ij  of  this,  added 
to  fgiv  of  water,  forms  Bates's  Collyrium,  Col- 
lyr'ium  Batea'num,  which  may  also  be  made  ex- 
temporaneously as  follows:  —  Cupri  sidphat.gr. 
viij  :  boli,  gr.  viij  ;  Camphor,  gr.  ij  ;  Aq.  bullient. 
f^viij.     Mix  and  filter. 

LoTiox,  Febure's.  a  cancer  remedy,  which 
consisted  of  arsenic,  gr.  x ;  icater,  Oj  ;  extract  of 


hemlock,  ^j  ;  Liquor  Plumbi  subaeetatis,  f^iij  ; 
laudanum,  f^j. 

Lotion,  Gowland's.  An  empirical  prepara- 
tion. {Bitter  almonds,  ^j  ;  sugar,  ^ij  ;  distilled 
water,  tbij.  Grind  together,  strain,  and  add  cor- 
rosive sublimate,  ^ij,  previously  ground  with  sp. 
vini  rect.  ^ij.)     Used  in  obstinate  eruptions. 

Lotion,  Granville's  Counter -Irritant, 
Granville's  Lotion,  Granville' s  antid' ynons  lotion. 
Of  this  lotion.  Dr.  Granville  gives  two  forms  —  a 
milder,  and  a  stronger.  The  milder  is  made  as 
follows  :  Liq.  ammon.  fort,  f  ^j  ;  Sp.  Rosmarin. 
f  ^vj  ,•  Tinct.  camphor,  f^ij,  M. 

The  stronger  is  made  as  follows  :  Liq.  ammon. 
fort,  f^x;  Spir.  Rosmar.  f^ss;   Tinct.  camphor, 

f3u.  M. 

The  stronger  lotion  vesicates  rapidly.  A  piece 
of  cotton  or  linen  folded  six  or  seven  times,  or  a 
piece  of  thick  flannel  may  be  imbued  with  them, 
and  laid  for  a  few  minutes  on  the  part  to  be  irri- 
tated. 

The  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia  has  a  Linimen'tum 
Ammo' nice  Compos' itum,  Compouiid  Liniment  of 
Ammonia,  which  is  a  close  imitation  of  Gran- 
ville's Lotion. 

Lotion,  Hannat's,  Preven'tive  wash.  This 
famous  nostrum  for  the  prevention  of  venereal 
infection,  was  nothing  more  than  a  solution  of 
caustic  potass. 

Lotion,  Hydrocyan'ic,  Lotio  Ac"idi  Hydro- 
cyan' ici.  (Hydrocyanic  acid,  f^}^;  rectified  sjiirit 
of  wine,  f^j  ;  distilled  icater,  f^xss.)  Used  with 
much  success  in  impetigo,  (fee. 

Lotion,  Struve's,  for  Hooping-Cough.  (An- 
tim.  et  Potass,  tart,  ^j  •  AqucB,  ^ij.  Add  tinct. 
cantharid.  ^j.) 

LOTTUM,  Urine. 

LOTURA,  Lotion. 

LOTUS  SYLVESTRIS,  Trifolium  melilotus— 
1.  Virginiana,  Diospyros  Virginiana. 

LOUCHEMENT,  Strabismus. 

LOUCHE S,  see  Strabismus. 

LOUPE,  Wen. 

LOUSE.  Pediculus. 

LOUSINESS.  Phtheiriasis. 

LOUSY  DISEASE,  Phtheiriasis. 

LOUTRON,  Bath. 

LOVAGE,  Ligusticum  levistieum. 

LOVE,  Eros,  Amor,  from  Sax.  Inpian,  (G.) 
lieben,  'to  love.'  (F.)  Amour.  A  tender  and 
elevated  feeling,  which  attracts  one  sex  to  the 
other.  Love  is  occasionally  a  cause  of  disease, 
especially  of  insanity. 

Love  Apple  Plant,  Solanum  lycopersienm  — 
1.  Begot,  Illegitimate  —  1.  Child,  Illegitimate  —  I. 
Pea,  Abrus  precatorius. 

LOW  SPIRITS,  Hypochondriasis. 

LOWER,  TUBERCLE  OF,  Tuber'cuhm  Low- 
eri.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  a  small 
projection,  the  existence  of  which  is  by  no  means 
constant,  and  which  is  found  in  the  sinus  venosus, 
between  the  superior  and  inferior  cava. 

LOXAR'THRUS,  Loxar'thrum,  from  Inim, 
'oblique,'  and  apSpov,  'articulation.'  (F.)  Perver. 
sion  de  la  tete  des  os  et  des  muscles.  A  vicious 
deviation  or  direction  of  the  joints,  without  spasm 
or  luxation, — as  in  clubfoot. 

LOXIAS,  Torticollis. 

LOXOPHTHALMUS,  Strabismus. 

LOZANGIA,  Lozenge. 

LOZENGE,  Tabella. 

LOZENGES,  BARK,  Tabellse  cinchonfe  — 1. 
of  Catechu  and  magnesia,  Tabellae  antimoniales 
Kunckglii  — 1.  Faustinus's,  Faustini  pastilli  —  1. 
for  the  Heart-burn,  Troehisci  carbonatis  calcis  — 
1.  Magnesia,  Tabellae  de  magnesia — 1.  of  Marsh- 
mallows,  Tabellae  de  althaea  —  1.  of  Oxalic  acid, 
Tabellae  acidi  oxalici  —  1.  Pectoral,  black,  Tro- 
ehisci glyeyrrhizae  glabrae — 1.  Pectoral,  of  eme- 


LUBIDO 


555 


LUMBI 


tine,  Trochisci  emetinae  pectorales  —  1.  Rhubarb, 
Tabellae  de  rheo- — •  1.  of  Scammony  and  senna, 
compound,  Tabellie  de  scammonio  et  senna — 1. 
Spitta's,  see  Trochisci  glycj'rrhizae  cum  opio  —  1. 
Steel,  Tabellae  de  ferro  —  1.  Steel,  aromatic,  see 
Tabellas  de  ferro— 1.  Sulphur,  simple,  Tabellae  de 
sulphure  simplices  —  1.  Sulphur,  compound,  Ta- 
bellae de  sulphure  compositae  —  1.  of  Sulphuret 
of  antimony,  Tabellae  antimoniales  Kunckelii — 
I.  Wistar's,  Trochisci  glycyrrhizae  cum  opio  —  1. 
"Worm,  Ching's,  see  Worm  lozenges,  (Ching's.) 

LUBIDO,  Libido — 1.  Intestini,  Voluntas  dese- 
dendi. 

LUBRICAISTTIA,  Demulcents,  Emollients. 

LUBRICUM  CAPUT,  Penis. 

LUCCA,  MINERAL  WATERS  AND  CLI- 
MATE OF.  The  baths  and  waters,  near  this 
ancient  Italian  city,  have  been  long  celebrated. 
They  are  thermal,  and  resemble,  in  properties, 
those  of  Plombiferes  in  France,  and  of  Bath 
England.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  sulphates 
of  alumina,  soda,  magnesia,  and  iron.  There  are 
ten  different  sources,  the  temperature  of  which 
varies  from  94°  to  130°  Fahr.  " 

Lucca  is  much  frequented  in  summer ;  partly 
on  account  of  its  mineral  waters,  but  more  on 
account  of  the  coolness  of  the  situation. 

LUCID,  Lu'eidus,  from  Itteeo,  '  I  shine.'  In 
medicine,  the  word  lucid  is  particularly  applied 
to  the  intervale,  IntervaVla  lu'cida,  of  apparent 
reason,  which  occur  in  mental  alienation. 

LUCIFER  -  MATCH  -  MAKERS'  DISEASE, 
see  Phosphorus. 

LUCIF'UGUS,  from  lux,  lucis,  'light,'  and 
fucjere,  'to  shun.'  Photoph' ohiis,  PJioio-phob'ieus. 
Dreading  or  avoiding  the  light. 

LUCINA,  Ilithyia. 

LUCOMAXIA,  Lyeanthropia. 

LUCTUEUXiF.),  Luctuo'sus,  'mournful.' 
Plaintive.  An  epithet  applied  to  the  respiration 
— '(F.)  PLespiration  luctueuae — when  accompanied 
bv  moaning. 

"LUC'UJIA,  (S.)  A  fruit  which  grows  in  the 
southern  provinces  of  the  coast  of  Peru,  and  the 
north  of  Chili.  It  is  round;  and  the  gray-brown 
husk  encloses  a  fibrous,  dry,  yellow-coloured  fruit 
with  its  kernel. — Tschudi. 

LUCUMORIA'XUS,  probably  from  lux,  'light,' 
and  morari,  'to  tarry.'  Continuing  for  several 
days:  hence,  Dormit" to  lucwnoria'tta.  A  morbid 
sleep  persisting  for  several  days. 

LUDUS  HELMOX'TII,  L,  Paracel'si,  Pel 
terra.  A  calcareous  stone,  the  precise  nature  not 
known,  which  was  used  b}'  the  ancients  in  calcu- 
lous affections.  The  term  was  also  applied  to 
every  species  of  calculous  concretion  occurring 
in  the  animal  body. 

LuDus  Pahacelsi,  L.  Helmontii. 

LUDWIG'IA  PALUS'TRIS,  L.nit'idn,l8nar'. 
dia  palus'tris,  Water  Purslaine,  Phthisis  Weed. 
Order,  Onagraeese ;  indigenous.  An  infusion  of 
the  dried  plant  has  been  used  as  a  pectoral  in 
asthma  and  chronic  cough. 

LUES,  Disease,  Plague,  Syphilis  —  1.  Divina, 
Epilepsy — 1.  Dysenterica,  Dysentery — 1.  G-onor- 
rhoica,  Gonorrhoea  impura — 1.  Gutturis  epidemi- 
ca,  Cynanche  maligna  —  1.  Indica,  Framboesia — 
1.  Inguinaria,  Plague — 1.  Pannoniae,  Fever,  Hun- 
gary— 1.  Polonica,  Plica — 1.  Sarmatica.  Plica — 1. 
Syphilis,  Syphilis — 1.  Syphilodes,  Syphilis  pseu- 
do-syphilis— 1.  Trichomatica,  Plica — 1.  Venerea, 
Syphilis — 1.  Scorbutica,  see  Purpura. 

LUETTE,  Uvula  —  I.  Vesicale,  see  Urinary 
bladder. 

LUG,  Ear. 

LUGDUS,  Erysipelas. 

LUJULA,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

LULLABY  SPEECH,  Lallation. 

LUMBA'GO,  from  lumbi,  '  the  loins.'  Arthro'- 


sia  lumbo'rum,  Lumbago  seu  NejihraVgia  rheu- 
mat'ica,  liachirrheu'ma,  Raehiorrheu'ma,  Pheu- 
matis'mua  dorsa'lis,  Osphyrrheu'ma.  Rheuma- 
tism affecting  the  lumbar  region. 

Lumba'go  psoad'iea,  L.  apoitemato'sa,  L.  ab 
arthroc'ace.  Pain  in  the  loins  from  abscess.  See 
Psoitis. 

Lumbago  a  Nisu,  see  Effort. 

LUMBAR,  Luniba'ris  seu  Lvmba'lis,  (F.)  Lom- 
baire.  From  lumbi,  'the  loins.'  Belonging  or 
having  reference  to  the  loins. 

Lumbar  Abscess,  Psoas  abscess,  Aposte'ma 
psoat'icum,  Absces'sus  lumbo'rum.  Morbus  psoad'- 
icns.  This  abscess  is  so  called  from  the  matter 
being  found  on  the  side  of  the  psoas  muscle,  or 
betwixt  that  and  the  iliacus  internus.  Between 
these  muscles  is  a  quantity  of  loose,  areolar  sub- 
stance; and  when  an  abscess  takes  place  there, 
it  can  find  no  outlet  except  by  a  distant  course. 
Generally,  it  descends  along  the  psoas  muscle, 
forming  a  swelling  immediately  beneath  Pou- 
part's  ligament;  at  times,  however,  it  extends 
down  the  thigh  under  the  fascia.  Severe  hectic 
follows  the  bursting  of  the  abscess,  and  often 
death.  Its  causes  are,  —  scrofula,  injury  to  the 
loins,  &c. 

When,  from  the  pain  of  the  back  continuing 
for  some  time,  with  other  symptoms,  the  disease 
is  suspected,  caustics,  or  the  moxa,  applied  op- 
posite the  transverse  processes  of  the  lumbar  ver- 
tebrae, may  be  recommended;  and,  when  the  ab- 
scess is  ready  for  opening,  it  may  be  emptied  by 
repeated  discharges  of  the  matter,  through  a 
small  opening,  made  with  a  lancet,  or  small, 
lancet-pointed  trocar.  The  medical  treatment 
consists  in  supporting  the  system,  under  the 
great  restorative  efforts  required  of  it. 

Lumbar  Arteries  are  four  or  five  in  number 
on  each  side.  They  arise  from  the  sides  of  the 
abdominal  aorta,  and  pass  behind  the  muscles 
situate  in  front  of  the  lumbar  portion  of  the  spine, 
to  gain  the  broad  muscles  of  the  abdomen.  They 
give  off,  1.  Spinal  branches.  2.  Anterior,  poste- 
rior, and  external  muscular  branches. 

Lumbar  Nerves  are  five  in  number,  and  issue 
from  the  vertebral  column  by  the  spinal  foramina 
of  the  loins.  The  first  lumbar  nerve  gives  off 
three  branches: — the  external  or  ilio-scrotal ;  the 
middle  or  inguino-eutaneous,  and  the  internal  or 
in/ra-pubian.  Along  with  the  three  pairs  below 
it,  it  forms  the  lumbar  plexus. 

Lumbar  Plexus,  Portion  lombaire  du  plexus 
crural  (  Ch. ),  Plexus  Lombo-abdominal.  This 
plexus  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Rami  com- 
munican'tes  of  the  anterior  branches  of  the  first 
four  lumbar  nerves.  It  is  situate  behind  the  psoas 
muscle,  and  before  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  lumbar  vertebrae.  It  furnishes,  besides  the 
branches  which  proceed  from  the  first  pair,  seve- 
ral filaments,  that  are  distributed  to  the  psoas 
muscle,  to  the  iliacus,  the  integments,  and  glands 
of  the  groin;  and  three  great  branches — the  cru- 
ral, obturator,  and  lumbosacral. 

Lumbar  PiEgion,  Lumbi. 

Lumbar  Veins  have  an  arrangement  analogous 
to  that  of  the  arteries  of  the  same  name.  They 
communicate  with  the  vertebral  sinuses,  azygous 
veins,  &c.,  and  pass  into  the  vena  cava  inferior. 

LUMBARIS  EXTERNUS,  Quadratus  lumbo- 
rum — 1.  Internus,  Psoas  magnus. 

LUMBI,  The  loin  or  loins.  Lumbar  region, 
(Old  Eng.)  Lende,  (Sc.)  Lendis;  Pe'gio  lum- 
ba'lia,  Lap'ara,  Psoa,  plural  Psocs,  Osphys, 
Reins,  (F.)  Lombes.  The  posterior  regions  of  the 
abdomen,  composed  between  the  base  of  the  chest 
and  the  pelvis.  The  parts  which  enter  into  the 
formation  of  the  lumbar  region  are,— the  skin;  a 
considerable  quantity  of  areolar  texture;  broad 
and  strong  aponeuroses:  —  the  Latisaimua  Borsi, 


LUMBO-SACRAL 


55  6 


LUTE 


Olliquus  exferntis,  and  Obh'quiis  iniermts  dbdonii- 
nis,  Transversal  Is  abdominis,  Qaadratus  lumbo- 
rum,  and  the  mass  common  to  the  Sacro-lumbalis, 
Longissimus  dorsi,  and  Ihdtijidiis  spines.  These 
muscles  surround  the  lumbar  region  of  the  verte- 
bral column.  The  vessels,  nerves,  &c.,  of  the 
loins,  are  called  lumbar. 

LUMBO-SACRAL.  Belonging  to  the  lumbar 
and  sacral  regions.  (F.)  Lombo-sacrS.  Bichat 
calls  thus  a  very  large  nerve,  given  off  from  the 
anterior  branch  of  the  fifth  lumbar  pair,  vphich 
descends  into  the  pelvis  before  the  sacrum  to  join 
the  sciatic  plexus. 

LUMBRICA'LIS,  Vermicula'ris.  Resembling 
a  lumbricus,  or  '  earthworm.'  A  name  given  to 
small  muscles,  (F.)  Lombricaux,  met  with  in  the 
palm  of  the  hand  and  sole  of  the  foot. 

LuMBRlCALES  Manus,  Fidicina'les,  Flexor  pri- 
mi  interno'dii  digito'rum,  mantis  seu  perfora'tus 
lumbrica'lis,  (F.)  Annuli -tendino - phalangiens, 
Palmi - phalangiens.  Four  small,  fleshy,  thin, 
round,  long,  fusiform  fasciculi,  situate  in  the 
palm  of  the  hand,  and  distinguished  into  first, 
second,  third,  and  fourth,  counting  from  without 
to  within.  They  arise  from  the  tendons  of  the 
flexor  communis  digitorum,  and  are  inserted  at 
the  outer  and  posterior  side  of  the  superior  ex- 
tremity of  the  first  phalanges  of  the  last  four  fin- 
gers. These  muscles  bend  the  fingers  on  the 
metacarpus,  and  fix  the  tendons  of  the  flexor 
digitorum  communis. 

LuMBRicALES  Pedis,  (F.)  Planti-tendino-pha- 
langiens,  Planti-sous-phalangiens,  (Ch.)  They 
are  analogous  to  those  of  the  hand  in  form,  num- 
ber, and  arrangement.  They  increase  the  flexion 
of  the  toes,  and  draw  them  inwards. 

LUMBRICUS,  Ascaris  lumbricoides — \.  La- 
tus,  Bothriocephalus  latus,  Tjenia  solium  —  1. 
Teres  hominis,  Ascaris  lumbricoides. 

LUMBUS  VENERIS,  Achillea  miUefoUura. 

LUMEN,  Light,  Pupil— 1.  Constans,  Phos- 
phorus.    ^ 

L  UMTERE,  Light. 

LUMINOSITY,  Phosphorescence. 

LUNA,  Argentum,  Moon  —  1.  Albini,  Sciatic 
notch,  lesser  —  1.  Imperfecta,  Bismuth  —  1.  Pota- 
bilis,  Argenti  nitras. 

LUNACY,  see  Lunatic. 

LUNAR,  Lunatic. 

LUNA'RE  OS.  Os  semiluna're.  The  second 
bone  in  the  upper  row  of  the  carpus. 

LUNARIA,  Menses. 

Luna'ria  Redivi'va.  Leucoium,  BidbonacTi, 
Satin,  Honesty.  Said,  by  Ray,  to  be  a  warm 
diuretic. 

LUNARIS,  Lunatic. 

LU'NATIC,  Limat'iciis,  Luna'ris,  Zuna'rins, 
Lunar,  from  luna,  'the  moon.'  Relating  to  the 
moon.  An  epithet  given  to  diseases  which  are 
supposed  to  appear  at  certain  phases  of  the  moon, 
or  to  those  who  are  affected  by  them.  The  term 
lunatic  {Moon'ed,  Moonstruck,  Selenoble'tus),  is  re- 
stricted to  one  labouring  under  lunacy  or  mental 
alienation,  Demen'tia  accidenta'lis  seu  adven- 
tit"ia,  that  is,  under  any  form  unsoundness  of 
mind,  except  idiocy.  In  law,  a  lunatic  is  one 
who  has  had  an  understanding,  but  by  disease, 
grief,  or  other  accident,  has  lost  the  use  of  his 
reason,  and  become  nan  compos  mentis  or  non 
compos. 

LUNATICUS,  Epileptic,  Lunatic,  Somnam- 
bulist. 

LUNATISMUS,  Somnambulism. 

LUNE,  Moon — I.  d'Eau,  Nymphsea  alba. 

LUNELLA,  Hypopyon. 

LUNES.  Menses. 

LUNETTES  ORDINAIRES,  Spectacles. 

LUNG,  Pulmo — 1.  Black,  of  coal  miners,  An- 
ttracosis — \.  Cancer  of  the,  Phthisis,  cancerous. 


Lung  Fever,  Catarrh,  Pneumonia. 

Lung,  Perforating  Abscess  of  the.  A  pu- 
rulent collection,  which  forms  exterior  to  the 
lung,  and  afterwards  perforates  its  tissue,  so  that 
it  is  evacuted  through  the  bronchial  tubes. 

Lung  Proof,  Docimasia  pulmonum — 1.  Wort, 
Pulmonaria — 1.  Wort,  cow's,  Verbaseum  nigrum 
— 1.  Wort,  tree.  Lichen  pulmonarius. 

LUNULA.  Onyx — 1.  Unguium,  see  Nail  —  L 
Scapulae,  Notch,  scapular. 

LUNYIE,  Lumbi. 

LUNYIE-BANE,  Ischion. 

LUPIA,  Encystis,  Wen  —  1.  Junctura,  Spina 
ventosa. 

LUPI'NUS.  Under  this  term  the  ivhite  Inpiv, 
Lupi'nus  al'bus  seu  sati'vus,  Ord.  Leguminosie, 
is  meant,  in  some  pharmacopoeias.  The  seeds, 
which  were  much  eaten  in  the  days  of  Pliny  and 
of  Galen,  are  now  neglected.  The  meal  is,  how- 
ever, occasionally  used  as  an  anthelmintic,  and 
as  a  cataplasm. 

LU'POID,  Lnpo'i'des,  badly  compounded  from 
lupus,  and  tiSog,  'resemblance.'  Resembling,  or 
having  the  character  of,  lupus. 

LUPULI'NA,  Lu'ptdin,  L-upidin'ic  glands.  A 
substance  which  exists  in  Humulus  lupulus  or 
hop.  It  is  in  the  form  of  small,  shining,  yellow- 
ish grains,  which  cover  the  base  of  the  scales  of 
the  hop;  is  pulverulent,  and  of  an  aromatic 
odour.  When  analyzed,  it  is  found  to  contain 
resin,  volatile  oil  in  small  quantity,  and  a  bitter 
principle  —  Lupiidite.  It  is  aromatic  and  tonic, 
and — according  to  some — narcotic. 

LUPULINIC  GLANDS,  Lupulina. 

LUPULITE,  see  Lupulina. 

LUPULUS,  Humulus  lupulus  —  1.  Communis, 
Humulus  lupulus — 1.  Salictarius,  Humulus  lupu- 
lus— I.  Seandens,  Humulus  lupulus. 

LUPUS,  '  the  wolf  So  named  from  its  rapa- 
city. Lupus  ex'edens  seu  vorax  seu  dev'orans, 
Jacob's  Ulcer,  Ulcus  Tuberculo'sum,  Cancer  seu 
Phymato' sis  lupus.  Noli  me  tang"ere.  Tubercular 
excrescences,  with  ragged,  spreading  ulcerations, 
chiefly  about  the  alse  nasi,  where  they  destroy 
the  skin,  <fcc.,  for  some  depth.  Sometimes  they 
appear  in  the  cheek,  circularly,  or  in  the  shape 
of  a  sort  of  ringworm,  destroying  the  substance, 
and  leaving  a  deep  and  deformed  cicatrix.  The 
knife  or  caustic  should  be  used  to  separate  the 
sound  from  the  morbid  parts.  Arsenic  has  been 
given  internally  with  advantage.  See,  also, 
Herpes  exedens,  and  Lycoides. 

Lupus  Cancrosus,  Cancer  —  1.  Devorans,  see 
Lupus — 1.  Exedens,  Lupus — 1.  Varieosus,  Nsevi 
— 1.  Vorax,  Herpes  exedens,  see  Lupus. 

LURCO,  Glutton. 

LURID,  Lu'ridus.  Pale,  yellow,  sallow,  — 
applied  to  the  complexion. 

LURKEY-DISH,  Mentha  pulegium. 

LUROR,  Paleness. 

LUS,  Sacrum. 

LUSCIOSITAS,  Luscitas,  Myopia. 

LUSCIOSUS,  Borgne,  Myops. 

LUS'CITAS,  Luscios'itas,  Lnscit"ies,  Liiscit"- 
ion,  from  lusciis,  'a  blinkard,'  lusciosus,  'dim- 
sighted.'  Strabismus.  The  term  has  also  been 
given  to  any  case  of  obliquity  in  which  the  eye 
is  fixed  in  an  unnatural  position. — Beer.  The 
obliquity  termed  Cock-eye  is  a  form  of  Luscitas. 

LUSCITIES,  Luscitas. 

LUSCUS,  Borgtie. 

LUSS,  Pitvriasis. 

LUSTRAMENTUM,  Cathartic. 

LUT,  Lute. 

LUTE,  Lntum  ('mud'),  Cmmentum.  (F.)  Z««. 
A  composition  employed  either  for  closing  aper- 
tures in  a  pharmaceutical  instrument,  or  for 
covering  the  surface  of  retorts,  tubes,  Ac,  which 
have  to  support  a  great  degree  of  heat.     Lutes 


LUTEOLA 


55' 


LYCOPUS 


are  composed  differently,  according  to  the  object 
to  be  accomplished.  Commonly,  they  are  made 
of  linseed  meal  and  starch.  The/a«  lute  is  formed 
of  clay  and  drying  oil.  Sometimes,  the  white  of 
egg  and  lime  are  used;  and  that  which  is  em- 
ployed for  covering  vessels,  intended  to  be 
strongly  heated,  is  made  of  clay,  sifted  sand,  and 
water. 

LUTEOLA,  Reseda  luteola. 
LUTE  US,  Yellow. 

LUTRON,  \ovTpov.      A  bath.      Also,  an  oph- 
thalmic medicine. — Galen. 
LUX,  Light. 

LUXATIO,  Luxation — 1.  Imperfecta,  Sprain. 
LLi^XA'TIOX,  Eluxa'tion,  from  luxare,  luxa- 
fnm,  'to  put  out  of  place.'  Disloca'tion,  Olistke'- 
ran,  Apoped'asis,  Luxa'tio,  Disloca'tio,  Ec'elisis, 
Strem'nta,  Luxatn'ra,  Ectop'ia,  Ecpto'sis,  Elap'- 
siis,  Lyrjis'mus,  Emo'tio,  Ec'stasis,  Exarthre'ma, 
E.  luxa'tlo,  Exarthro'ma,  Exarthro'sis,  Exo'sis, 
Efcothe'sis,  Paratop'ta,  Streblo'sis,  Deloea'tin, 
Exarticula'tio,  (F.)  Luxation,  Dislocation,  De- 
hoitement.  A  displacement  of  a  part  from  its 
proper  situation.  A  putting  out  of  joint.  A 
displacement  of  two  or  more  bones,  whose  arti- 
cular surfaces  have  lost,  wholly,  or  in  part,  their 
natural  connexion;  either  owing  to  external  vio- 
lence, [accidental  luxation,)  or  to  disease  of  some 
of  the  parts  about  the  joint  (spontaneous  luxation.) 
Luxation  is  complete  when  the  bones  have  entirely 
lost  their  natural  connexion;  incomplete,  when 
they  partly  preserve  it;  and  compound,  when  a 
wound  communicates  with  the  luxated  joint. 
The  general  indications  of  treatment,  are;  —  1. 
To  reduce  the  protruded  bone  to  its  original 
place.  2.  To  retain  it  in  situ.  3.  To  obviate 
any  attendant  or  consequent  symptoms. 

To  reduce  requires   extension,  counter-exten- 
sion, and  coaptation. 

LUXEUIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Saline 
waters,  at  the  town  of  Luxeuil,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Vosges,  in  the  department  of  Haute  Saone.  Five 
springs  are  thermal,  and  two  cold.  They  seem 
to  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  iron  and 
lime,  and  chloride  of  sodium ;  and  are  employed 
as  aperient,  tonic,  and  stimulant. 
LUZ,  Sacrum. 

LYCAN'CHE,  Lijcan'chis,  from  Xvicog,  'a  wolf,' 
and  ay)(;(i), 'I  strangle.'    Wolf  quinsy,  Wolfehoak; 
—  as  Cynanche  means  Eog  choaJc.     Also,  hydro- 
phobia.    See  Lycoides. 
LY0AXCHI3,  Lycanche. 
LYCAXTHROPE,  see  Lycanthropia. 
LYCAXTHROTIA,  from  \vko;,  'a  wolf,'  and 
av-JpcjTOf,  'a  man:'  Lyca'on,  Tnsa'nia  Inpi'na,  Ly- 
coma'nia.     A   variety   of  melancholy,  in  which 
the  person  believes  himself  to  be  changed  into  a 
wolf,  and  imitates  the  voice  and  habits  of  that 
animal.     One  so  circumstanced  is  called  a  Ly'- 
canthrope,  Lycanthro'pus. 

LYCANTHROPUS,  see  Lycanthropia. 
LYCAOX,  Lycanthropia. 
LYCHXIDIUM,  Biolychnium. 
LYCHXIS   GITHA'GO,  Agrostem'mn  githa'go. 
Corn  coclde.  Rose  campion.     A  naturalized  Euro- 
pean plant.     Ord.  Caryophyllaceae.     The  seeds 
are  somewhat  acrid,  but  not  poisonous.     They 
were,  at  one  time,  employed  in  cutaneous  dis- 
eases, and  in  hemorrhage,  and  as  a  topical  appli- 
cation to  ulcers  and  fistulse. 

Lychnis  Officinalis,  Saponaria — 1.  Sylvestris, 
Saponaria. 

LYCHXIUM,  Biolychnium. 
LY'CIUM,  AvKiov.  A  medicinal  substance,  an- 
ciently obtained  from  the  roots  and  branches  of  a 
thorny  shrub  growing  in  Lycia.  It  was  astrin- 
gent, and  used  in  dysentery,  ulcers  of  the  gums, 
<i;c.  By  some,  it  has  been  considered  to  be  the 
catechu. 


LYCOI'DES,  Lyeo'dee,  from  Au/toj,  'a  wolf,' 
and  £i(5of,  •  form.'  Lupo  sim'ilis.  An  epithet  for 
a  species  of  cynanche,  called,  also,  Lupus,  and 
Strangulator,  and  absurdly  attributed  to  exces- 
sive retention  of  sperm  in  its  reservoirs  and  itr 
passage  into  the  blood  [?]. — Galen. 

LYCOMAXIA,  Lycanthropia. 

LYCOPE  BE  VIRGINIE,  Lycopus  Virgini- 
eus. 

LYCOPER'DOX,  from  Ivko^  'a  wolf,'  and 
trepSu),  '1  break  wind;'  L.  Bovis'ta  seu  Arrhi'zon 
seu  Gloho'sum,  Bovis'ta,  Crep'itus  Lupi,  Fungus 
Chirurgo'rum,  Puff-ball,  Bull  Fists,  jjlol'lipuffs, 
(Prov.)  Puff,  (So.)  Beil's snuffbox,  (E.)  Yesseloup. 
Ord.  Fungi.  The  puff-ball  dries  into  a  very  fino, 
light  brownish  dust,  which  is  sometimes  used  as  a 
mechanical  styptic  to  arrest  hemorrhage. 

Lycoperdon^  Arrhizon,  Lycoperdon — 1.  Cer- 
vinum,  Elaphomyces  granulatus  —  1.  Globosum, 
Lycoperdon— 1.  Gulosorum,  L.  Tuber. 

Lycoperdon  Pro'teus,  Common  puff-ball.  The 
fumes  of  this  substance  have  been  found  to  pro- 
duce ansesthetization  an  animals. 

Lycoper'don  Tuber,  L.  Guloso'rum,  Tuber 
Agrioeas' tanum  seu  Ciba'rium  seu  Guloso'rum  seu 
Nigrum,  Tu'bera  Terra,  Trnbs,  Truffle,  (pro- 
nounced troofle,)  (F.)  Truffe,  A  fleshy,  firm 
body,  unknown  in  its  mode  of  reproduction, 
which  is  found  under  ground,  especially  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  France,  Italy,  kc,  and  is  much 
esteemed  as  an  aliment.  It  seems  to  belong  to 
the  champignons,  and  has  a  particular  perfume. 
Aphrodisaic  virtues  have  been  ascribed  to  it. 

A  Virginia  truiHe  is  called  Tuekaho. 

LYCOPERSICUM  ESCULEXTUM,  Solanum 
lycopersicum  —  1.  Pomum  amoris,  Solanum  lyco- 
persicum — 1.  Tuberosum,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

LYCOPODE,  Lycopodium. 

LYCOPO'DIUM,  from  Aukoj,  '  a  wolf,'  androu?, 
KoSog,  'afoot.'  L.  Clava'tum  seu  Officina'le,  Le- 
pido'tis  clava'ta,  Cingida'ria,  Musciw  claca'tus, 
Club-moss,  Wolf's-claxo,  Witch-meal.  Ord.  Ly- 
copodiaceae.  This  is  the  largest  of  the  European 
mosses.  The  dust,  which  fills  the  capsules  of  its 
spikes,  is  very  inflammable,  and  hence  has  been 
called  Vegetable  Sulphur;  —  and,  also,  Fari'na 
seu  Pulvis  seu  Semen  seu  Sidphur  Lycopo'dii, 
(F.)  Lycopode,  Sovfre  vegetal.  It  is  used  in  France 
and  in  the  United  States  to  roll  pills  and  boluses 
in;  and  in  medicine  is  a  desiocative,  in  the  exco- 
riation to  which  infants  are  liable.  It  is  collected 
chiefly  in  Switzerland  and  Germany  for  commerce. 

Lycopodium  Clavatuii,  Lycopodium. 

Lycopodium  CoMPLANA'TU5i,CoOTmo;i CZ«6-»iom, 
Ground  Pine;  indigenous;  has  the  same  proper- 
ties as  Lycopodium  selago. 

Lycopo'dium  Officinale,  L.  clavatum  —  L 
Recurvum,  L.  Selago. 

Lycopodium  Sela'go,  L.  Becur'vum,  Planan'- 
thus  fastiga'tus  seu  sela'go,  Muscus  erec'tus  seu 
Cathar'tictcs,  Sela'go,  Upright  Club-moss,  Fir 
Club-moss,  Upright  Fir-moss.  A  decoction  of 
this  plant  acts  violently  as  an  emetic  and  purga- 
tive; and  was  formerly,  on  this  account,  used  as 
an  abortive.     It  is  also  employed  to  kill  vermin. 

LY'COPUS,  L.  Virgin'icus  seu  uni/lo'rus  seu 
pu'mila,  Bugleiceed,  Water  Bugle,  Water  Hore- 
hound,  Gypsy  Weed,  Paul's  Bet'ony,  (F.)  Lycope 
de  Virginie.  This  indigenous  herb.  Sex.  Syst. 
Diandria  Monogynia,  Nat.  Ord.  Labiat.ie,  grows 
throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  United  States. 
The  whole  herb  is  said  to  be  slightly  narcotic. 
It  is  given  in  infusion,  {Lycop.  ^j ;  aq.  fervent.  Oj.) 
Lycopus  Pumila,  Lycopus. 

Lycopus  Sinua'tus,  Water  Horehound,  Gypsy 
Weed,  Paul's  Bet'ony,  indigenous,  has  similar 
properties. 

Lycopus  Uniflorus,  L.  pumila  —  1.  Yirgini- 
cus,  Lycopus. 


LYCOREXIS 


558 


LYMPHOPYRA 


LYCOREXIS,  Fames  lupina. 

LYCOSA  TARENTULA,  see  Tarantula. 

LYCOSTOMA,  Hyperoochasma. 

LYE,  Lixivium,  Ley  —  1.  Dyspeptic,  see  Fuli- 
gokali — 1.  Medioal,  see  Fuligokali  —  1.  Tea,  Phy- 
sick's,  see  Fuligokali. 

LYGISMUS,  Luxation. 

LY(JMODBS,  Singultus. 

LYGMUS,  Singultus. 

LYGODES,  Singultus. 

LYING-IN  STATE,  Parturient  state. 

LYING-DOWN  STATE,  Parturient  state. 

LYMA,  Lochia;  from  Auu,  'to  wash,'  also,  filth 
or  sordes,  (to  be  washed  away.)  Ad/ku,    Lyme. 

LYME,  Lyma. 

LYMPH,  LympTia,  from  vvii<prj,  'water,'  by 
changing  v  into  X.  White  blood,  Lympha  Nn- 
trit"ia.  A  name  given  to  the  fluid  contained  in 
the  lymphatic  vessels  and  thoracic  duct  of  ani- 
mals, which  have  been  made  to  fast  for  24  hours. 
According  to  Chevreul,  the  lymph  of  the  dog 
contains  water,  fibrin,  albumen,  common  salt, 
subcarbonate  of  soda,  phosphates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  lime.  The  properties 
and  composition  of  lymph  vary  somewhat  ac- 
cording to  the  part  whence  the  lymphatic  vessels 
obtain  it.  Generally,  it  is  under  the  form  of  a 
transparent,  slightly  alkaline  fluid,  sometimes  of 
a  madder-red  or  yellowish  colour, — of  a  spermatic 
odour,  and  saline  taste;  soluble  in  water,  —  the 
solution  becoming  turbid,  when  mixed  with  alco- 
hol. When  left  to  itself,  it  coagulates.  The  clot 
or  solid  portion  becomes  of  a  scarlet  red,  if  put 
in  contact  with  oxygen ;  and  of  a  purple  red,  if 
placed  in  carbonic  acid. 

Like  the  blood,  the  lymph  consists  of  a  fluid — 
Liquor  lymphtB — in  which  lymjih  corpuscles  or  glo- 
bules are  suspended. 

The  lymph  is  probably  the  product  of  internal 
absorption  in  different  parts  of  the  body :  it  then 
flows  along  the  lymphatic  vessels,  uniting  with 
the  chyle,  and  is  poured  with  it  into  the  veins; 
thus  becoming  one  of  the  materials  of  the  blood. 
According  to  others,  the  blood,  when  it  reaches 
the  arterial  radicles,  is  divided  into  two  portions, 
—  the  one  red,  which  is  carried  to  the  heart, — 
the  other  serous  or  white,  which  is  absorbed  by 
the  lymphatic  vessels,  and  constitutes  the  lymph. 
By  others,  again,  the  lymphatics  are  considered 
to  be  the  vessels  of  return  for  the  white  blood 
sent  to  certain  tissues.  White  blood,  however, 
has  probably  no  existence. 

The  word  lymph  is  sometimes  used  unhappily 
by  the  surgeon  to  signify  liquor  sanguinis. 

LvMPH,  CoAGULABLE,  Fibrin,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

Lymph  Corpdscles,  see  Lymph  —  1.  Globules, 
see  Lymph — 1.  Hearts,  Lymphatic  hearts. 

Lymph,  Plastic,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

LYMPHA,  Lymph — 1.  Arborum,  see  Sap  —  I. 
Muculenta  narium.  Nasal  mucus  —  1.  Nutritia, 
Lymph — 1.  Pancreatis,  see  Pancreas — I.  Pericar- 
dii, see  Pericardium — 1.  Plastica,  Fibrin. 

LYMPHADENI'TIS  :  from  lymjyh,  and  adejii- 
tis,  '  inflammation  of  a  gland.'  Liflammn'tio 
ylandida'nim  lymphatica'rum,  Adeni'tis  lymphat'- 
ica,  (F.)  Adenite  lymphatique.  Inflammation  of 
a  lymphatic  gland  or  ganglion. 

LYMPH^DUCTUS,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPHANGBITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LY'MPHANGIA,' Lymphatic  vessels. 

LY'MPH ANGIEC'T  A  S I S,  Lympheurys'mn  ; 
from  lymph,  ayytiov,  'a  vessel,* and  tKraati,  'dila- 
tation.'    Dilatation  of  lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPHANGIOG'RAPHY,  Lymphangiogra- 
ph'ia  ;  from  lymph,  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  andypai/17;, 
'  a  description.'  A  description  of  the  lymphatic 
vessels. 

LYiviPHANGIOITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LYMPHANGIOL'OGY,    from    Lymphangion, 


'  a  lymphatic,'  and  \oyoi,  '  a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  the  lymphatics. 

LYMPH  ANGIOT'OMY,  Lymphangiotom'ia  ; 
from  lymph,  ayytioi/,  '  a  vessel,'  and  rojxt],  'inci- 
sion.' The  anatomy  or  dissection  of  the  lym- 
phatic vessels. 

LYMPHANGITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LYMPHANGON'CUS,  Lymphon'cus;  from 
lymph,  ayyeiov,  'a  vessel,'  and  oyKos,  'a  tumour.' 
Tumefaction  of  the  Ij'mphatics. 

LYMPHAT'IC,  Lymphat'icits.  That  which 
relates  to  lymph ;  also,  abounding  in  lymph.  See 
Phlegmatic. 

Lymphatic  Hearts,  Lymph  Hearts.  The  frog 
and  several  other  animals  are  provided  with  large 
receptacles  for  the  lymph  immediately  underneath 
the  skin,  which  exhibit  distinct  and  regular  pul- 
sations like  the  sanguiferous  heart.  Their  use 
appears  to  be — to  propel  the  lymph. 

Lymphatic  System  is  that  particular  system 
of  organs  which  is  inservient  to  the  formation  and 
circulation  of  lymph.     These  organs  are  : 

1.  Lymphatic  Ganglions  or  Glands,  see 
Conglobate. 

2*.  Lymphatic  Vessels,  Lymjihaduc'tas,  Lym- 
phangi'a,  Lymphange'a,  VeiicB  lymphat'ica,  Ductus 
sero'si,  Vasa  lymphatica  sen  resorben' tiu  seu  hy- 
drago'ga,  Hydrangi'a.  These  are  very  numerous. 
Arising  at  the  surface  of  membranes  and  in  the 
tissue  of  the  organs,  they  carry  into  the  veins  the 
lymph  from  those  parts.  Lymphatic  vessels  are 
found  in  every  part  of  the  body.  AVherever  they 
are  met  with,  however,  they  form  two  orders, — 
one  superficial,  the  other  deep-seated ;  —  the  two 
orders  frequently  communicating  with  each  other. 
Lymphatic  vessels  are  generally  smaller  than 
arteries  and  veins.  They  are  very  thin,  diapha- 
nous, and  cylindrical;  but  present,  here  and 
there,  more  or  less  considerable  dilatations, 
caused  by  valves  in  their  interior.  They  are 
slightly  tortuous  in  their  course ;  their  anasto- 
moses are  very  numerous,  and  they  often  cross 
each  other,  forming  successive  plexuses.  Of  the 
arrangement  of  the  extreme  radicles  we  are  igno- 
rant. All  the  branches,  before  joining  the  prin- 
cipal trunks,  pass  through  lymphatic  ganglions, 
in  which  they  are  convoluted,  or  subdivided  almost 
ad  ■infinitum.  They  are  formed  of  an  outer  are- 
olar membrane  and  an  internal  coat,  similar  to 
that  of  the  veins ;  of  the  latter,  the  valves  are 
formed.  All  the  lymphatics  of  the  body  ulti- 
mately discharge  themselves  at  the  junction  of 
the  subclavian  and  internal  jugular  veins.  Two 
of  these  trunks  are  considerably  larger  than  the 
others,  —  the  thoracic  duct,  and  the  great  trunk 
of  the  right  side,  (F.)  La  grande  veine  lympha- 
tique droite.  The  former  receives  the  lymphatics 
of  the  abdomen,  of  the  lower  extremities,  the  left 
side  of  the  thorax,  the  left  upper  extremity,  and 
the  corresponding  side  of  the  head  and  neck; 
the  latter  receives  those  of  the  right  upper  ex- 
tremity, and  of  the  right  side  of  the  head,  neck 
and  thorax. 

LYMPHATITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LYiMPHE  COAGULABLE,  Liquor  sangui- 
nis—  I.  de  Cotugno,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of — I. 
Plastiqne,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

LYMPHEURYSMA,  Lymphangiectasis. 

LYMPHITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LYMPHIZA'TION.  A  term  used  by  Profes- 
sor Gross  to  signify  effusion  of  coagulable  lymph. 
It  is  not  a  happy  word,  inasmuch  as  lymph  has 
another  meaning,  whilst  the  term  '  coagulable 
lymph'  is  now  almost  abandoned. 

LYMPHOCHE'ZIA,  from  lymph,  and  ;;^;^7^(o,  'I 
go  to  stool.'     Serous  diarrhoea. 

LYMPHONCUS,  Lymphangoncus  — 1.  Iridis, 
Iridauxesis. 

LYMPHOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal. 


LYMPHORRHAGIA 


i59 


MACHAON 


LYMPHORRHAG"IA,  from  hjmpli.  and 
pr;y»'u^i,  '  I  break  forth.'  Discharge  of  lymph 
from  a  lymphatic  vessel,  owing  to  a  lesion  of  its 
coats. 

LYMPHO'SIS.  The  preparation  or  elabora- 
tion of  Ivraph. 

LYMPHOT'OMY,  from  hjmpha,  'lymph,'  and 
T£f/va),  •'  I  cut.'     Dissection  of  the  lymphatics. 

LYNCH'S  EMBROCA'TION.  "An  emollient 
nostrum,  formed  of  olive  oil  impregnated  with 
hergnmot  and  other  essences,  and  coloured  with 
alkanet  root. 

LYJfGODES,  Singultous  — 1.  Febris,  Fever, 
singultous. 

LYNGYODES,  Sintrnltous. 

LYNN  WAHOO,  Ulmus  alata. 

LYNX,  Singultus. 

LYPE,  Athymia. 

LYPEMANIA,  Melancholy. 

LYPE'RIA  CRO'CEA.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Orel.  Scrophuhiriacea;,  the  flowers  of 
which  closely  resemble  saffron  in  smell  and  taste, 
and  possess  similar  medical  virtues. 

LYPEROPHRENIE,  Melancholy. 

LYPOMA,  Lipoma. 

L  Y  P  0  T  H  Y  M  '  I  A,  from  \vi:n, '  sadness,'  and 
^ujjios,  '  the  mind.'  Very  great  sadness  or  de- 
spondency. 

LYRA,  \vpa,  '  the  lyre.'  Psalter,  Psalte'rium, 
Corpus  Psallo'i'cles,  Lyra  Da'vidis,  Lam'ina  me- 
didla'ris  triangula'ris  cer'ehri,  Spa'tium  trigo'- 
uum.  The  under  surface  of  the  posterior  part  of 
the  body  of  the  fornix  is  impressed  with  nume- 
rous transverse  and  oblique  lines,  which  have 
been  so  called  from  some  resemblance  they  bear 
to  the  ancient  lyre. 

LYRINGIUM,  Eryngium  campestre. 

LYSIA,  Lysis. 

LYSIMA'CHIA  NUMMULA'RIA.  L.  nem'o- 
rum,  Nummula'rin,  Hirui>dinu'rin,  Centimor'bia, 
Creeping  Loose  Strife,  Money  Wort,  (P.)  Herhe 
aux  ecus.  Ord.  Primulaceas.  This  plant  was 
formerly  accounted  vulnerary.  It  has  been  con- 
sidered to  possess  antiscorbutic  and  astringent 
qualities,  and  has  been  used  in  leucorrhoea. 

Lysimachia  Purpdrea,  Lythrum  salicaria. 

LrsnrA'cHiA  Quadrifo'lia,  Four-Leaved  Loose 
Strife,  Crossiciort,  an  indigenous  plant,  is  astrin- 
gent; and  has  been  used  as  a  stomachic  and  an- 
tiperiodic. 


LYSIS,  Lysia,  Auo-iy,  from  Xuio,  'I  dissolve.' 
Solution.  A  common  suffix;  also,  a  name  giver 
to  solutions  or  terminations  of  disease,  which  arf" 
operated  insensibly  ;  that  is,  gradually  and  with 
out  critical  symptoms. 

LYSSA,  Hydrophobia  —  1.  Canina,  Hydropho 
bia. 

LYSSAS,  Maniodes. 

LYSSETER,  Maniodes. 

LYSSODEC'TUS,  from  f^vaaa,  'canine  mad 
ness,'  and  iriKuj,  or  iaKvui,  •  I  bite.'  Hydroph'- 
ohua  ;  Cane  rab'ido  morsus.  One  who  has  been 
bitten  by  a  mad  dog,  or  is  actually  labouring 
under  hydrophobia. 

L  Y  S  S  0  D  E  G'M  A,  Lyssodcg'mus,  Lyssodex' is, 
same  etymon.     The  bite  of  a  mad  dog. 

LYSSODEXIS,  Lyssodegma. 

LYTE'RIOS,  \vTr]oiog,  (from  \v<ji,  'I  dissolve,') 
'solving.'  An  epithet  given  to  those  signs  which 
announce  the  solution  of  a  very  violent  disease. 

LYTHRUM  ALATUM,  see  Lythrum  salicaria 
— 1.  Hyssopifolia,  Lythrum  salicaria. 

LvTHRuir  Salica'ria,  from  Xvdpov,  'blood,  and 
dust,'  on  account  of  the  colour  of  the  flowers  of 
some  species,  Lysima'chia  purpu'rea,  Salica'ria 
vulga'ris  seu  spiea'ta  ;  —  the  Common  or  Purp/e 
Willoio  Herb.  Ord.  Lythracese.  The  herb,  root, 
and  flowers  possess  a  considerable  degree  of  as- 
tringency,  and  are  used,  occasionally,  in  the  cure 
of  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  leucorrhcea,  haemop- 
tysis, &c. 

Ltthrttm  HYSSoriFo'LiA,  and  L.  Ala'tcm  ; 
indigenous,  have  similar  properties. 

LYTTA  C^RULEA,  see  Cantharis— 1.  Gigas 
mas,  see  Cantharis — 1.  Ruficeps,  see  Cantharis. 

Lytta  Ru'fipes.  Class,  Insecta ;  Ord.  Cole- 
optera.  A  variety  of  Lytta,  peculiar  to  Chili, 
which  is  more  active  as  a  vesicant  than  the  can- 
tharis, or  the  Lytta  Vittata. 

Lytta  Segetusi,  see  Cantharis — 1.  Vesicatoria, 
Cantharis. 

Lytta  Vitta'tA,  Can'tharis  vittata,  Pota'to 
Fly,  (F.)  Cantharide  tachetee.  Four  species  of 
meloe  that  blister,  are  found  in  the  United 
States.  The  lytta  vittata  feeds  principally  upon 
the  potato  plant,  and,  at  the  proper  season  of  the 
year,  may  be  collected  in  immense  numbers.  The 
potato  fly  resembles  the  cantharides  in  every  pro- 
perty, and  is  fully  equal  to  them. 


M. 


M.  This  letter  signifies,  in  prescriptions,  ma- 
nipidus,  'a  handful.'  Also,  misce,  'mix.'  See 
Abbreviation. 

MACAPATLI,  Smilas  sarsaparilla. 

MACARO'NI.  An  alimentary  paste,  moulded 
of  a  cylindrical  shape,  and  formed  of  rice  or 
wheaten  flour.  It  is  eaten — when  boiled  —  in 
soup;  prepared  with  cheese,  Ac.  See  Turandse 
Italicse. 

Also,  a  name  formerly  given  to  a  pulverulent 
compound  of  sugar  and  glass  of  antimony,  car- 
ried into  France  by  the  Italian  monks,  and  em- 
ployed at  the  hospital  La  Charite  in  the  treat- 
ment of  painters'  colic. 

MACARONS,  Biscuits,  medicinal. 

MACE,  see  Myristica  moschata  —  m.  Reed, 
Tvpha  latifolia. 

'mACBDONISTUM,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

MACER,  Gracilis. 


MACERA'TION,  3lacera'tio,  from  macerare, 
maceratum,  '  to  soften  by  water.'  An  operation 
which  consists  in  infusing,  usually  without  heat, 
a  solid  substance  in  a  liquid,  so  as  to  extract  its 
virtues. 

MACERONA.  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

MACES,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

MACESCERE,  Emaciate. 

MACH^RA,  Culter,  Knife,  Penis. 

MACHJ3RIDI0N,  MachEerion. 

M  A  C  H ^ '  R 1 0  N,  3Iacha>:rius,  Macharid'ion, 
Gladi'olns,  from  fia')(^aipa,  'a  sword,'  jJiaxv,  'a 
fight.'  A  knife.  An  amputating  knife.  Rufus 
of  Ephesus  asserts,  that  the  Aruspices  gave  this 
name  to  a  part  of  the  liver  of  animals. 

MACH^RIS,  Knife,  Novacula. 

MACHA'ON,  from  ftaxaio,  'I  desire  to  fight.' 
The  son  of  ^sculapius,  and  a  celebrated  phy- 
sician. 


MACHAONIA 


560 


MADESIS 


MACHAO'NIA  seu  MACHAON'ICA  ARS. 
Medicine.  The  Mealing  Art:  —  so  called  after 
Machaon,  the  son  of  Jjlseulapius. 

MACHI'NAL,  Mechan'icus.  This  epithet  is 
added  especially  by  French  writers  to  the  word 
movement,  to  express  that  the  will  takes  no  part 
in  it. 

MACHINE',  Mach'ina,  Ifachinamen'tnm, 
Mech'ane,  Mechane'ma.  A  more  or  less  com- 
pound instrument  or  arrangement  for  putting  a 
body  in  motion,  or  for  producing  any  action 
whatever.  Physiologists  sometimes  use  it  for 
the  animal  body  ;  —  as  the  machine  or  animal 
machine. 

MACHLOSYNE,  Nymphomania. 
MAGHOIRE,  Maxillary  bone  —  m.  Diacrani- 
enne,  Maxillary  bone,  lower  —  m.  Syncranienne, 
Maxillary  bone,  superior, 

MACIES,  Atrophy,  Emaciation — m.  Infantum, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

MACILENTUS,  Gracilis. 
MACIS,  see  Myristica  moschata. 
MACRAU'CHEN,    from    macros,    and    avxnv, 
'the  neck.'    Longo  collo  prce'ditus.    One  who  has 
a  long  neck. — Galen. 

MAGRE  FLOTTANTE,  Trapa  natans. 
MACRITITDO,  Emaciation. 
MACROBIOSIS,  Longevity. 
MACROBIOTES,  Longevity. 
MACROBIOT'IC,    Jfacroliot'icus,   Nacroli'o- 
tus,  Macro'bius,  Longm'vus,  from  macros,  and  /3iof, 
•life.'      That   which   lives    a   long    time.      The 
macrobiotic  art,  Macrobiot'ics,  (F.)  Macrobiotique, 
is  the  art  of  living  a  long  time. 
MACROBIOTUS,  Macriobiotic. 
MACROBIUS,  Macrobiotic. 
MACROCEPHALIA,  see  Capitones. 
MACROCBPH'ALUS,    Makroceph'alus,    (F.) 
Macrocephale  ;  from  macros,  and  Knpa'Xr],  '  head.' 
Qui  magnum  habet  caput,     '  One  who  has  a  large 
head.'     This    epithet   is   given  to  children  born 
with  heads  so  large  that  they  seem  to  be  hydro- 
cephalic; but  in  which  the  unusual  development 
is  owing  to  a  large  size  of  the  brain.     Such  are 
supposed  to  be  more  than    ordinarily  liable   to 
convulsions.  [?]     The  term  has  also  been  applied 
by  Hippocrates  to  certain  Asiatics  who  had  long 
heads.     See  Capitones. 

MACROCHI'RIA,  from  macros,  and  ^fip, 
'hand.'  Monstrosity,  characterized  by  excessive 
development  of  the  hands. 

MACPi-OCO'LIA,  from  macros,  and  KuAoy,  'a 
limb.'  Great  length  of  limbs  in  general,  and  of 
the  lower  limbs  in  particular. 

MACROCOSM,  Macrocosm' us,  from  macros, 
and  Koaiioi,  '  world.'  The  universe,  in  contradis- 
tinction to  3Ticrocosm,  which  means  man. 

MACRODAC'TYLUS,  from  macros,  and  ^uktv- 
\os,  '&  finger.'     Having  long  fingers. 

MACROGASTER  PLATYPUS,  Acarus  folli- 
culorum. 

MACROGLOSSA,  see  Macroglossus. 
MACROGLOS'SUS,  from  macros,  and  yXwaaa, 
'  tongue.'    One  who  has  a  very  large  or  prolapsed 
tongue.     See  Paraglossa. 

MACROMEL'IA,  from  macros,  and  /isAoj, 
'  limb.'  Monstrosity,  which  consists  in  the  ex- 
cessive size  of  some  limb. 

MACRONOSI^,  Chronic  diseases. 
MACROPHAL'LUS,  from  macros,  and  (paWo;, 
'  the   male   organ.'    A  large   size   of   the   male 
organ. 

MACROPHO'NUS,  from  macros,  and  ipuivn, 
'voice.'     One  who  has  a  strong  voice. 

MACROPHTHAL'MUS,  from  macros,  and 
oftSaA/ios,  '  eye.'     Having  large  eyes. 

MACROPHYSOCEPH'ALUS,  from  macros, 
(pvaa,  'air,'  and  Ki(pa\n>  '  head.'  A  word  used  by 
Ambrose  Pare  to  designate  an  augmentation  of 


the  head  of  the  foetus,  produced  by  a  sort  of  em- 
physema [?],  which  retards  delivery. 

MACROPIPER,  Piper  longum. 

MACROPNCE'A,  from  macros,  and  Tn-Eu,  'I 
breathe.'     A  long  and  deep  respiration. 

MACROP'NUS,  Maerop'noos.  Same  etymon. 
Long  breathed.  One  who  breathes  slowly:  —  a 
word  met  with  in  some  authors. — Hippocrates. 

MACROP'ODUS,  Mac'ropus,  Megal'opus,  from 
macros,  and  wouj,  tto&os,  'foot.'  One  who  has  a 
large  foot. 

MACROPROSO'PIA,  from  macros,  and  rporro)- 
■:!ov,  '  face.'  Monstrosity,  characterized  by  exces- 
sive size  of  face. 

MACROR,  Emaciation. 

MACROR'RHIS,  from  macros,  and  pif,  or  ptr, 
'nose.'     One  who  has  a  long  nose. 

MACROS,  liUKpoi,  '  great.'     Long. 

MACROS'CELES,  Grura  longa  habeas ;  from 
macros,  and  okiKos,  '  the  leg.'  One  who  has  long 
logs. 

MACROSI^,  Chronic  diseases. 

MACROSOMATIA,  see  Giant. 

MACROSOMIA,  see  Giant. 

MACRO'TES,  from  macros,  and  ovq,  uto;,  'an 
ear.'     One  who  has  long  ears. 

MACROTRYS  RACEMOSA,  see  Act«a  raee- 
mosa. 

MACULA.  A  spot.  Byschrce'a,  Celis,  Lnbes, 
(F.)  Tache.  A  permanent  discoloration  of  some 
portion  of  the  skin,  often  with  a  change  of  its 
texture.  Ephelis,  Ncbvus,  Spilus,  &c.,  belong  to 
Maculae. 

Macula,  Molecule  —  m.  Aurea,  see  Foramen 
centrale  retinae — m.  Cornese,  Caligo — m.  Corneas 
arcuata,  Gerotoxon  —  m.  Cornese  margaritacea, 
Paralampsis  —  m.  Cribrosa,  see  Auditory  canal, 
internal  —  m.  Emortualis,  see  Suggillation  —  m. 
Flava,  see  Foramen  centrale  retinae — m.  Fusca, 
Ephelides  —  m.  Germinativa,  see  Molecule — m. 
Hepatica,  Chloasma  materna,  Nasvus — m.  Lenti- 
cularis,  Ephelides — m.  Lutea  retinae,  see  Fora- 
men centrale — m.  Matricalis,  Neevus — m.  Matri- 
cis,  Nasvus — m.  Nigra,  see  Optic  nerve — m.  Solaris, 
Ephelides. 

MACULE  ALB^,  31.  Lac'tem,  Jn'sulm,  Milk- 
spots.  White  spots,  seen  on  serous  membranes, 
especially  on  that  investing  the  heart,  and  which 
appear  to  be  the  result  of  previous  inflammatory 
action. 

Maculje  Ante  Oculos  Volitantes,  Metamor- 
phopsia — m.  Lacteae,  M.  Alba3. 
MACULOSUS,  Sable. 
MAD,  Insane — m.  Doctor,  see  Psychiatria. 
MADAR,  Mudar. 

MADARO'SIS,  from  naiapoq,  'bald.'  ITadaro'- 
ma,  Made'sis,  Madar'otes,  Made'ma,  Mad'isis, 
Dep)luma'tio,  MilphcB,  Milpho'sis,  Ptilo'sis,  Cal- 
vi'ties.  Loss  of  the  hair,  particularly  of  the  eye- 
lashes. 

MADAROTES,  Madarosis. 
MADDER,  DYERS',  Rubia. 
MADEIRA,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  island  is 
much  frequented  by  pulmonary  invalids,  on  ac- 
count of  the  mildness  and  equability  of  its  cli- 
mate. Owing,  indeed,  to  the  mildness  of  the 
winter,  and  the  coolness  of  the  summer,  together 
with  the  remarkable  equality  of  the  temperature 
during  day  and  night,  as  well  as  throughout  the 
year,  it  has  been  considered  that  the  climate  of 
Madeira  is  the  finest  in  the  northern  hemisphere. 
Sir  James  Clark  is  of  opinion  that  there  is  no 
place  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  with  which  he 
is  acquainted,  where  the  pulmonary  invalid  could 
reside  with  so  much  advantage,  during  the  whole 
year,  as  in  Madeira. 

MADELEON,  Bdellium. 
MADEMA,  Madarosis. 
MADESIS,  Depilation,  Madarosis. 


MADisrs 


561 


MAGNESIA 


MADISIS,  Depilation,  Madarosis. 

MADISON  SPRINaS,  see  Georgia,  Mineral 
waters  of. 

MADISTE'RIITM,  nahartniiov,  Triehola'hium, 
Trichol'abis,  Vohel'la.  Tweezers.  An  instru- 
ment for  extracting  hairs. 

MAD  JOUND,  Macljowi.  A  mixture  of  powdered 
hemp  and  honey,  used  as  a  narcotic  agent,  like 
tobacco,  bjT  the  Algerines. 

MADNESS,  CANINE,  Hydrophobia  — m. 
Raving  or  furious.  Mania. 

MADOR,  Moisture.     A  cold  sweat. 

MADORIUS,  Mudar. 

MADREPORA  OCULATA,  see  Coral. 

MADWEED,  Scutellaria  lateriflora. 

M.EA.  Midwife. 

M^^EIA,  Obstetrics. 

MJEEUMA,  see  Parturition. 

M^IA,  Obstetrics. 

MAESA  PICTA,  Saoria. 

MiEUSIS,  Parturition. 

MiEUTRIA,  Midwife. 

M  AGDA'LIA,  Magda'hon,  Ifagda'h's.  '  Crumb 
of  bread.'  Any  medicine,  as  a  pill,  formed  of 
crumb  of  bread.     A  roll  of  plaster. 

MAGEIRICE,  Culinary  art. 

MAGGOT  PIMPLE,  see  Acne. 

MAGIS,  nayis,  'a  cake.'  A  sort  of  cake,  com- 
posed of  cloves,  garlic  and  cheese,  beaten  to- 
gether.— Hippocrates. 

MAGISTERIUM,  Magistery  — m.  Bismuthi, 
Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — m.  Jalapse,  Resin  of 
Jalap  —  m.  Marcasitae,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — 
m.  Plumbi,  Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  m.  Sulphuris, 
Sulphur  lotura — m.  Tartar!  purgans,  PotassEe 
acetas. 

MAG''ISTERT,  3Iagiste' rinm,  from  magisfer, 
'a  master.'  Certain  precipitates  from  saline  so- 
lutions were  formerly  so  called ;  as  well  as  other 
medicines,  the  j^reparation  of  which  was  kept 
secret. 

Magistery  of  Bismuth,  Bismuth,  subnitrate 
of. 

MAG"ISTRAL,  3[agistra'U8.  Same  etymon. 
Extempora' neons.  A  prescription  is  so  called  — 
Fonn'ula  magistra'lis  seu  extempora'nea — which 
is  prepared  extemporaneously;  an  officinal  pre- 
scription—  Form'ula  officina'lis  —  being  such  as 
has  been  prepared  for  some  time  before  it  is  pre- 
scribed. 

MAGTSTRANTIA,  Imperatoria. 

MAGMA,  nayfia,  (F.)  Jfarc.  The  thick  resi- 
duum, obtained  after  expressing  certain  sub- 
stances to  extract  the  fluid  parts  from  them.  The 
grounds  which  remain  after  treating  a  substance 
with  water,  alcohol,  or  any  other  menstruum. 
Also,  a  salve  of  a  certain  consistence. 

Magma  or  Marc  of  Olives  is  the  residuum 
after  the  greatest  possible  quantity  of  oil  has  been 
extracted  from  olives  by  making  them  ferment. 
It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  stimulant,  under 
the  form  of  a  bath — to  which  the  name  Bain  de 
Marc  was  given  by  the  French. 

Magma  or  Marc  of  Grapes,  Bry'tia,  was 
once  employed  for  the  same  purposes. 

3IAGMA  RETICULE,  'reticulated  magma.' 
The    gelatiniform    substance  found  between  the 
chorion  and  amnion  in  the  early  period  of  em- 
bryonic existence. 
MAGNES,  Magnet. 

Magxes  Arsenica'lis.  {SulpTiur,  white  arse- 
711C,  and  common  antimony,  of  each  equal  parts. 
Mis  by  fusion.)  It  is  corrosive.  See  Magnetic 
plaster. 

Magnes  Epilepsia,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

MAGNE'SIA,     Abarnahas,     Chamhar,     Terra 
ama'ra,  Magnesia  terra,  Tale  earth;  from  mag- 
nes,  '  the  magnet.'     An  alkaline  earth  whose  me- 
36 


tallic  base  is  magnesium.  The  term  Magncsi.-i 
was  employed,  of  old,  for  any  substance  that 
seemed  to  have  the  power  of  attracting  some 
principle  from  the  air.  At  present  it  is  restricted 
to— 

Magnesia,  M.  uata  seu  calcina'ta,  Cal'cined 
Magnesia,  Oxide  of  magnr'sium,  (F.)  MagiiMe 
bru/ee,  3Iagnesie,  31.  Caustiqne.  This  is  obtained 
bj'  exposing  carbonate  of  magnesia  to  a  strong 
heat.  It  is  inodorous;  taste  very  slightly  bitter; 
in  the  form  of  a  white,  light,  spongy,  soft  powder. 
S.  g.  2-3  ;  requiring  2000  times  its  weight  of  water 
for  its  solution.  It  is  antacid,  and  laxative  when 
it  meets  with  acid  in  the  stomach.  Dose,  gr.  s 
to  3j'  in  water  or  milk. 

Henry's,  Husband's,  and  Ellis's  3Iagnesia,  are 
dense  forms  of  this  preparation. 

Magnesia,  Acetate  of,  Magnesife  acetas  — 
m.  Aerata,  Magnesias  carbonas — m.  Alba,  M.  car- 
bonas  —  m.  Calcinata,  M.  usta  —  m.  Citrate  of. 
Magnesias  oitras — m.  Dinneford's,  see  Magnesia, 
fluid — m.  Edinburgensis,  M.  carbonas. 

Magnesia,  Effervescing,  Moxon's.  (3fag- 
nes.  carb. ;  31.  sxdphat. ;  Soda  hicarbon.,  Acid 
tartaric,  aa  partes  ffiquales ;  to  be  pulverized, 
well  dried,  mixed,  and  enclosed  in  bottles  herme- 
tically sealed.)  Dose,  a  teaspoonful  in  half  a 
tumbler  of  water,  drunk  in  a  state  of  eflervescence. 
Magnesia,  Ellis's,  see  Magnesia. 
Magnesia,  Fluid.  Under  this  name  a  prepa- 
ration is  designated,  which  consists  of  a  solution 
of  carbonate  of  magnesia  in  carbonated  water. 
It  is  also  termed  carbonated  magnesia  icater,  ae- 
rated magnesia  water,  and  condensed  solution  of 
magnesia,  (F.)  Eau  viagnesicnne.  Dinneford's 
3Iagnesia  is  a  solution  of  this  kind. 

Magnesia,  Henry's, Magnesia — ra.  Husband's, 
see  Magnesia — m.  Mitis,  Magnesiee  carbonas — m. 
Muriate  of,  Magnesii  chloridum — m.  Nigra,  Man- 
ganese, black  oxide  of. 

Magnesia  Opali'na.  A  name  given  by  Le- 
mery  to  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  antimony, 
nitrate  ofpotassa,  and  chloride  of  sodium,  (decre- 
pitated.) It  has  emetic  properties,  but  is  not 
used. 

Magnesia  Salis  Amari,  Magnesia  carbonas 
— m.  Salis  Ebsdamensis,  Magnesia  carbonas — m. 
Saturni,  Antimonium — m.  Solution  of,  condensed, 
M.  fluid  —  m.  Subcarbonate  of.  Magnesia  carbo- 
nas—  m.  Subcarbonate  of,  hydrated,  Magnesia3 
carbonas  —  m.  Terra,  Magnesia — m.  Yitriolata, 
Magnesife  sulphas — m.  and  Soda,  sulphate  of,  see 
Soda,  sulphate  of— m.  Usta,  Magnesia. 

Magne'sije  Ace'tas,  Ac"ctate  of  3fagne'sia. 
This  salt  is  prepared  by  saturating  carbonate  of 
magnesia  with  acetic  acid.  It  is  of  syrupy  con- 
sistence, and  about  four  ounces  is  a  dose.  It  acts 
like  citrate  of  magnesia. 

Magnesia  Car'bonas  seu  Subcar'bonas,  3Iag- 
nesia  (Dublin),  3T.  aera'ta  seu  carbon'ica  seu 
alba,  31.  Suhcarbon'ica  seu  3Iitis  seu  Edinburg- 
en'sis  seu  Salis  Ebsdamen'sis  seu  Salis  ama'ri, 
Car'bonas  magne'sicum,  Lac  terra,  Hypoenr'bonaa 
magne'sicB,  Terra  amara  aera'ta  seu  absor'bens 
minera'lis  seu  talco'sa  oxyanthraco'des,  Subcar'- 
bonate  of  3Iagnesia,  Hy'drated  Subear'bonate  of 
3[o,gnesia,  (F.)  Sous-carbonate  ou  carbonate  de 
3Iaqnesie,  3fagnesie  aerie  ou  blanche  ou  crayeuse 
ou  douce  ou  effervescente  OU  moijenne  ou  Anglaise, 
Craie  ou  Terre  magnesienne,  Lait  de  Terre,  Pa- 
nacee  Anglaise,  Poudre  de  Sentinelli  ou  de  Valen- 
tini  ou  du  Comte  de  Palme  ou  de  Zwinger.  Pre- 
pared from  sulphate  of  magnesia  by  subcarbonate 
of  potassa.  It  is  inodorous  ;  insipid  ;  light;  white  : 
spongy;  opake;  effervescing  with  acids;  inso- 
luble in  water.  Properties  the  same  as  the  last ; 
but  the  carbonic  acid,  when  set  free,  sometimes 
causes  unpleasant  distension. 

Magnesi-e  Citras,  Citrate  of  3[agnesia,  (F.) 


MAGNESIAN   LEMONADE 


56: 


MAGNOLIA   GLAUCA 


Citrate  de  Ifagniste.  A  saline  preparation,  formed 
by  saturating  a  solution  of  eitric  acid  with  either 
magnesia  or  its  carionate.  Dose,  an  ounce.  It 
is  devoid  of  the  bitter  taste  of  the  magnesian 
salts. 

A  solution  in  water,  or  in  mineral  water,  sweet- 
ened with  syrup,  and  acidulated  with  citric  acid, 
makes  an  agreeable  purgative.  A  simple  solu- 
tion in  water  has  been  called  magnesian  lemonade. 
In  the  effervescing  state,  it  is  the  efferveneing 
■/iiagnesian  lemonade.  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States  (1861)  has  a  form  for  the  Liquor 
MagnesIjE  Citra'tis,  Solution  of  Citrate  nf  3Iag- 
nesia.  Take  of  Carhonate  of  magnesia,  '^y ;  ci- 
tric acid,  ^^viiss ;  Syrup  of  citric  acid,  f.^ij ," 
Water,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Dissolve  the  citric 
acid  in  f.^iv  of  water,  and  add  '^'w  of  the  carjio- 
nate  of  magnesia,  previously  rubbed  with  f^iij 
of  water.  When  the  reaction  has  ceased,  filter 
into  a  strong  f^xij  glass  bottle,  into  which  the 
syrup  of  citric  acid  has  been  previously  intro- 
duced. Rub  the  remaining  carbonate  of  magne- 
sia with  f,^ij  of  water,  and  pour  the  mixture  into 
the  bottle,  which  must  be  well  corked,  and  secured 
with  twine;  and  shake  the  mixture  occasionally 
until  it  becomes  transparent.  As  a  cathartic  the 
whole  of  this  may  be  taken. 

MagiNesijo  Hypocarbonas,  M.  carbonas  —  m. 
Subcarbonas,  M.  carbonas — m.  Vitriolicum,  Mag- 
nesifB  sulphas. 

MagnesijE  Sulphas,  Sulphas  Ifagnesia  puri- 
fca'ta,  Magnesia  vitriola'ta,  Sal  catlia^-'ticus 
ama'rua  seu  catJiarticum  amantm  seu  ama'rum 
sen  Anglica'niim  seu  Epsomen'sis  seu  catJiarticus 
Anglica'nns  seu  Sedlicen'sis  seu  Ehsdamen'se  seu 
Seydschiilzen'se,  Terra  ama'ra  sidphu'rica.  Vitri- 
ol'icum  Magne'sicB,  Sulphate  of  Ilagnesia,  Epsom 
Salt,  Bitter  purging  Salt,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  mag- 
nesie,  Scl  admirable  de  Lemery,  Sel  d'Egra.  Gene- 
rally obtained  from  sea-water.  Its  taste  is  bitter 
and  disagreeable.  It  is  soluble  in  an  equal 
quantity  of  water  at  60°.  It  is  purgative  and 
diuretic.     Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  ^ss  to  ^ij. 

MAGNESIAN  LEMONADE,  "Magnesis 
citras.         ^  ^ 

uVAGNESIE  AER£e,  JIagnesias  carbonas— 
— m.  Anglaise,  Magnesise  carbonas — m.  Blanche, 
MagnesiaB  carbonas — m.  Brxdee,  Magnesia  usta — 
m.  Carhonate  de,  Magnesite  carbonas  —  m.  Cana- 
tique.  Magnesia  usta  —  in.  Citrate  de,  Magnesise 
citras  —  m.  Crayease,  Magnesife  carbonas — -m. 
Douce,  Magnesise  carbonas  —  m.  Effervescente, 
Magnesias  carbonas — m.  I/oyenne,  Magnesiee  car- 
bonas— m.  SoHscarbonate  de,  Magnesite  carbonas 
— m.  S'-dfate  de,  Maenesife  sulphas. 

MAGNE'SII  CIILO'RIDUM,  Chloride  of 
Magne'sium,  JIu'rinte  of  3!agnesia.  This  bitter 
deliquescent  salt  has  been  given  as  a  mild  and 
eiFective  cholagogue  cathartic,  in  the  dose  of  half 
an  ounce  to  the  adult.  Being  deliquescent,  it 
may  be  kept  dissolved  in  its  weight  of  water. 

MAGNESIUM,  see  Magnesia— m.  Chloride  of, 
Magnesii  chloridum  —  m.  Oxide  of,  Magnesia 
usta. 

MAGNET,  Ifagnes,  llagne'tes,  Ferrum  magnes 
attraeto'rivin,  Sideri'tes,  Sideri'tis,  Lapis  hera- 
cle'us  seu  Si/deri'tis  seu  nau'ticus,  3Iagni'tis,  so 
called  from  Magnes,  its  discoverer,  or  from  Mag- 
nesia, where  it  is  said  to  have  been  first  found. 
(F.)  Aimant.  Pirrre  d'Aimant.  The  magnet  or 
loadstone  An  amorphous,  oxydulated  ore  of 
iron,  which  exerts  an  attraction  on  unmagnetized 
iron,  and  has  the  property  of  exhibiting  poles  ; 
that  is,  of  pointing  by  one  of  its  extremities  to 
the  north.  This  ore,  by  constant  or  long  rub- 
bing, communicates  its  properties  to  iron  ;  and 
thus  artificial  magnets  are  formed.  Magnetic 
ore  is  found  in  many  countries,  and  particularly 
in  the  island  of  Ellia.     The  magnet  is  sometimes 


used  to  extract  spicula  of  iron  from  the  eye  or 
from  wounds.  It  has  been  employed  as  an  anti- 
spasmodic ;  but  acts  only  through  the  imagina- 
tion. The  powder  has  been  given  as  a  tonic.  In 
Pharmacy,  it  is  used  to  purify  iron  filings.  It 
attracts  the  iron,  and  the  impurities  remain  be- 
hind. It  formerly  entered,  as  an  ingredient,  into 
several  plasters,  to  draw  bullets  and  heads  of 
arrows  from  the  body — as  the  Emplastrum  divi- 
num  Nicolai,  the  Emplastrum  nigrum  of  Augs- 
burg, the  Opodeldoch,  and  Attractivum  of  Para- 
celsus, &G. 

MAGNETES,  Magnet. 

MAGNET'IC,  Magnet'icns,  (F.)  Ilagnetique. 
Same  etymon.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
magnetism  ; — mineral  or  animal. 

Magnetic  Fluid.  A  name  given  to  the  im- 
ponderable fluid  to  which  the  magnet  owes  its 
virtues.  By  analogy  it  is  applied  to  a  particular 
principle,  supposed  to  be  the  source  of  organic 
actions,  which  affects,  it  is  conceived,  the  ner- 
vous system  principally,  and  is  susceptible  of 
being  transmitted  from  one  living  body  to  an- 
other, by  contact  or  simple  approximation,  and 
especially  under  the  influence  of  fixed  volition. 
See  Magnetism,  Animal. 

Magnetic  Plaster.  A  plaster,  at  present, 
not  used.  It  has  for  its  base  a  mixture,  called 
Ifagnes  arsenica'lis ;  formed  of  equal  parts  of 
antimony,  sulphur  and  arsenic  melted  together  in 
a  glass  cucurbit.  The  name  31agnetic  pilaster 
was,  likewise,  given  to  such  as  contained  pow- 
dered magnet. 

MAGNETINUS,  Potassae  supertartras  im- 
purus. 

MAG'NETISM,  AN'IMAL,  3fes'merism,Path'. 
etism,  Neuroga'mia,  Bioga'mia,  Biomagnetis'mus, 
Zoomagnetia'mus,  Exon'evrism  (proposed  by  Mr. 
H.  Mayo),  Telluris'mus,  Anthropomagnetis'mus, 
Gar'gale,  Gargalis'mus,  Oar'galus.  Properties 
attributed  to  the  influence  of  a  particular  prin- 
ciple, which  has  been  compared  to  that  which 
characterizes  the  magnet.  It  is  supposed  to  be 
transmitted  from  one  person  to  another,  and  to 
impress  peculiar  modifications  on  organic  action, 
especially  on  that  of  the  nerves.  The  discus- 
sions, to  which  this  strange  belief  has  given  rise, 
are  by  no  means  terminated.  There  is  no  evi- 
dence whatever  of  the  existence  of  such  a  fluid. 
Highly  impressible  persons  can  be  thrown  into  a 
kind  of  hysteric  or  'magnetic'  sleep  and  somnam- 
bulism, (designated  by  Mr.  Braid,  hypi'notism, 
neuro-hyp'notism,  and  iiervous  sleep) ;  but  farther 
than  this,  the  efforts  of  the  magnetizer  cannot 
reach.  It  is  a  mode  of  action  upon  the  nerves 
through  the  medium  of  the  senses. 

MAGNETIZATION,  Mesmerization. 

MAGNETIZED,  Mesmerized. 

MAGNETIZER,  Mesmerizer. 

MAGNITIS.  Magnet. 

MAGNITUDO  CORPORIS,  Stature— m.  Gi- 
gantea,  see  Giant. 

MAGNOC,  Jatropha  manihot. 

MAGNOLIA  FRAGRANS,  M.  glauca. 

Magno'lia  Glauca,  Magnolia,  M.  fragrnns, 
Small  Magnolia,  Swamp  Sas'safras,  Elk  Barh, 
Indian  Baric,  White  Laurel,  Sweet  Bay,  Beaver 
Wood,  Beaver  Tree,  White  Bay,  Cinchona  of 
Virginia,  Castor  Bay,  Sweet  or  Laurel  magnolia, 
(F. )  J/agnolier  glatique.  Ord.  Magnoliaccee. 
The  bark  is  possessed  of  tonic  properties,  resem- 
bling those  of  ca,scarilla,  eanella,  <fcc.  The  same 
may  be  said  of  the  Magnolia  tripet'ala  sen  Um- 
l)rell»,  Umbrel'la  tree;  the  31.  acumina'ta  or 
Cu'cumber  tree,  the  3f.  grandiflo'ra  and  3L  ma- 
crophyl'la.  Laurel,  Elk  wood,  Silverleaf  Big  leaf, 
White  Bay,  Beaver   Tree,  Rli;.   hark.  Big  bloom. 

Magnolia  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  the  bark  of  3fagnoh'a 
glauca,  3L  acumina'ta,  and  M,  tripet'ala. 


MAGNOLIER    GLAZTQUE         563  MA  L  ABIES  ACQ  VISES 


3IAGN0LIER  GLAUQUE,  Magnolia  glauea. 

MAGNUM  DEI  DONUM,  Cinchona. 

Magnum  Os.  The  third  bone  of  the  lower  row 
of  the  carpus,  reckoning  from  the  thumb.  It  is 
the  largest  bone  of  the  carpus ;  and  is,  also,  called 
Os  capita' turn;  (F.)  Grand  Os. 

MAGRUMS.  A  popular  name  in  the  State  of 
New  York  for  a  singular  convulsive  affection, 
which  resembles  chorea.  It  rarely,  however,  oc- 
curs before  the  adult  age ;  never  ceases  sponta- 
neously, and,  when  fully  developed,  is  devoid  of 
any  paroxysmal  character. 

MAGUEY,  Agave  Americana. 

MAHMOUDY,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

MAHOGAN  FEBRIFUGE,  Swietenia  febri- 
fuga. 

MAHOGANY,  Gynocladus  Canadensis.  Also, 
a  drink  in  use  among  the  Cornish  fishermen  of 
England,  which  is  made  of  two  parts  gin  and  one 
part  treacle,  well  beaten  together.  An  analogous 
drink  —  a  mixture  of  whisky  and  honey,  (see 
Mead,  under  Hydromel,)  is  known  in  the  High- 
lands of  Scotland  by  the  name  Athol  porridge. 

Mahogany  Mountain,  Betula  lenta — m.  Tree, 
Swietenia  mahogani. 

MAIANTHEMUM,  Convallaria  maialis. 

MAIDENHAIR,  Adiantum  capillus  veneris — 
m.  American,  Adiantum  pedatum  —  m.  Canada, 
Adiantum  pedatum  —  m.  Common,  Asplenium 
triehomanoides  —  m.  Golden,  Polytrichum  —  m. 
White,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

MAIDENHEAD,  Virginity. 

MAIDENHOOD,  Virginity. 

MAIEIA,  Obstetrics. 

MAIEUMA,  see  Parturition. 

MAIEUSIS,  Parturition. 

MAIEUTA,  see  Parturition. 

MAIEUTER,  Accoxicheur. 

MAIBUTES,  Accoucheur. 

MAIEUTICA  ARS,  Obstetrics. 

MAIGREUR,  Emaciation. 

3TAILLET,  Mallet. 

3r AIL  LOT,  Swathing  clothes. 

31  A  IN,  Manus. 

MAIRANIA  UVA  URSI,  Arbutus  urva  ursi. 

3IAIS,  Zea  mays. 

3IAIS0N-  PETITE,  Morotrophium, 

MAJOR  HEL'ICIS.  A  narrow  band  of  mus- 
cular fibres  situate  upon  the  anterior  border  of 
the  helix  of  the  ear,  just  above  the  tragus. 

MAJORANA,  Origanum  majorana  —  m.  Hor- 
tensis.  Origanum  majorana  —  m.  Syriaca,  Teu- 
crium  marum. 

MAKROCEPHALUS,  Macrocephalus. 

NAL  I)'A3I0UR,  Odontalgia. 

3IAL  DES  ARDENS.  A  name  given  to  a 
species  of  pestilential  erysipelas  or  Saint  Antho- 
ny's fire,  which  reigned  epidemically  in  France, 
in  11.30. 

31  AL  D'AVENTURE,  Paronychia  —  m.  di 
Breno,  Scherlievo  —  m.  Caduc,  Epilepsy  —  m.  de 
Cerf,  Tetanus. 

31  AL  BE  CR13IEE  (F.),  Llpre  des  Cosaaqnea, 
Lepra  Taa'rica.  A  variety  of  lepra  in  the 
Crimea. 

3IAL  DE  DENT,  Odontalgia— m.  d'Estomac, 
Chthonophagia  —  m.  Divin,  Epilepsy  —  m.  d' En- 
fant, Pains  (Labour) — m.  di  Fiume,  Scherlievo — 
7n.  Frangais,  Syphilis — m.  de  Gorge,  Cynanche — 
m.  Grand,  see  Epilepsy — m.  Haut,  Epilepsy — m, 
de  3Idchoire,  Trismus  —  m.  de  3Ier,  Nausea  ma- 
rina—  m.  de  3Iere,  Hysteria — m.  de  3Iisere,  Pel- 
lagra—  m.  de  3Iontagne,  Puna  —  m.  de  Naples, 
Syphilis — vi.  Petit,  see  Epilepsy — m.  des  Pieds  et 
des  mains,  Aerodynia — m.  Regionale,  Endemy — • 
m.  de  la  Rosa,  Pellagra — m.  du  Roi,  Scrofula — m. 
Rouge  de  Cayenne,  Elephantiasis  of  Cayenne — m. 
Saint  Antoine,  Erysipelas  —  m.  Saint  Jean,  Epi- 


lepsy— m.  Saint  3Iain,  Lepra,  Psora — m.  di  Scher^ 
lievo,  Scherlievo — m.  de  Sia?H,  Fever,  yellow. 

3IAL  DE  SAN  LAZARO,  Cocobay.  A  le- 
prous  disease,  common  in  Colombia,  S.  America. 

3IAL  DEL  SOLE,  Pellagra  — m.  de  Sologne, 
Ergotism  —  m.  de  Terre,  Epilepsy  —  m.  d  Tete, 
Cephalalgia — m.  del  Valle,  Proctocace — m.  Vat, 
see  Anthrax. 

MALA,  Gena  —  m.  Aurea,  see  Citrus  auran- 
tium. 

MALABATH'RINUM.  Ancient  name  of  an 
ointment  and  a  wine,  into  which  the  malabathrum 
entered. 

MALABA'THRUM,  Gadeji-Indi.  The  leaves 
of  a  tree  of  the  East  Indies.  These  leaves  en- 
tered into  the  theriae,  mithridate,  and  other  an- 
cient electuaries.  They  are  believed  to  be  from 
a  species  of  laurel — Laurus  Cassia;  but,  accord- 
ing to  others,  from  Laurtcs  3Ialabatkrum.  Tho 
O'leum  3Ialabathri  is  obtained  from  it. 

MALACCA  RADIX,  Sagittarium  alexiphar- 
macum. 

MALACHE,  Malva  rotundifolia. 

MALA'CIA,  from  ixaXaKia,  'softness.'  A  de- 
pravation of  taste,  in  which  an  almost  universal 
loathing  is  combined  with  an  exclusive  longing 
for  some  particular  article  of  food.  If  the  pa- 
tient desires  substances  that  are  noxious  or  not 
eatable,  it  constitutes  Pica,  Ptaso'sis,  Pitto'sis, 
Heterorex'ia,  Heterorrhex' ia,  Cissa,  Citto'sia, 
Citta,  Limo'sia  Pica,  Allotriopha'gia,  Picacis'- 
mua,  Pica'tio,  Depra'ved  ajj' petite,  (F.)  Envie. 
These  symptoms  accompany  several  nervous  af- 
fections,—  those  of  females  in  particular.  In 
pregnancy  it  is  common,  and  is  termed  Longing. 

Malacta  Africanorum,  Chthonophagia  —  m. 
Cordis,  Cardiomalacia. 

MALACISMUS,  Mollities. 

MALACOGASTER,  Gastromalaxia. 

MALACOPHO'NUS,  from  piaXaxia,  'softness,' 
and  0ui';7,  'voice.'     One  who  has  a  soft  voice. 

MALACOPOEA,  Emollients. 

MALACORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALACOSARCO'SIS,  from  inaXaKog,  •  so%'  and 
o-rtpf,  aapKog,  'flesh.'  State  of  softness  of  the 
muscular  system. 

MALACOSIS,  Mollities— m.  Cerebri.  Mollities 
cerebri — m.  Cordis,  Cardiomalacia — m.  Hepatis, 
Hepatomalacia — m.  Uteri,  Hysteromalacia. 

MALACOSTEON,  Mollities  ossium. 

MALACOSTEOSIS,  Mollities  ossium. 

MALACTICA,  Emollients. 

MALACTICUM,  Relaxant. 

3IALADE,  Sick. 

3IALADIE,  Disease — m.  AngJaise,  Hypochon- 
driasis—  m.  Bleue,  Cyanopathy  —  m.  de  Bright, 
Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the — w.  BuUeuse,  see 
Bullous,  Pemphigus  —  m.  de  Cruveilheir,  see 
Brash,  weaning  —  m.  Cuculaire,  Pertussis  —  m. 
Glandulaire,  Elephantiasis  Arabica  —  ot.  Imagi- 
naire,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria — m.  3Iercurielle, 
Hydrargyriasis. 

3TALADIE  DES  3IINEURS.  Anemia  oc- 
curring in  the  workers  in  mines. 

3IALADIE  NOIRE,  Melsena  — w.  dti  Pays, 
Nostalgia  —  m.  Pedicidaire,  Phtheiriasis  —  m.  de 
Pott,  Vertebral  disease — m.  Typho'ide,  see  Typhus 
— m.  Venerienne,  Syphilis — vi.  de  Venus,  Syphilis 
— m.  de  Werlhof,  Purpura  hsemorrhagica. 

iOZJ.Z)/^^  ^ C^  C7>S'£7^,  Acquired  diseases— 
m.Annuellea,KMM\isX  diseases—ni.  Chronigwe8,ChT0- 
nic  diseases  —  m.  Connees,  Connate  diseases — m. 
Dissimuleea,  Feigned  diseases — jre.Krierneg, Exter- 
nal diseases — m.  Feintes,  Feigned  diseases — m.He- 
reditairea.  Hereditary  diseases — m.  Inneea,  Innate 
diseases — m.  Legitimea,  see  Legitimate — m.  Ner- 
veuses,  Nervous  diseases  —  m.  Religieuses,  Reli- 
gious diseases  —  m.  Simuleea,  Feigned  diseases — 


MALADIF 


564 


MALLEUS 


ti.    Sporadiques,    see    Sporadic  —  m.    Supposees, 
Feigned  diseases — m.  Venteuses,  Pneumatosis. 
MALADIF,  Sickly. 
MALADRERIE,  Ladrerie. 
MALADY,  ENGLISH,  Hypochondriasis. 

MAL^  OS,  from  malum,  '  an  apple  ;'  so  called 
from  its  roundness.  Zyfjo'ma,  Os  mala're  seu 
Juga'le  sen  Jiigamen'tum  seu  Gena  sen  Zyyomat'i- 
cum  seu  Hypo'pium  seu  Suhocida're  seu  Piidi'- 
cum,  (F.)  Os  Malaire  ou  Zi/gomafique  ou  de  la 
Pommette.  The  i^eek  or  malar  hone.  This  bone 
is  situate  at  the  lateral  and  superior  part  of  the 
face  ;  and  constitutes  the  zygomatic  region  of  the 
cheek.  It  is  irregularly  quadrilateral.  Its  outer 
surface  is  convex,  covered  by  muscles  and  skin, 
and  pierced  with  canals,  called  malar,  through 
which  vessels  and  nerves  pass.  Its  upper  sur- 
face is  concave,  and  forms  part  of  the  orbit.  Its 
jtosterior  surface  is  concave,  and  enters  into  the 
composition  of  the  temporal  fossa.  This  bone  is 
thick  and  cellular.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
frontal,  temporal,  sphenoid,  and  superior  maxil- 
lary bones,  and  is  developed  by  a  single  point  of 
ossification. 

The  part  of  the  face  rendered  prominent  by 
it,  the  French  call  Pommette. 

MALAG'MA,  from  fia\aaa(i>,  'I  soften.'  An 
emollient  cataplasm,  and,  in  general,  every  local 
application  which  enjoys  the  property  of  soften- 
ing organic  tissues. 

MALAIRE,  Malar. 

MALAISE,  Indisposition. 

MALAKIEN,  Mollities. 

MALAMBO  BARK,  Matias. 

MALANDERS,  Malandria. 

MALAN'DRIA.  A  species  of  lepra  or  elephan- 
tiasis.—  Marcellus  Empiricus.  MaVanders  or 
Mall'enders,  is  a  disease  of  the  horse,  which  con- 
sists of  a  scurfy  eruption  on  the  inside  of  the 
hock,  or  a  little  below  it,  as  well  as  at  the  bend 
of  the  knee.  It  is  called  3Iallenders  in  the  fore- 
leg, and  Sallenders  in  the  hind  leg. — Touatt. 

MALANDRIO'SUS,  Leprous.  Affected  with 
malandria. 

MALAR,  Mala'ris,  (P.)  Malaire,  from  mala, 
'the  cheek,'  Belonging  to  the  cheek,  —  as  the 
malar  bone. 

Malar  Process,  Zygomatic  process. 

MALARE  OS,  Malae  os. 

MALARIA,  Miasm. 

MALA'RIOUS,  Mala'rtal.  Owing  to,  or  con- 
nected with  Malaria, — as  a  malarious  soil,  mala- 
rious disease,  &a. 

MALASSlM.lLA'T10'^,Malassim{la'tio ;  from 
mala,  '  bad,'  and  assimilatio,  '  assimilation.'  Im- 
perfect or  morbid  assimilation  or  nutrition. 

MAL'AXATE,  3Iolli're,  Suhig" ere,  Malacissa' - 
re,  (F.)  Malaxer,  from  \kaKaaais>, '  I  soften.'  To  pro- 
duce softening  of  drugs,  by  kneading  them.  The 
process  is  called  Malaxa'tion,  Malaxa'tio, 

MALAXATION,  see  Malaxate. 

MALAXIA  VENTRICULL  Gastromalaxia. 

MALAXIS,  Mollities  —  m.  Cordis,  Cardioma- 
laeia — m.  Hepatica,  Adiposis  hepatiea. 

MALAY,  see  Homo. 

MALAZISSA'TUS,  Malacissa'tua,  same  ety- 
mon as  Malaxate.  One  in  whom  the  testicles 
have  not  descended.  It  has,  also,  been  used  sy- 
nonymously w'th  emascula'tus  and  muliera'tus. — 
Caslelli. 

MALCE,  Chilblain. 

MALE,  J/as,  Mas'cidus.  Of  the  sex  that  be- 
gets young.  Not  female.  What  belongs  to  the 
male  sex  ;  as  the  male  organs  of  generation, 

Male,  Axilla. 

Male  Organ,  Penis, 

MALE  DI BRENO,  see  Scherlievo  —  m.  Sca- 
hioso  venerea,  Scherlievo. 

MALEFICIUM,  Poisoning. 


MALFORMA'TION,  malforma'tio,  maleonfor- 
ma'tio  ;  from  mal,  a,n<].  forma,  'form.'  A  wrong 
formation  ;  or  irregularity  in  the  structure  of 
parts.     See  Monster. 

MALHERBE,  Plumbago  Europaa. 

MALTA,  see  Equinia. 

MALTA SMUS,  Mails,  see  Equinia. 

MALICE,  AlthEEa. 

MALICHORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALICORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALIE,  Equinia. 

MALTG'XANT,  Malig'nus,  (F.)  Malin.  A 
term  applied  to  any  disease  whose  symptoms  are 
so  aggravated  as  to  threaten  the  destruction  of 
the  patient.  A  disease  of  a  very  serious  charac- 
ter, although  it  may  be  mild  in  appearance  j  — 
Morhus  malignns. 

MALIX,  Malignant. 

MALING'ERER;  from  (F.)  malingre, '  sicklj.' 
A  simulator  of  disease,  so  termed  in  the  British 
military  service. 

MALTS,  Malias'mos,  Cuta'neous  vermina'tiou, 
HelmintJion'cus.  The  cuticle  or  skin  infested 
with  animalcules,  —  PhtJiiri'asis,  Parasitis'mns 
superfie"iei.  In  Persia,  this  affection  is  produced 
by  the  Guinea  worm  ;  in  South  America,  by  the 
Chigre;  and  in  Europe,  occasionally  by  the 
Louse.     See  Equinia,  and  Phtheiriasis. 

Malis  Dracunculus,  Dracunculns — m.  Gordii, 
Dracunculus — m.  Pediouli,  Phtheiriasis. 

MALLEXDERS,  Malandria. 

MALLE'OLAR,  Malleola'ris,  from  malleolus, 
'the  ankle.'  (F.)  Malleolaire.  Belonging  or  re- 
lating to  the  ankles. 

Malleolar  Arteries  are  two  branches  fur- 
nished by  the  anterior  tibial  about  the  instep  ; 
the  one — the  internal — passes  transversely  behind 
the  tendon  of  the  tibialis  anticus,  to  be  distributed 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  malleolus  internus;  —  the 
other  —  the  external — glides  behind  the  tendons 
of  the  extensor  communis  digitorum  pedis  and  the 
peroneus  hrevis,  and  sends  its  branches  to  the 
parts  which  surround  the  outer  ankle,  as  well  as 
to  the  outer  region  of  the  tarsus. 

MALLE'OLUS.  Diminutive  of  malleus,  '  a 
mallet,  or  hammer;'  Race'ta,  Paste' fa,  Pascha, 
Rnsetta,  Pase'ta,  Sphyra,  Talus,  Diah'ehos,  Ta- 
le'olus,  Peza,  Ankle,  (Prov.)  Ancler,  Anclet, 
Aneliff,  Anclow,  Ankley,  Rick,  (Sc.)  Cute,  Coot 
Hancleth,  Heather- clu,  (F.)  Malleole.  Clieville  dn 
Pied.  The  two  projections  formed  by  the  bones 
of  the  leg  at  their  inferior  part.  The  inner  be- 
longs to  the  tibia;  the  outer  to  the  fibula.  The 
ankles  afford  attachment  to  ligaments  :  and  each 
has  a  sort  of  gutter,  in  which  certain  tendons 
slide.     See  Malleus. 

MALLET,  Malle'olus,  (F.)  Maillet.  A  kind 
of  hammer,  used  with  a  gouge  for  removing  or 
cutting  bones,  in  certain  surgical  and  anatomical 
operations. 

MAL'LEUS,  Malle'olus,  Ossie'ulum  Malleoln 
assimila'tum,  (F.)  Marteatt.  The  longest  and 
outermost  of  the  four  small  bones  of  the  ear.  It 
is  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the  t3'mpanum,  and 
is  united  to  the  membrana  tympani.  It  has,  1. 
An  ovoid  head,  which  is  artieulnted  behind  with 
the  incus,  and  is  supported  by  a  narrow  part 
called  the  neck:  this  has,  anteriorly,  a  hng  apo- 
physis, which  is  engaged  in  the  glenoid  fissure, 
and  is  called  the  ^jiopAj/s/s  or  Process,  Proces'sus 
grac"ilis,  of  Rau.  It  affords  attachment  to  the 
anterior  sen  externus  mallei  muscle.  2.  A  handle, 
which  forms  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  neck,  and 
corresponds  to  the  membrane  of  the  tympanum, 
which  it  seems  to  draw  inwards.  It  is  furnished 
at  its  upper  extremity  with  a  process  —  the  pro- 
cessus hrevis,  to  which  the  internus  mallei  is  at- 
tached. This  bone  is  developed  by  a  single  point 
of  ossification. 


MALLOW,    COMMON 


565 


MAMMARY 


Malleus,  Equinia — M.  farciminosus,  see  Equi- 
nia — m.  Slender  Process  of  the,  Grele  apophyse 
du  marfeau. 

MALLOW,  COMMON,  Malva— m.  Compound 
decoction  of,  Deeoctum  malvae  compositum  —  m. 
Indian,  Abulilon  Avicennge — m.  Yellow,  Abutilon 
Avieennse. 

MALLS,  Rubeola. 
■      MAL'MEDY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Mal- 
medy  is  a  town  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  between  Spa 
and  Coblenz.     In  its  immediate  vicinity  are  seve- 
ral acidulous  chalybeate  springs. 

3IAL0  BT SGARLIEVO,  Sclierlievo. 
MALOGRANATUM,  Puniea  granatum. 
MALPIGHI,    ACINI     OF,    Corpora    Malpi- 
ghiana. 

MALPIG'HIA  MOUREL'LA,  (F.)  Ifoureil- 
lier,  Simaroiihafaux.  The  bark  of  this  shrub — 
a  native  of  Cayenne  —  is  reputed  to  be  febrifuge, 
and  useful  in  diarrhoea. 

MALPIGHIAN  BODIES,  Corpora  Malpighi- 
ana — m.  b.  Inflammation  of  the,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the — m.  b.  of  the  Spleen,  see  Spleen. 

M ALPRAX'IS,  Mala  jyraxis,  Malum  reg"imen. 
Bad  management  or  treatment. 

MALT,  Sax.  mealr,  Dutch,  mout,  Teut. 
malt;  from  //aXarTu,  'I  soften;'  [?]  Syne,  Mal- 
tum,  Hor'dei  maltum,  Bra'sium,  (F.)  BrecJie.  Bar- 
ley made  to  germinate,  for  the  purpose  of  forming 
beer.  It  has  been  recommended  in  medicine,  as 
antiscorbutic,  antiscrofulous,  &c. 

Malt  Spirit.  A  spirit  distilled  from  malt.  It 
is  the  basis  of  most  of  the  spirituous  cordials. 

MALTA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of 
Malta  is  pretty  equable,  the  range  of  tempera- 
ture in  the  twenty-four  hours  being  rarely  more 
than  6°.  The  air  is  almost  always  dry  and  clear. 
The  most  disagreeable  wind  is  the  sirocco,  which 
is  the  source  of  more  or  less  suffering  to  the  pul- 
monary invalid.  The  winter  climate  is  favour- 
able. Dr.  Liddcll  thinks  that  no  place  which  he 
has  seen  in  the  south  of  Europe  can  compete  with 
Malta,  for  a  mild,  dry,  bracing  air  in  November, 
December,  and  part  of  January;  and  during  the 
other  winter  and  spring  months,  he  thinks  it  is 
equal  to  any  of  them. 

MALTHA,  Malthe,  from   ^aXarru,  'I  soften.' 
Wax,  particularly  soft  wax. 
MALTHACTICA,  Emollients. 
MALTHAXIS,  MoUities. 

MALUM,  Disease,  Melum  —  m.  Articulorum, 
Gout — m.  Caducum,  Epilepsy — m.  Caducum,  pul- 
monura,  Asthma — m.  Canum,  see  Pyrus  cydonia 
— m.  Coense,  Averrhoacarambola — m.  Cotoncum, 
see  Pyrus  cydonia  —  m.  Hypochnndriacum,  Hy- 
pochondriasis— m.  Hystericum,  Hysteria — m.  In- 
sanum,  see  Solanum  Melongena— m.  Ischiadicum, 
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea — -m.  Lazari,  Elephan- 
tiasis— m.  Lyeopersicuni,  Solanum  lycopersieum. 
Malum  Mon'Tuujr.  A  species  of  lepra,  in 
which  the  affected  portions  of  skin  seem  to  be 
struck  with  death. 

Malum  Pilare,  Trichosis — m.  Pottii,  Vertebral 
disease — m.  Primarium,  Idiopathia — m.  Regimen, 
Malpraxis — m.  Spinosum,  Datura  stramonium — 
m.  Terrestre,  Atropa  Mandragora — m.  Venereum, 
Syphilis. 

MALUS,  Pyrus  mains — m.  Aurantia  major. 
Citrus  aurantium— m.  Communis,  Pyrus  mains — 
m.  Dasyphylla,  Pyrus  mains. 

Malus  In'dica,  Bilumhi  bift'ng-liiig  of  Bou- 
tins. Oi-d.  Rosaaese.  The  juice  of  this  East  In- 
dia tree  is  cooling,  and  is  drunk  as  a  cure  for 
fevers.  The  leaves,  boiled  and  made  into  a  cata- 
plasm with  rice,  are  famed  in  all  sorts  of  tumours. 
The  juice,  mixed  with  arrack,  is  drunk  for  the 
cure  of  diarrhcea.  The  ripe  fruit  is  eaten  as  a 
delicacy  ;  and  the  unripe  is  made  into  a  pickle 
for  the  use  of  the  table. 


Malus  Limonia  Acida,  see  Citrus  medica — m. 
Medica,  see  Citrus  medica — m.  Sylvestris,  Pyrus 
malus. 

MALVA,  Maha  sylves'tria  seu  vxdgn'ris,  Corn- 
mow  ilaltow,  (F.)  Mauve  sauvage.  Ord.  Mal- 
vaceae. The  leaves  and  flowers  are  chiefly  used 
in  fomentations,  cataplasms,  and  emollient  ene- 
mata.     Its  properties  are  demulcent. 

Malva  rotundifo'lia,  Mal'ache,  Mal'ocTie,  has 
like  virtues;  as  well  as  the  other  varieties. 
MALVAVISCUM,  Althaea. 
MAL\.^.RN,  WATERS  OP.  The  village  of 
Great  Malvern,  (pronounced  Maw'vem,)  in  Wor- 
cestershire, England,  has  for  many  years  been 
celebrated  for  a  spring  of  remarkable  purity, 
which  has  acquired  the  name  of  the  Holy  well. 
It  is  a  carbonated  water;  containing  carbonates 
of  soda  and  iron,  sulphate  of  soda,  and  chloride 
of  sodium  ;  and  is  chiefly  used  externally,  in  cu- 
taneous affections. 

MAMA-PIAN.  (F.)  Maman-plan.  An  ulcer 
of  a  bad  aspect,  which  is  the  commencement  of 
the  plan;  and  which,  after  having  destroyed  the 
flesh,  extends  to  the  bones.  It  is  also  called  the 
Ifother  of  Plans  ; — La  mere  des  jjlans. 

MAMEI,  Mamoe,  ifomin  or  Toddy  tree.    From 
incisions  made  in  the  branches  of  this  West  In- 
dian tree,  a  copius  discharge  of  pellucid  liquor 
occurs,  which  is  called  momin  or  Toddy  wine.     It 
is  very  diuretic,  and  is  esteemed  to  be  a  good  an- 
tilithic  and  lithontriptic. 
MAMELLE,  Mamma. 
MAMELON,  Nipple. 
MA3IEL0NNE,  Mammillated. 
3IAMEL0NS    DU  REIN,    Papilla    of  the 
kidney. 

MA  MILL  A,  Mammula,  see  Mamma. 
MAMMA,  from  mamma,  one  of  the  earliest 
cries  of  the  infant,  ascribed  to  a  desire  for  food. 
Masthos,  Mastui,  Mazos,  Thele,  Titthos,  Titty, 
Rama,  Uher,  ovSap,  Nutrix,  Gemip'oma.  The 
female  breast,  Pap,  Pappe,  {Mammil'la,  Mamilla 
being  the  male  breast;)  (F.)  Mumelle.  A  glan- 
dular organ,  proper  to  a  class  of  animals  —  the 
mammalia  —  and  intended  for  the  secretion  or 
milk.  The  mamrais  exist  in  both  sexes,  but  they 
acquire  a  much  greater  size  in  the  female;  especi- 
ally during  pregnancy  and  lactation.  In  women, 
before  the  age  of  puberty,  the  breasts  are  but 
little  developed.  At  this  period,  however,  to- 
wards the  central  part  of  each  breast,  the  skin 
suddenly  changes  colour,  and  assumes  a  rosy 
tint.  It  is  of  a  reddish  brown  in  women  who 
have  suckled  several  children.  This  circle  has  a 
rugous  appearance,  owing  to  the  presence  of 
sebaceous  glands,  and  is  called  Are'ola  or  A^ire'- 
ola.  These  glands —  Tubercles  of  the  Areola,  of 
Sir  Astley  Cooper — furnish  an  unctuous  fluid  for 
defending  the  nipple  from  the  action  of  the  salivfa 
of  the  sucking  infant.  In  the  midst  of  the  aure- 
ola is  the  nipple,  a  conoidal  eminence,  of  a  rosy 
tint,  susceptible  of  erection,  and  at  the  surface 
of  which  the  galactophorous  ducts  open.  Besides 
the  skin  covering  them,  the  breasts  are,  also, 
composed  of  a  layer  of  fatty  areolar  tissue,  more 
or  less  thick  ;  of  a  large  gland  ;  excretory  ducts  ; 
vessels,  nerves,  &e.    See  Mammary. 

In  the  animal,  the  mamma  is  called  the  Udder, 
ov^ap,   Uher,  the  Bag. 

The  breasts,  plus  the  space  between,  are  called 
the  bosom,  sinus,  eolpos  (KoXnos).  At  times,  these 
terms  are  restricted  to  the  space  between  tha 
breasts.     (F.)  Seln. 

Mamma  also  means  a  nurse. 
3IAM3rATRE,  Mammary. 

MAMI\LAL,  plural  Ifamma'lia,  Mam'mifer, 
mammif'erous  animal;  from  mamma,  'a  breast.' 
An  animal  that  suckles  its  young. 

MAM'MARY,    Mamma'rius,   (F.)    Sfammaire, 


MAMMARY  ABSCESS 


566 


MANDRAGORITES 


ii   tn    mamma,    'the   breast.'      Eelating   to    the  | 
btiasts.  I 

Mammary  Abscess,  Mastodynia  apostematosa.  | 

Mammart  Arteries  are  three  in  number.  | 
They  are  distinguished  into  —  1.  The  Internal] 
IJammary,  Arte'ria  sterna'Us,  A.  Sous-sternal 
(Ch.),  Internal  thorac"ic.  It  arises  from  the  sub- 
clavian, and  descends  obliquely  inwards,  from  its 
origin  to  the  cartilage  of  the  third  rib.  Below 
the  diaphragm  it  divides  into  two  branches  ,•  the 
one  external,  the  other  internal.  From  its  origin 
until  its  bifurcation,  it  gives  branches  to  the 
muscles  and  glands  of  the  neck,  to  the  thymus, 
mediastinum,  pericardium,  and  oesophagus.  In 
each  intercostal  space  it  gives  off  internal  and 
external  muscido-cutaneous  branches,  and  also, 
on  each  side,  the  siqyerior  diaphragmatic.  Its 
two  ultimate  branches  are  distributed  on  the 
parietes  of  the  abdomen,  and  anastomose  with 
the  external  mammary,  intercostal,  lumbar,  cir- 
cumflexailii,  and  epigastric  arteries.  2.  The  Ex- 
ternal Mammary  Arteries  are  two  in  number,  and 
are  distinguished  into  superior  and  inferior.  The 
superior  external  mammary,  First  of  tJie  thoracies 
(Ch.),  Superior  external  thoracic,  Superior  tho- 
racic, is  furnished  by  the  axillary  artery.  It 
descends  obliquely  forwards  between  the  pector- 
alis  major  and  pectoralis  minor,  to  which  it  is 
distributed  by  a  considerable  number  of  branches. 
The  inferior  external  mammary,  the  second  of  the 
thoracies  (Ch.),  Long  or  inferior  thoracic,  arises 
from  the  axillary  artery,  a  little  below  the  pre- 
ceding. It  descends  vertically  over  the  lateral 
part  of  the  thorax;  curves,  afterwards,  inwards; 
becomes  subcutaneous  and  divides  into  a  number 
of  branches,  which  surround  the  breast.  It  gives 
branches  to  the  pectoralis  major,  serratus  major 
anticus,  the  intercostal  muscles,  the  glands  of 
the  axilla,  and  the  integuments  of  the  breast. 

Mammary  Gland,  Glan'dula  lactif'era,  is  the 
secretory  ergan  of  the  milk.  It  is  situate  in 
the  substance  of  the  breast,  to  which  it  gives 
shape.  The  tissue  of  this  gland  results  from 
the  assemblage  of  lobes  of  different  size,  united 
intimately  by  a  dense  areolar  tissue.  Each  of 
these  is  composed  of  several  lobules,  formed  of 
round  granulations,  of  a  rosy  white  colour,  and 
of  the  size  of  a  poppy  seed.  The  glandular 
grains  give  rise  to  the  radicles  of  the  excretory 
canals  of  the  mamma,  which  are  called  galac- 
tophorous  or  lactiferous.  These  excretory  ves- 
sels unite  in  ramusculi,  rami,  and  in  trunks  of 
greater  or  less  size  ;  collect  towards  the  centre  of 
the  gland;  are  tortuous,  very  extensible,  and 
semi-transparent.  All  terminate  in  sinuses, 
situate  near  the  base  of  the  nipple,  which  are 
commonly  from  15  to  18  in  number.  These 
sinuses  are  very  short,  conical,  and  united  by  are- 
olar tissue.  Prom  their  summits,  a  fasciculus  of 
new  ducts  sets  out,  which  occupy  the  centre  of 
the  nipple  and  open  separately  at  its  surface. 
The  arteries  of  the  mammary  gland  come  from 
the  thoracic,  axillary,  intercostal,  and  internal 
mammary.  The  veins  accompany  the  arteries  ; 
the  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  intercostals,  and 
brachial  plexus ;  the  lymphatic  vessels  are  very 
numerous,  and  form  two  layers.  They  commu- 
nicate with  those  of  the  thorax,  and  pass  into  the 
axillary  ganglions. 

Mam'mary  Sarco'ma,  Mastoid  sarcoma  of 
Abernethy,  Emphy'ma  sarcoma  mamma'rum..  A 
tumour,  of  the  colour  and  texture  of  the  mam- 
mary gland  :  dense  and  whitish  ;  sometimes  softer 
and  brownish  :  often  producing,  on  extirpation,  a 
malignant  ulcer  with  indurated  edges.  Found  in 
various  parts  of  the  body  and  limbs. 

Mammary  Veins  follow  the  same  course  as  the 
arteries,  and  have  received  the  same  denomina- 
tions.    The  internal  mammary  vein,  of  the  right 


side,  opens  into  the  superior  cava;  that  of  the 
left,  into,  the  corresponding  subclavian  vein. 
The  external  mammary  veins  open  into  the  axil- 
lary vein. 

MAMME'A  AMERICA'NA,  (F.)  Abricot  sau- 
vage.  Ord.  Guttifcrag.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  tree  on  which  the  mammee  or  mamei  fruit 
grows.  This  fruit  has  a  delightful  flavour  when 
ripe;  and  is  much  cultivated  in  Jamaica,  where 
it  is  generally  sold  in  the  markets  as  one  of  the 
best  fruits  of  the  island. 

MAMMEA'TA,  Mammo'sa,  from  mamma,  'the 
breast.'     One  who  has  large  breasts. 

MAMMELLA,  Nipple. 

MAMMIFER,  Mammal. 

MAMMIFEROUS  ANIMAL,  Mammal. 

MAMMIFORM,  Mastoid. 

MAMMILLA,  Mamma  (male),  Nipple. 

MAMMILLA  MEDULLARES,  see  Mammil- 
lary. 

MAMMILLARIS,  Mastoid. 

MAM'MILLARY,  Mammilla'ris,  from  Mam- 
miU<i,  'a  small  breast,  a  nipple.'     See  Mastoid. 

Mamjiillary  Em'inence  is  a  name  given,  1. 
To  more  or  less  marked'prominences  on  the  inner 
surface  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  which  cor- 
respond to  the  anfractuosities  of  the  cranium. 
2.  To  white,  round,  medullary  tubercles,  of  the 
size  of  a  pea,  situate  at  the  base  of  the  brain,  be- 
hind the  gray  substance  from  which  the  Tige 
pituitaire,  of  the  French  anatomists,  arises. 
These  2Iammillary  Tu'hercles,  Cor'pora  albican'- 
tia  seu  Candican'tia  seu  Jfammilla'ria  seu  Pisi- 
for'mia,  Bulbi  for'nicis,  MammillcB  seu  Gloh'uli 
medulla'res.  Prominentias  albican'tes,  Proces'sus 
mammilla'res  cer'ehri,  Protensio'nes  glandula'res, 
Eminen'tifB  candican'tes,  Prio'rum  crurum  for'- 
nicis hulbi,  Willis's  Glands,  (F.)  Bulbes  de  la 
vo4ite  &  trois  piliers.  Tubercles  pisiformes  (Ch.), 
arc  united  to  each  other  by  a  small  grayish  band, 
which  corresponds  with  the  third  ventricle.  They 
receive  the  anterior  prolongations  of  the  fornix. 

Some  ancient  anatomists,  taking  the  nervous 
trunks,  to  which  Willis  first  gave  the  name  of 
olfactory  nerves,  for  simple  appendages  of  the 
brain,  called  them,  an  account  of  their  shape, 
Qarun'culcB  mammilla'res.  Vesalius,  Fallopius, 
Columbus,  and  several  others,  termed  them  Pro- 
ces'sus mammilla'res  cer'ebri  ad  nares.  They 
have  also  been  called  Trigo'na  olfacto'ria. 

MAM'MILLATED,  (P.)  3Iameloi)ng,  from 
mamma,  '  the  female  breast.'  That  which  has 
mammiform  projections  on  its  surface. 

Mammillated  Liver.  Cirrhosis. 

MA3nilTE,  Mastitis. 

MAMMITIS,  Mastitis. 

MAMMOSA,  Mammenta. 

MAM'MULA ;  diminutive  of  Mamma,  3Ia- 
mil'la.     A  small  breast. 

MAMOE,  Mamei. 

MAN,  Aner,  Anthropos,  Homo. 

MANAKIN.  Fantom. 

MAN-IN-THE-GROUND,Convolvuluspandur- 
atus  — m.  of  the  Earth,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

3IAXCENILLIER,  Hippomane  mancinella. 

3IANCHE  B' HIP  POOR  ATE,  Chausse. 

MANCHTNEEL,  Hippomane  mancinella. 

MANCURANA,  Origanum. 

MANDIBULA.  Maxillary  bone. 

MANDIBULARIS  MUSCULUS,  Masseter. 

MANDIOC,  Jatropha  manihot. 

MANDO.  Glutton. 

M  A  N  D  R  A  G  0  R  A,  Atropa  mandragora — m. 
Aeaulis,  Atropa  mandragora  —  m.  Ofiicinalis, 
A..tropa  mandragora  —  m.  Vernalis,  Atropa  man- 
dragora. 

MANDRAGORI'TES,  from  itav^r^ayopa;,  the 
At'ropa  mandrag'ora  or  mandrake.  Wine/  in 
which  the  roots  of  mandrake  have  been  infused. 


MANDRAKE 


567 


MAlSilODES 


MANDRAKE,  Atropa  mandragora,  Podophyl- 
lum peltatum,  P.  montanum. 

MANDRINA  VIEGULE,  see  Brise-coque. 
MANDUCATIO,    Mastication  —  in.    Difficilis, 
Brady  inasesis. 

M  A  N  '  D  U  C  A T  0  R  Y,  Mandncoto'rius  ;  from 
Mandacatio,  '  mastication.'  Appertaining  or  re- 
lating to  mastication  ; — as, 

Manducatory  Nerve,  see  Trigemini. 
MANEUVRE,  Manoeuvre. 

MAN'GANESE,  Mangaue'siiim,  Ilanga'nuim. 
A  metal,  which  is  pretty  abundant  in  nature  in  an 
oxidized  state.  It  is  of  a  grayish-white  colour, 
resembling  some  varieties  of  cast  iron,  is  hard 
and  brittle,  and  destitute  of  magnetic  properties. 
Specific  gravity  about  8. 

Manganese,  Black  Oxide  of,  Mangane'sii 
ox'idum  seu  Binox'idum,  Tetrox'ide  of  manga- 
nese,  Magne' sia  nigra,  llangane'aium  viirario' rum 
seu  oxyda'tum  nati'vnm  seu  nigrum  seu  ochra'- 
ceum  nigrum  seu  oxyda'tum  nati'vum,  Blan'ganum 
oxyda'tum  nativum,  Molybda'num  magne'sii, 
Oxo'des  man'gani  nati'va,  Perox'ydum  mangane'- 
sii nigrum  nativum,  Superox'ydum  mangan'icum, 
(F.)  Oxyde  noir  de  manganese.  This  oxide  is  not 
much  used  in  medicine.  It  has  been  advised  to 
dust  the  affected  parts,  in  tinea  capitis,  with  the 
powder.  It  is  officinal  in  the  Edinburgh  phar- 
macopoeia, and  is  used  in  preparing  chlorine,  solu- 
tion of  chlorine,  and  solution  of  chlorinated  soda. 
Manganese,  Salts  op,  see  Manganese,  sul- 
phate of.  ^ 

MANGANESE  OXYDE  NOIR  BE,  Man- 
ganese, black  oxide  of. 

Man'ganese,  Sulphate  of,  3Tangane' sii  Sul- 
phas seu  Protox'idi  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Pro- 
tox'tde  of  Man'ganese.  A  rose-coluured  and  very 
soluble  salt,  isomorphous  with  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia. It  is  prepared  on  a  large  scale  for  the  use 
of  the  dyer,  by  heating,  in  a  close  vessel,  peroxide 
of  manganese  and  coal,  and  dissolving  the  im- 
pure protoxide,  thus  obtained,  in  sulphuric  acid, 
with  the  addition  of  a  little  cholohydric  acid 
towards  the  end  of  the  process.  The  solution  is 
evaporated  to  dryness,  and  again  exposed  to  a  red 
heat,  by  which  the  persulphate  of  iron  is  decom- 
posed. Water  then  dissolves  the  pure  sulphate 
of  manganese,  leaving  the  oxide  of  iron  behind. 
This  salt  has  been  recommended  as  a  chola- 
gogue,  in  doses  of  a  drachm  or  two. 

The  salts  of  manganese  have  been  recommended 
in  chlorosis  and  amenorrhoea,  and  as  substitutes 
for  chalybeates  generally.  The  subcarbonate  and 
the  oxide  have  been  chiefly  employed. 

Manganese,  Tetroxide  of,  M.  Black  oxide  of. 
MANGANESII  BINOXIDUM,  Manganese, 
black  oxide  of — m.  Oxidum,  Manganese,  black 
oxide  of — m.  Peroxydum  nigrum  nativum,  Man- 
ganese, black  oxide  of — m.  Protoxidi  sulphas. 
Manganese,  sulphate  of — m.  Sulphas,  Manganese, 
sulphate  of. 

MANGANESIUM,  Manganese. 
Manganesium   OcHRACEOAf   NiGRUM,  Manga- 
nese, black  oxide  of — m.  Oxydatum  nativum  seu 
nigrum.  Manganese,  black  oxide  of — m.  Vitra- 
riorura,  Manganese,  black  oxide  of. 

MANGANI  OXODES  NATIVA,  Manganese, 
black  oxide  of. 

MANGANICUM  SUPEROXIDUM,  Manga- 
nese, black  oxide  of. 

MANGANIUM,  Manganese. 
MANGANUM    OXYDATUM    NATIVUM, 
Manganese,  black  oxide  of. 
MANGE.  Scabies  ferina. 

MANGIF'ERA  IN'DICA,  J/.  domes'tica,hom 
mango,  the  fruit,  and/ero,  'I  bear.'  The  Mango 
tree,  (F.)  Manguier.  Ord.  Terebinthaceae.  A 
tree  cultivated  over  Asia,  and  in  South  America. 
Mangos,  when  ripe,  are  juicy,  of  a  good  flavour. 


and  so  fragrant  as  to  perfume  the  air  to  a  con- 
siderable distance.    They  are  eaten,  either  raw  or 
preserved  with  sugar.     From  the  expressed  juica 
a  wine  is  prepared;  and  the  remainder  of  the  ker- 
nel can  be  reduced  to  an  excellent  flour  for  bread. 
MANGO  TREE,  Mangifera  Indica. 
MANGONISATIO,  Falsification. 
MANGONIUM,  Falsification. 
MANGOSTAN,  Garcinia  mangostana 
MANGOSTANA,    Garcinia   mangostana  —  m. 
Gambogia,  Garcinia  eambogia — m.  Garcinia,  Gar- 
cinia mangostana. 

MANGOUSTAN,  Garcinia  mangostana. 
MANGOSTEEN,  Garcinia  mangostana. 
MANGUIER,  Mangifera  Indica. 
MANHOOD,  Adult  age. 
MANI,  Arachis  hypogsea. 

MA'NIA,  Furor,  Hemianthro' pia.  Furor  seu 
Ecphro'nia  seu  Delir'ium  mania,  Insa'uia,  JJe- 
lir'ium  mani'acum  seu  furio'sum,  Mania  nniver- 
sa'lis,  Vesa'nia  mania,  (F.)  Manie,  Hyperphrenie, 
Raving  or  furious  madness,  (Sc.)  Wodnes  /  from 
Haivofiai,  '  I  am  furious.'  With  some,  it  means  in- 
sanity. Disorder  of  the  intellect,  in  which  there 
is  erroneous  judgment  or  hallucination,  which 
impels  to  acts  of  fury.  If  the  raving  be  not  di- 
rected to  a  single  object,  it  is  mania  properly  so 
called;  if  to  one  object,  it  constitutes  monomania, 
which  term  is,  however,  usually  given  to  melan- 
choly. Mania  attacks  adults  chiefly ;  and  wo- 
men more  frequentlj'  than  men.  The  prognosis 
is  unfavourable.  About  one-third  never  recover ; 
and  they  who  do  are  apt  to  relapse.  Separation 
is  one  of  the  most  effective  means  of  treatment, 
with  attention  to  the  corporeal  condition  and 
every  thing  that  can  add  to  the  mental  comfort 
of  the  patient,  and  turn  his  thoughts  away  from 
the  subjects  of  his  delusion.  In  the  violence  of 
the  paroxysms,  recourse  must  be  had  to  the  strait 
waistcoat,  the  shower  bath,  <tc.  Separation 
should  be  continued  for  some  weeks  during  con- 
valescence, with  the  view  of  preventing  a  relapse. 
Mania,  Dancing.  Dancing  plague.  A  form 
of  convulsion,  which  has  appeared,  at  various 
times,  epidemically  under  the  form  of  St.  Vitus's 
dance,  St.  John's  dance,  Tarantism,  Hysteria, 
Tigretier  (in  Abyssinia),  and  diseased  sympathy; 
and  which  has  been  fully  described  by  Hecker  in 
his  '  Epidemics  of  the  Middle  Ages.'  See  C'on- 
vulsionnaire. 

Mania  Epileptica,  see  Epilepsy — m.  Erotica, 
Erotomania — m.  Lactea,  M.  puerperal  —  rn.  Me- 
lancholica.  Melancholy — m.  a  Pathemate,  Empa- 
thema — m.  a  Potu,  Delirium  tremens. 

Mania,  Puer'peeal,  M.  puerpera'rum  acii'ta 
seu  puerpe.ra'lis  seu  lac'tea,  Insu'nia  -puerpera'- 
rum, Encephalopathi'a  puerpera'lis,  Piier'peral 
Insanity.  Mania  which  supervenes  in  the  child- 
bed state. 

Mania  Puerperarum  Acuta,  M.  puerperal  — 
m.  sine  Delirio,  Pathomania — m.  a  Temulentia, 
Delirium  tremens — m.  Pellagria,  Pellagra. 
MANIACAL,  Maniodes. 
MANIACUS,  Maniodes. 
MANICA  HIPPOCRATIS,  Chausse. 
MANICOCOMIUM,  Morotropbium. 
MANIE,  Mania — m.  sans  DHire,  Empathema. 
MANIGUETTA,  Amonunn  grana  paradisi. 
MANIHOT  UTILISSIMA,  Jatropha  manihot. 
MANIIBAR,  Jatropha  manihot. 
MANIKIN,  Fantom. 

MANILU'VIUM,  Manulu'vium,  from  vianus, 
'the  hand.'  and  lavo,  'I  wash.'  A  bath  for  the 
hands.  It  may  be  rendered  stimulating,  by 
means  of  muriatic  acid,  mustard,  &o. 
MANIOC,  Jatropha  manihot. 
MANIO'DES,  3Iani'acus,  Mani'aeal.  One  la- 
bouring under  mania;  Hemianthro' pus,  Furio'sua, 
Furibun'dus,  Lyssas,  Lysse'ter. 


MANIPULATION 


508 


MARIGOLD 


'  a   hand.' 


MINIPULA'TION,    from    manns, 
Mode  of  Tvorkins:,  as  in  pharmacy. 

MANIP'ULUS,  (F.)  Foignee.  The  quantity 
of  a  substance  capable  of  filling  the  hand.  A 
handful.     See  Fasciculus. 

MAX-MIDWIFE,  Accouchenr. 

MAXXA.  see  Fraxinus  ornus — m.  Brianjon, 
see  Pinus  lari.K. 

Masxa  Bkigantina,  see  Pinus  laris — m.  Cala- 
brina,  see  Fraxinus  ornus  —  m.  Croup,  Semolina 
—  m.  Laricea,  see  Pinus  laris  —  m.  Metallorum, 
Hvdrarsrvri  submurias. 

'MAXXEQUIN,  Fantom. 

MAXXIKIX,  Fantom. 

MAXXIX,  see  Fraxinus  ornus. 

MAXXITE.  see  Fraxinus  ornus. 

MAXCEUVRE  (F .),  pronounced  and  anglicized 
3fanen'vre  :  from  main,  'the  hand/  and  cenvre, 
'  work.'  A  dexterous  movement.  Applied  in 
France  to  the  practice  of  surgical  or  obstetrical 
operations  on  the  dead  body  or  phantom ;  Ope- 
ra'tio  chirnr'qica  seu  ohstet'rica. 

MAXSAXA  ARBOREA,  see  Jujube. 

MAXSFORD'S  PLATES,  see  Galvanism. 

MAXSORIUS.  Buccinator. 

MAXSTUPRATIO,  Masturbation. 

MAXTELE,  Bandage  (body). 

jMAXTI'A,  Jfan'ti'ea,  Jfan'fice,  in  English, 
7)!ancy  ;  a  common  suffix,  from  the  Greek,  deno- 
ting '  &\\\n2il\ou;'  Divina'tio,  Pradivinatio,  Pra- 
aa'qinm. 

MAXTILE,  Bandage  (body). 

MAXTLE.  Panniculus  carnosus. 

MAXC'BRIUM,  from  manus,  'a  hand.'  The 
handle  of  any  thing:  —  as  mfnin'hrivm  mal'lei, 
petiohi.f  mal'lei.  '  the  handle  of  the  malleus.' 

MAXUBRiuif,  Chasse — m.  Mantis,  Radius. 

Maxubrtum  Sterxi.  The  uppermost  broad 
part  of  the  sternum. 

MAXULUVIUM,  Bath,  hand,  Maniluvium. 

MAXUS,  naui,  'I  feel,'  fxaonai,  'I  take,'  Cheir, 
Chir,  Instrwnen' turn  Insfnimento'rnm,  Hand,  Paw, 
(F.)  Main.  The  part  which  terminates  the  upper 
extremity  in  man,  and  which  is  inservient  to  pre- 
hension and  touch.  It  extends  from  the  fold  of 
the  wrist  to  the  extremity  of  the  fingers.  The 
hand  is  sustained  by  a  bony  skeleton,  composed 
of  a  number  of  pieces,  movable  on  each  other; 
of  muscles,  tendons,  cartilages,  ligaments,  ves- 
sels, nerves,  &c.  It  is  divided  into  three  parts — 
the  carpus  or  wrist,  the  metncarptus,  and  fingers. 
Its  concave  surface  is  called  the  palm  ;  the  con- 
vex surface  the  hack  of  the  hand.  The  facility 
of  being  able  to  oppose  the  thumb  to  the  fingers 
in  order  to  seize  objects  forms  one  of  the  dis- 
tinctive characters  nf  the  human  hand. 

Manus  Christt  Perla'ta.  A  name  anciently 
given  to  troches,  prepared  of  pearls  and  sugar  of 
roses.  They  were  called  Jfanus  Christi  sim'ph'ces, 
when  pearls  were  not  employed. 

MAxrs  Dei.  An  ancient  plaster,  prepared  of 
?ra.r,  myrrh,  frankincense,  masfich,  gum  ammo- 
niac, galhannm,  oil,  &o.     See  Opium. 

Manus  Hepatis,  see  Liver  —  m.  .Jecoris,  see 
Liver — m.  Parva  majori  adjutrix,  see  Digitus. 

MAXUSTrPRATIO.  Masturbation. 
.      MAXUSTUPRATOR,  Masturbator. 

MAXYPLIES,  Omasum. 

MAPLE,  Acer  saccharinum — m.  Ground,  Heu- 
chera  eortusa — m.  Red,  Acer  rubrum — m.  Striped, 
Acer  Pennsvlvanicum. 

MAEAL'^,  Marsh. 

MARAXSrS,  Atrophy. 

MARAXTA,  Arrow-root  —  m.  Arundinacea, 
Arrow-root. 

Maeax'tA  Ga  .-  An'gA,  Alpi'nin  gnlan'ga,  Amo'- 
rr.nm  galangn.  GuJanga.  Ord.  Zingiberacese. 
The  smaller  gnh.i,' ,jnl .  Two  kinds  of  galangal 
are  mentioned  in  the  pharmacopoeias  ;  the  greater, 


obtained  from  Kampferia  galanga,  and  the 
smaller,  from  the  root  of  Maranta  galanga.  The 
dried  root  is  brought  from  China,  in  pieces  from 
one  to  two  inches  in  length,  but  scarcely  half  as 
thick;  branched;  full  of  knots  and  joints,  with 
several  circular  rings,  of  a  reddish  brown  colour, 
on  the  outside,  and  brownish  within.  It  was 
formerly  much  used  as  a  warm  stomachic  bitter, 
and  generally  ordered  in  bitter  infusions. 

MARASCHINO,  see  Spirit. 

MARASMOP'YRA,  Febris  marasmo'des,  from 
fiapac/ios,  '  marasmus,'  and  -nvp,  '  fever.'  Fever 
of  emaciation  in  general.     Hectic  fever. 

MARASMUS,  Atrophy  —  m.  Lactantium,  Pse- 
datrophia — m.  Phthisis,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

Marasmus  Seni'lis,  Tabes  semtm,  Geronta- 
troph'ia.     Progressive  atrophy  of  the  aged. 

Marasmus  Tabes,  Tabes — m.  Tabes  dorsalis, 
Tabes  dorsalis. 

MARATHRI'TES,  from  piapa^pov,  'fennel.' 
Wine  impregnated  with  fennel. 

MARATHROPHTLLUM,  Peucedanum. 

MAR  ATHRUM,  Anethum— m.  Sylvestre,  Peu- 
cedanum. 

MARAUGTA,  Metamorphopsia. 

MARBLE,  Marmor. 

MARBPtE,  Marmor. 

JfAPC,  Magma. 

MARCASITA,  Bismuth  — m.  Alba,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of — m.  Plumbea,  Antimonium. 

MARCASITA  MAGISTERIUM,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of. 

MARCHAX'TIA  POLTMOR'PHA,  Jf.  stel- 
la'ta  seu  nmhella'ta,  Hepat'ica  fonta'na.  Lichen 
Stella' tus,  Jecora'ria,  Li v' erivort,  (F.)  Uepatiqne 
des  fontaines.  Ord.  Hepatic£e.  This  plant  is 
mildly  pungent  and  hitter.  It  is  recommended 
as  aperient,  resolvent,  and  antiscorbutic;  and  is 
used  in  diseased  liver,  &c. 

MARCffE  (LA),  Walking. 

MARCHIO'XIS  PULVIS,  Potcderofthe  3Iar. 
qnis.  A  powder,  formerly  considered  to  be  anti- 
epileptic;  and  composed  of  Male  peony  root,  3Iis'- 
tletoe.  Ivory  shavings,  Horn  of  the  hoof  of  the  stag, 
Spodiiim,  Tooth  of  the  monodon,  coral,  &c. 

MARCORES,  Atrophy,  Emaciation. 

MARCORY,  Stillingia. 

MARECAGEUX,  Elodes. 

MAREMMATIQUE,  see  Elodes. 

MAREO,  Puna. 

MARE'S  FAT,  Inula  dysenteriea  — m.  Tail, 
Hippuris  vulgaris. 

MARGA  CAX'DIDA,  Lac  hma.  An  ancient 
name  for  a  variety  of  spongy,  white,  friable  marl, 
which  was  employed  as  an  astringent  and  refri- 
gerant. 

MARGARETIZZA,  Scherlievo. 

MARGARITA,  Pearl. 

MARGARITA'CEOUS,  3Targarita'cens,  Na'- 
creous,  (F.)  Xacre ;  from  margarita,  'pearl,  mo- 
ther of  pearl.'  Resembling,  or  of  the  nature  of, 
mother  of  pearl, — as  Leuco'ma  Margarita' ceum ; 
Pearl-like  leueoma. 

MARGAROX,  PearL 

MARGELIS.  Pearl. 

MARGELLIUM,  Pearl. 

MA  R  G  TXT-  SUS-SCAP  UL  0- TE  0 CHITE- 
RIEX,  Teres  minor. 

MARGO,  Bord — m.  Dentatus,  see  Retina — m 
Orbitalis,  see  Orbit. 

MARGUERITE  PETITE,  Bellis— m.  de» 
Pres.  qrande.  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

MARIEXBAD,  MIXERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Celebrated  springs  in  Bohemia.  The  Kreuzbrunn 
contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  iron,  and 
carbonic  acid. 

MARIGOLD,  DIAMOND  FIG,  Mesembryan- 
themum  crystallinum  —  m.  Garden,  Calendula 
officinalis — m.  Marsh,  Caltha  palustris — m.  Sin- 


MARIOTTE,  EXPERIMENT  OF,        56  9 


MARSYPION 


gle,   Calendula  officinalis  —  m.  Wild,  Calendula 
arvensis. 

MARIOTTE',  EXPERIMENT  OF,  (F.)  Ex- 
perience de  jlfnriotte.  A  celebrated  experiment 
of  the  Abbe  Mariotte,  -which  consists  in  placing 
two  small  round  spots  on  a  wall  at  some  distance 
from  each  other,  standing  opposite  the  left-hand 
object,  and  looking  at  it  with  the  right  eye,  the 
left  being  closed.  By  walking  backwards,  until 
the  distance  from  the  object  is  about  five  times 
as  great  as  the  distance  between  the  two  objects, 
the  latter  will  be  found  to  disappear.  Mariotte 
and,  after  him,  many  ophthalmologists,  inferred 
that  the  optic  nerve,  on  which  the  ray  doubtless 
falls  in  this  experiment,  is  insensible;  and  hence 
that  the  choroid  may  be  the  seat  of  vision, — not 
the  retina.  The  inference  is  illogical;  for  it 
doubtless  falls  on  the  part  of  the  optic  nerve 
where  the  central  artery  enters,  and  the  central 
vein  leaves  the  eyeball,  and  where  there  is  neces- 
sarily no  neurine. 

MARIS,  najjti.  Ancient  name  of  a  measure, 
containing  83  pints  and  4  ounces. 

MARISCA,  Ficus,  Hsemorrhois. 

3rARJ0LAINE,  Origanum  majorana. 

MARJORAM,  COMMON,  Origanum— m.  Wild. 
Origanum — m.  Sweet,  Origanum  majorana. 

MAR  JORANA,  Origanum  majorana — m.  Man- 
curana,  Origanum. 

MARMALADE,  Marmelade. 

MARMARYGE,  see  Metamorphopsia. 

MARMARYGO'DES,  ^ap^Lapvyoi&r,?,  'brilliant.' 
An  epithet,  joined  particularly  to  the  word  o<p&a\- 
uo;,  to  indicate  a  brilliant  eye,  a  flashing  eye. 
An  eye  which  transmits  the  image  of  imaginary 
objects.     See  Metamorphopsia. 

MAR'MELADE,  3Iarmela'da,  ifnrmela'ta, 
Marmalade,  Miva.  Parts  of  vegetables,  con- 
fected  with  sugar,  and  reduced  to  a  pultaceous 
consistence. 

Marjielade  of  Apricots.  A  marmelade, 
prepared  with  two  parts  of  ripe  apricots  deprived 
of  their  stones,  and  one  part  of  white  sugar. 

Marmelade  op  Fernel,  M.  of  Tronehin. 

Marmelade  op  Tronchin,  or  of  Fernel.  A 
kind  of  thick  looch,  of  an  agreeable  taste,  pre- 
pared with  two  ounces  of  oil  of  sioeet  almonds,  as 
much  syrup  of  violet?,  manna  in  tears,  very  fresh 
pulp  of  cassia,  16  grains  of  gum  tragacanth,  and 
two  drachms  of  orange  flower  water.  It  is  used 
as  a  laxative,  demulcent,  and  pectoral. 

MARMELATA,  Marmelade. 

MARMOR,  napfiopoi,  3farble,  Calais  Car'honas 
durus,  (F.)  3farbre.  White  granular  carbonate 
of  lime.  Used  in  pharmacy  for  the  preparation 
of  a  pure  lime,  and  the  disengagement  of  carbonic 
acid. 

MARMORATA  AURIUM,  Cerumen. 

MARMOROS,  Marmor. 

MARM0P>,YGE,  see  Metamorphopsia — m.  Hip- 
pocratis,  Hemiopia. 

MAROUTE.  Anthemis  eotula. 

MARRIAGEABLE,  Nubile. 

MAR'RIOTT,  dry  VOMIT  OF.  This  once 
celebrated  emetic,  called  dry,  from  its  being  ex- 
hibited without  drink,  consisted  of  equal  portions 
of  tartarized  antimony,  and  sulphate  of  copper. 

31ARR0NIER  D'INDE,  ^sculus  Hippocas- 
tanum. 

MARROW,  My'elos,  MeduVla,  3T.  ossium, 
3[ed'ullary  Juice,  Axnn'gin  de  Mum'ia,  3fumia  de 
Medullis,  Sax.  meP5,  (F.)  Mo'dlle,  Sue  meduUaire. 
The  oily,  inflammable,  whitish  or  j'e'llowish  juice, 
which  fills  the  medullary  canal  of  the  long  bones, 
the  cancellated  structure  at  the  extremities  of 
those  bones,  the  diploe  of  flat  bones,  and  the  in- 
terior of  short  bones.  The  marrow  is  furnished 
by  the  exhalation  of  the  medullary  membrane. 
It  is  fluid  during  life,  and  appears  under  the  form 


of  small  points  or  brilliant  grains  after  death.    It 
is  enveloped  in  the  medullary  membrane. 

Marrow,  Spixal,  Medulla  spinalis  —  m.  Ver- 
tebral, Medulla  spinalis. 

MARRUBE  BLANC,  Marrubium  — m.  Noir, 
Ballota  fcetida. 

MARRU'BIUM,  31.  vulga're  seu  album  seu 
German'iciim  seu  apuhim,  Pra'sium,  Phrasum, 
Horehound,  (F.)  3[arrube  blanc.  Ord.  Labiatse. 
The  leaves  have  a  moderately  strong,  aromati(^ 
smell;  and  a  very  bitter,  penetrating,  diffusive, 
and  durable  taste.  It  has  often  been  given  in 
coughs  and  asthmas,  united  with  sugar.  Dose,  ^ss 
to  ,^j,  in  infusion;  dose  of  extract,  gr.  x  to  ^^ss. 

Ford's  Balsam  op  Horehound,  is  made  as 
follows:  —  horehound,  liquorice  root,  aa  Ibiij  and 
^^viij  ;  water,  q.  s.  to  strain  ibvj.  Infuse.  To 
the  strained  liquor  add: — proof  spirit  or  brandy, 
R)12  ;  camphor,  ^}  and  ,^ij  ;  opium  and  benjamin, 
aa  ^j  :  dried  squills,  %^y,  oil  of  aniseed,  ^j ; 
honey,  ftiij  and  ,^viij. — Gray.     It  is  pectoral. 

Marrubium,  Leonurus  cardiaca  —  m.  Album, 
Marrubium  —  m.  Apulum,  Marrubium  —  m.  Ger- 
manicum,  Marrubium — m.  Nigrum,  Ballota  fo2- 
tida— m.  Vulgare,  Marrubium. 

MARS,  Ferrum — m.  Solubilis,  Ferrum  tartari- 
zatum. 

MARSEILLES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  re- 
marks made  upon  the  climate  of  Montpelier  ap- 
ply even  in  greater  force  to  that  of  Marseilles. 
It  possesses  all  the  objectionable  qualities  of  the 
climate  of  southeastern  France. 

MARSH,  Limne,  Hclos,  Palus,  Sax.  mePrc, 
(F.)  3Iarais.  Marshy  districts  give  off  emana- 
tions, which  are  the  fruitful  source  of  disease 
and  the  cause  of  great  insalubrity  in  many  coun- 
tries. The  chief  disease,  occasioned  by  the  mala- 
ria or  miasm,  is  intermittent  fever.  Hence  it  be- 
comes important  to  drain  such  regions,  if  practi- 
cable. Some  marshy  countries  are  not  so  liable 
to  phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  it  has  been  found, 
that  where  intermittents  have  been  got  rid  of  by 
draining,  consumption  has.  at  times,  become  fre- 
quent. The  most  unhealthy  periods  for  resi- 
dence in  a  marshy  district  are  during  the  exist- 
ence of  the  summer  and  autumnal  heats;  at 
which  times  the  water  becomes  evaporated,  and 
the  marshy  bottom  is  more  or  less  exposed  to  the 
sun's  rays.  This  postulatum  seems  necessary  for 
the  production  of  the  miasmata:  for  whilst  the 
marsh  is  well  covered  with  water,  no  miasm  is 
given  off. 

Marsh  Poison,  Miasm  (marsh) — m.  Mallow, 
Althsea — m.  Root,  Statice  Caroliniana — m.  Tea, 
Ledum  palustre. 

MARSHALL'S  CERATE,  see  Cerate,  Mar- 
shall's. 

MARSHY,  Elodes. 

MARSIPIUM,  Marsupion. 

MARSUM,  Ifar'sium,  3Tar'sicum.  An  ancient 
wine  of  Marsia,  in  Italy,  which  was  used  as  an 
astringent  in  certain  diseases  of  the  mouth. 

MARSUPIAL,  see  Marsupion. 

MARSUPIALIS,  Ischio-trochanterianus,  Ob 
turator  internns. 

MARSUPIATE,  see  Marsupion. 

MARSU'PION,  3/arsupeion,  3/arsyp'ion,  3Tar- 
sip'tion,  3Ia.rsu'piinn,  3farsip'ium,  Sac'cnlus,  (fiap- 
avrrtov,  'a  small  sack,  a  purse.')  A  .sack  or  bag, 
with  which  any  part  is  fomented.  Also,  the  ab- 
dominal pouch  in  the  kangaroo,  opossum,  &c., 
into  which  the  young,  born  at  a  very  early  stage 
of  development,  are  received  and  nourished  with 
milk  secreted  from  glands  which  open  into  the 
pouches.  Such  animals  are  termed  Jfarsn'piat, 
3T"rsu'pinle,  3Tnrsupia'lin.     See  Generation. 

MARSUPIUM,  Scrotum  — m.  Musoulosnm, 
Dartos. 

MARSYPION,  Marsup'on. 


31 A  R  TEA  U 


570 


MASTITIS 


MAR  TEA  U,  Malleus. 
MARTIAL,  Chalybeate. 
MARTIALIS,  Chalybeate. 
MARTIANA  POMA,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 
MARTIA'TUM    UNGUEN'TUM,    (F.)     On- 
guent  de    Soldat,  Soldier's    ointment.     This  was 
composed  of  hay  berries,  rue,  marjoram,  mint,  sage, 
wormwood,  basil,  olive  oil,  yellow  wax,  and  3Ia- 
laga  wine.    It  was  invented  by  Martian  ;  and  was 
employed  by  soldiers  as  a  preservative   against 
injuries  from  cold. 

MARTIS  LIMATURA,  Ferri  limatura. 
MARUM    CORTUSI,  Teucrium  marum  — m. 
Creticum,  Teucrium  marum — m.  Syriacum,  Teu- 
crium marum  —  m.  Verum,  Teucrium  marum  — 
m  Vulsare,  Thymus  mastichina. 

MARUTA  COTULA,  Anthemis  cotula. 
MAS,  Male,  Modiolus. 
MASCARPIO,  Masturbator. 
MASCHALADENI'TIS,   from    ixacx^^v,   'the 
axilla,'  and  adenitis,  'inflammation  of  a  gland.' 
Inflammation  of  the  glands  of  the  axilla. 
MASCHALE.  Axilla. 
MASCHALI^US.  Axillary. 
MASCHALIATRI'A,  from  ixaaxo^n,  'the 
axilla,' and  tarptta,  '  healing.'    Treatment  of  dis- 
ease by  applications  made  to  the  axilla. 
MASCHALIS,  Axilla. 
MASCHALISTER,  Axis. 

MASCHALON'CUS,     IlascJialopa'nus,     from 
fiacTxaSrii  'the  axilla,'  and  oyKos,  'a  tumour.'     A 
tumour  or  bubo  or  swelling  in  the  axilla. 
MASCHALOPANUS,  Maschaloncus. 
MASCULA,  Tribade. 
MASCULUS,  Male. 
MASESIS,  Mastication. 

MA  SHU  A,  (S.)  A  tuberous  root,  of  a  flat, 
pyramidal  shape,  which  is  cultivated  and  cooked 
like  the  potato  by  the  Serranos  of  Peru.  It  is 
watery  and  insipid,  but  nevertheless  is  much 
eaten  by  them.  The  Indians  use  the  mashua  as 
a  medicine  in  dropsy,  dyspepsia,  and  dysentery. 
The  plant  is  unknown  to  botanists. — Tschudi. 

MASK,  Larva,  (F.)  31asque,  Larve.  A  band- 
age applied  over  the  face,  as  a  sort  of  mask,  in 
cases  of  burns,  scalds,  or  erysipelas.  It  serves  to 
preserve  the  parts  from  the  contact  of  air,  and  to 
retain  topical  applications  in  situ.  It  is  made  of 
a  piece  of  linen,  of  the  size  of  the  face,  in  which 
apertures  are  made  corresponding  to  the  eyes, 
nose,  and  mouth,  and  which  is  fixed  by  means 
of  strings  stitched  to  the  four  angles. 

MASKED,  Larva'tus,  (F.)  Larve.  Disguised, 
■ — as  a  "  mashed  fever ,"  or  one  which  is  not  clearly 
developed.     See  Fever,  masked. 

MASLACII,  3loslich,  Am'pfiion,  An'fion.  A 
medicine  much  used  by  tbe  Turks,  and  into  the 
composition  of  which  opium  enters.  It  is  ex- 
citant. 

MASQUE,  ^s.i\. 

MASS,  fia(,a,  Ifaza,  3Tassa,  from  ftaaato,  '  I 
mix.'  The  compound,  from  which  pills  have  to 
be  formed. 

MASSA,  Mass  —  m.  Carnea  Jaeobi  Sylvii,  see 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perfo- 
rans — m.  de  Dactylis,  Paste,  date  —  m.  de  Ex- 
tracto  glycyrrhizse,   Pasta  glyoyrrhizse,   &e. — m. 
de  Gummi  Arabieo,  Paste,  marshmallow — m.  de 
Zizyphorum  fruetu.  Paste  of  jujubes. 
3JAS.'?AGE.  Shampooing. 
3IASSE  D-EAU,  Typha  latifolia. 
MASSEMA,  Mastication. 
3IASSE3IENT,  Shampooing. 
3rASSEPAINS.  Biscuits,  medicinal. 
3IASSES  APOPHYSAIRES,  see  Vertebra. 
MASSESIS,  Mastication. 

MASSE'TER,  from  ftaaaofiai,  'I  eat,'  'I  chew.' 
3Ins'cuhi8  mnndihnln' ris,  (F.)  Zygomnto-maxil- 
lai'-e.     A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 


the  cheek,  and  lying  upon  the  ramus  of  the  lower 
jaw-bone.     It  is  long,  quadrilateral,  and  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the    inferior  edge    and  to  the 
inner  surface  of  the  zygomatic  arch  ;    below,  it 
terminates  at  the  angle  of  the  jaw,  and  at  the 
outer  surface  and  inferior  margin  of  the  ramus 
of  that  bone.     It  is  composed  of  an  intermixture 
of  fleshy  and  aponeurotic  fibres.     Its  office  is  to 
raise  the  lower  jaw,  and  to  act  in  mastication. 
Masseter  Inteknus,  Pterygoideus  internus. 
MASSETER'IC,    31as'seterine,    3Jasseter'icns, 
3fasseteri'nus.   (F.)  3Iasseterin,  3Iasseterique.   Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  masseter  muscle. 
MASSETERINE,  Masseteric. 
Masseterine   Artert  arises  from  the  trunk 
of  the  internal  maxillary  or  temporalis  profunda 
posterior,  and  is  distributed  to  the  masseter  mus- 
cle,  after  having  passed,   horizontally,  through 
the  sigmoid  notch  of  the  lower  jaw-bone. 

Masseterine  Nerve  is  given  off  from  the 
inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the  fifth  pair.  It 
passes  through  the  sigmoid  notch,  and  is  distri- 
buted on  the  inner  surface  of  the  masseter.  In 
luxation  of  the  lower  jaw,  this  nerve  is  strongly 
stretched,  and  considerable  pain,  consequently, 
produced. 

Masseterine  Vein  has  the  same  distribution 
as  the  artery.  It  opens  into  the  internal  maxil- 
lary vein. 

MASSETERINUS,  Masseteric. 
3IASSETTE,  Typha  latifolia. 
MASSICOT,  Plumbi  ox3'dum  semivitreum. 
MASSING,  Shampooing. 
MASSULA,  Molecule. 
MASTADENITIS,  Mastitis. 
MASTALGIA,  Mastodynia. 
MASTAX,  Mystax. 
MASTEMA,  Masticatory. 
MASTER  OF  THE  WOODS,  Galium  circae- 
zans. 

MASTERWORT,  Angelica  atropurpurea,  He- 
racleum  lanatum,  Imperatoria. 
MASTESIS,  Mastication. 
MASTHELCOSIS,  Mastodynia  apostematosa. 
MASTHOS,  Mamma. 

MASTICA'TION,  3Iastica'tio,  3fase'sis,  Sfas- 
se'sis  3fasse'ma,  3faste'sis,  3IandiLca'tio,  Com- 
manduca'tin,  3fandnca'tion,  Chewing,  Chawing, 
from  iiaarixatD,  'I  gnash  the  teeth.'  The  action 
of  bruising  food  in  the  mouth,  to  prepare  it  for 
the  digestion  it  has  to  undergo  in  the  stomach. 
This  is  executed  by  the  joint  action  of  the  tongue, 
cheeks,  and  lips,  which  push  the  alimentary  sub- 
stance between  the  teeth ;  and  by  the  motions  of 
the  lower  jaw  it  is  cut,  torn,  or  bruised. 

MAS'TICATORY,    3Iasticato'rinm,  3fasfe'ma, 
Diamaste'ma.     (F.)  3Iasticatoire.     Same  etymon. 
Chewing.     Relating  or  appertaining  to  mastica- 
tion or  chewing.     Also,  a  substance,  chewed  with 
the  intention  of  exciting  the  secretion  of  saliva. 
Masticatory  Nerve,  see  Trigemini. 
MASTICH,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus  — m.  Herb, 
common.  Thymus  mastichina — m.  Herb,  Sj'rian, 
Teucrium  marum — m.  Tree,  Pistacia  lentiscus. 
MASTICHEL^ON,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus. 
MASTICHINA   GALLORUM,  Thymus  mas- 
tichina. 

MASTIGODES  HOMINIS,  Trichocephalus. 
M  A  S  T I G  0 '  S  I  S,  Flagella'fio.    Flagellation,  - 
scourging  ;  employed  bj'  the  ancients  as  a  remedy 
in  many  diseases. 

MASTI'TIS.  3IastoVtis,  3Iastoidi'tls,  3fammi'- 
tis,  3Iazo'i'tis,  Inflammn'tio  3famma',  3Ia'<tadeni'- 
tis,  (F.)  Injlamtnation  des  3Inmelles,  3/ammiie, 
from  iiaarog,  'the  breast,'  and  itis.  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  breast.  In- 
flammation of  the  mammary  gland  of  the  preg- 
nant or  parturient  female  is  vulgarly  called  a 
weid  or  weed,  and  a  weed  in  the  breast. 


MASTIX 


571 


MATERIA 


Mastitis  Apostematosa,  Mastodynia  aposte- 
matosa. 

Mastitis  Puerpera'lis.    Inflammation  of  the 
mamma  in  the  childbed  woman. 
MASTIX,  see  Pistaeia  lentiscus. 
MASTO-CARCINO'MA,  from  AcatTTof, 'the 
breast,'  and  carcinoma.     Carcinoma  or  cancer  of 
the  breast. 

MASTO-CHONDRO'SIS,  from  ^aarog,  'the 
breast,'  and  xov^posy '  a  cartilage.'  A  cartilaginous 
formation  in  the  breast. 

MASTODES,  Mastoid. 

MASTODTN'IA,  BFastaVgia,  Mazodijn'ia, 
from  jjiaaTo;,  'the  breast,'  and  oivvri>  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  breasts;  a  form  of  neuralgia.  See  Neu- 
ralgia mammae. 

Mastodyn'ia  Apostemato'sa,  PMeg'mone 
MamiiKB,  Slastheleo'sia,  Masti'iia  apostemato'sa, 
Galactupoate'ma,  Galactomastoparecto'ma,  Ah- 
sces'sus  MammcB  seu  lac'leus,  Phlec/'mone  JTasto- 
dyn'ia,  Abscess  of  the  Breast,  Mam'mary  Abscess, 
Milk-abscess.  Phlegmonous  inflammation  of  the 
breasts,  running  on  to  suppuration,  generally  in 
the  childbed  female.  It  is  one  of  the  best  ex- 
amples of  acute  phlegmonous  inflammation,  and 
requires  the  active  use  of  appropriate  treatment. 

Mastodtnia  Polygala,  Sparganosis — m.  Po- 
lygala,  Mastospargosis. 

MASTOID,  Mastoi'dea,  Masto'des,  Masto'ideus, 
Mamnnlla'ris,  Papil'li  seu  mnmmUli-formisjMam- 
miform'is,  Mam'miform,  (F.)  Ilastoidien,  from 
fiacToj,  'a  breast,'  and  ei.6os,  'form,  resemblance.' 
Having  the  form  of  a  nipple.  Also,  that  which 
relates  to  the  mastoid  process,  3Iastoideus. 

Mastoid  Aperture: — the  opening  of  commu- 
nication between  the  cavity  of  the  tj'mpanum 
and  the  mastoid  cells. 

Mastoiii  Cancer.  A  kind  of  firm  carcinoma- 
tous growth,  the  section  of  which  is  thought  to 
resemble  the  boiled  udder  of  the  cow. 

Mastoid  Cells,  CeWulce  Mastoidem,  Antrum 
mastoideam,  ilastoid  Si'nuses.  These  are  situate 
in  the  mastoid  process;  communicate  with  each 
other,  and  open  into  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum. 
Their  use  seems  to  be  to  increase  the  intensity 
of  sound. 

Mastoid  Foramen  is  situate  behind  the  mas- 
toid process,  and  gives  passage  to  a  small  artery 
of  the  dura  mater,  as  well  as  to  a  vein  which 
opens  into  the  lateral  sinus. 

Mastoid  Fossa,  (F.)  Gouttilre  masto'idienne, 
is  a  depression  at  the  inner  surface  of  the  mastoid 
portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  which  forms  part 
of  the  lateral  sinus. 

Mastoid  or  Digas'tric  Groove,  (F.)  Raimire 
mastoidienne  ou  digastrique,  is  a  groove,  situate 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  mastoid  process,  which 
affords  attachment  to  the  posterior  belly  of  the 
digastric  muscle. 

Mastoid  Muscle,  Posterior,  Splenius. 

Mastoid  or  Maji'miforji  or  Mam'millary 
Process,  Proces'sus  masto'ideus,  Ajyoph'ysis 
mammilla'ris,  Pars  niastdidea,  is  situate  at  the  in- 
ferior and  posterior  part  of  the  temporal  bone, 
and  gives  attachment  to  the  digastric  and  mastoid 
muscles. 

MASTOIDEUS,  Sterno-cleido-mastoideus— m. 
Lateralis,  Complexus  minor. 

MASTOIDITIS,  Mastitis. 

3IAST0ID0-C0NCH1NIEN,  Retrahens  au- 
ris  —  m.  Genien,  Digastricus  —  m.  Hyogenien,  Di- 
gastricus  —  m.  Oriculaire,  Retrahens  auris. 

MASTOME'NIA,  from  fjiacTo;,  '  the  breast,'  and 
fiTiv,  'a  month.'  Vicarious  menstruation  from  the 
mamma. 

MASTON'CUS,  Thelon'cus,  from  ^oitto;,  'the 
breast,'  and  oyKoq,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumefaction 
of  the  nipple,  or  of  the  breast  itself.     When  the 


tumour  is  of  an  adipous  character  it  is  termed 
Mastopion'cus  or  Mastopimelon' cus. 

Mastoncus  Polygalacticus,  Mastospargosis. 

MASTOPAREC'TAMA,  from  ^atrros,  'the 
breast,'  and  TraptKrajxa,  '  excessive  distension.' 
Immoderate  distension  of  the  mammae. 

MASTOPATHPA,  from  /xacTos,  'the  breast,' 
and  za6o;,  '  disease.'     An  affection  of  the  breast. 

MASTOPIMELOXCUS,  see  Mastoncus. 

MASTOPIONCUS,   see  Mastoncus. 

MASTORRHAG"IA,  from  jiacTos,  '  the  breast,' 
and  pvyvvfii,  '  to  flow.'     An  unusual  flow  of  milk. 

MASTOS,  Mamma. 

MASTOSCIR'RHUS,  from  fiacrog,  '  the  breast,' 
and  cKippos,  'a  hard  tumour.'  Scirrhus,  or  hard 
cancer  of  the  breast. 

MASTOSPARGO'SIS,  ilastodyn'ia  jyohjg'ala, 
Maston'cus  polygalac'ticus,  from  fiaaroi,  '  the 
breast,'  and  a-apyaui,  '  I  am  full  to  bursting.' 
Fulness  of  the  breasts  with  milk,  so  that  they  are 
ready  to  burst. 

MAST0SYRTNX,Fi"8'?!(?a  mammcB,  from  naaroq, 
'the  breast,'  and  ovptyl,  'a  pipe.'  Fistula  of  the 
mamma. 

MASTURBA'TION,  Cina'dia,  Gar'gale,  Gar', 
galus,  Gargalis'mus,  Mastupra'tio,  Manustupra'- 
tio,  Manstupra'tio,  from  maims,  'the  hand,'  and 
stupro,  '  I  ravish ;'  Ona'nia,  On'unism,  uEdoeo- 
gargaris'mus,  uSdceogar' galus,  Anaplas'mus,  Gau'- 
dia  fceda,  Duct'io  p)'>'OBl>u'tih  Vol'untary  Polln'- 
tion.  Self  Pollution,  Self-abuse,  (F.)  Abus  de  soi- 
meme,  Attouchement.  Excitement  of  the  genital 
organs  by  the  hand. 

MASTURBA'TOR,  Ilastupra'tor,  Manustw- 
pra'tor,  Mascar'pio :  same  etymon.  One  given 
to  masturbation. 

MASTUS,  Mamma. 

MAT,  (F.)  Dull. 

MA  T  SON.  A  didl  or  flat  sound.  The  obscure 
noise,  (F.)  Matite,  afforded  in  certain  diseases  when 
any  part,  as  the  chest,  is  percussed.  It  has  been 
compared  to  that  produced  when  the  thigh  is 
struck.'  It  is  opposed  to  the  Son  clair,  or  '  clear 
sound.' 

MATE,  see  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

MATECO,  Matico. 

MATELLA,  Urinal. 

MATER,  Uterus —  m.  Dura,  Dura  mater —  m. 
Herbarum,  Artemisia  vulgaris  —  m.  Metallorum, 
Hydrargyrum  —  m.  Mollis,  Pia  mater — m.  Perla- 
rum,  see  Pearl  —  m.  Pia,  Pia  mater  —  m.  Seealis, 
Ergot — m.  Tenuis,  Pia  mater. 

MATERIA,  Matter— m.  Fibrosa,  Fibrin. 

Mate'ria  Med'ica,  Phar'macolog"ia,  Pharma- 
col'ogy,  Acol'ogy  or  Akol'ogy  or  Ac eolog"ia,  Hyle 
lat'rice,  Iamatolog"ia,  lamatol'ogy,  (F.)  3Iatlere 
Medicale.  The  division  of  medical  science  which 
treats  of  the  knowledge  of  medicines  ;  their  action 
on  the  animal  economy,  and  mode  of  administra- 
tion. The  stud}'  of  the  Materia  Medica  is  one  of 
great  importance  ; — it  is  a  study  of  the  tools  with 
which  the  practitioner  has  to  work  in  the  cure 
of  disease.  Much  labour  has  been  spent  in  con- 
triving classifications  of  the  Materia  Medica. 
Some  have  arranged  the  articles  according  to 
their  natural  resemblances  :  others  according  to 
their  real  or  presumed  virtues :  others,  according 
to  their  active  constituent  principles.  The  Phar- 
maeopceias  place  them  alphabetically.  Perhaps 
the  best  classification  would  be  one  founded  on 
the  agency  exerted  by  the  articles  on  the  different 
tissues  ;  but  this  arrangement,  in  the  present  state 
of  science,  is  by  no  means  easy;  and,  moreover, 
ideas  in  regard  to  the  action  of  medicines  are 
so  associated  with  certain  terms,  —  as  narcotics, 
tonics,  sedatives,  &c.,  employed  to  denote  certain 
operations,  which  they  are  esteemed  capable  of 
producing,  that,  to  abandon  them,  would  be  to 
throw  obstacles  in  the  way  of  the  student,  with- 


MATERIALISTA 


572 


MATRICULATE 


out  the  ultimate  advantage  accj-uing  to  him  of 
possessing  a  better  knowledge  of  the  modus  ojye- 
randi  of  medicines  than  when  a  classification, 
somewhat  resembling  those  usually  embraced,  is 
adopted. 

The  following  is  the  classification  adopted  by 
the  Author,  in  his  "  General  Therapeutics  and 
Materia  Medica,  6th  edit.,  Philad.,  1857  :— 

1.  Agents  that  affect  pro-  T  Emetics, 
minently  the  alimentary  ca-  <  Cathartics, 

nal  or  its  contents,  (  Anthelminthics. 

2.  Agents  that  affect  pro-  C 

minently  the  respiratory  or-  <  Expectorants, 
gans,  (. 

fErrhines, 
.3.  Agents  that  affect  pro-  |  Sialogogues, 
iTiinently  the    follicular    or -{  Diuretics, 


glandular  organs. 


Antilithics, 
Diaphoretics. 

■  Narcotics, 
Tetanies, 

_  Antispasmodics. 


Emmenagogues, 
Parturifacients, 


4.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  nervous  sys- 
tem, 

5.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  organs  of  re- 
production, 

f  Excitants, 
Tonics, 

6.  Agents  that  affect  va-  ,  gedatlfes?'' 
rious  organs,  I  Refrigerants, 

I  Revellents, 
(^  Eutrophics. 
u.     .        ,       1  L-      ■    r  Antacids, 

7.  Agents  whose  action  is  1  ^ntalkalies, 
prominently  chemical,  [Disinfectants 

8.  Agents  whose  action  is  f  Demulcents, 
prominently  mechanical,        \  Diluents. 

Of  old,  the  Materia  Medica  consisted  of  more 
articles  than  at  present.  The  tendency,  indeed, 
is,  and  must  be,  to  diminish  it  still  further;  to 
get  rid  of  those  articles  which  possess  no  advan- 
tages over  others  equally  common,  or  whose  pro- 
perties are  doubtful.  In  a  dictionary,  it  becomes 
necessary  to  insert  all  that  have  been  reputed  to 
possess  virtues ;  but  the  majority  are  unneces- 
sary. The  catalogue  might  be  largely  reduced 
■with  impunity. 

Materia  Medica,  Dynamical,  Pharmacody- 
namics. 

Materia  Morbo'sa,  3f.  Peecans,  Mate'ries 
Iforbi,  Morbid  matter.  The  matter  or  material 
which  is  the  cause  of  disease. 

Materia  Ossea,  Terra  Ossea  —  m.  Peecans, 
M.  Morbosa  —  m.  Sialina,  see  Saliva  —  m.  Scyto- 
dephica,  Tannin  —  m.  Testacea  dentium,  see 
Tooth — m.  Urinosa,  Urea. 

MATERIALISTA,  Druggist. 

3fA TERIA  UX  IM3IEDIA TS,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

MATERIES,  Matter— m.  Morbi,  Materia  mor- 
bosa. 

MATHEWS  PILLS,  Pilulse  ex  hellebore  et 
mj'rrha. 

MATHIEU'S  VERMIFUGE,  see  Vermifuge. 

MA'TIAS.  The  bark  of  a  South  American 
tree  not  yet  determined.  It  is  used  in  its  native 
country  in  intermittents,  and  as  a  tonic  generally. 
Its  principal  characteristic  constituent  is  a  bitter 
resinous  matter.  It  is  probably  the  same  as  the 
Mnlamho  hark. 

MATI'CO,  (pronounced  matee'co,)  3Tatec6,  Ma- 
t!c((,  Yerba  del  SoMado,  Soldier's  tceed  or  herb. 
A  South  American  herb — Piper  angustifoliwai  seu 
longa'tum,  Stephens'ia  elonga'tn,  Artan'tlie  eloii- 
ga'ta,  Ord.  Piperacese  —  which  is  possessed  of 
astringent  virtues,  and  is  used  both  internally 
and  externally.  It  is  given  in  infusion  made  of 
one  ounce  of  the  leaves  to  a  pint  of  boiling  water. 


of  which  the  dose  is  f  3iss,  or  in  tincture,  made 
of  ^iiss  of  the  leaves  to  a  pjint  of  dilute  alcohol. 

31  AT JE RE,  M.a.tier — m.  Caseuse,  Casein  —  m. 
Cerebriforrne,  Encephaloid  —  m.  Extractive  da 
Bouillon,  Osmazome — m.  Fibreuse  du  Sang, 
Fibrin  —  tn.  3Iedicale,  Materia  Medica — m.  de  la 
Jlelanose,  see  Choroidea  tunica  —  m.  Noire  dea 
Ponmons,  Anthracosis — 7n.Perl.ee  de  KerJcring,' 
Antimoniumdiaphoreticum — m.Pulmonaire  noire, 
see  Pulmo.  ^ 

3fA  TITE,  see  3Iat  son. 

MATLOCK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Mat- 
lock is  a  village  in  Derbyshire,  England,  at  which 
there  is  a  mineral  spring  of  the  acidulous  class. 
Temperature  66°.  It  differs  but  little,  except  in 
temperature,  from  good  spring-water.  It  is  ge- 
nerally used  as  a  tepid  bath. 

MATONIA  CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum  car- 
damomum. 

MATORIUM,  Ammoniac,  gum. 
-MATRACIUM.  Matrass,  Urinal. 
MATRASS,  Jfatra'cium.  A  glass  vessel  with 
a  long  neck;  and  around,  and  sometimes  oval, 
body.  It  may  be  furnished  with  tubulures,  or 
not.  It  is  used  in  Pharmacy  fur  distillation,  di- 
gestion, &c. 

MATRES  CEREBRI,  Meninges. 
3IATRICAIRE,  Matricaria. 
MATRICA'LIS,    3Iatrica'riu8,    from    matrix, 
matricis,  '  the  uterus.'     Relating  to  the  uterus. 

3Iatricalia  are  remedies  for  diseases  of  the 
uterus. 

MATRICA'RIA,  from  matrix,  matricis,  'the 
womb ;'  so  called  from  its  reputed  virtues  in 
affections  of  that  organ.  If.  Parthe'niwn,  Par- 
the'niuni  febrif'vgnm,  Py'rethrum  seu  Chrysanth'- 
emnm  parthe'nium,  Argyrocha'ta,  Chrysoc'alis, 
Fever-feio,  Feather-few,  31  other -xcort,  Cowthwort, 
(Sc.)  Fever-fouillie,  (F.)  ikitricaire.  Nat.  Ord. 
Compositse.  The  flowers  resemble,  in  their  pro- 
perties, chamomile  and  tansy;  and,  like  them, 
have  been  esteemed  tonic,  stomachic,  resolvent, 
emmenagogue,  vermifuge,  &c.  They  are  not 
much  used. 

Matricaria,  see  Matricaria  chamomilla. 
Matrica'ria  Chamomil'la,  3[.  Suav'colens, 
An'themis  vulga'ris,  Chamame'lum  Vulga're,  Cha- 
momil'la nostras,  Leucan' themum  of  Dioscorides, 
Wild  Corn,  Dog's  Cham'omile,  German  Chamo- 
mile, (F.)  Camomille  vulgaire.  The  flowers,  3Ja- 
trica'ria  (Ph.  U.  S.),  resemble  Matricaria  in 
properties. 

Matrica'ria  Glabra'ta.  A  South  African 
plant,  known  at  the  Cape  as  Wild  Chamomile, 
has  the  same  properties  as  the  other  species  of 
matricaria. 

Matricaria  Leucanthejium,  Chrysanthemum 
Leucanthemum — m.  Suaveolens,  M.  Chamomilla. 
3IATRICE,  Uterus— m.  Colde  la,  Collum uteri 
— m.  de  rOnr/le,  see  Nail. 

MATRICULATE,  from  matricula,  diminutive 
of  matrix,  matricis,  'a  roll,'  originally  'an  army 
roll  or  register.'  One  who  is  admitted  into  a  uni- 
versity or  college,  by  enrolling  or  having  his 
name  enrolled  on  the  register  of  the  institution. 
In  France,  prendre  inscription  means  'to  matri- 
culate;' and,  in  the  university  regulations  of  that 
country,  it  is  required,  that  the  inscription  shall 
be  made  every  three  months,  until  the  termina- 
tion of  the  prescribed  period  of  study;  the  stu- 
dent having  to  take  his  inscription  within  the 
first  fortnight  of  each  trimestre  or  of  every  three 
months,  and  to  present  himself  within  the  last 
fortnight  of  the  trimestre  to  establish  the  fact  of 
his  attendance. 

In  this  country,  it  is  only  necessary  to  matri- 
culate at  the  commencement  of  each  session. 

One  who  has  thus  enrolled  himself  in  an  insti- 
tution is  called  a  3Iatriculate. 


MATRISYLVA 


5  7  3     dIA XILLO-AL  VE  0 LI-NASAL 


MATRISYLVA,  Asperula  odorata. 

MATRIX,  Cytoblastema,  Uterus — m.  Unguis, 
see  Nail. 

MATRONA,  Midwife. 

MATRON'ALIS,  Viola. 

MATTEE,  see  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

MATTER,  Mate'ria,  EyU,  3fate'nes,  (1?.)  3fa- 
fiere.  Any  substance  which  enters  into  the  com- 
position of  a  body.  In  Medicine,  it  is  sometimes 
applied  to  the  substance  of  evacuations;  and  is 
also  used  synonymously  with  pus. 

MATTING  OP  PARTS,  Hapantismus. 

MATULA,  Urinal. 

MATURA'TION,  Matura'tio,  from  niaturare, 
matura'tum,  'to  ripen.'  Pepas'mos,  Pepan'ais. 
Progression  of  an  abscess  towards  maturity.  The 
state  of  maturity.     Coction. 

MATURATIF,  Maturative. 

MAT'URATIVE,  MaUi-'rans,  Pepanticos,  (F.) 
Maturatif.  Same  etymon.  A  medicine  which 
favours  the  maturation  of  an  inflammatory  tu- 
mour. 

MATURATUS,  Concocted. 

MATU'RITY,  Matu'ritas,  Horce'otes.  Same 
etymon.  The  state  of  fruits  and  seeds,  when 
comparatively  developed.  State  of  an  abscess, 
in  which  the  pus  is  completely  formed. 

Maturity,  Precocioi  s,  Precocity. 

MAUDLIN,  Achillea  ageratum — m.  Tansey, 
Achillea  ageratum  —  ifl  Wort,  Chrysanthemum 
leueanthemum. 

MAULES,  Rubeola. 

MAUVE  SAUVAGE,  Malva. 

MA  TJX  BE  NERFS,  Hysteria. 

MAW,  Stomach — m.  Bound,  Constipated — m. 
Worm,  Asearis. 

MAXILLA,  Maxillary  Bone. 

MAX'ILLARY,  Maxilla' ris,  (P.)  iraxillaire, 
from  maxilla,  'a  jaw.'  Relating  or  belonging  to 
the  jaws;  from  ^affcrau,  'I  chew.' 

Maxillary  Arteries  are  three  in  number. 
1.  External  maxilhrrt/.  See  Pacial.  2.  Internal 
maxillary  —  A.  Guituro-maxillaire  (Ch.).  This 
arises  from  the  external  carotid  with  the  tempo- 
ral. It  is  remarkable  for  its  complex  course, 
and  for  the  number  of  branches  which  it  trans- 
mits to  the  deep-seated  parts  of  the  face.  Imme- 
diately after  its  origin,  it  buries  itself  under  the 
neck  of  the  lower  jaw,  curving  inwards  and 
downwards.  It  then  advances  directly  inwards; 
proceeding  in  the  space  between  the  two  ptery- 
goid muscles  towards  the  maxillary  tuberosity. 
It  turns  again,  becomes  vertical,  and  ascends  into 
the  bottom  of  the  zygomatic  fossa,  until,  having 
arrived  at  the  floor  of  the  orbit,  it  takes  a  hori- 
zontal and  transverse  direction ;  enters  the  sphe- 
no-maxillary  fossa,  and  divides  into  several 
branches.     See  Artery,  (table.) 

Maxillary  Bone,  Maxil'la,  3fandib'ula,Gam'- 
phele,  Gnathns,  Mola,  Siac/on,  Jaichone,  (Prov.) 
Chaffbone,  Chall,  Chaule,  Chavel,  Uhawbone,  Gill, 
(F.)  Mdchoire.  A  name  given  to  two  bones, 
which  support  the  teeth,  and,  by  means  of  them, 
are  inservient  to  the  cutting,  bruising,  and  tear- 
ing of  alimentai-y  substances. 

Maxillary  Bone,  J^^w^'mon,  Lower  jaw-hone, 
Os  Maxilln've  inferius,  3Iaxil'la  inferior,  Hypo- 
si'ar/on,  (P.)  Os  maxillaire  (Ch.),  Mdchoire  dia- 
cranienne,  is  a  symmetrical,  nearly  parabolic 
bone,  the  middle  portion  of  which  is  horizontal, 
and  called  the  body;  and  the  posterior  is  vertical, 
the  angular  portions  being  termed  Rami  or 
branches.  These  have  behind  a, 2iarotidean  edge, 
which  forms — by  uniting  with  the  base — the  angle 
of  the  jaw.  The  branches  terminate  above  by 
two  processes,  separated  by  the  sigmoid  notch  or 
fossa;  the  anterior  of  which  is  called  the  coro- 
noid ;  the  posterior,  the  condyloid  process  or 
maxillary  condyle,  supported  by  a  Cervix,  Collum, 


or  Neck.  The  chief  parts  observed  on  the  lower 
jaw  are  —  1.  Externally, — the  Sym'physia  menti, 
A2)oph'ysis  menti.  Mental  foramen,  and  the  exter- 
nal oblique  line.  2.  Internally,  —  the  Genian 
apoph'ysis,  the  internal  or  Myloid  oblique  lines, 
and  the  entrance  of  the  dental  canal.  The  lower 
jaw  has,  also,  an  alveolar  edge,  which  contains 
alveoli  for  the  reception  of  the  teeth.  The  lower 
jaw-bone  is  developed  by  two  points  of  ossifica- 
tion, which  unite  at  the  symphysis  of  the  chin. 
It  is  articulated  with  the  temporal  bone  and  with 
the  teeth. 

Maxillary  Bone,  Supe'rior,  Upper  jaw-bone, 
Blaxil'la  superior  seu  syncra'nia,  Os  maxilla' re 
supe'rius,  (P.)  Os  sus-maxillaire  (Ch.),  Maehoire 
syneranienne.  The  upper  jaw-bones  are  to  the 
face  what  the  sphenoid  bone  is  to  the  cranium. 
They  are  articulated  with  all  the  portions  com- 
posing it.  They  determine,  almost  alone,  the 
shape  of  the  face,  and  give  it  solidit.y.  Their  size 
is  considerable;  form  unequal.  They  occupy  the 
middle  and  anterior  part  of  the  face;  and  enter 
into  the  composition  of  the  nasal  fossae,  orbit, 
and  mouth.  The  chief  parts  observable  in  the 
upper  jaw  are  —  1.  Externally,  —  the  Nasal  pro- 
cess, Processus  nasa'lis  seu  fronta'lis  seu  aseen'- 
dens,  (P.)  Apophyse  montante,  the  superior  or 
or'bital  surface,  Superfic"ies  orbita'lis.  Planum 
orbita'le,  which  forms  almost  the  entire  floor  of 
the  orbit,  the  Fora'men  infra-orb ita'rittm,  Zygo- 
matic process.  Canine  or  Myr'tiform  fossa.  2. 
Internally, — the  Pal'atine process,  Ante'rior  pal'a- 
tine  canal,  and  the  Antrum  of  Highmore.  Its  cir- 
cumference is  very  unequal,  and  it  has  behind  a 
round,  unequal  prominence,  called  the  Maxillary 
tuberosity,  which  is  pierced  by  the  posterior  den- 
tal canal.  Anteriorly,  there  is  a  notch,  which 
forms  part  of  the  anterior  aperture  of  the  nasal 
fossEe,  and  beneath,  an  eminence,  called  the  ayite- 
rior  nasal  spine.  The  lower  part  of  this  circum- 
ference forms  the  alveolar  margin.  Each  supe- 
rior maxillary  bone  is  articulated  with  the  eth- 
moid, frontal,  nasal,  lachr3»mal,  palatine,  inferior 
spongy,  vomer,  its  fellow,  the  teeth  of  the  upper 
jaw,  and  sometimes  the  sphenoid  bone.  It  is 
developed  by  four  or  five  points  of  ossification. 

Maxillary  Nerves  are  two  in  number,  and 
formed  of  the  second  and  third  branches  of  the 
fifth  pair.  The  Superior  Maxillary  Nerve, 
Nerf  sus-maxillaire  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  middle 
of  the  gangliform  enlargement  of  the  fifth  pair; 
passes  forwards,  and  issues  from  the  cranium 
through  the  foramen  rotundum  of  the  sphenoid 
bone;  enters  the  spheno-maxillary  fossa,  which 
it  crosses  horizontally;  passes  into  the  infra- 
orbitar  canal,  which  it  traverses  ;  and  makes  its 
exit  to  vanish  on  the  cheek.  It  gives  off  the  fol- 
lowing branches,  —  the  orbitar,  a  branch  which 
goes  to  the  spheno-2jalat!ne  ganglion;  23oiterior 
dental  branches ;  the  anterior  dental,  —  and  ter- 
minates in  the  infra-orbitar  nerves,  which  are 
divided  into  superior,  inferior,  and  internal.  The 
inferior  maxillary  nerve,  Nerf  maxillaire  (Ch.), 
is  the  largest  of  the  three  branches  furnished  by 
the  fifth  pair.  It  issues  from  the  cranium  by  the 
foramen  ovale  of  the  sphenoid.  Having  reached 
the  zygomatic  fossa,  it  divides  into  two  trunks ; 
the  one  superior  and  external,  which  gives  off 
the  lemporales  profundi,  masaeterine,  buccal,  and 
pterygoids ; — the  other — inferior  and  internal — 
the  larger  of  the  two,  which  furnishes  the  inferior 
dental,  lingual,  and  auricular. 

Maxillary  Veins  present  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arteries  they  accompany. 

MAXILL 0 -  AL  YEOLI-  NASAL,  Depressor 
alas  nasi  —  m.  Labial,  Depressor  anguli  oris — m. 
Narinnl,  Compressor  naris — m.  Palpebral,  Orbi- 
cularis palpebrarum  —  m.  Scleroticien,  Obliquua 
inferior  oculi. 


MAY  APPLE 


•5  74 


MEDIAN 


MAT  APPLE,  Podophyllum  peltatum — m.  a. 
Mountain,  Podophyllum  montanum — m.  Flower, 
Anthemis  cotula — m.  Weed,  Anthemis  eotula. 
MAYELLA,  Curcuma  longa. 
MATNARD'S   ADHESIVE   LIQUID,  CoUo- 
dion. 

MAYS,  Zea  mays  —  m.  Americana,  Zea  mays 
— m.  Zea,  Zea  mays. 

MAYWORM,  TRUE,  Meloe  majalis. 
MAYZ,  Zea  mays. 
jNIAZA,  Mass,  Placenta. 
MAZALYSIS,  Mazolysis. 

MA'ZICUS,  from  maza,  'placenta.'  Relating 
to  the  placenta. 

MAZISCH'ESIS,  from  maza,  'the  placenta,' 
and  i7;j;tcrc;,  'holding,'  'retention.'  Retention  of 
the  placenta. 

MAZODYNIA,  Mastodynia. 
MAZOITIS,  Mastitis. 

MAZOL'YSIS,  Mazal'ysis,  from  maza,  'pla- 
centa,' and  \vaii,  'solution.'  Separation  of  the 
placenta. 

MAZOPATHI'A,  from  maza,   'placenta,'  and 
Kada;,  'disease.'    A  disease  of  the  placenta.    One 
originating  from  the  placenta. 
MAZOS,  Mamma. 
MEAD,  Hydromeli,  Melizomum. 
MEADOW  BLOOM,    Ranunculus    acris  —  m. 
Fern,  Comptonia  asplenifolia — m.  Pride,  see  Ca- 
lumba — m.  Rue,  Thalictron — m.  Saffron,  Vinegar 
of,  Acetum  colchici — m.  Sweet,  Gillenia  trifoliata, 
Spirtea  ulmaria — m.   Sweet,  American,   Spiraea 
lobata — m.  Sweet,  red.  Spiraea  tomentosa, 
MEALY  TREE,  Viburnum  dentatum. 

MEASLES,  Rubeo- 
la— m.  Black,  see  Ru- 
beola— m.  False,  Rose- 
olffi — m.  French,  Rose- 
olas. 

MEASLINGS,  Ru- 
beola. 

MEASLY,  Morbil- 
lous. 

MEASURE,  GRA- 
DUATED. A  glass 
measure,  used  in  phar- 
macy, which  is  so  di- 
vided as  to  indicate  ac- 
curately the  quantities 
in  dispensing  liquid 
medicines. 

MEASUREMENT, 
Mensuration. 
MEASURES,  see  Weights  and  Measures. 
MEASURING,  MEDICAL,  Mensuration. 
MEAT  BISCUIT,  see  Biscuit,  meat. 
ME_AT,  EXTRACTIVE  OF,  Osmazome. 
3IEAT,  Meatus. 

MEA'TUS,  Ductus,  Cana'Us,  Poms,  (F.)  3Ieat, 
from  men,  meatum,  'to  go.'  A  pa^^age  or  canal. 
Meatus  Additorius  Extern-us,  Auditory  ca- 
nal, external  —  m.  Auditorius  internus,  Auditory 
canal,  internal — m.  Cebcus,  Eustachian  tube — m. 
Cutieulares,  Pori  cutanei  —  m.  Cysticus,  Cystic 
duet — m.  Narium,  see  Nasal  fossse — m.  Seminales 
uteri,  Tubse  FallopianEe — m.  Seminarius,  Corpus 
Ilighmori — m.  Urinarius,  Urethra. 

MECHAMECK,  Convolvulus  panduratus — m. 
Bindweed,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 
MECHANE,  Machine. 
MECHANEMA,  Machine. 
MECHAN'ICAL,   Jfechan'icus,   from    fur^avri, 
'a  machine.'     An  epithet  given  to  irritating  bo- 
dies, which  do  not  act  chymically — as  a  mechani- 
cal  irritant. 


Four-ounce  Glass  Measure. 


Mechanical  or  lATRO-MATHEirATicAL  Phtsi- 
CIASS,  Id'tro-mechaii'ici  seu  Td'tromathemat'ici, 
are  such  as  refer  every  function,  healthy  or  mor- 
bid, to  mechanical  or  mathematical  principles; — 
2Iedici'na  median' ica. 

_  MECHAN'ICS,  AN'IMAL.  That  part  of  phy- 
siology whose  objects  are  to  investigate  the  laws 
of  equilibrium  and  motion  of  the  animal  body. 

MECH'ANISM,  Mechanism' us.  The  structure 
of  a  body;  the  collection  or  aggregate  of  the 
parts  of  a  machine;  the  mode  in  which  forces 
produce  any  effect,  <tc. 

MECHE,  Tent.  This  term  is  usually  applied 
in  French  surgery  to  a  collection  of  threads  of 
charpie,  cotton  or  raw  silk,  united  together,  which 
are  used  for  deterging  sinuous  or  fistulous  ulcers  ; 
or  to  keep  open  or  enlarge  natural  or  artificial 
apertures.  They  are  generally  applied  by  means 
of  an  instrument  called  Porte-meche. 

MECHOACANA  NIGRA,  Convolvulus  jalapa 
— m.  Nigricans,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

MECHOACANA  RADIX,  Convolvulus  me- 
choacan. 

MEOHOACAN  BU  CANADA,  Phytolacca 
decandra. 

MECOM'ETER,  (F.)  2Iecometre;  from  iinKo?, 
'length,'  and  itsrpov,  'measure.'  A  kind  of  gra- 
duated compass, — compas  de  proportion, — used  at 
the  Hospice  de  Maternite  of  Paris,  to  measure 
the  length  of  new-born  infants. 

MECON,  Meconium,  Opium,  Papaver. 

MECONICUM,  Opiate. 

MECONIS'MUS,  Intoxiea'tio  opia'ca ;  from 
firiKiiiv,  'the  poppy.'     Poisoning  by  opium. 

MECO'NIUM,  same  etymon.  Poppy  juice, 
Papiaver'  culum,  Purgamen'ta  Infantis,  Mecon, 
The  excrement  passed  by  the  infant  a  short 
time  after  birth,  which  had  accumulated  in  the 
intestines  during  pregnancy.  It  is  of  a  greenish 
or  deep  black  colour,  and  very  viscid.  It  seems 
formed  of  the  mucous  secretions  of  the  intestines 
mixed  with  bile. 

MEC0N0L06"IA,  Opiolog"ia;  from  hvkuiv, 
'a  poppy,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  description.'  A  treatiso 
on  opium. 

MECONOPSIS  DIPHYLLA,  Stylophorum  di- 
phyllum. 

MEDCINARE,  Doctor. 

MEDEA,  Genital  organs. 

MEDECIN,  Physician  —  m.  Consultant,  Con- 
sulting physician — m.  de  Fous,  see  Psychiatria. 

3fEDEGINE,  Medicina — m.  Expectante,  Ex- 
pectation— ?«.  Lejale,  Medicine,  legal — m.  Mili- 
taire.  Military  medicine — m,  Operatoire,  Surgery, 
operative  —  m.  Perturbatrice,  Perturbatris  (Me- 
dicina.) 
j!      MEDELA,  Curation. 

!i      MEDE'NI.     A  term  used  by  Paracelsus   for 
'  cutaneous  ulcerations  like  those  of  boils. 

MEDEOLA  VERTICILLIFOLIA,  M.  Virgi- 
[,  nica. 

j  Mede'ola  Virgin'ica,  M.  verticillifo'Ua,  Gy- 
\[  ro'ynia  Virgin'ica,  Indian  cu'cumber.  Order, 
:  Smilaceae.  An  indigenous  herb,  growing  in  every 
part  of  the  United  States,  the  root  of  which  re- 
j  sembles  a  small  cucumber.  It  has  been  thought 
|,  to  be  diuretic. 

,|      MEDIAN,  Media'nus ;  from  medium,  'the  mid- 
dle'    That  which  is  situate  in  the  middle. 

Median  Line.  A  vertical  line,  supposed  to 
divide  a  body  longitudinally  into  two  equal  parts ; 
the  one  right,  the  other  left.  Chaussier  calls  the 
linea  alba  the  ligne  medinne  of  the  abdomen. 

Median  Nerve,  Median  digital,  (Ch.)  This 
nerve  arises  chiefly  from  the  anterior  branches  of 


MEDIANUM 


575 


MEDICINAL 


th  J  last  two  cervical  nerves  and  first  dorsal.  The 
fifth  and  sixth  cervical  pairs  also  send  it  a  branch, 
which  separates  from  the  musculo-cutaneous 
nerve.  The  median  nerve  descends  the  inner 
part  of  the  arm  along  the  biceps  muscle.  Op- 
posite the  elbow  joint  it  buries  itself  behind 
the  aponeurosis  of  that  muscle,  and  engages  it- 
self between  the  two  fasciculi  of  the  pronator 
teres.  Lower  down,  it  is  situate  between  the 
flexors — sublirais  and  profundus  —  and  passes, 
with  their  tendons,  under  the  anterior  annular 
ligament;  it  then  divides  into  five  branches, 
which  are  distributed  to  the  muscles  of  the  the- 
nar eminence,  to  the  lumbricales,  the-integuments 
of  the  thumb,  the  index,  middle  finger,  and  outer 
part  of  the  ring  finger.  This  nerve  gives  no 
branches  to  the  arm.  In  the  forearm,  it  furnishes 
filaments  to  all  the  pronator  and  flexor  muscles; 
and  one  of  them  accompanies  the  anterior  inter- 
osseous artery.  It  also  gives  off  a  filament  to  the 
integuments  of  the  palm  of  the  hand. 

Median  Veiks.  Three  of  the  superficial  veins 
of  the  forearm  are  so  called.  The  median  basilic 
— the  median  cephalic,  and  common  median  or/u- 
nie  hrachii.     See  Basilic  and  Cephalic. 

MEDIANUM,  Mediastinum,  Mesentery. 

MEDIAS'TINAL,  Mediastina'lis,  {¥.)  3IS- 
diantin.     Relating  to  the  Mediastinum. 

Mediastinal  Arteries  are  very  delicate  arte- 
rial branches,  distributed  in  the  areolar  texture 
of  the  mediastinum.  They  are  distinguished, 
according  to  their  situation,  into  anterior  and 
posterior. 

MEDIASTINITIS,  Mesodmitis. 

MEDIASTI'NUM,  Mediasti' nus,  quasi,  in  me- 
dio utaiis,  as  being  in  the  middle;  Menod'me,  Me- 
dia'nnm,  Ifesotoe'chium,  Mesotre'chnm.,  Septum 
thora'eis,  Hi/men  Diaphrat'ton,  Memhra' na  Dia- 
phralton  seu  thora'cem  internep'iens.  Iiitersepi- 
meii'tum  thora'eis,  Diribito'rium,  Dissipimen'tiim 
thora'eis,  (F.)  Mediastin.  A  membranous  space 
formed  by  the  approximation  of  the  pleura3, 
dividing  the  chest  into  two  parts,  the  one  right, 
the  other  left.  The  mediastinum,  formed  by  a 
double  refiection  of  the  pleura,  extends  from  the 
spine  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum.  Its 
anterior  part,  called  Anterior  mediastinum.  Me- 
diastinum pfctora7e,  lodges,  at  its  upper  part,  the 
thymus  gland  in  the  foetus,  and  is  filled  below 
with  fatty,  areolar  tissue.  Its  posterior  part, 
parallel  to  the  spine,  is  occupied  by  the  oesopha- 
gus, vena  azygos,  thoracic  duct,  the  lower  part 
of  the  windpipe,  the  origin  of  the  bronchia  and  a 
number  of  lymphatic  glands.  This  part  is  called 
the  posterior  mediastinum — Mediastinum  dorsa'le. 

By  some  anatomists,  Mediastinum  is  defined  to 
be  the  pleural  walls  of  the  membranous  space, 
whilst  the  space  itself  is  termed  Cavuni  me- 
diasti'ni. 

Mehiastinuw  Auris,  see  Tympanum  —  m.  Ce- 
rebri, Falx  cerebri,  Septum  lucidum  —  m.  Testis, 
Corpus  Highmori. 

MEDIASTINUS,  Mediastinum. 

MEDICABILIS,  Curable. 

MEDICABLE,  Curable. 

MED'IC^.  Sworn  midwives,  whose  duty  it 
was,  of  old,  to  inspect  women  in  cases  of  suspect- 
ed pregnancy. 

MED'ICAL,  Medica'lis,  lat'ricus,  PcBon'ius, 
PcBon'icns,  Phys'ical  (of  old),  Escnla'pian,  (F.) 
Medical.  Same  etymon  as  Medicament.  Apper- 
taining or  relating  to  medicine  or  to  medicines. 

Medical  Jctrisprudence,  Medicine,  legal — m. 
Man,  Surgeon-Apothecary. 

MEDICALIS.  Medical. 

MED'ICAMENT,  3fedicamen'fum,  Remed'ium, 
Ace'sis,  Aees'nia,  Aces'tium,  Aces'tys,  Althos,  Hy- 
giaa'mn,  la'ma,  Acos,  Medica'men,  Phar'macum, 
Pharmaceti'ma,    Alkar,    Anxil'ium,     Boethe'ma, 


Med'icine,  (old  E.)  Medsine ;  Physic,  Rem'edy> 
Jiem'etic,  (F.)  Bemede;  from  medicor,  medicutus, 
'to  cure  or  heal.'  A  medicine.  Any  substance 
exhibited  with  the  view  of  curing  or  allaying 
morbid  action.  Medicines  are  obtained  from  thq 
three  kingdoms  of  nature,  and  are  divided  into 
internal  and  external,  according  as  they  are  ad- 
ministered internally  or  applied  externally. 

In  common  language,  medicine  is  often  called 
Stuff,  Doctors'  stuff,  and,  in  the  Southern  States, 
Truck. 

MEDICAMENTAL,  Medicinal. 

MEDICAMENTO'SUS  LAPIS,  Medic"inal 
stone,  (P.)  Pierre  medicamenteuse.  A  name  for- 
merly given  to  a  mixture  of  peroxyd  of  iron,  li- 
tharge, alum,  nitre,  sal  ammoniac,  and  vinegar  ■; 
evaporated  and  calcined  at  a  red  heat  for  an 
hour.  The  product  was  regarded  as  eminently 
astringent. 

MEDICAMENTUM,  Drug  — m.  ex  Palmulis, 
Diaphoenicon. 

MEDICAS'TER,  Medicaatra.  An  ignorant 
practitioner.     A  charlatan. 

MEDICA'TION,  31edica'tio.  Same  etymon  as 
Medicament.  The  change  in  the  animal  econpmy 
produced  by  the  operation  of  remedies.  Treat- 
ment by  medicine.  The  act  of  impregnating 
with  some  medicine. 

MEDICATION HYPODERMIQVE,  see  Hy- 
podermic. 

MEDICATRIXA,  latrion. 

MEDICA'TRIX,  same  etymon.  '  Having  the 
power  of  healing.'     A  female  practitioner. 

MEDICI'NA,  Ars  med'ica  seu  Machao'nia  seu 
Machadn'ica,  Res  medica,  lat'rice,  late'ria, 
I'dtri'a,  latri'ne,  PcBos'yne,  Pmon'ice,  latroiech'- 
nice,  Acesto'ria,  Scien'tia  med'ica  seu  medendi, 
Sote'ria  doctri'na,  Med'icine,  (old  E.)  Medsine, 
The  healing  art,  Leech  craft.  Physic,  (F.)  Mede- 
cine.  Same  etymon.  A  science,  the  object  of 
which  is  the  cure  of  disease  and  the  preservation 
of  health.  Occasionally,  it  is  used  to  comprehend 
all  the  branches  of  the  healing  art ;  at  others  to 
comprise  one  great  division,  in  contradistinction 
to  surgery  and  obstetrics.  Medicine,  in  this  sense, 
includes  many  branches  ; — the  chief  of  which  are. 
Anatomy,  Physiology,  Pathology,  Therapeutics, 
Hygiene,  Materia  Medica,  and  Pharmacy. 

Medicina  Conservativa,  Hygiene — m.  Diset- 
etica,  Dietetics  —  m.  Diasostica,  Hygiene  —  m. 
Eclectica,  see  Eclectic — m.  Efficax,  Surgery — m. 
Equaria,  Hippiatria — m.  Euectica,  Gymnastics — 
m.  Forensis,  Medicine,  legal  —  m.  Gymnastica, 
Gymnastics  —  m.  Hermetica,  see  Spagyrists  —  m. 
Judiciaria,  Medicine,  legal — m.  Meclianica,  Kine- 
sipathy,  see  Mechanical — m.  Methodica,  see  Me- 
thodists—  m.  Militaris,  Military  medicine  —  m, 
Operativa,  Surgery  —  m.  Paraeelsistica,  see  Spa- 
gyrists —  m.  Perturbatri.x,  see  Perturbatrix  —  m. 
Politica,  Police,  medical  —  m.  Politico-forensis, 
Medicine,  state  —  m.  Publica,  Medicine,  state  — 
m.  Sinica,  Chinese  medicine— m.  Spag-yrica,  Chy- 
miatria;  see  Spagyrists — m.  State,  Police,  medi- 
cal— m.  Tristitiae,  Crocus — m.  Veterinaria,  Vete- 
rinary art. 

MEDICINABLE,  Medicinal. 

MEDICINAL,  Medicina'lis,  Medicament' al, 
Medic"inable,  Med'ical,  later'ius,  Reme'dial,  Re- 
me'diate,  (F.)  Jledicinal,  3Iedicamenteux.  Same 
etymon.  Having  a  remedial  power;  —  as  medi- 
cinal plants,  &c.     Relating  to  medicine,  as 

Medic"inal  Days,  Medicina'les  Dies.  Days 
on  which  the  ancients  considered  that  remedies 
might  be  administered;  and  especially  evaouants. 
Such  days  were  not  esteemed  critical. 

Medicinal  Hours.  Times  at  which — the  sto- 
mach being  freed  from  its  digestive  actions  — 
medicine,  it  was  thought,  could  be  most  advan- 
tageously administered,  as  in  the  morning  fast- 


MEDICINE 


576 


MEDULLARY 


ing,  an  hour  before  dinner,  some  hours  after  it, 
and  at  bedtime. 

MEDICINE,  Medicament,  Medicina. 

Medicine  is,  also,  used  in  the  same  sense  as 
Medicament,  and  for  a  purging  potion. 

To  Medicine  was  formerly  used  for  "to  restore 
or  cure  by  medicine." 

Medicine  Chest,  Pharmacotheca. 

Medicine,  Clinical,  see  Clinical  —  m.  Eclec- 
tic, see  Eclectic  —  m.  Empirical,  Arcanum  —  m. 
Galenic,  Galenism. 

Medicine,  Legal,  Medical  jurispru'dence  of 
some.  Law  or  Foren'sic  medicine,  3fedici'na  fo- 
ren'sis  seu  judicia'ria,  Diciatri'a,  (¥.)  Ifedecine 
legale.  The  application  of  medical  knowledge  to 
the  solution  of  every  question  connected  with 
the  preservation  of  the  species,  and  the  adminis- 
tration of  justice. 

Medicine,  Patent,  see  Patent  medicine  —  m. 
Political,  Police,  medical — m.  Quack,  Arcanum. 

Medicine  Stamp,  Cachet. 

Medicine,  State,  lledici'na  puVlica  seu  poli- 
tico-foren'sis.  The  medical  knowledge,  brought 
to  bear  on  state  objects,  as  on  public  hygiene, 
and   matters   appertaining  to  medical  jurispru- 

MEDICINAR,  Doctor. 

3IE Die  INTER  GATHARTIQUE,  Jatropha 
curcas. 

MED'ICO  -  CHIRURG"ICAL,  3Ied'{co  -  Ohi- 
rur'gicus.  Pielating  or  appertaining  to  medicine 
and  surgery; — as  ' medico-chirurgical  society.' 

Medico-Chirurgical  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

MEDICO-LEGAL,  Med'ico-lega'lia.  Relating 
to  legal  medicine;  as  'a  wedico-legal  inquiry, 
Inquisit"io  tnedico-lega'lis  —  'a  medico-legal  in- 
spection,' Inspec'tio  med' ico-lega' lis. 

MEDICO-STATISTICAL,  see  Statistics,  me- 
dical. 

MEDICUS,  Doctor,  Physician  —  m.  Equarius, 
Hippiater  —  m.  Ocularis,  Oculist  —  m.  Ophthal- 
micus, Oculist — m.  Unguentarius,  latraleptes  — 
m.  Veterinarius,  Hippiater  —  m.  Vulnerarius,  see 
Deligation — m.  Vulnerum,  Surgeon. 

MEDIM'NUS,  Medim')ws,ij.c&ifivos.  An  ancient 
measure,  capable  of  containing  about  4  pecks  and 
6  pints. 

MEDINOGORDIUS,  Dracunculus. 

MEDITULLIUM,  Diploe. 

MEDIUM  MUSCULI,  see  Muscle  — m.  Ven- 
tris.  Umbilicus. 

MEDIUS,  Middle,  Median. 

Me'dius  Dig"itcs,  Middle  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt 
du  Milieu,  is  between  the  index  and  ring  finger. 

MEDLAR,  Mespilus. 

MED  SINE,  Medicament,  Medicina. 

MEDO,  Hvdromeli. 

MEDOBLENNORRHCEA,  Leucorrhoea. 

MEDORPtHGEA,  Gonorrhoea — m.  Feminarum 
insons,  Leucorrhoea — m.  Virilis,  Gonorrhoea. 

MEDULLA,  Marrow  —  m.  Cerebri,  see  Cere- 
brum —  m.  Dorsalis,  M.  Spinalis  —  m.  Dorsualis, 
M.  Spinalis — m.  Nervorum,  Neurine. 

Medul'la  Oblonga'ta,  Oblong  medul'la,  Cer'- 
ebral  protu'beranee,  Nervous  si/stem  of  the  senses, 
(Gall),  Cer'ebruni  elonga'tum,  (P.)  Mesocephale, 
Mo'elle  allongee,  Mesenvejihale,  (Ch.)  The  medul- 
lary substance  that  lies  within  the  cranium  upon 
the  basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone.  The 
anterior  surface  which  rests  in  the  basilary 
groove,  is  impressed  by  the  basilary  artery.  At 
the  upper  extremity,  and  on  its  posterior  surface 
are  the  Tubercula  quadrigemina.  At  the  same 
extremity,  the  medulla  gives  rise  to  two  prolon- 
gations, the  peduncles  of  the  brain,  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  mammillary  eminences,  and 
becoming  lost  in  the  optic  thalami.  The  lower 
extremity  is  called  the  tail  or  Rachid'ian  bulb, 
Bulbus  medull'm  spina'lis  seu   rachid'icus,   (F.) 


Bulbe  rachidien,  and  is  continuous  with  the  me- 
dulla spinalis.  It  is  to  this  part  only  that  some 
anatomists  apply  the  name  Medulla  oblongata. 
From  the  posterior  angles  two  other  prolongations 
arise,  called  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum.  The 
medulla  oblongata  has  several  eminences  —  the 
Pons  varolii,  Corpora  pyramidalia,  C.  oUvaria, 
<tc. — and  it  has  a  longitudinal  fissure  before,  and 
another  behind,  called  the  anterior  and  jjosterior 
median  fissures.  The  vesicular  neurine  in  the 
centre  of  the  medulla  is  the  nervous  centre  of 
respiration  and  deglutition :  hence  it  has  been 
called  centrum  vita'le. 

Medulla.  Ossiom,  Marrow  —  m.  Spinse,  M. 
spinalis. 

Medul'la  Spina'lis  seu  Spines  seu  dorsua'lis 
seu  vertebra'lis  seu  dorsa'lis,  Corda  spina'lis, 
Funis  argen'teus,  Rhache'trum,  My'elus,  M.  rha- 
chi'tes  seu  notice'us  seu  diauche'nius  seu  psoi'tes, 
My'eloi),  Notomy' elus,  Rhachi'tes,  ^on,  Proces' - 
sus  rachidia'mis.  Sacra  fis' tula,  Spinal  prolonga'- 
tioH,  Ver'tebral  marrow,  Spinal  cord  or  marroic, 
Nervous  system  of  voluntary  motion  and  tactile 
impression  (Gall),  (F.)  3Ioelle  epiniere,  Mo'elle 
vertebrale,  called  by  Ch.,  Prolongement  rachidien 
of  the  encephalon,  is  the  continuation  of  the  me- 
dulla oblongata.  It  commences  at  the  foramen 
magnum  of  the  occipital  bone,  and  descends  in 
the  vertebral  canal  as  low  as  the  2d  lumbar  ver- 
tebra, without  filling  it;  presenting,  in  its  course, 
several  evident  enlargements.  It  is  grooved  on 
both  its  anterior  and  posterior  surfaces  by  a  fur- 
row, which  divides  it,  in  its  whole  length,  into 
two  great  nervous  cords,  intimately  united  with 
each  other.  It  terminates  by  an  oval  tubercle, 
whence  a  number  of  nerves  set  out  called  Cauda 
equi'na,  (F.)  Queue  de  cheval,  from  its  resem- 
blance to  a  horse's  tail.  The  spinal  marrow  has 
no  analogy,  as  regards  its  structure,  with  the 
marrow  of  long  bones.  It  is  formed  of  two  sub- 
stances; one  white,  the  other  gray,  presenting 
an  inverse  arrangement  to  that  which  they  have 
in  the  brain,  the  white  being  external,  the  cine- 
ritious  at  the  centre,  Substan'tia  gri'sea  centra'- 
lis.  It  is  enveloped  by  a  yellowish,  fibrous  mem- 
brane, very  resisting,  which  seems  to  be  continued 
insensibly  from  the  pia  mater,  and  by  two  other 
membranes,  which  are  merely  prolongations  of 
the  arachnoid  and  dura  mater.     See  Nerve. 

Medulla  Vertebralis,  M.  spinalis. 

MEDULLA,  Sperm. 

MED'ULLARY,  3IeduUa'ris,  (F.)  Medullaire, 
from  medulla,  '  marrow.'  Relating  to  the  marrow, 
or  analogous  to  marrow. 

Medullary  Ar'teries.  The  arteries,  which 
enter  bones  and  pass  to  the  marrow. 

Medullary  Canal,  see  Canal,  medullary  — 
m.  Cells,  see  Medullary  Membrane  —  m.  Juice, 
Marrow — m.  Matter  of  the  brain,  see  Cerebrum. 

Medullary  Membrane, Per!o«'<e(«»i  Inter'num, 
Endos'teum.  A  vascular,  areolar  web  of  extreme 
tenuity,  which  envelops  the  marrow  and  lines  the 
inner  surface  of  the  medullary  canal  of  the  long 
bones.  This  membrane  has  been  considered  as 
a  species  of  internal  periosteum  of  those  bones. 
It  has  numerous  vessels,  which  bury  themselves 
in  the  thickness  of  the  marrow;  and  others  which 
nourish  the  innermost  plates  of  the  bone.  The 
cells  formed  by  it  are  termed  Cel'lulce  seu  Sac'- 
culr  medulla'res. 

Medullary  Neurine,  see  Neurine  —  m.  Sar- 
coma, Encephaloid,  Hsematodes  fungus. 

Medullary  Substance  of  the  Kidney,  see 
Kidney — m.  s.  of  Schwann,  see  Nerve-fibre. 

Medullary  System.  Bichat  gives  this  name 
to  the  marrow  and  its  membranes.  He  distin- 
guishes two  species  of  medullary  systems ;  the 
one  occupies  the  cellular  tissue  at  the  extremities 
of  the  long  bones  and  that  of  the  flat  and  short 


MEDULLITIS 


577 


MELANAGOGUE 


bones ;  the  other  is  found  merely  in  the  central 
canal  of  long  bones. 

Medullary  Tomour  of  the  Lungs,  Phthisis, 
cancerous. 

MEDULLI'TIS,  Myelitis.  M.  Gerdy  uses  Me- 
dullite  for  inflammation  of  the  marrow  of  bones, 
Osteomt/eli'tii.  —  Ifijelitis  being  usually  appro- 
priated to  inflammation  of  the  spinal  marrow. 
MEERAN,  Caucus  carota. 
MEGALANTHROPOGEN'ESIS,  from  fityag, 
lityaXri,  'great,'  av-SpuToj,  'man,'  and  ycveai;, 
'  birth.'  A  term  used  by  a  French  physician, 
named  Robert,  to  designate  the  art  of  procreating 
great  men  ;  men  of  mind ;  men  of  genius.  He 
considered  that  they  may  be  perpetuated  by 
always  taking  care  to  have  talented  men  united 
to  clever  women  ! 

MEGALOCAR'DIA, from  ft£ya;,ff£yaXj7, 'great,' 
and  KapSia,  'heart.'  The  state  of  having  a  very 
large  heart. 

MEGALOCOELIA,  Intestine,  great,  Mcgalo- 
splanehnia. 

MEGALOMEL'IA,  from  ixcyag, neyaXv,  'great,' 
and  iieXos,  '  a  limb.'  A  monstrosity  characterized 
by  very  large  limbs. 

MEGALOPHO'NIA,  from  ixeya;,  ^tyoKv, 
'great,'  and  tixavn,  'voice.'  The  condition  of 
having  a  full,  strong  voice. 

MEGALOPHTHAL'MUS.  from  jieya^,  jitynXv, 
'great,'  and  ocpQaXfiog,  'eye.'  A  congenital  de- 
formity, in  which  the  eye  is  inordinately  large. 
MEGALOPUS,  Macropodus. 
MEGALOSPLANCH'NUS,  from  ^leya;,  jityaU, 
'  great,'  and  airXayx^vov,  '  a  viscus.'  ilecjaJocoe'Ua. 
Hippocrates  applies  the  epithet  to  those  in  whom 
a  viscus,  or  the  viscera,  are  tumid.  Some  have 
used  the  substantive  Merjalosplanch'nia  for  the 
tumour  itself. 

MEGALOSPLENIA,  Splenoncus. 
MEGETHOS,  Stature. 
MEGRIM,  Hemicrania. 

MEIBO'MIUS,  GLANDS  OF,  FoVUcles  of  3L, 
Palpebral  or  Cil'iary  Fol'licles,  GlanrhdcB  se- 
bn'cecB  cilia'res  seu  Ifeibomia'ncB,  Intestin' ula 
Me.ibo'inii,  Lacn'vm  palpebra'i-Hm,  (F.)  Follicules 
palpebraux  ou  ciliairen,  Glandes  de  Mfeibnmiiis. 
Small,  sebaceous  follicles,  called  after  Henry 
Meibomius,  although  known  long  before  his  de- 
scription of  them.  They  are  situate  in  special 
grooves  in  the  tarsal  cartilages ;  and  are  ranged 
by  the  side  of  each  other,  in  the  form  of  yellowish, 
parallel,  and  vertical  lines;  sometimes  straight, 
at  others,  tortuous.  They  may  be  seen  at  the 
inner  surface  of  the  eyelids,  through  the  conjunc- 
tiva, and  secrete  a  sebaceous  humour,  called 
Lippitn'do,  Gum,  (F.)  Chassie. 

MEIO'SIS,  Meo'eis,  Mio'sis,  Immvnu'tio,  Mi- 
nuthe'sis,  Minilho'sis,  from  ficiou),  'I  lessen.'  The 
period  of  a  disease,  in  which  the  symptoms  begin 
to  diminish;  —  the  decline.  Remission.  Also, 
idiotism. 

MEIUROS,  Decurtatus,  Myurus. 
MEKILWORT,  Atropa  belladonna. 
MEL,  3IeU,  Nili'acum,  Honey,  (F.)  Mieh  A 
substance  of  a  muco-saccharine  nature,  prepared 
by  the  Apis  melUf'ica,  or  common  bee,  which 
collects  it  from  the  nectaries  of  flowers.  Honey 
is  employed  as  aliment,  condiment,  and  medicine. 
It  is  demulcent  and  aperient;  and  is  prescribed 
as  an  adjunct  to  gargles  in  cynanche  tonsillaris, 
Ac.  It  is,  at  times,  used  as  a  detergent  to  foul 
ulcers.  Virgin  Honey,  Mel  vir'ginum  seu  vir- 
gin'eum,  (F.)  Miel  vierge,  is  that  which  flows 
from  the  wax  spontaneously. 

Hill's  Balsam  ok  Honey  is  formed  of  balsam 
of  tolu.  Ibj,  honey,  Ibj,  rectified  spirit,  one  gallon. 
It  was  long  a  celebrated  empirical  pectoral. 

Honey  Water  is   a  mixture   of  essences  co- 
loured with  saffron.     A  little  honey  is  added  to 
37 


communicate  a  clamminess ;  the  effect  of  which 
is  to  make  it  retain  the  scent  the  longer.  It  is 
used  as  a  scent. 

Mel  Acetatum,  Oxymel  —  m.  Jj]gyptiacum, 
^gyptiacum  —  m.  Aerium,  Fraxinus  ornus  —  m. 
Arundinaceum,  Saecharum. 

Mel  Bora'cis,  31.  eubbora'eia  seu  boraxa'tum, 
Colluto'rium  adstrin'gens,  Linimen'tum  de  Bora' ce 
seu  ad  apJithas,  Linctus  de  Bora'ce  seu  ad  aph- 
thas,  Honey  of  Borax,  Ilellite  de  borax,  Miel 
borate.  (Boracis  contrit.  3J>  mellis  despumati  3J> 
Ph.  L.)  Detergent.  Applied  to  the  mouth  in 
aphthous  affections. 

Mel  CanNjE,  Saecharum  (non  purificatum) — ■ 
m.  Coctum,  Pelicide. 

Mel  Despuma'tum,  N.  Depnrn'tnm,  C/ar'ified 
Honey,  Anaphrom'eli,  (F.)  3fiel  Clarifie  ou  de- 
spume  ou  depxiri,  ilellite  simple,  Sirop  de  miel. 
Melt  the  honey  in  a  water-bath,  and  remove  the 
scum.     Uses  the  same  as  honey. 

Mel  Ros^,  3L  rosa'tum,  MeUi'tiim  de  Itosis, 
Bhodom'eli,  Bhodostac'ton,  Honey  of  Roses,  (P.) 
3Iiel  rosat,  ilellite  de  Roses.  [Rosce  gnllic.  _^ij, 
aqucB  bullient.  f^xij,  mellis  despnm.  f ^sx.  Ma- 
cerate the  roses  in  i^  viij  of  boiling  water  for  four 
hours  ;  press  out  as  much  fluid  as  possible  and 
set  aside.  Macerate  the  residue  in  f^iv  of  boil- 
ing water  for  half  an  hour,  and  again  express. 
Reserve  f^iv  of  the  first  infusion  ;  mix  the  re- 
mainder with  the  infusion  last  obtained  ;  add  the 
honey,  and  evaporate  to  a  pint.  Lastly,  add  the 
reserved  infusion,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  As- 
tringent and  detergent.  Used  chiefly  in  gargles 
and  washes  for  aphthae,  &c. 

Mel  Scill^,  Oxymel  scillae  —  m.  Scilla  com- 
positum,  Syrupus  scillee  compositus. 

Mel  Vinosum,  (Enomel  —  m.  Virginum,  see 
Mel. 

MEL^'NA,  3Telanorrhag"ia,  3Te7cpnorrhag"ia, 
3IelcB'no-diarrh<x'a,  Ic'terus  niger,  3hlanchlo'rns, 
3Ielanic'teriis,  3felas  Ic'terus,  3felanism'iis,  31or- 
bus  niger  seu  niger  Hippoc'ratis,  Enterorrhce'a, 
Black  Jaundice,  (F.)  3feleiia,  Jlelene,  3Ielas- 
ictere,  3Ialadie  noire,  3Ieline,  Ictere  noire  ;  from 
jit\ag,  fii\avoi,  'black.'  A  name  given  to  vomit- 
ing of  black  matter,  ordinarily  succeeded  by 
evacuations  of  the  same  character.  It  seems  to 
be  often  a  variety  of  hffimatemesis.  The  Black 
Vomit  in  yellow  fever  is  owing  to  a  morbid  secre- 
tion from  the  lining  membrane  of  the  stomach 
and  small  intestines  mixed  with  blood.  Melsena 
also  signifies  hemorrhage  from  the  intestines; 
Fluxus  sple'nicus,  Dysenter'ia  sple'nica,  Dejec- 
tio'nes  nigrcs,  Seces'sus  niger,  Hem'orrhage  from 
the  Intes'tines. 

Mel^na  Fungosa  Carcinodes,  Hsematodes 
fungus. 

MEL^NODIARRHCEA,  Melajna. 
MELiENOGO'GUS,from//£Xa<;,jU£Xavof.' black,' 
and  ayu),  'I  drive  away.'    A  medicine  believed  to 
be  capable  of  expelling  atrabilis  or  '  black  bile.' 
MELiENORRHAGIA,  Mela3na. 
3IELAINE,  see  Choroidea  tunica. 
MELALEU'CA    CAJAPU'TI,   31.  3Iinor  seu 
Leucoden'dron,    3Tyrtus     Leucaden'dron,     Lepto- 
spermum  Leucnden'drum.    Ord.  Myrtaceae.     "This 
plant  affords  the  Cajeput  Oil,  (see  Caieput.)    The 
leaves  are  esteemed  diuretic,  stomachic,  and  em- 
menagogue. 

Melaleuca  Leucodendron,  M.  Cajaputi  — 
m.  Minor.  M.  Cajaputi. 

MELAMPHO'NUS,  from  jic\ai,  'obscure,'  and 
^avn,  'voice.'    Having  a  hoarse  or  indistinct  voice. 
MELAMPHYLLUM,  Acanthus  mollis. 
MELAMPODE,  Helleborus  niger. 
MELAMPODIUM,  Helleborus  niger. 
MELANOMA,  Sufl"ocation. 
MELAN^MIA,  Venosity. 
MEL'ANAGOGUE,  3Ielanago'gus,  from  ^eX<if, 


MELANCHLORUS 


578 


MELEGUETTA 


p£>avoj,  'Mack,'  and  ay(o,  'I  expel.'  A  medicine 
which  the  ancients  believed  adapted  for  expelling 
black  bile  or  melancholy. 

MELA]SrCHLO'RUS,  from  iieXai,  fxcXavoi, 
'black,'  and  x^^^'P"^'  'green.'  The  ancients  gave 
this  name  to  certain  dark-coloured  topical  reme- 
dies.    See  Melasna. 

MELANCHOLE,  Atrabilis. 

MELANCHOLIA,  Melancholy —  m.  Autochi- 
rica,  Suicide  —  m.  Errabunda,  Cuttubuth,  Kutu- 
lauth — m.  Flatuosa,  Hypochondriasis — m.  Hypo- 
chondriaca,  Hypochondriasis — m.  Nervea,  Hypo- 
chondriasis—  m.    Pleonectica,    see     Pleonectica 

—  m.   Saltans,    Chorea  —  m.  Suicidium,   Suicide 

—  m.  Uterina,  Nymphomania  —  m.  Zoanthropia, 
Melancholy. 

MEL'ANCHOLIC,  MelancTioUieiis,  MeJan'cho- 
Ins,  MeJanclwlo'des,  (Se.)  Dram,  Brvm,  (F.)  J/e- 
laveolique,  from  /^eXaf,  iieXavos,  'black,'  and  X"^"?' 
'bile.'  One  labouring  under  melancholy.  That 
■which  belongs  or  relates  to  melancholy.  In 
popular  language,  one  of  a  gloomy  disposition. 
MELAXCHOLINESS,  Melancholy. 
MELANCHOLODES,  Melancholic. 
MELANCHOLUS,  Melancholic. 
MEL'ANCHOLY,  Melancho'lia,  same  etymon. 
Lypema'nin,  Ecphro'nia  Melancho'h'a,  Mania 
MelancJio'liea  sen  3felancho'lia,  Tristema'nia, 
Baryth'mia,  ITi/polepsioma'nia,  Anoe'sia  adsiric'- 
ta,  Fixn'tio  mnnnnce'a,  llel'anchoUness,  (Sc.)  Dis- 
mal;  (F.)  3felaricolie,  Lyperojihrenie.  Same 
etymon.  A  disease  supposed,  by  the  ancients,  to 
be'  caused  by  black  bile.  A  variety  of  mental 
alienation,  characterized  by  excessive  gloom, 
mistrust,  and  depression,  generally,  -with  insanity 
on  one  particular  subject  or  train  of  ideas,  Ifono- 
nia'nia,  Mo)iomci'ria.  Panophohia,  Demonomania, 
Erntomnnia,  Nostalgia,  &a.,  may  be  referred  to 
this  head. 

Melanclioly  is  also  used  for  unusual  gloominess 
of  disposition. 

Melanchoiy,  Erotic,  Erotomania  —  m.  Love, 
Erotomania. 

MELAN'CHRUS,  Melan'ocTirm,  from  ixe\a?, 
ficXavoi:,  'black,'  and  XP*^?»  '^  colour.'  One  at- 
tacked Tvith  black  jautfdice.  Supposed,  by  some, 
to  be  an  abbreviation  of  Melanchlorus. 

2IELAXC0LIE,  Melancholy. 

MELANCOLIQ UE.  Melancholic. 

MELAXEPHRIDOSIS,  Sudor  Anglicus  niger. 

MELANGE  PECTORAL,  Mistura  aeidi  hy- 
drocyanici. 

MELAN'IC.  iMnn'iciis,  Ifelannt'ic,  Melanot'- 
iciis,  (F.)  Melnne ;  from  iie\ag,  ficXavos,  'black.' 
Of  or  belonging  to  Melanosis  ;  —  as  Melanic 
deposit,  a  black  colouring  matter  deposited  from 
the  blood  under  special  circumstances;  —  see 
Melanosis. 

MELANIC  DEPOSIT,  Melanosis. 

MELANICTERUS,  Melasna. 

MELANIENNES,  (Taches),  Nrevus. 

MELANfNE,  see  Choroidea  tunica. 

MELANTSME,  Melanismus. 

MELANISMUS.  Melsena.  M.  L  G.  St.  Hi- 
laire  employs  the  terra  Melanisme,  for  the  change 
of  coloration  of  the  skin  in  which  the  pigment  is 
of  a  deeper  hue  and  in  greater  quantity  than 
natural. 

MELANOCARCINOMA,  Cancer,  melanotic. 

MELANOCHRUS,  Melanchrus. 

MELANOMA,  Melanosis  —  m.  Pulmonum,  see 
Melanosis. 

MELANOMYCES,  Melanospongus. 

MELANOPATHI'A,  from  yfAaj.  ixtXavo^, 
'black,'  and  ira9o?,  'affection.'  Ni'gritism,  Ni- 
grit"te8.     A  disease  of  the  skin,  which  consists 


in  augmentation  of  black  pigment;  generally  in 
patches. 

MELANOPHTMA,  Ergot. 
MELANOPIPER,  Piper  nigrum. 
MELANOPNEUMON,  see  Melanosis. 
MELANORRHAGIA,  Melfena, 
MELANORRHIZUM,  Helleborus  niger. 
MELANOSE,  Melanosis. 

MELANO'SIS,  Melan'sis,  3Ielano'ma,  Nigritu'- 
do,  (F.)  Degeneresceiice  noire,  Melanose ;  from 
IJE)\a;, /iiXavos,  'black.'  An  organic  affection,  in 
which  the  tissue  of  the  parts  is  converted,  owing 
to  a  melan'ic  deposit,  into  a  black,  hard,  homo- 
geneous substance,  near  which  ulcers  or  cavities 
may  form  ;  —  owing  to  the  softening,  either  of 
the  substance  itself,  or  of  some  other  morbid 
tissue,  —  of  tubercles  especially.  This  morbific 
change  affects  the  lungs  particularly  ;  when  it  is 
called  Melano'eis  seu  Melano'ma  seu  Anthraco'sis 
Pulmo'>inm,3Ielanopneu'mo7i,  Nigritu'do  welanot'- 
ica,  Melan'sis  Pulmonum,  Pneumonomelano'sis, 
Black  tubercle,  (F.)  Melanose  Pulmonaire.  It  is, 
also,  met  with  in  the  liver  and  areolar  texture. 
Its  causes  are  very  obscure.  Melanosis  of  the 
lungs  constitutes  one  of  the  species  of  phthisis 
of  Bayle ;  but  it  is  impossible  to  distinguish  it 
from  the  other  species  during  life. 

In  the  classification  of  Fuchs,  Melanosen 
(G.)  forms  a  family  of  diseases. 

The  deposition  of  melanic  matter  in  the  tissues 
is  not  necessarily  connected  with  malignant  dis- 
ease.    See  Cancer,  melanotic. 

Melanosis    Pulmoxuji,    see    Melanosis  —  m. 
Universalis,  Venositv. 
MELANOSMEGMA,  see  Sapo. 
M  E  L  A  N  0  S  P  0  N'G  U  S,  Melanomj/'ces,  from 
Ijtr^ag,    ixeXavo;,    'black,'    and     CTroyyos,    'SI)onge.' 
The  tuberiform  variety  of  melanosis  of  the  lungs. 
MELANOTIC,  Melanic  —  m.  Cancer,  Cancer, 
melanotic. 

MEL'ANOTHRIX,  Atricapill'vs,  (F.)  Melano- 
trique,  from  litkas,  'black,'  and  •&/)i|,  'hair.' 
Having  black  hair. 

MELANSIS,  Melanosis  —  m.  Pulmonum,  Me- 
lanosis pulmonum. 

MELANTHIUM,  Nigella,  M.  Virginicum— m. 
MuscEetoxicum,  Amianthum  muscsetoxicum. 

Melan'thic3I  Virgo'ictim,  Melanthium,  Lei- 
man'thium  Virgin'icvm,  Qunfadil ;  indigenous ; 
Order,  Melanthacese,  flowering  in  July,  is  said  to 
be  a  sure  but  severe  remedy  for  itch. 

MELAS,  Lepra  nigricans  —  m.  Icterus,  Me- 
lasna. 

MELAS'MA,  Ecchymo'ma  Melas'ma,  Nigror, 
from  /itXag,  'black.'  A  black  spot  or  ecchymosis. 
occurring  on  the  lower  extremities  of  old  pettple 
I  especially.  Also  a  cutaneous  affection  analogous 
;  to  chloasma,  differing  from  it  only  in  the  dark 
colour  of  the  morbid  pigment.  It  is  also  called 
Pityri'asis  nigra. 

MELAS'SES,  Molas'ses,  Melus'tum,  Theriacn 
cnwmu'nis,  Syr'npus  empyrenmat'icus  seu  niger, 
Sac'chnri  FcBx,  Treacle,  (Old  Eng.)  Triacle  ;  from 
//eAi,  'honey,'  or  from  neXa;,  'black.'  The  syrup, 
which  remains  after  the  juice  of  the  sugar-cane 
has  been  subjected  to  all  the  operations  for  ex- 
tracting sugar  from  it.  In  the  United  States,  the 
syrup,  made  in  the  process  of  forming  common 
sugar,  is  called  mel asses ;  that  remaining  after 
the  refinement  of  sugar  being  termed  sugar-house 
melasses  or  treacle. 

Mklasses  Spirit,  Rum. 

MELATROPH'IA.  from  /i£>o?,  'a  limb,'  and 
arpui'ia.  'wasting.'     Wasting  of  the  limbs. 

MELCA.  fit^Ka.     Food  made  of  milk,  coagu- 
lated bv  boiling  vinegar. 
MELE,  Specillum. 
MELEA.  Pyrus  malus. 
MELEGUJETTA,  Amomum  grana  paradisL 


MELEIOS 


579 


MELLITUM 


MELEI'OS,  liJjXetos,  Meli'nns,  Melias.  A  spe- 
cies of  alum  found  in  the  island  of  Melos. 

MELENA,  Meieena. 

MELENE,  Melaena. 

MELEZE,  Pinus  larix. 

MELI,  Mel. 

MBLIA,  Fraxinus  ornus. 

Me'lia  Azed'arach,  Azedara'cJia  amoe'na, 
Poison  Berry  Tree,  Azed'arach,  Pride  of  India 
or  of  China,  Pride  tree.  Hop  tree.  Bead  tree. 
Nat.  Ord.  Meliaceae ;  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  The  bark  of  the  root — called  in  India 
Neejn  Bark,  Azedarach,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  usually- 
given  in  decoction,  in  the  proportien  of  three  or 
four  ounces  of  the  bark  of  the  fresh  root  to  a 
quart  of  water,  boiled  down  to  a  pint.  The  dose 
is  one  or  two  table-spoonfuls,  every  two  or  three 
hours,  till  purging  is  induced.  It  is  given  in  this 
manner  as  an  anthelmintic.  It  is  sometimes 
formed  into  an  ointment,  and  used  in  tinea 
capitis.  The  tree  is  a  native  of  Syria,  Persia, 
and  the  north  of  India,  and  is  abundant  in  the 
southern  states  of  the  Union. 

MuLiA  Terra,  Greta. 

MELIAN'THUS  MAJOR,  Nat.  Ord.  Zygo- 
phylle^.  A  south  African  plant,  a  def^oetion  of 
whose  leaves  is  a  good  external  remedy  in  tinea 
capitis,  crusta  serpiginosa,  necrosis  and  foul 
ulcers.  It  is  also  useful  as  a  gargle  and  lotion 
in  sore  throat  and  diseases  of  the  gums.  The 
bruised  leaves  applied  to  ulcers  promote  granu- 
lation. 

MELICBRA,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICERIA,  Hydrarthrus,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICE'RIS,  3felifa'vinm,  from  tit\i,  'honey,' 
and  KTjpas,  '  wax.'  Emphy'ma  encys'tis  melice'ris. 
An  encysted  tumour  filled  with  a  substance  re- 
sembling honey.     Also,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELIC'EROUS,  Melicer' itoua  :  same  etymon. 
Having  the  characters  of  melieeris, — as  a  melice- 
roua  tumour. 

MELICERUM,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICHEI'UM,  from  /keAi,  'honey,'  and  ■xt'->, 
'I  pour  out.'  A  honey-like  discharge  from  an 
ulcer. 

MELICRATUM,  Hydromeli. 

MELIFAVIUM,  Melieeris,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELIGEI'ON,  from  //cXi,  'honey.'  A  fetid 
humour  of  the  consistence  of  honey,  discharged 
from  ulcers,  accompanied  with  caries  of  a  bone. 

JfELTLOT,  Trifolium  melilotus. 

MELILOTUS,  Trifolium  melilotus. 

MELIME'LUM,  from  //cXt,  'honey,' and  ixrjXov, 
'an  apple.'  A  name  given  to  two  compounds: — 
one  of  honey  and  quince,  the  other  of  honey  and 
apples. 

MELINE,  Melsena. 

MELINI  SULPHAS,  Cadmii  sulphas. 

MELI'NUM,  nTi\ivov.  The  ancient  name  of  an 
ointment,  and  of  several  plasters,  described  by 
Dioscorides  and  Galen :  so  called  from  their  re- 
sembling the  nrt\ov  or  quince  in  colour. 

Melinum  Sulphuricum,  Cadmii  sulphas. 

MELINUS,  Meleios. 

jr^LWLjS,  Mellitum. 

MELIPHYLLUM,  Melissa. 

MELIS'SA,  from  fisAio-o-a,  '  a  bee,*  because  bees 
gather  honey  from  it.  31.  offieina'lia  sen  Roma'- 
na  seu  hirsu'ta  seu  cit'rina  seu  citra'ta.  seu  hor- 
ten'sis,  Citra'yo,  Citra'ria,  Melitei'a,  ileliwoV- 
otos,  Melitm'na,  ilelissohot' anum,  Ilelissophyl'- 
lum,  ATelijihyl'lum,  Mentha  citra'ta,  3felit'tis, 
Cedronel'la,  Apias'trum,  Ero'tion,  Balm,  (F.) 
Jfelisse,  La  Citronelle,  Celine;  Nat.  Ord.  La- 
biatse.  The  leaves  of  balm,  Melissa  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  have  a  pleasant  odour ;  and  an  austere 
and  aromatic  taste.  Balm  was  formerly  much 
used  in  nervous  diseases,  but  is  now  only  em- 


ployed when  made  into  tea,  as  a  diluent,  in  fe-  ■ 
brile  affections.  It  is  the  basis  of  a  celebrated 
preparation, — the  Eau  des  Cannes. 

Melissa  Calamin'tha,  Calami n'tha,  C.  vxdga'- 
ris  seu  offidna'non  seu  yraiidijlu'ra,  Thymus  ca- 
lamin' tha,Cal' amint ,  Nespite,  (F.)  Calament.  This 
plant  smells  like  wild  mint,  though  more  agree- 
ably. It  is  used,  popularly,  as  a  tea  in  dyspep- 
sia; flatulent  colic  j  hysteria;  uterine  obstruc- 
tions, &c. 

Melissa  Canariensis,  Dracocephaluni  Cana- 
riense — ra.  Citrata,  Melissa — m.  Citriua,  Melissa 
— m.  Clinopodiuin,  Clinopodium  vulgare. 

Melissa  Grantufi.o'ra,  Thymus  glandijlo'rus, 
Calamin'tha  vxii/ikj  jlure,  C.  iiionta'na.  Mountain 
Cal'aniiiit.  This  plant  resembles  the  last  in 
virtues. 

Melissa  IIirsuta,  Melissa  —  m.  Ilnrtensis, 
Melissa — m.  Huuiilis,  Melittis  melissophyllum. 

Melissa  Is'ep'eta,  Thymus  nep'eta  seu  multi- 
flo'rns,  Calamin'tha  An' fflica  seu  Pale'gii  odo're 
seu  nep'eta  seu  parviflo'ra  seu  trichot'oma,  Nep'- 
eta agres'tis,  Field  Cal'amiut,  Spotted  Oal'amiiit. 
Formerly  used  as  an  aromatic. 

Melissa  Officinalis,  Melissa  —  m,  Pulegioi- 
des,  Hedeoma — m.  Romana,  Melissa — m.  Tragi, 
Melittis  melissophyllum  —  m.  Turcica,  Dracoce- 
phalum  Canariense. 

IfELISSE  DES  BOIS,  Melittis  melissophyl- 
lum—  m.  de  Moldavie,  Dracocephalum  Canari- 
ense. 

MELISSOBOTANUM,  Melissa. 

MELISSOBOTOS,  Melissa. 

MELISSOPHYLLUM,  Melissa,  Melittis  melis- 
sophyllum. 

MELISSOT,  Melittis  melissophyllum. 

MELIT^'MIA.  Melitha' mia,  from  ^t\i, 
'honey,'  and  'ai\ia,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  the 
circulating  fluid,  in  which  it  contains  an  unusual 
quantity  of  saccharine  matter. 

MELIT^NA,  Melissa. 

MELITAGRE,  Impetigo. 

MELITEIA,  Melissa. 

MELITH^MIA,  Melitsemia. 

MELITHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsieana. 

MELITHYPERURIA,  Diabetes. 

MELI'TIS,  Inflanima'tio  gena ;  from  ixtj^ov, 
'  the  cheek,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  cheek. 

MELITITES,  Hydromeli. 

MELITTA,  Bee. 

MELITTIS,  Melissa. 

Melit'tis  Melissophtl'lujt,  La'mium  monta'~ 
nam,  Melissa  hu'milia  seu  sylves'tris  seu  Tragi, 
La'mium  Plin'ii,  3felissophyl'lum,  Bastard  Balm, 
(F.)  Melisse  des  Bois,  MSlissot.  Ord.  Labiatae. 
This  plant  was  formerly  employed,  like  the  balm, 
in  uterine  obstructions. 

Melittis  Sylvestris,  M.  Melissophyllum. 

MELITURIA,  Urine,  diabetic,  see  Diabetes. 

MELI'TUS,  Melli'tus,  from  mel,  '  honey.'  Ap- 
pertaining to  honey.     Of  the  nature  of  honey. 

MELIZO'MUM,  from  ^eXi,  'honey,'  and  ^wf/oj, 
'broth  ;'  3Iead,  3Ielli'na,  3Ietheg'lin,  (Prov.)  3Iul- 
lin.     A  drink  prepared  with  honey. 

MELLA'GO,  from  mel,  'honey.'  Any  medi- 
cine having  the  consistence  of  honey.     A  fluid 

MELLTCRATUM,  Hydromeli. 

MELLIFAVIUM,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELLINA,  Melizomum. 

3IELLITE  DE  BORAX,  Mel  boraeis— m.  de 
Roses,  Mel  rosas — m.  Simple,  Mel  despumatum. 

MELLI'TUM,  from  mel,  'honey.'  (F.)  3Iifl 
me'dicinal,  JJydromelle,  Saccharole  liquide,  3fSli- 
ole.     A  prepared  honey  : — a  medicated  honey. 

Mellitdm  de  Acetate  Cupri,  Linimentuiu 
wUruginis. 


MELLITUS 


580 


MEMBRANA 


Mellitum  de  Meecubia'li  Compos'itum,  (F.) 
Miel  de  mereuriale  comjwse,  Syrop  de  longue  vie. 
(Slice,  purif.  merciirialia  Ibij,  boraginis,  anchuscB 
officinalis,  aa  tbss,  iris  pseudacori  radicia  recent. 
5ij,  rad.  sice.  gentiancB  ^j,  mellia  Ibiij,  vini  alhi 
5xiij.  Macerate  the  bruised  roots  in  the  wine 
for  24  hours  ;  strain  ;  mix  the  juices  and  honey  ; 
boil  slightly,  and  filter;  then  add  the  two  liquors, 
and  boil  to  the  consistence  of  syrup.  Ph.  P.) 
Cathartic,  stomachic,  &c. 

Mellitum  de  Rosis,  Mel  rosfe. 

Mellitum  Simplex,  Syr'upua  de  Melle,  Syrup 
of  Honey.  (Mellia  Ibvj,  aquce  Ibiss,  carbonat. 
calcia.  praparat.  ,^iij.  Mix  the  honey,  water, 
and  carbonate  of  lime  in  a  silver  vessel :  boil  the 
mixture,  stirring,  at  the  same  time,  for  2  or  3 
minutes  :  then  add  prepared  animal  charcoal ^vj, 
two  lohitea  of  eggs,  mixed  in  a  pint  of  water.  Mix 
all,  and  boil  to  the  consistence  of  syrup  :  remove 
from  the  fire;  let  the  syrup  rest  for  15  minutes, 
and  pass  through  a  cloth.     Ph.  P.)     Demulcent. 

MELLITUS,  Melitus. 

MBLOiE'MIA,  from  /ucXas,  'black,'  and  'ai/xa, 
'blood.'  A  state  of  blood,  characterized  by  its 
incoagulability,  black  colour,  and  septic  pro- 
perties. 

MELOCHI'TIS,  Lapis  Arme'nius,  Armeni'tes, 
Arme'nian  Stone.  A  variety  of  blue  carbonate 
of  copper.  It  is  found  in  Germany,  the  Tyrol, 
and  especially  in  Armenia.  It  was  formerly  em- 
ployed as  a  cardiac,  and  as  proper  for  purging 
away  melancholy. 

MELODID'YMUS,  from  fieXoi,  'a  limb,'  and 
k&viio;,  'double.'     A  double  member  or  limb. 

MELOB  MAJALIS,  see  Cantharis. 

Melob  Niger,  M.  Pennsylvan'icus  ;  Class,  In- 
secta;  Ord.  Coleoptera.  A  blistering  fly,  native 
of  the  United  States.  It  feeds  upon  Prunel'la 
vulga'ria  or  Self-heal,  and  Ambro'sia  trif'ida  or 
Stick-weed.  These  flies  resemble  the  Spanish 
flies  in  properties. 

Meloe  Pennsylvanicus,  M.  niger. 

Meloe  ProscaraBjE'us,  Cantarel'lus,  was 
anciently  used  as  a  diuretic  and  anti-hydropho- 
bic.     See  Cantharis. 

Meloe  Vesicatorius,  Cantharis. 

MELOM'ELES,  from  jxtXos,  'a  member,'  and 
fLtXcog,  'unprofitable.'  A  monster  with  super- 
numerai-y  limbs. 

MELON,  firiXov,  '  an  apple.'  A  disorder  of  the 
eye,  in  which  it  protrudes  out  of  the  socket.  See 
Exoph  th  aim  ia.— Castelli. 

Melon,  Cucumis  melo — m.d'Eau,  Cucurbita 
citrullus  —  m.  Plant,  Cucumis  melo  —  m.  Water, 
Cucurbita  citrullus. 

MEL0N6ENA,  Solanum  melongena. 

MELOPLACUNTIUM,  Meloplacus. 

MELOPLA'CUS,  Meloplacim'tinm,  from  iiv\ov, 
'  an  apple,'  'a  quince.'  A  compound  obtained  by 
boiling  loine,  honey,  quince,  pepper,  Ac,  together. 
— Galen. 

MELOPLAS'TIC,  Meloplas'ticus,  Genoplas'tie, 
from  nn\ov,  'the  cheek,'  and  irXno-ffu,  'I  form.' 
(F.)  Ilc.loplastie,  an  epithet  for  the  operation  for 
forming  a  new  cheek  when  any  part  of  it  has 
been  lost. 

MELOS,  fiiXof,  Membrum.  A  member.  A  limb. 
An  organized  part,  composed  of  other  parts. — 
.Castelli. 

MELO'SIS,  Catheteris'mus,  Cenembate'sis,  from 
lij)\r!,  'a  probe.'  The  act  of  probing  a  wound, 
ulcer,  &c. — Hippocratus.     Catheterism. 

MELOTHKUM,  Bryonia  alba; 

MELO'TIS,  Melo'tris,  Specil'lum  minus.  From 
lirt\ri,  '  a  probe.'  A  small  probe, — a  probe  for  the 
ear.     See  Apyromele. 

MELOTRIS,  Melotis. 

MELT,  Spleen.  Also,  the  sperm  of  fish,— 
Milt. 


MELTING,  Fusion. 

MELUM,  ixriXov,  JIaliim.  An  apple.  Fruit  in 
general.  Also,  a  round,  firm  female  breast. 
The  cheek.  The  apple-eye  or  melon-eye  is  an 
apple-formed  projection  of  the  eye  from  the 
orbit. 

Melum  Armeniacum,  Prunus  armeniaca — m. 
Cydonium,  see  Pyrus  cydonia. 

MELUSTUM,  Melasses. 

MEMBRA  PUDENDA,  Genital  organs. 

MEMBRANA,  Membrane — m.  Abdominis,  Pe- 
ritonaeum— m.  Adiposa,  Cellular  membrane — m. 
Adventitia,  Decidua  reflexa — m.  Agnina,  Amnios 
— m.  Amphiblestrodes,  Retina— m.  Arachnoidea, 
Hyaloid  membrane  —  m.  Capsularis  testis,  Albu- 
ginea  —  m.  Carnosa,  Dartos  —  m.  Cellulosa,  Cel- 
lular membrane — m.  Cellulosa,  Decidua — m.  Ce- 
rebri tenuis,  Pia  mater  —  m.  Cerebri  mollis,  Pia 
mater  —  m.  Cerebri  propria,  Pia  mater — m.  Cho- 
rio  capillaris,  see  Choroidea  tunica — m.  Circu- 
mossalis.  Periosteum — m.  Communis,  Decidua  — 
m.  Cor  circumplexa,  Pericardium — m.  Cordis, 
Pericardium — m.  Costalis,  Pleura — m.  Costas  suc- 
cingens.  Pleura  —  m.  Crassa,  Decidua  reflexa  — 
m.  Cribrosa,  Decidua — m.  Cuticularis,  Dura  ma- 
ter—  m.  Decidua  serotina,  see  Decidua  — m.  De- 
muriana,  see  Aqueous  humour,  and  Cornea  —  m. 
Dentata,  Dentieulatum  ligamentum — m.  Derma- 
todes.  Dura  mater  —  m.  Descemetii,  see  Aqueous 
humour,  and  Cornea — -m.  Diaphratton,  Mediasti- 
num— m.  Dura  cerebrum  ambiens.  Dura  mater — 
in.  Epicrania,  Galea  aponeurotica  capitis  —  m. 
Externa  dentium,  Tapetum  alveoli — m.  Farcimi- 
nalis,  Allantois — m.  Fenestrte  rotundse,  see  Fe- 
nestra—  m.  Filamcntosa,  Decidua  reflexa — m. 
Flocculenta,  Decidua  —  m.  Foetum  involvens, 
Amnios — m.  Fusca,  see  Sclerotic. 

Membra'na  Granulo'sa,  Gran'ular  membrane 
or  layer,  (F.)  Membrane  granideuse,  Conehe  cel- 
luleuse  (Coste).  A  layer  of  yellow,  granular 
matter,  which  lines  the  inner  laj'er  of  the  Graa- 
fian follicle,  and  is  regarded  by  KoUiker  as  epi- 
thelium. 

Membrana  Humorts  Aquei,  see  Aqueous  hu- 
mour—  m.  Interspinalis,  Interspinal  ligament  — 
m.  Intestinalis,  Allantois — m.  Jacobi,  Tunica 
Jacobi — m.  Jacobi  Arnold,  see^ris^ — m.  Limitans, 
see  Iris  —  m.  Limitans  Pacini,  see  Iris —  m.  Lin- 
guEe,  see  Tongue — m.  Macilentior,  Epiploon,  gas- 
trohepatic — m.  Mucosa,  Decidua,  see  Membrane — 
m.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma — m.  Nictitans,  Valvula 
semilunaris — in.  Olfaotoria,  Pituitary  membrane 
—  m.  Ossis,  Periosteum —  m.  Ovi  materna,  De- 
cidua—  m.  Ovuli  corticalis,  Oiocalymma — m. 
Pellucida,  Amnios  —  m.  Pigmenti,  see  Iris  —  m. 
Pinguedinosa,  see  Cellular  membrane  —  m.  Pin- 
guis  intestinoruin,  Mesentery  —  in.  Pituitaria, 
Pituitary  membrane,  see  Membrane  —  m.  Pitui- 
tosa,  see  Membrane — m.  Pleuretica,  Pleura — m. 
Prffiesistens,  Decidua — m.  Propria,  Basement 
membrane,  and  Folliculi  Graafiani,  see  Cortex 
ovi — m.  Papillaris,  Pupillary  membrane. 

Membra'na  Putam'inis,  {pvtamen,  'a  shell  or 
husk.')  Pcllic'ida  Ovi.  The  membrane  adherent 
to  the  inner  surface  of  the  eggshell.  —  Putamen 
seu  Testa  Ovi. 

Membrana  Retiformis  Chorii,  Decidua  reflexa 
— m.  Ruyschiana,  Choroid  (inner  layer.) 

Membrana  Sacciform'is.  A  separate  synovial 
membrane  for  the  inferior  radio-cubital  articula-- 
tion,  which  covers  the  upper  surface  of  the  trian- 
gular ligament,  and  the  sort  of  incomplete  ring 
which  circumscribes  the  head  of  the  ulna. 

Membrana  Semipellucida,  Caligo — in.  Serosa, 
Membrane  (serous)  —  m.  Sinuosa,  Decidua  —  m. 
Subcostalis,  Pleura — m.  Succingens,  Diaphragm, 
Pleura. 

Membrana    Test^,    Shell    membrane.      The 


MEMBRANACEOUS 


581        MEMBRANES  ALB  UGINEUSES 


membrane  fhat  lines  the  shell  of  the  bird's  egg: 
— a  simple  membrane. 

Membrana  Thoracem  Ixtersepiexs,  Media- 
stinum— m.  Tympani,  see  Tympanum — m.  Tym- 
pani  secundaria,  see  Fenestra— m.  Urinaria,  Al- 
lantois — m.  Uteri  interna  evoluta,  Decidua — m. 
Uvea,  Uvea — m.  Vasculosa  cerebri,  Pia  mater — 
na.  Vasorum  Communis,  Endangium — m.  Verricu- 
•  laris,  Retina. 

Membra'na  Versic'olor.  A  peculiar  mem- 
brane—  according  to  Mr.  Fielding,  of  Hull  — 
situate  immediately  behind  the  retina,  and  in 
connexion  with  it.  It  is  separable  into  distinct 
layers  from  the  choroid,  and  is  supplied  veith 
blood-vessels. 

Membraxa  Wachendorfiana,  Pupillary  mem- 
brane. 

MEMBRANACEOUS,  Membranous. 

MEMBRANE,  Memhra'na,  Hijmen,  Ifeninx, 
Epen'dyma,  Pan'nicle.  A  name  given  to  differ- 
ent thin  organs,  representing  a  species  of  supple, 
more  or  less  elastic,  webs  ;  varying  in  their  struc- 
ture and  vital  properties,  and  intended,  in  gene- 
ral, to  absorb  or  secrete  certain  fluids;  and  to 
separate,  envelop,  and  form  other  organs.  Bi- 
chat  has  divided  the  membranes  into  simple  and 
compound. 

Simple  memhranes  comprise  three  orders.  1.  A 
3Iucous  membrane,  Memhra'na  muco'sa  seu  pitiii- 
to'sa  seu  pituita'ria,  Phleg'myynen,  Pldegmat'hy- 
men,  ifemhrane  foUiculeuse  (Ch.),  is  so  called,  on 
account  of  the  mucous  fluid  by  which  it  is 
constantly  lubricated.  Mucous  membranes  line 
the  canals,  cavities,  and  hollow  organs,  which 
communicate  externally  by  different  apertures 
on  the  skin.  Bichat  refers  them  to  two  great 
divisions — the  rfastro-pulmonary,  and  the  genito- 
urinary. The  mucous  membranes  have  a  striking 
analogy  with  the  cutaneous  tissue,  in  organiza- 
tion, functions,  and  diseases.  They  are  composed 
of  chorion,  papillae,  and  epidermis;  and  are  fur- 
nished with  a  multitude  of  follicles,  which  secrete 
a  viscid  humour, — mucus.  They  receive  a  quan- 
tity of  arterial  vessels,  veins,  lymphatics,  and 
nerves.  2.  The  Seroun  membranes,  Meinbra'nce 
sero'scB,  M.  villeuses  simple  (Ch.),  are  transparent, 
thin,  and  composed  of  one  lamina.  One  surface 
adheres  to  other  textures ;  the  other  is  smooth, 
polished,  and  moistened  by  a  serous  fluid.  They 
are  arranged  —  in  the  form  of  sacs  without  aper- 
tures—  as  great,  intermediate  reservoirs  for  the 
exhalant  and  absorbent  systems,  in  which  the 
serous  fluid,  in  passing  from  one  system,  tarries 
some  time  before  it  enters  the  other.  The  serous 
membranes  resemble  the  areolar  membrane  in 
structure  and  diseases.  They  facilitate  the  mo- 
tion on  each  other  of  the  organs  which  they  en- 
velop. They  may  be  divided  into  {a)  Serous 
•membranes,  properly  so  called;  as  the  arachnoid, 
pleura,  peritoneum,  and  tunica  vaginalis,  (ft) 
Synovial  memhranes  or  capsules;  which  belong 
to  joints,  tendons,  aponeuroses,  &c.  These  mem- 
branes—  mucous  and  serous  —  are  constituted  of 
similar  layers — epithelium,  basement  membrane, 
condensed  areolar  tissue ;  and  a  looser  form  of 
areolar  tissue,  termed  suhmxicons  in  one  case,  — 
subserous  in  the  other.  3.  Fibrous  membranes, 
Memhranes  alhugineuses  (Ch.)  These  are  almost 
all  continuous,  and  terminate  at  the  periosteum — 
their  common  centre.  They  have  been  divided 
into  two  sections.  1.  Enveloping  aponeuroses. 
Aponeuroses  of  insertion.  Fibrous  capsules  of  the 
joints,  and  Fibrous  sheath  of  tendons.  2.  The 
Periosteum,  Dura  mater,  Sclerotica,  Tunica  alhu- 
ginea  testis.  Fibrous  membrane  of  the  spleen,  &c. 
The  fibrous  membranes  are  not  free  or  moistened 
by  any  particular  fluid.  They  adhere  by  both 
surfaces  to  the  neighbouring  parts ;  are  firm,  re- 
sisting, but  slightly  elastic,  and  of  a  white  colour; 


sometimes  pearly  and  glistening.  Their  vessels 
are  numerous,  in  some,  as  in  the  dura  mater  and 
periosteum;  in  others,  scarcely  perceptible,  as  in 
the  aponeuroses.  The  presence  of  nerves  has 
never  been  proved,  although  several  circumstan- 
ces, regarding  their  sensibility,  render  their  ex- 
istence probable.  The  fibrous  membranes  serve, 
in  general,  to  augment  the  solidity  of  the  organs 
which  they  envelop ;  to  retain  the  muscles  in 
their  respective  positions;  to  favour  the  motion 
of  the  limbs,  and  that  of  the  muscles  and  skin  ; 
to  form  canals  and  rings  for  the  passage  of  dif- 
ferent organs,  &c. 

Bichat  admits  three  species  of  Compound  Mem- 
hranes. 1.  The  Serofibrous,  formed  of  a  serous 
and  fibrous  lamina,  intimately  adherent  to  each 
other ;  —  as  the  pericardium,  dura  mater,  and  tu- 
nica albuginea.  2.  The  Sero-mucous,  formed  of 
a  serous  and  mucous  lamina ; — as  the  gall-bladder 
at  its  lower  part.  3.  The  Fibro-mucous,  consti- 
tuted of  the  union  of  a  fibrous  and  mucous  mem- 
brane; as  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  nasal  fossce, 
gums,  (fee.  Chaussier  admits  six  kinds  of  mem- 
branes. 1.  The  laminated.  See  Cellular  Tissue. 
2.  The  serous  or  simple  villous.  3.  The  follicidar 
or  complicated  villous.  4.  T^ae  7nuscular  qt  fleshy. 
5.  The  alhugineous.     6.  The  albuminous. 

Membrane,  Accidental,  M.  false  —  m.  Acci- 
dentelle,  M.  false  —  m.  Adnee,  Conjunctiva  —  m. 
Adventitious,  M.  false — m.  Anhistous,  Decidua. 

Membrane,  Basement,  Pri'mary  or  lim'itary 
membrane,  3Iembra'na  pro'pria.  A  delicate, 
structureless  lamella  of  membrane  found  beneath 
the  epidermis  or  epithelium,  on  all  the  free  sur- 
faces of  the  body. 

MEMBRANE  CADUQUE,  Beoidnn—m.  Ca- 
dtiqiie  reflechie,  Decidua  reflexa — ?«.  de  Demours, 
see  Aqueous  Humour,  and  Cornea — -m.  de  Des- 
cemet,  see  Aqueous  Humour,  and  Cornea. 

Membrane,  False,  Acciden'tal  or  Adventit- 
ious membrane,  Pseudo-membrane,  Pseud'ymen, 
Pseudome' ninx,  (F.)  Fnusse  membrane,  M.  acci- 
dentelle.  Membranous  productions,  which  form 
on  all  the  free  natural  surfaces,  and  on  every 
free  accidental  surface,  are  so  called.  They 
are,  in  general,  produced  by  the  exudation  of  a 
fibrinous  matter,  susceptible  of  organization, 
which  takes  place  in  consequence  of  inflammation 
of  the  various  tissues.  These  accidental  mem- 
branes occur  on  the  skin  after  the  application  of 
a  blister;  on  mucous  surfaces,  as  in  croup;  on 
the  parietes  of  inflamed  veins  and  arteries,  &c. 
The  cicatrices  of  wounds  are  formed  of  them. 

Of  late,  it  has  been  proposed  to  give  the  name 
pseudo-membrane  to  fibrinous  exudations,  which 
are  devoid  of  organization,  whilst  neo-memhrane 
may  be  applied  to  such  fresh  productions  as  have 
become  supplied  with  vessels  and  nerves. 

3fEMBRANE  FAVSSE,  Membrane,  false  — 
m.  Germinal,  see  Molecule — m.  Granular,  Mem- 
brana granulosa — m.  Gramdeuse,  Membrana  gra- 
nulosa— m.  Haptogen,  see  Haptogenous—  m.  Pri- 
mary, Membrane,  basement — m.  Pseudo,  M.  false 
— m.  Hyaloid,  see  Hyaloid  membrane — m.  Jacob's, 
Tunica  Jacobi — m. Limitary,  Membrane,  basement 
—  m.  Nasmyth's,  see  Enamel  —  m.  Ruyschienne, 
Choroid  (inner  layer),  Ruyschiana  tunica — m. 
Shell,  Membrana  test* — m.  du  Tympan,  see  Tym- 
panum—  m.  Virginal,  Hymen  —  m.  Vitellary, 
Zona  pellucida — m.  Vitelline,  Zona  pellucida. 

MEMBRANES  ALBUGINEUSES,  Mem- 
branes, fibrous,  see  Albuginea — m.  FoUiculeuses, 
Membranes,  mucous — m.  Veloutees,  Villous  mem- 
branes— m.  Villeuses  simples,  Membranes,  serous. 

Membranes  op  the  Fcetus,  Membra' nae  fcetum 
rnvolven'tes,  Velamen'ta  iiifan'tis,  Integumen'ta 
foetus.  The  membranes.  The  membranes  which 
immediately  envelop  the  foetus  in  the  cavity  of 
the  uterus   and  the  rupture  of  which  gives  rise 


MEMBRANEUX 


582 


MENINGOMALACIA 


to  the  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii.    These  mem-  I 
branes  are  the  decidua,  chorion,  and  amnion. 
Membranes,  The,  Membranes  of  the  Foetus,     i 
3IEMBRANEUX,  Membranous. 
MEM'BRANIFORM,    Jlembi-ani/orm'is.  from 
memhrana.  a.n&  forma  ; — resembling  a  membrane. 
A  name  given  to  thin  and  flat  parts,  which  re- 
semble membranes. 

Membrasiform  Muscles:  Very  broad  and 
thin  muscles,  as  the  platysma  myoides,  obliquus 
abdominis,  &c. 

MEMBRAXOSUS,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 
MEM'BE.ANOUS,  Membmno'sus,  ilemlrana'- 
ceus,  Hymeno'des,  (F.)  Jlembraneux.     Having  the 
nature  of  membrane.     Formed  of  membrane. 

MEMBRAXULA,  Hj'menium — m.  Coronse  ci- 
liaris,  see  Ciliary — m.  Lunata  VaginEe,  Hymen — 
m.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma — m.  Semilunaris  con- 
junctivae, Valvula  semilunaris. 

MEM'BRANULE,  Membran'ula,  diminutive  of 
memhrana,  '  a  membrane.'     A  small  membrane. 
MEMBRE,  Membrum — m.  Viril,  Penis. 
MEMBRO'SUS,  Membro'sior,  Mentula'tus,  3Iu- 
tonia'tus,   Nasa'tus,   valde  3Ientula'tu8,  Fascino'- 
sus,  Psolon,  (F.)  3Iembru,  from    membrum,  'the 
male  organ.'     One  whose  penis  is  very  large. 
3IEMBR  U,  Membrosus. 

MEMBRUM,  Artus,  3Ielo9,  Colon,  a  Umh,  a 
member,  (F.)  3Iemhre.  The  limbs  or  extremities 
or  members  of  animals  are  certain  parts  exterior 
to  the  body,  which  are  more  or  less  apparent, 
long,  and  moveable.  It  is  by  means  of  their 
limbs,  that  animals  transport  themselves  from 
one  place  to  another;  and  that  they  defend  them- 
selves, or  attack  others.  The  limbs  are  arranged 
on  each  side  of  the  trunk,  with  which  they  are 
articulated.     In  man,  they  are  four  in  number : 

two  upper  or  thoracic,  and  two  lower,  pelvic  or 

abdominal.     Also,  the  male  organ. 

Membrum  Genitale  Virorum.  Penis — m.  Mu- 
liebre.  Clitoris  —  m.  Seminale,  Penis  —  m.  Virile, 
Penis. 

3IE}T0JRE,  Memory — m.  Perte  de,  Amnesia. 

MEMORIA  DELETA,  Amnesia. 

MEM'ORY,     3Iemo'ria,     3Tneme,    Recorda'tio, 

Recorda'tus,  (F.)  3Iemoire.     The  cerebral  faculty, 

by  virtue  of  which  past  impressions  are  recalled 

to  the  mind. 

MEMPHI'TES  LAPIS.  A  sort  of  stone,  found 
anciently  in  the  environs  of  Memphis;  which  was 
esteemed  narcotic. 

MENAGOGUES,  Emmenagogues. 
MENDESION,  ^gyptiacum. 
MENE,  Moon. 

MENECRATIS  ACCIPITER,  Accipiter. 
MENELCO'SIS,  Helcome'nia,  from  jiriv,  ' a 
month,'    and    'cXxuiai;,   'ulceration.'      Vicarious 
menstruation  from  an  ulcer. 
MENES,  Menses. 
M^NESPAUSIE,  see  Menses. 
MENIDRO'SIS,   from    nr,v,    'a    month,    and 
-'t^pojiTff,   '  sweating.'      A   sweating   of  menstrual 
blood. — Bock. 

MENFPtlGE,  see  Pistacla  lentiseus. 
MENINGARTHROC'ACE,  Inflamma'tio  mem- 
hrana'rum  articidatio'nis,  Arthromeningi'tis,  from 
ftT/viyf,  ixtviyyog,  'membrane,' apSpov,  'a  joint,' and 
KUKos, '  disease.'  Inflammation  of  the  membranes 
of  a  joint. 

3IENINGE,  Dura  mater. 
SIENINGE,  Meningeal. 

MENIN'GEAL,  3Ienin'geus,  from  ixvviy^,  ixtviy- 
yoi,  'a  membrane.'  (F.)  3Ieninge.  Relating  to 
the  meninges,  or  merely  to  the  dura  mater. 
Meningeal  Apoplexy,  see  Apoplexy. 
Meningeal  Artery,  Middle,  Arte'ria  menin'- 
gca  me'dia  seu  SphcBiio-spino'sa  seu  DurcB  Matria 
me'dia  max'ima  seu  Sphano-spina'lis,  Spinal  Ar- 


tery, (F.)  Artere  meningee  moyenne  ou  Spheno. 
epinense,  ou  Epineuse,  is  the  largest  of  the 
branches  given  off  by  the  internal  maxillary 
artery.  It  enters  the  cranium  by  the  foramen 
spinale,  and  distributes  its  branches  chiefly  to 
the  dura  mater. 

Meningeal  Vessels,  Yasa  menin'gea.  The 
vessels  of  the  membranes  of  the  brain. 

MENIN'GES,  Ei/am'ides,  3Iatre8  seu  Involu'- 
era  Cev'ebri,  Omen'ta  seu  Yelaraen'ta  cerehra'lia, 
from  firiviyl,  nvvtyyos,  '  a  membrane.'     The  three 
membranes    which    envelop    the    brain  —  Dura 
mater,  Arachnoid,  and  Pia  mater. 
31ENINGETTE,  Pia  mater. 
MENINGIITIS,  Meningitis. 
MENINGI'NA,  (F.)  3Ieningine.  Same  etymon, 
A    name    given   by  Chaussier  to  the  pia  mater, 
united  to  the  cerebral  layer  of  the  arachnoid. 
Meningina,  Inner  Lamina  of  the,  Pia  mater. 
3IENINGINE,  Meningina. 
3IENINGITE,  CEREBRO-SPINAL, Menin- 
gitis, cerebro-spinal. 

MEXIXGINI  TIS,  from  meningina,  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  me- 
ningina. 

MENINGION,  Arachnoid  membrane. 
MENIXGIS  GUSTOS,  Meningophylax. 
3IENINGITE,    Meningitis  —  /)).     Gramdeuse, 
Hydrocephalus  internus  — ))).  Rachidienne,  Me- 
ningitis, spinal  —  m.   Tuberculeuse,  Hydrocepha- 
lus internus. 

MENINGI'TIS,  3feningii'tis,  EncephaWtia 
peripher'ica  seu  membrano'sa,  (F.)  Inflammation 
de  la  membrane  sereuse  cephalo-racliidienne,  3Te- 
ningite,  from  meninges,  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  meninges  or  mem- 
branes of  the  brain.  See  Phrenitis. 
Meningitis  Arthritic  a,  Cephalagra. 
Meningitis,  Cer'ebro-Spinal,  3Iyeli'tis,  pete- 
chia'lis,  Cer'ebral  or  cer'ebro-spinal  typ>hus,  (F.) 
3Ieningite  cerebro-sp>inaI,  Fievre  cerebrospinal. 
Typhus  cerebro-spinal.  An  alarmingly  fatal  form 
of  epidemic  fever,  which  prevailed  in  different 
countries  of  Europe,  and,  also,  in  certain  portions 
of  the  United  States,  near  the  middle  of  the  19th 
century.  It  is  considered,  by  Boudin,  to  consti- 
tute the  cerebro-spinal  form  of  the  nosological 
group  of  typhus. 

Meningi'tis  Granular,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus— m.  Hydrocephalica,  Hydrocephalus  internus 
—  m.  Infantum,  Hydrocephalus  internus  —  m, 
Membranosa,  M.  spinal. 

Meningitis  Mesencephal'ica.  Inflammation 
of  the  meninges  of  the  medulla  oblongata  and 
pons  varolii  more  especially. 

Meningitis  Peripherica,  M.  spinal  —  m.  Po- 
tatorum, Delirium  tremens — m.  Rachidian,  M. 
spinal — m.  Scrophulous,  Hydrocephalus  internus. 
Meningitis,  Spinal,  31.  Rachid'ian  seu  Spi- 
na'lis  seu  peripher'ica  seu  membrano'sa,  Perimye- 
li'tis,  3fyelo-meningi'tis,  (F.)  3/eningite  rachi- 
dienne. Inflammation  of  the  meninges  of  the 
spinal  marrow. 

Meningitis,  Tubercular,  see  Hydrocephalus 
internus  —  m.  Tuberculosa,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

MENIN'GIUM.  Diminutive  oi [triviyl,  tivvyyoi, 
'a  membrane.'  A  fine,  delicate  membrane.  The 
tunica  arachnoidea  of  the  brain. 

M E  N  IN  G  0  -  CEPHALI'TIS,   3reningo-ence-  ' 
jyhali'tis,  Ceph'alo-meningi'tis,  Enceph' alo-menin- 
gitis,  from  /xriviy^,  liTjviyyos,  '  a  membrane,'  Ke(pa\r;, 
'head,'  and  itis,  a  sufiis  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  membranes  and  brain. 

MENINGO-GASTRIC  FEVER,  Fever,  gas- 
trie. 

MENINGO GASTRITIS,  Fever,  gastric. 
MENINGOMALA'CIA,  from  itrivty^,  firiviyyo;, 


MENINGOPHYLAX 


583 


MENSES 


'membrane,'  and  /laXax-ia,  'softening.'  Soften- 
ing of  membranes  in  oreneral. 

MENINGOPH'YLAX,  Custos  menin'gh,  Be- 
presso'ritim,  (F.)  DSprensoii-e,  from  fiiji'iy^,  /mviy- 
yog,  'a  membrane,'  the  dura  mater;  and  0i)Aa|, 
'a  preserver.'  An  instrument  for  depressing  the 
dura  mater,  and  guarding  it  from  injury,  whilst 
the  bone  is  cut  or  rasped. 

MENINGORRHCE'A,  from  ixnviy^,  firji'iyyoi, 
'  membrane,'  and  pto), '  I  flow.'  JSffusion  of  blood 
upon  or  between  the  membranes  of  the  brain. 

MENINGO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  The  union 
of  bones  by  means  of  membrane;  e.  g.  the  arti- 
culation of  the  bones  of  the  cranium  in  the  foetus. 
Menincjosis  is  a  variety  of  Syndesmosis. 

MENINGOSYM'PHYSIS ;  3rcn;Hgosyz'ia,fTom 
l^iviyi,  jirjiiyyo;,  '  membrane,'  and  avu^vaii,  'grow- 
ing together.'  Adhesion  of  or  by  membrane. 
Adhesion  of  the  membranes  of  the  brain  to  each 
other,  or  to  the  brain. 

MENINGOSYZIA,  Meningosymphysis. 

MENINGU'RIA  ;  irom  ^iriviy^,  'a  membrane,' 
and  ovpov, '  urine.'  The  passage  of  urine  contain- 
ing membranous  shreds. 

IMENINX,  Membrane — m.  Choroides,  Pia 
mater  —  m.  Crassa,  Dura  mater — m.  Dura,  Dura 
mater  —  m.  Exterior,  Dura  mater  —  m.  Interior, 
Pia  mater — m.  Media,  Arachnoid  membrane — m. 
Pacheia,  Dura  mater —  m.  Sclera,  Dura  mater  — 
m.  Serosa,  Arachnoid  membrane — m.  Vasculosa, 
Pia  mater. 

MENISCHESIS,  see  Amenorrhcea. 

MENISCI,  Cartilages,  interarticular. 

MENISPERMUM  ANGULATUM,  M.  Cana- 
dense. 

Menispeem'um  Canaden'se,  M.  angula'tum, 
Orel.  Menispermacea;,  from  iatjvtj,  '  the  moon,' 
and  a-Ktpjia,  '  seed,'  in  allusion  to  the  crescentic 
shape  of  the  seed.  A  climbing  plant,  growing  in 
various  parts  of  the  United  States.  Said  to  be 
used  in  Virginia  as  a  substitute  for  sarsaparilla 
in  scrofula,  and  to  be  called,  in  the  West,  Sarsa- 
parilla.    It  is  an  excitant  tonic. 

Menisper'mum  Coc'culus,  3r.  glaneum,  Ana- 
mir'ta  Coc'culus  seu  panicula'ta,  Coc'culus  sube- 
ro'sus.  The  systematic  name  of  the  plant,  the 
berries  of  which  are  well  known  by  the  name  of 
Coc'culus  In'dicus  seu  subero'sus,  Indian  Berries, 
JBacccB  Piscato'ricB,  hidian  Cockles,  Coccus  In'di- 
cus, Cocculm  qfficina'rum,  Cocci  orienta'les,  Grana 
Orien'tis,  (F.)  Coque  du  Levant,  C.  levant.  These 
berries  are  remarkable  for  their  inebriating  and 
destructive  quality  to  fish.  The  deleterious  prin- 
ciple appears  to  reside  in  the  kernel,  and  in  the 
active  principle  called  Picrotox'ine.  Coeculus 
Indicus  has  been  used  in  decoction  to  kill  vermin. 
It  has,  at  times,  been  added  to  beer,  by  fraudu- 
lent tradesmen,  to  render  it  more  inebriating. 

Menispermum  Glaucum,  M.  coeculus — m.  Pal- 
matum,  Calumba. 

Menisper'mum  Tdbercula'tum,  M.  Verruco'- 
sum,  Coc'culus  crispus.  A  Chinese  plant,  an  ex- 
tract from  the  root  of  which  is  tonic  to  the  sto- 
mach and  bowels,  and  possesses  some  astrin- 
gency.     Dose,  5  to  10  grains. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  llenisper'mum  Cor- 
d'ifo'lium — the  Goluncha,  of  Bengal. 

Menispermum  Verrucosdm,  M.  tuberculatum. 

MENOCRYPHIA,  Amenorrhoea. 

MENGLIPSIS,  see  Menses. 

MENOPAUSIS,  see  Menses. 

MBNOPHANIA,  see  Menses. 

MENOPLANIA,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

MENORRHAG"IA,  from  /iiiv,  fir/vo;,  '  a  month,' 
and  pnyvviii,  'to  flow  fiercely.'  Plow  of  the  menses. 
Frequently,  the  word  is  used  synonymously  with 
uterine  hemorrhage  or  metrorrhagia,  or  for  im- 
moderate flow  of  the  menses — profuse  menstrua- 


tion, Parame'nia  super' flua  seu  profu'sa,  Menor- 
rhag"ia  rubra,  Catamenio'rum  Jluxus  immod'icns, 
Menstrua  immod' ica  seu  super'flua,  Menorrhce'a. 

Menop.rhagia,  Menstruation,  Metrorrhagia  — 
m.  Alba,  Leucorrhoea  —  m.  DiiBcilis,  Dysmenor- 
rhoea — m.  Erronea,  Menstruation,  erroneous — m. 
Stillatitia,  Dysmenorrhoea. 

MENORRH(E'A,  from  nr,v,  nm'oi,  'a  month,' 
and  p£w,  'I  flow.'  The  ordinary  flow  of  the 
menses.  Also,  too  long  continuing,  or  too  often 
returning,  menstruation.     Menorrhagia. 

MENOSCHESIS,  see  Amenorrhoea. 

MENOSTASIA,  Amenorrhoea. 

MENOS'TASIS,  from  iinv,  /itivo;,  'month,'  and 
araais,  'stasis,'  'stagnation.'  This  word,  accord- 
ing to  some,  signifies  the  retention  of  the  menses 
and  their  accumulation  in  the  uterus.  According 
to  others,  it  means  the  acute  pain  which,  in  some 
females,  precedes  each  appearance  of  the  menses: 
a  pain  which  has  been  presumed  to  proceed  from 
the  stasis  of  blood  in  the  capillary  vessels  of  the 
uterus. 

MENOXBN'IA,  Menoxeno'sis,  from  firjv,  funvoi, 
'a  month,'  and  (tvof,  'foreign.'  Irregular  men- 
struation. 

MENOXENOSIS,  Menoxenia. 

MENS.  Anima,  Intellect. 

MENS  A,  Trap'eza,  'a  table.'  The  upper  su- 
perficial part  or  corona  of  the  jaw  teeth. 

MENSES,  (pi.  of  mcnsis,  'a  month  ;')  31.  3Tu- 
lie'bres,  3Iul>e'bria,  3Ienes,  Fluxns  men'struus  seu 
luna'ris,  Pro'fluviiim  mulie'bre  seu  genita'le  mulie- 
bre,  Consuetii'do  menstrua,  Catame'nia,  3Ien'strua, 
Emm.e'nia,  Tribu'tum  luna're  seu  men'strvum,  Pnr- 
gatio'nes,  P.  menstrnoR,  Gyncecei'a,  Aphedri'a, 
Cursus  men'strwis,  Honz'a,  Luna'ria,  Courses, 
3Ienstrual  flux,  ilonthly  courses  or  periods.  Flow- 
ers, Turns,  Terms,  the  Reds,  Troubles,  (F.)  3Iois, 
Rigles,  Lunes,  Flneurs,  Affaires,  Fjmques,  Ordi- 
naires.  Purgations,  Fleurs,  3Ienstrues.  The  san- 
guineous evacuation  from  the  uterus,  Sanguis 
menstrvns,  3Ien'strual  Blood,  the  monthly  occur- 
rence of  which  constitutes  menstruation  or  monthly 
illness.  The  first  appearance  of  the  menses  — 
menopiha'nia  —  is  usually  preceded  by  the  dis- 
charge of  a  fluid  whitish  matter  from  the  vagina  : 
by  nervous  excitement,  and  by  vague  pains  and 
heaviness  in  the  loins  and  thighs;  numbness  of 
the  limbs,  tumefaction  and  hardness  of  the 
breasts,  &c.  More  or  less  indisposition  and  irri- 
tability also  precede  each  successive  recurrence 
of  the  menstrual  flux.  In  temperate  climates, 
each  period,  men' strual  period,  periodus  luna'ris, 
ordinarily  continues  from  three  to  six  days;  and 
the  quantity  lost  varies  from  four  to  eight  ounces. 
The  menses  continue  to  flow  from  the  period  of 
puberty  till  the  age  of  45  or  50.  At  the  term  of 
its  natural  cessation,  3Ienolip'sis,  3Ienes2)a7isie 
(Gardanne),  Jlenopau'sis,  the  flux  becomes  irre- 
gular; and  this  irregularity  is  occasionally  a«- 
companied  with  symptoms  of  dropsy,  glandular 
tumours,  &o.,  constituting  the  Parame'nia  cessa- 
tio'nis  of  Good,  and  what  is  called  the  critical 
time  or  ttirn  or  change  of  life;  yet  it  does  not 
appear  that  the  mortality  is  increased  by  it. 
With  the  immediate  causes  of  menstruation  we 
are  unacquainted.  AVe  express  onl3'  our  igno- 
rance, when  we  assert  it  to  depend  upon  period- 
icity ;  the  discharge  comes  from  the  vessels  of 
the  uterus  and  vagina,  and  differs  from  ordinary 
blood  by  its  peculiar  odour,  and  by  its  not  coagu- 
lating. It  is  evidently  connected  with  the  con- 
dition of  the  ovaries,  and — it  has  been  supposed 
— with  the  periodical  discharge  of  ova  from  them. 
It  is  arrested,  as  a  general  principle,  during  preg- 
nancy and  lactation.  In  warm  climutes,  women 
usually  begin  to  menstruate  early,  and  cease 
sooner  than  in  the  temperate  regions.    The  quau 


MENSIUM  RETENTIO 


584 


MENTHA 


tity  lost  is  also  greater.  In  the  colder  regions, 
the  reverse  of  this  holds  as  a  general  rule. 

Dried  menstrual  blood,  especially  of  a  woman 
in  her  first  menstruation — Sanguis  vir'ginis  jyn'- 
mum  raenstnia'tcB — was  formerly  given  internally 
as  an  anti-epileptic. 

Menses  Albi,  Leueorrhoea  —  m.  Anomalse, 
Paramenia  —  m.  Devii,   Menstruation,  vicarious 

—  m.  Dolorifici,  Dysmenorrhoea  —  m.  Retention 
of  the,  see  Amenorrhoea — m.  Suppression  of  the, 
Araenorrhcea. 

MEXSIUM  RETENTIO,  see  Amenorrhcea. 
MENSTRUA,  Menses  —  m.  Alba,  Leueorrhoea 

—  m.  Difliieilia,  Dysmenorrhoea  —  m.  Dolorosa, 
Dysmenorrhoea  —  m.  Immodica,  Menorrhagia  — 
m.  Superflua,  Menorrhagia. 

MENSTRUAL,  Catamenial— m.  Flux,  Menses 
— m.  Period,  see  Menses. 

MBNSTRUANT,  Men'struans,  Jlenstrua'tus, 
trom.  menstrua,  'the  catamenia.'  One  subject  to 
the  catamenia. 

MENSTRUATIO  ANOMALA.  Paramenia  — 
m.  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhoea — m.  Dolorifica,  Dys- 
menorrhoea— m.  Impedita,  see  Amenorrhoea — m. 
Per  insolitas  Vias,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

Menstruatio  Precox,  Premature  menstrua- 
tion. Menstruation  occurring  before  the  usual 
age  or  time. 

Menstrua'tio  Recidi'va.  Menstruation,  when 
protracted  beyond  the  usual  age. 

Menstruatio  Retenta,  Amenorrhoea,  Para- 
menia— m.  Suppressa,  Amenorrhoea,  Paramenia. 

MENSTRUA'TION,  Menstrua'tio,  Chronogyn'- 
ea,  Menorrhag"ia,  Fluxua  menstrua' lis.  The  flow 
of  the  menses. 

3IENSTR  UA  TION  DIFFICILE,  Dysmen or- 
rhcea  —  m.  DifiBcult,  Dysmenorrhoea  — m.  Labo- 
.  rious,  Dysmenorrhoea  —  m.  Premature,  Menstru- 
atio praecox — m.  Profuse,  Menorrhagia. 

Menstruation,  Vica'rious,  is  that  which  oc- 
curs from  other  parts  than  the  uterus.  It  is 
called  Parame'nia  erro'ris,  3Ienorrhag"ia  erro'- 
iiea,  Mensiwm  per  alie'na  loca  excre'tio,  II.  de'vii, 
Aberra'tio  men'sium  seu  menstruo'rutn,  Jlenstrna'- 
tio  per  insol'itas  vias,  Hmmatopla'nia  seu  Hcemo- 
pla'nia  menstrua' lis,  llenopla'nia,  (F. )  Deviation 
des  Regies,  Regies  deviees.  At  times,  the  se- 
creted fluid  has  all  the  characters  of  the  men- 
strual secretion ;  at  others,  it  appears  to  be  mere 
blood. 

MENSTRUATUS,  Menstruant. 

MENSTR  UEL,  Catamenial. 

MENSTRUES,  Menses. 

MEN'STRUOUS,  Catamenial.  Also,  one  af- 
fected with  the  menses  or  catamenia. 

MEN'STRUUM,  (F.)  Jfenstrue.  Same  ety- 
mon ; — the  menstruum  being,  of  old,  usually  con- 
tinued in  action  for  a  month.  The  monthly  dis- 
charge of  the  female.  The  plural,  menstrua,  is 
now,  however,  always  used  for  the  menses.  The 
name  was  formerly  given  to  every  substance 
which  possesses  the  property  of  dissolving  others 
slowly  and  with  the  aid  of  heat.  At  present,  it 
is  used  synonymously  with  solvent.  Thus  — 
water,  alcohol,  ether,  acids,  oils,  &c.,  are  men- 
strua. 

Menstruum  Auri,  Nitro-muriatic  acid  —  m. 
Yentriculi,  Gastric  juice. 

MENSU'RA  MED'ICA.  A  measure  of  48 
ounces. 

MENSURA'TION,  Meta'tio,  from  mensura, 
'measure.'  Jleasuremeni,  Jledical  meas'uring. 
One  of  the  means  used  for  exploring  the  state  of 
the  thoracic  and  other  cavities.  It  consists  in  a 
comparative  measurement  of  each  side  of  the 
chest,  by  means  of  a  riband  extended  from  the 
median  line  of  the  sternum  to  the  spine.  When 
effusion  exists  on  one  side,  the  measurement  is 
usually  greater  than  on  the  other.    "When,  on  the 


other  hand,  a  portion  of  a  lung  has  ceased,  for 
some  time,  to  exert  its  respiratory  functions,  the 
corresponding  side  of  the  chest  becomes  smaller, 
in  consequence  of  the  contraction  of  the  j^leura, 
retraction  of  the  pulmonary  tissue,  and  greater 
approximation  of  the  ribs. 

MENTA,  Mentha,  Penis. 

MENTAGRA,  Mentulagra,  Sycosis  — m.  In- 
fantum, Porrigo  lupinosa. 

MEN'TAGRAPHYTE,  Ilen'tagrophyte,  Mi- 
cros'poron  mentagroph'ytes,  from  mentagra,  and 
0i)Tov,  'a  plant.'  A  name  proposed  by  M.  Gruby, 
of  Vienna,  for  a  cryptogamous  plant,  which  he 
considers  to  produce  mentagra. 

MENTAL,  Menta'lis,  from  mens,  mentis,  '  mind ;' 
belonging  or  relating  to  the  mind,  as  mental  phe- 
nom'ena,  mental  diseases  [Jlorbi  menta'les),  <te. 

In  Anatomy,  Mental,  Jlenta'lis,  (F.)  Jlenion- 
nier,  signifies  that  which  relates  to  the  chin; 
from  mentum,  'the  chin.' 

Mental  Ar'tert,  (F.)  Arfh-e  mentonniere. 
This  is  given  off  by  the  inferior  dental,  and  issues 
at  the  mental  foramen  to  be  distributed  on  the 
lower  lip. 

Mental  Fora'men,  (P.)  Trou  mentonnier,  An- 
te'rior  maxiUary  F.,  is  the  outer  orifice  of  the 
inferior  dental  canal.  It  is  situate  on  the  outer 
surface  of  the  lower  jaw-bone,  opposite  the  second 
incisor,  or  the  canine  tooth,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  vessels  and  nerves. 

Mental  Fossa,  see  Fossa,  mental. 

Mental  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  mentonnier,  is  fur- 
nished by  the  inferior  dental  nerve.  It  issues  by 
the  mental  foramen,  and  is  distributed,  in  nume- 
rous filaments,  to  the  muscles  of  the  lower  lip. 

Mental  Region,  Re'gio  menta'lis.  The  region 
of  the  chin. 

MENTHA  seu  MENTA  AQUAT'ICA,  {^ivQr,, 
fiivda,  pLivdos,  'mint.')  31.  palui'tris  seu  hirsu'ta 
seu  rotnndifo'lia  palus'tris,  Jlenthas'trum,  Sisym'- 
hrium  menthastrum,  Bal'samus  palus'tris.  Water- 
mint,  (F.)  Menthe  aquatique,  M.  rouge.  Nat. 
Ord.  Labiatas.  This  is  less  agreeable  than  the 
ilentha  viridis,  and  more  bitter  and  pungent.  It 
is  used  like  spearmint. 

Mentha  Balsamea,  M.  piperita. 

Mentha  Capen'sis,  which  grows  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  possesses  the  medical  properties 
of  the  mints. 

Mentha  Certi'na,  Hart's  pennyroyal,  Hyssop- 
leaved  mint,  Pule'gium  eervi'num,  (F.)  Menthe 
cervine.  Possesses  the  properties  of  pennyroyal, 
but  is  very  unpleasant. 

Mentha  Citrata,  Melissa. 

Mentha  Crispa,  31.  hercyn'ica,  Colymlif  era 
minor,  Curled  3Iint,  (F.)  3Ienthe  frissee  ou  cre- 
pue,,Baume  d'eau  d  feuilles  ridees.  Possesses 
the  properties  of  peppermint. 

Mentha  Gentilis,  M.  viridis  —  m.  Hercyniea, 
M.  crispa  —  m.  Hirsuta,  M.  Aquatica  —  m.  Laevi- 
gata, M.  viridis — m.  Ofiicinalis,  M.  piperita — m. 
Palustris,  M.  Aquatica. 

Mentha  Piperi'ta,  31.  Piperi'tis  seu  offieina'- 
lis  seu  balsame'a,  Peppermint,  (F.)  Menthe  poi- 
vree.  The  odour  of  this  variety  is  strong  and 
agreeable.  Taste,  pungent,  aromatic,  and  pro- 
ducing a  sensation  of  coldness  in  the  mouth. 
Virtues  depend  upon  essential  oil  and  camphor. 
It  is  stoQiachic  and  carminative.  It  is  chiefly 
used  in  the  form  of  essential  oil — the  oleum  men- 
tkcB  piperiteB. 

Esseiice  of  Peppermint  consists  of  ol.  menthes 
pip.  3'j>  *P-  ^■"'-  recti/.,  coloured  with  sp>inach 
leaves,  Oij.     See  Tinctura  olei  menthae  piperitas. 

Mentha  Pule'gium,  Pulegium,  P.  rega'le  seu 
latifo'lium,  Glechon,  Pennyroyal,  Pudding  grass, 
fProv.)  Hihoort,  Lurlzey-diih,  Organ,  (F.)  Pou- 
llot.  The  oil — O'leum  pule'gii  —  possesses  the 
virtues  of  the  plant.     It  resembles  the  mints  in 


MENTHASTRUM 


5  8  5       MERCURII  CALX  VITRIOLATA 


general  in  properties.  Amongst  the  vulgar,  it  is 
esteemed  an  emmenagogue.  Aqua  Pclegii, 
Aqua  Menthm  pute'gii,  Pennyroyal  Water,  is  offi- 
cinal in  the  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Pharmaco- 
poeias. 

Mentha  RoirANA,  Balsamita  suaveolens,  Ta- 
nacetum  balsamita  —  m.  Rotundifolia  palustris, 
M.  aquatica — m.  Saracenica,  Balsamita  suaveo- 
lens,  Tanaeetum  balsamita — m.  Sativa,  M.  viridis 
— m.  Spicata,  M.  viridis. 

Mentha  Vir'idis,  M.  Sati'va  sen  vulga'rrs  seu 
genti'lis  seu  spica'ta  seu  Icevifja'ta,  Spearmint, 
(F.)  3lenthe  sauvnge  ou  verte  ou  des  jardim, 
Baume  des  jardins.  Odour  strong,  aromatic; 
taste  warm,  austere,  bitterish.  Virtues  the  same 
as  those  of  the  peppermint.  The  Oleum  mentha 
viridis  is  obtained  from  it. 

Mentha  Vulgaris,  M.  viridis. 

MENTHASTRUM,  Mentha  aquatica. 

MEN  THE  AQUATIQUE,  Mentha  aquatica 
—  m.  Cervine,  Mentha  cervina  —  m.  Coq,  Tana- 
eetum balsamita  —  m.  Crepue,  Mentha  crispa  — 
m.  Frissee,  Mentha  crispa — m.  des  Jardins,  Men- 
tha viridis  —  m.  Poivree,  Mentha  piperita  —  m. 
Romaine,  Balsamita  suavoolens — m.  Rouge,  Men- 
tha aquatica  —  ?».  Sauvage,  Mentha  viridis  —  m. 
Verte.  Mentha  viridis. 

MENTIGO,  Porrigo  larvalis,  Sycosis. 

3IENTISME,  from  mens,  mentis,  'mind.'  Any 
irregular  movement  of  the  mind,  whether  from 
emotion  or  a  vivid  imagination. — Baumes. 

MENTOBICORNEUS,  Geniohyoides. 

MEXTO-LABIAL,  Jfento-lahin'lis,  from  men- 
turn,  'the  chin,'  and  labium,  'a  lip.'  Under  this 
name  Chaussier  has  united  the  Levator  labii  in- 
ferioris,  and  Quadratus  muscles.  See  Depressor 
labii  inferioris. 

Mento-Labial  Furrow  :  a  transverse  depres- 
sion situate  between  the  lower  lip  and  the  chin, 
which  is  remarkable  for  the  perpendicular  direc- 
tion of  the  hairs  growing  upon  it. 

MEN  TON,  Men  turn. 

MENTONNIER,  Mental— ?«.  Lahial,  Depres- 
sor labii  inferioris. 

MENTONNIERE,  see  Funda. 

MENTULA,  Penis  —  m.  Muliebris,  Cereosis, 
Clitoris — m.  Parva,  Pipinna. 

MEN'TULAGRA,  Men'tngrn.  A  hybrid  word, 
from  rnentula,  'the  penis,'  and  ayga,  'a  seizure.' 
A  convulsive  erection  of  the  rnentula  or  penis; 
such  as  is  said  to  be  sometimes  observed  in  eu- 
nuchs.    See  Pudendagra. 

MENTULATUS,  Membrosns. 

MENTUM,  Genei'on,  Geni'mn,  Anthe'reon, 
'the  chin.'  (F.)  Menton.  The  inferior  and  mid- 
dle part  of  the  face,  situate  below  the  lower  lip. 
The  chin  is  formed  of  skin,  areolar  tissue,  mus- 
cles, vessels,  nerves,  and  the  os  maxillare  infe- 
rius. 

MENYAX'THES  TRIFOLIA'TA,  Menyan'- 
thes,  Minyan'fhes,  from  jjirjv,  'a  month,'  and  av&os, 
'a  flower,'  because  it  keeps  in  flower  about  a 
month  [?].  Trifo'lium  pnludo' sum  seu  aquat'icum 
seu  palus'tre  seu  Jtbri'nnm,  Water  trefoil,  Buch- 
bean,  Bngbean.  Nat.  Ord.  Gentianace£8.  (F.) 
Trifle  d'eau  ou  des  3Iarais  ou  de  Castor.  The 
t.aste  is  intensely  bitter,  and  is  extracted  by  water. 
It  is  tonic,  anthelmintic,  diuretic,  cathartic,  and, 
in  large  doses,  emetic.  In  some  countries,  it  is 
used  as  a  substitute  for  hops  in  making  beer. 

Menyan'thes  Verna,  American  bnclcbean. 
Marsh  trefoil.  Water  shamrock,  Bitter  root,  has 
similar  nroperties. 

MEOSIS,  Meiosis. 

MEPHIT'IC,  Mephit'icns,  (F.)  MejMtique; 
from  a  Syriac  word,  signifying  'to  blow,  to 
breathe.'  Any  thing  possessed  of  an  unwhole- 
some property;  chiefly  applied  to  exhalations. 


Mephitic  Acid,  Carbonic  acid  —  m.  Air,  Car- 
bonic acid. 

MEPHITIS,  see  Mephitism  —  m.  Hepatica, 
Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — m.  Infiammabilis,  Hy- 
drogen— m.  Urinosa,  Ammonia. 

MEPH'ITISM,  3Iephitism'u8,  (F.)  Mephitiame. 
Same  etymon.  Any  pernicious  exhalation.  Me- 
p)hi'ti8  and  Moj)he'ta,  (F.)  Mofette  ou  Moufette, 
are  old  names  for  azote ;  and,  in  general,  for  all 
exhalations  and  gases  that  are  unfit  for  respi- 
ration. 

MERACUS,  Merus. 

MERAMAUROSIS,  Hypamaurosis. 

MERAN^STHE'SIS,  Meranasthe'sia,  from 
p.epog,  'apart,'  av,  'privative,'  and  aiaOrici;,  'sen- 
sation.'    Insensibility  of  a  part  of  the  body. 

MERATROPH'IA,  from  piepos,  'a  part,'  and 
aTpoipia,  '  want  of  nourishment.'  Atrophy  of  some 
part  of  the  body. 

MERCURE,  Hydrargyrum — m.  Bichlorure  de, 
Hydrargyri  oxymurias— «i.  Biiodure  de,  Hydrar- 
gyri  iodidum  rubrum — m.  Bromures  de,  see  Bro- 
mine— m.  CoraUin,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — 
m.  avec  la  Craie,  Hydrargyrum  cum  creta  —  m. 
Cm,  Hydrargyrum  —  m.  Cyanure  de,  Hydrargyri 
eyanuretum — m.  Deutiodure  de,  Hydrargyri  iodi- 
dum rubrum — m.  Deuto-ehlorure  de,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias  —  m.  Doux,  Hydrargyri  submurias  — 
m.  Gommeux  de  Plenck,  Syrupus  de  mercuric  me- 
diante  gummi — m.  Muriate  oxygene  de,  Hydrar- 
gyri oxymurias  —  m.  Oxide  de,  cendre,  Hydrar- 
gyri o.xydum  cinereum  —  m.  Oxide  gris  de,  Hy- 
drargyri oxydum  cinereum  —  m.  Oxide  nitrique 
de,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum  — -  m.  Oxide  noir 
de,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum  —  m.  Oxide 
rouge  de,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  rubrum — m.  Peri- 
iodiire  de,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubrum — m.  Pro- 
tiodurc  de,  Hydrargyri  iodidum — m.  Protochlo- 
rure  de,  Hydrargyri  submurias — m.  Protoxide  de, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum  —  m.  Sous-muriate 
de,  precipite,  Hydrargj'rum  prsecipitatum  —  m. 
Sous-sulfate  de,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus — m. 
Sulphure  de,  noir,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ni- 
grum—  m.  Sulphure  de,  rouge,  Hydrargyri  snl- 
phuretum  rubrum. 

MERCU'RIAL,  Mercuria'lis,  (F.)  Ifercuriel/ 
from  mercurius,  'mercury.'  That  which  contains 
or  relates  to  mercury.  A  preparation  of  mer- 
cury— Hydrargyr' icujn,  Hyd.rargyr'ium. 

Mercurial  Erethism,  see  Erethism — m.Rash, 
Eczema  mercuriale. 

MERCURTALE  ANNUELLE,  Mereurialis— 
m.  des  _Boi's,  Mereurialis  perennis — m.  de  Chien,'M.eT- 
curialis  perennis — m.  Vivace,  Mereurialis  perennis. 

MERCURIA'LIS,  Mercuria'lis  an'nua,  French 
mercury.  CF.)  Mercuriale  annuelle,  Foirole,  Ram- 
berge,  Vignoble ;  Class,  Dioecia;  Order,  Ennean- 
dria.  It  has  been  esteemed  cathartic,  hypnotic 
and  cosmetic,  and  has  been  chiefly  used  by  way 
of  lavement.     See  Chenopodium  Bonus  Henricus. 

Mercurialis  Humor,  Humor  melanchol'icus. 
A  supposititious  humour  with  the  older  physi- 
cians, out  of  which  they  presumed  that  morbi 
melanchol'ici  seu  mercuria'les  arose. 

Mercurialis  Peren'nis,  Cynocram'be,  Cani'na 
bras' sica,  M.  monta'na,  M.  Sylves'tris,  Bog's  mer- 
cury, (F.)  Mercuriale  vivace,  M.  de  chien,  M.  des 
bpis.  This  plant  is  possessed  of  acro-narcotio 
properties. 

MERCURIALISMUS,  Hydrargyriasis. 

MERCU'RIALIST,  Mercurialis' ta,  from  mer- 
curius, '  mercury.'  One  inordinately  addicted  to 
prescribing  mercury. 

MERCURIALIZA'TIOK  Same  etymon.  The 
state  of  being  affected  by  mercury.  One  under 
the  influence  of  mercury  is  said  to  be  mercu- 
rialized. 

MERCURII  CALX  VITRIOLATA,  Hydrar- 
gyrus vitriolatus — m.  Deuto-ioduretum,  Hydrar- 


MERCURIUS 


586 


MERORRHEXIS 


gyri  iodidum  rubrum — m.  Proto-ioduretum,  Hy- 
drargyri  iodidum — ra.  Sperma,  Hydrargyrus  ace- 
tatus — m.  Terra  foliata,  Hydrargyrus  acetatus. 

MERCURIUS,  Hydrargyrum  —  m.  Acetatus, 
Hydrargyrus  acetatus — m.  Alkalisatus,  Hydrar- 
gyrum cum  creta  —  m.  Calcinatus,  Hydrargyri 
oxydum  rubrum — m.  Causticus  flavus,  Hydrargy- 
rus vitriolatus — m.  Cinereus,  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
Cinereum — m.  Cinnabarinus,  Hydrargyri  sulpbu- 
retum  rubrum — m.  Corallinus,  Hydrargyri  nitri- 
co-oxydum  —  m.  Corrosivus,  Hydrargyri  oxymu- 
rias— m.  Corrosivus  ruber,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum  —  m.  Corrosivus  sublimatus,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias  —  m.  Cosmeticus,  Hydrargyrum  prae- 
cipitatum  —  m.  Dulcis,  Hydrargyri  submurias  — 
m.  Emeticus  flavus,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  — 
m.  Gummosus  Plenckii,  Syrupus  de  mercurio 
mediante  guinmi — m.  Luteus,  Hydrargyrus  vitri- 
olatus— m.  Mortis,  Algaroth — m.  Niger  Moscati, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  einereum  —  m.  Nitrosus 
calide  paratus,  see  Hydrargyri  nitras  —  m.  Nitro- 
Bus  frigore  paratus,  Hydrargyri  nitras  —  m.  Prse- 
cipitatns  corrosivus,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydura 
—  m.  Pra3cipitatus  niger,  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
einereum  —  m.  Saccbaratus,  Hydrargyrum  sac- 
charatum  —  m.  Solubilis  of  Hahnemann,  see 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  einereum- — m.  Sublimatus 
dulcis,  Hydrargyri  submurias  —  m.  cum  Sul- 
phure,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  nigrum  —  m. 
Terrestris,  Polygonum  Hydropiper — ^m.  Vitse, 
Algaroth — m.  Zoticus  Hartmanni,  Hydrargyri 
submurias. 

MERCURY,  Hydrargyrum  —  m.  Acetate  of, 
Hydrargyrus  acetatus  —  m.  Acid  nitrate  of,  see 
Hydrargyri  nitras  —  m.  Ammoniated,  Hydrargy- 
rum prascipitatum  —  ra.  Ammonio-chloride  of, 
Hydrargyrum  pra?cipitatum  —  m.  Bichloride  of, 
Hydrargyri  oxymurias— m.  Biniodide  of,  Hy- 
drargyri iodidum  rubrum,  see  Iodine — m.  Bisul- 
phuret  of,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum  —  m. 
Bromide  of,  see  Bromine. 

Mehcury  with  Chalk,  Hydrargyrum  cum 
cretl,. 

Mebcury,  Chloride  of.  Mild,  Hydrargyri 
Bubmurias  —  m.  Compound  cerate  of,  Ceratum 
Hydrargyri  compositum  • — m.  Cyanuret  of,  Hy- 
drargyri cyanuretum — m.  Deuto-iodide  of,  see 
Iodine  —  m.  Dog's,  Mercurialis  perennis  —  m. 
English,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus  —  m. 
Prench,  Mercurial  —  m.  Iodide  of,  Hydrargyri 
Iodidum  —  m.  Iodide  of,  red,  Hydrargyri  Iodi- 
dum rubrum. 

Mercury,  Iodide  of  Chloride  of,  lod'idiim 
Hydrar'gyri  chlo'ridi,  Hjidrar'gyrvm  ioda'tum 
cum  cJilorido  mercu'i-ii,  (F.)  lodhydrargyrite  de 
ehlorure  mercureux.  Made  by  the  reaction  of 
iodine  on  mild  chloride  of  mercury.  Two  iodides 
may  be  prepared  —  the  iodide  and  the  hiniodide. 
Both  are  violent  irritants  :  the  biniodide,  espe- 
cially, is  a  powerful  caustic.  Both  have  been 
given  in  scrofula.  The  biniodide  is  only  used 
externally  like  nitrate  of  silver  in  scrofulous 
and  certain  syphilitic  ulcerations.  An  ointment 
of  the  iodide  (gr.  xv  ad  adipis  ^ij)  is  rubbed  on 
scrofulous  tviraefactions. 

Mercury,  Iodo-Arskmte  of,  Arsenic  and 
Mercury,  iodide  of — m.  Muriate  of,  corrosive,  Hy- 
drargyri oxymurias  —  m.  Muriate  of  mild,  Hy- 
drargyri submurias  —  m.  Nitrate  of,  Hydrargyri 
nitras  —  m.  Nitric  oxyd  of,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum  —  m.  Oxide  of,  black  or  gray,  Hydrar- 
gyri oxydum  einereum  —  m.  Oxide  of,  red,  Hy- 
drargyri oxydum  rubrum  —  m.  Oxymuriate  of, 
Hydrargyri  oxymurias  —  m.  Periodide  of,  Hy- 
drargyri iodidum  rubrura  —  m.  Phosphuretted, 
Hydrargyrus  phospboratus  —  m.  Precipitate  of, 
■white,  Hydrargyrum  prsecipitatum  —  m.  Proto- 
cbloride  of.  Ilydrargvri  submurias  —  m.  Protoio- 
dide  of,  sec  Llydriirgyri  iodidum,  and  Iodine — m. 


Prussiate  of,  Hydrargyri  cyanuretum  — m.  Solu- 
ble, Hydrargyri  nitras  —  m.  Subchloride  of,  Hy- 
drargyri submurias  —  m.  Submuriate  of,  Hydrar- 
gyri submurias — m.  Sulphuret  of,  black,  Hydrar- 
gyri sulphuretum  nigrum — m.  Sulphuret  of,  red, 
Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rebrum,  Realgar  —  m. 
Sulphuret  of,  with  Sulphur,  Hydrargyri  Sulphu- 
retum nigrum —  m.  Supernitrate  of,  Solution  of. 
see  Hydrargyri  nitras — m.  Tartrate  of,  Hydrargyri 
tartras — m.  Three-seeded,  Acalypha  Virginioa. 

Mercury  and  Arsenic,  Iodide  of.  Arsenic 
and  Mercury,  Iodide  of — m.  and  Quinia,  Proto 
chloride  of,  Hydrargyri  et  Quinise  Protocnlori- 
dum. 

MERDA,  Excrement. 
MERDIVOMUS,  Copremetus. 
MERDUS,  Excrement 

MERE  BES  PIANS,  Plan  -  m.  de  Seigle, 
Ergot. 

MEREMPHRAX'IS,  from  jUEpo?,  'a  part,'  and 
tfuppai,ii,  'obstruction.'  Obstruction  or  infarction 
of  an  organ. 

MEBICUS,  Local. 

MERIDRO'SIS,  Sudor  partia'lis  seu  locn'Us ; 
from  jitfios,  '  a  part,'  and  'lipman,  'sweating.'     A 
partial  perspiration. 
MERIMNA,  Cura. 
MERIMNE,-Cura. 
MERISTER,  Prunus  avium. 
MERISMOPCEDIA   VENTRICULI,    Sarcina 
ventriculi. 

MEROBALANEUM,  Bath,  partial. 
MEROBALNEUM,  Bath,  partial. 
MEROCE'LE,  Miroee'le,  Iferorix'is,  3/'eror- 
rhex'ifi,  from  iirjpos, '  the  thigh,'  and  xriXri,  '  tumour  ;' 
Hernia  criira'lis  seu  femora'lia, Fern' oral  or  criiral, 
hernia,  (F.)  Hemic  crurale  ou  fenioraJe.  In  this 
hernia,  the  viscera  issue  from  the  abdomen 
through  the  crural  canal ;  or  through  an  opening 
immediately  on  the  outer  side  of  Gimbernat's 
ligament,  which  gives  passage  to  lymphatic  ves- 
sels. This  affection  is  more  frequent  in  the  female 
than  in  the  male,  and  especially  in  those  who 
have  had  children.  The  tumour,  formed  by 
merocele,  is  generally  small,  round,  and  more  or 
less  difficult  of  reduction.  In  other  respects,  it 
possesses  all  the  characters  of  hernia.  The  neck 
of  the  sac  has,  close  on  the  outside,  the  epigastric 
artery  ;  above,  the  spermatic  cord  and  spermatic 
artery  in  the  male  — the  round  ligament  in  the 
female;  on  the  inside,  Gimbernat's  ligament; 
and  below,  the  pubes.  When  the  obturator  artery 
arises  from  the  epigastric,  it  generally  passes  on 
the  outside  of  and  below  the  orifice  of  the  sac; 
sometimes,  however,  it  takes  a  turn  above,  and 
then  to  the  inside  of  the  opening.  J.  Cloquet 
asserts,  that  of  134  cases,  in  one  only  did  he  find 
the  epigastric  artery  on  the  inside  of  the  orifice 
of  the  sac. 

The  operation,  required  in  strangulation  of  this 
variety,  may    be   practised   on    the    aponeurotic 
opening,  by  cutting  downwards  and  inwards  on 
the  side  of  Gimbernat's  ligament. 
MEROCOXALGIA,  Coxalgia. 
MEROL'OGY.     Merolog"i'a,     (F.)     Merologie, 
from  /utfjof,  'apart,'  and  Xoyof,  'a  discourse.'    The 
branch  of  anatomy,  which  treats  of  the  elementary 
constituents  of  the  tissues   and  humours  of  the* 
organism. — Robin  and  Verdeil. 

MERO'PTA,    from   fiffio?,    'a   part,'  and   o(,:s, 
'vision.'     A  partial  obscurity  of  vision. 
MERORIXTS,  Merocele. 

MERORRHEU'MA,  Rheumafis'mvs  pnrtin'lin 
seu  loca'lis  seu  Blemhro'rrtm  singulo'rum  ;  from 
IJicpos,  'a  part,' and  f)£V)ja,  'defluxion,  rheumatism. 
Rheumatism  affecting  a  part.  Topical  or  local 
rheumatism. 

MERORRHEXIS,  Merocele. 


MEROS 


587 


MESENTERY 


MEROS.  Femur,  Thigh. 

MERRY-ANDREW.  An  itinerant  quaclf,  who 
exposes  his  nostrums  for  sale  at  fairs  and  mar- 
kets. See  Charlatan. — So  called  from  Dr.  An- 
drew Boorde,  who  lived  in  the  reigns  of  Henry 
VIII.,  Edward  VI.,  and  Queen  Mary,  and  who 
■was  in  the  habit  of  frequenting  fairs  and  markets, 
at  which  he  harangued  the  populace. 

MERTEN'SIA  VIRGIN'ICA,  Pulmona'ria 
Virgin'ica,  Virgin'ian  Cowslip,  Smooth  Lung- 
wort;  indigenous.  Family,  Boraginacese.  Tlie 
plant  is  mucilaginous,  and  may  be  used  as  a  de- 
mulcent. 

MERULIUS,  Morchella  Esculenta  —  m.  Auri- 
cula, Peziza  auricula. 

MERUS,  Nera'cus,  A'cratoa,  'pure,  genuine;' 
as  Vinnm  meruni,  unmixed  wine. 
Merus,  Femur,  Thigh. 
MERVINE,  MALE,  Cypripedium  lateum. 
MERYCISMUS,  Rumination. 
31ER  YCOLE,  see  Rumination. 
MERYCOLOG"IA,  from  ixrjpvKao),  '  I  ruminate,' 
and  A.jyof,  'a  description.'     Any  work  on  rumi- 
nation may  be  so  termed. 

MERYPERTROPH'IA,  from  nepo^,  'a  part,' 
and  hypertrophia,  '  supernutrition.'  Hypertrophy 
of  a  part. 

MESA,  Genital  organs. 
MESAR^UM,  Mesentery. 
MESARAIC,  Mesenteric. 
MESEMAR,  Mismar. 

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM  COPTICUM,  see 
Soda. 

Mesembryan'themum:  Crystal'linum,  3f. 
Jicoi'des  {ij£irr;ii(^f,taw,  '  to  do  at  noon,'  because  its 
flowers  expand  at  midday.)  Di'amond  fig-mary- 
gold,  Ice-p!ant,  (F.)  Glaciale,  Crystalline.  Nat. 
Orel.  Ficoideoe:  a  plant  common  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Cape  Town.  It  has  been  recom- 
mended in  dysuria,  ischuria,  and  some  other 
affections  of  tlie  urinary  organs. 

MESEMBRV^i-NTHEMUM  Edu'le,  and  M.  acina- 
eiforme,  South  African  plants,  are  much  used  as 
domestic  remedies  at  the  Cape.  The  expressed 
juice  of  the  leaves  acts  as  an  astringent  in  dy- 
senter}',  and  as  a  mild  diuretic.  It  is  also  used 
as  an  antiseptic  gargle  in  malignant  sore  throat, 
violent  salivation  and  aphthae,  and  as  a  lotion  to 
burns  and  scalds. 

Mrsejibryan'themum  Tortuo'sum,  also  a 
South  African  plant,  is  said  to  possess  narcotic 
properties. 

MESENOEPHALE,  Medulla  oblongata.  Pons 
Varolii. 

MES'ENTERIC,  Mesara'ic,  iTesenter'icus,  3fe- 
sara'icus,  Mesara'icus,  (F.)  ilesenterique,  Mesa- 
ra'ique ;  from  fitaivTipiov,  or  ixeaapatov,  'the 
mesentery.'  That  which  relates  or  belongs  to 
the  mesentery. 

Mesenteric  Arteries  are  two  in  number,  and 
distinguished  into,  1.  The  Superior  mesenteric, 
which  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdo- 
minal aorta,  below  the  coeliac.  It  immediately 
descends  to  the  left,  forwards,  behind  the  pan- 
creas, and  in  front  of  the  third  portion  of  the 
duodenum, — to  gain  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
mesentery,  where  it  makes  a  long  curvature,  the 
convexity  of  which  is  turned  forwards  and  to  the 
left.  Towards  the  termination  of  the  ileum,  it 
ends  by  anastomosing  with  a  branch  of  the  A. 
coliea  dextra  inferior.  At  its  concavity,  it  gives 
off  the  three  Arteries  coliea  dextra,  which  belong 
to  the  great  intestine;  and,  at  its  convexity,  it 
sends  off  fifteen  or  twenty  branches,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  small  intestine,  after  having 
formed  numerous  arches  by  their  anastomoses. 

2.  The  Inferior  Jfesenteric  Artery  arises  from 
the  anterior  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta,  an  inch 


and  a  half  before  its  termination.  It  descends, 
on  the  left  side,  behind  the  peritoneum;  engages 
itself  in  the  substance  of  the  iliac  mesocolon, 
forming  a  considerable  curvature,  whose  con- 
vexity faces  the  left  side.  When  it  reaches  the 
brim  of  the  pelvis,  it  passes  along  the  posterior 
separation  of  the  mesorectum,  and  attains  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  anus,  under  the  name  iS"*;- 
perior  hemorrhoidal  artery.  It  gives  off  no  branch 
at  its  concave  part;  but,  from  the  convex,  the 
three  Arteria  coUccb  sinistrce  arise. 

Mesenteric  Disease,  Tabes  mesenterica. 
Mesenteric  Glands  are  the  lymphatic  g.in- 
glions  of  the  mesentery.  Through  them,  the 
chyliferous  vessels  pass  to  the  thoracic  duct. 
Their  uses  are  unknown.  When  diseased,  nutri- 
tion is  interfered  with,  and  atrophy  produced. 

Mesenteric  Hernia.  If  one  of  the  layers  of 
the  mesentery  be  torn  by  a  blow,  whilst  the  other 
remains  in  its  natural  state,  the  intestines  may 
insinuate  themselves  into  the  aperture,  and  form 
a  kind  of  hernia.     It  is  not  known  during  life. 

Mesenteric  Plexuses  are  furnished  by  the 
solar  plexus,  and  have  been  distinguished  into 
superior  anA  inferior ;  like  the  mesenteric  arte- 
ries which  they  accompany. 

Mesenteric  or  Mesaraic  Veins  are  two  in 
number,  and  belong  to  the  vena  porta.  They 
are  distinguished  into,  1.  The  Superior  mesenteric 
or  mesaraic  or  great  mesaraic.  This  trunk  re- 
ceives, from  above  to  below  and  on  the  right  side, 
the  three  vena  coliea  dextra  and  the  Oastro- 
epiploica  dextra.  Into  its  left  side,  the  veins  of 
the  small  intestine  open.  It  passes  in  front  of 
the  transverse  portion  of  the  duodenum;  and, 
behind  the  pancreas,  unites  with  the  splenic  vein 
to  concur  in  the  formation  of  the  vena  porta. 

The  inferior  or  lesser  mesenteric  vein  corre- 
sponds to  the  artery  of  the  same  name,  and 
opens  into  the  splenic,  near  the  union  of  that 
vein  with  the  superior  mesenteric,  and  behind  the 
pancreas. 

3IESENTERTQ  HE,  Mesenteric. 
MESENTERIITIS,  Mesenteritis. 
MESENTERI'TIS,  Mesenterii'tis,  Empres'ma 
peritoni'tis  mesenter'ica,  Enteri'tis  mesenter'ica, 
Inflamma'tion  of  the  mesentery  ;  from  itcctvTcpiov, 
'mesentery,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
The  pain  is  here  deeper  seated  and  more  imme- 
diately in  the  mesenteric  region.  The  external 
tenderness  is  less  than  in  some  of  the  other 
varieties  of  peritonitis. 

MESENTERIUM,  Mesentery  — m.  Crassum, 
Mesocolon. 

MESENTERON,  Mesentery. 
MESENTEROPHTHISIS,  Tabes  mesenterica. 
MES'ENTERY,  ilesenter'ium,  Mesarai'on, 
itesara'um,  Ifedia'num,  Memira'na  pinguis  in- 
testino'rum,  Lactes,  3Iesen'teron,  Bfesera'um,  Me- 
sora'um,  Medium  intesti'mim,  Epichor'dis ;  from 
fi£croj.  'in  the  middle,'  and  evrepov,  'intestine.' 
(F.)  3fesentere.  A  term  in  anatomy,  applied  to 
several  duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum,  which 
maintain  the  different  portions  of  the  intestinal 
canal  in  their  respective  situations ;  allowing, 
however,  more  or  less  motion.  They  are 
formed  of  two  lamina,  between  which  are  con- 
tained the  corresponding  portion  of  intestine  and 
the  vessels  that  pass  to  it.  One  onlj'  of  these 
duplicatures  has  received  the  name  mesentery, 
properly  so  called.  This  belongs  to  the  small 
intestine,  which  it  suspends  and  retains  in  situ. 
Its  posterior  margin,  which  is  the  smallest,  is 
straight,  and  descends  obliquely  from  the  left 
side  of  the  body  of  the  second  lumbar  vertebra 
to  the  right  iliac  fossa.  Its  anterior  margin  is 
curved,  undulating,  plaited,  and  corresponds  tc 
the  whole  length  of  the  small  intestine.  The 
mesentery  contains,   between    the   two   laminae 


MESERA 


588 


MESPILTJS 


whicli  form  it,  a  number  of  lymphatic  ganglions  ; 
the  trunks  and  branches  of  the  mesenteric  ves- 
sels ;  the  nervous  plexuses  accompanying  them, 
and  many  lacteals  and  lymphatics. 
MESERA.  Tutia. 
MESER^UM,  Mesentery. 
MESERAION,  Mesentery. 
ME'SIAL,  from  jitaog,  'in  the  middle.'      Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  the  middle. 

Mesial  Plank,  an  imaginary  ^jZane,  dividing 
the  head,  neck,  and  trunk  into  similar  halves, 
towards  right  and  left.  Every  aspect  towards 
this  plane  is  mesial;  and  every  aspect  towards 
right  or  left  is  lateral;  every  lateral  aspect  being 
devtrnl  or  sinistral. 

MESIAMUM,  Aniceton. 

MESMER'IC,  Mesmer'icus;  from  Anthony 
Mesmer,  the  great  promulgator  of  animal  magnet- 
ism. Relating  to  mesmerism  or  animal  magnet- 
ism : — as  the  '  mesmeric  state,'  '  mesmeric  sleep,' 
&c.  &c. 

MESMERISM,  Magnetism,  animal. 
MES'MERIST.     A  practiser  of,  or  believer  in, 
mesmerism. 

MESMERIZA'TION,  3lagnetiza'tion.  The  act 
of  mesmerizing.  The  state  of  being  mesmerized. 
MES'MERIZED,  Ifesmeriza'tus,  Mag'netized. 
Affected  with  mesmerism  or  animal  magnetism. 
When  the  person  is  in  a  state  of  '  magnetic  sleep,' 
he  is  said  to  be  hyp'notized. 

MES'MERIZER,  Animal  STagneti'zer,  3fag- 
neti'zer.     One  who  practises  mesmerism. 

MESMERO-PHRENOLOGY,Phreno-magnet- 
ism. 

MESO,  ficang,  'in  the  middle.'  A  prefix  to 
certain  words. 

MESOBREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 
MESOC^'CUM,  (??(e.5o  and  cfBcum).     A  name 
given   to  a  duplieature   of  the  peritoneum,    (in 
some  persons  only,)  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
caecum. 

MESOCEPHALE,  Medulla  oblongata.  Pons 
Varolii. 

MESOCHON'DRIAC,  3TesocTiondri'acus ;  from 
meso,  and  ■)(ovhpoi,  '  cartilage.'  A  name  given  by 
Boerhaave  to  fleshy  fibres  situate  between  the 
cartilaginous  rings  of  the  trachea. 

MESOCOL'IC,  Ifesoco'licus.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.  Belonging  or  relating  to  the  meso- 
colon. 

MESOCO'LOiST,  ITesoco'lnm,  Ifesenter'ium  eras- 
Bum,  from  meso,  and  k(d\ov,  'the  colon.'  A  name 
given  to  the  duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum, 
which  fix  the  different  parts  of  the  colon  to  the 
abdominal  parietes.  It  has  received  different 
names,  according  to  its  situation.  The  right 
lumbar  mesocolon  &xes  the  ascending  colon  to  the 
corresponding  lumbar  region.  The  transverse 
mesocolon  arises  from  the  concave  arch  of  the 
colon,  and  forms  a  septum  between  the  epigastric 
and  umbilical  regions.  Its  inferior  portion  is 
continuous  with  the  mesentery.  The  left  lumbar 
mesocolon,  vfhich  contains  the  ascending  colon,  is 
continuous  below  with  the  Iliac  mesocolon.  The 
Inst  includes  between  its  layers  the  sigmoid  flex- 
ure of  the  colon,  and  ends  in  the  mesorectum. 
Under  the  right  kidney,  it  is  narrow  and  firm, 
and  forms  the  right  lig'ament  of  the  colon:  at  the 
under  end  of  the  left  kidney,  it  forms  the  left 
lig'ament  of  the  colon. 

MESOCRANIUM,  Sinciput. 
MESOCRANUM,  Sinciput. 
MESODERMUM,  Corpus  mucosum. 
MESODME,  Mediastinum. 
MESODMI'TIS,  from  f,£(7o^/i»7,  (//£(7o?,  'middle,' 
and  ionoq,  'a  building.')  'the  mediastinum,'  and 
itis,  'inflammation.'    MesotcBchi'tis,  3fediastini'tis, 
Inflamma'tio  mediasti'ni.     Inflammation   of  the 
mediastinum. 


MESOEPIDID'YMIS,  from  utao?,  'middle,' 
and  zTii&i6vjxii,  '  epididymis.'  A  double  serous 
fold,  like  the  mesocolon,  formed  by  the  tunica 
vaginalis  passing  from  the  body  of  the  epididy- 
mis, and  uniting  it  to  the  testicle. 

MESOGASTRIUM,  Umbilical  region. 
ME.SOGASTRIUM  MlJLLERi.   A  portion  of  mesen- 
tery, which  passes  from  the  vertebral  column  to 
the  left  curvature  of  the  stomach. 
MESOGLOSSUS,  Genioglossus. 
MESOGLOTTUS,  Genioo;lossus. 
MESOGONIUM,  Internodium. 
MESOLO'BAR.       Belonging    or    relating    to 
the  3Iesolobe  or  Corpus  callo'sum. 

Mesolobae  Arteries,  Arte'ricB  mesolob'icm, 
A.  cor'poris  callo'si  cer'ehri,  are  the  arteries  of 
the  corpus  callosum. 

3IES0L0BE,  Corpus  callosum. 
MESOMER'IA,    from   meso,    and    iicpog,    'tho 
thigh.'     The  parts  of  the  body  situate  between 
the  thighs  and  hips. 

MESOMERION,  PerinEeum. 
MESOMPHALUM,  Umbilicus. 
MESOPHLEB'IUM,  from  meso,  and  4.\t^,  'a 
vein ;'    Interve' nium.      The    space    between    two 
veins. 

MESOPH'RYON,  Glabell'a,  Gabel'la,  Intereil'- 
him,  ileto'pium.  Nasal  eminence,  from  meso,  and 
o(ppva,  'the  eyebrows.'  The  part  between  the 
eyebrows. 

MESOPLEURIUM,  Intercostal  space. 
MESOPLEURIUS,  Intercostal. 
MESOR^UM,  Mesentery. 
MESOR'CHIUM,  from  meso,  and  opx-'?,  'a  tes- 
ticle.'    A  duplieature  of  the  peritoneum,  which 
supports  the  testicle  in  its  passage  from  the  abdo- 
men into  the  scrotum. — Seiler. 

MESORECTUM.  A  hybrid  word  :  from  meso, 
and  rectum,  'the  intestine  rectum.'  A  triangular 
reflection,  formed  by  the  peritoneum,  between  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  rectum  and  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  sacrum.  Between  the  two  layers 
of  which  the  meso  rectum  is  composed  are  found 
much  areolar  tissue,  and  the  termination  of  the 
inferior  mesenteric  vessels. 
MESOS,  Meso. 

MESOSCEOCELE.  Hernia,  perineal. 
MESOSCELON.  Perinseum. 
MESOSCELOPHY'MA,  from  3resoscelon,{meso, 
and  (XKc'Xog,  'leg,')  'perinaeum,'  and  (pvixa,  'swel- 
lins.'     A  tumour  of  the  perinfeum. 

MESOTH'ENAR,  from  iitaog,  and  Sevap,  '  the 
thenar,'  'the  palm  of  the  hand.'  A  muscle, 
which  carries  the  thumb  towards  the  palm, 
Winslow  applied  the  term  to  the  abductor  polli- 
cis,  united  to  the  deep-seated  portion  of  the  flexor 
brevis  pollicis. 

MESOT'ICA,  from  licaog,  'middle.'     Diseases 
affecting  the  parenchyma.     Pravity  in  the  quan- 
tity or  quality  of  the  intermediate  or  connecting 
substance  of  organs  ;  without  inflammation,  fever, 
or  other  derangement  of  the  general  health.    The 
first  Order,  class  Eccritica  of  Good. 
MESOTffiCHITIS,  Mesodmitis. 
MESOTCECHIUM.  Mediastinum. 
MESOTCECIIUM,  Mediastinum. 
MES'PILUS,  J/es/)?7«.9  German'ica  seu  domes'- 
tica.      Ord.  Rosacese.     The  medlar,  (F.)  Neflier. 
The  fruit   (F.)  Nefle,  and    seeds   of  the  medlar 
have  both  been  used  medicinally  : — the  immature 
fruit  as  an  astringent,  and  the  seeds  in  nephritic 
diseases.  See  Cratsecus  Aria  and  Sorbus  acuparia. 
Mespiltis  Aria,  Crataegus  aria — m.  Domestica, 
Mespilus,  Sorbus  domestica — m.  Germanica,  Mes- 
pilus — m.  Intermedia,  Mespilus  oxyacantha — m. 
Lasvigata,  Mespilus  oxyacantha. 

Mespilus  Oxyacan'tha,  31.  O.ryncantliot' dea 
sou  interme'dia  seu  Iceviga'ta,  Oxyacantha,  Spina, 
alba,     White    Hawthorn.    (F.)    Aubejiine.       The 


MET  A 


589 


METAMORPHOPSIA 


flowers  of  this  uncommon  European  plant  are 
sometimes  used  in  infusion  as  a  pectoral. 

Mespilus  Oxyacanthoides,  Mespilus  oxya- 
cantha. 

MET  A,  i^cTa,  Jlleth,'  ji!:B\  'with,'  'together 
with/  'afrer,'  'change  of  form  and  place.'  A 
common  prefix  to  words.     Hence; 

METAB'ASIS,  Tran'sitm,  Melah'oU,  Neta- 
hol'ia,  Metal'lage,  lleiallax'is,  from  fizTafiaivui, 
{meta,  and  ^aivui,  •  I  go/)  '  I  digress.'  A  change 
of  remedy,  practice,  &c. — Hippocrates. 

METABOLE,  Metabasis,  Transformation. 

METABOLEL'OGY,  Metaholelog"ia ;  from 
ficTal^oXri,  (meta,  and  /^aXAui,)  'change,'  and  Xoyog, 
'a  description.'  A  description  of  the  changes 
which  supervene  in  the  course  of  a  disease. 

METABOLIA,  Metabasis. 

METABOL'IC,  Ifetabol'icus,  from  licra^olr,, 
'  change.'  Appertaining  to  change  or  transfor- 
mation. 

Metabol'ic  Force.  Vis  metahol'ica.  A  term 
employed  by  Schwann  for  the  power  possessed 
by  living  cells  of  changing  the  character  of  the 
substances  brought  in  contact  with  them. 

METACAR'PAL,  Metocarpia'nus,  (F.)  3Ieta- 
carpien.  From  meta,  and  Kapirog,  '  wrist/  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  metacarpus. 

Metacarpal  KuTEnY,  Arte'ria  dorsa'lis  meta- 
car'2}i,  arises  from  the  radial,  at  the  moment  it 
engages  itself  in  the  upper  extremity  of  the  ab- 
ductor indicis.  It  descends  obliquely  upon  the 
back  of  the  hand.  Its  branches  are  distributed 
to  the  abductor  indicis,  and  the  integuments: 
some  communicate  with  the  dorsalis  carpi. 

Metacarpal  Articula'tioxs  are  those  by 
which  the  last  four  metacarpal  bones  are  united 
together  at  their  upper  extremity. 

Metacarpal  Bones,  or  bones  which  compose 
the  metacarpus,  are  five  in  number;  and  distin- 
guished into  fii'st,  second,  third,  &o.,  beginning 
from  the  outer  or  radial  side.  They  are  articu- 
lated by  their  superior  extremity  with  the  bones 
of  the  second  range  of  the  carpus;  and  by  the 
lower  with  the  first  phalanges. 

Metacarpal  LiG'AMENT,/;i/e'j-i'or^a?ma»-Z?jf'- 
ament,  is  a  fibrous  band,  stretched  transversely 
before  the  inferior  extremities  of  the  last  four 
metacarpal  bones,  which  it  keeps  in  their  respec- 
tive positions. 

Metacarpal  Phalan'ges  are  the  first  pha- 
langes of  the  fingers ;  so  called,  because  they 
are  articulated  with  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus. 

Metacarpal  Range  or  row  of  the  carpal 
bones,  (F.)  Jiaitgee  mefacarpienne  du  carpe,  is 
the  lower  row  of  carpal  bones  ;  so  called  because 
they  are  articulated  with  the  bones  of  the  meta- 
carpus. It  is  composed  of  the  trapezium,  trape- 
zoides,  magnum,  and  unciforme. 

METACARPEUS,  Abductor  metacarpi  minimi 
digiti. 

ifETACARPIEN,  Metacarpal  —  ot.  du  Petit 
doigt,  Opponens  minimi  digiti — m.  du  Pouce,  Op- 
ponens  pollicis. 

METACARPION,  Metacarpus. 

METACARPO-PHALANG^US  POLLICIS, 
Adductor  pollicis  manus. 

METACAR'PO-PHALAN'GIAN,  Ifetaearpo- 
phalangia'ntis,  Metacarpo-plial' angal,  (F.)  3Ieia- 
carpo-phalangien.  That  which  belongs  to  the 
metacarpus  and  phalanges. 

Metacarpo-Phalangian  or  Metacarpo-Pha- 
LANGAL  Articulations  are  formed  by  the  bones 
of  the  metacarpus  and  the  corresponding  pha- 
langes. In  these  articulations,  the  bony  surfaces 
are  incrusted  with  cartilage,  covered  by  a  syno- 
vial membrane,  and  kept  in  connexion  by  means 
of  an  anterior  and  two  lateral  ligaments. 


ilETACARPO-PHALANGIEN  LATERAL 
SUS-PALMAIRE,^  ET  3IETACARP0-PHA- 
LANGIEN  LATERAL,  Interosseus  manus. 

METACAR'PUS,  same  etymon  as  Metacar- 
pal. Metacar'pion,  Poslbrachia'le,  Postcar'pium, 
Tarsus  mantis,  (F.)  Metacarpe.  The  part  of  the 
hand  comprised  between  the  carpus  and  fingers. 
It  is  composed  of  five  parallel  bones,  called  meta- 
carpal;  forming  the  back  of  the  hand,  externally, 
and  the  palm  internally. 

METACERASMA,  Cerasma. 

METACHEIRIXIS,  Surgery. 

METACHIRISIS,  Surgery. 

METACHIRISMUS,  Surgery, 

METACHORESIS,  Metastasis. 

METACHYSIS,  Transfusion. 

METACINEMA,  Metastasis. 

METACINESIS,  Metastasis. 

METACOXDYLE,  see  Phalanx. 

METACYE'SIS,  from  meta,  and  Kvr/fft;,  'preg- 
nancy;' Gravid'itas  extra- uteri' na  secunda'ria. 
Extra-uterine  pregnancy  in  which  the  foetus  is  at 
first  in  the  uterus,  but  subsequently  in  some 
other  place. 

METADERMATO'SIS,  from  meta,  and  cipfia, 
'skin.'  A  morbid  development  of  the  epidermis 
or  epithelium. 

METAGEN'ESIS,  (F.)  Metagenese,  AUern'ate 
genera' tion,  from  fina,  and  yij/to-if,  'generation.', 
A  term,  proposed  by  Professor  Owen,  to  express 
the  changes  of  form,  which  one  animal  species 
undergoes  in  a  series  of  successively  produced 
individuals,  extending  from  the  one  developed 
from  the  ovum  to  that  which  becomes  the  imago 
or  last  perfected  individual.  This  term  he  em- 
ploys in  contradistinction  to  metamorphosis,  which 
he  restricts  to  the  changes  of  form  undergone  by 
one  and  the  same  individual.  See  Generation, 
alternate. 

METAL,  3IetnVJum.  From  neraWaw,  'I  seek 
after.'  A  class  of  simple,  combustible  bodies  ; 
distinguished  from  others  by  considerable  specific 
gravity;  a  particular  splendour;  almost  total 
opacity;  insolubility  in  water:  and  the  property 
they  have  of  ringing  when  struck.  Metals  have 
no  effect,  except  of  a  mechanical  nature,  when 
taken  into  the  stomach  ;  unless  they  have  already 
undergone,  or  undergo  in  the  stomach,  oxidation 
or  union  with  an  acid;  when,  at  times,  delete- 
rious compounds  may  be  formed.  Copper  cents  ; 
half-pence;  quicksilver;  lead,  have  frequently 
been  swallowed  in  the  metallic  state  with  im- 
punity. Tin  and  mercury  are  the  only  metals 
prescribed  for  a  mechanical  effect;  the  former  as 
an  anthelmintic, — the  latter,  idly  enough,  in  cases 
of  fancied  intussusception. 

M:ETAL  JDES  cloches,  Bell-metal. 

METALLAGE,  Metabasis. 

METALLAXIS,  Metallage. 

METALLIC  VOICE,  Tintement  m^faUiqne. 

METALLODYN'IA,  from  fttraXXov,  'a  metal/ 
and  oSvvrj,  'pain.'  Pain  owing  to  the  injurious 
influence  of  a  metal — as  lead,  quicksilver,  &a. 

METALLUM,  Metal — m.  Hsematopoeticum, 
ferrum. 

METAMORPH OP'SIA,  Phanfasmascop'ia, 
Phantasmatoscop'ia,  from  ijcrafiop(j;ooo,  (/Jtera  and 
/lopipri,  'form,')  'I  transform,  and  o\pis,  'vision.' 
Suffu'sio,  S.  Oeulo'rum  seu  metamorpJiop' sis  seu 
myo'des,  Imagination  (Maitre- Jean) ;  Crnpsia, 
Marmar'yge,  llarmor'i/ge,  Mac'ulcB  ante  oc'iilog 
volitan'tes,  3farau'gia,  Oe'uli  marmarygo'des, 
Vis'io  phanias'matum,  Visus  dejigura'tus,  False 
sight,  (F.)  Serine.  Aberration  of  the  sense  of 
sight,  which  transmits  the  image  of  imaginary  ob- 
jects. This  affection  sometimes  depends  on  a 
slight  opacity  in  the  transparent  parts  of  the  eye  ; 
the  cornea,  crystalline,  or  vitreous  humour,  wheu 


METAMORPHOSIS 


590 


METATHESIS 


it  is  symptomatic  and  of  no  consequence.  At 
other  times,  it  appears  to  be  idiopathic  ;  and  oc- 
curs particularly  in  those  who  have  been  in  the 
habit  of  constantly  fixing  their  eyes  on  very 
brilliant  or  small  bodies.  The  objects  fancied  to 
be  seen  are  various.  They  are  sometimes  circu- 
lar, perpetually  moving ;  or  shining,  or  black  spots, 
cobwebs,  insects,  or  pieces  of  wool — when  they 
are  often  termed  IfitsccB  sen  Floeei  volitan'tes, 
(F.)  Moiiches  volantes,  and  the  condition  Visus 
wnsca'rum,  Scofom'ata,  Snffu'sio  ITyo'des,  Blyio- 
deop'sia,  llyiodop'sia,  3Ii/odeops{a,  Myodeso'pia, 
Visiin  musea'rum.  These  appea  ances  sometimes 
continue  for  a  few  days  ;  being  dependent  on  the 
state  of  the  nerves  of  the  individual  at  the  time; 
or  they  may  exist  for  life,  and  ultimately  impair 
the  sight.  Certain  of  them  change  their  position, 
and  appear  to  be  seated  in  the  humours  of  the 
eye,  and — it  has  been  supposed — in  the  vitreous 
humour  more  especially:  hence  the  term  ento- 
hy'aloid  mtisccB  applied  to  them. 

If  the  affection  be  symptomatic,  it  is  of  but 
little  moment.  If  idiopathic,  and  connected  with 
any  excitement  of  the  brain,  which  is  not  often 
the  case,  attention  will  have  to  be  paid  to  that 
organ. 

METAMORPHOSIS,  see  Metagenesis. 
Metamorphosis  Ventriculi  Gelatiniforsiis, 
Gastromalaeia. 
METANGISMOS,  Decantation. 
METAPEDIUM,  Metatarsus. 
METAPHRENON,  Dorsum. 
METAPHYTEIA,  Transplantatio. 
METAPODIUM,  Metatarsus. 
METAPOROPCE'A,      3fetaporopoe'«!i>,      from 
weta,  nopoi,  'a  pore,'  and  ttoucv,  'to  make.'     The 
change  produced  in  the  minute  pores,  in  the  ca- 
pillary extremities  of  vessels,  —  when  they  pass 
from  the  morbid  to  the  healthy  condition. — Galen. 
METAPTO'SIS,  3fetaschenatis'mus,  3fetasche- 
tnnt'i^is.       Mutation,     change ;    from    fieraTniTTui, 
{/jisTa,    and   vitttui,    'I   fall,')    'I   digress.'      Any 
change  in  the  form  or  seat  of  a  disease.     Trans- 
formntion. 

METARRHCE'A,  3retar'rh/sis,  from  piefa, 
and  ptu,  '  I  flow.'  Reflux.  The  transfer  of  a 
disease  from  without  to  within,  or  from  one  part 
to  another. 

METARRHYSIS,  Metarrhoea. 
METASCHEMATISIS.  Metaptosis. 
METASCHEMATISMUS,  Metaptosis. 
METAS'TASIS,  3refachore'sis,  3Ictacine'ma, 
3fetac{ne'sh,  from  fitQiGTtjixi,  (liera,  and  larripn,  '  I 
place,')  '  I  change  place.'  Disj^lace'ment,  Trans- 
lo'tion.  A  change  in  the  seat  of  a  disease;  at- 
tributed, by  the  Humorists,  to  the  translation  of 
the  morbific  matter  to  a  part  different  from  that 
which  it  had  previously  occupied :  and  by  the 
Solidists,  to  the  displacement  of  the  irritation. 
It  has  also  been  used  in  the  same  extensive  sense 
ns  Metaptosis.  Disputes  have  often  been  in- 
dulged, whether  a  case  of  metastasis  ought  not 
rather  to  be  esteemed  one  of  extension  of  the  dis- 
ease. The  phenomena  of  gout  and  acute  rheu- 
matism are  in  favour  of  metastasis  occasionally 
supervening. 

Metastasis  Lactis,  Galactoplania,  Pblegma- 
tia  dnlens. 

METASTAT'IC,  3retastat'icns,  (F.)  3masta- 
V'qne.  Belonging  or  relating  to  metastasis.  A 
metastatic  crisis  is  one  produced  by  metastasis : — 
a  metastatic  affection,  one  caused  by  metastasis, 
&e.     See  Abscess,  metastatic. 

METASYN'CRISIS,  from  meta,  and  ffuy-fpivw, 
(o-iiy.  and  Kpivbi,  'I  choose,'  'I  judge.')  Recom- 
pnsi"tion.  A  word  employed  by  some  disciples 
of  Asclepiades.  This  physician  supposed,  that 
all  animals  are  formed  by  the  union  or  assem- 
blage of  atoms.     He  designated  all  bodies  by  the 


word  cvyKpijiara,  which  signifies  'assemblage. 
"ZvyKpivta^ai,  '  to  be  assembled,'  was,  with  him' 
synonymous  with  'to  exist;'  and  iiaKptvea^ai,  'to 
separate,'  was,  with  him,  synonymous  with  'to 
dissolve,'  '  to  cease  to  exist.'  The  word  3Ietasyn- 
crisis  was  invented  to  express  the  recomposition 
of  bodies  after  their  momentary  dissolution. 
Some  have  rendered  the  word  by  the  Latin  Be- 
corpora'tio. 

METASYNCRIT'IC,  Metafyncrit'icua,  Recor- 
porati'mis.  Belonging  or  relating  to  metasyncri- 
sis.  A  name  formerly  given  to  medicines  to 
which  was  attributed  the  virtue  of  producing  the 
metasyncrisis  or  regeneration  of  the  body,  or 
some  of  its  parts. 

Metasyncritic  Cycle  meant  a  determinate 
series  of  remedies  employed  for  this  purpose. 

METATAR'SAL,  3Ietatar'seus,  (F.)  3[etatar- 
sien.  Same  etymon  as  metatarsus.  Relating  or 
belonging  to  the  metatarsus. 

Metatarsal  Artery,  Artere  sns-metatarsienne 
of  Chaussier,  arises  from  the  Arteria  dorsa'lis 
Tarsi ;  passes  transversely  over  the  back  of  the 
foot;  and  furnishes,  at  its  convexity,  which  is 
anterior,  three  branches,  called  A.  interos'secp. 
dorsa'les  Pedis.  These  branches  are  distributed 
in  the  interosseous  spaces. 

Metatarsal  Articdla'tions  are  those  result- 
ing from  the  junction  of  the  metatarsal  bones 
with  each  other.  They  are  strengthened,  behind, 
by  dorsal  and  lilantar  ligaments  ;  and  before,  by 
a  transverse  metatarsal  ligament,  which  is  plantar, 
and  has  the  greatest  analogy  to  the  inferior  trans- 
verse metacarpal  ligament. 

Metatarsal  Bones,  (F.)  Os  metatarsiens,  are 
five  in  number,  and  distinguished  by  their  num- 
ber; first,  second,  third,  &c.,  reckoning  from  the 
outer  side. 

Metatarsal  Phalanges  are  the  first  pha- 
langes of  the  toes;  so  called  because  they  are 
united  to  the  metatarsus. 

Metatarsal  Row — (F.)  Rangie  metatarsienne 
—  of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  is  the  second  row. 
or  that  contiguous  to  the  metatarsus ;  compre- 
hending the  cuboides  and  three  cuneiform  bones  : 
some  add  the  scaphoides. 

METATARSEUS,  see  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
pedis. 

3IETATARSIEN,  Metatarsal. 
METATARSO  -  PHALAN  '  QIAN,  3Tetatarso. 
phalaiigia'niis,    3Ietatarso-phalangal.     Relating 
to  the  metatarsus  and  phalanges. 

Metatarso-Phalangian  or  Metatarso-pha- 
langal  Articulations  are  formed  by  the  bones 
of  the  metatarsus  and  the  corresponding  pha- 
langes. They  bear  the  greatest  analogy  to  the 
metacarpo-phalangian  articulations. 

31ETATARS0-PHALANG1EN-LATERAL, 
see  Interossei  pedis  —  in.  Sous-phalangien  trans- 
versal du  premier  ortcil,  Transversus  pedis. 

METATAR'SUS,  3letatar'sium,  3fetape'dinm, 
3fetapo'dium,  Pracor' dium  seu  So'lum,  pedis, 
Vestig"ium  pedis,  (F.)  Metatarse,  from  fitra, 
'after,'  and  rapo-of,  'the  tarsus.'  That  part  of  the 
foot  which  is  situate  between  the  tarsus  and  toes, 
corresponding  with  the  metacarpus.  It  is  com- 
posed of  five  parallel  bones;  one  to  each  toe. 
Like  the  metacarpal  bones,  they  are  developed 
from  two  points  of  ossification. 

METATH'ESIS,  from  //etutivV',  't^<^ra,  and 
TiBrjfit,  'to  place,')  'I  change  place.'  Transpo- 
sit"io.  An  operation,  by  which  a  morbific  agent 
is  removed  from  one  place  to  another,  where  it 
may  produce  less  disturbance  in  the  exercise  of 
the  functions  : — as,  for  example,  in  the  operation 
of  depressing  cataract,  or  when  calculus  in  the 
urethra  is  pushed  back  into  the  bladder.  Also, 
Derivation. 


METATIO 


591 


METRAUXE 


METATIO,  Mensuration. 

METATOC'IA,  from  meta,  and  tokos,  'birtb.' 
Parturition  in  a  preternatural  manner.  Preter- 
natural labour. 

METATOPTOSIS,  Diadexis. 

METENSOMATOSIS,  Incorporation. 

METEORISMUS,  Sublimation,  Tympanites. 

M1STE0F.0L'0GY,  Meteorolog"ia,  from  /xe- 
Ttiafius,  [meta,  and  aiiDpet,),  'I  lift  up,')  'a  meteor,' 
and  'Soyas,  'a  discourse.'  The  science,  whose  ob- 
ject is  a  knowledge  of  the  origin,  formation,  ap- 
pearance, (fee.  of  meteors.  The  state  of  the  at- 
mosphere has  a  most  important  bearing  upon 
the  health  of  animals.  Every  epidemic  affec- 
tion has  its  causes  seated  there.  Meteorolo- 
gical conditions  have,  hence,  ever  been  attended 
to  by  the  physician  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
tecting the  precise  character  of  any  particular 
epidemic  influence.  The  barometer,  thermometer, 
and  hj'grometer  are  the  instruments  used  with 
this  intent — to  detect,  as  well  the  varying  weight 
or  pressure,  and  the  temperature,  as  the  moisture. 
Perhaps,  of  the  three  conditions,  the  last  exerts 
more  influence  in  the  production  of  disease  than 
either  of  the  others.  Our  knowledge,  however, 
of  this  part  of  physics  is  e.xtromely  limited  and 
unsatisfactory. 

METER,  fitrpov, '  a  measure.'  A  suflSx  to  words 
denoting  '  a  measure,'  as  in  Barometer,  Plexime- 
ter,  &c. 

METH.  A  prefix  to  terms.  Same  signification 
as  Meta. 

METH.^^IMACHYMIA,  Transfusion. 

METH^'MATA;  from  meth,  and  'aifia,  'blood.' 
The  capillary  or  intermediate  system  of  vessels  in 
which  the  blood  undergoes  the  change  from 
venous  to  arterial,  and  conversely.  —  Marshall 
Hall.     See  Capillary  vessels. 

METHE,  Temulentia. 

METHBGLIN,  Melizomum. 

METIIEMERINUS,  Quotidian. 

METHOD,  Meth'odns,  from  vieth,  and  'olos, 
'way.'  This  word  has  dilferent  acceptations  in 
the  sciences.  In  medicine,  curative  method, 
meth'odns  meden'di,  is  the  methodical  treatment 
of  disease. 

Method  op  Counting,  Method,  numerical — m. 
Mariano's,  see  Lithotomy. 

Method,  Numbr'iCAL,  Ifethod  of  Ohservation 
or  of  Coimting,  of  Louis,  (F.)  Methods  nnmerique, 
consists  in  observing  every  case  and  every  symp- 
tom of  a  case  numerically,  so  as  to  ensure,  as  far 
as  practicable,  accuracy  of  observation  ;  and  to 
enable  us,  by  the  analysis  and  collation  of  such 
facts,  to  deduce  general  laws  and  conclusions. 
Also,  the -application  of  numbers  to  the  study  of 
disease.     See  Statistics,  medical. 

METHODE  NUMERIQUE,  Method,  nume- 
rical. Statistics,  medical  —  m.  Perturbatn'ce,  Per- 
turbatrix  (Medicina) — m.  Stibio-dermiqae,  see 
Unguentum  antimonii. 

METHODICS,  Methodists. 

METHODIQUES,  Methodists. 

METH'ODISTS,  Method'ical  sect,  Method'ics, 
(F.)  Methodiatea,  M&thodiqnes.  Same  etymon. 
A  sect  of  physicians  whose  doctrine  was  in  vogue 
after  that  of  the  Empirics  and  Dogmatists,  to- 
wards the  end  of  the  first  century.  According 
to  the  Methodists,  of  whom  Themison  was  the 
chief,  almost  every  disease  is  dependent  on  con- 
traction or  relaxation  —  atrictnm  or  laxum.  To 
these  two  causes,  they  added  a  third  —  mixed  or 
eomjionnd — to  include  those  affections  which  par- 
took of  the  two  characters.  The  doctrine,  me- 
dici'na  method'ica,  resembled,  in  some  respects, 
that  of  Brown. 

METHODOL'OGY (MEDICAL),  Methndo- 
log"ia  Med'ica,  from  fxedoSoi,  '  method,'  and  Xoyo;, 


'  a  discourse.'  A  word  used,  by  the  French  more 
especially,  to  signify  method  applied  to  the  study 
of  any  science.  Medical  llefhodology,  conse- 
quently, means  method  applied  to  the  study  of 
medicine. 

METHODUS  CATALEPTICA,  see  Cataleptic 
—  m.  Celsiana,  see  Lithotomy  —  m.  Curatoria, 
Therapeutics. 

Methodus  Deeivato'ria.  The  derivative  or 
revellent  system  of  treatment. 

Methodus  Endermat'ica  seu  Enderm'ica,  see 
Endermic  —  m.  Franconiana,  see  Lithotomy  — 
ra.  Guytoniana,  see  Lithotomy  —  m.  Medendi, 
Method  of  cure,  Therapeutics. 

METIIOMA'NIA,  from  /xeBv,  '  drunkennes.'!,' 
and  navia,  'mania.'  An  irresistible  desire  for  in- 
toxicating substances.     Temulentia. 

METHU,  see  Temulentia,  Wine. 

METHYLE,  HYDRATED  oxide  of,  Spi- 
ritus  pyroxylicus. 

METHYLENE,  BIHYDRATE  OF,  Spiritus 
pyroxylicus. 

ME'THYSIS,  Temulentia. 

METHYSMUS.  Temulentia. 

METHYS'TICUS,  from  keS;?,  'drunkenness.' 
That  which  causes,  or  pertains  to,  drunkenness. 

METHYSTOPHYL'LUM  GLAUCITM. 
A  South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Amyridacete, 
an  infusion  of  whose  leaves  is  pleasant  to  the 
taste,  and  is  used  in  bronchitis,  asthma,  and  other 
thoracic  diseases.  With  the  Bushmen  and  others, 
it  is  a  favourite  beverage,  and  is  called  by  them 
Boschjesmansthee,  'Bushman's  tea.'  It  is,  also, 
chewed. 

METIS,  Hybrid. 

METISSAGE,  Crossing. 

MBTODONTI'ASIS,  from  meta,  and  oiovnaai;, 
'dentition.'     Faulty  development  of  the  teeth. 

METOPAGES,  Symphyocephalus. 

METOPANTRA,  Frontal  sinuses. 

METOPANTRAL'GIA,  from  /^etuttov  (//etu, 
and  wvl/,  'the  eye')  'the  forehead,'  avrpov,  'a  ca- 
vity,' and  aXyoj,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  frontal 
sinuses. 

METOPANTRI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  si'nuum 
fronta'linm,  from  metopantra,  and  itia,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  frontal 
sinuses. 

METOPION,  Bubon  galbanum. 

METOPIUM.  Mesophryon. 

METOPODYNIA,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 

METOPON,  Front,  Frontal  bone. 

METOPOS'COPY,  Metoposcop'ia,  from  ijletwt:ov, 
{utra,  and  a)\i/,  'the  eye,')  'the  forehead,'  and 
oKontiv,  'to  view.'  The  art  of  knowing  the  tem- 
perament and  character  of  a  person  by  inspect- 
ing the  traits  of  his  forehead  or  face.  See  Phy- 
siognomy. 

METRA,  unrpa.  Uterus. 

METR^,  Secundines. 

METR^MORRHAGIA,  Metrorrhagia. 

METR^MORRHOi'DES,  from  mctra,  and 
'atixoppoiScs,  'hemorrhoids.'  Hemorrhoids  or  va- 
ricose veins  at  the  orifice  of  the  uterus. 

METRAL'GIA,  Metrodyn'ia,  from  metra,  and 
uAyof,  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  uterus. 

METRAN^'MIA,  from  metra,  and  anmmia. 
An  an£Bmic  condition  of  the  uterus. 

METRANASTROPHE,  Uterus,  inversion  of 
the. 

METRANEURYSMUS,  Metreurysma. 

METRATRE'SIA,  Imperfom' tio  u'teri,  from 
metra,  and  arpi/crfa,  '  imperforation.'  An  unnatu- 
ral closure  of  the  uterus. 

METRATROPH'IA,  from  metra,  a, '  privative.' 
and  Tfiofri,  '  nourishment.'  Atrophy  or  want  of 
development  of  the  uterus. 

METRAUX'E,    Hypertroph'ia    seu    Sarco'sis 


METRECTASIA 


592 


METRORRHAGIA 


u'teri,  from  metra,  and  av^n,  'increase.'  Hyper- 
trophy of  the  uterus. 

METRECTA'SIA,  from  metra,  and  tKraai;,  '  di- 
latation.'    Dilatation  of  the  womb. 

METRELCO'SIS,  Metrheleo'ais,  from  metra, 
and  hXKOi,  'an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  uterus. 

METRE  MPHRAX'IS,  from  metra,  and 
qiippaaaw,  '  I  obstruct.'  Obstruction  of  the  womb 
or  of  the  vessels  of  the  womb  —  Infarc'lns  u'teri. 
A  name  under  which  some  authors  have  con- 
founded chronic  inflammation  of  that  viscus,  and 
the  different  degenerations  to  which  it  is  exposed. 

METREMPHYSEMA,  Physometra. 

METREN'CHYTA,  lletren'cJiijten,  from  metra, 
and  cyx"'^!  'I  inject.'  Injection  of  the  uterus. 
Substances  injected  into  the  uterus  are  called 
Metren'cliyta. 

METREURYS'MA,  iletraneurys'mns,  from 
metra,  and  rapuf,  '  dilated.'  A  morbid  dilatation 
of  the  womb. 

METRHELCOSIS,  Metrelcosis. 

METRHYMENITIS,  see  Metritis. 

METRIOPATHI'A,  from  utrpios,  'tempered,' 
*nd  Tra^of,  'affection.'  State  of  an  individual 
whose  passions  are  temperate. 

METRI'TIS,  from  metra,  and  itis,  denoting 
inflammation.  Fehris  uteri'na,  Hyuteri'tis,  Em- 
pres'ma  Hysteri'tis,  Liflamma'tio  U'teri,  Metro- 
phlogo'sis,  Inflammation  of  the  Uterus  or  Womb, 
(P.)  Inflammation  de  la  matrice.  The  charac- 
teristic symptoms  of  this  afi"ection  are:  —  pain, 
swelling,  and  tenderness  in  the  hypogastric  re- 
gion; with  heat,  pain,  and  tenderness  of  the  os 
uteri  J  vomiting,  smallness,  and  frequency  of 
pulse.  It  occurs  most  frequently  after  delivery, 
Lochometri'tis,  when  there  is  generally  suppres- 
sion of  the  lochial  discharge.  The  treatment 
must  be  vigorous, — bleeding  early,  so  as  to  make 
a  decided  impression  ;  followed  by  a  full  dose  of 
opium,  fomentations,  blisters,  &o. 

Acute  inflammation  of  the  womb,  seated  in  its 
mteTna].memhTa.ne,Endo-fnetri'tis.3Ietrhi/meni'tis, 
Enmetri'tis,  has  been  called  Inflamma'tio  catar- 
rha'Ua  u'teri  or  Acute  catarrh,  (F.)  Crttarrhe 
aigu,  of  that  viscus.  It  is  known  by  the  dis- 
charge of  a  clear,  sir'mgy  ^md  per  vaginam  ;  pre- 
ceded by  pains,  which,  from  the  hypogastric 
region,  shoot  to  the  thighs,  groins,  &c.,  with 
more  or  less  fever.  It  requires  the  antiphlogistic 
treatment.  Chronic  metritis  sometimes  succeeds 
the  acute.  To  it  must  be  referred  the  indura- 
tions, observed  in  the  uterus,  and  many  of  the 
leucorrheal  discharges  to  which  females  are 
subject. 

Metritis  Rhettmatica,  Metrorrheuma  —  m. 
Septica,  Metrocace — m.  Venosa,  see  Phlebitis. 

METROBLENNORRHCE  A,  Leucorrhoea  uteri. 

METROBLENNOZEMIA,  Leucorrhoea  uteri. 

METROBOTRYTES,  Cauliflower  excrescence 
of  the  uterus. 

METROCACE,  Metri'tis  sep'tica,  from  metra, 
and  KaKos,  'evil.'  Putrescency  or  gangrene  of 
the  uterus. 

METROCAMPSIS,  Hysteroloxia. 

METROCARCINO'MA,  Hijsterocarcino'ma, 
U'teri  carcino'ma,  Cancer  u'teri,  from  metra,  and 
KapKivoijia,  'cancer.'     Cancer  of  the  uterus. 

METRO C AT ARRHUS,  Leucorrhoea  uteri. 

METROCELE,  Hysterocele. 

METROCELIDES,  Najvus. 

METROCHOLO'SIS,  from  metra,  and  x<>'>^°s> 
'bile.'     Febris  puerpera'lis  bilio'sa. 

METRODYNIA,  Metralgia. 

METROII^'MIA,  Hyperme.trohemie,  from  me- 
tra, and  'aijia,  'blood.'  Hypereemia  or  cojiges- 
li(m  of  blood  in  the  uterus. 

METROHEMORRHAGE,  Metrorrhagia. 

METROLEUCORRHCEA,  Leucorrhoea  uteri. 

METROLOXIA,  Hysteroloxia. 


METROMALACOMA.  Hysteromalacia. 

METROMALACOSIS,  Hysteromalacia. 

METROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

METROMY'ZEUS,  from  metra,  and  /id^u,  'I 
suck.'  An  exhausting  syringe,  to  be  applied  tc 
the  OS  uteri,  for  exhausting  the  womb  in  cases  of 
amenorrhoea. 

METRONCUS,  Hysteroncus. 

METROPARAL'YSIS,  from  metra,  and  naga- 
XuCTif,  'paralysis.'     Paralysis  of  the  uterus. 

METROPATHI'A,  from  mMra,  and  irados,  'af- 
fection.'    An  affection  of  the  womb. 

3IETR  0-PERITONl  TE  P  UER FERAL  E, 
S66  PGritoniti^* 

METROPERITONI'TIS,  from  metra,  and 
'peritonitis.'  Inflamma'tio  zi'teri  et  peritonae'i. 
Inflammation  of  the  uterus  and  peritoneum. 
Puerperal  Fever.     See  Peritonitis. 

METROPHLEBI'TIS,  from  metra,  c^Xei//,  <a 
vein,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  veins  of  the  uterus. 

Metrophlebitis  Piterperalis,  see  Phlebitis. 

METROPHLOGOSIS,  Metritis. 

METROPHTIirSIS,  Phthi'ais  uteri'na,  from 
metra,  and  09i(o,  'I  consume.'  Consumption  from 
ulceration  of  the  uterus  —  Ul'ceru  seu  Helco'sis 
u'teri. 

METROPHYMA,  Hysteroncus. 

METROPLETHO'RA,  3IetrypercB'mia,  from 
metra,  and  ■n'krjQupa,  'fulness.'  Congestion  or  hy- 
peremia of  the  uterus. 

METROPOL'YPUS,  Eys'tero-pol'ypus,  Poly- 
pus U'teri,  from  metra,  and  polypus.  Polypus 
of  the  uterus. 

METROPROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

METROPTOSIS.  Prolapsus  uteri. 

METRORRIIAG"IA,  MetrcBmorrhag"ia,  Ila- 
morrhagia  uteri'na  seu  u'teri,  Sanguiflux'us  ute- 
ri'nus,  San'guinis  stillicid'ium  ab  U'tero,  Fluor 
uteri'ni  san'guinis,  Proflu'vium  San'guinis  ex  u'te- 
ro, Hysterorrhag"ia  sanguin'ea,  Hysterorrhce'a, 
Hcemorrhoe'a  iiteri'na  (of  some),  Menorrhag"ia 
(of  some),  HcBmatome'tra,  HcBmatoma'tra,  Uterine 
Hemorrhage,  Hemorrhage  from  the  Womb,  Metro- 
hemorrhage,  (P.)  Hemorrhagie  de  la  Ilatrice, 
Pertes,  Pertes  uterines  rouges,  P.  de  sang  ;  from 
metra,  and  prjyvvjii,  'I  break  forth.'  An  effusion 
of  blood  from  the  inner  surface  of  the  uterus, 
either  at  the  menstrual  or  other  periods ;  but  in 
a  greater  quantity  than  proper.  Uterine  hemor- 
rhage may  be  caused  by  those  influences  which 
produce  hemorrhage  in  general.  It  happens, 
however,  more  frequently  during  pregnancy,  and 
during  or  after  delivery,  when  the  vascular  .sys- 
tem of  the  uterus  is  so  circumstanced  as  to  fa- 
vour its  occurrence  more  than  at  other  periods. 
The  termination  of  metrorrhagia  is  usually  fa- 
vourable. Should  it,  however,  be  very  copious, 
or  frequently  recur;  or  should  it  happen  to  a 
great  extent  after  delivery,  death  may  take  place 
very  speedily  ;  and,  in  some  cases,  wihout  the  dis- 
charge being  perceptible ;  constituting  internal 
hemorrhage. 

Uterine  hemorrhage  may  be  active  or  passive ; 
requiring  obviously  a  different  treatment.  The 
main  management  is  similar  to  that  of  hemor- 
rhage in  general ; — the  horizontal  posture  ;  acid 
drinks ;  free  admission  of  cool  air ;  cold  applica- 
tions to  the  loins,  thighs,  and  abdomen;  injection 
of  cold  water,  even  of  iced  water,  into  the  vagina ; 
plugging  the  vagina,  so  as  to  prevent  the  dis- 
charge ^jer  vaginam,  and  thus  induce  a  coagulum 
in  the  mouths  of  the  bleeding  vessels.  Such  will 
be  the  special  plan  adopted  where  the  hemorrhage 
has  occurred  in  one  not  recently  delivered.  In 
uterine  hemorrhage  after  delivery,  the  same  cool- 
ing plan  must  be  followed ;  but,  as  the  flow  of 
blood  is  owing  to  the  uterus  not  contracting  so 


METROERHEUMA 


593 


MICROPODIA 


as  tc  constringe  its  vessels,  pressure  must  be 
made  on  the  abdomen  to  aid  this  ;  and,  if  neces- 
sary, the  hand  must  be  introduced  into  the  uterus 
to  stimulate  it  to  contraction.  Should  the  female 
be  excessively  reduced,  so  as  to  render  the  accou- 
cheur apprehensive  that  she  may  expire  from  loss 
of  blood,  brandy  may  be  exhibited.  The  profuse 
exhibition  of  opium  in  such  cases  is,  at  least,  a 
doubtful  plan. 

Transfusion  has,  at  times,  been  practised  as  a 
last  resource. 

METRORRHBU'MA,  Rhenmatis'mns  JJ'teri, 
HysteraVgia  rheumat'ica  seu  catarrha'lii,  Metri'- 
tis  rhetimat'ica,  (F.)  Rhumatisme  de  I'utirua; 
from  metra,  and  ^zvjia,  'defluxion,'  'rheumatism.' 
Rheumatism  of  the  uterus. 

METRORRHEXIS,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

METRORRHCE'A,  from  metra,  and  ptw,  'I 
flow.'  A  protracted  discharge  of  any  fluid  from 
the  uterus. 

METROSALPINX,  Tube,  Fallopian. 

METROSCIR'RHUS,  Hysteroscir'rlins,  Scir- 
rJius  seu  Carcino'ma  u'teri,  from  metra,  and  axio- 
pus,  'scirrhus.'     Scirrhus  of  the  uterus. 

METROSCOLIOMA,  Hysteroloxia. 

MET'ROSCOPE,  Ifetroscop'ium,  from  metra, 
and  (TKOTTeii),  'to  view.'  An  instrument,  invented 
by  M.  Nauche,  for  listening  to  the  sounds  of  the 
heart  of  the  foetus,  in  utero-gestation,  when  the 
sounds  and  movements  are  imperceptible  through 
the  parietes  of  the  abdomen.  The  extremity  of 
the  instrument  —  the  first  notion  of  which  was 
given  to  M.  Nauche  by  the  stethoscope  of  Laen- 
neo  —  is  introduced  into  the  vagina  and  applied 
against  the  neck  of  the  uterus. 

METROSIDEROS  GUMMIFERA,  see  Kino. 

METROSTERE'SIS,  from  metra,  and  trrtpjjffis, 
'privation.'  Extirpation  of  the  uterus.  Want 
of  uterus. 

METP/^STNIZE'SIS,  Hysterosynize'sis,  from 
metra,  and  cvvii^vm,  'running  together.'  Morbid 
union  of  the  uterus  to  adjacent  parts. 

METROTOME,  Hysterotomus. 

METROTOMIA,  Caisarean  section. 

METRYPEREMIA,  Metroplethora. 

METRYPERESTHESIS,  see  Uterus,  irritable. 

MEU,  Jilthusa  meum. 

MEULIERE,  Molar. 

MEUM,  Jjlthusa  meum  —  m.  Anethifnlium, 
.ffithusa  meum  —  m.  Athamanticum,  Ethusa 
meum. 

MEURTRISSURE,  Contusion. 

MEVIUM,  Syphilis. 

MEZEA.  Genital  organs. 

MEZEREON,  Daphne  mezereum. 

MEZEREUM  ACETATUM,  see  Daphne  me- 
zereum. 

MIAMMA,  Miasma. 

MIANSIS,  Miasma. 

MIARIA,  Miasma. 

MIAS'MA,  Miasm,  fxiaafta,  'a  stain,'  from  fxiai- 
vo).  'I  contaminate.'  3Iiam'ma,  Mian'sis,  31ia'ria, 
Ifias'mns,  Inqmnamen'tum,  Molyn'sis,  Conta'giiim. 
The  word  miasm  has,  by  some,  been  employed 
synonymously  with  contagion.  It  is  now  used 
more  definitely  for  any  emanation,  either  from 
the  bodies  of  the  sick,  or  from  animal  and  vege- 
table substances,  or  from  the  earth,  especially  in 
marshy  districts,  [Marsh  poison,  Efflu'vium  pa- 
lus'tre,  Gas  pahia'tre,  (F.)  Intoxication  des  Ma- 
rais,)  which  may  exert  a  morbid  influence  on 
those  who  are  exposed  to  its  action.  To  these 
terrestrial  emanations — the  Koino-mias'mata  of 
Dr.  E.  Miller,  of  New  York  —  the  Italians  give 
the  name  aria  cattiva,  but,  more  commonly,  ma- 
laria ('bad  air') ;  a  word  which  has  been  adopted 
into  other  languages.  The  deleterious  effluvia, 
originating  from  the  decomposition  of  matter  de- 
38 


rived  from  the  human  body,  have  been  called  by 
Dr.  Miller,  Idioniia-i'mata;  the  epithets  Koi>io 
and  Idio  being  derived  respectively  from  Kumoi, 
'common,'  and  iSioi,  'personal.'  Of  the  miasms 
which  arise  either  from  the  animal  body  or  from 
the  most  unhealthy  situations,  we  know,  chemi- 
cally, nothing.  All  that  we  do  know  is,  that, 
under  such  circumstances,  emanations  take  place, 
capable  of  causing  disease  in  many  of  those  who 
are  exposed  to  their  action. 

MIASMAT'IC,  3Iiasmat'icns.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  miasmata.  Sauvages,  in  his  classifi- 
cation of  diseases  according  to  their  etiology,  has 
a  class  under  the  name  Jforbi  miasmat'tci.  A 
fever  that  arises  from  marshy  miasms,  is  stj-led 
mala'riovs,  pabi'dal,  Helop'yra,  Helopyr'etus,  &c. 

MIASMUS.  Miasma. 

3IIAULANTES,  see  Convtilsionnaire. 

MICE  PANIS,  see  Triticum. 

MICATIO  CORDIS,  Svstole. 

MICHE'LIA  CHAM'PACA,  Chnmpana,  Mi- 
chelia  Tsjampaca.  Ord.  Magnoliaceaj.  An  Ori- 
ental tree,  much  prized  for  the  odour  and  beauty 
of  its  flowers.  The  oily  infusion  of  the  flowers 
is  employed  in  the  Moluccas  in  headache. 

MICLE'TA.  A  medicine  used  by  Mesue  for 
arresting  hemorrh.nge ;  perhaps,  according  to 
Siebenhaar,  from  the  Arabic,  michiiata,  "proved 
by  experience." 

MICOSIS,  Fraraboesia. 

MICRANATOMIA,  see  Anatomy. 

MICRANGIA,  Capillary  vessels. 

MICREXCEPHALIUM,  Cerebellum. 

MICRENCEPHALON,  Cretinism. 

MICRENCEPHALUM,  Cerebellum. 

MICROCEPHALIA,  see  Microcephalus. 

MICROCEPH'ALUS,  dfikroceph'alus,  Micro- 
cra'nius,  from  micros,  and  KtifiaX-q,  'head.'  One 
who  has  a  small  head.  A  monster  having  a 
small  imperfect  head,  or  a  small  imperfect  cra- 
nium. The  condition  is  called  Microcephalia, 
Craniosteno'sis.     With  some  it  means  Idiotism. 

MICROCORIA,  Myosis. 

MI'CROCOSM,  Microcos'miis,  from  micros,  and 
KoayLos,  'world.'  A  little  world.  Some  philoso- 
phers have  given  this  appellation  to  man,  whom 
they  consider  as  the  epitome  of  all  that  is  ad- 
mirable in  the  world.  The  world  they  call  Ma'- 
crocosm. 

MICROCOSMETOR,  Vital  principle. 

MICROCOSM'ICA  MACH'INA.  The  organ- 
ism of  man. 

MiCROCOSMiCA  SciENTiA,  Physiology. 

MiCROCosMicuM  Sal,  with  the  ancients  meant 
the  salts  of  the  urine, — Sal  uri'na. 

MICROCOSMOGRAPHIA,  Physiology. 

MICROCOUST'IC,  Microeus'ticiis,  from  micros, 
and  aKovui,  'I  hear.'  This  word,  as  well  as  Mi- 
croph'onoiis,  from  (iiKpog,  'small,' and  (jiwvri,  'voice,' 
means  any  thing  that  contributes  to  increase  the 
intensity  of  sound — as  the  speaking  trumpet — by 
collecting  the  sonorous  rays. 

MICROCRANIUS,  Microcephalus. 

MICROGLOS'SIA,  from  micros,  and  yXwcrcra, 
'tongue.'     Original  smallness  of  tongue. 

MICROLEUCONYMPHEA,  Nymphaa  alba, 

MICROLOGY,  see  Microscopy. 

MICROM'ELUS,  Hemim' eles,  from  micros,  and 
jieXoi,  'a  limb.'  A  monster  having  imperfectly 
developed  extremities. 

MICROMMATUS,  Microphthalmus. 

MICROPHONOUS,  Microcoustie. 

MICROPHTHAL'MUS,  Microm'matus,  from 
micros,  and  oii^a^fios,  'eye.'  One  who  has  small 
eyes.  A  monster  with  two  small,  or  imperfectly 
developed  eyes.  A  small  eye, — Ophthalmid'iutn, 
Ophthal'miiim. 

MICROPODIA,  Micropus. 


MICROPROSOPUS 


594 


MILK 


MICROPROSO'PUS,  Aproso'piis,  from  micros, 
and  -npoaiairov,  'face.'  A  monster  in  which  a  part 
of  the  face  is  absent. 

MI'CROPUS,  from  micros,  and  ffou;,  'foot.' 
One  who  has  small  feet.  The  condition  is  called 
Micropod'ia. 

MI'CROPYLE,  llicrop'i/lnm,  from  micros,  and 
ttuXt?,  'gate.'  An  opening  in  the  episperm  of 
seeds,  through  which  the  fecundating  pollen  en- 
ters the  ovule  to  fecundate  it.  It  has  been  sup- 
posed, that  such  a  micropyle  exists  in  the  human 
ovule. 

MIOROR'CHIDES,  from  micros,  and  oio^is,  'a 
testicle.'     They  who  have  very  small  testicles. 

MICROS,  fiiKf)oi,  'little,'  as  in 

MI'CROSCOPY,  J/i'c)-o8cop'?'a/  from  micros, 
and  (dcoitt;, 'a  view.'  Observation  by  the  micro- 
scope; an  important  agency  in  the  examination 
nf  the  healthy  and  morbid  tissues.  A  description 
of  the  results  of  such  observation  is  Micrny'rn- 
phy.  Micrology  is  often  used  with  the  same  sig- 
nification, and  for  a  treatise  on  the  microscope 
and  the  results  of  microscopy. 

MICROSOMIA,  Nanosomia. 

MICROSPHYC'TUS.  Same  etymon  as  the 
next.     One  who  has  a  small  pulse. 

MICROSPHYX'IA,  from  micros,  and  ctpvyfuo;, 
'pulse.'     Smallness  or  weakness  of  pulse. 

MICROSPORON  AUDOUINI,  see  Porrigo 
decalvans — m.  Furfur,  see  Chloasma — m.  Menta- 
grophytes,  Mentagrophyte. 

MICROS'TOMUS;  from  micros,  and  crro/ja, 
'mouth.'     One  who  has  a  small  mouth. 

MICPtOTE'SIA,  Par'tinm  orgrmica'rum  par'- 
vitas  morho'sa ;  from  iiiKporijg,  'smallness.'  Mor- 
bid smallness  of  organic  parts. 

MICROTRAPEZIA,  Leptotrophia. 

MICROTRICH'IA;  from  micros,  and  &pi^, 
'hair.'     Fineness  or  shortness  of  hair. 

MICROTROPHIA,  Leptotrophia. 

MICTIO,  Micturition  —  m.  Cruenta,  Hsematu- 
ria — m.  Inopportuna.  Enuresis — m.  Involuntaria, 
Enuresis — m.  Sansruinea,  Htematuria. 

MTCTION,  Micturition. 

MICTURIT"ION,  Mic'tio,  MicUts,  Ure'sis, 
Uri'asis,  Omiche'sis,  (F.)  3fiction,  Action  de 
pisser,  from  micturio,  and  mingere,  mictuvi,  'I 
make  water.'  The  act  of  making  water — Uriiin'- 
tion.  Also,  morbid  frequency  of  passing  the 
water. 

MICTUS,  Micturition  —  m.  Cruentus,  Htema- 
turia. 

MIDRIFF,  Diaphragm. 

MIDWIFE,  from  mi^,  'with,'  and  pip,  'wife,' 
or,  from  mis,  'meed,'  'recompense,'  and  pip, 
'wife.'  Matro'na,  Ohstet'rix,  Hyper e'tria,  llcea, 
McBas,  McBii'tria.  Aces'toris,  Aces'tris,  Aces'tria, 
(Sc.)  Howdy,  (Prov.)  Grace-wi/e,  Handwoman, 
Headswnmaii,  Howdy-wife,  (F.)  Snge  fe.mme,  Ac- 
CDiicheuse.     A  female  who  practises  obstetrics. 

MIDWIFERY,  Obstetrics. 

3IIEL,  Mel — 7)1.  d' Acetate  de  Ciiivre,  Linimen- 
tura  feruginis — m.  Borate,  Mel  boracis — m.DepKre, 
Mel  despuraatum — m.  Despume,  Mel  despumatum 
—  m.  Medicinal,  Mellitum  —  w.  Jflercnriale  com- 
pose, Mellitum  de  mereuriali  compositum. 

MIEUTER.  Accoucheur. 

MIGMA,  Mistura. 

MIGRAINE,  Hemicrania. 

MIGRANA,  Hemicrania. 

MIGRATION  DU  LAiMBEAU,  see  Flap. 

MIKANIA  GUACO,  Guaco. 

MIKROCEPHALUS,  Microcephalus. 

MIL,  Panieum  miliaceum. 

MILFOIL.  Achillea  millefolium. 

MILIAIRE,  Miliary,  Miliary  fever. 

MILIARIA,  Miliary  fever  —  m.  Sudans,  Mi- 
liary fever — m.  Sudatoria,  Miliary  fever. 


MILIARIS  SUDATORIA,  Sudor  anglicus,  S 
picardicus. 

MIL'IARY,  Milia'ris,  (F.)  Miliaire ;  from 
milium,  '  millet.'  Resembling  millet  seed — hence, 
miliary  fever,  miliary  glands,  &c. 

Miliary  Fevrr,  Em'phlysis  milia'ria,  Milia'- 
ris, Miliaria,  M.  sitdans  seu  audato'ria,  Sudor, 
S.  milia'ris,  Pap'ula  milia'ris,  JExanthe'ma  mili- 
aria, Syn'ocTnis  miliaria,  Aspre'do  milia'cen, 
Febris  milia'ris  seu  essero'sa  seu  pnncticula'ris 
seu  culicula'ris  "seu  vesinda'ris  seu  lenticulu'ria 
seu  purpura' te  rubra  et  alba  milia'ris,  Pnr'purn 
puerpera'rum,  P.  milia'ris,  Pap'ulcB  sudo'ris 
3Iillet  seed  rash,  (F.)  Miliaire,  Millot,  Pourpre 
blane.  Millet.  It  is  so  called  from  the  eruption 
resembling  the  seed  of  the  milium  or  millet. 
Fever,  accompanied  by  an  eruption  of  small,  red, 
isolated  pimples,  rarely  confluent,  but  almost 
always  very  numerous,  slightly  raised  above  the 
skin,  and  presenting,  at  the  end  of  24  hours,  a 
small  vesicle  filled  with  a  white  transparent 
fluid;  which  quickly  dries  up,  and  separates  in 
the  form  of  scales.  Miliary  fever  is  now  rare,  in 
consequence  of  the  cooling  practice  in  fevers  and 
other  states  of  the  system.  It  is  almost  always 
brought  on  by  external  beat,  and  henc«  the  pre- 
vention is  obvious.  The  treatment  is  simple.  It 
requires  merely  the  antiphlogistic  regimen,  in 
ordinary  cases. 

Miliary  Glands,  Sebaceous  glands — m.  Gran- 
ulations or  Tubercles,  see  Granulation. 

MILII  SEMINA,  Panieum  Italicum. 

MILIOLUM.  Diminutive  of  m!7))'iH,  'millet.' 
Cenchrid'ion.  A  small  tumour  on  the  eyelids, 
resembling,  in  size,  a  millet-seed. 

MILITARIS  HERBA,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MIL'ITARY,  3/ilita'rig,  from  miles,  militie,{'F.) 
3Iilitaire,  'a  soldier.'  Pertaining  to  a  soldier  or 
an  army — as  '  3Iilitary  medicine,'  Medicina  mili- 
ta'ris,  (F.)  3Iedecine  militaire ;  and  Military  sur- 
gery, Cliirur'gicc  milita'ris,  (F.)  Chirurgie  mili- 
taire. Medicine  and  surgery  applicable  to  the 
soldier. 

MILIUM,  Grutum,  Panieum  miliaceum,  see 
Hydatid — m.  Esculentum,  Panieum  miliaceum — 
m.  Indicum,  Panieum  Italicum  —  m.  Panieum, 
Panieum  miliaceum  —  m.  Solis,  Lithospermum 
officinale. 

MILK,  Sax.  melc,  Lac,  Gala,  Humor  lac'teus. 
Latex  ni'vens,  (F.)  Lait.  A  fluid  secreted  by  the 
mammary  glands  of  the  females  of  the  mammalia. 
The  skimmed  milk  of  the  cow,  (F.)  Lail  de  Vache, 
contains  water,  caseous  matter,  traces  of  butter, 
sugar  of  milk,  chloride  of  sodium,  phosphate, 
and  acetate  of  potassa,  lactic  acid,  lactate  of  iron, 
and  earthy  phosphate.  The  cream  is  formed  of 
butter,  casein,  and  whey,  in  which  there  is  sugar 
of  milk  and  salts.  When  examined  by  the  micro- 
scope, milk  is  seen  to  contain  a  large  number  of 
particles,  of  irregular  size  and  shape,  varying 
from  T-2  iTTiJ*''^  to  j^'i^th  of  an  inch  in  diameter. 
They  consist  of  oily  matter,  surrounded  by  a 
delicate  pellicle,  and  are  the  milk  globules. 

Cow's  milk  is  employed  for  the  preparation  of 
cream,  butter,  cheese,  whey,  sugar  of  milk,  and 
frangipane.  It  is  useful  in  a  number  of  cases  of 
poisoning;  either  by  acting  as  a  demulcent,  or 
by  decomposing  certain  poisons,  or  by  combining 
with  others  so  as  to  neutralize  them.  It  is  con- 
stantly employed  as  aliment,  and  may  be  regarded 
as  an  emulsion  in  which  butter  and  casein  are 
found  in  suspension.  AVhen  taken  into  the  sto- 
mach, it  is  coagulated  by  the  gastric  fluids,  and 
the  coagulum  is  digested  like  any  other  solid. 
The  watery  parts  are  absorbed. 

Between  milk,  flour,  and  blood,  there  is  great 
similarity  of  composition.  The  following  table 
is  given  by  Dr.  Robert  Dundas  Thomson  : 


MILK 

MOk,  Flour, 

(  Fibrin, 

1   Albumen, 

Curd  or  Casein   \   Casein, 

I   Gluten, 

Butter Oil. 


5  95 


MILLIMETRE 


Blond. 
Fibrin, 
Albumen, 
Casein, 
Colouring 
matter. 
Fat. 


«"^- {is,  V^^-- 


■      Do. 


Do. 


Chloride  of  potassium, 

sodium, 

Phosphate  of  soda, 

lime, 

magnesia, 

iron, 

From  a  considerable  number  of  experiments, 
Messrs.  Deyeux  and  Parmentier  class  the  six 
kinds  of  milk,  which  they  examined,  according 
to  the  following  table,  as  regards  the  relative 
quantity  of  materials  they  contain. 


Casein. 

Butter. 

Sugar  of 
Milk. 

Serum. 

Goat 

Sheep 

Cow 

Sheep 

Cow 

Goat 

Woman 

Ass 

Mare 

Ass 

Woman 

Mare 

Ass 

Woman 

Mare 

Woman 

Ass 
Mare 

Cow 
Goat 
Sheep 

Cow 
Goat 
Sheep 

Milk  Abscess,  Mastodynia  apostematosa. 

Milk,  Almond,  Emulsio  amygdalae. 

Milk  and  Soda  Water.  An  agreeable  mode 
of  taking  milk  in  cases  where  it  lies  heavily  on 
the  stomach.  Heat,  nearly  to  boiling,  a  teacup- 
ful  of  milk  :  dissolve  in  it  a  teaspoonful  of  sugar, 
put  it  into  a  large  tumbler,  and  pour  over  it  two- 
thirds  of  a  bottle  of  soda  water. 

Milk,  Asses',  (F.)  Lait  d'Anesse,  considerably 
resembles  human  milk,  of  which  it  has  the  con- 
sistence, smell,  and  taste  :  but  it  contains  a  little 
less  cream,  and  more  soft,  caseous  matter.  It  is 
often  used  by  those  labouring  under  pulmonary 
affections. 

Artificial  Asses'  Milk  may  be  made  by  taking 
gelatin  ^ss;  dissolving  it,  by  the  aid  of  heat,  in 
barley  water  Oi.i ;  adding  refined  sugar  §j  ;  pour- 
ing into  the  mixture  new  milk  Oj ;  and  beating 
the  whole  with  a  whisk. 

It  may  also  be  prepared  by  dissolving  sugar 
of  milk  ^\j  in  tepid  skimmed  coic's  milk  Oj. 

Milk  Blotch,  Porrigo  larvalis  —  m.  Crust, 
Porrigo  larvalis. 

Milk,  Ewes',  (F.)  Lait  de  Brehis.  It  affords 
more  cream  than  cows'  milk ;  but  the  butter  is 
softer.  The  caseum,  on  the  contrary,  is  fatter, 
and  more  viscid.  It  contains  less  serum  than 
cow's  milk.  The  Roquefort  cheeses  are  made 
from  it. 

Milk  Fever,  see  Fever,  milk  —  m.  Glass, 
Breast  glass  —  m.  Globules,  see  Milk. 

Milk,  Goats',  (F.)  Lait  de  Chevre,  resembles 
cows'  milk :  the  butyraceous  matter,  however, 
which  enters  into  its  composition,  is  more  solid 
than  that  of  the  cow. 

Artficial  Goat's  Milk  may  be  made  by  taking 
fresh  suet  ^j  ;  cutting  it  into  small  pieces  ;  tying 
it  in  a  muslin  bag,  large  enough  to  leave  the 
morsels  free  from  compression  ;  and  boiling  in  a 
quart  of  cow's  milk,  sweetened  with  a  quarter  of 
an  ounce  of  white  sugar  candy. 

Used  as  a  diet  in  scrofulous  cases,  and  also  in 
phthisis. 

Milk,  Green,  Colostrum. 

Milk,  Human,  (F.)  Lait  de  femme, — contains 


more  sugar,  milk,  and  cream,  and  less  caseum, 
than  cows'  milk.  Its  composition  differs  accord- 
ing to  the  distance  of  time  from  delivery. 

Milk  Knot,  Galacto-gan'glion  ;  (F.)  Ganglion 
laiteux.  The  knots  often  observed  in  the  breast 
after  inflammation  of  the  organ,  or  for  some  time 
after  the  suppression  of  the  secretion.  They 
generally  end  by  resolution. 

Milk  Leg,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

Milk,  Males',  Sperm. 

Milk,  Mares',  (F.)  Lait  de  Jument, — contains 
only  a  small  quantity  of  fluid  butyraceous  matter; 
a  little  caseum,  softer  than  that  of  cows'  milk,  and 
more  serum. 

Milk  Scall,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

Milk  Sickness,  Sick  stomach,  Swamp  sickness. 
Tires,  Slows,  Stiff  joints.  Puking  fever.  River 
sickness.  A  disease  occasionally  observed  in  the 
States  of  Alabama,  Indiana,  and  Kentucky,  which 
affects  both  man  and  cattle,  but  chiefly  the  latter. 
It  is  attributed  in  cattle  to  something  eaten  or 
drunk  by  them ;  and  in  man  to  the  eating  of  the 
flesh  of  animals  labouring  under  the  disease. 
Owing  to  the  tremors  that  characterize  it  in  ani- 
mals, it  is  called  the  Trembles.     It  is  endemic. 

The  symptoms  of  the  disease  are  such  as  are 
produced  by  the  acro-narcotic  class  of  poisons — 
vomiting,  purging,  extreme  nervous  agitation, 
<tc. :  and  the  approved  indications  of  treatment 
appear  to  be — gentle  emetics  and  laxatives,  with 
quiet,  and  mucilaginous  drinks. 

Milk,  Snakes',  Euphorbia  corollata. 

Milk,  Solid'ified.  Milk,  to  which  little  less 
than  an  equal  weight  of  white  sugar  has  been 
added,  evaporated  to  dryness.  When  re-dissolved 
in  water,  it  has  all  the  qualities  of  fresh  milk, 
with  the  additional  quantity  of  sugar. 

To  milk,  evaporated  to  dryness,  MM.  Grimaud 
and  Galais  have  given  the  names  Lactoline  and 
Lacteine. 

Milk  Spots,  Macidm  albas,  Strophulus. 

Milk  Stone,  Morochthus. 

Milk,  Sugar  of,  Sugar  of  milk. 

Milk  of  Sulphur,  Sulphur  pr»cipitatum — m. 
Sweet,  Galium  verum. 

Milk  Teeth,  see  Dentition  —  m.  Thrush,  Aph- 
tha—  m.  Vetch,  Astragalus  verus  —  m.  Vetch, 
stemless.  Astragalus  exscapus — m.  Weed,  Apocy- 
num  androssemifolium,  Asclepias  Syriaca,  Euphor- 
bia corollata — m.  AVeed,  long-leaved,  green, 
Acerates  longifolia — m.  Weed,  smooth,  Asclepias 
Sullivantii  —  m.  Wort,  bitter,  Polygala  amara  — 
m.  Wort,  common,  Polygala  —  m.  Wort,  dwarf, 
Polygala  paucifolia — m.  Wort,  rattlesnake,  Poly- 
gala. 

MILKWOMAN,  Nurse,  wet. 

MILKY,  Lactic. 

MILL  MOUNTAIN,  Linum  catharticum. 

MILLEFEUILLE,  Achillea  millefolium— ni, 
Aquatique,  Phellandrium  aquatieum. 

MILLE-FEUILLET,  Omasum. 

MILLEFOLIUM,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MILLEMORBIA  SCROPHULARIA,  Scro- 
phularia  nodosa. 

MILLEPEDES,  Onisci  aselli. 

MILLEPERTUIS  ORDINAIRE,  Hyperi- 
cum perforatum. 

MILLET,  Aphtha,  Miliary  fever— m.  Barba- 
does,  Panicum  Italicum  —  m.  Common,  Panicum 
miliaceum  —  m.  Indian,  Panicum  Italicum  —  m. 
des  Oiseaux,  Panicum  Italicum  —  m.  Ordinaire, 
Panicum  miliaceum. 

MILLET-SEED  RASH,  Miliary  fever. 

MILLIGRAMME,  from  mille,  'a  thousand,' 
and  ypaiifia,  'a.  gramme.'  The  thousandth  part 
of  a  gramme; — about  0'0154  Troy  grain. 

MILLIGRANA,  Herniaria  glabra. 

3nLLIMETRE,  Millim'eter,  from  mille,  'a 
thousand,'   and   iierpov,    'measure.'      The    thou- 


MILLOT 


596 


MISTURA 


sandth  part   of  the  metre;  — equal   to    0-03937 
English  inch,  or  about  two-fifths  of  a  line. 

MILLOT,  Miliary  fever. 

MILPH^,  Madarosis. 

MILPHOSIS,  Madarosis. 

MILT,  Melt,  Spleen. 

MILT-LIKE.  An  epithet  for  a  form  of  cancer, 
characterized  by  a  soft  pale  growth,  containing 
scarcely  any  blood  ;  —  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance to  the  milt  of  a  fish. 

Milt-Like  Tumour,  Encephaloid. 

MILTUS,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 

MILTWASTE,  Asplenium. 

MIMOSA  CATECHU,  Catechu  — m.  Cochlia- 
carpa,  see  Cortex  adstringens  Brasiliensis  —  m. 
Leucophlea,  see  Spirit  (Arrack) — m.  Nilotica,  see 
Acacise  gummi  —  m.  Scandens,  Cachang-parang 
— m.  Senegal,  see  Senegal,  gum— m.  Yirginalis, 
see  Cortex  adstringens  Brasiliensis. 

MIND,  ABSENCE  OF,  Aphelxia  socors— m. 
Abstraction  of,  Aphelxia  intenta — m.  Unsound, 
Insanity. 

MINERALIUM,  Antimoniura. 

MINER'S  ELBOW.  An  enlargement  of  a 
bursa  over  the  olecranon,  occurring  in  such  as 
are  in  the  habit  of  leaning  much  upon  it;  and, 
therefore,  often  seen  in  those  who  work  on  the 
side  in  low-roofed  mines. 

MIN'IM,  3Iin'imum,  'the  least  part  or  portion.' 
The  60th  part  of  a  fluidracTim.  This  measure 
has  been  introduced  by  the  London  College  of 
Physicians,  in  consequence  of  the  uncertainty  of 
the  size  of  the  drop,  (see  Gutta.)  The  subdivision 
of  the  wine  pint  has,  accordingly,  been  extended 
to  the  60th  part  of  the  fluidrachm;  and  glass 
measures,  called  "minim-measures,"  have  been 
adopted  by  the  London  College.  The  proportion 
between  the  minims  and  the  drops  of  various 
fluid  preparations  is  exhibited  in  the  following 
table.  The  results  were  obtained  by  Mr.  Durand, 
a  skilful  j)^ormacien  of  Philadelphia,  under  cir- 
cumstances, as  regards  the  different  articles,  as 
nearly  identical  as  possible. 

Table  of  the  Number  of  Drops  of  different 
Liquids  equivalent  to  a  Fluidrachm. 

Acid  Acetic,  crystallizable 120 

Acid  Hydrocyanic  (medicinal) 45 

Muriatic 64 

Nitric 84 

diluted  (1  to  7) 51 

Sulphuric 90 

aromatic 120 

diluted  (1  to  7) 51 

Alcohol  (rectified  Spirit) 138 

Alcohol,  diluted  (proof  Spirit) 120 

Arsenite  of  Potassa,  solution  of 57 

Ether,  Sulphuric 150 

OiLs  of  Aniseed,  Cinnamon,  Cloves,  Pepper- 
mint, Sweet  Almonds,  Olives 120 

Tinctures  of  Asafoetida,  Foxglove,  Guaiac, 

Opium 120 

Tincture  of  Chloride  of  Iron 132 

Vinegar,  distilled 78 

of  Colchicum 78 

of  Opium  (black  drop) 78 

of  Squill  78 

Water,  distilled 45 

Water  of  Ammonia  (strong) 54 

Do.            do.         (weak) 45 

Wine  (TenerifFe) 78 

Antimonial 72 

of  Colchicum 75 

of  Opium 78 

MINIM'ETEE, ;  badly  compounded  from  mi- 
t\imum  and  jitrpov,  '  measure.'  An  instrument  for 
measuring  minims,  invented  by  Mr.  Alsop.  It 
consists  of  a  glass  tube,  graduated  from  the  coni- 


Minim  measure. 
Horse,  Monarda 


cal  point  into  minims  ;  and  having  a  piston,  by 
the  elevation  of  which,  fluid  may  be  drawn  into 
the  tube,  and  by  its  depression  be  forced  from  it. 

MINIM  MEASURE.  A 
measure  for  the  divisions  of  a 
fluidrachm. 

MINIMUM,  Minim. 
MINISTER    GYMNASTS, 
Psedotribes. 

MINITHOSIS,  Meiosis. 
MINIUM,  Plumbi  oxydum 
rubrum  —  m.  Greecorum,  Hy- 
drargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum 
—  m.  Purum,  Hydrargyri  sul- 
phuretum rubrum. 

MINOR  HEL'ICIS.  A 
muscle  situate  on  the  posterior 
border  of  the  helix  of  the  ear, 
at  its  commencement  in  the 
fossa  of  the  concha. 

MINORATIVUS,  Laxative. 
MINT,  COCK,  Tanacetum 
balsamita — m.  Curled,  Mentha 
crispa  —  m.  Cat,  Nepeta- 
coccinea  and  M.  punctata — m.  Horse,  hairy,  Ble- 
philia  hirsuta — m.  Horse,  Ohio,  Blephilia  hirsuta 
— m.  Horse,  sweet,  Cunila  Mariana— m.  Hyssop- 
leaved,  Mentha  cervina. 

Mint  Julep.  A  drink,  consisting  of  brandy, 
sugar,  and  pounded  ice,  flavoured  by  sprigs  of 
mint.     It  is  an  agreeable  alcoholic  excitant. 

Mint,  Mountain,  Monarda  eoccinea — m.  Moun- 
tain, common,  Pycnanthemum  incanum — m.  Pep- 
per, Mentha  piperita — m.  Spear,  Mentha  viridis 
—  m.  Squaw,  Hedeoma  —  m.  Stone,  Cunila  Mari- 
ana. 

Mint  Tea,  Infusum  Menthas  viridis. 
Mint,  Water,  Mentha  aquatica. 
MINTHA,  Mint. 
MINUTHESIS,  Meiosis. 
MINYANTHES,  Menyanthes. 
MIOSIS,  Meiosis. 
MIRLES,  Rubeola. 
MIROCELE,  Merocele. 
MIRROT,  Daucus  Carota. 
MISADIR,  AmmoniEe  murias. 
MISANTHRO'PIA,  3fisan'thro]3i/.  ExantTiro'- 
pia,  Physnnthro' pia,  from   fxiaos,    '  hatred,'  and 
ai'^Jpuiroj,  'man.'   Aversion  to  man  and  society: — 
a  symptom  of  melnncholv,  and  hypochondriasis. 
MISCARRIAGE,  Abortion. 
MISERERE  MEI,  Hens. 
MISHME  TEETA,  Coptis  teeta. 
MISMAR,  3Iesemar.      A  name  given  by  Avi- 
cenna  to  a  kind  of  nodus,  which  forms  on  the 
toes  as  the  sequel  of  contusion  or  inflammation 
of  those  parts. 

MISOPTO'CHUS,    from    ^itros,    'hatred,'  and 
TTui'xoi,  'poor.'     That  which  has  hatred  for  the 
poor.     The  gout  has  been  so  called  by  some,  be- 
cause it  commonly  affects  the  rich. 
MISSADAN,  Hydrargyrum. 
MISSIO  SANGUINIS,  Blood-lettingr. 
MISSISSIP'PI,    MINERAL   WATERS    OF. 
Cooper's  Well,  in  Hinds  County,  four  miles  from 
Raymond,  and  thirteen  from  Jackson,  is  a  sul- 
phuretted saline,  the  chief  constituents  being  the 
sulphates  of  soda  and  magnesia.    Of  the  solid  in- 
gredients upwards  of  3  per  cent,  are  of  peroxide 
of  iron.     The  waters  are  chiefly  used  in  chronic 
gastro-enteric  afi"ections.    Ocean  Springs,  in  Jack- 
son County,  is  an  acidulo-sulphureous  chalybeate. 
MISTIO,  Mistura. 

MISTLETOE,  Viscum  album  —  m.  Yellowish, 
Viscum  flavescens. 

MISTU'RA,  /ii^is,  Pi-opotisma,  Migma,  Mis'tio, 
3Iix'tto,  3Iixtu'ra,  Mixture;  (F.)  Potion,  from 
tniscere,  mixtiim, '  to  mix.'  A  mingled  compound, 
in  which   different  ingredients  are  contained  in 


MISTURA 


597 


MITRAL 


the  fluid  state  ;  suspended  or  not  by  means  of 
mucilaginous  or  saccharine  matter.  In  this  sense, 
it  is  synonymous  with  the  French  Potion.  In 
France,  however,  the  word  mixture  is  more  fre- 
quently understood  to  mean  a  liquid  medicine, 
which  contains  very  active  substances,  and  can 
only  be  administered  by  drops.  A  mixture,  in 
other  words,  in  the  French  sense,  may  be  regarded 
as  a.  potion  deprived  of  watery  vehicle. 

MISTURA,  (S.)  A  fragrant  yellow-coloured 
water,  used  as  a  perfume  by  the  ladies  of  Peru. 
It  is  prepared  from  gillyflower,  jasmine,  and /?o)- 
de  mistela  (Talinum  umbellatum).  See  Campo- 
manesia  lineatifolia. 

MiSTDRA  Acacia,  Mucilago  Acaciae. 

MiSTURA  Ac"iDi  Hydrocyan'ici,  Mixture  of 
Prussic  acid,  Melange  pectoral  (Magendie).  {Me- 
dicinal prussic  acid,  ^j,  distilled  water,  ^xiv, 
p)ure  sugar,  ^iss.)  A  dessert-spoonful  every 
morning  and  evening,  as  a  pectoral,  &c. 

MlSTURA  Ammoni'aci,  Lac  ammoniaci,  Mixture 
of  ammo' niac.  {Ammoidac.  ^ij,  aqua  Oss.  Rub 
the  ammoniacum  :  adding  the  water  gradually  un- 
til they  are  perfectly  mixed.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
fgss  to  gj. 

MlSTURA  AmtgdaltE,  Emulsio  amygdalse. 

MiSTURA  Asafce'tiDjE,  Lac  asafoetidm,  Emul- 
sio antihyster'ica.  Mixture  of  asafcetida,  (F.)  Lait 
d'asafcetida.  [Assafcetidce  3U;  aqiicB  Oss.  Rub 
together,  adding  the  water  bj'  degrees.  Ph.  U. 
S.)  Used  where  pills  cannot  be  swallowed,  and 
as  a  glyster  in  irritations  during  dentition,  and 
in  ascarides.     Dose,  f,^ss  to  f^iss. 

MlSTURA  Asafcetida  pro  Clysmate,  Enema 
foetidum. 

MlSTURA  Cam'phorje,  Aqua  campliorm  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  Camphor  mixture  or  julep,  Mistura  camjyho- 
Tu'ia,  Jula']pium  e  campliord  sen  camphoratum, 
(F.)  Julep  camphre.  {Camphor.  Jij,  alcohol.  Tr\^xl, 
mngnes.  curb.  ^\.\',  aqucB  Oij.  Rub  the  camphor 
with  the  alcohol,  and  afterwards  with  the  mag- 
nesia, add  the  water,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Virtues  like  those  of  camphor.  See  Emulsio 
camphorse. 

MlSTURA  Cornu  Usti,  Decoc'tum.  eornucervi'ni 
seu  album,  Decoction  of  burnt  hartshorn,  Mixture 
of  burnt  hartshorn.  {Cornunm  ust.  ^ij,  acacia 
qum.  cont.  ^j,  aqum  Oiij.  Boil  to  Oij,  constantly 
stirring,  and  strain.     Ph.  L.) 

Mistura  Creaso'ti,  Cre'asote  mixture.  {Crea- 
sot.,  Acid,  acetic,  aa  TT^xvj,  Sp.  Janipi.  comp.,  Sy- 
rup., aa  f  ,^j  ;  AqucB  f^xiv.  Mix  the  creasote  and 
the  acid;  add  gradually  the  water,  and  then  the 
syrup  and  spirit.  Ph.  E.)  A  fluidounce  con- 
tains a  minim  of  creasote. 

MiSTUEA  Crrta,  Potio  carbona'tis  calcis,  Mis- 
tura creta'cea,  Ifneila'go  eret'ica,  Chalk  or  Creta'- 
ceous  mixture.  Chalk  julep),  (P.)  Mixture  de  Craie. 
{Cret(B  pp.  ^ss,  sacchar.,  acacia  gum.  in  pulv., 
aa  3U>  aqucB  cinnam.,  aquce,  aa  f  .^i^-  Mix.  Ph. 
U.S.)    Antacid  and  absorbent.    Dose,  f^^j  to  f^ij. 

Mistura  Diabol'ica.  A  mixture  under  this 
name  is  kept  in  military  hospitals  for  malin- 
gerers. It  is  made  of  sundry  nauseous  ingre- 
dients, as  aloes,  asafcetida,  castor,  &c.,  and  is 
given  so  as  to  keep  up  a  disagreeable  impression 
on  the  gustatory  nerves. 

Mistura  Emeti'n^  Vomito'ria,  Emetic  mix- 
ture of  emetine.  (Emetine  4  gr.,  orange  flower 
water  ^ij,  syrup  ^S3;  M.)  A  dessert-spoonful 
every  half  hour  till  it  acts. 

Mistura  Frrri  Compos'ita,  Compound  mix- 
lure  of  iron,  (F.)  Blixture  de  fer  cornposee,  Grif- 
fith's mixture.  {Myrrh,  cont.,  3J>  potasscB  carb. 
gr.  XXV,  aqum  roses  f^viiss, /ej-rj  sidph.  in  pulv., 
^j,  sp.  lavand.  ,^ss,  sacchar.  7,].  Rub  together 
the  myrrh,  subearbonate  of  potassa,  and  sugar; 
then  add,  while  triturating,  the  rose-water,  spirit 
of  nutmeg  J    and,  lastly,    the    sulphate    of  iron. 


Pour  the  mixture  directly  into  a  glass  bottle,  and 
stop  it  close.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  tonic  and  emme- 
nagogue,  and  is  useful  wherever  iron  is  indicated. 

Mistura  Glycyrriii'z^  Compos'ita,  Com- 
pound mixture  of  Liq'norice,  Broion  Mixture, 
{Extract.  Glycyrrhiz.  pulv.,  Acacia  pulv.,  Sac- 
char., aa  3SS,-  Tinct.  ojjii  camphorat.  f^^ij  ;  Vin- 
airtimon.  f^j  ;  Spirit,  ather.  nitric,  f  ,^ss  ;  Aqua 
f  ,5xij.  Rub  the  liquorice,  gum  arable,  and  sugnr 
with  the  water,  gradually  poured  upon  them ; 
add  the  other  ingredients  and  mix.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
A  popular  cough  medicine,  but  not  deserving  of 
being  made  officinal.  Dose,  a  tablespoonful  or 
fgss. 

Mistura  Guai'aci,  Ifixfure  of  guai'ac,  Lac 
guaiaci,  Emul'sio  guaiaci'na,  Mistura  guaiaci 
gummo'sa  seu  gummi  gua'iaci  Ber'geri,  Solu'tio 
guaiaci  gummo'sa  seu  resi'na  guaiaci  aquo'sa, 
(F.)  Mixture  de  Guyac.  (Guaiae.  g.  resin.  ^\ss, 
sacch.  pur.  ^ij,  muc.  acacia  gum.  ^Ij,  aq.  cinnam. 
f ^viij.  Rub  the  guaiaoum  with  ttie  sugar;  then 
with  the  mucilage.  Add,  gradually,  the  cinna- 
mon water.    Ph.  L.)     Dose,  f.^ss  to  f.^ij. 

Mistura  Gummi  Guaiaci  Bergeri,  Mistura 
Guaiaci — m.  Hordei,  Decoctum  Hordei  composi- 
tum — m.  Leniens,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Mistura  Moschi,  3L  moscha'ta.  Musk  mixture. 
{Moschi,  acacia  gum.  eontus.,  sacch.  pnrif.,  sing. 
3Jj  aq.  rosa  f^^'J-  T^uh  the  musk  with  the 
sugar;  add  the  gum,  and,  by  degrees,  the  rose- 
water.     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  f^^ss  to  f ^ij. 

Mistura  Scammo'nii,  Scam'mony  Mixture. 
Scammon.  gr.  vij,  Lactis  f^iij.  Triturate  to  form 
an  emulsion.  Ph.  E.)  The  whole  is  a  cathartio 
dose. 

Mistura  Spir'itus  Vini  Gall'ici,  Brandy  3fix- 
ture.  {Sp.  Vin.  Gallic,  Aq.  cinnam.  aa  f.^iv; 
Yitel.  ovo.  i j  ;  Sacchar.  ^ss;  01.  cinnam.  Tt^,  ij. 
M.  Ph.  L.)  An  excitant  draught  for  the  low 
stages  of  fever. 

Mistura  Strych'nia,  Mixture  of  strych'nia. 
{Distilled  neater,  _^ij,  very  pure  strychnia,  1  gr., 
ivhite  sugar,  "^ly,  M..]     Dose,  a  dessert-spoonful. 

Mistura  Sulphurico-acida,  Elixir  acidum 
Halleri — m.  Vulneraria  aeida,  Arquebusade, 
Eau  d'. 

MITCHEL'LA  REPENS,  Partridge  berry.  A 
pretty  little  indigenous  trailing  evergreen,  of  the 
Cinchona  family — Cinchonace*, — which  flowers 
from  June  to  July.  It  has  been  considered  an 
expectorant,  emmenagogue,  and  diuretic;  and  has 
been  prescribed  in  dropsy  and  gout. 

MITELLA,  Sling. 

MITH'RIDATE,  Mithrida'tittm,  Mithridat'- 
icum  medicamen' turn,  Antid'otum  Mithrida'tium, 
Dia-scin'ci  anlid'otus,  Oonfec'tio  Danioc'ratis.  A 
very  compound  electuary,  into  which  entered  — 
Myrrh  of  Arabia,  Saffron,  Agaric,  Ginger,  Cinna- 
mon, Frankincense,  Garlic,  Mustard,  Birthwort, 
Galbanum,  Castor,  Long  pepper,  Opoponax,  Bdel- 
lium, Gum.  Arabic,  Opium,  Gentian,  Orris,  Saga- 
penum,  Valerian,  Acacia,  Hypericum,  Canary 
wine,  Honey,  &e.  It  was  invented  by  Mithrida- 
tes,  king  of  Pontus  and  Bithynia,  and  was  for- 
merly regarded  as  alexipharmic.  It  is  little  used 
at  the  present  day,  and,  from  its  heterogeneous 
nature,  should  be  wholly  abandoned. 

MITHRIDATICUM  MEDICAMENTUM,  Mi- 
thridate. 

MITIGANS,  Lenitive. 

MITRA  HIPPOCRATICA,  Bonnet  d'Hippo- 
crate. 

MITRAL,  Ifitra'lis,  from  nirprj,  mifra,  'a 
headdress.'  Having  the  form  of  a  mitre  ;  resem- 
bling a  bishop's  mitre. 

Mitral  Regurgitation,  see  Regurgitation. 

Mitral  Valves,  Val'vula  mitra'les  seu  Cordis 
mitra'les  seu  episcopa'les  seu  bicuspida'^es  seu 
bicusptida'tcB.    Two  triangular  valves  at  the  open- 


MURIUM 


5  9  8      MOFFAT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF 


ing  of  communication  between  the  left  auricle  of 
the  heart  and  the  corresponding  ventricle.  These 
A'alves  are  formed  by  the  inner  membrane  of  the 
left  cavities  of  the  heart;  and  are  retained  on  the 
side  of  the  ventricle  by  tendinous  cords,  proceed- 
ing from  the  columnse  carneae.  They  form  a  spe- 
cies of  valve,  which  permit  the  blood  to  pass  from 
the  auricle  into  the  ventricle  and  oppose  its  return. 

MURIUM,  Sling. 

3JITTE  (F.),  Efflii'vium  Latrina'riiim.  An 
emanation  exhaled  from  privies,  which  strongly 
irritates  the  eyes.  It  consists  of  ammonia,  united 
to  the  carbonic  and  hydro-sulphuric  acids. 

MIU AMARU,  see  Arrow  poison. 

MIVA,  Marmelade. 

MIXIS,  Coition,  Mistura. 

MIXTIO,  Mistura. 

MIXTURA,  Mistura. 

MIXTURE,  Mistura— m.  Almond,  Emulsio 
Amygdalas — m.  of  Ammoniac,  Mistura  ammoniac! 
— m.  of  Asafoetida,  Mistura  asafoetidse. 

Mixture,  Brandt,  Mistura  spiritus  vini 
Gallici — m.  Brown,  Mistura  glycyrrhizse  compo- 
sita — m.  Calmante,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Mixture,  Camphor,  Mistura  camphorse — m. 
Chalk,  Mistura  cretse. 

3IIXTVBE  DE  CRAIE,  Mistura  cretse  — m. 
of  Creasote,  Mistura  creasoti. 

Mixture,  Cretaceous,  Mistura  cretse. 

Mixture  of  Emetine,  (emetic)  Mistura  eme- 
tinse  vomitoria — m.  de  Fer  composee,  Mistura  ferri 
composita — m.  de  Gayac,  Mistura  Guaiaci. 

Mixture,  Griffith's,  Mistura  ferri  composita. 

Mixture  of  Guaiac,  Mistura  Guaiaci — m.  of 
Gum  Arabic,  see  Emulsio  Acaciae  —  m.  of  Harts- 
horn, burnt,  Mistura  cornu  usti — m.  of  Iron,  com- 
pound, Mistura  ferri  composita. 

Mixture,  Hope's.  A  mixture  recommended 
by  Mr.  Hope  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is 
essentially  a  nitrate  of  morphia.  Although  the 
proposer  employed  the  acidum  nitrosum  of  the 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia,  nitric  acid  is  gene- 
rally used.  {Acid,  nitros.  f^j;  AqucB  camphor. 
f  gviij  ;  Tinct.  opii  gtt.  xl. ;  M.)  Dose,  a  fourth 
part  every  three  or  four  hours. 

Mixture  op  Liquorice,  Compound,  Mistura 
glycyrrhizse  composita — m.  Lithontriptique  de 
Durande,  see  Liquor  anodynus  terebinthinatus — 
m.  of  Marsh  mallows,  Decoctum  althaae. 

Mixture,  Musk,  Mistura  moschi — m.  Xeutral, 
Liquor  potassse  citratis — m.  of  Prussic  acid,  Mis- 
tura acidi  hydrocyanici. 

Mixture  op  Scammony,  Mistura  scammonii. 

Mixture,  Scudamore's.  A  mixture  recom- 
mended by  Sir  C.  Scudamore  in  gouty  and  rheu- 
matic affections,  and  much  prescribed  in  the 
United  States.  3fagnes.  sulp^i.  ^j — ^iy,  Aquas 
menthcE  i'^Ti  \  Aceti  eoJcMc.  f^j — fSiss;  Syrup 
croci  f^j  ;  Magnes.  Qviij,  M.  Dose,  one,  two,  or 
three  tablespoonfuls,  repeated  every  two  hours  in 
a  paroxysm  of  gout,  until  from  four  to  six  evacu- 
ations are  produced  in  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Mixture  of  Strychnia,  Mistura  stryehnise  — 
m.  de  Whitt,  see  Liquor  anodynus  terebinthi- 
natus.       _ 

MXEME,  Memory. 

Mneme  Cephal'icum  Bal'samum.  A  very 
compound  medicine,  into  which  entered  Balm, 
Lily,  Rosemary,  Lavender,  Borage,  Broom,  Roses, 
Violet,  Saffron.  Thyme,  Stora.x,  Galbanum,  &0. 

MXEMOXEUTICE,  Mnemonics. 

MXEMOX'ICS,  Mnemon'ice,  Jfnemoneu'tice, 
Ilnemotechne,  (fivrj/jr),  'memory;'  fivriiioviKoq,  'ap- 
pertaining to  memory,')  from  fivaoiiai,  'I  recol- 
lect.' The  art  of  aiding  the  memory;  and  of 
forming,  in  some  sort,  an  artificial  memory. 

MXEMOTECHNB,  Mnemonics. 

MOANING,  from  Sax.  msenan,  'to  grieve.' 
Respira'tio  luctuo'sa,  Mychthis'mos.     A  plaintive 


respiration,  in  which  the  patient  utters  audible 
groans, — moans,  (E.)  Gemissemejits. 

MOBILE,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

MOBIL'ITY,  Jfobiritas,  from  moVilis,  contrac- 
tion of  movihilis,  '  that  can  be  moved.'  The  power 
of  being  moved.  In  physiology,  great  nervous 
susceptibility,  often  joined  to  a  disposition  to  con- 
vulsion.    Greatly  developed  excitability. 

MOCCASIN  FLOWER,  Cypripedium  acaule, 
C.  luteum — m.  Plant,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

MOCH'LIA.  Reduction  of  a  luxated  bone; 
from  fioyi^us,  a  lever. 

MOCHLICUS,  Purgative. 

MOCHLISCUS,  Lever. 

MOCHLUS,  Lever. 

MOCHTHUS,  Agony. 

MOCK-KNEES,  Crusta  genu  equina?. 

MOD'ELLING  PROCESS.  A  term  proposed 
by  Dr.  Macartney,  of  Dublin,  to  signify  the  mode 
in  which  wounds  are  healed  without  inflamma- 
tion or  suppuration,  by  a  deposit  of  plastic 
matter  from  the  surface  of  the  wound,  by  ■which 
the  gap  is  more  rapidly  filled, — portion  being  laid 
upon  portion,  without  waste,  after  the  manner  of 
clay  in  the  hands  of  the  sculptor; — hence  the 
term. 

MODI'OLUS,  'the  nave  of  a  wheel.'  Pyr'a- 
mis  seu  Axis  seu  Colnviel'la  coch'lecB.  A  hollow 
cone  in  the  cochlea  of  the  ear,  forming  a  nucleus, 
axis,  or  central  pillar,  round  which  the  gyri  of 
the  cochlea  pass.  The  modiolus  forms  the  inner 
and  larger  portion  of  the  central  pillar,  and  is  the 
cavity  seen  at  the  bottom  of  the  meatus  audito- 
rius  internus.  It  lodges  a  branch  of  the  auditory 
nerve.  The  central  portion  of  the  modiolus  con- 
tains a  number  of  minute  canals,  and  is  called  in 
consequence  Tractus  spira'lis  foraminulo'siis. 
Into  these  the  nerves  of  the  cochlea  enter,  and 
pass  out  at  right  angles  between  the  bony  plates 
forming  the  zona  ossea  of  the  lamina  spiralis,  to 
be  expanded  on  the  membranous  portion  of  the 
lamina. 

Modiolus,  3Ias,  also  means  the  crown  of  the 
trepan. 

MODIRA  CANIRAM,  Strychnos  eolubrina. 

MO'DIUS.  A  dry  measure,  the  third  of  an 
amphora,  equal  to  the  bushel. — Yarro. 

MODUS  OPERAN'DL  'mode  of  operating.' 
This  term  is  applied  to  the  general  principles 
upon  which  remedies  act  in  morbid  states  of  the 
body; — a  subject  of  much  interest,  although  in- 
volved in  considerable  obscurity. 

The  following  classification  will  convey  some 
idea  of  the  ways  in  which  different  organs  may 
be  excited  into  action. 

1.  By  actual  or  immediate  contact  of  the  remedy,  and 

by  absorption  or  mediate  contact. 

2.  By  an  impulse  conveyed  by  the  nerves,  through  an 

impression  made  on  the  stomach  or  el.«ewhere. 

3.  By  contiguous  or  continuous  sympathy,  or  by  mere 

proximity  or  continuity  of  parts. 

MOELLE,  Marrow — m.  Allongee,  Medulla  ob- 
longata— m.  Epiniere,  Medulla  spinalis — m.  Yer- 
tebrale.  Medulla  spinalis. 

MCENIA  DENTIUM,  Alveoli  dentium. 

MCEROR,  Athymia. 

MOFETTE.  Azote,  see  Mephitism. 

MOFFAT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Moffat 
is  a  village  situate  about  56  miles  S.  W.  of  Edin- 
burgh. The  water  is  a  cold  sulphureous;  con- 
taining, in  a  wine  gallon,  .36  grains  of  chloride  of 
sodium,  5  cubic  inches  of  carbonic  acid,  4  of  azote, 
and  10  of  sulphohydrie  acid.  It  resembles  Har- 
rowgate  water  in  its  properties. 

A  strong  chalybeate  spring  was  discovered 
there  about  the  year  1S28,  which  contains  sesqui- 
sulphate  of  peroxide  of  iron,  sulphate  of  alumina, 
and  uncombined  sulphuric  acid. 


MOGIGRAPHIA 


599 


MOLLITIES 


MOGIGRAPHIA,  Cramp,  writers'.      - 

MOGILA'LIA,  Parahi'lia,  from  iioyi;,  'with 
difi5culty,'  and  \a\uv,  '  to  speak.'  Tbis  word  is 
inaccurately  written  b}'  Paul  Zacchias, — Blula'Ua, 
and  MidiWlia.  Difficult  or  defective  articulation. 
Impediment  of  speech.     See  Balbuties. 

MOGOSTOCIA,  Dystocia,  Laborious  labour. 

MOGUS,  Agony. 

MOHAWK  TASSEL,  Eupatorium  purpureum. 

MOHRIA  THURIF'RAGA.  A  South  African 
fern,  Nat.  Ord.  Filioes,  the  dry  leaves  of  which, 
jiulverized  and  made  into  an  ointment  with  fat, 
are  serviceable  in  burns  and  scalds. 

MOIGNOiV,  Stump. 

MQIS,  Menses. 

MOISTURE,  Mador.  (F.)  IMtem;  anciently 
mnistear.  Simple  humidity  of  the  skin.  The  skin 
is  said  to  be  moist  or  in  a  state  of  moisture,  when 
there  is  slight  perspiration. 

MOiTEUR,  Moisture. 

MOLA,  Maxillary  bone.  Molar  tooth,  Mole, 
Patella. 

MOLAGOCODI,  Piper  nigrum. 

MOLAIRE,  Molar. 

MOLALIA,  Mogilalia. 

MOLAR,  Mola'ris,  Mj/' liens,  (F.)  3foIaire,  Meu- 
lih-e.  That  which  bruises  or  grinds;  from  mola- 
ris,  'a  grindstone,'  or  mola,  'a  millstone,'  {molo, 
'  I  grind.') 

Molar  Glands.  Two  small  bodies  formed  by 
a  collection  of  mucous  crypts;  seated  in  the  sub- 
Stance  of  the  cheeks,  between  the  mnssefer  and 
buccinator  muscles,  and  whose  excretory  ducts 
open  into  the  mouth  opposite  the  last  molar  tooth. 

Molar  Teeth,  Grinders,  Jaw  Teeth,  Mnla'ree 
permanen' tes  denies,  Denies  molares  seu  niaxilla'- 
res  seu  (jom'phii  seu  clava'Ies,  Molm,  Gomphioi, 
My'lacri,  Mylodontes,  ihj'lodi,  3!omis'ci,  Lag- 
teeth,  Wall  teeth,  (Prov.)  Azzle  teeth.  Axle  teeth, 
Cheek  teeth,  Wang  teeth,  (F.)  Dents  molaires  ou 
mdchelieres,  occupy  the  farther  part  of  each  al- 
veolar arch.  Their  coronffi  are  broader  than  they 
are  high  :  unequal;  tuberculated  ;  and  the  roots 
are  more  or  less  subdivided.  They  are  20  in 
number,  10  in  each  jaw.  The  first  two  pairs  of 
molar  teeth  in  each  jaw  have  been  called  lessei- 
molares,  premo'lar  or  bictispid,  Denies  bicnspi- 
da'ti  seu  bncea'les.  The  eoronse  have  two  tuber- 
cles;  the  outer  being  more  prominent  and  larger 
than  the  inner.  The  root  is  commonly  simple ; 
sometimes  bifurcated.  The  other  three  pairs 
have  been  termed.  Great  molares — Denies  midti- 
cnspidees  (Ch.)  Their  coronse  are  cubical, 
rounded,  and  have,  at  the  upper  surface,  four  or 
five  tubercles,  separated  by  deep  furrows.  The 
root  is  divided  into  two,  three,  four,  and  ^vb  fangs, 
which  are  more  or  less  curved.  The  third  great 
molaris  appears  a  long  time  after  the  others,  and 
hence  has  been  called  Dens  sapiien'ticB  or  Wisdom 
tooth. 

MOLASSES,  Melasses. 

MOLE,  Mola,  from  moles,  'mass.'  Myle,  Ze- 
phyr'ins  foetus,  Germen  falsum,  Pseudocye'sis  mo- 
laris, Gravid'itas  molaris.  Mooncalf,  old  French, 
Fardeau.  A  fleshy,  insensible,  at  times,  soft — at 
others,  hard — mass ;  of  variable  and  determinate 
size,  which  forms  in  the  uterus,  and  is  slightly 
united  by  vessels  to  that  organ  ;  from  which  its 
feeble  vitality  is  derived.  It  has  been  conceived 
by  some  to  be  always  owing  to  imperfect  concep- 
tion ;  but  moles  may  form  in  the  undoubted  vir- 
gin. They  seem  to  be  owing  to  a  morbid  pro- 
cess;  and  certainly  are  generally  connected  with 
conception.  At  times,  they  contain  parts  of  the 
foetus:  hut  commonly  do  not.  At  very  different 
periods,  in  different  women,  the  diseased  mass  is 
expelled  from  the  uterus,  with  ordinary  symp- 
toms of  abortion ;  ana  the  case  requires  similar 


management.  See,  also,  Naevus,  and  Conception, 
(false.) 

MOLE  PLANT,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

MOLECULAR,  Molecula'ris.  Of  or  belong, 
ing  to  molecules  or  minute  portions  of  any  thing. 
Hence  molecular  death,  in  contradistinction  to 
somatic  death. 

MOL'ECULE,  3folec'ula,  3fass'tda,-  diminu- 
tive oi moles,  'a  mass.'  A  minute  portion  of  any 
body.  Also,  the  cicairic'ula,  nia'cula,  galhitn'rci, 
gelat'inous  molecule,  tread  of  the  cock,  or  embryo 
part  of  the  impregnated  ovum,  observable  by  the 
microscope  before  the  ovum  has  left  the  ovarium 
of  the  hen.  It  lies  under  the  epidermic  coals  of 
the  yelk,  and  upon  its  proper  coat.  If  the  ovum, 
according  to  Valentin,  be  lacerated  and  its  con- 
tents minutely  examined,  the  cicatricula  is  found 
like  a.  grayish  white  disk,  which  in  its  whole  pe- 
riphery is  dense,  granulous,  and  opake;  but  in 
the  centre  presents  a  clear,  nongranulous,  and 
perfectly  diaphanous  point.  Purkinje  found,  that 
when  he  removed  the  dark  granulous  mass  by 
suction  with  a  small  tube,  there  remained  a  per- 
fectly transparent  vesicle  filled  with  a  pellucid 
lymph,  which  had  a  decidedly  spherical  form, 
but,  being  extremely  delicate,  was  easily  lacera- 
ted, and  then  its  fluid  escaped.  As  he  found  this, 
which  later  naturalists  have  named — after  its  dis- 
coverer— the  PtirMii'jean  ves'icle,  in  the  ova  of  the 
ovary,  but  could  not  see  it  in  ova,  which  had  al- 
ready entered  the  oviduct,  he  gave  it  the  name 
germinal  vesicle,  or  germ  cell,  vesic'ula  prolif'era, 
seu  germinati'va,  (F.)  Vesicnle  germinative.  Be- 
sides a  perfectly  colourless  fluid,  this  contains  one 
or  more  dark  corpuscles,  which  appear  as  a  nu- 
cleus through  the  including  membrane  in  the 
shape  of  opake  spots — the  germinal  spot,  mac'idn 
qerminnti'va  seu  c/er'minans,  nu'cleus  germinoti'- 
vus,  Blasio-car'dia,  Cor'culum  ^  ger'minis,  (F.) 
Tache  germinative.  The  granulous  membrane — 
its  thickened  portion,  the  so-called  'cicatricula,' 
— and  the  germinal  vesicle,  constitute  those  parts 
of  the  orum  which  pass  immediately  into  the 
original  foundation  of  the  embryo,  the  blasfoder- 
ma  or  germinal  membrane,  vesic'tda  blastoderniat'- 
icri,  blastoder'mic  vesicle. 

Molecule,  Gelatinous,  Molecule. 

3J0LENE,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

MOLES  GANGLIFORMIS,  Ganglion  of 
Gasser. 

MOLIBDUS,  Plumbum. 

MOLILALIA,  Mogilalia. 

MOLI'MEN,  pi.  Molim'ina,  from  molior,  'to 
move  or  stir,'     An  attempt,  a  struggle.     Hence: 

MoLiMEN  Crit'icum.  An  impulsion  tovrards 
a  sudden  solution  or  crisis  of  a  disease. 

MoLiMEN  H^mohrhag"icum.  The  hemor- 
rhagic diathesis  or  impulsion. 

MoLiMEN  HiEMOREHOiDA'LE.  The  hemorrhoi- 
dal diathesis  or  impulsion.     See  Ha?morrhois. 

MoLiMEN  Menstrua'lij.  The  menstrual  dia- 
thesis or  impulsion. 

MoLiMEN  NatuRjE  Salutarium,  Instinct. 

MOLKENKUR,  Whey  cure. 

MOLLESCENCE,  Mollifies. 

MOLLET,  Sura. 

MOLLIPUFFS,  Lycoperdon. 

MOLLIS  MATER,  Pia  mater. 

MOLLIT"IES,  J/o??CTVf»,ce,  Malacis'mus,  Mnl. 
lit"ia,  Mollitu'do,  Emollit"ies,  E.  morbo'sa,  Jfol- 
litio,  Malax'is,  Malaco'sis,  Mcdihax'is,  (F.)  Ra- 
moUissement ;  (G.)  Malakien  (Fuchs);  from 
mollis,  'soft.'  Preternatural  softness  of  an  organ 
or  part  of  an  organ. 

Mollities  Cer'ebri,  Malaco'sis  Cer'ehri,  En- 
cephalom ala'cia,  Encepha lomulax'is,  Necrenreph'- 
alus  (W.  Farr),  Cerebromnln'cia,  Evcephah.pep'. 
sis,  Molles'eence  or  softeninr)    or  a  kind  of  lique- 


MOLLITIO 


600 


MONEYWORT 


faction  of  the  cerebral  substance  ;  tbe  remainder 
preserving  its  ordinary  consistency.  (F.)  Bamol- 
lissemeiit  dii  cervean.  Tlie  ncurine  often  contains 
small  clots  of  blood,  giving  rise  to  what  has  been 
termed  Apoplexie  capillaire,  (Cruveilhier.)  The 
symptoms  denoting  it  are  equivocal. 
MoLLiTiES  Cordis,  Cardiomalacia. 
MoLLiTiES  Medul'l^  Spina'lis,  Myelomcila'- 
cia,  (F.)  Ramollissement  de  la  Moelle  Epiniere. 
Softening  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

MoLLiriES  Os'siUM,  Malaeosteo'sis,  Malacos'- 
teon,  JSniollit"ies  os'sinm,  Paros'tia  Jlex'ilia,  Os- 
teonialaco'sis,  Osteomala'cia,  Rachi'tis  seu  Rha- 
cM'tis  adulto'rum,  Spina  vento'sa  (of  some),  S(ft' 
ening  of  the  bones,  (F.)  Osteo-walacie,  Osteo-ma- 
laxie,  Osteo-malakie,  Ramollissement  des  as.  A 
rare  affection,  in  which  tbe  bones  are  deprived  of 
their  salts,  particularly  of  the  phosphate  of  lime, 
and  consist  only,  or  mainly,  of  gelatin  ;  hence 
they  acquire  a  degree  of  suppleness  which  ren- 
ders them  unfit  for  the  performance  of  their  func- 
tions. The  disease  generally  affects  all  the 
bones;  but  it  is  especially  remarkable  during  life 
in  the  long  bones,  which  assume  any  curvature 
that  may  be  wished.  Very  violent  pain  is  often 
experienced  in  them  ;  and  the  urine  frequently 
contains  an  enormous  proportion  of  calcareous 
phosphate.  The  patient  is  compelled  to  remain 
in  the  horizontal  posture;  the  bones  no  longer 
being  fixed  points  for  the  muscles  to  act  upon. 
The  disease  has,  hitherto,  always  terminated 
fatally,  and  dissection  has  exhibited  the  gelati- 
nous nature  of  the  bones;  which,  by  desiccation, 
have  become  transjparent,  as  if  they  had  been  ma- 
cerated in  acid. 

Experience  has  afforded  no  means  of  relief  in 
this  dreadful  affliction.  The  alkaline  salts,  earthy 
phosphates,  Ac.  are  of  little  or  no  use. 

MOLLITIO.  MoUities. 

MOLLITUDO,  Mollities. 

MOLLUS'CUM,  Athero'ma,  Ochthi'asis.  A 
cutaneous  affection,  so  called  in  consequence  of 
its  resemblance  to  certain  molluscous  animals. 
It  consists  of  numerous  tumours,  varying  in  size 
from  that  of  a  pea  to  that  of  a  pigeon's  egg,  filled 
with  an  atheromatous  matter,  which  are  de- 
veloped in  the  substance  of  the  derma,  and  are 
of  various  shapes,  some  having  a  large  base,  — 
others  adherent  by  means  of  a  pedicle. 

Molluscum  contagio'snm,  (F.)  Acne  mollusco'ide, 
a  singular  variety,  is  characterized  by  the  pre- 
sence of  hard,  round,  tubercles,  which  are  smooth 
and  transparent,  and  when  pressed,  pour  out  from 
an  orifice  in  their  summits  a  little  opake  or  milkj' 
fluid. 

The  disease  is  probably  seated  in  the  sebaceous 
follicles. 

If  internal  treatment  be  adopted  at  all,  it  must 
consist  of  eutrophies,  as  arsenic,  iodine,  &g.  The 
external  treatment  consists  in  the  employment  of 
measures  calculated  to  excite  the  tubercles  to  in- 
flammation, as  by  touching  them  with  potassa. 

MOLOCHE,  Malva  rotundifolia. 

MOLOPES,  Vibiees. 

MOLYBDENUM  MAGNESII,  Manganese, 
black  oxide  of. 

MOLYBDOCACHEXIA,  Saturnisraus. 

MOLYBDOCOLICA,  Colica  metallica. 

MOLYBDONOSUS,  Lead-poisoning. 

MOLYBDOPARBSIS,  Palsy,  lead. 

MOLYBDOS.  Plumbum. 

MOLYBBOSIS,  Lead-poisoning. 

MOLYNE.  Anus. 

MOLYNSIS,  Miasma. 

MOMfE.  Mummy. 

MOMIN,  Mamei. 

MOMISCI.  Molar  teeth. 

MOMOR'DICA,  31.  Bahrtmi'na,  from  mordeo, 
niomordi,  morsum,  '  to  bite/  Bahami'na,  Nevro- 


sper'ma  cuspida'ta,  Balm-apple,  Balsam  apple, 
(F.)  Balsami?ie,  Pomme  de  merveille.  Ord.  Cu- 
curbitacese.  The  fruit  of  this  oriental  tree, 
Poramn  mirah'ile  seu  hieroaolymita'num,  was  for- 
merly considered  vulnerary. 

MoMORDicA  AsPERA,  M.  Elaterium. 

Momor'dica  Elate'rium  :  31.  as'pera,  Elate'- 
rium,  Ecba'lia  Elate'rium,  Ecbalium  officina'- 
rum  seu  agreste  seu  cordifo'lium,  Cu'cumis 
agres'tis  seu  asini'nus  seu  sylves'tris,  Cha- 
ran'tia,  Bouba'lios,  Guarerba  orba,  Ecbol'ium 
elate'rium,  Wild,  Squirting,  or  Asses'  cu' cumber, 
(F.)  Concombre  Sauvage,  Momordique.  Nat, 
Order,  Cucurbitacese.  The  dried  sediment  from 
the  juice  is  the  elaterium  of  the  shops.  (See 
Extractum  Elaterii.)  It  is  a  most  powerful  ca- 
thartic, and,  as  such,  has  been  used  in  dropsies. 
Its  active  principle  is  the  Elatin,  Elaterin  or 
Elaterium.     Dose,  gr.  ^  to  gr.  j.  until  it  operates. 

3I03I0RDIQUE,  Momordica  elaterium. 

MONAD,  from  /lovag,  iiovaios,  'unity.'  A  sim- 
ple particle,  or  atom,  or  unit.  —  Leibnitz.  The 
smallest  of  all  visible  animalcules.  A  primary 
cell  or  germ. 

MONE,  Nates. 

MONAR'DA,  31.  did'yma  seu  coccin'ea  seu 
purjni'rea  seu  Kahnia'na,  Scarlet  Rose  balm, 
3Iountain  mint,  Oswe'go  Tea,  31ountain  Balm, 
Horsemint,  Square  stalk.  Red  balm;  a  beautiful 
indigenous  plant,  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia. 
Nat.  Ord.  Labiatee,  having  the  excitant  proper- 
ties of  Monarda  punctata. 

Monarda  Allophylla,  M.  fistulosa — m.  Cli- 
nopodia,  M.  fistulosa  —  m.  Coccinea,  Monarda  — 
m.  Didyma,  Monarda. 

Monar'da  Fistulo'sa,  3f.  rugo'sa  and  oblon- 
ga'ta;  31.  clinopod'ia  seu  allophyVla,  Wild  ber- 
gamot,  Horsemint.  The  leaves  have  a  fragrant 
smell;  and  an  aromatic,  somewhat  bitter  taste. 
They  are  reputed  to  be  nervine,  stomachic,  and 
deobstruent  [?]. 

Monarda  Kalmiana,  Monarda — m.  Oblongata, 
M.  fistulosa. 

Monar'da  Pdncta'ta,  Horsemint.  Indigenous 
in  the  United  States.  Stimulant  and  carmina- 
tive. The  Oleum  monardm  is  officinal  in  the 
United  States. 

Monarda  Purpurea,  Monarda  —  m.  Rugosa, 
M.  fistulosa. 

3I0NDER  (F.),  from  mundus,  'cleanly.'  To 
render  clean  or  pure.  In  Pharmacy,  it  means  to 
separate  any  substance  from  its  impure  or  useless 
portion.  In  surgery,  monder  ou  mondifier  une 
pilaie,  is  to  clean  or  deterge  a  wound. 

3I0NDIFICATIFS,  Detergents. 

3I0NDIFIER   UNE  PLAIE,  see  3Tonder. 

MONE'MERON,  3Ionoe'meron,  ilonohe' meron ; 
from  fiovos,  'one,'  and  'rificpa,  'a  day.'  A  name 
given  to  several  collyria,  which  were  supposed  to 
be  capable  of  curing  diseases  of  the  eyes  in  a  day. 

MONENTERUM,  Colon. 

MONE'SIA.  A  vegetable  extract  imported  into 
Europe  from  South  America,  in  hard,  thick  cakes. 
It  is  prepared  from  the  bark  of  a  tree,  whose  bo- 
tanical name  is  uncertain — probably  ChrysophyU- 
luni  ghjcyphlm'um  seu  Buranhem,  Burunhem, 
Guaranhem ;  Ord.  Sapotaceae.  It  is  very  friable, 
and  its  fracture  very  much  resembles  that  of  a 
well-torrefied  cocoanut.  It  is  wholly  soluble  in 
water;  and  its  taste  —  which  is  at  first  sweet  like 
liquorice  —  sometimes  becomes  astringent.  It  is 
on  account  of  its  astringent  properties  that  it  has 
been  prescribed  in  chronic  bronchitis,  hasmo- 
ptysis,  diarrhoea,  leucorrhoea,  uterine  hemorrhage, 
&c.  It  has  been  applied  locally,  in  the  form  of 
ointment,  (3fones.  p.  1,  Adipis,  p.  vij). 

The  dose  of  Monesia  is  from  12  to  40  grains  a 
day. 

MONEYWORT,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 


MONGOLIAN 


601 


MONSTER 


MONGO'LTAN.  Anthropologists  give  the  name 
Mongolian  race  to  a  variety  of  the  human  species, 
spread  over  a  great  part  of  the  north  of  Asia,  in 
China,  India,  Thibet,  the  Moluccas,  &c.  The  in- 
dividuals composing  it  have  the  skin  of  a  brown 
red,  forehead  flat,  nose  broad,  cheeks  prominent, 
and  lips  large.  See  Homo. 
MONGREL,  Hj'brid. 
MONIPLIES,  Omasum. 

MONISM,  Mollis' mus ;  from  /lova;,  'unity.' 
The  doctrine,  which  declares  matter  and  mind  to 
be  identical. 

MONK  PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS.  A 
class  of  practitioners  of  whom  Frere  Cosme  and 
Jacques  Beaulieu  in  France,  and  Pravetz  in  Ger- 
many, were  the  most  distinguished. 

MONKSHOOD,  Aconitum — m.  Common,  Aco- 
nicum  napellus — m.  Salutary,  Aconitum  anthora 
— m.  Wild,  Aconitum  uncinatum. 

MONNI'NA  POLYSTA'CHIA.  A  beautiful 
South  American  plant.  Nat.  Orel.  Polygalete. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Octandria.  The  bark  of 
the  root  is  a  powerful  astringent,  and  much  used 
in  South  America  in  diseases  of  the  bowels. 

MONNYPLIES,  Omasum. 

MONOBLEP'SIS,  from  monos,  and  /JXe^i?, 
'sight.'  An  affection  in  which  vision  is  confused, 
imperfect,  and  indistinct,  when  both  eyes  are  em- 
ployed ;  but  perfect  or  nearly  so,  when  either  eye 
is  used  singly. 

MONOCAR'PiE,  from  moiios,  and  Kapiro;, 
'fruit.'  A  division  of  cutaneous  affections,  of  the 
family  of  Eczematosen,  of  Fuchs,  which  in- 
cludes strophulus,  psydraeia,  and  ecthyma. 

MONOCEPH'ALUS,  from  monos,  and  KcipaXri, 
'head.'  A  compound  monster  having  two  bodies 
with  a  single  head. 

MONOCOLON,  Caecum,  Rectum. 

MONOCRA'NUS,  from  monos,  and  xpavov,  xpa- 
viov,  'cranium.'  A  monster  with  one  cranium, 
but  with  the  face  in  part  double.^ — -Gurlt. 

MONOCULUM,  Ca3cum. 

MONOC'ULUS,  Moti'ocle,  ironophthal'mm, 
Unioe'ulus,  Unoc'nhis,  from  monns,  and  ocuIks, 
'an  eye.'  A  bandage  employed  to  maintain 
topical  applications  over  one  of  the  eyes.  This 
bandage,  called  by  some  surgeons  Simplex  oo'u- 
lus,  (F,)  CEil  simple,  is  made  of  a  roller  three  or 
four  ells  long,  rolled  into  a  single  ball.  See 
Cyclops. 

MONODIPLO'PIA,  from  ^iT^ou;,  'double,'  and 
(ijip,  'eye.'     Double  vision  with  one  eye. 

MONOEMERON,  Monemeron. 

MONOGAS'TRIC,  3Ionogas'tricns,  from  monos, 
and  yacTrip,  '  stomach.'  That  which  has  but  one 
stomach.  Man  is  monogastric  :  ruminating  ani- 
mals, on  the  contrary,  are  pnlygastric. 

MONOGENY,  see  Generation. 

MON'OGRAPH,  MED'ICAL,  Jfonograph'ia 
med'ica,  from  monns,  and  ypa(pr],  '  description.' 
An  ex  prnfesso  treatise  on  a  single  class  of  dis- 
eases, or  on  a  single  disease. 

MONOHEMERON,  Monemeron. 

MONOMACHON,  Caecum. 

MONOMACUxM,  Caeoura. 

MONOMANIA,  see  Melancholy  —  m.  Homi- 
cidal, Homicidal  insanity — m.  Incendiary,  Pyro- 
mania. 

MONOMA'NIAC,  Monnmani'acua,  (F.)  Mono- 
mane,  Moiwmaniaque,  from  monos,  and  uavia, 
'mania.'  One  who  labours  under  monomania,  or 
insanity  on  one  subject. 

MOiSfOMANIE,  Melancholy  — jn.  Homicide, 
Homicidal  insanity. 

MONOMMATOS,  Cyclops. 

MONOMORIA,  see  Melancholy. 

MONOM'PHALUS,  from  monos,  and  o^i^aAo?, 
'a  navel.'  A  monster  produced  by  the  union  of 
two  bodies  having  a  common  umbilicus.     Such  a 


double  monster  is  called  by  I.  G.  St.  Hilairo 
Monompiha'lian,  (F.)  3Ionomphalien. 

MONOPAGIA,  Clavus  hystericus,  Hemicrania'. 

MONOP'ATHY,  3Ionopathi'a,  from  monos, 
and  jraSof,  '  disorder.'  A  state  in  which  one 
organ  or  function  is  disordered.  Applied  to  me- 
lancholy or  monomania;  which  is  said  to  be  a 
monopathic  affection. 

MONOPEGIA,  Clavus  hystericus,  Hemicrania. 

MONOPHTHALMUS,  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 

MONOPLAS'TIC,  Monoplas'ticns,  from  monos, 
and  irXao-ffu,  'I  form.'  That  which  has  one  form. 
A  monoplastic  element,  in  histology  is  one  which 
retains  its  primary  form. — Gerber. 

MONOPODIA,  Sympodia. 

MONOPS,  Cyclops. 

MONOPSIA,  Cyclopia. 

MONOPUS,  Symmeles. 

MONOR'CHIS,  (F.)  Monorchide,  from  monos, 
and  opx'S,  op^iSog,  'testicle.'  One  who  has  only 
one  testicle. 

MONOS,  fiovo?,  one  alone ;  as  in 

MONOS'CELUS,  from  monos,  and  okiXo;,  'a 
leg.'     One  legged. 

MONOSI'TIA,  from  monos,  and  cirog,  'food,' 
'repast.'  The  habit  of  taking  only  one  meal  in 
the  day. 

MOis^OSO'MIAN,  (F.)  Monosomien,  from  monos, 
and  atiiiia,  'a  body.'  An  epithet  applied  to  a 
double  monster,  which  seems,  in  the  first  instance, 
to  have  had  but  one  body. 

MONOT'ROPA  UNIFLO'RA,  {monos,  and 
rpo-os,  'a  turn,'  the  solitary  flower  turned  to  one 
side,)  Indian  pipe,  Iceplant,  Pipe-plant,  Nest 
root,  Fit  root.  Ord.  Ericaceee.  An  indigenous 
plant,  whose  juice,  mixed  with  water,  has  been 
extolled  by  the  Indians  in  ophthalmia.  The  dried 
root  in  powder  has  been  given  in  epilepsy  and 
nervous  diseases. 

MONS  VEN'ERIS,  Montic'ulns  Ven'eris, 
('Mount  of  Venus,')  EpJiebe'um,  (F.)  Mont  de 
Vfniis,  Penil,  Motte,  Eminence  sus-ptnhienne.  The 
more  or  less  projecting  eminence,  situate  at  the 
base  of  the  hypogastrium.  above  the  vulva  and 
in  front  of  the  os  pubis.  At  the  period  of  puberty 
it  becomes  covered  with  hair,  formerly  called 
Tresao'ria. 

MONSO'NIA  OVA'TA,  Keita,  of  the  Hotten- 
tots. A  plant  of  the  Nat.  Ord.  Geraniacefe,  which 
grows  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  root  and 
herb  are  very  astringent,  and  are  used  success- 
j  fully  in  dysentery. 

MONSTER,  Monstrim,  ('anything  strange.') 
Porten'tum,  Teras,  Pelor,  Pelo'ria,  Pelo'rium,  Pe- 
lo'rum,  (F.)  3Ionstre.  Any  organized  being,  hav- 
ing an  extraordinary  vice  of  conformation,  or  a 
preternatural  perversion  of  every  part,  or  of  cer- 
tain parts  only. 

The  following  classification  embraces  the  main 
varieties  of  malformations  —  Vitia  pirimcB  con- 
formationis. — 1.  Those  in  which  certain  parts  of 
the  normal  body  are  absent  or  defective — monstra 
defieientia,  constituting  Ectrog"eny  (Serres),  — 
Monstrosity  hy  defect,  (F.)  Anomalie  ou  Monstru- 
osite  par  defaiit,  Agenesie.  2.  Those  produced  by 
fusion  or  coalition  of  organs  —  enalitio  jiartittm, 
symphysis.  3.  Those,  in  which  parts,  united  in 
the  normal  state,  are  separated  from  each  other — 
clefts,  fissures.  4.  Those  in  which  normal  open- 
ings are  occluded — atresia.  5.  Those  by  excess, 
or  in  which  certain  parts  have  a  disproportionate 
size  —  monstra  abundantia,  3Ionstros'ity  hy  excess, 
(F.)  3Ionstruosite  par  exces,  Hypergenesie.  6. 
Those,  in  which  one  or  more  parts  have  an  ab- 
normal position — situs  mutatus.  7.  Those  affect- 
ing the  sexual  organs — hermaphroditism;  and 
to  these  "  true  malformations"  Vogel  adds  8. 
Diseases  of  the  foetus,  and  abnormal  states  of  its 
envelopes. 


MONSTERS 


602 


MORBUS 


Amongst  the  numerous  hypotheses  entertained 
on  the  origin  or  cause  of  monsters,  or  of  monstro- 
sity— terato'sis,  monstros'itas,  (P.)  monstruosite,  as 
the  state  has  been  called  —  three  only  are  worth 
mentioning.  They  have  been  attributed,  1.  To 
the  influence  of  the  maternal  imagination  on  the 
foetus  in  utero.  2.  To  accidental  changes,  expe- 
rienced by  the  foetus  at  some  period  of  its  uterine 
existence  :  and  3.  To  a  primitive  defect  in  the 
germs.  The  second  seems  to  be  the  only  one 
that  is  philosophinal. 

As  a  medico-legal  question,  monsters,  if  capable 
of  action  as  individuals,  have  the  same  rights  as 
other  persons. 

MONSTERS,  COMPOUND,  see  Unitaire—m. 
Double,  see  Diplogenesis — m.  Triplet,  see  Triplet. 

MONSTRA  ABUNDANTIA,  see  Monster  — 
m.  Defioientin,  see  Monster  —  m.  Trigemina,  see 
Triplet — m.  Triplica,  see  Triplet. 

MONSTRE,  Monster  —  m.  Composi,  see  Uni- 
taire — m.  Unitaire,  see  Unitaire. 

MONSTROSITAS,  see  Monster. 

MONSTROSITY,  see  Monster— m.  by  Defect, 
see  Monster — m.  by  Excess,  see  Monster. 

MONSTRUM,  Monaster. 

3WNSTRU0STTE,  see  Monster  — m.  par 
Defaut,  see  Monster — m.  jxxr  Exc?.s,  see  Monster. 

MONT  BE   VENUS,  Mons  Veneris. 

MONTBRISON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Montbrison  is  a  town  in  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loire,  fifteen  leagues  from  L5'ons. 
There  are  three  cold  springs  here,  which  are 
highly  acidulous,  and  used  as  refrigerants  and 
aperients. 

MONT-DE-MARSAN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Mont-de-Marsan  is  a  small  French  town, 
10  leagues  from  Dax;  where  there  is  a  chalj'beate 
spring,  somewhat  frequented. 

MONT-D'OR,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Mont-d'Or  is  a  village  seven  leagues  from  Cler- 
mont, (Puy-de-D6me,)  at  which  are  several  mine- 
ral springs,  cold  and  thermal.  Those  of  the 
Fountain  La  Madelnine,  and  of  the  Great  Bath, 
are  thermal,  temp.  112°  Fahr.,  and  contains  car- 
bonic acid,  subcarbonate  and  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  subcarbonate  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  alumine  and  oxide  of  iron.  Those  of 
St.  Margaret  are  cold,  and  contain  much  carbonic 
acid. 

MONTECATI'NI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  town  is  situate  near  Borgo-Buggiano,  in 
Tuscany.  The  springs  are  thermal,-  ranging  from 
78°  to  118°  Fahrenheit. 

MONTHLY  COURSES,  Menses— m.  Illness, 
see  Menses — m.  Periods,  Menses. 

MONTICULUS  CEREBELLI,  see  Vermiform 
processes  of  the  Cerebellum  —  m.  Veneris,  Mons 
veneris. 

MONTPELL'IER,  CLIMATE  OP.  This  seat 
of  a  celebrated  medical  school  in  the  S.  E.  of 
France  was  at  one  time  renowned  for  its  climate, 
and  especially  in  regard  to  its  adaptation  to  con- 
sumptive cases.  This  is  now  exploded,  and  it  is 
at  present  esteemed  an  unfit  residence  for  them. 
The  elimiite  possesses  the  general  characters  of 
that  of  south-eastern  France' — being  dry,  hot,  and 
irritating ;  subject  to  frequent  vicissitudes,  and 
especially  to  blasts  of  keen,  cold,  northerly  winds. 
It  is,  indeed,  most  injurious  in  pulmonary  dis- 
eases. 

MOON.  Lwia,  Sele'ne,  3/ene,  Sax.  Mona,  (ft.) 
Mond,  (P.)  Lnne.  The  moon  has  been  supposed 
to  exert  considerable  influence  over  the  human 
body,  in  health  and  disease.  Such  influence  has 
been  grossly  exaggerated.  Not  many  years  ago, 
it  would  have  been  heretical  to  doubt  the  exacer- 
bation of  mania  at  the  fall  of  the  moon  ;  yet  it 
is  now  satisfactorily  shown,  that  if  the  light  be 


excluded  at  this  period,  the  lunatic  is  not  excited 
more  than  ordinarily. 

MOONED,  Lunatic. 

MOONSTRUCK,  Lunatic. 

MOONCALF,  Mole. 

MOORBERRY,  Vaceinium  oxycoccos. 

MOORGRASS,  Potentilla  anserina. 

MOORSHEAD,  Alembic. 

MOORWORT,  BROAD-LEAVED,  Andromeda 
mariana. 

MOOSEWOOD,  Dirca  palustris. 

MOPHETA,  see  Mephitism. 

3I0RBEUX,  Morbid. 

MORBI,  see  Morbus — m.  Acquisiti,  Acquired 
diseases  —  m.  Acuti,  see  Acute  —  m.  Adventitii, 
Acquired  diseases — m.  Anniversarii,  Annual  dis- 
eases— m.  Annul,  Annual  diseases — m.  Asthenici, 
Adynamise  —  m.  Celati,  Feigned  diseases  —  m. 
Chronici,  Chronic  diseases  —  m.  Cognati,  Innate 
diseases  —  m.  Complicati,  see  Complication,  Im- 
pliciti  morbi — m.  Congeniti,  Innate  diseases — m. 
Connati,  Connate  diseases  —  m.  Connexi,  Con- 
juncti  morbi — m.  Consequentes,  Conjunct!  morbi 
— m.  Constrictorii,  see  Spasmoticus — m.  Derma- 
todes,  see  Dermatoid — m.  Dispersi,  Sporadic  dis.. 
eases  —  m.  Dissimulati,  Feigned  diseases  —  m. 
Epicteti,  Acquired  diseases  —  m.  Evolutionis,  sea 
Development — m.  Hereditarii,  Hereditaiy  dis- 
eases —  m.  Homoedri,  see  Homoedrus  —  m.  Infi- 
tiati.  Feigned  diseases— m.  Interni,  Internal  dis- 
eases— m.  Melancholici,  see  Mercurial — m.  Mer- 
curiales,  see  Mercurial  —  m.  Nervosi,  Nervous 
diseases — m.  Occulti,  see  Latent  —  m.  Olfacttis, 
Osmonosi  —  m.  Perplexi,  see  Complication — m. 
Pseudalei,  Feigned  diseases  —  m.  Recidivn,  Re- 
lapse—  m.  Recursus,  Palindromia  —  m.  Sexuales, 
see  Sexual  —  m.  Sexiis,  Genonusi — m.  Siraulati, 
Feigned  diseases  —  m.  Sparsi,  Sporadic  disease? 
— m.  Spasmotici,  see  Spasmoticus — m.  Subacute, 
see  Acute  —  m.  Tactiis,  Haphonosi  —  m.  Tropici, 
Troponusi. 

MORBID,  Mnr'bidiis,  Morho'sm.  Potliic,  Paih'- 
ical,  Path'icHS,  (P.)  Morbeiix,  HForbide  ;  from  mor- 
bus,  'a  disease.'    Diseased,  or  relating  to  disease. 

MouBin  Anatojiv,  see  Anatomy. 

MORBIF'IC,  Morbif'icus,  (F.)  3Torbifiqne ; 
fro'm  morbui,  'a  disease,' and  ybcere,  'to  make.' 
Causing  or  producing  disease  —  as  morbific  ema- 
nations. 

MORBILITY,  Disease. 

MORBILLEVX,  Morbillous. 

MORBILLI.  Rubeola — m.  Confluentes,  Scar- 
latina— m.  Ignei,  Scarlatina. 

MORBILLOSUS,  Morbillous. 

MORBILLOUS,  MorbiUo'sus,  Meanly,  (F.) 
Morbilleux,  from  morbilli,  'rubeola  or  measles.' 
Affected  or  connected  with  measles. 

MORBOSUS,  Sickly. 

MORBULENT,  Sickly. 

MORBUS,  Disease,  see  Morbi  —  m.  Ampul- 
laceous,  Pemphigus  —  m.  Angiicus,  Phthisis,  Ra- 
chitis—  m.  Aphrodisius,  Sypiiilis  —  m.  Areuatus, 
Icterus  —  m.  Arietis,  Influenza — m.  Arquatus, 
Icterus — m.  Articularis,  Gout — m.  Astralis,  Epi- 
lepsy— m.  Attonitus,  Apoplexy — m.  a.  Celsi,  Cata- 
lepsy—  m.  Brightii.  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of 
the  —  m.  Bullnsus,  Pemphigus  —  m.  Caducns, 
Epilepsy  —  m.  Cffiruleus,  Cyanopathy  —  m.  Cal- 
culi, Lithia —  m.  Cardiaeus,  Cardialgia  —  m.  Ca- 
tarrhalis.  Influenza  —  m.  Catoxys,  see  Catoxys  — 
m.  CercTlis,  Ergotism — m.  Cerebralis  Whyttii, 
Hydrocephalus  Tnternus  —  m.  Cirrhorum,  Plica 
- — ra.  Coeliacns,  Coeliac  flux  —  m.  Comitialis,  Epi- 
lepsy—  m.  Cordis,  Cardionosus  — m.  Costalis, 
Pleuritis  —  m.  Coxarius,  Ooxarum  morbus  —  m. 
Croiitus,  Scberlievo  —  m.  Cucullaris,  Pertussis — ■ 
m.  CucuUus,  Pertns-is  —  m.  Cystophlegmaticus, 
Cystirrhnen — ni.  Da;inoniacus,  Epilepsy — m.  Dae- 
monius.   Epilepsy  —  m.  Deificus,   Epilepsy  —  m. 


MORCEA  U  DU  DIABLE 


603 


MOROTROPHIUM 


Dissolutus,  Dysentery — m.  Divinus,  Epilepsy — 
m.  Dominorum,  Gout  —  m.  Endemius,  Endemic 
— m.  Epidemicus,  Epidemy — m.  Epidemicus  gut- 
turis  Foresti,  Scarlatina — m.  Eruditorum,  Hypo- 
chondriasis—  m.  Extrinsecus,  External  disease — 
m.  Earciminosus,  see  Equinia — m.  Febrilis,  Pyre- 
ticosis  —  m.  Fellifiuus,  Cholera  —  m.  Flatuosus, 
Hypochondriasis — m.  Fluminiensis,  Scherlievo — 
m.  Foedus,  Epilepsy — m.  Frigidus,  Atrophy — m. 
tOallicus,  Syphilis — m.  Gesticulatorius,  Chorea — 
m.  Granulosus  renum,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease 
of  the — m.  Gravis,  see  Serious — m.  Hsemorrhoi- 
dalis,  Hsemorrhois — m.  Heracleus,  Epilepsy — m. 
Herculeus,  Epilepsy — m.  Hispanicus,  Syphilis — 
in.  Hydrophobious,  Hydrophobia — m.  Hypochon- 
driacus,  Hypochondriasis  —  m.  Hystericus,  Hys- 
teria— m.  Idiopathicus,  Idiopathia — m.  Indicus, 
Syphilis — m.  Interlunis,  Epilepsy — m.  Ischiadi- 
eus,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea  —  m.  Italicus, 
Syphilis — m.  Jecinoris,  Hepatitis — m.  Lascivus, 
Chorea — m.  Lateralis,  Pleuritis — m.  Lazari,  Ele- 
phantiasis —  m.  Leseoli,  Icterus  —  m.  Lunaticus, 
Epilepsy  —  m.  Luteolus,  Icterus — m.  Maculosus 
haemorrhagicus  Werlhofii,  Purpura  haemorrhagi- 
ca  —  m.  Magnus,  Epilepsy — m.  Major,  Epilepsy 
— m.  Mensalis,  Epilepsy  —  m.  Mercurialis,  Ecze- 
ma mercuriale,  Hydrargyriasis  —  m.  Metallicus, 
Colic,  metallic  —  m.  Mucosus,  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal  —  m.  Nauticus,  Nausea  marina  —  m. 
Neapolitanus,  Syphilis — m.  Niger,  Melaena — m. 
Originalis,  Idiopathia  —  m.  Oesophagi,  ffisopha- 
gopathia  —  m.  Oryzeus,  Cholera  —  m.  Pallidus, 
Chlorosis — m.  Pancoenus,  Pandemic — m.  Parthe- 
nius,  Chlorosis — m.  Pandemius,  Pandemic  —  m. 
Pedieularis,  Phtheiriasis  —  m.  Peracutus,  see  Ca- 
toxys — m.  Phoeniceus,  Elephantiasis — m.  Pilaris, 
Trichiasis  —  m.  Pleuritious,  Pleuritis  ^ — m.  Plum- 
beus,  Lead-poisoning — m.  Porcinus,  Essera  —  m. 
Popularis,  Epilepsy — m.  Primarius,  Idiopathia — 
m.  Proprius,  Idiopathia — m.  Protopathicus,  Idio- 
pathia—  m.  Proteiformis,  see  Proteiformis  —  m. 
Psoadious,  Lumbar  abscess  —  m.  Publicus,  Epi- 
demy—  m.  Puerilis,  Epilepsy  —  m.  Pulicularis, 
Typhus  gravior  —  m.  Pustulosus  Finnicus,  see 
Anthrax — m.  Recidivus,  Relapse — m.  Recidivus, 
Palindromia — m.  Regionalis,  Endemic  —  m.  Re- 
gius, Icterus — m.  Resiccatorius,  Hypochondriasis 

—  m.  Ruotuosus,  Hypochondriasis  —  m.  Ructuo- 
sus,  see  Eructation — m.  Sacer,  Epilepsy— m.  Sal- 
tatorius.  Chorea — m.  Sancti  Joannis,  Epilepsy — 
in.  Sancti  Valentini,  Epilepsy — m.  Scarlatinosus, 
Scarlatina — m.  Scelestus,  Epilepsy — m.  Scrophu- 
losus.  Scrofula  —  m.  Secundarius,  Deuteropathia 

—  m.  Seleniacus,  Epilepsy  —  m.  Sideratus,  Epi- 
lepsy—  m.  Silesiacus,  Raphania  —  m.  Simplex, 
Haplopathia — m.  Solstitialis,  Coup-de-Suleil — m. 
Sonticus,  Epilepsy  —  m.  Spasmodicus  malignus 
seu  popularis,  Raphania  —  m.  Strangulatorius, 
Cynanche  traehealis — m.  Sudatorius,  Sudor  An- 
glicus — m.  Truculentus  infantum,  Cynanche 
traehealis  —  m.  Tuberculosus,  see  Tubercle  and 
Tubercular  cachexia  —  m.  Ungaricus,  Fever, 
Hungaric  —  m.  Verminosus,  Helminthiasis  —  m. 
Vernaculus,  Endemic — m.  Vervecinus,  Influenza 

—  m.  Vesicularis,  Pemphigus  —  m.  Virgineus, 
Chlorosis  —  m.  Viridellus,  Epilepsy  — m.  Vitrio- 
latus,  Epilepsy  —  m.  Vocis,  Phononosus  —  m. 
Vulpis,  Alopecia. 

MORGEAU  DU  DIABLE,  see  Tuba  Fallo- 
piana — m.  Frange,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana. 

310RCELLE3IENT  (¥.),  'Dividing  into 
pieces.'  A  mode  adopted  by  M.  Maisonneuve  for 
removing  successfully  a  large  fibrous  tumour  of 

MORCHELL'A  ESCULEN'TA,  Phallus  eseu- 
len'tus,  Helvell'a  escxden'ta,  Fungus  fagino'siis, 
Ileru'lins,  Common  Ilorell,  (F.)  Morille.  Nat. 
Order,  Fungi.  A  fungus,  which  is  esteemed  a 
luxury,  entering  into  ragouts  and  other  dishes. 


or  cooked  itself  between  slices  of  bacon.     It  baa 
been  considered  to  be  aphrodisiac. 

MOR'DICANT,  llor'dicans,  Calor  mor'di'eam, 
from  mordeo,  'I  bite.'  A  morbid  heat,  causing 
a  disagreeable  pungent  sensation  in  the  fingers 
of  the  physician. 

MORDICES,  Teeth  :  see  Tooth. 
MOREA,  Morus  nigra. 
MORELL,  COMMON,  Morchella  eseulenta. 
MORELLE,  Boletus  esculentus  —  m.  d  Fruit 
noir,  Solanum  —  m.  Furieuse,  Atropa  belladonna 
— m.  en  Grappea,  Phytolacca  decandra — m.  Griin- 
pante,  Solanum  dulcamara, 
MORETARIUM,  Mortar. 
MORE'TUM.     A  kind  of  salad,  with  the  an- 
cient Romans,  made  of  garlic,  parsley,  vinegar, 
oil,  &c. 

MORE'TUS,  from  morum,  'the  mulberry.' 
Ancient  name  of  a  cordial  julep,  into  the  compo- 
sition of  which  the  syrup  of  mulberries  entered. 
— Schroder. 

MORGAGN'I,    HUMOUR    OF,   ffmnor  3Ior- 
gagnia'nuB,  (F.)  Humeur  de  3Iorgagni.     A  pecu- 
liar, transparent,  slightly-viscid  fluid,  found  be- 
tween the  crystalline  and  its  capsule. 
3I0RGELINE,  Alsine  media. 
MORGUE   (F.).      A    dead-house,    in    France, 
wherein  persons,  found  dead,  are  exposed  with 
the  view  of  being  recognised  by  their  friends  — 
Necrocomi'um,  Necrodochi'um,  Neeros' toa. 
MORI  SUCCUS,  see  Morus  nigra. 
MORIA,  Idiotism — m.  Demens,  Idiotism,  De- 
mentia—  m.  Demens  lerema,  see  Dementia  —  m, 
Imbecilis  amnesia.  Amnesia. 
MORIBUND,  Psychorages. 
MORILLE,  Morchella  eseulenta. 
MORINGA    APTERA,    see    Guilandina   mo- 
ringa  —  m.  Nux  Ben,  Guilandina  moringa  —  m. 
Oleifera, Guilandina  moringa — m.  Pterygosperma, 
Guilandina  moringa  —  m.  Zeylanica,  Guilandina 
moringa. 

MORION,  Genital  organ,  Penis. 
MORIOPLAS'TICE,  Chirnr'gia  curto'rnm  seu 
Annplas'tica,  Restitu'tio  organ'ica  seu  par'tium 
deperdita'rum,  Transplanta'tio,  ArUopjIas' t'lce,  Ohi- 
rur'gia  pjas'tiea,  Anaplas'tic  Surgery,  Autopjlas'ty, 
Autoplastic  or  Plastic  Surgery,  from  nopiov,  'a 
part,'  and  n^aariKos,  'forming.'  The  restoration 
of  lost  parts.  The  operations  for  this  purpose 
have  various  names,  according  to  the  part  con- 
cerned, as  Cheiloplastice,  Oeratoplastice,  Rhino- 
plastice,  &c. 

MORNING  GLORY,  BLUE,  Convolvulus  nil. 
MORO,  from  morum,  'a  mulberry:'  —  Morum, 
(F.)  Mure.  A  small  abscess  resembling  a  mul- 
berry. A  small  tvimour,  of  a  similar  apj)earance, 
particularly  on  the  genital  organs  after  impure 
coition. 

MOROCH'THUS,  Moroch'tus,  Morochi'tes,  Me- 
rochi'tes,  3feroc'tes,  Galax'ia,  Lencograph'ia,  (F.) 
Pierre  au  lait,  3Iilk  stone.  An  Egyptian  stone, 
used  by  the  ancients  as  an  application  to  the  in- 
tertrigo of  children  :  probably  a  variety  of  fuller's 
earth,  inasmuch  as  it  appears  to  have  been  used 
by  fullers. 

MOROCHITES,  Morochthus. 
MOROCHTUS.  Morochthus. 
MOROCOMIUM,  Morotrophium. 
MORODOCHIUM,  Morotrophium. 
MOROSIS,  Fatuitas,  Idiotism. 
MOROSITA'TES,  {moro'sus,   'morose,'  'peev- 
ish,' 'fretful,')  from  inapta,   and  itupoicts,   'stupi- 
dity.'    A  generic  name  given  by  Linnaeus  to  an 
order  of  Vesanise,   in   which    he  included  pica, 
bulimia,  polydipsia,  antipathia,  nostalgia,  pano- 
phobia,    satyriasis,    nymphomania,    tarentismuS, 
and  hydrophobia. 

MOROTROPH'IUM,    Morocomi'um,    Morodo. 


MORPHJSA 


604 


MORTALITY 


cTii'um,  Ilanicocomi'um,  from  ttdipog,  'fatuous,'  and 
Tpoip-rj,  'support.'  An  insane  establishment,  lunatic 
asylum,  mad-house,  Bedlam,  (F.)  Hdpital  des  fous, 
Maison  petite. 

MORPHEA,  Morphew  — m.  Alba,  Lepra  al- 
phoides — -m.  Nigra,  Lepra  nigricans. 

MORPHEE,  Morphew. 

MORPHEW,  3forphcB'a,  (F.)  Blorphee.  A  term 
vaguely  applied  to  scurfy  eruptions  on  the  face. 
Moiphma  was  formerly  applied  to  squamous  dis- 
eases in  general. 

MORPHIA,  Morphina  — m.  Acetate  of,  Mor- 
phinse  acetas  —  m.  and  Zinc,  double  iodide  of. 
Zinc,  and  Morphia,  double  iodide  of — m.  Citrate 
of,  see  Morphina  —  m.  Muriate  of,  see  Morphina 
— m.  Sulphate  of,  Morphinae  sulphas. 

_ MORPHIA  ACETAS,  Morphinaj  acetas— m. 
Citras,  see  MorphinaB  sulphas  —  m.  Murias,  see 
Morphinae  sulphas  —  m.  Sulphas,  Morphinae  sul- 
phas. 

MOR'PHICA,  from  iiop(j>v,  'shape.'  Monstro- 
sities of  birth.'  The  3d  order,  class  Typhica  of 
Good. 

MORPHI'NA,  Mor'phia,  Mor'phium,  3Ior- 
phi'ne,  Ilorphine,  from  Mop^pevs,  Morpheus,  the 
'god  of  sleep.'  A  solid,  colourless  alkali;  crys- 
tallizable  in  beautiful  pyramids,  truncated  and 
transparent;  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  slightly  so 
in  boiling  water.  It  exists,  combined  with  me- 
conic  acid,  in  opium.  It  may  be  obtained  by 
decomposing,  by  means  of  ammonia  or  calcined 
magnesia,  an  aqueous  solution  of  opium  made  in 
the  cold. 

The  following  is  the  process  of  the  Pharm. 
U.  S.  Opium,  sliced,  R)j  ;  distilled  water,  alcohol, 
animal  charcoal,  each  a  sufficient  quantity ;  solu- 
tion of  ammonia,  f,^vj.  Macerate  the  opium 
with  four  pints  of  distilled  water  for  24  hours, 
and  having  worked  it  with  the  hand,  digest  for 
24  hours,  and  strain.  Macerate  the  residue  twice 
successively  with  distilled  water,  and  strain.  Mix 
the  infusions:  evaporate  to  six  pints,  and  filter; 
then  add  first  five  pints  of  alcohol,  and  afterwards 
three  fluidounces  of  the  solution  of  ammonia, 
previously  mixed  with  half  a  pint  of  alcohol. 
After  24  hours,  pour  in  the  remainder  of  the 
solution  of  ammonia,  mixed  as  before  with  half 
a  pint  of  alcohol;  and  set  the  liquor  aside  for  24 
hours,  that  crystals  may  form.  To  purify  these, 
boil  them  with  two  pints  of  alcohol  till  they  are 
dissolved ;  filter  the  solution,  while  hot,  through 
animal  charcoal,  and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize. 

Morphia  dissolves  perfectly  in  the  acids,  which 
it  saturates  :  and  with  which  it  forms  very  crys- 
tallizable  salts,  with  the  exception  of  the  acetate. 
All  these  salts  have  a  bitter  taste,  and  act  upon 
the  animal  economy  in  the  same  manner  as 
opium,  but  more  powerfully.  The  acetate  is  the 
salt  commonly  employed  in  medicine.  It  was,  at 
one  time,  supposed  that  Morphia  is  the  purely 
sedative  part  of  opium,  divested  of  its  irritating 
properties;  but  experience  has  not  confirmed 
this.  On  the  contrary,  it  will  generally  disagree 
where  opium  does.  Dose  of  morphia,  J  to  f  of 
a  grain. 

Morphi'NjE  Ace'tas,  Ifor'phicB  Acetas,  Mor'- 
phium ace'ticum,  Ac"etate  of  Morphine,  Acetate 
of  Morphia.  A  salt  formed  by  saturating  mor- 
phia with  acetic  acid.  (Moi-phia,  in  powder,  freed 
from  narcotina  by  boiling  with  sulphuric  ether, 
§j  ;  distilled  water,  Oss ;  acetic  acid,  a  sufiicient 
quantity.  Mix  the  morphia  with  the  water;  then 
carefully  drop  in  the  acid,  constantly  stirring 
until  the  morphia  is  saturated  and  dissolved. 
Evaporate  the  solution  in  a  water-bath  to  the 
consistence  of  syrup.  Lastly,  dry  the  acetate 
ir'ith.  a  gentle  heat  and  rub  it  into  powder. — Ph. 
U.  S.)     Dose,  from  J  of  a  grain  to  half  a  grain.      | 


Morphi'n^  Sulphas,  Mor'phijE  Sulphas, 
Sulphate  of  Morphia.  A  salt,  formed  by  satu- 
rating morphia  with  sulphuric  acid,  evaporating, 
and  crystallizing.  Dose,  the  same  as  of  the 
acetate. 

Muriate,  and  Citrate  of  Morphia,  Morphia  ci- 
tras, have  likewise  been  used;  but  they  possess 
no  advantages  over  the  other  salts.  The  sulphate 
and  muriate  are  officinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  The 
muriate — Mor'phite  Mu'rias — is  directed  to  be 
prepared  as  follows.  {Morphia,  in  pulv.,  §j ; 
Acpum  destillatcB,  Oss  ;  Acid,  muriat.  q.  s.  Mix 
the  morphia  with  the  water;  carefully  drop  in 
the  acid,  till  the  morphia  is  saturated  and  dis- 
solved. Evaporate  and  crystallize.)  One-sixth 
of  a  grain  is  equal  to  a  grain  of  opium. 

MORPHIUM,  Morphina  —  m.  Aeeticum,  Mor- 
phine acetas. 

MORPHOLOG"ICAL,  Morpholog"icus,  from 
Hop(pri,  'shape,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  description.'  That 
which  has  relation  to  the  anatomical  conforma- 
tion of  parts.  Applied,  at  times,  to  the  altera- 
tions in  the  form  of  the  several  parts  of  the  em- 
bryo, in  contradistinction  to  histological,  which 
is  applied  to  the  transformation  by  which  the 
tissues  are  gradually  generated.  In  comparative 
anatomy,  it  is  applied  to  the  history  of  the  mo- 
difications of  forms,  which  the  same  organ  under- 
goes in  different  animals. 

MORPHOLOGY,  Anatomy. 

MORPHOL'YSIS,  from  /i/op^j?,  'shape,'  and 
Xuo-tf,  'solution.'  Destruction  of  organization. 
An  agent,  that  occasions  such  destruction,  is 
called  a  morpholyt'ic. 

MORPHOLYTIC,  see  Morpholysis. 

MORPHON'OMY,  Morphonojn'ia:  from  fwpipr,, 
'shape,'  and  vo^/oj,  a  law.'  The  laws  of  organic 
formation.  The  department  of  anatomical  sci- 
ence which  teaches  the  laws  of  organic  configu- 
ration. 

MORPHOTOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

MORPIO,  see  Pediculus. 

MORPION,  Crab-louse,  see  Pediculus. 

MORRHUA  AMERICANA,  see  Oleum  jeeoris 
aselli. 

MORS,  Death  —  m.  Apparens,  Asphyxia  —  m. 
Putativa,  Asphyxia  —  m.  Repentina,  Eemotivus 
lapsus — m.  du  I)iable,  Scabiosa  succisa. 

MORSELLUS,  Tabella. 

MORSULI  ANTIMONIALES,  Tabellse  anti- 
moniales  Kunckelii  —  m.  Stibii,  Tabellse  antimo- 
niales  Kunckelii. 

MORSULUS,  Tabella. 

MORSURE,  Degmos. 

MORSUS,  Degmos — m.  Diaboli,  Scabiosa  suc- 
cisa, see  Tuba  Fallopiana  —  m.  Gallinse,  Alsine 
media — m.  Stomachi,  Cardialgia — m.  Ventriculi> 
Cardialgia. 

MORT,  Adeps. 

MORT,  Dead,  Death — m.  Apparente,  Asphyxia 
—  m.  du  Chien,  Cholera  —  m.  aux  Chiens,  Colchi- 
cum  autumnale — m.  Ne,  Still-born — m.  aux  Pan- 
theres,  Doronicum  pardalianches. 

MORTA,  Pemphigus. 

MORTAL,  Morta'lis,  from  mors,  mortis,  'death.' 
Letha'lis,  Leta'lis,  Thanato'des,  Thanas'imus,  (F.) 
Mortel.  That  which  is  subject  to  death  ;  —  that 
which  causes  death:  —  as,  man  is  moj-tal;  a  dis- 
ease is  mortal.  Of  old,  it  was  the  custom  to  havo 
a  division  of  mortal  or  deadly  wounds,  which 
gave  rise  lo  many  errors  in  medico-legal  investi- 
tions,  as  the  mortality  of  wounds  depends  upon 
various  circumstances ;  and  it  is  often  a  matter 
of  extreme  difficulty  to  pronounce  whether  or  not 
a  wound  is  necessarily  mortal. 

MORTAL'ITY,  Mortal'itas,  Zethal'ifas,  Letal'- 
itas,  (F.)  Mortalite.  Same  etymon.  This  word, 
taken  in  an  extended  sense,  e-xpresses  the  condi- 
tion of  all  organized  bodies, — of  being  subject  to 


MORTAR 


605 


MOSQUITO 


the  cessation  of  life.  In  the  sense  in  which  it  is 
most  frequently  employed,  it  signifies, — the  pro- 
portional quantity  of  individuals  who,  in  a  cer- 
tain population,  die  in  a  given  time.  If  we  as- 
sume the  population  of  the  earth  to  be  one  thou- 
sand millions,  and  a  generation  to  last  thirty- 
three  years;  in  that  space  of  time  the  one  thou- 
sand millions  must  all  die,  and,  consequently,  the 
number  of  deaths  will  be,  by  approximation, 

Each  year .30,000,000 

Each  day 82,109 

Each  hour 3,421 

Each  minute 57 

Each  second 1  nearly. 

If,  on  the  other  hand,  as  has  been  supposed, 
the  number  of  deaths  is  to  that  of  the  births  as 
TEN  to  TWELVE :  there  will  be  born, 

Each  year 36,000,000 

Each  day 98,356 

Each  hour 4,098 

Each  minute „ 68 

Each  second 1  &  2-15ths. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  the  average  mor- 
tality of  the  Pays  du  Vaud,  is  1  in  49  ;  of  Swe- 
den and  Holland,  1  in  48  ;  of  Russia,  1  in  41 ;  of 
France,  1  in  40  ;  of  Austria,  1  in  38 ;  of  Prussia 
and  Naples,  1  in  33  to  35 ;  of  England,  1  in  45 ; 
and  of  South  America,  1  in  30.  The  same  rate 
of  mortality  has  been  given  to  the  United  States 
as  to  France ;  but  the  statistical  details  on  all 
this  matter  have  been  inadequate,  and — it  is  not 
improbable — inaccurate.  The  following  has  been 
given  as  the  annual  mortality  of  some  of  the 
chief  cities  of  this  country  and  Europe:  (See  the 
author's  Human  Health,  p.  101 :  Philadelphia, 
1844.)  Philadelphia,  1  in  45-68;  Glasgow,  1  in 
44;  Manchester,  1  in  44  ;  Geneva,  1  in  43  ;  Bos- 
ton, 1  in  41'26;  Baltimore,  1  in  41 ;  London,  1  in 
40 ;  New  York,  1  in  37-83  ;  St.  Petersburg,  1  in 
37 ;  Charleston,  1  in  36-50  ;  Leghorn,  1  in  35  ; 
Berlin,  1  in  34 ;  Paris,  Lyons,  Strasburg,  and 
Barcelona,  1  in  32  ;  Nice  and  Palermo,  1  in  31 ; 
Madrid,  1  in  29 ;  Naples,  1  in  28 ;  Brussels,  1  in 
26;  Rome,  1  in  25  ;  Amsterdam,  1  in  24;  and 
Vienna,  1  in  22^. 

In  the  cities,  the  mortality  under  two  years  of 
age  bears  a  large  ratio.  This  is  exhibited  by  the 
following  table : 

Ages.  London.  Philad.  Baltimore. 

Under    1      year,)  ,„.„  22-7  24-11 

From      1  to      2,  J  "^  ^^  8-6  8-55 

2  to      5,  9-97  7-3  11.18 

6  to    10,  4-33  4-  5- 

10  to    20,  4-03  5-  6-3 

20  to    30,  6-64  12-  9-87 

30  to    40,  8-08  12-  10-58 

40  to    50,  8-89  10-  8-88 

50  to    60,  8-89  7-2  5-78 

60  to    70,  9-15  5-  4-5 

70  to    80,  7-83  3-5  3- 

80  to    90,  3-18  1-9  1-67 

90  to  100,  0-40  0-5  0-26 

100  to  120,         0-09    )  .    „ 

110  to  120,         0-013  j  ^'^^ 

It  would  not  be  proper  to  regard  the  value  of 
life  in  different  countries,  or  in  different  periods 
in  the  same  country,  to  be  indicated  by  the  ave- 
rage mortality  ;  inasmuch  as  in  one  case  a  greater 
mortality  may  occur  amongst  children,  and  in 
another  amongst  adults. 

Mortality,  Bills  op,  BUh  of  Necrol'ogy, 
Mor'tuary  Reg"i8ters,  (F.)  Tables  de  Mortalite. 
Tables,  instituted  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting 
the  number  of  deaths,  &c.,  in  a  given  time.  Well- 
kept  bills  of  mortality  are  of  great  use  to  the  phy- 
sician and  political  economist.     Those  of  London 


were  proverbial  for  their  inaccuracy  and  in- 
suflBciency;  especially  as  regards  the  compluiints 
of  which  the  persons  have  died.  They  were  for- 
merly made  out  by  the  parish  clerks,  and  the  in- 
formation was  conveyed  to  them  by  two  old  wo- 
men, who  were  appointed  in  each  parish,  and 
were  called  Searchers  ;  —  their  duty  being  to  see 
that  the  deceased  had  died  a  natural  death.  This 
miserable  system  has,  however,  been  abolished; 
and  the  Registrar-General's  annual  reports  of 
births,  deaths,  and  marriages,  exhibit  how  admi- 
rably vital  statistics  are  now  collected  in  Great 
Britain. 

MORTAR,  llorta'rium,  Iforeta'rium,  Iforto'- 
rium,  Piso,  Ac'one,  Pila,  Holmoa,  Igde,  Igdus, 
(F.)  Mortier.  A  vessel  for  reducing  to  powder 
different  solid  substances,  and  for  making  certain 
mixtures.  Various  substances  are  employed  in 
the  construction  of  mortars ; — iron,  marble,  glass, 
wedgewood  ware,  &c. 

MORTARIOLUM,  Alveolus. 

MORTEL,  Mortal. 

MORTIER.  Mortar. 

MORTIFER.  Lethiferous. 

MORTIFICATIO,  Mortification  — m.  Pulmo- 
num,  Neeropneumonia. 

MORTIFICA'TION,  3Tort{fica'tio,  Necro'sis, 
Sphacela'tion,  from  mors,  mortis,  'death,'  and  fio, 
'I  become.'  The  loss  of  vitality  in  a  part  of  the 
body.  The  incipient  stage  of  mortification,  when 
the  case  is  still  recoverable,  is  called  Gangrene; 
when  totally  destroyed.  Sphacelus.  Mortification 
of  a  bone  is  called  Necrosis. 

Mortification,  Cold,  Sphacelus  —  m.  Ergot, 
Ergotism  —  m.  Hot,  Gangrene  —  m.  Mildew,  Er- 
gotism. 

MORTOOTH,  Cupri  sulphas. 

MORTUARY  REGISTERS,  Mortality,  bills 
of. 

MORTUUS,  Dead. 

MORUM,  see  Morus  nigra  —  m.  Palpebrae  in- 
terna3.  Trachoma  carunculosum. 

MORUS  NIGRA,  3L  laeinia'ta,  3Iul'herry 
Tree,  More'a,  Sycami'nos,  (F.)  Miirier  Noir, 
Ord.  Urticaeese.  The  fruit  of  the  mulberry  tree, 
3forum,  fiopov,  Sycami'num,  (F.)  IlUre,  is  plea- 
sant, sweet,  subacid,  and  abounds  with  a  deep 
violet-coloured  juice,  Jlori  snccits  (Ph.  L.).  A 
syrup  is  directed  in  the  London  Pharmacopoeia. 
The  bark  of  the  root  has  been  regarded  as  an 
anthelmintic. 

MORUS  RUBRA,  Red  Mulberry,  Wild  Mul- 
berry; indigenous.  The  root  has  been  used  to 
destroy  ta9nia. 

MOR  YE,  Mucus,  Nasal  mucus ;  see  Equinia — 
m.  Farcineuse,  see  Equinia. 

MOS,  Habit. 

Mos  MoRBi  Benkj'nus  seu  Malig'nus.  The 
benign,  or  malignant  character  of  a  disease. 

MOSCHARDI'NA,  Muscer'da,  from  noaxos, 
'musk.'  A  lozenge  for  the  mouth,  composed  of 
musk,  ambergris,  and  other  aromatics. 

MOSCHEL^'ON,  MoscoWa.  A  compound 
aromatic  oil,  containing  musk. 

MOSCHUS,  Musk — m.  Arahum,  Hibiscus  abel- 
moschus — m.  Factitious,  Musk,  artificial. 

MOSCOL^A,  Moschelaon. 

MOSLICH,  Maslach. 

MOSQUITA,  see  Mosquito. 

3I0SQUI'T0  (S.),  Diminutive  of  (S.)  mosca, 
'a  fly.'  Mtisquito.  A  very  troublesome  insect  in 
warm,  moist  situations.  Curtains,  called  3Iosquito 
curtains  or  bars,  are  used  by  way  of  protection. 
The  entrance  of  mosquitos  into  the  bedchamber 
may  also  be  prevented,  to  a  certain  extent,  by 
keeping  the  doors  and  windows  closed  until  the 
lights  are  extinguished.  The  pain  and  itching 
from  the  bites  are  alleviated  by  washing  them 
with  hartshorn. 


MOSS   BERRY 


606 


MOUTH 


MosQUiTA  is  a  name  given,  by  the  Portuguese, 
to  small,  red  pimples  on  the  skin,  resembling  the 
bites  of  the  musquito. 

MOSS  BERRY,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  —  m. 
Ceylon,  Fucus  amylaceus — m.  Club,  Lycopodium 
— m.  Cup,  Lichen  pyxidatus — m.  Edible,  Fucus 
amylaceus  —  m.  Haircap,  Polj'trichum  Juniperi- 
num — m.  Iceland,  Lichen  Islandicus — m.  Irish, 
Fucus  crispus — m.  Jaffna,  Fucus  amylaceus — m. 
Marine,  Fucus  amylaceus  —  m.  Pearl,  Chondrus 
crispus  —  m.  Wall,  common  yellow,  Parmelia 
parietina. 

MOTA,  Fagus  castanea. 

MOTAMEN,  Motion. 

MOTATIO,  Motion. 

MOTE,  Carbasus,  Linteum. 

MOT  EUR,  Motory. 

MOTHER,  Hysteria,  Phlegm. 

MOTHER'S  MARKS,  Nsevus—m.  Spots, 
Nsevus. 

MOTHERWORT,  Leonurus  cardiaca,  Matri- 
caria. 

MOTIL'ITY,  Motil'itas,  from  motus,  'move- 
ment.' (F.)  Motility.,  Motriciti.  Faculty  of 
moving;  moving  povper;  contractility. 

MOTION,  Ilottis,  Mo'tio,  Ifota'tio,  Mota'wen, 
Commo'tio,  Pernio' tio,  (movere,  motum,  'to  move.') 
Cine'sis,  3fovement,  (F.)  Mouvement.  The  act  of 
changing  place.  The  various  motions  may  be 
divided  into, — First,  the  voluntary  or  those  that 
are  executed  under  the  influence  of  the  brain. 
Secondly,  the  involuntary,  which  may  be  subdi- 
vided into,  1.  The  excited,  of  the  reflex  function 
of  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  and  others, — as  the  closure 
of  the  larynx  on  the  contact  of  acrid  vapours,  of 
the  pharynx  on  that  of  the  food,  —  a  function  of 
the  spinal  marrow;  and,  2.  Those  that  are  exe- 
cuted under  the  organic  and  other  nerves  of  in- 
voluntary function.  It  is  probable,  too,  that 
every  living  tissue  is  capable  of  moving  respon- 
sive to  its  appropriate  irritant.     See  Irritability. 

Motion,  Ciliary,  see  Cilia  —  m.  Involuntary, 
see  Automatic  —  m.  Vibratory,  see  Ciliary  —  m. 
Voluntary,  Autocinesis. 

MOTIVE,  Motory. 

MOTOR,  Motory. 

Motor  Oculi  Extkr'nus,  Nervm  tim'idua, 
(F.)  Nerf  oculo-muscidaire  exferne  (Ch.),  Nerf 
notevir  oculaire  externe.  Sixth  pair  of  nerves, 
arises  from  the  furrow  which  separates  the  pons 
Varolii  from  the  medulla  oblongata.  It  enters 
the  cavernous  sinus;  anastomoses  on  the  outside 
of  the  carotid  artery  with  two  filaments  furnished 
by  the  superior  cervical  ganglion  ;  enters  the  or- 
bit by  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  is  lost  on  the 
rectus  externus  oculi.  This  pair  is,  also,  called 
Ahdncenteg. 

Moto'res  Oculo'rum,  Moto'rii  Oculorum,  Ocu- 
la'res  commu'nes,  Ophthal'mici  exter'ni.  Common 
Ocido-muscular  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  moteurs  ocu- 
laires  comniuns  (Ch.),  The  third  pair  of  nerves. 
Par  ter'timn.  This  nerve  arises  from  a  depres- 
sion at  the  inner  side  of  the  peduncles  of  the 
brain,  between  the  tuber  annulare  and  corpora 
mammillaria.  It  enters  the  outer  part  of  the 
cavernous  sinus,  and  passes  into  the  orbitar 
cavity.  Behind  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  it  divides 
into  two  branches  ;  the  one  superior  and  the  other 
inferior.  The  former  is  lost  on  the  rectus  supe- 
rior oculi  and  the  levator  palpebras  superioris; 
the  latter  —  the  larger  of  the  two  —  divides  into 
three  branches,  which  pass  to  the  rectus  internus, 
rectus  inferior,  and  lesser  oblique.  The  last  fur. 
nishes  a  filament,  which  passes  to  the  ophthalmic 
ganglion. 

MOTORIAL,  Motory. 

MOTORPATHY,  Kinesipathy. 

MO'TORY,  Motive,  Motor,  Moto'rial,  Matrix, 
Kinet'ic  or  Cinet'ic,  (F.)  Moteur.     Same  etymon. 


That  which  moves  or  causes  movement,  as  motor 
nerves,  in  contradistinction  to  sensory. 

MOTOS,  Linteum,  Tent. 

MOTO'SIS,  ixoTo;,  'lint.'  The  application  of 
lint  to  a  wound. 

MOTRICITE,  Motility. 

MOTRIX,  Motory. 

MOTTE,  Mons  veneris. 

MOTUM,  Carbasus,  Linteum. 

MOTUS,  Motion  —  m.  Assimilationis,  Plastic 
force — m.  Automaticus,  see  Automatic — m.  Com- 
pressorius,  Peristole — m.  Cordis  diastalticus.  Dia- 
stole— m.  Hfemorrhoidalis,  H^morrhois — m.  In- 
testinorum,  Borborygmus — m.  Involuntarius,  see 
Autocinesis — m.  Peristal ticus.  Peristole — m.  Tes- 
tudineus,  Peristole — m.  Vermicularis,  Peristole — 
m.  Voluntarius,  Autocinesis. 

MOV  CHE,  Cantharis  —  m.  d'Espagne,  Can- 
tharis. 

MOUCHER  L' ACTION  DE,  Munctio. 

MOUCHES,  see  Pains,  labour  —  m.  Volantes, 
see  Metamorphopsia. 

MOUCHETURE,  see  Scarification. 

MOUCHOIR  EN  TRIANGLE,  Couvrechef, 
see  Bandeau. 

MOUFETTE,  see  Mephitism. 

MOULD,  Fontanella. 

MOULE,  Mytilus  edulis. 

MOULEUR,  Muller. 

MOULTING,  Desquamation. 

MOUNTAIN  ASH,  Sorbus  acuparia— ni.  Ash, 
American,  Sorbus  Americana  —  m.  Sickness, 
Puna. 

3WUREILLER,  Malpighia  mourella. 

MOURON  DES  OISEAUX,  Alsine  media— 
m.  Rouge,  Anagallis. 

MOUSE-EAR,  Alsine  media,  Hieracium  pilo- 

MOUSE-SIGHT,  Myopia, 

MOUSSE  DE  CORSE,  Corallina  Corsieana 
— 7n.  d'lalande,  Lichen  Islandicus — m.  d'Irlande, 
Fucus  crispus — m.  Marine  perlee.  Lichen  Island- 
icus— m.  Perlee,  Fucus  crispus. 

MOUSSERON,  see  Agaric. 

3I0USSEUX,  Srothy. 

MOUSTACHE,  Mystax. 

MOUT  DE  LA  BIERE,  Wort. 

MOVTARDE,  Sinapis  — ?re.  des  Allemands, 
Cochlearia  armoracia — m.  des  Moines,  Cochlearia 
armoracia. 

MOUTH,  Sax.  muS,  Os,  Cavum  Oris,  Stoma, 
Gab,  (Sc.)  Mow,  (Prov.)  Gob,  (F.)  Bouche.  Thia 
word  sometimes  signifies  the  cavity  situate  be- 
tween the  jaws,  and  containing  the  tongue,  &c.; 
— at  others,  the  outer  orifice  of  that  cavity.  The 
mouth,  in  the  first  acceptation,  Cav'itas  seu  Spa'- 
tium  Oris,  is  the  cavity;  bounded,  above,  by  the 
palatine  arch  ;  helow,  by  the  tongue ;  before,  by 
the  lips;  and  behind,  by  the  velum  palati  and 
pharynx.  The  sides  of  the  mouth  and  the  or- 
gans it  contains  are  lined  by  a  mucous  membrane 
The  anterior  aperture  of  the  mouth  is,  sometimes, 
called yacj'aZ — the '<posierior,  pharyngeal.  In  the 
mouth  are  the  teeth,  gums,  alveolar  margins, 
tongue;  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  salivary 
glands,  and  those  of  a  number  of  mucous  follicles, 
&c.  It  is  in  this  cavity  that  the  food  is  cut,  torn, 
or  bruised  by  the  teeth ;  is  impregnated  with 
saliva,  and  formed  into  a  mass  or  bolus,  which  is 
then  subjected  to  the  act  of  deglutition.  The 
mouth  contains  the  organs  of  taste  ;  and  it  serves 
in  respiration,  articulation,  expectoration,  suc- 
tion, &c. 

The  condition  of  the  mouth  requires  to  be  at- 
tended to  in  Semeiology.  The  state  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane,  like  that  of  the  tongue,  indicates 
the  condition  of  the  membrane  of  the  alimentary 
canal  generally. 


MO  UVEMEXT 


607 


MUCRO 


Mouth,    Os,    Anertu'ra,    Or!Jic"iam,    Hia'tus, 
Pcristn'minm,  is,  also,  applied  to  the  open  extre- 
mities of  vessels  or  other  canals. 
MotiTH  Root,  Coptis. 
MoL-TH,  Sore,  Aphthae. 
Mot^TH  Watering,  see  Salivation. 
MOUVEMENT,  Motion— m.  PeristaUique,  see 
Peristole. 

MOVEMENT,  Motion— m.  Cure,  Kinesipathy. 
MOW,  Mouth. 

MOXA,  iloxihu'riinn,  A  word  by  ■which  the 
Chinese  and  Japanese  designate  a  cottony  sub- 
stance, which  they  prepare  by  beating  the  dried 
leaves  of  the  Artemisia  moxa,  —  a  kind  of  mug- 
wort.  With  this  down  they  form  a  cone,  which 
is  placed  upon  the  part  intended  to  be  cauterized, 
and  is  set  fire  to  at  the  top.  The  heat  and  pain 
gradually  increase,  in  proportion  as  the  combus- 
tion proceeds  downwards,  until  ultimately  an 
eschar  may  be  formed.  In  Europe  and  this 
country,  the  same  operation  is  usually  practised 
with  a  cylinder  of  cotton-wool,  or  with  one  formed 
from  the  pith  of  the  greater  sun-flower.  This 
mode  of  cauterization  is  employed  as  a  powerful 
counter-irritant;  which  it  assuredly  is.  Slough- 
ing may  be  in  some  measure  prevented,  according 
to  Baron  Larrey,  by  the  application  of  liquid  am- 
monia to  the  burnt  part. 

The  term  moxa  has  been  extended  to  any  sub- 
stance, which  by  gradual  combustion  on  or  near 
the  skin  is  employed  as  a  counter-irritant,  —  as 
the  electric  or  galvanic  moxa  or  cautery,  in  which 
voltaic  electricity  is  employed  as  the  cauterizing 
agent. 

MOXIBURIUM,  Moxa. 

MOXIBUS'TION,  Moxibus'tio,  Moxocnu'ain, 
Encau'ein.  Mode  of  cauterization  by  means  of 
moxa. 

MOXOCAUSIS,  Moxibustion. 

MOXON'S  EFFERVESCING  MAGNESIA, 
see  Magnesia,  effervescing,  Moxon's. 

MUCAGO,  Liquor  sanguinis,  Mucilage. 

MUCARUM,  Mucharum. 

MUCCINIUM,  Mucilage. 

MUCEDO,  Mucilage. 

MUCHA'RUM,  Muca'rum.  A  barbarous  term, 
formerly  used  for  an  aqueous  infusion  of  roses, 
sweetened,  and  evaporated  to  the  consistence  of 
syrup. 

MUCIFIC,  Blennogenous. 

MU'CIFORM,  3Iueiform'is,  ^Fyxo'des,  Blen- 
no'des,  BlennoVdea,  BlennoVdeus,  from  mucus, 
&nA.  forma,  'form.'  Resembling  mucus  in  cha- 
racter or  appearance. 

MU' OIL  AGE,  Mucila'go,  3Iuca'c/o,  Iftice'do, 
JIuccin'ium,  from  the  Lat.  mucus,  —  itself  pre- 
sumed to  be  from  mungere,  munctum,  'to  wipe  the 
nose.'  A  mixture  of  gum  and  a  small  quantity 
of  matter  analogous  to  mucus,  which  is  found  in 
abundance  in  linseed,  quince-seed,  &c.  It  is  ob- 
tained by  heating  in  water  the  parts,  or  pro- 
ducts, of  plants  which  contain  it.  It  is  much 
used  in  the  preparation  of  emollient  cataplasms 
and  the  greater  part  of  the  demulcent  tisanes, 
(F.)  Hydroles,  Hydrolites. 

Mucilage,  see  Liquor  sanguinis — m.  Adragant, 
Mucilago  astragali  tragacanthas  —  m.  de  gomnie 
Adragante,  Mucilago  astragali  tragacanthie  —  m. 
de  gomme  Arabiqiie,  Mucilago  acaciae. 

Mucilage,  Animal,  Mucus. 

MUCILAGE  ARABIQUE,  Mucilago  acaciEe 
— m.  of  Barley,  Mucilago  hordei — m.  of  Quince- 
seeds,  Decoctum  cydonia; — m.  of  Rice,  see  Oryza 
—  m.  of  Sassafras  Pith,  Infusum  sassafras  me- 
dullas. 

Mucilage,  Starch,  Mucilago  amj'Ii. 


MUCILAGINEUX,  Mucilaginous. 

MUCILAG"INOUS,  Jfucilagino'sue,  Gummo'- 
sua,  Gummio'des,  Gummido'des,  (F.)  Mucilagineax. 
Gummy.  Resembling  gum.  That  which  pos- 
sesses the  character  of  mucilage. 

MUCILAGO,  Mucilage,  Mucilago  Acaeiise,  Sy- 
novia. 

Mucilago  Aca'ci^,  31.  Acacim  Arah'iccB  seu 
Gummi  Arab'iccB,  Mucila'go,  Mistu'ra  Aca'cia, 
Mucilage  of  aca'cia  or  of  gum  Arabic,  (F.)  3Lici- 
lage  Arabique  _ou  de  gomme  Arahique.  {Acacias 
gum.  contus.  giv;  aq.  bullient.  Oss.  Rub  the 
gum  with  the  water  gradually  added.)  Demul- 
cent. To  allay  cough;  but,  chiefly,  to  suspend 
insoluble  matters  in  water,  &c. 

Mucilago  Am'yli,  Starch  mucilage,  Decoc'tvrit 
Am'yli.  {Amyli,  ^iij  ;  aqua,  Oj.  Rub  the  starch 
with  the  water  gradually  added;  then  boil  till  it 
forms  a  mucilage.— Ph.  L.)  Demulcent.  Gene- 
rally given  2)er  anum. 

Mucilago  Articulorum  seu  Juncturaruji, 
Synovia. 

Mucilago  Astrag'ali  Tragacan'th^e.  31.  tra- 
gacanthcB  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  gummi  trogacanthcB, 
3Iucilage  of  tragacanth,  31ucilage  Adragant  ou 
de  gomme  Adragante.  (Gummi  tragacauth.  3J  ; 
aqucE  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  24  hours  ;  tritu- 
rate till  the  gum  is  dissolved,  and  press  through 
linen.)     Used  for  pharmaceutical  purposes. 

Mucilago  Ceetica,  Misturce  cretee — m.  Gum- 
mi Arabici,  M.  acacise. 

Mucila'go  Hor'dei,  3Iu'cilage  of  Barley. 
(Hordei,  ^ss,  (avoirdupois)  Aqua,  f^xvi.  Tri- 
turate well;  and  boil.  Ph.  D.)  A  vehicle  for 
substances  given  in  enemata. 

Mucilago  Sesiinis  Cydonii  Mali,  Decoctum 
cydoniae  —  m.  Gummi  tragacanthse,  M.  astragali 
tragacanthse  —  m.  Tragacanthse,  M.  astragali 
tragacanthaj. 

MUCIN,  Mucus. 

MUCIP'AROUS,  3Tucip'arus,  (F.)  3htcipare, 
from  mucus,  and  p<irio,  '  I  bring  forth.'  Mucus- 
producing  ;  as  muciparous  glands  or  follicles. 

MUCI'TIS,  3fycodermi'tis,  from  mucus,  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  A  term,  badly  formed, 
for  inflammation  of  a  mucous  membrane. 

MUCKSWEAT,  Desudatio. 

MUCOCE'LE,  Hernia  sacci  lacryma'lis,  from 
m!icu»,  and  Kri>.rj,  'rupture.'  An  enlargement  or 
protrusion  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  lachry- 
mal^ passages,  giving  occasion  to  fistula  lacry- 
malis.     Also,  dropsy  of  the  lacrymal  sac. 

MUCO-ENTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 

MUCO-PU'RULENT,  3fuco-pHr,den'tus,  Pyo- 
blen'nicus,  from  mucus,  and  pus.  Having  the 
character  or  appearance  of  mucus  and  pus. 

MUCOR,  Euros,  Mucus  — m.  Narium,  Nasal 
mucus. 

MUCOSIN,  see  Mucus. 

MUCOSITAS,  Mucosity,  Mucus. 

MUCOS'ITT,  3fucos'itas,  (F.)  3[ucosite.  A 
fluid,  which  resembles  mucus,  or  contains  a  cer- 
tain quantity  of  it. 

MUCOUS,  3Tueo'sus,  (F.)  3Iuqneux.  An  epi- 
thet for  all  bodies  containing  mucilage  or  mueuj. 
It  is,  also,  sometimes  used  synonymously  with 
gummy.  In  pathology,  it  is  occasionally  em- 
ployed to  express  the  seat  of  a  disease,  as  mucout 
disease,  mucous  pihlegmasia  ;  that  is,  having  its 
seat  in  a  mucous  membrane. 

Mucous  Corpuscles,  see  Mucus  —  m.  Layer, 
see  Tache  embryonnaire  —  m.  Membranes,  see 
Membranes  —  m.  Web,  Corpus  mucosum. 

MUCRO,  Apex. 


MUCRONATA   CAETILAGO       608 


MULSUM 


MucRO    seu  Cor'ypTie   seu  Fundus  seu    Vertex 
Cordis.     The  apex  or  point  of  the  heart. 
MucEio  HaiiBRi,  Acromion. 
MUCRONATA    CARTILAGO,    Xiphoid   car- 
tilage. 

MUCRONATUM  OS,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 
MU'CULENT,  iluculen'tus,  from  mucus.  Slimy, 
viscid. 

MUCUISrA,  see  Doliehos  pruriens  —  m.  Pru- 
riens,  Doliehos  pruriens  —  m.  Prurita,  see  Do- 
liehos pruriens. 

MUCUS,  llucor,  Muco'sus  humor,  Mucoa'itas, 
Myxa,  Mi/cus,  Lape,  Fitui'ta,  Blenna,  Zoomi/'- 
cus,  Zoomyx'a,  Pit'uite,  Animal  mucus,  Animal 
mucilage,  (F.)  Muqueux  animal,  3Iorve,  Mucilage 
.animal,  presumed  to  he  from  mungere,  'to  wipe 
the  nose.'  A  substance,  analogous  to  vegetable 
mucilage ;  from  which,  however,  it  differs,  by 
affording  subcarbonate  of  ammonia  on  distilla- 
tion. Mucus  exudes  through  the  skin,  in  a  state 
of  combination  with  a  peculiar  oily  matter ;  and, 
drying,  forms  the  epidermis.  It  constitutes,  in 
part,  the  different  epidermeous  productions,  as 
the  hair,  nails,  wool,  and  horn  of  animals,  feathers 
of  birds,  and  scales  of  fish.  It  is  found  at  the 
surface  of  the  mucous  membranes,  and  presents 
some  difference  in  its  composition  and  properties, 
according  to  the  particular  mucous  membrane 
from  which  it  is  obtained.  Its  chief  organic  con- 
stituent is  an  albuminoid  compound, — mucin,  mu- 
cosin.  Mucus  preserves  the  membranes  moist, 
and  in  a  state  best  fitted  for  the  performance  of 
their  functions.  The  French  give  the  term  glaire 
to  the  thick,  stringy  mucus,  secreted  by  the  mu- 
cous membranes  when  in  a  state  of  disease. 


When  mucus  is  examined  with  the  microscope 
it  is  found  to  contain  numerous  epithelial  scales 
or  flattened  cells  ;  together  with  round,  granular 
bodies,  commonly  termed  mucous  corpuscles  or 
mucous  globules,  which  are  contained  in  a  fluid 
portion — liquor  muci. 

Mucus  Carphodes,  see  Carphodes  —  m.  Ca- 
tharticus.  Lichen  Islandicus — m.  Malpighii,  Cor- 
pus mucosum — m.  Narium,  Nasal  mucus. 

MUD-APPLE  PLANT,  Solanum  melongena. 
MUDAR,  Madar.    The  Calotropis  madarii  seu 
madarii,  C.  gigante'a,  Ascle'pias  gigante'a,  Ma- 
do'rius.     Ord.  Asclepiadacege.      In    the   Hindoo 
practice  of  physic,  the  bark  of  the  root,  as  well 
as   the  concrete   juice  of  the  plant,  enters  into 
various  compound  formulae  for  the  cure  of  ele- 
phantiasis and  many  other  disorders.     Experi- 
ments instituted  by  Dr.  Duncan,  Jr.,  exhibit  its 
properties  to  be  like  those  of  ipeca'cuanha.    Mixed 
with  oil  it  is  used  in  gout  in  Malabar. 
MUDGE'S  INHALER,  see  Inhaler. 
MUDLICK,  see  Kentucky,  Mineral  waters  of. 
3fUGUET,  Aphthae,  Convallaria  maialis  —  m. 
des  Bois,  Asperula  odorata — m.  de  Mai,  Conval- 
laria maialis. 

MUGWORT,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 
MULATRE,  Mulatto. 

MULATTO,  (F.)  3Mdtre,  (S.)  Mulata.  An 
individual  of  the  human  species  engendered  of  a 
white  and  black  race  ;  from  mulus,  '  a  mule.' 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  proportion  of 
white  blood  in  the  various  castes,  —  arising  from 
the  hybridous  admixture  of  white  and  black, — 
according  to  the  principles  sanctioned  by  usage. 


OFFSPRING. 


DEGREE  OP  MIXTURE. 


Negro  and  White Mulatto,  1-2    White, 

White  and  Mulatto, Terceron 3-4  

1  T.T  1  ii  f  Griffo,  Griff,  or  Zambo,  ]  ,   . 

Negro  and  Mulatto, |      or  Black  Terceron,      j  ^'^  

White  and  Terceron, Quarteron  or  Quadroon, 7-8  

Negro  and  Terceron Black  Quarteron  or  Quadroon....  1-8  ■ 

White  and  Quarteron Quinteron, 15-16  

Negro  and  Black  Quarteron, Black  Quinteron 1-16  


1-2 

1-4 

3-4 

1-8 

7-8 

1-16 

15-16 

Black. 


The  last  two  were  considered  to  be  respectively 
white  and  black,  in  the  British  West  India 
Islands ;  and  the  former,  prior  to  modern 
changes,  were  white  by  law,  and  consequently 
free.     See  Half-caste. 

Mulatto  .Jack,  Fever,  yellow. 
MULBERRY  CALCULUS,  see    Calculi,   uri- 
nary. 

Mul'berry  Mass.  The  mulberry-like  appear- 
ance, presented  by  the  embryo,  at  a  very  early 
stage,  when  the  different  cells  have  drawn  around 
them  a  portion  of  the  vitellus  or  yolk. 

Mulberry  Rash,  see  Typhus — m.  Red,  Morus 
rubra  —  m.  Tree,  Morus  nigra  —  m.  Wild,  Morus 
rubra. 

MULES  (P.),  3fulcB.     Chilblains  on  the  heels. 
3IULET,  Hybrid. 

MULGE'DIUM  ACUMINA'TUM,  {mulgere, 
tnidsum,  '  to  milk,')  Lactu'ca  villo'sa,  Blue  Let- 
tuce j  and 

Mulge'dium  Florida'num,  Lactu'ca  Florida'- 
na,  Sonchus  Florida'nus,  False  Lettuce;  indige- 
nous plants  ;  Order,  Compositae  ;  have  the  repu- 
tation of  curing  the  bites  of  rattlesnakes. 
MULIEBRIA,.  Menses,  Vulva. 
MULIEBRITY,  Mulieritas. 


MULIEBROS'ITAS,  Phylogyn'ia,  from  mulier, 
'a  woman,'  midiehria,  'appertaining  to  women.' 
Fondness  for  women.  Hence,  3Iuliebro'sus,  3fu- 
liera'rius,  and  Muliero'sns ;  one  who  is  fond  of 
women. 

MULIEBROSUS,  see  Muliebrositas. 

MULIERARIUS,  see  Muliebrositas. 

MULIE'RITAS,  3Iulieh'rity,  Womanhood,  from 
mulier,  'a  woman.'  The  state  of  puberty  in  the 
female. 

MULIEROSUS,  see  Muliebrositas. 

MULIER  PLENA,  Pregnant. 

MULLED  WINE,  see  Wine. 

MULLEIN,  BLACK,  Verbascum  nigrum  —  m. 
Broad-leaved,  great,  Verbascum  nigrum  —  m. 
Yellow,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

MULLER,  (F.)  3Iouleur.  A  moulder.  A  stone 
held  in  the  hand,  with  which  any  powder  is 
ground  upon  a  horizontal  slab.  It  is  sometimes 
called  mullet,  (F.)  Mollette. 

MULLIGRUBS,  Tormina,  Colic. 

MULLIN,  Melizomum. 

MULOMEDICINA,  Veterinary  art. 

MULOMEDICUS,  see  Hippiater. 

MULSA  ACIDA,  Oxyglyeus. 
ll      MULSUM,  Hydromeli — m.  Vinosum,  (EnomeL 


MULTIFIDUS   SPIN.E 


G09 


MUSA 


MULTIFIDUS  SPIN^,  Transversalis  dorsi. 
MULTIFCETA'TIOX,  Jluhi/a-ta'tio,  from  mtd- 
tus,  '  many,'  and  foetus.     Pregnancy  with  more 
than  two  foetuses. 

MULTILOC'ULAR,  Mnldloeula'ns,  from  mul- 
tus,  'many,'  and  loculus,  'a  eell.'  Having  many 
cells  or  small  cavities. 

MULTIMAM'M^,  (F.)  Multimammea,  from 
vtultus,  'many,'  and  mamma,  'a  breast.'  A  variety 
of  hypergenesis,  in  which  there  are  supernume- 
rary mammae. 

MULTIP'AROUS,  J/M?fi>'ar»«8,  (F.)  Ifnltipare, 
from  midtus,  'many,'  and  joar/re,  '  to  bring  forth.' 
One  that  brings  forth  several  young  at  the  same 
time.     Such  a  birth  is  called  ^^uraL 

MULTIPLICATION  MERISMATIQTJE,  see 
Generation. 
MULTITUDO,  Plethora. 
MULTIVORANTIA,  Polyphagia. 
MULTIVOROUS,  Polyphagous. 
MUMIA,  Mummy — m.  de  Medullis,  Marrow. 
MUMISATIO,  Mummification. 
MUMMIFICA'TION,  Mumisa'tio,  from  mum- 
vry,   svadi  fio,  'to  be    made.'     Sceleteu'sie.      The 
mode  of  preparing  a  mummy. 

MUMMY,  Ilumia,  Arab.  3Ioiimya,  from  mum, 
'wax.'  Reholea,  Rehona,  (F.)  Jfomie.  A  dead 
body  simply  dried,  or  dried  after  having  been 
embalmed.  The  latter  acceptation  is  the  most 
common.  Formerly,  the  Egj'ptian  mummy  was 
extolled  as  useful  in  contusions.  It  was  pre- 
sumed, also,  to  have  healing,  tonic,  and  resolvent 
properties.  It  is  now  only  regarded  as  an  archai- 
cal  curiosity. 

MUMPS,  Cynanche  parotidea. 
MUNCHATOE,  Mystax. 

MUNC'TIO,  Apomex'is,  (F.)  V Action  de  mou- 
cher,  from  miingere,  munctttm,  'to  blow  the  nose.' 
The  act  of  blowing  the  nose. 

MUNDIFICANTIA,  Detergents. 
MUNDIFICATIVA,  Detergents. 
MUND'TIA  SPINO'SA.     A  plant  of  the  Nat. 
Ord.  Polygalese,  which  grows  in  Southern  Africa, 
und  a  decoction  of  whose  branches    is   used   in 
atrophy,  phthisis,  &c. 

MUNGOS  RADIX,  Ophiorrhiza  mungos. 
MUNGREL,  Hybrid. 
MUNIMENTUM  GASTITATIS,  Hymen. 
MUQUEUX  ANUIAL,  Mucus. 
MUR,  see  Coryza. 

MURAL,  Mura'lis,  from  miirm,  'a  wall.'    Ve- 
sical calculi  are  so  called,  when  rugous  and  co- 
vered with    tubercles    or   asperities.     They   are 
composed  of  oxalate  of  lime. 
MURE,  Moro,  see  Moros  nigra. 
MURFLES,  Ephelides,  Papulae. 
MU'RIA,  Halme,  Sahila'go,  Brine,  (F.)  Sait- 
mure,  ('aXfjivpt;,  'salt  water.')     This  was  formerly 
used  as  a  glyster  in  dysentery,  in  certain  invete- 
rate neuralgias,  &c. 

MuRiA,  Soda,  muriate  of. 
MURIAS  AURICO-NATRICUM,  see  Gold. 
MURIATE    B'AMMONIAQUE,    Ammonia 
murias — m.  d'Ammoniaque  et  defer,  Ferrum  am- 
moniatum — m.  d'Or,  Gold,  muriate  of,  see  Gold. 
MURIAT'IC  ACID,  from  muria;  Ac"idum 
salts  seu  mrtri'num  coneentra' turn  seu  salts  culina'- 
ris  seu  salis  mari'ni,  Spir'itus  salts  mari'ni  seu 
sails    Glauhe'ri    seu    salis    ac"idus    seu  fumans, 
Acidum  htjdrochlor'icum  seu  muriat'ieum.  Spirit 
of  salt,  (F.)  Acide  kydrocMorique  ou  muriatique. 
An  aqueous  solution  of  chlorohydric  acid  gas  of 
s.  g.  1-16.     The  odour  of  muriatic  acid  is  suffo- 
cating ;  taste  very  acid  and  caustic.     It  is  nearly 
39 


colourless  when  pure;  but  commonly  of  a  pale 
yellow  ;  volatile  ;    the    fumes   visible.      Muriatic 
acid  is  possessed  of  tonic  and  antiseptic  proper- 
ties.    It  is  used  in  typhus;  cutaneous  eruptions; 
in    gargles    for    inflammatory    and   putrid    sore 
throats,  (gtt.  xxx  to  f.^vj  of  water,)  &e.     When 
added  to  a  pediluvium,  it  renders  it  stimulating. 
AciDCM  MuRiAT'icuir  Dilu'tum  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  contains  four  fluidounces  of  muriatic  acid,  to 
twelve  fluidounces  of  distilled  water. 
MURIDE,  Bromine. 
3IURIER  NOIR,  Morus  nigra. 
MURIGENE,  Chlorine. 
MURINA,  Bromine. 

MURMUR,  (F.)  Murmni-e.  A  word  existing 
both  in  the  Romanic  and  Teutonic  languages,  and 
probably  a  variety  of  onomatopoeia; — mur  mnr 
expressing  the  kind  of  sound  which  the  word  in- 
dicates. A  low  continued  or  continuously  re- 
peated sound,  as  that  of  flame,  or  of  a  stream 
running  over  a  stony  bottom. 

Murmur  Aurium,  Tinnitus  Aurium  —  m.  In- 
testinale  seu  intestinorum  seu  Ventris,  Borboryg- 
mus. 

Murmur,  Res'piratort.  (F.)  Bruit  respira- 
toire.  The  noise  heard  during  inspiration  and 
expiration,  especially  the  former.  It  is  produced 
by  the  passage  of  the  air  through  the  bronchial 
tubes  and  into  the  air-cells.  It  has  been  also 
called  murmur  of  the  expansion  of  the  lungs,  (P.) 
Bruit  d'expansion  pulmonaire ;  and,  when  dis- 
tinctly vesicular.  Respiration  of  the  cells  or  ve~ 
sicular  respiration,  (F.)  Respirattun  ou  niurmure 
vesiculaire.  Vesicular  respiration  is  of  course 
absent  when  the  cells  of  the  lungs  have  been  ob- 
literated from  any  cause.  We  may  then  have 
the  Respiration  nulle,  Absence  du  bruit  respira- 
toire,  Silence,  and  Respiration  silencieuse  of  the 
French  writers. 

At  times,  it  is  rude  during  inspiration  or  expi- 
ration, or  both  —  the  Resjnration  rude  or  R.  rd- 
peuse  of  the  French.  At  others,  there  is  a  bloic- 
ing  sound,  (F.)  Souffle,  Respiration  soufflante,  as 
if  some  one  were  blowing  into  the  auscultator's 
ear  through  a  tube.  This  is  heard  in  the  healthy 
state  over  the  larynx,  trachea,  (F.)  Souffle  tra- 
cheal, and  about  the  bifurcation  of  the  bronchia, 
(F.)  Souffle  bronchique ;  but  when  it  proceeds 
from  the  lungs  it  denotes  disease.  It  may  be 
tubidar  or  diffused.  In  the  former,  the  whifflng 
murmurs  appear  to  occur  in  a  space  limited  to  the 
immediate  neighbourhood  of  the  part  examined. 
In  the  latter,  they  are  produced  with  but  mode- 
rate intensity,  and  sometimes  at  a  distance  from 
the  ear,  over  a  tolerably  extended  space. 

The  respiration,  perceived  over  the  trachea  and 
bronchia  in  health,  is  called  tracheal  or  bronchial 
or  tubal,  (F.)  Respiration  bronchique.  Souffle  ttt- 
baire,  according  to  the  situation  in  which  it  is 
heard. 

Murmur,  Uterine,  Bruit  lAacentaire  —  m. 
Utero-placental,  Bruit  plaeentaire. 
Murmur,  Whiffing;,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 
MURR,  Murrain,  from  A.  S.  mypnhail,  'to 
destroy,' or  from  (L.)  wior)',  '  to  die.'  (F.)  Claveau, 
Clavelee,  Pestilential  Fever.  An  epizootic,  per- 
haps contagious,  disease,  having  some  resemblance 
to  small-pox,  which  affects  cattle  —  especially 
sheep ;  and  is  said  to  have  been  transferred  to 
man. 

MURRAIN,  see  Coryza. 
MURREN,  Coryza. 

MUSA,  M.  Paradisiaca  —  m.  Cliffortiana,  M. 
Paradisiaca — m.  Mensaria,  M.  Paradisiaca. 

MuSA  Paradisi'aca,  Musa,  M.  3Iensa'ria  sen 
Cliffortia'na,  Amuaa,  Palma  hu'milis,  Ficua  /»'- 


MUSO 


610 


MUSCLE 


diea,  Bata,  Plat'amis,  Plantain  tree.  Family, 
Musacese.  ^S'ea:.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia. 
It  grows  in  many  parts  of  India  and  South 
America.  The  fruit,  which  is  largely  eaten  for 
bread,  consists  of  a  mealy  substance,  Plantain 
meal,  Conquin-tay.  It  is  clammy;  has  a  sweetish 
taste,  and  will  dissolve  in  the  mouth  without  chew- 
ing. The  whole  spike  of  fruit  often  weighs  forty 
or  fifty  pounds.  The  leaves  of  the  tree  serve  the 
Indians  for  tablecloths  and  napkins.  Being 
smooth  and  soft,  they  are  also  employed  as  dress- 
ings for  blisters.  The  water  from  the  soft  trunk 
is  astringent,  and  sometimes  used  in  diarrhoea. 

MusA  Sapien'tum.  The  Batin'na  free,  Baco'- 
ba,  (F.)  Bananier,  Bacove.  This  differs  some- 
what from  the  last.  The  fruit,  Bana'tm,  (S.) 
Platano,  is  shorter,  straighter,  and  rounder;  the 
pulp  softer  and  of  a  more  luscious  taste.  When 
ripe,  it  is  very  agreeable ;  it  is  eaten  like  the 
plantain,  and  relished  by  all  ranks  of  people  in 
the  West  Indies.  Both  varieties  are  natives  of 
Guinea. 

MUSC,  Musk. 

MUSCA  HISPANICA,  Cantharis. 

MUSC^  ENTO- HYALOID,  see  Metamor- 
phopsia — m.  Volitantes,  see  Metamorphopsia. 

3IUSCADE,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

MUSCADIER,  Myristica  moschata. 

MUSCERDA,  Moschardina. 

MUSCLE,  (old  Eng.)  Brawn,  Mns'cnlits,  Torm, 
Lacer'tus,  Mys,  3Iyon,  from  fivg.  'a  mouse  or  rat;' 
because,  say  some  etymologists,  the  ancients  com- 
pared the  muscles  to  flayed  mice  or  rats.  Accord- 
ing to  Diemerbroeck,  Douglass,  Chaussier,  Ac, 
Itvuv  comes  rather  from  nvciv, '  to  close,'  '  to  move,' 
&c.,  a  function  proper  to  muscles.  This  etymon 
is  the  more  probable.  Muscles  have  been  divided 
into  those  of  Animal  life  or  of  the  life  of  relation 
—  voluntary  muscles  —  which  execute  movements 
under  the  influence  of  the  will;  as  the  muscles 


of  the  limbs,  head,  trunk,  &c.,  and  into  those  of 
organic  life-^involuntary  muscles — which  contract 
under  the  influence  of  certain  special  stimuli;  as 
the  heart,  fleshy  fibres  of  the  stomach,  &c.  Mixed 
muscles  are  those  which  belong  partly  to  each  of 
these  divisions  ;  —  as  the  muscles  of  respiration  ; 
the  sphincters,  &c.  Muscles  that  act  in  oppo- 
sition to  each  other  are  called  antagonists  ;  thus, 
every  extensor  has  a  flexor  for  an  antagonist,  and 
conversely.  Muscles  that  concur  in  the  same 
action  are  termed  congenerous.  The  muscles 
present  numerous  varieties  in  form,  size,  situa- 
tion, use,  &c.,  and  have  been  divided,  by  some, 
into  long,  broad,  and  short.  Each  of  these  divi- 
sions comprises  simple  and  compound  muscles. 
Simjyle  or  rectilinear  muscles  have  all  their  fibres 
in  a  similar  direction,  and  only  one  body — as  the 
Sartorivs,  Pronator  quadratus,  &c.  Compound 
muscles  are  those  which  have  only  one  belly  and 
several  tendons,  as  the  flexors  of  the  fingers  and 
toes;  or  several  bellies  and  several  tendons, — as 
the  biceps  flexor  cubiti,  sacro-lumbalis,  &c.  To 
the  compound  muscles  belong,  also,  the  radiated 
muscles.  Their  fibres  set  out  from  a  common 
centre,  and  are  arranged  like  the  radii  of  a  circle ; 
—  such  are  the  diaphragm,  iliacus,  temporal,  &e. 
Pennated  or  Penniform  3[uscles.  Their  fibres 
are  arranged  in  two  rows,  which  are  united  at  a 
median  line,  at  greater  or  less  angles;  nearly  as 
the  feathers  are  inserted  into  a  quill.  The  pal- 
maris  longus  is  one  of  these.  Semi-penniform 
muscles:  their  fibres  are  oblique,  as  in  the  last 
case ;  but  they  are  inserted  only  on  one  side  of 
the  tendon.  Holloio  3fuscles  are, — the  heart,  in- 
testines, urinary  bladder,  Ac. 

Much  difference  has  existed  in  the  enumera- 
tion of  muscles.  Some  authors  reckon  them  at 
upwards  of  400.  Chaussier  admits  only  368 
The  greater  part  of  them  are  in  pairs.  Very  few 
are  azygous. 


TABLE   OE   THE  MUSCLES,  ARRANGED  AFTER  THE  MANNER   OF  DR.  BARCLAY, 
ACCORDING  TO  THEIR  ACTIONS. 


Foneards  by 

Platysma  myoides, 
Sterno-niastoideus, 
Rectus  anticus  major, 
minor, 

.Assisted  {when  the  Imcerjaw  is 
fixed)  by 

Mylo-hyoideus, 
Genio-hyoideus, 
Genio-hyo-glossiis, 
Disastrici. 


THE    HEAD   IS   MOVED 

Backwards  by 

Part  of  trapezius, 
Splenius  capitis, 
Complexus, 
Trachelo-mastoideus, 
Rectus  posticus  major, 
"  "        minor, 

Obliquus  capitis  superior. 


To  either  aide  by 

Platysma  myoides, 
Sterno-mastoideus, 
Part  of  trapezius, 
Splenius  capitis, 

"        colli, 
Trachelo-mastoideuB, 
Complexus. 


THE   NECK  IS   MOTED 


Forwards  by 

Platysma  myoides, 

Sterno-mastoideus, 

Digastricus, 

Mylo-hyoideus, 

Genio-hyoideus, 

Genio-hyo-glossu3 

Omo  hyoidei, 

Sterno-hyoidei, 

Thyro-hyoidei, 

Rectus  anticus  minor, 

Longus  colli. 


S7 


Backwards  by 

Part  of  trapezius, 
Rhomboideus  minor, 
Serratus  posticus  superior, 
Splenius  capitis, 

colli, 
Complexus, 
Trachelo-mastoideus, 
Transversalis  colli, 
Inter-spinales  colli, 
Semi-spinales  colli. 
Rectus  posticus  major, 
"  "        minor, 

Obliquus  capitis  superior, 
"  "        inferior, 

Scaleni  postici. 
Levator  scapulee. 


Laterally  5y 

Various  combinations  of  those  mus- 
cles which  separately  move  it  for 
wards  and  backwards,  assisted  by 
the  scaleni,  intertransvarsales,  and 
recti lateralea. 


MUSCLE 


611 


MUSCLE 


Forwards  by 

Rer.tus  abdominis, 
Pyramidalis, 

Obliquus  externus  abdominis, 
f)lili(iuus  internus, 
Psoas  inagtius, 
parvus, 

Assisted  [wken  the  arms  are  carried 

forwards)  ky 
Pectoralis  major, 
"  minor, 

Serratus  magnus. 


THE    TRUNK   IS   MOVED 

Backwards  by 

Trapezius, 
Rhomboideus  major, 
Latissimus  dorsi, 
Serratus  posticus  superior, 
"  "        inferior, 

Sacro-Iumbalis, 
Longissimus  dorsi, 
Spinales  dorsi, 
Senii-spinales  dorsi, 
Mullifidus  spinffi, 

Inter-transversales  dorsi  et  lumbo- 
rum. 


Laterally  by 

Obliquus  externus, 
"        internus, 
Q,uadratus  lumborunj, 
Longissimus  dorsi, 
Sacro-lumbalis, 
Serrati  postici, 
Latissimus  dorsi. 


TEE    SCAPULA  IS   MOVED 


Upivards  by 

Trapezius, 
Levator  scapuls, 
Rhomboidei. 


Downwards  by 

Lower  part  of  trapezius, 
Latissimus  dorsi, 
Pectoralis  minor. 


Forwards  by 

Pectoralis  minor, 
Serratus  magnus. 


Backwcrds  by 

Part  of  trapezius, 
Rhomboidei, 
Latissimus  dorsi. 


THE   HUMERCrS   IS   MOVED 


Forwards  by 

Part  of  deltoid. 

Part  of  pectoralis  major, 

.Issisted  in  some  circum- 
stances by 
Biceps, 
Coraco-brachialis. 


Backwards  by 

Part  of  deltoid, 
Teres  major, 
"      minor. 
Long  head  of  triceps, 
Latissimus  dorsi. 


Inwards  by 

Part  of  pectoralis  major, 
Latissimus  dorsi. 


Rotated  inwards  by 
Subscapularis, 

Assisted  occasionally  by 

Pectoralis  major, 

Latissimus  and  teres  ma- 
jor. 

Outwards  by 
Supra-spinatus, 
Infraspinatus, 
Teres  minor. 


THE   FOHE-AEM  IS   MOVED 


Forwards  by 

Biceps, 

Brachialis  anticus. 
Pronator  teres. 

Assisted  by 
Flexor  carpi  radialis, 

"        sublimis, 

"       ulnaris. 
Supinator  longus. 


Backwards  by 

Triceps, 
Anconeus. 


Rotated  inwards  by 

Pronator  teres. 
Flexor  carpi  radialis, 
Palmaris  longus. 
Flexor  sublimis. 
Pronator  quadratus, 

Outwards  by 
Biceps, 

Supinator  brevis. 
Extensor  secundi   inter- 
Bodii. 


THE    CAEPUS   IS   MOVED 


Forwards  by 

Flexor  carpi  radialis, 

Palmaris  longus. 

Flexor  sublimis, 
"        carpi  ulnaris, 
"        profundus, 
"       longus  poUicis. 


Backwards  by 

Extensor    carpi    radialis 

longior. 
Extensor    carpi    radialis 

brevior. 
Extensor    secundi    inter- 

nodii. 
Indicator, 
Extensor  communis  digi- 

torum. 
Extensor  proprius  poUicis. 


Outwards  by 

Flexor  carpi  radialis. 
Extensor    carpi    radialis 

longior. 
Extensor    carpi    radialis 

brevior. 
Extensor  ossis  metacarpi. 
Extensor  primi  internodii. 


Inwards  by 

Flexor  sublimis, 
"       carpi  ulnaris, 
"       profundus. 

Extensor  communis  digi' 
torum. 

Extensor  minimi  digiti. 

Extensor  carpi  ulnaris. 


THE   THUMB   IS  MOVED 


Inwards   and  forwards, 
across  the  palm,  by 

Opponens  poUicis, 
Flexor  brevis, 
"       locgus 


Outwards  and  backwards 


Upwards  and  forwards, 
away  from  the  other  fin- 
gers, by 


Extensor  ossis  metacarpi    Abductor, 

poUicis, 
Extensor  primi  internodii.       Assisted  by  part  of  the 
Extensor    secundi    inter-    pjexor  brevis 

nodii. 


Backwards    and   inwards, 
to  the  other  fingers,  by 

Adductor, 

Extensor  primi  internodii. 
Extensor    secundi    inter, 
nodii. 


MUSCLE 


612 


MUSCLE 


Forwards,  or  flexed,  by        Backwards,  or  extended,  by 

Flexor  sublimis, 
"        profundus, 

Lumbricales, 

Interossei, 

Flexor  brevis    digiti    mi- 
nimi, 

Abductor  digiti  minimi. 


THE   FINGERS   ARE   MOVED 

Outwards,    to    radial    bor- 


Extensor  communis, 

"        minimi  digiti, 
Indicator. 


der.  by 

Abductor  indicis, 

"         digiti  minimi, 
Interossei. 


Inwards  hy 

Abductor  digiti  minimi, 
Interossei. 


THE    THIGH  IS   MOVED 


Forwards  by 

Psoas  magnus, 
Iliacus, 

Tensor  vaginEB  femons, 
Pectineus, 
Adductor  longus, 
brevis. 


Backtcards  by 

Gluteus  maximus. 
Part  of  gluteus  medius, 
Pyriformis, 
Obturator  internus, 
Part  of  adductor  magnus, 
Long  head  of  biceps, 
Semi-tendinosus, 
Semi-membranosus. 


Inwards  by 

Psoas  magnus, 

Iliacus, 

Pectineus, 

Gracilis, 

Adductor  longus, 
"  brevis, 
"        magnus. 

Obturator  externus, 

Q.uadratus  femoris. 


Outwards  by 

Tensor  vaginiE  femoris 
Gluteus  maximus, 
"        medius, 
"        minimus, 
Pyriformis. 


THE    THIGH   IS    ROTATED 


Inwards  by 


Outwards  by 


Tensor  vagiiiBe  femoris, 
Part  of  gluteus  medius. 


Gluteus  maximus, 
Part  of  gluteus  mediua, 
Pyriformis, 
And,  when  the  leg  is  ex-    Gemellus  superior. 


tended,  by 

Sartorius. 
Semi-tendinosus. 


Obturator  internus, 
Gemellus  inferior, 
Quadratus  femoris, 
Obturator  externus. 
Psoas  magnus, 
Iliacus, 

Adductor  longus, 
brevis, 
"        magnus. 
Biceps  cruris,  slightly. 


THE    LEG   IS   MOVED 


Backwards,  or  flexed,  by 

Semi-tendinosus, 

Biceps, 

Semi-membranosus, 

Gracilis, 

Sartorius, 

Poplileus. 


Extended  by 

Rectus, 
Crureus, 

Vastus  externus, 
"       internus. 


THE    FOOT  IS   MOVED 


Forwards,  or  flexed,  by        Backwards,  or  extended  by  Inclined  inwards  by 


Tibialis  anticus. 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis. 
Extensor    longus    digito- 

rum, 
Peroneus  tertius. 


Gastrocnemius, 

Plautaris, 

Soleus, 

Flexor  longus  digitorum, 

"      longus  pollicis, 
Tibialis  posticus, 
Peroneus  longus, 
"        brevis. 


Extensor  proprius  pollicis. 
Flexor  longus  digitorum, 

"      longus  pollicis. 
Tibialis  posticus. 


Outwards  hy 

Peroneus  longus, 
"         brevis. 
Extensor    longus 

rum, 
Peroneus  tertius. 


digito- 


THE   TOES    ARE   MOVED 


Backwards,  or  flexed,  hy 

Abductor  pollicis. 
Flexor  brevis  digitorum. 
Abductor  minimi  digiti. 
Flexor  longus  pollicis, 
"      digitorum, 
"      accessorius, 
Lumbricales, 
Flexor  brevis  pollicis, 
Adductor  pollicis, 
Flexor  brevis  minimi  di- 
giti, 
Interossei. 


Forwards,  or  extended,  hy 

Extensor    longus    digito- 
rum. 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis, 
"       brevis  digitorum. 


Inclined  inwards  by 

Abductor  pollicis, 
Interossei. 


Outwards  by 

Adductor  pollicis, 

"         digiti  minimi, 
Interossei. 


MUSCLE  CAN  IN 


613 


MUSCULINE 


Muscles  have  been  variously  named.  1.  Ac- 
cording to  their  uses,  as  diaphragm,  buccinator, 
extensors,  flexors,  adductors,  abductors,  levators, 
depressors,  &c.  2.  According  to  their  iwsition, 
as  interspinales,  interossei,  subclavius,  poplit£eus, 
anconeus,  cubitalis,  iliacus,  temporalis,  &c.  3. 
According  to  their  shape,  as  trapezius,  splenius, 
lumbricalis,  serratus,  digastric,  deltoid,  scalenus, 
rhomboides,  &c.  4.  According  to  their  dinien- 
'  sioHs,  as  pectoralis  major,  rectus  capitis  anticus 
major,  pectoralis  minor,  glutaeus  maximus,  me- 
dius,  and  minimus.  5.  According  to  their  direc- 
tion, as  obliquus  abdominis,  transversalis  abdo- 
minis, rectus  femoris,  rectus  abdominis,  &c.  6. 
According  to  their  composition,  as  semi-membra- 
nosus,  semi-tendinosus,  complexus,  &c.  7.  Ac- 
cording to  their  attachments,  or  the  different 
points  of  the  skeleton  with  which  they  are  con- 
nected by  means  of  tendons  or  aponeuroses  ;  as 
sterno-cleido-mastoideus,  sterno-hyoideus,  &c. 
On  this  is  grounded  the  nomenclature  of  M.  Du- 
mas, and  that  of  Chaussier. 

The  end  of  the  muscle,  which  adheres  to  the 
most  fixed  part,  is  usually  called  the  origin  or 
head,  (F.)  Tete ;  and  that  which  adheres  to  the 
more  moveable  part,  the  insertion  or  tail,  (F.) 
Queue  ;  the  intervening  part  or  body  of  the  mus- 
cle being  called  the  venter  or  helli/,  Venter  mus'- 
culi,  Me'dium  mns'culi,  (F.)  Ventre:  hence  the 
names  gastroenemii,  digastricus,  biceps,  and  tri- 
ceps ;  according  as  they  have  two  bellies,  two  or 
three  beads,  &c. 

Muscles  are  formed,  —  1.  Essentially  of  the 
muscular  or  fleshy  fibre,  (see  Muscular  Fibre.) 
2.  Of  Areolar  tissue,  which  unites  together  the 
fibres.  This  areolar  tissue  is  not  very  visible 
between  the  fine  and  loose  fibres ;  but  becomes 
more  so,  when  they  unite  in  more  considerable 
fasciculi.  It  forms,  moreover,  to  each  muscle,  an 
external  envelope,  which  unites  it  to  the  neigh- 
bouring parts,  and  admits  of  its  motion.  This 
envelope  was  formerly  called  Tu'nica  pro'pria 
musculo'rum.  3.  Of  Arteries.  These  proceed 
from  neighbouring  trunks,  and  are,  generally, 
very  large.  Their  size  and  number  are  always 
in  proportion  to  the  bulk  of  the  muscle.  With 
the  exception  of  some  viscera,  as  the  lungs  and 
the  kidneys,  there  are  few  organs  that  receive  as 
much  blood  as  the  muscles.  4.  Of  Veins.  They 
follow  the  same  course  in  the  muscles  as  the  ar- 
teries. Bichat  asserts  that  they  are  generally 
devoid  of  valves.  5.  Of  Lymphatics.  Of  these 
•we  know  little,  and  cannot  easily  follow  them 
between  the  fleshy  fibres.  6.  Of  Nerves.  These 
are  numerous,  and  of  different  sizes.  They,  al- 
most all,  proceed  from  the  encephalon ;  some, 
however,  issue  from  ganglions,  and  accompany 
the  arteries.  In  general,  they  penetrate  the 
fleshy  tissue  along  with  the  vessels,  with  which 
they  are  closely  united.  After  they  have  en- 
tered the  muscles,  they  divide  and  subdivide 
■until  they  are  lost  sight  of. 

3IUSCLE  OANIN,  Levator  anguli  oris  — wi. 
Can  nele,  Ischio-trochanterianus. 

Muscle  of  Gavard.  The  oblique  muscular 
fibres  of  the  stomach. 

MUSCLE  GRAND  FESSTER,  Glutaeus  ma- 
jor— m.  of  Guthrie,  Compressor  Urethrse — m.  of 
Horner,  Tensor  Tarsi— m.  of  Houston,  Compres- 
sor venae  dorsalis  penis  —  ni.  tres  Large  du  dos, 
Latissimus  dorsi — m.  of  Wilson,  Compressor  ure- 
thrse. 

MUS'CULAR,  Iluscula'ris,  Wuaculo'sus,  Toro'- 
siis,  (F.)  3ruscnlaire,  iluscideux.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  muscles.  Well  furnished 
with  muscles,  Lacerto'sus. 

MusruLAR  Ar'teries.  Arteries  that  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  muscles.  The  name,  Muscular 
Arteries  of  the  eye,  has  been  especially  given  to 


two  branches  sent  off  by  the  ophthalmic  artery; 
—  the  one,  inferior,  which  furnishes  branches  to 
the  rectus  inferior  oculi,  lachrymal  sac,  &c.,  and 
some  of  the  anterior  ciliary  arteries  :  the  other 
— -the  superior,  which  is  sometimes  wanting;  but, 
when  it  exists,  gives  branches  to  the  rectus  su- 
perior oculi  and  levator  palpebrae  superioris. 

Muscular  Contrac'tion.  The  exertion  of  the 
power,  possessed  by  muscles,  of  shortening  them- 
selves, or  of  contracting  to  produce  motion :  — 
muscular  motion  being  the  change  in  the  situa- 
tion and  relation  of  organs,  induced  by  muscular 
contraction.  When  a  muscle  contracts,  its  fibres 
assume  more  the  zigzag  direction,  and  the  extre- 
mities approximate;  but  the  bulk  of  the  whole 
muscle  is  not  augmented.  This  contraction  takes 
place,  at  times,  with  extreme  velocity :  a  single 
thrill,  in  the  letter  R,  can  be  pronounced  in  the 
1-30, 000th  part  of  a  minute.  The  force  of  con- 
traction, Myody'namis,  depends  upon  the  healthy 
physical  condition  of  the  muscle,  combined  with 
due  energy  of  the  brain.  The  duration,  in  vo- 
luntary motion,  is  for  a  certain  time  dependent 
upon  the  will : — contractions,  excited  involunta- 
rily, cannot  be  so  long  maintained. 

Muscular  Current.  A  current,  which,  ac- 
cording to  Matteucci,  exists  in  every  living  mus- 
cle, whose  tendinous  extremities  are  not  equally 
disposed — one,  for  example,  forming  a  cord ;  the 
other  broad  and  ribbon-like  —  and  which  circu- 
lates in  the  muscle  from  the  tendinous  extremity 
to  the  muscular  surface. 

Muscular  Fibre,  Fleshy  fibre,  Filum  muscu- 
la're,  Fibril'la  muscula'ris.  A  name  given  to 
the  filaments,  which,  by  their  union,  form  the 
muscles.  This  fibre  is  flat,  soft,  downy,  linear, 
but  little  elastic,  and  more  or  less  red.  It  is 
firmer  in  adults  than  in  the  young  or  the 
aged;  of  the  same  size  in  the  great  and  small 
muscles;  and  runs  its  course  without  bifurcation 
or  ramification.  It  is  but  slightly  resisting  in  the 
dead  body,  tearing  readily  ;  but  during  life  it 
supports  very  great  efforts  without  laceration.  It 
is,  itself,  composed  of  a  considerable  number  of 
fibrils,  similar  to  each  other,  and  subdividing  al- 
most ad  infinitum.  The  ultimate  filaments  into 
which  the  fibre  can  be  decomposed  by  mechani- 
cal means  seem  to  be  hollow  or  tubular.  The 
fibre  exists  under  two  forms,  the  striated  or 
striped,  (F.)  Fibre  striee,  and  the  non-striated, 
smooth,  or  unstriped,  (F.)  Fibre  lisse ;  the  mus- 
cles composed  of  the  former  ministering,  as  a 
general  rule,  to  the  animal  functions, — the  latter 
always,  perhaps,  to  the  organic.  The  colour  of 
the  muscular  fibres  is  red  in  man,  and  white  in 
several  animals.  A  greater  or  less  number,  — 
united  in  fasciculi,  Fascic'uli  seu  Lacer'ti  mus- 
culo'rum, approximated  to  each  other,  and  form- 
ing a  distinct  mass,  of  very  variable  size  and 
shape,  the  extremities  being  attached  to  bones  by 
means  of  tendons,  —  constitutes  a  muscle.  In 
this  are  included  areolar  membrane,  vessels  and 
nerves.  -See  Muscle. 

Muscular  Nerves.  The  nerves  distributed 
to  the  muscles  are  so  named.  Winslow  calls  the 
4th  pair  of  nerves  —  Nerf  musctdaire  oblique  sxi- 
perieur. 

Muscular  SrsTE^r.  A  term  given  to  the  ag- 
gregate of  the  muscles  of  the  body. 

Muscular  Veins.  These  bring  back  the 
blood,  which  has  been  carried  to  the  muscles  by 
'the  muscular  arteries. 

MUSCULARIS,  Corroborant. 

MUSCULATION,  See  Locomotion. 

MUSCULEUX,  Muscular. 

MUSCULI  ACCESSORII  AD  SACRO-LUM- 
BALEM,  see  Sacro-lumbalis — m.  Papillares.  Co- 
lumnas  carneae — m.  Pectinati,  Pectinated  muscles. 

MUSCULINE,  see  Fibrin. 


MUSCULO-CUTANEOUS 


614 


IIUTITH 


MUS'CULO-CUTA'NEOUS,  3Ius' culo-euta' - 
neus,  from  muscuhts,  '  a  muscle,'  and  cutis,  '  skin.' 
That  which  appertains  to  muscles  and  skin. 

MuscuLO-CuTANEOus  Nerve.  This  name  is 
especially  given  to  two  nerves;  —  the  one,  the 
E.rJernal  cutaneous  nerve,  furnished  by  the  bra- 
chial plexus  (see  Cutaneous  : — )  the  otJier,  given 
off  from  the  poplitseus  extemus,  (F.)  Nerf  Sciat- 
ique,  Poplite  externe,  Pretihio  digital  (Ch.).  It 
descends  on  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
leg,  —  at  first,  hid  among  the  muscles;  becomes 
superficial  about  the  middle  of  the  leg;  and  di- 
vides into  two  branches,  which  pass  superficially 
on  the  back  of  the  foot.  Two  musculo-cutaneous 
nerves — superior  and  inferior — proceed  from  the 
first  lumbar.  The  superior  musculo-cutaneous  — 
il'io-scrotal,  il'io-hypogas'tricus  —  which  divides 
into  two  branches, — abdominal  and  scrotal.  The 
inferior  museulo-eittaneous  is  smaller  than  the 
superior,  and  is  distributed  as  its  name,  iVio-in'- 
guinal,  indicates. 

MUSCULO-RACHID^'US.  Belonging  or  re- 
lating to  muscles  and  to  the  spine.  A  name  given 
to  branches,  furnished  behind  by  the  intercostal, 
lumbar,  and  sacral  arteries,  which  are  distributed 
to  the  spine  and  to  the  muscles  of  the  neighbour- 
hood. 

MUSCULOSA  EXPANSIO,  Platysma  my- 
oides. 
MUSCULO-SPIRAL  NERVE,  Radial  nerve. 
MUSCULOSUS,  Muscular. 
MUSCULUS  ACCLIVIS,  Obliquus  internns 
abdominis — m.  Auxiliarius,  Pyramidalis  abdomi- 
nis— m.  Constrictorius,  Sphincter — m.  Cutaneus, 
Platysma  myoides — m.  Eustachii,  Laxator  tym- 
pani  —  m.  Fallopii,  Pyramidalis  abdominis  —  m. 
Femoris  membranosus,  Fascia  lata — m.  Patientise, 
Levator  scapulae — m.  Penicillatus,  Levator  labii 
inferioris  —  m.  Pyxoides  terrestris.  Lichen  pyxi- 
datus — m.  Scandularius,  Paratbenar — m.  Subcu- 
taneus,  Platysma  myoides  —  m.  Succenturiatus, 
Pyramidalis  abdominis  —  m.  Succingens,  Dia- 
phragm—  m.  Supercilii,  Corrugator  supercilii  — 
m.  Testicondus,  Cremaster — m.  Testis,  Cremaster 
— m.  TubaB  novee,  Circumflexus. 

MUSCUS  ARBOREUS,  Lichen  plicatus  — m. 
Caninus,  Lichen  caninus — m.  Catharticus,  Lyco- 
podium  selago  —  m.  Clavatus,  Lycopodium  —  m. 
Corallinus,  Corallina  Corsicana  —  m.  Cranii  hu- 
mani.  Lichen  sasatilis — m.  Erectus,  Lycopodium 
selago — m.  Helminthocortos,  Corallina  Corsicana 
— m.  Islandicns,  Lichen  islandicus — m.  Marinus, 
Corallina  Corsicana — m.  Maritimus,  Corallina  — 
va.  Pulmonarius  quercinus.  Lichen  pulmonarius 
— m.  Pyxidatus,  Lichen  pyxidatus — m.  Villosus, 
Peristroma. 

MUSE  A  V  BE  TANCHE,  Os  uteri. 
MUSE'UM   ANATOM'ICUM,  SupeVlex  ana- 
tom'ica.     An  anatomical  museum. 
MUSHROOM,  Fungus. 

MUSIC,  ilu'sicn,  (F.)  Musique,  from  /tovaa, 
musa,  'a  song.'  The  art  of  producing  harmo- 
nious and  cadenced  sounds;  an  art,  which  has, 
at  times,  been  beneficially  used  in  diseases,  par- 
ticularly in  those  of  the  mind;  or  on  which  the 
mind  could  act  in  a  salutary  manner. 

MUSICOMA'NIA,    Musoma'nia,    from   music, 
and  mania.     A  variety  of  monomania  in  which 
the  passion  for  music  is  carried  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  derange  the  intellectual  faculties. 
MUSING,  LISTLESS,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 
3WSIQ  UE,  Music. 

MUSK,  Moschus,  Jfosch  (Arab.),  (F.)  3Iusc. 
A  peculiar  concrete  animal  substance,  of  a  very 
diffusible  odour,  bitter  taste,  and  a  deep  brown 
colour  :  solid,  and  enclosed  in  the  preputial  folli- 
cles of  Moschus  moschiferus,  JTusk  Beer,  (F.) 
Chevrotain  j^orte-musc.     It  is  possessed  of  stimu- 


lant and  antispasmodic  properties.     Dose,  gr.  v 
to  ^  in  bolus. 

Musk,  Artific"ial,  Moschus  factit"iu8,  Eesi'- 
na  Suc'cini.  [01.  succini  rectif.  1  part,  acid, 
niiz-jc.  4  parts.  Digest; — a  black  matter  will  be 
deposited,  which  must  be  well  washed  with 
water.) 

MUSK  GRAPE  FLOWER,  Bulbus  vomitorius. 
MUSKMALLOW,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 
MUSKROOT,  Sumbul. 
MUSKSEED,  see  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

MUSKWOOD,  Thymiama. 

MUSOMANIA,  Musicomania. 

MUSQUITO,  Mosquito. 

MUSS^N'DAFR0NDO'SA,5eZi77a,5€?e'son, 
A  decoction  of  this  Ceylonese  plant  has  been  es- 
teemed refrigerant. 

MUSSEL,  Mytilns  edulis. 

MUSSELLED,  see  Mytilus  edulis. 

MUSSITA'TIO,  Mussita'tion,  from  mvssitare, 
mussitatum,  itself  from  mussare,  'to  murmur.'  A 
condition,  in  which  the  tongue  and  lips  move,  as 
in  the  act  of  speaking,  but  without  sounds  being 
produced.  This  sort  of  murmuring  is  an  unfa- 
vourable sign  in  disease,  as  indicating  great  cere- 
bral debility. 

MUSTA'CEUM:  from  Mustacea,  a  kind  of 
laurus  used  in  making  it.  A  kind  of  wedding- 
cake  used  by  the  ancients,  which  consisted  of 
meal,  aniseed,  cummin,  and  several  other  aroma- 
tics;  its  object — it  has  been  conceived — being  to 
prevent  or  remove  the  indigestion  occasioned  by 
too  great  indulgence  at  the  marriage  feast.  Lau- 
reolum  in  mnstaceo  quarere — "to  seek  for  glory 
in  pitiful  performances." — Cicero. 

MUSTACHE,  Mystax. 

MUSTARD,  BLACK,  Sinapis  — m.  Clammy, 
Polanisia  graveolens  —  m.  Essence  of,  White- 
head's, see  Sinapis — m.  False,  Polanisia  graveo- 
lens— m.  Green,  Lepidium  sativum — m.  Hedge, 
Erysimum — m.  Mithridate,  Thlaspi  campestre — 
m.  Stinking  hedge,  Alliaria — m.  Treacle,  Thlaspi 
arvense — m.  White,  Sinapis  alba — m.  WUd,  Sina- 
pis arvensis. 

MUSTELANEUS,  Galeancon. 

MUSTUM,  Wort. 

MUTACIS'MUS,  Mu'tacism,  from  f(«Ta/fi^«, 
'I  use  the  letter  m,  uv,  too  frequently.'  A  vicious 
pronunciation  ;  consisting,  according  to  Sauvages, 
in  the  frequent  repetition  of  the  letters  ii,  B,  and 
p,  which  are  substituted  for  others. 

MUTA'TIO  SEXUS.  'A  change  or  conversion 
of  sex.'  A  notion' prevailed  in  antiquity  that 
such  a  conversion  was  possible. 

MUTEO'SIS,  from  mutus,  'dumb.'  Under  this 
name  is  comprehended  every  phenomenon  of  ex- 
pression, voluntary  and  involuntary,  which  im- 
presses the  sight  or  touch. 

MUTILA'TION,  Mntila'tio,  dfaiming,  from 
mvtilus,  'broken.'  The  removal  or  privation  of 
a  limb,  or  of  some  other  external  part  of  the 
body.  In  all  countries,  this  crime  has  been  pun- 
ished with  severity. 

MUTINUS,  Penis. 

MUTISME,  Mutitas. 

MU'TITAS,  {mutus,  (F.)  ihiet,  'dumb.')  Oh- 
tumescen'tia,AIa'lia,Anau'dia,Bumlness,  Speech' - 
lessness,  (F.)  3Iutisme,  Mutite.  Impossibility  of 
articulating  sounds;  although  they  can  be  eli- 
cited. Dumbness  is  often  congenital,  and  united 
with  deafness,  of  which  it  is  an  effect.  In  some 
cases  it  is  accidental. 

Mutitas  Surdo'rum, -4^>^o'n«n  Surdorum,  Sur- 
domu'titas,  Beaf-dumbness,  (F.)  Surdimutite. 
Speechlessness  from  deafness;  congenital,  or  pro- 
duced during  infancy.  The  subjects  of  this  affec- 
tion are  called  deaf-dumh,  (F.)  Sotirds-muefs. 

MUTITE,  Mutitas. 


MUTO 


615 


MYLO-HYOlDEUS 


MUTO,  Penis. 

MUTONIATUS,  Membrosus. 

3IUTTERK0RX,  Ergot. 
.  MUTTON  TEA.  Prepared  from  a  pound  of 
mutton,  freed  from  the  fat  and  cut  into  thin  slices  ; 
and  a  pint  and  a  half  of  boiling  soft  icatev  poured 
over  them,  as  in  the  case  of  beef  tea;  except  that 
it  requires  to  be  boiled  for  half  an  hour  after  the 
maceration,  before  it  is  strained  through  a  sieve. 

MUTUNXUS,  Priapus. 

MYACANTHA,  Ruscus. 

MYALGIA,  Cramp. 

MYASTHENI'A,  from  /luf,  'a  muscle,'  and 
aa^ivcKt,  '  debility.'     Muscular  debility. 

MYCE,  Occlusion. 

MYCES,  Fungus. 

MYCHMUS,  Suspirium. 

MYCHTHISMUS,  Moaning,  Suspirium. 

MYCODERM'A.  My'codenn;  from  ^uki??,  'a 
mushroom,' and  Scpi^a,  'skin.'  A  crj'ptogamous 
growth,  which  constitutes  the  crusts  of  favus. 
See  Porrigo  favosa. 

Mtcoderma  Cerevisi^,  Torula  cerevisias. 

Mycoderma  Plic^,  Trichomaph'yton.  A  cryp- 
togamoTis  "growth,  said  to  be  the  essence  of  Plica. 
.     MYCODERMITIS,  Mucitis. 
'     MYCODES,  Fungoid. 

MYCODIARRHCEA.  see  Diarrhoea. 

MYCODYSENTERIA,  see  Dysentery. 
.MYCOPHTHISIS,  see  Bronchorrhcea. 

MYCORTHOPNCE'A ;  from  ,ivKog,  'mucus,' 
and  opOonvoia,  '  difficulty  of  breathing  except 
when  in  the  erect  attitude.'  Orthopnoea  from 
excessive  secretion  of  mucus  in  the  air-passages 
—  Orthopnce'a  pituito'sa. 

MYCOSIS,  Fungus. 

MYCTERES,  Myxte,  Xares. 

MYCTEROPHONIA,  Rhinophonia. 

MYCTEEOXE'ROTES,  Mycteroxero'sis,  from 
liVKTripes,  '  the  nares,'  and  ^rjpoT-ns,  '  dryness.' 
Na'rium  sic'citas.  Dryness  of  the  interior  of  the 
nose. 

MYCUS,  Mucus. 

MYDE'SIS,  from  iiv&aw,  'I  abound  with  mois- 
ture,' 'I  am  putrid.'  Moisture.  In  its  most 
general  sense,  it  means  corruption.  By  some,  it 
is  used  for  a  mucous  discharge  from  inflamed 
eyelids. 

MYDOIST,  iivi<ov.  Same  etymon.  Fungous  or 
putrid  flesh  in  certain  fistulous  ulcers. — Pollux. 
Also,  flesh  putrid  from  mouldiness. 

MYDRI'ASIS,  Plafyeor'ia,  Platycori'asis, 
Amydri'asis.  A  name  given  by  several  writers 
to  morbid  dilatation  of  the  pupil;  and,  by  others, 
to  weakness  of  sight,  produced  by  hydrophthal- 
mia,  or  superabundance  of  humours,  from  yi-uios, 
'  moisture.' 

MYDRIAT'ICUS,  Mydriat'io.  Relating  to  or 
causing  dilatation  of  the  pupil. — Pereira. 

MYELAL'GIA;  from  fivcXog,  'the  spinal  mar- 
row,' and  a^yoit  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  spinal  mar- 
row. 

MYELANALOSIS,  Tabes  dorsalis. 

MYELAPOPLEXIA,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

MYELATELI'A ;  from  nvc'Xo;,  '  the  spinal 
marrow,'  and  arcXzia,  (a,  privative,  and  reXos, 
'end,')  'want  of  end  or  finish.'  Incompleteness 
of  the  spinal  marrow. 

MYELATROPHIA,  Tabes  dorsalis. 
MYELITE,  Myelitis. 

MYELI'TIS,  J/,  pareiio^ymato'sa  seu  spwa'lis, 
Inflamma'tio  medid'lcB  spnna'Us,  Sjn'ni'tis,  Spi)io- 
dorsi'tis,  KotomyeJi'tis,  RoxhiomyeW tis,  Rachial- 
gi'tis  (of  some),  (F.)  Myelite,  Inflammation  de  la 
moelle  epini^re,  1.  rachidienne,  from  //ucAoj,- '  the 
marrow,'  and  itin,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  spinal  marrow  or  its  mem- 
branes ; — indicated  by  deep-seated  burning  pain 
in  the  spine,  with  various  nervous  and  vascular 


irregularities  of  function.  It  is  not  common. 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall  proposes  to  call  inflammation 
of  the  membranes  of  the  brain  Meningitis;  that 
of  the  substance  of  the  brain  Myelitis. 

Myelitis  Petechialis,  Meningitis,  cerebro- 
spinal—  m.  Spinalis,  Myelitis  —  m.  Exsudativa, 
Hydrorachis — m.  Parenchymatosa,  Myelitis.  ' 

MYELOCHYSIS,  Hydrorachis. 

MY'ELOCYTES,  from  [xvekog,  'marrow,'  and 
KVTog,  a  mass,  body  or  cell.  Granules  of  the 
brain.     Nuclei  of  the  cells  of  the  gray  substance. 

MYELOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera  (sporadic). 

MY'ELOifD,  Myeloi'des,  Myelo'des;  from  fivc- 
Xof,  'marrow,' and  ei&o;,  'resemblance.'  Marrow- 
like. 

Myeloid  Tumor,  Fibroplastic  tumour.  A  sar- 
comatous tumour,  the  more  characteristic  consti- 
tuents of  which  are  —  peculiar  many-nucleated 
corpuscles,  which  have  been  recognised  as  con- 
stituents of  the  marrow  and  diploe  of  bones,  es- 
pecially in  the  foetus,  and  in  early  life. — Paget. 

MYELOMA,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELOMALACIA.Mollities  medulla  spinalis. 

MYELOMENINGITIS,  Meningitis,  spinal. 

MYELOMYCES,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELOX,  Medulla  spinalis. 

MYELOPARALYSIS,  Paraplegia. 

MYELOPHTHISIS,  Tabes  dorsalis— m.  Sicca, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

MYELOPHY'MATA,  Tuber'cula  meduUm  spi- 
na'lis,  from  fivtXog,  'marrow,'  and  (pvfia,  'a  tuber- 
cle.'    Tubercles  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

3IYEL0PLAXE,  from  fivtXog,  'marrow,'  and 
TrAaf,  'a  plate  or  lamella.'  Plates  or  lamellas 
with  numerous  nuclei  in  the  marrow  of  bones. — 
Robin. 

MYELORRHAGIA,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

MYELOSPONGUS,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELUS,  Marrow,  Medulla  spinalis  — m.  Di- 
auchenius.  Medulla  spinalis  —  m.  Dorsites,  Me- 
dulla spinalis  —  m.  Notions,  Medulla  spinalis  — 
m.  Psoites,  Medulla  spinalis. 

MYENERGI'A,  from  fivg,  'a,  muscle,'  ev,  and 
Cfiyov,  'work.'     Muscular  strength. 

MYGMUS,  Suspirium. 

MYIOCEPHALUM,  Staphyloma. 

MYIODOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

MYITIS,  Myositis,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

MYLABRIS  CICHORII,  see  Cantharis  — m. 
Punctata,  see  Cantharis — m.  Pustulata,  see  Can- 
tharis. 

MYLACEPH'ALUS,  from  ^ivXr,,  'a  mole,'  .-i, 
privative,  and  KefpaXrj,  'head.'  A  monster  with 
only  traces  of  viscera,  and  without  head  or  ex- 
tremities. 

MYLACRI,  Molar  teeth. 

MYLACRIS,  Patella. 

MYLE,  Patella,  Mole. 

MYLICUS,  Molar. 

MYLO,  in  comjiosition,  from  ixvXr;,  'the  jaw.' 
Relating  or  belonging  to  the  jaw. 

MYLODI,  Molar  teeth. 

MYLODONTES,  Molar  teeth. 

MYLO-GLOSSUS,  from  mylo,,  and  yXuo-co, 
'the  tongue.'  Winslow  has  given  this  name  to 
muscular  fibres,  which  pass  from  the  posterior 
part  of  the  myloid  line  of  the  lower  jaw,  and 
from  the  sides  of  the  base  of  the  tongue  to  the 
parietes  of  the  pharynx.  These  fibres  belong  to 
the  constrictor  superior  pharyngis. 

MYLO-HYOID  LINE,  see  Mylo-hyoideus. 

Mylo-Hyoid  Furrow  or  Groove.  A  furrow 
which  passes  from  the  superior  orifice  of  the  in- 
ferior dental  canal  of  the  lower  jaw  in  the  same 
direction  as  the  canal,  and  lodges  the  mylo-hyoid. 
nerve,  a  branch  of  the  inferior-dental. 

Mylo-Hyoid  Nerve,  see  Mylo-hyoid  furrow. 

MYLO-HYOIDEUS,  from  mylo,  and  'vozih,u 
'the  OS  hyoides.'     Myluo'dts,  (F.)  3Jylu-hyoidien. 


MYLO-PHARYNGEUS 


616 


MYEICA  ASPLENIFOLIA 


The  Mylo-pJiaryngeus  of  Morgagni  and  Santorini. 
This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  upper  and  anterior 
part  of  the  neck,  hehind  the  lower  jaw.  It  is 
broad,  flat,  and  has  the  form  of  a  truncated  tri- 
angle. It  arises  from  the  internal  oblique,  inter- 
nal maxillary  or  mylo-hyoid  line  of  the  lower  jaw 
bone,  and  is  inserted  at  the  fore  part  of  the  body 
of  the  OS  hyoides.  Its  innermost  fibres  unite  with 
those  of  the  opposite  side  to  form  a  raphe  on  the 
median  line.  The  mylo-hyoideus  raises  the  os 
hyoides  and  carries  it  forward,  or  it  depresses  the 
lower  jaw. 

MYLO-PHARYNGEUS,  Constrictor  pharyn- 
gis,  Mylo-hyoideus. 

MYLUODES,  Mylo-hyoideus. 
MYO,  in  composition,  from  fivwv,  's,  muscle.' 
Appertaining  or  relating  to  a  muscle. 
MYOCARDITIS.  Carditis. 
MYOCEPHALI'TIS,  ifyi'tis  cepTial'ica ;  from 
myo,  KtipaK-n,  'head,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  muscles  of  the  head. 
MYOCEPHALON,  Staphyloma. 
MYOCQiLIAL'GIA,  from  myo,  KoiXia,  'abdo- 
men,' and  a\ys.ix>,  'I  sufi'er.'     Pain  in  the  muscles 
of  the  abdomen. 

MYOC(ELI'TIS,  iTyocoelii'tis,  Jnflamma'tio 
musculo'rum  ahdoviina'lium,  from  myo,  kolKio, 
'lower  belly,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  muscles  of  the  abdomen. 
MYODEOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 
MYO'DES,  from  myo,  and  ti6o5,  'resemblance.' 
Like  unto  muscle.     Muscular. 

MYODESOPIA,  Metamorphopsia. 
MYODESOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 
MYODYNA'MIA,  Vis  muscula'ria;  from  myo, 
apd  Bwams,  'power.'     The  force  or  power  of  a 
muscle. 

MYODYNAMICS,  see  Muscular  contraction. 
MYODYNAMIOMETER,  Dynamometer. 
MYODYNAMOMETER,  Dynamometer. 
MYODYN'IA,    from   myo,    and   obwri,    'pain.' 
Pain    in    the  muscles, —  rheumatismal  or  other. 
Rheumatism. 

Myodynia  iNFLAMMAToniA,  Myositis. 
MYOG'RAPHY,  Myogra'phia,  from  myo,  and 
ypa(puv,  'to  describe.'    An  anatomical  description 
of  the  muscles. 

MYOID,  Ilyo'i'des,  from  fivg,  'muscle,'  and 
£i6o{,  'resemblance.'  An  epithet  given  to  tu- 
mours composed  of  fibre  cells  or  muscular  fibres 
of  organic  life. 

MYOLEM'MA,  Ifyole' ma,  from  myo,  and  Xc/iiia, 
'a  coat.'  The  membranous  tube  of  each  muscu- 
lar fibre.  It  has  also  the  same  signification  as 
Sarcolenuna. 

MY'OLINE,  from  ixvu)v,  'a  muscle.'  A  name 
given  by  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  to  a  transparent 
substance  that  fills  the  cells,  which,  he  conceives, 
by  their  juxtaposition  form  the  ultimate  muscular 
fibril. 

MYOL'OGY,   Myolocf"ia,   Sarcolog'ia,  Mysiol- 
og"ia,  from  myo,  and  Xoyog,  '  a  discourse.'     That 
part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  muscles. 
MYON,  Muscle. 

MYONARCO'SIS,  from  myo,  and  vaf.Kr,,  'stu- 
por.'    Numbness  of  the  muscles. 
MYONITIS,  Myositis. 

MYON'OSUS,  Ifyonn'sus,  Myopathi'a,  from 
myo,  and  voaog,  'disease.'  A  disease  of  the 
muscles. 

MYOPALMUS,  Subsultus  tendinum. 
MYOPARALYSIS,  see  Paralysis. 
MYOPATHIA,  Myonosus. 
MYOPE,  Myops. 

MYOPHO'NIA,  from  myo,  and  (pavv,  'voice.' 
The  sound  of  muscular  contraction,  —  as  that  of 
the  ventricles  of  the  heart,  during  the  systole  of 
that  organ. 

MYO'PIA,    Myopi'asis,  Luscios'itas,    Myo'sis, 


Parop'sis  propin'qua,  Amblyo'pia  dissito'rum, 
Dyso'pia  dissito'rum,  Dyspho'tia,  Visus  ju'venum, 
from  nvd),  'I  close,'  or  from  ixvg,  'a  mouse,'  and 
tiiip,  'the  eye;'  My'opy,  Short-sightedness,  Near- 
sightedness, Mouse-sight,  Purhlindness,  (F.)  Yue 
courte,  V.  basse.  Persons  who  can  only  see 
objects  very  near.  The  defect  is  owing  to  the 
too  great  convexity  of  the  eye,  or  too  great  den- 
sity of  the  humours,  and  is  palliated  by  wearing 
concave  glasses. 

MYOP'IC,  3Iyop'icxis;  same  etymon.  Short- 
sighted, Porehlind,  Purblind,  Spiirblind.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  myopia. 

MYOPODIORTHO'TICON,  from  /iww^,  'one 
that  is  short-sighted,'  and  iiop^iariKov,  'having 
power  to  correct.'  An  apparatus  for  the  cure  of 
short-sightedness. — A.  A.  Berthold. 

MYOPS,  Zucio'sus,  3Iyo'pus,  Ily'ope.  Same 
etymon.  One  affected  with  myopia  or  short- 
sightedness. 

MYOPY,  Myopia. 

MYORRHEX'IS,  from  myo,  and  pjyfiy,  'rup- 
ture.'    Rupture  of  a  muscle. 

MYOSARCO'MA,  from  nvoiv,  'a  muscle,'  and 
sarcoma.  A  sarcomatous  tumour  in  which  muscu- 
lar fibres  are  found. 

MYO'SIS,  from  //dm,  'I  close.'  Ilicrocor'ia. 
Smallness  of  the  pupil.  Phthi'sis  2^'"P'llla'ris. 
Permanent  contraction  of  the  pupil.  Itis  usually 
caused  by  iritis,  and  is  extremely  difiicult  to  cure. 
When  it  exists  to  such  an  extent  as  to  obliterate 
the  pupil,  it  is  called  Synizesis.  Also,  Myopia. 
31 YO SITE,  Myositis. 

MYOSIT'IC,  3fyosit'ieue,  from  3fyosis.  Causing 
contraction  of  the  pupil, — as  opium. — Pereira. 

MYOSI'TIS,  3fyi'tis,  3Iysi'tis,  3Iyoni'tis,  Sar- 
ci'tis,  Pheumatis'mns  p>Megmono'des,  Jfyodyn'ia 
inflammato'ria,  Phlegma'sia  myo'ica,  Injiamraatio 
seu  Phleg'mone  3Iusculo'rum,  (F.)  3fyosite,  In- 
flammation des  muscles,  from  nvmv,  '  a  muscle.' 
A  name  proposed  by  Sagar  for  inflammation  of 
the  muscles.     Also,  Rheumatism. 

MYOSOTIS,  Hieracium  pilosella,  Rheumatism, 
Rheumatism,  acute. 

MYOSPASMUS,  Cramp. 

MYOTIL'ITY,  3fyotil'itas,  (F.)  3ryotilite,  from 
ixvuiv,  '  a  muscle.'  Muscular  contractility.  — 
Chaussier. 

MYOT'OMY,  3fyotom'ia,  from  myo,  and  refiveiv, 
'to  cut.'  The  part  of  practical  anatomy  which 
treats  of  the  dissection  of  the  muscles.  Also, 
the  surgical  operation  of  the  division  of  muscles 
to  remove  deformity. 
MYOTYRBE,  Chorea. 

MYRAC'OPUM,  from  iJivpov,  'an  ointment,'  a, 
'privative,'  and  Kozog,  'fatigue.'  An  ointment 
used  by  the  ancients  in  cases  of  fatigue.  ^ 
MYREPSUS,  Unguentarius. 
MYR'IAGRAMME,  from  //upia,  '10,000,'  and 
ypafijxa,  'gramme.'  A  weight  equal  to  10,000 
grammes,  or  to  26  pounds,  9  ounces,  and  6 
drachms  Troy. 

MYRIAMETRE.  A  measure  of  10,000  me- 
tres; equal  to  16  miles,  1  furlong,  156  yards,  and 
14  inches. 

MYRICA  ASPLENIFOLIA,  Comptonia  as- 
plenifolia  —  m.  Cerifera,  see  Cera  flava  et  alba, 
and  Wax,  myrtle. 

Myri'ca  Gale,  3T.  palus'tris,  3Iyrtus  Braban'- 
fica  seu  Ang'b'ca,  3fyrtlfo'lia  Bel'gica,  Qale, 
Gagel,  Phus  sylves'tris,  Ac'aron,  Elffxig'mts,  E. 
Cordo,  ChamcBlmag'mts,  Dodona'a,  Dutch  myrtle, 
Sweet  gale,  Sweet  willow,  Candleberry  myrtle, 
(Sc.)  Scotch  gale,  (F.)  Piment  Royal,  The  de  Si- 
mon Pauli,  Gale  odorant.  Ord.  Myricacese.  Sex. 
Syst.  Dioecia  Tetrandria.  The  leaves,  flowers, 
and  seeds  have  a  strong,  fragrant  smell,  and  a 
bitter  taste.    They  are  used  for  destroying  moths 


MYRINGA 


617 


MTRTODES 


and  cutaneous  insects.  The  infusion  is  given  in- 
ternally as  a  stomachic  and  vermifuge. 

Myrica  Palustris,  M.  Gale. 

MYRIXGA,  see  Tympanum. 

MYRIXGI'TIS,  Inflamina'tio  tym'pani,  from 
3fyrinrja,  'the  membrana  tympani;'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  mem- 
brana tympani;  and,  also,  of  the  tympanum. 

3IYRINX,  see  Tympanum. 

MYRIS,  /(upif,  Jfyrothe'ce,  NartJie'cia,  Kar- 
the'cium,  Narthex,  from  jivpoi;  'a  perfumed  oil  or 
ointment.'     A  perfumed  oil  jar  or  ointment  box. 

MYRIS'TICA,  3L  JJoscha'ta  seu  aromat'ica 
seu  qfficina'lin  sen/ragrans,  Comacon.  Nat.  Ofd, 
Myristioefe.  The  tree  which  produces  the  nut- 
meg and  mace.  (F.)  Jluscadier.  The  Nutmeg, 
3fyn'stica,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  3Iyris't!cm  seu  Jfyn's'ticcs 
moschn' tcB  nu'cleus,  Nux  moscha'ta  seu  unguenta'- 
ria,  Nucis'ta,  Nux  myris'tica  seu  aromat'ica, 
Chrysohal'anua  Oale'ni,  Unguenta'ria,  As'sala, 
(F.)  3fuscade,  is  the  seed  or  kernel.  It  hag  a 
fragrant,  aromatic  odour;  an  agreeable  pungent 
taste,  and  is  much  used  for  culinary  purposes. 
Alcohol  extracts  its  active  matter.  It  has  the 
properties  of  aromatics  in  general ;  being  stimu- 
lant and  stomachic.  The  oil — O'leum  myris'lica 
seu  nucist'ce  cBthor'eum  —  possesses  the  virtues  of 
the  nutmeg.  Dose  of  the  nutmeg,  gr.  v.  to  ^j ; 
— of  the  oil  gtt.  iij  to  gtt.  vj. 

Mace,  Glacis,  Maces,  FJorea  maci.t  seu  ma'cidos, 
(F.)  Fleura  de  rnuaeade,  is  the  involucrum  of  the 
fruit.  It  is  membranous,  with  the  odour  and 
taste  of  the  nutmeg,  and  is  possessed  of  similar 
qualities.  The  O'leum  macis  seu  ma'cidis  is  a 
fragrant,  sebaceous  substance,  expressed  in  the 
East  Indies.  It  is  only  used  externally.  It  is 
the  AdepH  niyria'ticcB,  Myris'ticcB  o'leum  express'- 
um,  O'leum  seu  Bal'samum  tiucis'ta,  Butler  of 
nutmeqs,  Express' ed  oil  of  Mace, 

MYRISTIC^  NUCLEUS,  see  Myristica  mos- 

MYRTSTICATIO  HEPATIS,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

MYRMECIA,  Formica. 

MYRMECIASIS,  Gonvulsio  cerealis.  Formi- 
cation. 

MY'RMECIASMUS,  Gonvulsio  cerealis,  For- 
mication. 

MYRMECISMUS,  Gonvulsio  cerealis.  Formi- 
cation. 

MYRMECIZOy,  Formicant. 

MYRMECOSIS,  Gonvulsio  cerealis.  Formica- 
tion. 

MYRMEX,  Formica. 

MYROBAL'AXUS,  from  ixvpov,  'an  ointment,' 
and  /JaXavof,  'a  nut;'  so  called,  because  formerly 
used  in  ointment;  Angeloc'acos,  3[yro'holan,  Glaus 
iingnenta'ria,  Palma  unguentario'rnm.  A  dried 
Indian  fruit,  of  the  plum  kind,  of  different  species 
of  Terraina'Ua.  Ord,  Combretaceas.  Of  this  there 
are  several  varieties — the  31.  Bellir'ica  or  Belliric 
myrohalan,  Bellegu,  Bellerigi,  Belnileg : — the  31. 
cheb'ula  or  Chebule  myroh'alan  ;  the  3[.  eit'rina 
or  Yellow  myrohalan,  Ara'ra;  the  31.  Em' Mica 
or  emhlic  myrohalan,  and  the  31.  Tn'diea,  As'uar, 
Indian  or  Black  myrohalan.  All  the  myrobalans 
have  an  unpleasant,  bitterish,  very  austere  taste  ; 
and  strike  an  inky  blackness  with  a  solution  of 
steel.  They  are  said  to  possess  laxative  as  well 
as  astringent  properties. 

3!YR0LES,  see  Olea  volatilia. 

MYROX,  Myrum,  Unguentum. 

MYROPISSbCE'ROX.  A  topical  application 
in  alopeci.a,  referred  to  by  Galen ;  from  fivpov, 
'ointment,'  naara,  'pitch,'  and  xrjpos,  'wax.' 

MYROPCEUS,  Unguentarius. 

MYROPOLES,  Apotheoarv.  Unguentarius. 

MYROSPERMUM  FRUTESCEXS,  Myroxy- 
Inm  Peruiferum— m.  Peruiferum,  see  Myroxylon 
Peruiferum  —  m.  of  Sonsonate,   see  Myroxylon 


Peruiferum — m.  Toluiferum,  see  Toluifera  Ealsa- 
mum. 

MYROXYLOX,  see  M.  Peruiferum. 

Myrox'tlon  PertjIP'erum,  31yro8perm'um 
frutee' cens  seu  Peruiferum,  Quinquina,  from  tiv- 
pov,  'an  ointment,'  and  fuAov,  wood;'  Cahurei'ha. 
Nat.  Ord.  Leguminosse.  Supposed  to  be  the  tree 
which  affords  the  Peru'vian  balsam,  Bal'samum 
Peruvia'num  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Perua'num,  Puizo- 
chill,  3Iyrox'yli  Peruiferi  bal'samum,  3Iyrox'ylon, 
Cabureiciba,  Indian,  3Iexican,  or  American  bal- 
sam, (F.)  Baume  de  Perou  ou  des  Indes.  This 
I  balsam  consists  of  benzoic  acid,  resin,  and  essen- 
tial oil.  Its  odour  is  fragrant  and  aromatic ;  taste 
hot  and  bitter :  it  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  mis- 
cible  in  water  by  the  aid  of  mucilage.  It  is 
stimulant  and  tonic,  and  considered  to  be  expecto- 
rant :  as  such,  it  has  been  employed  in  paralysis, 
chronic  asthma,  chronic  bronchitis  and  rheuma- 
tism, gleet,  leucorrhoea,  &c.,  and  externally,  for 
cleansing  and  stimulating  foul  indolent  ulcers. 
Dose  gtt.  V  to  gtt.  XXX. 

White  Balsam  of  Peru,  Natural  balsam,  Bal'- 
samum album,  Styrax  alba,  Balsamelmon,  is  ob- 
tained by  incision  from  Myrospermum  peruif- 
erum. 

The  Myroxylon  of  Sonsonate  in  Gentral 
America  —  3Iyrospermum  Pereira  of  Dr.  Royle, 
has  been  supposed  to  furnish  balsam  of  Peru. 

Mtroxylox  op  Sonsonate,  see  M.  Peruiferum 
— m.  Toluiferum,  Toluifera  Balsamum. 

MYRRHA,  Heb.  10 ;  Bola,  Stacte,  Ergas'ma, 
3Iyrr}i,  Calo'nia,  Smyrna,  3Iyrrha  rubra,  (F.) 
3Iyrrhe.  The  exudation,  /ivpov,  of  an  unknown 
plant  of  Abyssinia  or  Arabia  Felix,  said  to  be  the 
Balsamaden' dron  myrrha.  This  gum-resin  has  a 
fragrant,  peculiar  odour ;  and  bitter  aromatic 
taste.  It  is  in  reddish-yellow,  light,  brittle,  irre- 
gular tears ;  partially  soluble  in  distilled  water 
when  aided  by  friction.  S.  G.  1-.360.  It  is  stimu- 
lant; and  has  been  used  in  cachectic  afi^ections, 
humoral  asthma,  chronic  bronchitis,  <tc.  Dose, 
gr.  X.  to  5J. 

Myrrha  Imperfecta,  Bdellium. 

MYRRHINE,  Myrtus. 

MYRRHIS  AXNUA,  Athamanta  Cretensis  — 
m.  Major,  Ghferophyllum  odoratum — m.  Odorata, 
Ghaerophvllum  odoratum. 

MYRSIXA  AFRIGAXA,  Tatzg. 

MYRSINE,  Myrtus. 

M1^RSIXEL^"'0X,  from  pivpaivr,,  'the  myrtle,' 
and  eXaiov,  'oil.'     Oil  of  myrtle.— Dioscorides. 

MYRSIXI'TES,  nvpaiviTT,?.  Wine  in  which 
branches  of  myrtle  have  been  macerated. 

MYRTACANTHA,  Ruscus. 

3IYRTE  C03I3IUN,  Myrtus. 

Ml'^RTID'AXON,  jivpn^avov.  An  excrescence, 
growing  on  the  trunk  of  the  myrtle,  and  used  as 
an  astringent.  With  Hippocrates,  either  the  myr- 
tus caryophyllata  or  myrtus  pimenta.  [?]  Also,  a 
wine  —  Yinurn  3Iyrtid'anum  —  made  from  wild 
myrtle  berries. 

MYRTIFOLIA  BELGICA,  Myrica  gale. 

MYR'TIFORM,  3Iyrtiform'is,  3hjrto'des.  from 

myrtus,  'a  myrtle,'  and  forma,  'shape.'     Having 

the  shape  of  a  leaf  of  myrtle.     A  name  given  to 

a  muscle  (depressor  alse  nasi),  to  the  fossa  inci- 

'  siva;  and  to  certain  caruncles,  &c. 

MYRTIFORMIS,  Compressor  naris,  Depressor 
al<E  nasi. 

MYRTI'TES,  from  fivprov,  the  '  myrtle  berry.' 

A  name  given  to  a  medicine  prepared  with  honey 

and  myrtle  berries. 

[I      MYTlTLE,  Myrtus — m.  Berry,  Vaccinium  myr- 

•  tillus — m.  Candleberry,  Myrica  gale — m.  Dutch, 

I  Mvrica  sale — m.  Wild,  Ruscus. 

I  MYRTOCHEILIDES,  Nymphse. 
,|      MYRTOCHILA.  Nymph£B. 

II  MYRTODES,  Myrtiform. 


MYRTON 


618 


N^VUS 


MYRTON,  Clitoris. 

MYRTUS,  Myr'tus  conunu'nis  seu  communis 
Ital'ica,  livprog,  Myrsi'ne,  Myrrhi'ne,  The  Myrtle, 
(F.)  ilyrte  Commim.  Ord.  Myrtacese.  The  berries 
of  this  plant  have  been  recommended  in  alvine 
and  uterine  fluxes  and  other  disorders  of  relaxa- 
tion and  debility.  They  are  moderately  astrin- 
gent and  somewhat  aromatic. 

Myrtus  Anglica,  Myrica  gale  —  m.  Braban- 
tica,  Myrica  gale. 

Mtrtus  Cartophtlla'ta,  Oalyptran'tJies  ca- 
ryophylla'ta,  Cassia  seu  CaneVla  caryophyllata, 
(F.)  Capelet,  Cannelle  giroflee.  The  tree  which 
is  considered  to  afford  the  Clove  bark ;  Cortex 
caryo]}hylla'tu8  sen  caryophyllata.  This  bark  is  a 
•warm  aromatic ;  resembling  clove  with  an  ad- 
mixture of  cinnamon.  It  may  be  used  with  the 
same  views  as  cloves  or  cinnamon. 

Myrtcs  Caryophyllus,  Eugenia  caryophyl- 
lata— m.  Leucodendron,  Melaleuca  cajaputi. 

Myrtijs  Pimen'ta,  Euge'nia  Pimen'ta.  The 
tree  which  bears  the  Jamaica  2}ep23er,  Pimen'tm 
hacccB,  Pimento  berries,  Pimento,  Piper  caryophyl- 
la'tum  seu  chia'pm  seu  odora'tum.  Jamaieense  seu 
Jamaicense  seu  tabaa'cnm,  Coc'culi  Indi  aromat'ici, 
Amo'mnm  pimenta,  Fructus  pimenti,  Carive,  Ca- 
-yophyl'lns  Ameriea'nus  seu  Pimen'ta,  Allspice, 
(F.)  Poivre  de  Jamaique,  Toute  epice,  Assourou. 
The  unripe  berries — Pimenta  (Ph.  U.  S.) — have 
an  aromatic  odour  ;  resembling  a  mixture  of  cin- 
namon, nutmeg,  and  cloves  ;  the  taste  is  pungent, 
but  mixed,  like  the  odour.  Like  other  peppers, 
this  is  stimulant  and  carminative.  The  oil  — 
O'leum  Pimen'tm — possesses  the  virtues  of  the 
berries.  The  powdered  fruit  has  been  called 
Quatre  epices  or  Four  spices.  Dose,  gr.  v.  to  ^ij. 
Aqua  Pimen'ta,  Pimento  wafer,  is  officinal  in  the 
London,  Edinburgh,  and  Dublin  Pharmacopoeias. 
It  is  carminative.     Dose,  f,f  j  or  f  §ij. 

MYRUM,  3Iyron,  fivpov.  A  perfumed  oil  or 
ointment.  A  liquid  perfume.  The  spontaneously 
exuding  juice  of  many  plants,  especially  of  that 
from  which  myrrh  is  obtained. 


MYS,  Muscle. 
MYSIOLOGIA,  Myology. 
MYSITIS,  Myositis. 

MYSTAX,  Mastax,  /xwra^,  fivaTa^os.  The  hair 
growing  on  each  side  of  the  upper  lip  in  men. 
The  mustache  or  mustachio,  (Old  Eng.)  3Iun- 
chat'oe,  (P.)  Moustache.     Also,  the  upper  lip. 

MYSTE'RION,  ixixr-rnpiov,  'a,  mystery.'  An 
arcanum,  nostrum,  or  secret  preparation  in  gene- 
ral. Also,  an  antidote  referred  to  by  Galen  and 
others. 

MYSTRON,  ixvarpov.  A  Greek  measure,  which 
held  about  three  drachms. 

MYT'ILUS  EDU'LIS.  The  common  mussel, 
(F.)  Moule.  A  bivalve,  the  flesh  of  which,  when 
at  all  in  a  state  of  decomposition,  is  highly  poi- 
sonous. When  fresh,  it  is  an  agreeable,  but  not 
very  digestible  article  of  diet,  producing,  in  some 
persons,  all  the  symptoms  of  urticaria.  One 
affected  with  such  phenomena  is  said,  occasionally, 
to  be  mus' selled. 

MYU'RUS,  Meiu'rus.  A  pulse  is  so  called 
when  it  sinks  progressively  and  becomes  smaller 
and  smaller  like  a  rat's  tail ;  from  //uf,  '  rat,' 
and  ovpa,  'tail.'  Pulsus  myuriis  recip'rocus,  a 
pulse,  which,  after  having  become  gradually 
weaker  resumes,  by  degreess,  its  former  cha- 
racter. 

MYXA,  Mucus,  Sebestina. 
MYXM,  Mycteres. 
MYXIOSIS,  Gonorrhoea  impura. 
MYXODES,  Muciform. 

MYXOR'RHOOS,  nv^oppoos,  from  jxv^a,  '  mu- 
cus,' and  peo),  'I  flow.'  One  who  is  subject  to 
mucous  discharge.  Applied  to  an  infant,  that 
discharges  a  considerable  quantity  of  mucus  and 
saliva. 

MYXOSARCO'MA,   from  ixv^a,  'mucus,'  and 
aap^,  aapKOi,  'flesh.'     A  tumour  which  is  mueo- 
carneous  ;  partly  mucous  and  partly  fleshy. 
MYXOTER,  Nasus. 
MYZESIS,  Sucking. 


IS". 


N.  This  letter,  in  prescriptions,  is  an  abridg- 
ment of  Numero,  '  by  number.' 

NAB'ALUS  ALBUS,  Prenan'thes  alba  seu 
serpenta'ria.  White  Lettuce,  Lion's  Foot,  Battle- 
snake's  3Iaster,  Rattlesn  ake  root,  Gall  of  the  Earth, 
from  va(i\a,  'a  harp,'  owing  to  the  lyrate  leaves. 
An  indigenous  plant,  of  the  order  Compositse, 
which,  with  several  other  species  of  the  genus,  is 
reputed  to  possess  the  power  of  curing  the  bites 
of  serpents.    The  root  has  been  used  in  dysentery. 

Nabalus  Fraseri  has  similar  properties. 

KABOT,  Saccharum  candidum. 

NABO'THI  GLAN'DTJL^,  O'vuJa  seu  Ova 
NabotJii  seu  Nabothia'na,  Ova'rium  Nabothi,  Fol- 
li'ctdi  rotun'di  et  oblon'gi,  Vesic'ulcp.  seu  Bidlm 
rotun'dcB  cervi'cis  u'teri,  V.  semina' les  mulie'rum, 
Cor'pora  seu  Corpus'cula  gluho'sa,  Glandules  seu 
Mydat'ides  cervi'cis  uteri.  Glands  of  Naboth. 
Small,  mucous  crypts  or  follicles  situate  in  the 
interstices  of  the  duplicatures  of  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  cervix  uteri.  Naboth,  from  noticing 
them  in  a  morbid  condition,  mistook  them  for 
ova;  and  hence  they  received  the  name  Ovula 
Nahothi. 

NACRA,  Nakra,  Nasa.  A  kind  of  influenza 
common  in  the  East  Indies. 


NACRE,  Margaritaceous. 

NACREOUS,  Margaritaceous. 

N^VI,  see  Nsevus — n.  Pigmentary,  see  Naevus. 

Nj3?VUS,  Plural  NcBvi ;  N(pvus  mafer'nns  seu 
Sigil'lum,  Nota  mater'na.  Nevus,  3lac'ul(B  matri'- 
eis  seu  mater'na  seu  matrica'les,  Notes  infan'tum, 
Lupus  varico'sus,  Stig'mata,  dietrocel'ides,  Con- 
gen'ita  nota,  3/other's  or  Fancy  marks,  3[other's 
spots,  (F.)  Envie,  Tache  de  Naissance.  Spots  of 
various  kinds  on  the  skin  of  children  when  born, 
which  have  been  attributed  to  the  influence  of  the 
maternal  imagination  on  the  foetus  in  utero. 
They  are  of  various  appearances,  some  much 
better  supplied  with  blood  than  others.  Some 
are  merely  superficial  or  stain-like  spots,  Pig- 
men'tary  navi ;  others  are  prominent,  Vascular, 
tumours,  and  often  have  long,  irregular  hairs 
growing  from  them.  These  have  usually  been 
called  3foles,  Spili,  Spilo'ma,  Epichro'ses  spilt, 
(fee.  The  red,  rosy,  violet  or  bluish  spots  are 
called  by  I.  G.  St.  Hilaire,  Taches  Sanguines ;  — 
those  of  an  intermediate  hue,  between  the  normal 
colour  and  black,  Taches  melaniennes.  See  Te- 
langiectasia. 

When  naevi  are  superficial,  without  any  dispo- 
sition to  enlarge    or   spread,    they  need   not  be 


NAFDA 


619  NAPLES,  (CLIMATE  OF) 


meddled  with :  but  all  those  that  partake  of  the 
character  of  aneurism  by  anastomosis  had  better 
be  removed,  where  practicable. 
Njet0S  Sigillum,  Ntevus. 
NAFDA,  Naphtha. 

NAIL,  Sax.  naesl,  (G.)  Nagel,  Unguis,  Onyx, 
(F.)  Ongle.  A  whitish  transparent  substance, 
similar  to  horn,  which  covers  the  dorsal  extremity 
of  the  fingers.  Three  portions  are  distinguished 
in  it;  the  extremity,  which  is  free,  at  the  end  of 
the  finger ; — the  body  or  middle  portion  adherent 
by  its  inner  surface ;  and  the  root,  Radix  sen 
Matrix  unguis,  In'timum  unguis,  (F.)  Matrice  de 
I'ongle.  The  last  presents  two  distinct  parts ;  the 
one,  terminated  by  a  thin,  serrated  edge,  is  buried 
in  a  duplicature  of  the  skin,  Vallec'ida  unguis, 
which  acts  the  part  of  a  nail-follicle  /  the  other, 
called  Lu'mda  seu  Semilu'mda  seu  Sele'ne  seu 
Arcus  seu  Exor'tus  seu  Anat'ole  seu  Albe'do  un'- 
guiura,  is  whitish  and  of  a  semilunar  shape,  and 
is  situate  above  the  part  where  the  epidermis  ter- 
minates. The  nails  are  composed  of  a  horny 
tissue,  of  the  same  nature  as  that  which  forms 
the  hoofs,  horns,  and  scales  of  different  animals. 
When  the  nail  has  been  torn  off,  the  papillte  of 
the  skin  become  covered  by  a  soft,  whitish  lamina, 
whose  consistence  gradually  augments.  New 
laminae  are  then  formed  underneath,  and  give  the 
nail  the  thickness  it  ought  to  possess.  The 
corneous  substance,  being  thus  constantly  pro- 
duced at  the  extremity  of  each  of  these  laminae, 
the  whole  of  the  nail  is  pushed  forwards,  and  it 
would  grow  indefinitely,  were  it  not  cut  or  worn 
by  friction. 

The  nails  protect  and  support  the  extremities 
of  the  fingers  against  the  impression  of  hard 
bodies.  They  are,  also,  useful  in  laying  hold  of 
small  bodies ;  and  dividing  those  that  have  but 
little  consistence. 

NAIL-FOLLICLE,  see  Nail. 
NAIL  SPRING,  Hangnail, 
NAIN,  Nanus. 

NAISSANOE,  see  Parturition. 
NAKRA,  Nacra. 
NANGNAIL,  Hangnail. 
NANISME,  see  Nanus 
NANNARI,  Hemidesmus  Indicus. 
NANNYBERRY,  Viburnum  lentago. 
NANOCEPHALIA.  see  Nanocephalus. 
NANOCEPH'ALUS,  from  vavos,  'a  dwarf,'  and 
KE4)a\v, '  head.'    One  of  a  monstrous  state — Nano- 
cepha'lia — in  which  the  whole  head  or  certain  of 
its  parts  are  too  small,  whilst  the  trunk  and  ex- 
tremities are  normal. 

NANOCORMIA,  see  Nanocormus. 
NANOCOR'MUS,  from  vavo;,  'a  dwarf,' and 
Kopfio;,  'a  trunk.'     One  of  a  monstrous  condition 
— Nanocormia — in  which  the  trunk  is  too  small, 
whilst  the  head  possesses  its  normal  size. 
NANOMELIA,  see  Nanomelus. 
NANOM'ELUS,   from   vavo;,  'a   dwarf,'   and 
jjieXog,  'a.  limb.'     One  of  a  monstrous  condition  — 
Jfanomelia — in  which  some  part  of  an  extremity 
is  too  small,  and  the  whole  limb  too  short. 

NANOSO'MIA,    from    vavos,   <a.   dwarf,'   and 
(rwfia,  '  body.'     Microso'mia.    Dwarf 'iaJiness,  (F.) 
Nanisme.     A  state  in  which  the  entire  body  with 
all  its  parts  is  smaller  than  common. 
NANOSOMUS,  Nanus. 

NANUS,  vavos,  Pumil'io,  Pu'milo,  Pusil'lus,  'a 
dwarf:'  Nanoso'mus,  (Prov.)  Orut,  Rope  Spin- 
nick,  (Sc.)  Croil,  Crok,  Bearch,  Berch,  Droich, 
Wratacl:  (Pu'milus,  Pumi'lius,' dy/ar&sh.')  (F.) 
Nain.  One  who  is  much  below  the  usual  stature. 
The  term  is  applicable  to  all  organized  beings 
from  man  to  the  vegetable.  Trees  have  their 
dwarfs,  as  the  human  species  have  theirs.  Some 
•  curious  authenticated  instances  of  human  dwarfs 
are  on  record.     Bebe,  the  dwarf  of  Stanislaus, 


king  of  Poland,  was  33  inches  (French)  long, 
and  well  proportioned.  The  Polish  nobleman, 
Borwlaski,  who  was  well  made,  clever,  and  a 
good  linguist,  measured  28  Paris  inches.  He  had 
a  brother,  34  inches  high,  and  a  sister  21.  A 
Friesland  peasant,  at  26  years  of  age,  had  at- 
tained 29  Amsterdam  inches.  C.  H.  Stciberin, 
of  Niirnberg,  was  under  three  feet  high  at  20, 
yet  he  was  well  proportioned  and  possessed  of 
talents.  General  Tom  Thumb,  so  called,  was 
seen  by  the  Author  in  1847.  He  was  said  to  be 
15  years  old;  measured  28  inches  in  height,  and 
when  weighed  at  the  mint  was  found  to  weigh 
20  pounds  and  2  ounces.  Two  remarkable  In- 
dian dwarfs  were  exhibited  in  the  United  States 
and  in  Europe,  about  the  middle  of  the  19th  cen- 
tury, under  the  name  of  'Aztec  children,'  —  the 
boy,  from  7  to  8  years  of  age,  was  33J  inches  in 
height,  and  weighed  20g  pounds  : — the  girl,  from 
4  to  6  years  of  age,  was  29i  inches  high,  and 
weighed  17  pounds.  They  were  very  deficient 
in  intellect.     See  Pygmy. 

NAPE  OF  THE  NECK,  Nucha. 
NAPELLUS  VERUS,  Aconitum  napellus. 
NAPH^  FLORES,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 
NAPHTHA,  Acetone. 

Naphtha,  va(pSa,  Nafda,  Napta,  Napto'Uus, 
O'leum  petrcB  album;  (F.)  Naphte ;  from  a  Chal- 
daic  and  Syriac  word  signifying  bitumen.  A 
bituminous  substance,  found  in  Persia,  Calabria, 
Sicily,  &c.  It  is  liquid,  limpid,  of  a  yellowish- 
white  colour,  a  smell  slightly  resembling  that  of 
oil  of  turpentine,  and  lighter  than  water.  It  re- 
sembles petroleum  in  its  properties,  and  has  beer 
chiefly  used  as  an  external  application  ;  although 
occasionally,  as  an  anthelmintic,  and  in  inhala 
tion  in  phthisis  pulmonalis.     Also,  Mtlnav. 

Naphtha  Aceti,  ^ther  aceticus — n.  Coal  Tar, 
Light,  see  Anaisthetic  —  n.  Sulphurica,  iEthor 
sulphuricus  —  n.  Vitrioli,  iEther  sulphuricus  — n. 
Vitriol!  camphorata,  Tinctura  setherea  campho- 
rata  —  n.  Vitrioli  martialis,  Tinctura  seu  Alcohol, 
sulphurico-Eethereus  ferri — n.  Wood,  Acetone. 

NAPH'THALINE,  Najjhthali'na,  Naph' thalin. 
When  coal  tar  is  subjected  to  distillation,  naph- 
thaline passes  over  after  coal  naphtha.  It  is  a 
white,  shining,  concrete,  crystalline  substance, 
fusible  at  176°  and  boiling  at  423°.  It  is  soluble 
in  alcohol,  ether,  naphtha  and  the  oils,  but  inso- 
luble in  water.  It  has  been  used  as  an  excitant 
expectorant,  in  the  dose  of  8  to  30  grains,  in 
emulsion  or  syrup,  and  repeated.  It  has  also 
been  used  as  an  anthelmintic;  and,  when  made 
into  an  ointment,  in  psoriasis,  lepra  vulgaris,  &c. 
NA'PIFORM,  Napjiform' is,  Bu'nioid,  Bunio'i'- 
des,  from  napiis,  'a  turnip,'  and  forma,  'shape.' 
An  epithet  for  a  form  of  scirrhous  tumour  whose 
cut  surface  presents  concentric  lines  resembling 
those  seen  in  the  interior  of  a  turnip. 
NAPIUM,  Lapsana,  Sinapis. 
NAPLES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  climate  of 
Naples  in  its  general  characters  resembles  that 
of  Nice,  but  it  is  more  changeable:  the  sirocco 
too,  which  is  little  known  in  Nice,  is  severely  felt 
at  Naples.  It  is  not  a  good  residence  for  the 
phthisical  invalid:  Sir  James  Clark,  indeed,  con- 
siders it  altogether  unsuitable. 

Naples,  Mineral  Wateks  of.  In  the  Quarter 
Santa  Lucia,  near  the  coast,  is  a  cold  spring,  rich 
in  sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  carbonic  acid.  It 
is  much  used  as  an  aperient  tonic,  and  in  cutane- 
ous affections. 

Naples  Water,  Factit"ious,  Aqua  Neapoli- 
ta'na  seu  acid'ula  hydrosidphura'ta,  (F.)  Eau  de 
Naples.  (Acidulous  water,  containing  four  times 
its  bulk  of  carbonic  acid,  §xv,  and  ^iij  ;  hydro, 
sulphuretted  wetter,  ^ix;  carbonate  of  soda,  gr. 
viij  ;  carbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  x.   M.    Ph.  P.) 


NAPTA 


620 


NASAL 


NAPTA,  Nanus,  Nata. 

NAPTALIUS,  Nanus. 

NAPUS,  Sinapis  —  n.  Leucosinapis,  Sinapis 
alba — n.  Sylvestris,  Brassica  napus. 

NAPY,  Sinapis. 

NARCAPHTE,  Thymiama. 

NARCAPH'THON,  Nascaph'thon.  The  bark 
of  an  aromatic  tree  formerly  brought  from  India. 
By  some,  supposed  to  be  that  of  the  tree  which 
affords  the  olibanum.  It  was  used  in  fumigation, 
in  diseases  of  the  lungs.    See  Lacaphthon. 

NARCE,  Narcosis. 

NARCEMA,  Narcosis. 

NARCESIS,  Narcosis. 

NAROISSE  D'AUTOMNE,  Colchieum  au- 
tumnale  —  n.  Faux,  Narcissus   pseudo-narcissus 

—  M.  dea  Pre8,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus  —  n. 
Sauvage,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

NARCIS'SUS  PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS,  N. 
festa'lia  seu  glaucus  seu  grandijlo'rus  seu  Tiis- 
jian'icus  seu  major  seu  serra'tue  seu  aylves'tris, 
Balhoco'dium,  Pseudo-narcissus,  Daffodil,  (Old 
Eng.)  Aff'udil,  Belle-Blome,  (Prov.)  Affrodile, 
Bellfiower,  Butter  and  Eggs,  Lent-rose.  Ord. 
Amaryliidaee£e.  (F.)  Narcisse  sauvage,  Narcisse 
des  pres,  Faux  narcisse,  Porrillon,  Aiault,  Zou- 
sinette,  Jeannette.  The  root  is  emetic  and  cathar- 
tic, in  the  dose  of  ^^ij-  The  flowers  are  antispas- 
modic.    Dose,  24  grains. 

NARCODES,  Narcotized, 

NARCO'SIS,  Nar'cotism,  Narce,  Narca, 
Narce'ma,  Narce'sis,  from  vapKoo),  'I  benumb.' 
Torpe'do,  Torpor,  Stupor,  Stupefac' tio .  The  ag- 
gregate effects  produced  by  narcotic  substances. 
At  times,  narcotism  is  confined  to  a  state  of  more 
or  less  profound  stupor  ;  and  constitutes,  in  cer- 
tain cases,  a  useful  remedial  condition  ;  at  others, 
it  is  a  true  poisoning,  characterized  by  vertigo, 
nausea,  a  state  of  intoxication  or  apoplexy,  con- 
stant delirium,  convulsive  motions,  &c.  Emetics 
in  strong  doses,  and  not  much  diluted  with  wa- 
ter ;  purgatives  and  glysters  are  the  first  means 
to  be  used  in  this  condition.  The  stupor  may 
afterwards  be  combated  by  the  use  of  exciting 
and  stimulating  drinks. 

Narcosis  Folliculo'rum.  A  state  of  the 
scalp,  which  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  conceives  to 
be  dependent  upon  torpid  action  of  the  hair  fol- 
licles, and  in  which  the  scalp  and  hair  are  found 
covered  with  a  yellowish,  dirtj'-looking  powder, 
composed  of  an  admixture  of  granular  particles 
and  furfuraceous  scales. 

NARCOSPAS'MUS,  from  vapKr,,  'stupor,'  and 
anaayio?,  '  spasm.'     Stupor  combined  with  spasm. 

NARCOTIA,  Narcotine. 

NARCOTIC  POISON,  see  Poison. 

NARCOTICO-ACRID,  see  Poison. 

NARCOT'ICS,  Narcot'ica,  Oarot'ica,  Ohstu- 
pefacien'tia,  Stupefacien'tia,  Stupefa'eients,  (F.) 
Stupe/actifs,  Stupejiants.  Same  etymon.  Sub- 
stances, which  have  the  property  of  stupefying; 

—  as  opium,  stramonium,  hyoscyamus,  bella- 
donna, &c.  They  are  used  in  medicine  as 
soothing  agents  ;  exerting  their  special  influence 
on  the  brain  and  tubular  matter  of  the  spinal 
marrow.  In  small  doses,  as  a  general  rule, 
narcotics  stimulate ;  in  large,  they  act  as  seda- 
tives. The  following  is  a  list  of  the  chief  narco- 
tics : —  Aconitum,  ^therea.  Belladonna,  Cam- 
phora.  Cannabis,  Conium,  Digitalis,  Humulus, 
Hyoscyamus,  Lactucarium,  Opium  and  Morphia, 
Stramonii  Folia,  Stramonii  Semina,  Mental  Nar- 
cotics, (Appropriate  Music,  Monotonous  sounds, 
or  any  succession  of  monotonous  impressions.) 

NAR'COTINE,  Narcoti'na,  Narcot'ia,  Narco- 
tin,  Anareoti'na,  Opia'num ;  same  etymon;  (F.) 
Sel  de  Derosne  ou  d'opium,  Opiane,  Principe 
cry  stall!  zahle  de  Derosne.  A  solid,  white,  inodo- 
rous, and  insipid  substance  ;  by  some  considered 


to  be  alkaloid ;  by  others  neuter ;  crystallizable 
in  straight  prisms  with  a  rhomboidal  base;  fusi- 
ble like  the  fats;  soluble  in  boiling  alcohol  and 
ether,  and  scarcely  soluble  in  water.  Narcotine 
produces  all  the  unpleasant  effects  of  opium  ;  but, 
at  the  same  time,  throws  the  animal  into  a  state 
of  stupor.  It  is  not  used  in  medicine,  on  account 
of  these  objections.  The  salts,  which  are  very 
bitter,  have  been  used  successfully  in  India  for 
the  cure  of  intermittents. 

NARCOTISM,  Narcosis. 

NAR'COTIZED,  Tor'pidus,  Narco'des.  Af- 
fected with  stupor,  as  from  the  use  of  a  narcotic. 

NARD,  CELTIC,  Valeriana  Celtica  — n.  In- 
diea,  Nardus  Indica — )!.  Indien,  Nardus  Indiea — 
n.  Indique,  Nardus  Indica — n.  Petit,  Aralia  nudi- 
caulis — n.  Sauvage,  Asarum. 

NARDOSTACHYS  JATAMANSI,  Nardus  In- 
dica— n.  Patrinia,  Nardus  Indica. 

NARDUM  GALLICUM,  Valeriana  Celtica. 

NARDUS  AMERICANUS,  Aralia  nudicaulis 
— n.  Celtica,  Valeriana  Celtica — n.  Celtica  altera, 
Arnica  montana — n.  Montana,  Asarum. 

Nahdus  In'dica,  Spica,  nardi  seu  In'diea,  An- 
dropo'gon  nardus  seu  citriodo'riis,  Ord.  Grami- 
neas  [?],  or  Nardos'tachys  seu  Valeria'na  seu  Pa- 
frin'ia  Jataman'si,  Valeria'na  spica  ;  Order,  Va- 
lerianacese  :  Indian  nard,  Spikenard.  The  root 
of  this  plant  is  one  of  the  ingredients  in  the 
mithridate  and  theriaca.  It  is  moderately  warm^ 
and  pungent,  and  has  a  flavour  by  no  means  dis- 
agreeable. It  is  used  by  the  Orientals  as  a  spice: 
—  (F.)  Nard  Indien  ou  Indique.  An  ointment 
was  formerly  used,  called  Unguen'tum  nardi'nuvi. 
It  was  prepared  of  Nard,  Ilalahathrum  leaves, 
Oil  of  loorms,  Cosfus,  Ainomum,  llyrrh,  &c.,  and 
was  used  as  a  detergent. 

Nardus  Rustica,  Asarum. 

NARES,  Rhines,  Oav'itas  seu  Cavum  seu 
Ca'vea  seu  Caver'na  na'rium,  Nasus  inter'iius, 
Ifycte'res,  Na'rium  ad'itus,  Ocheteu'mata,  The 
nostrils,  (Prov.)  Snirrels,  Snurles,  (F.)  Narines. 
Two  elliptical  apertures,  situate  beneath  the  nose, 
and  separated  from  each  other  by  the  cartila- 
ginous septum  seu  colum'nn  nasi.  These  aper- 
tures are  continually  open,  and  give  passage  to 
the  air  we  breathe,  and  to  the  mucous  fluids  se- 
creted in  the  nasal  fossae. 

Nares  Interna,  Nasal  fossa3. 

Nares  Posterior,  Nares  postre'mcB,  Extre'- 
mcB  nares,  Os'tia  posterio'ra  seu  Choa'ncs  na'- 
rium, Na'rium  Ex'itus,  (F.)  Arrieres  narines,  Ou- 
vertures  posterieures  des  fosses  nasales,  are  the 
posterior  apertures  of  the  nasal  cavities,  which 
establish  a  communication  between  those  cavities 
and  the  pharynx.  They  are  bounded,  above,  by 
the  body  of  the  sphenoid  bone;  below,  by  the 
palate  bone,  and  the  base  of  the  velum  pendu- 
lum ;  and,  on  the  outside,  by  the  internal  ala  of 
the  pterygoid  process.  They  are  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  septum,  of  which  the  vomer  is 
the  bony  part. 

NARIFUSO'RIA,  from  nares,  'the  nostrils,' 
and  funderc,  fusxim,  '  to  pour.'  Medicine  dropt 
into  the  nostrils. 

NARINES,  Nares, 

NARIUM  ADITUS,  Nares— n.  Siccitas,  Myc- 
teroxerotes. 

NARROW  CHEST,  see  Lordosis. 

NARTHECIA,  Formulary,  Mvris. 

NARTHECIUM,  Formulary,  Myris. 

NARTHEX,  Formulary,  Myris,  Splint  — n. 
Asafoetida,  see  Asafoetida. 

NASA,  Nacra,  Nata. 

NASAL,  Nasa'lis,  from  nasus,  'the  nose.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  nose. 

Nasal  Artert.  This  is  the  largest  of  the  two 
branches  in  which  the  ophthalmic  artery  termi- 
nates.   It  issues  from  the  orbit,  above  the  tendon 


NASAL 


621 


NASO-PALATINE 


of  fhe  orbicularis  palpebrarum,  passes  above  the 
side  of  the  root  of  the  nose,  and  anastomoses  with 
the  last  extremity  of  the  facial.  Haller  gave  the 
name  nasal  to  the  spheno-palatine.  He  also 
called  the  dorsales  nasi,  furnished  by  the  exter- 
nal maxillary,  Nasa'les  latera'les. 

Nasal  Bones,  Ossa  nasi  seu  nasa'Ua,  Ossic'- 
ula  nasi,  Ossa  maxil'lce  supeHo'ris  quarta  seu 
quinta  seu  secun'da,  (F.)  Os  nasaux,  Os  propres 
da  nez.  These  bones  are  situate  beneath  the 
nasal  notch  of  the  os  frontis,  and  occupy  the 
space  between  the  nasal  or  angular  processes  of 
the  superior  maxillary  bone.  Their  shape  is 
nearly  quadrilateral.  They  have  an  external  or 
cutaneous  surface,  an  internal  or  nasal,  and  four 
margins.  Each  is  articulated  with  its  fellow, 
with  the  OS  frontis,  ethmoid,  and  superior  maxil- 
lary bones.     They  ossify  from  a  single  point. 

Nasal  Car'tilage,  Cartila'go  triangula' ris 
Nasi.  A  cartilage  formed  of  three  portions, 
which  unite  at  the  dorsum  nasi,  and  are  distin- 
guished into  the  cartilage  of  the  septum,  and  the 
lateral  cartilages.  This  cartilage  is  continuous, 
above,  with  the  ossa  nasi,  and,  inferiorly,  with 
membranous  fibro-cartilages,  which  form  the  sup- 
ple and  movable  part  of  the  nostrils.  They  are 
two  in  number — the  one  before,  the  other  behind. 

Nasal  Duct,  Lachrymal  duct  —  n.  Eminence, 
Mesophryon. 

Nasal  Foss^,  Cavi  na'rium,  Nares  inter'nm. 
Two  large,  anfractuous  cavities,  situate  between 
the  orbits  below  the  cranium,  and  lined  by 
the  pituitary  or  Schneiderian  membrane.  These 
cavities  have  no  communication  with  each  other; 
but  the  various  sinuses  in  the  neighbouring  bones 
—  the  ethmoidal,  sphenoidal,  superior  maxillary, 
etc.  —  all  communicate  with  them.  The  general 
cavity  of  each  nostril  is  divided  by  the  ossa  spon- 
giosa  into  three  meatus  or  passages,  which  run 
from  before  backwards.  1.  The  Meatus  narium 
supe'rior,  placed  at  the  upper,  inner,  and  back 
part  of  the  superior  spongy  bone.  2.  The  J/ea- 
tus  me'dius,  situate  between  the  superior  and  in- 
ferior spongy  bones ;  and  3.  The  Meatus  infe'- 
rior,  situate  between  the  inferior  spongy  bone 
and  the  bottom  of  the  nose.  The  Schneide- 
rian membrane  receives  the  first  pair  of  nerves, 
and  various  branches  from  the  fifth  pair.  The 
arteries  are  furnished  by  the  branches  of  the  in- 
ternal maxillary,  known  under  the  names  of 
spheno-palatine,  infra-orbitar,  superior  alveolar, 
palatine,  pterygo-palatine  ;  by  the  supra-orbitar, 
and  ethmoidal  branches  of  the  ophthalmic  artery; 
by  the  internal  carotid,  superior  labial,  and  dor- 
sales  nasi.  Its  veins  are  little  known,  and  gene- 
rally follow  the  course  of  the  arteries.  The  lym- 
phatics are  almost  unknown.  The  nasal  fossae 
are  the  seat  of  smell;  they  aid,  also,  in  respiration 
and  phonation. 

Nasal  Meatus,  see  Nasal  fossse. 

Nasal  Mucus,  llucus  na'rium,  PKlegma  na'- 
rium crassum,  ^fucor  seu  Pitui'ta  seu  Blenna  seu 
Lympha  muculen'ta  na'rium,  Apomyx'ia,  vulgarly 
called  Snot,  Snob,  Snoth,  (F.)  Morve,  is  the  mucus 
secreted  by  the  Schneiderian  membrane. 

Nasal  Nerve,  Naso-palpehral  (Ch.),  Naso- 
oculaJris  fScimmering),  Naso-cilia'ris.  One  of 
the  three  branches  of  the  ophthalmic  nerve  of 
Willis.  It  enters  the  orbit  by  the  sphenoidal  fis- 
sure, passes  along  the  inner  paries  of  that  cavity, 
and  divides,  opposite  the  internal  and  anterior 
orbitar  foramen,  into  two  branches.  1.  The  in- 
ternal axiA  posterior,  which  passes  into  the  Fora- 
men orbitarium  internum  anterius,  enters  the  cra- 
nium beneath  the  dura  mater,  and  passes  into  the 
nasal  fossse,  through  an  aperture  at  the  side  of 
the  Crista  galli.  It  afterwards  divides  into  seve- 
ral filaments  :  one  of  them  —  the  Naao-lobar,  of 


Chaussier  —  is  very  small,  and  descends  on  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  os  nasi,  and  ramifies  on 
the  integuments  of  the  ala  nasi.  A  second  ter- 
minates near  the  septum;  others  descend  along 
the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fossse.  2.  The  other 
is  external  and  anterior,  ixn&  is  called  the  external 
nasal  nerve.  It  is  distributed  to  the  outside  of 
the  orbit.  Before  dividing,  the  nasal  nerve  com- 
municates with  the  ophthalmic  ganglion,  and 
gives  off  two  or  three  ciliary  nerves.  Sommer- 
ing  has  given  the  name  Posterior  Nasal  Nervea 
to  the  nerves  which  arise  from  the  internal  part 
of  the  spheno-palatine  ganglion. 

Nasal  Notch,  (F.)  Eclumcrure  nasale.  A 
semicircular  notch,  situate  between  the  nasal 
prominence  of  the  frontal  bone,  and  articulated 
with  the  nasal  bones  and  the  nasal  processes  of 
the  superior  maxillary  bones. 

Nasal  Peocess,  Maxillary  bone,  superior. 

Nasal  Proii'inexce,  (F.)  Basse  nasale.  A 
prominence,  situate  on  the  median  line,  at  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  os  frontis,  between  the  two 
superciliary  arches. 

Nasal  Region,  Re'gio  nasa'Us.  The  region 
of  the  nose. 

Nasal  Spines.     These  are  three  in  number. 

1.  The  Supe'rior  nasal  spine  of  the  os  frontis, 
occupying  the  middle  of  its  nasal  notch,  and  ar- 
ticulated before  with  the  nasal  bones,  behind 
with  the  ethmoid.  2.  The  infe'rior  and  ante'rior 
nasal  spine,  situate  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  an- 
terior opening  of  the  nasal  fossEe.  It  is  formed 
by  the  two  superior  maxillary  bones;  and  3.  The 
infe'rior  and  poste'rior  nasal  spine,  JEpine  guttu- 
rale  (Ch.),  a  process,  formed  on  the  median  line 
by  the  two  palate  bones  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  palatine  arch. 

NASALE,  Errhine. 

NASALIS,  Compressor  naris. 

Nasa'lis  La'bii  Superio'bis.  a  small  mus- 
cular slip,  which  runs  up  from  the  middle  of  the 
orbicularis  and  the  lip  to  the  tip  of  the  nose.  It 
lies  exactly  in  the  furrow,  and  is  occasionally  a 
levator  of  the  upper  lip,  or  a  depressor  of  the  tip 
of  the  nose. 

NASAS,  Nata. 

NASATUS,  Membrosus. 

NAS'CALE.  A  kind  of  pessary,  made  of  wool, 
or  cotton,  which  was  formerly  introduced  into 
the  vagina,  after  being  impregnated  with  oil, 
ointment,  or  some  other  proper  medicament. 

NASCAPHTHON,  Narearphthon. 

NASDA,  Nata. 

NASI,  see  Oryza. 

NASITAS,  Rhinophonia. 

NASITIS,  Rhinitis — n.  Postiea,  Angina nasalis. 

NASO,  Nasu'tus,  from  nasus,  'the  nose.'  One 
who  has  a  long  nose.  In  composition,  appertain- 
ing or  relating  to  the  nose. 

NASOCILIARIS  (Nervus),  Nasal  nerve. 

NASO-LA'BIAL,  Naso-labia'lis ;  from  naso, 
and  labium,  'a  lip.'  Relating  to  the  nose  and 
lip. 

Naso-Laeial  LrsE.  A  line  or  furrow,  which 
separates  the  lip  from  the  cheek,  and  commences 
at  the  ala  nasi. 

NASO-LABIA'LIS.  A  muscular  fasciculus 
described  by  Albinus,  which  arises  from  the  an- 
terior extremity  of  the  septum  nasi,  and  termi- 
nates in  the  orbicularis  oris. 

NASO-PAL'ATINE,  Naso-palati'mw.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  nose  and  velum  palati. 

Naso-Palatine  Ganglion  is  situate  in  the 
foramen  palatinum  anterius.  Its  greater  extre- 
mity receives  the  two  naso-palatine  brancbes; 


naso-palp£bral 


622 


NAUSIOSIS 


whilst  the  smaller  gives  off  two  or  three  fila- 
ments, which  reach  the  palatine  vault,  where 
they  ramify  on  the  membrane  of  the  same  name, 
anastomosing  with  filaments  of  the  great  palatine 
nerve. 

Naso-Pai-atine  Nerve,  Nerve  of  Cotun'nins, 
is  furnished  by  the  spheno-palatine,  which  pro- 
ceeds from  the  ganglion  of  Meckel.  It  traverses 
the  vault  of  the  nasal  fossas,  and  proceeds  upon 
the  septum  between  the  two  layers  of  the  pituitary 
membrane.  It  enters  the  anterior  palatine  canal, 
and  terminates  at  the  superior  angles  of  the  naso- 
palatine ganglion,  without  attaining  the  mouth. 

NASO-PALPJBBRAL,  Orbicularis  palpebra- 
rum. 

NASTA,  Nata. 

NASTURTIUM  AMPHIBIUM,  see  Sisyni- 
brium  —  n.  Aquaticum,  Cardamine  pratensis,  Si- 
symbrium nasturtium — n.  Bursa  pastoris,  Thlaspi 
bursa — n.  Hortense,  Lepidium  sativum — n.  Indi- 
cum,  Tropaeolum  majus — n.  Officinale,  Sisymbri- 
um nasturtium — n.  Palustre,  see  Sisymbrium — n. 
Peruvianum,  Tropaeolum  majus  —  n.  Pratense, 
Cardamine  pratensis — n.  Sativum,  Lepidium  sa- 
tivum. 

NASUM  DILATANS,  Pyramidalis  nasi. 
NASUS,  Nose,  Bhin,  Phis,  Or'ganon  olfac- 
t&s  seu  odora'tils  seu  olfaeto'rium,  Promonto'- 
Hum  faciei,  Myxo'ter,  Emnncto'rium  cer'ebri, 
Snout,  (Sc.)  Neis,  Neg,  (F.)  Nez.  The  nose  is  a 
pyramidal  eminence,  situate  above  the  anterior 
apertures  of  the  nasal  fossas,  which  it  covers  ; 
and,  consequently,  occupying  the  middle  and 
upper  part  of  the  face,  between  the  forehead  and 
upper  lip,  the  orbits  and  the  cheeks.  Its  lateral 
surfaces  form,  by  uniting  angularly,  a  more  or 
less  prominent  line,  called  Dorsum  seu  Bhachis 
seu  Spina  Nasi,  (F.)  Dos  du  nez.  This  line  ter- 
minates, anteriorly,  by  the  lohe, — Lob'rdus.  The 
sides  are  called  AIcb  Nasi,  Pinna  Naris,  (F.) 
Ailes  du  nez.  The  columna  is  the  inferior  part 
of  the  partition.  Its  apex  or  tip  has  been  called 
Glob'idus  nasi. 

The  chief  varieties  of  the  nose  are  the  aq'uiline, 
the  flat  nose,  (F.)  Nez  camarot  ou  ipate,  and  the 
snub  nose,  (F.)  Nez  retroussi.  The  nose  is  formed, 
besides  its  bones,  of  fibro-cartilage,  cartilage,  mus- 
cles, vessels,  and  nerves ;  and  its  use  seems  to  be  to 
direct  odours  to  the  upper  part  of  the  nasal  fossae. 
Nasus  iNTERNtrs,  Nares. 
NASUTUS,  Naso. 

NATA,    Natta,    Nasa,   Nasda,  Nasta,   Nasas, 
Napfa.     A  fleshy,  indolent  excrescence,  having 
the  shape  of  the  nates. 
NATARON,  Natron. 

NATA'TION,  Nata'tio,  from  natare,  natatum, 
itself  from  nare,  'to  swim.'  Swimming.  The 
action  of  swimming,  or  of  supporting  one's  self, 
or  moving  upon  the  water.  Swimming  resem- 
bles the  horizontal  leap  in  its  physiology  —  the 
medium  being  water  instead  of  air.  The  diflFer- 
ence  between  the  specific  gravity  of  the  human 
body  and  that  of  water  is  not  great ;  so  that  but 
little  exertion  is  required  to  keep  a  part  of  the 
body  above  water.  Swimming  is  a  healthy  gym- 
nastic exercise,  combining  the  advantages  of 
bathing. 

NATES,  Ephed'rana,  Sea'phia,  Podex,  Chines, 
Glntoi,  Gluti,  Glu'tia,  Sedi'lia,  Pyge,  IfoncB, 
Bottom,  Backside,  Poste'riors,  Buttocks,  (Prov.) 
Tout,  (Sc.)  Doup,  DotBp,  Dolp,  Droddum,  Hur- 
dies,  Lendis,  &c.,  (F.)  Fesses.  Two  round  pro- 
jections, at  the  inferior  and  posterior  part  of  the 
trunk,  on  which  we  sit.  Amongst  the  mamma- 
lia, man  alone  has  the  nates  prominent  and  round. 
They  are  formed  chiefly  by  the  skin,  and  a  thick 
layer  of  areolar  tissue,  which  covers  the  three 
glutasi  muscles. 


Nates  Cerebri,  Quadrigemina  corpora — n.  et 
Testes,  Quadrigemina  corpora. 

NATRIUM,  Sodium. 

NATROCREN^,  Natropegae, 

NATRON,  Natrum,  Nat'aron,  Nitrum,  Ana- 
trum,  Aphronitruni,  from  Natron,  a  lake  in  Judaea. 
A  saline  compound,  very  abundant  in  Egypt, 
which  is  almost  wholly  formed  of  subcaibunate 
of  soda. 

NATRONIUM,  Sodium. 

NATROPE'G^,  Nafroere'ncB,  from  natron, 
and  TrvyV)  '  a  spring.'     Soda  springs. 

NATRUM,  Natron  —  n.  Chloratum  liquidum. 
Liquor  sodaj  chlorinatas — n.  Muriaticum,  Soda, 
muriate  of — n.  Muriatum,  Soda,  muriate  of — n. 
Prseparatum,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — n.  Tartari- 
zatum.  Soda,  tartrate  of — n.  Vitriolatum,  Soda, 
sulphate  of — n.  Nitricum,  Soda,  nitrate  of — n. 
Oxymuriaticum,  Soda,  chloride  of — n.  Oxyphos- 
phorodes,  Soda,  phosphate  of — n.  Sulphuricum, 
Soda,  sulphate  of. 

NATTA,  Nata. 

NATUL^,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

NATU'RA,  from  nasci,  'to  be  born  or  arise.' 
Physis.     Nature.     Also,  the  genital  organs. 

Natu'ra  Morbi.  The  essence  or  condition  of 
a  disease. 

NATURAL  PARTS,  Genital  organs. 

NATURALIA,  Genital  organs. 

NA'TURISM,  Nat'uralism.  A  view  which 
attributes  every  thing  to  nature,  as  a  sage,  pre- 
scient, and  sanative  entity. — Nysten.  See  Ex- 
pectation. 

NA'TURIST.  A  physician  who  scrupulously 
investigates,  interprets,  and  follows  the  indica- 
tions presented  by  nature  in  the  treatment  of 
disease. 

NAU'CLEA  GAMBIR,  Unca'ria  gambir.  A 
plant  of  the  Nat.  Order,  Rubiaceae,  native  of 
the  Malayan  Peninsula  and  Indian  Archipelago, 
which  yields  large  quantities  of  the  kind  of 
Catechu  known  by  the  names  Terra  Japon'ica 
and  Square  Catechu,  and  which,  in  Indian  com- 
merce, is  called  Gambier  or  Gambir.  It  is  a 
powerful  astringent,  much  used  in  tanning,  and 
in  medicine.     See  Catechu. 

NAU'SEA,  Nau'sia,  Nausi'asis,  Nausio'sis, 
Nau'tia,  Queas'iness,  Squeas'iness,  (F.)  Nausee, 
Envie  de  vomir ;  from  vavs,  navis,  'a  ship;'  be- 
cause those  unaccustomed  to  sailing  are  so  af- 
fected.    Sickness.     Inclination  to  vomit. 

Nausea,  Kreat'ic,  (Kpea;,  Kpearo;,  'flesh.')  The 
sickness  and  vomiting,  excited,  in  some  nervous 
patients,  By  the  smallest  portion  of  animal  food. 
Nausea  Mari'na,  Morbus  nau'tictis,  Vom'itits 
navigan'tium  seu  mari'nus.  Sea-sickness,  (F.)  Mai 
de  mer.  The  sickness,  vomiting,  &c.,  experienced 
at  sea  by  those  unaccustomed  to  a  sea-life  ;  and 
from  which  those  who  are  accustomed  are  not 
always  exempt.  It  generally  ceases  when  the 
person  becomes  habituated  to  the  motion  of  the 
vessel,  and  not  till  then. 

NAUSEABOND,  Nauseant. 
NAU'SEANT,  Nau'seans,  (F.)  NausSabond, 
Nauseeux.  An  agent  that  excites  nausea,  which 
is  a  state  of  diminished  action.  Nauseants  are, 
hence,  valuable  remedies  in  diseases  of  excite- 
ment. 

NAUSIA,  Nausea. 
NAUSIASIS,  Nausea. 

NAUSIO'SIS.  This  word,  besides  being  sy- 
nonymous with  nausea,  has  been  used  to  express 
the  state  of  venous  hemorrhage,  when  blood  is 
discharged  by  jets. 


NAUTIA 


623 


NEEDLE 


NAUTIA,  Nausea. 

NAVEL,  Umbilicus — n.  String,  Funiculus  um- 
bilicalis — n.  Wort,  Cotyledon  umbilicus — n.  Wort, 
Venus's,  Cotyledon  umbilicus. 

NAVET,  Brassica  rapa — n.  da  Biable,  Bryo- 
nia alba — ».  Galant,  Bryonia  alba. 

NA  VETTE,  Brassica  rapa. 

NAVICULAR,  Navicula'rk,  Navifor'mis,  (P.) 
Naviculaire,  from  navicula,  'a  little  ship.' 

Navtc'ulak  Fossa,  Fossa  Namcula'ris  sen 
Svn/ihoi'des,  Navic'ida,  Scaph'ida.  See  Scaphoid. 
This  name  has  been  given,  1.  To  a  small  depres- 
sion between  the  entrance  of  the  vagina  and  the 
posterior  commissure  of  the  labia  major  or  four- 
chette.  2.  To  a  perceptible  dilatation,  presented 
by  the  urethra  in  man,  near  the  base  of  the 
glans.  3.  To  the  superficial  depression  which 
separates  the  two  roots  of  the  helix.  This  is  also 
called  Scapha. 

NAVICULARS  OS,  Scaphoides  os. 

NAVIFORMIS,  Navicular. 

NAVIS,  Vulva. 

NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS,  Myopia. 

NEARTHRO'SIS,  from  vtoj,  'young  qf  new,' 
and  ap^pov,  "a  joint.'    A  new  joint. 

NEBLE,  Nipple. 

NEB'ULA,  Niihes,  Nubec'ula,  Neplios,  vt(pt\ri, 
Neph'ele,  Nephe'lion,  Visus  nehulo'sns,  (P.)  Nuage, 
Ombrage.  A  slight  speck  on  the  cornea.  A  mist 
or  cloud  suspended  in  the  urine.     See  Caligo. 

NEBULOUS,  Nepheloid. 

NECESSARY,  Necessa'rius,  [tie,  and  cessare.) 
The  Necessaries  of  Life,  VitcB  necessita'tea,  (F.) 
Besoina  de  la  vie,  include  every  thing  requisite 
for  the  maintenance  of  life,  and  particularly  food. 

NECK,  Collum — n.  Derbyshire,  Bronchocele. 

Neck  of  the  Foot,  Instep. 

Neck,  Swelled,  Bronchocele — n.  Stiff,  Torti- 
collis— n.  Wry,  Torticollis. 

NECKLACE,  AN'ODYNE,  (F.)  Collier  anodin. 
These  are  formed  of  the  roots  of  hyoscyamus. 
Job's  tears,  allspice  steeped  in  brandy,  or  the 
seeds  of  the  wild  liquorice  vine,  to  suit  the  fancy 
of  the  prescriber.  They  are  employed  to  facili- 
tate dentition  in  children,  and  to  procure  sleep  in 
fever.  (!) 

NECKWEED,  Veronica  beccabunga,  V.  pere- 
grina. 

NECR^'MIA,  from  vtKpoi,  'death,'  and  'aifia, 
'blood.'  Death  of  the  blood.  Death  beginning 
with  the  blood. 

NBCRBNCEPHALUS,  Mollities  cerebri. 

NECROCEDIA,  Embalming. 

NECROCOMIUM,  Iforgue. 

NECRODES,  Cadaverous. 

NECRODOCHIUM,  irorgue. 

NECROLOGY,  BILLS  OF,  Mortality,  bills  of. 

NECROMANCY,  Necromanti' a,  Negromanti' a, 
Necyomanti'a,  Nigromanti' a,  from  vcKpo;,  'death,' 
and  jxavTua,  •'  divination.'  Divination  by  the 
dead. 

NECROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 

NECRON,  Cadaver. 

NECRONARCEMA,  Rigor  mortis. 

NECROPHOB'IA,  from  v£»fpof,  'death,'  and 
0o|3oy,  'fear.'  Exaggerated  fear  of  death.  This 
symptom  occurs  in  patients  where  the  disease  is 
not  mortal ;  as  in  hypochondriasis.  In  fevers,  it 
is  not  a  good  symptom. 

NECROPNBUMO'NIA,  Pneumo'nin  gangrm- 
no'sa  seu  typho'sa,  Garigrm'na  sen  Mortifica' tio 
seu  Anthrax  seu  Carbun'cnlus  Pnlmo'num,  Pneu- 
mosep'eis,  Pneumoc'ace,  (F.)  Gangrene  du  Pou- 
moH,     Pneumonecrosie,  —  Piorry  j     from    vcKpoi, 


'death,'  and  piieumonia.  Gangrenous  inflamma- 
tion of  the  lungs.  This  may  be  diffused  or  cir- 
cumscribed. The  only  pathognomonic  symptom 
is  the  extraordinary  and  repulsive  odour  of  the 
breath  and  expectoration.  The  treatment  con- 
sists in  the  use  of  the  chlorides  internally,  or  of 
chlorine  by  inhalation ;  allaying  irritation  by 
opium,  and  supporting  the  patient  by  wine-whey, 
and  nourishing  diet. 

NECROPSIA,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROPSY,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSCOPIA,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSCOPY,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSED,  see  Necrosis. 

NECROSEMEIOT'ICE,  from  v£/cpof,  'death,' 
and  arinuov,  'a  sign.'  The  doctrine  of  the  signs 
of  death. 

NECRO'SIS,  from  vekpow,  '  I  kill.'  Mortifica- 
tion. State  of  a  bone  or  of  a  portion  of  a  bona 
deprived  of  life.  Osteogangrm'na,  Osteonecro'sis. 
The  bone,  in  such  case,  is  said  to  be  necrosed. 
Necrosis  may  take  place  without  the  surrounding 
soft  parts  being  struck  with  gangrene.  It  is  to 
the  bones  what  gangrene  is  to  the  soft  parts. 
The  part  of  the  bone  affected  with  necrosis  be- 
comes a  foreign  body,  similar  to  the  gangrenous 
eschar,  and  its  separation  must  be  accomplished 
by  the  efforts  of  nature,  or  by  art.  When  necro- 
sis occurs  in  the  centre  of  long  bones,  it  never 
extends  to  their  articular  extremities.  The  exte- 
rior layers  of  bone  form  a  canal  round  the  dead 
portion  or  sequestrum;  between  these  swollen 
layers  and  the  sequestrum,  suppuration  takes 
place;  the  matter  presses  against  the  bony  canal; 
perforates  it,  and  is  discharged  by  apertures, 
which  become  fistulous. 

In  the  treatment,  the  exit  of  the  sequestrum 
must  be  facilitated  by  proper  incisions,  by  the 
application  of  the  trepan  to  the  bone,  i&c. 

Necrosis  Cerkalis,  Ergotism — n.  Dentium, 
Dental  gangrene  —  n.  Ustilaginea,  Ergotism. 

NECROSTOA,  Morgue. 

NECROTOMY,  Dissection. 

NECTANDRA  CINNAMOMOI'DES,  Laurus 
cinnamomdi'des,  Cinnamo'mum  sylves'tre  Ameri- 
ea'num :  Order,  Lauracese  ;  native  of  New  Gre- 
nada, where  it  is  called  Canela ;  has  the  odour 
and  taste  of  cinnamon,  and  is  used  as  such. 

Nectandra  Cymba'rum,  Oeote'a  cymba'rnm 
seu  ama'ra,  grows  in  Oronoko,  where  it  is  called 
Sass'afras,  The  bark  is  aromatic,  bitter,  and 
stomachic ;  and  Von  Martins  thinks  it  is  an  in- 
gredient in  the  curare  poison. 

Nectandra  Puchury,  see  Pichurim  beans  — 
n.  Rodiei,  see  Bebeeru. 

NECTAR,  vtKTap,  from  vn,  *a  particle  of  ne- 
gation,' and  KTaia,  'to  kill.'  A  pleasant  liquor, 
feigned  by  the  poets  to  have  been  the  drink  of 
the  gods,  and  to  have  rendered  immortal  those 
who  partook  of  it.  A  name  given,  by  the  an- 
cients, to  many  drinks ;  and  particularly  to  one 
made  with  wine,  evaporated,  and  sweetened  with 
honey. 

NECTARIUM,  Inula  helenium. 

NECUSIA,  see  Wound. 

NECYOMANTIA,  Necromancy. 

NEDYIA,  Intestines. 

NEDYS,  vn^vs.  The  belly,  abdomen,  stomach, 
uterus. 

NEEDLE,  Sax.  neol,  naer)!,  from  Tout,  n  e  t  e  n, 
'  to  sew.'  Acus,  Bel' one,  RapJiis,  Rajih'ion,  Aces' - 
tra,  (F.)  Aiguille.  A  steel  instrument,  used  in 
many  professions.  In  Surgery,  a  steel,  gold,  sil- 
ver, or  platina  instrument,  that  may  be  round, 
flat,  or  triangular,  straight,  or  curved,  supported 
or  not  by  a  handle,  but  having  always  a  point,  by 


NEEDLE-BEARER 


624 


NEOPLASTY 


means  of  whicli  it  penetrates  the  textures;  and 
often  having,  either  near  the  point,  or  more  com- 
monly, near  the  other  extremity,  an  aperture  or 
eye  for  the  reception  of  a  thread  or  tape,  which 
it  introduces  into  the  parts.  The  Aiguille  d,  ap- 
pareil  of  the  French  is  the  ordinary  sewing  nee- 
dle used  in  the  making  of  bandages,  &o. 

Needle,  A'cupuncture,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Acu- 
puncture. An  inflexible  gold  or  silver  needle; 
conical,  very  delicate,  four  inches  long,  furnished 
with  a  handle,  and,  at  times,  with  a  canula 
shorter  than  it  by  about  half  an  inch.  An  ordi- 
nary needle,  waxed  at  the  head,  will  answer  as  a 
substitute  for  this.     See  Acupuncture. 

Needle,  Cat'abact,  Acus  ophthal'mica,  (F.) 
Aiguille  d  cataracte.  Needles  of  gold,  silver,  and 
steel  have  been  used;  the  latter,  alone,  at  the 
present  day.  The  cataract  needle  is  employed 
to  depress  or  tear  the  crystalline  when  opake. 
This  needle  is  usually  made  from  15  to  24  lines 
long;  and  is  attached  to  a  fine  handle.  The  ex- 
tremity may  be,  as  in  Scarpa's  and  Langenbeck's, 
pointed,  prismatic,  triangular,  and  curved ;  in 
Dupuytren's  and  Walther's,  flat,  curved,  and 
sharp- edged;  in  Hey's,  flat,  with  a  semicircular 
and  sharp  end;  or.  as  in  Beer's,  Siebold's, 
Schmidt's,  Himly's,  Von  Grafe's,  &c.,  straight 
and  spear-pointed.  A  mark  is  generally  placed 
upon  the  handle  to  inform  the  operator,  —  when 
the  instrument  is  engaged  in  the  eye, — what  side 
corresponds  to  the  crystalline. 

Needle  for  a  Counter-Opening,  Acus  inva- 
gina'ta,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Contre-ouverture  ou  en- 
gainee  ou  d  gaine,  —  a  long,  narrow  instrument 
of  steel;  the  point  of  which  is  fine  and  sharp  on 
both  sides; — the  heel  {talon)  having  an  aperture 
to  receive  a  thread,  tape,  <fec.,  provided  with  a 
flat,  silver  sheath,  shorter  than  the  blade,  the 
point  of  which  it  covers  when  passing  through 
parts  that  have  to  be  respected. 

Needle,  Deschamp's,  Paupe's  needle,  (F.) 
Aiguille  de  Deschamp-i,  A.  d  manche,  &c.,  is  the 
last  described  needle,  fixed  to  a  handle.  The  eye 
is  placed  near  the  point.  It  is  employed  in  the 
ligature  of  deep-seated  arteries. 

Needle,  Fis'tdla,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  FiKtule.  A 
long,  flat,  flexible,  silver  instrument;  having  an 
aperture  near  one  extremity;  blunt  at  the  other. 
This  was  formerly  used  for  passing  a  seton  into 
fistulous  ulcers.  On  one  of  its  sides  was  a  groove 
for  guiding  a  bistouri  in  case  of  necessity. 

Also,  a  long,  steel  instrument,  terminated  by  a 
point  like  that  of  a  trocar,  which  Desault  em- 
ployed for  penetrating  the  rectum,  when  operating 
for  fistula  that  had  no  internal  aperture. 

Needle,  Hare-Lip,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Bee  de 
Lievre.  A  small,  silver  canula,  to  which  is  at- 
tached a  spear-point,  that  can  be  readily  with- 
drawn. This  needle,  armed  with  the  point,  is 
introduced  at  one  side  of  the  fissure  in  the  lip, 
and  through  the  other.  The  twisted  suture  is 
then  applied,  and  the  pin  withdrawn. 

Needle,  Lig'ature,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  ligature. 
A  long,  steel  instrument,  sharp  towards  one  ex- 
tremity, with  an  eye  near  the  other,  which  was 
formerly  used  for  suspending  the  circulation  of 
blood  prior  to  amputation,  by  being  passed  through 
the  limb,  so  as  to  include  the  principal  artery  and 
a  part  of  the  muscles  and  integuments. 

Also,  a  steel  instrument  of  various  dimensions, 
round  towards  one  of  its  extremities,  which  was 
straight,  and  furnished  with  an  aperture ;  curved 
and  flat  towards  the  opposite,  which  was  pointed, 
and  had  a  slight  ridge  on  its  concave  side.  At 
the  commencement  of  the  last  century,  this 
instrument  was  used  to  pass  ligatures  around 
vessels. 

Also,  a  steel  instrument  of  various  dimensions, 


flat,  regularly  curved  in  the  form  of  a  semicircle, 
with  a  sharp  or  lance  point,  and  a  long  eye,  used 
with  advantage  in  place  of  the  last. 

Needle,  Paupe's,  Needle,  Deschamp's. 
Needle,  Seton,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Seton.  A  long, 
narrow,  steel  blade;  pointed  and  sharp  at  one 
extremity  ;  pierced  at  the  other  by  an  aperture. 
The  Aiguille  d  contre-ouverture  may  be  used  for 
the  same  purpose. 

Needle,  Suture,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Suture.    For 
the  twisted  suture,  the  hare-lip  needle  is  used  ; 
for  the  others,  the  straight  or  curved  needle  :  the 
straight  needle  is  preferable  for  stitching  up  the 
abdomen,  &c.,  in  dissection.     In  the    suture  of 
the  tendons,  a  curved  needle  has  been  used:  flat 
on  both  sides,  and  cutting  only  at  the  concave 
edge,  in  order  that  the  instrument  may  pass  be- 
tween the  tendinous  fibres  without  dividing  them. 
NEEDLE-BEARER,  Porte-aiguille. 
NEEDLE-CARRIER,  Porte-aiguille. 
NEEM  BARK,  see  Melia  azedarach. 
NE^ESING,  Sneezing. 
NEFLE,  Mespilus  (the  fruit). 
NEFLIER,  Mespilus. 

NEFREN'DES,  properly,  'sucking  pigs.'  — 
Yarro.  Nodoi,  Eden'tnli  [vri,  privative,  and  o^ouf, 
oiovTos,  'a  tooth.')  Persons  devoid  of  teeth. 
Young  children,  for  instance,  who  have  not  cut 
them;  or  aged  persons,  who  have  lost  them. 
This  state  is  called  Ncfrendis,  Nodo'aia,  Odon'tia 
eden'tula. 

NEGOTIEM  PARTURITIONIS,  Parturition. 
NEGRE  BLANC,  Albino. 
NEGRETIA  PRURIENS,  Dolichos  pruriens. 
NEGRO,  Ni'grita,    (F.)  Negre.      One    of  the 
Ethiopian  race.     See  Homo  and  Mulatto. 
NEGROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 
NEI^RA,  Abdomen. 
NEIGE,  Snow. 
NEIR,  Kidney. 
NEIRA,  Abdomen. 
NEIS,  Nasus. 

NELUM'BIUM  LU'TEUM,  Yelloxo  ne'hmlo, 
Yellow  tcater  lily,  Pond  lily,  Water  shield,  Water 
nuts,  Water  chin'capin.  Battle  nut.  Sacred  hean. 
A  beautiful  water  plant,  common  in  the  United 
States,  and  belonging  to  Nat.  Ord.  Nymphaceas ; 
Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Polygynia.  The  leaves 
are  cooling  and  emollient  when  applied  to  the 
surface.  The  roots,  leaves,  and  nuts  are  eaten. 
The  last  are  called  by  the  Indians  and  others 
water  chincap)ins. 

NELUMBO,  YELLOW,  Nelumbium  luteum. 
NENDO,  Angelica  lucida. 
NENNDORF,    MINERAL    WATERS     OF. 
Nenndorf  is  a  village  three  and  a  half  German 
miles  from  Hanover.    Its  cold  sulphureous  spring 
is  much  celebrated. 

NENUPHAR,  Nymphsea  alba  — n.  Blanc, 
Nymphaea  alba  —  n.  Jamie,  Nymphaea  lutea  —  n. 
Lutea,  Nymphasa  lutea  —  n.  Odorant,  Nymphaea 
odorata. 

NEOARTHRO'SIS,  from  wo;,  'new,'  and  ap- 
6/30V,  'ajoint.'     A  new  joint;  an  artificial  joint. 

NEOG'ALA,  from  vms,  'new,' and  ya\a,  'milk.' 
Milk  secreted  immediately  after  the  colostrum. 
Also,  the  colostrum. 

NEOGENES,  Nouveau-ni. 

NEOGILUS,  Nouveau-ne. 

NEOGNUS,  Nouveau-ni. 

NEOGONUS,  Nouveau-ne. 

NEO-MEMBRANE,  see  Membrane,  false. 

NEONATES,  Nouveau-ne. 

NE'OPLASTY,  Neoplas' tice,  from  vto;,  'new,' 


NEOSCYTECHU  S 


625 


NEPHROID 


and  irXccTffw,  -\aTTii),  'I  form.'  An  operative  pro- 
cess for  the  formation  of  new  parts.  It  includes 
autoplasty,  cicatrization  of  wounds,  and  the  for- 
mation of  adhesions. — Burdach. 

NEOSCYTECHUS,  see  Craquement  de  Cuvr 
netif. 

NEOTOCICTERUS,  Icterus  infantum. 

NEOTTIA,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

NEP,  Nepeta. 

NEPEN'THA  DESTILLATO'RIA,  Bandu'ra. 
A  Ceylonese  plant,  the  root  of  which  is  astringent. 

NEPEN'THES,  from  vti,  negative  particle,  and 
7r£i'5of,  '  grief.'  A  remedy  much  extolled  by  the 
ancients  against  sadness  and  melancholy. 

The  women  of  Thebes,  according  to  Diodorus 
Siceliotes,  alone  possessed  the  secret  of  its  com- 
position ;  and,  according  to  Homer,  Helen  intro- 
duced it  from  Egypt.  Some  suppose  it  to  have 
been  opium. 

Nepenthes,  Bangue — n.  Opiatum,  Pilulae  opi- 
ataj. 

NEP'ETA,  N.  Cata'ria  seu  vnlga'ris,  Cata'ria 
vulqa'ria,  Herba  felis,  Nep,  Catnep,  Catmint,  (F.) 
Herbe  aux  Chats,  Cataire,  —  so  called,  because 
cats  are  fond  of  it.  Oid.  Labiatas.  The  leaves, 
Cata'ria,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  have  a  smell  and  taste  like 
those  of  an  admixture  of  spearmint  and  penny- 
royal. It  has  been  recommended  in  uterine  dis- 
orders, dyspepsia,  flatulency,  &c.,  like  penny- 
royal; and  is  much  used  in  domestic  medicine, 
on  the  American  continent,  in  flatulencies,  <tc., 
of  children. 

Nepeta  Agrestis,  Melissa  nepeta  —  n.  Gle- 
choma,  Glechoma  hederacea  —  n.  Vulgaris,  Ne- 
peta. 

NEPHALIOTES,  Temperance. 

NEPHELE,  Enseorema,  Nebula. 

NEPHELION,  Nebula. 

NEPH'ELOID,  NepJieloVdes,  NepTielo'des, 
Neb'idous,  Nubilo'sus.  From  ve<l>t\>],  'a  cloud,' 
and  ciSog,  'resemblance.'  An  epithet  applied  to 
urine  when  it  is  cloudy — Uri'na  nep)helo' dee. 

NEPHOS,  Nebula. 

NEPHR^MORRHAGIA,  see  Hjematuria. 

NEPHRAL'GIA,  BoTor  Nepliret'icus,  NenraV- 
gia  Renum,  (F.)  Nevralgie  des  Reins,  Dyanepihro- 
vervie,  from  vtrppog,  'a  kidney,'  and  aXyos,  'pain.' 
Pain  and  neuralgia  in  the  kidney. 

Nephralgia  Aeenosa,  see  Gravel — n.  Calcu- 
losa,  see  Gravel — n.  Rheumatica,  Lumbago. 

NEPHRANURIA,  Ichuria  renalis. 

NEPHRAPOS'TASIS,  Nej^hropyo'sis,  Absoes'- 
sus  rena'lis,  from  ve(j>pos,  'kidney,'  and  arroaTacris, 
'abscess.'     Renal  abscess. 

NEPHRATON'IA,  from  ve4:po;,  'kidney,' and 
aTovta,  '  want  of  tone.'  Renum  aton'ia  seu  pa- 
ral'ysis.     Atony  of  the  kidney. 

NEPHRAUX'E,  from  i'£0po?,  '  a  kidney,'  and 
av^iii,  '  to  increase.'     Enlargement  of  the  kidney. 

NEPHRELCO'SIS,  Nephropyo'sis,  Helco'sis 
rena'lis,  from  vt(ppo;,  'kidney,'  and  'cXkiiici;,  'ul- 
ceration.'    Ulceration  of  the  kidney. 

NEPHRELMIN'TIC,  Nephrelmin'ticue,  from 
vsippog,  'a  kidney,' and  'tXpivi,  'cXjiivOog,  'a  worm.' 
That  which  is  owing  to  the  presence  of  worms  in 
the  kidney. 

NEPHREMPHRAX'IS,  from  v!.4,pog,  'a  kid- 
ney,' and  tpcppaaaui,  '  I  obstruct.'  A  name  given 
by  Ploucquet  to  obstruction  of  the  kidneys. 

NEPHRET'IC,  NepTirid'ius,  Nep)lrit'ic,  Ne- 
pJii-it'icus,  from  ve(Ppos,  'a  kidney.'  That  which 
relates  to  the  kidney.  Applied,  especially,  to 
pain,  /fee,  seated  in  the  kidney. 

NEPHRET'ICUM,  in  3Iateria  Iledica,  means 
40 


a  medicine  employed  for  the  cure  of  diseases  of 
the  kidney. 

Nephreticum  Lignum,  Guilandina  moringa. 

NEPHRET'ICUS  LAPIS,  Talcum  nephrit'- 
icum,  (F.)  Pierre  nephretique,  Jade  nephrite  ou 
oriental.  A  green,  fatty  kind  of  stone,  —  once 
used  as  an  amulet  against  epilepsy,—  an  absurd 
name,  as  there  can  be  no  such  remedy. 

NEPHRIA,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the. 

NEPHRID'ION,  Fingue'do  rena'lis.  From 
vtfpos,  'the  kidney.'  The  fat  which  surrounds 
the  kidneys. — Hippocrates. 

NEPHRIDIUM,  Capsule,  renal. 

NEPHRIDIUS,  Nephretic. 

NEPHRINE,  Oxyd,  cystic.  Urea. 

Ni;PHRITE,'Nephnt\s—n.  Albumineuse,  Kid- 
ney, Bright's  disease  of  the. 

NEPHRITES,  Asphaltites. 

NEPHRITIC,  Nephretic. 

_  NEPHRITICUM  LIGNUM,  Guilandina  mo- 
ringa. 

NEPHRITIS,  Asphaltites. 

Nephri'tis,  Empres'ma  Nepjhritis,  from  vtippog, 
'kidney,'  and  iris,  'denoting  inflammation  ;'  Re. 
num.  iiiflamma'tio,  Nephro-phleg'mone,  —  Inflam- 
mation of  the  Kidney,  (F.)  Nephrite,  Inflammation 
des  Reins,  is  characterized  by  acute  pain  ;  burn- 
ing heat,  and  a  sensation  of  weight  in  the  region 
of  one  or  both  kidnej's ;  suppression  or  diminu- 
tion of  urine  ;  fever;  dysuria ;  ischuria;  consti- 
pation, more  or  less  obstinate;  retraction  of  the 
testicle,  and  numbness  of  the  thigh  of  the  same 
side.  It  may  be  distinguished  into  simple  and 
calculous  nephritis  —  Lithonephritis.  In  the  lat- 
ter, the  urine  often  contains  small  particles  of 
uric  acid  or  of  urate  of  ammonia.  The  most  com- 
mon causes  of  nephritis  are, — excess  in  irritating 
and  alcoholic  drinks;  abuse  of  diuretics;  blows 
or  falls  on  the  region  of  the  kidneys ;  the  presence 
of  renal  calculi,  &c.  It  may  be  distinguished 
from  lumbago  by  the  pain  which  attends  the  lat- 
ter on  the  slightest  motion,  &c.  It  usually  ter- 
minates by  resolution  in  from  one  week  to  two 
or  three.  It  may,  however,  end  in  suppuration 
— pyonephrite ;  or  may  become  chronic — chrono- 
iiepihrite,  ( Piorry. )  In  the  treatment,  anti- 
phlogistics,  as  bleeding,  baths,  Ac,  are  required 
to  the  full  extent;  with  the  use  of  dUuents, 
opiates,  &c. 

Nephritis  Albdminensis,  Kidney,  Bright's  dis- 
ease of  the  —  n.  Albuminosa,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the  —  n.  Associated,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the — n.  Cachectic,  Kidney,  Bright's  dis- 
ease of  the  —  n.  Calculous,  see  Nephritis  —  n. 
Sociata,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the. 

NEPHROCHALAZOSIS,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the. 

NEPHROCOCCOSIS,  Kidney,  Bright's  dis- 
ease of  the. 

NEPHROCYSTO'SIS,  from  I't^poj-,  '  a  kidney,' 
and  Kuarig,  'a  cyst  or  bladder.'  A  morbid  con- 
dition, which  consists  in  the  formation  of  cysts 
in  the  bladder. 

NEPHROCOLICA,  Colica  nephretica. 

NEPHRODES,  Nephroid. 

NEPHRODIUM  FILIX  MAS,  Pelypodium 
filix  mas. 

NEPHROG'RAPHY,  from  vt<j>poi,  'a  kidney,' 
and  ypa(Pn,  'a  description.'  An  anatomical  de- 
scription of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROH^'MIA,  from  v£0pof,  '  kidney,'  and 
'aipa,  '  blood.'  Hypersemia  or  congestion  of  the 
kidney. 

NEPH'ROID,  NephroVdes,  Nephro'des,  Reni- 
form' is,  from  vecppo;,  'kidney,'  and  eiios,  'form, 


NEPHROLITHIASIS 


626 


NERONIANA 


resemblance.'  Reniform.  Having  a  resemblance 
to  a  kidney  —  as  'nephroid  cancer,'  so  called  be- 
cause the  morbid  growth  resembles  the  kidney  in 
structure. 

NEPHROLITHI'ASIS,  from  vt^ppog,  'a  kid- 
ney,' and  \iQoi,  '  a  stone.'  The  disease  of  calculus 
in  the  kidney;  Lith'iarena'lis,  Lithi'asis  nephrit'- 
ica,  L.  Bena'lis.     See   Gravel. 

NEPHROLITH'IC,  same  etymon.  Belonging 
to  calculi  in  the  kidneys.  This  epithet  has  been 
applied  to  ischuria,  occasioned  by  calculi  formed 
in  the  kidneys. 

NEPHRO-LITHOTOMY,  Xephrotomy. 
NEPHROL'OGT,  Nephrolog"ia,   from   vE^lflos, 
'kidney,' and  Xoyoi,  'a.  treatise.'     A  treatise  on 
the  kidneys.     Dissertation  on  the   kidneys    and 
their  functions. 

NEPHROMALA'CIA,  from  v£(^pof,  'kidney,' 
and  jiaKaKia,  'softness.'  Softening  of  the  kid- 
ney. 

XEPHR0METRJ5,  Psojb. 

NEPHPi.ON'CUS,  Tumor  rena'lis,  from  vt<j>pos, 
'kidney,'  and  oyKOi,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumeftiction 
of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPHLEGMAT'IC,  iVe/;7iro-pA%mai'- 
icus,  from  yappos,  'kidney,'  and  <pSeyixa,  <l>\eynaToi, 
'phlegm.'  A  name  given,  by  some  authors,  to 
ischuria  produced  by  mucus  contained  in  the 
urine. 

NEPHROPHLEGMOXE,  Nephritis. 
NEPHROPHTHI'SIS,  from  vcc^po;,  'kidney,' 
and(^9i(7is,  'consumption.'     Phthisis  from  suppu- 
ration of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPLETHOR'IC,  NepTiro-plethor'icns, 
from  vecppo;,  'a  kidney,' and  -nXv^oioa,  'plethora.' 
Belonging  to  plethora  of  the  kidneys.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  ischuria  dependent  upon  this  cause. 
NEPHROPY'IC,  Nephro-py'icus,  from  ve(ppos, 
'a  kidney,' and  rvov,  'pus.'  Belonging  to  sup- 
puration of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPTOSIS,  Nephrapostasis,  Nephrel- 
cosis. 

NEPHRORRHAQ"IA,    HcBmatu'ria    rena'Us, 
Hamorrhag" ia  renum,  from  vicpgoi,  'kidney,'  and 
payn,  'rupture;'  Projiu'vium  san'guinig e  re'nibus. 
Hemorrhage  from  the  kidney. 
NEPHROS,  Kidney. 

NEPHROSCLE'RIA,  from  rf^po?,  'kidney,' 
and  nKXripia,  'hardness;'  ludnra'tio  renvm.  In- 
duration of  the  kidneys. 

NEPHROSPAS'TIC,  Nephrospao'ticM,  from 
vEiJipo;,  'a  kidney,'  and  a-au},  'I  draw.'  That 
which  depends  upon  spasm  of  the  kidney.  An 
epithet  given  to  a  variety  of  ischuria. 

NEPHROTHROM'BOID,  Ncphro-tJtromloi'- 
des,  from  vtippoi,  'a  kidney,'  and  ^poiilio^,  'a  clot.' 
That  which  depends  upon  clot-s  of  blood,  con- 
tained in  the  kidneys  or  their  ducts.  An  epithet 
for  a  species  of  ischuria. 

NEPHROT'OMY,  Nephro-Utlot'omy,  Nephro- 
tom'ia.  Nephro-lithotom' ia,  Sectio  renci'lU,  S.  re- 
yiis,  from  vt(ppo;,  'a  kidney,'  and  Tejjivetv,  'to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  the  kidney.  Also,  an  operation  pro- 
posed with  the  view  of  extracting  calculi  formed 
in  the  kidney,  by  means  of  an  incision  into  the 
tissue  of  that  organ. 

NEPHRUS,  Kidney. 

NEPIOS,  Infans. 

NEPIOTES,  Infancy. 

NEPTA,  Asphaltum. 

NERA,  Toddy. 

NERANTIA,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 


NERE,  Kidney. 

NERF,  Nerve — n.  Circonflexe,  Axillary  nerve 
— n.  Dentaire,  Dental  nerve — n.  Fessier,  Gluteal 
nerve  —  n.  Glosao-pJiari/iiyien,  Pharyngo-glossal 
nerve  —  n.  Gustaiif,  see  Lingual  nerve  —  n.  Giis- 
tatif  innomine,  Trigemini  —  n.  Guttural,  Palatine 
(middle)  nerve  —  n.  Gutturo-palatin,  Palatine 
nerve — n.  Honteux,  Pudic  nerve — n.  Irien,  Ciliary 
nerve — n.  Ischio-clttorien,  Pudic  nerve — ?i.  Ischio- 
penien,  Pudic  nerve — 71.  Labyrinthiqne,  AnAitoiy 
nerve — n.  Ilentonnier,  Mental  nerve  —  n.  Moteur 
oculaire  externe,  Motor  oculi  esternus — n.  Oculo- 
mnsculaire  externe,  Motor  oculi  esternus — n. 
Oculo-musculaire  interne,  Patheticus  nervus  — 
11.  Pathetique,  Patheticus  nervus  —  n.  Peronilre 
branche,  Popliteal  nerve,  external — n.  Pharyngo- 
gloasien,  Pharj'ngo-glossal  nerve — ».  Pneumogas- 
trique,  Pneumogastric  nerve — n.  Premiere  pmire 
trachelienne,  Occipital  nerve — n.  Pretibio-digifal, 
Musculo-cutaneous  nerve,  see  Popliteal  nerve — n. 
Pretibio-Kusphalangetnire,  see  Popliteal  nerve  — 
n.  Pretibio  susplantaire.  Tibial  nerve,  anterior  — 
n.  Radio-digital,  Piadial  nerve  —  n.  Sciatique 
grand,  Sciatic  nerve,  great  —  n.  Sciatique  petit, 
Sciatic  nerve,  lesser — n.  Sciatique  poplite  externe, 
Musculo-cutaneous  nerve — n.  Soun-occipiital,  Oc- 
cipital nerve  —  n,  Soua-pubio-femoral,  Obturator 
nerve — n.  Sjyino-cranio-trapezieyi,  Spinal  nerve — 
n.  Su»maxillaire,  Maxillary  superior  nerve — n. 
Sunpubien,  Supra-pubian  nerve  —  n.  Sywpathi- 
que,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  grand  Sympathique, 
Trisplanohnic  nerve  —  n.  Tibiale  branche,  Poyili- 
teal  internal  —  n.  Tracheal,  Laryngeal  inferior 
nerve — n.  Trachelo-dorsal,  Spinal  nerve — n.  Tri- 
jumeau,  Trigemini — n.  a,  Trois  cordea,  Trigemini 
—  n.  Tympanique,  Chorda  tympani  —  n.  Vague, 
Pneumogastric  nerve — n.  Vertebro-digital,  Mus- 
culo-cutaneous nerve. 

NERFS  BRONCHIQUES,  Bronchial  nerves 
— n.  Ciliairea,  Ciliary  nerves — n.  Craniens,  Cere- 
bral nerves  —  n.  Jloteurs  oculaires  communs,  Mo- 
tores  oculorum — n.  Rachidiens,  Vertebral  nerves 
— n.  Sacres,  Sacral  nerves  — n.  Sous-costalea,  In- 
tercostal nerves. 

NERIOX,  Nerium  oleander. 

NERIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Neris  is 
on  the  high  road  from  Moulins  to  Limoges,  eighty 
leagues  from  Paris.  There  are  four  springs,  the 
water  of  which  is  clear,  inodorous,  tasteless,  and 
ha-s  an  unctuous  feel.  It  contains  carbonic  acid 
gas,  carbonate  of  soda,  and  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  silex,  and  an  animal  matter  to 
which  its  'oleaginous'  property  is  probably  owing. 
The  waters  are  generally  used  in  the  form  of 
thermal  baths. 

NE'RIUM,  from  vnpos,  'humid,'  because  grow- 
ing in  moist  places.     N.  oleander. 

Ne'rtum  Antidysenter'icum,  Wright'ia  anti- 
dyaenter'ica.  The  tree  which  affords  the  Codaga'- 
pala  Bark,  CoJies'si  cortex,  Tillicher'ry  cortex. 
Cortex  projiu'vii.  Family,  Aipocyness.  Sex.  Syxt. 
PentandriaMonogynia.  CF.)Codagapale.  Cropale. 
The  bark  of  this  Malabar  tree  is  of  a  black  colour, 
externally,  and  is  generally  covered  with  a  white 
moss  or  scurf.  It  has  an  austere,  bitter  taste,  and 
has  been  recommended  as  an  astringent  in  diar- 
rhcea,  dysentery,  &c. 

Ne'riusj  Oleas'der,  Ne'rium,  Rhododaph'nis, 
Rosa'go,  (F.)  Laurier  rose,  Laiirose,  Nerion, 
Rosage,  Rhododaphne.  The  leaves  are  reputed 
to  be  narcotic.  The  infusion  is  employed  inter- 
nally, in  herpetic  affections,  and  the  powder,  in- 
corporated with  lard,  is  used  in  the  itch. 

NERONIA'NA  seu  NERO'NICA  (PHLEBO- 
TOM'IA.)  An  epithet  given,  for  some  cause,  to 
phlebotomy,  when  more  than  one  vein  was  opened 


NERPR  Uy  PURGA  TIF 


627 


NER\iiw 


on  the  same  day,  or  to  bleeding  coup  sur  coup. 
Termed  Neroniana,  because  the  philosopher 
Seneca  was  bled  to  death  under  Xero  [?]. 

NERPRUN  PURGATIF,  Rhamnus. 

NERVE,  A^ervus,  Nearon,  vtvpov,  '  a  string. 
(F.)  Nerf.  Neuron  and  Nervus  meant  also,  with 
the  ancients,  a  tendon  and  a  ligament,  Partes 
veri-o'scB  ;  and  hence  the  diflFerent  acceptations  of 
'nervous;'  —  'a  man  of  nerve — a  strong,  nervous 
man;  and  a  weak,  nercoKs  woman.'  The  nerves 
are  tubular  cords  of  the  same  substance  as  that 
which  composes  the  encephalon  and  spinal  mar- 
row. They  extend  from  one  or  other  of  the  ner- 
vous centres  to  every  part  of  the  body,  commu- 
nicating, frequently,  with  each  other;  forming 
2ilexuses,  and,  occasionally,  jran^^tods/  and  being, 
at  length,  lost  in  the  parenchyma  of  organs. 
There  are  42  pairs,  and,  according  to  their  origin, 
they  are  termed  Cranial  or  Encephalic,  and  Spi- 
inil.  Each  nerve  is  composed  of  several  filaments 
or  cords  placed  alongside  each  other,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  neurilemma.  The  encephalic 
nerves,  in  general,  have  only  one  root  in  the 
brain,  whilst  the  spinal  arise  from  the  marrow  by 
two  roots  :  the  one  from  an  anterior  fasciculus  of 
filaments,  the  other  from  a  posterior,  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  Ligamentum  denticulatum ; 
uniting  outside  this  ligament,  and  presenting,  near 
the  intervertebral  foramen,  a  ganglion  formed 
only  by  the  posterior  root.     The  two  roots  make, 


afterwards,  but  one  nerve ;  and,  like  the  encepha- 
lic nerves,  proceed  to  their  destination,  subdi- 
viding into  rami  and  ramusculi,  until  they  are 
finally  lost  in  the  texture  of  the  organs.  The 
trunks  first  formed  are  commonly  round,  and 
proceed  alone,  or  accompany  the  great  vessels, 
being  placed  in  the  areolar  spaces  which  separate 
the  organs,  and  are  thus  protected  from  injury. 
Theirmannerof  termination  we  are  not  acquainted 
with  ,•  whether  the  nervous  pulp,  for  instance,  as 
is  more  probably  the  fact,  be  distributed  or  lost 
in  a  membrane,  as  seems  to  be  the  case  with  the 
nerves  of  sight,  hearing,  and  smell,  —  or  are 
looped.  Certain  it  is,  that  there  is  considerable 
difference  in  the  organs,  as  respects  the  quantity 
of  nerves  that  terminate  in  them  ;  and  the  par- 
ticular arrangement  of  the  nervous  extremities. 
Some  organs  have  numerous  nerves  ;  others  seem 
to  have  none :  a  circumstance  which  influences 
considerably  the  sensibility  of  parts. 

The  Encejjhalic  Nerves  arise  from  the  ence- 
phalon, or  are  inserted  into  it;  (according  as  we 
consider  the  brain  the  origin  or  termination  of  the 
nerves  ;)  and  make  their  exit  by  foramina  at  the 
base  of  the  skull.  They  are  12  in  number.  The 
spinal  nerves  are  31  in  number,  8  cervical,  12 
dorsal,  5  himhar,  and  6  sacral :  the  four  inferior 
cervical  being  much  larger  than  the  superior, 
because  they  furnish  the  nerves  of  the  upper  ex- 
tremities. 


SYNOPTICAL  TABLE  OF  THE  NERVES. 


I.    Cranial  or  Encephalic  Nerves, 


Olfactory  . . . 
(1st  pair.) 


Optic 

(-2d  pair.) 


Divided  into  internal,  exter- 
nal, and  middle  branches. 
which  are  distributed  on  the 
Schneideriau  membrane. 

Terminate  in  the  retina. 


Mot  ores  Pculorum. 
(3d  pair.) 


(  Superior  Branch.  To  the  rectus 
superior  oculi  and  levator 
palpebrffi  superioris. 

Inferior  Branch.  TothereC'is 
internus.  rectus  inferior  and 
lesser  oblique  muscles;  a 
j  filament  which  goes  to  the 
t.     ophthalmic  ganglion. 

4.  Pathetici j  To  the  greater  oblique  muscle 

(4th  pair.)  (     of  the  eye. 

'  Ophthalmic  Branch.  Divided 
into  three  branches.  1.  The 
lachrymal  branch,  to  the  la- 
chrymal gland  and  upper 
eye-lid.  2.  Frontal  branch, 
to  the  forehead  and  upper 
eyelid.  3.  J^Tasal  branch,  to 
the  eyelids,  nasal  fossse,  and 
nose. 

Superior  Maxillary  Branch. 
1.  The  orbilar  branch,  to  the 
orbit.  2.  The  po.Uerior  and 
superior  dental,  to  the  last 
three  molar  teeth  and  gums. 
3.  The  anterior  dental,  to 
the  incisor,  canine,  and  two 
lesser  moJares.  4.  Infra- 
orbitar,  to  the  upper  lip, 
cheek,  and  nose. 

Inferior  Maxillary  Branoh.  1. 
Temporal  profound  branches, 
to  the  temporal  muscle.  2. 
Masseterine  branch,  to  the 
masseter  muscle.  3.  Buccal. 
to  the  inner  surface  of  the 
cheek.  4.  Pteryrroid,  to  the 
internal   pterygoid    muscle. 

5.  Lingual,  to  the  mucous 
membrane   of   the    tongue. 

6.  Inferior  dental,  to  the 
teeth  of  the  lower  jaw,  and 
to  the  lower  lip.  7.  Jiuri- 
cular  branch,  to  the  pavilion 
of  the  ear  and  forehead. 


5.  Imr  Trigeminum. 
<.5th  pair.) 


6.  Abducentes  . 
(6th  pair.) 


7.  Facial 

[Portio   dura   of  the 
7th  pair.) 


8.  Auditory ( 

(Portio  mollis  of  the< 

7th  pair.)  | 

9.  Otosso-pharrjngeal.  < 
(Portion   of  the   8th< 

pair.)  ( 


10.  Par  Vagum. 
(6th  pair.) 


11.  Spinal  or  Acces- 
sory o/ Willis ■* 


12.  Hypoglossal. 
(9th  pair.) 


I  To  the  rectus  exteriius  oculi. 

n.  At  its  exit  from  the  cra- 
nium, the  posterior  auricu- 
lar, stylohyoid,  and  infra- 
mastoid,  to  the  pavilion  of 
the  ear,  the  mastoid  process, 
the  riigasi  ricus,  and  the  mus- 
cles attached  to  the  styloid 
process. 
2.  Near  the  parotid  gland,  the 
temporal,  milar,  buccal,  su- 
pra-maxillary, and  infra- 
maxillary  to  the  whole  su- 
perficies of  the  face. 

To  the  vestibule,  semi  circular 
canals,  and  cochlea. 

To  the  base  of  the  tongue  and 
pharynx. 

1.  IJV  THE  JJ-ECK,  —  a.  pha- 
ryngeal branch  to  the  pha- 
rynx; superior  larT/ngeal 
branch  to  the  larynx,  and  to 
some  muscles  of  the  infe- 
rior hyoid  region.  Cardiac 
branches  to  the  cardiac 
plexus. 

2.  I^r  THE  CHEST,— ihe  in- 
ferior 'dryngeal  branch  to  the 

larynx  ^ulmonaryhrSLnchee, 
which  fbiin  the  plexus  of 
the  same  name:  (esophageal 
branches  to  the  cesophasus. 

3.  IJV  THE  ABDOMEJV-.— 
gastric  branches  to  the  pa- 
rietes  of  the  stomach:  fila- 
ments which  go  to  the  neigh- 
bouring plexuses. 

At  its  exit  from  the  cranium — 
the  accessory  of  the  pneumo- 
gastric  nerve  anastomosing 
with  this  nerve.  In  the 
neck— filaments  to  the  tra- 
pezius muscle. 

Cervicalis  descendens,  to  the 
muscles  of  the  inferior  hyoid 
region,  and  to  the  cervical 
nerves.  Filaments  to  the 
muscles  of  the  tongue. 


NERVES 


628 


NERVES 


II.  Spinal  or  Vertebral  Nerves. 


1.    Cervical  Nerves. 


\st  Cervical  Pair.. 


Cervical  Plexus . 


5lh,  6th,  and  Ith  Cer- 
vical Pairs 


(Anta-ior  Branch.  Anastomo- 
<      sing   par    arcade  witli   the 

(_     second  pair. 

f  Anterior  Branch,  A  branch 
Orl  Cprmral  Pair  J      anastomosing  with  the  first 

za  Lervficat  l-air. ^      ^^^^.  ,^  branch  which  goes 

1_     to  the  cervical  plexus 
Zd   and  Wi  Cervical  ( Anterior  Branch.    Concurring 

Pairs (     in  the  cervical  plexus. 

The  Posterior  Branch  of  these  four  pairs  ramifies  on 
the  occiput  and  muscles  of  the  superficial  and  deep- 
seated  cervico-occipital  regions. 

■Descending  Bran-ohes.  —  1.  In- 
ternal descending,  anasto- 
mosing with  a  branch  of 
the  hypoglossus.  2.  Plirenic 
branch,   to    the    diaphragm. 

3.  External  descending  bran- 
ches, dividing  into  supra- 
clavicular, supra-acromial, 
iufra-clavicular,  and  cervi- 
cales  profundi,  to  the  mus- 
cles and  integuments  of  the 
upper  part  of  the  chest  and 
shoulder,  to  the  trapezius, 
levator  scapulae,  rhomboid- 
eus,  &c. 

AscENDiKG  BeAjS'Ches. — 1.  Mas- 
toid, to  the  posterior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  head  and 
the  inner  surface  of  the  pa- 
vilion of  the  ear.  2.  Aimcu- 
lar,  to  the  parotid  gland  and 
pavilion  of  the  ear. 

Superficial  Cervical  Branches. 
(2.)  To  the  platysma  myoi- 
des,  digastricua,  the  integu- 
ments of  the  neck,  &c. 

Anterior  Branches.  Assisting 
in  the  formation  of  the  bra- 
chial plexus. 

Posterior  Branches.  To  the 
muscles  and  integuments 
of  the  posterior  part  of  the 
neck  and  upper  part  of  the 
back. 
Thoracic  Branches,  (2.)  to 
the  anterior  and  lateral 
parts  of  the  chest.  2.  Supra- 
scapulary  branch  to  the  mus- 
cles of  the  posterior  scapular 
region.  3.  Infra-scapulary 
branches  (3.)  to  the  subsca- 
pularis,  teres  major,  teres 
minor,  and  latissimus  dorsi. 

4.  The  brachial  interna  cu- 
taneous, to  the  integuments 
of  the  palmar  and  dorsal 
surfaces  of  the  forearm,  near 
the  ulnar  margin.  5.  The 
brachial  external  cutaneous, 
principally  to  the  integu- 
ments of  the  palmar  and 
dorsal  surfaces  of  the  fore- 
arm, near  the  radial  margin. 

6.  The  median  nerve,  to  the 
forearm,  hand,  and  palmar 
surface   of   all    the    finger.s. 

7.  The  ciMlal  nerve,  to  the 
last  two  fingers.  8.  The  ra- 
dial, to  the  first  three.  9. 
The  axillary,  around  the 
shoulder-joint,  and  to  the 
neighbouring  muscles. 

2.  Dorsal  Nerves,  {Nervi  dorsales.) 

1st  Dorsal  Pair ^  Anterior  Branch.    To  the  bra- 

t     chial  plexus. 
2d    and    Sd    Dorsal  ( Anterior  Branches.    An  Inter- 
Pairs I     costal  and  brachial  branch. 

(Anterior  Branches.  Internal 
branches,  to  the  intercostals, 
triangularis  sterm  pecto- 
ralis  major,  and  to  the  skin. 
External    branches    to    the 


fl. 


Brachial  Plexus.. 


ith,  5th,  6th,  and  7tt 
Dorsal  Pairs 


Sth,    Qth,    lOtJi,    and 
11th  Dorsal  Pairs... 


f     integuments  of  the  chest,  the 
obliquus    externus    abdomi- 
,     nis,  and  the  skin  of  the  ab- 
|_     domen. 

(Anterior  Branches.  Internal 
branches,  to  the  transver- 
salis,  obliquus  internus,  and 
rectus  muscles,  and  to  the 
skin  of  the  abdomen.  Ex- 
ternal branches,  to  the  in- 
teguments of  the  chest,  and 
to  the  muscles  and  skin  of 
the  abdomen. 
Anterior  Branch.  To  the  first 
lumbar  nerve,  and  to  the 
muscles  and  skin  of  the  ab- 
domen as  far  as  the  iliac 
crest. 

The  Posterior  Branches  of  the  dorsal  nerves  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  muscles  and  integuments  of  the 
back  and  loins. 

3.  Lumbar  Nerves. 


12th  Dorsal  Pair.. 


1st,  2d,  3d,  and  ithi 


Anterior    Branches.      Concur- 
lumba^Pai^l.Zli     ^"S   to    form    the    lumbar 


Uh  Pair.. 


Lumbar  Plexus.. 


(_     plexus, 

{Anterior  Branch.     Aiding   in 
forming  the  sciatic  plexus. 
The  Posterior  Branches  of  the  lumbar  nerves  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  loins,  sacrum,  and  nates. 

1.  Musculo-cutaneous  Branches, 
to  the  number  of  three.  One 
superior,  to  the  muscles  of 
the  abdomen,  to  the  fold  of 
the  groin,  and  the  scrotum: 
a  middle,  to  the  integuments 
and  muscles  of  the  abdomen  : 
and  an  inferior,  to  the  skin 
of  the  thigh.  2.  A  genito- 
crural  branch  to  the  integu- 
ments of  the  scrotum,  the 
groin,  and  the  thigh.  3.  The 
crural  nerve,  to  the  integu- 
ments and  muscles  of  the 
thigh,  skin  of  the  leg,  and 
foot.  4.  The  obturator  nerve, 
to  the  muscles  at  the  inner 
part  of  the  thigh.  5.  The 
lumbosacral,  to  the  sciatic 
plexus.  It  gives  off  the  glu- 
teal nerve  to  the  glutsei 
muscles. 

4.  Sacral  Nerves. 

1st,  2d,  3d,  and  4^;^  j'^'*«f»;  ?'-««c7i.^.    They  form 

kacral  Pah-s |     X^^      "'''°''       "    '"'''''" 

(Anterior    Branches.      To    the 

5f7i  and  6^7t  Pairs <      parts  in  the  vicinity  of  the 

(_    coccyx. 

The  Posterior  Branches  ramify  on  the   muscles  and 
integuments  of  the  nates. 

'1.  Hemorrhoidal  nerves,  to  the 
rectum.  2.  Vesical,  to  the 
bladder.  3.  Uterine  and  va- 
ginal, to  the  vagina  and 
uterus.  4.  Inferior  gluteal^ 
to  the  gluteal  muscles,  peri- 
nfeum,  and  integuments  of 
the  posterior  part  of  the 
thigh,  5.  Pudic,  to  the  pe- 
rinseum,  penis,  or  vulva.  6. 
Sciatic,  divided  into  the  ex- 
ternal popliteal,  which  rami- 
fies on  the  integuments  and 
mu,'!cles  of  the  externid  side 
of  the  leg,  on  the  dorsum  of 
the  foot,  and  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  toes;  and  into 
the  internal  popliteal,  distri- 
buted on  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  two  last  toes,  to  the 
muscles  of  the  foot,  and  on 
the  plantar  surface  of  all 
the  toes. 


Sciatic  Plexus.. 


NERVES 


629 


NERVES 


Classifications  of  the  nerves  have  been  recom- 
mended according  to  their  uses,  in  preference  to 
the  ordinary  anatomical  arrangement.  It  has 
been  remarked  that  the  encephalic  nerves  have 
generally  one  root;  the  spinal  two.  Experi- 
ments and  pathological  facts  have  proved, 
that  the  anterior  column  of  the  marrow  and  the 
anterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves  are  inservient 
J  to  volition  or  voluntary  motion  :  and  that  the 
posterior  column  and  roots  are  destined  for 
sensibility.  Hence  the  spinal  nerves,  which  have 
two  roots,  must  be  the  conductors  both  of  motion 
and  feeling;  whilst  the  encephalic,  which,  with 
but  few  exceptions,  have  but  one,  can  possess  but 
one  of  these  properties  : — they  must  be  either  sen- 
sitive or  motor,  according  as  they  arise  from  the 
posterior  or  anterior  column  of  the  medulla: 
and,  consequently,  three  classes  of  nerves  may  be 
distinguished. 

("Arising,    by    a    single    root, 
,1-,  J      from  the  posterior  column 

" I      of  the  medulla  oblongata 

or  spinal  marrow. 
'Arising,    by   a   single    root, 

2.  Motor i      from  the  anterior  column 

(      of  the  same  parts. 

Q     p  J    f Which  have  two  roots:  one 

0.  jSensory      and    In.,  ,     .  , 

T,r,  •'  <      from  the  anterior,  and  one 

y     from  the  posterior  column. 

According  to  Sir  Charles  Bell,  the  medulla  ob- 
longata is  composed  of  three  columns  on  each 
side ;  an  anterior,  a  middle,  and  a  posterior. 
Whilst  the  anterior  and  posterior  columns  pro- 
duce the  nerves  of  motion  and  sensation  respec- 
tively, the  middle,  according  to  Sir  Charles, 
gives  rise  to  a  third  set  of  nerves  —  the  respira- 
tory.    To  this  order  belong : — 

1.  The    accessory  nerve    of  Willis,    or   siqjertor 

respiratory. 

2.  The  par  vagum. 

3.  The  glosso-pharyngeal. 

4.  The  facial  or  respiratory  of  the  face. 
6.  The  phrenic. 

6.  A  nerve  which  has  the   same  origin   as  the 
phrenic  ; — the  external  respiratory. 

When  a  horse  has  been  hard-ridden,  every  one 
of  these  nerves  is  in  action. 

This  division  is  now,  however,  generally  aban- 
doned, and  there  does  not  seem  to  be  a  third 
column,  especially  destined  for  respiration. 

Sir  C.  Bell,  again,  reduced  the  system  of 
nerves  to  two  gfeat  classes.  1.  Those  that  are 
regular,  primitive,  symmetrical,  and  common  to 
all  animals,  from  the  worm  to  man ;  which  have 
double  roots,  and  preside  over  sensibility  and 
motion :  and,  2.  The  irregular  or  superadded, 
■which  are  added  to  the  preceding,  in  proportion 
as  the  organization  of  animals  offers  new  or  more 
complicated  organs.     To  the  first  class  belong  all 


the  spinal  nerves  and  at  least  one  encephalic  — 
the  5th  pair ;  —  to  the  second,  the  rest  of  the 
nervous  system. 

Dr.  Marshall  Hall  has  proposed  a  division  of 
the  nervous  system,  which  is  calculated  to  ex- 
plain many  of  the  anomalous  circumstances  so 
frequently  witnessed.  He  proposes  to  divide  all 
the  nerves  into,  1.  The  cerebral  or  the  sentient 
and  voluntary.  2.  The  true  spinal  or  excito-mo- 
torj'.  3.  The  ganglionic  or  cyclo-ganglionic, — 
the  nutrient  and  secretory.  If  the  sentient  and 
voluntary  functions  be  destroyed  by  a  blow  upon 
the  head,  the  sphincter  muscles  will  still  contract 
when  irritated,  because  the  irritation  is  conveyed 
to  the  spine,  and  the  reflex  action  takes  place  to 
the  muscle  so  as  to  throw  it  into  contraction.  But 
if  the  spinal  marrow  be  now  destroyed,  the 
sphincters  remain  entirely  motionless,  because 
the  centre  of  the  system  is  destroyed.  Dr.  Hall 
thinks  that  a  peculiar  set  of  nerves  constitutes, with 
the  vesicular  centre  of  the  marrow  as  their  axis, 
the  second  subdivision  of  the  nervous  system ;  and 
as  those  of  the  first  subdivision  are  distinguished 
into  sentient  and  voluntary,  these  may  be  distin- 
guished into  the  excitor  and  motory.  The  first, 
or  the  excitor  nerves,  pursue  their  course  princi- 
pally from  internal  surfaces,  characterized  by  pe- 
culiar excitabilities,  to  the  centre  of  the  medulla 
oblongata  and  m.  spinalis ;  the  second,  or  the  motor 
nerves,  pursue  a  reflex  course  from  the  medulla 
to  the  muscles,  having  peculiar  actions  concerned 
principally  in  ingestion  and  egestion.  The  mo- 
tions connected  with  the  first  or  cerebral  subdi- 
vision are  sometimes,  indeed  frequently,  sp)onta- 
neous ;  those  connected  with  the  true  spinal  are, 
he  believes,  always  excited.  Dr.  Hall  thinks,  too, 
that  there  is  good  reason  for  viewing  the  fifth, 
and  posterior  spinal  nerves  as  constituting  an 
external  ganglionic  system  for  the  nutrition  of 
the  external  organs;  and  he  proposes  to  divide 
the  ganglionic  subdivision  of  the  nervous  system 
into,  I.  The  internal  ganglionic,  which  includes 
that  usually  denominated  the  sympathetic,  and 
probably  filaments  of  the  pneumogastric ;  and, 
2.  The  external  ganglionic,  embracing  the  fifth 
and  posterior  spinal  nerves.  To  the  cerebral  sys- 
tem he  assigns  all  diseases  of  sensation,  percep- 
tion, judgment,  and  volition  —  therefore  all  pain- 
ful, mental,  and  comatose,  and  some  paralytic 
diseases.  To  the  true  spinal,  excito-motory, 
reflex,  or  diastaltic  nervous  system,  belong  all 
spasmodic  and  certain  paralytic  diseases.  He 
properly  adds,  that  these  two  parts  of  the  ner- 
vous system  influence  each  other  both  in  health 
and  disease,  as  they  both  influence  the  ganglio- 
nic system. 

The  main  views  of  Dr.  Hall  on  the  excito^pio- 
tory  function  have  been  generally  embraced. 

The  following  tabular  view  of  the  arrangement 
and  connexions  of  the  nerves  and  nervous  centres 
has  been  given  by  Dr.  Carpenter.  It  affords  a 
good  general  view,  although  some  of  the  details 
might  admit  of  modification. 


NERVES 


630 


NERVES 


Tabulae  View  op  the  Nebtous  Centres. 

C  Cerebral  Ganglia, 

Afferent    fibres     derived  |  the  seat  of  the  formation  of  Ideas,  and  the  instrument 

from  Sensory  Ganglia;  ef-  J  of  the  Reasoning  processes  and  Will;  participating  also  1  from  Sensory  Ganglia;  ef- 
ferent fibres  transmitted  i  with  the  Sensory  Ganglia  in  the  formation  of  the  Emo-  f  fArPTit.  fihr^a  trans.nittprl 
to  motor  centres.  tions;  and  thus  the  original  source  of  Voluntary  and 

I  Emalicmal  moyements.  J 


Afferent     fibres     derived 


ferent  fibres  transmitted 
to  motor  centres. 


Afferent    fibres     derived  ") 
of  I 


from  posterior  column 
spinal  cord;  efferent  fibres 
transmitted  into  posters 
column. 


res  } 
ior 


f  Afferent     fibres    derived 

Cerebellic  Ganglia,  |  from  posterior  column  of 

for  harmonization  of  muscular  actions;  including  also  <  spinal  cord;  efferent  fibres 

I  transmitted    into 


the  ganglionic  centre  of  the  sexual  sense  (?). 


^  column. 


Cranio-Spinal  Axis, 

or  centre  of 

Automatic  actions ; 

including — 

f  Radiating  fibres  to  Cere- 
Sensort  Ganglia,  1  bral  Ganglia; — Nerves  of 
Common  and  Special  Sen-  !  the  seat  of  Sensation,  and  centre  of  Consensual  (or  In-  1  Common  and  Special  Sen- 
sation ; Motor     nerves  f  stinctive)  movements,  or  of  Automatic  actions  involving  ]  sation ;  —  Motor     nerves 

forming  part  of  general  I  sensation.  i  forming  part  of  general 

motor  system.  J  I  motor  system. 


Radiating  fibres  to  Cere-  "l 
bral  Ganglia;— Nerves  of 


Afferent 

and  motor 

nerves  of 

Respiration, 

Deglutition,  &c. 


Afferent 
and  motor 

fibres,  forming 
Trunks  of 

Spinal  Nerves. 


Respiratory 

and 

Siomato-Gasirio 

Ganglia, 
forming  the  true 

centres  of  the 

Medulla  Oblongata; 

instruments  of  Reflex 

movements  or  automar 

tic  actions  independent  of 

sensation. 


og.3  I 


o 


M 


&0 


'(R- 


Spinai, 

Ganglion,  or 

True  Spinal  Cord, 

consisting  of  a 
coalesced  series  of 
segmental  ganglia, 
the  instru- 
ments of  Reflex 
operations,  or  Au- 
tomatic actions  in- 
dependent of  Secsar 
tion. 


i3  S  oO  d 


-  ^    Eh 
S    S 


Afferent 

and  motor 

nerves  of 

Respiration, 

Deglutition,  «o 


Afferent 
and  motor 

fibres,  forming 
Trunks  of 

Spinal  Nervea. 


The  nerves  are  sheathed,  and  are  united  to  the 
neighbouring  parts,  by  an  abundant  layer  of  fatty 
areolar  texture,  which  sends,  inwards,  prolonga- 
tions that  separate  the  nervous  cords  and  fila- 
ments from  each  other.  The  arterial  trunks, 
distributed  to  them,  transmit  branches  into  their 
interior.  The  veins  follow  the  same  course  as 
the  arteries.  Absorbents  are  not  easily  traced 
even  on  the  greatest  trunks. 

Werve,  Accessory,  op  Willis,  Spinal  nerve 
—  n.  Articular,  Axillary  nerve  —  n.  Buccinator, 
Buccal  nerve. 

Nerve  Cells,  see  Neurine  —  n.  of  Cotunnius, 
Nasopalatine  nerve. 

Nerve,  Femoral  Cutaneous,  see  Genito-cru- 
rai  nerve  —  n.  Pemoro-popliteal,  lesser,  Sciatic 
nerve,  lesser. 

Nerve  Fibres,  Fila  ner'vea,  FibrcB  ner'vem. 
In  the  nerves  of  the  higher  animals,  two  forms  of 
nerve  fibre  exist — the  tubular,  and  the  gelatinous. 
In  the  minute  fibrils  or  tubules,  Tu'buli  ner'vei, 
full  of  nervous  matter,  which  constitute  the  former, 
there  is  a  difference  between  the  central  and  pe- 
ripheral portion  : — the  former  has  been  called  the 
axis  cylinder  and  primitive  band ;  the  latter,  the 
medidlary  or  white  substance  of  Schwann, — being 
that  to  which  the  peculiarly  white  aspect  of  ce- 
rebrospinal nerves  is  principally  due.  In  the 
gelatinous  fibre,  no  tubular  envelope  can  be  dis- 
tinguished, and  the  white  substance  of  Schwann 
seeras  to  be  wanting.  It  contains  numerous  cell- 
nuclei.     See  Neurine. 


Nerve,  Genital,  see  Genito-crural  nerve — n. 
Genito-crural,  see  Genito-crural  nerve  —  n.  Glu- 
teal of  the  Sacral  plexus,  Sciatic  nerve,  lesser — 
n.  Gustatory,  Hypoglossal  nerve  —  n.  Inguinal, 
internal,  Genito-crural  nerve  —  n.  of  Jacobson, 
see  Petrosal  ganglion — n.  Lateral  nasal,  Spheno- 
palatine nerve — n.  Lingual,  Hypoglossal  nerve — 
n.  Naso-ocularis,  Nasal  nerve  —  n.  Naso-palpe- 
bral.  Nasal  nerve — n.  Orbito-frontal,  Ophthalmic 
nerve  —  n.  Ocular,  Optic  nerve  —  n.  of  Organic 
life,  Trisplanchnic  nerve  —  n.  Palpebro-frontal, 
Frontal  nerve  —  n.  Popliteal  internal,  Tibial 
nerve,  posterior. 

Nerve  Power,  Nervous  power. 

Nerve,  Respiratory,  of  the  Face,  Facial 
nerve — n.  Respiratory,  superior.  Spinal  nerve — n. 
Scapulo-humeral,  Axillary  nerve — n.  Scrotal,  see 
Genito-crural  nerve — n.  Spiral,  Radial  nerve — n. 
Spiral,  muscular,  Radial  nerve — n.  Sub-occipital, 
Occipital  nerve  —  n.  Sub-pubian,  Genito-crural 
nerve — n.  Superficial  temporal.  Auricular  nerve — 
n.  Sympathetic,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n. Temporal 
cutaneous.  Auricular  nerve  —  n.  Ulnar,  Cubita 
nerve — n.  Vidian,  Pterygoid  nerve — n.  of  AVris- 
berg,  see  Cutaneous  nerves  —  n.  Zygomato-auri- 
cular,  Auricular  nerve. 

NERVES,  COSTAL,  Intercostal  nerves  — n. 
Dorsal,  Intercostal  nerves  —  n.  Eighth  pair  of, 
Pneumogastric  —  n.  Encephalic,  first  pair,  Olfac- 
tory nerves — n.  Encephalic,  eleventh  pair.  Spinal 
nerves — n.  Ethmoidal,  Olfactory  nerves — n.  Fifth 
pair,  Trigemini — n.  Fourth  pair  of,  Patheticus  ner- 


NERVEUX 


631 


NEURALGIA 


VU:-' — n.Tnfra-orbitar.Sub-orbitar  nerves — n. Ninth 
pair  of,  Hypoglossal  nerve  —  n.  Oculo-muscular, 
common,  Motores  oeulorum  ■ — n.  Phrenic,  Dia- 
phragmatic nerves — n.  Recurrent,  Laryngeal  infe- 
rior nerves— n.  Sixth  pair  of,  Motor  oculi  esternus 
—  n.  Spinal,  Vertebral  nerves  —  n.  Tenth  pair  of, 
Pneumogastric—n. Third  pair  of,Motores  oeulorum. 

NERVEUX.  Nervous. 

NERVI  ACROMIALES,  Acromial  nerves  — 
n.  Anonymi,  Innominati  nervi — n.  Claviculares, 
Clavicular  nerves — n.  Cutanei  clunium  inferiores, 
see  Sciatic  nerve,  lesser  —  n.  Divisi,  Trigemini  — 
n.  Entobajnontes,  Afferent  nerves — n.  Gustatorii, 
Trigemini. 

Nbevi  Molles.  '  Soft  nerves.'  The  anterior 
branches  of  the  superior  cervical  ganglion  of  the 
great  sympathetic,  which  accompany  the  carotid 
artery  and  its  branches,  around  which  they  form 
intricate  plexuses,  and,  here  and  there,  small 
ganglia.  They  are  called  molles  from  their  soft- 
ness, and  suhru'fi,  from  their  reddish  hue. 

Nervi  Odoratorii,  Olfactory  nerves  —  n.  Re- 
versivi,  Laryngeal  inferior  nerves  —  n.  Subrufi, 
Nervi  molles — n.  Vulneratio,  Neurotrosis. 

NERVIMO'TION,  Nervimo'tio,  from  nerviis, 
'nerve,'  and  motio,  'motion.'  A  name  given,  by 
M.  Dutrochet,  to  the  movement  which  is  caused 
in  the  organs  of  the  senses  by  external  agents, 
and  transmitted  to  the  muscles  by  the  nerves. 

NERVIMO'TOR,  (F.)  Nervhnofeur.  An  epi- 
thet given,  by  M.  Dutrochet,  to  external  agents, 
which  are  capable  of  causing  nervimotion. 

NERVINE,  Nervi'niis,  Neurot'ic,  Neurit'ic, 
Antineurotic,  Antineuropath' ic,  (F.)  Nevrotiqiie, 
from  nervuB,  'a  nerve.'  A  medicine  which  acts 
on  the  nervous  system. 

NERVOUS,  Nervo'sus,  Neuro'dea,  Ner'veus, 
Neu'ricue,  (F.)  Nerveux.  Same  etymon.  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  nerves.  Strong.  Also, 
weak,  irritable. 

Nervous  Attack,  (F.)  Aftaque  des  nerfs,  is  an 
affection  accompanied  with  spasm,  pain,  and  dif- 
ferent nervous  symptoms,  to  which  impressible 
individuals  are  liable. 

Nervous  Centres,  see  Centres,  nervous. 

Nervous  Diath'esis  is  termed  Atax'ia  spiri- 
tuum,  Anoma'lia  nervo'rum,  Status  nervo'sus  seu 
erethit'icvs,  Diath'esis  seu  Constitu'tio  nervo'sa, 
Ner'vousness.  Medically,  nervousness  means  unu- 
sual impressibility  of  the  nervous  system.  For- 
merly, it  signified  strength,  force,  and  vigour. 
Recently,  it  has  been  applied  to  a  hypochondri- 
acal condition  verging  upon  insanity,  occasion- 
ally occurring  in  those  in  whom  the  brain  has 
been  unduly  tasked;  —  a  condition  termed  by 
some  eerehrop' athy ;  by  others,  hrain-fag. 

Nervous  Diseases,  Morhi  nervo'si,  (F.)  3fa- 
ladies  nerveuses.  Affections  seated  in  the  ner- 
vous system.  To  purely  functional  disease  of 
the  nerves.  Dr.  Layeock  has  given  the  name 
neura'mia,  and  to  the  class  of  diseases  he  applies 
the  epithet  neurrn'mic. 

Nervous  Fluid,  Nervous  principle,  Fhi'idum 
seu  Liq'uidum  ner'veum,  Siiccus  nerveus,  Spir'itus 
vita'lis.  The  fluid  which  is  supposed  to  circulate 
through  the  nerves,  and  which  has  been  regarded 
as  the  agent  of  sensation  and  motion.  Of  this 
fluid  we  know  nothing,  except  that  it  resembles, 
in  many  respects,  the  electric  or  galvanic.  It 
was  formerly  called  Animal  spirits,  Spir'itus  ani- 
ma'les,  (F.)  Ef^prits  animaux. 

Nervous  Pain,  Neuralgia. 

Nervous  Power,  Nerve  power,  Vis  nervo'sa 
seu  nervo'rum,  Neurodyna'mia,  Neiirodt/'namis. 
The  power  of  the  nerves  as  exhibited  in  the  liv- 
ing organism. 

Nervous  Principle,  Nervous  fluid. 

Nervous  System.  The  nerves  and  nervous 
centres  considered  collectively.     See  Nerves. 


Nervous  System  of  the  Automatic  Func- 
tions, Trisplanchnic  nerve  —  n.  System,  gangli- 
onic, see  Trisplanchnic  nerve  —  n.  System,  or- 
ganic, see  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  System  of  the 
senses,  Medulla  oblongata  —  n.  System  of  volun- 
tary motion,  &c.,  Medulla  spinalis. 

NERVOUSNESS,  Nervous  diathesis. 

NERVUS,  see  Nerve,  Penis — n.  Acusticus, 
Auditory  nerve — n.  Ambulatorius,  Pneumogastric 
nerve — n.  Anonymus,  Trigemini — n.  Auditorrus, 
Auditory  nerve  -n.  Caroticus,  Carotid  nerve — n. 
Cervico-facialis,  Cervico-facial  nerve  —  n.  Com- 
municans  faciei.  Facial  nerve — n.  Cutaneus  inter- 
nus,  see  Saphenous  nerves — n.  Cutaneus  internus 
longus,  see  Saphenous  nerves — n.  Decimus,  Pneu- 
mogastric— n.  Ganglionicus,  Trisplanchnic  nerve 
— n.  Genito-cruralis,  Genito-crural  nerve — n.  Hy- 
poglossus,  Hypoglossus. 

Nervus  Impar.  a  prolongation  of  the  neuri- 
lemma below  the  lower  extremity  of  the  spinal 
cord,  as  a  fibrous  filament,  which  is  inserted  into 
the  base  of  the  coccyx.  It  was  formerly  regarded 
as  a  nerve  : — hence  its  name. 

Nervus  Incisivus,  Incisive  nerve  —  n.  Inno- 
minatus,  Trigemini — n.  Ischiadicus,  Sciatic  nerve 
— n.  Juvenilis,  Penis — n.  Latus,  Achillis  tendo — 
n.  Lingualis  lateralis,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve  — 
n.  Lingualis  medius.  Hypoglossal  nerve  —  n.  Lo- 
quens,  Hypoglossus  —  n.  Lumbo-inguinalis,  Ge- 
nito-crural nerve  —  n.  Mixtus,  Trigemini  —  n. 
Musculi  pterygoidei.  Pterygoid  nerve — n.  Naso- 
ciliaris.  Nasal  nerve  —  n.  Opticus,  Optic  nerve  — 
n.  Pneumogastricus,  Pneumogastric  —  n.  Pudcn. 
dus  externus,  see  Genito-crural  nerve  —  n.  Quin- 
tus,  Trigemini — n.  Spermaticus,  see  Genito-crural 
nerve — n.  Subcutaneus  malse,  Orbitar  nerve — n. 
Sympatheticus  medius,  Trigemini,  Pneumogastric 
nerve  —  n.  Sympatheticus  magnus,  Trisplanchnic 
nerve  —  n.  Sympatheticus  minor,  Facial  nerve — 
n.  Sympathicus,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  Sympa- 
thicus  medius,  Trigemini  —  n.  Temporo-facialis, 
Temporo-facial  nerve  —  n.  Timidus,  Motor  oculi 
externus  —  n.  Tremellus,  Trigemini  —  n.  Tris- 
planchnicus,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  Trochlearis, 
Patheticus  nervus  —  n.  Vagus,  Pneumogastric 
nerve  —  n.  Vagus  cum  aecessorio,  Spinal  nerve 
— n.  Vaso-motorius,  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

NES,  Nasus. 

NESPITE,  Melissa  calamintha. 

NESTIA,  Jejunum. 

NESTIATRIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTIS,  Jejunum. 

NESTITHERAPEIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTOTHERAPEIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTROOT,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

NETLEAF,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

NETTING,  Urine. 

NETTLE,  ARCHANGEL,  WHITE,  Lamium 
album  • — n.  Day,  Lamium  album  —  n.  Dead,  La- 
mium album,  L.  amplexicaule — n.  Dwarf,  Urtica 
urens — n.  Hedge,  Galeopsis — n.  Horse,  Solanum 
Carolinense — n.  Pill-bearing,  Urticaria  pilulifera. 

Nettle  Rash,  Urticaria — n.  Springe,  Urticaria. 

Nettle,  Stinging,  Common,  Urtica, 

Nettle  Tree,  Celtis  occidentalis. 

NETWORT.  Goodyera  pubescens. 

NEURADYNAMIA,  Neurasthenia. 

NEURjEMIA,  see  Nervous  diseases. 

NEUR^MIC,  see  Nervous  diseases. 

NEURAL;  from  vcvpov,  'a  nerve.'  Relating 
to  a  nerve  or  to  the  nervous  system. 

Neural  Arch.  The  arch  formed  by  the  pos- 
terior projections  connected  with  the  body  of  the 
vertebra,  which  protect  the  medulla. 

Neural  Axis,  see  Encephalon  —  n.  Spines, 
Spinous  processes. 

NEURAL'GIA,  from  v^vpov,  'a  nerve,'  and 
aXyof,  '  pain.'  RJieumatis'mus  spii'rius  nervo'itus, 
Neurodyn'ia,    (F.)    Nevralgie,   Nevrodynie,   Ner- 


NEURALGIA 


632 


NEUUILEMMITIS 


vous  pain.  A  generic  name  for  a  certain  numter 
of  diseases,  the  chief  symptom  of  which  is  a  very 
acute  pain,  exacerbating  or  intermitting,  -which 
follows  the  course  of  a  nervous  branch,  extends 
to  its  ramifications,  and  seems,  therefore,  to  be 
seated  in  the  nerve.  The  principal  neuralgias 
have  been  distinguished  by  the  numes  facial  (of 
which  the  infra-orhitar,  maxillury ,  and  frontal 
are  but  divisions) — the  ilio-scrotal,  femoro-jiopli- 
teal,  fenioro-pretibial,  plantar,  and  cubito-digital. 
A  division  of  anomalous  neuralgiee  has  likewise 
been  admitted. 

All  varieties  of  neuralgia  are  obstinate,  and  the 
greatest  diversity  of  means  has  been  made  use 
of: — bleeding,  general  and  local,  —  emetics,  pur- 
gatives, rubefacients,  vesicants,  actual  cautery, 
parcoties,  mercurial  frictions,  electricity ;  de- 
struction of  a  portion  of  the  nerve,  &c.  The 
most  successful  remedy,  perhaps,  is  the  carbo- 
nate of  iron,  given  in  doses  of  some  magnitude; 
as,  for  instance,  Jss  or  Qij,  twice  or  thrice  a  day, 
in  molasses.  This  plan  of  treatment,  continued 
for  a  month  or  two,  will  often  relieve,  and 
ultimately  remove  this  much  dreaded  affection. 
The  mode  in  which  it  acts  is  by  no  means  clear; 
but  it  is  almost  as  certain  as  any  other  remedy 
nsed  in  disease  in  producing  its  salutary  effects. 
The  bowels  must  be  kept  free ;  and  all  inflam- 
matory symptoms  removed  during  its  adminis- 
tration. 

Neural'gia,  Anom'alous.  Under  this  name 
Chaussier  has  included  different  neuroses,  some 
of  which  are  characterized  by  acute  pains  circum- 
scribed within  a  short  compass,  or  extending  by 
irradiations,  but  not  having  their  seat  in  the 
course  of  a  nerve;  and  others  which  are  occa- 
sioned by  tumours  in  the  course  of  a  nerve,  or 
which  succeed  contusions  or  incomplete  divisions 
of  nerves. 

Neuralgia  Brachialis,  Brachialgia — n.  Bra- 
chio-thoracica,  Angina  pectoris  —  n.  Cerebralis, 
Hemicrania  —  n.  Coeliaca,  Neuralgia  of  the  solar 
plexus  (Romberg)  —  n.  Cruralis,  N.  femoro-ti- 
bialis. 

Neuralgia  Cu'bito-Digitalis,  Is'chias  ner- 
vo'sa  digita'lis.  In  this  variety  the  pain  extends 
from  the  part  where  the  nerve  passes  under  the 
inner  condyle  to  the  back  of  the  hand  and  to  its 
cubital  edge. 

Neuralgia  Dextalis,  Odontalgia  nervosa. 
Neuralgia,  Fa'cial,  Neuralgia  fa'ciei,  Tris- 
mus maxilla'ris  seu  Dolorif'icus  seu  Clon'icvs, 
Opsial'gia,  Dolor  cru'cians  faciei  seu  faciei  pe- 
riod'icua,  Hemicra'nia  idiopath'ica,  Autal'gia 
doloro'sa.  Tic  douloureux,  Dolor  faciei  sen  faciei 
typ'ico  characte're  seu  faciei  Fotheryill'i,  Rheu- 
matis'mus  caiicro'sus.  Rhematis'mus  larva'tim,  Pro- 
sojjal'gra,  Prosopodyn' ia ,  Fehris  top'ica,  Opkthal- 
modyn'ia  period'ica,  Tortu'ra  Oris,  Affectus  spas- 
inodico-cnnvidsi'vus  Lahio'rum,  Face  ag)ie,\s  cha- 
racterized by  acute  lancinating  pains,  returning 
at  intervals;  and  by  twinges  in  certain  parts  of 
the  face,  producing  convulsive  twitches  in  the 
corresponding  muscles.  It  may  be  seated  in  the 
frontal  nerve,  in  the  infra-orbitar,  or  in  the  max- 
illary branch  of  the  fifth  pair. 

Metopodyn'ia,  Brow-ague,  Neural'gia  fronta'- 
lis,  Ophthalmodyn'ia,  Tic  douloureux.  Dolor  pe- 
riod'icus,  &c.,  commences  at  the  superciliary  fora- 
men and  extends  along  the  ramifications  of  the 
frontal  nerve  that  are  distributed  on  the  forehead, 
upper  eyelid,  caruncula  lacrymalis,  and  nasal 
angle  of  the  eyelids.  Sometimes  it  is  felt  parti- 
cularly in  the  orbit. 

Neuralgia  infra-orhita'ria.  Dolor  faciei  atrox, 
Rheumatis'mus  cancro'sus.  Trismus  don' i ens,  Pro- 
sopal'gia,  Fehris  top'ica,  Odontal'gia  remit'tens 
et  intermit' tens,  Hemicra'nia  scBva,  Infra-orhitar 
■neuralgia,  Tic  douloureux,  is  chiefly  felt  in  the 


infra-orbitar  foramen,  whence  it  passes  to  the 
cheek,  upper  lip,  ala  nasi,  lower  eyelid,  &c. 

In  Neuralgia  maxilla'ris,  Gnathal'gia,  GnatTio- 
neural'gia,  Tic  douloureux.  Trismus  catarrTia'lia 
maxillaris,  the  pain  usually  sets  out  from  the 
mental  foramen  and  passes  to  the  chin,  lips,  tem- 
ple, teeth,  and  tongue. 

Neuralgia,  False.  A  term  assigned  to  pains 
along  a  nerve  or  its  ramifications,  produced  by 
some  body  compressing  it, — those  pains  termina- 
ting with  the  removal  of  the  compressing  cause. 
Neuralgia  Fem'oro-poplit^'a,  N.  Ischiad'ica, 
Sciat'ica,  Schias,  Malum  ischiad'icvm,  Ilorbua 
ischiad'icus,  Passio  ischiad'ica.,  Isch'iagra,  Is- 
ehial'gia,  Ischio'sis,  Ischioneural'gia,  Coxal'gia, 
Dolor  Ischiad'icus  nervo'sus,  Is'chias,  I.  nervo'sa 
Cotugnii  seu  Cotunnii,  I.  nervo'sa  posti'ca  seu 
rheuma'tica,  Neurisch'ias,  Cox'agra,  Ischiat'ica, 
Ischonewal'gia,  (Prov.  Devonshire)  Bone-shave, 
(F.)  Sciatique,  Goutte  sciatique.  This  is  charac- 
terized by  pain  following  the  great  sciatic  nerve 
from  the  ischiatic  notch  to  the  ham,  and  along  the 
peroneal  surface  of  the  leg  to  the  sole  of  the  foot. 
Neuralgia  FEu'oRo-PRiETiBiA'Lis,  N.  crural, 
Ischias  nervo'sa  anti'ca,  Seelal'gia  anti'ea.  In 
this,  the  pain,  setting  out  from  the  groin,  spreads 
along  the  fore  part  of  the  thigh,  and  passes  down, 
chiefly  on  the  inner  side  of  the  leg,  to  the  inner 
ankle  and  back  of  the  foot. 

Neuralgia  of  the  Heart,  Angina  pectoris  — 
n.  Hepatica,  Hepatalgia, 

Neuralgia  Ilio-Scrotal  has  been  rarely  ob- 
served. It  is  characterized  by  a  very  acute  pain, 
in  the  course  of  the  branches  of  the  first  lumbar 
pair;  this  pain  follows  the  crista  ilii  and  accom- 
panies the  spermatic  vessels  to  the  testicle,  which 
is  often  painfully  retracted. 

Neuralgia,  Lead,  see  Lead  rheumatism  —  n. 
Lienis,  Splenalgia. 

Neural'gia  Mamw^,  Ir'ritahle  breast.  An  ex- 
ceedingly painful  afiFection  of  the  female  mamma, 
unaccompanied  by  inflammation. 

Neuralgia  Planta'ris.  This  is  rare ;  and 
the  pain  is  confined  to  the  course  of  the  plantar 
nerves. 

Neuralgia  Renum,  Nephralgia  —  n.  Spinalis, 
Spinal  irritation — n.  Testis,  Orchidalgia. 

N  E  U  R  A  N  A  G  E  N  N  E'SIS,  Neuranaph'ysis, 
vtvpov,  'a  nerve,' and  avay^vvaw,  'to  regenerate.' 
Regeneration  or  renewal  of  a  nerve. 

NEURANAPHYSIS,  Neuranasennesis. 
NEURAPOPHTSIS,  see  Vertebrse. 
NEURASTHENI'A,   Neuradyna'mio,  DebiV- 
ifas  nervo'sa.     Debility  or  impaired   activity  of 
the  nerves;  from  vnpov,  'a  nerve,'  and  aaBe'vun, 
'  debilitv.' — See  Irritable. 

NEURECTOMIA,  from  vcvfiov,  'a  nerve,'  and 
cKTOfiii,  'excision.'     Excision  of  a  nerve. 
NEURICUS,  Nervous. 

NEURILEM'MA,  Neurile'ma,  Neurily'ma, 
Neu'rymen,  Perineu'rion,  Fis'tula  seu  Tu'bulus 
seu  Cap'snla  seu  Involu'crum  nervo'rum,  Mem- 
bra'na  seu  ITembran'ida  seu  Tu'nica  seu  Indtt- 
men'tum  nervo'rum,  Vagi'na  nervo'rum/  (F.) 
Nevrillme,  Perinevre  ;  from  vcvpov,  '  a  nerve,'  and 
"Xtfifia,  'a  coat.'  The  fine  transparent,  and  appa- 
rently fibrous  membrane  that  surrounds  the 
nerves — to  every  filament  of  which  it  forms  a  true 
canal. 

Robin  restricts  the  term  perinevre  to  the  struc- 
ture that  invests  the  primitive  bundles  of  nerves; 
and  every  nervous  filament.  It  differs  from  the 
neurilemma,  in  its  ordinary  acceptation,  which 
forms  a  coat  of  some  thickness  in  the  larger 
nerves,  and  supports  the  nutrient  vessels,  whilst 
the  perinevre  exhibits  no  capillaries. 

NEURILEMMATITIS,  Neurilemmitis. 
NEURILEMMI'TIS,    Neurilemmati'tis,   Neu- 
rolemmati'tis,  Neurili'tis,  (F.)  Nivrilemite,  from 


NEURILITIS 


63  3 


NJSVROTOME 


neurilemma,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Same  etymon.     Inflammation  of  the  neurilemma. 

XEURILITIS,  Neurilemmitis. 

NEURILYMA,  Neurilemma. 

NEURIXE,  Medul'la  nervo'nim,  (F.)  Nevrine, 
Alhiunine  cerehrale  ou  du  cerveau,  from  vevpov,  'a. 
ner^e.'  The  substance  of  which  the  nervous 
system  is  composed.  It  consists  chiefly  of  albu- 
men and  a  peculiar  fatty  matter,  associated  with 
phosphorus.  There  are  two  kinds  of  neurine — > 
the  one  vesicular  or  consisting  essentially  of 
neroe  vesicles  or  nerve  cells  or  corpuscles,  or,  as 
they  are  sometimes  called,  from  their  prevailing 
in  the  ganglia — ganglion  corpuscles  and  ganglion 
globules  ;  the  Other,  the  tubular,  formed  —  as  the 
word  imports  —  of  tubules.  The  former  is  the 
cineritious  or  cortical  nervous  matter  of  the  older 
anatomists;  —  the  latter,  the  white  or  7iiedullary. 
The  vesicular  neurine  has  appeared  to  be  re- 
stricted to  the  production  and  distribution  of 
nerve-power;  the  tubular,  to  its  conduction;  yet 
the  experiments  of  Dr.  Brown-Sequard  show, 
that  the  former  conveys  sensitive  impressions 
from  the  posterior  spinal  roots  to  the  brain. 

NEURISCHIAS,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea. 

NEURITIC,  Nervine. 

NEURI'TIS,  Inflarnma'tio  nervo'ruvi,  Nexiro- 
phlogo'sis,  Neurophleg'mone,  (F.)  Inflammation 
des  Nerfs,  Nevrite,  from  vevpov,  '  a  nerve,'  and 
itis,  a  sufBx  denoting  inflammation.  Inflamma- 
tion of  a  nerve. 

NEUROBLACI'A,  from  vevfiov,  'a.  nerve,'  and 
pKaKEia,  'stupor.'     Insensibility  of  the  nerves. 

NEUROCHONDRO'DES,  from  vtvpov,  'a  si- 
new,' ;^oi'^pof,  'a  cartilage,'  and  eihog,  'resem- 
blance.' A  hard  substance  between  a  sinew  and 
a  cartilage. 

NEURODES,  Nervous. 

NEURODYNAMIA,  Nervous  power. 

NEURODYNAMIS,  Nervous  power. 

NEURODYNIA,  Neuralgia. 

NEUROGAMIA,  Magnetism,  nnimal. 

NEUROG'RAPHY,  Xeurograph'ia  ;  from  vev- 
pov, 'a  nerve,'  and  yP'^'Pl,  'a-  description.'  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  nerves. 

NEUROHYPNOL'OGY,  ]'ieurohypnolog"ia, 
from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  'vtvo;,  'sleep,'  and  Xoyo;, 
'a  treatise.'  A  name  given  by  Mr.  Braid  to  his 
theory  of  magnetic  sleep.  See  Magnetism,  ani- 
mal. 

NEURO-HYPNOTISM,  see  Magnetism,  ani- 
mal. 

NEUROLEMMATITIS,  Neurilemmitis. 

NEUROL'OaY,  Neurolog"ia,  (F.)  Nevrologie, 
from  vevpov,  '  a  nerve,'  and  \oyoq,  '  a  discourse.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  nerves. 

NEURO'MA,  (F.)  Xevrom.e,  from  vevpov,  'a 
nerve.'  A  morbid  enlargement  of  a  nerve.  Ap- 
plied to  subcutaneous,  circumscribed,  and  highly 
painful  tumours  formed  on  the  tissue  of  the 
nerves;  and  likewise  to  a  small,  hard,  grayish  tu- 
mour, Neiiroma'tion,  Nervous  ganglion,  painful 
ta'bercle,  of  the  size  of  a  pea,  which  is  observed 
in  the  course  of  nerves,  and  appears  to  be  formed 
from  the  neurilemma. 

NEUROMALA'CIA;  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,' 
and  fiaXiiKLa,  '  softening.'     Softening  of  nerves. 

NEUROMATION,  Neuroma. 

NEUROMETERES,  Psose. 

NEUROMYELI'TIS,  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,' 
pveXoi,  'marrow,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  medullary  matter  of 
the  nerves. 

NEURON,  see  Nerve. 

NEURON'OSOS,  Nenronu'sos,  from  vtvpov,  'a 
nerve.'  and  voaa^,  'a  disease.'  A  disease  of  the 
nerves.  _ 

NEURONYG'ME,  Neuronyg'mus,  Neuronyx'ie, 


from  vevpov,   'a  nerve,'   and   vvypn,   'puncture;' 
Punc'tio  nervi.     Puncture  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROPATH'IC,  Neuropath' icus,  fromvtvpov, 
'a  nerve,'  and  nado;,  'a  disease.'  Belonging  to 
disease  of  the  nerves,  to  Neuropathi' a  or  Neu- 
ron'osos. 

NEUROPHLEGMONE,  Neuritis. 

NEUROPHLOGOSIS,  Neuritis. 

NEUROPLAS'TY,  Neuroplas'tice,  (F.)  Nev- 
roplastie,  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and  vrXaanKos, 
'  forming.'  M.  Serres  applies  this  term  to  a  gan- 
glionary  alteration  of  the  peripheral  nerves. 

NEUROPYRA,  Fever,  nervous.  Typhus  mitior. 

NEUROPYRETUS,  Fever,  nervous,  Typhus 
mitior. 

NEURO'SES,  (F.)  Nevroses,  from  vevpov,  'a 
nerve.'  A  generic  name  for  diseases  supposed 
to  have  their  seat  in  the  nervous  system,  and 
which  are  indicated  by  disordered  sensation,  vo- 
lition, or  mental  manifestation  ;  without  any  evi- 
dent lesion  in  the  structure  of  the  parts,  and 
without  any  material  agent  producing  them. 
Such  is  the  usual  definition.  Broussais  attributes 
them  to  a  state  of  irritation  of  the  brain  and  spi- 
nal marrow. 

NEURO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 

NEUROSPASM!,  see  Spasm. 

NEUROSTHENI'A,  (F.)  Nevrosthenie,  from 
vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and  aOeveia,  'strength.'  Excess 
of  nervous  irritation.     Nervous  irritation. 

NEUROTHELIG  APPARATUS,  Corpus  pa- 
pillare. 

NEUROTIC,  Nervine. 
_  NEUROT'ICA.     Diseases  of  the  nervous  func- 
tion.    The  4th  class  of  Good's  Nosology. 

NEUROTOME,  Nevrotome. 

NEUROT'OMY,  iVe«roto»i'/a,  (F.)  Nevrotomie. 
Same  etymon.  Dissection  of  nerves.  Also,  an 
incised  wound  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROTRO'SIS,  Neurotros'mus,  Irom  vevpov, 
'  a  nerve,'  and  t-ouo-ij,  'wounding.'  Nervi  vulne- 
ra'tio.     Wound  or  wounding  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROTROSMUS,  Neurotrosis. 

NEURYMEN,  Neurilemma. 

NEUTA,  Neutha.  A  membrane,  according  to 
Paracelsus,  which  covers  the  eyes  and  ears  of  the 
foetus  in  utero. 

NEUTRAL,  from  neuter, '  neither.'  Belonging 
to  neither  in  particular. 

Neutral  Salts,  Sec'ondnry  salts,  (F.)  Seh 
neutres.  Salts,  composed  of  two  primitive  saline 
substances,  combined  together,  and  not  possess- 
ing the  characters  of  acid  or  of  base. 

NEVIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Thermal 
springs  in  the  department  of  Allier,  France. 
Temperature,- 136°  to  148°  Fahrenheit. 

NEVRALGIE,  Neuralgia— tj.  du  Foie,  Hepa- 
talgia — n.  des  Reins,  Nephralgia — n.  de  I'  Uterus, 
Hysteralgia. 

NE  VRILEME,  Neurilemma. 

NE  VRILEMITE,  Neurilemmitis. 

NEVRINE,  ^QurmQ. 

NE  VRITE,  Neuritis. 

NE  VR  OD  YNIE,  Neuralgia. 

NE  VR  OL  0  GIE,  Neurology. 

NEVROME,  Neuroma. 

NEVROSE  DU  CCEUR,  Angina  pectoris. 

NEVROSES,  Neuroses. 

NEVROSTHENIE,  Neurosthenia. 

NEVROTHELE,  from  vevpov,  'nerve,'  and 
•J17X7;,  'papilla.'  Concerning  the  papillae  of  the 
skin. 

Appakeil  Nevrothele.  The  papillary  appa- 
ratus, or  arrangement  of  the  skin  in  the  aggregate. 
— Breschet. 

NE  VR  0 TOME,  Neurotome, Neurol' omus  ;  from 


NiVROTOMIE 


634 


NIPPLE 


vtvpov,  'a  nerve,'  and  tijivus,  'I  cut/  'I  dissect.' 
An  instrument  used  by  anatomists  to  dissect  the 
nerves.  It  is  a  long  and  very  narrow  scalpel, 
having  two  edges. 

NSVROTOMIE,  Neurotomy. 
NEVUS,  Nsevus. 

NEW  JERSEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
In  the  upper  part  of  Morris  county  and  in  the 
county  of  Hunterdon,  near  the  top  of  Musconet- 
cong  mountain,  there  are  chalybeate  springs, 
which  are  resorted  to.  See  Schooley's  Mountain. 
NEW  YORK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  chief  waters  are  those  of  Saratoga,  Ballston, 
Sharon,  and  Avon. 

NEXUS  STAMINEUS  OGULI,  Ciliary  body. 
NEZ,  Nasus. 

NGEREXGERE.  A  singular  disease,  with 
the  New  Zealanders,  which  Dr.  Arthur  S.  Thom- 
son considers  to  be  a  varietj'  of  such  diseases  as 
the  Elephantiasis  Gr^corum,  Lepra  of  the  Cos- 
sacks, &c.,  and  which  he  proposes  to  call  Lepra 
ganqrano'sn. 

N^IANDRIA  ANOMALA,  Anisodus  luridus. 
NICARAGUA  WOOD,  see  Cajsalpinia. 
NIC'COLI  SALES,  Salts  of  Nickel,  (F.)  Sels 
de  Nickel.  These  salts  are  gentle  tonics,  and 
have  been  given  with  advantage  in  periodic 
headache,  and  in  chlorosis  and  amenorrhcca.  The 
dose  of  the  sulphate  is  gr.  ss  or  gr.  j,  three  times 
a  day. 

NICCOLUM,  Nickel. 

NICE,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  Nice 
possesses  some  advantages  over  the  neighbour- 
ing climates  of  Provence  and  Italy,  being  free 
from  the  sirocco  of  the  latter,  and  protected 
from  the  mistral  of  the  former.  Spring  is  the 
most  unfavourable  season.  The  climate  is  very 
dry.  It  has  been  a  great  winter  retreat  for  the 
consumptive;  but  does  not  deserve  the  enco- 
miums that  have  been  passed  upon  it. 

NICKAR  TREE,  Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 
NICKEL,  Niccolum,  from  (G.)  Nickel,  'a 
prostitute.'  A  term  of  detraction,  having  been 
applied  by  the  old  German  writers  to  what  was  | 
regarded  as  a  kind  of  false  copper  ore.  A  white 
malleable  metal,  s.  g.  8-8;  less  oxidizable  than 
iron.  The  sulphate  has  been  given  as  a  tonic  in 
the  dose  of  half  a  grain  to  a  grain. 

NICODE'MI  O'LEUM,  Oil  of  Nicode'mtts. 
An  oil  made  by  digesting,  for  some  time, — in  a 
mixture  of  white  wine  and  olive  oil, — old  turpen- 
tine, litharge,  aloes,  saffron,  oxyd  of  zinc,  &c. 

NICOTIANA,  N.  tabacum  — n.  Minor,  N. 
rustiea. 

Nicotia'na  Rus'tica,  called  after  Nicot,  who 
carried  it  to  Europe  ;  N.  minor,  Priapei'a,  Byoa- 
cy'amus  lu'ieus,  English  or  Wild  Tobacco.  Ord. 
Solanaceffi.  The  leaves  possess  the  properties  of 
tobacco,  but  are  milder. 

NiCOTiANA  Tab'accm,  Nicotia'na,  Berha  ta- 
baci,  Tahaenm,  Pettim,  Petnn,  Hyoscy'amua  Pe- 
ruvia'nus,  Tobacco,  Virgin' ia  tobacco,  Drunk- 
wort,  (F.)  Tabac,  Nicotiane.  Tobacco  is  a  violent 
aoro-narcotic  ;  its  properties  seeming  to  depend 
upon  a  peculiar  principle,  Nicntin  or  Nicotiauin, 
It  is  narcotic,  sedative,  diuretic,  emetic,  ca- 
thartic, and  errhine.  In  incarcerated  hernia,  it 
is  injected,  in  the  form  of  smoke  or  infusion,  but 
requires  great  caution.  It  is  extensively  and 
habitually  used  as  an  errhine  andsialogogue.  The 
infusion  is  used  to  kill  vermin,  and  in  some  cuta- 
neous eruptions. 

NICOTTANE.  Nieotiana  tabacum. 
NICOTIANIN,  see  Nieotiana  tabacum. 
NICOTIN,  see  Nieotiana  tabacum. 
NICTATTO.  Hippus,  Nictatio. 
NICTA'TION,  Nictn'tio,  Nictita'tio,  from  nic- 
tare,  nietatiun,  'to  wink.'     Clonus  nictita'tio,  Ble- 


pJiarism'us,  Palpebra'tio,  Twinkling  of  the  eye, 
(F.)  Clignotement,  Cillement.  A  rapid  and  re- 
peated movement  of  the  eyelids,  which  open  and 
shut  alternately.  As  occasionally  performed,  it 
is  physiological;  if  repeatedly,  a  disease.  It 
seems  to  be  executed  chiefly  by  the  motor  7th 
pair  of  nerves;  but  it  is  necessary  that  the  ex- 
citor  5th  pair  should  likewise  be  in  a  state  of 
integrity. 

NIDAMENTUM,  Decidua. 
NIDDICK,  Nucha. 
NIDOREUX,  Nidorous. 

NI'DOROUS,  Nidoro'sus,  (F.)  Nidoreux,  from 
Nidor,  Cnissa,  'the  smell  of  any  thing  burnt,' 
&c.  Having  the  smell  of  burnt  or  corrupt  ani- 
mal matter. 

NIDUS,  Nidus  hirundinis. 
NiDTJS  Hirhn'dinis,  Nidus,  Sicalloios'  Nest. 
A  deep  fossa  in  the  cerebellum  —  so  called  from 
its  fancied  resemblance — situate  between  the  ve- 
lum medullare  posterius  in  front,  and  the  nodu- 
lus  and  uvula  behind. 

NIEDERBRONN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
Saline  waters  in  the    department    of  Bas-Rhin, 
France,  which  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  and  carbonic  acid. 
NTELLE^-S\o;e\laL. 

NIEPA  BARK,  see  Samadera  Indica. 
NIGELLA,  Coptis. 

'Nige'l'l.a,  N.  Sati'va;  0)-(f.  Ranunculaceae:  (ni- 
grella,  from  niger,  'black.)  Melan'thinm,  Cumi'- 
num  Nigrum,  Fennel  flower.  Nutmeg  floicer.  Devil 
in  a  bush,  (F.)  Nigelle,  Nielle,  Faux  cumin,  Fleur 
Sainfe-Cafherine.  This  small  southern  European 
and  Syrian  plant  was  formerly  used  medicinally 
as  an  expectorant  and  deobstruent,  errhine,  sia- 
logogue,  &c. 

NIGELLE,  Nigella. 
NIGHT-BLINDNESS,  Hemeralopia. 
NIGHT  EYES,  Crusta  genu  equinse — n.  Mare, 
Incubus. 

NIGHTSHADE,  AMERICAN,  Phytolacca 
decandra — n.  Bittersweet,  Solanum  dulcamara — 
n.  Common,  Solanum  —  n.  Deadly,  Atropa  bella- 
donna—  n.  Enchanter's,  Circ»a  Lutetiana  —  n. 
Garden,  Solanum  —  n.  Palestine,  Solanum  sanc- 
tum—  n.  Stinking,  Hyoscyamus  niger  —  n.  Vine, 
Solanum  dulcamara  —  n.  Woody,  Solanum  dul- 
camara. ^ 

NIGREDO  A  SOLE,  Ephelides. 
NIGRITA,  Negro. 

NIGRITIES.Melanopathia— n.  Ossium,  Caries. 
NIGRITISM,  Melanopathia. 
NIGRITUDO,  Melanosis— n.  Pulmonum,  Me- 
lanosis pulmonum. 

NIGROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 
NIGROR,  Melasma. 
NIGRUM  OCULL  Pupil. 
NIHIL  ALBUM,  Zinci  oxydum — n.  Griseum, 
Zinci  oxvdum. 
NILIACUM,  Mel. 

NIMA   QUASSIOi'DES,  Sima'ba  qunssioides, 
a  native  of  Nepal  and  the  Himalava  mountains, 
is  as  bitter  as  quassia,  and  is  used  like  it, 
NINDSIN,  Sium  ninsi. 
NINE  BARK,  Spirsa  opulifolia. 
NINE-DAY  FITS,  Trismus  nascentium. 
NINSI,  Sium  ninsi. 
NINSING,  Panax  quinquefolium. 
NINZIN,  Sium  ninsi. 

NIPPLE,  Sax.  nypele.  The  Teat,  Tit,  Tet, 
Dug,  Pop.  (Old  Eng.)  Neble,  Titty;  Acromns'tinm, 
JJber,  Staph'yfis,  Staphyl'ium,  Buhona,  3Iammil'- 
la,  Mammel'lo,  Papil'tn,  P.  mnmmoi,  U'beris 
apex,  Thele,  Tit'tlie.  Titthos.  Tit'fhion,  Titthis, 
(F.)  Mamelon,  Bout  de  sein.  The  conical  tubercle, 
situate  at  the  centre  of  the  breast.  Towards  the 
central  part  of  each  breast  the  skin  changes 
colour,  and  assumes  a  rosy  tint  in  young  females. 


NIPPLEWORT 


635 


NODOSIA 


or  a  reddish  brown  in  those  who  have  suckled 
several  children.  The  circle  is  called  the  Areola 
or  Aureola  of  the  nipple.  The  nipple  is  capable 
of  erection  on  being  excited. 

Nipple,  Artificial,  Bout  de  Sein. 
NIPPLEWORT,  Lapsana. 
NIRLES,  Herpes  phlycteenodes. 
NIRMALLEES,  Strychnos  potatorum. 
NIRMILLIES,  Strychnos  potatorum. 
NISUS,    Nixiia,  Peira,  Straining,   from    Lat. 
nitor,  nisus,  and  nixne,  '  to  endeavour.'   A  volun- 
tary retention  of  the  breath,  so  as  to  force  down 
the  diaphragm  ;  the  abdominal  muscles  bein^  at 
the  same  time  contracted  forcibly.     In  this  man- 
ner the  contents  of  the  abdomen  are  compressed ; 
and  the  evacuation  of  the  faeces,  urine,  &c.,  is 
effected. 

Nisus,  Effort  —  n.  Eormativus,  Plastic  force. 
Nisus  Partdrienticm.     The  efforts  or  forcing 
during  parturition. 

NITEDULA,  Cicindela. 

NITON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
springs  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  contain  iron,  and 
sulphate  of  alumina  and  potassa. 

NITRAS,  Nitrate  —  n.  Hydrargyricus,  se« 
Hydrargyri  nitras  —  n.  Hydrargyrosus,  Hydrar- 
gyri  nitras — n.  Kalicus,  Potassae  nitras — n.  Lix- 
ivise,  Potassae  nitras — n.  Natricum,  Soda,  nitrate 
of  —  n.  Plumbicus,  Plumbi  nitras  —  n.  Potassae 
cum  sulphure  fusus,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sul- 
phatis  paucillo  mixtus  —  n.  Sub-bismuthicum, 
Bismuth,  sub-nitrate  of. 

NI'TRATE,  Nitras,  Az'otate.  A  salt,  formed 
Qf  a  base  and  nitric  acid.  Several  nitrates  are 
employed  in  medicine. 

NITRATE  AGIBE  BE  MERGURE,  see 
Hydrargyri  nitras — n.  d' Ammoniaque,  Ammoniae 
nitras — n.  d' Argent,  Argenti  nitras — ii.  Mercureux, 
Hydrargyri  nitras. 

NITRE,  Potassae  nitras  —  n.  Cubic,  Soda,  ni- 
trate of. 

NITRIC,  Ni'tricus,  (F.)  Nitrique,  from  nitrum, 
'nitre.'     Appertaining  or  relating  to  nitre. 

Nitric  Acid,  Aeidum  ni'tricum  seu  azo'ticum 
seu  sep'ticuni  seu  nitri,  Aqua  fortis.  Nitrous  acid, 
Spir'itus  nitri  duplex  seu  nitri  fumans  seu  nitri 
Glauhe'ri  seu  nitri  ac"idus,  Azot'ic  acid,  Dephlo- 
gist'icated  nitrous  acid,  Oxysepton'io  acid,  (F.) 
Acide  nitrique  ou  azotique.  Nitric  acid  is  ob- 
tained from  nitre — Nitrate  of  potassa.  Its  odour 
is  suffocating ;  taste  very  acid  and  caustic.  It  is 
corrosive,  liquid,  colourless,  and  transparent. 
S.  g.  1-500. 

Strong  nitric  acid  is  rarely  used  except  as  an 
application  to  foul,  indolent  ulcers,  or  to  warts. 
When  given  internally,  it  is  in  the  form  of  the 
AciDUM  ni'tricum  dilu'tum,  Spir'itus  nitri  sim- 
plex seu  nitri  vulga'ris  —  Diluted  nitric  acid, 
■which,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States, 
consists  of  nitric  acid,  f^i,  water,  f^ix  by  mea- 
sure. Diluted  largely  with  water,  it  is  used,  as  a 
drink  in  fevers  of  the  typhoid  kind ;  in  chronic 
affections  of  the  liver,  syphilis,  &c. ;  but  in  the 
latter  affections,  it  is  not  to  be  depended  upon. 

NITROGEN,  from  vtrpov,  'nitre,'  and  y£vvau>f 
'I  generate.'     Azote. 

Ni'trogen,  Ga'seous  Oxide  of.  Nitrous  oxide, 
Protox'ide  of  nitrogen  or  of  azote,  Paradise,  In- 
toxicating or  Laughing  gas,  Dephlogis'ticated  ni- 
trous gas,  Gas  azot'icum  oxygena'tum.  This  gas, 
when  respired,  produces  singular  effects;  great 
mental  and  corporeal  excitement;  and,  generally, 
so  much  exhilaration  as  to  render  the  appellation, 
"laughing  gas"  hj  no  means  inappropriate.  It 
has  not  been  much  used  in  medicine,  although 
recommended  in  paralysis.  Its  effects  are  too 
violent  and  too  transient  to  render  it  a  valuable 
remedial  agent;  and,  in  the  delicate,  it  has  been 


productive  of  unpleasant  effects,  inducing  palpi- 
tation, fainting,  and  convulsions. 

Nitrogen,  Protoxide  of,  Nitrogen,  gaseous 
oxide  of. 

NITROGENE,  Azote. 
NITROGENIUM,  Azote. 

NI'TROGENIZED,  A'zoted,  A'zotized,  (F.) 
Azote.  Containing  nitrogen  or  azote: — as  a  »);'- 
trogenized,  azoted,  or  azotized  aliment. 

NITRO-MURIAT'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  nitro- 
muriat'icum  seu  muriaticum  nitro' so-oxygena' tunif 
Mena'trunm  auri,  Nitro-hydrochlor'ic  or  Hydro- 
chloro-nitric  acid,  Aqua  regia  seu  styg"ia  seu  regis 
Ghrysalea,  (F.)  Eau  regale.  A  mixture  of  the 
nitric  and  muriatic  acids,  has  been  used  in  dis- 
eases of  the  liver,  in  the  form  of  a  bath  for  the 
feet  and  legs,  made  sharply  acidulous.  It  has, 
also,  been  employed,  and  with  more  uniform  re- 
sults, in  cutaneous  affections.  Whatever  advan- 
tage it  may  posses  in  internal  diseases — and  these 
advantages  are  doubtful — they  are  probably  de- 
pendent upon  the  chlorine  formed  by  the  mixture, 
or  upon  the  properties  possessed  by  the  mineral 
acids  in  general.     See  Chlorine. 

The  Aeidum  nitro-muriaticum  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States  is  formed  by  mixing 
four  fluidounces  of  nitric  acid  with  eight  of 
muriatic  acid. 

NITROUS  OXIDE, Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide  of. 

NITRUM,  Natron,  Potassae  nitras  —  n.  Anti- 
quorum,  Soda  —  n.  Cubicum,  Soda,  nitrate  of — 
n.  Factitium,  Borax  —  n.  Flammans,  Ammoniae 
nitras  —  n.  Lunare,  Argenti  nitras — n.  Prismati- 
cum,  Potassae  nitras  —  n.  Rhomboidale,  Soda, 
nitrate  of — n.  Saturninum,  Plumbi  nitras — n.  Vi- 
triolatum  Schroederi,  Potassae  sulphas — n.  Tabu- 
latum,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sulphatis  paucillo 
mixtus — n.  Vitriolatum,  Potassae  sulphas. 

NIX,  Snow — n.  Fumans,  Calx  viva — n.  Zinci, 
Zinci  oxydum. 

NIXUS,  Nisus  —  n.  Parturientium,  Nisus  par- 
turientium. 

NOAH'S  ARK,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

NOBLE,  Noh'ilis.     Principal,  Essential. 

Noble  Parts,  Partes  essentia'ks.  Some  ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  parts,  without 
which  life  cannot  exist;  such  as  the  heart,  liver, 
lungs,  brain,  &c.  The  organs  of  generation  have, 
likewise,  been  so  called. 

NOCAR, vM/cap,  Torpor Soporif'icuB.    Lethargic' 
torpor. 

NOCTAMBULATIO,  Somnambulism. 

NOCTAMBULISMUS,  Somnambulism, 

NOCTAMBULUS,  Somnambulist. 

NOCTISURGIUM,  Somnambulism. 

NOCTUI'NI  OC'ULL  Gray  or  blue  eyes.— 
Castelli. 

NOCTURNA  BELLA,  Coitus. 

NOCTUR'NAL,  Noctur'nus,  Nyeter'inus,  from 
nox,  noctis,  'night.'  Relating  to  night,  as  Fehria 
noctur'na  seu  nycter'ina.  A  fever  occurring  ia 
the  night. 

NODDING,  Annuitio,  Nutatio. 

NODDLEPOX,  Syphilomania. 

NODE,  Nodus,  Emphy'ma  exosto  sis  perios'tea, 
(F.)  Nodosite,  Nceud;  from  Hebr.  TJ,  'a  heap.' 
A  hard  concretion  or  incrustation,  which  forms 
around  joints  attacked  with  rheumatism  or  gout. 
Some  include,  under  this  name,  exostoses,  arti- 
cular calculi,  ganglions,  and  even  the  chronic 
swellings  of  the  joints  known  under  the  name 
of  white  swellings. 

NODES,  Edentulus. 

NODI  DIGITOBUM  MANUS,  Phalanges  of 
the  fingers — n.  Lactea,  Infarctus  mammae  lacteua 
— n.  Nervorum,  Ganglions,  nervous — n.  Hsemor- 
rhoidales,  see  Haemorrhois. 

NODOL  Nefrendes. 

NODOSIA,  see  Nefrendes. 


NODOSITE 


636 


NOSOGENIA 


]^0B  OSITJE,  Node. 

NODULI  AKAN'TII,  Nochdi  Jlorgagn'ii, 
Cor'pora  Aran'tii.  The  small  sesamoid  bodies 
situate  on  the  periphery  of  the  semilunar  valves 
of  the  aorta  and  pulmonary  artery  for  the  better 
occlusion  of  the  artery. 

NoDULi  MoKGAGNii,  NoduU  Arantii  —  n.  Ner- 
vorum, Ganglions,  nervous. 

NOD'ULUS,  diminutive  oi nodus,  'a  knot.'  A 
small  knot  A  small  prominence  or  lobule  in  the 
portion  of  the  cerebellum,  which  forms  the  poste- 
rior boundary  of  the  fourth  ventricle.  The 
nodulus  is  on  the  median  line,  and  before  the 
uvula.     See  Vermiform  process,  inferior. 

NODULUS  UTERINUS,  Pessary. 

NODUS,  Articulation,  Edentulus,  Encystis, 
Hamma — n.  Cerebri,  Pons  Varolii  —  n.  Chirurgi- 
cus,  Knot,  surgeon's  —  n.  Encephali,  Nceud  de 
V Eticephale,  Pons  Varolii — n.  Hystericus,  Angone 
— n.  Vitas,  Centrum  vitale. 

NOESrS,  Intellect. 

NCEUD,  Node  —  n.  du  Ohirurgien,  Knot,  sur- 
geon's— 11.  d'Emhalleur,  Knot,  packer's. 

NCEUD  DE  L'ENCEPUALE  (F.),  Nodus 
Enceph'ali.  M.  Cruveilhier,  under  this  name, 
includes  the  pons  Varolii,  peduncles  of  the  cere- 
brum and  cerebellum,  and  the  tubercula  quadri- 
gemina. 

NCEUD  VITAL,  Centrum  vitale. 

NCEUD S,  Calculi,  arthritic. 

NOIR  ANIMAL,  Carbo  animalis— w.  d'Os, 
Carbo  animalis. 

NOISETIER,  Corylus  avellana. 

NOISETTE,  Corylus  avellana  (nut). 

NOIX,  Juglans  regia  (nux)  —  n.  Amiricaine, 
Jatropha  curcas — re.  des  Barbades,  Jatropha  cur- 
cas — n.  Cathartique,  Jatropha  curcas — )(.  d'Eau, 
Trapa  natans — n.  de  Galle,  see  Quercus  infectoria 
—  n.  d'Igasur,  Ignatia  amara — n.  de  Serpent,  see 
Thevetia  Ahouai — «.  Vomique,  see  Strychnos 
nux  vomica. 

NOLA  CULINARIA,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 

NOLI  ME  TANGERE,  Lupus,  see  Chancreux 
(^Bouton.) 

NOMA,  Cancer  aquatieus — n.  Pudendorum, 
Colpocace  infantilis. 

NOMAD,  Nomade,  Nomas,  {vojia;,  votiaSog,) 
from  vo//!?,  'pasturage.'  An  epithet  given  to  people 
who  have  no  fixed  habitation,  and  who  travel, 
with  their  flocks,  from  country  to  country,  for 
pasturage.  Such  are  the  Tartars.  By  analogy, 
the  word  Nomad' ic  has  been  applied  to  a  spreading 
ulcer. 

NOMBRIL,  Umbilicus  —  n.  de  Venus,  Cotyle- 
don umbilicus. 

NOME,  Cancer  aquatieus.  Phagedenic  ulcer. 

NOMENCLATURE,  Nomenela'tio,  Nomen- 
clatu'ra,  Onomatolog"ia,  Onomatocle'sis,  Termon- 
ol'ogy,  Terminol'orjy,  Glossol'ogij,  Orismol'ogy, 
from  ovojia,  '  name,'  and  Ka'Xtu),  '  I  call.'  A  col- 
lection of  terms  or  words  peculiar  to  a  science  or 
art.  In  all  sciences,  nomenclature  is  an  object 
of  importance;  and  each  term  should  convey  to 
the  student  a  definite  meaning.  The  Lavoisier- 
ian  nomenclature  was  a  valuable  gift  to  che- 
mistry ;  and  anatomy  has  derived  advantage  from 
the  labours  of  Barclay,  Dumas,  and  Chaussier, 
who  have  given  names  to  parts  indicative  of  their 
situation.  See  Muscle.  The  nomenclature  of 
pathology  has  required  the  greatest  attention; 
and  although  repeated  attempts  have  been  made 
to  improve  it,  the  barbarous  terms  that  disgrace 
it  are  still  frequently  adopted.  It  consists  of 
Hebrew  and  Arabic  terms ;  Greek  and  Latin, 
French,  Italian,  Spanish,  German,  English,  and 
even  Indian,  African,  and  Mexican  ;  often  bar- 
barously and  illegitimately  compounded.  A  want 
of  principle  in  founding  the  technical  terms  of 
medicine  is  every  where  observable.     They  have 


been  formed:  —  1.  From  colour;  as  Melcf.na.^ 
Melas,  AtrahiUs,  Leuce,  Alphos,  Chlorosis,  Bu- 
heola,  Scarlatina,  Purpura,  &c,  2.  From  dura- 
tion j  as  ejihemeral,  quotidian,  tertian,  and  quar- 
tan, continued,  and  intermittent,  &c.  3.  From 
Birds,  Beasts,  Fishes,  Insects,  and  Plants;  as 
Rabies  canina,  Cynanche,  Boulimia,  Pica,  Hip- 
popyon.  Elephantiasis,  Urticaria,  Lichen,  Ich- 
thyo'sis,  &c.  4.  From  Persons  or  Places ;  as 
Jlorbus  Herculeus,  Fades  Hippocratica,  Lepra 
Arabum,  Plica  Polonica,  Sudor  Anglicus,  Blorbua 
Gallicus,  Ignis  Sancti  Antonii,  Chorea  Sancti 
Viti,  &c. 

NOMUS,  Cancer  aquatieus. 

NON-COMPOS,  Lunatic. 

NoN-CojiPos  Mentis,  Lunatic. 

NON-NAT'URALS,  N'on  natxira'lia.  Under 
this  term  the  ancient  physicians  comprehended 
air,  meat,  and  drink,  sleep  and  watching,  motion 
and  rest,  the  retentions  and  excretions,  and  the 
affections  of  the  mind.  They  were  so  called,  be- 
cause they  affect  man  without  entering  into  his 
composition,  or  constituting  his  nature;  but  yet 
are  so  necessary  that  he  cannot  live  without  them. 

NONPLACENTAL,  see  Placental. 

NON-SANE,  Insane. 

NON-STRIATED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see 
Muscular  fibre. 

NONUS  HUMERI  PLACENTINI,  Teres 
minor  —  n.  Linguae  musculus,  Genio-glossus  —  n. 
Vesalii,  Peron^us  tertius. 

NOOS,  Intellect. 

NORICE,  Nurse. 

NORMA  VERTICALIS,  see  Normal. 

NORMAL,  Norma'lis,  from  norma,  '  a  perpen- 
dicular,' 'a  rule.'  According  to  rule;  perpen- 
dicular. 

The  normal  line,  norma  vertica'lis,  of  Blumen- 
bach,  is  a  vertical  line  let  fall  from  the  promi- 
nence of  the  frontal  bone  and  shaving  the  supe- 
rior maxillary,  so  as  to  mark  the  projection  of 
the  latter  bone  beyond  the  arch  of  the  forehead. 

NORRIS'S  DROPS,  see  Antimonium  tartari- 
zatum. 

NORTH  CAROLI'NA,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  The  chief  springs  are  the  Warm  and  Hot 
Springs  of  Buncombe.  Temperatures  varying 
from  94°  to  104°  Fahr.  They  have  not  much 
mineral  impregnation,  and  have  the  properties 
of  the  thermal  waters  in  general. 

NORTON'S  DROPS,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxy- 
muriatis. 

NORYSS,  Nurse. 

NOSACERUS,  Sickly. 

NOSE,  Nasus  —  n.  Bleed,  Epistasis. 

Nose,  Running  at  the,  Coryza. 

NOSELI'A,  voa7]\eia,  Nosoeome'sis,  Nosoconii'a, 
from  voao?,  '  disease.'     Care  of  the  sick. 

NOSEMA,  Disease. 

NOSENCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Nosencephale,  from 
votrof,  'disease,'  and  eyKi(pa)^os,  'brain.'  A  mon- 
ster whose  skull  is  open  only  on  the  frontal  and 
parietal  regions,  the  posterior  fontanelle  being 
distinctly  present. 

NOSEROS,  Insalubrious,  Sick. 

NOSEUMA,  Disease. 

NOSOCOMESIS,  Noselia. 

NOSOCOxMIA,  Noselia. 

NOSOCO'MIAL,  Nosocomia'lis,  from  voctoko- 
fittov,  (vo(To;,  'a  disease,'  and  KOfieo),  '1  take  care 
of,')  'an  hospital.'  Relating  to  an  hospital,  —  as 
'nosocomial  or  hospital  fever.' 

NOSOCOMIUM,  Hospital. 

NOSOCOMUS,  Infirmier. 

NOSOCRATIC,  Specific. 

NOSODES,  Insalubrious,  Sick,  Sickly. 

NOSODOCHIUM,  Hospital. 

NOSOGENESIS,  Pathogeny 

NOSOGENIA,  Pathogeny. 


NOSOGEXT 


637 


NOW 


NOSOGENT,  Patbogeny. 

NOSOGEOGRAPHY,  Geography,  medical. 

NOSOG'RAPHY,  Nosocjraph'ia,  from  voao?,  'a. 
disease/  and  ypacpw,  '  I  describe.'  A  description 
of  diseases. 

NOSOL'OGY,  Nosolog"ia,  from  voaoq,  'a  dis- 
ease,'and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'  A  name  given  to  that 
part  of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  classification 
of  diseases.  The  most  celebrated  nosological 
systems  have  been  those  of  Sauvages  (1763),  Lin- 
naeus (1763),  Vogel  (1764),  Sagar  (1776),  Mac- 
bride  (1772),  Cullen  (1772),  Darwin  (1796),  Selle, 
Crichton  (1S04),  Parr  (1809),  Swediaur  (1812), 
Pinel  (1813),  Young  (1813),  Good  (1817),  Hosack 
(1818),  &c.  Besides  these  general  nosographies, 
others  have  been  published  on  Surgery  exclu- 
sively, none  of  which  are  particularly  worthy  of 
enumeration  amongst  nosological  systems.  No- 
sological arrangements  have,  also,  been  formed 
of  single  families  or  groups  of  diseases.  Plenck, 
of  Baden,  is  the  author  of  two  different  treatises 
of  this  kind:  the  one,  a  methodical  arrangement 
of  the  diseases  of  the  eyes,  and  the  other,  of  cu- 
taneous diseases.  Dr.  Willan  published  an  ar- 
rangement of  cutaneous  diseases,  which  was  com- 
pleted by  Dr.  Bateman,  and  adopted  into  the 
Nosology  of  Dr.  Hosack.  Mr.  Abernethy,  also, 
published  a  methodical  classification  of  tumours, 
and  many  other  partial  nosological  classifications 
might  be  enumerated.     Also,  Pathology. 

NOSON'OMY,  Nosonom'ia,  from  voaog,  'a  dis- 
ease,' and  ovo/ia,  'name.'  The  nomenclature  of 
diseases. 

NOSOPH'YTA,  from  vocro;, '  disease,'  and  (pvrov, 
'  a  plant.'  A  disease  supposed  to  be  produced  by, 
or  to  consist  in  the  development  of  parasitic 
plants — as  porrigo,  mentagra,  &c. — Gruby. 

NOSOPCE'US,  Nosopoet'icus,  from  voaoi,  'dis- 
ease,' and  rroiEU),  '  I  make.'  That  which  causes 
disease. 

NOSOS,  Disease. 

NOSOTAX'Y,  Nosotax'ia,  from  voaoq,  'a  dis- 
ease,' and  rafff,  'arrangement.'  The  distribution 
and  classification  of  diseases. 

NOSOTHEO'RIA,  from  vomq,  'disease,'  and 
Seutpia,  'doctrine.'  The  doctrine  or  theory  of 
disease. 

NOSTAL'GIA,  from  vooroj,  'return,'  'a  jour- 
ney home,'  and  aXyog,  'pain.'  Nostoma'nia,  Nos- 
traa'sia,  ApodeiniaU yia,  Pathopatridal'gia,  Puto- 
jyatridal'gia,  PhilopatridaV gia,  Philopatridoma' - 
nia,  Adenion'ia,  Ademos'yne,  Home-sickness,  (F.) 
Nostalgie,  Maladi'e  du  pays.  An  affection  pro- 
duced by  the  desire  of  returning  to  one's  country. 
It  is  commonly  attended  by  slow  wasting,  and 
sometimes  by  hectic,  which  may  speedily  induce 
death.  M.  Pinel  properly  regards  it  as  a  variety 
of  melancholy. 

NOSTOMANIA,  Nostalgia. 

NOSTRASSIA,  Nostalgia. 

NOSTRILS,  Nares. 

NOSTRUM,  Arcanum. 

Nostrum,  Chittick's.  An  empirical  remedy 
for  s^one  in  the  bladder,  said  to  be  a  solution  of 
alkali  in  veal-broth. 

NOTA  MATERNA,  Navus  — n.  Primitiva, 
Groove,  primitive. 

NOT^  INFANTUM,  Nsevi. 

NOTAL,  Dorsal. 

NOTAL'GIA,  Notial'gia,  {Nostalgia,  impro- 
perly, of  Kochlin  and  others,)  from  vurof,  'the 
back,'  and  aXyo?, '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  back.  Spinal 
irritation. 

NOTANENCEPHALIA,  see  Notencephalus. 

NOTCH,  Teut.  No  eke,  Ital.  Nocchia,  Emar- 
gina'tio,  Emarginatu'ra,  (F.)  Ecliancritre.  A 
depression  or  indentation  of  difi"erent  shape  and 
size,  observed  on  the  circumference  or  edges  of 
certain  bones. 


Notch  of  the  Concha,  Incisura  tragica. 

Notch,  Ethmoid'al,  (F.)  Echancrure  ethmoi- 
dale,  is  situate  on  the  frontal  bone,  and  joins  the 
ethmoid. 

Notches,  Ischiat'ic,  (F.)  Eehanemres  Ischia- 
tiques,  are  two  in  number  :  —  the  greater  and  the 
less.  The /o)-we)- is  large,  situate  at  the  inferior 
part  of  the  pelvis,  and  formed  by  the  sacrum  and 
ilium.  It  gives  passage  to  the  sciatic  nerve,  py- 
ramidalis  muscle,  and  to  the  superior  gluteal  ves- 
sels and  nerves.  The  latter  is  much  smaller  than 
the  other,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  sciatic 
spine.  It  gives  passage  to  the  tendon  of  the  ob- 
turator internus,  and  to  the  internal  pudic  vessels 
and  nerves. 

Notch,  Parot'id,  (F.)  Echancrure  parotidi- 
enne,  is  the  triangular  space  comprised  between 
the  parotid  edge  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone 
and  the  mastoid  process;  so  called,  because  it 
lodges  the  parotid  gland.  The  notches  in  soft 
parts  are  generally  called  Fissures. 

Notch,  Scap'ular,  Incisu'ra  scapida'ris,  Lu'~ 
nula  scap'ulcB,  (F.)  Echancrure  seapulairs.  The 
notch  on  the  superior  edge  or  costa  of  the  scapula, 
which  is  converted  into  a  foramen  by  means  of  a 
ligament,  and  gives  passage  to  the  suprascapular 
nerve. 

Notch,  Semilunar  of  the  STERNtJif,  Four- 
chette. 

NOTENCEPHALTA,  see  Notencephalus. 

NOTENCEPH'ALUS,  from  vcorot,  'the  back,' 
and  EyKe(pa\o;,  '  the  brain.'  A  monster  whose 
head,  with  the  brain,  is  on  the  back.  The  con- 
dition is  termed  Notencepha'lia  and  Notanen- 
cepha'lia. — I.  G.  St.  Hiliare. 

NOTHEUSIS,  Degeneration. 

NOTHIA,  Degeneration. 

NOTHROTES,  Torpor. 

NOTHUS,  False. 

NOTIiEUS,  Dorsal  — D.  Myelus,  Medulla  spi- 
nalis. 

NOTIALGIA,  Notalgia. 

NOTOM'ELES,  from  vutoj,  'the  back,'  and 
fitXeo;,  'unprofitable.'  A  monster  with  super- 
fluous flesh  on  the  back. 

NOTOMYELITIS,  Myelitis. 

NOTOMYELUS,  Medulla  spinalis. 

NOTON,  Dorsum. 

NOTOS,  Dorsum,  Vertebral  column 

NOUAGE  BE  LA  GORNEE,  Caligo. 

NOUE,  {Bandage)  (F.)_;  'knotted,'  from  nodus, 
'a  knot.'  A  bandage  which  has  a  considerable 
number  of  knots  placed  over  each  other.  It  is 
made  with  a  roller,  6  or  7  ells  long,  rolled  into 
two  balls,  and  is  used  to  compress  the  parotid 
region,  after  the  extirpation  of  the  parotid  gland. 

Also,  an  epithet  applied  to  children  in  whom 
the  disease  of  rickets  has  swollen  the  articula- 
tions. 

It  is,  likewise,  applied  to  the  gout  when  it  has 
caused  nodes  on  the  joints. 

NOUET  (F.),  Nod'ulus.  A  bag  filled  with 
medicinal  substances,  and  infused  in  a  liquid  to 
communicate  their  properties  to  it. 

NOUFFER'S,  MADAME,  REMEDY,  Poly- 
podium  filix  mas. 

NOURRIGE,  Nurse. 

NOURRICIER,  Nutritious. 

NOURRITURE,  Aliment. 

NOUS,  Intellect. 

NOVURE,  Rachitis. 

NOUVEAU-NE  (F.),  ('new-born,')  Neona'- 
tus,  nuperrime  Natns,  Neog'enes,  Neog'iles,  Neog'- 
ilus,  Neog'onus,  Neog'nus,  Infans  recens  natus. 
That  which  has  been  just  born.  A  new-born 
infant. 

NOVACULA,  Razor. 

NOW,  Vertex. 


NOYAU 


638 


NUTRITIOUS 


iV^OF^C/,  see  Cytoblast. 
NOYAU  CENTRAL  JOES PEDONCULES 
DU  GERVELET,  Corpus  dentatum. 

NO  YER,  Juglans  regia — n.  de  Ceylon,  Adha- 
toda. 

NOYRIS,  Nurse. 

NUAGE,  Nebula. 

NUBECULA,  Enreoreraa,  Nebula. 

NUBBS,  Enseoretna,  Nebula. 

NU'BILB,  Nu'hilis,  'marriageable,'  'fit  to 
marry.'  Generally,  the  period  of  puberty  is  con- 
sidered to  be  the  age  at  which  both  sexes  are 
nubile.  They  are  truly  nubile,  however,  only 
when  they  are  fitted  to  procreate  healthy  and 
vigorous  children,  and  are  competent  to  discharge 
their  duties  as  parents. 

NUBIL'ITY,  Nuhil'itaa,  (F.)  Nuhilite ;  same 
etymon.  The  state  of  being  nubile  or  marriage- 
able. 

NUBILOSUS,  Nepheloid. 

NUCES  AQUATIC.E,  see  Trapa  natans— n. 
Querciis,  see  Quercus  alba. 

NUCHA,  Jn'ium,  Nucha  cup'itis,  (F.)  Nuque. 
The  ntike,  hinder  part  or  nape  of  the  neck, 
(Prov.)  Niddick.  The  part  where  the  spinal 
marrow  begins. 

Ligamen'tum  Nuchce.  A  strong  ligament  from 
the  neck,  proceeding  from  one  spinous  process  to 
another,  and  inserted  into  the  occipital  bone.  It 
is  very  strong  in  quadrupeds.  It  is  called  in 
them  Paxyicaxy,  Paxwax,  Packioax,  formerly, 
Faxioav,  and  Taxwax. 

NUCHAL  RE'GION,  Re'gio  nnchcB  seu  mt- 
cha'Us  seu  occipita'lis  infe'rior,  from  nucha.  The 
region  of  the  nucha  or  nape  of  the  neck. 

NUCISTA,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

NUCK,  CANAL  OF.  A  small  prolongation 
of  the  peritoneum  often  sent  into  the  inguinal 
canal  of  the  female  foetus.  So  called  from  Nuck, 
who  first  described  it. 

NU'CLBATED,  Nuclea'tus,  from  nucleus,  'a 
kernel.'  Having  a  nucleus  or  central  particle. 
Applied  to  the  elementary  cells  of  organized  tis- 
sues ;  the  vital  properties  of  which  are  seated  in 
tiie  nucleus.     See  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEATED  CELL,  see  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEI  CEMBR^,  see  Pinus  Cembra  — n. 
Ossei,  Ossification,  points  of — n.  PineiB,  see  Pinus 
pinea. 

NUCLEIN,  see  Globules  of  the  blood. 

NUCLEOLB,  see  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEOLULE,  see  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEOLUS,  see  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEUS,  see  Cytoblast — n.  Blastodermatis, 
Tache  emhryonnaire-~n.  Centralis,  Corpus  denta- 
tum —  n.  Cicatriculse,  Tache  embryonnaire  —  n. 
Dentatus,  Corpus  dentatum  —  n.  Dentis,  Dental 
pulp  —  n.  Encased,  Cytoblast  —  n.  Fimbriatus, 
Corpus  dentatum  —  n.  Furunculi,  see  Furunculus 
—  n.  Germinal,  see  Molecule  —  n.  Germinativus, 
see  Molecule  —  n.  Olivae,  Corpus  dentatum  —  n. 
Ossificationis,  Ossification,  point  of — n.  Rhom- 
boidalis,  see  Corpus  dentatum. 

NUCULA  TERRESTRIS,  Bunium  bulbocas- 
tanum. 

NUKE,  Nucha. 

NULE-KNEED,  Entogonyancon. 

NUMERICAL  METHOD,  se'e  Method,  nume- 
rical. 

NUM'MULAR,  Nummula'rie.  Relating  to 
money,  from  nummtis,  'money.'  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  the  sputa  in  phthisis,  when  they  flatten 
at  the  bottom  of  the  vessel,  like  a  piece  of  money, 
and  to  the  mode  of  aggregation  of  the  red  cor- 
puscles of  the  blood — 'nummular  rolls.' 

NUMMULARIA,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 

NUMPOST,  Abscess. 

NUPHAR  AD'VENA,  NymphcB'a  ad'vena. 
Yellow  Pond  Lily,  Spatterdock.     Order,   Nym- 


pheaceae ;  indigenous  in  Canada  and  the  United 
States.  The  root  is  a  popular  tonic,  and  the 
fresh  root  bruised  is  applied  as  a  cataplasm. 

NuPHAR  LuTEUM,  Nymphsea  lutea. 

NUQUE,  Nucha. 

NURICE,  Nurse. 

NURSE,  Sax.  nopice,  Nutrix,  (from  nourish, 
itself  from  nutrire,)  Tithe' ne,  Trephou'sa,  Lac- 
tans,  Lac'ticans,  Nu'triens,  Thelas'tria,  Mamma, 
(I.)  Nutrice,  (F.)  Nourrice,  (Se.)  Noyris,  Noryes, 
Nurice,  Norice.  One  who  suckles  her  own  child 
or  another's.  Also,  one  that  has  the  care  of  a 
sick  person.  Care-taker,  (F.)  Garde-malade. 

Nurse,  Dry.  One  who  gives  every  care  to  a 
child,  but  does  not  suckle  it. 

Nurse,  Monthly.  One  who  attends  a  woman 
during  the  month  of  her  parturient  state. 

Nurse,  Wet,  (Sc.)  Milkwoman.  A  female, 
who  suckles  the  child  of  another. 

To  'nurse  artificially,'  is  to  bring  up  a  child  by 
the  hand. 

NUS,  Intellect. 

NUSUS,  Disease. 

NUT,  BRAZILIAN,  see  Pichurim  beans  — n. 
Butter,  Juglans  cinerea  —  n.  Cembros,  see  Pinus 
cembra  —  n.  Clearing,  Strychnos  potatorum  —  n. 
French,  Juglans  regia  —  n.  Para,  see  Pichurim 
beans — n.  Physic,  Jatropha  curcas — n.  Pine,  see 
Pinus  picea — n.  Pistachio,  see  Pistacia  vera — n. 
Poison,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica  —  n.  Purging, 
see  Jatropha  and  Croton  tiglium — n.  Rattle,  Ne- 
lumbium  luteum  —  n.  Sassafras,  see  Pichurim 
beans — n.  Soap,  see  Sapindus  saponaria. 

Nut  Tree,  Malabar,  Adhatoda. 

Nut,  Vomic,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica  —  n. 
Zirbel,  see  Pinus  picea. 

NUTA'TION,  Nuta'tio,  from  nutare,  nutatum, 
'to  nod.'  Nodding.  Also,  a  constant  oscillation 
of  the  head,  by  which  it  moves  involuntarily  in 
one  or  more  directions. 

NUTATOR  CAPITIS,  Sterno-cleido-mastoi- 
deus. 

NUTMEG,  see  Myristica  moschata — n.  Butter, 
see  Myristica  —  n.  Flower,  Nigella  —  n.  Liver, 
Liver,  nutmeg. 

NUTMEGS.  Testes. 

NUTRICATIO,  Nutrition. 

NUTRICTER,  Nutritious. 

NUTRICIUS,  Nutritious. 

NUTRIENS,  Aliment,  Nurse. 

NUTRIMEN,  Aliment. 

NUTRIMEN'TAL,  Niitrimenta'lis,  Aliment'al, 
Alimen'tary,  Alimenta'lis,  (F.)  Alimenteux,  from 
mUrim.en,  'aliment.'  Having  the  qualities  of  food 
or  nutriment. 

NUTRIMENTUM,  Aliment,  Pabulum. 

NUTRIT"ION,  Nutrit"io,  Nutrica'tio,  Nutri'- 
tus,  Alitu'ra,  Threpsis,  from  nutrire,  nutritum, 
'to  nourish.'  Nutrition  is  that  function  by  which 
the  nutritive  matter  already  elaborated  by  the 
various  organic  actions,  loses  its  own  nature,  and 
assumes  that  of  the  different  living  tissues,  —  to 
repair  their  losses  and  maintain  their  strength. 
Sometimes  the  word  is  used  in  a  more  extended 
signification,  to  express  the  whole  series  of  ac- 
tions by  which  the  two  constant  movements  of 
composition  and  decomposition  are  accomplished, 
in  organized  bodies.  Nutrition,  then,  would  com- 
prehend digestion,  absorption,  respiration,  circu- 
lation, and  assimilation  ;  the  latter  being  nutri- 
tion, properly  so  called,  and  being  effected  in 
the  intermediate  system  over  the  whole  of  the 
body,  —  the  cells  of  the  tissues  attracting  from 
the  blood  the  elements  necessary  for  their  repa- 
ration. 

Nutrition,  Force  of,  Plastic  force. 

NUTRIT"IOUS,  Nutric"ius,  Nu'tritive,  Alib'- 
ilis,  Trophi'mos,  Tropho' des,  (F.)  Nourricier,  Nu- 
tricier,    Alihile.      Same    etymon.      Having    the 


NUTRITIVE 


639 


NYMPHOTOxMY 


quality  of  nourishing :  as  nutritious  food,  nutri- 
tious lymph,  &e. 

Nutritious  or  Nu'tritive  Arteries,  (F.)  Ar- 
th'es  inttricieres.  Arterial  branches  which  enter 
the  foramina  nntricia  of  long  bones,  and  pene- 
trate to  the  medullary  membrane. 

NU'TRITIVE,  Nutritious,  {F.)NutriHf.  Also, 
relating  to  nutrition:  hence  the  '?ii(fr!'<?'re  func- 
tions,' or  those  that  are  concerned  in  nutrition. 

NUTRITUS,  Aliment,  Nutrition, 

NUTRIX,  Mamma,  Nurse. 

NUTS,  WATER,  Nelumbium  luteum. 

NUX  AROMATICA,  see  Myristica  moschata 
— n.  Avellana,  Corylus  avellana  (nut) — n.  Barba- 
densis,  Jatropha  curcas — n.  Becuiba,  Ibicuiba — 
n.  Cathartica  Americana,  Jatropha  curcas — n. 
Gallte,  see  Quercus  cerris  —  n.  Juglans,  Juglans 
regia — n.  Medica,  Coco  of  the  Maldives — n.  Me- 
tella,  Stryehnos  nux  vomica — n.  Methel,  Datura 
stramonium  —  n.  Moschata,  see  Myristica  mos- 
chata— n.  Myristica,  see  Myristica  moschata — n. 
Pistacia,  see  Pistacia  vera  —  n.  Unguentaria,  see 
Myristica  moschata  —  n.  Vomica,  Stryehnos  nux 
vomica. 

NYCTALOPE,  see  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTALOPEX,  see  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTALO'PIA,  from  vuf,  vvkto^,  'night,'  and 
oTTTvfiai,  '1  see;'  Parop'sia  Lvcif'uga,  Nyctalnpi'- 
asis,  CcB'citas  diur'na.  Visits  noctur'niis,  Oxyo'pia, 
Jlemer-alo'pia  (moderns),  Amhhjo'pia  meridia'na, 
ffemeralyjjhlo'sis,  HemerotyphW sis,  Photophoh'ia, 
Pliotophobophthal'mia,  Dyso'pia  lu'minis,  Vistis 
a'crior,  Nyc'talopy,  Dayhlindness,  Diur'nal 
amauro'sis,  (F.)  Vue  nocturne,  AreiigJement  de 
Jour.  The  faculty  of  seeing  during  the  night, 
with  privation  of  the  faculty  during  the  day.  It 
affects  both  eyes  at  once,  when  idiopathic.  Its 
duration  is  uncertain,  and  treatment  very  obscure. 
It  is,  however,  a  disease  of  nervous  irritability, 
and  one  of  excitement  of  the  visual  nerve  in  par- 
ticular. The  indications  of  cure  will  consequently 
be  —  to  allay  direct  irritation  in  every  way;  to 
excite  counter-irritation  by  blisters;  and  to  gra- 
dually accastom  the  eye  to  the  impression  of 
light. 

One  labouring  under  this  affection  is  called  a 
Nye' talojie,  Nyc'talops,  Nyctido'pex. 

Nyctalopia  has  also  been  used  for  night  blind- 
ness.    See  Hemeralopia. 

NYCTALOPS,  see  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTALOPY,  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTERINUS,  Nocturnal. 

NYCTHEMERON,  see  Dies. 

NYCTHE'MERUM,  from  i/i>f,  vvktbs,  'night,' 
and  'vfitpa,  'day.'  The  space  of  24  hours,  or  of 
a  day  and  night.  Certain  complaints  continue 
only  so  long. 

NYCTOBADIA,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOBASIS,  Somnambulism. 

NYCT0BATESI3,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOBATIA,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOTYPHLOSIS,  Hemeralopia. 

NY'GMA,  Wound,  punctured. 

NYGMATICUM  EMPLASTRUM,  Emplas- 
trum  resinse. 

NYMPH  A,  Clitoris. 

NYMPHjSI,  from  vv^Kprj,  'a  water  nymph.' 
AlcB  mino'res  seu  inter'ncB  mino'res  clitnr'idis  seu 
mulie'bres  mino'res,  Oarun'ciilce  euticula'res,  Cris- 
ta clitor'idis,  Collic'uli  vagi'nm,  Jfyrtochi'la, 
Myrtochei'lides,  Labia  mino'ra  seu  inter'na  seu 
puden'di  mino'ra,  (F.)  Nyniphes,  Petites  levres. 
Two  membranous  folds,  which  arise  from  the 
lateral  parts  of  the  prepuce  of  the  clitoris,  and 
descend  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  labia  majora; 
terminating,  by  becoming  gradually  thinner, 
about  the  middle  of  the  circumference  of  the  ori- 
fice of  the  vagina.  They  are  formed  each  of  two 
folds  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  vulva;  and 


contain,  in  their  substance,  a  thin  layer  of  spongy 
erectile  tissue.  Their  use  seems  to  be,  —  not,  as 
was  once  supposed,  to  direct  the  course  of  the 
urine,  which  notion  gave  rise  to  their  name,  but 
to  favour  the  elongation  and  dilatation  of  the 
vagina  in  pregnancy  and  labour. 

The  word  vvji<pr),  Nympihe,  has  also  been  used 
synonymously  with  clitoris  by  Oribasius,  Aetius, 
<tc. 

NYMPH^A  ADVENA,  Nuphar  advena. 

NympHtE'a  Alba,  Leucony mphce' a,  Nenu'pTiar, 
Microleuconymp)li(B' a,  Casta'lia  sjoecio'sa,  White 
Water  Lily,  (Se.)  Camhie-leaf,  (F.)  Nenuphar  ou 
Nenufar  hlanc,  Lis  dee  etangs,  Lune  ou  Volant 
d'Eau.  Nat.  Ord.  Ranunculacese.  Sex.  Syst. 
Polyandria  Monogynia.  Formerly  employed  as 
a  demulcent,  antaphrodisiac,  emollient,  and 
slightly  anodyne  remedy. 

NympHvEA  Indica,  N.  nelumbo  —  n.  Major 
lutea,  N.  lutea. 

Nymph^a  Ltj'tea,  N.  major  lutea  seu  umbili- 
ca'lis,  Nuphar  lu'teum,  Nenu'phar  lutea,  Nypho- 
zantJins  vnlga'ris,  Yelloio  Water  Lily,  (Sc.)  Cam- 
bie-leaf,  (F.)  Nenuphar  jaune.  Used  for  the 
same  purposes  as  Nympha' a  alba.  The  flowers 
are  called  in  Norfolk,  England,  Brandy  bottles. 

Nymph^a  Neldm'bo,  N.  In'dica,  Faba  JEgyp- 
tiaca,  Cy'anus  ^gyptiacus,  Pontic  or  JEgyptian 
Bean.  The  fruit  of  this  is  eaten  raw  in  Egypt 
and  some  of  the  neighbouring  countries;  and  is 
considered  to  be  tonic  and  astringent. 

Nymph^'a  Opora'ta,  Siceet-scented  Wafer 
Lily,  Sweet  water  or  White  pond  or  Toad  Lily, 
Cow  or  Water  Cabbage,  (F.)  Nenuphar  odorunt. 
An  indigenous  plant,  growing  in  most  parts  of 
the  United  States  in  fresh  water  ponds,  and  on 
the  borders  of  streams,  and  having  large  white, 
beautiful,  sweet-scented  flowers.  The  root  is 
very  astringent  and  bitter.  It  is  sometimes  made 
into  a  poultice  and  used  as  a  discutient. 

Nymph^a  Umbilicalis,  N.  lutea. 

NYMPHE,  Clitoris. 

NYJIPBES,  NymphK. 

NYMPHI'TIS;  from  vvijupv,  'the  clitoris,' and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Epiderrhi'tis,  In- 
flamma'tio  Clitor'idis.  Inflammation  of  the 
clitoris. 

NYMPHOCLUIA,  Nymphomania. 

NY^MPHOMA'NIA,  from  ru//^;?,  'a  bride,'  and 
jiavia,  'fury;'  Fv-ror  uteri' nus,  Uteroma'nia,  Lag- 
ne'sis  furor  femini'mts,  Metroma'nia,  ^doeogar' - 
galus,  ^doRogargaris'mus,  Thelygon'ia,  Erotoma'- 
nia,  ^dcema'nia,  Aidoioma'nia,  Melancho'lia  ute- 
ri'na,  Nymphocln'ia,  Syrnpto'ma  turpitu'dinis, 
Androma'nia,  Gynmcoma'nia,  Maehlos' yne,  Ente- 
lipathi'a,  Tenti'go  vene'rea,  Hysteroma'nia,  Sa- 
lac"itas  vulvm,  Uteri  prxiri'tus,  Brachu'na,  Aras'- 
con,  Arsa'tum,  GEstroma'nia,  (F.)  Nymphomanie, 
Fureur  uterine.  An  irresistible  and  insatiable 
desire,  in  females,  for  the  venereal  act.  It  occurs 
in  those  particularly,  who  possess  a  nervous  tem- 
perament, and  vivid  imagination,  especially  if 
excited  by  improper  language,  masturbation,  &c. 
Its  course,  as  described,  is  as  follows.  In  the 
commencement,  the  sufferer  is  a  prey  to  perpetual 
contests  between  feelings  of  modesty  and  impetu- 
ous desires.  At  an  after  period,  she  abandons 
herself  to  the  latter,  seeking  no  longer  to  restrain 
them.  In  the  last  stage  the  obscenity  is  disgust- 
ing;  and  the  mental  alienation,  for  such  it  is, 
becomes  complete.  The  treatment  consists  in  the 
use  of  the  same  means  as  are  required  in  the  sa- 
tyriasis of  man.  When  the  mental  alienation  is 
complete,  solitude  is  indispensable. 

NY^MPHON'CUS,  from  j-u^i^T?,  '  the  nympha,' 
and  oyKog,  'a  tumour.'  A  morbid  tumefaction  of 
the  nymphse. 

NYMPHOT'OMY,  Nymphotom'ia,  Nympha'- 
rum  Sec'tio,  (F.)  Nymphotomie,  from  wniprj,  and 


NYPHOZANTHUS   VULGARIS      640 


OBLIQUE 


Ttiivtiv,  'to  cut.'  An  operation,  known  and  prac- 
tised for  a  long  time,  which  consists  in  the  exci- 
sion of  the  nymphas.  The  operation  is  had  re- 
course to,  when  they  are  attacked  with  scirrhus, 
cancer,  fungus,  or  gangrene;  or  when  they  are 
so  large  as  to  interfere  with  walking  or  coition. 
Nymphotormj  is  the  circumcision  of  the  female. 
It  is  practised  in  some  countries. 


Some  authors  have  used  the  term  NympTiotomy 
for  amputation  of  the  clitoris. 

NYPHOZANTHUS  VULGARIS,  Nympheea 
lutea. 

NYSTAG'MUS.  A  partial  rotatory  movement 
of  the  eyeball  from  side  to  side.  Also,  Coma 
vigil. 

NYXIS,  Puncture. 


0. 


OAK,  BLACK,  Quercus  tinctoria — o.  Common, 
Quercus  robur — o.  Jerusalem,  Chenopodium 
botrys. 

Oak  Lungs,  Lichen  pulmonarius. 
Oak  Orchard  Acid  Springs.  These  springs 
— eight  in  number — are  in  Genesee  county,  New 
York,  eight  miles  from  Lockport.  They  are  acid 
salines,  consisting  of  free  sulphuric  acid,  sulphate 
of  protoxide  of  iron,  and  sulphates  of  alumina, 
magnesia  and  lime.  They  are  powerfully  astrin- 
gent and  tonic. 

Oak,  Poison,  Rhus  toxicodendron  —  o.  Red, 
Quercus  rubra  montana — o.  Sea,  Fucus  vesiculo- 
sus  —  0.  Spanish,  Quercus  rubra  montana  —  o. 
White,  Quercus  alba. 

OARIOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  ovarian. 

OARION,  Ovary. 

OARION'CUS,  Oariophi/'ma,  Ova'rium  tu'tni- 
dum,  Tumor  Ova'rii,  from  waptov,  (diminutive  of 
iiiov,  'an  egg,')  'the  ovarium,' and  oyxos,  'swell- 
ing.'    Ovarian  tumour. 

OARIOPAREC'TAMA,  OopTioratix'e,  from 
wapiov,  'ovarium,'  and  napsKrttvsiv,  'to  extend.' 
Enlargement  of  the  ovary. 

OARIORRHEX'IS,  from  wapiov,  'ovarium,' 
and  pn^i;,  'rupture.'  Ruptu'ra  Ova'rii.  Rupture 
of  the  ovary. 

OARIOT'OMY,  Oarioiom'ia,  Ovariotom'ia, 
Ovariot'omy,  from  oiapiov,  'the  ovarium,'  and  To/itj, 
'  incision.'  The  operation  for  removing  the  ovary. 

OARI'TIS,  Oophori'tis,  Oori'tis,  Inflamma'tio 
Ova'rii,  Ovari'tis,  (F.)  Jnfla7iimation  de  VOvaire, 
from  aapLov,  'the  ovarium,'  and  itis,  the  termina- 
tion denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
ovarium.  When  occurring  in  childhood,  it  is  the 
LoehoopJinritis  of  some. 

OARIUM,  Ovary. 

OARTHROC'ACE,  formed  by  contraction  from 
omo-arthrocace.  Said  to  be  used  by  Rust  to  de- 
signate inflammation  of  the  seapulo-humeral  ar- 
ticular surfaces. — Nysten. 

OATMEAL,  see  Avena. 

OATS,  Avena. 

OBAUDITIO,  Baryecoia. 

OBAUDITUS,  Baryecoia. 

OBC^CATIO,  Caecitas. 

OBDORMIT"IO,  from  oh,  and  dormio,  dormi- 
tum,  'to  sleep.'  The  state  of  the  limbs  being 
asleep  ; — Stupor  ar'tuxim. 

OBDUCTIO  LEGALIS,  Autopsia  cadaverica 
legalis. 

OBEL^A  RAPHE,  Sagittal  suture. 

OBESITAS,  Polysarcia— 0.  Colli,  Struma  adi- 
posa  —  o.  Nimia,  Pimelosis  —  o.  Viscerum,  Phys- 
conia  adiposa. 

OBESITE,  Polysarcia. 

OBESITY,  Polysarcia. 

OBESUS,  Corpulent. 

OBFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis. 

OBITUS,  Death. 

OBJECT'IVE  CONE.     The  cone  of  light  pro- 


ceeding from  an  object,  the  apex  of  which  is  on 
the  object,  and  the  base  on  the  cornea. 

Ob.tective  Sensations,  see  Sensation. 

OBLINITIO,  Inunction. 

OBLIQUE',  Obli'quus,  Any  thing  inclined,  or 
which  deviates  from  the  vertical  line.  Anato- 
mists have  given  this  name  to  certain  muscles, 
which  have  an  oblique  direction  as  regards  the 
plane  that  divides  the  body  into  two  equal  and 
symmetrical  halves.     These  are: — 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Abdomen.  They 
are  two  in  number,  and  distinguished  into  :  1. 
Obltquus  Exter'nus  Ahdom'inia  seu  descen'dens 
exter'nns  seu  descendens  seu  major,  (F.)  Ilio-puho 
costo-ahdom'inal,  Costo-abdom'inal  (Ch.),  Grand 
oblique.  Oblique  externe.  One  of  the  broadest 
muscles  of  the  body.  It  is  situate  at  the  lateral 
and  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen  ;  and  is  flat  and 
quadrilateral.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  outer 
surface  and  lower  edge  of  the  7  or  8  last  ribs : 
below,  to  the  anterior  third  of  the  external  lip  of 
the  crista  ilii :  before,  it  terminates  at  the  linea 
alba  by  means  of  a  broad  and  strong  aponeurosis, 
which  covers  the  rectus,  and  presents  towards  its 
inferior  part  two  very  solid  fibrous  fasciculi, 
which  are  inserted, — the  one  at  the  symphysis, 
the  other  at  the  spine  of  the  pubis,  —  under  the 
name  of  Pillars  of  the  Abdominal  JRiiig.  These 
pillars  leave  between  them  an  opening,  which 
forms  the  inferior  orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal. 
The  obliquus  externus  abdominis  depresses  the 
ribs,  and  carries  them  backwards  during  a  strong 
expiration.  It  impresses  on  the  chest  a  move- 
ment of  rotation,  and  bends  the  thorax  upon  the 
pelvis,  and  conversely.  It  contracts,  also,  the  ab- 
dominal cavity.  2.  Obliquus  Inter'nua  Abdomi- 
nis seu  ascendena  seu  minor  seu  internus  seu 
ascendens  internus,  Mus' cuius  accli'vis,  (F.)  Ih'o- 
lombo-costo-abdoninal,]lio-abdominal  {Ch.), Mus- 
cle petit  oblique  ou  oblique  interne,  is  broad,  espe- 
cially before;  thin,  and  irregularly  quadrilateral, 
like  the  preceding,  beneath  which  it  is  situate. 
It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the 
cartilages  of  the  5th,  4th,  3d,  and  2d  false  ribs; 
below,  to  the  anterior  two-thirds  of  the  interstice 
of  the  crista  ilii,  to  the  posterior  part  of  the  crural 
arch,  and  to  the  pubis;  behind,  to  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  last  two  lumbar  vertebrae,  and  to 
those  of  the  first  two  portions  of  the  sacrum  ;  be- 
fore, to  the  linea  alba.  Its  upper  fibres  run  obli- 
quely upwards  and  forwards ;  the  middle  are 
horizontal;  and  the  lower  pass  obliquely  down- 
wards and  forwards. 

These  last,  in  the  male,  are  dragged  down 
through  the  inguinal  ring,  when  the  testicle  de- 
j  scends,  and  form  the  two  fasciculi  of  the  ore- 
master. 

The  obliquus  internus  resembles  the  0.  exter- 
nus in  function. 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Eye,  Amato'rii,  Ctr- 
cumagen'tes,  Rotato'rea  Oe'uli,  are  two  in  number. 


OBLIQUE  EXTERNE 


641 


OBTURATOR 


They  are  distinguished  into:  1.  Ohliqiins  Superior 
Oculi,  Amato'rius  mus'culus,  Trochlea' ria,  Troch- 
lea'tor,  Ohliquus  major.  Oircumditctio'nis  op'i/ex, 
Longis'simits  oc'uli,  (F.)  Optico-troclihi  ecleroti- 
cien,  Grand  trocTileateur  (Ch.),  Grand  oblique  de 
I'ocll,  0.  siiperieur  de  I'ceil,  Amoureiix  (Muscle,)  is 
situate  at  the  inner  and  upper  part  of  the  orbit. 
It  is  small,  round,  fusiform,  and  reflected  upon 
itself  in  the  middle  of  its  course.  Behind,  it  is 
attached  to  the  inside  of  the  foramen  opticum  ; 
and  when  it  arrives  opposite  the  internal  orbitar  i 
process,  it  becomes  a  small,  round  tendon,  which 
slides  in  a  cartilaginous  pulley  fixed  to  the  os 
frontis,  and  is  reflected,  at  an  acute  angle,  to  pro- 
ceed downwards  and  outwards,  and  to  attach 
itself  to  the  outer  and  back  part  of  the  globe  of 
the  eye.  This  muscle  carries  the  globe  of  the  eye 
forwards  and  inwards;  making  it  experience  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  directs  the  pupil 
downwards  and  inwards.  This  is  conceived  to  be 
an  involuntary  muscle  as  well  as  the  next.  In 
sleep,  according  to  Sir  C.  Bell,  when  the  power 
over  the  straight  or  voluntary  muscles  of  the 
organ  is  nearly  lost,  the  eye  is  given  up  to  the 
oblique  muscles,  which  lodge  the  transparent  cor- 
nea under  the  upper  eyelid.  At  the  approach  of 
death,  the  same  thing  is  observable;  hence,  the 
turning  up  of  the  eye,  at  such  time,  is  not  an 
evidence  of  agony  or  suffering,  but  of  insensibi- 
lity. 2.  Ohli'qnns  Infe'rior  seu  minor  oculi,  (F.) 
3faxillo-scleroticien,  Petit  Trochleateur  (Ch.), 
Petit  oblique  ou  oblique  inferieur  de  I'ceil,  is  situ- 
ate at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  orbit. 
It  is  flat  and  attached  to  the  inner  and  anterior 
part  of  the  orbitar  surface  of  the  superior  maxil- 
lary bone,  on  the  outside  of  the  lachrymal  gutter; 
from  thence  it  passes  outwards  and  backwards, 
and  terminates  by  an  aponeurosis,  at  the  poste- 
rior and  inner  part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye.  It 
carries  the  globe  of  the  eye  inwards  and  forwards ; 
and  directs  the  pupil  upwards  and  outwards. 

Obijque  Muscles  of  the  Head.  These  are 
two  in  number.  1.  Obliqnus  Superior  seu  minor 
Cap'itis,  (F.)  Trachelo-atloido-oceipifal,  Atlo'ido- 
sous-masto'idien  (Ch.),  Muscle  oblique  siiperieur  ou 
])etit  oblique  de  la  tete.  This  muscle  is  situate  at 
the  sides  of,  and  behind,  the  articulation  of  the 
head:  it  is  flat  and  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to 
the  top  of  the  transverse  process  of  the  atlas  ;  and, 
on  the  other,  terminates  at  the  occipital  bone,  be- 
neath the  inferior  curved  line,  and  sometimes, 
also,  at  the  mastoid  region  of  the  temporal  bone. 
It  extends  the  head, — inclining  it  to  one  side.  2. 
Obliquus  Inferior  Capitis,  Obliquns  major,  (P.) 
Spini-axoido-tracheli-atlo'idien,  Axoido-atloidien 
(Ch.),  Oblique  inferieur  ou  grand  oblique  de  la 
tete,  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  neck 
and  head.  It  is  round,  fusiform  ;  attached  to  the 
spinous  process  of  the  axis,  and  proceeds  to  ter- 
minate behind  and  below  the  summit  of  the  trans- 
verse process  of  the  atlas.  It  impresses,  on  the 
first  vertebra  and  the  head,  a  movement  of  rota- 
tion, which  turns  the  face  to  one  side. 
Oblique  Processes,  see  Vertebrae. 
OBLIQUE  EXTERNE,  Obliquus  externus 
abdominis  —  o.  Grand,  Obliquus  externus  abdo- 
minis—  o.  Grand  de  I'ceil,  Obliquus  superior  ocu- 
li—  o.  Grand  de  la  tite,  Obliquus  inferior  capitis 
—  o.  Inferieur  de  I'ceil,  Obliquus  inferior  oculi  — 
o.  Inferieur  de  la  tete,  Obliquus  inferior  capitis — 
o.  hUerne,  Obliquus  internus  abdominis — o.  Petit, 
Obliquus  internus  abdominis  —  o.  Petit  de  I'ceil, 
Obliquus  inferior  oculi — o.  Petit  de  la  tite,  Obli- 
quus superior  oculi  —  o.  Superieur  de  I'oeil,  Obli- 
quus superior  oculi — o.  Superieur  de  la  tete,  Obli- 
quus superior  capitis. 

OB  LI  QUITE  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Retrover- 
sio  uteri. 

OBLIQUUS  ASCENDENS,  0.  internus  abdo- 
4], 


minis  —  o.  Auris,  Laxator  tympani  —  o.  Descen- 
dens  externus,  0.  externus  abdominis— o.  Major, 
0.  externus  abdominis,  0.  inferior  capitis,  0.  su- 
perior oculi  —  o.  Minor,  0.  internus  abdominis  — 
o.  Minor  capitis,  0.  superior  capitis  —  o.  Minor 
oculi,  0.  inferior  oculi. 

OBLIT'ERATED,  OUitera'tus ;  from  obUte- 
rare,  (ob,  and  litera,)  'to  efface.'  A  vessel  or 
duct  is  said  to  be  obliterated,  when  its  parietes 
have  approximated  and  contracted  such  an  adhe- 
sion to  each  other  that  the  cavity  has  completely 
diappeared. 

OBLITERATIO  COMPLETA,  Hapantismus. 
OBLIVIO,  Amnesia — o.  Iners,  Lethargy. 
OBLOBIUM,  Antilobium. 

OB'OLUS,  Onulosat.  A  weight  of  9  or  10  grains. 
OBSCCEN^  PARTES.  Genital  organs. 
OBSCURCISSEMENT DE  LA  VUE,  Caligo. 
OBSBRVA'TION,    Observa'tio,   (from  ob,  and 
servare,  servatum,  'to  keep,'  e.  g.  in  sight.)    Tere'- 
sis,  Symparatere' sis.     Act  of  examining  a  thing 
by  means   of  the  external  senses.     This  word  is 
employed  in  several  acceptations.     It  expresses 
—  1.  The  action  of  observing  —  2.  The  aggregate 
of  knowledge,  afforded  by  observation.   In  French 
— but  not  in  English  —  it  means  the  case  or  his- 
tory of  the  phenomena  presented  by  a  patient  in 
the  course  of  a  disease. 

OBSERVATION,  Case  — o.  Method  of,  Nu- 
merical method. 

OBSTET'RIC,  Obsfct'ricus,  Obstct'rical;  same 
etymon  as  obstetrics.  Relating  or  appertaining 
to  obstetrics, — as  'obstetric  auscultation,'  'obstet- 
ric exploration,'  &o. 

Obstetrtc  Chair,  Labour-chair. 
OBSTETRICANS,  Accoucheur. 
OBSTET'RICS,  from  Obstetrix.  'a  midwife.' 
(obsture,ob,  and  stare,  'to  stand  before.')  Tolcol'- 
ogy,  Tocol'ofjy,  3Iaiei'a,  3faeei'a,  Maei'a,  Jlfaeeu'- 
tica  ars,  Ars  obstetric"ia,  Obstet'ricy,  (F.)  06- 
sfetriqne.  The  iirt  of  midwifery.  Midwifery 
in  general. 

OBSTETRICY,  Obstetrics. 
OBSTETRIQUE,  Obstetrics. 
OBSTETRIX,  Midwife. 

OBSTIPATIO,  Constipation— 0.  Tenesmus, 
Tenesmus. 

Oestipatio,  see  Hump. 

OBSTIPITAS,  Torticollis— 0.  Capitis  seu  Colli, 
Torticollis. 

OBSTRUCTIO,  Emphraxis,  Stegnosis— o.  A!- 
vi.  Constipation  —  o.  Ductfls  Alimentarii,  Consti- 
pation—  o.  Ducttis  Stenoniani,  Stenostenosis  — 
o.  Intestinalis,  Constipation  —  o.  Recti  Spastica, 
Stricture  of  the  Rectum,  spasmodic — o.  Pulmo- 
num  pituitosa  febrilis.  Peripneumonia  notha. 

OBSTRUCTION  OF  THE  INTESTINES, 
Enteremphraxis. 

OB'STRUENS,  from  olstrvo,  (ob,  and  struere, 
'to  build,)  'I  stop  up  by  building  against'  Op- 
pilati'vns.  A  medicine  which  closes  the  orifices 
of  ducts  or  vessels. 

OBSTUPEFACIENTIA,  Narcotics. 
OBTONDANT,  Obtundens. 
OBTRUNCATIO,  Decollation. 
OBTUMESCENTIA,  Mutitas. 
OBTUN'DENS,  (F.)   Obtondant,    from  obtun- 
dere,  (ob  and  tundere,  '  to  beat,')  '  to  beat  against,' 
and  therefore  to  blunt  the  edge.     An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  remedies  that  were  supposed,  ac-eording 
to   an  erroneous  theory,  to  be  possessed  of  the 
power  of  blunting  the  acrimony  of  the  humours. 
A  demulcent  is  one  of  these. 

OBTURAMENTUM,  Emphragma. 
OBTURATEUR,  Obturator. 
OBTURATEUR  DU  PALAIS,  Palate,  arti- 
ficial. 

OBTURATIO,  Emphraxis. 

OBTURA'TOR,  Obturato'rius,  (F.)  Obturateur, 


OBTURATOR  ARTERY 


642 


OCCIPITAL 


from  obturare,  (akin  to  ^vpa,  'a  door,'[?])  'to 
close,'  '  stop  up  the  entrance.'  A  name  given  in 
anatomy,  to  several  parts. 

Obturator  Artery,  Arteria  ohturato'ria  seu 
ohtura'trix,  (F.)  Sous-pubio  femorale  (Ch.),  Artere 
obtiiratrice,  arises,  most  commonly,  from  the  hy- 
pogastric. It  is,  however,  frequently  given  off 
from  the  epigastric ;  a  matter  of  importance  to  be 
determined  in  cases  of  femoral  hernia.  Of  500 
obturator  arteries  examined  by  M.  J.  Cloquet, 
;-i40  were  furnished  by  the  hypogastric,  and  152 
by  the  epigastric  or  crural.  When  it  arises  from 
the  hypogastric,  it  passes  forwards  and  outwards, 
and  then  turns  horizontally  into  the  cavity  of  the 
pelvis,  to  issue  from  this  cavity  by  the  opening 
left  at  the  upper  part  of  the  obturator  membrane. 
When,  on  the  contrary,  the  obturator  artery 
arises  from  the  epigastric  or  the  crural,  it  de- 
scends obliquely  inwards,  behind  the  os  pubis, 
to  the  obturator  foramen.  At  its  exit  from  the 
pelvis,  the  artery  divides  into  two  branches,  a 
posterior  and  an  anterior,  which  are  distributed 
to  the  muscles  of  the  anterior  and  superior  part 
of  the  thigh. 

Obtura'tor  Fora'mp:n,  Fora'men  Obturato'- 
riuni  seu  obtura'tmn  seu  i iifra-pnbia' iiinn  seu 
ova'le  seu  thyroideum.  seu  Thyroi' des  seu  Amplmn 
Pelvis,  (F.)  Trou  souH-piibien.  A  large  opening, 
of  an  oval  or  triangular  form,  in  the  anterior  part 
of  the  OS  innominatum,  on  the  outside  of  the  sym- 
physis pubis  and  beneath  the  horizontal  ramus 
of  the  OS  pubis.  This  foramen  is  closed  by  a 
membranous  ligament. 

Obturator  Ligament  or  Membrane,  Sub- 
pubic membrane,  is  a  fibrous  membrane,  fixed  to 
the  whole  circumference  of  the  obturator  fora- 
men, except  above,  where  an  opening  remains  for 
the  passage  of  the  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  same 
name. 

Obturator  Muscles,  Obtttrato'ree,  Rotato'res 
fem'oris.  These  are  two  in  number.  They  are 
divided  into 

a.  Obturator  Exter'nus,  Extra-pelvio-pubi-tro- 
t^hantSrien,  Sous-pubio-troehanterien  externe  (Ch.) 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part 
of  the  thigh.  It  is  broad,  flat,  and  triangular; 
and  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  os  pubis,  to  that  of  the  ischium, 
and  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  obturator  liga- 
ment. Its  fleshy  fibres  converge  to  the  tendon, 
which  proceeds  to  be  inserted  at  the  inferior  part 
of  the  cavity  of  the  great  trochanter.  This  mus- 
cle rotates  the  thigh  outwards. 

b.  Obturator  Inter'nm;  Marsupia'lis,  Snrsa'lis, 
Intra-peivio-trochanterien,  Sous-pubio-troehante- 
rien interne  (Ch.)  is  seated,  almost  entirely,  in  the 
pelvis.  It  arises  from  the  inner  surface  of  the 
obturator  ligament,  and  from  the  posterior  part 

■  of  the  circumference  of  the  obturator  foramen, 
and  is  inserted,  by  means  of  a  strong  tendon, 
running  between  the  two  portions  of  the  gemini, 
into  the  cavity  at  the  root  of  the  great  trochan- 
ter; after  having  turned  upon  the  ischium,  which 
forms  for  it  a  kind  of  pulley.  This  muscle  also 
rotates  the  thigh  outwards. 

Obturator  Nerve,  Sous-pubio-femoral,  (Ch.), 
proceeds  principally  from  the  2d  and  3d  lumbar 
nerves.  It  descends  into  the  pelvis;  gains  the 
obturator  foramen  ;  gives  branches  to  the  obtu- 
rator muscles,  and  divides,  behind  the  abductor 
primus  and  pectinalis,  into  two  branches;  one 
anterior,  whose  branches  are  distributed  to  the 
first  two  adductors,  gracilis,  and  integuments; 
the  other,  posterior,  distributing  its  ramifications 
to  the  obturator  externus  and  third  adductor. 

Obturator  Vein  has,  ordinarily,  the  same  ar- 
rangement as  the  artery.  It  is  common,  however, 
to  find  it  arising  from  the  epigastric;  whilst  the 


corresponding  artery  proceeds  from  the  hypogas- 
tric, and  conversely. 

The  term  obturator,  (F.)  Obtiirafeur,  is,   also, 
applied  to  an  instrument,  adapted  for  closing  an 
opening  caused  by  a  wound  or  disease. 
OBTURATORES,  Obturator  muscles. 
OBVOLVENTIA,  Demulcents. 
OCA,  Oxalis  tuberosa. 
OCC^CATIO,  Csecitas. 

OCCIP'ITAL,    Oceipita'lis.     That   which  be 
longs  to  the  occiput. 

Occipital  Artery.  This  arises  from  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  external  carotid,  beneath  the 
parotid.  It  proceeds  backwards,  passes  between 
the  mastoid  process  and  the  transverse  process 
of  the  atlas;  reaches  the  occipital  bone  and  di- 
vides into  two  branches,  which  may  be  called 
ascending  posterior  and  anterior,  and  are  distri- 
buted to  the  neighbouring  muscles  and  ligaments. 
OcciP'iTAL  Bone,  Os  occip'itis  seu  occipit'ii  seu 
occipiita'Je  seu  spheno-basila' re  seu  memo'ricB  seu 
nervo'sum  seu  basila're  seu  prorm  seu  pyx'idis  seu 
sextum  cra'nii  seu  lambdoi'des  seu  lambda  seu 
laudoB  seu  pnppis  seu  nervo'sum  sen  fibro' sum  seu 
pelvicephal' icum,  (F.)  Os  occipital,  is  situate  at 
the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  cranium, 
which  it  assists  in  forming.  It  is  flat,  symmetri- 
cal, and  curved  upon  itself.  It  presents,  1.  An 
occipital  or  posterior  surface,  which  is  convex, 
and  has,  upon  the  median  line,  the  basilary  sur- 
face, ihe  foramen  magnum,  through  which  passes 
the  spinal  marrow  with  its  membranes  and  ves- 
sels,— the  external  occipital  crest,  the  external  oc- 
cipital protuberance ;  and,  at  the  sides,  the  upper 
curved  line,  large  rough  arched  ridge  or  transverse 
arch  or  linea  semicircularis,  the  lower  curved  line, 
the  posterior  condyloid  fossas,  the  condyles  for  the 
articulation  of  this  bone  with  the  atlas;  and  the 
anterior  condyloid  fossa,  pierced  by  a  foramen 
for  the  passage  of  the  ninth  pair  of  nerves.  2.  A 
cerebral  or  anterior  surface.  On  the  median  line 
are:  the  basilary  fossa,  the  inner  orifice  of  the 
foramen  magnum,  the  internal  occipital  crest,  the 
internal  occij}ital  protuberance,  the  cruciform 
spine;  a  channel,  which  lodges  the  termination 
of  the  straight  sinus,  and  on  each  side,  the  occi- 
pital fossa,  distinguished  into  superior  or  cere- 
bral, and  inferior  or  cerehelhiiis,  and  separated  by 
a  groove  which  lodges  the  lateral  sinus.  3.  The 
surfaces  of  the  occipital  bone  are  separated  by 
four  ridges  and  four  angles.  The  two  superior 
edges  are  articulated  with  the  parietal  bones  ;  the 
two  lower  join  the  temporal ;  and  the  anterior 
angle,  under  the  name  basilary  process,  is  united 
to  the  sphenoid. 

The  occipital  bone  is  developed  from  four 
points  of  ossification ;  and  sometimes  from  a 
greater  number. 

Occipital  Muscle,  Oceipita'lis.  Many  ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  the  posterior 
fasciculus  of  the  occipito-frontalis. 

Occipital  Nerve,  Sub-occipital  nerve,  (F.) 
Premiere  paire  trachelienne  (Ch.),  Nerf  occipital 
ou  sows  occipital.  It  arises  from  the  upper  part 
of  the  spinal  marrow  by  eight  or  ten  filaments, 
united  in  two  fasciculi.  Thus  formed,  it  passes 
between  the  foramen  magnum  and  the  posterior 
arch  of  the  atlas;  and,  at  this  place,  forms  a  long 
ganglion,  afterwards  dividing  into  two  branches. 
Of  these,  the  anterior,  which  is  long  and  small, 
makes  a  turn  above  the  transverse  process  of  the 
atlas  and  forms  an  anastomotic  noose  with  a 
branch  of  the  second  cervical  nerve.  The  poste- 
rior branch,  larger  and  shorter,  divides  into  seven 
or  eight  branches,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
muscles  of  the  upper  and  back  part  of  the  neck. 
Occipital  Region,  Occiput. 
Occipital  Vein.  Its  roots  follow  exactly  the 
course  of  the  branches  of  the  artery,  and  unite 


OCCIPITIUM 


643 


OCYTOCUS 


into  a  single  trunk,  whicli  opens  into  tbe  internal 
jugular  vein,  and  sometimes  into  the  external. 
OCCIPITIUM,  Occiput. 

OCCIP'ITO-AT'LOID,  Oceipiio-atloideus,  (F.) 
Occipito-atloidien.  That  which  has  reference  to 
the  occiput  and  atlas. 

Oocipito-Atloid  Articulation  is  the  articu- 
lation of  the  condyles  of  the  occipital  bone  with 
the  superior  articular  cavities  of  the  atlas.  It  is 
strengthened  by  two  ligaments;  the  one  anterior, 
the  other  posterior,  called  occipito-atloid  liga- 
ments: the  one  extends  from  the  anterior,  the 
other  from  the  posterior,  arch  of  the  atlas,  to  the 
corresponding  portion  of  the  circumference  of  the 
foramen  magnum. 

OCCIP'lfO-AX'OID,  Oceipito-axoideus,  (F.) 
Occipito-axoidien.  That  which  relates  to  the 
occipital  bone  and  the  axis  or  second  vertebra. 

OcciPiTO-AXOiD  Articulatio>t  is  the  connex- 
ion of  the  occipital  bone  with  the  axis  or  second 
vertebra,  although  these  bones  are  not  really  ar- 
ticulated, but  are  merely  retained  in  apposition 
by  three  strong  ligaments,  the  posterior  of  which 
is  called  the  oceipito-axoid,  and  the  two  others 
odontoid. 

OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LTS,  Bigas'tricus  cra'- 
nii,  Epicra'niua,  Fronta'lis  et  occipitalis.  The 
majority  of  anatomists  call  by  this  name  the 
whole  of  the  fleshy  plane,  with  the  epicranial  or 
coronal  aponeurosis,  (see  Calotte,)  which  covers 
the  head  from  the  occiput  to  the  forehead.  It  is 
attached,  by  its  posterior  fasciculus,  to  the  two 
outer  thirds  of  the  upper  curved  line  of  the  occi- 
pital bone,  and  to  the  outer  surface  of  the  mas- 
toid portion  of  the  temporal ;  and,  by  its  anterior 
fasciculus,  it  terminates  at  the  eyebrow,  where  it 
becomes  confounded  with  the  superciliaris,  pyra- 
midalis  nasi,  and  orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

The  occipito-frontalis,  by  the  contraction  of  its 
anterior  fasciculus,  draws  forward  a  part  of  the 
integuments  of  the  cranium.  It  wrinkles  the 
skin  of  the  forehead  transversely,  and  may,  also 
contribute  to  open  the  eye  by  its  decussation  with 
the  orbicularis  palpebrarum.  The  posterior  fas- 
ciculus of  the  muscle  draws  backwards  a  part  of 
the  skin  of  the  cranium,  and  assists  in  stretching 
the  common  aponeurosis. 

OCCIP'ITO-MENINGE'AL.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  occipital  bone,  and  to  the  meninge 
or  dura  mater. 

OcciPiTO-MENiNGEAL  Artery,  in  Chaussier's 
nomenclature,  is  a  branch  of  the  vertebral,  given 
off  to  the  dura  mater  at  its  entrance  into  the 
cranium. 

OCCIPUT,  Occijnt'ium  {oh,  and  caput),  Regio 
occipita'lis,  In'ion,  Opistliocra' ilium,  Opisthoceph'- 
alon,  Hysterocra' 7iium,  Prora,  Occipi'tium.  The 
back  part  of  the  head,  formed  by  the  occipital 
bone. 

Occiput,  Soft,  Craniotabes. 
OCCLU'SION,  Occlu'sio,  Myee,  from  occln- 
dere,  occlnsum,  'to  shut  up.'  Sometimes  this 
word  signifies,  simply,  the  transient  approxima- 
tion of  the  edges  of  a  natural  opening  —  the  oc- 
clusion of  the  eyelids,  for  example ;  at  others  it 
is  synonymous  with  imperforation,  as  occlusion 
of  the  pupil,  vagina,  &o. 

OCCULT  DISEASES,  see  Latent. 
OCEAN  SPRINGS,  see   Mississippi,  Mineral 
waters  of. 

OCHEMA,  Vehicle. 
OCHETEUMATA,  Nares. 
OCHETOS,  Canal. 
OCHEUS,  Scrotum. 

OCHLE'SIS,  from  ox>o;,  'a  crowd.'  A  term, 
applied  by  Dr.  George  Gregory  to  a  morbid  con- 
dition induced  by  the  crowding  together  of  sick 
persons  under  one  roof. 

OCHREA  RUBRA,  Hematites. 


OCHRIASIS,  Paleness. 

OCHROMA.  Paleness. 

OCHROPYRA,  Fever,  yellow. 

OCHROTES.  Paleness. 

OCHROTYPHUS,  Fever,  yellow. 

OCHTHIASIS,  Mollascum. 

OCHTHODES,  Cnllous. 

OCIMUM  ADSCENDENS,  0.  Basilicum. 

Oci'mum  Basil'icum,  0.  adscen' dens  seu  pilo'- 
sum  seu  racemo'sum  seu  citra'tum,  Beren'daros, 
Basil'icum,  B.  ma-jus  seu  citra'tiim,  Common  or 
Citron  basil,  (F.)  Basilic  commun  ;  iZici/iov,  from 
uKiij,  'swift,'  owing  to  its  swift  growth.  Nat. 
Ord.  Labiatas.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Gymno- 
spermia.  This  herb  has  a  fragrant  odour  and 
aromatic  taste.  It  is  used  as  a  condiment,  and 
has  been  supposed  to  possess  nervine  properties. 

OciMUJl  Caryophylla'tum,  0.  min'imum, 
Small  or  Bush  basil.  Possesses  properties  similar 
to  the  former.     It  is  sometimes  used  as  snuff. 

OciMiTji  CiTRATUir,  0.  Basilicum  —  o.  Pilosum, 
0.  Basilicum— o.  Racemosum,  0.  Basilicum. 

OCOTEA  AMARA,  Nectandra  cymbarum— o. 
Cymbarum,  Nectandra  cymbarum — o.  Pichurim, 
see  Pichurim  beans  —  o.  Puchury,  see  Pichurim 
beans. 

OCREA,  Hippocampus  minor.  Shin. 

OCTA'NA,  Hebdomadn'ria,  Fehris  hehdoma- 
da'ria,  from  octo,  'eight.'  A  fever  whose  parox- 
ysms recur  every  week  : — a  supposititious  case. 

OCTA'RIUS.  A  pint.  The  eighth  part  of  a 
wine-gallon.  Same  etymon.  It  contains  six- 
teen fluidounces  (Ph.  U.  S.), — 20  fiuidounces  im- 
perial measure. 

OCTOPUS,  Synapheocephalus,  Hemipnges. 

OCTUNX,  from  octo,  'eight,'  and  uncia,  'an 
ounce.'     A  weight  of  eight  ounces. 

OCULAR,  Ocida'ris,  (F.)  Oculaire,  from  oc«- 
lus,  'an  eye.'     Of  or  belonging  to  the  eye. 

Ocular  Cone.  The  cone  formed  within  the 
eye  by  a  pencil  of  rays  proceeding  from  an  ob- 
ject; the  base  of  the  cone  being  on  the  cornea, 
— the  apex  on  the  retina. 

OCULARES  COxMMUNES,  Motores  oculorum 
— 0.  Dentes.  Canine  teeth. 

OCULARIA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 
OCULI   MARMARYGODES,    Metamorphop- 
sia — o.  Palpebrarum  scabies   pruriginosa.  Oph- 
thalmia tarsi. 

OCULIST,  Oculis'ta,  Ophthalmia' ter,  Med'icua 
ocnla'rius  seu  ophthaV micus,  from  ocuhis,  'an 
eye.'  One  who  occupies  himself,  chiefly,  with  the 
management  of  diseases  of  the  ej'e. 
OCULISTFQUE.  Ophthalmology. 
OCULO-MUSCULAR  NERVES,  COMMON, 
Motores  oculorum. 

OCULUM  MOVENS  PRIMUS,  Rectus  inter- 
nus  oculi — o.  Movens  quartus,  Rectus  inferior 
oeuli — 0.  Movens  secundus,  Rectus  externus  oculi 
— 0.  Movens  tertius,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

OCULUS,  Eye  —  o.  Bovinus,  Hydrophthalmia 

—  0.  Bovis,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum  —  o. 
Bubulus,  Hydrophthalmia — o.  Cassius,  Glaucoma 

—  0.  Duplex,  Binoculus  —  o.  Elephantinus,  Hy- 
drophthalmia— o.  Genu,  Patella — o.  Lacrymans, 
Epiphora — o.  Purulentus,  Hypopyon — o.  Sim- 
plex, see  Monoculus — o.  Typhonis,  Seilla. 

OCYMUM,  see  Ocimum  —  o.  Sylvestre,  Clino- 
podium  vulgare. 

OCYODYNIC,  Ocytocic. 

OCYPH'ONUS,  from  ok-u?,  'quick,'  and  (povoi, 
'murder.'     An  agent  that  kills  speedily. 

OCYTOCEUS,  Ocytocic. 

OCYTOCIC,  Oxytocic,  Ocytoc'eus,  Ocytoc'itia, 
Ocyf'ocus,  Ocyody'nic,  Odinago'gus,  from  o|wf, 
'  quick,'  and  roKsg,  '  labour.'  Any  thing  that  ex- 
pedites parturition. 

OCYTOCIUS,  Ocytocic. 

OCYTOCUS,  Ocytocic. 


OD 


644 


ODONTRYPT 


OD.  A  term,  employed  by  Reiclien'bach  to 
designate  an  "efiFective  force,"  which,  according 
to  him,  not  only  manifests  itself  in  contact  -with 
man,  as  in  the  case  of  magnets,  crystals,  the 
hands,  &o.,  but,  also,  at  distances,  as  from  the 
gun,  moon,  and  stars  —  indeed  from  all  matter. 
Such  a  force  is  termed  by  him  odic. 

ODAXIS'MUS,  Odaxes'miis,  Odontocne'sis, 
Odoiitocnes'mus,  oSa^rjafio;;  a  sensation  of  biting 
or  pricking,  as  that  in  the  gums  whieh  precedes 
the  appearance  of  the  teeth. 

ODES.     A  suffix,  see  Eidos. 

ODEUR,  Odour. 

ODIC,  see  Od. 

ODIN,  Pains,  (labour.) 

ODINAGOGUS,  Ocytocic. 

ODINOL'YSIS,  from  oiiv,  'labour  pains,'  and 
Xuiri?,  '  solution.'     Mitigation  of  labour  pains. 

ODINOPCE'A,  from  oliv,  'labour  pains,'  and 
Touu),  'I  make.'  Agents  that  encourage  labour 
pains. 

ODIS,  Pains,  labour. 

ODME,  Odour. 

ODONTAGOGON,  Dentagra. 

ODON'TAGRA,  from  otovs,  oSovro?,  'a  tooth,' 
and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  A  rheumatic  or  gouty 
pain  in  the  teeth.     Dentagra. 

ODOXTAL'GIA,  from  o5ovg,  oSovro;,  'a  tcoth,' 
and  aXyoi,  'pain.'  Den'tlnm  dolor,  Toofhach, 
Odon'tia,  0.  doloro'sa,  GompJii'asis,  Gomphms'- 
mus,  Odonfodi/n'ia,  (F.)  Douleur  des  dents,  Flux- 
ion sur  les  dents,  Mai  de  dent  ou  d'amour.  A  dis- 
ease dependent  upon  a  variety  of  causes  affecting 
the  cavity  of  the  tooth  ;  but  generally  owing  to 
caries,  whieh  exposes  the  cavity  to  the  action  of 
the  air,  and  to  extraneous  matters  in  general. 
Hence,  the  treatment  consists  in  plugging  the 
tooth,  or  destroying  the  sensibility  of  the  nerve 
by  powerful  stimulants;  and,  if  these  means  fail, 
in  extracting  the  tooth. 

Odontalgia  Cariosa,  Dental  gangrene — o. 
Dentitionis,  Dentition — o.  Hfemodia,  Haemodia. 

Odontalgia  Nervo'sa,  Neuralgia  Denta'lis. 
Neuralgia  of  the  teeth.  Characterized  by  pe- 
riodical pain,  shooting  with  the  utmost  violence 
along  the  branches  of  the  fifth  pair  distributed  to 
the  affected  jaw. 

Odontalgia  Rejiittens  zt  Intermittens, 
Ifeuralsria  infra-orbitaria. 

ODOXTALGIC,  Anti-odontalgie. 

ODOXTAMBLYOGMUS,  HfEmodia. 

ODOXTH.EMODIA,  Hjemodia. 

ODOXTHARPAGA.  Dentajrra. 

ODOXTIIYPERiESTHESIS,  Hsemodia. 

ODOXTIA,  Odontalgia. 

Odon'tia  Defor'mis.  Deformity  of  the  teeth 
from  error  of  shape,  position,  or  number. — Good. 

Odontia  Dentitionis  Lactantium,  see  Denti- 
tion (first) — 0.  Dentitionis  puerilis,  see  Dentition 
(second)  —  o.  Edentula,  see  Nefrendes  —  o.  Ex- 
crescens.  Epulis — o.  Incrustans,  Odontolithos — o. 
Stuporis,  Hfemodia. 

ODOXTIASIS,  Dentition. 

ODONTIATER,  Dentist. 

ODOXTIATRIA,  Dentistry. 

ODOXTIC,  Anti-odontalgie. 

ODOXTI'TIS,  Odontophleg'mone.  from  o^o"?, 
9S0VT0;,  'a.  tooth,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  teeth. 

ODOXTOBOTHRI'TIS,   Odontopliatni'tis,  In- 
Jlamma'tio     alveolo'rum,    from     odontohothrivm.  j 
(o5oiis,  oiovTog,  'a  tooth,'  and  jSo^fiov,  'alveolus,')  j 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.     Inflammation 
of  the  alveoli.  I 

ODOXTOBOTHRIUM,  Alveolus.  { 

ODOXTOCLA'SIS,  from  ocovg,  ocovto;,  'aj 
tooth,'  and  /cXao-if,  'fracture:  Fractn'ra  den'tis.  \ 
Fracture  of  a  tooth.  j 

ODOXTOCXESIS,  Odaxismus.  ! 


Dentisealpium,    Gum 
Odontograpli'ia,     from 


0D0XT0CXE3MUS,  Odaxismus. 
ODOXTODES.  Odontoid. 
ODOXTODYXIA,  Odontalgia. 
ODOXTOG"EXY,    Odontogen'ia,    from   o^ov?, 
ooovTo;,  'a  tooth,'  and  y^viais,  'generation.'     Ge- 
neration or  mode  of  development  of  the  teeth. 

ODOXTOGLYPHOX,  Dentisealpium,  Gum 
lancet. 

ODOXTOGLYPHUM, 
lancet. 

ODOXTOG'RAPHY, 
oSov;,  obovTos,  '  a  tooth,'  and  ypaipri,  '  a  description. 
A  description  of  the  teeth. 

ODOX'TOID,  Odontoi'des,  Odonto'des,  Denti. 
form'is,  Denta'lis,  Dentoideus,  Pyreno'i'des,  from 
oi^ous,  obovTos,  'a  tooth,'  and  uhoi,  'shape,'  're- 
semblance.' An  epithet  given  to  the  Processus 
dentatus  of  the  second  vertebra  or  axis. 

Odontoid  Lig'aments,  Ligamen'ta  ala'ria  seu 
Mauchar'ti.  (F.)  Ligaments  odonio'idiens,  are  two 
strong  and  short  conical  fasciculi,  whose  trun- 
cated summits  embrace  the  sides  of  the  odontoid 
process,  and  whose  bases  are  fixed  in  the  fossae 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  condyles  of  the  occipital 
bone.  TI.eir  direction  is  obliquely  outwards  and 
slightly  upwards.  They  enter  into  the  composi- 
tion of  the  occipito-axoid  articulation,  strengthen 
the  junction  of  the  head  with  the  vertebral 
column,  and  limit  the  movement  of  rotation  of 
the  atlas  on  the  axis. 

Other  ligamentous  fibres  pass  from  the  highest 

portion  of  the  processus  dentatus  to  the  anterior 

margin  of  the  foramen  magnum  of  the  occipital 

■  bone — cons titu ting  the  Xi'^ameH'<un!8u«^enso'n'iiOT 

dent  is. 

ODOXTOL'ITHOS,  (F.)  Odontoliihe,  from 
oSov;,  oiovrog,  'a  tooth,'  and  Ai5of,  'a  stone.'  A 
sort  of  incrustation,  of  a  yellowish  colour,  which 
forms  at  the  coronfe  of  the  teeth,  and  is  called 
Tartar,  Tnr'tarns  Den'tium,  Odon'tia  incrus'fans, 
Cal'culus  denta'lis,  (F.)  Tartre  des  dents,  T.  den- 
taire.  It  consists  of  seventy-nine  parts  of  phos- 
phate of  lime;  twelve  and  a  half  of  mucus:  one 
of  a  particular  salivary  matter,  and  seven  and  a 
half  of  animal  substance,  soluble  in  chlorohydrio 
acid.  A  species  of  infusoria,  Dentic'ola  hom'inis, 
has  been  found  in  it. 

ODONTOL'OGY,  Odontolog"ia,  from  olov<;, 
olovTo;,  'a  tooth,'  and  y^oyoi,  'a  discourse.'  An 
anatomical  treatise  of  the  teeth. 

ODOXTOXECROSIS,  Dental  ganerene. 

ODOXTOPARALLAX'IS,  from  obovs,  obovroi, 
'a  tooth,'  and  TrapoXAafis,  'deviation.'  Irregu- 
larity and  obliquity  of  the  teeth;  (Prov.)  Snaggle 
teeth. 

ODOX'TOPIIATXE,  Alveolus. 

ODOXTOPIIATXITIS,  Odontobothritis. 

ODOXTOPLEROSIS,  see  Filling. 

ODOXTOPHYIA,  Dentition. 

ODOXTOPRISIS,  Brygmus,  Stridor  dentium. 

ODOX'TOSEI'SIS,  Odontoseis'mus,  Den'tium 
vacillan'tia,  from  obovs,  obovrog,  'a  tooth,'  and 
aaatg,  'shakiiie.'     Looseness  of  the  teeth. 

ODOXTOSEISMUS,  Odontoseisis. 

ODOXTOSMEGMA,  Dentifrice. 

ODOXTOSPHACELISIS,  Dental  gangrene. 

ODOXTOSPHACELISMUS,  Dental  gana-rene. 

ODOXTOSTERE'SIS,  from  obovs,  obovros,  'a 
tooth,'  and  oTiprjais,  'privation.'  Loss  of  the 
teeth. 

ODOXTOSYN'ERTSM'US,  from  obovs,  obovros, 
'a  tooth,'  and  cwept^ctv,  'to  strike  together;'  (F.) 
Claquement.     Chattering  of  the  teeth. 

ODOXTOTECHXY,  Dentistry. 

ODOXTOTHERAPIA,  Dentistry. 

ODOXTOTRIMMA,  Dentifrice. 

ODONTOTRYPY,  Odontrypv. 

ODOX'TRYPY,  Odontot'rypij,  Odontotryp'in, 
from  obovs,  obovros,  'a  tooth,'  and  rpwaia,  'I  per- 


ODORAMENTUM 


6  45 


(ENOLOTIF 


forate.'     The  operation  of  perforating  a  tooth  to  f 
evacuate  purulent  matter  confined  in  the  cavity 
of  the  pulp. 

ODORAMEXTUM,  Odoriferum. 
ODOliANT,  see  Odour. 
ODD  RAT,  Olfaction. 
ODORATIO,  Olfaction. 

ODORATUS,  Olfaction— 0.  Deperditus,  Anos- 
mia. 

OBORIF'ERUM,  from  odor,  odoris,   'odour,' 
and/era,  '  I  carry  ;'  Odoramen'tum.     A  medicine 
that  gives  odour  or  flavour,    A  scent.  A  perfume. 
ODOROUS,  see  Odour. 
OD03,  Way. 

O'DOUR,  Odor,  Odme,  Osme,  (F.)  Odeur.  A 
smell.  Odours  are  subtle  particles,  constantly 
escaping  from  the  surface  of  certain  bodies  hence 
called  o'fioroJM,  (F.)  Odoraiit.  They  act,  in  some 
manner,  by  actual  contact  with  the  nerves  of  the 
Schneiderian  membrane,  and  give  occasion  to  the 
sense  of  smell  or  olfaction. 
ODOUS,  see  Teeth. 

OD'YNE,  o(5uv;7,  'pain,'  Dolor,   Od>/ne'tna.     A 
very  common  sufBx  to  words;  as  in  Pleurodyne. 
ODYNEMA,  Odyne. 

(ECIOMA'XIA,  Oikeiomri'nia,  from  oiKcio;,  'be- 
longing to  a  household  or  family,'  and  mania.  A 
form  of  moral  insanity,  characterized  by  domes- 
tic perversity. 

(ECOXOMIA,  Economy— oe.  Animalis,  Phy- 
Eiolojry. 

(EDALICUS,  CEdematous. 
(EDALIUS,  (Edematous. 

(EDE'MA,  from  oiSco),  'I  am  swollen.'  Hi/- 
dron'ciw,  (Ederiiat' ia,  Ui/deron'cus,  Hydaton'cus, 
Hijdrooede' ma,  Hijdrede'ma,  Hxjdropn  cellida'ria 
ar'tanm,  Phhgma'tia,  Leucopldeqma'tia,  Ecphy'- 
ma  cedemat'icum,  (F.)  (Ediine,  (Edemntie,  Enjiure. 
Swelling  produced  by  the  accumulation  of  a  se- 
rous fluid  in  the  interstices  of  the  areolar  texture. 
This  swelling  is  soft;  yields  under  the  finger; 
preserves  the  impression  for  some  time,  and  is 
pale  and  without  pain.  It  presents  the  same 
characters  as  anasarca,  which  is  general  oedema. 
Its  etiology  and  tr-eatment  are  also  the  same. 
See  Anasarca. 

(Edema  Acctdji,  see  Anasarca. 
(Edema   Arsenica'lis.     The    swelling  of  the 
eyelids  and  face,  induced  by  continued  use  of  the 
preparations  of  arsenic. 

(Edema  Calidum,  see  Anasarca — oe.  Capitis, 
Hydrocephalus,  ex  ternus. 

(Ede'ma  Cek'ebri,  (F.)  CEdhne  da  cerveaxi. 
(Edema  of  the  brain.  A  condition  of  the  cerebral 
pulp,  in  which  there  is  an  infiltration  of  serous 
fluid  into  it,  so  that  it  appears  more  moist  or  wa- 
tery than  common  ;  and,  when  sliced  or  pressed, 
small  drops  of  water  are  seen  to  ooze  out. 

(Edema,  Compact,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue  —  oe.  Cruentum,  Suggillation — oe.  Febrile, 
see  Anasarca — ce.  Fugas,  Anathymiasis — ce. 
Hystericum,  Anathymiasis. 

(Edema  of  the  (tlottis,  CE^.  glot'tidis,  (Edem'- 
atous  Laryngi'tis  or  angina, Laryngi'tis  snbimico'sa 
seu  cedetnato'sa  seu  eero-purulen'ta,  Hydrops  glot'- 
tidis, Angi'na  aqno'sa  seu  larynge'a  cedetnato'sa, 
Sahmn'cous  Laryngi'tis,  (F.)  Lriryngite  cedema- 
teics-e,  L.  cedemateuse  et  sero-purulente  ou  sus-glot- 
tiqiie  ou  sous-muqxteuse,  Angine  laryngee  oedema- 
tense,  CEdeme  de  la  glotte.  A  disease  consisting 
of  serous  or  sero-purulent  infiltration  into  the 
submucous  tissue  of  the  glottis.  The  symptoms 
resemble  those  of  croup ;  but  the  disease  attacks 
the  adult  rather  than  the  child.  The  age  is,  in- 
deed, a  principal  means  of  diagnosis  between  the 
two  affections. 

The  disease  is  almost  always  fatal.  The  treat- 
ment has  to  vary  according  to  the  accompanying 
general  symptoms. 


(Edema  Lacteum,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

(Edp:ma  op  the  Lungs,  CE.  pulmo'num,  Pneu- 
moch'ysis,  Paeumoncede'ma,  Hydrops  seu  ana- 
san' ca  Pulmo'  nam,  Hydropneumo'  nia,  (F.) 
(Edhne  dii  poumon.  Laentiee  has  so  called  the 
infiltration  of  serum  into  the  tissue  of  the  lung, 
carried  to  such  an  extent  as  to  diminish  its 
permeability  to  air.  It  is  not  an  uncommon 
sequela  of  pneumonia,  and  the  major  exanthe- 
mata. The  respiration  is  laborious ;  the  respira- 
tory murmur  scarcely  perceptible,  although  the 
thorax  is  largely  expanded,  and  there  is  a  slight 
rale  crepitant,  particularly  at  the  base  and  infe- 
rior part  of  the  lung.  The  sound  on  percussion 
is  clear,  and  on  both  sides  equally  so.  The  cough 
is  attended  with  aqueous  expectoration.  In  some 
cases  the  respiration  becomes  peurile  in  a  small 
portion  of  the  summit  of  the  lung. 

(Edema  NEOXATORnM,  Induration  of  the  cellu- 
lar tissue  —  oe.  Palpebrarum,  Hydroblepharon  — 
oe.  Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolens — oe.  Pulmo- 
num,  (Edema  of  the  lungs — oe.  Pulmonum  chro- 
nicum,  Hydropneumonia — •  oe.  Scroti  aquosum, 
Oschydroedema  —  oe.  Scroti  cruentum,  Osehaema- 
toedema — oe.  Scroti  purulentum,  Oscheopyoedema 
—  oe.  Scroti  urinosum,  Urocele  —  oe.  Spasticum, 
Anathymiasis — ce.  Uvulae,  Staphyloedema. 

(ED'EMATIA,  (Edema. 

(EDEMATIE,  (Edema. 

(EDEMATOSARCA,  (Edemosarca. 

(EDEMATOSCHEOCE'LE,  (EdemoscJieoce' le, 
Oscheoce'll  cedemat'ica.  Oscheocele  with  cedema 
of  the  scrotum. 

(EDE.M'ATOUS,  (Edemata' sits,  (Edemat'icus, 
CEdemato'des,  CEdal'ius,  CEdal'icus,  Edem'atous, 
(F.)  (Edeniateux.  Affected  with  cedema,  (F.) 
(Edematie,  of  the  nature  of  oedema. 

CEDEilE,  (Edema  —  oe.  da  Cerveau,  (Edema 
cerebri  —  ce.  Doulouren.c  cles  femmes  en  couehe, 
Phlegmatia  dolens — oe.  des  Noaiielles  acconchees, 
Phlegmatia  dolens  —  ce..  aciif  des  Nouvelles  ae- 
cnuchees,  Phlegmatia  dolen.s  —  ce.  de  la  Glotte, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis  —  ce.  de  la  Glotte,  Angina 
oedematosa —  ce.  du  Tissn  cellulaire  des  nouveau- 
nes,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

(EDEMOSAPu'CA,  (Edemafosar'ca.  A  species 
of  tumour  mentioned  by  M.  A.  Severinus,  which 
holds  a  middle  place  between  oedema  and  sarcoma. 

(EDEMOSCHEOCELE,  (Edematoscheocele. 

CEIL,  Eye — ce.  de  Bcenf,  Anthemis  tinctoria — • 
ce.  Double,  Binoculus — ce.  de  Liecre,  Lagophthal- 
mus — ce.  Simple,  see  Monoculus. 

(EILLET  GIROFLEE,  Dianthus  caryophyl- 
lus.  ^ 

(EILLIERE,  Scaphium  oculare. 

(ENAN'THE,  CE.  croca'ta  seu  cTicBropJiyl'U 
fo'liis,  Hemlock,  dropwort.  Hemlock  water-drop- 
wort.  Nat.  Ord.  Umbelliferae.  Sex.  Sysf.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia,  from  oivog,  'wine,'  and  av&o;,  'a 
flower;'  its  flowers  smelling  like  the  vine.  A 
violent  poison  of  the  acro-narcotic  class.  Its 
juice  has  been  recommended  in  certain  cutaneous 
diseases  :  but  it  is  scarcely  ever  used.  It  is  em- 
ployed in  fomentations. 

(JEn'anthe  Aquatica,  Phellandrium  aquaticum 
— oe.  Phellandrium,  Phellandrium  aquaticum — oe. 
Striata  rigida,  Seseli  tortuosum. 

(ENEL^'OX,  from  oivo;,  'wine,'  and  iXatov, 
'oil.'  A  mixture  of  oil  and  wine. — Galen.  Also, 
rectified  spirit  or  alcohol. 

(ENOG'ALA,  oivoyci\a,  from  oivo;,  'wine,'  and 
yaXa,  'milk,'  —  'a  mixture  of  wine  and  milk.' 
According  to  some,  wine  as  warm  as  new  milk. 

(ENOG'AROX,    Garum    vino   mistum.      "Wine 
mixed  with  garum. — Aetius. 
GENOLATURE,  see  Vinum. 

(ENOLE,  see  Vinum. 

(ENOLOTIF  (P.).      A   name   given   by   M 


GENOIDES 


646 


OGLA 


BSral  to  a  medicine  intended  for  external  use, 
■whose  excipient  is  wine, 

CENOIDES,  Vinous. 

GiNOMA'jSriA,  Oinoma'nia,  from  oivos,  'wine,' 
and  mania.  Deliriuia  tremens.  Properly,  wine- 
mania.  An  insatiable  desire  for  intoxicating 
liquors. 

(E'NOMEL,  (Eiiom'eli,  from  oivo;,  '  wine,'  and 
HeKi,  'honey.'  Mel  vino' sum,  Ilulsam  Vino' sum. 
Honey  wine.     Wine  mead.     See  Hydromel. 

(ENOPHLYGIA,  Temulentia. 

CE:!^0PHLYXIS,  Temulentia. 

(ENOS,  Wine. 

CENOSTAGMA,  Spiritus  vini  rectiflcatus. 

CEl^JOTHE'RA  BIEN'NIS,  (E.  MoUis'sima  seu 
murica'taseu.gauroi'des,  On' agra,  Evening  Prim- 
rose, Tree  Primrose,  Primrose  tree,  Care-all, 
Soahish.  An  indigenous  plant,  common  on  the 
borders  of  fields,  and  in  natural  hedges.  Orel. 
Onagracese.  Sex.  Sj/st.  Octandria  Monogynia. 
Its  properties  are  mucilaginous  and  slightly 
acrid.  A  decoction  has  been  used  in  cases  of  in- 
fantile and  other  eruptions. 

(Enothera  Gauroides,  0.  biennis  —  oe.  Muri- 
cata,  0.  biennis. 

(ESOPHAGE'AL,  (Esophaga'tis,  (F.)  (Eso- 
phagien.  Same  etymon  as  oesophagus.  Relating 
or  belonging  to  the  oesophagus. 

(Esophageal  Ap'ERTaRs  of  the  Di'aphragm, 
Fora'men  cesophage'um,  (F.)  Onverture  oesojiha- 
gienne  dii  diaphrngme.  An  opening  in  the  dia- 
phragm for  the  passage  of  the  oesophagus. 

OESOPHAGEAL  ApeETURE  OF  THE    StOMACH.      A 

name  given  to  the  superior  or  cardiac  orifice  of 
the  stomach,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  inferior  or 
pyloric.     See  Cardia. 

ffisoPixAGEAL  Muscle,  CEsopTiagm'us.  Some 
anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  transverse 
muscular  fibres  which  surround  the  oesophagus 
at  its  upper  extremity. 

(Esophageal  Tube,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

(ESOPHAGEURYS'MA,  (Esoph'agus  succen- 
turia'tus,  from  oiiTo(payog,  'the  oesophagus,'  and 
shfvaiia,  '  dilatation.'     Dilatation  of  the  oesopha- 

gTlS. 

(ESOPHAGIALGIA,  (Esophagismus. 

(ESOPHAGIARCTIA,  Dysphagia  constricta. 

(ESOPHAGIEN,  (muscle).  Constrictor  oeso- 
phagi. 

(ESOPHAGIS'MUS,  (Esophagis'mum.  A  name 
given  by  Vogel  to  spasm  of  the  oesophagus,  Bi/s- 
pha'gia  Spasmod'ica  seu  Spas'tica  seu  Nervo'sa, 
Strictu'ra  oesoph'agi  spasmod'ica,  CEiophagial'- 
gia,  (Esophagospasm'us,  l^nes'mus  Gulce,  (F.) 
Tenesme  de  I'oesophage.  By  some  used  synony- 
mously with  oesophagitis,  dysphagia,  and  con- 
traction of  the  oesophagus. 

(ESOPHAGI'TIS,  Angi'na  seu  Cijnan'cM  ceso- 
phagce'a,  DtjspTia'gia  inflammato'ria,  Influmma'- 
iio  oesoph'agi  seu  Gulce,  (F.)  Angine  oesopha- 
gienne.     Inflammation  of  the  oesophao-us. 

(ESOPHAGODYN'IA,  from  oiaoi^ayog,  'the 
oesophagus,'  and  oSvvri,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  oeso- 
phagus. 

CESOPHAGOPATni'A,  jMorhus  (Esoph'agi, 
from  oiaocjiayoi,  'the  oesophagus,'  and  -aadog, 
'  disease.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  oesopha- 
gus. 

(ESOPHAGOPLE'GIA,  Dyspha'gia  paralyt'- 
iea,  Lmmoparahf  sis,  from  oiao<payog,  '  the  oeso- 
phagus,' and  n^nyi,  'a  stroke.'  Paralysis  of  the 
oesophagus. 

(ESOPHAGORRHAG"IA, from  oi<ro0ayo?, 'the 
oesophagus,'  and  payij,  'a  rupture.  Hemorrhage 
from  the  oesophagus. 

CESOPHAGORRHCE'A,  from  oiao(payog,  'the 
oesophagus,'  and  psu),  'I  flow.'  Discharge  of 
blood  or  mucus  from  the  oesophao-us. 

CESOPHAGOSPAS'MUS,  from  oi<,o<payoi,  'the 


oesophagus,'  and  a-acjios,  '  spasm.'     Spasm  of  the 
oesophagus. 

CESOPHAGOT'OMY,  (Esophagotom'ia,  from 
oityo(payo{,  '  the  oesophagus,'  and  renrstv,  '  to  cut.' 
An  incision  made  into  the  oesophagus  for  the 
purpose  of  extracting  foreign  bodies  from  it. 

CESOPH'AGUS,  from  oiu,  'future'  o,^o>,  'I 
carry,'  and  (payw,  '  I  eat ;'  Gula,  Fis'tida  ciba'lis, 
Fis'tula  seu  In/undib'uliirn  Ventric'uli,  Via  storn'- 
achi  et  ventris,  Gluttus.  The  Gullet,  (Prov.) 
Wizen.  A  musculo-membranous  canal,  cylin- 
drical, and  depressed  from  before  to  behind, 
which  extends  from  the  inferior  extremity  of  the 
pharynx  to  the  upper  ori&ce  of  the  stomach.  At 
its  origin,  it  is  situate  in  the  median  line ;  but 
beneath  the  larynx,  it  deviates  to  the  left,  and  in 
the  chest  experiences  different  reflections.  In 
its  cervical  portion,  it  corresponds,  behind,  with 
the  spine;  before,  with  the  larynx  and  trachea; 
and,  at  the  sides,  it  is  close  to  the  primitive  caro- 
tids, internal  jugular  veins,  par  vagum,  recur- 
rent nerves,  &c.  In  its  inferior  or  thoracic  por- 
tion, the  oesophagus  is  entirely  contained  in  the 
posterior  mediastinum  ;  and  enters  the  abdomen 
through  the  oesophageal  aperture,  Fora'men  oeso- 
2yhage'um,  of  the  diaphragm.  The  oesophagus 
is  composed  of  a  very  strong  muscular  layer, 
sometimes  called  Tunica  vagina'lis  gulce  ;  formed, 
itself,  of  two  sets  of  fibres,  the  external  being 
general  longitudinal,  the  internal  transverse  or 
annular.  2.  Of  a  mucous  membrane  which  is 
soft,  fine,  thin,  and  white,  especially  at  its  lower 
part.  It  is  continuous,  above,  with  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  pharynx.  The  mucous  folli- 
cles, found  beneath  it,  are  not  numerous,  and 
have  been  called  Oesophageal  glands.  The  arte- 
ries of  the  oesophagus  proceed,  in  the  nock,  from 
the  thyroid;  in  the  chest,  from  the  bronchial  ar- 
teries and  directly  from  the  aorta; — in  the  abdo- 
men, from  the  inferior  phrenic,  and  coronaria 
ventriculi.  Its  veins  empty  themselves  into  the 
inferior  thyroid,  the  vena  cava  superior,  the  in- 
ternal mammary,  azygos,  bronchial,  phrenic,  and 
coronaria  ventriculi.  Its  lymphatics  pass  into 
the  ganglia  surrounding  it.  Its  nerves  are  afforded 
by  the  pharyngeal  and  pulmonary  plexuses ;  by 
the  cardiac  nerves;  the  thoracic  ganglia,  and, 
especially,  by  the  pneumogastrics  and  their  re- 
current branches. 

CEsoPHAGUs  SuccENTURiATDS,  Pharyngocele. 

(ESTROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

CESTRUATION,  Orgasm,  see  Heat. 

CESTRUM,  Clitoris. 

CEsTRUM  VE>f'ERis,  CE.  vene'reum,  CEstrus 
vene'reus ;  from  oicrpog,  vestrus,  'a  violent  impulse 
or  desire.'  A  vehement  desire  for  sexual  inter- 
course. Orgasm.  With  some,  oestrum  signifies 
Clitoris. 

CESTRUS,  Clitoris,  see  Ectozoa — oe.  Venereus, 
'  CEstrum  venereum. 

(E'SYPUS,  from  oi;,  'a  sheep.'  The  greasy 
matter  of  unwashed  wool;  formerly  employed  in 
friction  in  diseased  joints. 

(EITFS,  Ova. 

OFFICE,  PHYSICIAN'S  or  SURGEON'S, 
latrion. 

OFFICINA,  Pharmacopolium. 

OFFICINAL,  Offi.cina'lis,  from  offieina,  for 
opificina,  (from  opifex  {opus  and  facio,)  'a  work- 
man,') 'a  shop.'  An  epithet  for  medicines  found 
in  the  shop  of  the  apothecary,  ready  prepared  — 
usua'lia  ;  in  opposition  to  magistral  or  extempo- 
raneous,— those  prepared  after  the  prescription  of 
the  physician. 

OFFIUM,  Affion,  Opium. 

OFFSPRING,  Epigone. 

OFFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis. 

OGLA,  Oogala. 


OGNOK 


647 


OINTMENT 


OGNON,  a  Corn— o.  irarin,  Scilla. 
OHI'O,  MINERAL   WATERS    OF.      Yellow 
Spring  is  a  chalybeate,  situate  in  Greene  county, 
64  miles  from  Cincinnati.     It  is  somewhat  fre- 
quented. 

OiDIUM  ABORTIFACIENS,  see  Ergot— o. 
Albicans,  Aphthaphyte — o.  Schoenleini,  see  Por- 
rigo  favosa. 

OIE,  Sorbus  domestica. 
OIGNON,  Allium  cepa. 
OTKEIOMANIA,  (Eciomania. 
OIL,  O'leum,  Elcs'on,  cXaiov,  (F.)  Huile ;  from 
e\aia,  '  the  olive.'   A  collective  name,  under  which 
two  classes   of  fluids  are  included,  very  different 
from  each  other  :  those  belonging  to  the  one  class, 
are  viscid,  mawkish  or  almost  insipid;  those  of 
the  other  are  nearly  devoid  of  viscidity,  and  are 
caustic  and  very  volatile.     The  former  are  called 
/at  or  fixed  oils  /  the  latter  volatile  or  essential 
oils  or  essences. 

Oil,  see  Ricinus  communis. 
Oil  of  Almonds,  Oleum  amygdalarum —  o.  of 
bitter  Almonds,  Oleum  amygdalae  amarse — o.  of 
Amber,  rectified,  see  Succinura — -o.  of  Anda,  see 
Anda  —  o.  Animal,  Oleum  animale  —  o.  Animal, 
of  Dippel,  Oleum  animale  Dippelii  —  o.  of  Bay, 
Daphnelseon  —  o.  of  Bays,  Oleum  laurinum — o. 
and  Beeswax,  Unguentum  eeras  —  o.  of  Ben,  see 
Guilandina  moringa — o.  of  Benjamin  or  Benzoin, 
Oleum  benzoini — o.  Benne,  see  Sesamum  orien- 
tale  —  0.  of  Bergamot,  see  Bergamot. 

Oil,  British.  An  empirical  preparation  often 
used  in  eases  of  sprains.  A  committee  of  the 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy  recommended 
the  following  form  for  its  preparation. — 01.  Tere- 
binth., 01.  Lini  nsfitatis.  aa  f.^iij.  01.  Siiccini., 
01.  Juniper,  aa  f§iv.  Petrol.  Barhadens.  f^iij, 
Petrol.  American.  (Seneca  Oil,)  f§j.     M. 

Oil  op  Cacao,  Butter  of  Cacao — o.  of  Cade, 
see  Juniperus  Oxycedrus — -o.  Carron,  Linimentum 
aquas  calcis — o.  of  the  Cashew  nut,  see  Anacar- 
dium  occidentale  —  o.  Castor,  see  Ricinus  com- 
munis—  0.  of  Chabert,  Oleum  animale  empyreu- 
maticum  Chaberti  — •  o.  of  Cinnamon,  see  Laurus 
cinnamomum — o.  of  Cloves,  Eugenia  caryophyl- 
lata  —  0.  Cod,  0.  Jecoris  aselli — o.  Codliver,  0. 
Jecoris  aselli — o.  of  Copaiba,  Oleum  Copaibse — o. 
Cornspirit,  Oil,  fusel  —  o.  of  Cubebs,  see  Piper 
eubeba^o.  of  Cypress,  Cyprinum  oleum — o.  of 
Dill,  see  Anethumgraveolens — o.  Dippel's,  Oleum 
animale  Dippelii — o.  of  Egg,  see  Ovum — o.  Ethe- 
real, Oleum  ^thereum — o.  Flaxseed,  see  Linum 
usitatissimum. 

Oil,  Fusel,  Al'cohol  amyVicuni  (Ph.  D.),  Fou- 
sel  oil,  Pota'to  oil.  Grain  oil,  Cornspirit  oil,  Po- 
ta' to  spirit  oil.  Oil  of  potatoes,  Ami/l'ic  al'cohol, 
Hy' drated  oxide  of  amyle,  {  (G.)  Fusel,  an  epithet 
for  poor  brandy.)  An  acrid  volatile  oil,  formed 
in  the  manufacture  of  potato  brandy,  and  which 
is  not  easily  separable  from  it.  Its  chemical 
constitution  is  analogous  to  that  of  alcohol.  It 
exhales  a  powerful  and  peculiarly  suffocating 
odour.  S.  g.  -SIS.  In  small  doses  it  is  highly 
stimulating, — acting  like  narcotics  in  general.  In 
large  doses  it  destroys  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  stomach.  It  is  used  by  the  Dublin  College 
in  the  preparation  of  Sodae  valerianas. 
Oil,  Grain,  Oil,  fusel. 

Oil,  Haerlem.  An  empirical  preparation  sup- 
posed to  consist  chiefly  of  petroleum,  turpentine, 
and  balsam  of  sulphur.  Used  internally  in  renal 
and  rheumatic  affections. 

Oil,  Krdihtolz,  see  Pinus  mughos  —  o.  of  Le- 
mons, see  Citrus  raedica  —  o.  Lily,  see  Lilium 
eandidum  —  o.  of  Mace,  expressed,  s.ee  Myristiea 
—  0.  of  Mastieh,  see  Pistacia  Lentiscus  —  o.  of 
Mucilages,  Oleum  e  mueilaginibus  —  o.  Neats- 
foot.  Oleum  bubulum  —  o.  of  Nicodemus,  Nico- 


demi  oleum — o.  ^ut,  Juglans  cinerea — o.  of  Nut- 
megs, see  Myristiea  moschata  — •  o.  Olive,  Oleum 
olivae — o.  Palm,  see  Cocos  butyracea — o.  Paper, 
Pyrothonide — o.  Parsley,  Apiol — o.  Pennyroyal, 
see  Hedeoma  pulegioides — o.  of  Pike,  Oleum  lucii 
piscis — 0.  of  Potatoes,  Oil,  fusel  — o.  Potato,  Oil, 
fusel — 0.  Potato  spirit,  Oil,  fusel  —  o.  Rag,  Pyro- 
thonide— 0.  Red,  see  Hypericum  perforatum — o. 
Rock,  Petroleum  —  o.  of  Rose  Geranium,  Oleum 
graminis  Indici — o.  of  Roses,  see  Piosa  eentifolia 
— 0.  of  Rue,  Peganelaeon,  see  Ruta — o.  Skateliver, 
see  Oleum  Jecoris  aselli — o.  of  Spike,  Oleum  tore- 
binthinae  —  o.  of  St.  John's  Wort,  see  Hypericum 
perforatum  —  o.  Salad,  Oleum  olivse — o.  of  Scor- 
pion, see  Scorpion  —  o.  Seneca,  Petroleum,  New 
York — o.  of  Spike,  see  Lavandula  spica  —  o.  of 
Spikenard,  Oleum  graminis  Indici — o.  Sulphu- 
retted, Balsamum  sulphuris  simplex — o.  of  Tar- 
tar, Liquor  potassa3  subcarbonatis — o.  of  Tobacco, 
Oleum  tabaci  —  o.  of  Turpentine,  Oleum  terebin- 
thina3  —  o.  of  Turpentine,  rectified,  Oleum  tere- 
binthinae  rectificatum  —  o.  of  Valerian,  Oleum 
valerianaj  —  o.  of  Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid  —  o.  of 
Wine,  Oleum  aethereum. 

Oils,  Animal,  Olea  animalia — o.  Distilled,  Olea 
volatilia — o.  Empyreumatic.  Olea  empyreumatica 
— 0.  Essential,  Olea  volatilia  —  o.  Ethereal,  Olea 
volatilia — o.  Expressed,  Olea  fixa — o.  Fatty,  Olea 
flxa — o.  Fixed,  Olea  fixa — o.  Fugacious,  Olea  fu- 
gaeia — o.  Medicinal,  Olea  medicinalia — o.  Vola- 
tile, Olea  volatilia. 

OILY,  Oleaginous — o.  Grain,  Sesamum  orient- 
ale. 

OINOMANIA.  CEnomania. 
OINOS  KRITHES,  Cerevisia. 
OINTMENT,  Unguentum— o.  Antimonial,  Un- 
guentum  antimonii — o.  of  Antimony,  tartarized, 
Unguentum  antimonii. 

Ointment,  Arsen'ical,  of  Sir  Actley  Cooper. 
This  is  made  of  arsenions  acid  Jj  :  sulphur,  ^j  ; 
spermaceti  cerate,  ^}.  It  is  spread  on  lint,  and 
applied  to  cancerous  sores. 

Ointment,  Basilicon,  Unguentum  resinae — o. 
Bay,  Unguentum  laurinum  —  o.  of  Belladonna, 
Unguentum  belladonnae  —  o.  Blister,  Cerate  of 
cantharides  —  o.  Blistering,  green,  Unguentum 
lyttiE  medicatum — o.  Blistering,  milder,  Unguen- 
tum lyttae  —  o.  Blistering,  yellow,  Unguentum 
lyttae  medicatum  aliud  —  o.  Blue,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  — 0.  Citrine,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
nitratis — o.  of  Cocculus  Indicus,  Unguentum  coc- 
culi — 0.  of  Creasote,  Unguentum  creasoti — o.  Cu- 
cumber, see  Cucumis  sativus  —  o.  Cyrillo's,  Un- 
guentum muriatis  hydrargyri  oxygenati  medica- 
tum—  o.  Digestive,  simple,  Unguentum  digesti- 
vum  simplex — •  o.  Edinburgh,  see  Unguentum 
veratri  —  o.  Elder,  Unguentum  sambuoi  —  o.  of 
Elemi,  Unguentum  elemi  compositum — o.  for  the 
Eyes,  (Smellome's,)  see  Ceratum  resinae  —  o.  of 
Galls,  Unguentum  gallffi — o.  of  Galls,  compound, 
Unguentum  gallas  compositum — o.  Garlic,  see 
Allium — 0.  of  Geranium,  Oleum  graminis  Indici 
—  0.  Gingergrass  of  Nemaur,  Oleum  graminis 
Indici — 0.  Golden,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitri- 
co-oxidi — o.  Golden,  Singleton's,  see  Singleton's 
golden  ointment  —  o.  Goulard's,  Ceratum  plumbi 
compositum — o.  Grass  of  Nemaur,  Oleum  grami- 
nis Indici  —  0.  Green,  Unguentum  sambuci  —  o. 
Hellebore,  white,  Unguentum  veratri — o.  of  Hem- 
lock,Unguentum  conii — 0.  ofHydriodate  of  Potass, 
Unguentum  potassae  hydriodatis — o.  of  Iodide  of 
Lead,  Unguentum  plumbi  iodidi— o.  of  Iodide  of 
Mercury,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  iodidi  —  o.  of 
red  Iodide  of  Mercury,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
iodidi  rubri  —  o.  of  Iodide  of  Sulphur,  Unguen- 
tum sulphuris  iodidi — o.  of  Iodine,  Unguentum 
lodini  —  0.  of  Iodine,  compound,  Unguentum 
iodini  compositum  —  o.  Issue,  Dr.  Physick's,  seo 
Unguentum    lyttae    medicatum    aliud  —  o.    Itch, 


OlOCALYMMA 


648 


OLEA   VOLATILIA 


Unguentum  sulphuris  coinpositum — o.  Itch,  Bai- 
ley's, see  Unguentum  sulphuratum  ad  scabiem — 
0.  Itch,  Bateinan's,  see  Unguentum  sulphuratum 
alcalinum  ad  scabiem — -o.  Itch,  Helmerick's,  Un- 
guentum sulphuratum  alcalinum  ad  scabiem — o. 
Itch,  Jackson's,  Unguentum  sulphuris  composi- 
tum  —  o.  Lead,  compound,  Unguentum  plumbi 
cornpositum — o.  of  white  oxide  of  Lead,  Unguen- 
tum oxidi  plumbi  albi — o.  of  Lydia,  Bacaris — o. 
Marshmallovv,  Unguentum  de  althaea  —  o.  Mer- 
curial, Unguentum  hydrargyri  —  o.  Mercurial, 
milder,  see  Unguentum  hydrargyri — o.  Mercurial, 
strong,  see  Unguentum  hydrargyri — o.  of  nitrate 
of  Mercury,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis — o. 
of  gray  oxide  of  Mercury,  Unguentum  oxidi  hy- 
drargyri cinerei  —  o.  of  nitric  oxyd  of  Mercury, 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi  — ■  o.  of 
Mezereon,  Unguentum  mezerei  —  o.  of  Nitrous 
acid,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi  —  o.  of  Pitch, 
Unguentum  resinse  nigrse  —  o.  of  Pitch,  black, 
Unguentum  resinse  nigrae  —  o.  Plunkett's,  for 
cancer,  Plunkett's  ointment  —  o.  red  Precipitate, 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — o.  of 
white  Precipitate,  Unguentum  hydrargj'ri  prae- 
cipitati   albi — o.   Resin,    Ceratum  resinse  flava 

—  0.    Resin,    black,    Unguentum    resinse .  nigrse 

—  0.  of  Rosewater,  Unguentum  aquae  roste  — 
o.  Soldier's,  Martiatum  unguentum  —  o.  of 
Spanish  flies.  Cerate  of  Cantharides,  Ungu- 
entum lyttse  —  0.  Spermaceti,  Unguentum  ce- 
tacei  —  o.  of  Stramonium,  Unguentum  stramonii 

—  o.  of  Subacetate  of  copper,  Unguentum  sub- 
acetatis  cupri  —  o.  of  Sugar  of  lead,  Unguentum 
plumbi  superacetatis — o.  Sulphur,  Unguentum 
sulphuris  —  o.  Sulphur,  compound,  Unguentum 
sulphuris  cornpositum — o.  Tar,  Unguentum  picis 
liquidse — o.  Tartar  emetic,  Unguentum  antimonii 
— o.  Tobacco,  Unguentum  Tabaci— o.  Tutty,  Un- 
guentum oxidi  zinci  imparl — o.  Verdigris,  Ungu- 
entum subacetatis  cupri  —  o.  Wax,  Unguentum 
ccrae — o.  White,  Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi  albi — 
o.  Zinc,  Unguentum  zinci — o.  of  impure  oxide  of 
Zinc,  Unguentum  oxidi  zinci  impuri. 

OIOCALYM'MA,  Oiocahjp't.rum ,-  from  oitov, 
u>ov,  'egg,'  and  KaXv-nniv,  'to  cover;'  Membra' iia 
O'vuli  cortica'lia.  The  membrane  of  the  egg- 
shell. 

OKRA,  Hibiscus  esculentus. 

OLD  AGE,   Senectus. 

OLD  MAN,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

OLD  WIFE'S  SHIRT,  Liriodendron. 

OLEA  ANIMA'LIA,  Animal  oils,  (F.)  Hniles 
animules.  A  name  given  to  fixed  oils  holding  in 
solution  the  mucilaginous  and  gelatinous  princi- 
ples of  certain  animals,  as  the  Oil  of  frogs,  Oil 
of  scorpions,  Oil  of  spiders,  &c.  Sometimes, 
also,  the  term  animal  oils  is  given  to  empyreu- 
raatic  oils,  produced  during  the  decomposition  of 
animal  substances  by  heat. 

Olea  Destillata,  0.  Volatilia. 

Olea  Empyreujiat'ica,  Empiyreumat'ic  oils, 
(F. )  Hniles  empyreumatiques  ou  pyrogenees,  Py- 
relaines.  Oils  which  have  an  empyreumatic  or 
burnt  smell.  They  are  obtained  by  treating  vege- 
table or  animal  matters  by  heat,  in  close  vessels. 
They  do  not  exist  in  organized  bodies,  but  are 
formed  during  their  decomposition  by  fire.  The 
animal  oil  of  Dippel  is  an  empyreumatic  oil. 

Olea  Europ.«'a,  0.  sati'va  seu  lancifo'lia  seu 
polymor'pha  seu  Gal'lica,  Oli'va,  Olive  tree, 
sXaia,  Elcs'a,  (P.)  Olivier ;  (Fruit)  Olive.  Nat. 
Orel.  Jasmineas.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogy- 
nia.  The  leaves  of  the  olive  are  bitter,  and  an 
extract  prepared  from  them,  and  a  substance 
called  olivi'na,  the  bitter  principle  of  the  leaves, 
have  been  given  in  Italy  as  antiperiodics.  The 
fruit,  when  pickled,  is  extremely  grateful  to  some 
stomachs.  Olives,  as  met  with  in  the  shops,  are 
prepared  from  the  green,  unripe  fruit,  repeatedly 


steeped  in  water.  To  this,  some  quicklime  or 
alkaline  salt  is  added,  and,  afterwards,  they  are 
washed  and  preserved  in  a  pickle  of  common  salt 
and  water.  From  this  fruit  is  prepared  the  Olive 
oil  or  Salad  oil  of  the  Pharmacopoeias,  which  is 
obtained  by  grinding  and  pressing  the  olives, 
when  thoroughly  ripe.  The  finer  and  purer  oil 
issues  first  by  gentle  pressure,  and  the  inferior 
sort  on  heating  what  is  left,  and  pressing  it  more 
strongly.  See  Oleum  Olivse.  In  Calabria,  an 
odorous  resin  exudes  from  its  trunk,  which  is 
employed  as  a  perfume  by  the  Neapolitans. 

A  gum  flows  from  certain  wild  olives,  in  warm 
countries,  which  consists,  according  to  Pelletier, 
of  a  resin,  a  little  benzoic  acid,  and  a  peculiar 
substance,  called  Olivile.  It  is  in  yellow  masses, 
of  a  slightly  acrid  taste,  and  of  a  vanilla  smell. 
It  is  called  Olea  giimmi,  0.  resi'na,  and  0.  bah'- 
amum,  (F.)  Gomme  olivier,  and  is  esteemed  astrin- 
gent and  detersive. 

Olea  Fixa  self  Pin'guia,  Expressed,  Fixed 
or  Fatty  oils,  (F.)  Huiles  fixes  ou  grasses,  Oleols. 
All  the  oils  obtained  from  the  seeds  or  pericarps 
of  vegetables,  without  distillation,  and  which  are 
viscid,  but  slightly  odorous  and  sapid ;  lighter 
than  water,  and  insoluble  in  alcohol.  The  ran- 
cidity of  oils  depends  on  the  absorption  of  oxy- 
gen, and  therefore  they  should  be  kept  in  bulk 
as  much  as  possible,  and  in  narrow-necked  bot- 
tles, so  that  a  very  small  surface  only  can  be  ex- 
posed to  the  air.  All  the  fixed  oils  are  emollient, 
and,  in  a  certain  dose,  they  act  as  purgatives  and 
emetics.  They  are  prepared  by  expressing  the 
fruit  or  seed  containing  them. 

Olea  Fcga'cia,  Fuga'cious  oils,  (F.)  Huiles 
fvgaces.  A  name  given  to  oils  which  are  so  vo- 
latile that,  in  order  to  obtain  them,  recourse  must 
be  had  to  a  different  process  from  that  employed 
for  other  essential  oils.  Such  are  the  oils  of  jes- 
samine, lily,  violet,  <fcc. 

Olea  Gallica,  0.  Europsea — o.  Lancifolia,  0. 
Europsea. 

Olea  Medicina'lia,  Medic"inal  oils,  (F.) 
Huiles  3Tedieinales,  Eleoles,  Solution  par  lea 
huiles.  A  name  given  to  oils  prepared  by  mace- 
rating, infusing,  or  boiling  medicinal  substances 
in  olive  or  any  other  fixed  oils.  These  oils  may 
then  be  regarded  as  oily  solutions  of  certain 
medicinal  substances;  whence  they  can  never  be 
simple.  They  have,  however,  been  divided  into 
simple  and  compowtd  medicinal  oils.  To  the 
former  belong  the  Oils  of  St.  John's  wort,  of  the 
Solanum  i^igrum,  <&c.;  to  the  other — which  have 
often  been  called  Oily  balsams,  (F.)  Baumes  hui- 
leux — the  Balsams  of  Fioraventi,  Iletz,  &c.  Me- 
dicinal oils  are,  almost  always,  employed  exter- 
nally. 

Olea  Polymorpha,  0.  Europaea — o.  Sativa,  0. 
Europasa. 

Olea  VolATIl'iA,  0.  destilta'ta,  ^thero'lea, 
Vol'atile,  Etlie'real,  Essential,  or  Distil'led  oils, 
Es'senees,  (F.)  Huiles  volatiles  ou  essentielles  ou 
distillees  ou  etherees,  oleolats,  oleules,  oleoles. 
Oils  found  in  aromatic  vegetables,  and  in  every 
part  of  them,  except  in  the  interior  of  the  seeds. 
The  majority  are  obtained  by  distillation;  but 
some  by  expression.  They  possess  unctuosity, 
inflammability,  and  viscidity,  like  the  fixed  oils  ; 
but  they  are  generally  odoriferous,  pungent,  and 
acrid.  The  greater  part  are  lighter  than  water  ; 
but  some  are  heavier,  and  congeal  at  a  moderate 
temperature.  They  dissolve,  in  small  quantity, 
in  distilled  water,  by  simple  agitation.  Almost 
all  are  soluble  in  alcohol.  The  odour  and  taste 
are  the  usual  tests  of  their  goodness.  To  preserve 
them,  they  should  be  kept  in  a  cool  place,  in 
small  bottles,  quite  full  and  well  corked.  Vola- 
tile oils  are  possessed  of  the  aromatic  properties 
of  the  plants  whence  they  are  obtained.     They 


OLEAGINOUS 


G49 


OLEUM   CEDRINUM 


are  all,  when  applied  externally,  stimulant  and 
rubefacient.  Phiarmaceutieal  preparations,  in 
which  substances  are  dissolved  in  volatile  oils, 
(F.)  Soluiio7i8  par  lea  huiles  volatiles,  are  termed 
by  Beral,  Ifj/roles. 

OLEAG"I]SrOUS,  Oleagino'sus,  Oleo'sus,  (F.) 
Oleagiiieux  ;  from  o^ei^m,  '  oil.'  Oily :  containing 
oil, — as  '  an  oleaginous  or  oili/  mixture.' 

OLEA'MEN,  Oleamen'tum.  Same  etymon. 
Any  soft  ointment  prepared  of  oil. — Scribonius. 

OLEANDER,  Rhododendron  chrysanthemum. 

OLECRANARTHR  I'TIS,  from  olecranon, 
apdpoy,  'joint,'  and  ids,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  elbow  joint. 

OLECRANARTHROC'ACE,  from  w>^BKpavov, 
'the  olecranon,'  ap&pov,  'articulation,'  and  Kaxia, 
'vice  or  disease.'  Inflammation  of  the  articular 
surfaces  of  the  elbow. — Rust. 

OLECRAN'IAL,  (F.)  Olecranien.  Relating 
or  belonging  to  the  olecranon. 

OLECRANOID  CAVITY,  see  Ulna. 

OLECRANON,  Oiecra'non,  Olec'ranum,  Olec'- 
ranon  moh'ile;  from  wXcvn,  'the  elbow,'  and  Kpa- 
vov,  'the  head.'  Acrole'iiion,  Additamen'tum  ne- 
ca'tum,  Anctin,  Proces'sus  ancone' us  seu  uncina'tus, 
Glaus  seu  C'oro'na  seu  Coro'na  posterior  seu  Ad- 
ditamen'tum unca'tum  Ulna,  Vertex  Cu'hiti,  Pa- 
tel'la  fixa.  Rostrum  exter'num  sen  poste'rius,  Top 
of  the  cubit.  Head  or  protection  of  the  elbow. 
A  large  process  at  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
ulna,  on  which  we  lean.  When  this  process  is 
fractured,  it  is  apt  to  be  drawn  up  by  the  triceps, 
and  much  care  is  required  to  keep  the  parts  in 
apposition. 

OLEFIANT  GAS,  CHLORIDE  OF,  see  Anaes- 
thetic. 

OLEIN,  see  Fat  —  o.  Codliver,  see  Oleum  je- 
coris  aselli. 

OLENE,  Ulna. 

OLEO-CERATUM,  Cerate— o.  c.  Aqua  subac- 
tum,  Ceratum  Galeni. 

OLEO-CEROLE,  Cerate. 

OLEO-CEROLE  RESINEUX,  Unguentum. 

OLEOLATS,  Olea  volatilia. 

OLEOLES,  Olea  volatilia. 

OLEOLS,  Olea  fixa. 

OLEOSA  CCHAR  OLE,  Elseosaccharum. 

OLEOSACCHARUM,  Eteosaccharum. 

OLEOSUS,  Oleaginous. 

OLERA,  see  Lachanon. 

OLETTE,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF.  At 
Olette,  in  the  department  Pyrenees  Orientales,  is 
a  thermal  spring,  which  raises  the  thermometer 
to  190°  Fahr.     It  is  the  hottest  in  France. 

OLEULES,  Olea  volatilia. 

OLEUM,  Oil  — o.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  picea — o. 
Absinthii,  Artemisia  absinthium,  (oil  of)  —  o. 
Acusticum,  Huile  acouslique. 

Oleum  JSthe'reum,  Spir'ilus  ce'theris  oleo'sus, 
^the'real  oil  (formed  in  the  distillation  of  ether). 
Oleum  villi,  Oil  of  wine.  Heavy  oil  of  wine,  Sweet 
oil  of  vit'riol,  (F.)  Iluile  douce  de  vin.  A  pecu- 
liar oleaginous  matter,  obtained  by  continuing 
the  distillation,  after  the  whole  of  the  sulphuric 
ether  has  passed  over  in  the  process  for  the  pre- 
paration of  the  latter.  It  is  used  only  as  an  in- 
gredient in  the  compound  spirit  of  ether.  It  is 
officinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S. 

Olkdm  Ammoniatum,  Linimentum  ammonias 
fortius. 

Oleum  Amyg'dal^  Aha'rje,  Oil  of  Bitter 
Almonds.  An  oil,  obtained  by  distilling  with 
water  the  kernels  or  the  fruit  of  Amygdalus  com- 
munis— variety,  Amara.     Its  action  is  like  that 


of  hydrocyanic  acid — four  drops  having  destroyed 
a  dog.  Dose,  a  quarter  of  a  drop  to  a  drop.  A 
drop  to  a  fluidounce  of  water  forms  a  wash, 
which  has  been  used  in  Prurigo  senilis,  and  other 
forms  of  itching. 

OLEuar  Amygdala'rum,  Oleum  amyg'dalcB,  Oil 
of  Almonds,  (F.)  Huile  d'umandee.  {Expressed 
p-om-  both  sioeet  and  litter  almonds, — Ami/gdalua 
communis.)  ^xvj  of  almonds  yield  5  V  of  oil.  It 
is  inodorous,  insipid,  and  of  a  pale  straw  colour, 
and  is  employed  as  a  demulcent  and  emollient. 

Oleum  Anacardii,  see  Anacardium  occiden- 
tale. 

Oleum  Anima'le,  An'imal  oil,  (F.)  Huile  ani- 
male.  An  oil  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of 
the  immediate  principles  of  animals,  subjected  to 
the  action  of  heat.  It  is  fetid,  and  always  con- 
tains a  certain  quantity  of  subcarbonate  of  am- 
monia. See  Olea  Empyreumatica.  The  name 
animal  oil  is  sometimes  also  given  to  the  fat  con- 
tained in  the  fatty  vesicles.  The  composition  of 
this  fat  does  not,  indeed,  differ  from  that  of  the 
fixed  oil. 

Oleum  Anima'le  Dippe'lit,  0.  comu  cervi,  0. 
0.  C.  recti fica' turn,  0.  pyro-anima'le  depura'tum 
seu  anima'le  cethe'reum,  Pyro'leum  os'sium  recti- 
fica'tum.  Animal  oil,  Animal  oil  of  Dippiel,  (F.) 
Huile  animale  de  Dipi^el  ou  de  come  de  cerf,  ia 
obtained  by  distilling  animal  matters,  especially 
hartshorn,  on  the  naked  fire.  The  subcarbonate 
of  ammonia,  which  it  contains,  renders  it  partly 
soluble  in  water,  and  communicates  to  it  th© 
stimulant  properties  for  which  it  is  used  in  medi- 
cine.    It  is  employed  as  an  antispasmodic. 

Oleum  Anima'le  Empyreumat'icum  Chaber'- 
Tl,  0.  Empyreumat'icum  seu  anthelmin'ticum  seu 
contra  tce'uiam  Chaber'ti,  Empyreumat'ic  oil  of 
Chabert,  Oil  of  Chabert,  (F.)  Huile  anthelmin- 
tique  de  Chabert,  is  made  by  adding  one  part  of 
animal  oil  to  three  parts  of  oil  (f  turpentine, 
leaving  them  to  combine  for  four  daj's,  and  then 
distilling  three  parts.  An  efi'eetive  anthelmintic. 
Dose,  a  teaspoonful  three  times  a  day. 

Oleum  Animaliza'tum  per  Infusio'nem,  (F.) 
Huile  animal'isee  piar  infusion,  H.  aromatique 
ou  de  pet  its  chiens.  A  preparation,  formerly 
esteemed  tonic  and  cephalic.  It  was  obtained 
by  boiling  new-born  puppies  in  oil,  first  depriv- 
ing them  of  their  blood,  skin,  and  intestines. 
When  the  decoction  was  cold,  origanum,  thyme, 
pennyroyal,  St.  John's  wort,  and  marjoram  wers 
added. 

Oleum  Anist,  see  Pimpinella  anisum  —  0.  An- 
thelminticum  Chaberti,  Oleum  animale  empyreu- 
maticum  Chaberti — o.  Anthemidis,  see  Anthemis 
nobilis  —  o.  Aurantii,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  o. 
Balaninum,  Guilandina  moringa  (oleum)  —  a. 
Balsami,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum. 

Oleum  Benzo'ini,  Oil  of  Benzoin  or  Benjamin. 
An  oil  obtained  by  heating,  in  a  sand-bath,  the 
matter  which  remains  after  benzoic  acid  has  been 
separated  from  benzoin  by  the  aid  of  heat.  It 
has  been  regarded  as  balsamic  and  sudorific. 

Oleum  Bergamii,  see  Bergamot. 

Olkum  Bu'bulum,  Neat's-fiot  oil,  (F.)  Hi-ile 
de  pieds  de  btenf.  It  is  obtained  by  boiling  in 
water  for  a  long  time  the  feet  of  the  beef — Bos 
domes' ticus — previously  deprived  of  the  hoof.  It 
is  introduced  into  the  oflicinal  list  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  as  an  ingredient  of  the  ointment  of  nitrate  of 
mercury. 

Oleum  Cacao  Spissatum,  Butter  of  Cacao  — 
0.  Cadinum,  see  Juniperus  oxycedrus  —  0.  Caju- 
puti,  Caieput  (oil)  —  0.  Camphoratum,  Linimen- 
tum eamphorpe — 0.  Cari  seu  Carui,  Carum  (oleum) 
— o.  Caryophylli,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

Oleum  Ced'rinum,  Essentia  de  cedro,  (F.) 
Huile  de  eedrat.     The  oil  of  the  peel  of  citrons. 


OLEUM   CHABERTI 


650 


OLFACTIF 


obtained  in  Italy  in  a  particular  manner,  without 

distillation. 

Olel'm  Chaberti,  0.  animale  empyreumaticum 
Chaberti — o.  Chenopodii,  see^  Chenopodium  an- 
thelmintic um — 0.  Cicinum,  see  Ricinus  commu- 
nis—  o.  Cinnamomi,  see  Lauras  einnamomum  — 
o.  Contra  Tasniam  Chaberti,  Oleum  animale  em- 
pyreumaticum Chaberti. 

Oleum  Copa'iBjE,  Oil  of  Copa'iba.  (Copaib. 
!bij  ;  AqucB,  cong.  iv.  Distil  three  gallons  ;  sepa- 
rate the  oil ;  return  the  water  to  the  copaiba,  and 
again  distil  three  gallons.  Separate  the  oil,  and 
add  it  to  the  other.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gtt.  x  to 
XXX. 

Oleuit  Cornu  Cervi,  0.  animale  Dippelii^o. 
Cubebae,  see  Piper  cubebse — o.  Euphorbiae  lathy- 
ridis,  see  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  o.  Fixum  nucum 
cocos  butyraceffi,  see  Cocos  butyraeea — o.  Foeni- 
culi,  see  Anethum — o.  Gabianum,  Petroleum — o. 
Gallinfe,  Alkale  —  o.  GaultheriEe,  see  Gaultheria 
— 0,  Hedeomae,  see  Hedeoma  pulegioides — o.  Hy- 
perici,  see  Hypericum  perforatum  —  o.  Infernale, 
Jatropha  curcas  (oil). 

Oleum  Gkam'ixis  Is'dici,  Grass-oil  of  Ifemaur, 
Gingergrass  oil,  called,  by  the  perfumers,  oil  of 
g era' Ilium,  and  oil  of  rose  geranium,  and  occa- 
sionally sold  as  oil  of  spikenard,  is  obtained  from 
Andropogon  calamus  aromatieus  of  India.  It  is 
used  as  a  perfume,  and  like  the  essential  oils  in 
general. 

Oleum  Jec'oris  Asel'li,  0.  Mor'rhtim  seu 
Jec'oris  MorrhucB  seu  Jecin'oris  Aselli,  Axun'gia 
Ga'di,  A.  Pisci'na  mari'nn,  Codliver  oil,  Cod  oil, 
(F.)  Haile  de  morue  ou  de  Foie  de  morue.  The 
animal  oil,  which  appears  under  this  name  in 
commerce,  is  obtained  from  several  of  the  species 
belonging  to  the  genus  Gadus.  The  Cod,  Gadus 
mor'rhua  ;  the  Dorse  or  Dorseh,  Gadus  Calla'rias, 
Morrhua  America' na;  the  Coalfish,  Gadus  car- 
bona'riiis ;  the  Burbot,  Gadus  lota,  Lota  vulga'ris ; 
the  Pollock,  Gadus  polla'chius ;  the  Ling,  Lota 
molva;  the  Torsk,  Bros'mius  vulga'ris.  There  is 
reason  also  to  believe,  that  on  the  American 
coast  it  is  obtained,  also,  from  the  Hake,  Gadus 
merlue'eius,  and  the  Haddock,  Gadus  ceglifi'nus. 
The  clearest  sorts  are  generally  used.  An  excel- 
lent eutrophic,  in  tuberculous  and  strumous  alfec- 
tions,  rheumatism,  chronic  cutaneous  diseases, 
and  tumours  of  the  mammas,  &c.  The  dose  for 
an  adult  is  from  f  gij  to  f  ^iss. 

Cod  liver  olein,  prepared  by  subjecting  codliver 
oil  to  a  low  temperature  and  separating  the  olein 
by  pressure,  has  been  used  in  the  same  cases  as 
the  oil. 

Skate  liver  oil,  O'lenm  ra'icB,  obtained  from 
Ra'ia  batis  and  B.  clava'ta,  is  used  in  the  same 
cases  and  doses. 

Oleum  Jecoris  Morrhua,  Oleum  jecoris 
aselli — 0.  Juniperi,  see  Juniperis  communis  —  o. 
Juniperi  empyreumaticum,  see  Juniperus  oxyce- 
drus  —  0.  de  Kerva,  see  Piicinus  communis  —  o. 
Kcrvinum,  see  Ricinus  communis. 

Oleum  Lauri'num,  0.  lauri.  Oil  of  bays. 
An  oil  obtained  from  bayberries,  and  sometimes 
Used  in  sprains  and  bruises,  unattended  with  in- 
flammation. 

Oleum  Laurisum,  Daphnelaeon,  Unguentum 
L.  —  0.  Lavandulae,  see  Lavandula — o.  Lentisci- 
num,  Sehinelaeon — o.  Limonis,  see  Citrus  medica 
— 0.  Lini,  see  Linum  usitatissimum — o.  Lini  cum 
calce,  Linimentum  aquse  ealcis. 

Oleum  Lu'cii  Piscis,  Oil  of  Pike.  From  the 
liver  of' the  Esox  Indus  an  oil  is  spontaneously 
separated,  which  is  used  in  some  countries  to  de- 
stroy specks  on  the  cornea. 

Oleum  JIacidis,  see  Myristiea. 

Oleum  Malabathri,  see  Malabathrum  —  o. 
Marise,  see  Fagara  octandra  —  o.  Mastichinum, 
see  Pistacia  lentiscus — o.  Melaleucse  leucodendri. 


Caieput  (oil)  —  o.  Menthce  piperitae,  see  Mentha 
piperita  —  o.  Menthae  viridis,  Mentha  viridis  —  o. 
Monardse,  Monarda  punctata  —  o.  Morrhuae,  0. 
jecoris  aselli. 

Oleum  e  Mucilagis'ibus,  Oil  of  Mu'cilages. 
[Rud.  althcBCB  rec.  tbss;  sem.  lini,  sem.  fceimgrcBci, 
aa  .^iij  :  aqua,  Oij.  Boil  for  half  an  hour;  add 
ol.  oliv.  Oiv ;  continue  the  boiling  till  the  water 
is  nearly  consumed,  and  pour  off  the  oil.)  Emol- 
lient. 

Oleum  Myeistic^,  see  Myristiea  moscbata — 
0.  Myristiea  expressum,  see  Myristiea — o.  Neroli, 
see  Citrus  aurantium — o.  Nueista;,  see  Myristiea 
— 0.  Nueista  aethereum,  see  Mj-ristica. 

Oleum  Oli't.e,  0.  oliva'rum,  Olive  or  Salad 
oil.  An  inodorous,  insipid,  and  transparent  oil; 
obtained  by  expression  from  the  olive,  when  ripe. 
It  is  demulcent  and  emollient,  —  possessing  the 
qualities  of  the  fixed  oils  in  general. 

An  inferior  kind,  obtained  by  boiling  olives  in 
water,  and  skimming  the  oil  from  the  surface,  is 
also  used  in  Pharmacy.     See  Olea  Europaea. 

Oleum  Omphacinum,  Omotribes  —  o.  Origani, 
see  Origanum  —  o.  Oxydi  cupri  viride.  Balsam, 
green,  of  Metz — o.  de  Palma  Christi,  see  Ricinus 
communis  —  o.  Palmas,  see  Cocos  butyraeea  —  o. 
Palmae  liquidum,  see  Ricinus  communis- — o.  Pe- 
trje,  Petroleum  —  o.  Petrse  album,  Naphtha  —  o. 
Picinum,  Brutia,  Pisselseum  —  o.  Pimentee,  see 
Myrtus  pimenta  —  o.  Pini  purissimum,  0.  tere- 
binthinee  rectificatum  —  o.  Pulegii,  see  Mentha 
pulegium  —  o.  Pyro-animale,  0.  animale  Dippelii 
— 0.  Raise,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  —  o.  Ricini, 
see  Pkicinus  communis  —  o.  Rosae,  see  Rosa  cen- 
tifolia  —  0.  Rosarum,  Rhodelseon  —  o.  Rosmarini, 
see  Rosmarinus — o.  Rutae,  Peganelaeon — o.  Rutse, 
see  Ruta — o.  Sabinse,  see  Juniperus  Sabina  —  o. 
Sassafras,  see  Laurus  sassafras  —  o.  Sesami,  see 
Sesamum  orientale  —  o.  Sinapis,  see  Sinapis  —  o. 
Spicje,  see  Lavandula  spica — o.  Spices  vulgaris, 
0.  terebinthinae  —  o.  Succini,  see  Succinum  —  o. 
Succini  rectificatum,  see  Succinum. 

Oleum  Sulphura'tum,  Bal'samum  sulph'nris 
simj)lex,  Sulph' urated  oil.  (Sulplnir.  lot.  ^ij  ; 
olivcB  olei,  ft)j.  Heat  the  oil  in  a  large  iron  pot, 
and  throw  in  the  sulphur  by  degrees  ;  stirring 
the  mixture  after  each  addition  till  they  unite.) 
It  is  stimulating,  and  was  formerly  much  used  in 
coughs,  asthma,  &e.,  and,  externally,  to  foul 
ulcers. 

Oleum  Tab'aci,  Oil  of  Tobacco.  An  empy- 
reumatic  oil,  obtained  from  coarsely-powdered 
tobacco  by  heating  the  retort  to  dull  redness. — 
Ph.  U.  S. 

Oleum  Tartari  per  Deliquium,  Liquor  po- 
tassffi  subcarbonatis  —  o,  Templinum,  see  Pinus 
mughos. 

Oleum  Terebin'thinje,  Oil  of  Turpentine. 
The  volatile  oil  of  the  juice  of  pinus  palustris, 
and  other  species  of  pinus. 

Oleum  Terebix'thin^  Rectifica'ttjm,  0.  pini 
puris'simum  0.  T.  purifica' turn  seu  terebin'thincs 
(Bthe' reum,  Rectified  oil  of  turpentine,  Sp.  of  tur- 
pentine. Common  oil  of  turpentine  is  also  called 
Common  oil  of  Spike,  Oleum  spica  vulga're. 
{Olei  terebinth.  Oj  ;  aqua,  Oiv.  Distil  over  the 
oil.)  It  is  stimulant,  diuretic,  anthelmintic,  and 
rubefacient.     Dose,  gtt.  s  to  f^j. 

Guestonian  Embrocation  for  rheumatism  con- 
sists of  ol.  terebinth.,  ol.  oliv.  aa  f^iss;  acid 
sulph.  dil.  f^iij. 

Oleum  Theobrom.e  Cacao  Expressum,  Butter 
of  cacao — o.  Tiglii,  see  Croton  tiglium. 

Oleum  Valeria'n^,  Oil  of  Vale'rlan.  The 
distilled  oil  of  the  root  of  Valeriana  officinalis. — 
Ph.  U.  S.     Dose,  four  or  five  drops. 

Oleum  Vixi,  0.  setbereum  —  o.  Yitrioli,  Sul- 
phuric acid — 0.  Yitrioli  dulce,  jEther  sulphuricus. 

OLFACTIF,  Olfactory. 


OLFACTION 


651 


OMASUM 


OLFACTION,  Olfac'tus,  from  olfacere,  olfac- 
tum,  [olere,  'to  smell,'  axiA facere,  'to  make,')  'to 
smell ;'  Osphre'sis,  Osphra'siri,  Osphre'sia,  Osme'- 
sis,  Odora'tio,  Odura'tiis,  Sensiis  osmomet'rtciis, 
Sense  of  smell,  Smellincj,  (F.)  Odorat.  The  sense 
by  which  we  perceive  the  impressions  made  on 
the  olfactory  nerves  by  the  odorous  particles  sus- 
pended in  the  atmosphere.  The  olfactory  nerve 
or  first  pair  has  usually  been  considered  the  great 
nerve  of  smell ;  and  it  is  probably  the  nerve  of 
special  sensibility,  general  sensibility  being  com- 
municated by  the  branches  of  the  fifth  pair,  dis- 
tributed on  the  pituitary  membrane  of  the  nose 
and  sinuses. 

OLFACTIVE,  Olfactory. 

OLFAC'TOEY,  Olfacti've,  Olfacti'vus,  Olfacto'- 
ritis,  Osphran'ticus,  Osphvante'rins,  Osphre'ticus, 
(F.)  Olfaciif.  Same  etymon.  That  which  be- 
longs or  relates  to  the  sense  of  smell. 

Olfactort  Bulb,  see  Olfactory  nerves. 

Olfac'tory  Foram'ina,  (F.)  Troiis  (jlfact-ifs, 
are  the  holes  in  the  cribriform  plate  of  the  eth- 
moid bone,  through  which  the  olfactory  nerve 
passes. 

Olfactory  Lobe,  see  Olfactory  nerves. 

Olfac'tory  Nerves,  Ethmoid'al  nerves,  Par 
prinuim  Nervo'rum  cer'ehri,  Nervi  odorato'rii, 
Proces'sus  mamUla'res  seu  papUla'rum  seu 
mamillares  cer'ehri  ad  nares  seu  papilla'res,  Ca- 
run'exdcB  mamilla'res, — the  Jirst  pair  of  eneepTial'ie 
nerves.  This  nerve,  which  probably  arises  from 
the  medulla  oblongata,  is  observed  to  leave  the 
brain,  opposite  the  inner  part  of  the  fissure  of 
Sylvius,  by  three  roots ;  which,  by  their  union, 
form  a  triangular  knot  or  expansion.  When  it 
reaches  the  ethmoid  fossa  it  expands  and  forms 
a  triangular  ganglion,  or  grayish,  soft  bulb, — 
Bulbus  olfacto'rius,  Olfactory  bulb,  tubercle,  or 
lobe,  —  which  furnishes,  from  its  inferior  surface, 
the  branckes  that  have  to  be  distributed  to  the 
nasal  fossae.  These  filaments  are  very  numerous  ; 
they  pass  through  the  foramina  in  the  cribriform 
plate  and  enter  the  nasal  fossse.  They  are  dis- 
tinguished into  the  internal,  external,  and  middle. 
The  former  are  distributed  over  the  mucous  mem- 
brane, covering  the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal 
fossae  ;  the  second  descend  upon  the  septum,  and 
the  third  are  lost,  almost  immediately,  on  the 
portion  of  the  pituitary  membrane  that  lines  the 
vault  of  the  fossae. 

Olfactory  Tubercle,  see  Olfactory  nerves. 

OLFACTUS,  Olfaction  — o.  Acutus,  Hyperos- 
phresia  —  o.  Amissio,  Anosmia  —  o.  Deflciens, 
Anosmia  —  o.  Depravatus,  Parosmia. 

OLIBANUM,  see  Juniperus  lycia  —  o.  Sylves- 
tre,  see  Piiius  abies — o.  Vulgare,  see  Pinus  abies. 

0LIGj3EMIA,  Anamia,  Haemaporia,  Hj'pEemia. 

OLIGIDRIA,  Ischidrosis. 

OLIGO,  from  oAiyof,  'few,  little:'  in  composi- 
tion has  these  significations. 

OLIGOBLEN'NIA,  from  oligo,  and  fiXtwa, 
'mucus.'     A  deficiency  of  mucus. 

OLIGOCHOL'IA,  from  oligo,  and  x''A'7,  'bile.' 
Paucity  of  bile. 

OLIGOCH'YLUS,  from  oligo,  and  x"^"?, 
'juice,'  '  chyle.'  An  epithet  for  food  which  is  but 
little  nutritive  ;  which  furnishes  little  chyle. 

OLIGOCOP'RIA,  from  oAtyof,  'few,'  and 
Koirpog,  '  excrement.'  Scantiness  of  alvine  evacu- 
ations. 

OLIGOCYTH^'MIA,  from  oligo,  kvto;,  'a 
cell,'  and  'aifia,  '  blood.'  A  condition  of  the  blood 
in  which  there  is  paucity  of  red  corpuscles. 

OLIGODAC'RYA,  from  oligo,  and  iuKfv,  'a 
tear.'     Paucity  of  lachrymal  secretion. 

OLIGOGALACTIA,  Agalactia. 

OLIGOGALIA,  Agalaxis. 

OLIGOHjEMIA,  Ansemia,  Haemaporia,  Hy- 
psemia.. 


OLIGOPO'SIA,  from  oligo,  and  iroais,  'drink.' 
Diminution  in  the  quantity  of  drinks. 
OLIGOPSYCHIA.  Imbecility. 
OLIGOSIA'LIA,  from  oligo,  and  aiaXov,  'sali- 
va.'    Paucity  of  saliva. 

OLIGOSPER'MIA,  from  oligo,  and  avtfua, 
'sperm.'     Paucity  of  spermatic  secretion. 

OLIGOSPOND'YLUS,  from  oligo,  'small,'  and 
GTToviv'Xoi,  'a  vertebra.'  A  monster  with  defective 
vertebrae. — Gurlt. 

OLIGOTRICH'IA,  from  oligo,  and  Spi^,  'hair.' 
Want  of  hair.     Paucit3'  of  hair. 

OLIGOTROPHIA,  Par'cior  nvtrit"io,  from 
oligo,  and  rpt^w,  'I  nourish.'  Deficient  nourish- 
ment. 

OLIGURE'SIA,  Oligure'sis,  Oligonre'sis,  Oli- 
goure'sia,  from  oligo,  and  ovpsu),  'I  pass  urine.' 
Morbidly  diminished  urinary  secretion. 

OLISTHEMA,  Luxation. 

OLIVA,  Olea  Europaea. 

OLIVjE,  Corpora  olivaria. 

OLIVAIUE,  Olive-shaped. 

Cautere  Olivaire,  of  the  French  surgeons,  is  a 
cautery  whose,  extremity  is  terminated  by  a  but- 
ton having  the  shape  of  an  olive. 

OLIVARIS,  Olive-shaped. 

OLIVARY,  Olive-shaped — o.  Bodies,  Corpora 
olivaria. 

Ol'ivary  Peoc"ess,  Proces'sus  Oliva'ris,  is  a 
small  ridge,  running  transversely  between,  and  a 
little  behind,  the  roots  of  the  anterior  clinoid  pro- 
cesses of  the  sphenoid  bone,  and  by  some  consi- 
dered as  the  fourth  clinoid  process. 

OLIVE,  see  Olea  Europaea  —  o.  Tree,  Olea 
Europaea. 

OLIVE-SHAPED,  Oliva'ris,  OUvifor'mis,  Ol'- 
ivary, (F.)  Olivaire.  Resembling  an  olive.  See 
Corpora  olivaria. 

OLIVES,  PICKLED,  Colymbades. 

OLIVIER,  Olea  Europaea — o.  de  Boheme,  Le- 
dum palustre. 

OLIVIFORMIS,  Olive-shaped. 

OLIVINA,  see  Olea  Europaja. 

OLLA  CAPITIS,  Cranium. 

OLMITELLO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
thermal  spring  in  the  isle  of  Ischia.  Tempera- 
ture, 100<^  Fahrenheit. 

OLOPHLYCTIDE,  Herpes. 

OLOPHO'NIA,  from  oAAw,  oWvu),  'Hose,'  and 
<l>ix)vri,  'voice.'  Congenital  misconstruction  of  the 
vocal  organs. — Good. 

Olofhonia  Labii  Lobata,  Harelip  —  o.  Lin- 
guae frsenata,  see  Ankyloglossum. 

OLSNITIUM,  Peucedanum  palustre. 

OLUS,  Lachanon. 

OLYMPIAN  SPRINGS,  see  Kentucky,  mine- 
ral waters  of. 

OMA,  u/za,  in  the  termination  of  many  words, 
is  perhaps  derived  from  (of/of,  'crude,  wild,  imper- 
fect,' as  in  sarcoma,  atheroma,  &c. 

OMACEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Omaciphale,  fro^ 

'.OS,  'the  shoulder,'  and  aKi4>akos,  'devoid  of 
head.'  A  genus  of  paracephalous  monsters,  with- 
out any  neck — a  slight  depression  indicating  the 
limits  of  the  head  and  body. — I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

OM'AGRA,  Hom'agra,  from  w/io?,  'the  shoul- 
der,' and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'    Gout  in  the  shoulder. 

OMAL'GIA,  from  wixog,  'the  shoulder,'  and 
aXyos,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  shouldar. 

OMARTHRI'TIS,  from  a.;.of,  'the  shoulder,' 
aptipov,  'a  joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  shoulder-joint. 

OMARTHROC'ACE,  from  u>^os,  'shoulder,' 
ape^ov,  'a  joint,' and  /ca/coj,  'bad.'  Arthroeace  of 
the  shoulder-joint.  Caries  or  suppuration  of  the 
shoulder-joint. 

OMA'SUM,  Omasns,  llanyplies,  (Sc.)  Jfon{~ 
plies,    Monnyplies,    (P.)     Feuillet,    Millefeuillet, 


(i)/i 


OMBILIC 


65  2 


ONCOTOMT 


Li'vret,  Psauiier.     The  third  stomach  of  ruminant 
animals. 

OMBILIC,  Umbilicus. 

OMBILICAL,  Umbilical. 

OMBRAGE,  Nebula. 

OMEN^TA,  Meninges. 

OMENTESIS,  Epiploitis. 

OMENTITIS,  Epiploitis. 

OMENTULA,  Appendiculas  pinguedinosa3. 

OMENTUM,  Epiploon— 0.  Colicum,  Epiploon, 
colic  —  0.  Grastro-colicum,  Epiploon,  gastro-colic 
— 0.  Gastro-splenic,  Epiploon,  gastro-splenic — o. 
Great,  Epiploon,  gastro-colic  —  o.  Hepato-gastri- 
cum.  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic  —  o.  Lesser,  Epi- 
ploon, gastro-hepatic — o.  Majus,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
colic—  o.  Minus,  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic  —  o. 
Ossium,  Periosteum — o.  Sac  of  the,  see  Epiploon, 
gastro-hepatic — o.  Third,  Epiploon,  colic. 

OMICHESIS,  Micturition. 

OMICHMA,  Urine. 

OMI'TIS,  from  w/iof,  'the  shoulder,' and  ids, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  in  or  about 
the  shoulder-joint. 

OMMA,  Eye,  Vision. 

OMNIPHAGUS,  Omnivorous. 

OMNI  rORE,  Omnivorous. 

OMNIVOROUS,  Omniv'ortis,  Omniph'agm, 
Paiitoph'agus,  (F.)  Omnii-ore,  from  oninis,  'all,' 
and  voro,  '1  eat.'  An  epithet  for  animals — Pan- 
toph' agists — which  eat  every  kind  of  food,  animal 
or  vegetable. 

OMO.  In  the  composition  of  anatomical 
terms,  an  abridgment  of  omo9  or  omus,  the  hu- 
merus. 

OMO-CLAVICULAR,  see  Coraco-clavicular. 

OMOCOTYLE,  see  Glene. 

OMO-HYOIDEUS,  Cor'aeo-hyoideus,  Hijrndis 
Qnartiis  JIus'culus,  (F.)  Scapnlo-hyoicUen,  Omo- 
liyn'idieii,  0 moplat-hyoidien.  This  muscle  is  situate 
obliquely  at  the  sides  and  front  of  the  neck.  It 
is  slender,  long,  and  flat.  It  arises  from  the  su- 
perior eosta  of  the  scapula,  near  the  semi-lunar 
notch,  and  from  the  ligament  that  runs  across  it, 
and  is  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  inferior  margin 
of  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides.  It  consists  of  two 
fasciculi,  united  by  a  common  tendon,  and  is  a  true 
digastric  muscle.  It  depresses  the  os  hyoides, 
carrying  it  a  little  backwards,  and  to  one  side, 
except  when  it  acts  with  its  fellow,  when  the  bone 
is  depressed,  and  drawn  obliquely  backwards. 

OMOPHAG-"IA,  Omosit'ia,  from  w//o?,  'raw,' 
and  (payu),  'I  eat.'  Fondness  for  raw  food.  Eat- 
ing of  raw  food. 

OMOPLATE,  Scapula  — o.  Col  de  I',  Collum 
scapulae. 

OJIOPLA  T-HYOIDIEN,  Omo-hyoideus. 

OMOS,  Crude,  Humerus. 

OMOSITIA,  Omophagia. 

OMOTAR'ICHOS,  from  u/iof,  'the  shoulder,' 
and  Ta(ii-)(og,  'pickled.'  Sahamen'tnm  crudiim ; 
Salted  Tunny  Fixh,  in  particular.  Properly,  the 
neck  or  shoulder-piece  of  a  salted  animal.  Once 
much  recommended  against  the  bites  of  vipers, 
and  in  hydrophobia. 

OMOTES,  Crudity. 

OMOTOCIA,  Abortion. 

OMOT'RIBES,  Onjphac"innm  O'leum,  from 
■ofios,  'crude,'  and  roi/3a),  'I  bruise.'  Oil  expressed 
from  unripe  olives. 

OMPHA'CION,  ofiipaKiov,  from  ojKiaKo;,  'an 
unripe  grape  :' — Succus  uvcb  acer'bae.  Ompha'cium. 
The  iuice  of  unripe  grapes.     Also,  Verjuice. 

OMPHACI'TES  (VINUM).  A  name  given 
to  wine  prepared  from  the  unripe  grape.  Om- 
phaci'tis  is  the  name  of  a  small  gall.  —  Dios- 
corides. 

OMPHACIUM.  Verjuice. 
OMPHACOM'ELI,  from   oni*)aKo;,  'an  unripe 


grape,'  and  jiiki,  'honey.'  A  sort  of  oxymel,  made 
of  the  iuice  of  unripe  grapes  and  honey. 

OMPHALELCO'SIS,  from  ofj_<paXos,  'the  navel,' 
and  'eXuo;,  'an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  navel. 
OMPHALEXOCHE.  Esomphalus. 
OMPHALOCARPUS,  Galium  aparine. 
OMPHALOCELE.  Exomphalos. 
OM'PHALO-CRA'NIODID'YMUS,   from   o,.- 
<pa\os,   'the  navel,'    icpavtoi-,   'the    cranium,'  and 
SiSvuo;,  'a  twin.'    A  double  monster,  in  which  the 
umbilical  cord  or  the  rudiment  of  one  foetus  is 
rooted  in  the  cranium  of  another. 

OMPHALOMANTI'A,  Om'phalomancy,  from 
ojiipaXos,  'the  navel,'  and  fiavTua,  'prophecy.'  A 
species  of  divination,  practised  by  credulous  ma- 
trons, who  pretend  to  be  able  to  know  the  num- 
ber of  children  a  female  will  have,  by  the  number 
of  knots  in  the  navel-string  of  the  child. 

OM'PHALO-MESENTER'IC,Omj9^oZo-)nesen- 
ter'icus,  Om'phalo-mcsara'icus /  from.  o/KpaXos,  'the 
navel,'  and  mesenterium,  'the  mesentery.' 

OsiPHALO-MESfsxTERic  VESSELS,  TiteU lo-me- 
aenter'ic,  Vit'eUine  vessels.  Haller  gave  this  name 
to  two  very  fine  vessels,  which  spread  their  rami- 
fications on  the  parietes  of  the  umbilical  vesicle. 
There  is  an  omjohalo-mesenterie  artery  and  vein. 
The  ompTialo-mesenteric  artery  is  a  branch  of  the 
superior  mesenteric; — the  vein  empties  itself  into 
the  trunk,  or  into  one  of  the  branches  of  the  su- 
perior mesenteric.  Velpeau  afiirms,  that  they 
inosculate  with  a  branch  of  the  second  or  third 
order  of  those  great  vessels,  with  those  in  parti- 
cular that  are  distributed  to  the  crecum,  and  he 
regards  them  to  be  the  vessels  of  nutrition  of  the 
umbilical  vesicle.  They  are  occasionally  met 
with  in  the  foetus,  at  the  full  period,  under  the 
form  of  whitish  filaments,  which  extend  from  the 
mesenteric  vessels  to  the  umbilicus. 

0  M  P  H  A  L  0  -  MESERAIC,  Omphalo-mesen- 
teric. 

OMPHALONCUS,  Omphalophvma. 

0  MPHAL  ON  EURORRHEXIS,  Ompha- 
lorrhexis. 

OMPHALOPHLEBI'TIS,  from  o^^aXof,  'the 
umbilicus,'  and  phlebitis,  'inflammation  of  a  vein.' 
Inflammation  of  the  umbilical  vein. 

OMPHALOPHY'MA,  Omphalon'eus,  from  ofi- 
(pa\og,  'the  navel,'  and  (pv/ia,  'tumour.'  A  tume- 
faction of  the  navel. 

OMPHALOPROPTOSIS,  Exomphalus. 

OMPHALORRHAG  "  lA,  Omphalor '  rhage, 
from  ojjitpaXog,  'the  umbilicus,'  and  pnywixi,  'I 
break  out.'  Hemorrhage  from  the  umbilicus,  in 
the  new-born  in  particular. 

OMPHALORRHEX'IS,  from  oti(l>a\o;,  'navel,' 
and  pis'^i  'rupture.'  Omphaloneurorrhex,' is.  Rup- 
ture of  the  navel  string. 

OMPHALOS,  Umbilicus. 

OMPH'ALOSITE,  from  onipaXo;,  'the  navel,' 
and  (TITOS,  'nourishment.'  A  monster  that  pos- 
sesses an  imperfect  kind  of  life,  which  ceases 
when  the  umbilical  cord  is  divided. 

OMPHALOT'OMY,  Ompholotom'ia,  from  o^- 
(faXo?,  'the  umbilicus,' and  tc/xvo},  'I  cut.'  The 
division  of  the  navel  string. 

OMPHALUS,  Umbilicus. 

OMUS,  Crude,  Humenis. 

ONAGRA,  (Enothera  biennis. 

ONANIA,  Masturbation. 

ONANISM,  Masturbation. 

ON-COME.  A  Scotch  term,  according  to  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  for  "mysterious  diseases,  which 
baffle  the  regular  physician." 

ONCOS,  Tumour. 

ONCO'SES,  from  oyKc;,  'a  tumour.'  Tumours, 
as  diseases. 

ONCOSIS,  Intumescence. 

ONCOT'OMY,  Oncotom'ia,  Onhotomy,  from 
oyxoj,  'a  tumour,'  and  royirj,  'incision.'  The  open- 


ONCTION 


653 


OPACITY 


ing  of  an  abscess  with  a  cutting  instrument,  or 
the  excision  of  a  tumour. 

0 NOTION,  Inunction. 

ONCUS,  Swelling,  Tumour. 

ONDULATION,  Fluctuation. 

ONEBERRY,  Paris. 

ONEIROCRIT'ICUS,  Oneiroc' rites,  from  ovu- 
po;,  'a,  dream,'  and  Kpiat;,  'judgment.'  One  who 
judges  according  to  dreams. 

ONEIROD  YN'IA,  from  ovupo;,  and  oSvvv, 
'pain.'  Painful  dreams.  Incubus  and  Somnam- 
hulism  are  oneirodynias. 

Oneirodynia  Activa,  Paroniria,  Somnambu- 
lism— o.  Gravans,  Incubus. 

ONETRODYNIE  GRAVATIVE,  Incubus. 

ONEIROG'MUS,  Oneirog'yne,  OneiropoV esis, 
from  oueipog,  'a  dream.'  A  lascivious  dream; 
pollution  ;  nocturnal  pollution. 

ONEIROGONORRHCEA,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 

ONEIROGONOS,  Pollution. 

ONEIROL'OGY,  Oiieirolog"{a,  from  ovupu;, 
'a.  dream,'  and  Aoj/oj,  'a  description.'  The  doc- 
trine of  dreams. 

ONEIROMANTI'A,  from  oveipos,  'a  dream,' 
and  ftavTcia,  'divination.'  The  art  of  divining  by 
dreams  ;  or  of  interpreting  dreams. 

ONEIRON'OSUS,  from  ovcipoi,  and  vooog,  'a 
disease.'  Somnia'tio  morbo'sa.  Morbid,  uneasy 
dreaming. 

ONEIROPOLESIS,  Oneirogmus. 

ONERA  ALVI,  Excrement. 

ONGLADE,  Paronychia. 

ONGLE,  Nail — o.  Incame,  Onj'chogryphosis. 

ONGLEE  (F.),  Bigito'rum  stupor  a  (je.lu. 
Painful  numbness  at  the  extremities  of  the  fin- 
gers, caused  by  cold. 

ONGLET,  Pterygiori. 

ONGUENT,  Unguentum — o.  d'AltJiea,  Ungu- 
entum  de  Altbasa — o.  Blanc,  Ceratum  cetacei — o. 
de  Blanc  de  baleine,  Unguentum  cetacei  —  o. 
Blanc  de  Rhazes,  Unguentum  plumbi  subcarbo- 
natis — o.  de  Ceruse,  Unguentum  plumbi  subcar- 
bonatis — o.  Oitrin  contre  la  gale,  Unguentum  hy- 
drargyri  nitras  —  o.  Bi'gesHf  simple,  Unguentum 
digestivum  simplex  —  o.  Gris,  Unguentum  oxidi 
hydrargyri  cinereum — o.  de  Guimauve,  Unguen- 
tum de  althaea  —  o.  de  Lanrier,  Unguentum  lau- 
rinum — o.  3Iercuriel,  Unguentum  hydrargyri — o. 
Napolitain,  Unguentum  hydrargyri — o.  de  Nitrate 
de  mercure,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis  —  o. 
de  Poix  et  de  cire,  Basilicon — o.  de  Soldat,  Mar- 
tiatum  unguentum  —  o.  de  Surean,  Unguentum 
sambuei  —  o.  de  Tornamira,  Unguentum  plumbi 
subcarbonatis. 

ONION,  COMMON,  Allium  cepa  —  o.  Sea, 
Scilla.  , 

ONIS'CUS,  Asel'his,  Cu'tio,  Porcel'lio,  Parcel'- 
lus,  Por' cuius,  diminutive  of  oi/of,  'a  small  ass.' 
A  genus  of  insects,  Glass,  Crustacea,  very  com- 
mon in  cellars  and  dark  and  moist  places. 

Onisci  Aselli,  Millep'edes,  Aselli,  Millep'edcB, 
Faba,  Wood-lice,  Slaters,  Hog-lice,  (F.)  Clopor- 
tes  ordinaires,  had,  at  one  time,  a  place  in  the 
pharmacopoeias.  They  were  considered  stimulant 
and  diuretic,  and  useful  in  jaundice. 

ONITIS,  Origanum  dictamnus. 

ONKOTOMY,  Oneotomy. 

ONOLOSAT,  Obolus. 

ONOMATOCLESIS,  Nomenclature 

ONOMATOLOGIA,  Nomenclature. 

ONONIS  ANTIQUORUM,  0.  spinosa. 

Ono'nis  Arven'sis,  (F.)  Bugrane  des  champs, 
has  properties  like  the  next. 

Ononis  Spino'sa,  Ano'nis,  Resta  seu  Arres'ta 
hovis,  Rem'ora  Ara'tri,  Ononis  anfiguo'rum.  Rest 
harrow,  (F.)  Arrele-bceiif,  Bugrande  epineuse,  Bu- 
grane. Nat.  Ord.  Leguminosse.  Sex.  Syst.  Dia- 
delphia  Decandria.  The  root  of  this  plant  was 
once  used  as  a  diuretic. 


ONOPORDON  ACAN'TIIIUM,  Onopor'dum 
acan'ihium,  Car'dnns  tomento'sns,  Acan'ihium, 
Ac'anos,  A.  spina.  Spina  alba,  Cotton  Thistle, 
(F.)  Chardon  aux  Anes.  Ord.  Compositae.  Seve. 
Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  sequalis.  The  ex- 
pressed juice  has  been  recommended  as  a  cure  for 
cancer,  applied  externally. 

ONOPORDUM  ACANTHIUM,  Onopordon 
acanthiura. 

ONTIIUS,  Fimus. 

ONYCHATROPH'IA,A<)-Ojp7i,'ja»ji'(/)<n(m,from 
ovv^,  ovvxoSt  'a  nail,' and  atrojihia,  'want  of  nour- 
ishment.'    Atrophy  of  the  nails. 

ONYCHAUX'B,  Hypertroph'ia  un'guium,  from 
ovuf,  ovv')^os,  'a  nail,'  and  avi,ri,  'increase.'  Unu- 
sual increase  of  the  size  and  thickness  of  the 
nails. 

ONYCHEXALLAX'IS,  from  o.-«f,  ovvxo?,  'a 
nail,'  and  e^u'Wa^i;,  '  change.  A  morbid  condition 
of  the  nails. 

ONYCHIA,  Paronychia. 

ONYCHI'TIS,  from  on)|,  owxoi,  '  a  nail,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  a 
nail.      See  P'aronychia. 

ONYCHOCLASIS,  from  ovj^,  ovvxo;.  'a  nail,' 
and  K^ao-ij.  'fracture.'     Fracture  of  a  nail. 

ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS,  Onychogryphosis. 

ON YC  H  0  G  R  Y  P  H  0 '  S I S,  Onychogrypo'sis, 
Onychogrypto'sis,  Oiiychocryjjto'sis,  Gripho'sis, 
Gryjiho'sis,  Onyx' is,  from  ovv^,  ovvx^i'  'a  nail,' 
and  _iyr?/^jo«i's,  'crookedness.'  Curvature  of  the 
nails  ;  such  as  occurs  in  hectic  individuals.  Also, 
growing  in  of  the  nails;  Incama'tio  seu  Admica'- 
tio  seu  Arctn'ra  un'guium,  (F. )  Ongle  incame. 

ONYCHON'OSI,  Onychonu'si,  fromovu^,  ovvxoi, 
'a  nail,'  and  voaoi,  'a  disease.'  Disease  of  the 
nails. 

ONYCHOPH'THORA,  Onychophtho'ria,  Ony- 
coph'thora,  Onycophtho'ria,  from  ovv^,  ovvyo;, 
'the  nail,'  and  cpSopa,  'degeneration.'  A  degene- 
rate condition  or  destruction  of  the  nails. 

ONYCHOPHY'MA,  from  ow^,  owxo?,  'the 
nail,'  and  ipv/ua,  '  a  tumour.'  A  painful  degene- 
ration of  the  nails,  which  become  thick,  rough, 
and  crooked.  It  occurs  as  a  symptom  of  syphi- 
lis and  of  lepra. 

ONYCHOPTO'SIS,  Piptonyc'hia,  Bim'resis, 
Un'gulcB,  from  ovwf,  ovvxoi,  'a  nail,'  and  Trrwtri;, 
'falling.'     The  falling  off  of  the  nails. 

ONYCOPHTHORA,  Onychophthora. 

ONYX,  Hook  (blunt).  Nail,  Pterygion.  Also,  a 
collection  of  purulent  matter  between  the  laminas 
of  the  cornea,  having  the  shape  of  a  nail.  Un- 
guis Lunula. 

ONYXIS,  Onychogrvphosis. 

ONYXITIS,  see  Paronychia. 

OOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  ovarian. 

OODEOCELE,  see  Hernia  (foraminis  ovalis.) 

CODES,  Aqueous  humour,  Oval. 

OOG'ALA,  O'og'la,  Ogla,  Puis  ex  Ovis  et  Lncte. 
Milk  of  eggs,  from  uuv, 'an  egg,' and  ya\a,  'milk.' 
A  preparation  of  esrgs  and  milk. 

OOGLA,  Oogala." 

OOIDES,  Aqueous  humour.  Oval. 

OOLEMMA  PELLUCIDUM,  Zona  pellueida. 

OOLOG"IA,  Ovolog"ia,  Ovol'ogy,  from  ojov, 
'an  ovum  or  egg,'  and  Xuyo;,  'a  discourse,'  'a 
description.'     A  description  of  the  ovum. 

OON,  Ovum. 

OONINB,  Albumen. 

OOPH'AGOUS,  Oo2)h'agus,  from  wov,  'an  egg, 
and  (/layo),  'I  eat.'     Feeding  on  eggs. 

OOPHORAUXE,  Oarioparectama. 

OOPHORITIS,  Oaritis. 

OOPHORON,  Ovary. 

OORITIS,  Oaritis. 

OPACITY,  Opac"itas,  Opal-eness ;  troDf 
opacare,  'to  obscure.'     Quality  of  that  which  la 


OPAKE 


654 


OPHTHALMIA 


opake.  The  property  possessed  by  some  bodies 
of  not  allowing  the  light  to  traverse  them.  It  is 
opposed  to  transparency.  Opacity  of  the  cornea 
constitutes  albugo  or  leucoma  ;  —  opacity  of  the 
crystalline  causes  cataract. 

OPAKE',  Opa'cus,  Opa'cous.  Same  etymon. 
An  epithet  given  to  bodies,  which  do  not  permit 
the  passage  of  rays  of  light.  The  opake  cornea 
is  the  sclerotica,  in  contradistinction  to  the  trans- 
jtnrent  cornea  or  true  cornea. 

OPAKENESS,  Opacity. 

OP'ALINE.  That  which  resembles  the  opal. 
A  fluid  is  said  to  be  opaline,  when  milky,  and 
when  it  presents  an  appearance  more  or  less  like 
that  of  the  opal. 

OPEOCELE,  see  Hernia. 

OPERATIO,  Action,  Operation  — o.  Chirur- 
gica,  see  Operation  —  o.  Chymica  seu  pharma- 
ceutica.  Operation,  chymical,  <fcc.  —  o.  Simplex, 
Haplotomia. 

OPEPiA'TIOX,  Opera'tio,  from  opus,  operis, 
'work.'  The  application  of  instruments  to  the 
human  body  with  the  view  of  curing  disease. 
The  object  of  an  operation,  opera'tio  chirnr'gica, 
is  generally  to  divide  or  reunite  parts,  to  extract 
extraneous  or  noxious  bodies,  and  to  replace  or- 
gans that  are  wanting,  by  different  instruments 
or  artificial  means.  The  principal  operatory  me- 
thods have  been  called  Synthesis,  DicBresis,  E.rm- 
resis,  and  Profhesis.  Frequently,  the  most  diffi- 
cult subject  connected  with  an  operation  is  to 
decide  when  it  is  absolutely  called  for  or  advisa- 
ble, and  when  improper. 

OPERATION  A  LAMBEAU,  see  Flap. 

Operation,  Bilateral,  see  Lithotomy — o.  Ce- 
earienne,  Cassarean  section. 

Operation,  Chtm'ical  or  Pharsiaceu'tical, 
Opera'tio  chym'ica  seu  2^Aar?;iacei('<ica,  is  any 
process  whose  object  is  the  preparation  of  medi- 
cines; their  combinations  with  each  other,  ana- 
lysis, and  decomposition  :  —  such  are,  solution, 
distillation,  sublimation,  evaporation,  digestion, 
maceration,  infusion,  decoction,  calcination,  &c. 
Some  of  these  operations  are  mechanical;  others, 
really  chymical. 

Operation,  High,  see  Lithotomy  —  o.  Lateral, 
see  Lithotorav — o.  Sigaultian,  Symphyseotomy. 

OP'ERATOR.  Same  etymon.  -A  surgeon 
who  is  in  the  habit  of  practising  the  greater  ope- 
rations. One  who  performs  any  operation.  To 
be  a  good  operator,  the  surgeon  must  be  well  ac- 
quainted with  anatomy,  and  be  possessed  of 
strong  nerve.     See  Surgeon. 

OPER'CULUM,  Operto'rium,  Operimen'tum, 
from  operire,  '  to  cover.'  A  cover  or  lid.  In 
fishes,  the  gill  cover. 

OpERCTJLaJi  AsPBR.5;  Arteri.e,  Larynx — o. 
Cutis,  Epidermis  —  o.  Ilei,  Bauhin,  valve  of — o. 
Laryngis,  Epiglottis— o.  Oculi,  Palpebra. 

Operculum  Papilla'rum.  A  shield  for  the 
nipple. 

OPERIMEXTUM,  Operculum  — o.  Intestino- 
rum,  Epiploon  —  o.  Prajtensum  abdominis,  Peri- 
tonneum. 

OPERTORIUM.  Operculum. 

OPHELIA  CHIRATA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 

OPHIASIS.  Calvities,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

OPHIOGLOS'SUM  VULGA'TUM,  0.  ova'txim 
SBUechinoglos'sum,  (o<pig,  'a  serpent,'  and  yXwaaa, 
'  a  tongue,')  Lingua  serpenta'ria,  Adder's  Tongue, 
(F.)  Lnngue  de  Serpent.  Ord.  Filices.  Sex. 
Syst.  Cryptogaraia.  This  plant  was  formerly 
considered  to  be  vulnerary. 

OPHIOPH'AGOUS,  Ophioph'agns,  from  o^k, 
'a  serpent,'  and  0ayu,  'I  eat.'  An  epithet  for 
animals  which  feed  on  serpents.  Pliny  has  called 
certain  African  tribes  by  this  name. 

GPHIORRHI'ZA,  0.  nvmgo.o.  from  ofi;,  'a 
serpent,' and  pi^<«,  'root.'     Family,  Gentianacese. 


Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  name  of 
the  plant  whose  root  has  been  called  Radix  Ser- 
pen'tum,  ilungos  Radix.  The  bitter  root  is  much 
esteemed  in  Java,  Sumatra,  &c.,  for  preventing 
the  effects  that  usually  follow  the  bite  of  the 
naja,  a  venomous  serpent;  with  which  view  it  is 
eaten  by  the  natives.  It  is,  also,  a  reputed  an- 
thelmintic. 

OPHIOXYLOX,  Ophioxylum. 

OPHIOX'YLUM,  from  o^ty,  'a  serpent,'  and 
^vSov,  'wood.'  Ophioxylum  seu  Ophioxylon  ser- 
jjenti'nuM  seu  trifolia'tum,  Acaioe'ria,  Lignum 
serpentum,  Ord.  Apocynaceoe,  has  been  recom- 
mended in  the  bites  of  serpents,  and  in  intermit- 
tents.     It  is  said  to  be  very  bitter. 

OPHIS,  Serpent. 

OPHI'TES,  from  o0ij,  'a  serpent.'  Serpenti'- 
nus,  Ser'pentine  or  Black  Por'phyry.  This  rock 
was  formerly  worn  as  an  amulet,  to  cure  diseases 
of  the  head. 

OPHROSTAPHYLON,  Bryonia  alba. 

OPHRYS,  Supercilium. 

OPHTHALMAL'GIA,  from  04,^0X110^,  'the 
eye,'  and  a\yo;,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  eye.  Neu- 
ralgia of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMEMPASMA,  Collyrium  siccum. 

OPHTHAL'MIA,  Ophthalmi'tis,  from  o(p^a\jioi, 
'the  eye.'  Oculo'rum  infiamma'tio,  Caitma  oph- 
thalmi'tis, Ophthalmopo' nia,  Inflamma'tion  of  the 
Eye,  Ophthal'my,  (F.)  Ophthalmie,  Ophthalmite, 
Injlammation  de  I'ceil,  Catarrhe  oculaire.  Three 
great  varieties  of  ophthalmia,  independently  of 
the  acute  and  chronic  (which  conditions  occur  in 
all  inflammations,)  may  be  reckoned: — the  Oph- 
thalmia membranarum,  0.  purulenta,  and  0.  tarsi. 
The  first  is  characterized  by  the  general  symp- 
toms of  ophthalmia; — pain  and  redness  of  the 
eye  or  its  appendages;  with  intolerance  of  light, 
and  unusual  flow  of  tears ;  the  inflammation  being 
seated  chiefly  in  the  coats  of  the  eyeball.  It  is 
the  Hy nienophthal' mia,  Ophthalmia  tarax'is  seu 
hu'mida  seu  vera  seu  chemo'sis,  Conjunctivi'tis, 
Infiamma'tio  conJuncti'vcB,  Symj^hymeni'tis,  Syn- 
desmi'tis,  Catarr'hal  ophthalmia,  Ophthalmo-con- 
junctivi'tis,  Epiph'ora  (Galen),  Conjunctival  or 
Lach'rym6se  Ophthal'mia,  Tarax'is  (Paulus  of 
^gina),  Chemo'sis  (Aetius),  (F.)  Conjonctivite, 
Inflammation  de  la  conjonctive.  In  the  second,^- 
Ophthalmia  purulen'ta  seu  puriform'is,  Blennoph- 
thnlmia,  Bleph'aroblenorrhoe'a,  Opthalmoblennor- 
rhoea,  Blennorrhoea  oc'uli  —  the  internal  surface 
of  the  palpebrse  associates  in  the  inflammation 
of  the  eye-ball ;  and  there  is  a  copious  secretion 
of  a  purulent  fluid.  An  epidemic  and  contagious 
[?]  variety  of  this  is  the  .Egyptian  Ophthalmia, 
0.  epidem'ica  seu  purulen'ta  epidem'ica  seu  con- 
tagio'sa  seu  catarrha'lis  bel'lica  seu  bel'lica  seu 
Asiat'ica  sen  purulenta  contagio'sa,  Blennorrhce'a 
Oculi  JEgyptiaca,  Lcemojjhthal'mia,  Conjunctivi'- 
tis pnro-muco' sa  contagio'sa  seu  ^gyptiaca,  Ble- 
piharo'tis  glandula'ris  contagio'sa,  Adeni'tis  pal- 
pebra'rum  contagiosa,  Sup'purative  ophthalmia, 
Epideynic  contagious  ophthal'mia  —  called  Egyp- 
tian, from  its  prevalence  in  Egypt  during  the 
British  Expedition  under  Sir  Ralph  Abercrombie. 
The  inflammation  is  rapid  and  destructive;  gra- 
nulations shoot  from  the  tunica  conjunctiva,  and 
occasionally  there  is  intolerable  pain,  often  suc- 
ceeded by  delirium.  In  new-born  children,  a 
species  of  purulent  ophthalmia,  0.  purulen'ta 
infan'tum  seu  neonnto'rum,  Blepharophthahnia 
seu  Lippitu'do  seu  Blennorrhce'a  Oc'uli  seu  Oph- 
thal' mo-hlennorrhce' a  seu  Blepharo-blennorrhoe'a 
seu  Blepharo-pyorrhce'a  seu  Pyophthalmia,  Psor- 
ophthahnia  neonato' rum,  Adenosynchitoni' tis,  (F.) 
Ophthalmie  puriforme  des  nouveau-nes,  in  which 
the  palpebraj  are  florid  and  peculiarly  tumid,  is 
by  no  means  uncommon.  It  seems  to  be  caused 
by  acrid  discharges  from  the  mother,  applied  to 


OPHTHALMIATER 


65  5 


OPHTHALMIC 


the  eye  of  the  infant  during  its  exit;  or  to  the 
stimulus  of  the  light,  when  the  child  first  opens 
its  eyes.  A  severe  form  of  purulent  ophthalmia 
—  Hypercoiijonctivite  (Piorry) — ^is  produced  by 
the  application  of  gonorrhoea!  matter  to  the  eye. 
It  is  the  Ophthalmia  gonorrho'ica,  Blennorrhce' a 
ociili  (/niiorrho'ica,  Gonorrhoblepharrhce'a,  Gon- 
junctivitis  hlennorrhag" ica  seu  gonorrho'ica,  Qo- 
norrhoe'al  Ophthal'mia,  (P.)  Ophthalmie  hlennor- 
rhagique,  Coiijonctivite  blennorrhagique. 

Ophthalmia  is  likewise  modified  by  the  condi- 
tion of  the  constitution,  and  hence  we  have  stru- 


moiti,  variolous,  and  other  inflammations  of  the 
conjunctiva. 

The  third  variety  —  the  OphtTialmia  Tarsi  seu 
glutino'sa,  Blepharophthal'mia,  Blepharotia,  Ble- 
pharoti'tis,  Blephari'tis,  Blepharadeni'tis,  Psor- 
ophthal'mia,  Oc'uli  palpebra' rum  sca'bies  pruri- 
gino'sa,  Adetiophthalmia — is  seated  chiefly  in  tho 
tarsus;  the  sebaceous  crypts  secreting  a  viscid 
and  acrid  fluid,  that  glues  and  ulcerates  its  edges, 
and  irritates  the  eye. 

The  different  forms  of  inflammation  of  the  con- 
junctiva are  thus  classed  by  M.  Desmarres : 


'1.  Pure  or  phlegmonous. 
2.  Pustular. 


Conjunctivitis \ 


3.  Granular  or  catarrhal. 


'Contagious. 
Non-contagious. 
Miasmatic. 

f  Erysipelatous. 

Exanthematic \  ^/''V'.lr'- 

Morbiuous. 

[  Scarlatinous, 


Of  new-born  infants. 

4.  Purulent <  Gonorrhoeal. 

.  Egyptian. 


Conjunctivitis,  when  slight,  requires  little  treat- 
ment: the  antiphlogistic  regimen — and,  particu- 
larly, avoiding  exposure  to  light, — being  all  that 
is  necessary.  When  more  severe,  along  with 
this,  general  and  local  blood-letting,  especially 
by  leeches  to  the  side  of  the  septum  narium, 
must  be  employed  so  as  to  make  a  decided  im- 
pression on  the  system ;  with  nauseating  doses 
of  antimony,  purgatives,  blisters  (at  some  dis- 
tance from  the  organ),  refrigerants;  and  astrin- 
gents, cold  or  warm,  according  to  circumstances, 
to  the  eye.  In  Purulent  Ophthalmij,  these  mea- 
sures must  be  still  more  actively  employed,  other- 
wise disorganization  will  speedily  follow: — the 
granulations,  which  form  on  the  adnata  of  the 
eyelids  may  be  removed  with  the  scissors,  and 
the  sore  be  touched  with  a  solution  of  alum. 
Ophthalmia  Tarsi  must  be  treated  on  general 
principles,  when  severe.  It  usually,  however, 
requires  merely  the  antiphlogistic  regimen,  with 
the  occasional  use,  especially  at  night,  of  a 
slightly  stimulating  ointment,  such  as  the  ungu- 
entum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi,  considerably  re- 
duced with  lard.  The  ointment  prevents  the 
eyelids  from  being  glued  together  during  the 
night,  and  thus  obviates  the  irritation  caused  by 
attempts  at  separating  them. 

Ophthalmia,  Egyptian,  see  Ophthalmia — o. 
Asiatica,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Bellica,  see  Oph- 
thalmia—  o.  Biliosa,  Ophthalinocholosis  —  o.  Ca- 
tarrhal, see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Catarrhalis  bellica, 
see  Ophthalmia — o.  Chronica,  Lippitudo — o.  Con- 
junctival, see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Contagiosa,  see 
Ophthalmia  —  o.  Epidemica,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o. 
Glutinosa,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Gonorrhoica,  see 
Ophthalmia  —  o.  Gonorrhoeal,  see  Ophthalmia  — 
o.  Humida,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Lachrymose,  see 
Ophthalmia  —  o.  Membranarum,  see  Ophthalmia 

—  o.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Phl3'cte- 
nular,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Puriformis,  see  Oph- 
thalmia— 0.  Purulenta,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Puru- 
lenta  contagiosa,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Purulenta 
epidemica,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Purulenta  infan- 
tum, see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Rheumatic,  Sclerotitis 

—  0.  Sicca,  Xerophthalmia  —  o.  Supj)urative,  see 
Ophthalmia  —  o.  Taraxis,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o. 
Tarsi,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Ulcerosa,  Helcoph- 
thalmia — o.  Varicose,  Cirsophthalmia  —  o.  Vera, 
see  Ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMIATER,  Oculist. 
0  P  H  T  HALMIATRI'A,    Ophthalmiatrotech'- 
nica,  Ophthalmotherapi'a,  (F.)  Octdisttque  ;  from 


ophfhalmos,  and  larpog,  '  a  physician.'  The  art 
of  the  oculist.     Treatment  of  diseases  of  the  eye. 

0  P  H  T  HALMIATROTECHNICA,  Ophthal- 
miatria. 

OPHTHAL'MIC,  Ophthal' micua,  from  oph- 
thalmos.  That  which  relates  or  belongs  to 
the  eye. 

Ophthalmic  Artery,  A.  orbifaire,  (Ch.)  arises 
from  the  internal  carotid,  and  issues  from  the 
cranium  by  the  foramen  opticum.  At  first,  it  is 
situate  at  the  outer  and  lower  side  of  the  optic 
nerve,  but  ascends  above  this  nerve,  and  passes 
towards  the  inner  angle  of  the  orbit.  It  fur- 
nishes, in  its  course,  the  lachrymal,  centralis  re- 
tmcB,  infra-orbitars,  ciliaries,  anterior  ciliaries, 
inferior  and  superior  musculars,  anterior  and 
jmsterior  ethmoidals,  and  superior  and  inferior 
palpebrals.  After  having  given  off  these,  it  di- 
vides  into  two  branches  —  the  frontal  and  nasal, 
which  furnish  a  number  of  ramifications,  —  some 
superficial,  others  deep-seated. 

Ophthal'mic  Gang'lion,  Lentic'ular  or  Cil'- 
iary  ganglion,  Ganglion  ophthal'micum  seu  semi- 
luna're  seu  eilia're,  G.  orbitaire  (Ch.),  is  one  of 
the  smallest  ganglions  of  the  body,  and  formed 
by  the  6th  and  3d  pairs  of  encephalic  nerves.  It 
is  situate  at  the  outer  side  of  the  optic  nerve  near 
the  bottom  of  the  orbit ;  is  irregularly  quadri- 
lateral and  flat ;  its  colour  of  a  reddish  gray. 
Behind,  it  communicates  by  its  posterior  angles 
— by  means  of  nervous  filaments — with  the  nasal 
nerve  of  the  ophthalmic,  the  motor  oculi,  and 
off'sets  from  the  sympathetic.  Each  of  its  ante- 
rior angles  furnishes  a  fasciculus  of  small  nerves. 
These  are  the  ciliary  nerves. 

Ophthalmic  Nerve,  Ophthalmie  Nerve  of 
Willis,  Orbito-frontal,  (Ch.)  is  the  smallest  and 
first  of  the  three  branches  given  off  by  the  5th 
pair.  It  proceeds  along  the  external  paries  of 
the  cavernous  sinus,  and  enters  the  orbit  by 
the  sphenoidal  fissure.  It  divides  into  three 
branches,  one,  external — the  lachrymal  nerve  • 
iinotheT,  superior  —  frontal  nerve;  and  the  last, 
internal  —  the  nasal  nerve.  See  Lachrymal, 
Frontal,  Nasal. 

Ophthalmic  or  Optic  Remedy,  Ophthal'micum 
seu  Op'ticum,  (F.)  Topique  ophthalmique,  is  a 
medicine  employed  in  ophthalmia. 

Ophthalmic  Sinus,  see  Cavernous  Sinus. 

Ophthalmic  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement 
as  the  artery,  which  it  accompanies  in  all  its 
i  divisions.     It  issues  from  the  orbit  at  the  inner 


OPHTHALMICA 


65  6 


OPIATUS 


part  of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  discharges  us 
blood  into  the  cavernous  sinus. 

The  name  Facial  Ophthalmic  has  been  given 
to  the  branch  by  vrhich  the  facial  vein  communi- 
cates with  the  ophthalmic. 

OPHTHALMICA,  Euphrasia  ofiScinalis. 
OPHTHALMICI  EXTERNI,  Motores  oculo- 
rum. 

OPHTHALMICUM,  Ophthalmic  remedy. 
OPHTHALMIDIUM,  Microphtbalmus. 
0 PHTHALMIE  P  UR  [FORME  D ES  NO  U- 
VEAU-NES,  see   Ophthalmia — o.  Blennorrha- 
fjiqne,  see  Ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMITE,  Ophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMI'TIS,  Ophthalmia.    This  term  is 
occasionally   restricted   to    inflammation    of  the 
globe  of  the  eye,  in  which,  both  the  external  and 
internal  structures  are  involved. 

OPIITIIALMIUM.  Mierophthalmus. 
OPHTHALMO-BLEXNORRHCEA,    Ophtbal- 
niia(purulent) — o.b.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia 
(purulenta  infantum). 

OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA,  from  ophtJial- 
moa,  and  (capviva-na,  'cancer.'    Cancer  of  the  eye. 
OPHTHALMOCELE,  Exophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMOCHOLO'SIS,  from  oplifhahnos, 
and  x°^'>'  ''^ile;'  Ophthal'mia  hilio'sa.    Ophthal- 
mia from  biliary  excitement. 

OPHTHALMOCHROITES,  see  Choroidea  tu- 
nica. 

OPHTHALMO-CONJUjSTCTIVITIS,  see  Oph- 
thalmia. 

OPHTHALMOCOPIA,  Copyopia. 
OPHTHALMODULI'A,  from  ophthahnus,  and 
5oi)A£((z,  'servitude.'     Eye-service.     The  title  of  a 
book  by  Bartisch  on  diseases  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMODYN'IA,  from  ophthalmos,  and 
o5vvri, '  pain,'  especially  rheumatic  pain  of  the  eye. 
Plenck  has  given  this  name  to  neuralgia  of  the 
frontal  nerve,  in  which  the  pain  radiates  particu- 
larly towards  the  bottom  of  the  orbit.  See  Neu- 
ralgia, frontal. 

Ophthalmodtnia  Pebiodica,  Neuralgia,  fa- 
cial. 

OPHTHALMCEDE'MA,  from  o2)hf1taImos,  and 
oiorjita,  'oedema.'     ffidema  of  the  conjunctiva. 

OPHTHALMOG'RAPHY,  from  ophthalmos, 
and  ■yi>a(pr},  '  a  description.'  The  part  of  anatomy 
which  gives  a  description  of  the  eye.  An  ana- 
tomical description  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOL'OGY,  Ophthalmnlog"ia,  Oph- 
thalmotol'ofjy.  from  ophthalmos,  and  )i.oyos,  'a  dis- 
course.' The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the 
eye.  An  anatomical  treatise  on  the  eye.  A  de- 
scription of  the  eye  in  health  and  disease. 

OPHTHALMOM'ETER,  from  ophthalmos,  and 
/itrpov,  '  measure.'  An  instrument  of  the  nature 
of  compasses,  invented  by  F.  Petit,  for  measuring 
the  capacity  of  the  anterior  and  posterior  cham- 
bers of  the  eye  in  anatomical  experiments. 

OPHTHALMOMYI'TIS,  Ophthalmomyosi'tis, 
from  ophthalmos.  fivi,  'a  muscle,'  and  itls,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  mus- 
cles of  the  eve. 

OPHTHALMOPARALYSIS,  Ophthalmople- 
gia. 

OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOM'IA,  from  oph- 
thahnos,  (p\e^,  'a  vein,'  and  roixr],  'incision.' 
Bleeding  from  the  vessels  of  the  conjunctiva. 

0  P  H  T  H  A  L M  0  PHTHAR'SIS,  Ophthalmo- 
phthi'ais,  from  ophthalmos,  and  (jiOapais,  '  corrup- 
tion.'    Destruction  of  the  eyeball. 

OPHTHALMOPHTHISIS,  Ophthalmophthar- 
sis. 

OPHTHALMOPLE'GIA,     OphthalmoparaVy- 
sis,    from    ophthalmos,    and    -rXquaw,    'I    strike.' 
Paralvsis  of  one  or  more  of  the  muscles  of  the  eye. 
OPHTIIALMOPONIA,  Ophthalmia. 


OPHTHALMOPTO'SIS,  from  ophthalmos,  and 
vTuifsig,  '  a  prolapse.'  A  word  employed  by  some 
authors  in  the  sense  of  exophthalmia;  by  others, 
in  that  of  hydrophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMORRnAG"IA,  from  ophthalmos, 
and  gr,yvvfii,  '  I  break  forth.'     Hemorrhage  from 
the  tunica  conjunctiva.     It  is  rare. 
OPHTHALMO.S,  Eye. 

OPHTHALMOSCOPE,  see  Ophthalmoscopia. 
OPHTHALMOSCO  P'lA,  Ophthalmoscopy, 
from  ophthalmos,  and  oKo-zia,  'I  regard  attentively.' 
The  art  of  judging  of  the  temper,  &c.,  of  a  per- 
son by  examining  his  eyes.  The  art  of  judging 
of  health  or  disease  by  inspection  of  the  eyes. 
Exploration  of  the  eyes  in  order  to  a  diagnosis. 
An  Ophthal'moscojje,  opjhthalmoscop'ium,  ojih- 
thalmos'copum,  has  been  invented,  which  by  re- 
fleeting  the  light  on  the  retina  enables  the  con- 
dition of  the  interior  of  the  eye  to  be  appreciated. 
To  a  form  of  the  ophthalmoscope  the  name  Anag- 
nos'lakis  has  been  given,  after  a  young  Greek 
phj'sician,  who,  it  was  thought,  invented  it. 

OPHTHALMOSTA'TUM,  (F.)  O-jihthaVmostat, 
from  ojjhthalmos,  and  craan,  'station;'  Speculum 
Oc'uli.     An  instrument  for  fixing  the  eye. 
OPHTHALMOTHERAPIA,  Ophthalmiatria. 
OPHTHALMOTOLOGY,  Ophthalmology. 
OPHTHALMOT'OMY,  Ophthalmotom'ia,  from 
ophthalmos  and  rtiivoi,  '  I  cut.'     The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  the  dissection  of  the  eye.    It 
has,  also,  been  applied  to  extirpation  of  the  eye. 
OPHTHALMOXEROSIS,  Xerophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMOX'YSIS,  from  ophthalmos,  and 
^voi,  '  I  scrape.'     A  name  given  to  the  scarifica- 
tion sometimes  practised  on  the  conjunctiva,  in 
cases  of  ophthalmia. 

07E.TRALM0XYS'Tn\]M,02}hthalmoxys'ter, 
Ophthalmo.cyste'rium,  Xystrum  ophthal'mieum. 
Same  etymon.  An  instrument  for  scraping  the 
eye.  Name  given  to  a  small  brush,  with  barbs 
like  an  ear  of  barley  or  rye,  intended  to  scarify 
the  eyelids  in  certain  cases  of  ophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMUS,  Eye. 

OPHTHALMYMENI'TIS,  Ophthalmohymeni'- 
tis,  from  ophthalmos,  'vjjirjv,  'membrane,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.     Inflammation  of  one  or 
more  of  the  membranes  of  the  eye. 
OP  I  ACE,  Opiate. 
OPIACUM,  Opiatum. 
OPIANE,  Narcotine. 

O'PIANINE,  Opiani'na,  Opiia'nia;  from  opium. 
An  alkaloid  discovered  in  opium,  which  resem- 
bles morphia  in  its  properties,  and  doses. 
OPIANUM.  Narcotine. 
OPT  A  T,  Opiate  —  o.  Dentifrice,  Dentifrice. 
O'PIATE,     Opia'tum,    Opia'cum,    Papavera'- 
ceiim,  3Ieco'nicum,  (F.)  Opiat,  Opiacee,  from  ojtiov, 
{o-o;.  'juice,')  '  opium.'     A  medicine  containing 
opium.     A   medicine   that   procures    sleep.     An 
electuary ; — formerly,  an  electuary  which    con- 
tained opium. 

O'PIATED,  Opia'tus.  Impregnated  with  opi- 
um.    Aiiected  by  opium. 

OPIA'TUM  FEBRIF'UGUM,  Electua'rium  de 
Kind  Kiva ;  Elec'tuary  of  Cincho'na.  (Piilv. 
cinch,  ^xviij,  amnion,  muriat,  gj,  mellis,  syrup., 
ahsinth.  aa  ,^ij.  Make  into  an  electuary.  Ph.  P.) 
Given,  when  cinchona  is  indicated. 

Opiatum  Mesenter'icum,  Electua'rium  de 
Al'oe,  Jfiiria'te  Hydrar'gyri,  et  Ferro.  (Gum. 
ammon.  gss.  sennce  ,^vj,  hydrargyri  suhmuriat., 
rod.  nri.,  aloes  socotrin.  aa  ^ij,  j)idv.  scammon. 
comp.  (vulg.  de  trihus,)  rhej.  rad.  aa  ^iij,  ferri 
limatur.  porphyrisat.  .^ss.  Bruise  and  mix  to- 
gether, add  of  compound  syrup  of  apples  double 
the  weight  of  the  other  matters,  and  make  into 
an  electuary.  Ph.  P.)  Dose,  ^ss  to  gij,  in  ob- 
structions of  the  liver,  mesentery,  &c. 
OPIATUS,  Opiated. 


OPION 


6  57 


OPTIC   CENTRE 


OPIOX,  Opium. 
OPISMA,  Suocus. 

OPIS'THENAR,  Dorsum  man^s,  from  omaBt, 
'backwards,'  and  dcvap,  'the  flat  of  the  hand.' 
Ihe  back  of  the  hand. 

OPISTHOCEPHALON,  Occiput, 
OPISTHOCRAXIUM,  Occiput. 
OPISTHOCYPHOSIS,  Cyphoma. 
OPISTHOLOB'IUM,  Opisthot'uim,  from  ontrree, 
'behind,'  and  \o{iiov,  'the  lobe  of  the  ear.'     Any 
agent  applied  behind  the  ear. 

OPISTHOTIUM,  Opistholobium. 

OPISTHOT'ONOS,  Raptusioosterga'neus,  Tet'- 
anus  dorsa'lis  seu  posti'cus  seu  posterga'nens, 
from  0T7iaSc,  'backwards,'  and  rtivo),  'I  stretch.' 
A  species  of  tetanus,  in  which  the  body  is  bent 
backwards. 

OPIUM,  see  Papaver — o.  Colatum,  Extractum 
opii — 0.  Depuratum,  Extractum  opii. 

Opium  Eatehs,  Theriaki. 

Opium,  Lettuce,  see  Lactuea. 

OPOBALSAMUM,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum. 

OPOCARPASON,  Carpasium  (juice.) 

OPOCEPH'ALUS,  (P.)  Opoeephale.  A  genus 
of  monsters  having  the  two  ears  approximated  or 
united  under  the  head;  the  jaws  atrophied;  and 
no  mouth  or  nose. — I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

OPODELDOC,  Opodeldoch. 

OPODEL'DOCH,  Opodel'toch,  Opodeldoc.  An 
unmeaning  term,  frequently  used  by  Paracelsus. 
Formerly,  it  signified  a  plaster  for  all  external 
injuries  ;  now,  it  is  applied  to  the  Linimentum 
Saponis  Compositum. 

Opodeldoch,  Steer's.  A  liniment,  called  after 
the  inventor.  There  are  many  formulae  for  its 
preparation.  The  following  is  one.  Sap.  alh.  Ibj, 
camphor.  ,^ij,  ol.  rorismarini  f^iv,  spiritus  vi'ni 
rectificati  Oij.  See  Linimentum  Saponis  Compo- 
situm. 

OPODEOCELE,  see  Hernia. 

OPODYMUS,  Diprosopus. 

OPOIDIA  GALBANIFERA,  see  Bubon  Gal- 
banum. 

OP  OLE,  Succus. 

OPOLIDE,  Succus. 

OPOPIOS,  Optic. 

OPOPONACUM,  Pastinaea  opoponax. 

OPOPONAX,  see  Pastinaea  opoponax  —  o. 
Chironium,  Pastinaea  opoponax. 

OPOPONAXWORT,  Pastinaea  opoponax. 

OPO'RICE,  from  oirwpa,  'autumnal  fruits.'  A 
medicine,  composed  of  several  autumnal  fruits, 
particularly  of  quinces,  pomegranates,  &a.,  and 
wine.  It  was  formerly  administered  in  dysen- 
tery, diseases  of  the  stomach,  &c. 

OPOS,  Succus  expressus  —  o.  Silphion,  Laser- 
pitinm. 

OPPIDULUM,  Vulva. 

OPPILATIO,  Emphraxis— 0.  Telse  Cellulosee, 
Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

OPPILATIVUS,  Obstruens. 

OPPO'NENS,  (F.)  Opposant,  from  oh,  and  po- 
nerp,  'to  place.'  That  which  faces  or  is  put  in 
opposition  to  something.  The  name  has  been 
given  to  two  muscles  of  the  hand. 

Opponens  Min'uii  Dig"iti,  (F.)  Opposant  dn 
petit  doigt,  Carpo-metaearpien  du  petit  doigt  (Ch.), 
Metacarpien  du  petit  doigt.  This  muscle  has 
the  same  shape  and  arrangement  as  the  preceding, 
but  is  of  less  size.  It  is  situate  in  the  hypothe- 
nar  eminence.  Its  fibres  are  inserted  into  the 
anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus,  and  ter- 
minate.on  the  whole  length  of  the  inner  edge  of 
the  5th  metacarpal  bone.  This  muscle  carries 
the  5th  metacarpal  bone  forwards  and  outwards, 
and  thus  augments  the  concavity  of  the  palm  of 
the  hand. 
42 


Opponess  Pol'liCIS,  Flexor  ossis  metacar'pi 
pollieis,  F.  pjrirni  intevno'dii  (Douglass),  Oppo- 
nens  pollieis  manus,  Antith'enar  sive  senii-inter- 
osseus  pollieis,  (F.)  Carpjo-metacarpien  du  pouce 
(Ch.),  Metacarpien  du  pouce,  Opposant  du  Pouce. 
A  small,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  situate  in  the 
substance  of  the  thenar  eminence.  It  is  attached, 
on  the  one  hand,  to  the  anterior  annular  liga- 
ment of  the  carpus  and  to  the  trapezium;  and, 
on  the  other,  to  the  whole  of  the  outer  margin 
of  the  first  metacarpal  bone.  This  muscle  im- 
presses on  the  first  bone  of  the  metacarpus  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  opposes  the  thumb 
to  the  other  fingers. 

OPPOSANT,  Opponens  —  o.  du  Petit  doigt, 
Opponens  minimi  digiti — o.  du  Pouce,  Opponens 
pollieis. 

OPPRESSIO,  Catalepsy,  Oppression— o.  Noc- 
turna.  Incubus. 

OPPRESSION,  Oppres'sio,  Thlipsis,  Cata- 
thlips'is,  from  opprimere  (oh,  and  premere,  pres- 
sum,)  'to  press  against.'  A  state,  in  which  the 
patient  experiences  a  sensation  of  weight  in  the 
part  affected.  AVhen  employed  abstractedly,  it 
means,  particularly,  Oppression  of  the  cheat  — 
Op'oressio  Pee'toris,  (F. )  0.  de  Poitrine. 

Oppression,  Oppres'sio  vir'ium,  (F.)  Oppres- 
sion des  forces,  is,  also,  used  for  that  condition, 
at  the  commencement  of  fevers,  &c.,  in  which 
the  system  is  oppressed  rather  than  debilitated, 
and  where  the  vascuhir  action  rises,  as  the  ob- 
struction to  free  circulation  is  relieved  by  bleed- 
ing, purging,  kc. 

OPS,  Eve. 

OPSEONUSI,  Opsionusi. 

OP?IALGIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

OPSIONU'SI,  Opseoini'si,  from  oj^i;,  'vision,' 
and  I'ovcros,  'a  disease;'  Morhi  visHs.  Diseases 
of  vision. 

OPSIOTOC'IA,  from  o-U,  'too  late,'  and  roKog, 
'birth  ;'  Partus  sero'tiiius.  Parturition  after  the 
usual  period.     See  Pregnancy. 

OPSIS.  Pupil.  Vision. 

OPSOMA'XIAC,  Opsom'anes,  (F.)  Opsomane, 
from  oijjov,  'aliment,'  and  fiavia.  One  who  loves 
some  particular  aliment  to  madness. 

OPTESIS,  Assatio. 

OPTIC,  Opj'ticus,  Opo'pios,  (F.)  Optique,  from 
o-Toiini.  '  I  see.'     That  which  relates  to  vision. 

OPTIC  CENTRE,  Centmm  np'ticum.  The 
optic  centre  of  the  crystalline  is  the  point  at 
which  the  various  rays  proceeding  from  an  object 
cross  in  their  way  to  the  retina. 

Optic  Commissure,  see  Chiasmus. 

Optic  Foramett,  Fora'men  opj'ticum,  (F.)  Tron 
optique.  Around  opening  in  the  sphenoid  bone, 
near  the  base  of  its  lesser  ala,  through  which  the 
optic  nerve  passes. 

Optic  Ganglia,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

Optic  Groove.  A  transverse  groove  on  the  su- 
perior surface  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  on  which  the 
commissure  of  the  optic  nerve  rests,  and  which  is 
continuous  on  each  side  with  the  optic  foramen. 

Optic  Lobes,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

Optic  Nerve,  Nervus  op'ticus  seu  visi'vus  seu 
viso'rius.  Par  secun'dum  seu  op'ticum  seu  viso'- 
rinm,  Nerve  of  the  2d  pair.  Ocular  nerve  of 
Chaussier.  The  optic  nerves  are  remarkable  for 
their  size;  for  their  running  a  longer  course 
within  than  without,  the  cranium;  and  for  their 
furnishing  no  branch  from  their  origin  to  their 
termination.  They  do  not  seem  to  arise,  as  was 
long  supposed,  from  the  optic  thalami,  but  from 
the  tubercula  quadrigemina.  Immediately  after 
their  origin,  the  optic  tracts,  Tractus  op'tici,  pro- 
ceed forwards;  are,  at  first,  broad  and  flat;  but 
afterwards  become  narrower  and  round.  In  front 
of  the  fossa  pituitaria,  they  unite  and  decussate, 
each  nerve  proceeding  through  the  optic  foramen 


OPTICO-TROCHLEI-SCL^ROTICIEN  6  5  8 


ORBITAR 


of  the  sphenoid  bone  with  the  ophthalmic  artery, 
and  through  the  Fora'men  op'ticum  chorio'idecB, 
to  form  the  retina.  The  nerve  passes  to  the  back 
part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  becomes  narrower, 
and  enters  that  organ  at  a  flattened  circular  pa- 
pilla—  Go/lie' uhts  seu  Papill'a  nervi  optici  —  to 
give  rise  to  the  nervous  expansion  called  the 
retina.  Between  the  colliculus  and  the  yellow 
spot  of  Sommering,  a  small  projection  or  fold  of 
the  retina  passes — plica  centra'lis  ret'ina.  Besides 
its  neurilemma,  the  optic  nerve  is  surrounded  by 
a  sheath,  furnished  by  the  dura  mater.  This  ac- 
companies it  as  far  as  the  eye. 

The  optic  nerve  is  the  nerve  of  special  sensi- 
bility of  the  eye.  In  the  centre  of  the  nerve, 
there  is  a  pnnctitm  ccBcum,  mac'ula  nigra,  where 
the  central  artery  enters  the  eye,  and  the  cor- 
responding vein  passes  out.  If  a  ray  of  light 
falls  on  this  spot  it  is  not  appreciated. 

Optic  Remedy,  see  Ophthalmic  remedy — o. 
Thalami,Thalami  nervorum  opticorum — o.  Tracts, 
see  Optic  nerve.  ,  ^ 

OPTICO-TRO  CHLEI-  SCLEB  0  TICIEN, 
Oblique,  superior  of  the  eye. 

OPTICUM,  Ophthalmic  remedy. 
OPTILOS,  Eye. 

OPTOM'ETER,  from  oTrro/zai,  'I  see,'  and 
fxtrpov,  'ameasure.'  An  instrument  for  measuring 
the  distance  of  distinct  vision. 

OPUNTIA,  Cactus  opuntia — ©.Vulgaris,  Cactus 
opuntia. 

OR,  Gold — o.  Blanc,  Platinum — o.  Cyanure  d\ 
see  Gold — o.  DivisS,  see  Gold — o.Hydrochlorate  d', 
see  Gold — o.  lodure  d',  see  Gold  —  o.  Metallique, 
see  Gold — o.  Nitromuriate  d',  see  Gold — o.  Oxide 
d',  see  Gold  —  o.  et  de  Sodium  chlorure  d',  see 
Gold — o.  et  de  Sonde,  Hydrochlorate  d',  see  Gold 
— o.  et  de  Sonde,  Muriate  d',  see  Gold. 
ORA  SERRATA,  see  Ciliary  (Body.) 
ORACHE,  SPREADING,  Atriplcx  patula— o. 
Stinking,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

ORAL,  Vocal,  (F.)  Oral,  from  os,  oris,  'a 
mouth.'     Relating  to  the  mouth  or  to  speech. 

ORANGE,  Citrus  aurantium  —  o.  Bitter,  see 
Citrus  aurantium  —  o.  Flowers  of  the,  see  Citrus 
aurantium. 

Orange  Grass,  Hypericum  sarothra — o.  Root, 
Hydrastis  Canadensis  —  o.  Tree,  Citrus  auran- 
tium. 

ORANGEADE.  A  drink,  made  with  orange 
juice  diluted  with  water.  It  is  antiphlogistic, 
and  often  recommended  in  acute  diseases. 

ORANGES,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  o.  Curas- 
soa,  Aurantia  curassaventia. 

ORBES  CARTILAGINOSI  TRACHEA,  see 
Trachea.  ^ 

ORBICiTLATRE  DES  LE  VRES,  Orbicularis 
oris — o.  dea  Pavpieres,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 
ORBICULAR,  Orhicula'ris,  (F.)  Orbiculaire, 
from  orbis,  'a  circle.'     Spherical,  circular. 

Orbicular  Bone,  Os  orbieula're  seu  /eittieii- 
la're  seu  Syluii  seu  orbicida're  Syl'vii,  Gloh'ulus 
stap'edie  ossis,  Epiph'yuis  cruris  longio'ria  in'cu- 
dis,  Ossio'iilum  orbieula're  seu  sqiiamo'sum  seu 
cocJdeare  seu  qnartum,  is  the  smallest  of  the  four 
bones  of  the  ear.  It  is  scarcely  perceptible,  round, 
convex  on  two  surfaces,  and  situate  between  the 
long  ramus  of  the  incus  and  the  head  of  the 
stapes. 

Orbicular  Muscles  are  muscles  with  circular 
fibres  surrounding  some  natural  opening  of  the 
body.  1.  Orhicula'ria  seu  Conetric'tor  Oris, 
Sphincter  Labio'rvm,  Semi  sen  Demi-orbicida'ris, 
Supra-aemi-orbieula'ris,  Labia' Ha,  Osculato'rius, 
Baaia'tor,  (P.)  Labial,  Orbiculaire  dea  levres.  A 
muscle  situate  in  the  substance  of  the  lips,  and 
extending  from  one  commissure  to  the  other. 
It  is  formed  of  two  very  distinct  portions,  of  a 
semi-oval  shape;  one  belonging  to  the  upper  lip, 


the  other  to  the  lower.  Their  extremities  cross 
at  the  commissures,  and  are  confounded  with  the 
other  muscles  of  the  parts.  The  use  of  this  fleshy 
muscle  is  to  bring  the  lips  together,  and  to  close 
the  aperture  of  the  mouth,  by  making  it  repre- 
sent a  sort  of  boiirrelet  with  radiated  wrinkles. 
It  is  an  antagonist  to  every  other  muscle  of  the 
lips.  2.  Orbicularis  Palpebra'rum  seu  oc'uli  seu 
palpehra'rum  cilia'ris,  Palpebra'rum.  duo  miia'- 
cidi,  Palpebra'lis,  Constrict' or  sen  Sphincter  Pal- 
pebra'rum seu  Oculi,  (F.)  Naso-palpSbral  (Ch.), 
Maxil'lo-paljjebral,  Palpebral,  Orbictdaire  dea 
paupieres.  A  muscle  common  to  both  the  eyelids, 
and  seated  in  their  substance.  It  is  broad,  thin, 
transversely  oval,  and  cleft  in  its  great  diameter. 
It  is  attached  to  the  nasal  process  of  the  superior 
maxillary  bone ;  to  the  internal  angular  process 
of  the  frontal  bone,  and  to  the  orbitar  process  of 
the  superior  maxillary  bone.  From  these  origins 
the  muscle  passes  outwards,  under  the  skin  of  the 
eyelids,  surrounding  the  orbit  in  a  circular  man- 
ner, extending  somewhat  beyond  it,  8.nd  covering 
the  upper  part  of  the  cheek.  It  is  inserted  into 
the  skin  of  the  eyelids,  its  upper  and  inner  edge 
being  intimately  connected  with  the  frontal  and 
corrugator  muscles.  Its  use  is  to  close  the  eye, 
by  bringing  the  eyelids  together.  The  part  of 
the  orbicularis  which  covers  the  cartilages  of  the 
eyelids,  and  which  is  remarkably  thin,  is  the 
Musculua  Ciliaris  of  some  authors. 

ORBICULARIS  OCULI,  Orbicularis  palpe- 
brarum, see  Orbicular  muscles  —  o.  Oris,  see  Or- 
bicular muscles  —  o.  Palpebrarum,  see  Orbicular 
muscles  —  o.  Palpebrarum  ciliaris,  see  Orbicular 
muscles — o.  Recti,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

ORBICULUS  CILIARIS,  Ciliary  ligament, 
Ciliary  zone. 

ORBIS  GENU,  Patella. 

ORBIT,  Or'bita,  0.  oc'uli,  Troch'ia,  Conchua 
seu'  Cav'itas  seu  Fo'vea  seu  Pelvic' ida  oc'uli, 
(F.)  Orhite,  from  orbia,  'a  circle.'  The  circular 
cavities  are  so  called,  which  lodge  the  organs  of 
sight.  The  orbits  or  orbitar  fossa  or  cavities, 
conchi,  Koyxoi,  are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
face,  and  are  composed  of  seven  bones,  viz. : — 
the  frontal,  above;  the  palate  and  stiperior  m.axil- 
lary,  below  ;  the  sphenoid  nnd  malar,  externally; 
and  the  ethmoid  and  lachrymal,  internally.  The 
orbit  is  filled  by  the  globe  of  the  eye,  with  its 
different  accessory  parts  —  muscles,  nerres,  ves- 
sels, the  lachrymal  gland,  Ac.  Its  margin  is 
termed  margo  orbita'Us. 

ORBITA.  Orbit— 0.  Oculi,  Orbit. 

ORBITAL,  Orbitar — o.  Fissure,  inferior.  Sphe- 
noidal fissure  —  0.  Fissure,  superior.  Maxillary 
fissure. 

OR'BITAR,  Orbila'rius,  Orbita'Us,  Or'bital, 
(F.)  Orbitaire.  Same  etymon.  Relating  or  be- 
longing to  the  orbit. 

Orbitar  Apoph'yses  or  Proc"esses  terminate 
the  two  extremities  of  the  orbitar  arch.  The  ex- 
ternal is  much  more  prominent,  and  is  articulated 
with  the  cheek-bone  ;  the  internal  is  thinner,  and 
joins  the  os  unguis. 

Orbitar  Arch,  (F.)  Arcade  orbitaire,  is  the 
projecting,  round  margin,  which  separates  the 
frontal  and  orbitar  surfaces  of  the  os  frontis,  and 
forms  a  part  of  the  circumference  of  the  orbit. 

Or'bitar  Fissures,  (F.)  Fentes  orbitairea. 
These  are  situate  in  the  orbit.  They  are  two  in 
number:  one  superior,  the  Sphenoidal;  the  other 
inferior,  the  Spheno-maxillary. 

Orbitar  Foram'ina.  Of  these  there  are  seve- 
ral : — 1.  The  Foramen  orbitarium  aupe'rius,  (F.) 
Trou  orbitaire  superieur,  which  is  situate  at  the 
junction  of  the  inner  third  of  the  orbitar  arch 
with  its  two  outer  thirds,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  frontal  nerve.  2.  The  Foram'ina  orbita'ria 
inierio'ra    seu   inter'na,    Foram'ina   Ethmo'idea, 


ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLM  0  TICIEN     6  5  9 


ORGANIZABLE 


These  are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the  inter- 
nal paries  of  the  orbit,  are  formed  by  the  union 
of  two  notches  of  the  os  frontis  with  two  similar 
ones  of  the  ethmoid;  and  are  distinguished  into 
anterior  ?kVi^  posterior.  The  former  gives  passage 
to  the  ethmoidal  filament  of  the  nasal  nerve  and 
to  a  small  artery. 

Orbitar  Nerve,  Nervus  orhita'lis  seu  orbita'- 
rins  seu  suhctita'neus  malcB,  is  a  branch  given  off 
from  the  superior  maxillary.  It  enters  the  orbit 
by  the  spheno-maxillary  fissure,  and  divides  into 
two  filaments;  the  one  —  malar — which  passes 
over  the  cheek-bone,  is  distributed  to  the  orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum,  and  anastomoses  with  the  fa- 
cial nerve;  the  other  —  temporal — which  passes 
to  the  temporal  fossae,  and  anastomoses  with  the 
inferior  maxillary  and  facial,  to  become  after- 
wards subcutaneous. 

Orbitar  Surface,  see  Maxillary  bone  (supe- 
rior). 

ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLEROTIOIEN,'Rectus 
externus  oculi  —  o.  Intiis- Scleroticien,  Rectus  in- 
ternus  oculi  —  o.  Ilaxillo-labial,  Levator  labii 
superioris  proprius  —  o.  Palpebral,  Levator  pal- 
pebrse  superioris — o.  Sus-paljjebral,  Levator  pal- 
pebrse  superioris. 

ORCANETTE,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

ORCHALGIA,  Orchidalgia. 

ORCHAS,  Scrotum. 

ORCHEI'TIS,  Osehi'tis,  Oschei'tis,  Inflamma'- 
tio  scroti,  from  opxast  '  the  scrotum,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
scrotum. 

Orcheitis,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHEOCATABASIS,  Orchidocatabasis. 

ORCHEOCELE,  Orchioeele. 

ORCHEOTOMY,  Castration. 

ORCHESTROMANIA,  Chorea. 

ORCHIDAL'GIA,  Orehal'gia,  OrcTiidodyn'ia, 
from  op)(i;,  op)(^iSo;,  'a  testicle,'  and  a\yos,  'pain.' 
Pain  of  the  testicle.  Neuralgia  of  the  testicle. 
Irritable  testicle.     A  form  of  neuralgia. 

ORCHIDATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  testic'uli, 
from  op')(^ii,  opxiSog,  'a  testicle,'  and  atrophia, 
'atrophy.'     Atrophy  or  wasting  of  the  testicle. 

ORCHIDITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 
_  ORCHIDOCARPUM  ARIETINUM,  see  Ca- 
rica  papaya. 

ORCRil>OCATAB'ASlS,Orckeocatab'asig,ne- 
scen'sus  testiculo'rum,  from  opxti,  opxtio;,  '  the  tes- 
tis, and  Kara^aai;,  'descent.'  The  descent  of  the 
testes  into  the  scrotum. 

ORCHID OCELE,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHIDODYNIA,  Orchidalgia. 

ORCHIDONCUS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHIDOTOMY,  Castration. 

ORCHILL,  Lichen  roccella. 

ORCHIOCE'LE,  Orcheoce'le,  from  opxti,  opxt- 
Sog,  '  the  testicle,'  and  ktjXti,  '  a  rupture.'  A  tu- 
mour of  the  testicle.  Scrotal  hernia.  Hernia 
humoralis.  A  name  given  to  several  diseases  of 
the  testicle  and  its  envelopes,  essentially  differing 
from  each  other. 

Orchioce'le  Scirrho'sa,  Scirrhoce'le.  A  ma- 
lignant tumour  of  the  testis. 

ORCHIS,  Testicle— 0.  Butterfly,  Orchis  bifolia. 

Orchis  Mas'cula,  Satyr'ion,  Testic'ulus  cani'- 
nus,  Oynosor'ehis,  Dogs'  stones,  Male  orchis,  Bal- 
loek-grass,  Male  Fools'  stones,  Twinroot.  Orel. 
Orchidacese.  This  root  had  a  place  in  some  phar- 
macopoeias, on  account  of  the  glutinous,  slimy 
juice  it  contains.  The  root  of  the  Orchis  bifo'lia 
or  Butterfly  orchis,  has  liliewise  been  collected. 
It  has  been  used  as  a  demulcent.  Its  fancied 
aphrodisiac  virtues  seem  to  be  owing  to  its  re- 
semblance to  opx';,  '  a  testicle,'  whence  its  name. 

Salep  is  obtained  from  this  variety  of  the  or- 
chis ;  —  and  from  the  Orchis  morio,  &c.  See 
Salep. 


Orchis,  Round-leaved,  Large,  Platanthera 
orbiculata. 

O/?^^//^^,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHOI.  see  Tarsus. 

ORCHOTOMIA,  Castration.  Also,  removal 
of  the  tarsi. 

ORDEAL  NUT— called  EeSre  by  the  natives 
of  Calabar — of  the  natural  family  Leguminosse, 
and  closely  resembling  a  Dolichos,  is  possessed 
of  virulent  aero-narcotic  properties. 

ORDEOLUM,  Hordeolum. 

ORDEUM,  Hordeum. 

ORDINAIRES,  Menses. 

ORDO  MEDICINALIS,  Police,  medical. 

ORBONNANCE,  Formula,  Prescription. 

OREILLE D'ANE,  Symphytum— o.  d' Homme, 
Asarum  —  o.  de  Souris,  Hieracium  pilosella —  o, 
d' Ours,  Primula  veris. 

OREILLETTE,  Asarum,  Auricle  of  the  heart. 

OREILLONS,  Parotis,  Cynanche  parotidsea. 

ORELIA  GRANDIFLORA,  Allamanda. 

ORELLANA,  see  Terra  Orleana. 

OREOSELINUM,  Athamanta  aureoselinum — 
0.  Africanum,  Bubon  galbanum  —  o.  Legitimum, 
Athamanta  aureoselinum — o.  Nigrum,  Athamanta 
aureoselinum. 

OREXIS,  Appetite,  Pyrosis — o.  Cynodes,  Bou- 
limia. 

ORGAN,  Or'ganum,  Or'ganon.  From  cpynv, 
'worli.'  'An  instrument.'  Part  of  an  organized 
being,  destined  to  exercise  some  particular  func- 
tion. Thus  —  the  eyes  are  organs  of  sight;  the 
muscles  are  organs  of  motion,  &c.  The  collec- 
tion of  organs,  which  concur  in  any  function,  is 
called  apparatus. 

Organ,  Mentha  pulegium. 

ORGANA  GENERATIONI  INSERVIEN- 
TIA.  Genital  organs  —  o.  Genitalia,  Genital  or- 
gans —  Sexualia,  Genital  organs — o.  Sudoripara, 
see  Perspiration  —  o.  Urogenitalia,  Urogenital 
organs. 

ORGANES  G^NITAUX,  Genital  organs. 

ORGAN'IC,  Organ'icus,  (P.)  Organique.  Re- 
lating to  an  organ  or  organs,  and  to  beings  pos- 
sessed of  organs.  Hence,  Organic  Functions 
are  those  possessed  by  both  animals  and  vege- 
tables. It  is  also  used  synonymously  with  vital, 
in  contradistinction  to  physical. 

Organic  Chemistry,  see  Chymistry. 

Organic  Diseases  or  Lesions  are  such  as 
concern  the  organ  itself,  in  contradistinction  to 
functional,  rat"ional,  or  dynam'ic,  which  merely 
concern  the  function.  Of  course,  organic  dis- 
eases of  a  part  are  always  more  serious  than 
functional. 

Organic  Nervous  System,  see  Trisplanchnic 
nerve. 

OR'GANICISM,  Organicism'ns,  from  opyavov, 
'an  organ.'  The  doctrine  of  the  localization  of 
disease,  or  which  refers  it  always  to  a  material 
lesion  of  an  organ.  A  modern  term,  but  not 
much  used. 

ORGANISATIO,  Organization. 

ORGANISATUS,  Organized. 

OR'GANISM.  Same  etymon  as  organ.  The 
living  economy.  Many  physiologists  have  used 
this  word  synonymously  with  organization ;  but 
more  especially  to  designate  the  aggregate  of 
vital  actions  in  organized  beings,  animals  as  well 
as  vegetables.  The  collection  of  parts  com- 
posing an  organized  body,  and  the  laws  which 
govern  it. 

ORGANIZABIL'ITY,  from  organisatio,  and 
habilis,  'suitable.'  Capability  of  organization  or 
of  being  formed  into  living  tissue.  Substances 
possessed  of  such  capability — as  fibrin — are  said 
to  be  organizable. 

ORGANIZABLE,  see  Organizability. 


ORGANIZATION 


660 


ORPIMENT 


ORGANIZA'TIO^N',  Orgnnisa'tio,  from  opyavoi,  ] 
'^an  organ.'     The  manner  of  structure  proper  to 
different  beings.     It  is  also  employed  in  the  sense 
of  the  structure  of  a  part;  as,  the  organization 
of  the  heart,  &c. 

Organization,  Coiipocnds  of.  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

OR'GANIZED,  Or'gnnis  inxtrue'tus,  Organi- 
sa'txis,  (F.)  Organise.  That  which  is  composed 
of  organs. 

Oksanized  Bodies,  (F.)  Corps  organises,  are 
those  endowed  with  life;  i.  e.  animals  and  vege- 
tables :  in  contradistinction  to  inorga.nic  bodies, 
which  comprise  the  mineral  kingdom.  See  Corpus. 
ORGANOCHEMIA,  Chymistry,  organic. 
ORGANOG"ENY,  Organogen'ia,  Organogen'- 
esis,  from  opyavov,  'an  organ,'  and  ytveais,  'gene- 
ration.' The  doctrine  of  the  formation  of  different 
organs. 

ORGANOG-NO'SIA,  from  ooyavov,  and  yvoxrtf, 
'knowledge.'  The  knowledge  and  discrimination 
of  organized  bodies. 

ORGANOG'RAPHY,     Org  anagraph' ia,     from 
ooyavov,  and  ypa<pr!,  'a  description.'    A  description 
of  the  organs  of  a  living  body. 
ORGANOLEPTIC,  Plastic. 
ORGANOLOGY,  Anatomy,  Craniology. 
ORGAXON  OLFACTUS,  Nasus. 
ORGANONOM'IA,  from    opyavov,    and   voijos, 
'  a  law.'     The  doctrine  of  the  laws   of  organic 
life. 

ORGANOZOOXOMIA,  Zoonomia. 
ORGANUM,  Instrument. 

ORGASM,  Orgas'mus,  Orgo'sis,  from  opyaoy, 
'  I  desire  ardently,'  'I  am  excited.'  OEstrua'tion. 
A  strong  impulse  or  desire  for  something.  State 
of  excitement  and  turgescence  of  any  organ  what- 
ever. Erethism.  Applied  particularly  to  the 
height  of  venereal  excitement  in  sexual  inter- 
course. 

ORGASMUS,  Turgescence. 
ORGAS'TICA.  Same  etymon.  The  second 
order  of  the  class  Genetica  of  Good.  Defined  : 
diseases  affecting  the  orgasm  ;  organic  or  consti- 
tutional infirmity  disordering  the  power  or  the 
desire  of  procreating. 
ORGE,  Rage. 

ORGE,  Hordeum — o.  Perle,  see  Hordeum. 
ORGEAT,  Svrupus  amygdalae. 
ORGELET.  Hordeolum. 
0  RGB  OLE  T,  Hordeolum. 
ORGOSIS,  Orgasm. 
ORICHALCUM,  Brass. 
ORICULAR,  Auricular. 
ORIGULE,  Auricle,  Pavilion  of  the  ear. 
ORIFICIUM,  Mouth — o.  Dextrum  Ventriculi, 
Pylorus  —  0.  Uteri,  Os  uteri  —  o.  Uterinum,  see 
Uterus  —  0.  Vaginale,  see  Uterus  —  o.  Ventriculi 
Sinistrum,  Cardia. 

ORIG'ANUM,  0.  vulga're  seu  heracleot'icum, 
{Optyavov,  from  opoi,  'a  mountain,'  and  yavo;,  '  de- 
light.') Cani'la  bu'hnln,  Majora'na  mancura'na, 
Zazarhen'di  herba.  Wild  or  Common  marjoram, 
Mancura'na,  (F.)  Pied  de  lit.  Ord.  Labiatae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Gymnospermia.  This  plant 
resembles  marjoram  in  smell;  and  has  a  pungent 
taste,  much  like  thyme.  It  is  aromatic  and 
stimulant ;  and  its  oil  possesses  the  properties  of 
the  essential  oils  in  general.  The  oil.  Oleum  ori- 
gani  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  very  pungent,  and  is  rarely 
given  internally.     It  Is  used  ia  toothache. 

Origanum  Aqitaticum,  Eupatorium  cannabi- 
num — 0.  Creticum,  0.  dictamnus. 

Origanum  Dictam'nus,  0.  Cret'icum,  Dictam'- 
1IUS  Cret'icus,  Amar'acus  tomenlo'sns,  Oni'tis, 
Bitt'any  of  Crete,  (F.)  Dictamne  de  Crete.  The 
leaves  of  this  plant  were  once  recommended  as 
etnmenagogue  and  alexipharmic. 


Origanum  Heracleoticum,  Origanum. 
Origanum  Majora'na,  0.  majoranoV des,  Ma- 
jorana,  M.  horten'sis.  Sweet  mar'joram,  Snmp'- 
nuois,  Agriorig'anum,  Amar'acus,  (F.)  3Jarjo- 
laine.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  fragrant;  taste 
aromatic  and  bitterish.  Its  properties  are  those 
of  a  stomachic  and  errhine.  It  is  chiefly  used, 
however,  for  culinary  purposes,  and  as  a  snuff  in 
headache. 

Origanum  Striacum,  Teucrium  marum. 
ORIGINAIRE  (F.),  from  origo.  originis,  'ori- 
gin.' This  term  has  been  used,  by  French  wri- 
ters, in  the  same  sense  as  congenital.  It  is  par- 
ticularly applied  to  affections  depending  upon 
faulty  conformation,  or  to  faulty  conformation 
itself. 

ORIGO,  Arche. 
ORISMOLOGY,  Terminology. 
ORLEANA,  see  Terra  Orleana. 
ORME,  Appetite. 

ORJfE,  Ulmus — o.  Champ^tre,  Ulmus — o.  Py- 
ramidale,  Ulmus. 
0R3fEAU,  Ulmus. 

ORMSKIRK  MED'ICINE.  A  celebrated  an- 
tylissie  remedy,  supposed  to  consist  of  Pulv.  Gre- 
ta., ^ss  ;  Bol.  Armen.  ^iij  ;  Alumin.  gr.  x;  Pulv. 
Inula,  ^j  ;    01.  Anisi,  gtt.  vj. 

This  is  taken  for  a  dose  every  morning  for  six 
times,  in  a  glass  of  water,  with  a  small  proportion 
of  fresh  milk. 

ORNAMENTUM  FOLIACEUM,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

ORNITHOG'ALUM  ALTIS'SIMUM.  (Opvi- 
5oya\ov,  a  fanciful  name,  from  opvn,  opviSus,  '  a 
bird,'  and  yaXa,  'milk.')  A  South  African  plant, 
Ifat.  Ord.  Asphodeleae,  the  fleshy  bulb  of  which 
is  diuretic.  An  oxymel  is  prepared  of  it,  which 
is  given  in  catarrh,  asthma,  phthisis,  and  hydro- 
thorax.  It  resembles  squill  in  its  medical  pro- 
perties. 

Ornithogalum  Maeitimuit,  Scilla — o.  Squilla, 
Scilla. 

ORNITHOGLOSSA,  see  Prasinus  excelsior. 
ORNUS  EUROP^A,  see  Fraxinus  ornus— o. 
Mannifera,    Fraxinus    ornus  —  o.    Rotundifolia, 
Fraxinus  ornus  —  o.  Sylvestris,  Fraxinus  excel- 
sior. 

OROBAN'CHE  VIRGINIA'NA,  (opo[3ayxv, 
from  opofSos,  'the  orobus,'  and  ayx<^,  'I  strangle.') 
Epiphe'guH  seu  Epifa'gus  America' nus  seu  Virgi- 
nia'nus,  Virgin' ia  broom-rape,  Beech-drnps,  Can- 
cer-root. Family,  Orobanchoideae.  This  para- 
sitic plant  is  astringent,  and  a  peculiar  and  ex- 
tremely nauseous  bitter.  It  is  most  powerful 
when  fresh.  It  has  been  used  in  dysentery;  and, 
externally,  to  obstinate  ulcers. 

Oroban'che  America'na,  and  0.  Uniflo'ra, 
have  the  same  properties,  and  are,  likewise,  called 
Cancer-root,  Earth-club,  and  Clajncort, 
OROBE,  Ervum  ervilia. 
OROBION,  see  Ervum  ervilia, 
OROBOI'DES,  from  opo^o^,  'the  orobus,'  and 
£i5of,   'form.'     Orobo'des.     Having  the  shape  of 
the  orobus.     A  name  given  to  urine,  Urina  oro- 
bo'des seu  orobo'i' des,  Vfhen  depositing  a  substance 
of  a  fawn  colour,  like  the  meal  of  the  orobus. 
OROBUS,  Ervum  ervilia — o.  Faba,  Vicia  faba. 
ORONGE,  see  Agaric. 

OROPHALL'US,  from  opo^.  or  oppo?,  'the 
rump,'  and  <f)aX>.os,  'the  male  organ.'  A  monster 
having  a  second  male  organ  originating  from  the 
rump. —  QurlL 

OROS,  Groupion,  Serum. 

OR'PIMENT,  Auripigmen'tnm,  Orpin,  Risi- 
gal'lum,  Rissigallnm,  Cloanx,  Elome,  Sira,  Lemp- 
nias,  Spec'idtim  cit'rinum,  Yrides,  Yride.  The 
native  yellow  sulphuret  of  arsenic.  It  is  poison- 
ous, but  less  so  than  the  oxide.  It  is,  also,  called 
Adarigo,  Adarnech,  Ahusal,  Althanacha,  Azarnet. 


ORPIN 


661 


OS 


The  Turks  prepare  a  depilatory  with  it,  which 
they'call  Rusma. 

ORPIN,  Orpiment — .o.  BrUlant,  Sedum  —  o. 
Grand,  Seduin  telephium  —  o.  Eeprise,  Sedum 
telephium. 

ORPINE,  Sedum  telephium. 

ORRHOCHEZIA,  Diarrhoea,  serous. 

ORRHOCYST'IS,  from  oppos,  'serum,'  and 
Kvaris,  'a  bladder.'  Aa  encysted  tumour  con- 
taining a  serous  fluid. 

ORRHOHYMENITIS,  Hydrohymenitis. 

ORRHOPYG'iON.  The  inferior  extremity  of 
the  vertebral  column  ;  from  opo?,  'extremity,'  and 
TTvyri,  'the  nates.'  The  os  coceygis.  Also,  the 
raphe,  extending  from  the  penis  to  the  anus,  and 
separating  the  scrotum  into  two  parts. 

ORRHORRHCE'A,  from  oppo?,  'serum,'  and 
/)£&),  'I  flow.'  A  morbidly  increased  secretion  of 
a  serous  fluid. 

ORRHOS,  Croupion,  Serum. 

ORE-IS,  Iris  Elorentina —  o.  Common,  Iris 
Germanica. 

OJiSEILLE,  Lichen  roccella. 

ORTEIL,  Digitus  pedis. 

ORTHOCO'LUM,  from  opBo?,  'straight,'  and 
KiiiXov,  'limb.'  StiS"ness  of  the  limb,  so  that  it  is 
kept  quite  straisht. 

ORTHODON'TIA,  from  oo^ng,  'straight,  right,' 
and  0(5ai)5,  oiSoiTo;,  'atopth.'  The  part  of  dentistry 
which  is  concerned  in  the  treatment  of  irregularity 
of  the  teeth. 

ORTHODO'RON.  A  measure  with  the  Greeks, 
equal  to  eleven  finsrer-breadths. 

ORTHOG'NA^THOUS,  from  opBog,  ' right, 
straight,'  and  yvaQog,  'jaw.'  Having  a  vertical 
jaw.  A  term  applied  to  the  form  of  head  in 
which  the  facial  angle  approaches  the  right 
angle. 

ORTHOMORPHIA,  Orthonsedia. 

ORTHOMORPHOSIS,  Orthopadia. 

ORTHONTROPIA,  Orthopasdia. 

ORTIIOPiEDI'A,  Orthopm'dice,  Orthnmor'phia, 
Ortlio niorpho' si s ,  Orthontroji'ia,  Oi'tlwpe'dics,  from 
op-Joj,  'right,'  and  uatj,  jraiSu;,  'a  child.'  The 
part  of  medicine  whose  object  is  to  prevent  and 
correct  deformity  in  the  bodies  of  children.  Often 
used,  however,  with  a  more  e-xtensive  significa- 
tion, toembrace  the  correction  or  prevention  of 
deformities  at  all  ages.  Orthosomnt'ics,  Orfhoso- 
mat'ice,  from  upOa;,  'right,'  and  cwpa,  'body,'  has 
been  proposed  as  a  preferable  term. 

ORTHOPE'DIC,0;?Ao/)(B'rf(C((s;  same  etymon. 
Relating  to  orthopgedia, —  as  Orthopedic  Institu- 
tion, Institu'tnra  orthopce'dieum  seu  orthopca'dium: 
an  institution  for  the  correction  or  prevention  of 
deformities  in  children. 

ORTHOPEDICS,  Orthopajdia. 

ORTHOPE'DIST,  Ortho'ter,  OrthopcB'dicus. 
Same  etymon.     One  who  practises  orthopasdia. 

ORTHOPHO'NIA,  from  opdo;,  'right,'  and 
(puivij.  'voice.'     A  good  pronunciation. 

ORTHOPHREN'IC,  Orthophren'icw>,  from 
opdoq,  'right,'  and  <ppriv,  'mind.'  Relating  to 
sounil  mind,  and  to  the  care  of  insanity. 

ORTHOPNCE'A,  Suffoca'tio,  Stranr,ida'tio, 
Prce/oca'tio,  Pnix,  Pnigmus,  Euthyp'noe,  Eu- 
thypnce'a,  Angor,  Apnoe'a,  from  op$rog,  'right,' 
'  straight,'  and  -ve<ii,  '  I  respire.'  Impracticability 
of  breathing  in  the  horizontal  posture.  Necessity 
of  being  in  the  erect  posture,  in  order  to  respire. 

Orthopncea  Cardiaca,  Angina  Pectoris  —  o. 
Convulsiva,  Asthma  —  o.  Cynanchica,  Cynanche 
trachealis — o.  Hydrothoraciea,  Hydrothorax — o. 
Hysterica,  Angone — o.  Pituitosa,  Mycorthopnoea 
■ — o.  Tussiculosa,  Pertussis. 

ORTHOSOMATICE,  Orthopaedia. 
OR  THOSOMA  TLQ  UE,  Orthopa;dia. 

ORTHOTER,  Orthopedist. 

ORTHYSTEROPTOMA,  Prolapsus  uteri. 


ORTHYSTEROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

ORTIE,  Urtica — o.  Blanche,  Lamium  album — 
o.  Bruiante,  Urtica  urens  —  o.  Morte,  Lamium 
album — o.  3Iorte  des  Bois,  Galeopsis — o.  Romaine, 
Urtica  pilulifera. 

ORTYX,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

ORUS,  Croupion,  Serum. 

OR  VALE,  Salvia  sclarea. 

ORVIETA'NUM.  From  the  Italian  Orvie- 
tano.  An  electuary  regarded  as  an  invaluable 
antidote,  and  composed  of  Old  theriac,  Dried  vi- 
pers,  Scorzonera,  Carlina,  Imperatorium,  Angel- 
ica, Bistort,  Rosemary,  Juniper,  Cinnamon,  Cloves, 
Mace,  Honey,  and  a  crowd  of  other  substances. 
Its  medical  properties  resembled,  in  some  re- 
spects, those  of  the  theriac.  It  was  so  called, 
according  to  some,  because  invented  by  Orvietano, 
a  celebrated  charlatan  ;  or,  according  to  others, 
from  Orvieto,  a  town  in  Italy. 

ORY'ZA,  Optica,  Ory'za  sati'va.  Rice,  (F.)  Riz. 
Family,  Graminea.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Mono- 
gynia.  A  plant,  almost  aquatic,  and  indigenous 
in  China,  one  of  the  richest  productions  of  Egypt, 
and  which  prospers  in  the  warmer  regions  of  the 
four  quarters  of  the  globe.  The  grain  inclosed 
in  the  husk  is  called  by  the  Malays  Paddy,  Padi, 
or  Paddie ;  when  deprived  of  the  husk.  Bras, 
and  when  boiled.  Nasi.  Its  amylaceous  seeds, 
Ory'za,  Ory'zum,  Hordeum  galac'ticum,  nourish 
more  men  than  those  of  wheat  and  rye  together. 
Besides  being  alimentary,  they  are  demulcent 
and  emollient.  Gardiner's  alimentary  2)repara- 
tion  is  very  finely  ground  rice-meal. 

Ilucilage  of  Rice,  Rice  water,  may  be  formed 
by  taking  one  ounce  of  rice,  and,  having  washed 
it,  macerating  it  for  three  hours  in  a  quart  of 
tepid  soft  water,  in  a  pan  placed  upon  a  stove ; 
then  boiling  the  whole  slowly  for  another  hour, 
and  straining  through  a  sieve. 

It  may  be  sweetened  and  acidulated,  or  be 
prepared  with  milk,  like  arrow-root,  and  be  used 
as  a  demulcent. 

Rice  Jelly  is  made  by  macerating  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  clean  rice  in  as  much  xoater  as  will 
cover  it;  boiling  slowly,  adding  water  as  it  evap- 
orates, until  the  rice  is  reduced  to  a  pap,  sweet- 
ening and  flavouring  with  lemon-juice  or  vanilla, 
and  passing  through  a  fine  sieve  into  a  form  or 
mould.  It  may  be  eaten  alone  or  with  milk  ;  and 
is  a  good  dietetic  preparation  for  those  of  weak 
digestive  powers. 

Ground  rice.  Take  a  tablespoonful  of  ground 
rice,  a  pint  and  a  half  of  milk,  and  half  an  ounce 
oi  candied  lemon-peel.  Ptub  the  rice  smooth  with 
the  milk  :  then  add  the  lemon-peel  cut  into  small 
pieces;  boil  for  half  an  hour,  and  strain  whilst 
the  milk  is  hot.  It  is  used  in  the  same  cases  as 
rice  jelly. 

OS,  Bone,  Mouth,  see  Ossiculum — o.  Acromii, 
Acromion — o.  Adjutorium,  Humeri  os  —  o.  Alae- 
forme.    Sphenoid  —  o.   Alagas,   Coccyx,    Sacrum 

—  o.  Alatum,  Sphenoid  bone  —  o.  Amphideon, 
Os  uteri  —  o.  Anonyme,  Innominatum  os  —  o. 
Anonymum,  Innominatum  os  —  o.  Anticum, 
Avant  bouche  —  o.  Arcuale,  Temporal  bone  —  o. 
Armale,  Temporal  bone — o.  Asser,  Sternum — 
o.  de  I'Assiette,   Ischion  —  o.  Azygos,   Sphenoid 

—  o.  Ballistse,  Astragalus  —  o.  Basilare,  Occi- 
pital bone.  Palate  bone,  Sacrum,  Sphenoid  —  o. 
Baxillare,  Sphenoid — o.  Bicorne,  Hyoides  os — o. 
Brachiale,  Humeri  os — o.  Brachii,  Humeri  os — o. 
Calcis,  Calcaneum — o.  Capitatum,  Magnum  os — 
o.  Caudae,  Occipital  bone — o.  Clunium,  Sacrum — 
o.  Coceygis,  Coccyx — o.  Colatorii,  Sphenoid  bone 

—  o.  Colatorium,  Ethmoid  bone  —  o.  Coliforme, 
Ethmoid  —  o.  Convolutum  superius.  Turbinated 
bone,  middle  —  o.-Coronale,  Frontal  bone  —  o. 
Coxae,  Innominatum  os — o.  Coxal,  Innominatum 
os,  Ischion  —  o.   Cribleux,   Ethmoid  —  o.  Cribri- 


OS  CROTAPHALE 


662 


OSCHONCUS 


forme.  Ethmoid  —  o.  Cribrosum,  Ethmoid  —  o. 
Cristatum,  Ethmoid — o.  Crochu,  Os  unciforme. 

OS  CROTAPHALE.  A  name  given  by  M. 
Beclard  to  a  bone  sometimes  met  with  at  the  an- 
terior and  inferior  angle  of  the  parietal  bone;  from 
Kporatpos,  'the  temple.' 

Os  Crotaphiticum,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Cubi- 
cum,  Ethmoid  bone  —  o.  ad  Cubitale,  Radius  — 
0.  Cubiti  Inferius,  Ulna  —  o.  de  la  Cuisse,  Femur 

—  0.  Cuneiforme,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Cuneo  compara- 
tum,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Cymbiforme,  Scaphoid  bone 

—  0.  Disciforme,  Patella  —  o.  Durum,  Temporal 
bone  —  o.  Ensiforme,  Sternum. 

OS  EPAGTALE.  A  name  given  to  one  of  the 
ossa  Wormiana ;  particularly  to  one  met  with  in 
the  posterior  fontauelle,  and  which  has  been  de- 
scribed by  G.  Fischer,  under  the  name  On  Epac- 
tale  seu  Goethia'num. 

OS  EPAGTAUX,  Wormiana  ossa. 

Os  Externum.  The  entrance  into  the  vagina, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  Os  inter'num  or  Os  u'teri. 

Os  Extra  Ordinem  Carpi,  Os  pisiforme  —  o- 
Femoris,  Femur — o.  Fibrosum,  Occipital  bone  — 
o.  Foraminulentum,  Ethmoid  —  o.  Frontis,  Fron- 
tal bone  —  0.  GenaB,  Malae  os  —  o.  Gladioli,  Ster- 
num— o.  Grand,  Magnum  os — o.  Grand,  col  du, 
Collum  ossis  magni — o.  Grandinosum,  Cuboid — o. 
Gutturis,  Hyoides  os — o.  Hamatum,  Os  unciforme 

—  o.  Hors  du  rang,  Os  pisiforme  —  o.  Hypopium, 
Malae  os — o.  Hypseloides,  Hyoides  os — o.  Incon- 
jugatum,  Sphenoid — o.  Incudi  similis,  Incus — o. 
Inferius  ventriculi,  Pylorus  —  o.  Innomine,  Inno- 
minatum  os  —  o.  Intercales,  Wormiana  ossa — o. 
Internum,  see  Uterus — o.  Inverecundum,  Frontal 
bone — 0.  Ischii,  Ischion — o.  Interparietale,  Inter- 
parietal bone — 0.  Jugale,  Malae  os — o.  Jugamen- 
tum,  MalEE  OS — o.  Juguli,  Clavicle — o.  Lacrymale, 
Unguis  OS — 0.  Lambda,  Occipital  bone— o.  Lamb- 
doides,  Hyoides  os,  Occipital  bone — o.  Lapideum, 
Temporal  bone  —  o.  Lapidosum,  Temporal  bone 
— 0.  Latum,  Sacrum — o.  Latum  humeri,  Scapula, 
— 0.  Lenticulare,  Os  orbiculare,  Os  pisiforme — o. 
Lepidoides,  Temporal  bone — o.  Linguse,  Hyoides 
OS — o.  Linguale,  Hyoides  os — o.  Lithoides,  Tem- 
poral bone  —  0.  Magnum,  neck  of  the,  Collum 
ossis  magni  —  o.  il/aZaiVe,  Malae  os  —  o.  Malare, 
Malae  os  —  o.  Maxillae  superioris  undecimum. 
Vomer — o.  3Iaxillaire  inferieure,  Collum  mandi- 
bulae — 0.  Memento  mori.  Temporal  bone — o.  Me- 
moriae, Occipital  bone  —  o.  Mendosum,  Temporal 
bone  —  o.  Morsus  Adami,  Thyroid  cartilage  —  o. 
Mucronatum,  Xiphoid  cartilage — o.  Multangulum 
majus.  Trapezium  os  —  o.  Multangulum  minus, 
Trapezoides  os  —  o.  Multiforme,  Ethmoid,  Sphe- 
noid— o.  Nasaxix,  Nasal  bones — o.  Naviculare,  Os 
scaphoides — o.  Nervale,  Temporal  bone — o.  Ner- 
vosum, Occipital  bone — o.  Occipiti,  Occipital  bone 
— 0.  Orbiculare,  Os  pisiforme — o.  du  Palais,  Pa- 
late bone  —  0.  Palati,  Palate  bone  —  o.  Palatin, 
Palate  bone  —  o.  Papillare,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Parie- 
tale  inferius,  Temporal  bone — o.  Paxillare,  Sphe- 
noid—  o.  Pectinis,  Pubis,  os  —  o.  Pectoris,  Ster- 
num—  0.  Pelvi-cephalicum,  Occipital  bone  —  o. 
Pelvis  laterale,  Innominatum  os  —  o.  Perone,  Fi- 
bula— 0.  Petrosum,  Temporal  bone — o.  Polymor- 
phon,  Sphenoid — o.  de  la  Pommette,  Malae  os — o. 
Posterum,  Pharynx — o.  Prseruptse  rupi  assimila- 
tum,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Procubitale,  Ulna  —  o. 
Propres  dn  nez,  Nasal  bones  —  o.  Prorje,  Frontal 

.  bone,  Occipital  bone — o.  Pterygoideum,  Sphenoid 
— o.  Pudicum,  Malae  os — o.  Puppis,  Frontal  bone, 
Occipital  bone — o.  Pyramidale  carpi,  Trapezoides 
os — o.  Pyxidis,  Occipital  bone — o.  Rationis,  Fron- 
tal bone — o.  du  Raynn,  Radius  —  o.  Sacrum,  Sa- 
crum— 0.  Saxeum,  Temporal  bone — o.  Scutiforme, 
Patella — o.  de  Seche,  Sepia — ^o.  Sedentarium,  see 
Ischiatic — o.  Semilunars,  Lunare  os — o.  Sextum 
cranii,  Occipital  bone  —  o.  du  Sincijmt,  Parietal 


bones,  see  Sinciput  —  o.  Sous-ethmo'idal,  Turbi- 
nated bone,  inferior — o.  Spheno-basilare,  Occi- 
pital bone — o.  Sphecoideum,  Sphenoid — o.  Sphe- 
noidale, Sphenoid — o.  Sphenoides,  Sphenoid — o. 
Spongiosum,  Ethmoid  —  o.  Spongiosum  inferius. 
Turbinated  bone,  inferior  —  o.  Spongiosum  me- 
dium. Turbinated  bone,  middle  —  o.  Spongiosum 
superius.  Turbinated  bone,  middle,  Turbinated 
bone,  superior — o.  Spongoides,  Ethmoid  —  o. 
Squamosum,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Suboculare, 
Malae  os — o.  Sunnaneraires,  Wormiana  ossa — o. 
Susmaxillaire,  Maxillary  (superior)  bone  —  o. 
Sylvii,  Os  orbiculare — o.  Syncipitis,  Frontal  bone 
—  o.  Temporis,  Temporal  bone — o.  Tesserse,  As- 
tragalus, Cuboid — 0.  Thyreoides,Patella — o.  Tibiae 
minus.  Fibula — o.  Tincae,  Os  uteri-^o.  Triangn- 
laires,  Wormiana  ossa — o.  Turbinatum,  Turbi- 
nated bone,  middle — o.  Turbinatum  inferius,  Tur- 
binated bone,  inferior  —  o.  Uneinatum,  Os  unci- 
forme —  o.  Upsiloides,  Hyoides  os. 

Os  U'teri,  Os  tinea  seu  inter'nnm  seu  am- 
phid'eon  seu  amphid'eum,  Protos'porus,  Os'cJieon, 
Hysteros'toma,  Os'cuhim  seu  oriJie"ium  u'teri, 
Hysterostoni'ium,  Hysteros'toma,  (F.)  iluseau  de 
Tanche.     The  mouth  of  the  womb,  see  Uterus. 

Os  Uteri  Externum,  see  Uterus — o.  Uteri  in- 
ternum, see  Uterus — o.  Varium,  Cuboid — o.  Ves- 
piforme,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Vomeris,  Vomer — o. 
Wormiens,  Wormiana  ossa — o.  Xiphoides,  Ster- 
num —  o.  Ypseloides,  Hyoides  os  —  o.  Zygomati- 
cum,  Malae  os. 

OSCEDO,  Yawning. 

OSCH^MATCEDE'MA,  OscTicp.mcede'ma, 
(Ede'ma  scroti  cruen'tum  ;  from  ois')(tov,  '  scrotum,' 
'aifjia,  'blood,'  and  oibrnia,  '  oedema.'  Effusion  of 
blood  into  the  scrotum. 

OSCH^MCEDEMA,  OschEematcedema. 
OSCHE,  Scrotum. 
OSCHEITIS,  Orcbeitis,  Oscbitis. 
OSCHEO  CARCINOMA,    Cancer,    chimney- 
sweepers'. _ 

OSCHEOCE'LB,  Oschoce'le,  Scroioee'le,  from 
oaxeov,  'the  scrotum,'  and  /o?A;?,  'tumour;'  Scro- 
tal hernia,  see  Bubonocele.  Sauvages  uses  os- 
cheocele in  the  sense  of  Dropsy  of  the  scrotum, 
see  Hydrocele. 

Oscheocele  AQuosa,  Hydroscheocele — o.  Fla- 
tulenta,  Physocele — o.  Hydatidosa,  Hydatidocele 
— 0.  (Edematica,  CEdematoscheocele — o.  Semina- 
lis.  Spermatocele — o.  Urinalis,  Urocele — o.  Vari- 
cosa.  Varicocele. 

OSGHEOCHALASIE,  from  oaxi^ov,  'the  scro- 
tum,' and  ;;^aAa(ris,  'relaxation.'     A    tumour  re- 
sulting from  hypertrophy  of  the   areolar  tissue 
of  the  scrotum,  and  the  excessive  extension  of 
the  skin  of  the  part, — an  affection  which  has  been 
confounded  with  sareocele. — Alibert. 
OSCHEON,  Scrotum,  Os  uteri. 
OSCHEON'CUS,     Oschon'cus,     Oscheophy'ma, 
Oschophy'ma,  from  oscheon,  and  oyKos,  '  a  tumour.' 
A  preternatural  swelling  of  the  scrotum. 
OSCHEOPHYMA,  Oscheoncus. 
OSCHEOPLAS'TIC,    Oscheoplas'ticns,  from 
oscheon,'  and  rrXaacu), '  I  form.'     An  epithet  given 
to  the  operation  for  restoring  the  scrotum  when 
lost.      Os'cheoplasty. 

OSCHEOPYCEDE'MA,  Oschopycede'ma,  (Ede'- 
ma scroti  purulen' turn.  Purulent  tumefaction  of 
the  scrotum. 

OSCHEUS.  Scrotum. 

OS'CHION.     The  raised  margin  of  the  os  uteri. 

According  to  some,an  excrescence  from  the  os  uteri. 

OSCEl'TIS,Orchei'tis,  Oschei'tis,  Inflamma'tio 

scroti,   from   oscheon,   and    itis,    '  inflammation.' 

Inflammation  of  the  scrotum. 

OSCHOCARCINOMA,  Cancer,  chimney, 
sweepers'. 

OSCHOCELE,  Oscheocele,  Scrotocele. 
OSCHONCUS,  Oscheoncus. 


OSCHOPHYMA 


663 


OSSICULA 


OSCHOPHYMA,  Oscheoncus. 

OSCHOPYCEDEMA,  Oscheopyoedema. 

OSCHURCEDB'MA;  from  oscheon,  ovpov, 
'  urine/  and  eiSri/ia,  '  oedema.'  (Edema  from  effu- 
sion of  urine  into  the  scrotum. 

OSCnUS,  Scrotum. 

OSCHYDRCEDE'MA,  from  oscheon,  'vSap, 
'  water,'  and  otiifia,  '  oedema.'  (Edema  scroti 
aqito'sum.     Watery  oedema  of  the  scrotum. 

OSCILLA'TIO,  Irritability,  Oscillation. 

OSCILLA'TION,  OsciUa'tio,-  from  oscillum, 
'an  image,  perhaps  of  Bacchus,  hung  on  ropes, 
and  swung  up  and  down  in  the  air.'  Vibration, 
Vihra'men,  Vihra'tio,  Vibra'tus.  Also,  a  partial 
rotatory  movement  of  the  eyeball  to  and  from  its 
antero-posterior  axis. 

OS'CITANT  (FEVER),  Febris  os'cifans,  (F.) 
Filvre  oscitante,  from  oscitare,  'to  yawn.'  A  ferer, 
in  which  the  patient  is  continually  yawning. 

OSCITATIO,  Yawning. 

OSCULATORIUS,  Orbicularis  oris. 

OSCULUM  UTERI,  Os  uteri. 

OSCUS,  Scrotum. 

OSEILLE,  Rumex  acetosus — o.  Boucher,  Ru- 
mex  scutatus  —  o.  Petite,  Rumex  scutatus  —  o. 
Ronde,  Rumex  scutatus  —  o.  Rouge,  Rumex  san- 
guineus. 

OSIER,  Salix  alba — o.  red,  Cornus  sericca. 

OS'MAZOME,  Os'mozome,  Osjnazo'ma,  Osiiio- 
eo'ma,  Os'mazone,  Zomod'mum,  fF.)  Ifatiere  ex- 
tractive da  Bouillon,  Extrait  de  viande ;  Extrac'- 
tive  or  Saponaceous  extract  of  meat ;  from  oaiir], 
'smell,'  and  i,wjiog,  'soup.'  M.  Thenard  gave 
this  name  to  an  extractive  matter,  contained  in 
muscular  flesh  and  in  the  blood  of  animals,  which 
he  considers  of  a  peculiar  nature.  It  has  an 
agreeable  smell  and  taste,  and  is  found  in  Bouil- 
lons of  meat,  in  the  proportion  of  one  part  to 
seven  of  gelatin.  Vauquelin  discovered  in  it 
some  fungi.  It  is  the  substance  which  gives  the 
flavour  of  meat  to  soups,  and  hence  its  name. 
It  is  a  mixture  of  different  erystallizable  and  un- 
crystallizable  principles  with  empyreumatic  pro- 
ducts. 

Osmazome  has  been  prescribed  in  the  dose  of 
^ss  to  3J.  in  broth  or  in  powder,  with  aromatics, 
as  a  stimulant  to  the  digestive  actions  and  a  re- 
storer of  appetite  in  convalescence.  An  Osma- 
zome choc'olate,  Ohocola'ta  cum  osmazo'ma,  has 
been  introduced  as  an  analeptic  article  of  diet. 
It  consists  of  chocolate  Ibj  to  osmazome  ^j. 

OSMB.  Odour. 

OSMESIS,  Olfaction. 

OSMIDRO'SIS,  from  oc/ni,  'odour,'  and  'tSpwg, 
'sweat.'     Perspiration  of  an  unusual  odour. 

OSMITOPS'IS  ASTERISCOii'DES,  Bellis. 
A  plant,  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  which,  from 
its  smell  and  taste,  seems  to  contain  camphor; 
hence  its  antispasmodic  virtues.  In  infusion,  it 
is  often  beneficially  employed  in  cough,  hoarse- 
ness, and  diseases  of  the  chest  generally,  and  is 
said  to  be  serviceable  in  flatulent  colic.  Infused 
in  spirit,  spir'itus  beU'idis,  it  has  been  used  suc- 
cessfully as  an  external  remedv  in  paralysis. 

OSMOMETRICUS  SENSUS,  Olfaction. 

OSMON'OSI,  Osmonu'si,  iTorbi  olfac'tits,  from 
oaur],  'odour,'  and  voao;,  'a  disease.'  Diseases  of 
olfaction. 

OSMONOSOLOG"IA,  from  atr/iJi, '  odour,'  vocog, 
'disease/  and  \oyoi,  'description.'  The  doctrine 
of,  or  a  treatise  on,  the  diseases  of  the  sense  of 
smell. 

OSMORRHI'ZA  LONGIS'TYLIS,  {o,y^n,  'a 
scent,'  and  pt^a,  'a  root,')  Sweet  Oic"ely.  An  in- 
aigenous  plant,  Order,  Umbelliferae,  which  flowers 
in  May  and  June.  It  is  an  agreeable  aromatic, 
having  much  of  the  flavour  of  anise. 

OSMOSE,  Osnio'sis ;  from  u(T//of,  'impulse.' 
The  action  by  which  fluids  are  impelled  through 


moist  membrane  and  other  porous  septa,  in  en- 
dosmotic  and  exosmotic  experiments. 

OSMOT'IC,  Osmot'icus,  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  osmose  ;  as  "  osmotic  force," 
the  force  which  induces  osmose. 

OSMOZOME,  Osmazome. 

OSMUND,  ROYAL,  Osmunda  regalis. 

OSMUN'DA  CINNAMO'MEA,  Cinnamon 
Fern.  Indigenous  ;  Order,  Filices ;  is  regarded 
to  be  demulcent,  subastringent,  and  tonic.  Boiled 
in  milk,  it  yields  a  fine  mucilage,  which  is  useful 
in  diarrhoea. 

Osmun'da  Rega'liS,  0.  spectab'ilis,  Filix 
Flor'ida,  Flow' ering  Fern,  Osmund-roynl.  This 
plant  was  once  thought  to  possess  astringent  and 
emmenagogue  virtues. 

Osmunda  Spbctabilis,  0.  regalis. 

OSORON,  Opium. 

OSPHRANTERICUS,  Olfactory. 

OSPHRANTICOS,  Olfactory 

OSPHRASIA,  Olfaction. 

OSPHRESIOL'OGY,  Osphrcsiolog"ia,  from 
oacpprjats,  'olfaction,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  olfaction  and  odours. 

OSPHRESIS,  Olfaction. 

OSPHRETICUS,  Olfactory. 

OSPHRIS'TICE,  from  oa^pncig,  'olfaction/ 
The  doctrine  of  the  phenomena  of  odours. 

OSPHYALGEMA,  Coxalgia. 

OSPHYALGIA,  Coxalgia. 

OSPHYARTHRITIS,  Osphyitis. 

OSPHYARTHROCACE,  Coxarum  morbus. 

OSPHYI'TIS,  Osphy'tis,  Osphyarthri'tis,  In- 
flamma'tio  coxa,  from  oiKjtvg,  'the  hip,'  and  itia, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  parts 
about  the  hip. 

OSPHYRRHEUMA,  Lumbago. 

OSPHYS,  Haunch,  Lumbi. 

OSPHYTIS,  Osphvitis. 

OSSA  BREGMATIS,  Parietal  bones— o.  Con- 
voluta  inferiora.  Turbinated  bones,  inferior — o. 
Digitorum  manfls,  Phalanges  of  the  fingers —  o. 
Digitorum  pedis.  Phalanges  of  the  toes — o.  Epac- 
talia,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o.  Maxillse  superioris 
quarta  seu  quinta  seu  secunda.  Nasal  bones  —  o. 
Nasalia,  Nasal  bones  —  o.  Nasi,  Nasal  bones  —  o. 
Nervalia,  Parietal  bones — o.  Pisiformia  lingualia, 
see  Hyoides,  os — o.  Raphogeminantia,  Wormiana 
ossa  —  0.  Sesamoidea,  Sesamoid  bones — o.  Sin- 
cipitis,  Parietal  bones — ^o.  Spongiosa,  Turbinated 
bones — o.  Suturarum,  Wormiana  ossa — o.  Tertia 
maxillae  superioris,  Turbinated  bones — o.  Tetra- 
gona,  Parietal  bones — o.  Triangularia,  Sphenoidal 
cornua  —  o.  Triangularia  Blasii,  Wormiana  ossa 
—  o.  Triquetra,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o.  Triticea,  see 
Hyoides,  os — o.  Turbinata,  Turbinated  bones — o. 
Verticalia,  Parietal  bones. 

OSSEINE,  Osteine. 

OSSELETS  DE  BERTIN,  Sphenoidalia cor- 
nua—  o.  de  V  Oreille,  Ossicula  auditfis — o.  de 
I'Ouie,  Ossicula  auditds — o.  du  Tympan,  Ossicula 
auditfts. 

OSSEOUS,  Os'seus,  Osto'des,  Osto'i'des,  Ostoid, 
(F.)  Osseux  ;  from  os,  '  a  bone.'  Bony,  Resem- 
bling bone. 

OSSICLES.  Ossicula,  see  Ossiculum. 

OSSICULA,  see  Ossiculum. 

Ossic'nLA  Audi'tus,  0.  Anris,  (F.)  Osselets  de 
I'oreille  ou  de  I'ouie  ou  du  tyvipan.  The  small 
bones  or  ossicles  situate  in  the  cavity  of  the  tym- 
panum, and  forming  an  uninterrupted  chain  from 
the  membrane  of  the  tympanum  to  that  of  the 
fenestra  ovalis.  They  are  four  in  number;  and 
their  series,  from  without  to  within,  is  as  fol- 
lows: 3Ialleus,  Incus,  Os  orbiculare,  Stapes. 

Ossicula  Bertini,  Sphenoidalia  cornua  —  o. 
Innominata,  Innominata  minora  ossa —  o.  Nasi, 
Nasal  bones — o.  Sesamoidea,  Sesamoid  bones — o. 
Triticea,  see  Hyoides,  os. 


OSSICULUM 


664 


OSTEO-SARCOMA 


OSSICULUM,  (plural  Ossic'uJa,)  Osta'rion, 
Os'sicle.  Diminutive  of  os,  oisis,  '  a  bone.'  A 
small  bone.     See  Os. 

Ossiculum  Cochleare,  Orbicular  bone  —  o. 
Incudi  Comparatum,  Incus  —  o.  Malleolo  assi- 
milatum,  Malleus  —  o.  Molari  denti  comparatum, 
Incus  —  0.  Orbiculare,  Orbicular  bone  —  o.  Quar- 
tum,  Orbicular  bone  —  o.  Squamosum,  Orbicular 
bone. 

OSSIFICA'TION,  Ossijiea'tw,  Ossifac'tio,  from 
OS,  'a  bone,'  and/acere,  'to  make.'  Osteogen'ia, 
Osteogen' csis,  Osteo'sis,  Osto'sis.  Formation  of 
bone.  Development  or  increase  of  the  osseous 
system.  Ossification  takes  place  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  nutrition  of  other  organs.  The 
bones  are,  at  first,  mucous,  and  afterwards  carti- 
laginous; the  cartilage,  at  length,  receives  the 
phosphate  of  lime,  and  is,  at  the  same  time,  re- 
placed by  a  gelatinous  parenchyma,  when  the 
bone  has  acquired  the  whole  of  its  development. 
Ossification,  Points  of,  Puncta  seu  Nu'clei 
onsificatio'nis,  Nu'clei  ossei,  are  the  points  where 
the  ossification  of  a  bone  commences,  whence  it 
extends  to  other  parts.  Almost  all  the  bones 
present  a  greater  or  less  number  of  points  of 
ossification.  Besides  the  natural  ossification, 
which  we  observe  in  the  foetus  and  in  the  first 
periods  of  life,  there  are  also  aeciden' tal  ossifica- 
tions, such  as  those  frequently  remarked  after 
the  inflammation  of  serous  membranes,  in  the 
parietes  of  arteries,  and  to  which  the  terms  Os- 
thex'ia,  Incrusta'tion  and  Petrifac'tion  have, 
sometimes,  been  applied. 
OSSIFRAGA,  Osteocolla. 
OSSTS  SACRI  ACUMEN,  Coccyx. 
OSSISANA,  Osteocolla. 

OSSIV'OROUS,  from  os,  ossis,  'a  bone,'  and 
voro,  'I  devour.'  A  species  of  tumour,  mentioned 
by  Ruysch,  which  destroys  bone. 

OS'TAG-RA,  Os'teagt-a,  from  otrreov,  'a  bone,' 
and  aypa,  'seizure.'  A  forceps  to  cut  or  remove 
portions  of  bone. 

OSTALGIA.  Osteocopus. 
OSTARIUiM,  Ossiculum. 
OSTARTHRTTIS,  Arthrophlogosis. 
OSTARTIIROCACE,  Spina  ventosa. 
OSTEAGRA.  Ostagra. 
OSTEALGIA,  Osteocopus. 
Or^TEIDE,  Osteoid. 

OS'TEI^E,  Osse(";ie,  from  ooTto!/,  'a  bone.'  The 
animal  matter  of  bone. 
OSTEITES,  Osteocolla. 

OSTEI'TIS,  Osti'tis,  from  oartov,  'a  bone,'  and 
itis.  Infiamma'tio  Ossis.  Inflammation  of  bone  ; 
characterized  by  violent  shooting  and  lancinating 
pains  in  a  bone. 

OSTEMPYE'SIS,  Osteempye'sis,  Ostempyo'sis. 
from  oartov,  'a  bone,'  and  cunvrjaig,  (sv,  and  nvov,) 
'  effusion  of  pus.'  An  abscess  in  the  interior  of  a 
bone. 

OSTEMPYOSIS,  Ostempyesis. 
OSTEOANABROSIS,  Osteonabrosis. 
OSTEOCE'LE.  from  ootmv,  'a  bone,'  and  ntjXtj, 
'n  tumour.'     A  hernia  in  which  the  sac  is  carti- 
laginous and  bony: — a  rare  case.     Also,  osseous 
induration  of  one  or  both  testicles. 
OSTEOCLASIS,  Fracture. 
OSTEOCOL'LA,    from   ootmv,    'a  bone,'   and 
KoX'Xa.   'glue.'      Glue-bone,  Stone  or  Bone  binder; 
Ossif'ragn,   Hnlos'tens,    Ossisa'na,     Ostri'tes,    Os- 
tei'tes,    Amos' tens.     Osteol'ithos,    Sfelochi'tes.       A 
name  given  to  petrified  carbonate  of  lime,  found 
in  some  parts  of  Germany  and  other  portions  of 
the  globe  ;    so    called,  because  it  has  been  sup- 
posed to  possess  the  power  of  favouring  the  for- 
mation of  callus  in  fractures.     It  is  the   Chanx 
cnrboiiatee    concretionnie   incrustante    of    Haiiy. 
Not  used. 

OSTEOCOPUS,    Osteal'gia,    Ostal'gia,   Osteo- 


di/n'ia,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,'  and  Kon-oy,  'fatigue.' 
Boneuch,  Bone-ague.  Pain  in  the  bones, — as  in 
sj'philis. 

OSTEOCYST'OID,  Osteocystoi'des,  from  o(jTeov, 
'a  bone,'  /cuorif,  'a  sack  or  cyst,'  and  ulos,  'ap- 
pearance.' A  morbid  growth  in  bone,  consisting 
of  the  formation  of  cysts  filled  with  puriform  or 
other  fluid. 

OSTEODENTINE,  see  Tooth. 
OSTEODYNIA,  Osteocopus. 
OSTEOGANGRiENA,  Necrosis. 
OSTEOGENIA,  Ossification. 
OSTEOG'RAPHY,  Osteogra'phia,  from  oartov, 
'a  bone,'  and  ypaiptiv,  'to  describe.'     Description 
of  the  bones.     The  part  of  anatomy  which  de- 
scribes the  bones. 

OSTEOHELCOSIS,  Caries. 
OS'TEOID,  Osteoi'des,  (F.)  Osteide,  from  oarzov, 
'bone,'  and   clIos,  'appearance.'     An  accidental 
bony  production,   or  more  frequently  a  morbid 
production,  which  is  a  calcareous  incrustation  of 
the  normal  tissue  or  of  fibrous  tumours. 
OSTEOLITHOS,  Osteocolla. 
OSTEOL'OGY,    Osteolog"ia,    from    oanov,    'a 
bone,'  and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse.'     The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  bones. 

OSTEOLYO'SIS,    from   oartov,  'a   bone,'  and 
Xufc),  '  I  dissolve.'    Necrosis  or  death  of  the  bone, 
as  in  hospital  gangrene,  in  which  the  dead  parts 
are  of  soft  consistence. 
OSTEOMA,  Exostosis. 

OSTEOMALACIA,  Mollities  ossium  — o.  In- 
fantum, Rachitis. 

OSTEOMALACOSIS.  Mollities  ossium. 
OSTEOMYELITIS,  Medullitis. 
OSTEON,  Bone— 0.  Hieron,  Sacrum. 
OSTEONABRO'SIS,  Osteoanabro'sis,  from 
oareov,  'a  bone,'  a  priv.,  and  Ppuai;,  'nutriment.' 
Atrophy  of  the  osseous  texture  marked  by  dimi- 
nution of  volume. 

OSTEON'CUS,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,'  and  oyKo;, 
'a  tumour.'     A  bony  tumour. 
OSTEONECROSIS,  Necrosis. 
OSTEON'OSL  Osteonu'si,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,' 
and  voaoq,  'a  disease.'     Mor'hi  os'sium.     Diseases 
of  the  bones. 

OSTEOPEDION,  Lithopffidion. 
OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,' 
TTa\iv,  'again,'  and  xXoffij,  'fracture.'    The  break- 
ing again  of  a  bone  which  has  united  unfavour- 
ably. 

OSTEOPHY'MA,  Osteoncus.  Sometimes  used 
in  the  sense  of  Exostosis.  By  Lobstein  applied 
to  bony  productions  originating  in  the  deep- 
seated  layers  of  the  periosteum,  in  the  vicinity 
of  a  carious  bone,  and  which  seem  to  be  intended ' 
to  obviate  the  weakness  resulting  from  the  de- 
struction of  the  bone. 

OSTEOPHYTE,  Exostosis. 
OSTEOPH'YTON,  Os'teophyte,  from  oareov,  'a 
bone,'  and  0ua),  'I  grow.'  Under  this  name, 
Rokitansky  describes  a  deposition  of  bony  matter, 
found  by  him  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  parietes 
of  the  skull  of  pregnant  women. 

OS'TEOPLASTY,  (F.)  Osteoplastie,fvoTa  oareov, 
'a  bone,' and  nXaaaeiv,  'to  form.'  An  operation 
by  which  the  total  or  partial  loss  of  a  bone  is 
remedied. 

OSTEOPLEU'RA,  Pleurosto'sis,  from  oareov, 
'a  bone,'  and  rrXmpov,  *a  rib.'  Ossification  of  the 
cartilages  of  the  ribs. 

OSTEOPORO'SIS,  Osteosclero'sis,  from  oareov, 
'a  bone,' and  Traipwirif,  'induration.'  Induration 
of  a  bone,  from  the  deposition  of  too  much  bony 
matter.  Also,  a  bony  degeneration,  which  con- 
sists in  too  great  porosity  with  hardening.  [?] 
OSTEOPSATHYROSIS,  Fragilitas  ossium. 
OSTEO-SARCO'MA,  Osteo-sarco'sis,  Sarcoato'. 
ais,  HcBTnatexoato'sia,  from  oareov, '  bone,'  and  o-cf  s< 


OSTEOSARCOSIS 


6  65 


OTITIS 


uafiKoi,  'flesh.'  Disease  of  the  bony  tissue,  which 
consists  in  softening  of  its  laminae,  and  their 
transformation  into  a  fleshy  substance,  analogous 
to  that  of  cancer;  accompanied  with  general 
symptoms  of  cancerous  affection.  The  word  has 
often,  also,  been  used  synonymously  with  spina 
ventosa. 

OSTEOSARCOSIS,  Osteosarcoma. 
OSTEOSCLEROSIS,  Osteoporosis. 

OSTEOSIS,  Ossification. 

OSTEO-STEATO'MA,  Exonto'sh  steatomato'- 
des,  from  oartov,  'a  bone,'  and  crtap,  crcaTOs,  'suet 
or  fat.'  A  name  given  to  bony  tumours  or  de- 
generations, which  sometimes  belong  to  osteo-sar- 
coma;  at  others,  to  spina  ventosa,  exostosis,  &c. 

OSTEOTOME ;  same  etymon  as  Osteotomy. 
A  bone  saw,  which  has  the  form  of  a  chain. — 
Nysten. 

OSTEOT'OMIST,  Osteotomis'ta.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.  An  instrument,  invented  by  Dr.  D. 
Davis,  for  cutting  the  bones  of  the  fogtal  cranium, 
where  it  becomes  necessary  to  greatly  reduce  the 
size  of  the  head  in  parturition. 

OSTEOT'OMY,  OHeotom'ia,  from  oartov,  '  2l 
bone,'  and  TtjjLveiv,  'to  cut,'  {roj.iri,  'an  incision.') 
The  part  of  practical  anatomy  whose  object  is  the 
dissection  of  bones. 

OSTEOTOPHUS,  Tophus. 

OSTEOTYLUS,  Callus. 

OSTEULCUM,  Bone-nippers. 

OSTEUM,  Bone. 

OSTHEXIA,  see  Ossification. 

OSTIARIUS,  Pylorus. 

OSTIOLUM,  diminutive  of  oartov,  'a  mouth 
or  opening.'     A  small  door  or  gate. 

OsTioLA  Cordis,  Yal'vxdce  cordis,  PelUc'uJm 
cordis.     The  valves  of  the  heart. 

OSTITIS,  Osteitis. 

OS'TIUM,  oareov,  Or{fic"ium,  a  door  or  gate, 

—  of  the  heart,  for  example.  The  opening  — 
Os'tiitm  atrioventricida're  seu  ventric'uli  veno'sum 

—  between  the  auricle  and  ventricle  of  each  side. 
Os'tium  ventric'uli  arferio'sum,  is  the  opening  at 
the  origin  of  the  pulmonary  artery  and  aorta. 

Ostium  Abdomixale,  see  Tube,  Fallopian  —  o. 
Arteriosum,  see  Ostium  —  o.  Atrioventriculare, 
see  Ostium — o.  Duodenale  ventriculi.  Pylorus — o. 
Internum,  see  Ostium  uteri  —  o.  (Esophageum, 
Cardia. 

Ostium  U'teri.  The  vulva;  the  vagina.  The 
term  Os'tium  inter'num  has  been  applied  to  the 
inferior  opening  of  the  uterus,  which  establishes 
a  free  communication  between  the  cavities  of  the 
body  and  neck,  and  which  is  often  obliterated  in 
old  women. — Cruveilhier.  The  neck  of  the  ute- 
rus :  the  mouth  of  the  uterus.     See  Uterus. 

Ostium  Uterinum,  see  Tube,  Fallopian — o. 
Venosum,  see  Ostium  —  o.  Ventriculi  Duodenale 
seu  Pyloricum  seu  Dextrum  seu  Inferius,  Pylorus. 

OSTODES,  Osseous. 

OSTOIDEA  SUBSTANTIA,  see  Tooth. 

OSTOID,  Osseous. 

OSTOMA,  Exostosis. 

OSTOSIS,  Ossification. 

OS'TREA,  Os'treum,  oarptov,  ocrrptiov,  Os'trea 
eda'lis,  (F.)  Huitre.  C/«ss,  Acephala.  The  oyster. 
The  oyster  is  a  wholesome  article  of  diet,  often 
advised  as  analeptic  and  easy  of  digestion. 

The  shells,  Test(B  Os'trece,  Testa  (Ph.  U.  'S.), 
(F.)  Eeailles  d'huttres,  have  been  received  into 
the  Pharmacopoeias,  and  used  medicinally.  Their 
virtues  are  similar  to  those  of  the  carbonate  of 
lime.     See  Creta. 

OSTREUM,  Ostrea. 

OSTRITES,  Osteoeolla. 

OSTRUTHIUM,  Imperatoria. 

OSWEGO  TEA,  Monarda  coccinea. 

OSYRIS,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

OTACOUST'IC,  Otacous'tieus,  from  ouj,  uiroj, 


'the  ear,'  and  aKovui,  '1  listen.'  Any  instrument 
is  so  called  which  improves  the  sense  of  hearing, 
— as  the  different  species  of  trumpets. 

OTAGRA,  Otalgia. 

OTAL'GIA,  Ot'agra,  Otod'yne,  Otal'gy,  (F.) 
Otalgie,  from  ovf,  urog,  'the  ear,'  and  nAyoj,  'pain.' 
Pain  in  the  ear  ;  Dvlor  au'rium,  S'pus'mus  au'- 
riitm,  Ear-ache.     See  Otitis. 

OTAL'GIC,  Olal'gicus,  (F.)  Olalgique.  An 
epithet  for  remedies  used  in  otalgia. 

OTECHUS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

OTEMPLAS'TBUM,  Otoplas'ta,  Otoplas'trum, 
from  ous,  otos,  and  efjur^aarpov,  '  a  plaster.  A  plas- 
ter put  behind  the  ears. 

OTEN'CHYTES,  Oten'chyta,  from  ous,  otos, 
tv,  'into,'  and  xvoi,  'I  pour.'  Sipho  auricula'ris. 
A  species  of  syringe,  used  for  injecting  the  ear. 

OTHBLCO'SIS,  from  ous,  otos,  and  'tX/cuffis, 
'ulceration.'  Ulceration  or  suppuration  of  the 
ear. 

OTHONE,  Linteum. 

OTHONION,  Linteum. 

OTHYGROTES,  Otirrhoea. 

OTIATER,  Aurist. 

OTIATRI'A,  Otiat'rice,  from  ous,  otos,  and 
tarpua,  'medicine.'  The  business  of  the  aurist. 
The  management  of  diseases  of  the  ear;  Aural 
Medicine  and  Surgery,  Ear  Surgery. 

OTIATKICE,  Otiatria. 

OTIATRUS,  Aurist. 

O'TIC,  O'ticus,  (F.)  Otique,  from  ous,  otos. 
Belonging  or  relating  to  the  ear.  A  medicine 
employed  in  diseases  of  the  ear. 

Otic  Ganglion,  Otogan'glimn,  Gnvg'lion  anri- 
cula're  seu  o'ticnm,  Aw-ic'ular  ganglion,  Ganglion 
of  Arnold,  (F.)  Ganglion  maxillo-tyw2Mnique. 
This  is  a  small  ganglion,  although  more  than 
double  the  size  of  the  ophthalmic,  ash-coloured 
and  pulpy  like  the  ganglions  of  the  sympathetic. 
It  is  situate  in  advance  of  the  ganglion  of  Gasser, 
on  the  lower  surface  of  the  inferior  maxillary 
nerve,  at  the  inner  margin  of  the  foramen  ovale 
of  the  sphenoid  bone.     See  Petrous  ganglion. 

OTIRRHCE'A,  Otorrhw'a,  Olhy'grotes,  B/enno- 
torrhoe'a,  (F.)  Catarrhe  de  I' Oreille,  from  ous, 
otos,  and  ptu,  'I  flow.'  Discharge  of  a  purulent 
or  puriform  liquid,  from  the  meatus  auditorius  ex- 
ternus,  Pyorrhoe'a  au'rium,  Ofopyorrhce'u,  Pya- 
otorrhoe'a,  Otorrlioe'a  purulen'ta.  It  is  a  symp- 
tom of  chronic  otitis.  Some  authors,  have,  in- 
deed, used  the  term  synonymously  with  chronic 
otitis.  When  it  extends  to  the  brain,  it  is  termed 
cer'ehral  otorrhoe'a ;  and  when  from  the  middle 
or  internal  ear,  it  is  termed  internal  otorrhuea, 
Otorrhoe'a  inter'na,  and  Entoforrhce/a. 

Otirrhcba  Cerebral,  see  Otirrhoea. 

OTITES,  see  Digitus. 

OTI'TIS,  Otophleg'jnone,  Empres'ina  otitis, 
Inflamma'tio  auris,  Inflammation  of  the- ear,  (F.) 
Otite,  Inflammation  de  Vore.ille,  from  ous,  otos, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  ear,  characterized 
by  excruciating  pain  ;  intolerable  humming  in 
the  ear,  with  a  discharge  of  mucus  generally  from 
the  meatus  externus  or  from  the  Eustachian 
tube.  When  the  inflammation  is  restricted  to 
the  lining  membrane  of  the  meatus,  it  is  termed 
otitis  catarrha'lis.  Otitis  is  divided  into  external 
and  internal,  according  as  it  afi'ects  the  meatus 
auditorius,  or  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum  or 
internal  ear.  It  may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Acute 
otitis  commonly  terminates  in  a  few  dnys  in  a 
favourable  manner,  with  the  aid  of  antipblogis- 
tics.  Chronic  otitis,  otirrhre'a,  is  nlnioi^t  always 
accompanied  by  a  purulent  discharge  from  the 
meatus  auditorius.  It  is  often  incurable,  and 
may  ultimately  give  occasion  to  disease  of  the 
internal  ear,  and  even  of  the  brain. 

Otitis  Catarrhalis,  see  Otitis. 


OTIUM 


OVIGEROUS 


O'TIUM,  Ota'rium,  from  o«s,  otos.  A  small 
ear.     The  auricle  or  pavilion  of  the  ear. 

OTOCEPH'ALtIS,  Mono'tia,    from   om,   otos, 
and  KCipaXv,  'head.'     A  monster,  whose  ears  are 
in  contact,  or  united  into  one. 
OTOCONIES,  see  Otolithi. 
OTODYNB,  Otalgia. 
OTOGLYPHIS,  Earpiek. 
OTOGLYPHUM,  Earpiek. 
OTOG'RAPHY,    Otoyra'pMa,  from  ous,  otos, 
and  Ypaipr),  '  a  description.'    The  part  of  anatomy 
which  describes  the  ear. 

OT'OLITHS,  OtoVitU,  0'toUtea,{Y.)  Otolithes, 
from  ous,  otos,  and  Xi0o;,  '  a  stone.'  White  cal- 
careous substances  contained  in  the  membranous 
vestibule,  and  seeming  to  be  suspended  in  the 
fluid  of  the  vestibule  by  means  of  a  number  of 
nervous  filaments  proceeding  from  the  auditory 
nerve.  Their  universal  presence  in  the  ear  of 
the  mammalia  would  seem  to  show  that  they  are 
inservient  to  audition.  AVhen  of  a  looser  con- 
sistence, they  are  called  Otoeon'ia,  (F.)  Otoconies, 
from  ovs,  (i)ros,  '  the  ear,'  and  Kovia,  '  dust.' 

OTOL'OGY,  Otolog'ia,  from  ous,  otos,  and 
Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of  anatomy  which 
treats  of  the  ear.  An  anatomical  treatise  on  the 
ear. 

OTOPATHEMA,  Otopathy. 
OTOP'ATHY,    Otopathi'a,   Ofopatke'ma,    from 
ous,  otos,  and  irado;,  '  a  disease.'    A  diseased  con- 
dition of  the  ear. 

OTOPHLEGMONE,  Otitis. 
OTOPLASTA,  Otemplastrum. 
OTOPLAS'TICE,    O'to2}lasty,  from    oxis,  otos, 
and  irXaffTiKOf,  '  forming.'     The  operation  for  re- 
storing a  lost  ear. 

OTOPLASTRUM,  Otemplastrum. 
OTOPYORRH(EA,  Otirrhoea. 
OTORRHAG"IA,    from    ous,  otos,  and   payi;, 
'rupture.'     Bleeding  from  the  ear  or  ears. 

OTORRHEUMATIS'MUS,  from  ous,  otos,  and 
p£i)//ariff//of,  'rheumatism  ;'  Otal'gia  rheumat'ica. 
Rheumatic  ear-ache. 

OTORRHCEA,  Otirrhoea— o.  Cerebral,  see  Otir- 
rhoea-^ o.  Interna,  see  Otirrhoea  —  o.  Purulenta, 
Otirrhoea. 

O'TOSCOPE,  Otoscop'ium,  from  ous,  otos,  and 
(TKo-rtj,  'examination.'  An  instrument  for  exami- 
ning the  condition  of  the  ear.  An  elastic  stetho- 
scope, the  ends  of  which  are  tipped  with  ivory — 
one  to  be  inserted  into  the  meatus  of  the  patient, 
and  the  other  applied  to  the  ear  of  the  examiner. 
OTOT'OMY,  Ototom'ia,  from  ous,  otos,  and 
TtyLvuv,  '  to  cut.'  The  part  of  practical  anatomy 
which  teaches  the  mode  of  dissecting  and  pre- 
paring the  ear. 

OTTO  OF  ROSES,  see  Rosa  centifolia. 
OUACHITA  SPRINGS,  see  Arkansas,  mine- 
ral waters  of. 

OUIB,  Audition. 
OULA,  Gingivae. 
OULE,  Cicatrix. 
OULITIS.  Ulitis. 
OULORRHAGIA,  Ulorrhagia. 
OUNCE.  Un'cia.     A  weight  equal  to  the  16th 
part  of  a  pound  avoirdupois,  the  12th  of  a  pound 
troy.     It  is  composed  of  8  drachms.     See  Weights 
and  Measures. 

OUR  A  QUE,  Urachus. 
OURARI,  Curare. 
OUREMA,  Urine. 

OURLES,  Parotis,  Cynanche  parotidsea. 
OURON,  Urine. 

OUS,  genitive  otos,  ovs,  cotoj,  Bar. 
OUTHAR,  Mamma,  Uterus. 
0UTRE-3IER,  Lapis  lazuli. 
OUVERTURE  CADAVERIQUE,  Autopsia 
cadaverica. 


OVA  GRAAFIANA,  Folliculi  Graafiani  — o. 
Nabothi,  Nabothi  glandulse. 

OVA  IRE,  Ovarium. 

OVAL,  Ova'lis,  O'd'des,  Ooi'des,  Ova'tus,  (F.) 
Ovale,  from  wov,  ovum,  '  an  egg.'  Egg-shaped  ; 
elliptic.     That  which  is  round  and  oblong  like  an 

egg- 

Otale  Fora'men,  Foramen  ob'des,  (F.)  Trou 
ovale.  The  foramen  obturatorium ;  also,  the  fo- 
ramen in  the  inner  paries  of  the  middle  ear,  which 
opens  into  the  vestibule;  the  foramen  in  the 
sphenoid  bone,  through  which  the  third  branch 
of  the  fifth  pair  issues  from  the  cranium;  and  the 
aperture,  in  the  foetus,  between  the  auricles  of 
the  heart.     See  Botal  Foramen. 

OvALis  Fossa,  Fo'vea  ova'lis,  Val'vula-  seu 
Ve8tig"ium  Foram'inis  ovalis,  is  a  depression  ob- 
served in  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart,  in  the 
septum,  which  separates  it  from  the  left  auricle. 
It  has  thick  and  strong  edges,  at  its  upper  and 
fore  part,  called  Colum'na  foram'inis  ova'lis, 
Isthmus  seu  An'nnlus  Vieusse'nii,  An'inihis  seu 
Limhus  fosses  ovalis:  in  the  fcetus  called  An'- 
nuhia  foram'inis  seu  fossa  ova'lis.  The  fossa 
ovalis,  in  the  adult,  replaces  the  inter-auricular 
aperture  in  the  septum  auricularum  of  the  foetus. 

OVALBUMEN,  Albumen  ovi. 

OVA'RIAN,  Ova'rial,  Ovaria'nus,  (F.)  Ova- 
rien,  Ovarique ;  from  ovarium,  (aaptov,  'the 
ovary.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  ovary — as 
Ovarian  pregnancy. 

Ovarian  ABTERT,Spermatic  artery — o.  Nerves, 
Spermatic  plexus  of  nerves  —  o.  Pregnancy,  see 
Pregnancy,  ovarian — o.  Veins,  Spermatic  veins— 
o.  Vesicles,  Folliculi  Graafiani. 

OVARIOTOMY,  Oariotomy. 

O'VARISTS,  Ovists.  Same  etymon  as  Ovarian. 
Those  physiologists  who  think  that  thephenomena 
of  generation,  in  the  human  species  and  in  every 
species  of  animal,  result  from  the  development 
of  the  ova  or  ovula  of  the  female,  merely  incited 
by  the  male.  Not  many  of  the  physiologists  of 
the  present  day  can  be  classed  among  the 
ovarists. 

OVARITIS,  Oaritis. 

OVA'RIUM.  Diminutive  of  mov,  ovum,  'an 
egg.'  The  O'vary,  (Sc.)  Egghed ;  Testis  mnlie'- 
hris  seu  femine'us,  Oa'rion,  Ooph'oron,  Oynoa'- 
rium,  Vesica'rium,  (F.)  Ovaire.  The  ovaries  are 
the  organs  in  which  the  ova  are  formed  in  ovi- 
parous animals.  By  analogy,  the  name  has  been 
given  to  the  organs  which  the  ancients  called  the 
testicles  of  the  female.  They  are  two  ovoid 
bodies,  almost  as  large  as  the  testicles  in  men, 
placed  on  each  side  of  the  uterus,  between  the 
Fallopian  tube  and  round  ligament,  and  in  the 
substance  of  the  broad  ligament.  Their  outer 
extremity  gives  attachment  to  one  of  the  projec- 
tions of  the  fimbriated  extremity  of  the  Fallo- 
pian tube  ;  and  the  internal  is  fixed  to  the  uterus 
by  a  small  ligamentous  cord,  called  Ligamen'tum 
rotun'dum  ova'rii,  Lig'ament  of  the  O'vary.  The 
ovaries  are  composed  of  a  very  close,  spongy  tex- 
ture— stroma, — and  of  small  vesicles — Follic'uli 
Graafia'ni, —  filled  with  a  clear  fluid  :  these  vesi- 
cles contain  ovules,  which  detach  themselves  from 
the  ovarium  before  and  after  fecundation,  and  are 
carried  into  the  cavity  of  the  uterus  by  the  Fal- 
lopian tube. 

Ovarium  TuMiDUBr,  Oarioncus  —  o.  Nabothi, 
Nabothi  glandula?. 

OVATUS,  Oval. 

OVER-EATING,  COLIC  FROM,  Colica  era- 
pulosa. 

OVERO  BUTUA,  Pareira  brava. 

OVICAPSULE,'see  Folliculi  Graafiani. 

OVIDUCT,  Tube,  Fallopian. 

OVIDUCTUS  MULIEBRIS,  Tuba  Fallopiana. 

OVIG"EROUS,     O'viger,     Ovig"erus  /     from 


oviparit£ 


60  7 


OXYCANTHA 


ovum,  'an  egg,'  and  gero,  'I  bear.'     Containing 
or  producing  ova  or  eggs. 

OVIPARIT^,  see  Oviparous. 
OVIP'AROUS,  Ovip'ariis,  (F.)  Ovipare ;  from 
ovum,  '  an  egg,'  and  pario,  '  I  bring  forth.'  An 
epithet  applied  to  animals  which  are  hatched  from 
eggs  outside  of  the  body.  The  condition  may  be 
termed  Ovip'arouanesa,  (F.)  Oviparite.  See  Ge- 
neration. 

OVIPAROUSNESS,  see  Oviparous. 
OVISAC,  see  Folliculi  Graafiani  — o.  Tunic  of 
the,  see  Folliculi  Graafiani. 
OVISTS,  Ovarists. 
OVOLOGY,  Oologia. 

OVO-VIVIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Ovo-vivipare,  from 
ovum,  'an  egg,'  vivus,  'living,'  and  pario,  'I 
bring  forth.'  Oviparous  animals,  whose  ova  are 
hatched  within  the  mother, — vipers,  for  example. 
See  Generation. 

OVULA  GRAAFIANA,  Folliculi  Graafiani  — 
0.  Nabothi,  Nabothi  glandulse. 

O'VULAR,  0 villa' ris;  from  oviilum,  'an  ovule.' 
Relating  or  belonging  to  the  ovule. 

OVULA'TION;  from  ovuliim,  diminutive  of 
ovum,  '  an  egg.'  The  formation  of  ova  in  the 
ovary,  and  the  discharge  of  the  same.  Also,  the 
development  of  the  embryo  from  the  egg. 

Spontaneous  Ovulation,  (F.)  Ovulation  spon- 
tanee,  is  the  spontaneous  formation  and  discharge 
of  ova  which  takes  place  in  the  female  of  the 
mammalia.     See  Heat. 
OVULE,  Ovulum. 
OVULINE,  Decidua  reflexa. 
O'VULUM,   O'vule;  diminutive  of  ovum,  'an 
egg.'     A  small  egg.     That  which  has  the  appear- 
ance of  a  small  egg.     See  Ovum. 

OVUM,  uiov,  Ooii,  an  egg.  The  eggs  of  poultry 
are  chiefly  used  as  food.  The  different  parts  are, 
likewise,  employed  in  medicine.  The  shell,  Au- 
ran'cum,  Auran'tum,  (P.)  Coque  ou  Coquille 
d'wuf,  calcined,  is  esteemed  an  absorbent.  The 
Oil  of  the  egg  is  emollient,  and  is  used,  exter- 
nally, to  burns  and  chaps.  The  Yolk  or  Yelk 
of  the  egg  —  Vitel'lum  seu  Vitel'lus  ovi,  Lec'ithos 
—  renders  oils,  <fec.,  miscible  with  water.  Eggs, 
when  light  boiled,  are  easy  of  digestion ;  but, 
when  very  hard-boiled  or  fried,  they  are  more 
rebellious. 

Egg  Brandij  is  made  by  taking  of  Brandy  f.^iv; 
Cinnamon  water,  f^iv;  the  yolks  of  two  eggs; 
Sugar,  ^ss;  and  Oil  of  cinnamon,  gtt.  ij.  Mix 
the  yolks  of  the  eggs  first  with  the  water,  the  oil 
and  the  sugar,  stirring  constantly.  Then  add  the 
brandy  little  and  little,  until  a  smooth  fluid  is 
formed.  It  is  an  agreeable  mode  of  giving  brandy 
in  adynamic  states. 

In  Pharmacy,  lohite  of  egg,  which  consists 
chiefly  of  albumen,  is  used  for  clarifying  syrups, 
&c.  Yolk  of  egg,  (F.)  Jaune  d'cexif,  beaten  up 
with  warm  water  and  sugar,  and  aromatized  with 
orange-flower  water,  forms  an  emulsion,  which 
is  emollient,  and  known  under  the  name  Lait  de 
poule  or  chicken's  milk. 

Anatomists  give  the  name  Ova,  O'vula,  O'vules, 
(F.)  CEiifs,  to  round  vesicles,  containing  a  humour 
similar  to  the  yolk  of  egg,  which  are  situate  in 
the  ovaries  of  the  female,  and,  when  fecundated, 
constitute  the  rudiments  of  the  foetus.  During 
gestation,  the  embryo  and  its  enveloping  mem- 
branes retain  the  name  Ovum,  (F.)  (Euf.  The 
changes  induced  in  the  mammalia  after  impreg- 
nation greatly  resemble  those  in  the  bird. 

Ovum,  Testicle  —  o.  Hystericum,  see  Clavus 
hystericus. 

OXALAS  SUBPOTASSICUS,  Potass,  oxalate 
of. 

OXALAT'IC,  Oxalat'icua.  Relating  to  oxa- 
lates :  hence  Oxolat'ic  or  Oxalic  acid  Diath'esia 


is  the  habit  of  body  which  favours  the  formation 
and  deposition  of  oxalates  from  the  urine. 

OXAL'IC  ACID,  Acidum  oxali'num  seu  sac- 
chari'nwn  seu  hydro-carbon'icum  seu  acetosel'lcB, 
seu  oxal'icum  seu  aac'chari,  Acid  of  sugar  or  of 
sorrel,  Car'honous  acid,  from  o|aXi5,  '  sorrel.'  An 
acid  found  in  sorrel.  It  crystallizes  in  long, 
colourless,  quadrangular  prisms,  and  is  generally 
found,  in  nature,  united  with  lime  or  potassa 
It  has  been  proposed,  in  a  diluted  state,  as  a  re- 
frigerant, but  it  is  unnecessary ;  and,  besides,  in 
quantity,  it  is  a  virulently  acrid  poison.  It  is 
largely  employed  for  cleaning  boot-tops ;  and,  as 
it  strongly  resembles  the  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
has  often  been  taken  for  it.  Several  fatal  cases 
are,  indeed,  on  record.  For  its  antidotes,  &c., 
see  Poison. 

OXALIC  ACID  DIATHESIS,  see  Oxalatic. 
OXALIDE,  Oxalis  acetosella. 
0XALI3  ACETOSA,  Rumex  acetosus. 
Ox'alis    Acetosel'la,    0.   America'na,    Oxya 
alba,  called  from  o^v?,  'acid,'  owing  to  the  sharp- 
ness  of  its  juice.     Ths  systematic  name  of  the 
Woodsorrel,   Cuckowbread,  Sour   Trefoil,  White 
sorrel.    Mountain    Sorrel,    Trifo'lium    aceto'sum, 
Oxitriphyl'lum,     Lujula,     Allelu'ja,     Acetosel'la, 
OxyphyVhm,  Oxytriphyl'lon,  Pania  cu'culi,   (F.) 
Surelle,  Oxalide,  Pain  a  Coucou,  Alleluia.      Ord. 
Oxalidaceffi.     Sex.    Syat.    Decandria   Decagynia. 
This  plant  has  a  gratefully  acid  taste,  and  is  used 
in  salads.     It  has  been  esteemed  refrigerant,  an- 
tiscorbutic, and  diuretic. 

Oxalis  Americana,  0.  acetosella. 
Oxalis  Stricta,  Yellow  wood  sorrel ;  indige- 
nous, has  similar  virtues. 

Oxalis  Tubero'sa,  Oca.  A  tuberous  plant, 
whose  oval-shaped  root  is  used  as  food  by  the 
Peruvians.  It  is  watery,  has  a  sweetish  taste, 
and  is  much  liked. 

OXALIUM,  Potass,  oxalate  of. 
OXAL'ME,  from  ofuf,  'agid,'  and  'a\s,  'salt.' 
A  mixture  of  vinegar  and  salt. 
OXALU'RIA,  Urine,  oxalic. 
OXEL^'ON,  from  ofu?,  '  acid,'  and  sXaiov, '  oil.' 
A  mixture  of  vinegar  and  oil,  used  as  a  condi- 
ment. 

OX  EYE,  Helenium  autumnale— o.  Gall,  Bile 
of  the  ox. 

OXEOLE,  Acetole. 
OXICEDRE,  Juniperus  oxyeedrus. 
OXID,  Oxyd. 
OXIDATION,  Oxydation. 
OXIDE,  Oxyd. 

OXIDUM,  Oxyd,  see  Oxydum. 
OXI'NES,    o^ivn?,    (otvoi,)    from    ofuj,    'acid.' 
Wine  already  sour,  but  not  yet  vinegar. 
OXITRIPHYLLUM,  Oxalis  acetosella. 
OXODE,  Oxyd. 
OXODES,  Acidulous. 
OXOIDES,  Acidulous. 
OXOS,  Aceticum  acidum,  Acetum. 
OXTER,  Axilla. 
OXVRE,  Oxyd. 
OXYA,  Fagus  sylvatica. 
OXYACANTHA,  Mespilus  oxyacantha. 
OxyACAn'tha  Gale'ni,  Ber'beris.  B.  vulga'ris. 
Spina    ac"ida,    Crespi'nus,    (F.)     Epine    vinetie, 
Vinetfier.       Family,      Berberideae.       Sex.     Sj/st. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.   The  Barberry.  The  fruit 
of  the  berries,  Barberries,  is  gratefully  acid,  and 
moderately  astringent.     By  preparing   an   alco- 
holic extract  of  the  root  and  adding  water  to  it, 
a  pulverulent  brown  substance  is  thrown  down, 
which,  when  dissolved  in  alcohol  and  evaporated, 
yields  the  bitter  principle,  Berberin,  which  is  an 
excellent   stomachic  in  the   dose  of  2,  5,  or  10 
grains. 

The  American  Barberry,  Ber'beris   Canaden'- 


OXYESTHESIA 


668 


OXYNOSEMA 


sis,  Pipperidffe  Bush,  Sowhemj,  differs   slightly 
from  the  European.     It  flourishes  on  mountains 
and  hilly  districts  from  Canada  to  Virginia. 
OXYJESTHESIA,  Hj-perKsthesis. 
OXYAPHE,  Hyperaphia. 
OXYAPHIA,  Hyperaphia. 
OXYBAPHION,  see  Acetabulum. 
OXYBOL'IA,   from    o|«j,    'quick,'   and   /3oXr;, 
'ejection.'     Too  rapid  emission  of  sperm. 
OXYGEDRE,  Juniperus  oxycedrus. 
OXYCEPHA'LIA,    '  Sugar-loaf    head/    from 
o|us,  'sharp,'  and  Kc^a\rj,  'head.'     Monstrosity  in 
which  the  head  is  peaked  like  a  sugar-loaf. 

OXYCOCCOS,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  —  o.  Pa- 
lustris,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos. 

OX'YCRATE,  Oxy era' turn,  from  ofuf,  'acid,' 
and  Kpuo),  'I  mix;'  Posea,  Phusca.  A  mixture 
of  vinegar  and  water ;  frequently  used  in  medi- 
cine as  a  refrigerant  and  antiseptic. 

OXYCRO'CEUM  EMPLASTRUM,  from  o^v;, 
'acid,'  und  KpoKos,  'saffron.'  A  plaster,  composed 
of  saffron,  pj<c/t,  colophony,  yellow  wax,  turpen- 
tine, galbanum,  gum  ammoniac,  myrrh,  olibanum, 
and  mastic.  It  was  employed  as  a  strengthening 
plaster. 

OXYCUM,  Oxygen. 

OXYD,  Oxid,  Oxide,  Oxyde,  Ox'ydum,  Ox'- 
idiim,  (F.)  Oxyde,  Oxode,  Oxure,  from  ofus,  'acid.' 
A  combination,  not  acid,  of  a  simple  body  with 
oxygen. 

OxYD,  Calculous,  Oxyd,  cystic  —  o.  Vesical, 
Oxyd,  cystic. 

Oxyd,  Cystic,  Cal'culous  or  Vea'ical  oxyd.  Cys- 
tine, Nephrine,  Scor' dosmine.  A  species  of  uri- 
nary calculus,  having  the  shape  of  confused, 
yellowish,  semi-transparent,  insipid,  very  hard 
crystals.  When  distilled,  it  furnishes  subcar- 
bonate  of  ammonia,  like  all  nitrogenized  mat- 
ters. It  dissolves  in  the  nitric,  sulphuric,  phos- 
phoric, and  oxalic  acids. 

OXYDA'TION,    Oxyda'tio,   Oxida'tion,    Oxy- 
gena'tion.     The  action  of  oxydizing  a  body;  that 
is,  of  combining  it  with  oxygen;  a  combination 
from  which  results  an  oxyd. 
OXYDE,  Oxyd. 

OXYDE  D'ANTDIOTNE  SULFURE,  Oxy- 
dum  stibii  sulphuratum — o.  Gris  ou  noir  de  31er- 
cure,  see  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

OXYDER'CIA,  Oxydor'cia,  Visus  a'cies,  from 
ofuf,  '  quick,'  and  iepKd),  '  I  see.'  Sharpness  of 
vision. 

OXYDER'CICUS,    Oxyder'ces.      A   medicine 
which  sharpens  the  sight. 
OXYDORCIA,  Oxydercia. 
OXYDUM,  Oxid — o.  Antimonii  cum  phosphate 
calcis,  Antimonial  powder. 

Oxydum  Fekri  Nigrum,  Ferri  ox'idum.  ni- 
grum., Black  oxyd  of  iron.  The  scales,  which  fall 
from  iron,  when  heated,  consist  of  iron,  combined 
with  oxygen.  They  have  been  used  like  the  cha- 
lybeates  in  general.  The  Edinburgh  Pharmaco- 
poeia has  a  Ferri  ox'idum  nigrum,  made  by  pre- 
cipitating, by  ammonia,  a  solution  of  the  mixed 
sulphates  of  protoxide  and  sesquioxide  of  iron. 
An  analogous  preparation  is  in  the  Dublin  Phar- 
macopoeia, under  the  name  Ferri  ox'ydnm  mag- 
net'icnm,  3fagnetic  oxide  of  iron,  Ifar'tial  Ethio-jys. 
Oxydum  Ferricum  Crystallizatum  Nati- 
vuM,  Haematites — o.  Hydrargyri  completum,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrico-o.xydum — o.  Hydrargyricum,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxydum — o.  Hydrargyricum  prse- 
paratum,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum — o.  Hy- 
drargyrosum,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

OxYDOM  Stibii  Sulphura'tum,  Hepar  anti- 
mo'nii,  Cro'cns  metallo'rum  seu  antimo'nii,  (F.) 
Oxyde  d'antimoine  sulfure,  Foie  d' Antimoine. 
This  was  formerly  exhibited  in  the  cure  of  fevers, 
hut  it  is  now  rarely  employed. 

OXYDUM  URICUM,  Uric  oxide.      • 


OXYECOIA,  Hyperacusis. 

OXYG'ALA,  fromo^us,  'sour,' and ynXa,  'milk.' 
Sour  milk.  The  Oxygala  equi'num,  Caracos'mos, 
is  reckoned  amongst  the  delicacies  of  the  Tartars. 
OXYG'ARON,  from  o|us,  '  acid,'  and  yapov, 
'  garum.'  A  composition  of  garum  and  vinegar. 
OX'YGEN,  Oxygen' ium,  Empy'real,  Pure, 
Vital  or  DejMogis' ticated  air,  Oxyg"enes,  Ox'- 
yciim,  Princip'ium  oxyg"enans  seu  oxygenet'icum 
seu  acidificans  seu  ac"idum,  Elemen' turn  acidif- 
icum,  (F.)  Oxyglne,  Air  du  feu  ;  from  ofwj,  'acid,' 
and  yEfi/au,  'I  engender,'  that  is,  generator  of 
acids  ;  and  such  it  was  believed  to  be,  exclusively, 
at  the  period  when  the  name  was  given  to  it. 
This  is  now  known  not  to  be  the  case.  Oxygen 
is  largely  distributed  in  nature.  It  exists  in  the 
air,  in  water,  in  several  acids,  in  all  the  oxyds, 
and  in  vegetable  and  animal  substances,  Ac. 
It  is  obtained  by  decomposing  the  peroxyd  of 
manganese  or  the  chlorate  of  potassa  by  heat  in 
close  vessels.  Although  oxygen,  in  the  state  of 
admixture  in  which  it  is  found  in  the  atmosphere, 
is  of  vital  importance,  it  cannot  be  respired  in  a 
pure  state  with  impunity.  Animals  die  in  it  long 
before  the  whole  of  the  oxygen  is  consumed.  The 
properties  of  oxj-gen  seem  to  be  stimulant.  It 
increases  the  force  and  velocity  of  the  pulse,  and 
has,  accordingly,  been  used  in  cases  of  chronic 
debility,  chlorosis,  asthma,  scrofula,  dropsy,  para- 
lysis, (fee.  It  requires  to  be  diluted  with  from  10 
to  20  parts  of  atmospheric  air;  one  to  two  quarts 
being  given  during  the  day. 
OXYGENATION,  Oxydation. 
OXYGENE,  Oxygen. 

OXYG^NESES.  A  name  given  by  Baumes 
to  diseases  which  he  attributed  to  disordered  oxy- 
genation. 

OXYGEUSIA,  Hypergeustia. 
OXYG'LICUS,  Oxyg'lices,  from  o^v;,  'acid,' 
and  y\vKVi,  'sweet;'  lUulsa  acida,  Ace'tum  mul- 
sum  dulce.  Prepared  by  macerating  and  boiling 
honey-comb  (from  which  the  greater  part  of  the 
honey  has  been  taken)  in  water,  and  adding  vine- 
gar     An  Oxymel. 

OXY- HYDRO -CARBURETUM  EX  OLEO 
PYROXYLICO  PARATUM,  Creasote. 
OXYLAPATHUM,  Rumex  acutus. 
0X'YM¥1L,  Apom'eli,  Mel  aceta'tum,  (F.)  Aci- 
tomel,  fromofuf,  'acid,'  and //tXt,  'honey.'  Honey 
and  vinegar  boiled  to  a  syrupy  consistence.  {3Iel, 
despumat.  Ibv,  acid,  acetic.  ,^vij,  aq.  destillat. 
f,^  viij.  Add  the  acid  to  the  water  and  mix  thein 
with  the  honey  previously  heated. — Ph.  L.)  It 
is  cooling;  —  externally  detergent. 

Oxymel  ^ruginis,  Linimentum  iEruginis. 
Oxymel  Col'chici,  0.  of  meadow  saffron,  (F.) 
Oxymel  colchique.  (Rad.  colch.  recent,  in  lami- 
nas  tenues  sectm  ^j,  aceti  destillati  ft)j,  mellis  de- 
spumat.  pond.  Ibij.  Macerate  in  a  gentle  heat 
for  48  hours.  Press  and  boil  the  liquor  with  the 
honey  to  the  thickness  of  a  syrup;  stirring  with 
a  wooden  spoon.  Ph.  D.)  It  is  expectorant  and 
diuretic.     Dose,  f  ^j,  in  gruel. 

OXYMEL  OOLCHIQUE,  0.  colchici  — o.  of 
Meadow  saffron,  0.  colchici. 
■   Oxymel  ScilLjE,  0.  of  squills,  0.  Scillieit'ievm, 
Mel  scillcB.     [3[ellis  despumat.  Oiss,  aceti  scillce, 
Oij.     Boil  in  a  glass  vessel  over  a  gentle  fire  to  a 
proper  consistence.     Ph.  U.  S.)     It  is  reputed  to 
be  expectorant  and  diuretic.     Dose,  f^j  to  f  ^ij. 
Oxymel  of  Squill,  0.  scillse. 
OXYMYRRHINE,  Ruscus. 
OXYMYRSINE,  Ruscus. 
OXYNGIUM,  Adeps  suillus. 
OXYNI'TRON,  from  ofu;,  'acid,'   and  virpov, 
'nitre.'     Name  of  a  plaster,  composed  chiefly  of 
vinegar  and  nitre,  and  recommended  by  Aetius. 
OXYNOSEMA,  Acute  disease. 


OXYNOSOS 


669 


PACHYDERMATOCELE 


OXYNOSOS,  Acute  disease. 

OXYNUSOS,  Acute  disease. 

OXYO'PIA,  Galero'jna,  Hijperoii'sla,  Snffu'sio 
excla' rans,  Acies  visils,  from  ofuj,  'quick,'  and 
u)\p,  '  sight.'  Excessive  acuteness  of  the  sense  of 
sight.  Instances  have  occurred  vphere  persons 
could  see  the  stars  in  the  day  time.  The  cause 
is  seated  in  great  sensibility  of  the  retina.  The 
term  has  been  used  synonymously  with  nycta- 
lopia. 

OXYOSPHRE'SIA,  Oxyosphra'sia,  from  ofus, 
'acute,'  and  oaifipriaii,  'smell.  Excessive  acuteness 
of  the  sense  of  smell. 

OXYPHLEGMA'SIA,  o^vtpXey^iaoia,  (ofu;, 
'acute.'  and  tpXcyijiaata,)  Acu'ta  et  ve'hemens  in- 
flamma'tin.     A  violent  inflammation. 

OXYPHCENICON,  Tamarindus. 

OXYPHO'NIA,  Vox  acu'ta;  fromofuj,  'sharp,' 
and  (pijivn,  'voice;'  Parapho'jiia  clangens  seu  ul- 
eero'sa,  Clangor,  Vox  clango'sa,  Leptophn'nia. 
A  shrill  and  squalling  voice,  —  frequently,  a 
symptom  of  morbid  affection  of  the  larynx. 

OXYPHYLLON,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

OXYPODIA.  see  Kyllosis. 

OXYPROTEIN,  see  Corium  phlogisticum. 

OXYREG'xMIA,  Ructna  ac"idus,  from  ofu?, 
'sour,'  and  ^pevyu,  'I  belch.'     Acid  eructation. 

OXYR'IA  RENIFORM'IS,  Rumex  dig"ynus, 
Boreal  sourdock,  3]ountain  Sorrel,  Wehh  sorrel. 
A  plant,  Ord.  Polyganacese,  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria 
Digynia,  which  grows  in  the  northern  parts  of 
America  and  Europe;  blossoming  in  the  spring. 
It  possesses  the  same  properties  as  Oxalis  aceto- 
sella. 

OXYRRHOD'INON,  Ace'tum  rosa'tum,  from 
o^vs,  'acid,'  and  poiov,  'a  rose.'  A  composition 
of  vinegar  and  roses.  {01.  rosat.  ^ij,  acet.  rosat. 
,^j.)    Used  as  a  liniment  in  herpes  and  erysipelas. 

OXYS,  Acid,  Acute  —  o.  Alba,  Oxalis  aceto- 
sella. 

OXYSAC'CHARUM,  from  o|u?,  'acid,'  and 
<7aK)^apov,  'sugar.'  A  mixture  of  sugar  and  vine- 
gar. It  was  called  Oxysac'charum  vomi'ti'vum, 
when  it  held  in  solution  the  glass  of  antimony; 
and  Oxysac'charum  scillit'icwn,  when  it  contained 
squills. 


OXYSAL  DIAPHORET'ICUM  AN'GELI 
SALjE.  a  preparation  of  Angelo  Sala.  Ace- 
tate of  potass  exposed  to  the  atmosphere;  and 
consequently  fallen  into  a  state  of  deliquium. — 
Orfila. 

OXYTARTARUS,  Potassse  acetas. 

OXYTES,  Acidities. 

OXYTOCIA.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Ra- 
pidity of  parturition. 

OXYTOCIC,  Oxyt'ocus,  from  o|«s,  'quick,'  and 
TocTw,  'I  bring  forth.'  A  medicine  which  pro- 
tnotes  delivery. 

OXYTRIPHYLLON,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

OXYURE  VERMWULAIRE,  Ascaris  ver- 
micularis. 

OXYURIS  VERMICULARIS,  Ascaris  vermi- 
eularis. 

OYSTER  GREEN,  Ulva  latissima  — o.  Root, 
Tragopogon  —  o.  Shells,  Ostreee  test^  —  o.  Pre- 
pared, Testa  pra?parata. 

OZjE'NA,  Coryza  enton'ica  seu  prirnlen'ta  seu 
ozirno'sa  seu  ulcero'sa  seu  virnlen'ta  seu  molig'- 
na,  Pyorrhoe'a  nasa'lis,  Entozce'na,  RJiini'tis  ulce- 
ro'sa,  Ulcus  na'rium  foetens,  from  o^w,  '  I  smell 
of  something.'  (F.)  Ozene,  Pu7\aisie.  An  affec- 
tion of  the  pituitary  membrane,  which  gives  oc- 
casion to  a  disagreeable  odour  similar  to  that  of 
a  crushed  bed-bug:  hence  the  name  Punaip,  by 
which  the  French  designate  one  labouring  under 
ozaena.  It  is,  sometimes,  owing  to  caries  of  the 
bones;  but  is,  perhaps,  most  frequently  depend- 
ent upon  syphilitic  ulceration  of  the  pituitary 
membrane,  with  or  without  caries  of  the  bones 
of  the  nose. 

Oz^NA  Benigna,  Coryza,  chronic. 

OZE,  Breath,  offensive. 

OZEMUX,  Albumen. 

OZENE,  Oza?na. 

OZONE:  same  etymon  as  OzEena.  The  pow- 
erfully odorous  matter  produced  when  a  current 
of  ordinary  electricity  passes  from  pointed  bodies 
into  the  air. — Schonbein.  It  is  presumed  to  be 
a  peculiar  modification  of  oxygen  ;  and  its  vary- 
ing quantity  in  the  atmosphere  is  supposed  to 
affect  the  health  of  man. 

Air  containing  ozone  is  said  to  be  oz'onized. 


P. 


See    Abbre- 
viation. 


P.  A  contraction  of  Pugillua.       "] 

P.  M.    A  contraction  of  Partes 
aquales.  \ 

P.  P.  A    contraction    of  Pidvia  I 
patram.  J 

PAB'ULUM,  TropM,  Phorbe,  AUmen'tum,  Nu- 
tn men' turn.  Pood,  aliment.  The  animal  heat 
and  animal  spirits — unmeaning  terms — were  for- 
merly considered  the  Pabulum  vitcB. 

PACAY,  Prosopis  dulcis. 

PACCHIO'NI,  GLANDS  OP,  Pacchio'nian 
Bodies,  Olan'diilcB  Dura  Matris  seu  durcB  Menin'- 
gis,  Tnher'cula  pawn  seu  Oor'pora  glandifor'mia 
durce  matris,  (P.)  Glandes  de  Pacchioni,  Granula- 
tions cerebrales.  Small,  whitish,  or  yellowish 
bodies,  sometimes  separate,  at  others  united  like 
a  bunch  of  grapes,  which  are  observed  in  several 
parts  of  the  dura  and  pia  mater.  They  receive 
v-essels,  but  apparently  no  nerves.  Their  texture 
and  uses  are  unknown.  A  considerable  number 
is  observed  in  the  longitudinal  sinus,  covered  by 
the  internal  membrane. 


PACHJE'MIA,  Pacliyce'mia,  Pachcc'ma,  Pa- 
chyce'mn,  from  T^a'^iy^,  '  thick,' and  'aijua,  'blood. 
Too  great  thickness  of  the  blood. 

PACHEABLEPHARO'SIS,  Pacheahleph'ara, 
Pachybleph'aron,  Pachyblepharo'sis,  Pach'yfes, 
from  ■n-a'^vs,  'thick,'  and  (i\c<papov,  'an  eyelid.' 
A  name  given,  by  some  authors,  to  a  thickening 
of  the  eyelids,  produced  by  tubercles  or  excres- 
cences formed  on  their  margins.  It  is  the  same 
affection  as  that  which  Sauvages  designates  Ca- 
li'go  ci,  Pacheahlejiharo' si. 

PACHETOS,  see  Laqueus. 

PACHULOSIS,  Pachylosis. 

PACHYiEMIA,  Pachaamia. 

PACHYBLEPHARON,  Pacheablepharosis. 

PACIIYCHOL'IA,  from  Traxvg,  'thick,'  and 
XoXr),  '  bile.'     Morbid  thickness  of  the  bile. 

PACHYDERMATOCE'LE,  from  ^axvs, 
'thick,'  Sspfia,  ichpiaTog,  'skin,'  and  kii\ij,  'a  tu- 
mour. A  disease  of  the  dermoid  tissue,  apparently 
congenital,  which  increases  from  a  small  mole  or 


PACHYLOSIS 


670 


PAINT 


spot,  at  times  to  the  size  and  appearance  of  a  re- 
laxed and  very  emaciated  mamma. — V.  Mott. 

PACHYLO'SISj-PacAuio'si's,  from  wa;;^!)  J,' thick.' 
An  inordinate  production  of  the  epidermis  depen- 
dent upon  hypertrophy  of  the  papillae  of  the  skin. 
— E.  Wilson. 

PACHYNSIS,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 
PACHYNTICA,  Incrassantia. 
PACHYSMUS,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 
PACHYTES,  Pacheablepharosis. 
PACINIAN  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpuscles. 
PACKING,    OF    THE   HYDROPATHISTSj 
Ernaillotage. 

PACK  WAX,  see  Nucha. 

PAD,  (S.)  Pajado,  from  paja,  'straw'  [?]  ;   Plu- 
mace'olus,  PulviVlus,  Pulvin'ulus,   Parvnm  piil- 
vi'nar  ; — a  cushion,  a  little  cushion  ;  a,  junk  ;  (F.) 
Ooussiiiet.      A  small   bag,   filled   with   feathers, 
wool,  hair,  bran,  chaff,  &c.     It  is  used  to  com- 
press or  support  parts.     In  the  treatment  of  cer- 
tain  fractures,  soft  pads  or  cushions,  called  by 
the  French  Remplissages,  are  placed  between  the 
splints  and  the  fractured  limb,  in  order  that  the 
prominent  parts  may  not  be  chafed  by  the  splints. 
PADDIB,  see  Oryza. 
PADDY,  see  Oryza. 
PADNOON,  Bit  noben. 

PAD'UA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near 
Padua,  in  Italy,  there  are  several  thermal  sul- 
phureous springs,  the  hottest  of  which  is  188° 
Fahr.  The  chief  establishments  are  Abano,  Bat- 
taglia,  and  Montegrotto. 

PAD  US,  Prunus  padus  —  p.  Avium,  Prunus 
padus— p.  Lauro-cerasus,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus. 

P^DAN'CHONE,  from  iraif,  nado^  'a  child,' 
and  ayxtii,  '  I  strangle ;'  Angi'na  Sicca.  Name 
of  a  fatal  species  of  cynanche,  mentioned  by  M. 
A.  Severinus ;  probably  the  Cynanche  Trachealis, 
or  Cynanche  Maligna. 

PiEDARTHROCACB,  Spina  rentosa. 
PiEDATROPH'IA,  Atrophia  infan'tilis,  Ma- 
ras'mua  lactan'tium,  from  xai;,  vaiSos,  'a.  child,' 
a,  privative,  and  rpoipri,  '  nourishment.'     Atrophy 
of  children.     Tabes  mesenterica. 

PiEDATROPHiA  Glandulosa,  Scrofula. 
P^DERAS'TIA,  Pmdogo'gium,  Padica'tio, 
Cinas'dia,  from  Ttatg,  vatSos,  'a  boy,'  and  tpwj, 
'love.'  The  love  of  boys.  A  disgraceful  passion, 
common  in  ancient  times,  but  now  unknown. 
These  terms  are  likewise  applied  to  the  crime  of 
sodomy. 

P^DEROTA  VIRGINICA,  Leptandra  vir- 
ginica.  ^ 

P^DENCEPHALIE,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

PjSlDI'A,  Teaihia,  Educa'tio  infan'tmn.  The 
bringing  up  or  education  —  physical  as  well  as 
moral  —  of  children. 

PjEDIATRI'A,  Padiat'rica.  Padiat'rics,  from 
nats,  vaibos,  'a  child,'  and  larpeia,  'medical  man- 
agement.'   Treatment  of  the  diseases  of  children.' 
P^DIGATIO,  Paederastia. 
P^DIGTERUS,  Icterus  infantum. 
P.E  D  0  B  A  R  0  M  ACROMETER,  Baromacro- 
meter. 

P^DOGOGIUM,  Paederastia. 
PEDOMETER,  Baromacrometer. 
P^DON'OSUS,  from   wais,   Trat^u?,  'a   child,' 
and  vo(Tos,  'disease.'     A  disease  of  childhood. 

P^DOPHLEBOTOM'IA,  from  Trai?,  TraiSos,  'a 
child,'  <p\c'^,  '  a  vein,'  and  T0//17,  '  incision.'  VencB- 
eec'tio  puero'rum.  Bleeding  performed  on  chil- 
dren. 

P^DOT'RIBES,  Min'ister  Gymnaa'tw,  from 
iraii,  TTatSos,  '  a  child,'  and  rpifiui,  '  I  train.'  In 
ancient  gymnastics,  the  officer  acquainted  with 
all  the  prescribed  exercises,  and  who  carried 
them  into  effect,  according  to  the  direction  of  the 
superior. 


P^DOT'ROPHY,   Pmlofroph'ia,    (F.)   Pedo- 
trophic,  from  Tratg,   nai&os,  '  a  child,'  and  Tpo<pr], 
'nourishment.'     The  part  of  hygiene,  which  con- 
cerns the  nourishment  of  children. 
P^ON,  Physician. 

P^O'NIA,  P.  officina'lis  seu  mas'cula  sen  ne- 
mora'lia  seu  fem'ina  seu  loha'ta,  Glycis'ide,  Hcb- 
mago'gum,  Pe'ony,  or  Pi'ony,  male  and  female. 
(F.)  Pivoine,  Pione,  Herhe   Sainte-Rose.     From 
Ilaiuv,  '  the  god  of  physic'     The  root,  flowers, 
and  seeds  were  long  esteemed  powerful  medicines. 
They  are  feebly  astringent,  and  hav«  been  con- 
sidered to  be  narcotic  and  antispasaaij^io.     They 
have  been    given,  particularly,  in  i-jt^rmittents 
and  epilepsy,  but  are  not  now  used.    '/ j  ,  flowers 
are  called  Rosob  henedie'tm,  R.  re'gi jt. 
P^ONICE,  Medicine. 
P^ONICUS,  Medical. 
P^ONIUS,  Medical. 
PiEOSYNE,  Medicine 

PAGAPOPLEX'IA,  from  Traytiv,  'to  nail  fast,' 
and  anoTr\y!^ia,  '  apoplexy.'    Apoplexy  from  cold. 
PAGOS,  PeritonsBum. 
PAIDIA,  Infancy. 
PAIDION,  Infans. 
PAIGIL,  Primula  veris. 

PAIN,  (old  F.)  painer,  'to  torment;'  Sax. 
pman,  '  to  torture.'  Dolor,  Algos,  Alge'ma,  Al- 
ge'do,  Alge'sis,  Od'yne,  Ache,  (Sc.)  Hachse, 
(Prov.)  Crazy,  Wark,  (F.)  Dotdeur.  A  disa- 
greeable sensation,  which  scarcely  admits  of  de- 
finition. It  is  generally  symptomatic,  and  is 
called  acute,  (F.)  aigue,  when  very  violent,  as  a 
twinge  j'  piungent,  (F.)  pongitive,  when  it  resem- 
bles that  which  would  be  produced  by  a  sharp 
instrument  run  into  the  part:  heathy,  (F.)  grava- 
tive,  when  attended  with  a  sensation  of  weight,* 
tensive,  when  the  part  seems  distended:  lan'cina- 
ting,  when  occurring  in  shoots  :  lac" crating  or 
tearing,  when  the  part  seems  to  be  tearing :  burn- 
ing, (P.)  br&lante,  when  resembling  that  produced 
by  a  burn,  &c. 

Pain,  Sun,  Hemicrania. 

PAIN",  see  Triticum — ^.  d  Coucoii,  Oxalis  ace- 
tosella  —  p.  de  3Tadagascar,  Jatropha  manihot — 
pi.  de  Poureeau,  Cvclamen. 

PAINS,  AFTER,  see  P.  labour. 
Pains,    Gnawing,   Dolo'res  roden'tes.     Pains 
resembling  what  might  be  produced  by  the  gnaw- 
ing of  an  animal. 

Pains,  Labour  pains.  Throes,  Throws,  Partu- 
rien'tis  dolo'res,  Odin,  Odis,  Eolo'res  ad  partum, 
Torm'ina  parturien' tium,  (F.)  3Ial  d' Enfant, DoU' 
lews.  The  uneasy  sensations  that  accompany 
labour,  and  are  owing  to  uterine  contraction. 
The  pains  that  precede  actual  delivery,  and  are 
simply  employed  in  dilating  the  os  uteri,  are 
called  grinding ;  those  which  extrude  the  child, 
forcing.  Those  which  take  place  in  the  first 
days  after  delivery,  and  are  employed  in  forcing 
away  coagula,  &c.,  are  termed  After  pains,  Eo- 
lo'res  seu  Tormina  post  partum,  D.  puerpera'runif 
(F.)  Tranchies  uterines. 

"To  take  a  pain,"  —  "To  try  a  pain,"  —  is  to 
make  an  examination  ^ert)a5'?"?if/?M,  during  labour, 
to  discover  its  progress,  character,  <fec. 

The  French  term  the  pains,  which  precede  and 
announce  labour,  mouches ;  those  which  accom- 
pany it,  doideurs ;  and  those  which  occur  imme- 
diately afterwards,  tranchees  ou  coUques. 

PAINT,  (from  pingere,  pinctum,  'to  paint,'  (I.) 
pinto,  (F.)  peint ;)  Pigmen'tum,  Fucus,  (F.)  Fard. 
A  name  given  to  different  substances,  employed 
for  embellishing  the  complexion  or  rendering  the 
skin  softer.  The  substances  most  commonly  used 
for  this  purpose  are: — the  Subnitrate  of  Bismuth, 
(F.)  Blanc  de  fard.  A  spirituous  solution  of 
benzoin,  precipitated  by  water,  and  forming  Vir- 
gin's milk,  (F.)  Lait  virginal;  the  red  or  rouge 


PALAD 


671         PALATO-PHARYNGIEN 


of  the  carthamus  ;  Spanish  loJiite  ;  the  oxides  of 
lead,  tin,  and  mercury,  vermilion,  red  saunders, 
&c.  All  paints  may  be  said  to  be  noxious.  They 
injure  the  skin  ;  obstruct  perspiration  ;  and,  thus, 
frequently  lay  the  foundation  for  cutaneous  affec- 
tions.    See  Cosmetic. 

Paint,  Indian,  Hydrastis  Canadensis,  Sangui- 
naria  Canadensis  —  p.  Yellow,  Hydrastis  Cana- 
densis. 

PALAD,  Vertex. 

PALiBSTRA,  Gymnasium. 

PALAIS,  Palate. 

PALAME.  Palm. 

PALATAL,  Palatine. 

PALATE,  Pala'Uim,  Hypero'a,  Hypero'um, 
Urnnis'coa,  Roof  of  the  mouth,  Fossa  Palati'na, 
Palatum  stah'ile.  Hard  Palate,  (F.)  Palais.  The 
upper  part  of  the  cavity  of  the  mouth  ;  a  kind  of 
parabolic  vault,  formed  by  the  two  superior  max- 
illary hones,  and  the  two  palate  bones,  covered 
with  a  thick  and  dense  mucous  membrane : 
bounded,  before  and  at  the  sides,  by  the  superior 
dental  arch  ;  and,  behind,  by  the  velum  palati. 
A  whitish  line  runs  along  the  middle,  from  be- 
fore to  behind  ;  at  the  anterior  extremity  of  which 
is  a  tubercle  corresponding  to  the  inferior  orifice 
of  the  anterior  palatine  canal.  The  arteries  of 
the  palate  and  corresponding  gums  proceed  from 
the  palatine,  alveolar,  infra-orbitar,  labial,  and 
buccal  branches.  The  veins  follow  a  similar 
course.  The  nerves  are  given  off  from  the  pala- 
tine, facial,  infra-orbitar,  superior  dental,  and 
from  the  naso-palatine  ganglion. 

Palate,  Artific"ial,  (F.)  Obtitratewr  du  Pa- 
lais. A  plate  of  tortoise-shell,  silver,  &c.,  used 
to  close  a  deficiency  of  the  palate. 

Palate  Bone,  Os  Pala'ti  seu  hnsila're,  (F.) 
Os  PaJatin  ou  du  Palais,  is  a  small  bone,  of  an 
irregular  shape,  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  nasal  fossae  and  palate.  It  seems  formed  by 
the  union  of  two  bony  plates  joined  at  right  an- 
gles to  each  other ;  so  that  one  is  inferior  and 
horizontal;  —  the  other,  superior  and  vertical. 
The  horizontal  or  'palatine  portion.  Arch  of  the 
palate,  is  quadrilateral.  Its  upper  surface  forms 
part  of  the  nasal  fossse ;  the  lower  forms  part  of 
the  palatine  arch,  and  contains  the  inferior  orifice 
of  the  posterior  palatine  canal.  Its  anterior  edge 
is  articulated  with  the  palatine  process  of  the 
superior  maxillary  bone ;  the  posterior  is  free 
and  sharp.  It  gives  attachment  to  the  velum 
palati,  and  presents  an  eminence,  which,  when 
joined  with  one  on  the  opposite  side,  forms  the 
posterior  nasal  spine.  Its  inner  edge  is  articu- 
lated with  the  corresponding  bone;  its  outer  is 
confounded  with  the  vertical  portion.  The  ver- 
tical or  ascending  portion  has  the  form  of  a  long 
square.  The  inner  surface  forms  part  of  the 
outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fossae.  Its  outer  sur- 
face is  unequal,  and  is  articulated  with  the  supe- 
rior maxillary  bone ;  behind,  it  presents  a  verti- 
cal groove,  which  forms  part  of  the  posterior 
palatine  canal;  and,  above,  a  small  free  surface, 
which  looks  into  the  zygomatic  fossa.  Its  ante- 
rior edge  is  united  with  the  superior  maxillary 
bone;  the  posterior  is  unequal,  and  rests  on  the 
internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  process.  The  angle, 
which  it  forms  by  uniting  with  the  posterior  edge 
of  the  horizontal  portion,  presents  a  very  promi- 
nent pyramidal  eminence,  called  the  tuberosity  of 
the  palate  hone.  Its  upper  margin  is  surmounted 
by  two  eminences ; — the  one,  anterior,  called  the 
orhitar  process  ;  —  the  other  posterior,  the  sphe- 
noid process.  These  two  processes  are  separated 
by  an  almost  circular  notch,  which  the  sphenoid 
bone  forms  into  a  foramen,  called  the  spheno- 
palatine. 

This  bone  appears  to  be  developed  from  a  sin- 
gle point  of  ossification.     It  is  articulated  with 


the  sphenoid,  ethmoid,  the  cornua  sphenoidalia, 
superior  maxillary  bone,  the  inferior  spongy  bone, 
the  vomer,  and  its  fellow. 

Palate,  Cleft,  see  Harelip — p.  Falling  down 
of  the,  Uvulitis  —  p.  Fissured,  see  Harelip  —  p. 
Hard,  Palate — p.  Soft,  Velum  pendulum  palati. 

PAL'ATINE,  Pal'atal,  Palati'nus,  Pal'atic, 
from  palatum,  'the  palate.'  Relating  or  bel  aig- 
ing  to  the  palate. 

Palatine  or  Palatal  Arteries  are  two  in 
number.  They  are  distinguished  into,  1.  The 
superior  palatal  or  palatine,  Palati'na  descen'- 
dens  or  P-il'ato-max'illary,  which  leaves  the  in- 
ternal maxillary  behind  the  top  of  the  orbit;  de- 
scends into  the  pterygo-maxillary  fissure,  and 
enters  the  posterior  maxillary  canal.  Its  branches 
are  distributed  to  the  velum  palati  and  the  nasal 
fossae!.  2.  The  inferior  or  ascending  paZniMie  or 
palatal,  which  is  very  small,  and  separates  from 
the  facial  near  its  origin.  It  passes  along  the 
lateral  and  superior  part  of  the  pharynx,  between 
the  pillars  of  the  velum  palati,  and  divides  into 
a  number  of  ramusculi,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  pharynx,  the  corresponding  tonsil,  the  Eus- 
tachian tube,  and  the  velum  palati. 

Palatine  Canals  or  Ducts.  These  are  two 
in  number.  The  anterior,  Pucttis  incisi'vus  seu 
Nasa'lo-palati'nus,  Inci'sive  canal,  is  situate  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  palatine  arch,  and  is 
formed  by  the  two  superior  maxillary  bones.  It 
is  single  beneath,  but  opens  above  by  two  aper- 
tures, one  into  each  nasal  fossa.  The  foramen  is 
called  Fora'men  incisi'vum  seu  Palati'nnm  ante'- 
rius  seu  Alveola're  ante'rius  seu  cacum  ossia 
maxilla'ris  superio'ris.  The  posterior  palatine 
canal  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  palate. 
It  is  formed  by  the  palate  and  superior  maxillary 
bones,  ascends  between  these  two  bones,  and,  in 
its  course,  gives  rise  to  two  or  three  small  acces- 
sory palatine  canals,  which  open  above  the  tuber- 
osity of  the  palate  bone.  It  transmits  the  nerves 
and  vessels  which  bear  its  name.  The  foramen 
is  called,  F.  Palati'nnm  poste'rius  seu  Palato- 
maxilla're  seu  alveola're  poste'rius. 

Palatine  Membrane  is  the  fibro-mucous  mem- 
brane that  lines  the  palate  or  roof  of  the  mouth. 

Palatine  or  Palatal  Nerves,  Guttwo-pala- 
tins  (Ch.),  are  three  in  number:  and  arise  from 
the  inferior  part  of  the  spheno-palatine  ganglion. 
1.  The  great  palatine,  Palatin  inferieur  (Ch.), 
is  situate  anteriorly  to  the  two  others,  and  de- 
scends into  the  posterior  palatine  canal ;  gives  a 
nasal  filament  and  a  staphyline  filament,  and  is 
distributed  on  the  palate.  2.  The  middle  pala- 
tine. Guttural  (Ch.),  which  arises  behind  the  pre- 
ceding, enters  one  of  the  accessory  palatine  ca- 
nals, and  is  distributed  to  the  tonsils  and  velum 
palati.  3.  The  little  palatine  nerve,  situate  still 
more  backward  than  the  last,  which  loses  itself 
by  several  filaments  in  the  uvula,  tonsils,  and  fol- 
licles of  the  palatine  membrane. 

PALATITE,  Isthmitis. 

PALATITIS,  Uranisconitis. 

PALATO-GLOSSUS,  Glossostaphylinus. 

PALAT0-PHARYNGEUS,/'Anr!/n>-8<rtjD%- 
li'nus,  StaphyW no-pharyngeiis,  Thyro-p)haryn' go- 
staphyli'nus,  part  of  the  Hypero-pharyngevs,  (F.) 
Palato-pharyngieu,  Stylo-pharyngien  (Ch.).  A 
membranous  muscle,  broader  at  its  middle  than 
at  its  extremities,  and  situate  vertically  in  the 
lateral  paries  of  the  pharynx  and  velum  palati. 
It  includes  the  peristaphylo-pharyngeus,  pha- 
ryngo-staphylinus,  and  thyro -staphylinus  of 
Winslow.  When  the  two  palato-pharyngei  con- 
tract together,  they  depress  the  velum.  They 
elevate  and  shorten  the  pharynx,  and  act  princi- 
pally in  deglutition. 

PAL  A  TO-PHAR  YNGIEN,     Palato-pharyn- 


PALATOSTAPHYLINI 


672 


PALMAR 


geus  —  p.  Salpingeus,  Circumflexus — p.  Salpin- 
gien,  Circumflexus. 

PALATOSTAPHYLINI,  see  Azygos  muscle. 

PALATUM  FISSUM,  Hyperoochasma,  see 
Harelip — p.  Mobile,  Velum  pendulum  palati — p. 
Molle,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  p.  Pendulum, 
Velum  pendulum  palati. 

PALE,  Pollen. 

PALENESS,  Pallor,  Och'rotes,  Ochro'mu, 
Ochri'asia,  Leuco'sis,  Dealba'tio,  Luror,  (F.) 
Pdleur.  Whiteness  of  complexion.  It  appears 
to  be  owing  to  a  diminution  or  alteration  of  the 
blood  circulating  in  the  capillary  vessels,  and  is 
often  a  sign  of  disease. 

PALES  GOULEURS,  Chlorosis. 

PALETTE  (F.),  Pal'mnla,  Fer'ula.  An  in- 
strument of  percussion.  It  has  the  shape  of  a 
spatula  with  a  long  handle  ;  is  made  of  very  light, 
white  wood,  and  has  been  proposed,  by  Mr.  Percy, 
for  what  is  called  the  Ilassatje,  a  kind  of  pressure 
or  kneading,  exerted  by  the  hand  on  the  body 
and  limbs,  to  excite  the  tone  of  the  skin  and  sub- 
jacent tissues. 

Palette  also  means  a  cup  for  bleeding;  and  the 
xiphoid  cartilage  [?]. 

PALETTE  A  PANSEMENT.  A  small  splint 
of  thin,  scooped  wood,  having  the  shape  of  the 
hand,  and  used  to  support  the  hand  in  certain 
cases — when  burnt,  for  example — in  order  to  pre- 
vent the  fingers  from  being  deformed  by  the  cica- 

PALETTE  BE  CABANIS.  An  instrument, 
invented  by  Cabanis  of  Geneva  to  draw  out  the 
extremity  of  the  stylet  when  passed  into  the  nose, 
in  the  operation  for  fistula  lacrymalis.  It  is 
composed  of  two  plates  of  silver,  pierced  with 
several  holes,  and  movable  on  each  other.  To 
use  it,  the  instrument  must  be  carried  into  the 
nose,  so  that  the  holes  of  the  two  plates  corres- 
pond. When  the  end  of  the  stylet  is  received 
into  one  of  these  holes,  it  is  pinched,  by  sliding 
one  of  the  plates  on  the  other,  and  is  easily  with- 
drawn. 

PALEUR,  Paleness. 

PALI  PLAGUE,  see  Plague. 

PALICOU'REA  CROC'EA,  PsycTio'tria 
croc"ea,  Order,  Cinchonacese,  a  native  of  the 
West  Indies,  is  possessed,  according  to  Von  Mar- 
tius,  of  emetic  properties. 

Palicourea  Marcgraa'vii, -Erua  do  rata,  Gal- 
va'nia  Vellozii,  a  native  of  Brazil,  is  poisonous, 
and  employed  there  to  kill  rats  and  mice. 

Palicourea  Opficina'lis,  a  native  of  Brazil, 
is  reputed  to  be  a  powerful  diuretic  in  small 
doses. 

Palicourea  Specio'sa,  Goldshruh,  a  native  of 
New  Granada  and  Brazil.  The  leaves  are  consi- 
dered to  be  antisyphilitic.  The  decoction  in  large 
doses  is  poisonous. 

PALILLO,  Campomanesia  lineatifolia. 

PALIMPISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PALINCOTESIS,  Recrudescentia. 

PALINDROME,  Palindromia. 

PALINDPtOM'IA,  Palin' drome,  from  raXiv, 
'again,'  and  ipoyio?,  'a  course.'  This  word  signi- 
Bes,  with  some,  a  reflux  of  fluids  from  the  exte- 
rior towards  the  interior ;  and,  according  to  others, 
the  relapse  of  an  afi'ection — the  recurrence — Re- 
cnr'sio,  Repetit"io — of  a  paroxysm,  or  disease, — 
Morbus  recidi'vus,  Jlforhi  recur'sus. 

PALINGENESIS,  Regeneration. 

PALLA,  Pila. 

PALLAT,  Vertex. 

PALLIA'TION,  PalUa'tio,  from  palUare,  pal- 
l-iatum,  'to  cover,  mask;'  from  palliuvi,  'a  man- 
tle.' The  act  of  palliating  — that  is,  of  causing 
the  symptoms  of  a  disease  to  mitigate,  without 


curing  it.  The  medical  art  can  frequently  only 
moderate  the  symptoms  of  a  disease,  prevent  it 
from  making  progress,  prolong  the  days  of  the 
patient,  and  diminish  his  sufferings.  This  is 
palUntive  treritment,  (F.)  Traitement  px^illiatif. 

FAJj'LlATHVEjPalliati'vuSjAntipath'iCjEnan- 
tiopath'ic,  (F.)  Palliatif.  A  remedy  or  mode  of 
treatment,  which  only  relieves  a  disease,  without 
curing  it.  The  palliative  treatment — C'lira  pal- 
liati'va,  is  placed  in  antithesis  to  the  radical, 
Cnra  radica'lis  ;  see  Radical. 

PALLIDULUS,  Blafard. 

PALLIDUS  MORBUS,  Chlorosis. 

PALLOR,  Paleness  —  p.  Virginum,  Chlorosis. 

PALM,  Palma,  TiaXaiiri,  Vola,  V.  manui,  Plate' a, 
Thenar,  Ages,  Ayos'tus,  Poe'nlum,  Pat'era,  Su- 
pellex  sen  Stipellee'tile  Diog"eni8,  (F.)  Paume 
ou  Creux  de  la  main.  The  liollow  or  inside  of 
the  hand.  It  is  limited,  without,  by  the  thenar 
eminence,  which  answers  to  the  thumb;  within, 
by  the  hypothenar  eminence,  which  answers  to 
the  little  finger;  above,  by  the  wrist-joint;  and, 
helnw,  by  the  four  fingers. 

Palm,  Gomiito,  see  Toddy. 

PALMA  CHRISTI,  Ricinus  communis  — p. 
Cocos,  Cocos  nucifera — p.  Dactylifera,  Date  tree 
— p.  Humilis,  Musa  paradisiaca — p.  Indica  vina- 
ria  secunda,  see  Toddy — p.  Unguentariorum,  My- 
robalanus. 

VAirSiM  U'TERI  PLICA'TiE,  Arbor  vita 
uteri'nus,  A.  u'teri  viv'ificans.  The  arborescent 
striae  in  the  interior  of  the  cervix  uteri. 

PALMAIRE,  Palmar — p.  Cutane,  Palmaris 
brevis — p.  Grand,  Palmaris  magnus — p.  Grele, 
Palmaris  longus — p.  Long,  Palmaris  longus. 

PALMAR,  Palma'ris,  (F.)  Palmnire,  from 
palma,  'the  palm  of  the  hand.''  That  which 
concerns  the  palm  of  the  hand.  The  palm  has, 
sometimes,  been  divided  into  three  regions,  called 
palmar.  1.  The  external  palmar  region  corres- 
ponds to  the  thenar  eminence.  2.  The  internal 
palmar  region  is  formed  by  the  hypothenar  emi- 
nence :  and,  3.  The  middle  palmar  region  is  the 
hollow  of  the  hand,  (F.)  Creux  de  la  main. 

Paliiar  Aponeuro'sis,  Palmar  fas'cia.  A 
strong  triangular  aponeurosis,  which  arises  from 
the  inferior  tendon  of  the  palmaris  brevis,  and 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus.  It 
covers  the  whole  palm  of  the  hand,  and  adheres, 
somewhat  strongly,  to  the  skin  of  the  part.  The 
palmar  ligaments  are  small,  very  numerous, 
fibrous  fasciae,  which  unite  the  different  bones  of 
the  carpus  and  metacarpus. 

Palmar  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  ou  Crosses  pal- 
maires.  The  curved  extremities  of  the  radial  and 
cubital  arteries  in  the  palm  of  the  hand.  There 
are  two  palmar  arches:  —  the  one,  cubital  or  su- 
perficial,— grande  Arcade  palmaire  of  Chaussier, 
furnishes,  at  its  convexity  towards  the  fingers, 
the  collateral  arteries  of  the  fingers,  and  the  in- 
ternal collateral  of  the  thumb;  the  other,  the 
radial,  profound,  or  deep-seated, — petite  Arcade 
palmaire  of  Chaussier,  is  deep  in  the  palm  of  the 
hand  beneath  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  muscles 
of  the  fingers.  It  gives  some  small  branches 
only  to  the  surrounding  parts.  The  palmar  veins 
accompany  the  corresponding  arteries. 

Palmar  Arteiiies,  see  Palmar  arches  —  p. 
Fascia,  P.  aponeurosis. 

Palmar  Muscles.  These  are  three  in  num- 
ber. 1.  Palma'ris  Magnus,  Flexor  carpi  radia'lis, 
Radia'lis  intern'us,  (F.)  Epitrochlo-mStacarpien 
(Ch.),  Palmaire  grand,  Radial  anterieur.  A  long 
fusiform  muscle,  which  passes  obliquely  from  the 
inner  tuberosity  of  the  humerus  to  the  upper  ex- 
tremity of  the  second  metacarpal  bone.  It  bends 
the  hand.  2.  Palmaris  longus,  Latescen'tis  chorda, 
Ulna'ris   grac"ilis,    (F.)    £pitrochlo- carpi -pal- 


PALMARIS   BREVIS 


673 


PAMPINIFORM   PLEXUS 


maire  (Ch.),  Pcdmaire  long,  P.  grele.  This  muscle 
is  situate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  last.  It  is  very 
slender,  and  passes  from  the  inner  tuberosity  of 
the  humerus  to  the  anterior  annular  ligament  of 
the  carpus,  and  to  the  palmar  aponeurosis,  which 
it  seems  to  form  by  the  vanishing  of  its  fibres.  It 
stretches  the  palmar  aponeurosis,  and  bends  the 
hand.  3.  Palmaria  Brevis,  Caro  quadra'ta,  Car- 
^yia'uB,  (F.)  Palmaire  cntane.  A  small,  thin, 
quadrilateral  muscle ;  situate  before  the  thenar 
eminence.  It  passes  from  the  annular  ligament 
of  the  carpus  to  the  integuments  of  the  palm  of 
the  hand,  which  it  wrinkles  by  its  contraction. 
Palmar  Veins,  see  Palmar  arches. 
PALMARIS  BREVIS,  see  Palmar  muscles  — 
p.  Longus,  see  Palmar  muscles  —  p.  Magnus,  see 
Palmar  muscles. 

PALMETTO,  SAW,  Chamserops  serratula. 
PALMI-PHALANGIENS,  Lumbricales  ma- 
nus. 

PALMISTRY,  Chiromancy. 
PALMOSCOP'IA,  from   -raXuoi,  'palpitation,' 
and  aKOTTtio,  'I  view.'     Investigation  of  the  beat- 
ing of  the  heart  and  pulse.     Prognosis  from  the 
beating  of  the  heart  and  pulse. 
PALMULA,  Date,  Palette. 
PALMUS,  Palpitation — p.  Cordis,  Palpitation 
—  p.  Plumbarius,  Colic,   metallic  —  p.  Vomitus, 
Vomiting. 

PALO  DE  CALENTURAS,  Calenturas— p.  de 
Vacca,  Galactodendron  utile  —  p.  de  Velas,  Par- 
mentiera  cerifera. 

PAL02IMIER,  Gaultheria. 
PALOS  DE  CALENTURA,  Cinchona. 
PALPA'TION,  from  palpare,  palpatim,  (F.) 
palper,  'to  feel.'  The  sense  of  touch.  It  is  also 
used  for  the  mode  of  exploring  diseases  by  feeling 
or  pressing  upon  the  diseased  organ.  A  delicate 
and  discriminating  touch  —  tactus  erudi'tiis  —  is 
important  in  the  diagnoses  of  many  morbid  con- 
ditions. 

PAL'PEBRA,  supposed  to  be  from  palpitare, 
'to  palpitate,'  owing  to  its  frequent  motion.  [?] 
Bleph'aron,  Oper'culum  seu  Cooper' culum  oc'uH, 
Eyelid,  (Prov.)  Eye-hreek,  (Sc.)  Ee-ivinker,  (F.) 
Paupiere.  The  eyelids  are  two  movable  vela, 
situate  in  front  of  the  eye;  which  by  their  sepa- 
ration permit  the  organ  to  receive  the  impression 
of  light,  or  by  their  greater  or  less  occlusion  pro- 
tect it  from  the  influence  of  too  great  light,  or 
from  the  action  of  extraneous  bodies.  They  are 
separated,  above,  from  the  forehead,  by  the.  eye- 
brows;  and,  below,  are  confounded  with  the 
cheeks.  They  are  distinguished  into  tipper,  Pal- 
pebra  major  seu  svperior,  Epicne'lis  —  and  lower, 
Palpehra  minor  seu  inferior,  Hypocoe'Us,  Hypo- 
coe'lum,  Bypoc' ylnm.  The  former  is  much  broader 
and  more  movable  than  the  latter.  They  are 
separated  by  a  transverse  cleft  —  Fissu'ra  pnlpe- 
hra'rum — and  their  edges  are  thick,  and  furnished 
with  the  cilia  or  eyelashes.  Supported  by  the 
tarsal  cartilages,  they  unite  at  the  extremities  of 
the  transverse  diameter  of  the  orbit,  forming  two 
angles,  the  innermost  being  called  the  greater 
angle  of  the  eye,  or  inner  or  greater  canthus  ;  the 
other,  the  lesser,  or  external  angle  or  canthus. 
They  are  formed,  1.  Of  a  thin  dermoid  texture  : 
2.  Of  a  muscular  membrane,  —  a  portion  of  the 
orbicularis  :  3.  Of  a  particular  fibrous  membrane  : 
4.  Of  the  tarsi:  5.  Of  a  mucous  membrane,  —  a 
part  of  the  tunica  conjunctiva. 

Their  vessels  and  nerves  are  called  Palpebral. 
Palpebra  Inferior  Extrorscm  Flexa,  Ec- 
tropion— p.  Tertia,  Valvula  semilunaris. 

PALPEBRiB  SUPBRIORIS  PRIMUS,  Le- 
vator palpobras  superioris. 

PAL'PEBRAL,   Palpehra'lis,   from  palpehra, 
'the  eyelid.'     That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
the  eyelid. 
43 


Palpebral  Arteries  are  those  distributed  to 
the  eyelids.  They  are  two  in  number;  an  upper 
and  a  lower.  The  former  arises  from  the  oph- 
thalmic, a  little  beyond  the  cartilaginous  pulley 
of  the  greater  oblique  muscle,  and  descends  to- 
wards the  upper  eyelid,  over  which  it  is  distri- 
buted. The  latter  arises  at  the  side  of,  and  a 
little  behind,  the  preceding,  and  sends  its  rami- 
fications to  the  lower  eyelid  and  the  neighbouring 
parts.  The  palpebral  veins  have  a  similar  ar- 
rangement ;  except  that  some  of  them  open  into 
the  temporal  and  labial  veins. 

Palpebral  Flux,  Puriform.  A  puriform 
discharge,  furnished  by  the  glands  of  Meibomi- 
us,  when  inflamed;  and  to  which  Scarpa  attri- 
butes fistula  lacrymalis,  in  many  cases. 

Palpebral  Ligaments  are  distinguished  into 
superior  and  inferior.  Some  anatomists,  with 
Winslow,  have  described,  under  this  name,  the 
fibrous  layer  which  is  attached,  —  on  the  one 
hand,  to  the  outer  part  of  the  circumference  of 
the  orbit;  on  the  other,  to  the  tarsal  cartilage? 

Palpebral   Nerves,    Nerves   of  the    eyelids, 
arise,  particularly,  from  the  frontal  and  lachry- 
mal   branches;    from    the    ophthalmic  nerve   of 
Willis ;  and  from  the  facial,  nasal,  and  infra-or- 
bitar  branch  of  the  superior  maxillary  nerve. 
PALPEBRALIS,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 
PALPEBRARUM     APERIENS     RECTUS, 
Levator  palpebrae  superioris — p.  Duo  musciili, 
Orbiculares  palpebrarum. 
PALPEBRATIO,  Nictation. 
PALPITATIO,    Palpitation  —  p.    Arteriarum, 
see    Palpitation — p.    Cordis   trepidans,    Cardio- 
tromus. 

Palpitatio  Mejibrc'rum.  A  term  used  by 
Gaubius  for  involuntary  shaking  of  the  legs. 

PALPITA'TION,  Palpita'tio,  Palmns,  P.  seu 
Tremor  Cordis,  Palpita'tio  seu  Pnha'tio  Cordis, 
Vihra'tio  Cardi'aca  seu  Cordis,  Cardiogmus,  Car- 
diopal'mns,  Suhsul'tio,  Clonus  Palpita'tio,  (Sc.) 
Diint,  Dount,  (F.)  Palpitation,  P.  du  Coeiir,  fronu 
palpitare,  palpitatitm,  '  to  throb.'  A  name  given 
to  the  pulsations  of  the  heart,  when  they  become 
stronger,  more  extensive,  or  more  sensible  to  the 
individual  than  ordinarily.  Palpitations  occur  in 
a  number  of  afl^eetions.  They  are,  sometimes, 
owing  to  organic  diseases  of  the  heart — hypertro- 
phy, inflammation,  <fec, ;  at  others,  to  a  disease 
in  some  other  viscus ;  whilst,  frequently,  they 
are  merely  nervous. 

Palpitation  is  sometimes  felt  in  the  arteries, 
constituting  Palpitatio  Arterio'sn. 
PALPITATION  DU  CCEUR,  Palpitation. 
PALSIED,  Paralytic. 

PALSY,  Paralysis— p.  Bell's,  Paralysis,  Bell's 
— '■  p.  Histrionic,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

Palst,  JjEKV),  Paral'ysis  saturni'na  seu  metal' 
lica,  3folyhdopa'reais,  (P.)  Paralysie  saturnine, 
Illetal'lic  Palsy,  Painters'  Palsy.  The  paralysis 
of  the  upper  extremities  especially,  induced  by 
the  poison  of  lead.  Palsy  of  the  intestines,  thus 
induced,  is  called,  by  Piorry,  Anenteronervie 
saturnine. 

Palsy,  Metallic,  see  Palsy,  lead  —  p.  Paint 
ers',  P.  lead  —  p.  Shaking,  Paralysis  agitans  —  p. 
Trembling,  Paralysis  agitans. 
Palsy  Wort,  Primula  veris. 
PALTA,  Persea  gatissima. 
PALUDAL,  Elodes. 
PALUDAPIUM,  Apium  graveolens. 
PALUDEEN,  Elodes. 
PALUDOSUS,  Elodes. 

PALUS,  Marsh,  Penis — p.  Sanctus,  Guaiacum, 
PALUSTRE,  Elodes. 
PAMBIOMA,  Panbioma. 
PAMOISON,  Svncope. 
PAMPINIFORM  PLEXUS,  Corpus  pampini- 
forme. 


PAMPINIFORME   CORPUS        674 


PANDEMIC 


PAMPINIFORME  CORPUS,  see  Corpus  pam- 
piniforme. 

PAMPLE'GIA,  Panplegia,  from  rrav,  'all,' 
and  TrXiyyo),  'I  strike.'  General  paralysis.  Palsy 
of  the  whole  body. 

PANACE'A,  navaKFia,  CatJiol'icon,  Cathol'icum, 
from  TTav,  'all,'  and  aKtv/xai,  'I  cure.'  Universa'le 
reme'dium,  Panchres'tos.  A  pretended  universal 
remedy.     There  is  no  such  thing  in  existence. 

Panacea  Ducis  Holsati^,  Potassee  sulphas 
—  p.  Duplicata,  Potass*  sulphas  —  p.  Lapsorum, 
Arnica  montana  —  p.  Mercurialis,  Hydrargyri 
submurias  —  p.  Mercurii  rubri,  Hydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxidum  —  p.  Pectoris,  Glechoma  hederacea 
■ — p.  Vegetabilis,  Crocus. 

PANACEE  ANGLATSE,  Magnesice  carbonas. 

PANA'DA,  diminutive  of  Ital.  pane,  'bread,' 

(Lat.  ^jfinis,)  Pana'ta,  Panatel'la.    Bread,  boiled 

in  water  to  the  consistence  of  pap.     Sometimes 

administered  to  the  sick. 

Simple  Bread  Panada  may  be  made  by  put- 
ting any  quantity  of  grated  stale  bread  into 
enough  water  to  form  a  moderately  thick  pulp ; 
covering  it  up,  and  leaving  it  to  soak  for  an 
hour ;  then  beating  it  up  with  two  tablespoonfuls 
of  milk,  and  a  small  portion  of  refined  sugar,  and 
boiling  the  whole  for  ten  minutes,  stirring  all  the 
time. 

PANAIS,  Pastinaca  sativa. 
PANARIS,  Paronychia. 
PANARITIUM,  Paronychia. 
PANARIUM,  Paronychia. 
PANATA,  Panada. 
PANATELLA,  Panada. 

PANAX,  see  Panax  quinquefolium  —  p.  Costi- 
nura,  Pastinaca  opoponax — p.  Heracleum,  Pasti- 
naca opoponax  —  p.  Pastinacea,  Pastinaca  opo- 
ponax. 

Panax  Quinquefo'lium,  Aurelia'na  seu  Ara'- 
lia  Oanaden'sis,  Ginseng,  Ninsing,  Gensang,  Red- 
herry,  Five  fingers.  Same  etymon  as  Panacea. 
Family,  Araliaceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Mo- 
noecia.  This  plant  grows  in  North  America. 
The  root — Panax  (Ph.  U.  S.) — Radix  ginseng — is 
about  the  thickness  of  the  little  finger;  an  inch 
or  two  in  length,  often  dividing  into  two  branches ; 
of  a  whitish-yellow  colour;  wrinkled  on  the  sur- 
face, and  of  a  compact,  almost  horny,  texture. 
It  has  no  smell,  but  a  very  sweet  taste,  combined 
with  a  slight  degree  of  aromatic  bitterness.  It 
is  much  esteemed  by  the  Chinese,  who  pay  a 
high  price  for  it.  It  is  a  gentle  and  agreeable 
stimulan  t. 

Panax  Schinseng,  Asiat'ic  Ginseng,  a  native 
of  Asia,  has  been  usually  confounded  with  the 
last.     The  root,  radix  ninsi,  has  like  virtues. 

PANBIO'MA,  Pambio'ma,  from  nav,  'all,'  and 
^105,  '  life.'  The  original  animating  principle. 
The  general  principle  of  life. 
PANCHRESTOS,  Panacea. 
PANCHYMAGO'GUM,  Pantagn'gnn,  from  ttov, 
'all,'  ■)(yiioi,  'juice,'  and  ayoi,  '  I  drive  away.'  A 
medicine  which  the  ancients  believed  capable  of 
purging  away  all  sorts  of  humours. 

Panchymagogum  Minebale,  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias. 

PANCCENOSUS,  Pandemic. 
PANCCENUS  (MORBUS),  Pandemic. 
PANCRATIUM,  Pancreas. 
PAN'CRBAS,  from  nav,  'all,'  and  Kpta?,  'flesh  ;' 
i.  e.    '  quite    fleshy.'       Callic'reas,    Panera'tixtm, 
Pan'creum,   Lactes,   Pidvi'nar  ventri'culi,    Tntum 
carno'sum,  Gland'ida  saliva'lis  abdom'inis,  Pan- 
cre'ne.  Sweetbread.     A   gland,   deeply  seated   in 
the  abdomen,  and  lying  transversely  on  the  ver- 
tebral column,  between  the  three  curvatures  of 
the  duodenum,  behind  the  stomach,  and  to  the 
right  of  the  spleen.     Its  left  extremity  is  called 
tbn  tail  of  the  pancreas;  it  is  smaller  than  the 


right,  which  is  called  the  head.  At  its  right  por- 
tion, it  has,  almost  always,  a  greater  or  less  pro- 
longation ;  called,  by  Winslow,  and  some  others, 
the  lesser  pancreas,  (F.)  Petit  pancreas,  Pancreas 
of  Aselli,  Pancreas  minus.  The  pancreas  resem- 
bles the  salivary  glands  in  structure,  and  has 
been  called  the  Abdominal  Salivary  Gland.  It  is 
composed  of  lobes  and  granulated  lobules,  dis- 
tinct, and  united  by  areolar  tissue.  From  each 
of  the  granulations  of  these  lobes  arise  the  radi- 
cles of  its  excretory  duct,  which  are  very  delicate, 
and  united  like  veins.  The  duct  itself.  Ductus 
Pancreat'icus  seu  Wirstnigia'niis,  Pancreat'ic 
duct.  Canal  or  Duct  of  Wirsung  or  Wirsungs,  (F.) 
Canal  pancreatiqne,  proceeds  in  a  serpentine 
course  through  the  substance  of  the  organ  ;  and 
when  it  has  reached  behind  the  second  portion 
of  the  duodenum,  it  becomes  free,  and  is  of  the 
size  of  a  crow's  quill.  It  opens  at  an  acute  angle 
into  the  choledoch  duct,  or  proceeds  close  to  it, 
opening  separately  into  the  duodenum.  The 
Pancreatic  arteries  are  very  numerous  aud  small. 
They  proceed  from  the  coeliac,  splenic,  superior 
mesenteric,  right  gastro-epiploic,  coronaria  ven- 
triculi,  and  left  capsular.  Its  veins  open  into 
the  radicles  of  the  vena  porta;  and,  particularly, 
into  the  splenic  and  lesser  mesenteric.  Its  nerves 
emanate  from  the  solar  plexus,  and  its  lympha- 
tics pass  into  ganglions,  to  which  it  gives  its 
name.  The  pancreas  secretes  the  Pancreatic 
juice,  Succus  seu  Liquor  Pancreat'icus,  Lympha 
Pancrea'tis,  (F.)  Sua  pancreatiqne,  which  re- 
sembles the  saliva.  When  this  juice  is  mixed 
with  amylaceous  matters,  it  converts  them  into 
dextrin  and  glucose.  Its  great  use  appears,  how- 
ever, to  be,  to  emulsify  fatty  matters  by  virtue  of 
a  peculiar  albuminoid  principle — pancreatin  — 
coagulable  by  heat  or  alcohol,which  it  contains. 
Pancreas  of  Aselli,  see  Pancreas  —  p.  Mi- 
nus, see  Pancreas — p.  Petit,  see  Pancreas  —  p. 
Second,  Brunner's  glands. 

PANCREATAL'GIA,  from  pancreas,  and 
aXyog,  '  pain.'     Pain  or  disease  of  the  pancreas. 

PANCREATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  pancreas, 
and  eiKiipacaia,  'I  obstruct.'  Obstruction  of  the 
pancreas. 

PANCREAT'IC,  Pancreat'icus,  (F.)  Pancria- 
tique.  Same  etymon  as  Pancreas.  Relating  to 
or  affecting  the  pancreas. 

Pancreatic  Arteries,  see  Pancreas — p.  Duct, 
see  Pancreas — p.  Juice,  see  Pancreas — p.  Nerves, 
see  Pancreas  —  p.  Veins,  see  Pancreas. 

Pancreat'ic  Sarco'ma  of  Ab'ernetht,  Em- 
phy'ma  sarco'ma  pancreat'icum.  A  tumour,  in 
irregular  masses,  connected  by  loose  fibrous  sub- 
stance, like  the  irregular  masses  of  the  pancreas. 
Found  in  the  areolar  substance;  but,  more  usu- 
ally, in  lymphatic  glands,  chiefly  in  the  female 
breast. 

PANCREATIN,  see  Pancreas. 
PANCREATI'TIS,  Infiamma'tio  pancrea'tis, 
(F.)  Inflammation  du  Pancreas,  from  j^ancreas, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  pancreas; — an  affection,  the  phenomena 
of  which  are  not  well  known. 

PAN'CREATOID,  from  pancreas,  and  siiof, 
'  appearance.'  PancreatoV des.  A  tumour  re- 
sembling the  pancreas  in  structure. 

PANCREATON'CUS,     from    paiicreas,     and 
oyKog,  'a  swelling.'     Tumour  of  the  pancreas. 
PANCRENE,  Pancreas. 
PANCREUM,  Pancreas. 

PANDA'LEA,  Panda'leum.    A  kind  of  lozenge 
used  by  the  Arabian  physicians. 
PANDALEUM,  Pandalea. 
PANDALITIUM,  Paronychia. 
PANDEMIA,  Pandemic. 

PANDEM'IC,  Pan'demy,  Pande'mia,  Morbua 
Pande'mius  seu  Pande'mus  seu  Pancce'nus,  Pan' 


PANDllMIE 


675 


PAPAVER 


coeno'sus,  (F.)  Pandeniie ;  from  irnv,  'all,'  and 
i)7f<oy,  '  people.'  An  epidemic  which  attacks  the 
whole,  or  a  great  part,  of  the  populatien. 

PANDEMIE,  Pandemic. 

PANDEMY',  Pandemic. 

PANDICULA'TION,  Pandhuln'tio,  Scordine'- 
ma,  Scordinis'mus,  Clonus  Pandicala'tio,  from 
■pnndicalari,  (pandere,  'to  stretch  out,')  'to 
stretch  as  one  awaking  from  sleep.'  Stretching, 
Hal'ices,  (pi.)  An  action,  which  consists  in  ele- 
vating the  upper  limbs,  and  throwing  the  head 
and  trunk  backwards,  at  the  same  time  that  the 
lower  limbs  are  extended.  This  series  of  motions 
of  the  extensor  muscles  is  in  some  measure  in- 
dependent of  the  will,  and  is  accompanied  with 
yawning,  which  is  equally  involuntary.  In  the 
state  of  health,  stretching  occurs  before  and  after 
sleep  ;  especially  when  we  are  fatigued.  It  is 
also  observed  at  the  onset  of  certain  paroxysms 
of  fever,  hysteria,  &c. 

PANDOCE'UM,  Pandochi'iim,  Pandoci'um, 
from  TTav,  '  all,'  and  h^ofiai,  '  to  receive.'  An  inn 
that  receives  all  classes.  A  general  hospital,  or 
one  that  admits  all  cases. 

PANDOCHIUM,  Pandoceum. 

PANDOCIUM,  Pandoceum. 

PANHIDRO'SIS,  from  irav,  'all,'  and  'i^pcotrif, 
sweating.'  Sudor  universa'lis.  Sweating  over 
the  whole  body. 

PANHYPEREMIA,  Plethora. 

PANIC  D'lTALIE,  Panicum  Italicum. 

PANICAUT,  Eryngium  campestre — p.  Mari- 
time, Brynsjium  maritimum. 

PANIC  GRASS,  ITALIAN,  Panicum  Italicum. 

PANICUM  DACTYLON,  Cynodon  dactylon. 

Pan'icum  Ital'icitm,  from  panis,"  bread,'  Ital'- 
ian  Panic  Grass,  Indian  3[iUet,  Guinea  Corn, 
Parba'does  Millet,  Ifil'ium  In'dioum,  Sorghum, 
HolcHS  Sorghum,  (P.)  Millet  des  oisenux  ou  & 
grappes,  Panic  d'ltalie.  Nat.  Ord.  Graminea. 
The  seed — Mil'ii  Sem'ina — are  much  esteemed  in 
Italy,  being  a  constant  ingredient  in  soups,  and 
made  into  a  variety  of  forms  for  the  table. 

Panicum  Milia'ceum,  P.  mil'ium,  Common  Mil- 
let, Milium,  M.  Pan'icum  seu  Esculent' nm,  Cen- 
chroH,  Cenchrus,  (F.)  illllot  ordinaire.  Mil.  Mil- 
let-seed are  esteemed  a  nutritious  article  of  diet, 
and  are  often  made  into  puddings. 

Panicum  Milium,  P.  railiaceum. 

PANIS  CANICACEUS,  see  Canicse— p.  Ciba- 
rius  seu  seeundarius,  Syncomistos — p.  Cuculi, 
Oxalis  acetosella — p.  Porcinus,  Cyclamen. 

PANIV'ORODS,  Paniv'orus,  from  panis, 
'bread,'  and  voro,  'I  devour.'  Subsisting  on 
bread. 

PANNI,  Swathing  clothes. 

PANNICLE,  Membrane. 

PANNICULE  CHARNU,  Panniculus  car- 
nosus. 

PANNICULUS,  diminutive  of  pannus,  cloth. 
A  piece  of  fine  cloth.     Pterygion. 

Panniculus  Adiposus,  Cellular  membrane. 

Panniculus  Carno'sus,  Tu'nica  car7io'sa,  Mus- 
cular Web,  Blantle,  (F.)  Pannictde  charnue,  is  a 
general  covering  found  in  the  quadruped,  and 
formed  by  a  thin,  subcutaneous  muscle,  which 
serves  to  move  the  skin.  It  exists  only  in  cer- 
tain parts  of  the  human  body,  —  as  in  the  fore- 
head, where  it  is  formed  by  the  occipito-frontalis ; 
in  the  neck,  by  the  platysma  myoides;  and,  in 
the  scrotum,  by  the  cremaster  muscle. 

Panniculus  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  p.  Hyme- 
nasus,  Hymen — p.  Virginalis,  Hymen. 

PANNIKELL,  Cranium. 

PANNUS.  A  piece  of  cloth.  This  word  has 
several  other  meanings,  many  of  which  are  equi- 
vocal. It  means  a  tent  for  a  wound,  and,  also, 
an  irregular  naevus  or  mark  on  the  skin.  —  Cas- 
telli.     Modern   ophthalmologists   apply  it  to  an 


opake  and  vascular  condition  of  the  anterior 
membrane  of  the  cornea,  almost  invariably  pro- 
duced by  the  continuance  of  purulent  or  strumous 
ophthalmia,  or  by  chronic  inflammation  of  the 
cornea.  This  part  becomes  nebulous,  covered 
with  red  vessels,  and  opake.  At  times,  the  scle- 
rotic conjunctiva  undergoes  a  similar  change  to 
that  which  occurs  in  the  corneal  portion. 

Pannus  Hepaticus,  Chloasma — p.  Lenticula- 
ris,  Ephelides. 

PANOCHIA,  Bubo. 

PANOPHO'BIA,  Pantopho'bia,  Panpho'bia, 
Pavopho'bia,  Athj/m'ia,  Pavor,  {¥.)  Fraijeur  noc- 
turne, Souci;  from  Uav,  '  the  god  Pan,'  and  ^o/Jof, 
'fear  ;'  a  panic  or  fear  inspired  by  the  god  Pan, 
according  to  the  opinion  of  the  ancients.  Others 
derive  it,  and  with  more  probability,  from  irav, 
'all,'  and  (polSos,  'fear.'  This  universal  and 
groundless  fear  is  morbid,  and  is  a  symptom  of 
melancholy. 

PANOPHTHALMI'TIS,  from  ,rav,  'all,'  and 
ophthalmitis,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  whole  eye. 

PANPHOBIA,  Panophobia. 

PANPLEGIA,  Pamplegia. 

PANSCLERO'SIS,  from  T,av,  'all,'  and  o-a?- 
puffif,  'hardness.'    Complete  induration  of  a  part. 

PANSE,  Ingluvies. 

PANSEMENT,  Dressing. 

PANSIES.  Viola  tricolor. 

PANSPER'MIA,  from  rrav,  'all,'  and  avepiia, 
'sperm.'  The  theory  of  Dissemination  of  Germs, 
according  to  which,  ova  or  germs  are  disseminated 
over  all  space,  undergoing  development  under 
favourable  circumstances. 

PANSY,  Viola  tricolor. 

PANTAGOGON,  Panchymagogum. 

PANTANANCEPHA'LIA,  from  -av,  Ttavrog, 
'all,'  and  anencepha'lia,  absence  of  brain.  En- 
tire absence  of  brain — the  same  as  anencephalia. 
— L  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

PANTATROPH'IA,  fromrai/,  Trairof, '  all,'  and 
aTpo(pia,  '  atrophy.'     Universal  atrophy. 

PANTHOD'IC,  Panthod'icus,  from  -nav,  ttovto;, 
'all,'  and  'oiog,  'a  way.'  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall,  to  a  course  of  nervous  action 
proceeding  from  one  point  in  all  directions  to 
every  other. 

PANTICES,  Intestine. 

PANTING,  Anhelatio. 

PANTOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera. 

PANTOPHAGISTS,  see  Omnivorous. 

PANTOPHAGUS,  Omnivorous. 

PANTOPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia,  Panophobia. 

PANTOZOOTIA,  Panzootia. 

PANUS,  Phygethlon  — p.  Faucium,  Stomato- 
panus— p.  Inguinalis,  Bubo. 

PANZOOT'IA,  Pantozootia ;  from  uav,  'all,' 
and  ^0)01',  '  animal.'  An  endemic  or  epidemic 
disease  affecting  animals  generally. 

PAP,  Mamma,  Nipple.  Also,  a  soft  food  made 
of  bread  boiled  or  softened  with  water,  (Se.) 
Breadberry . 

Pap  of  the  Hass,  Uvula  —  p.  of  the  Throat, 
Uvula. 

PAPAS  AMERICANUS,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

PAPA'VER,  P.  somniferum,  3fecon,  Lethe'a. 
The  White  Popprj,  Papaver  sati'vum,  (F.)  Pavot 
des  Jardins.  Ord.  Papaveraceaj.  Sex.  Si/s(.  Po- 
lyandria  Monogynia.  The  Capsule  of  the 
White  Poppy,  Co'dia,  KaSta  or  Ku)&£ia,  Sca'phion, 
Papav'eris  Caput  seu  Cap'sula,  Papaver,  (Ph. 
U.  S.,)  Mecon,  Poppyhead,  is  used  in  fomentation 
as  an  anodyne  and  relaxant,  to  infl^jjed  or  ulce- 
rated parts.  The  expressed  oil  of  the  seeds  is 
called  by  the  French  Buile  d'CEillett-'.  It  is  from 
the  poppy  that  Opium— called,  also,  Orinm  The- 
ba'icum,  Meco'nium,  Opion,  Manut  £)ei,  Jjfion 
Affium,  Amphiam,   Afium,   Osoron    L<f4  daniim, 


PAPAVERACEUM 


676 


PAPPEA   CAPENSIS 


Mecon,  Sopio,  (Prov.)  Poppy  pill,  (F.)  Opium  brut 
ou  cm  —  is  procured.  It  is  the  milky  juice  ob- 
tained after  the  flowering  of  the  plant,  by  making 
longitudinal  incisions  in  the  capsules  and  stalks. 
It  is  commonly  obtained  from  the  Levant  or 
India,  where  the  poppy  grows  abundantly.  Opium 
is  a  compound  of  morphia,  narcotina,  meconie 
acid,  codeia,  narcein,  meconin,  caoutchouc,  fecula, 
resin,  oil,  and  several  other  substances.  Turkey 
Opium  is  of  a  heavy  and  slightly  fetid  colour. 
Its  taste  is  nauseous,  bitter,  acrid,  and  warm :  it 
is  in  flat  pieces;  solid  and  tenacious;  of  a  dark 
brown  colour,  and  yellowish  when  powdered  ; 
making  a  light  brown,  interrupted  streak  on 
paper.  In  East  India  Opium,  the  odour  is  the 
same,  and  empyreumatic ;  the  taste  is  less  bitter, 
but  more  nauseous,  and  the  colour  darker.  The 
varieties  of  opium  known  in  commerce  are  the 
Smyrna,  the  Constantinople,  the  Egyptian,  the 
Persian,  and  the  Indian.  Opium  is  stimulant  in 
small  doses;  sedative,  in  large;  narcotic  and  ano- 
dyne; operating  through  the  nervous  system.  It 
is  a  most  valuable  remedy  in  all  painful  affec- 
tions, and  inflammations,  when  given  so  as  to 
produce  its  full,  sedative  effects,  especially  in  pe- 
ritonitis. In  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  it  acts  as  an 
astringent;  and  in  intermittents,  it  will  often  pro- 
vent  the  paroxysm.  In  typhus,  in  small  doses, 
it  acts  as  a  cordial ;  in  larger,  it  allays  irritation 
and  produces  sleep.  When  applied  externally, 
its  narcotic  effects  are  developed:  and,  hence,  it 
Is  a  useful  application  to  irritable  sores,  painful 
tumours,  &o.  Dose.  gr.  :J  to  J  as  a  stimulant;  gr. 
j  to  iv  as  a  sedative. 

Papaver  Cereale,  p.  rhoeas  —  p.  Cornicula- 
tum,  Chelidonium  majus — p.  Erraticum,  P.  rhoeas 
— p.  Luteum,  Chelidonium  majus. 

Papaver  Nigrum.  This  is  merely  a  variety 
of  the  white  poppy,  producing  black  seeds. 

Papaver  Rhgeas.     The  systematic  and  phar- 
macopoeial   name   of  the  Ped  corn-jyopj^y,    Corn 
rose,  Papaver  errat'icum  seu  cerea'le  seu  rubrum, 
Copper  rose,  Red-mailkes,   (F.)    Coquelicot.     The 
heads  of  this  species  contain  a  milky  juice  of  a 
narcotic  quality.     A  syrup.  Si/r'npus  Rhoe'ados, 
of  its  flowers— ^AcBfis  (Ph.  L.  and  E.) — has  been 
directed,  which  has  been    esteemed   diaphoretic 
and  slightly  soothing;  but  is  more  admired  for 
its  colour  than  for  any  other  property. 
PAPAVERACEUM,  Opiate. 
PAPAVERCULUM,  Meconium. 
PAPAVERINE,  Po/3fi?jeri';!cf./  from  papaver, 
'the  poppy.'     An  alkaloid  contained  in  opium; 
but  not  much  investigated. 
PAPAVERTNUM,  Codeine. 
PAPAW  TREE,  Carica  papaya. 
PAPA  YER,  Carica  papaya. 
PAPER,    BLISTERING,    see    Sparadrapum 
vesioatorium. 

PAPIER  EPISPASTIQUE,  see  Sparadra- 
pum vesioatorium. 

PAPIL'LA,  (F.)  Papille — diminutive,  perhaps, 
from  papa,  one  of  the  earliest  cries  of  the  infant, 
ascribed  to  a  craving  for  food.  The  end  of  the 
breast,  the  nipple.  See  Nipple.  An  eminence 
similar  to  a  nipple.  A  name  given  to  small  emi- 
nences, more  or  less  prominent,  at  the  surface  of 
several  parts,  particularly  of  the  skin  and  mu- 
cous membranes,  in  which  latter  situation  they 
are  also  called  villi.  See  Villous.  They  appear 
formed  by  the  ultimate  expansion  of  the  vessels 
and  nerves,  and  are  susceptible,  in  some  cases,  of 
a  kind  of  erection.  They  are  also  called  Papillm 
nervo'scB  seu  Ner'vea-,,  P.  Pyramida'les,  Nervous 
papillcB,  (F.)  PapiUes  ou  Papillea  nerveuses, 
Honppes  nerveuses. 

Papilla  LACRVitALis,  see  Lachrymal  puneta 
—p.  Mammae,  Nipple— p.  Nervi  optici,  see  Optic 
nerve — p.  Pili,  see  Hair. 


Papilla,  see  Corpuscles,  Pacinian — p.  Calyei- 
formes,  see  Papillge  of  the  tongue — p.  Capitatae, 
see  Papillae  of  the  tongue — p.  Circumvallatse,  see 
Papillae  of  the  tongue  —  p.  Conicil.  see  Papillae 
of  the  tongue  —  p.  Conoidal,  see  Pnpillae  of  the 
tongue  —  p.  Filiform,  see  Papillte  of  the  tongue 
—  p.  Fungiform,  see  Papilla  of  the  tongue — y 
Fungoid,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue. 

Papilljs  of  thb  Kidney,  (F.)  Mamelons  dn 
rein,  are  the  projections  into  the  pelvis  of  the 
kidney  of  the  apices  of  the  cones — Pyramids  of 
llalpighi,  Pyram'ides  Malpighia'na — -of  the  tu- 
bular substance  of  the  organ.  They  are  also 
called  Procea' sus  mamilla'res,  Carun'culcB  papil- 
la'res,  and  Papill'a  renum. 

Papillae,  Lenticular,  see  Papillae  of  the 
tongue  —  p.  Maximae,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue 
— p.  Mediae,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue — p.  Min- 
imse,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue — p.  Mucosae,  see 
Papillae  of  the  tongue  —  p.  Nerveae,  Corpuscles, 
Pacinian  —  p.  Nervous,  see  Papilla  —  p.  Pyra- 
midal, see  Papillae  of  the  tongue  —  p.  Pyra- 
midales,  see  Papilla  —  p.  Renum,  see  Papillae  of 
the  kidney  —  p.  Semilenticulares,  see  Papillae  of 
the  tongue. 

PapilLjE  of  the  Tongue  are  very  numerous 
and  marked.  They  are  observed,  particularly,  at 
the  upper  surface  of  the  organ,  and  are  distin- 
guished into — 1.  The  Lentic'ular  papillcs,  PapillcB 
mnco'scB  seu  max'imcB  seu  capita'tcB  seu  valla'tce 
seu  circnm valla' tcB  seu  trunca'tce  seu  calycifor'mes. 
They  are  arranged  at  the  base  of  the  tongue  in 
two  oblique  lines  having  the  shape  of  the  letter 
V;  and  united  angularly  at  the  foramen  cajcum. 
They  have,  in  general,  an  ovoid  or  spherical 
shape,  and  have  seemed  to  be  mucous  follicles 
similar  to  those  of  the  palate,  lips,  &c.  2.  The 
Fun'giform  or  Fungoid  Papillas,  PapillcB  me'dia 
seu  semilentieula'rea,  are  of  indeterminate  number, 
but  always  more  numerous  than  the  preceding. 
They  are  irregularly  disseminated  near  the  edges 
and  the  point  of  the  tongue  ;  have  a  rounded  and 
flattened  head,  supported  by  a  short  and  narrow 
footstalk.  Their  tint  is  whitish.  3.  The  Con'ical, 
Conoid' al  or  Pyram'idal  papillae,  P.  min'imcB  seu 
villo'scB,  are  the  most  numerous  of  all.  Their 
arrangement  is  more  regular  in  the  forepart  of 
the  tongue  than  behind.  They  resemble  small 
cones  ;  the  base  being  towards  the  tongue  and 
the  apex  free.  The  anterior  are  very  small,  and 
have  been  called  Fil'iform  papil'la.  They  ap- 
pear to  be  produced  by  the  terminations  of  the 
filaments  of  the  lingual  nerve,  and  are  surround- 
ed by  an  evident  vascular  network. 

Papilla  Truncat^b,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue 
— p.  Vallatse,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue — p.  Vil- 
losfe,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue. 

PAP'ILLARY,  Papilla'ris,  Papill'ous,  (F.) 
Papillaire,  from  papilla.  Of  or  belonging  to  the 
nipple  or  to  the  papillae. 

Papillary  Body,  Corpus  papillare. 

PAPILLI-AUT-MAMMILLI-FORMIS,  Mas- 
toid. 

PAPILL'IFORM,  PapilUform'is,  from  papilla, 
and  forma,  'form.'  Having  the  shape  or  appear- 
ance of  a  papilla. 

PAPILLO'MA.  A  tumour,  whose  specific  ele- 
ments are  those  of  the  papillas  of  the  normal 
skin;  and  which  consequently  is  composed  of  a 
stem  of  fibrous  or  homogenous  connective  tissue  : 
is  club-shaped,  cylindrical  or  acuminated,  and 
covered  with  a  layer  of  epithelial  cells,  similar  to 
those  of  the  normal  papillae. — Forster. 

PAPILLOUS,  Papillary. 

PAPOOSE  ROOT,  Cauiophyllum  thalictroides. 

PAPPE,  Mamma. 

PAPPEA  CAPEN'SIS.  A  small  tree  of  the 
Nat.  Ord.  Sapindaceae,  common  in  Cafferland, 
the  fruit    of  which    is    called    Wild  Plums.     It 


PAPPUS  AMERICANUS 


677 


PARAGLOSSA 


furnishes  a  vinous  beverage,  and  excellent  vine- 
gar. Its  kernel  contains  an  oil,  which,  although 
eatable,  is  somewhat  cathartic,  and  is  recom- 
mended as  an  external  application  in  tinea 
capitis,  alopecia,  &c. 

PAPPUS  AMERICANUS,  Solanum  tubero- 
sum. 

PAP'ULA.  Akin  to  papUUi.  A  pimple,  Ex- 
or'min,  {¥rov.)  Pouke,  Puckle,  (Sc.)  Pliike,  Plauk, 
(F.)  Papule,  Bouton,  Bourgeon.  A  small,  acu- 
minated elevation  of  the  cuticle,  with  an  inflamed 
base  ;  very  seldom  containing  a  fluid,  or  suppu- 
rating, and  commonly  terminating  in  scurf  or 
desquamation.  An  eruption  of  pimples  is  called, 
in  Devonshire,  Murfles. 

PapulcB  form  the  first  order  of  Willan  and 
Bateman's  arrangement  of  cutaneous  diseases. 

Papula  Agria,  Lichen  agrius  —  p.  Fera,  Her- 
pes exedens — p.  Miliaris,  Miliary  fever  —  p.  Ty- 
phosa,  Spots,  red. 

Papula,  Lichen — p.  Siccas,  Lichen — p.  Sudo- 
ris.  Miliary  fever  —  p.  Sudorales,  Sudamina. 

PAPULAR,  Papulose. 

PAPULEUX,  Papulose. 

PAP'ULOSE,  Papnlo'sus,  Pap'ulous,  Papula'- 
tus,  Pimpled,  Paii'ular,  Papula'na,  (F.)  Papu- 
leux,  from  papula.  Of  or  belonging  to,  resem- 
bling, or  covered  with,  papulfe  or  pimples. 

PAQUERETTE  VIVACE,  Bellis. 

PAR  NERVO'RUM,  Sy?.'y'ji  nervo'rum.  A 
pair  of  nerves. 

Par  Nonum,  Hypoglossus — p.  Opticum  Nervo- 
rum, Optic  nerve — p.  Primum  nervorum  cerebri. 
Olfactory  nerve  —  p.  Quartum,  Pathetic  nerve — 
p.  Quintum  nervorum  cerebralium,  Trigemini — p. 
Secundum  nervorum.  Optic  nerve — p.  Septimum 
sive  faciale,  Facial  nerve — p.  Tertium,  Motores 
oculorum — p.  Trigeminum,  Trigemini — p.  Trium 
funiculorum,  Trigemini  —  p.  Vagus,  Pueumogas- 
tric  —  p.  Visorius,  Optic  nerve. 

PARA,  Tzapa,  a  common  prefix,  'by,  near,  con- 
trary to,  through,'  (per;)  'above  and  beyond,' 
[ultra  ;)  'besides,'  (premier.)  In  certain  terms,  as 
in  Paracusis,  Parapsis,  Paj-abysma,  &c.,  used 
by  Dr.  Good,  para  means  a  defective  or  morbid 
condition. 

Para  Nut,  see  Pichurim  beans. 

PARABAL'ANUS,  from  7:apa(^a\\uv,  {rrapa, 
and  ^aWuv,  'to  cast,')  'to  expose  one-self.'  A 
name  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  a  person  who  de- 
voted himself  to  the  service  of  the  sick  in  hos- 
pitals;  and  particularly  during  epidemics  and  the 
plague. 

PARABYS'MA,  from  vapa,  and  fivm;  'to  stuff.' 
Infarction  or  engorgement  of  an  organ — as  Para- 
hysma  Lie'nis,  Engorgement  of  the  spleen. 

Parabysma  MESENTERicuir,  Tabes  mesente- 
rica. 

PARABYS'TIA,  same  etymon.  Engorgement 
or  infarction  of  an  organ  with  blood. 

PARACELSIS'TA,  ParaceV sist,  Paracd'sian; 
from  Paracelsus.     A  follower  of  Paracelsus. 

PARACELSISTICA  MEDICINA,  see  Spagy- 
rists. 

PARACENTE'RIUM.  Same  etymon  as  the 
next.  Woolhouse  has  given  this  appellation  to  a 
small  trocar,  employed  by  Nuck  for  puncturing 
the  eye  in  eases  of  dropsy  of  that  organ. 

PARACENTE'SIS,  Perfora'tio,  Punc'tio, 
Punctu'ra,  Cenembate'sts,  Cente'sis,  ComjJunc'tio, 
(F.)  Paraeentese,  from  TrapaKcvrtoi,  (irapa,  and 
KcvTcoi,  'I  pierce,')  'I  pierce  through.'  Puncture. 
The  operation  of  tapping  to  evacuate  the  collected 
fluid  in  ascites,  ovarial  dropsy,  &o. 

Paracentesis,  Puncturing — p.  Thoracis,  Tho- 
racocentesis. 

PARACENTETERION,  Trocar. 

PARACENTICION,  Trocar. 

PARACEPH'ALUS,  (F.)   Paraciphale,   from 


napa,  'defective,'  and  KC(f)a\ri,  'head.'  A  genus 
of  monsters,  with  the  head  badly  formed,  but 
voluminous;  the  face  distinct,  with  a  mouth  ;  rn- 
dimental  sensorial  organs,  and  thoracic  members. 

PARACHRCE'A,  from  joara,  and  xP""^!  'colour.' 
Morbid  change  of  colour  of  the  surface,  especially 
of  the  face. 

PARACHROMA,  Achromatopsia. 

PARACHROSIS,  Decoloration. 

PARACTNE'SES,  (G.)  Parakinesien,  from 
para,  and  kivijcti;,  'motion.'  Diseases  of  the 
motor  nerves,-  morbid  movements  of  voluntary 
muscles. 

PARACMASIS,  Decline. 

PARACMAS'TIC,  Paracmas'ticits,  from  tto- 
poK/ia^u,  [piara,  and  aKuri,  'the  highest  point,')  'I 
decrease.'  Decreasing.  An  epithet  for  a  distem- 
per, which  gradually  decreases.  Also,  according 
to  Galen,  the  period  of  life  when  a  person  is  said 
to  grow  old,  which  he  places  at  from  ^5  to  40, 
after  which  he  is  said  to  be  old — a  definition  that 
would  not  suit  us  at  the  present  day. — Gorrseus, 
and  Castelli. 

PARACMASTICOS,  see  Acmasticos. 

PARACME,  Decline. 

PARACOE,_see  Cophosis,  Paracusis. 

PARAC'OPE,  Paraph'ora,  Paracru'sis,  from 
■n-apaKOTTTU),  (para,  and  /co-ru,  'I  strike,')  'I  strike 
falsely.'  Delirium.  In  Hippocrates,  it  means 
the  slight  delirium  which  sometimes  occurs  in 
febrile  diseases. 

PARACOUSIA,  see  Cophosia. 

PARAC'RISES,  (G.)  Parakrisien:  from 
para,  and  xpiais,  'secretion.'  Diseases  of  the 
secretory  function. — Fuchs. 

PARACRUSIS,  Paracope. 

PARACUSIS,  Cophosis.  Also,  perverted  au- 
dition. 

Paracu'sis  Acris,  Audi'tus  a'crior,  Paracu'aia 
oxycoi'a,  from  para,  and  iiKovais,  '  the  act  of 
hearing.'  The  hearing  painfully  acute,  and  into- 
lerant of  the  lowest  sounds ;  a  symptom  in 
otalgia,  epilepsy,  cephalitis,  and  febrile  affec- 
tions. 

Paracusis  Doplicata,  Double  hearing  —  p 
Imaginaria,  Tinnitus  aurium  —  p.  Imperfects^ 
Double  hearing,  P.  perversa  —  p.  Obtusa,  Barye- 
coia — p.  Oxj'coia,  P.  acris. 

Paracusis  Perver'sa,  P.  Willisia'na  seu  im  . 
perfec'ta.  Perverse  hearing.  The  ear  only  sensi- 
ble to  articulate  sounds,  when  excited  by  other 
and  louder  sounds  intermixed  with  them. — Good. 

Paracusis  Sqrditas,  see  Cophosis  —  p.  Willi- 
siana,  Paracusis  perversa. 

PARACYCLE'SES,  (G.)  Parakyklesen, 
from  para,  and  KvKXrjan,  (kvkXos,  'a  circle,')  'cir- 
culation. Diseases  of  the  blood  as  regards  its 
distribution  and  motion. — Fuchs. 

PARACYESIS,  Pregnancy,  morbid,  Pregnan- 
cy, preternatural — p.  Abortus,  Abortion — p.  Tu- 
baria,  Salpingocyesis._ 

PARACYNAN'CHE,  (para,  and  cynanche.) 
Inflammation  of  the  external  muscles  of  the  la- 
rynx.    According  to  others,  a  slight  cynanche. 

PARESTHESIA,  Paresthesis  —  p.  Olfactoria, 
Parosmia. 

PARESTHESIS,  Paresthesis  —  p.  Auditfis 
flacca,  Proptoma  auricularum. 

PARETHENAR,  Parathenar. 

PARAGEUSIS,  Ageustia.  Also,  perversion 
of  taste,  Parageu'sia,  Parageust'ia,  Allot rioge us' - 
tia,   Gustus  depirava'tus,   from  para,  and  yevoig, 

PARAGEUSTIA,  Parageusia. 

PARAGLOSSA,  Paroglon'se,  from  para,  and 
yXwaaa,  'the  tongue;'  Swelling  of  the  tongue; 
Dyspha'gia  Linguo'sa,  Glaesomegis'tus,  Macro 
glus'sa,  Prolap'sus  lingucB.  Sauvages,  under  the 
term  Paragloasa  deglutito'ria,  means  a  pretended 


PAEAGOGE 


678 


PARAPHONIA 


doubling  of  the  tongue  into  the  pharynx,  (F.) 
Renversenient  de  la  langiie.      See  Glossocele. 

PARAGOGE,  Abduction,  Coaptation. 

PARAGOMPHO'SIS,  Paragomphosia  cap'itia, 
from  para,  and  yo^Kliixxn;,  '  a  nailing.'  Incomplete 
■wedging  of  the  head  of  the  child  in  the  pelvis 
during  labour. 

PARAKINESIEN,  Paracineses. 

PAEAKRTSIEN,  Paracrises. 

PARAKYKLESEN,  Paraeycleses. 

PARALALIA,  Mogilalia  —  p.  Nasalis,  Rhino- 
phonia. 

PARALAMP'SIS,  -napaXaji-^ii,  from  -rapaXan- 
T!u>,  [irapa,  and  Xaiivu),  'I  shine,')  'I  shine  at  the 
side  of;'  3Iac'ula  eorneoB  margarita'cea,  Perla. 
A  cicatrix  on  the  transparent  part  of  the  eye. — 
Hippocrates. 

PARALEREMA,  Delirium. 

PARALLAGE,  Insanity. 

PAPbALLAGMA,  Chevanchement. 

PAPiALLAXIS,  Chevauchement,  Insanity. 

PARALLE'LA.  A  kind  of  scurfy,  cutaneous 
eruption,  affecting  the  palms  of  the  hands,  in 
parallel  lines,  and  symptomatic  of  the  venereal 
dis'.ase. — Forestus. 

PARALLELISM  OP  DISEASES,  Isopathia. 

PARALOGIA,  Delirium. 

PARALOPH'IA,  from  para,  and  >o<pia,  'the 
first  vertebra  of  the  back.'  The  lower  and  lateral 
part  of  the  neck,  near  the  vertebrae. — Keil. 

PARAL  YSE,  Paralytic. 

PARAL  YSIE,  Paralysis — p.  ifnsculaire  atro- 
pTiique,  Atrophic  musculaire,  progressive — p.  Sa- 
turnine, Palsy,  lead. 

PARAL'YSIS,  Par'esis,  Resolu'tio  memhro'- 
rum  seu  nervo'rum,  Cams  paralysis,  Catal'yxis, 
(F.)  Paralysie,  Resolution  des  memhres ;  Aneu'- 
ria,  Anev'ria,  Anervismie, — Piorry  ;  Palsy;  from 
itapa\vij>,  (rapa,  and  Xtiu,  'I  loosen,')  'I  relax.' 
Abolition  or  great  diminution  of  the  voluntary 
motions,  3Iyoparal'ysis,  and  sometimes  of  sensa- 
tion, in  one  or  more  parts  of  the  bodj'. 

Palsy  is  said  to  be  local,  when  it  affects  only  a 
few  muscles.  When  it  extends  to  half  the  body, 
vertically  or  horizontally,  it  is  called  Hemiple'- 
gia  or  Paraple'gia.  It  is  commonly  symptoma- 
tic of  disease  of  the  brain  or  of  the  nerves  them- 
selves, and  is  a  frequent  accompaniment,  precur- 
sor, or  successor  of  apoplexy, — Phrenoparal'ysis. 
The  immediate  cause  is,  generally,  pressure, 
either  by  blood  effused,  or  by  serum,  or  by  vas- 
cular turgescence.  At  its  onset,  therefore,  blood- 
letting may  be  advisable;  but,  afterwards,  the 
disease  becomes  one  of  nervous  debility,  and  re- 
quires stimulants  to  the  paralyzed  parts,  or  to 
the  mucous  membranes,  —  frictions,  sinapisms, 
blisters,  the  moxa,  baths,  electricity,  galvanism, 
purgatives,  and  the  nux  vomica,  -which  last  has 
the  property  of  exciting  movements  -where  the 
will  has  no  longer  power.  The  disease  generally 
admits  only  of  palliation,  and  is  extremely  apt  to 
recur. 

Paralysis,  Primula  veris. 

Paral'vsis  Ag"itans,  P.  trem'ula,  Syn'clonus 
hallis'rnus,  Scelotyr'he  festi'nans,  Tremor,  Tromos, 
Shaking  Palsy,  Trembling  Palsy.  A  variety  of 
tremor,  in  which  the  muscles  are  in  a  perpetual 
alternation  of  contraction  and  relaxation. 

Paralysis,  Bell's,  Bell's  Palsy,  Histrion'ic 
Paral'ysis  or  Palsy,  Paral'ysis  facia'lis,  Proso- 


-  _  -    , riprosople'gi^. 

The  paralysis  of  the  face  induced  by  a  lesion  of 
the  portio  dura,  has  been  called  Bell's  Palsy, 
owing  to  Sir  Charles  Bell  having  been  one  of  the 
first  to  investigate  it  minutely. 

Paralysis  Bkriberia,  Beriberi— p.  Extremi- 
tatum,   Acro-paralysis  — p.    Facialis,    Paralysis, 


Bell's — p.  Hemiplegia,  Hemiplegia — p.  Histrionic, 
Paralysis,  Bell's — p.  of  the  Insane,  Dementia 
paralytica  —  p.  Intestini  recti,  Proctoparalysis  — 
p.  Intestinorum,  Enteroparalysis  —  p.  Linguae, 
Glossolysis  —  p.  Medullaris,  Paraplegia  —  p.  Me- 
tallica,  Palsy,  lead — p.  Nervi  hypoglossi,  Glosso- 
plegia — p.  Nervi  vagi  in  parte  thoracica.  Asthma 
— p.  Nervorum  thoracis,  &c.,  Stethoparalysis — p. 
from  Poisons,  P.  Venenata — p.  Rachialgia,  Colic, 
metallic  —  p.  Saturnine,  Palsy,  lead  —  p.  Scorbu- 
tica, Pellagra — p.  Spinalis,  Paraplegia  —  p.  Tro- 
mula.  Paralysis  agitans. 

Paral'ysis  Venena'ta,  Paralysis  e  vene'nis, 
Paralysis  from  poisons.  Paralysis,  the  result  of 
poisonous  substances — as  of  lead,  mercury,  arse- 
nic, ergot,  &c. 

Paralysis  e  Venenis,  P.  Venanata — p.  Ven- 
triculi,  Gastroparalysis. 

'PARALYT'IC,  Paralyt'icus,  Par'ahjzed,  Pal'. 
sied,  (F.)  Paralyse,  Paralytique.  Same  etymon 
as  Paralysis.     Aifected  with  or  causing  paralysis. 

Paralytic  Stroke,  see  Stroke,  paralytic. 

PARALYZED,  Paralytic. 

PARAME'NIA,  from  para,  and  jiriv,  'a  month ,' 
3fenstrua'tio  anom'ala.  Menses  anom'alcB,  3Iis- 
menstruaiion.  DifBcult  menstruation.  Disordered 
menstruation. 

Paramenia  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhoea  —  p. 
Erroris,  Menstruation,  vicarious  —  p.  Obstructio- 
nis,  see  Amenorrhoea  —  p.  Profusa,  Menorrhagia 
— p.  Superflua,  Menorrhagia. 

PARAME'RIA,  nupaixvpia,  from  para,  and 
unpos,  'the  thigh.'  The  internal  parts  of  the 
thigh. 

PARAMESOS,  Annular  finger,  see  Digitus. 

PARAMO  DE  RUIZ,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  remarkable  acid  spring  in  New  Granada. 
It  contains  free  sulphuric  and  chlorohydric  acids, 
and  has  a  temperature  of  157°  Fahr. 

PARANEPHRI'TIS,  from  para,  and  nephritis, 
'inflammation  of  the  kidney.'  Inflammation  of 
the  renal  capsules,  Inflamrna'tio  renwn  succentu- 
riato'rnm. 

PARANCEA,  Delirium,  Dementia. 

PARANYMPH'US,  from  jaara,  and  vvynpn,  'a 
young  spouse,'  'a  bride.'  A  name  given  by  the 
ancients  to  him  who  led  the  bride  to  the  house  of 
her  husband.  The  term  was  adopted  into  the 
ancient  schools  of  medicine  to  designate  the 
usual  discourse  pronounced  at  the  end  of  the  pre- 
scribed period  of  study  for  licentiate,  in  which 
the  qualifications  and  merits  of  the  candidate 
were  described. 

PARAPATHIA,  Pathomania. 

PARAPECHYON,  Radius. 

PARAPHIA,  Parapsis. 

PARAPHIMO'SIS,  Penphimo'sia,  Circnm- 
ligatu'ra,  Phimo'sis  circumliga'ta.  Penis  lipo- 
derni'us,  from  para,  and  iptpouj,  '  I  bridle.'  Stran- 
gulation of  the  glans  penis,  owing  to  the  opening 
of  the  prepuce  being  too  narrow.  It  frequently 
happens  in  persons  affected  with  phimosis,  when 
the  prepuce  has  been  pushed  violently  behind  the 
base  of  the  glans,  during  copulation,  &c.  In 
paraphimosis,  the  narrow  and  resisting  aperture 
of  the  prepuce  forms,  behind  the  corona  glandis, 
a  kind  of  ligature,  which  strangulates  the  part, 
causes  it  to  swell  and  inflame,  and  even  to  be- 
come gangrenous.  Attempts  must  be  made  to 
bring  back  the  prepuce.  These  excite  consider- 
able pain,  yet  they  must  be  persevered  in  for 
some  time;  and  should  they  not  succeed,  the 
rings,  formed  by  the  tumefied  prepuce,  must  be 
cut  transversely,  and  the  antiphlogistic  treatment 
be  adopted. 

PARAPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 

PARAPHO'NIA,  from  joara,  and  (Poovr;,  'the 
voice.'  Affection  of  the  voice,  when  its  cbaiae* 
ter  or  timbre  is  less  agreeable. 


PARAPHOKA 


679 


PAREIRA 


Paraphonia  Clangens,  Oxyphonia  —  p.  Gut- 
turalis,  Asaphia — p.  Nasalis,  Rhinophonia  —  p. 
Puberum,  Hirquitalitas — p.  Rauca,  Raucedo — p. 
Ulcerosa,  Oxyphonia. 

PARAPHORA,  Delirium,  Paracope. 

PARAPHRENESIS,  Paraphrenitis  —  p.  Dia- 
phragmatica,  Diaphragmitis. 

PARAPHRENIE,  Insanity. 

PARAPHRENI'TIS,  from  para,  and  (pptvti, 
'the  diaphragm;'  Pai-aphi-ene'sis,  (F.)  Para- 
phrenesie.  A  name  given  to  inflammation  of  the 
diaphragm,  (see  Diaphragmitis,)  which  was  sup- 
posed always  to  produce  delirium  : — as  well  as  to 
the  delirium  itself  accompanying  that  affection. 
See  Phrenitis. 

PARAPHROSTNE,  Delirium. 

PARAPHROTES,  Delirium. 

PARAPLAS'TIC,  Paraplas'ticus,  from  para, 
and  n-AooTi/cof,  'formative.'  Possessed  of  depraved 
formative  powers, — as  Carcinoma,  Encephaloma, 
Melanosis,  &c. 

PARAPLE'GIA,  Paraplex'ia,  RacMoparal'y- 
eis,  Rhachioparal'ysia,  Jihachiople'gia,  Jlyelo- 
paral'ysia,  Paralysis  spina'lia  seu  Medulla'ris, 
Cams  paralysis  paraple'gia,  (F.)  Paraplegic, 
from  para,  and  ttX^jo-o-u,  'I  strike.'  Palsy  of  the 
lower  half  of  the  body,  including  the  bladder  and 
rectum.  It  is,  generally,  owing  to  disease  of 
some  part  of  the  cerebro-spinal  axis ;  especially 
of  the  spinal  portion.  The  ancients  sometimes 
used  the  term  for  incomplete  apoplexy.  Some 
authors  have,  also,  made  a  distinction  between 
paraplegia  and  paraplexia,  —  using  the  former 
for  partial  apojilexy, —  the  latter  for  general  or 
comj}lete  apoplexy. 

PARAPLEURITIS,  Pleurodynia. 

PARAPLEXIA,  Paraplegia. 

PARAPOPHYSES,  see  Vertebra. 

PARAP'OPLEXY,  Parapoplex'ia,  from  para, 
and  ajTonXn^ia,  'apoplexy.'  False  apoplexy;  a 
soporous  state,  resembling  apoplexy;  and  espe- 
cially that  which  occurs  in  the  paroxysms  of  per- 
nicious intermittents. 

PARAP'SIS,  Paraph'ia,  frora  para,  and  ottto- 
fiai,  'I  touch.'  Sense  of  touch  or  general  feeling 
vitiated  or  lost. — Good. 

Parapsis  Acris  Teneritudo,  Soreness  —  p. 
Expers,  Torpor,  Anaesthesia  —  p.  Illusoria,  Pseu- 
dsesthesia  —  p.  Pruritus,  Itching. 

PARARMA,  Fimbria. 

PARARRHYTIIMICUS,  Pararrhythmus. 

PARARRHYTH'MUS,  P«car)%?A'/)!?c!(«,from 
para,  and  pv^uog,  'rhythm.'  An  epithet  for  the 
pulse,  when  it  has  not  the  rhythm  proper  to  the 
age  and  constitution  of  the  individual. 

FA'R.A'RTRRE'MA,Pararthro''ma,Pararthre'- 
gia,  Pararthro'sis,  Parec'tnsis,  Parastrep'sis,  from 
para,  and  apS-pov,  'a  joint/  Incomplete  luxation; 
subluxation. 

PARASCEPAS'TRA,  from  para,  and  .rxw^w, 
'I  cover.'  A  cap  or  bandage,  which  covers  the 
whole  head. — Galen. 

PARASCEUE,  Apparatus. 

PARAS'CHIDES,  from  p«m,  and  <t-«?w,  'I 
cleave.'   Fragments  or  splinters  of  a  broken  bone. 

P-A.R'ASITE,  Parasi''?)(S,  from  Trapao-irEU,  {napa, 
and  (TiTog,  'corn,'  'food.')  'I  eat  by  the  side  of.' 
Parasites  are  plants  which  attach  themselves  to 
other  plants  ;  and  animals  which  live  in  or  on  the 
bodies  of  other  animals, — so  as  to  subsist  at  their 
expense.  The  mistletoe  is  a  parasitic  plant;  — 
the  louse  a  parasitic  animal.  The  chief  parasitic 
animals  are  the  Pedic'idus  hiima'nva  cnrp'oris, 
P.  cap'itis,  P.  piihis,  Ptdex  irri'tana,  P.  pen'- 
etrana,  and  the  Ac'arits  Sca'hiei. 

PARASIT'IC,  Pnraait'icva,  Par'aaitoid,  Pa- 
raaitoi'des.  Same  etymon.  Having  the  nature  of, 
or  resembling  a  parasite, — as  'parasitic  growths,' 
tubercles,  cancer,  monster,  (F.)  Parasitaire,  &e. 


PARASITICIDE,  Antiparasitic. 

PARASI'TISM,  Paraaitiam'us.  Same  etymon 
as  Parasite.  The  condition  of  a  parasite,  or  of  an 
organized  body  which  lives  on  another  organized 
body. 

PARASITISMUS  INTESTINALIS,  Helmin- 
thiasis—  p.  Superiiciei,  Mails. 

PARASITOG"ENY,  Parasitogen'ia,  Parasi- 
togen'eais.  The  corporeal  condition,  which  favours 
the  development  of  parasites. 

PARASITOID,  Parasitic. 

PARASPA'DIA,  from  ^;«ro,  and  mraw,  '1 
draw.'  A  preternatural  opening  of  the  urethra 
at  the  side  of  the  penis.  One  whose  urethra 
opens  in  this  manner  is  called  Parasjmdics'ua 
and  Paraapa'dias. 

PARASPADI^US,  see  Paraspadia. 

PARAS'PHAGIS,  from  j^ara,  and  a<payri,  'the 
throat.'  The  part  of  the  neck  contiguous  to  the 
clavicles. 

PARAS'TATA,  Paraa'tatea,  from  TrapiaTrnn, 
(irapa,  and  ic!Tjxr,i,)  'I  stand  near.'  The  prostate. 
In  Hippocrates,  it  means  the  epididymis.  The 
epididymes  were  called  byHerophilus  and  Galen 
Varico'acB  parastatcB,  to  distinguish  them  from 
glandulo'acB  parastntcB  or  prostate.  Rufus  of 
Ephesus  called  the  Tubse  Fallopianae  Parastatce 
varico'acB. 

Parastata  Adenoides,  Prostate  —  p.  Glan- 
dula,  Prostate — p.  Glandulosa,  Prostate. 

PARASTATES,  Parastata. 

PARASTATI'TIS,  Epididymi'tis ;  from  pa- 
rastata,  '  epididymis,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation.    Inflammation  of  the  epididymis. 

PARASTREM'MA,  Paraa'tropke,  from  Ttapatr- 
Tpt<poi,  (irapa,  and  arpiipoi,  'I  turn,')  'I  distorter 
pervert.'  Convulsive  distortion,  especially  of  the 
face,  the  soft  parts  being  drawn  laterally. 

PARASTREPSIS,  Pararthrema. 

PARASTROPHE.  Parastremma. 

PARASYNAXCHE,  Cynanche  parotid^a. 

PARASYSTOLE,  Acinesia. 

PARATH'ENAR,  Para'thenar,  irom para,  and 
^ivap,  'the  sole  of  the  foot.'  Winslow called ^ra?icJ 
pxtratJienar,  parathenar  major,  a  portion  of  the 
abductor  of  the  little  toe,  muscuhia  scandula' riua ; 
and  j^etit  jjarathinar, parathenar  minor,  the  short 
flexor  of  that  toe. 

Parathenar  Ma.jor,  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
pedis  —  p.  Minor,  Flexor  brevis  minimi  digiti 
pedis. 

PARATHROMA,  Elongatio. 

PARATONIA,  see  Spasm. 

PARATOPIA,  Luxation. 

PARATOP'IJi,  from  para,  and  To-rrog,  'place.' 
Diseases  in  which  organs  are  removed  from  their 
proper  position.     See  Ectopia. 

PARATRIMMA,  Chafing. 

PARATROPE,  Apotrope. 

PARAT'ROPHY,  Parat'rophe,  Paratroph'ia, 
from  para,  and  Tpo(firi,  'nourishment.  Misnu- 
trition. 

PARBREAKING,  Vomiting. 

PARDALTANCHES,  Aconitum. 

PARDALIANCHUM,  Aconitum. 

PAREC'TAMA,  Porec'tasia,  from  para,  tK, 
'  out  of,'  and  ruvia,  '  I  stretch.'  Immoderate  ex- 
tension, distension,  or  dilatation  of  a  part — as  of 
the  heart. 

PARECTASIS,  Pararthrema,  Parectama. 

PAREGOR'IC,  Paregor'icua,  So'piens,  (J.) 
Paregoriqne,  from  napvyopubj  (irapa  and  ayoptvw), 
'I  soothe,  I  calm.'  That  which  soothes  or  as- 
suages— as  paregoric  elixir.     An  anodyne. 

PAREIA,  Gena. 

PAREIRA,  see  P.  brava. 

Parei'ra  Brava,  Cisaam'pelos  Pareira,  Pa 
reyra,  Bntua,  Ahv'ta,  Alhu'tua,  Bntov,  Caa-peio 
Overo   hutua.    Wild  vine.   Velvet   leaf.      Famil^^ 


PARELLE 


680 


PAKOMPHALOCELE 


MenispermeiB.  Sex.  Si/st.  Dicecia  Monadelptia. 
The  root  of  this  plant  —  Pareira  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  a 
native  of  South  America  and  the  West  Indies, 
has  a  sweet  taste,  with  considerable  bitterness  and 
slight  roughness.  It  has  been  recommended  in 
nephritic  and  calculous  affections ;  but  it  is  not 
much  used.  By  A.  de  St.  Hilaire,  Pareira  is  as- 
signed to  Cissampeloa  glaher'rima. 

PARELLE,  Kumex  hydrolapathum,  R.  pa- 
tientia. 

PARENCEPHALIS,  Cerebellum. 
PARENCEPHALITIS,  Cerebellitis. 
PARENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from  TTapeyKc<pa\ii, 
(ffapa,  and  cyKKpaXoi,  'the  brain/)  'the  cerebel- 
lum,' and  K)/X>7,  '  a  rupture.'     Hernia  of  the  eere- 
hel'lnm;  a  very  rare  disease.     It  occurs  under 
the  form  of  a  soft,  indolent,  or  slightly  painful 
tumour,  without  change  in  the  colour  of  the  skin, 
and  is  situate  in  the  occipital  region.     It  is  con- 
stituted of  the  cerebellum,  which  escapes  through 
an  aperture  in  the  occipital  bone.     Great  atten- 
tion must  be  paid  not  to  mistake  it  for  an  ordi- 
nary tumour,  as  its  extirpation  would  be  attended 
with  fatal  consequences. 
PAREXCEPHALUS,  Cerebellum. 
PAREN'CHYMA,    Garo  parenchymat' ica  seu 
vis'cerum  seu  viscera' lis  seu  viscero'sa,  Substaii'tia 
parenchyniato'sa,  Procheu'ma,  (F.)  Parenchyme. 
The  texture  of  glandular  and  other  organs,  com- 
posed of  agglomerated  globules  united  by  areolar 
tissue,  and   tearing   with   more   or  less   facility. 
Such  is  the  texture  of  the  liver,   kidneys,    <tc. 
JlaptyxviJ-oL  signifies,  in  Greek,  effusion,  (wapa,  tv, 
and  x^'^'  'I  poui",')  and  it  was  believed,  that  this 
tissue  consisted  of  effused  blood  or  other  fluid. 
PARENCHYjfA  Testis,  Pulpa  testis. 
PAREN'CHYMAL,  Parenchym'atous,  Paren'- 
chymous,  Parenchyma' lis,  Parenchymat'icus,  (F.) 
Parenchymateux ;  same   etymon.      Belonging  or 
relating  to  the  parenchyma  of  an  organ. 

PARENCHYMATI'TIS ;  from  2^">-'^nchyma, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Jnflamma'tio 
parenchymat'ica.  Inflammation  of  the  substance 
of  an  organ. 

PARENCHYMATOUS,  Parenchymal. 
PAR'ESIS,  from  rrapiri^n,  'I  relax.'     (F.)  Pa- 
resie.     Paralysis.     According  to  some,  a  slight, 
incomplete  paralysis,  affecting  motion,  not  sen- 
sation. 

PARESTHE'SIS,   Parmsthe'sis,   Paresthe'sia, 
Sensus    imperfec'tus,     from    para,    and    atcrdyiai;, 
'sensation.'      Congenital  misconstruction  of  the 
external  organs   of  sense.     A  genus  in  the  no- 
sology of  Good.     Also,  perversion  of  sensibility. 
PARET'ICA  EXARTHRO'SIS.     Luxation 
from  relaxation  of  the  ligaments  of  a  joint. 
PARETICUS,  Relaxant. 
PAREYRA,  Pareira  brava. 
PARFUM,  Suffimentum. 
PARIERA,  Pareira  brava. 
PARIES,  Table. 

PARI'ETAL,  Parieta'Us,  Pariet'inus,  from 
paries,  parietis,  '  a  wall.'  Appertaining  to  the 
parietes  or  walls  of  an  organ  or  to  the  parietal 
bones. 

Parietal  Artery,  see  P.  Bones. 
_  Parietal  Bones,  Ossa  parieta'Ua  seu  vertiea'- 
lia  seu  ver'ticis  seu  sincip'itis  seu  hreg'matis  seu 
Iregmat'ica  seu  nerva'lia  seu  tetrago'na,  are  two 
fellow-bones,  occupying  the  lateral  and  upper 
parts  of  the  cranium,  in  the  formation  of  which 
they  assist.  They  have  a  quadrilateral  shape: 
their  extortial  surface  is  convex,  and  presents,  at 
its  middle  part,  an  eminence  called  the  Parietal 
protuberance,  Tuber  paricta'le,  {F.)  Basse  parie- 
tale.  Their  inner  or  cerebral  surface,  which  is 
concave,  has  a  depression  that  corresponds  with 
the  preceding  eminence,  and  which  is  called  the 
Parietal  fossa,  Fossa  parieta'lis.     Above  and  be- 


hind, near  the  superior  edge  of  these  bones,  is  a 
foramen,  which  does  not  always  exist,  called  the 
Parietal  foramen,  Fora'men  parieta'le,  through 
which  passes  a  vein — parietal  vein  —  that  opens 
into  the  superior  longitudinal  sinus  of  the  dura 
mater:  and  an  artery — parietal  artery — a  branch 
of  the  occipital,  which  ramifies  on  the  same  sinus. 
Each  parietal  bone  is  articulated  above,  with  its 
fellow;  below,  with  the  temporal  bone:  before, 
with  the  frontal;  behind,  with  the  occipital,  and 
by  the  anterior  and  inferior  angle  with  the  great 
ala  of  the  sphenoid.  Each  parietal  bone  is  de- 
veloped from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

Parietal  Foramex,  see  P.  Bones  —  p.  Fossa, 

see  P.  Bones  —  p.  Protuberance,  see  P.  Bones 

p.  Veins,  see  P.  Bones. 

PARIETA'RIA,  P.  officina'lis,  Helx'ine,  Vi- 
tra'ria,  Wall  2:)el'litory,  (F. )  Parietaire  commune, 
Perce-miiraille,  Aumnre,  Herbe  aux  murailles  ou 
cles  Nones,  Family,  Urticeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Poly- 
gamia  Monceeia.  This  plant  grows  on  old  walls, 
— hence  its  name,  from  paries,  parietis,  'a  wall,' 

—  and  contains  much  nitrate  of  potassa.  It  is 
diuretic,  but  is  not  much  used. 

Parieta'ria  Pennsylvan'ica,  Amer'ican  PeV- 
litory,  a  small  weed,  flowering  from  June  to  Au- 
gust, has  been  used  in  juice  or  decoction  as  a 
diuretic,  deobstruent  [?]  and  emmenagogue. 

PARPETES,  Plural  of  Paries,  'a  wall,'  (F.) 
Parois.  A  name  given  to  parts  which  form  the 
enclosures  or  limits  of  different  cavities  of  the 
body,  as  the  Parietes  of  the  cranium,  chest,  &o. 

PARIETINUS,  Parietal. 

PARIS,  P.  quadrifo'lia,  Sola'nnm  quadrifo'- 
lium,  Uva  inver'sa  seu  lupi'na  seu  vidpi'na.  One- 
berry,  Truelove,  (F.)  Parisette,  Raisin  de  lienard, 
Herbe  ci  Paris,  Etrangle-loup.  It  possesses  nar- 
cotic properties,  and  was  formerly  considered  a 
powerful  love  philter.  It  is  emetic,  and  is  some- 
times used  extcrnall)'  as  a  resolvent  and  anodyne. 

PARISAGOGE  INTESTINORUM,  Intussus- 
ceptio. 

PARISETTE,  Paris. 

PARISTH'MIA,  jmra,  and  ladnoq,  '  the  throat.' 
A  word  employed  to  designate  the  tonsils,  and, 
likewise,  inflammation  of  the  tonsils.  Cynanche 
tonsillaris,  and  Cynanche  in  general. 

PARISTHMIOT'OMUS,  from  Trapi,r^pta,  'the 
tonsils,'  and  Tejivui,  '  I  cut.'  An  instrument  with 
which  the  tonsils  were  formerly  scarified. 

PARISTHMITIS,  Cynanche,  C.  tonsillaris. 

PARISTHMIUM,  Tonsil. 

PARISWORT,  Trillium  latifolium. 

PARMACITY,  Cetaceum  — p.  Poor  Man's, 
Thlaspi  bursa. 

PARME'LIA  PARIET'INA,  Lichen  pariet'- 
inus. Yellow  viall  Lichen,  Common  Yellow  Wall 
Moss,  which  grows  abundantly  on  trees  and  walls, 
Order,  Lichenacese,  is  used  in  intermittent  fever 
on  account  of  its  bitterness. 

PARMELIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  Islandicus 

—  p.  Plicata,  Lichen  plicatus  —  p.  Pulmonacea, 
Lichen  pulmonarius  —  p.  Roccella,  Lichen  roc- 
cella  —  p.  Saxatilis,  Lichen  saxatilis. 

PARMENTIE'RA  CERIP'ERA,  Pa7o  de 
velas,  Candle  Tree,  A  forest  tree  in  the  valley 
of  the  Chagres, — Nat.  Ord.  Crescentiacea°, —  the 
long  cylindrical  fruit  of  which,  resembling  can- 
dles, serves  for  food  for  cattle. 

PAROARION,  Parovarium. 

PAROCHETEUSIS,  Derivation. 

PARODON'TIDES,  from  para,  and  oiov;, 
tooth.'     Tumours  on  the  gums;  parulis,  &o, 

PARODYNIA,  Dystocia— p.  Perversa,  Pre- 
sentation, preternatural. 

PAROIS,  Parietes. 

PAROLE,  Voice,  articulated. 

PAROMPHALOCE'LE,  from  para,   op,pa\os, 


PARONIRIA 


681 


PAROTIS 


'the  navel,'  and  lojX;?,  'rupture.'      Hernia  near 
the  navel. 

PARONI'RIA,  from  para,  and  ovtipov,  'a 
dream.'  Depraved,  disturbed,  or  morbid  dream- 
ing ;  Oneirodyn'ia  acti'va,  Erethis'mns  oneivo- 
di/n'ia.  The  voluntary  organs  connected  with 
the  passing  train  of  ideas,  overpowered  by  the 
force  of  the  imagination  during  dreaming,  and 
involuntarily  excited  to  their  natural  or  accus- 
tomed actions,  while  the  other  organs  remain 
asleep. —  Good. 

Paroniria  Ambulans,  Somnambulism — p.  Sa- 
lax,  Pollution. 

PARONY'CHIA,  Paron'ycMs,  ParonijcU'tis, 
Pan'aris,  Redu'via,  Eediv'ia,  VermJe  seu  Pteryg'- 
ium  dig"iti,  Panafit"ium,  D!git"iuni,  Pandalit"- 
ium,  Passu,  Dactyli'tis,  Paiia'rhim,  Onych'ia, 
(F.)  Onglade,  from  para,  and  ovv^,  ovv)(_oq,  '  the 
nail.'  The  ancients  gave  this  name  tc  an  inflam- 
matory tumour, —  Onychi'tis,  Onyxi'tis  (Gross), 
— seated  near  the  nail,  and  involving  the  pulp  or 
matrix.  Some  of  the  moderns  have  extended  it 
to  inflammation  of  the  hand,  and  even  of  the 
forearm.  It  usually  means  every  phlegmonous 
tumour  of  the  fingers  or  toes,  and  especially  of 
the  first  phalanx.  Four  kinds  of  paronychia  are 
commonly  pointed  out:  1.  That  seated  between 
the  epidermis  and  skin,  called  in  France  Tour- 
niole.  2.  That  seated  in  the  subcutaneous  areo- 
lar tissue.  3.  That  occupying  the  sheath  of  a 
tendon;  and  4.  That  considered  to  be  seated  be- 
tween the  periosteum  and  bone.  The  last  three 
are  only  different  degrees  of  the  same  disease, 
constituting  Whitlow,  (Prov.)  Teak,  (F.)  JtJal 
d'aventnre:  —  the  worst  kinds,  in  English,  are 
called  Felon.  The  inflammation  generally  com- 
mences in  the  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue,  and 
spreads  to  other  parts,  occasioning  excessive, 
lancinating  pain,  owing  to  the  parts  being  put 
upon  the  stretch;  hence,  the  necessity  of  dividing 
them  freelj"^,  —  even  down  to  the  bone,  when  there 
is  reason  to  believe  that  the  affection  belongs  to 
the  fourth  division,  —  making  use  of  emollient 
applications,  the  antiphlogistic  treatment,  and 
opiates  to  relieve  pain. 

Paronychia,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria — p.  Di- 
gitium,  Digitium. 

PARONYCHIS,  Paronychia. 

PARONYCHITIS.  Paronychia. 

PAROPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 

PAROPIA,  Cantbus  (lesser.) 

PAROPLEXIA,  Paraplegia. 

PAROPSIS,  DysEesthesia  visualis  —  p.  Amau- 
rosis, Amaurosis  —  p.  Cataracta,  Cataract  —  p. 
Glaucosis,  Glaucoma  —  p.  Illusoria,  Pseudoblep- 
sia — p.  Lateralis,  Dysopia  lateralis  —  p.  Longin- 
qua,  Presbytia — p.  Lueifuga,  Nyctalopia  —  p. 
Noetifuga,  Hemeralopia — p.  Propinqua,  Myopia 
—  p.  Staphyloma,  Staphyloma  —  p.  Staphyloma 
purulentum.  Hypopyon — p.  Staphyloma  simplex, 
Hydropbthalraia  —  p.  Strabismus,  Strabismus  — 
p.  Synezisis,  Synezisis. 

PAROPTE'SIS,  from  -nap.,,  dim.,  and  oTrrau, 
'I  roast.'  Forcing  a  sweat  by  placing  a  patient 
before  the  fire  or  putting  him  in  a  dry  bath. 

PARORA'SIS,  from  para,  and  opao),  'I  see.' 
Perversion  of  sight,  which  prevents  the  person 
from  judging  accurately  of  the  colour  of  objects. 
Achromiitop'sia.     Hallucination. — Galen. 

PARORCHID'IUM,  from  para,  'something 
wrong,'  and  opxts,  op-)(^iios, '  testicle.'  Any  position 
of  one  or  both  testicles,  different  from  that  which 
they  ought  to  occupy  in  the  scrotum  ;  —  whether 
they  may  not  have  descended  through  the  abdo- 
minal ring,  or  are  drawn  up  to  the  groins  by  the 
cremaster  muscle. 


PAROR'CHID  0-ENTEROCE'LE,  Hernia 
paror'chido-enter'ica.  Internal  hernia  compli- 
cated with  displacement  of  the  testicle.  —  Sau- 
vages. 

PAROSMIA,  Anosmia.  Also,  perversion  of 
smell;  ParcBsthe'sia  ol/acto'ria,  Olfac'tus  depra- 
va'tus,  Idioeyncra'sia  ol/acto'ria,  from  2}cira,  and 
oajxT],  '  odour.' 

PAROS'TIA,  from  napa,  'defectively,'  and 
oartov,  *a  bone.'  Bones  untempered  in  their  sub- 
stance, and  incapable  of  affording  proper  sup- 
port.—  Good. 

Parostia  Flexilis,  Mollities  ossium — p.  Fra- 
gilis,  Fragilitas  ossium. 

PAROTIA,  Cynanche  parotidsea. 

VAB.OT'ID, Gland'ulaparotide'a  seu  ad  Aures, 
Paro'tis,  Animel'lcB,  Alimel'lcB,  Lacticin'ia;  from 
jKira,  and  ovi,  wrog,  'the  ear.'  The  largest  of 
the  salivary  glands,  seated  under  the  ear,  and 
near  the  angle  of  the  lower  jaw.  It  is  composed 
of  many  separate  lobes,  giving  rise  to  excretory 
ducts,  which  unite  to  form  one  canal,  called  the 
Parotid  duct,  Steno's  canal, — the  Ductus  superior 
or  Sup)erior  salivary  canal,  of  some.  This  duct, 
after  having  advanced  horizontally  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  cheek,  proceeds  through  an  opening 
in  the  buccinator  muscle,  and  terminates  in  the 
mouth  opposite  the  second  upper  molaris.  About 
the  middle  of  its  course,  it  sometimes  receives 
the  excretory  duct  of  a  glandular  body,  situate 
in  its  vicinity,  and  called  the  Ac'ccssory  Gland 
of  the  Parotid,  So'cia  Parot'idis,  Gland' ula  so'eia 
parot'idis.  In  the  substance  of  the  parotid  are 
found — a  number  of  branches  of  the  facial  nerve, 
of  the  transverse  arteries  of  the  face,  and  the 
posterior  auricular.  It  receives,  also,  some  fila- 
ments from  the  inferior  maxillary  nerve,  and 
from  the  ascending  branches  of  the  superficial 
cervical  plexus.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  are  some- 
what numerous,  and  pass  into  ganglions  situate 
at  its  surface  or  behind  the  angle  of  the  jaw. 
The  parotid  secretes  saliva,  and  pours  it  copiously 
into  the  mouth. 

Parotid,  Accessory  Gland  of  the,  see  Pa- 
rotid. 

Parotid  Aponeuro'sis.  A  sheath  of  great 
thickness,  continuous,  below,  with  the  cervical 
fascia.  It  forms  a  frame-work  to  the  parotid  by 
means  of  fibrous  prolongations  from  its  deep  sur- 
face. Its  density  accounts  for  the  pain  of  paro- 
titis, and  for  the  difliculty  with  which  pus  makes 
its  way  to  the  surface. 

Parotid  Arteries,  see  Parotid  —  p.  Duct,  see 
Parotid  —  p.  Veins,  see  Parotid. 

PAROTIDE,  Parotis. 

PAROTIDE'AN,  Parotidm'ns,  (F.)  Parotidien. 
Belonging  or  relating  to  the  parotid. 

PAROTIDITIS,  Cynanche  parotidsea,  Parotis. 

PAROTIDON'CUS,  Tumor ]mro'tidis,T.  Glan'- 
dulcB  parotide'cB,  from  parotis,  and  oy/coj,  'a  tu- 
mour.'    Swelling  of  the  parotid. 

PARO'TIS,  Phleg'mone  parotide'a,  Inflamma'- 
tio  paro'tidum,  Cynan'c/ie  jjarotidcs'a,  Paroti'tis, 
Parotidi'tis,  Dioscu'ri,  (F.)  Parotide,  is  the  name 
of  a  tumour  seated  under  the  ear;  which  is  red- 
dish, hard,  and  attended  with  obtuse  p;iin  ;  the 
progress  to  suppuration  being  slow  and  difficult. 
Sometimes  it  is  of  a  malignant  character,  slough- 
ing, and  long  protracted.  Some  French. patholo- 
gists restrict  the  term  jjarotide  to  symptomatic 
parotitis  —  as  to  that  which  occurs  in  plao-ue; 
whilst  they  apply  the  terms  Oreillous  or  Oiirhs] 
Purotoncies,  to  Cynanche  parotidasa  or  Mumps. 

Parotis  Contagiosa,  Cynanche  parotidaea  — 
I  p.  Epidemica,  Cynanche   parotidsea  —  p.  Serooo 


PAROTITIS 


682 


PARTURITION 


glutine  tumens,  Cynanche  parotidsea — p.  Spuria, 
Cynanche  parotidsea. 

PAROTITIS,  Cynanche  parotidaea,  Parotis  — 
p.  Epidemica.,  Cynanche  parotidaea  —  p.  Erysipe- 
latosa,  Cynanche  parotidiea  —  p.  Polymorpha, 
Cynanche  parotidaa  —  p.  Specifica,  Cynanche 
parotidaea. 

PABOTONCTES,  see  Parotis. 

PAROVA'RIUM,  properly  Paro'd'rion ;  Cor- 
pxis'culum  coii'icum  Rosenmulleri,  from  para,  and 
uiapiov,  '  the  ovary.'  A  body  closely  analogous  in 
structure  to  the  epididymis,  which  is  seated  be- 
tween the  Fallopian  tube  and  the  ovary  in  the 
broad  ligament.  The  Corpus  Wolffianum  con- 
curs in  its  formation.  —  Kobelt. 

PAROXYN'TIC,  Paroxyn'tictis,  (F.)  Paroxyn- 
tiqite,  from  Trapo^vvia,  '  I  excite.'  Relating  to  a 
paroxysm. 

Jours  paroxyntiques  are  days  on  which  parox- 
ysms take  place. 

PAR'OXYSM,  Paroxys'mus,  from  napo^vvio, 
{■n-apa,  and  o^vvsiv,  'to  render  sharp.')  *I  irri- 
tate;' Im'petiis,  Insul'tus,  Inva'sio,  Exaeerha'tio, 
Acces'sio,  Acces'sus,  (Old  Eng.)  Axes,  (F.)  Ex- 
acerbation, Redouhlement,  Acces.  The  augmenta- 
tion which  supervenes  at  equal  or  unequal  inter- 
vals in  the  symptoms  of  acute  diseases.  Also,  a 
periodical  exacerbation  or  fit  of  a  disease. 

PAROXYS'MAL,  Paroxysma'Us ;  same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Paroxystiqne.  Of  or  belonging  to  a 
paroxysm;  —  as  a  paroxysmal  da}',  (F.)  Jour 
paroxystiqne /  a  day  on  which  a  paroxysm  of 
disease  occurs. 

PAROXYSMUS  FEBRILIS,  Pyrexia. 

PAROXYSTIQUE,  Paroxysmal. 

PARS,  Genital  organs  —  p.  Corporis,  Genital 
organs  —  p.  Inferior  Pedis,  Sole  —  p.  Intermedia, 
see  Corpus  spongiosum  urethrse — p.  Mastoidea 
of  Temporal  Bone,  Mastoid  process  —  p.  Natu- 
ralis  medicinas,  Physiology — p.  Obscoena,  Genital 
organs — p.  Petrosa,  see  Temporal  Bone — p.  Prima 
asperas  arterise,  Larynx  —  p.  Pyramidalis  ossis 
temporis,  see  Temporal  Bone  —  p.  Squamosa,  see 
Temporal  Bone  —  p.  Urethrae  membranacea,  see 
Urethra  —  p.  Vaga,  Pneumogastric  —  p.  Virilis, 
Penis. 

PARSLEY,  COMMON,  Apium  petroselinum— 
p.  Fool's,  ^thusa  cynapium — p.  Macedonian, 
Bubon  Macedonicum — p.  Mountain,  black,  Atha- 
manta  aureoselinum  —  p.  Poison,  Conium  macu- 
latum  —  p.  Spotted,  Conium  maculatum  —  p.  Wa- 
ter, Cicuta  maculata. 

PARSNEP,  COW,  Heracleum  spondylium, 
Heraeleum  lanatum — p.  Crow,  Leontodon  tarax- 
acum— p.  Garden,  Pastinaca  sativa — p.  Meadow, 
Thaspiuui  Barbinode  —  p.  Water,  common,  Sium 
latifoliuni. 

PART,  see  Parturition — p.  Legitime  et  ille- 
gitime,  see  Parturition. 

PARTES  GENERATIONI  INSERVIEN- 
TES,  Genital  organs  —  p.  Genitales,  Genital  or- 
gans—  p.  Laterales  nasi.  Scapulae  nasi  —  p.  Ner- 
vosa, see  Nerve  —  p.  Obscoenae,  Genital  organs. 

PARTHENEIA,  Virginity. 

PARTHENIUM  FEBRIFUGUM,  Matricaria 
—  p.  Mas,  Tanacetum. 

PARTHEN'IUS  {Morbus);  from  rrapOevog,  'a 
virgin.'  A  disease  in  a  young  female.  Also, 
chlorosis. 

PARTHENOGEN'ESIS,  'virgin  birth;'  from 
irapOevog.  'a  virgin,'  and  yrvfo-if,  'generation.' 
The  successive  production  of  procreating  indi- 
viduals from  a  single  ovum,  without  any  renewal 
of  fertilization.  —  Owen. 

PARTHENOL'OGY,     Parthenolog"ia,     from 


TTapBcvtia,  'virginity,'  and  >^oyos,  'a  description.' 
A  description  or  consideration  of  the  state  of  vir- 
ginity in  health  or  disease. 

PARTHENUS,  Virgin. 

PARTIALIS,  Local. 

PARTICLES,  PRIMITIVE,  OF  MUSCLES, 
Sarcous  Elements. 

PARTICUL^  SANGUINIS,  Globules  of  the 
blood. 

PARTIES,  LES,  Genital  organs—;?.  Geni- 
tales, Genital  organs  — p.  Honteuses,  Genital  or- 
gans—  p.  Genitoires,  Genital  organs — p.  Natu- 
relles.  Genital  organs — p>-  Nobles,  Genital  organs 
■ — p.  Sexuelles,  Genital  organs. 

PARTIO,  Parturition. 

PARTRIDGE-BERRY,  Gaultheria,  Mitchella 
repens. 

PARTS,  THE,  Genital  organs. 

PARTURA,  Parturition. 

PARTU'RIENT,  Partu'riens,  from  parturire, 
parturitum,  itself  from  parere,  '  to  bring  forth.' 
Bringing  forth,  or  about  to  bring  forth,  or  having 
recently  brought  forth  young. 

The  Parturient,  Puer'perous,  Childbed  or  Ly- 
ing-in or  Lying-down  state.  Confinement,  Puerpe'- 
rium,  generally  comprises  the  period  from  partu- 
rition to  perfect  recovery,  which  is  usually  a 
month.  In  the  north  of  England  this  is  called 
the  steg-month,  requires  careful  management,  and 
is  subject  to  various  diseases. 

A  Partu'rient  or  Pariurifa'cient  is  a  medicine 
which  induces  or  promotes  labour;  as  ergot,  and, 
perhaps  borate  of  soda.      See  Abortive. 

PARTURIFACIENT,  Parturient. 

PARTURIGO,  Parturition. 

PARTURIT"ION,  Puerpe'rium,  Partus,  Par- 
tio,  Parturit"io,  Parturi'go,  Partu'ra,  Tocos, 
To'cetos,  Texis,  Lochi'a,  Apocye'sis,  Maeu'sis, 
Ilaieu'sis,  Nego'tium  seu  Actus  ;jaj-/!u-i7)o'j)js, 
Enix'us  seu  Enix'io  seu  Expul'sio  foet-Hs,  Ajjol'- 
ysis,  Status  parturien'di,  Deliv'ery,  Labour,  Child- 
bearing,  Child-birth,  Birth,  Trav'ail,  (Sc.)  Child- 
ill,  Crying,  Crying  out,  (F.)  Accouchement,  Couche, 
Travail  d'Enfant,  Enfantement.  Same  etymon  as 
Parturient.  The  act  of  delivery  of  the  fcetus  and 
its  appendages,  also  the  state  during  and  imme- 
diately after  delivery — Childbed,  (Sc.j  Glzzen- 
bed,  Gizzen,  see  Parturient.  Labour  is  the  ne- 
cessary consequence  of  conception,  pregnancy, 
and  the  completion  of  gestation.  It  does  not 
take  place,  at  the  full  time,  until  after  nine  months 
of  utero-gestation, — the  causes  producing  it  being 
the  contraction  of  the  uterus  and  abdominal 
muscles.  By  different  authors,  the  stages  of 
labour  have  been  variously  divided.  We  may, 
perhaps,  admit  of  four.  ThQ  first  stage  comprises 
the  precursory  signs.  One,  two,  or  three  days 
before  labour,  a  mucous  discharge,  streaked  with 
blood,  takes  place  from  the  vagina,  which  is 
called  the  Sicpnnn,  Leucorrhoe'a  Nabo'lhi,  Hcsmor- 
rhag"ia  Nabothi,  Labour-show,  or  Shout;  and, 
along  with  this,  trifling  grinding  pains,  called  by 
the  French  Mouches,  are  felt  in  the  loins  .nnd  ab- 
domen. Second  stage:  —  Peculiar  pains,  which 
extend  from  the  lumbar  region  towards  the 
uterus;  tension  and  dilatation  of  the  neck  and 
orifice  of  that  organ  ;  protrusion  into  the  vagina 
of  the  envelopes  of  the  foetus,  forming  the  bag  of 
icaters,  (F.)  Poche  des  eaux ;  and  rupture  or 
breaking  of  the  waters.  Third  stage  : — Contrac- 
tions of  the  uterus  and  abdominal  muscles ; 
forcing  pains  ;  the  head  of  the  foetus  becomes  en- 
gaged in  the  pelvis  :  the  occiput  being  commonly 
situate  above  the  left  acetabulum,  passes  beneath 
the  arch  of  the  pubis.  Fourth  stage: — the  head 
now  presents  at  the  vulva,  the  perineum  being 


PARTURITION 


683 


PARTURITION 


considerably  distended;  at  length  it  clears  the 
external  parts,  and  the  rest  of  the  body  is  easily 
disengaged.  The  child  still  continues  attached  to 
the  mother  by  the  umbilical  cord,  which  has  to 
be  divided.  In  the  course  of  fifteen  or  twenty 
minutes,  trifling  pains  occur,  and  the  secun dines 
are  expelled.  This  completes  delivery — the  birth, 
(F.)  Naissance  of  the  child.  In  by  far  the 
majority  of  cases,  the  head  is  the  presenting  part, 
the  occiput  directed  anteriorly,  and  the  face  pos- 
teriorly. Of  12,633  children,  born  at  the  Hos- 
pital La  Maternity,  in  Paris,  from  the  10th  of 
December,  1797,  to  the  31st  of  July,  1806,  the 
following  were  the  presentations : 


The  head,  with  the  face  posteriorly...  12,120 

The  head  anteriorly 63 

The  breech 198 

The  feet 147 

The  knees 3 

Other  positions 102 

12,633 

The  following  table,  drawn  up  from  data  fur- 
nished by  Velpeau,  gives  an  approximate  view 
of  the  comparative  number  of  presentations,  ac- 
cording to  the  experience  of  the  individuals  men- 
tioned : 


TABLE,  EXHIBITING  THE  RATIO  OP  PRESENTATIONS  IN  1000  CASES. 


Regular  or  of  the  vertex..., 

I.  Occipito-anterior 

a.  Occipito-cotyloid  (left)...- 

Do.            (right) 
6.  Occipito  pubian 

II .  Occipito-posterior 

a.  Fronto-cotyloid  (left) 

b.  Do.  (right) . 

Face  presentation 

Men  to-iliac  (right) 

Of  the  pelvis 

Of  the  foot  

Of  the  knees 

Of  the  breech 

Of  the  trunk 

Eequiring  Forceps 

"  Turning 

"  Cephalotomy.... 


ACCORDING   TO 

Madame 

Hospital 

man. 

Eland. 

Lacha- 
pelle. 

Nagele. 

Lovati. 

Facuite. 

Boer. 

924 

944 

969 

933 

933 

911 

980 

908 

944 

760 

179 
0-29 
9-4 
5-3 
4-4 

910 
717 
209 

9 
7-3 

2-9 

895 
537 

2  2 

2-6 

3-6 

4-6 
2-6 

8-8 

36 

28 

29 

36 

47 

29 

12-7 

9-4 

019 

14 

0.40 

10-3 

23 

13 

18 
4-6 

22 
5-3 

4-8 

19 

6'6 

4-7 

4-6 

3-4 

36 

5-7 

16 

4-7 

7-8 

7-2 

5-9 

3-3 

5-2 

4-77 

0-53 

2-4 

1-5 

Labour  has  received  different  names,  according 
to  the  period  of  pregnancy  at  which  it  occurs,  and 
the  mode  in  which  it  takes  place.  It  is  called 
miacar' riage  or  abor'tion,  prior  to  the  seventh 
month;  prem'ature  labour,  Omotoc'ia,  Partus pra- 
cox  seu  prcBmatu'riis,  between  this  and  eight 
months  and  a  half;  and  labour  at  the  full  pteriod, 
(F.)  Accouchement  d  terme,  when  it  happens  at 
the  end  of  nine  months.  Labours  have  likewise 
been  variously  divided  by  different  authors.  Per- 
haps the  one  into  Nat'ural,  Preternat'ural,  and 
Labo'rious,  is  as  common  as  any;  —  natural  La- 
hour  meaning  that  which  would  occur  without 
manual  assistance ;  preternatural,  requiring  the 
assistance  of  art,  but  by  the  hand  solely  :  and 
laborious  or  instrumen'tal,  requiring  instrumental 
assistance  ;  which  M.  Capuron  calls  Accouchement 
Mechanique.     Poioerless    labour,  the  Inertie  par 


epnisement  of  Madame  Lachapelle,  is  that  in 
which  the  muscular  powers  from  exhaustion  are 
unable  to  accomplish  such  delivery. 

Forced  labour  or  parturition,  (F.)  Accouche- 
ment ouAvorteiiient  provoque,  is  labour  or  abortion, 
induced  by  art.  When  labour  is  accompanied 
with  other  phenomena  of  a  deranging  character, 
it  is  said  to  be  complicated.  AVhen  the  child,  even 
when  reduced  in  size,  cannot  pass,  it  is  termed 
imprac'ticable,  &o.     See  Dystocia. 

The  French  use  the  term  Part,  Partus,  at 
times,  synonymously  with  delivery ;  at  others, 
with  foetus,  llaieu'ma,  ilceeu'ma.  Suppression 
de  part  means  concealment  of  delivery:  Part 
legitime,  a  foetus  which  comes  into  the  world  with 
the  condition  necessary  for  its  enjoying  advan- 
tages granted  by  law ;  and  Part  illerjitime,  one 
'  that  does  not  fall  under  those  conditions. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COURSE  AND  MANAGEMENT  OF  DIFFERENT  KINDS  OF 

LABOURS. 


I.  Natural  Labours. 


Head  PsESENTiNa. 
{Four  Positions.) 


Or  those  in  which  Delivery  can  be  effected  without  Assistance. 

The  head  with  the  chin  bent  upon  the  breast  clears  the 
brim  of  the  pelvis.  Motion  of  rotation  produced  by  the 
inclined  planes  of  the  pelvis;  the  occipital  protuberance 
is  carried  behind  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  the  face 
towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 

The  head  attains  the  outlet:  clears  it;  the  occiput  being 
first  disengaged,  and  the  face  afterwards,  which  passes 
successively  along  the  whole  of  the  hollow  of  the 
{  sacrum.  The  shoulders  enter  the  brim  diagonally; 
and  execute  the  movement  of  rotation.  The  one  be- 
hind first  clears  the  outlet.  The  same  thing  occurs 
with  the  nates. 

The  same  course  is  here  followed :  except  that  after  the 
rotary  movement,  the  face  passes  behind  the  symphysis 
pubis,  and  the  occiput  into  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 
The  occiput  is  first  extruded  ; — the  face  next. 

When  the  chin  presents  and  is  turned  forwards,  the 
face  is  first  expelled;  the  head  is  thrown  backwards. 
This  presentation  is  uncommon.  If  the  chin  present 
and  be  thrown  backwards,  natural  delivery  cannot  be 
effected. 


1.  Occiput  tmvards  the  Left 
Acetabulum. 


2.  Occipid  towards  the  Right 
Acetabulum. 


3.  Occiput  towards  the  Right 
Sacro-iliac  Symphysis. 


4.  Occiput  totuards  the  Left 
Sacro4liac  Symphysis. 


PARTURITION 


684 


PARTURITION 


Natural  Labours. — Continued. 


Lower  Estreih- 
TT    Presexiing. 

(Four  Positions  of 
the  Feet,  Knees, 
and  Breech.) 


1.  Heel,  Tibia,  nr  Sacrum  to- 
wards the  left  Acetabulum. 


Heel,  Tibia,  nr  Sacrum  tJ> 
wards  the  Right  Acetabur 
lum. 

Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sacrum  to- 
wards the  RigJit  Sacro- 
iliac Symphysis. 
.  Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sacrum  to- 
wards the  Left  Sacro-Uiac 
Symphysis. 


The  nates  enter  the  brim  diagonally;  movement  of  rota- 
tion: the  one  passes  behind  the  symphysis  pubis:  the 
other  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum.  The  one  be- 
hind is  first  extruded. 

The  same  thing  happens  to  the  shoulders.  The  chin  ia 
bent  upon  the  chest  to  clear  the  brim :  movement  of 
rotation:  the  occiput  passes  behind  the  symphysis 
pubi.s,  and  the  face  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 
The  face  clears  the  outlet  first;  the  occiput  last. 

The  same  progress,  except  that  after  the  movement  of 
rotation,  the  face  is  towards  the  pubis,  and  the  occiput 
towards  the  sacrum.  The  face  is  here  again  delivered 
first. 


II.  Preternatural  Labours, 
Or  those  which  require  Manual  Assistance  only. 


Pkesentatiov  op  the 
Head,  Upper  Extre^- 
TiES,  Back,  Abdomen, 
&c. 


1.  'When  the  labour  is  without  any  serious  complication,  and  the  head  is  not 
in  a  good  position  at  the  brim  of  the  pelvis,  endeavours  are  to  be  made  to 
place  it  in  its  natural  position  :  the  hand  to  be  introduced  with  the  fingers 
united,  and  the  long  diameter  of  the  head  to  be  placed  diagonally  in  the 
brim,  if  possible.  Or  the  lever  may  be  fixed  over  the  occiput,  and,  by  draw- 
ing it  down,  a  closer  approximation  of  the  chin  and  chest  may  be  effected; 
the  position  of  the  head  to  the  pelvis  being  at  the  same  time  attended  to. 

2.  If  complicated  with  syncope,  convulsions,  hemorrhage,  want  of  uterine 
action,  &c.,  the  feet  must  be  laid  hold  of,  and  the  child  turned.  For  this 
purpose,  empty  the  rectum  and  bladder;  and  turn,  if  possible,  prior  to  the 
escape  of  the  liquor  amnii.  The  female  may  be  placed  oo  her  back  or  left 
side,  with  the  breech  over  the  edge  of  the  bed.  Use  the  right  or  left  hand, 
according  as  the  feet  of  the  child  are  to  the  right  or  left  side  of  the  pelvis; 
always  so  introducing  the  hand,  that  the  child  shall  be  in  its  palm,  and  the 
back  of  the  hand  opposed  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  uterus.  The  hand  and 
arm  to  be  introduced  during  an  interval  of  pain;  and  they  must  be  flattened 
and  tranquil  whilst  the  uterus  is  contracting  forcibly.  If  both  feet  cannot 
be  readily  brought  down,  seize  one,  and  tie  a  fillet  around  it. 

3.  If  the  toes  point  to  the  vertebral  column,  or  to  the  aMumen  of  the  mother, 
the  head,  in  its  descent,  will  not  enter  the  pelvis:  the  chin  and  occiput  will 
be  hitched  on  the  pubis  and  promontory  of  the  sacrum.  In  such  case,  grasp 
the  nates  as  soon  as  they  have  passed  the  os  externum  ;  and,  during  a  pain, 
endeavour  to  dirgct  the  toes  towards  either  sacro-iliac .synchondrosis.  When 
the  fingers  can  be  passed  along  the  body  of  the  child,  and  over  the  shoulders 
to  the  bend  of  the  elbows,  draw  down  the  arms  successively.  When  the  body 
is  expelled,  and  the  head  filling  up  the  brim,  the  termination  of  labour  must 
be  accelerated  by  passing  two  fingers  over  the  shoulder  of  the  child;  using 
moderate  and  steady  extracting  power,  whilst  one  finger  of  the  other  hand, 
passed  into  the  mouth,  depresses  the  chin  on  the  sternum.  In  this  way,  the 
head  may  be  extracted. 


III.    IXSTRUMENTIL   LABOURS, 


General  Observations 


1.  Short  Forceps . 


2.  Long  Forceps . 


3.  Lever  or  Vectis . 


4.  Fillet  and  Blunt  Hook . 


Or  those  requiring  the  Assistance  of  appropriate  Instruments. 


If  the  pains  become  feeble,  or  inadequate  from  any  cause; — or  if  the  presenting 
part  be  firmly  wedged  in  the  pelvis;  or  the  woman  be  becoming  exhausted, 
instrumental  assistance  may  be  required.  In  all  such  cases,  place  the  female 
on  the  back  or  left  side,  empty  the  bladder  and  rectum ;  wait  till  the  os  uteri 
is  in  a  fit  state;  afford  assistance  during  the  pains;  introduce  the  instrument 
during  the  intervals  between  the  pains;  have  the  patient  on  her  left  side 
(generally) ;  and  extract  according  to  the  axes  of  brim  and  outlet,  as  the  case 

,      may  be. 

I  Apply  these  to  the  sides  of  the  head  of  the  child,  so  that  the  ears  and  parietal 
protuberances  may  be  within  the  fenestrte.  Introduce  the  left-hand  blade 
first:  the  index  and  middle  fingers  of  the  right  hand  guiding  it  to  the  ear. 
"With  the  right  hand  pass  the  other  in  an  opposite  line,  corresponding  with 
the  course  of  the  first  blade,  guided  by  the  fore  and  middle  fingers  of  the  left 
hand ;  the  third  and  little  fingers  being  employed  to  retain  the  left-hand  blade 
in  place;  humour  the  instrument  so  as  to  allow  the  blades  to  lock.  The 
handles  may  now  be  tied  gen  tly  together.  The  force  used  must  be  from  blade 
to  blade,  with  a  gentle,  tractile  eS'ort. 
Applicable  where  the  head  does  not  enter  the  brim.  The  long  forceps  must  be 
applied,  in  most  cases,  over  the  occiput  and  face  of  the  child,  so  that  the 
convex  edges  of  the  blades  may  be  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 
When  used,  the  power  may  be  exerted  from  side  to  side,  with  moderate 
traction. 
The  lever  is  applicable  to  the  same  cases  as  the  forceps.  It  must  not  be  used 
strictly  as  a  lever,  but  as  a  hook  with  which  to  draw  downwards.  It  may  be 
applied  to  any  part  of  the  head,  but  is  generally  hitched  on  the  occiput, 
certain  cases  of  breech  and  knee  presentation,  where  the  hand  is  insufficient, 
t  may  be  necessary  to  pass  over  the  joint  a  fillet,  or  the  blunt  hook,  with 
which  to  exert  some  force  of  traction.     The  operation  is  very  simple. 


(  In  certa 

-<      it  ma; 

(_      which 


PARTURITION,  DRY 


685 


PASSIVE 


Embetdicia. 


Ststphtsotomy     and 
SAKEAN  Section. 


Cje- 


Sepaeation  op  the  Head 
of  the  fcetus  from  the  • 
Body. 


Induction 
Laeoue. 


OF    Premature 


Instrumental  Labours. — Continued. 

Disproportionate  size  of  head,  or  distorted  or  deformed  pelvis,  may  require  the 
child  to  be  destroyed,  and  its  bulli.  lessened ;  or  the  Csesarean  section  or  sym- 
physotomy,  or  the  induction  of  premature  labour  may  be  called  for. 

The  instruments  required  here,  are  the  JPorfirratf/r,  Crntcliet.  and  Craniotomy 
Forceps.  Make  a  steady  pressure  on  the  abdomen;  pass  two  fingers  of  the 
left  hand  up  to  the  head:  feel  for  a  suture  or  fontanelle;  introduce  the  per- 
forator and  bore  through,  until  the  progress  of  theinstrunieflt  is  arrested  by 
its  shoulders.  Open  the  handles,  and  turn  the  instrument  in  different  direc- 
tions, so  that  the  opening  may  be  large  enough  to  admit  the  perforator,  with 
which  the  brain  must  be  broken  down. 

If,  after  this,  delivery  cannot  be  accomplished  without  further  aid,  pass  up  the 
craniotomy  forceps;  open  the  handles  slightly,  and  introduce  the  blade 
without  teeth  within  the  cranium.  On  closing  the  forceps,  ahold  is  obtained; 
and  a  tractile  force  can  now  be  exerted  during  the  pains,  and  the  extrusion 
of  the  child  be  effected. 

Should  great  difficulty  exist  at  the  brim,  the  bones  at  the  top  of  the  head  may 
have  to  be  removed,  untO  the  base  alone  remains.  The  chin  must  then  be 
brought  through  first. 

The  crotchet  is  often  used  instead  of  the  craniotomy  forceps,  being  passed  into 
the  opening  made  by  the  perforator,  and  hooked  upon  some  bony  projection 
in  the  interior  of  the  skull ;  but  it  is  not  a  good  instrument.  In  presentations 
of  the  face  demanding  perforation  of  the  cranium,  the  perforator  should  be 
introduced  just  above  the  nose,  in  the  sagittal  suture. 

When  it  is  necessary  to  open  the  head  after  the  lower  extremities  have  been 
L      expelled,  the  perforation  must  be  made  behind  the  ear. 

In  cases  of  great  narrowness  of  the  pelvis,  the  operation  of  SympJiysotomp  has 
been  adopted  by  French  practitioners, — rarely  by  British  or  American  ;  and, 
in  extreme  cases,  recourse  has  been  had  to  the  C'a;sarean  Section. 

If  the  body  of  the  foetus  has  been  forcibly  separated,  aud  the  head  left  in  the 
uterus,  it  must  be  laid  hold  of  with  one  hand,  and  the  forceps  be  applied  ;  or 
the  head  be  opened  and  delivered,  as  under  embryulcia.  Should  the  head 
have  been  brought  away,  and  the  body  left  behind,  the  feet  must  be  brought 
down. 

In  cases  of  narrowness  of  the  pelvis,  where  the  foetus,  at  the  full  term,  cannot 

be  born  alive,  delivery  may  be  brought  about  at  an  earlier  period,  or  as  soon 

as  the  child  is  capable  of  carrying  on  its  functions  independently  of  the 

mother. 

-    The  most  advisable  plan  for  accomplishing  this  object  is  merely  to  pass  the 

I       finger  round  and  round  within  the  os  and  cervix  uteri,  so  as  to  detach  the 
decidua; — the  membranes  being  thus  left  entire,  and  the  life  of  the  child  not 
so  much  endangered,  as  where  the  membranes  are  punctured,  and  the  waters 
[      evacuated.     Parturition  usually  follows  within  forty-eight  hours. 


The  laying  of  eggs  by  animals  is  termed,  in 
French,  ponte.  The  term  has  been  applied  to  the 
periodical  discharge — ponte  peri o clique  —  of  ova, 
(F.)  Chute  des  (Eufs,  which  is  supposed  to  take 
place  from  the  ovaries  at  each  menstrual  period. 

PARTURITION,  DRY,  Partus  siccus. 

PARTURIUM  VANUM,  Fausse  coiiche. 

PARTUS,  Parturition  —  p.  Abactio,  Abortion 
—  p.  Abactus,  Abortion  —  p.  Cassareus,  Cesarean 
section  —  p.  Difficilis,  Dystocia  —  p.  Laboriosus, 
Dystocia,  Laborious  labour  —  p.  Prsecox,  Partu- 
rition (premature) — p.  Prsematurus,  Parturition 
(premature] — p.  Serotinus,  Opsiotocia. 

Partus  Siccus,  Dry  labour  or  parturition. 
Labour,  which  is  neither  preceded  nor  attended 
by  a  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

PARU'LIS,  from  para,  and  ovXov,  'the  gum.' 
Aponte' ma  jjarulis  seu  paroulin,  Phlec/'mone  Pa- 
rulis.  Gum  Boil,  Alve'olar  abscess.  Small  ab- 
scesses are  so  called  which  generally  form  in  the 
alveoli  and  involve  the  gums,  sometimes  with- 
out any  known  cause,  but  which  often  depend 
upon  carious  teeth. 

PARU'RIA,  from  para,  and  ovpet-i,  'I  pass 
urine.'     Morbid  secretion  or  discharge  of  urine. 

Paruria  Inoontinens,  Enuresis  —  p.  Inconti- 
iiens  aquosa,  see  Diabetes — p.  Inops.  Ischuria, 
false  —  p.  Mellita,  Diabetes  —  p.  Pvetentionis,  Is- 
churia— p.  Retentionis  renalis,  Ischuria— p.  Re- 
tentionis  vesicalis,  Retention  of  urine  — p.  Stil- 
latitia,  Strangury  —  p.  Stillatitia  mucosa,  Cystir- 

PARVITAS  MORBOSA  PARTIUM  OR- 
GANICARUM.  Microtesia. 

PAR'YGRON,  from  para,  and  'vypog,  'humid.' 
A  liquid  or  moist  preparation  for  allaying  topical 
inflammation. 

PAS  B'ANE,  Tussilago. 

PASMA,  Catapasraa. 

PASQUE  FLOWER,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 


PASSA,  Paronychia. 

PASS^  CORINTHIAC^,  see  Vitis  Corin- 
thiaca. 

PASSAGES,  DIGESTIVE,  Ways,  digestive 
— p.  Second,  Ways,  second. 

PASSAMBIO,  Rio  vinaigro. 

PASSE-PIERRE,  Crithmum  maritimura. 

PASSERAGE,  Iberis  amara — p.  Sauvaye,  Car- 
damine  pratensis. 

PASSIBILITY,  GREAT,  HyporEesthesis. 

PASSIFLO'RA  LAURIFO'LIA,  Boy-leaved 
Passion  Flower.  Orel.  Passiflorese.  A  native 
of  Surinam.  The  fruit  has  a  delicious  smell  and 
flavour,  and  quenches  thirst,  abates  heat  of  the 
stomach,  increases  the  appetite,  Ac. 

Passiflora  Malifor'mis,  Apple-shapied  Gra- 
nadil'la.  The  fruit  of  this  species  is  esteemed  a 
delicacy  in  the  West  Indies,  where  it  is  served 
up  at  table  in  desserts. 

Some  of  the  genus  are  said  to  possess  narcotic 
and  emetic  properties. 

PASSIO,  Disease,  Passion — p.  ^moptoiea, 
Haemoptysis — p.  Cadiva,  Epilepsy — p.  Cardiac-a, 
Cardialgia  —  p.  Coeliaea,  Cceliac  flux  —  p.  Chole- 
rica.  Cholera — p.  Felliflua,  Cholera — p.  ITamop- 
toica,  Heemoptysis  —  p.  Hypochondriaca,  Hypo- 
chondriasis—  p.  Hysterica,  Hysteria — p.  Iliaca, 
Ileus — p.  Ischiadica,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea 
—  p.  Pieuritiea,  Pleuritis  —  p.  Stomachica,  Dys- 
pepsia—  p.  Ventriculosa,  Coeliac  flux  —  p.  Vomi- 
coflua,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

■  PASSION,  Pas'sio,  An'imi  Potlie'ma,  Affee'tns, 
Emo'tio,  from  potior, passiis,  'to  sufi'er.'  An  active 
affection  or  emotion  of  the  mindj  as  rage,  ter- 
ror, love,  hatred,  &c. 

Passion  Flower,  Bay-leaved,  Passiflora  lau- 
rifolia — p.  Hysteriqne,  Hysteria — p.  Iliac.  Ileus. 

PASSIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the  mind. 

PASSIVE,  Passi'vua.  Same  etymon  as  Pas- 
sion.    An  epithet  for  diseases  which  seem  owing 


PASSULiE   MAJORES 


686 


PATELLA 


to  a  greater  or  less  diminution  of  the  strength, 
or  which  are  without  apparent  reaction.  Thus, 
passive  hemorrhages  are  such  as  supervene  in 
debilitated  individuals,  or  under  conditions  in 
which  increased  action  of  the  arteries  can  scarcely 
be  presumed.  The  term  passive  has,  also,  been 
given  to  aneurisms  of  the  heart  with  extenuation 
of  the  parietes  ;  in  opposition  to  active  aneurisms, 
with  thickness  of  the  parietes  —  hypertrophy. 

PASSUL^  MAJORES,  see  Vitis  vinifera  — 
p.  Minores,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

PASSULA'TUM,  (Uvcb  passes,  'raisins,  dried 
grapes.')  A  medicine  in  which  the  pulp  of  raisins 
is  a  chief  ingredient. 

PASSY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This  vil- 
lage is  in  the  vicinity  of  Paris  There  are  seve- 
ral springs,  containing  sulphates  of  lime,  iron, 
and  magnesia,  alum,  common  salt,  carbonate  of 
iron,  carbonic  acid,  &c.  They  are  employed  as 
a  tonic  and  astringent. 

PASTA  DE  ALTH^A,  Paste,  marshmallow 
—  p.  Amygdalina,  Confection  (almond)  —  p.  de 
Dactylis,  Paste,  date  —  p.  Emulsiva,  Confection 
(almond) — p.  de  Jujubis,  Paste  of  jujubes  —  p. 
Regia,  Confection  (almond). 

Pasta  Glycyrrhi'z^  Gumma'ta  et  Anisa'ta 
seu  Massa  de  extraetn  glycyrrhi'za.  A  compound 
of  extract  of  liquorice,  gum  Senegal,  sugar,  Flo- 
rence orris-root,  and  volatile  oil  of  aniseed.  De- 
mulcent. 

Pasta  Zinci  Chlo'ridi,  (F.)  Pate  de  Canquoin, 
Paste  of  Chloride  of  Zinc,  Canquoin's  Caustic 
Paste.  This  paste  is  made  of  three  strengths, 
consisting,  respectively,  of  chloride  of  zinc,  1 
part;  wheaten  flour,  parts  4,  .3  and  2 ;  water  suffi- 
cient to  make  a  paste.  This  caustic  destroys  the 
part  in  a  direct  ratio  with  the  thickness  of  the 
layer  applied. 

PASTE,  Pasta,  (F.)  PaLte.  A  viscid,  tenacious 
mixture.  Also,  a  compound  medicine,  like  the 
pastil,  but  less  consistent,  flexible,  less  saccha- 
rine, and  more  mucilaginous. 

A  convenient  paste  for  attaching  labels  to  glass, 
or  for  other  services,  is  made  of  gum  tragacanth 
and  tcater,  to  which  alum  is  added.  This  the  author 
always  keeps  by  him.  Another  form  is  to  make  a 
solution  of  Gum  Arabic,  ^},  boiling  water,  f^ijj 
and  glycerin,  f^ij  ;  and  another  is  made  by  mixing 
powdered  Gum  Arabic,  and  powdered  tragacanth, 
of  each  ^ss,  tcater,  f^iss,  acetic  acid,  ■n\^xx. 

Paste,  Cagliari,  see  Turundse  Italieae. 

Paste  op  Chloride  op  Zinc,  Pasta  Zinci 
chloridi. 

Paste,  Date,  Massa  seu  Pasta  de  dae'tylis. 
Composed  of  dates,  sugar,  gum  Arabic,  loater,  and 
orange-flower  loater. — Ph.  P.     Demulcent. 

Paste  of  Iceland  Moss,  Pasta  Liche'nis,  (F.) 
Pdte  de  lichen.  A  paste  made  by  boiling  lichen 
Islandicus  to  a  proper  consistence,  and  adding 
gum  Arabic  and  sugar. 

The  Pdte  de  Lichen  opiacee  contains  opium  in 
addition  ;  about  Jd  of  a  grain  to  an  ounce. 

Paste,  Italian,  see  Turundae  Italicae. 

Paste  op  Ju'jubes,  Pasta  de  ju'jubis,  Ifassa 
de  zisypho' riini  fructu,  (F.)  Pdte  de  Jujube.  Com- 
posed of  jujubes,  gum  Senegal,  sugar,  water,  and 
tincture  of  lemon-peel.     Demulcent. 

Paste,  Marshmal'low,  Massa  de  gummi 
Arab'ieo,  Pasta  de  althm'd,  (F.)  Pdte  de  Gui- 
mauve.  A  compound  of  gum  Arabic,  sugar,  lohite 
of  egg,  and  orange-floioer  water. — Ph.  P.  It  is 
demulcent. 

Paste,  Tooth,  Dentifricium  —  p.  Vienna,  see 
Powder,  Vienna  —  p.  Ward's,  Confectio  piperis 
nigri. 

PASTEL,  Isatis  tinctoria. 

PASTE  QUE,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

PASTIL,  Pastil'lus,  Diocres,  Avic'ula  Gip'ria, 


Cande'la  fuma'lis,  Phthois,  Phthois'cus.  A  com- 
pound  of  aromatic  substances  in  various  shapes, 
used  as  a  fumigating  material  when  set  fire  to 
See  Fumigation. 

The  French  use  the  term  Pastille,  (L.)  Pastil' 
lus,  for  a  solid,  dry,  round,  oblong,  square,  or 
triangular  compound,  whose  base  is  essential  oil, 
and  sugar  the  excipient.  These  pastilles  are  in 
fact  small  lozenges,  and  only  differ  from  the 
tablette  in  their  smaller  size.  They  are  termed, 
also,  Saccharoles  solides. 

PASTILLE,  see  Pastel. 

PASTILLES  DIGESTIVES  D'EAUTE- 
RIVE-VIOHY,  see  Trochisci  Sodse  bicarbonatis 
— p.  Fumigating,  see  Fumigation  — j).  de  Vichy, 
see  Trochisci  Sodse  bicarbonatis. 

PASTILLI  DIGESTIVI  DARCETII,  see 
Trochisci  Sodse  bicarbonatis  —  p.  Emetinte  Pee- 
torales,  Trochisci  emetinse  pectorales. 

Pastil'li  de  Mentha  Piperi'ta,  Peppermint 
drops.  (Saceh.  alb.,  aqucp.  menthcB  pip-,  aq.  des- 
ctiY^ai.  aa,^ij.  Boil  to  the  consistence  of  an  elec- 
tuary. Take  of  fine  white  sugar  in  powder,  §iv; 
volatile  oil  of  peppermint,  Jss.  Mix,  and  add 
the  electuary  whilst  warm.  Drop  it  then  on 
marble,  and  dry  the  drops. — Ph.  P.) 

PASTILLUS,  Pastil. 

PASTINACA  ALTISSIMA,  P.  opoponax— p, 
Anethum,  Anethum  graveolens  —  p.  Graveolens, 
Anethum  graveolens — p.  Opaca,  P.  sativa. 

Pastina'ca  Opop'anax.  Ord.  Umbelliferae. 
The  name  of  the  plant  which  furnishes  the  Opo- 
panax.  The  plant,  whence  the  gum  resin  is  ob- 
tained, has,  also,  been  called  Fer'ula  opop'onax 
seu  apop'onax,  Pastina'ca  altiss'ima,  Laserpit'- 
ium  seu  Seli'num  chiro'nium,  Opopana'cum,  Pa- 
nax heracle'um  seu  costi'num,  Pastina'cea,  Kyna, 
Hercides-all-heal,  Opop'anaxivort. 

Opopanax,  Opopana'cis  gummi-resi'na,  Gezir, 
Pop'anax,  Gummi  Puna'cis,  exudes  from  the  roots 
when  wounded.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  pecu- 
liar; taste,  bitter  and  acrid.  It  is  met  with  in 
the  shops,  in  lumps  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour, 
without;  white  within.  It  has  been  recommend- 
ed as  an  antispasmodic  and  emmenagogue ;  but 
is  seldom  used.     Dose,  gr.  x.  to  ^jj  in  powder. 

Pastinaca  Pratensis,  p.  sativa. 

Pastina'ca  Sati'va,  Elaphobos' cum ,  Pastinaca 
sylves'tris  seu  opa'ca  seu  praten'sis,  Ane'thum 
seu  Seli'num  pastina'ca,  Ban'ica,  Garden  pars- 
nep),  (F.)  Panais,  The  root  is  sweet  and  nutri- 
tious, and  is  in  esteem  as  an  article  of  food.  It 
has  been  used  as  a  diuretic  and  demulcent  in  cal- 
culous affections,  &c. 

Pastinaca  Stlvestris,  P.  sativa — p.  Sylves- 
tris  tenuifolia  officinarum,  Daucus  carota. 

PA  TA  TE,  Convolvulus  batatas. 

PATCHOULI,  Pogostemon  patchouli. 

PATE,  Paste — p.  Arsenicale,  Arsenical  paste 
— p.  de  Canquoin,  Pasta  Zinci  chloridi — p>.  Caus- 
tiquede  Vienne,  Powder,  Vienna — p.de  Guimauve, 
Paste,  marshmallow  — p.  de  Jujube,  Paste  of 
Jujubes. 

PATEL'LA,  Rot'ula,  R.  genu,  Epigon'atis,Epi- 
gon'tis,  Acromy'le,  Epigou'nis  seu  Epigu'nis  seu 
Epigo'nis,  Mola  seu  Concha  seu  Oc'ulus  seu  Orbia 
seu  Scutum  genu,  Os  scutifor' me  seu  disciforme 
seu  thy reo'i'des,  Supergenua'lis,  Caucalo'i'des,  My'- 
lacris,  Myle,  Gamba,  Olec'ranon  mob'ile,  (Prov.) 
Cop  bone,  (F.)  liotule.  Diminutive  of  patera, 
'  a  boil,'  so  called  from  its  shape.  A  sort  of  sesa- 
moid, flat,  short,  thick,  rounded  bone,  situate  in 
front  of  the  knee,  and  enveloped  in  the  substance 
of  the  tendon  common  to  the  extensor  muscles 
of  the  leg.  The  posterior  surface  of  the  patella 
is  divided  into  two  facettes,  united  angularly, 
which  are  encrusted  with  cartilage,  and  each  of 
which  is  articulated  with  one  of  the  condyles  of 


PATENCY  OF  THE  FORAMEN  OVALE  68  7 


PAVILION 


the  femur.  The  patella  is  developed  by  a  single 
point  of  ossification.  When  the  patella  is  frac- 
tured, it  is  difficult  to  produce  bony  union.  This 
can  only  be  accomplished  by  keeping  the  frac- 
tured extremities  closely  in  apposition. 
Patella,  Cup — p.  Fixa,  Olecranon. 
PATENCY  OF  THE  FORAMEN  OVALE, 
Bee  Cyanopathy. 

PATENT  MED'ICINE,  lledechie  hrevetee  ou 
patentee,  Remede  brevete  ou  patenle.  A  medici- 
nal compound,  for  the  sale  of  which  the  proposer 
obtains  from  government  an  exclusive  privilege. 
A  specification  of  his  invention  must  be  registered 
in  the  Patent  Ofiice,  and,  hence,  it  differs  from 
a  secret  medicine. 

PATER  OMNIUM  VIVENTIUM,  Penis. 
PATERA  DIOGENIS,  Palm. 
PATEUX,  Clammy. 
PATHEMA,  Afi"ection,  Disease. 
PATHEMATOLOGY,  Pathology. 
PATHET'IC,  Pathet'icus,  from  TTaOcoi,  '  I  feel.' 
That  which  moves  the  passions.     A  name  given 
to  the  superior  oblique  muscle  of  the  eye,  and, 
also,  to  a  nerve. 

Pathetic  Muscle,  Oblique  superior  of  the  eye. 
Pathetic  Nerve,  Nerviis  Pathet'icus  seu  tro- 
ehlea'ris  seu  trochleato'rius  seu  trochlea' tor,  the 
A^th  pair  of  nerves,  Par  qxiartiim,  (F.)  Oeido-mus- 
culaire  interne  (Ch.),  Nerf  pathetiqne,  is  the 
smallest  encephalic  nerve.  It  arises  behind  the 
inferior  part  of  the  tubercula  quadrigemina  (testes) 
at  the  lateral  parts  of  the  valvula  Vieussenii.  Its 
roots  unite  into  one  thin  round  cord,  which  makes 
a  turn  upon  the  peduncles  of  the  brain,  and  passes 
into  a  canal  of  the  dura  mater,  near  the  posterior 
clinoid  process.  It  enters  the  orbit  by  the  broad- 
est parts  of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  terminates 
in  the  superior  oblique  muscle  of  the  eye,  by  divi- 
ding into  several  filaments, 

PATHETISM,  Magnetism,  animaL 
PATHIC,  Morbid. 
PATHICAL,  Morbid. 
PATHICUS,  Morbid. 
PATHNE,  Alveolus. 

PATHOGENET'IC,  Pathogenet'ictia,  Patho- 
gen'icHs.  Same  etymon  as  Pathogeny.  Relating 
to  pathogeny. 

Pathogenetic  PHYSioLOGfy,  Phy8iolog''ia  pa- 
thogenet'ica.  That  part  of  physiology  which  re- 
lates to  the  origin  of  disease. 

PATHOGENICUS,  Pathogenetic. 
PATHOG"ENY,  Pathogen'ia,  Nosogen'esis, 
Nosogen'ia,  from  iraSo;,  'a  disease,'  and  ytvtatg, 
'generation.'  The  branch  of  pathology  which 
relates  to  the  generation,  production  and  develop- 
ment of  disease. 

PATHOGNOMONIC,  Pathognomon'icus,  Sig- 
num  conjunc'tum  seu  characteris'ticum  seu  niorbi 
easentia'le ;  from  ira^g,  'an  affection,'  and  yi- 
vwuKoi,  '  I  know.'  A  characteristic  symptom  of  a 
disease. 

PATHOG'RAPHY,  P allograph' ia,  from  to- 
5of,  'disease,'  and  ypa<pii),  'I  describe.'  A  de- 
scription of  disease. 

PATHOLOGIA,  Pathology  — p.  Humoralis, 
Humorism  —  p.  Solidaris,  Solidism. 

PATHOLOG"ICAL,  Patholog"ieus,  Pathol'o- 
gus,  (F.)  Pathologique.  Same  etymon  as  pa- 
thology. Relating  to  pathology.  Often  used  in 
the  sense  of  pathical. 

Pathological  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 
PATHOL'OGIST,  Pathol'ogus.    Same  etymon. 
One  versed  in  pathology. 

PATHOL'OGY,  PathematoVogy,  Patholog"ia, 
Pathematolog"ia,  Patholog"ice,  from  Ta-?oj,  *  a 
disease,'  and  \oyog,  'a.  discourse.'  The  branch 
of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  knowledge  of  dis- 
ease.    It  has  been  defined  diseased  physiology, 


and  physiology  of  disease.  It  is  divided  into  ge- 
7ieral  and  special.  The  first  considers  diseases 
in  common;  —  the  second,  the  particular  history 
of  each.  It  is  subdivided  into  internal  and  ex- 
ternal, or  medical  and  surgical. 
Pathology,  Humoral,  Humorism. 
PATHOMA'NIA,  Parapathi'a,  Moral  Tnaa- 
nity,  from  na&oi,  'a  disease,'  and  mania.  Ma'nia 
sine  Delir'io.  A  morbid  perversion  of  the  natu- 
ral feelings,  affections,  inclinations,  temper,  ha- 
bits, moral  disposition,  and  natural  impulses, 
without  any  remarkable  disorder  or  defect  of  the 
intellect,  or  knowing  and  reasoning  faculties,  and 
particularly  without  any  insanity  or  halluci- 
nation. 

PATHOMYOTOM'IA;  from  to 60?,  'affection,' 
HVi  or  fivuiv,  'muscle,'  and  toijt],  'incision.'  The 
title  of  a  work  by  Dr.  John  Bulwer  (1649),  being 
"a  dissection  of  the  significative  muscles  of  the 
affections  of  the  mind." 

PATHOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 
PATHOS,  Affection,  Disease. 
PATIENCE,    Rumex    patientia  — p.   d'Eau, 
Rumex  hydrolopathum  —  p.  Garden,  Rumex  pa- 
tientia — p.  Rouge,  Rumex  sanguineus — p.  Sau- 
vage,  Rumex  acutus. 
PATIENT,  see  Sick. 
PATIENT  OF  DEATH,  Agony. 
PATIENTIA,  Rumex  patientia. 
PATIENTI^  MUSCULUS,  Levator  scapulae 
PATNE,  Alve^^lus. 
PATOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 
PATOR  NA'RIUM.     The  cavity  or  the  open- 
ing of  the  nostrils. 

PATRATIO,  Ejaculation,  (of  sperm.) 
PATRINIA  JATAMANSI,  Nardus  Indica. 
PATTE  D'OIE  (F.),  '  Goose's  foot.'   An  apo- 
neurotic expansion,  which    covers    the    internal 
surface  of  the  tibia  at  its  upper  part,  and  consists 
of  the  expansion  formed  by  the  tendons  of  the 
.sartorius,  gracilis,  and  semi-tendinosus  muscles. 
PATURSA,  Syphilis. 

PAU,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  Pau  is  the  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Lower  Pyrenees,  and  is 
about  150  miles  from  Bordeaux,  and  60  from 
Bayonne.  The  climate  corresponds  with  that  of 
the  south-west  of  France  generally;  its  great 
quality  is  the  comparative  mildness  of  its  spring, 
and  exemption  from  cold  winds.  It  is  regarded 
as  a  favourable  winter  residence  for  invalids  la- 
bouring under  chronic  affections  of  the  mucous 
membranes.  It  is  too  changeable  for  the  con- 
sumptive; and  to  be  avoided  by  the  rheumatic. 

PAULLIN'IA.    This  is  an  extract  from  a  plant 
of  the  same  name  in  Brazil.     It  is  prepared  by 
the    Indians,    and    appears   to  possess    excitant 
powers.     In  Brazil,  and  the  neighbouring  coun- 
tries, it  is  given  in  the  form  of  tisane  —  the  pow- 
der being  mixed  with  cocoa  —  in  diarrhoea  and 
dysentery.     It  has  been  employed  also  as  a  tonic. 
An  extract  is  prepared  in  Brazil  from  Paidlinia 
sor'hilis,   Ord.  Sapindaceae,   known   there  under 
the  name  of  Guarana,  which  is  administered  in 
similar  pathological  cases. 
PAUME  DE  LA  MAIN,  Palm. 
PAUNCH,  Ingluvies. 
PAUONTA,  Sedatives, 
PA  UPIERE,  Palpebra. 

PAUSIME'NIA,  from  Ttavaig,  'cessation,' and 
fij;v£j,  'menses.'     Cessation  of  the  menses. 
PAVANA  WOOD,  Croton  tiglium. 
PA  VANNE,  Laurus  sassafras. 
PAVIL'ION.     The  French  give  the  name  pa- 
vilion, to  the  expanded  extremity  of  a  canal  or 
cavity, — for  example,  of  a  catheter,  sound,  &c. 

Pavilion  of  the  Eae,  Anric'nla,  Pinna, 
O'tium,  Ala,  (F.)  Anricule  ou  Ovicide,  Pavilion 
de  I'oreille,  is  seated  behind  the  cheeks,  beneath 


PAYILLON  DE  L'OREILLE      688  PECTORA.LIS   INTERNUS 


the  temple,  and  anterior  to  the  mastoid  process. 
Its  size  varies  in  individuals.  It  is  free  above, 
behind,  and  below.  Anteriorly  and  within,  it  is 
continuous  with  the  neighbouring  parts.  Its 
outer  surface  has  several  prominences,  the  Helix, 
Anthelix,  Tragus,  Antitragus,  and  Lohe ;  and  se- 
veral cavities — the  groove  of  the  Helix,  the  fossa 
navicularis  sou  scnpho'ides,  and  the  Concha.  The 
skin  which  covers  the  pavilion  is  very  fine,  and 
studded  with  a  number  of  sebaceous  follicles. 
The  auricle  is  fixed  to  the  head  by  three  fibro- 
areolar  ligaments;  —  a  sujierior,  anterior,  and 
posterior. 

PA  VILLON  DE  U OREILLE,  Pavilion  of 
the  ear — p.  de  la  Trompe,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana. 

PAVIMENTUM  CEREBRI,  Base  of  the 
brain. 

PAVINA,  iEseulus  hippocastanum. 

PAVITA'TIO,  Tremor ;  from  pavitare,  pavi- 
tatum,  'to  tremble  from  fear.'  Trembling  from 
fright. 

PAVOPHOBIA,  Panophobia. 

PAYOR  (L.),  Dread.  Great  fright.  Pano- 
phobia. 

Pavo'res  Noctur'ni  seu  Dormien'tiom.  Fear 
during  sleep. 

PA  VO  T,  Papaver. 

PAW,  Manus. 

PAWPAW,  see  Carica  papaya. 

PAXWAX,  see  Nucha. 

PAXYWAXY,  see  Nucha. 

PAZAHAR,  Bezoar. 

PEA,  Pisum  —  p.  Garden,  Pisum  —  p.  Ground 
Squirrel,  JefiFersoniana  Bartoni — p.  Hoary,  Galega 
Virginiana — p.  Love,  Abrus  precatorius — p.  Nut, 
Arachis  hypogea  —  p.  Partridge,  Cassia  chamse- 
crista  —  p.  Turkey,  Galega  Virginiana. 

PEACH  BRANDY,  Amygdalus  Persica  — p. 
Tree,  Amygdalus  Persica  —  p.  Wood,  see  Ceesal- 
pinia. 

PEAGLE,  Primula  veris. 

PEAR,  see  Pyrus  malus  —  p.  Avocado,  Persea 
gratissima. 

PEARL,  Perla,  ilar'garon,  Blargari'ta,  Mar- 
geVlium,  Ilarge'lis,  U'nio,  (F.)  Perle.  A  round- 
ish concretion  of  a  silvery  white  colour,  and  bril- 
liant polish,  found  in  several  shells,  and  espe- 
cially in  the  Avic'ula  viargaritif  era,  which  has, 
hence,  been  called  Mater  perlarwn,  Margari'ta, 
and  Mother  of  pearl,  and  is  much  used  in  the 
fabrication  of  handles  for  surgical  instruments, 
<fcc.  Pearls  were  formerly  given  in  powder  as 
astringents  and  antacids.  They  consist  of  lime 
and  an  animal  matter. 

Pearl  Ash,  Potash  of  commerce. 

Pearl,  Mother  of,  see  Pearl — p.  White,  Bis- 
muth, subnitrate  of. 

PEAU,  Cutis — p.  Divine,  Condom. 

PEA  UCIER,  Platysma  mvoides. 

PECAN  or  PECCAN  NUT,  see  Hickory, 

PECCANT,  Peceans,  from  peccare,  'to  sin.' 
Morbid,  not  healthy.  An  epithet  given  by  the 
humourists  to  the  humours  when  erring  in  quality 
or  quantity.     See  Materia  Morbosa. 

PECHAN,  Stomach. 

PECHEDEON,  Perinseum. 

PECHEGUERA,  A  pulmonary  affection  af- 
fecting children  three  or  four  months  old  in  South 
America,  which  is  promptly  fatal. 

PJ&CHER,  Amygdalus  Persica. 

PECHIAGRA,  Pechyagra. 

PECHING,  Anhelatio.      . 

PECHU'RIM  seu  PICHU'RIM  CORTEX.  A 
highly  aromatic  bark,  the  produce  of  a  species  of 
laurus.  It  is  extremely  fragrant,  like  cinnamon, 
which  it  greatly  resembles  in  its  properties.  In 
Portugal  it  is  used  in  the  cure  of  dysentery,  &c. 
See  Pichurim  beans. 

PECH'YAGRA,  Pech'iagra,  Ancon'agra,  Pec- 


tihagra,   from   ttvX^^'    '*'^^   elbow,'  and  aypa,  *a 
seizure.'     Gout  affecting  the  elbow. 
PECHYS,  Elbow. 
PECHYTYRBE,  Porphyra  nautica. 
PECKISH,  Hungry. 
PECTE,  Cheese. 

PECTEN,  Pubes.     Also,  a  comb. 
Pecten    Dentium,    see    Sepes  —  p.    Veneris, 
Scandix  cerefolium. 

PECTIHAGRA,  Pechyagra. 
PECTIN,  from  zriKTos,  'coagulated,  curdled.' 
A  name  given  by  Braconnot  to  a  principle  which 
forms  the  basis  of  vegetable  jelly.  It  is  exten- 
sively difi'used  in  the  juices  of  pulpy  fruits  and 
roots,  especially  when  they  are  mature ;  and  oc- 
casions these  juices  to  coagulate  when  they  are 
mixed  with  alcohol  or  boiled  with  sugar. 

It  is  the  basis  of  one  of  the  classes  of  elemen- 
tary principles  of  Dr.  Pereira — the  pectiiiaceous. 

PECTINACEOUS,  Pectinous. 

PECTINA'LIS,  from  pecten,  peciinis,  'the 
pubes;'  Pectina'us,  Miis'culus  liv'idus,  Pectinn'- 
tus,  (F.)  Puhio- femoral,  Siispuhio-femoral  (Ch.), 
Pectine.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  inner  and 
upper  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  long,  flat,  and  tri- 
angular ;  is  attached,  above,  to  the  space  which 
separates  the  ileo-pectineal  eminence  from  the 
spine  of  the  os  pubis;  and,  below,  by  a  flat  ten- 
don, to  the  oblique  line  which  descends  from  the 
lesser  trochanter  to  the  linea  aspera.  The  pecti- 
nalis  bends  the  thigh  on  the  pelvis,  and  carries 
it  outwards  in  adduction  and  rotation.  It  may 
also  bend  the  pelvis  on  the  thigh. 

PECTINATED,  Pectina'tua,  Pectin'iform, 
Pec'tinate,  (F.)  Pectine,  from  pecten,  pectinis, 
'a  comb.'  Having  the  shape  of  the  teeth  of  a 
comb. 

Pectinated  Muscles,  Pecitna'?!  mws'cji??.  The 
fascicular  texture  observed  in  the  right  auricle 
of  the  heart:  —  Mus'culi  Auric' ula  Pectina'ti. 
Their  main  use  probably  is  —  to  prevent  the  over 
dilatation  of  the  auricles. 

PECTINATUS,  Pectinalis. 

PECTINE,  Pectinalis,  Pectinated. 

PECTINEUS,  Pectinalis. 

PECTINIFORM,  Pectinated. 

PECTINOUS,  Pectina'ceus,  Pectino'sus,  Pec- 
tina' ceous,  from  pectin.  Of  or  belonging  to  pec- 
tin or  vegetable  jelly, — as  &  pectinous  or  pectina- 
ceous  vegetable  principle. 

PECTORAL,  from  pectus,  pectoris,  'the 
breast.'     Relating  to  the  breast.     See  Pectorals. 

PECTORAL,  GRAND,  Pectoralis  major. 

PECTORALS,  Corset. 

PECTORALIS  INTERNUS,  Triangularis 
sterni. 

Pectora'lts  MA30'R,fTQ'm  pectus, pectoris,  'the 
breast.'  Pectora'lis,  Sterno-cleido-hrachia'lis, 
(F.)  Sterno-costo-clavio-humeral,  Sterno-humeral 
(Ch.),  Grand  Pectoral.  A  large,  flat,  triangular 
muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  chest, 
before  the  axilla.  It  is  attached,  on  the  one 
hand,  by  means  of  aponeurotic  fibres,  to  the  inner 
half  of  the  anterior  edge  of  the  clavicle ;  to  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  sternum,  and  to  the  carti- 
lages of  the  first  six  true  ribs ; — on  the  other,  by 
a  strong  tendon,  which  is  inserted  at  the  anterior 
edge  of  the  bicipital  groove  of  the  humerus.  The 
use  of  this  muscle  is  to  move  the  arm  in  various 
directions.  If  it  be  hanging  by  the  side  of  the 
body,  it  carries  it  inwards  and  a  little  forwards. 
When  the  arm  is  raised,  it  depresses  it  and  car- 
ries it  inwards.  It  can,  also,  move  it  in  rotation 
inwards.  If  the  humerus  be  raised  and  fixed, 
the  pectoralis  major  draws  the  trunk  towards  the 
upper  extremity. 

Pectora'lis  Minor,  Scrra'tus  anti'cus  minor, 
(F.)  Costo-coraco'idien  (Ch.),  Petit  Pectoral,  Petit 


PECTORALS 


689 


PEDUNCLE 


denfele  antei-ieiir.  This  muscle  is  situate  beneath 
the  preceding,  at  the  anterior  and  upper  part  of 
the  chest.  It  is  flat  and  triangular;  is  attached 
by  its  base,  which  appears  digitated,  to  the  upper 
edge  and  outer  surface  of  the  3d,  4th,  and  5th 
true  ribs,  and  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  part  of 
the  coracoid  process.  The  pectoralis  minor  draws 
the  scapula  forwards  and  downwards,  and  makes 
it  execute  a  rotatory  motion,  by  virtue  of  which 
its  inferior  angle  is  carried  backwards,  and  the 
anterior  depressed.  When  the  shoulder  is  fixed, 
it  elevates  the  ribs  to  which  it  is  attached,  and 
aids  in  the  dilatation  of  the  chest. 

PECTORALS,  Pectora'Ua,  Thorac"ica.  Me- 
dicines considered  proper  for  relieving  or  remo- 
ving aifections  of  the  chest. 

Pectoral  Dkops,  Bateman's,  consist  chiefly 
of  tincture  of  castor,  with  some  camphor  and  opi- 
nm,  flavoured  by  aniseed.  Gray  gives  the  follow- 
ing formula:  Castor,  ^y,  ol.  anisi,  ^j  ;  caniph. 
3v  ;  cocci,  ^iss  ;  opii,  ^vj  ;  proof  spiirit,  a  gallon. 

A  form,  advised  by  a  committee  of  the  Phila- 
delphia College  of  Pharmacy,  is  the  following: — 
Alcohol,  dil.  cong.  iv ;  Santal.  riibr.  ras.  ^j;  di- 
gere  per  boras  xxiv;  cola,  et  adde  Pulv.  opii, 
Palv.  catechu,  Camphorcs,  aa  ^ij  ;  01.  anisi,  ^iv. 
Digest  for  ten  days. 

PECTORILOQUE,hom  pectus, pectoris,  'the 
chest,' and  loqui,  'to  speak.'  One,  according  to 
Laennec,  who  presents  the  phenomenon  o{  Pecto- 
riloqnism.     Also,  a  stethoscope. 

PECTORILOQUJE,  Pectoriloquy— ;j.  Chiv- 
rotante,  Egophony. 

PECTORILOQUOUS  BRONCHOPHONY, see 
Pectoriloquy. 

PECT0RIL'0QUY,Pec«on7'ogK/s)n,Cou'erno«s 
voice,  Pectorilo'quia,  (F.)  Pectoriloqnie,  Voix  cn- 
verneuse,  V.  artieulee.  Same  etymon.  Speech 
or  voice  coming  from  the  chest.  Laennec  has 
designated,  by  this  name,  the  phenomenon  often 
presented  by  consumptive  individuals,  when  their 
chests  are  examined  with  the  stethoscope.  The 
voice  seems  to  issue  directly  from  the  chest,  and 
to  pass  through  the  central  canal  of  the  cylinder, 
—  a  phenomenon  owing  to  the  voice  resounding 
ill  the  anfractuous  cavities,  produced  in  the  lungs 
by  the  suppuration  or  breaking  down  of  tuber- 
cles, which  constitute  abscesses  or  nlcers  of  the 
lunfjs.  By  some,  it  is  not  separated  from  bron- 
chophony, having  been  termed,  at  times,  stronc/ 
hronchophony,  and  pectoril'oqtio^is  bronchophony. 
See  Laryngophony.  Whispering  jyectoriloquy  is 
that  produced  by  the  whispering  of  the  patient. 

PECTORO'SUS,  from  jijec^^s,  pectoris,  'the 
chest.'     One  who  has  a  broad  chest. 

PECTUS,  Sternum,  Thorax  —  p.  Carinatum, 
see  Carina  and  Lordosis. 

PECULIUM,  Penis. 

PEDAGRA,  Potassas  supertartras  impurns. 

PEDAL,  Peda'lis,  from  pes,  pedis,  '  the  foot.' 
Relating  to  the  foot :  —  as 

Pedal  ApoNEURo'sis,(F.)^^jo»puro«ej)ecZ/e7(se. 
A  thin,  aponeurotic  layer,  which  invests  the  ex- 
tensor brevis  digitorum  pedis,  and  separates  the 
tendons  of  the  foot  from  each  other. 

PEDBELLY,  Physconia. 

PEDES,  Genital  organs. 

PEDESrS,  Pulsation. 

PEDETHMOS,  Pulsation. 

PEDIAL'GIA,  Pedional'gia,  PedionetiraV gia, 
from  irdiov,  'the  sole  of  the  foot,'  and  aXyo^, 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  sole  of  the  foot.  Neuralgia 
of  the  foot  in  general.  An  affection  of  this  kind, 
under  the  name  Pedionalgie,  prevailed  in  1762 
at  Savigliano  in  Piedmont,  and  in  1S06  amongst 
the  military  at  Padua. 

PEDICLE,  VITELLINE,  see  Vesicula  umbi- 
licalis. 

PEDICULARIA,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
44 


PEDICULATIO,  Phtheiriasis. 

PEDIC'ULUS,  Phtheir,  Louse,  (Prov.)  Biddy, 
(F.)  Pou.  Diminutive  of  pes,  pedis,  'a  foot,' 
from  its  having  many  feet.  A  genus  of 
parasitic  insects.  The  human  body  is  infested 
with  three  kinds:  the  Body-louse,  or  Clothes- 
louse,  Pedic'ulus  vestirnen'ti,  (F.)  Pou  de  corps ; 
the  Head-louse,  Pedic'ulus  cap'itis,  (F.)  Pou  de 
la  tete,  which  lives  in  the  hair;  the  Crab-louse, 
Mor'pio,  Fera'lis  pedic'ulus,  Plnt'ula,  Phthi'rius 
inguina'lis,  Pedic'ulus  Pubis,  (F.)  3forpion,  which 
infests  the  hair  of  the  pubes.  Infusion  of  to- 
bacco, or  mercurial  ointment,  or  ointment  of  white 
precipitate  of  mercury,  or  the  white  or  red  pre- 
cipitate of  mercury,  readily  destroys  them.  The 
louse  occurring  in  phtheiriasis,  2>edic'ulus  tabes- 
cen'tium,  differs  from  the  common  louse. — Vogel. 

Pedicdlus  Capitis,  see  Pediculus  —  p.  Pubis, 
Crab-louse — p.  Tabescentium,  see  Pediculus — p. 
Vestimenti,  see  Pediculus. 

PEDICURE,  Chiropodist. 

PEDICUS,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

PEBIEUX  (muscle),  Extensor  brevis  digito- 
rum pedis. 

PEDIGAMBRA,  Ysambra. 

PEDILAN'THUS  TITHYMALOI'DES,  Eu- 
phor'bia  lithymaloides  seu  myrtifo'lia,  Jew  bush. 
Order,  EuphorbiaccEe,  grows  in  various  parts  of 
the  West  Indies.  The  practitioners  of  Curacoa 
give  a  decoction  in  venereal  cases.  It  is  also 
used  in  domestic  practice,  in  amenorrhoea.  It  is, 
moreover,  known  and  used  as  Ipecacuanha. — 
Lindley. 

PEDILU'VIUM,  from  pedes,  'the  feet,'  and 
lavo,  'I  wash.'  Lavipe'dium,  (F.)  Pediluve,  Bain 
de  pied.     A  bath  for  the  feet.     See  Bath. 

PEDION,  Sole. 

PEDIONALGIA,  Pedialgia. 

PEDIONEURALGIA,  Pedialgia. 

PEDIUM,  Tarsus. 

PEDONCULE,  Peduncle. 

PEDONCULES  DU  OERVEAU,  Peduncles 
of  the  brain — p.  du  Cervelet,  Corpora  restiformia 
— p.  du  Conarium,  Peduncles  of  the  pineal  gland 
—  p.  de  la  Glande  pineale,  Peduncles  of  the 
pineal  gland. 

PEDORA.  The  sordes  of  the  eyes,  ears,  and 
feet. 

PED'UNCLE,  Pedun'cnlus,  (F.)  PMuncule, 
from  pes,  pedis,  'a  foot.'  This  term  has  been  ap- 
plied to  different  prolongations  or  appendices  of 
the  encephalon. 

Peduncles  of  the  Brain,  Pedun'euli  seu 
Crura  seu  Caudex  cer'ebri,  called,  also,  Crura 
anterio'ra  medul'lm  oblonga'tce,  (F.)  Pedoncnles 
du  Cerveau,  are  two  white  cords,  about  |ths  of 
an  inch  in  diameter,  on  the  outside  of  the  corpora 
albicantia.  They  arise  from  the  medullary  sub- 
stance of  the  brain,  and  gradually  approach,  till 
they  join  the  tuber  annulare.  They  are  formed, 
internally,  of  a  mixture  of  cineritious  and  medul- 
lary matter;  the  former  of  which,  being  of  a 
darker  colour  at  one  part  than  in  any  other  part 
of  the  brain,  has  been  called  Locus  niger  crurum 
cerebri,  Substan'tia  nigra  pedun'euli. 

Peduncles  op  the  CEREBELLUjr,  Pedun'euli 
seu  Crura  cerehel'li,  called,  also.  Crura  posterio'ra, 
are  six  in  number,  three  on  each  side — a  superior, 
a  middle,  and  an  inferior.  The  superior  pedun- 
cles are  generally  known  as  the  Processus  ccre- 
helli  ad  testes.  Crura  cerehel'li  ad  cor'pora  quad- 
rigem'ina,  Bra'chia  cojndati'va:  the  inferior  are 
the  Processus  cerebelli  ad  medullam  oblongatam ; 
and  the  middle  are  called,  also,  Cerebel'lar  ped'un- 
clea  —  Proces'sHs  seu  Crura  cerehel'li  ad  pontem, 
Brn'chia  pontis. 

Peduncles,  Inferior,  of  the  Cerebellxim, 


PEDUNCULUS 


690        PELVI-TROCHANTERIAN 


Corpora  restiformia — p.  of  the  Medulla  oblongata, 
Corpora  restiformia. 

Peduncles  of  the  Pine'al  Gland,  PeduneuU 
cona'rii,  (P.)  Pedoneules  de  la  glande  pineide,  P. 
dii  Oonarium,  are  two  medullary  bands  or  strips, 
■which  seem  to  issue  from  the  pineal  gland,  and 
proceed  on  each  side  upon  the  upper  and  inner 
region  of  the  optic  thalami.     See  Pineal  Gland. 

Pedunculi  Cerebrlli,  Peduncles  of  the  Cere- 
bellum—  p.  Cerebri,  Peduncles  of  the  brain  —  p. 
Conarii,  Peduncles  of  the  pineal  gland,  see  Pineal 
gland  —  p.  Medullse  oblongatae,  Corpora  resti- 
formia. 

PEDUNCULUS,  Peduncle. 

PEGA.  Canthus  (lesser). 

PEGANEL^'ON,  Oleum  rtifa'ceum,  O'leum 
riifte,  from  ^iiyavov,  'rue,'  and  eXaiov,  'oil.'  Oil 
of  Paie. 

PEGANUM,  Ruta. 

PEGMIN,  Corium  phlogisticum. 

PEINE,  Hunger. 

PEIXOTHERAPIA,  Limotherapeia. 

PEIRA,  Effort,  Experience,  Nisus. 

PELA'DA,  (P.)  Pelade.  A  word  of  uncertain 
origin,  applied  to  alopecia,  especially  to  that  re- 
sulting from  syphilis.     See  Alopecia. 

PELA'GIA.  A  kind  of  scaly  erysipelas  of  the 
hands  —  sometimes  of  the  legs,  at  others,  of  the 
face.     Pellagra  [?]. 

PELAGRA,  Pellagra. 

PELARGO'NIUM  ANCEPS,  Peris'tera  an- 
cejjs.  A  South  African  plant,  A^at.  Ord.  Gera- 
niacefe,  the  decoction  of  which  is  used  by  the 
Malays  in  amenorrhoea,  and  to  promote  parturi- 
tion and  abortion. 

PELARGONiDjr  Antidysenter'icttm,  Jenhinso'- 
nia  antidysenter' ica.  This  South  African  plant  is 
used  by  the  natives  in  dysentery.  It  is  boiled  in 
milk. 

Pelargo'ni0M  Cuculla'tum.  Common  along 
the  side  of  the  Table  Mountain.  It  has  been  re- 
comtnended  in  decoction  as  an  enema  in  colic, 
nephritis,  and  suppression  of  urine.  It  is  an  ex- 
cellent emollient,  and  was  formerly  exported  to 
Holland  under  the  name  Herha  AlthcB'm. 

Pblargo'nium  Triste,  Polyac'tium  triste.  The 
root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  is  somewhat  astringent,  and  is  used 
there  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  and  as  an  an- 
thelmintic. 

PEL'ICAN,  Pelica'nus,  Peleca'nus,  Pel'ecan, 
Pel'ecas,  vcXekuv,  from  reXeKaoi,  'I  cleave.'  An 
instrument,  curved  at  the  end  like  the  beak  of  a 
pelican.     Its  use  is  to  extract  teeth. 

PELI'CIDE,  Pelu'de,  Mel  coe'tum.  BoUed 
honey. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

PELICOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 

PELIDNOMA,  Ecchymoma,  Pelioma. 

PELTO'MA,  Pelidno'ma  from  t£>"c,  'black.' 
A  livid  ecchymosis. — Forestus.  See  Ecchymoma. 

P:^LI0SE,  Purpura. 

PELIOSIS,  Purpura  haamorrhagica — p.  Rheu- 
matica,  see  Purpura  simplex. 

PELLA,  Cutis,  Prepuce. 

PEL'LAGRA,  Pel'agra,  Tchthyo'sis  seu  Taher 
sen  Impeti'ijo  Pellagra,  Elephanli'asis  Ital'ica, 
Lepra  Mediolanen' sis  sen  Lombard'tca,  Scorhu'- 
tiis  alpi'nus,  3fa'nia  pella'gria,  Erythe'ma  endem'- 
icnm  seu  pel'lagrum,  Ineolazione  de  Primavera, 
Male  del  Sole,  Dermat'agra,  Erysip' elasperiod' ica 
nervo'sa  chron'ica,  Paral'ysis  scorhu'tica,  Scurvy 
of  the  Alps,  (P.)  Mai  de  misire,  Scorhut  des 
Alpes;  from  tteXAo,  [?]  '  skin,' and  aypa,  'seizure.' 
A  disease,  particularly  noticed  among  the  Milan- 
ese, which  consists  in  the  skin  becoming  covered 
with  wrinkles,  and  assuming  a  scaly  appearance, 
especially  in  the  parts  exposed  to  the  air.  The 
strength  diminishes,  the  intellectual  faculties  and 


sensations  become  obscure,  and  cramps,  convul- 
sions, and  other  lesions  of  muscular  contractility 
supervene.  It  is  a  singular  endemic  affection, 
and  has  been  supposed  to  follow  everywhere  the 
introduction  of  Indian  corn:  hence  the  name 
Eapha'nia  ma'iz'tica,  given  to  it  by  some  of  the 
Italian  physicians. 

An  affection  endemic  in  the  Asturias  is  said  to 
be  a  variety  of  pellagra.  It  is  the  Hosa  seu  Lepra 
Astii'ricn,  3fal  de  la  Rosa. 

PELLENS,  itova  pellere,  'to  drive.'  Driving; 
impelling. 

Pellen'tia  Medicamen'ta  are  medicines  that 
promote  the  occurrence  of  the  menstrual  or  hae- 
morrhoidal  flux. 

PELLICULA  OVI,  Membrana  putaminis — p. 
Summa,  Epidermis  —  p.  Superior,  Epidermis. 

PELLICULA  CORDIS,  Ostiola  cordis. 

PELLIS,  Cutis  —  p.  Summa,  Epidermis. 

PELLITORT,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineura  — p. 
American,  Parietaria  Pennsylvanica — p.  Bastard, 
Achillea  ptarmica  —  p.  of  Spain,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum —  p.  Wall,  Parietaria. 

PELMA,  Sole. 

PELOH^'MIA,  (F.)  PeloUmie,  from  r,,Xoy, 
'dirt,'  and  'aifia,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  the 
blood  in  which  it  is  thick,  syrupy,  and  of  a  very 
dark  colour  —  as  in  diseases  of  the  blood,  gan- 
grene, &c. 

PELOR,  Monster. 

PELORIA,  Monster. 

PELORIUM,  Monster. 

PELORUM.  Monster. 

PELOTE  DE  MER,  Pil a  marina. 

PELTALIS  seu  PELTATUS  CARTILAGO, 
Thyroid  cartilage.  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

PELTAN'DRA  VIRGIN'ICA,  from  vc\tv, 
'  a  target,'  and  avrip,  '  for  anther,'  from  the  shield- 
shaped  stamens.  Arnm  Virgin'ictini,  Calla  seu 
Lecon'tia  seu  Rensselaeria  Virgin' ica,  Arroio 
Arum,  Taraho,  Wampee ;  indigenous;  of  the 
Order  Araceje.  The  fresh  roots  and  seeds  are 
acrid  stimulants,  like  Arum. 

PELTIDEA  AMPLISSIMA,  Lichen  caninus 
—  p.  Aphthosa,  Lichen  aphthosus  —  p.  Canina, 
Lichen  caninus  —  p.  Leucorrhiza,  Lichen  caninus 
— p.  Malacca,  Lichen  caninus — p.  Spuria,  Lichen 
caninus. 

PELTIGERA  CANINA,  Lichen  caninus. 

PELUDE,  Pelicide. 

PELVIC,  Pel'vicHS,  Pelvi'mis,  (F.)  Pelvien, 
from  pelvis.     Belonging  or  relating  to  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Aponeuro'sis,  (F.)  Aponevrose  pel- 
vienne.  A  tendinous  lamina,  given  off  from  the 
sides  of  the  pelvis,  and  from  the  entire  circum- 
ference of  the  brim,  which  passes  into  and  lines 
the  pelvis,  and  is  soon  divided  into  two  distinct 
layers;  —  one  external,  the  lateral  jjelvic  or  obtu- 
rator fascia,  which  continues  to  line  the  sides  of 
the  pelvis,  and  covers  the  obturator  internus 
muscle;  the  other,  internal  or  superior,  which 
passes  inwards  upon  the  side  of  the  prostate, 
bladder,  and  rectum  in  the  male,  and  of  the 
bladder,  vagina,  and  rectum  in  the  female,  in 
order  to  form  the  floor  of  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Catity,  (F.)  Cavite  pelvienne.  Tie 
cavity  of  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Members.     The  lower  extremities. 

Pelvic  Surface  of  the  Il'ium.  That  which 
faces  the  pelvic  cavity. 

PELVICULA  OCULI,  Orbit. 

PELVID'YMUS,  (F.)  Pelvidyme,  from  pelvis, 
and  SiSvfiog,  '  a  twin.'  A  monster  united  at  the 
pelvis,  and  double  above. 

PELVI-TROCHANTE'RIAN,  Pelvi-trocTian- 
teria'nus.  That  which  relates  to  the  pelvis  and 
great  trochanter.  The  Pelvi-troehanterian  re- 
gion is  formed  by  the  muscles — pyramidalis,  two 
obturators,  gemini,  and  quadratus  femoria — which 


PEL  YIEN 


691 


PENDULUM   PALATI 


pass  from  the  pelvis  to  the  digital  cavity  of  the 
great  trochanter. 
PEL  VI EN,  Pelvic. 

PELVIM'ETER,  PeUjcom'eter,  Pelyom'eter, 
Pelicom'eter,  Pyelom'eter,  (F.)  Pelvimitre,  from 
pelvis,  and  nerpov,  '  a  measure.'  A  barbarous  hy- 
brid. This  name  has  been  given  to  different  in- 
struments, invented  for  measuring  the  diameters 
of  the  pelvis,  and  particularly  the  antero-posterior 
or  fore-and-aft  diameter  of  the  brim: — Pelvim'- 
etry,  (P.)  Pelvimetrie.  Two  have  been  chiefly 
employed,  especially  by  French  practitioners: — 
the  Compas  d'epnisseur,  and  the  Pelvimeter  of 
Coutouly.  1.  The  Gompas  d'epaisseur  or  Cal'- 
lijjers  of  Baudelocque,  is  formed  like  a  pair  of 
compasses — with  blunt  extremities — the  branches 
of  which  can  be  moved  at  will.  One  of  these  is 
applied  to  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  the  other  on 
the  sacrum.  About  three  inches  must  be  de- 
ducted from  this  measurement  for  the  thickness 
of  the  mons  veneris,  pubis,  and  the  base  of  the 
sacrum.  2.  The  Pelvimeter  of  Coutouly  resem- 
bles the  instruments  used  by  shoemakers  for  mea- 
suring the  length  of  the  foot.  The  two  branches 
are  introduced,  in  a  state  of  approximation,  into 
the  vagina,  and  then  separated,  so  that  one  touches 
the  promontory  of  the  sacrum,  the  other  comes 
behind  the  os  pubis.  It  is  a  barbarous  contri- 
vance, and  its  introduction  ought  never  to  be  at- 
tempted on  the  living  subject.  It  does  not,  indeed, 
seem  possible  to  introduce  it  without  mischief. 

The  finger  is,  decidedly,  the  best  pelvimeter, 
and  by  it  we  can  judge  whether  the  base  of  the 
sacrum  be  unusually  prominent.  Measurement 
of  the  pelvis  by  the  hand  has  been  called  Pely- 
cocMrometre' sis ;  from  -ncKvi,,  '  the  pelvis,'  ;^£«/), 
'  the  hand,'  and  lisrpov,  'measure.' 
PELVIMETRY,  see  Pelvimeter. 
PELVIS,  Oho'ana,  Py'elos,  Lec'ane,  (F.)  Bas- 
ein ;  so  called  from  tteXuj,  and  TrcXXif,  'a  basin,' 
because  fancied  to  be  shaped  like  an  ancient 
basin.  The  part  of  the  trunk  which  bounds  the 
abdomen  below.  It  is  a  large,  bony,  irregular, 
conoidal  cavity, — open  above  and  below, — which 
supports  and  contains  a  part  of  the  intestines, 
and  the  urinary  and  genital  organs;  and  serves, 
at  the  same  time,  as  a  fixed  point  for  the  articu- 
lation of  the  lower  limbs,  the  attachment  of  their 
muscles,  and  the  execution  of  their  movements. 
The  pelvis  supports,  behind,  the  vertebral  column, 
and  is  sustained,  before,  by  the  ossa  femorum. 
It  is  situate,  in  the  adult,  near  the  middle  part 
of  the  body,  and  is  composed  of  four  broad,  flat, 
unequally  thick  bones,  differing  much  in  their 
shape,  size,  and  arrangement,  which  touch,  are 
articulated  at  some  part  of  their  surface,  and  in- 
timately united  by  means  of  a  number  of  liga- 
mentous fascife.  Of  these  bones,  two  are  behind, 
on  the  median  line, — the  sacrum  and  the  coccyx  ; 
the  two  others  are  before  and  at  the  sides,  —  the 
ilia.  They  are  fellows,  and  unite,  before,  with 
each  other.  The  most  important  parts  of  the 
pelvis,  in  an  obstetrical  point  of  view,  are  the 
hrim  and  the  outlet.  The  BRisr,  Angus'tia  abdo- 
mina'lis,  Intro'itus,  Apertu'ra  pelvis  supe'rior, 
Upper  Opening  or  strait  of  the  Cavity  of  the  Pel- 
vis, (F.)  Detroit  snperieur,  D.  abdominal,  is  the 
narrow  part  which  separates  the  greater  pelvis 
from  the  less — the/a/se  from  the  true.  Pelvis  vera 
seu  minor.  In  the  well-formed  woman  it  is  ellip- 
tical, and  slightly  inclined  forwards.  Its  antero- 
posterior, sacro-piuhic  or  con'jugate  diameter,  in  a 
standard  pelvis,  measures  4^  inches,  but  with  the 
soft  parts,  3f  inches ;  its  transverse  or  iliac  or 
lateral,  b\  inches,  but  with  the  soft  parts  4 
inehes  :  a-nd  its  oblique,  Diameter  of  Deventer, 
with  the  soft  parts,  4f  inches.  The  Outlet, 
Ex'itus,  Inferior  opening  or  strait,  Angus'tia 
verinma'lis,  (F.)  Detroit  inferieur,  D.  perineal, 


forms  the  lower  aperture  of  the  pelvis.  The 
antero-posterior  diameter  is  here,  on  account  of 
the  mobility  of  the  coccyx,  5  inches  :  the  lateral, 
4  inches.  The  Axis  op  thk  Pelvis  is  important 
to  be  known  in  obstetrics.  The  Axis  of  the  Brim 
is  indicated  by  a  straight  line  drawn  from  the 
umbilicus  to  the  apex  of  the  coccyx; — the  Aj:is 
of  the  Outlet  by  a  line  drawn  from  the  first  bone 
of  the  sacrum  to  the  entrance  of  the  vagina.  An 
imaginary  curved  line  which  indicates  the  direc- 
tion of  the  canal  of  the  pelvis,  has  occasionally 
been  termed  the  curve  of  Cams,  in  conseqence 
of  its  having  been  pointedly  described  by  the 
German  obstetrician. 

Pelvis  Auridm,  Cochlea — p.  Cerebri,  Infundi- 
bulum  of  the  brain. 

Pelvis  of  the  Kidney,  Pelvis  rena'Us  seu 
renum,  Sinus,  Venter  seu  Alvus  Renum,  (F.)  Bas- 
sinet. This  is  a  small,  membranous  pouch,  occu- 
pying the  posterior  part  of  the  fissure  of  the 
kidney.  It  is  placed  behind  the  renal  artery 
and  vein;  is  elongated  from  above  to  below; 
flattened  from  before  to  behind;  irregularly  oval 
in  figure;  and,  below,  contracts  considerably,  to 
be  continuous  with  the  ureter.  It  receives  the 
orifices  of  the  infundibula,  which  pour  the  urine 
secreted  in  the  kidney  into  its  cavity. 

Pklvis  Minor,  Pelvis — p.  Ocularis,  Scaphium 
oculare  —  p.  Renalis,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney  —  p. 
Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney  —  p.  Vera,  Pelvis. 
PELYCOCHIROMETRESIS,  see  Pelvimeter. 
PELYCOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 
PELYOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 
^EM'MICAN   or   PEM'ICAN.     Meat   cured, 
pounded,  and  mixed  with  fat.    It  has  been  much 
used  as  nutriment  on  long  overland  journeys. 

PEMPHIGO'DES,  Pemph'igoid,  (F.)  Pemphi- 
gode,  from  -rrciKpi^,  'a  blister,'  and  clSo;,  'form.' 
An  epithet  given  by  the  ancients  to  the  fever  that 
accompanies  pemphigus. 

PEM'PHIGUS,  Emphly'sis  Pem'phigus,  Pom'- 
pJioly.r,  from  ttsjjkPi^,  TTc:n<ptyo;,  '  a  blister  ;'  Febris 
bullo'sa  seu  vesicida'ris  seu  ampullo'sa  seu  ^jem- 
phigo'des  seu  pemphingo' des,  Exanthe'ma  serosum, 
Morta,  Pem'phigus  morta  seu  Helvet'icus  seu 
major  seu  minor,  Morbus  bullo'sus  seu  vesicula'ris 
seu  ompuUa'ceus,  Pemphinx,  Pemphix,  Pemphyx, 
Typhus  vesietda'ris,  Vesic'ular  Fever,  Bladdery 
Fever,  Water-blebs,  (F.)  Fievre  bulleuse  ou  vesic- 
vlaire,  ilaladie  bulleuse.  A  disease,  defined  to 
consist  of  vesicles,  scattered  over  the  body  ;  trans- 
parent, filbert-sized,  with  a  red,  inflamed  edge, 
but  without  surrounding  blush  or  tumefaction  ; 
on  breaking,  disposed  to  ulcerate ;  fluid,  pellucid 
or  slightly  coloured  ;  fever,  typhous.  It  is  doubt- 
ful whether  any  such  idiopathic  fever  have  ever 
existed:  the  probability  is,  that  the  fever  and 
vesications  have  been  an  accidental  complication. 
Cullen  thinks  the  Pemphigus  Helveticus  must 
have  been  malignant  sore  throat.  If,  however, 
■such  a  distinct  disease  did  exist,  it  was  probably 
only  as  an  endemico-epidemic. 

Pemphigus  Gangrainosa,  Rupia  escharotica — 
p.  Hungaricus,  see  Anthrax — p.  Infantilis,  Rupia 
escharotica  —  p.  Major,  Pemphigus — p.  Minor, 
Pemphigus  —  p.  Morta,  Pemphigus — p.  Vario- 
lodes,  see  Varicella. 

PEMPHINX,  Pemphigus. 
PEMPHIX,  Pemphigus. 
PEMPHYX,  Pemphigus. 
PEMPT^A  FEBRIS.  Quintan. 
PENJEA  MUCRONATA,  see  Sarcocolla  — p. 
Sarcocolla,  Sarcocolla. 
PENCHE,  Abdomen. 

PENCIL-LIKE  PROCESSES,  Styloid  pro- 
cesses. 

PENDULOUS  ABDOMEN,  Physconia. 
PENDULUM  PALATI,  Velum  pendulum 
palati. 


PENETRATING 


69  2 


PEPSIN 


PEN'ETRATINGr,  Pen'etrans,  froL  penetrare, 
penetratum,  {penitns  intrare,)  'to  go  into.'  A 
wound  is  so  called  which  penetrates  one  of  the 
great  splanchnic  cavities  — Viilnus  penetrans. 

A  medicine  is,  also,  so  called,  which  is  supposed 
to  pass  through  the  pores,  and  stimulate. 
PBNICILLUM,  Compress,  Penicillus. 
PENICIL'LUS,     FeniciUiim,     Penio'ulus,     'a 
painter's  brush;'  diminutive  of  penis,  'a  tail.'   A 
tent  or  pledget.    A  pessary.   The  secreting  glandi- 
form   extremities    of   the   vense    portse,    {Ac"ini 
hilio'si)    have  been    so    termed,  as  well   as    the 
villous  textures. 
Penicillus,  Tent. 
PENICULUM,  Compress. 
PEjSriCULUS,  Penicillus,  Tent. 
PENIDE,  Penidium. 
PENIDES,  Saccharura  hordeatum. 
PENID'IUM,    Penidium    sacchara'tum,    from 
penis,   'a  tail,'  from   the   shape  [?],   (F.)  Penide, 
Sucre  tors.  A  kind  of  clarified  sugar,  made  up  into 
rolls.     Barley  sugar.     It  is  demulcent;  see  Sac- 
charum  hordeatum. 

PENIL,  Mons  veneris. 

PENIS,  'a  tail.'    Caulis,  Coles,  Orndes,  Caulos, 
Men'tula,    Mentn,    PhaU'us,    Farcif'ern,    Postke, 
Pros'thium,    Orithe,    Gor'yne,    Vomer,   Pater  om' - 
nium  viven'trum,   Pria'pns,   Virgn,   V.  viri'lis',   V. 
genita'lis,     Vere'trum,     Satlie,    Jfembrum    viri'le 
seu     Seminole     seu     genitnle    viro'rum,    Iforion, 
Gi/on,   Sic'ula,    Tentum,  JIasta,   H.  nuptia'lis,  H. 
viri'lis,  Vas,  Vas'eulumyPecu'liam,  Vir'gula,  Vir, 
Thyrsus,    Tensus,    Clavus,    Cauda    salax,    Cauda, 
Fas'cinum,  F.  viri'le,  Muto,  Nernus,  N.  fistulo'sus 
seu    fistula'ris    seu    jnveni'lis,    Per'tica  per    se, 
Scapus,    Leco,    Curcu'lio,    Vena,     Contus,     Tehim, 
Gurgu'lio,  Sceptrum,  Arma,  Gla'dins,   Lu'hricum, 
Caput, Muti'nxim,  Palus,  Pes'sulus,  Radix,  Ramus, 
Rutab'ulum,  Arma  Ventris,  Colnmna  adstans  in- 
guin'ibus,  Columna,  Pyr'amis,  Trahs,  Spina,  Cata- 
pulta    viri'lis,     Verpa,    JfarhcF,'ra,     Taurus;    the 
Yard,  Male  organ,  &c.  (F.)   Verge,  llembre  viril. 
This  organ,  the  use  of  which  is  to  carry  the  semi- 
nal fluid  into  the  female  organs  of  generation,  is 
cylindroid,  long,  and  erectile,  and  situate  before 
and  beneath  the  symphysis  pubis.     In  the  ordi- 
nary state,  it  is  soft  and  pendent  in  front  of  the 
scrotum.    During  erection,  it  becomes  elongated, 
upright,    and   assumes  a  triangular  shape.     Its 
tipper   surface  is   called   the  Dorsum  penis,  (F.) 
Dos   de  la  verge;    and,   at  its   anterior  surface, 
there  is  a  longitudinal  projection  formed  by  the 
canal  of  the  urethra.    The  two  sides  of  the  penis 
are  round,  and  its  posterior  extremity  or  root  is 
attached  to  the  pelvis.     Its  anterior  extremity  is 
free,  and  presents  the  glans,  prepuce,  and  orifice 
of  the  urethra.     The  penis  is  formed  of  the  cor- 
pora cavernosa,  the  principal  seat  of  erection  ; 
the  corpus  spongiosum    of  the   urethra,  for  the 
conveyance  of  the  urine  and  sperm  ;  and  of  the 
glans,  -which  terminates  the  canal.     The  Arteries 
of  the  penis  are  branches  of  the  internal  pudlc. 
The  Veins  correspond  with   tlie    arteries.      The 
Nerves  are  from  the  internal  pudic. 

Penis  Cerebri,  Pineal  gland — p.  Femineus, 
Clitoris — p.  Lipodermus,  Paraphimosis — p.  Mulie- 
bris,  Clitoris. 

PENNATUS,  Penniform. 

PEN'NIFORM,  Pennifor'mis,  Penna'tus,  from 
penna,  'a  pen,'  and  forma,  'form.'  An  epithet 
for  muscles  whose  fleshy  fibres  are  inserted  at 
the  side  of  a  middle  tendon,  like  the  feathers  of 
a  pen  on  their  common  stalk. 

PENNSYLVA'NIA,  MINERAL  AVATERS 
OF.  The  most  celelirated  :ire  those  of  Bedford. 
The  Carlisle,  Ephrata,  and  Yellow  Springs  are 
also  frequented. 

PENNYCRESS,  Thlaspi. 


PENNYROYAL,  Mentha  pulegium,  Hedeoma' 
pulegioides — p.  Hart's,  Mentha  cervina. 

PENNYWORT,  ASIATIC,  Hydrocotyle 
Asiatica. 

PENSACOLA,  see  Saint  Augustine. 
PENSEEjYiola.  tricolor  —  p.  Sauvage,  Viola 
tricolor. 

PENSILIA,  Pudibilia. 
PENSY,  Viola  tricolor. 

PENTAMY'RON,  from  -aevrt,  'five,' and  /mpov, 
'ointment.'  An  ancient  ointment,  consisting  of 
five  ingredients.  These  are  said  to  have  been  — 
storax,  mastich,  wax,  opobalsam,  and  unguentum 
nardinum. —  Paulus,  and  Aetius. 

PENTAPHAR'MACON,  from  wji-tc,  'five,' 
and  (papfiaKov,  'remedy.'  Any  medicine  consist- 
ing of  five  ingredients. 

PENTAPHYLLUM.  Potentilla  reptans. 
PEN'TATEUCH,  (SURGICAL,)  Pentateu'- 
chus,  from  ueitc,  'five,'  and  rcvxps,  *a  book,' 
which  signifies  the  five  books  of  Moses — Genesis, 
Exodus,  Leviticus,  Numbers,  and  Deuteronomy. 
By  analogy,  some  surgeons  have  given  the  name 
Surgical  Pentateuch  to  the  division  of  external 
diseases  into  five  classes:  —  wounds,  ulcers,  tu- 
mours, luxations,  and  fractures. 

PENTATH'ETUM,    from    irevre,    'five,'    and 
Tidtvat,  'to  place.'     An  ancient  plaster  consisting 
of  five  ingredients. 
PENULA,  Ingluvies. 

PENZANCE,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  is  the 
chief  residence  of  invalids  in  Cornwall,  England, 
during  the  winter.  It  is  situated  on  Mount's 
Bay,  about  ten  miles  from  the  Land's  End.  It  is 
5i°  warmer  in  winter  than  London ,  2°  colder  in 
summer:  scarcely  1°  warmer  in  the  spring,  and 
only  about  2^°  warmer  in  the  autumn.  It  is  a 
very  favourable  winter  residence  for  the  phthisical 
invalid. 

PEONY,  Peeonia. 
PEPANSIS,  Coction,  Maturation. 
PEPANTICOS,  Maturative. 
PEPASMOS,  Coction,  Maturation. 
PEPAS'TIC,  Pepas'ticus,  from  TrtTroti/o),  'I  con- 
coct.'    A  medicine  supposed  to  have  the  power 
of  favouring  the  concoction  of  diseases.     Matu- 
rative. 

PEPEIRUS,  Concocted. 
PEPERI,  Piper. 

PEPINO  (S.).  A  cucxirbitacea,  which  is  culti- 
vated in  great  abundance  in  the  fields  of  Peru. 
The  pulp  or  edible  part  is  solid,  juicy,  and  well 
flavoured;  but  is  apt  to  disagree. 

PEPO,  Cucurbita  pepo — p.  Lagenarius,  Cucur- 
bita  Ingenaria — p.  Vulgaris,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

PEPPER.  BLACK,  Piper  nigrum  — p.  Cay- 
enne, Capsicum  annuum  —  p.  Chilly,  Capsicum 
annuum  —  p.  Cubeb,  Piper  cubeba  —  p.  Decorti- 
cated, Fulton's,  see  Piper  nigrum  —  p.  Guinea, 
Capsicum  annuum — p.  Jamaica,  Myrtus  Pimento 
— p.  Long,  Piper  longum. 

Pepper  Bush,  Sweet,  Clethra  alnifolia. 
Pepper,  Malaguet'a.  This  term  has  been 
applied  to  the  fruit  or  seeds  of  several  zingibe- 
raceous  plants,  as  well  as  to  the  pimento.  It  is 
usually  considered  to  be  synonymous  with  Orana 
Paradi'si,  Grains  of  Par'adise,  and  Grana  Guine- 
en'sia,  Guinea  grains. — Pereira. 

Pepper,  Poor-Man's,  Polygonum  hydropiper 
—  p.  Tailed,  Piper  cubeba — p.  Turnip,  Arum  tri- 
phyllum — p.  Water,  Polygonum  hydropiper — p. 
Water,  of  America.  Polygonum  punctatum  — p. 
Wall,  Sedum — p.  White,  Piper  album. 
PEPPERWORT,  Lepidium. 

PEPSIN,  Pepsine,  Peps'inxim,  Chy'mosin,  Gas- 
terase,  Diges'tive  Prin'ciple,  from  ttei^is,  *  coction,' 
'  digestion.'  A  peculiar  organic  matter,  which,  in 
combination  with  the  gastric  acids,  is  considered 
to  form  the  proper  digestive  solvent.     Its  chemi- 


PEPSINUM 


693 


PERIiERESIS 


cal  constitution  is  unknown.  It-  would  appear 
that  its  presence  is  necessary  to  induce  changes  in 
the  elements  of  the  food,  which  may  enable  the 
gastric  acids  to  act  upon  them  so  as  to  form 
chyme. 

PEPSINUM,  Pepsin. 
PEPSIS,  Coction,  Digestion. 
YEPTIC,  Pep' ticus,  from  nenro},  '1  ripen,'  'I 
digest.'     An  agent  that  promotes  digestion,  or  is 
digestive.     Also,  applied  adjectively  to  an  article 
of  food  that  is  easy  of  digestion. 

Peptic  Persuader,  see  Pilulee  aloes  et  Kinae 
Kinaj. 

PEPTONE.  A  presumed  definite  combination 
between  the  solvent  fluid  in  the  stomach,  and  al- 
buminous matters  received  into  the  organ  as  ali- 
ments.    The  same  as  Albuminose. 

PER,  'by  or  through,'  in  composition  often 
gives  intensity  to  the  signification  :  as  pertussis,  a 
violent  cough. 

PERACUTUS,  Catoxys. 
PERARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis. 
PERATODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 
PERCE-CRANE,  Perforator. 
P^i^C^-i^jeC'/iLE.Bupleurumrotundifolium. 
PERCE-3I0USSE,  Polytrichum. 
PERCErMUEAILLE,  Parietaria. 
PERCE-PIERRE,  Ci-ithmum  maritimum. 
PERCBP'TA,  from  j^ercipere,  perceptum,  {per, 
and  caplo,)  'to  perceive,'  'receive.'     A  word  used 
by  some  writers  on  hj-giene  to  indicate,  in  a  gene- 
ral manner,  the  effects  of  the  nervous  action  on 
the  animal  economy:  in  other  words,  the  sensa- 
tions, the  functions  of  the  mind,  and  their  dete- 
rioration or  privation. 

PERCEPTIBILITY,  see  Sensibility. 
PERCEP'TION,    Perc-ep'th.     Same    etymon. 
The  appreciation  which  the  brain  has  of  an  im- 
pression made  upon  an  organ  of  sense. 

PERCEPTIVITY.  Same  etymon.  The  power 
of  perception. 

PERCOLATIO,  Filtration,  Percolation. 
PERCOLA'TION,  Percolu'tlo,  from  pereolare, 
percolatum,  (per,  and  eolare,)' to  strain  through.' 
The  terms  per- 
colation and  dis- 
pilacement  are 
applied  in  phar- 
macy to  an  ope- 
ration which 
consists  in  pla- 
cing any  sub- 
stance, the  vir- 
tues of  which 
have  to  be  ex- 
tracted by  a 
menstruum,  in  a 
funn  el-  shaped 
instrument,  hav- 
ing a  septum  perforated  with  hole«,  or  its  tube 
stuffed  with  cotton  or  tow,  and  pouring  fresh 
portions  of  the  menstruum  upon  ic  until  all  its 
virtues  have  been  extracted.  The  operation  is 
used  in  the  formation  of  certain  infusions,  ex- 
tracts, tinctures,  &c. 

An  instrument  used  for  this  purpose  is  called  a 
displacer  or  per'colator. 

PERCOLATOR,  see  Percolation. 
PERCUSS.  Percu'tere,  Percussion,  {per,  and 
quotere,  'to  strike,')  (P.)  Percnfer,  Frapper.  Same 
etymon  as  the  next.  To  strike  upon  with  the 
view  of  appreciating  the  resulting  sound.  To 
practise  percussion. 

PERCUS'SION,  Epicrou'sis,  Percus'sio.  When 
immediate  or  direct  percussion  is  made  on  the 
chest  or  abdomen,  the  more  or  less  perfect  reso- 
nance is  an  index  of  the  state  of  the  contained 


Displacer  or  Percolator. 


organs;  and  the  physician  is  thus  aided  in  his 
diagnosis.  For  this  purpose  the  chest  may  be 
struck  with  the  fingers,  gathered  into,  a  bundle, 
and  their  tips  placed  upon  a  level.  It  is  better, 
however,  to  employ  mediate  p)ercHSsion,  which 
consists  in  interposing,  between  the  point  of  the 
fingers  and  the  chest,  the  finger  of  the  other 
hand,  or  a  Plexim'eter,  and  striking  this  instead 
of  the  naked  chest. 

Percussion,  Auscultatory,  see  Acouophonia, 

PEP  CUTER,  Percuss. 

PERCUTEUR  COURBE  A  MARTEAU, 
(F.)  An  instrument  used  by  Baron  Heurteloup 
in  the  operation  of  lithotomy,  in  which  a  ham- 
mer is  employed  instead  of  a  screw,  to  force  to- 
gether the  blades  of  the  instrument  on  the  foreign 
body. 

PERDO'NIUM.  A  medicated  wine  of  herbs. 
— Paracelsus. 

PERETERIUM,  Trepan. 

PERETORIUM,  Trepan. 

PER'FORANS,  from  perforare,  {per,  and  fo- 
rare,)  '  to  bore  through.'  A  name  given  to  diffe- 
rent muscles,  whose  tendons  pass  through  inter- 
vals between  the  fibres  or  tendons  of  other  mus- 
cles; thence  called  perforated.  See  Flexor 
Longus  Digitorum,  <tc.  Under  the  name  Per'- 
forating  Ar'teries,  are  included,  1.  In  the  hand — 
arterial  branches,  given  off  by  the  profound 
palmar  arch,  which  traverse  the  muscles  and  in- 
terosseous spaces.  2.  In  the  thigh — three  or  four 
arteries,  furnished  by  the  profunda,  which  pass 
through  the  openings  of  the  abductor  magnus. 
3.  Iti  the  foot — the  anterior  and  superior  branches 
of  the  plantar  arch. 

Perforans  Casserii,  see  Cutaneous  —  p.  Ma- 
nils,  Flexor  profundus  perforans  —  p.  Profundus, 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perfo- 
rans. 

PERFORATED  SPOT,  Locus  perforatus. 

PERFORATING  ARTERIES,  see  Perforans. 

PERFORATIO,  Perforation —p.  Cranii,  see 
Perforator  ^  p.  Intestinorum,  Enterobrosis  —  p. 
Ventriculi,  Gastrobrosis. 

PERFORA'TION,  Perfora'tio,  Anatre'sis,  Di- 
atre'sis.  Same  etymon  as  Perforans.  An  acci- 
dental opening  in  the  continuity  of  organs,  either 
from  an  external  or  internal  cause. 

Perfokation,  Paracentesis  —  p.  de  I'Estomac, 
Gastrobrosis — p.  des  Intestiiis,  Enterobrosis  —  p. 
Uteri,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

PERFORATOR,  Perforato'rium,  (F.)  Perce- 
erane.  An  instrument  for  opening  the  head  of 
the  foetus  in  utero,  when  it  is  necessary  to  dimi- 
nish its  size.  The  operation  is  called  Cephalo- 
tom'in,  Perfora'tio  cra'nii. 

PERFORATORIUM,  Perforator. 

PERFORA'TUS.  That  which  is  pierced. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  muscles 
whose  fibres  or  tendons  separate  to  suffer  other 
parts  to  pass  through  them.  Such  are  the  Flexor 
brevis  digitorum  pedis,  F.  sublimis  perforatus, 
and  Cora<:o-brachialis.  Also,  to  parts  that  are 
perforated  for  any  purpose  —  as  the  substan'tia 
perfora'ta  of  the  brain. 

Perforatus  Casserii,  Coraco-brachialis. 

PERFRIC'TIO,  Perfrige'rium,  Catapsyx'is, 
Peripsyx'is,  from  perfrigere,  perfrictum,  {per,  and 
frigere,)  'to  shiver  with  cold.'  Considerable  re- 
frigeration.    Great  sense  of  cold:  —  shivering. 

PERFRIGERATIO,  see  Rigor. 

PERPRIGERIUM,  Perfrictio. 

PERFUSIO,  Fomentation  —  p.  Frigida,  se* 
Afi^usion. 

PERI,  irept,  'about,  on  all  sides,  round  about. 
An  augmentative  prefix.     Hence  : 

PERIiE'RESIS,  trom  peri,  and  aiptui,  'I  take 
away.'  A  sort  of  circular  incision,  which  the 
ancients  made  in  the  neighbourhood  of  large  ab- 


PERIALGIA 


694 


PERICYSTITIS 


eeesses.     The  periseresis  is  now  only  practised  in 
Bome  cases  of  tumours. 

PERIAL'GIA,  from  peri,  and  a\yoi,  'pain.' 
A  very  violent  pain. 

PERIAMMA,  Amuletum. 

PERIAPTON,  Amuletum. 

PERIBLAST,  Periplast,  (F.)  Periblaate,  from 
TTspi,  '  around,'  and  pXaaroi,  '  a  germ.'  The  amor- 
phous matter,  which  surrounds  the  endoblast,  en- 
doplast,  (F.)  Endoblaste  or  cell  nucleus,  and  un- 
dergoes segmentation. 

PERIBLEMA,  Catablema. 

PERIBLEP'SIS,  from  peri,  and  iSXcto),  'I 
look.'  The  wild  look  that  accompanies  delirium. 
. — Foesius. 

PERIB'OLE,  from  Trtpii^aXAu,  (Trtfi,  and  /3a>Xu)), 
•I  surround.'  The  dress  of  a  person.  The  peri- 
cardium. Also,  the  translation  of  morbific  mat- 
ters towards  the  surface  of  the  body. 

PERIBRO'SIS,  Pericra'sis,  from  Trtpi^p'txTKio, 
[TTcpi,  and  PpuiGKia,  'I  eat,')  'I  eat  around.'  Ulce- 
ration or  erosion  at  the  corners  of  the  eyelids. 

PERICAR'DIAC,  Pericar'dial,  Pericardi'a- 
cus  ;  same  etymon  as  Pericardium.  Relating  to 
the  pericardium, — as  'pericardial  murmur,'  'pe- 
ricardial effusion,'  'pericardial  arteries,  veins,' 
&c.,  &o. 

PERICARDIAL,  Pericardiac. 

PERICARDI'TIS,  from  pericardium,  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation  ;  Inflamma'tio  seu  Pleuri'- 
tis  pericar'dii,  Gardi'tia  exter'na  seu  sero'sa  seu 
membrano'aa,  Exocardi'tis,  Inflamma'tio ii  of  the 
pericardium,  (F.)  Piricardite,  Inflammation  du 
Pericarde.  This  is  probably  the  proper  appella- 
tion for  most  of  those  cases  which  have  received 
the  names  of  Carditis,  Cardij^ericardi' tis,  Cardo- 
pericardi'tis,  and  Gardioperieardi'tis.  Along 
with  signs  of  pyrexia,  the  local  symptoms  resem- 
ble those  of  pneumonia.  Those  which  point  out 
that  the  pericardium  is  the  seat  of  disease,  are 
the  following  : — pain,  referred  to  the  region  of  the 
heart,  or  the  sorobieulus  cordis, — sometimes  pun- 
gent, at  others,  dull  and  heavy :  palpitation,  ac- 
companied with  spasmodic  twitchings  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  heart,  shooting  up  to  the 
left  shoulder;  pulsation,  and  sometimes  soreness 
of  the  carotids,  with  tinnitus  aurium  and  vertigo  ; 
the  breathing  is  by  catches;  dyspnoea  conside- 
rable; pulse  jarring,  jerliing,  peculiar ;  the  tongue 
white,  covered  with  a  mucous  coat,  and  the  skin 
often  bathed  in  sweat,  as  in  acute  rheumatism. 
The  j>h.ysical  signs  during  the  first  period  are  as 
follows.  The  action  of  the  heart  is  generally 
evident  to  the  eye,  and  may  be  felt  by  the  hand. 
There  is  soreness  to  the  touch  over  the  intercos- 
tal spaces,  and  over  a  small  surface  in  the  epi- 
gastric region,  when  the  pressure  is  directed  up- 
wards towards  the  pericardium.  Percussion  is 
usually  natural,  but  at  times  there  is  dulness. 
On  auscultation,  the  cardiac  movements  are 
found  to  be  frequent,  abrupt,  jerking,  and  tu- 
multuous; often  irregular  and  intermittent.  The 
pulse  presents  corresponding  characters.  When 
effusion  of  lymph  has  occurred,  percussion  may 
be  negative,  or  be  but  slightly  affected.  On  aus- 
cultation, in  addition  to  the  preceding  signs, 
there  may  be  one  or  more  of  the  rubbing  or  fric- 
tion bruits  resembling  the  rustling  of  parchment, 
or  of  a  sawing  or  rasping  character.  In  some 
cases,  the  sound  is  like  the  creaking  of  new 
leather.  This  has  been  supposed  to  be  patho- 
gnomonic of  effused  lymph.  The  most  important 
point  in  the  pathology  of  pericarditis  is  its  con- 
nexion with  acute  rheumatism;  and  it  forms  one 
of  the  most  dangerous  occurrences  in  the  latter 
disease.  It  may  be  acute  or  chronic:  in  either 
case,  it  is,  of  course,  formidable.  The  most  act- 
ive depletion  must  be  used ;  with  large  doses  of 
opium,  counter-irritants,  and  all   the  means  re- 


quired  in   the  "most  violent  internal  inflamma- 
tions. 

Pericarditis  Exsudatoria  Sanguinolenta, 
Hsemopericardium. 

PERICAR'DIUM,  Pericar' dion,  Perib' ole, 
3fembra'na  Cor  circumplex'a,  Involu'crum  seu 
Ar'cula  seu  Capsa  seu  Gap'sula  seu  Cam'era  reu 
Indumen'tum  seu  Pannic'utus  seu  3Iembra'r,a  seu 
Theca  seu  Saccua  seu  Sac'cnlus  seu  Scrotum  seu 
Vagi'na  seu  Veai'ca  seu  Area  seu  Thal'amna  re- 
ga'lis  seu  Amphies'ma  seu  Bursa  Cordis,  Sac  or 
Capsule  of  the  Heart,  (F.)  Pericarde;  from  peri, 
and  Kapita,  'the  heart.'  The  pericardium  is  a 
membranous  sac,  which  envelopes  the  heart,  and 
the  arterial  and  venous  trunks  that  pass  from  or 
into  it.  It  is  seated  in  the  separation  of  the  me- 
diastinum, above  the  central  aponeurosis  of  the 
diaphragm,  to  which  it  strongly  adheres.  Its 
shape  is  triangular,  like  that  of  the  heart,  to 
which  it  is  fitted.  The  pericardium  is  composed 
of  two  membranes  : — the  one — external — fibrous; 
the  other — internal — serous.  The  latter,  having 
lined  the  inner  surface  of  the  external  layer,  is 
reflected  over  the  heart,  and  covers  it  entirely  ; 
without,  however,  having  the  heart  within  it;  in 
which  arrangement  it  resembles  other  serous 
membranes.  The  pericardium  envelops  the  heart; 
retains  it  in  position,  and  facilitates  its  move- 
ments by  means  of  the  serous  fluid  contained  in 
its  cavity — Cavum  pericardii — and  secreted  by 
the  membrane  —  Liquor  seu  Aqua  seu  Humor  seu 
Li/mpha  seu  Uri'na  Pericar'dii,  Hydrocar'dia, 
which  it  contains  in  greater  or  less  quantity. 

The  arteries  of  the  pericardium  are  small,  and 
derived  from  the  superior  phrenic,  anterior  me- 
diastinal and  bronchial.  The  veins  accompany 
them,  and  open  into  the  brachio-cepliiUic.  No 
nerves  have  been  traced  to  it.  The  /i/mphatica 
enter  the  lymphatic  glands  that  surround  the 
vena  cava  superior. 

PERICARPIUM,  Epicarpium. 

PERICHOLIA,  Polycholia. 

PERICHONDRI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  perichon'- 
drii,  from  perichondrium,  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  perichondrium  : 
hence  Perichondri'tis  larynge'a  ; — Inflammation 
of  the  perichondrium  covering  the  larynx, 

PERICHON'DRIUM.  (F.)  Perichmdre,  from 
peri,  and  xo'''^('<'s,  'a  cartilage.'  A  membrane  of 
a  fibrous  nature,  which  covers  cartilages  that  are 
non-articular,  and  bears  considerable  analogy  to 
the  periosteum  in  organization  and  uses. 

PERICHRISIS,  Circumlitio,  Liniment. 

PERICHRISTON,  Circumlitio,  Liniment. 

PERICLA'SIS,  from  peri,  and  (fXau,  'I  break. 
A  comminuted  fracture,  with  denudation  of  the 
bone.  ■ — •  Galen.  Foesius. 

PERICLYMENUM,  Lonicera  periclymenum 
—  p.  Vulgare,  Lonicera  periclymenum. 

PERICNE'MIA,  from  peri,  and  Kvrifiri,  'the 
leg.'  The  parts  surrounding  the  tibia; — the  tibia 
itself. 

PERICOLONI'TIS,  Pericoli'tis,  from  peri,  and 
colonitis.  Inflammation  of  the  areolar  tissue  sur- 
rounding the  colon. 

PERICOLPI'TIS,  from  peri,  KoXitog,  'vagina,' 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  areolar  tissue  surrounding  the  vagina. 

PERICRANICEDE'MA,  from  pericranium, 
and  oL&rina,  'a  swelling.'  Q5dema  of  the  head, 
owing  to  fluid  effused  under  the  pericranium. 

PERICRA'NIUM,  Pericra'nion,  Pericra'nia, 
(F.)  Pericrane,  from  peri,  and  xpavtov,  '  the  cra- 
nium.' The  periosteum,  which  covers  the  cra- 
nium externally. 

PERICRASiS,  Peribrosis. 

PERICYSTI'TIS,  irom  peri,  xvarig,  'the  blad- 
der,' and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.     Inflam- 


PERIDERIA 


695 


PERIODOSCOPE 


mation  of  the  areolar  tissue  separating  the  blad- 
der frora  the  neighbouring  parts. 

PEllIDER'IA,  from, ^jeri,  and  lepv,  'the  neck.' 
Twisting  (if  the  cord  round  the  necli  of  the  child. 

PKRIDES'MIC,  Perid es' miens ;  from  peri, 
and  ^£(r/iot,  '  a  ligament.'  Some  nosologists  have 
given  this  name  to  ischuria  caused  by  a  ligature 
round  the  penis  or  by  stricture  of  the  urethra. 

PERID ES'MIUM,  from  peri,  and  izojioi,  'liga- 
ment.' The  delicate  areolar  tissue  covering  a 
ligament. 

PERIDIASTOLE,  see  Diastole. 

FEEIDIDYME,  see  Testicle. 

PERID'ROMUS,  from  peri,  and  (5poM°?,  'a 
course.'  The  extreme  circumference  of  the  hairs 
of  the  bead.  —  Gorrfeus. 

PERIESTICOS,  Salutary. 

PERIGLOTTIS,  Epiglottic  gland:  see  Tongue. 

PERIG'RAPHE,  from  TCiJiypaipoi,  {-zpi,  and 
Ypa^ii),  'I  write/)  'I  circumscribe.'  The  apo- 
neurotic intersections  of  the  rectus  abdominis  are 
so  called. — Vesalius. 

PERIHEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 

PERILARYNGI'TIS,  from  peri,  larynx,  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
areolar  tissue  surrounding  the  larynx,  which  not 
unfrequently  ends  in  perilarynqeal  abscess. 

PERILYMPH.  Cotunnius,  liquor  of. 

PERIMYELITIS,  Meningitis,  spinal. 

PERIMYS'IUM,  Fas'cia,  from  peri,  and  pv;, 
*a  muscle.'  The  areolar  membrane  or  sheath  — 
vagi'na  muscula'ris — that  surrounds  a  muscle,  or 
its  fasciculi.  The  sheath  of  the  whole  muscle  is 
termed  Perimysium  ejcternum;  of  the  fasciculi, 
Perimysium,  internvm. 

PERIN,  Peria,  from  trcpa,  'a,  sac  or  pouch.' 
With  some,  this  means  the  scrotum  ;  with  others, 
the  testicle  ;  with  others,  the  vagina  ;  with  others, 
the  peritnnfeum  ;  and  with  others,  the  anus. 

PERINEOCELE,  Hernia,  perineal. 

PERINEOR'RHAPHY,  PerivaorrJiaph'ia, 
from  TTtpivatov,  'perinaeum.'  and  paiprj,  'suture.' 
Suture  of  the  perinteum,  (F.)  Suture  du  Perinee, 
in  cases  of  laceration  of  the  same. 

PERINJi'UM,  Interfemin'eum,  Literfoemin'- 
evm,  Interfoemin'ium,  Interfoe'mina,  Iter  femin'- 
eiim,  Peris,  Perin,  Perineum,  Gressu'ra,  Plechos, 
Am'phiplex,  Peche'deon,  Mesos'cehni,  Ifesos'celus, 
Perine'on,  Perince'os,  Perine'os,  Tramis,  Tauros, 
Interforamine' iim,  Cocho'ne,  Plichos,  Ifesnme'rion, 
Foemen,  Re'gio  Perina'i,  (F.)  Perinee,  [-zttpiv, 
■iTtipivos,  'the  scrotum'  [?].)  The  space  at  the 
inferior  region  of  the  trunk,  between  the  isehiatic 
tuberosities,  anus,  and  genital  organs.  It  is 
smaller  in  the  female  than  in  the  male ;  has  a 
triangular  shape,  and  is  divided  into  two  equal 
parts  by  a  median  line,  called  Raphe.  It  is  oc- 
casionally ruptured  in  labour.  At  times,  it  has 
been  made  to  extend  posteriorly  as  far  as  the  os 
eoccygis.  The  part  between  the  pudendum  and 
anus  is  sometimes  called  ante'rior  perina'wn,  to 
distinguish  it  from  that  which  extends  from  the 
anus  to  the  coccyx,  called  pioste'rior  perince'um. 

PERINEUS,  Perineal. 

PEPi,INE'AL,  Perinm'us,  Perinmn'lis,  Peri- 
nea'lis.  That  which  relates  or  belongs  to  the 
perinaeum;  as  Perineal  artery,  P.  hernia,  &c. 

Perineal  Aponeurosis,  P.  Fascia. 

Perineal  Artert,  Arte'ria  perineea'lis,  Su- 
perjicial  artery  of  the  Perincs'itm.  A  branch  of 
the  internal  pudic  distributed  to  the  perinajum. 

Perineal  Cutaneous  Nerve,  see  Sciatic 
Derve,  lesser. 

Perineal  Fas'cia.  Fas'cia  Perinee'i,  Perine'al 
aponeurn'sis.  The  fasciae, — stiperficial  and  deep- 
seated — Perine'al  lic)' anient  — Camper's  lic/ament, 
Trian'gular  lig'ament, — which  belong  to  the  peri- 
naeum. 


Perine'al  Fossa,  Fossa  pierina'i,  Ischi a -rectal 
fossa.  A  conical  fossa,  the  base  of  which  cor- 
responds with  the  skin  ;  is  formed  anteriorly  by 
the  transversus  perinaei  muscle;  behind,  by  the 
inferior  border  of  the  glutseus  maxinius;  inter- 
nally, by  the  levator  ani ;  and  externally,  by  the 
tuber  ischii.  It  is  filled  up  with  fat  and  fibrous 
striae. 

Perineal  Ischuria,  Ischu'ria  Perinea'lis.  A 
name  given  by  Sauvages  to  retention  of  urine, 
caused  by  a  tumour  seated  in  the  perinajum. 

Perineal  Ligament,  see  P.  fascia. 

Perineal  Nerve.  A  branch  of  the  internal 
pudic;  which  is  mainlj^  distributed  to  the  peri- 
naeum and  scrotum  of  the  male;  and  to  the  vulva 
and  perinaeum  of  the  female. 

Perineal  Region,  Perineum. 

Perineal  Section,  Sec'tio  periucp.d'lis.  An 
incision  into  the  perinteum  for  the  cure  of  stric- 
ture of  the  urethra. 

PERINEE,  PerinEBum. 

PERINEPHRI'TIS,  (F.)  Phlegmon  perini- 
phretique,  from  peri,  vt^poi,  'kidney,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  ex- 
ternal areolar  and  fibrous  membranes  of  the  kid- 
ney, or  of  their  investing  adipose  areolar  tissue. 

PERINEPHRUS,  see  Kidney. 

PERINEURION,  Neurilemma. 

PER INEVRE,  Is  eur\\emm?L. 

PERINYC'TIDES,  n^pt,  and  vuf,  vvkto;,  'night.' 
An  eruption  appearing  at  night  and  disappearing 
by  day. — Erotian. 

PE'RIOD,  Pe'riodns,  Periodei'a,  Periodeu'sia, 
Sta'dinm,  Circu'itus,  (F.)  Periode,  from  j)eri,  and 
'o^oi,  'way;'  Circuit.  Periods  are  the  different 
phases  or  revolutions  of  a  disease,  —  the  epochs 
which  are  distinguishable  in  the  course  of  a  dis- 
ease. Three  periods  are  commonly  enumerated. 
1.  The  augmentation,  increase,  or  progress,  {In- 
cremen'tum;)  2.  The  acme  or  height,  (F. )  Etaf 
(Status;)  and,  3.  The  decline  (Decrementum.) 
Some  authors  reckon  only  the  invasion  and  ter- 
mination. 

Period  is  sometimes  used  in  describing  an  in-- 
termittent,  for  the  time  between  the  commence- 
ment of  a  paroxysm  and  that  of  the  next,  in- 
cluding the  fit  as  vrell  as  interval. 

Periods,  Monthly,  Menses. 

PERIODEIA,  Period. 

PERIODEUSIS.  Period. 

PERIODEUTES,  Charlatan. 

PERIODICITY,  Periodic"itas.  Rhythm,  (F.) 
Periodicite.  Same  etymon.  The  aptitude  of 
certain  physiological  and  pathological  pheno- 
mena, in  health  or  disease,  to  recur  at  particular 
periods,  after  longer  or  shorter  intervals,  during 
which  they  cease  completely.  Diseases,  thus  re- 
curring, are  called  periodical  or  rhyth'mical  — 
Typo' sea. 

PERIODOL'OGY,  Periodolog"ia,  from  ircpi- 
oSo;,  'a  course  or  circuit,'  and  Aoywf,  'a  discourse.' 
The  doctrine  of  periodicity  in  health  and  disease. 

PERIODONTI'TIS,  (F.)  Periodontite,  Inflam- 
mation  de  la  Jlembrane  alveolo-dentaire,  from 
p>eri,  and  oS^s,  oSovtos,  'a  tooth.'  Inflammation 
of  the  membrane  that  lines  the  socket  of  a  tooth. 

Periodontitis  Gingivarum,  Ulitis. 

PERIOD'OSCOPE,  from  TrcpioSos,  'a  period,' 
and  aKOTTiw,  'I  view.'  An  instrument,  proposed 
by  Dr.  Tyler  Smith,  for  the  ready  calculation  ef 
the  pieriodical  functions  of  the  sex.  It  consists 
of  a  movable  circular  dial,  upon  which  the  months 
and  days  are  engraved,  fixed  on  a  pivot  in  the 
centre  of  a  large  plate  on  which  are  numbered 
the  different  conditions  »f  the  reproductive  sys- 
tem, as  conception,  abortion,  premature  labour, 
hemorrhage,  labour,  &c.  By  a  P.nowledge  of  the 
date  of  conception,  say  November  14th,  and  fixing 


PERIODUS   LUNARIS 


696 


PERISTOLE 


the  movaule  plate  opposite  the  point  on  the  fixed 
plate  which  indicates  conception,  the  observer  is 
enabled,  at  once,  to  see,  that,  allowing  280  days 
for  gestation,  labour  may  be  expected  about  the 
20th  of  August.  The  dial  is  made  of  card-board, 
and  is  afBxed  to  a  small  volume,  in  which  its  uses 
and  applications  are  explained. 

PERIODUS  LUNARIS,  see  Menses  —  p. 
Morbi,  Type  —  p.  Sanguinis,  Circulation. 

PEHIODYN'IA,  from  jyeri,  and  ohvvn,  'pain.' 
A  violent  and  extensive  pain. 

PERWNE,  Decidua. 

PERIOR'BITA,  Perios'teum  or'hita,  (F.)  Pe- 
riorhite,  from  jyeri,  and  orhita,  'the  orbit.'  An 
appellation  used,  by  some,  for  the  periosteum 
lining  the  orbit,  which  is  a  continuation  of  the 
dura  mater.  The  inflammation  of  this  periosteum 
is  termed  Periorhi'tis  or  Peri'orhiti'tis,  and  In- 
flfinrinn'tio  perioif'tei  or'hitcB. 

PERIORBITIS,  see  Periorbita. 

PERIORBITITIS,  see  Periorbita, 

PERIOSTEITIS,  see  Periostitis. 

PERIOS'TEOPHYTE,  from  periosteum,  and 
tpvui,  '  I  grow.'  An  osseous  formation,  com- 
mencing in  the  periosteum. 

PERIOS'TEyM,  Perios'teon,  Penos'teos,  Pe- 
rios'tiiim,  Circnmossa'le,  3lemhra'na  ossis,  Omen'- 
tnm  on'sium,  Circumo^sa'lis  Jfejnbra'iia,  (F.)  Pe- 
riosfe,  from  peri,  and  oareov,  'a  bone.'  The  peri- 
osteum is  afibrous,  white,  resisting  medium,  which 
surrounds  the  bones  every  where,  except  the 
teeth  at  their  coronae,  and  the  parts  of  other  bones 
that  are  covered  with  cartilage.  The  external 
surface  is  united,  in  a  more  or  less  intimate  man- 
ner, to  the  neighbouring  parts  by  areolar  tissue. 
Its  inner  surface  covers  the  bone,  whose  depres- 
sions it  accurately  follows.  It  is  united  to  the 
bone  by  small,  fibrous  prolongations ;  and,  espe- 
cially^, by  a  prodigious  quantity  of  vessels,  which 
penetrate  their  substance.  The  periosteum  unites 
the  bones  to  the  neighbouring  parts.  It  assists 
in  their  growth,  either  by  furnishing,  at  its  inner 
surface,  as  JI.  Beclard  demonstrated,  an  albumi- 
nous exudation,  which  becomes  cartilaginous,  and 
at  length  ossifies  ; — or  by  supporting  the  vessels, 
which  penetrate  them  to  carry  the  materials  of 
their  nutrition.     See  Medullary  membrane. 

PERiosTEU>r  IxTERNu.M,  Medullary  membrane 
—  p.  Orbitae,  Periorbita. 

PERIOSTI'TIS,  Periostei'tis,  Inflamma'tio  pe- 
rios'tei,  from  periosteum,  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  the  periosteum. 

PERIOS'TO-MEDULLI'TIS,  (F.)  Periosto- 
mednl/ite,  from  periosteum,  medulla,  'marrow,' 
and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Simul- 
taneous inflammation  of  the  periosteum  and  me- 
dulla spinalis. —  Gerdy. 

PERIOSTO'SIS,  (F.)  Periostose.  Tumour  of 
the  periosteum.  Tumours  are  so  called  which 
are  developed  on  bones,  and  formed  by  their  outer 
membrane.  These  tumours  are  more  rapidly 
developed,  have  a  less  degree  of  consistence,  and 
sooner  disperse  than  exostoses,  which  they  re- 
semble greatly. 

PERIOSTOSTEI'TIS,  (F.)  Periostosteife,  from 
periosteum,  otmov,  'a  bone,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Simultaneous  inflammation  of  the 
periosteum  and  bone. —  Gerdy. 

PERIPHERAD,  see  Peripheral  aspect. 
PERIPH'ERAL,    Periph'eric,    Peripher'ical; 
from  peri,  and  (pepu),  '1  bear.'    Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  the  periphery  or  circumference. 

Peripheral  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
circumference  of  an  organ. — Barclay.  Periph'- 
erad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to 
signify  'towards  the  peripheral  aspect' 

"PERIPHERAL  VASCULAR  SYSTEM,  Ca^ 
pillary  system. 


PERIPHIMOSIS,  Paraphimosis. 
PERIPLAST,  Periblast. 
PERIPLEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia. 
PERIPLOCA  IXDICA,  Hemidesmus  Indieus 
—  p.  Mauritiana,  see  Scammony. 

PERIP'LYSIS,  from  peri,  and  TrXuo-jj,  'the  act 
of  washing;'  Proflu'vium.  A  copious  dischargr 
from  any  part,  especially  from  the  bowels. 

PBRIPiSrEUMO'NIA,  Peri2)leumo'nia,  Peri- 
pneumoni'tis,  True  peripneu'moiu/,  from  peri,  and 
-vtviiO)v,  'the  lung.'  Inflammation  of  the  sub- 
stance of  the  lungs.     See  Pneumonia. 

Peripneumonia  Bilio'sa.  Inflammation  of 
the  lungs,  accompanied  with  bilious  fever. 

PERiPNErMo'NiA  Catarrha'lis.  Bronchitis  or 
pulmonarj'  catarrh,  with  pain  in  some  part  of  the 
chest.     Peripneumonia  notha. 

Peripneumo'nia  Notha,  P.  spu'ria  seu  pitui- 
to'sa  seu  catarrha'lis,  Pneumo'nia  notha,  Pseudo- 
peripnenmonia,  Pse udo-pneumonia ,  Pseudo-pneu- 
moni'tis,  Bronchoc'ace,  Blennotho'rax,  Obstrne'lio 
pulmo' uum piituito' sa  fehri'lis,  Bronchi'tis  aslheii'- 
ica,  False  or  Bastard  Peripnen'moiiy,  (F.)  Pe- 
ripneumonie  hdtarde  ou  fausse,  Fausse  pneumonie. 
An  inexact  name,  under  which  some  affections 
are  comprised  that  resemble  pneumonia;  and, 
especially  chronic  bronchitis  with  pleurod3-iiia. 
See  Bronchitis  (chronic.) 

Peripnetmonia  Pitcitosa,  p.  notha. 

PERIPXEUMOXITIS,  Peripneumonia. 

PERIPNEUMONY,  Pneumonia  — p.  Bastard, 
Peripneumonia  notha. 

Peripneumony,  Latent.  Peripneumony  whose 
symptoms  are  so  obscure  as  to  be  recognised  with 
difliculty. 

PERIPROCTI'TIS,  from  Ttpj,  'around,'  and 
ugaKTo;,  'the  anus.'  Inflammation  of  the  areolar 
tissue  surrounding  the  rectum. 

PERIPSYXIS,  Catapsyxis,  Perfrictio. 

PERIPYE'MA,  from  pjeri,  and  wov,  'pus. 
Suppuration  around  an  organ;  —  a  tooth  for  ex- 
ample. 

PERIRRHCE'A,  Perir'rhoe,  from  ])eri,  and 
ptw,  'I  flow.'  Afflux  of  fluids  from  every  point 
of  the  body  towards  an  organ  which  has  to  remove 
them  from  the  economy.     Also,  enuresis. 

PERIS,  Perin. 

PERISCELIS.  Jarretih-e. 

PERISCYPHISMUS.  Periscythisraus. 

PERISCYTHIS'xMUS,  Periscy'thisis,  Peri- 
scytis'mus,  Periscy'tisis,  Periscy'j^hisls,  Peri- 
scyphismus,  Scalpiug,  from  peri,  and  T.KvBy]i,  'a 
Scythian,'  that  is,  'scalping  after  the  manner  of 
the  Se3'thians.'  An  operation  described  by  Pan. 
lus  of  .Sgina.  It  consisted  of  an  incision  mada 
around  the  cranium,  and  was  employed  in  hr- 
bitual  weakness  of  the  eyes,  pains  of  the  head, 
&c. 

PERISPHAL'SIS,  Circumduc'tio,  from  peri, 
and  o(i>aXhii>,  'I  move.'  A  circular  motion  im- 
pressed on  a  luxated  bone,  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
ducing it. 

PERISSODACTYLUS,  Polydactylus. 

PERISPLENITIS,  see  Splenitis. 

PERISTALTIC,  Systaltic  — p.  Action,  Peris- 
tole. 

PERISTAPHYLINUS  EXTERNUS,  Circum- 
flexus  musculus — p.  Inferior,  Circumflexus  mus- 
culus  —  p.  Internus,  Levator  palati. 

PERISTERA  ANCEPS,  Pelargonium  anceps. 

PERISTERIUM,  Verbena  officinalis. 

PERISTER'NA,  from  peri,  and  ctTep-vov,  'the 
sternum.'     Thejateral  parts  of  the  chest. 

PERISTOLE,  Motus  Peristal'ticus  seu  com- 
jvesso'rius  seu  vermicula'ris  seu  testudin'eus,  from 
peri,  and  ortAAu,  'I  contract,'  'I  close.'  The 
peristaltic  action  of  the  intestines,  Ifotus  peristal' - 
tictis.  (F.)  Jfouvemcnt  peristaltique.  It  consists 
of  a  kind  of  undulation  or  vermicular  movement, 


PERISTOMA 


697 


PEROCORMUS 


in  appearance  irregular,  but  in  which  the  circular 
fibres  of  the  muscular  membrane  of  the  intestine 
contract  successively,  from  above  downwards,  in 
proportion  as  the  chj'me  advances  in  the  alimen- 
tary canal;  so  that,  being  compressed  above, 
it  is  pushed  into  the  next  portion  of  the  intes- 
tine, whose  fibres  are  in  a  state  of  relaxation. 
AVhen  the  fibres  contract  inversely,  they  occasion 
an  aiitt peristaltic  action.  The  peristaltic  action 
is  involuntary,  and  is  not  under  the  immediate 
infiuence  of  either  brain  or  spinal  marrow.  It 
continues  for  some  time  after  death. 

PERISTOMA,  Peristroma. 

PERISTOMIUM,  Mouth. 

PERISTRO'MA,  Perit'toma,  3fus'eiis  villo'siie, 
CrustH  membrana'cea  seu  vermicula'ria,  from  peri, 
and  aTpiovvv/it,  '  to  spread.'  The  villous  or  mucous 
coat  of  the  intestines. — Castelli. 

PERISYS'TOLE,  from  peri,  and  cviTToXri,  '  eon- 
traction.'  The  interval  that  exists  between  the 
systole  and  diastole  of  the  heart,  which  is  only 
perceptible  in  the  dying.— Bartholine. 

PERITERION,  Trepan  pcrforatif. 

PERITESTIS,  Albuginea. 

PERITOINE,  Peritonaeum. 

PERITOMB,  Circumcision. 

PERITONiEREX'IS,  Peritoncp.orex'is,  from 
peritoncRum,  and  prjyvvjxL,  'to  break.'  Hernia 
formed  by  the  rupture  of  the  peritonaeum. 

PERITONiE'UM,  Peritone'um,  PerifoiicB'on, 
Peritonei' on, Perit'jna;' OS,  Peritoni'on,  Peritone'os, 
Velamen'tum  ubdomina'le,  Tu'nica  prceten'sa  seu 
Operimen'tiim  pratensum  seu  Menibra'na  abduvi'- 
inis,  PagoB,  Siphar,  Syphar,  Zepnch,  Zipjhac,  (P.) 
Peritoine,  from  ^;efi,  and  tcivm,  'I  stretch.'  A 
serous  membrane,  which  lines  the  abdominal 
cavity,  PeritoncB'nm  parieta'le,  extends  over  the 
greater  part  of  the  organs  contained  there,  Perit'- 
oncBtmi  intestina'le  seu  viscera'le,  envelops  them 
wholly  or  in  part,  and  maintains  their  respective 
relations  by  means  of  different  prolongations  and 
ligamentous  folds:  —  the  mesenteyy,  epiploon, 
mesocolon,  &c.  Like  all  the  serous  membranes, 
the  peritoneum,  except  in  the  female,  is  a  sort  of 
sac  without  aperture,  which  covers  the  abdominal 
organs,  without  containing  them  within  it,  and 
the  internal  surface  of  which  is  smooth,  and  lu- 
bricated by  a  serous  fluid.  In  the  male  foetus, 
the  peritonaeum  furnishes  a  prolongation,  which 
accompanies  the  testicle  at  the  time  of  its  descent, 
and,  in  the  female  foetus,  forms  the  Canal  of  Nnck. 
Below  the  neck  of  the  gall-bladder,  the  perito- 
naeum has  a  triangular  opening,  called  the  Fora- 
men or  Hiatus  of  Winslow,  through  which  it  pro- 
ceeds behind  the  stomach,  to  form  a  sort  of  se- 
condary cavity,  called  the  posterior  cavity  of  the 
peritoncBum,  (F.)  Arriere  cavite  p)eritoneale  ou 
Cavite  des  Epiploons. 

Peritoneum  Duplicatum,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
colic. 

PERITOjSTB'AL,  PeritoncB'ns.  That  which 
appertains  or  relates  to  the  peritoneum. 

PERITONITE,  Peritonitis  —p.  Pnerperale, 
see  Peritonitis. 

PERITONI'TIS,  Empres'ma  seu  Cauma  Peri- 
tonitis, Peritonei' tis,  Inflamma'tio  seu  Phleg'- 
inone  PeritoncB'i,  Phlegma'sia  or  Inflammation 
of  the  PeritoncB'um,  from  peritoneum,  and  itis, 
denoting  'inflammation.'  (F.)  Peritonite,  Jn- 
jlammation  du  PSritoine.  The  characteristic 
signs  of  acute  inflammation  of  the  peritonasura 
are, — violent  pain  in  the  abdomen,  increased  by 
the  slightest  pressure,  often  by  the  simple  weight 
of  the  bed-clothes.  Ji  generally  occurs  in  the 
parturient  state  ;  Lochoperitniii'tis,  and  begins  on 
the  second  or  third  day  after  delivery.  At  times, 
a  malignant  epidemic,  and  perhaps  contagious, 
variety  has  made  its  appearance,  and  destroyed 


numbers  of  females.  This  has  been  described 
under  the  name  Puer'pieral  Fever,  Metroperiioni'- 
tis,  Ene'cia  Syn'ochus  Puerpera'rnm,  (F.)  Peri- 
tonite jJ!(ecpe;-aZe,  3fetroj)eritoirite  piierpercde, 
Fievre  piierpercde,  Typjhus  puerperal,  Erythemat'- 
ic  or  Nonplus' tic  Puerperal  Peritonitis,  Typho- 
hm'mic  Peritoni'tis,  Adynam'ic  or  Malig'nant 
Puer'peral  Fever,  Loxu  Fever  of  Childbed.  It  is, 
according  to  some,  a  malignant  inflammation  of 
the  peritoneum  and  uterus;  according  to  others, 
a  Uterine  Phlebitis.  In  any  form  it  requires 
active  treatment,  early  employed.  The  ap- 
pearances on  dissection  are  such  as  occur  when- 
ever a  serous  membrane  has  been  inflamed,  and 
such  inflammation  has  produced  death  : — effusion 
of  fluid  with  flakes  of  coagulable  lymph  in  it; 
appearances  of  vascularity,  &c.,  in  the  membrane. 
The  treatment — in  active  p>eritonitis — must  con- 
sist of  the  same  course  as  recommended  under 
Enteritis.  In  the  chronic  kind,  symptoms  must 
be  combated  as  they  arise,  and  it  may  be  ad- 
visable to  excite  a  new  action  in  the  system  by 
means  of  mercur}'.  In  the  epidemic  and  malig- 
nant variety,  unless  bleeding  be  freely  employed 
at  the  very  outset,  it  does  harm.  If  used  early, 
it  is  of  decided  advantage.  Everything  de- 
pends upon  arresting  the  morbid  process  at  the 
outset. 

Peritonitis,  Ebythkmatic,  see  Peritonitis  — 
p.  Hepatica,  see  Hepatitis- — p.  Nonplastic,  see 
Peritonitis  —  p.  Puerperal,  see  Peritonitis  —  p. 
Typhohsemic,  see  Peritonitis. 

PERITTOMA,  Excrement. 

PERITYPHLI'TIS  ;  from  peri,  and  fypAlttis, 
inflammation  of  the  caacum.  Inflammation  of 
the  areolar  substance  surrounding  the  ca3cum. 
See  Typhlo-enteritis. 

PERI-UTERINE,  Peri-nferi'nus,  badly  com- 
pounded from  peri,  and  uterus.  That  which  is 
situated  around  the  uterus  ;  hence  '^periuterine 
inflammation"  or  "periuterine  phlegmon,"  —  in- 
flammation of  the  areolar  tissue  around  the 
uterus. 

PERIWINKLlE,  LESSER,  Vinea  minor. 

PERIZO'MA,  from  nepi^uirwiii,  (vcpt,  and  i^wv- 
vvfiL,  'to  gird,)  'to  gird  around.'  A  bandage;  a 
girdle.  In  Fabricius  Hildanus,  a  truss.  Herpes 
zoster.     The  diaphragm. 

PER'KINISM.  A  therapeutical  means,  first 
employed  by  Dr.  Elisha  Perkins,  of  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  towards  the  termination  of  the  last 
century,  and  named  after  him.  It  consisted  in 
drawing  over  affected  or  other  parts  the  pointed 
extremities  of  two  metallic  rods,  called  Metallic 
Tractors,  each  made  of  a  difi'erent  metal.  The 
success  obtained,  was  through  the  influence  of 
the  imagination  ;  and,  consequently,  as  a  reme- 
dial agent,  it  ranks  as  high  as  animal  magnetism, 
but  no  higher.  The  operation  was,  also,  called 
Tractora'tion. 

PER'KINIST.  A  believer  in  and  practiser  of 
Perkinism. 

PERKINIS'TIC.  Relating  or  belonging  to 
Perkinism. 

PERLA,  Pearl,  Paralampsis. 

PERLE,  Pearl. 

PERMISTIO,  Coition. 

PERMIXTIO,  Coition. 

PERMOTTO,  Motion. 

PERNWfEUX,  Deleterious. 

PERNICIOSUS,  Deleterious. 

PERNIO,  Chilblain. 

PERNOCTATIO,  Insomnia. 

PEROCEPH'ALUS,  from  rr^po?,  'deficient,' 
and  KKpaXn,  '  head.'  A  monster  with  a  defective 
head. 

PEROCOR'MUS,  from  Trr,pog,  'deficient,'  and 
Kopiiog,  '  trunk.'  A  malformation  in  which  the 
trunk  is  defective,  and  too  short,  from  the  ab- 


PERODACTYLEUS 


698 


PERSPIRATION 


sence  of  one  or  more  vertebrae,  —  the  head  and 
limbs  being  normal. 

PERODACTYLEUS,  Flexor  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PERODYNIA,  see  Cardialgia. 
PEROMEL'IA,    from    Tvpus,    'deficient,'    and 
us)^o;,  'a  limb.'     Congenital  misconstruction,  or 
mutilation  of  the  limbs.     A  genus  in  the  noso- 
logy of  Good. 

PEROM'ELUS.  A  monster  possessed  of  the 
deformity  mentioned  above. 

PJERONE,  Fibula— p.  Col  du,  Collum  fibulse. 
PERONE'AL,  Peronm'us,  Fibula' vis,  Fib'ular, 
(F.)  Perouier,  from  vepovrj,  'the  fibula.'     Belong- 
ing or  relating  to  the  fibula. 

Pbroneal  Artery,  Fib'ular,  A.,  arises  from 
the  popliteal,  and  is  situate  deeply  in  the  pos- 
terior and  outer  part  of  the  leg.  It  gives  off 
branches  of  little  importance.  Near  the  outer 
ankle,  it  divides  into  two  branches.  1.  The  -poa- 
terior  peroneal,  which  descends  behind  the  lower 
joint  of  the  fibula,  on  the  outer  surface  of  the 
calcaneum.  2.  The  anterior  peroneal,  which 
crosses  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  interosseous 
ligament,  to  be  distributed  on  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  foot. 

Peroneal  Muscles  are  three  in  number.  1. 
Peron(BUH  Brevis  seu  Secnndvs  seu  Anti'cua  seu 
Ile'diiis,  Semi-fibnl(B'us,  (F.)  Grand-peroneo-Hus- 
metatarsien,  Court  peroneo-lateral,  3Ioyen  Pero- 
nier.  A  muscle,  situate  beneath  the  peronaeus 
longus.  It  is  attached  above,  to  the  outer  sur- 
face of  the  fibula,  and  terminates,  below,  at  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  6th  metatarsal  bone, 
after  having  been  reflected  beneath  the  malleolus 
externus.  It  extends  the  foot  upon  the  leg,  at 
the  same  time  raising  a  little  the  outer  edge.  It 
may,  also,  act  upon  the  leg,  and  extend  it  upon 
the  foot.  2.  PeroncBUH  Longus  seu  primus  seu 
posti'eus  seu  max'imus  seu  j)oste'rinr,  (F.)  Tihi- 
peroneo-tarsien,  Long  peronier  lateral,  Peroneo- 
sous-tarsien,  (Ch.)  Muscle  grand  peronier.  This 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the  leg.  It 
is  long,  thick,  and  triangular  above;  thin,  nar- 
row, and  flat  below.  It  is  attached  above  to  the 
outer  edge  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the  fibula, 
and  to  the  upper  third  of  the  outer  surface  of  that 
bone.  Below,  it  terminates  at  the  outer  part  of 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal 
bone.  This  muscle  extends  the  foot  on  the  leg, 
turning  its  point  outward,  and  raising  its  outer 
edge.  It  acts,  also,  upon  the  leg,  which  it  ex- 
tends on  the  foot.  3.  Peroncens  Tertins,  Nanus 
Vesa'lii,  (F.)  Peronier  anterieur,  Petit  peroneo- 
sus-metatarsien  (Ch.,)  Petit  Peronier,  A  muscle, 
situate  at  the  anterior,  outer,  and  inferior  part  of 
the  leg.  It  is  long  and  flat,  and  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inferior  third  of  the  anterior  mar- 
gin and  inner  surface  of  the  fibula;  terminating, 
below,  at  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  5th  me- 
tatarsal bone.  This  muscle  bends  the  foot  on  the 
leg,  by  raising  its  outer  edge.  It  can,  also,  bend 
the  leg  on  the  foot. 

Peroneal  Nerve,  see  Popliteal  nerves. 
Peroneal  Vein  follows   the   same    course  as 
the  artery. 

PERONEDACTYLIUS,  Flexor  longus  digito- 
rum pedis  profundus  perforans. 

pMRONEO-LATERAL  court,  Peronaeus 
brevis — p.  Phalanginien  du  gros  orteil,  Flexor 
longus  poUicis  pedis — p.  Sous-phalangettien  du 
ponce.  Flexor  longus  pollicis  pedis — p.  Sous- 
tarsieii,  Peronasus  longus — p.  Sus-metatarsien, 
PeronEeus  tertius — p.  Sus-metatarsien.  grand, 
Peronjeus  brevis — p.  Sn-i-phahmgettien  du  ponce, 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis  pedis  —  p.  Tibi-sus- 
phalangettien  commun,  Extensor  communis  digi- 


torum pedis  — p.  Sus-phalangien  du  pouce,  Ex- 
tensor proprius  pollicis  pedis. 
PERONEUM,  Fibula. 
PERONIER,  Peroneal. 

PERONIER,  GRAND,  Peronaus  longus  — 
p.  Lateral,  long,  Peronffius  longus — p.  Jloyen, 
Peronseus  brevis — p.  Petit,  Peronseus  tertius. 

PERONODACTYLI^US,  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PEROXODACTYLIUS,  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PEROSO'MUS,  from  i:moi,  'deficient,'  and 
aijt>y.a,  '.body.'  A  monster,  whose  whole  body  is 
imperfectly  developed. —  Gurlt. 

PEROSPLANCH'NICA,  from  jDjpof,  'defi- 
cient,' and  an\ay)(^'ov,  '  a  viscus.'  Congenital 
misconstruction  of  the  viscera.  A  genus  in  the 
nosology  of  Good. 

PERPENDICULUM  HEPATIS,  Suspensory 
ligament  of  the  liver. 

PERPERACU'TUS.  'Extremely  acute.'  An 
epithet  applied  to  very  violent  and  rapid  diseases. 

PERPLEXI  MOBBI,  see  Complication. 

PERPLICA'TION,  Perplica'tio ;  from  per, 
'through,'  and  pjlico,  p)licatum,  'to  fold.'  A  me- 
thod of  tying  arteries,  which  consists  in  making 
a  small  incision  in  the  side  of  the  artery,  near 
its  bleeding  orifice,  introducing  a  small  pair  of 
forceps,  seizing  the  open  extremity,  and  drawing 
it  backward,  through  the  aperture  made  in  the 
side  of  the  vessel,  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  knot. 

PERROSIN,  see  Pinus  abies. 

PERRY  COUNTY  WARM  SPRINGS.  These 
are  in  Pennsylvania,  eleven  miles  from  Carlisle, 
and  fourteen  from  Harrisburg.  Temperature 
67°;  impregnation  not  much.  They  are  used  for 
bathing. 

PERSE  A  CAMFORA,  see  Camphor  — p.  Cas- 
sia, Laurus  cassia — p.  Cinnamomum,  Laurus  cin- 
namomum  —  p.  Cubeba,  Piper  cubeba. 

Peu'sea  Gratis'sima,  Laurus  Persea,  Palta 
tree.  Avocado  Pear.  A  slender,  very  high  tree 
of  Peru,  with  a  small  dome-like  top,  which  grows 
on  the  eastern  declivity  of  the  Andes,  and  rises, 
at  times,  to  the  height  of  more  than  60  feet.  Its 
fruit — (S.)  Palta  —  which  is  pear-shaped,  is 
generally  much  liked.  It  dissolves,  like  butter, 
on  the  tongue,  and  hence  is  called,  in  some  of 
the  French  colonies,  beurre  vegetale.  The  leaves 
are  reckoned  balsamic,  pectoral  and  vulnerary. 
The  seeds  are  very  astringent. 

Persea  Pichurim,  see  Pichurim  beans  —  p. 
Sassafras,  Laurus  sassafras. 

PERSIAN  FIRE,  Anthracion, 

PEBSICA  VULGARIS,  Amygdalus  Persica. 

PERSICAIREACRE,  Polygonum  hydropiper 
— p.  Brnlante,  Polygonum  hydropiper— y).  Douce, 
Persicaria  — p.  Poivree,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 

PERSICARIA,  Polygonum  Persicaria— p.  Mi- 
nor, Polygonum  Persicaria — p.  Mitis,  Polygonum 
Persicaria  —  p.  Urens,  Polygonum  hydropiper  — 
p.  Wandspiked,  Polygonum  Virginianum  —  p. 
Water,  Polygonum  amphibium. 

PER  SI  L,  Apium  petroselinum  — p.  d'Ane, 
Chaerophyllum  sylvestre — p.  Faux,  ^thusa  cy- 
napium — p.  de  Macedoin,  Bubon  Macedonicum 
—  p.  de  3!ontagne,  Athamanta  aureoselinum. 

PERSIMMON,  Diospyros  Virginiana. 

PERSOLATA,  Arctium  lappa. 

PERSOLLATA  Arctium  lappa 

PERSOLUTA,  Arctium  lappa. 

PERSPICILLUM,  see  Spectacles. 

PERSPIRABILE  SANCTORIANUM,  Per- 
spiration. 

PERSPIRA'TION,  Perspira'tio,  Transpira'- 
tio,  Diffla'tio,  Diap'noe,  Diapnoe'a,  Diapneu'sia, 
Perapirab'ile  Sanctoria'num,  from  per,  '  thruugh, 


PERSPIRATORY 


699 


PESSARY 


and  spirare,  spi'ratum,  'to  breathe,  exhale.'  The 
insensible  transpiration  or  exhalation  continually 
going  on  at  the  surface  of  the  skin  and  mem- 
branes. Sensible  perspiration  is  called  sweat. 
The  perspiratory  fluid  is  secreted  by  an  appro- 
priate glandular  apparatus,  termed  by  Breschet, 
diapnog"enous,  (F.)  Appareil  dirijjnogene ;  the 
sudorip>'nrous  glands,  Gland'idce  sudorip'arce,  Or'- 
gana  sudorip'ara,  sweat  glands,  consisting  of  a 
convoluted  tube,  situate  beneath  the  true  skin, 
and  of  spiral  ducts,  which  open  obliquely  under 
the  scales  of  the  epidermis.  A  certain  portion 
of  the  perspired  fluid  is  thrown  off  by  ordinary 
physical  evaporation. 

The  Pulmonary  exhalation  or  transpiration  is 
that  which  takes  place  into  the  bronchia,  and  is 
sent  out  with  the  expired  air. 

PERS'PIRATORY,  Perspirafo'rius,  Trans'pi- 
ratory,  Transpirato'rius,  (F.)  Perspiratoire,  Trans- 
piratoire.  Same  etymon  as  the  last.  Relating 
or  belonging"to,  or  the  product  of,  perspiration. 

PERSUDATIO,  Diapedesis. 

PERSULTATIO,  Diapedesis. 

PERTE,  Metrorrhagia — p.  d'Appetit,  Ano- 
rexia— 2^-  ^®  ^^  Memoire,  Amnesia — p.  de  I'Odo- 
rat,  Anosmia — p.  de  Sang,  Hsemorrhagia — p.  de 
la  Voix,  Aphonia — p.  de  la  Viie,  Caecitas. 

PERTEREBRANT,  Perter'ebrans,  from  per, 
'through,'  and  terehrare,  'to  bore.'  The  French 
give  this  epithet  to  an  acute  pain  —  Douleur  per- 
terebrante — which  occasions  a  sensation  like  that 
which  would  be  produced  by  an  instrument  pe- 
netrating and  lacerating  a  part;  —  the  pain  from 
whitlow,  for  example. 

PERTES  BLANCHES,  Leucorrhcea— p.  de 
Snng,  Metrorrhagia — jo.  Seminales,  Spermator- 
rhoea—  p.  Uterines,  Metrorrhagia — p.  Uterines 
blanches,  Leucorrhcea — p.  Uterines  rouges,  Me- 
trorrhagia. 

PERTICA  PER  BE,  Penis. 

PERTURBATIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of 
the  mind. 

PERTURBA'TRTX,  (Iledici'na)  from  pertur- 
bare,  jjerturbntum  {per  and  turbare)  '  to  disturb 
greatly.'  Per'turbating  treatment,  (F.)  llelhode  ou 
Jledecine  pertnrbatrice ;  a  mode  of  treatment  in 
which  very  active  means  are  employed,  and  such 
as  impress  upon  diseases  a  different  course  from 
that  natural  to  them.  It  is  the  antithesis  to  the 
Medicina  expectans.  Much  evil  has  resulted  from 
such  treatment,  especially  in  febrile  diseases. 

PERTUS'SIS,  from  per,  and  tussis,  'a  cough,' 
'a  violent  cough.'  Tussis jeri'na  seu  conindsi'va 
seu  pu'eros  strang'ulans  seu  quinta  seu  stomacha' - 
lis  seu  an'hela  clamo'sa  seu  stran'gnlans  seu  de- 
las'sans  seu  suf'focans  seu  ainphemer'ina  seu  tus- 
siculo'sa  seu  siiasmod'ica  seu  asini'na  seu  cani'na, 
Bronchi'tis  convulsi'va,  Bronchocephali' lis,  Pneu- 
sis  pertus'sis,  Amphemer' ina,  Orthopnoe'a  tussicu- 
lo'sa  seu  clango'sa  seu  siiffocati'va  seu  clamo'sa 
seu  spasmod'ica,  Morbus  Cacul'lus  seu  cuculla'- 
ris,  Cueu'lus,  Bechorthopnoe' a,  Bex  convidsi'vn  seu 
therio'des, Hooping-cough,  Whooping-cough,  Chin- 
cough,  Kin-eouqh,  Kind-cough,  (Germ.  Kind,  'a 
ahiid,')  (Se.)  Kinh-host,  (Prov.)  Kinkhaust,  (F.) 
Coqueluehe,  Catarrhe  ou  Bronchite  convulsive, 
Tonx  convulsive  ou  quinteuse  ou  bleue,  Maladie 
cuctdaire.  A  violent  convulsive  cough,  returning 
by  fits,  (F.)  Quintes,  at  longer  or  shorter  inter- 
vals ;  and  consisting  of  several  expirations,  fol- 
lowed by  a  sonorous  inspiration  or  lohoop.  The 
fits  of  coughing  generally  recur  more  frequently 
during  the  night,  morning,  and  evening,  than  in 
the  day.  It  is  esteemed  to  be  contagious,  and 
attacks  the  young  more  particularly.  It  is  rare 
for  it  to  affect  an  individual  for  the  second  time. 
The  duration  is  various,  —  six  or  eight  weeks  or 
more.  Although  the  paroxysms  are  very  violent, 
it  is  not  a  dangerous  disease.     It  may,  however. 


give  rise  to  other  affections,  as  convulsions,  pneu- 
monia, &c.,  when  the  complication  is  very  dan. 
gerous,  as  the  cause  cannot  be  removed.  Those 
children  suffer  the  least,  who  evacuate  the  con- 
tents of  the  stomach  during  the  fit.  In  the  treat- 
ment, all  that  can  be  done  is  to  palliate.  It  must 
be  borne  in  mind,  that  the  disease  will,  in  time, 
wear  itself  out.  If  there  be  such  tensive  pain 
of  the  head,  or  fever,  bleeding  may  be  required, 
but  it  is  seldom  necessary.  Narcotics  occasion- 
ally afford  relief,  but  it  is  temporary.  Gentle 
emetics,  given  occasionally,  when  the  paroxysms 
are  long  and  dry,  give  decided  relief,  and  aid  in 
the  expectoration  of  the  morbid  secretions.  After 
the  disease  has  continued  for  some  weeks,  and 
persists  in  part  from  habit,  change  of  air  is  essen- 
tial, and  this,  even  should  the  change  be  to  an 
atmosphere  that  is  less  pure. 

PERU,  see  Lima. 

PERUNCTIO,  Inunction. 

PERVENCHE,  Vinca  minor. 

PERVER'SION,  Perver'sio,  from  per  and  ver- 
tere,  versum,  '  to  turn.'  Dias'trophe,  Diastrevi'- 
ma.  One  of  the  four  modifications  of  function  in 
disease:  the  three  others  being  augmentation, 
diminution,  and  abolition.  The  humourists  used 
this  term  also  to  designate  disorder  or  morbid 
change  in  the  fluids. 

PERVERSION  DE  LA  TJETE  I)ES  OS 
ET  DES  BfUSCLES,  Loxarthrus. 

PERVIGILIUM,  Insomnia,  Coma  vigil. 

PES,  genitive  Pedis,  tod;,  ■Koio^,  Ichnus,  (Sc.) 
Fit,  (F.)  Pied,  'the/oo?.'  The  inferior  extremity 
of  the  abdominal  member,  representing  a  bony 
arch,  an  elastic  vault,  which  transmits  the  weight 
of  the  body  to  the  ground.  It  is  divided  into 
three  parts;  —  the  tarsus,  metatarsus,  and  toes. 

Pes  Alexandrinus,  Anthemis  pyrethrum — p. 
Anserinus,  Chenopodium  bonus  Ilenricus,  Facial 
nerve  —  p.  Cati,  Antennaria  Dioioa  —  p.  Equinus, 
Pes  equinus,  see  Kyllosis — p.  Hippocampi  major, 
Cornu  ammonis  —  p.  Hippocampi  minor.  Hippo- 
campus minor  —  p.  Hippopotami  major,  Cornu 
ammonis  —  p.  Hippopotami  minor,  Cornu  ammo- 
nis—  p.  Leonis,  Alchemilla. 

PESANTEUE,  Weight— p.  SpSciJique,  Gra- 
vity, specific. 

PESE-ACTDE,  Aeidometer — p.  Liqueur,  Are- 
ometer—  p.  Sirop,  Saccharometer. 

PESETTE,  Cicer  arietinura. 

PESSAIRE,  Pessary— 73.  Intra-uterin,  Pessary, 
intra-uterine. 

PES'SARY,  Pessa'rium,  from  vsaaos,  'a  small 
stone ;  a  pessary,'  Pessns,  Pessum,  Pes'sulus, 
Penicil'his,  Tains,  Nod'ulns  uteri'nus,  Supposito'- 
rium  iiteri'num,  Glans,  Lemnis'cus,  (F.)  Pessaire. 
A  solid  instrument,  composed  of  cork,  ivory,  or 
elastic  gum,  which  is  introduced  into  the  vagina 
to  support  the  uterus,  in  cases  of  prolapsus  or 
relaxation  of  that  organ  ;  to  keep  vaginal  hernia 
reduced,  &e.  The  ancients  made  use  of  medi- 
cated pessaries,  which  they  distinguished  into 
emollient,  astringent,  aperient,  &c.,  and  the}'  are 
still  used.  The  form  of  pessaries  is  very  va- 
riable;—  round,  oval,  &c.,  according  to  circum- 
stances. 

Pessary,  Egyptian,  Jilgyptius  pessus. 

Pessary,  Intra-u'terine,  Stem  pessary,  (F.) 
Pessaire  intra-iiterin,  Bedressenr  utSriii,  An  in- 
strument for  rectifying  uterine  displacements  — 
as  anteversion  and  retroversion,  consisting  of  a 
stem  which  is  introduced  into  the  uterus;  this 
stem  is  attached  to  a  flattened  ovoid  bulb  or  ball, 
on  which  the  cervix  uteri  rests. — Connected  with 
this  is  an  external  part  or  wire  frame,  which  is 
attached,  at  one  extremity,  to  a  flat  tubular  por- 
tion, passing  into  the  vagina,  to  be  fixed  to  the 
intra-uterine  portion.    The  wire  frame  is  made  to 


PESSULUS 


700 


TETROUS 


press  upon  the  pubis,  so  that  the  pessary  can  be 
kept  in  position  in  vtero.  This  is  essentially  the 
intra-uterine  pessary  of  Professor  Simpson  of 
Edinburgh. 

Pkssary,  Stem,  Pessary,  intra-uterine. 

PESSULUS,  Pessarj',  Penis. 

PESSUM,  Pessary. 

PESSUS,  Pessary. 

PEST,  Plague. 

PESTE,  Plague—;?.  Antonine,  Plague  of  An- 
toninus— p.  d'Athhies,  Plague  of  Athens — p. 
Noire,  Death,  black. 

PESTICHI^,  Petechite. 

PESTICI^,  Petechia^. 

PES'TILENCE,  PestHen'tia,  Pentil'itas,  from 
pestii-,  'a  pest.'     A  malignant  spreading  disease; 

—  applied  especially  to  plague. 
Pestilence,  Choleric,  Cholera  spasmodica  — 

p.  Glandular,  Plague — p.  Haemagastric,  Eever, 
yellow  —  p.  Septic,  Plague. 

PESTILENT-WORT,  Tussilago  petasites. 

PESTILENTIA,  Plague  — p.  Ha3magastrica, 
Fever,  j'ellow. 

PESTILENT'IAL,  Pestilentia'lis,  Pestilentia'- 
ritis,  Pestileritio'sus,  Peatilen'tas,  (F.)  Pestileiitiel. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  a  pest  or  plague. 
Pestilential  diseases  are  those  that  bear  some  re- 
semblance to  the  plague  in  respect  to  mode  of 
propagation,  symptoms,  danger,  &c. 

PESTILITAS,  Plague. 

PESTIS,  Plague  —  p.  Acutissima,  Plague  —  p. 
Adeno-septica,  Plague  —  p.  Americana,  Fever, 
yellow — p.  Antoniniana,  Plague  of  Antoninus — p. 
Bellica,  Typhus  —  p.  Britannica,  Sudor  Anglicus 
— -p.  Bubonaria  orientalis,  Plague — p.  Contagiosa, 
Plague — p.  Glandulosa,  Plague — p.  Glossanthrax, 
Glossanthrax  —  p.  Inguinaria,  Plague  —  p.  Inter- 
tropica.  Fever,  yellow — p.  Nigra,  Death,  black — 
p.  Occidentalis,  Fever,  yellow  —  p.  Orientalis, 
Plague  —  p.  Septica,  Plague  —  p.  Variolosa,  Va- 
riola. 

PESTLE,  Pilum  — p.  Spring,  see  Pilum. 

PET.  Fart. 

PETALE,  Phtheiriasis. 

PETASITES,  Tussilago  petasites  — p.  Hj'bri- 
da,  Tussilago  petasites  —  p.  Major,  Tussilago  pe- 
tasites—  p.  Officinalis,  Tussilago  petasites  —  p. 
Rubens,  Tussilago  petasites  —  p.  Vulgaris,  Tussi- 
lago petasites. 

PETAU'RUM.  A  seat  suspended  by  ropes,  in 
which  a  person  taking  the  exercise  sat,  and  was 
tossed  about  by  assistants. — Juvenal  and  Martial. 

PETE'CHIIE,  Petic'iilcR,  Pesfich'ioB,  Pestic"ice, 
Punatic'xda,  Piir'pura  mally'na,  Por'phyra  Gra- 
co'rum,  (F.)  Petechies.  Small  spots,  similar  in 
shape  and  colour  to  flea-bites,  which  occur  spon- 
taneously upon  the  skin,  in  the  course  of  severe 
fevers,  &o.  They  are,  under  such  circumstances, 
signs  of  great  prostration. 

Petechije  sine  Febre,  Purpura  simplex. 

PETE'CHIAL,  Petechia'lis ;  same  etymon. 
Resembling  or  accompanied  by  petechise. 

PETECHIAL  SCURVY,  Purpura  simplex. 

PETECHIANOSIS,  Purpura  hajmorrhagica. 

PETER'S  PILLS,  Pilulm  Aloes  et  Cambogise 

—  p.  Worm  lozenges,  see  Worm  lozenges,  Sher- 
man's. 

PETICUL^,  Petechia?. 

PETIGO,  Impetigo. 

PETINA.  Sole. 

PETIOLES,  Pediolus,  diminutive  of  pes,  'a. 
foot.  A  footstalk  or  leafstalk  of  a  plant.  A 
petiole. 

Petiolus  Epiglottidis.  The  root  of  the  Epi- 
glottis. 

Petioltts  Mallei,  Manubrium  mallei. 

PETIT  ARGENT,  Platinum— jo.  Courier, 
Influenza — p.  Lait,  Serum  lactis — p.  Lait  d' Hoff- 
mann,   Serum    lactis    Hoffmanni  — p.    Mai,    see 


Epilepsy — p.  Sus-maxillo-lahial,  Levator  anguli 
oris. 

PETITE-POSTE,  Influenza. 

PETITS-LAITS,  see  Serum  lactis. 

PETROLEUM,  Petroleum. 

PETR^UM,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

PETRAPIUM,  Bubon  Macedonicum. 

PETREOLE,  Petroleum. 

PETREUX,  Petrous— p.  Os,  see  Temporal 
bone. 

PETRO  DEL  PORCO,  Bezoar  of  the  Indian 
porcupine. 

PETRO LE,  Petroleum. 

PETRO'LEUM,  Petrol  a' urn,  Petr(B'leum,PeircB 
oleum,  Bitu'men  Petroleum,  Pissela'um  In'dicum, 
Bock  Oil,  Petroleum  Barhaden'se,  Barhadoes  Tar, 
(F.)  Pitrole  ou  Petreole,  from  irtrpoj,  'rock,'  and 
cXaiov,  'oil.'  A  bituminous  substance  flowing 
spontaneously  from  the  earth,  in  various  parts  of 
the  world;  of  a  fetid  odour,  and  bitter,  acrid 
taste.  It  is  semi-liquid,  tenacious,  semi-trans- 
parent; of  a  reddish-brown  colour;  insoluble  in 
water  and  alcohol;  combines  with  fixed  and 
essential  oils  and  sulphur:  and  is  partially  solu- 
ble in  ether.  The  petroleum  found  at  Gabian, 
near  Beziers,  in  France,  has  been  called  Oleum 
Gabia'num,  (F.)  Huile  de  Gabian,  Petroleum 
rubrum.  It  has  been  given  as  an  excitant  ex- 
pectorant; and,  mixed  with  tincture  of  assafoe- 
tida,  in  tapeworm.  It  is,  also,  used  extern.ally  in 
chilblains,  chronic  rheumatism,  aflFections  of  the 
joints  and  skin,  and  paral3'sis. 

Neio  York  Petroleum,  called  Sen'eca  Oil,  is 
used  externally  in  similar  cases. 

Petroleum  Barbadense,  Petroleum. 

Petroleum  Sulphura'tum,  Bal'samum  Sul- 
phuris  Bnrbaden'ae, — (Composed  of  petrol.  Bar- 
bad,  ^xv^,  flor.  Sulpli.  ^iv)  has  been  used  as  a 
pectoral;  and  as  a  detergent  to  ulcers.  It  has 
been  accounted  antispasmodic  and  sudorific. 
Dose,  gtt.  x.  to  xx.x.  E.xternally,  it  is  used  as  a 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

PETRO-OCCIP'ITAL,  Petro-occipitalis.  Be- 
longing to  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  to  the  occipital  bone. 

Petro-Occipital  Suture  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
with  the  occipital  bone.  It  is  a  deep  groove 
separating  the  bones,  which  have  between  them 
a  thin  layer  of  cartilage. 

PETRO -SALPIN'GO-PHARTNGEUS.  A 
fleshy  fasciculus,  which  extends  from  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  from  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  from  the  Eustachian  tube  to  the 
upper  part  of  the  pharynx.     See  Constrictor. 

PETRO  -  SALPINGO  -  STAPHYLINUS,  Cir- 
cumflexus — p.  Salpingo-staphylinus,  Levator  pa- 
lati  —  p.  Staphi/lin,  Levator  palati. 

PETRO-SPHENOID'AL,  Petro-sphenoida'Us. 
Belonging  to  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

PETRO-SPHENoinAL  SuTURE  ;  —  a  name  given 
to  the  small  suture  which  is  formed  by  the  ante- 
rior edge  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  the  posterior  edge  of  the  sphenoid. 

PETROSAL,  Petrous. 

PETROSELINUM,  Apium  petroselinum  — p. 
Macedonicum,  Bubon  Macedonicum. 

PETROSUM,  OS,  see  Temporal. 

PETROUS,  Petro'sns,  Petro'sal,  (F.)  Petreux, 
Pierreux,  from  rfrpa,  and  ircrpog,  'a  stone.'  Re- 
sembling stone;  having  the  hardness  of  stone. 
Relating  or  belonging  to  the  petrous  portion  of 
the  temporal  bone. 

Petrous  Gan'glion,  Petro'sal  Ganglion,  Gan- 
glion of  Audersch,  is  formed  by  the  glosso-pha- 
ryngeal  nerve,  shortly  after  it  emerges  from  the 


PETUM 


701 


PHAGEDENIC 


jugular  fossa.  From  this  ganglion,  M.  Jacobson 
of  Copenhagen  traced  an  anastomosing  loop 
through  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  which  left 
branches  there,  and  was  thence  reflected  down- 
wards to  join  the  Vidian  nerve.  —  See  Otic  Gan- 
glion. This  has  been  called  the  Nerve  of  Jacob- 
sou,  Tyrnpan'ic  branch  of  the  glosso-jtharyngeal, 
and  the  inosculation,  Jacobson's  Anastomo'sis. 

Petrods  Portion  of  Temporal  Bone,  see 
Temporal  Bone — p.  Process,  see  Temporal  Bone. 
PETRons  Si'nuses,  Petro'sal  Sinusen,  are  two 
venous  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater,  connected  with 
the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  and 
distinguished  on  each  side,  into  :  —  1.  The  supe- 
rior petrosal  sinus.  It  arises  from  the  cavernous 
sinus ;  follows  the  upper  edge  of  the  petrous  por- 
tion which  affords  it  a  gutter;  passes  into  the 
great  circumference  of  the  tentorium  cerebelli, 
and  opens  into  the  lateral  sinus  where  the  latter 
experiences  a  bend  near  the  base  of  the  pars  pe- 
trosa.  Its  form  is  triangular.  2.  The  inferior 
petrosal  sinus  arises  from  the  cavernous  sinus  at 
the  same  point  as  the  last,  with  which  it  commu-  [ 
nicates  at  the  moment  of  its  origin.  It  descends  I 
between  the  inferior  edge  of  the  pars  petrosa  and 
the  basilary  process;  and  terminates  in  the  late- 
ral sinus,  at  the. sinus  or  gulf  of  the  internal  ju- 
gular vein.  It  is  triangular,  and  broader  at  its 
extremities  than  at  the  middle, 
PEIUM,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 
PETUX,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 
PEUCE,  Pinus  sylvestris. 
PEUCEA  BALSAMEA,  see  Pinus  abies. 
PEUCED'ANUM,  from  TrcvKn,  'the  pine  tree,' 
its  leaves  resembling  those  of  the  pine;  P.  offi- 
cina'le  seu  alsnt'iciim  seu  altis'simum  seu  panicu- 
la'tnm  seu  terna'tnm,  Seli'num  peuced'nnum,  3lrir'- 
athrumsylves'tre,  Marnthrophyl' lum,  Pinnstel'him, 
Foenic'ulum  porci'num.  Bonus  Ge'nins,  Hog's  Fen- 
nel, SnJphurwort,  (F.)  Peueednn,  Queue  de  Ponr- 
ceau,  Fenouil  de  Pore.  Ord.  Umbelliferae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  root  has  a  strong, 
fetid  smell  —  somewhat  resembling  that  of  sul- 
phureous solutions  —  and  an  acrid,  unctuous, 
bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  recommended  as 
antihysteric  and  nervine. 

Peucedanum  ALSATicuAf.  Pcucedanum — p.  Al- 
tissimum,Peueedanum — p.  Officinale, Peucedanum 
- — p.  Oreoselinum,  Athamanta  aureoselinum. 

Peucedanum  Palus'tre,  Thysse'lium  seu 
Seli'num  palus'tre,  Selinnm  sylves'tre  seu  thysse- 
li'num  seu  lactes'cens,  Thysseli'nnm,  Olsnit"ium, 
Marsh  seli'num,  a  European  plant,  has  been  re- 
commended as  an  anti-epileptic.  In  Courland,  it 
has  been  a  famous  remedy  in  epilepsy. 

Peucedanum  Paniculatum,  Peucedanum  —  p. 
Pratense,  P.  silaus. 

Peucedanum  Si'laus,  P.praten'se,  Ses'eli  pra- 
ien'se.  Slum  seu  Ligus'ticum  seu  Cnid'inm  sil'aus, 
Saxifraga  vulga'ris  seu  An'gliea.  Hippnmar'- 
a  thrum,  Foenic' ulumer' rati  cum, English  vir  Meadow 
Sax'ifrage,  (F.)  Seseli  des  pres.  The  roots, 
leaves,  and  seeds  have  been  recommended  as 
aperients,  diuretics,  and  carminatves.  Piarely 
used. 

Peucedanum  Ternatum,  Peucedanum. 
PEVPLTER,  Vo^nlus— p.  Baumier,  Fagara 
octandra  = — p.  de  la  Caroline,  Fagara  octandra  — 
p.  Franc,  Populus — p)  Noir,  Peucedanum. 
PEXIS.  Concretion. 

PEY'EP.I  GLAN'DUL^,  Pey'eri  Plexus glan- 
dulo'si,  Glnnd' nl(B  Peyeria'noB  seu  muco'scB  coag- 
mina'tcp.  seu  agmina'tcF  seu  mncip'arm  racema'tim 
conges'tcB  iutestino'vim  seu  intestinri'Jes  plexifor'- 
ma  seu  spn'rirs,  Corpus'cula  glandnla'rnm  si- 
mil'ia,  Gland'tdcB  in  aqmen  congregn'to'.  infestino'- 
riim,  Enterade'nes.  Peyer's  Glands,  Ag'minnfed 
or  aggregate  gla,nds.     Small  glands  or  follicles, 


situate  beneath  the  villous  coat  of  the  intestines, 
called  after  Peyer,  who  well  described  them. 
They  are  clustered  together,  (F.)  Plaques  de 
Peyer,  having  a  honey-comb  appearance  —  Pla- 
ques gaufrees  —  and  are  extremely  numerous. 
They  occur  most  numerously  in  the  lower  portion 
of  the  ileum,  and  resemble,  in  their  morphology 
and  functions,  the  lymphatic  ganglions.  Triey 
are,  evidently,  concerned  in  the  great  function  of 
lyraphosis. 

PEZA,  -£^a,  Doric  and  Arcadian  for  rov;,  'a 
foot.'  The  foot :  according  to  some,  the  sole  of  the 
foot;  and  to  others,  the  astragalus.     The  ankle. 

PEZrZA  seu  PEZE'ZA  AURICULA,  from 
i:ti,a,  '  the  sole  of  the  foot,'  Tremell'a  auric'ula 
JudcB,  Auricula  JudcB,  Auricula'ria  sambn'ci  sen. 
sambu'cina,  Exid'ia  auric'ula  Jndce,  3feru'lius 
auric'ula.  Fungus  sambu'cinus,  Agar'icus  Auric'- 
uJcB  forma,  Jew's  Ear.  Ord.  Fungi.  This  fun- 
gus is  said  to  be  astringent;  but  has  chiefly  been 
used  as  a  gargle  in  relaxed  sore  throat. 

PFEFFERS  or  PPAFFERS,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF,  ThermcB  Piperi'ncB,  Th.  fnba'- 
ricB.  These  springs,  which  are  in  the  Swiss  Alps, 
are  simply  thermal :  temperature  100°  of  Fah- 
renheit. 

PHAGE,  Pha'cen,  Phacus,  (paK-n,  'a  grain  of 
the  lentil,'  Ervum  lens.  Also,  chloasma;  the 
crystalline  lens;  and  a  flask  for  the  Application 
of  heat,  so  called  owing  to  its  flattened  lens-like 


PHACELLUS,  Fasciculus. 

PIIACELUS,  Fasciculus. 

PHACHYMENITIS,  Phacohymenitis. 

PHACL  Ephelides. 

PHA'CICUS,  Phaco'tus,  Phaco'des  ;  from  (paxij, 
'lens.'     Lens-shaped,  lenticular. 

PHACI'TIS,  Phaco'idei'tis,  Lenti'tis,  CrystaU 
li'tis,  Cristalloidi'tis,  Gleni'tis,  from  cjtaKOi,  '  a 
lens,'  and  itis,  a  termination  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  crystalline  lens  [?]. 
Inflammation  of  the  capsule  of  the  lens  is  termed 
Capsi'tis,  Capsuli'tis,  and  Crystal'lino-capsuli'tis, 

PHACO'DES,  Phacicus. 

PHACOHYMENI'TIS,  PhaJcomeni'fis,  Phac- 
hijmeni'tis,  Infamma'tio  cap'sulcB  lentis ;  from 
(paKog,  'a  lens,'  'viitjv,  'a  membrane,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  cap- 
sule of  the  crystalline. 

PHACOIDEITIS,  Phacitis. 

PHACOMALACIA,  Cataract,  soft. 

PHAC'OPIS,  Phaco'tus;  from  ij>aicjj,  'lens.' 
and  KOTTig,  'a  knife;'  Sealpel'lum  lenticula'rc.  A 
lenticulnr-shaped  knife. 

PHACOPS'IS,  from  (paxr;,  'lens,'  and  oi/(s,  'vi- 
sion.' The  state  of  one  who  has  chloasma  or 
freckles  on  the  face. 

PHACOPTIS'ANA,  Pha'cinm ;  from  (f>aKr,, 
'lens,' and  Trrtaavn,  'drink.'  A  drink  of  lentils. 
A  poultice  of  lentils. 

PHACOS,  Ervum  lens. 

PHACOSCOTOMA,  Cataract. 

PHACOTUS,  Phacicus,  Phacopis. 

PHACUS,  Phace. 

PH^NIGMUS.  Pheniemus. 

PH^NOMENOLOGIA,  Semeiology. 

PH^XOMEXOX.  Phenomenon. 

PHAG^A'A.  Boulimia. 

PHAGEDENA,  Boulimia,  Phagedenic  ulcer— 
p.  Sloughing,  of  the  mouth.  Cancer  aquatieus — p. 
Gansra?nosn.  Hospital  gan^rrene. 

PHAGEDEX'IC,  Phagedm'nicus,  Depns'cens, 
(¥.)  Phngedeniqne,  liongpani,  from  rfniyo),  'I  eat.' 

Phagedenic  Ulcer,  Kmne,  PhagedcB'no,  Ulcus 
depas'eens  seu  obam'bnlans  seu  feri'num,  (F.) 
Ulcere  phagedenir^ue  ou  rongeante,  is  one  which 
rapidly  eats  and  corrodes  the  neighbouring  parts. 

Phageden'ic,  in  Materia  Medica,  is  a  substance 


PHAKOHYMENITIS 


702 


PHARMACODYNAMICS 


used  for  destroying  fungous  granulations  in  ul- 
cers, &c. 

PHAKOHYMENITIS,  Phacohymenitis. 

PHALACRA,  Calvities. 

PHALACROMA,  Calvities. 

PHALACROSIS,  Calvities. 

PHALACROTIS,  Alopecia. 

PHALiBNA  PINGUINALIS,  see  Eetozoa. 

PHALAIA.  A  barbarous  term,  employed  by 
Basil  Valentine  to  designate  a  universal  medicine 
or  panacea. 

PHALAN'GAL,  Phalan'gian,  Phalangia'mis, 
from  ipaXayl,  fpaXayyoi,  '  a  phalanx.'  Having  re- 
lation to  a  phalanx. 

PHALANGARTHRI'TIS,  from.faXayl.^aXay- 
yo;,  'a  phalanx,'  apdpov,  'a  joint,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Gout  in  the  fingers.  In- 
flammation of  the  joints  of  the  fingers. 

PHALANGE,  Phalanx. 

PHALANGES  DBS  DOIGTS,s&e  Phalanx— 
p.  of  the  Fingers,  see  Phalanx  —  p.  des  Orteils, 
see  Phalanx — p.  of  the  Toes,  see  Phalanx. 

PHALANGETTES,  see  Phalanx. 

PHALANGETTIEN.  Professor  Chaussier 
uses  this  term  for  any  thing  relating  to  the  third 
phalanx  of  the  fingers  or  toes,  —  Phalangien,  for 
what  relates  to  the  first, — and  Phalanginien,  to 
the  second. 

PHALANGIAN,  Phalangal. 

PHALANGIEN',  see  Phalangettien. 

PHALANGINES,  see  Phalanx. 

PHALANGINJEN,  see  Phalanqettien. 

PHALANGIUM  ESCULENTUM,  Scilla  es- 
culenta. 

PHALANGO'SIS,  Hiapid'itas,  from  ^aXay^, 
<pa\ayyog,  '  a  phalanx,'  '  a  row  of  soldiers.'  An 
affection  of  the  eyelids  in  which  the  lashes  are 
arranged  in  two  or  three  rows.  See  Trichiasis. 
Also,  dropping  of  the  upper  eyelid,  from  paralysis 
of  the  levator  palpebrse  superioris  muscle. 

PHALANX,  Phalan'ge,  Phalango'ma.  Same 
etymon.  A  name  given  to  the  small  bones  which 
form  the  fingers  and  toes,  because  placed  along- 
side each  other  like  a  phalanx.  They  are  distin- 
guished into  the  Phalanges  of  the  fingers,  Ossa 
seu  Ag'mina  sen  A'cies  sen  Artic'uU  seu  SciUic'- 
ula  seu  Scu'tidm  seu  Nodi  seu  Interno'dia  seu 
Scytal'ides  seu  Con'dyli  Digifo'rtm  Man&s  ;  and 
the  Phalanges  of  the  Toes,  Ossa  seu  Artic'uU  seu 
Interno'dia  Digito'rum  Pedis.  I.  Phalanges  of 
the  fingers,  (F.)  Phalanges  des  dtji'jts.  They  are, 
in  each  hand,  fourteen, — three  to  each  finger,  and 
two  to  the  thumb  ;  and  are  situate  one  above  the 
other.  They  are  distinguished, numerically,  reck- 
oning from  the  base  towards  the  tip  of  the  finger.' 

1.  "Z\\e.  first  or  metacarpal,  Procon'di/li,  (F.)  Pre- 
mieres 2}halanges    ou    Phalanges   metacarpiennes, 

2.  The  second  or  middle  -phalanges,  (F.)  Secondes 
2}halanges  ou  Phalanges  moyennes,  Phalangines, 
(Ch.)  3.  The  third  phalanges,  Metacon' dyli,  Pha- 
lan'ges  xui'guium.  (F.)  Troisiemes  phalanges  ou 
Phalanges  ungneales  ou  nnguiferes  ou  unguinalcs, 
Phalangettes  (Ch.),  which  terminate  each  finger, 
and  support  the  nail.  II.  Phalanges  of  the  toes, 
(F.)  Phalanges  des  Orteils.  They  are  the  same 
in  number  as  those  of  the  fingers,  but  much 
smaller,  and  of  a  very  different  shape. 

The  phalanges  of  a  finger  or  toe  are  united 
with  each  other  ;  and  the  first  with  the  metacar- 
pal or  metatarsal  bone.  They  are  developed 
from  two  points  of  ossification  j  one  for  the  supe- 
rior extremity,  and  the  other  for  the  body  and 
inferior  extremity. 

PHAL'ARIS  CANARIEN'SIS.  P.  ova'ta, 
(0aXa/)o? — from  0aa),  '  I  shine,' — 'bright,  shining,' 
in  application  to  the  seed,)  Cul'tivated  Canary 
Grass,  (F.)  Alpiste.  Ord.  Gramineae.  Sex.  Sysl 
Triandria  Digynia.  The  seed  of  this  grass. 
Canary  seed,  (F.)   Graines  d'aspic,  afford  a  nou- 


rishing meal.  The  ancients  recommended  them 
for  allaying  pains  in  the  kidney  and  bladder. 
PiiALARls  ZiZANOiDES,  Andropogon  murieatus. 
PHALLAL'GIA,  Phallodyn'ia,  from  <pa\Xos, 
'the  male  organ/  and  aXyoj,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the 
male  organ. 

PHALLANCYLOSIS,  Chordee. 
PHALLI'TIS,    Priapi'tis,    from    <pu\\og,    'the 
male  organ,'  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  male  organ. 
PHALLOCAMPSIS,  Chordee. 
PHALLOCARCINO'MA,    from    cfiaXXos,    'the 
male  organ,'  and  KapKivwjia,  'cancer.'     Carcinoma 
or  cancer  of  the  penis. 

PHALLODYNIA,  Phallalgia. 
PHALLON'CUS,  from    (paXXos,  'the  male  or- 
gan,' and  oyKos,  '  swelling.'     Tumefaction  of  the 
male  organ. 

PHALLOPSOPH'IA,  from  (panog,  'the  male 
organ,'  and  ifo^os,  'a  noise.'  Discharge  of  wind 
from  the  male  urethra. 

PHALLORRHAG"IA,  from  <pa\\os,  'the  male 
organ,'  and  prjywiJii,  '  I  break  out.'  Hemorrhage 
from  the  male  urethra.     Stimatosis. 

PHALLORRHCEA,  Gonorrhoea. 

PHALLORRHOIS'CHESIS,  from  ,i,aXXo?, '  the 
male  organ,'  porj,  '  discharge,'  and  i(r;(£ir,  'to  with- 
hold.'    Sudden  arrest  of  a  gonorrhoeal  discharge. 

PHALLUS,  Penis  —  p.  Esculentus,  Morchella 
esculenta. 

PHANEROG'AMOUS,  Phanerogam' ic,  Phane- 
rogam' icus,  (F.)  Phanerogame,  from  (pavepo;,  ((paio, 
'I  shine,')  'evident,'  and  yapioi,  'marriage.'  An 
epithet  used  by  botanists  for  plants  whose  sexual 
organs  are  apparent.  Itis,  consequently,  the  op- 
posite to  cryptogamoiis. 

PHANTASIA,  Delirium,  Imagination. 

PHANTASM,  Phantas'ma,  Phanto'ma,  Phas- 
ma,  from  ^avra^u,  (i^aivo),  'I  bring  to  light,')  '  I 
make  appear.'  A  phantom,  false  appearance,  ap- 
parition. Hallucination.  Derangement  of  the 
sense  of  sight  or  of  the  intellectual  faculties, 
causing  objects  to  be  perceived,  which  aru  not 
before  the  eyes. 

PHANTASMA.  Pseudoblepsia. 

PHANTASMATICUS,  Phantasticus. 

PHANTASMATOSCOPIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

PHANTASMOSCOPIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

PHANTAS'TICUS,  Inebriant.  Creating  '-.an- 
tasms  — phantasmat'  icus. 

PHANTOM,  Fan  torn — p.  Tumour,  see  Fantom. 

PHANTOMA,  Phantasm  — p.  Obstetricium, 
Fantom. 

PHARMACEIA,  Poisoning 

PHARMACEUM,  Apotheca. 

PHARMACEUS,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACEUTA,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACEU'TIC,  Pharmaeeu'ticus,  Phar- 
maceu'tical,  Pharmaeentiea'lis,  (F.)  Pharmaceu- 
tique,  from  (pap/xaKov,  'a  medicine.'  An  epithet  for 
every  thing  belonging  to  pharmacy.  Thus,  we 
say.  Pharmaceutical  preparations,  &c. 

PHARMACEUTICE,  Pharmacv. 

PHARMACEUTIST,  Apothecary. 

PHAR3JACIEN,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACOCATAGRAPHOLOG"IA,  Cata- 
grapholog"ia,  Ars  for'mulas  concinnan'di,  from 
(papjiaKov,  'a  medicine,'  (cara,  'beneath,'  ypacpt],  'a 
writing,'  and  Xoyog,  '  a  description.'  The  art  of 
writing  prescriptions. — J.  J.  Plenck. 

PHARMACOCHYMIA,  Chymistry,  pharma- 
ceutical. 

PHARMACODYNAM'ICS,  from  ^apuaKov,  '  a. 
medicine,'  and  bvva^ig,  'power.'  Phormacody- 
nam'ice,  Hynam'ical  Jfateria  ilediea,  Pharmaco- 
dynam'ica  doctri'na,  Pharmacodynamiolog"ia,  A 
division  of  pharmacology,  which  considers  the 
effects  and  uses  of  medicines. 


PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA       703 


PHARYNGOGLOSSAL 


PHARMACODTJS^AMIOLOGIA,  Pharmaco- 
dynamics. 

PHARMACOGNOS'IA,  Aceoguos'ia,  Acngnos'- 
ia,  from  ^ap/xaKov, '  a  medicine,'  and  yvcoai j,  '  know- 
ledge.' A  division  of  pharmacology,  which  treats 
of  simples,  or  unprepared  medicines. 

PHARMACOLOGIA,  Materia  medica. 

PHAPlMACOMA'NIA,  from  (j>apyiaKov,  'a  me- 
dicine,' and  fiavia,  '  mania.'  One  who  has  a  ma- 
nia for  prescribing  or  for  taking  medicine. 

PIIARMACON,  Poison. 

PHARMACOPGE'IA,  Pharmacopoe'a,  Codex 
medicamenta'rius,  (F.)  Pharmacopee,  from  fjiap- 
jiaKov,  '  a  medicine,'  and  noitu),  '  I  make.'  A  work, 
containing  a  collection  of  formulas  for  the  pre- 
paration, &o.,  of  medicines  :  generally  published 
ijy  authority.  Formerly,  a  chemical  laboratory, 
Lahorato'rium  chijm'icum  seu  pharmaceut' ictim. 

PHARMACOPCEUS,  Apothecary,  Druggist. 

PHARMACOPOLA,  Apothecary,  Druggist. 

PHARMACOPOLE,  Apothecary,  Druggist. 

PHARMACOPOLI'UM,  Apothe'ca,  Offici'na, 
Taber'na  Ifed'iea.  The  shop  of  the  druggist  or 
apothecary,  (F.)  Apothi'eairerie,  from  (pappiaKOv, 
'a  medicine,'  and  ttuXem,  'I  sell.' 

PHARMACOPOS'IA,  from  (papjxaKov,  'a  medi- 
cine,' and  TToo-ij,  '  a  potion,'  A  liquid  medicine, 
especially  one  that  is  cathartic. 

PHARMACO'SA  MEDICAMEN'TA,  from 
(jtapjiaKov,  'a  poison.'  Medicines  that  contain 
poisonous  substances.  —  Fallopius. 

PHARMACOTHE'CA,  (papnaKo^vKv,  from  0ap- 
fiaKov,  '  a  medicine,'  and  Ti^niHt  '  I  place.'  A  case 
for  medicines.     A  medicine  chest. 

PHARMACOTHERAPI'A,  from  0ap^a^oi/,  and 
dcpaT:cia,  '  treatment.'  Cure  of  diseases  by  re- 
medies. 

PHARMACTER,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACUM,  Medicament,  Poison — p. 
^gyptiacum,  :^gyptiacum — p.  Amatorium,  Phil- 
ter. 

Phar'macum  ad  Aures,  jEgyp' tium  Mediea- 
men'i  tni  ad  Aures.  A  name  given  to  a  medicine, 
composed  of  bitter  almonds,  white  pepper,  saf- 
fron, myrrh,  opium,  frankincense,  castor,  verjuice, 
sulphate  of  iron,  vinegar,  pomegranate-bark,  un- 
guentum  nardinum,  &c.  It  was  believed  to  be 
■  useful  for  cleansing  fetid  ulcers  in  the  ears. 

PHARMACURGICUS,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACURGUS,  Apothecary. 

PHAR'MACY,  Pharmaci'a,  Pharmaceu'fice, 
Pharmax'ia,  from  (papiiaKov,  'a  medicine.'  The 
art  which  teaches  the  knowledge,  choice,  preser- 
vation, preparation,  and  combination  of  medi- 
cines. It  was  formerly  divided  into  Galen'iml 
and  Ckym'ical.  The  former,  called  after  Galen, 
embraced  the  operations  undertaken  on  medi- 
cines without  chymistry;  —  the  latter,  Chymical 
Phnrmacy  or  Pharniaceu' tic  Ohyrnistry,  Pharmn- 
cochym'ia,  comprised  the  preparation  of  medi- 
cines, founded  on  the  chymical  action  of  their 
principles. 

PHARMAXIS,  Pharmacy. 
PHARNA'CEUM  LINEA'RE,  called  after 
Pharnaees,  King  of  Pontus.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Paronychiacese,  employed  at  the 
Cape  in  pulmonary  affections.  It  is  generally 
given  in  infusion. 

PHARUS,  Pharynx. 
PHARYGATHRON,  Pharynx. 
PHARYGETHRUM,  Pharynx. 
PHARYNG^'UM     (SAL.),     from    pTiarynx, 
pharyngis.      A  compound    of   cream    of  tartar, 
nitrate  of  potassa,  burnt  alum,  and  distilled  vine- 
gar.     It    was    formerly   employed,    united   with 
honey  and  plantain-water,  to  make  gargles,  which 
were  advised  in  quinsy. 

PHAR  YNGE,  Pharyngeal. 

PHARYNGE'AL,  Pharyng(B'n8,{Y.)  Pharyngi, 


Pharyngien.  Same  etymon.  That  which  relates 
to  the  pharyn.x.  A  name  given  to  the  muscles, 
vessels,  and  nerves  of  the  pharynx. 

Pharyngeal,  Arteries.  These  are  two  in 
number.  The  one — stqjerior  or  ptcrygo-pa/atine, 
Rattius  Pharyngm'us  supe'rror  of  Haller  —  arises 
from  the  internal  maxillary  at  the  base  of  the 
zygomatic  fossa,  passes  through  the  pterygo- 
palatine canal,  and  proceeds  to  be  distributed  to 
the  pharynx  and  the  corresponding  part  of  the 

Eustachian  tube.      The    other  —  the  infoioi 

PharyngcB'a  ascen'dens  of  Haller  —  arises  from 
the  external  carotid,  on  a  level  with  the  facial. 
It  ascends  along  the  lateral  and  posterior  part 
of  the  pharynx,  and  divides  into  two  branches; 
the  one — the  pharyngeal,  properly  so  called  —  is 
distributed  to  the  pharynx;  the  other — the  me- 
ningeal—  gives  its  branches  particularly  to  the 
dura  mater. 

Pharyngeal  Nerve.  A  branch  sent  by  the 
pneumogastric  to  the  pharynx.  It  descends  be- 
hind the  internal  carotid;  communicates  with 
the  glosso-pharyngeal ;  and  divides,  opposite  the 
middle  constrictor  of  the  pharynx,  into  a  great 
number  of  filaments,  which  anastomose,  in  a  mul- 
titude of  different  directions,  with  filaments  of  the 
glosso-pharyngeal  nerve,  of  the  superior  laryn- 
geal branch,  and  of  the  first  cervical  ganglion. 
These  different  nervous  filaments  united  consti- 
tute the  pharyngeal  plexus,  the  irregular  meshes 
of  which  send  numerous  ramifications  to  the 
pharynx. 

Pharyngeal  Voice,  see  Voice. 

PHARYNGEMPHRAX'IS,  from  <pa(ivy^,  <pa- 
pvyyog,  '  the  pharynx,'  und  tp<ppa^is,  'obstruction.' 
Obstruction  of  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGETHRON,  Pharynx. 

PHARYNGEURYSMA,  Pharyngocele. 

PHARYNGICUS,  Pharyngeal. 

PHAR  YNGIEN,  Pharyngeal. 

PHARYNGITE,  Cynanche  pharyngea  — j9. 
Tonsillaire,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

PHARYNGITIS,  Cynanche  pharyngea. 

Pharyngitis  Apostemato'sa.  Abscess  of  the 
pharynx. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Diphtherit'ic,  Angi'na  pseiido- 
membrana'cea  seu  wemhrana'eea  seu  pellicula'ris 
seu  plas'tica  seu  diphtherit'ica  seu  malig'na  seu 
pseudo-7nembrano'Ka  seu  2)estilentia'lis,  Pharyn- 
goc'aee,  Pseudo- membranous  Inflammation  of  the 
Throat,  (F.)  Angine  couenneuse  ou  guttnrale  cou- 
ennense  ou  pseud o-membraneuse  ou  ^j?a.s<?'g'?/e  ou 
diphtheritique.  From  pharynx,  and  itis,  denot- 
ing inflammation.  Diphtheritic  inflammation  of 
the  pharynx.     See  Cynanche  maligna. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Follic'ular,  ii^o/^)'ct(?ar  Inflam- 
mation of  the  Pharynx,  Angi'na  folliculo' sa  of  the 
Pharynx,  Acne  of  the  Throat.  Inflammation  and 
enlargement  of  the  follicles  of  the  pharynx,  oc- 
casionally extending  to  the  larynx.  Sometimes 
termed  Clergyman's  Sorethroat,  Tubercles  of  the 
Larynx  and  Fauces,  and  Tuber'eular  Sorethroat. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Gangrenous,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

PHARYNGOCACE,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic. 

PHARYNGOCE'LE,  Pharyngewys'ma,  Di- 
vertic'idum  seu  Hernia  seu  Prolap'sus  OEsoph'agi 
seu  pharyn'gis,  (Esoph'agua  succenturia'tus,  from 
(papvy^,  (papvyyo;,  'the  pharynx,'  and  Kn^Vt  '^ 
tumour.'  An  enlargement  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  gullet,  in  which  the  food  sometimes  rests  in 
considerable  quantity. 

PHARYNGODYN'IA,  from  <papvy^,  fapyyyog, 
'the  pharynx,'  and  oSvvri,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the 
pharynx. 

P H A R Y NGOGLOSS'AL,  Glossopharynge'al, 
Pharyngoglossia' nus.  That  which  belongs  to  the 
pharynx  and  tongue. 

PHARYNGOGLOSSAL    Nerve,    Glossoptharyngeal 


PHARYNGOGRArHY 


704 


PHENIGMUS 


Nerve,  Liiygna'lis  latera'Un,  (F.)  Nerf  Glossojyha- 
ryncjien,  Pharyngoglossien  —  a  portion  of  the 
eighth  pair — arises  from  the  superior  and  lateral 
parts  of  the  spinal  marrow,  between  the  facial 
and  pneumogastric  nerves,  by  several  filaments, 
which  soon  unite  into  a  single  cord,  that  passes 
out  of  the  cranium  by  the  foramen  lacerum  ante- 
rius ;  goes  downwards  and  forwards,  and  gains 
the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  tongue. 
Immediately  after  its  exit  from  the  cranium,  it 
gives  a  branch  to  the  meatus  auditorius  esternus, 
and  receives  a  filament  from  the  facial,  and 
another  from  the  pneumogastric  nerve.  It  then 
furnishes  two  other  filaments,  which  descend 
upon  the  carotid  artery,  and  unite  at  the  bottom 
of  the  neck  with  branches  from  the  cervical  gan- 
glions and  cardiac  nerves,  and  give  two  filaments 
to  the  stylo-pharyngeus  muscle.  The  glossopha- 
ryngeus,  after  sending  a  twig  or  two  to  the  tonsil, 
to  the  upper  part  of  the  pharynx  and  membrane 
of  the  epiglottis,  divides  into  many  branches 
which  run  partly  to  the  margin,  and  partly  to  the 
middle  of  the  root  of  the  tongue  ;  supplying, 
especially,  the  papilliB  majores,  and  the  parts  in 
their  neighbourhood. 

By  some,  this  nerve  is  regarded  as  the  controller 
of  the  associated  motions  of  the  tongue  and  pha- 
ryn.ij.  By  others,  it  is  esteemed  to  be  the  special 
nerve  of  gustation. 

PHARYNGOG '  RAPHY,  Pharyngogra'pMa, 
from  ^apvy^,  (fiapvyyo;,  'the  pharynx,'  and  ypa<pr!, 
'a  description.'  An  anatomical  description  of 
the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGOL'OGY,  Pharyngolog"ia,  from 
(papuy^,  (papvyyos,  'the  pharynx,'  and  }ioyog,  'a 
discourse.'  The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats 
of  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGOLYSIS,  Pharyngoplegia. 

PIIARYNGOPARALYSIS,  Pharyngoplegia. 

PHARYNGOPLE'GIA,  from  (p'lpvy^,  ^apvyyo;, 
'the  pharynx,'  and  Tr'K-naata,  'I  strike.'  Dyspha'- 
gio  parnlyt'ica  seu  for'pidn  seu  afon'ica,  Aiigi'na 
pnralyt'ica,  Astheni'n  DegliUitin'nis,  PharyngoV - 
ynin,  Ph nryiignparf.d' y.rts,  Paral'ysis  CEsogph'agi, 
Gtdcp  Imhecil'litns.  Paralysis  of  the  pharynx  or 
oesophagus:  commonly  a  symptom  of  general 
paralysis,  or  of  approaching  dissolution. 

PHARYNGORRHAG"IA;  from  <papvy^,  <pa- 
pvyyos.  'the  pharynx,'  and  pay?!,  'rupture.'  Hae- 
morrhage from  the  vessels  of  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGOSPAS'MUS,from^af)t)yi.(/.„puyyof, 
'the  pharynx,'  and  cnraajAos,  'spasm.'  Spasm  or 
cramp  of  the  pharynx. 

PH  A  R  Y  N  G  0  STAPHYLINUS,  Palato-pha- 
ryngeus. 

PHARYNGOTOJIE,  PJiaryvgot'omus,  from 
(jiapvy^,  (papvyyu;,  'the  pharynx,'  and  renvw,  'I 
cut.'  An  instrument,  invented  by  J.  L.  Petit, 
used  to  scarify  inflamed  tonsils,  and  to  open  ab- 
scesses, which  form  in  the  parietes  of  the  pha- 
rynx. It  is  composed  of  a  long,  narrow  blade 
with  a  lancet  point,  enclosed  in  a  sheath  or 
canula  of  silver  slightly  curved.  This  instrument 
is  carried  to  the  part  to  be  cut,  and  the  point  of 
the  blade  is  made  to  pass  out  of  the  sheath,  by 
pressing  on  a  button  at  the  end  of  the  pharyngo- 
tome.  A  spring  causes  the  blade  to  re-enter  as 
soon  as  the  pressure  is  removed. 

PHARYNGOT'OMY,  Pharyngotom'ia ;  same 
etymon.  Some  authors  have  used  this  word 
synonymously  with  oesopha.gotomy.  It  means, 
also,  scarification  of  the  tonsils,  or  an  incision 
made  for  opening  abscesses  there,  &c. 

PHARYNX,  (ftapiy^,  Pharynx,  (papv^,  Phariie, 
Giilri,  LcRmos,  Fauces,  Phnryg'ethrnm,  Pharyn'- 
gethron.  PJwryn'gethrns,,  Ph'arygnthron,  hthmns, 
hih'minn,  hghi'vies,  Princip'ium  Gnlcp,  Os  poa'- 
terum,  Garges,  (P.)  Arriere-bonche,  Gnsier,  Gorge. 
A  species  of  musculo-membranous,  symmetrical 


canal,  on  the  median  line,  irregularly  funnel- 
shaped,  and  situate  between  the  base  of  the  cra- 
nium and  the  oesophagus,  in  front  of  the  verte- 
bral column.  It  is  very  narrow  above ;  but 
dilates  in  the  middle,  and  again  contracts  below, 
at  its  junction  with  the  oesophagus.  Into  the  an- 
terior paries  of  the  pharynx  open,  successively, 
from  above  to  below,— the  posterior  orifices  of  the 
nasal  fossae  ;  the  Eustachian  tubes ;  the  posterior 
aperture  of  the  mouth,  and  the  top  of  the  larynx. 
The  pharynx  is  formed,  externally,  of  a  muscu- 
lar coat,  and,  internally,  of  a  mucous  membrane, 
which  is  continnous,  above,  with  the  Schneider- 
ian  membrane;  and  in  the  middle,  with  that  of 
the  mouth;  below,  with  that  of  the  oesophagus; 
and,  at  the  sides,  with  that  of  the  Eustachian 
tubes.  This  membrane  has  no  villi,  and  presents 
only  a  few  inequalities,  which  are  owing  to  the 
presence  of  muciparous  follicles.  The  muscular 
coat  of  the  pharynx  is  composed  of  the  constric- 
tor muscles,  stylopharyngei,  and  pharyngosta- 
phylini.  The  vessels  and  nerves  are  called  pha- 
ryngeal. The  pharyn.x  serves  as  a  common 
origin  for  the  digestive  and  respiratory  passages. 
It  gives  passage  to  the  air,  during  respiration; 
and  to  the  food  at  the  time  of  deglutition. 

Pharynx,  Follicular  Inflammation  of  the. 
Pharyngitis,  follicular. 

PHARYX,  Pharynx. 

PHASELUS,  Phaseolus 

PHASE'OLUS,  (pacri'So;,  (paario\os,  <pa(Tio\os,  P. 
Viilga'ris,  Phasi'olus,  Phase'lus,  Fase'lus,  Fase'- 
olun,  Bonn,  Boona,  Faha  ;  Kidney  Bean;  French 
Bean;  (¥.)  Faseole,  Haricot.  Orrf. Leguminosse. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  When  young 
and  well  boiled,  this  is  easy  of  digestion,  and 
delicately  flavoured.  It  is  less  flatulent  than 
the  pea. 

Phaseolus  Creticus,  Cajan,  Cayan.  A  de- 
coction of  the  leaves,  according  to  Ray,  restrains 
the  hemorrhoidal  flux  when  excessive. 

Phaseolus  Vulgaris,  Phaseolus. 

PHASIA'NUS  GALLUS,  so  called  from  the 
river,  'I'ao-is,  in  Colchis,  near  the  Black  Sea:  (F.) 
Coq.  The  parts  of  generation  of  the  cock,  dried 
and  pulverized,  were  formerly  regarded  as  proper 
for  increasing  the  quantity  of  semen.  The  fat 
was  used  as  emollient  and  resolvent;  the  brain, 
in  diarrhoea;  the  gall,  in  freckles  and  diseases  of 
the  eyes.    These  phantasies  are  now  abandoned. 

PHASIOLUS,  Phaseolus. 

PIIASMA,  Phantasm. 

PHATNE.  Alveolus. 

PHATNION.  Alveolus. 

PHATNORRnAG"IA,  Stomatorrhag"ia  al- 
veolo'rnm,  from  <paTviov,  '  an  alveolus,'  and  priyvvftt, 
'I  break  forth.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  alveoli. 

PHAUSIN'GES,  (pavaiyyis,  plural  of  (pavciy^, 
from  (pav^o),  'I  roast.'  Spots  or  blisters  on  the 
legs,  produced  by  heat;  and,  in  a  more  extensive 
signification,  bj'  any  other  cause.  Also,  a  pus- 
tule. —  Foesius. 

PHELLANDRE,  Phellandrium  aquaticum. 

PHELLAN'DRIUM  AQUAT'ICUM,  Phellan- 
drium, CEnan'Oie  phellan'drinni  seu  aqitat'ira,  Li- 
gus'ticnm  pjiellan'drinm,  Fcenic'idiim  aquat'icum, 
Cicvta'ria.  aquatica,  Water  Fennel,  Fine-leaved 
Water  Hemlock,  (F.)  Phellandre,  Fenouil  d'eau, 
eigne  d'eau,  Jilillefeville  aquatique.  Ord.  Um- 
belliferas.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  This 
plant  is  stimulant  and  narcotic.  It  has  been 
used  in  intermittents  and  dyspepsia.  It  has,  also, 
been  given  in  phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  in  eases 
of  scrofulous  atonic  ulcers. 

PHENE,  Benzole. 

TUFi'SlG'MV S.Phoanig'muSjPhcBnig'mns,  from 
0o(vi|,  'red.'  Bed  Jaundice.  A  cutaneous  aff"ee- 
tion,  consisting  of  redness  diffused  over  the  skin, 
without  fever.     Sauvages  makes  it  a  genus  of  bis 


PHENOM^NE 


705 


PHLEGM 


order  TctenticB.  Also,  the  act  of  irritating  a  part 
by  a  stimulating  application. 
PHENOMiiNE,  Phenomenon. 
PHENOM'ENON,  Phanom' enon,  (F.)  PMno- 
meiie,  from  (paivonat,  'I  appear.'  An  extraordi- 
nary and  unexpected  event.  In  Medicine,  it 
means  any  change,  appreciable  by  our  senses, 
which  supervenes  in  an  organ  or  function: — as 
the  phenomena,  of  the  circulation,  respiration,  &c. 
It  is  used  in  pathology,  synonymously  with 
symptom. 

PHENYLE,  HYDRURET  OF,  Benzole. 
PHEUGOPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 
PHEUGYDRON,  Hydrophobia. 
PHI'ALA,  A  Phial  or  Vial,  (F.)  Fiole,  ^ia\ri, 
((luXrjt  'a  vessel  with  a  broad  bottom.'     A  small 
bottle,  in  which  apothecaries  are  in  the  habit  of 
sending  out  their  mixtures,  draughts,  &c.:  hence 
called    Med'icine  Vials,   (F.)  Fioles  d  Iledecine. 
They  are  usually  sold  in  grosses,  and   assorted 
into  vials  of  oz.  8;  oz.  4j  oz.  3;  oz.  2;  oz.  IJ;  oz. 
1  ;  and  oz.  ^. 
'PHILADYNAMICA;  Debilitanfs. 
PHILANTHROPUS,  Galium  aparine. 
PHILETRON,  Philter. 
PHILETRUM,  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 
PHILIA'TER,    Philia'tros,     (/.tXtarpof,     from 
(^iXcu),  '  I  love,'  and  larpiK?),  '  medicine.'    An  ama- 
teur of  medicine.      One  who  studies   medicine; 
Studio'siis  medici'ncB. 

PHILOBIO'SIS,  (F.)  Philobiosie:  from  0<X£u, 
'  I  love,'  and  (Sios,  'life.'     The  love  of  life. 
^  PHILGE'NIA,  from  ^iXfu,  '  I  love,'  and  oivos, 

'wine.'     Love  of  wine.     Addiction  to  wine. 
PHILOGYNIA,  Muliebrositas. 
PHILONIUM  LONDINENSE,  Confectio  opii. 
PHILOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 
PHILOPATRIDOMANIA,  Nostalgia. 
PHILOSOPHER'S  STONE,  see  Alchymy. 
PHILOSOPHIA    CORPORIS   VIVI,    Physi- 
ology—  p.  Hermetica,  Alchymy  —  ji.  per  Ignem, 
Chymistry. 

PHILTER,  from  (pi\ew,  'I  love.'  Philtrum, 
Phil'etron,  Phile'tron,  Phar'macum  seu  Poc'- 
idiim  amato'rium,  Amato'rium  venefic"iuvi,  (F.) 
Philtre.  A  medicine  or  drink  considered  capa- 
ble of  causing  love. 

PHILTRUM,  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 
PHILYRA,  Tilia. 
PHIMA,  Phyma. 
PHIMOS,  Capistrum. 
PHIMO'SICUS.     Relating  to  Phimosis. 
Sauvages  calls  Ischu'ria  phimo'sica    seu  ure- 
thra'lis  a,  pihimo'si,  the  retention  of  urine  which 
depends  upon  phimosis. 

PHIMO'SIS,  Phymo'ais,  Capistra'tio,  Epaffo'- 
gium,  Ligatu'ra  glandis,  Striciu'ra  prcspu'tii, 
Reduc'tio  prcBjiu'iii  im2}edi'ta,  from  (pt/tow,  '1  bind 
tight.'  A  disease  which  consists  in  a  preternatu- 
ral narrowness  of  the  opening  of  the  prepuce,  so 
that  it  cannot  be  carried  behind  the  corona  glan- 
dis. This  affection  is  most  commonly  congenital. 
Sometimes  it  is  accidental,  and  dependent  upon 
tumefaction  of  the  glans,  or  of  the  prepuce,  as 
occurs  in  syphilis.  To  remedy  this  state,  the 
prepuce  may  be  divided  by  means  of  a  bistoury 
and  director;  or  circumcision  may  be  practised. 
Phimosis  Adnata  seu  Congexita  seu  Pueri- 
LIS,  Congenital  phimosis — p.  Circumligata,  Para- 
phimosis—  p.  Congenita,  P.  adnata. 

Phimo'sis  (Edbjiato'des,  Hydrophimo'  sis. 
Phimosis  with  edematous  swelling  of  the  pre- 
puce. 

Phimosis  Puerilis,  Ph.  adnata. 
PHLASMA,  Contusion. 

PHLEBARTERIODIALYSIS,  see  Aneurism. 
PHLEBECTA'SIA,  Phlcbee'tasis,  from  ^Xe^; 
<liXe[ios,  ' a  vein,' and  enTaats,  'dilatation.'     Dila- 
45 


tation   of  a  vein,  or  of  a  portion   of  a  vein. — 
Alibert. 

PHLEBECTTARCTTE.  A  mongrel  term, 
from  ^Xtt/',  <p\t^os,  'a  vein,'  and  arcto,  '1  con- 
tract.'    Contraction  of  a  vein. 

PHLEBES,  (Arteries.)     See  Artery. 
PHLEBEURYSMA,  Varix. 
PHLEB'ION,  diminutive  of  0X£^l■,  0Xfi3os,  'a 
vein.'     A  vein.  —  Hippocrates.     A  small  vein, — 
Ve'nida. 

PHLEBIS'MUS,  from  (^iXsi/.,  (pXiff'ii,  'a  vein.' 
A  term  employed  by  Dr.  MarshiiU  ILiU  for  the 
turgescence  of  veins,  produced  b}'  impeded  return 
of  the  blood.     See  Trachelisnius. 

PHLEBI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  vena'rim,  (F.) 
Phlebite,  Jit  fl  a  mm  at  ion  des  veines,  from  ^Xti^', 
^XcjJos,  'a  vein,'  and  itis,  the  termination  for  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  inner  mem- 
brane of  a  vein,  Endo-pldebi'tis,  which  sometimes 
follows  blood-letting,  and  extends  from  the  small 
wound  made  in  that  operation  to  the  neighbouring 
parts  of  the  venous  system.  The  symptoms  are, 
first,  inflammation  in  the  punctured  part;  and, 
afterwards,  a  knotty,  tense,  painful  cord,  follow- 
ing the  direction  of  the  vessel,  and  accompanied 
with  more  or  less  fever,  according  to  the  extent 
of  the  inflammation,  the  nervous  symptoms,  Ac. 
Phlebitis,  also,  sometimes  supervenes  on  the  liga- 
ture or  excision  of  varices ;  after  amputation, 
gun-shot  wounds,  delivery  {Uterine  Phlebitis, 
Locho-metro-phlebi'tiSjMetro-pjhlrbi'tis  piterpera'- 
lis,  Phlebi'tis  vteri'na,  Metri'tis  veno'sa),  the 
ligature  of  the  umbilical  cord,  &c.  It  may  ter- 
minate by  resolution,  suppuration,  ulceration,  or 
gangrene. 

Phlebitis,  Crural,  Pblogmatia  dolens  —  p. 
Uterina,  see  Peritonitis,  and  Phlebitis. 

PHLEBOG'RAPIIY,     Phhhogra'pMa,     from 
(/iXii//,  <f\ejioi,  'a  vein,'  and  yp'j<pv>  'a-  description.'  ' 
A  description  of  the  veins. 

PHLEB'OLITE,  PhlehoV ithm,  Vein  stone,  from 
^Xc-vl^,  (pXtfioi,  'a  vein,'  and  XiSoj,  'a  stone.'  A 
loose  concretion,  varj'ing  in  size  from  that  of  a 
currant  to  that  of  a  pea,  occasionally  found  in 
the  veins.  It  would  seem  to  be  formed  in  the 
blood. 

PHLEBOLITHUS,  Phlebolite. 

PHLEBOL'OGY,  Phleholog"ia,  from  ^Xti//, 
(j>\cPoi,  'a  vein,'  and  Xoyoj,  'a  discourse.'  The 
part  of  anatomj'  which  treats  of  the  veins. 

PHLEBOPA'LIA,  from  4,^Xe^^,  tpXt^oi,  'a  vein,' 
and  iraXXo),  'I  palpitate.'  "With  the  aiicisnis, pul- 
sation, which  they  conceived  to  be  produced  by 
the  veins.     See  Pulsus  venarum. 

PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOM'IA,  Ophthalmo- 
phlebotom'ia,  from.  <p\et^,  (pXelio;,  'a  vein,' o0-5aX- 
lioi,  'the  eye,'  and  rtuvoi,  'I  cut.'  Blood-letting 
in  the  eye. 

PHLEBOPLEROSIS  ECPHRACTICA,  In- 
flammation. 

PHLEBORRHAG"IA,  from  (pXn^;  (pXi^oq,  '  ti. 
vein,'  and  priyvvj^t,  'I  break  out.'  Rupture  of  the 
veins  ;  and,  in  a  more  extensive  sense,  venous 
hemorrhage. 

PHLEBORRHEX'IS,  from  ,p\txp,  (/.Xt/Sos,  'a 
vein,'  and  prj^ig,  'rupture.'  Rupture  of  a  vein. 
Also,  hemorrhage  from  a  vein,  Phhborrhai/"ia. 

PHLEBOSTENO'SIS,  from  <p\cip,  (p\i(io<;,  'a 
vein,'  and  artviacns,  'contraction.'  Constriction  or 
contraction  of  a  vein. 

PHLEBOT'OMTST,  from  ^Xeif,  (/-Xe/Jos,  'a  vein,' 
and  rc/ivw,  'I  cut.'  A  bleeder.  One  who  prac- 
tises particularly  the  art  of  phlebotomy.  See 
Blood-letting. 

PHLEBOTOMUM,  Fleam. 

PHLEBOTOMY,  see  Blood-letting. 

PHLEBS,  Vein. 

PHLEDONIA,  Delirium. 

PHLEGM,  Phlegma,  (pXtypa,  Pitui'ta,  Pit'uite, 


PHLEGMA  NARIUM  CRASSUM        70  6 


PHLORIDZINE 


3fucHs,  Motlier,  (F.)  PMegme,  PiUiite.  One  of 
the  four  natural  humours  of  the  ancients,  which, 
according  to  them,  was  cold  and  moist,  as  atra- 
bilis  was  cold  and  dry.  It  predominated,  espe- 
cially, in  winter. 

Pituita  was  afterwards  applied  to  every  aque- 
ous or  excrementitious  humour,  such  as  the  sa- 
liva, nasal  and  intestinal  mucus,  serum,  &c.  The 
terms  phlegm  and  pituita  are  no  longer  used  in 
physiology,  —  the  different  humours  having  re- 
ceived particular  names;  but  the  vulgar  still  use 
phhcpn  to  designate  a  stringy  mucus,  expecto- 
rated, or  rejected  by  vomiting.  The  ancient 
chymists  gave  the  name  'phlegm'  to  aqueous, 
insipid,  and  inodorous  products  obtained  by  sub-  | 
jecting  moist  vegetable  matters  to  the  action  of  I 

PHLEGMA  NARIUM  CRASSUM,  Nasal  mu- 
cus—  p.  Vitrioli,  Sulphuric  acid  (very  dilute.) 

PHLEG'MAGOGUE,  Phlegmagn'cjua :  from 
(fiXzyjAa,  'phlegm,'  and  ayw,  'I  expel.'  A  medi- 
cine, formerly  believed  capable  of  "cutting"  or 
removing  phlegm. 

PHLEGMAPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal. 
PHLEGMASIA,  Inflammation,  Phlegmon— p. 
Adenosa,  Adenitis — p.  Alba  dolens  puerperarum. 
Ph.  dolens  —  p.  Cellularis,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue — p.  Glandulosa,  Adenitis — p.  Myoica, 
Mj'ositis  —  p.  of  the  Peritoneum,  Peritonitis. 

PHLEGMA'TIA,  from  ^Xcy/^a,  (pXcynaros, 
'phlegm.'     (Edema,  Anasarca,  Hydrops. 

Phlegma'tia  Dolens,  P.  lac'tea  seu  dolens  seu 
alha  dolens  seu  Leiicophlegmasia  dolens  seu  Sjior- 
gmw'sis  seu  Scelal'gia  seu  CEde'ma  puerperarnm, 
Scelon'cus,  Anasar'ca  sero'aa,  £cphi/'?n<t  cedemat'- 
iciini,  Eccli ijmo'ma  li/mpkat'icn7n,  Js'chias  a  spnr- 
grnuj'si,  CEde'ma  lactenm,  /nfnrc'tus  lac'tei  extre- 
viita'tum,  JIfetas'tasis  lactis,  Hjjsteral'gia  gnlac'- 
ticn,  Hi/drophlegmn'sia  textds  cellulo'si,  Crural 
Phlehi'tis,  White  leg,  Swelled  leg,  ililk  leg.  White 
swelling  of  lijing  in  women,  (F.)  Qildeme  rfes  nou- 
velles  accouchees,  CEdeme  douleureiix  des  femmes 
en  couehe.  Depot  laiteux  sur  la  cnisse,  (Edeme 
aetifdes  nouvelles  accouchees,  Enflnre  ou  Engorge- 
ment des  jambes  et  des  ciiisses  de  la  femme  accou- 
chee,  E.  laiteux  des  membres  abdoniinaiix.  It 
occurs,  for  the  most  part,  in  the  second  or  third 
week  after  delivery : — is  limited  to  the  lower  ex- 
tremity, and  chiefly  to  one  side:  exhibiting  to  the 
touch  a  feeling  of  numerous  irregular  prominences 
under  the  skin.  It  is  hot,  white,  and  unyielding; 
and  is  accompanied,  sooner  or  later,  with  febrile 
excitement.  After  a  few  days,  the  heat,  hard- 
ness, and  sensibility  diminish,  and  the  limb  re- 
mains oedematous  for  a  longer  or  shorter  period. 
The  disease  frequently,  if  not  generally,  consists 
in  the  obstruction  of  the  iliac  or  other  veins. 
Owing  to  the  pressure  of  the  gravid  uterus  —  the 
flow  of  blood  being  obstructed  —  the  serous  part 
of  it  is  thrown  out  into  the  cellular  membrane  of 
the  limb.  Sometimes  the  vein  is  found  completely 
obliterated. 

The  treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  antiphlo- 
gisties:  —  the  application  of  leeches  or  cupping- 
glasses  near  the  groin,  fomentations  to  the  limb, 
Ac;  and,  when  the  active  state  has  subsided,  the 
use  of  a  roller,  applied  gently  at  first,  but,  after- 
wards, gradually  tightened. 

Phlegmatia  Lactea,  P.  dolens. 

PHLEGMATIiE,  see  Empresma— p.  Membra- 
nosse  et  parenchvraatosje,  Empresma. 

PHLEGMAT''lC,  Phhgmat'icus,  from  >^\tyiia, 
'phlegm.'  Abounding  in  phlegm, — as  the  'phleg- 
matic or  li/mphatic  temperament.' 

PHLEGMATOCHEMY,  see  Chemistry. 

PHLEGMATOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-menin- 
geal. 

PHLEGMATORRHAG"IA,P^?e<7ma?on7t«''a, 
Catarrh,  from  (p'Xi.y^a,  <p\eyftaTo;,  'phlegm,'  and 


ptoo,  'J  flow.'  Stahl  and  his  partisans  gave  tliia 
name  to  a  copious  secretion,  by  the  nostrils,  of  a 
limpid  and  thin  mucus,  without  inflammation.  It 
is  the  Cory'za  Phlegmatorrhag" ia  of  Sauvages, 
See  Coryza. 

PHLEGMHYMENITIS,  Phlegmymenitis. 
PHLEGMON,  from  >t,Uyu>,  '  I  burn.'  Phlogo'- 
sis  pthleg'mone,  Phleg'mone,  Phlegma'sia,  Incen'- 
dium,  Infiamma'tio,  (Prov.)  Beat.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  areolar  texture  accompanied  with  red- 
ness, circumscribed  swelling,  increased  heat  and 
pain  ;  which  is,  at  first,  tensive  and  lancinating  ; 
afterwards,  pulsatory  and  heavy.  It  is  apt  to 
terminate  in  suppuration.  It  requires  the  anti- 
phlogistic treatment,  until  suppuration  seems 
inevitable,  when  the  suppuration  must  be  encou- 
raged as  the  next  favourable  termination  to 
resolution.  ^  ^ 

PHLEGMON  PERINJEPHRETTQVE,  Pe- 
riphrenitis—  p.  Peri-uterine,  see  Peri-uterine. 

PHLEGMONE,   Inflammation —  p.   Mammae, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa — p.  Mastodynia,  Mas- 
todynia  apostematosa  —  p.  Parotidaea,  Parotis  — 
p.  Peritonosi,  Peritonitis — p.  Parulis,  Parulis — p. 
Musculorum,  Myositis  —  p.  Ventriculi,  Gastritis. 
PHLE03IONEUX,  Phlegmonous. 
PHLEGMONODES,  Phlegmonous. 
PHLEGMONOID.  Phlegmonous. 
PHLEG'MONOUS,  Phlegmono'des,  Phlc-g' mo- 
noid, (F.)  Phlegmoneux,   from   (pXtyjiovri,  (^Xcyui, 
'I  burn,')  'a  phlegmon,'  and  ciSos,  'resemblance.' 
That  which   relates    or  belongs  to  or  resembles 
phlegmon. 

Phlegmonous  Inflammation  is  the  active  in- 
flammation of  the  areolar  membrane;  in  contra- 
distinction to  erysipelatous  inflammation,  or  that 
of  the  skin. 

PHLEGMOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal. 
PHLEGMORRHAGIA,  Blennorrhoea. 
PHLEGM  OUR  HA  GIE  P  ULM  ON  AIRE, 
Bronchorrhcea. 

PHLEGMORRHCEA,  Blennorrhoea. 
PHLEGMYMENI'TIS,/'/(/e-/OT%me«?'7is,from 
<p\s.yna,  'phlegm,'  'vixvv,  'a  membrane,'  and  itis, 
the  termination  for  inflammation.     Inflammation 
of  a  mucous  membrane. 

Phlegmymenitis  Enterica,  see  Enteritis. 
PHLEPS,  Vein. 
PHLOGIA,  Inflammation. 
PHLOGICUS,  Inflammatory. 
PHLOGISTIC.  Inflammatory. 
PHLOGISTICI,  Empresma. 
PHLOGISTON,  Hydrogen. 
PHLOGMUS,  Verbascum  thapsus. 
PHLOGO'DES,  from  (/.Ao|,  0Aoyo<r,  {<pXcyw,  'I 
burn,')    'flame,'    and    eiSo;,    'resemblance.'      Jn- 
Jia'med,  Inflamma'tus,    Injlammato' rivs.    Inflam- 
matory.    An    epithet   employed   particularly    to 
express  the  red  colour  of  the  face. 
PHLOGOGUS,  Antiphlogistic. 
PHLOGOPYRUS,  Synocha. 
PHLOQOSED,  Inflamed. 

PHLOGO'SIS,  Incen'dium,  Inflamma'tion,  from 
i^Xof,  (pXoyoi,  'flame.'  Some  writei^s  use  this  word 
exclusively  for  external  inflammation  —  phleg- 
mon :  others,  for  that  which  is  superficial  or  ery- 
sipelatous. 

PHLOGOT'ICA,  Inflammations.     The  second 
order  in  the  class  Hwrnatica  of  Good. 
PHLOIOS,  Cortex. 
PHLOMUS,  Verbascum  thapsus. 
PIILOOS,  Cortex. 

PHLOR'IDZINE,  Phloridxi'na,  Phloridzin, 
from  (/)Aoof,  'inner  bark,'  and  pi^a,  'root.'  The 
bitter  or  active  principle  of  the  root  and  trunk 
of  the  apple,  pear,  cherry,  and  plum  tree.  It  is 
deposited  from  the  decoction  on  cooling;  crystal- 
lizes in  silky  spicula  of  a  dead  white  colour  when 
in  masses,  or  in  long  slender  prisms  or  tables. 


PHLOUS 


707 


PHOTOPSIA 


wiien  crystallized  with  care.  1000  parts  of  water, 
at  a  temperature  of  from  32°  to  71°,  only  dissolve 
about  one  part;  but  at  from  V0°  to  212°,  it  is 
dissolved  in  all  proportions.  It  is  very  soluble 
in  pure  alcohol,  but  only  slightly  so  in  ether; 
s.  g.  1.429.  It  has  been  administered  success- 
fully in  intermittents, — 10  to  20  grains  being  ge- 
nerally required  to  arrest  the  paroxysm.  It  may 
be  given  either  in  the  form  of  pill  or  powder. 
PHLOUS,  Cortex. 
PHLOX,  Verbaseum  thapsus. 
PHLYCTiE'NA,  Phlyctm'nis,  Phhjctig,  PMtj- 
za'cioH,  Ampull'cB,  HolopMyc' tides,  Phlyc'tides, 
PM ysis,  ^rom  <p\v^<a,  '1  boil.'  Tumours  formed 
by  the  accumulation  of  a  serous  fluid  under  the 
epidermis. 

PHLYCT^NULA,  see  Hydatid. 
PHLYC'TENOID,  PhlyctenoVdes,  from  pTilyc- 
tasna,  and  eiSo^,  'resemblance.'  Resembling 
phlyctaenae.  An  epithet  for  a  variety  of  herpes. 
PHLYCTEN'ULAR,  same  etymon  as  Phlyc- 
tsena.  Of  or  belonging  to  phlyct^nula,  —  as 
jMyctenular  ophthalmia;  inflammation  of  the 
eye,  accompanied  with  phlyctsenulas  on  the 
cornea. 

PHLYCTIDES,  Phlyctaena. 
PHLYCTID'IUM,  same  etymon.  A  circular 
or  annular  spot  of  inflammation  of  the  corium, 
encircled  by  a  red  ring  or  zone,  within  which 
suppuration  takes  place.  The  genuine  small-pox 
pustule,  and  that  produced  by  the  application  of 
tartar  emetic  ointment,  are  examples  of  it. 
PHLYCTIS,  Phlyctaena. 

PHLYSIS,  <p\viji.s,  same  etymon.  A  cutaneous 
eruption.  An  ulcerative,  subcutaneous  tumour : 
flat,  tensive,  glabrous:  diffused,  hot,  throbbing; 
at  length  fluctuating,  with  an  acrid  ichor. — 
Good. 

Phltsis,  Phlyctaena  —  p.  Ecthyma,  Ecthyma 
—  p.  Impetigo,  Impetigo — p.  Porrigo,  Porrigo  — 
p.  Scabies,  Psora. 

PHLYZACIA,  Ecthyma. 
PHLYZACION,  Phlyctaena. 
PHOBODIPSON,  Hydrophobia. 
PHOCOM'ELUS,    from    (poiKv,    'a   seal,'   and 
/teXos,  'a  limb.'     A  monster,  in  which  the  limbs 
are  shortened ;  the  hands  and  feet  appearing  to 
exist  alone,  and  to  be  inserted  immediately  on 
the  trunk,  as  in  the  seals  and  the  herbivorous 
cetacea.  —  I.  Q.  St.  Hilaire. 
PHCENICINE,  Hjematin. 
PHOSNICISMUS,  Rubeola. 
PHCENIGMUS,  Phenigmus  — p.  Petecbialis, 
Purpura  simplex. 

PHCENIX  DACTYLIFERA,  Date  tree  —  p. 
Excelsa,  Date  tree. 

PHCENODINE,  Hsematin. 
PHONA'TIOiSr,  Phona'tio,  from  ^xovr;,  'voice.' 
The  physiology  of  the  voice. 
PHONE,  Voice. 

PHO'NICA,  0(i)ytKa,  from  (toivrj,  'voice.'  The 
first  order  of  the  class  Pneumaticn,  in  Good's 
Nosology.  Defined:  diseases  affecting  the  vocal 
avenues  :  —  the  passage  of  the  voice  impeded,  or 
its  power  suppressed  or  depraved. 

PHONON'OSI,   Phononu'si,  from   (povrj,    'the 
voice,'    and    vocrof,    *a   disease.'      Phonopathi' a, 
3Iorhi  vocis.     Diseases  of  the  voice. 
PHONOPATHI^,  Phononosi. 
PHORA,  Gestation. 
PHORBE,  Pabulum. 

PHORONOM'IA,  from  (pzpw,  'I  move,'  and 
vofio;,  'law.'     The  doctrine  of  muscular  motion. 

PHOROUS,  from  acpw,  'I  carry.'   A  suffix  de- 
noting conveyance.   Hence,  Galactop/torous,  &c. 
PHOS,  Light. 

PHOSPHAS,  Phosphate.  A  salt  formed  by 
the  union  of  phosphoric  acid  with  a  salifiable 
base. 


Phosphas    Calciccm   Stibiatdm,   Antimonial 
powder  —  p.  Calcis  stibiatus,  Antimonial  powder 
— p.  Natricum,  Soda,  phosphate  of. 
PHOSPHATE,  Phosphas. 

PHOSPHAT'IC,  Phosijhat'icjis,  from  Phospho- 
rus. Relating  to  the  phosphates;  hence  the 
Phosphat'ic  Diath'esis  is  the  habit  of  body  which 
favours  the  deposition  of  the  phosphates  from  the 
urine. 

PHOSPHENE,  see  Photopsia. 
PHOSPHORE,  Phosphorus. 
PHOSPHOR^NESES.  M.  Baumes  unites, 
under  this  generic  name,  diseases  which  he  attri- 
butes to  disordered  phosphorization ;  i.  e.  to  ex- 
cess or  deficiency  of  calcareous  phosphates  or  its 
decomposition.  Amongst  these  affections  he 
ranks  rachitis,  osteo-malacia,  and  gout. 

PHOSPHORES'CENCE,  Phosphorescen'tia, 
Luminos'ity  ;  froia  phosphorus.  The  properties 
possessed  by  certain  bodies  of  being  luminous  in 
obscurity,  or  under  particular  circumstances. 
This  phosphorescence  has  been  occasionally  wit- 
nessed in  man,  when  suffering  from  some  wasting 
disease,  and  near  death. 

PHOSPHORIC  ACID,  Ac"idtim  phosphor'- 
icum,  {¥.)  Aeidf.  phosphoriqiie.  Same  etymon.  A 
solid,  colourless  compound;  highly  sapid;  very 
soluble  in  water,  and  vitrifiable  by  fire.  It  exists 
in  bones  combined  with  lime.  It  has  been  em- 
ployed in  medicine  in  the  form  of  lemonade,  in 
passive  hemorrhage,  typhus,  phthisis,  marasmus, 
&c.,  and  in  injection  in  cases  of  cancer  of  tha 
uterus.  It  does  not  seem  preferable  to  other 
acids.  An  Acid'um  phosphor'icnm  dilu'tum  is  o£&- 
cinal  in  the  London  pharmacopoeia. 

PHOSPHORNECROSIS,  see  Phosphorus. 

PHOSPHORURIA,  Urine,  phosphorescent. 

PHOS'PHORUS,  Phos'phonim,  J.utophos'pho- 
rus,  Ignis  philosoph'ictts,  Lumen  constans,  from 
<poig,  'light,'  and  0fpw,  'I  carry.'  (F.)  Phosphore. 
'A  light  carrier.'  An  elementary  or  undecom- 
posed  substance;  not  metallic;  solid;  transparent 
or semitransparent:  colourless;  brilliant;  flexible; 
of  a  sensible  garlic  odour;  very  inflammable, 
and  susceptible  of  combining  with  the  oxygen 
of  the  atmosphere,  at  even  the  ordinary  tempera- 
ture. It  does  not  exist  pure  in  nature,  but  is 
found  frequently  united  to  other  bodies.  Its 
fumes  in  the  manufacture  of  lucifer  and  Congreve 
matches  have  caused,  it  is  said,  necrosis  of  the 
lower  jaw  —  Phosphomecro' sis,  phosphorus  jaie 
disease,  Lucifer-match-mahers'  Disease. 

Phosphorus  has  been  used  in  medicine,  dis- 
solved in  other  or  suspended  in  the  yolk  of  egg, 
as  a  stimulant ;  but  the  greatest  precautions  are 
necessary  in  its  administration :  hence  it  is  rarely 
employed. 

Phosphorus  Jaw  Disease,  see  Phosphorus. 

PHOSPHURIA,  Urine,  phosphorescent.  See 
Urine. 

PHOTOCAMPSIS,  Refraction. 

PHOTOMA'NIA,  from  ^o;,  ^uirog,  'light,'  and 
mania.     Insane  delirium  induced  by  light. 

PHOTOPHO'BIA,  from  <po)s,  ^oirof, '  light,'  and 
(po^oi,  '  fear.'  Aversion  to  light : — intolerance  of 
light.     Nyctalopia. 

PHOTOPHOBICUS,  Lucifugus. 

PHOTOPHOBOPHTHALMIA,  Nyctalopia. 

PHOTOPHOBUS,  Lucifugus. 

PHOTOP'SIA,  Visus  lu'cidus,  from  <pws,  (payro;, 
'  light,'  and  aijj,  '  the  eye.'  A  false  perception 
of  light,  as  of  sparks,  flashes  of  fire,  &c.,  occa- 
sioned by  certain  conditions  of  the  retina  and 
brain,  and  by  pressure  on  the  eyeball.  When 
pressure  does  not  induce  the  luminous  appear- 
ance, (F.)  Phosphene,  the  existence  of  amaurosis 
may  be  inferred.     See  Metamorphopsia. 


PHOTURIA 


708 


PHTHISIS 


PHOTU'RIA,  from  0us,  ^ui-of,  'light,'  and 
ovpov,  'urine.'    A  luminous  condition  of  the  urine. 

PHE.AGMOS,  (ppay/jLos,  '  a  fence,'  from  (jtpaaaw, 
'I  enclose.'     A  row  of  teeth. 

PHRASIS,  Voice,  articulated. 

PHRASUM,  Marrubium. 

PHREN,  tppriv,  '  the  mind.'  Also,  the  dia- 
phragm and  scrobieulus  cordis. 

PHRENAUX'E,  Hi/pertroph'ia  cer'ebri,  from 
(pptjv,  'the  mind,  the  organ  of  mind,'  and  av^ri, 
'increase.'     Hypertrophy  of  the  brain. 

PHRENATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  cer'ebri,  from 
(ppvv,  'the  mind,  the  organ  of  mind,'  a,  priv., 
and  Tpo(p7],  'nourishment.'  Wasting  or  atrophy 
of  the  brain. 

PHRENES,  Diaphragm. 

PHRE\ESIA,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENESIE,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENESIS,  Delirium,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENETIASIS,  Delirium,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENETISMUS,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENIC,  Diaphragmatic. 

PHRE'NICA,  from  (l>p^v,  'the  mind.'  Diseases 
affecting  the  intellect;  characterized  by  error, 
perversion,  or  debility  of  one  or  more  of  the  men- 
tal faculties,  (Phrenopatlii'a.)  The  first  order  of 
the  class  Neurotica  of  Good.  Also,  remedies  that 
aflFect  the  mental  faculties  —  Phren'ics. — Pereira. 

PHRENICS,  see  Phrenica. 

PHRENICULA  HYDROCEPHALICA,  Hy- 
drocephalus internus. 

PHRENISMUS,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENPTIS,  Phren'esis,  Phrene'sia,  Phre- 
neti'asis,  Phrenis'mvs,  Phrenetis'mns,  Ce2}hali'tis, 
Eneephali'tis,  Cerehri'tis,  Cephalal'gia  injlamma- 
to'ria,  Karabitus  (Arab.),  Sibare,  S]jhacelis'miis 
cer'ebri,  Empres'ma  cephaWtis,  Siri'asis,  Seiri'- 
asis,  Sidera'tio,  Inflamma'tio  seu  Oaitma  phretii'- 
tia,  Phrenay,  Delirium,  Brain  Fever,  (F.)  Phrene- 
sie,  Cerebrite,  Inflammation  du  cerveau  et  du 
cervelet,  from  ippny,  'the  mind,'  and  itis,  denoting 
inflammation.  A  disease  characterized  by  violent 
pyrexia,  pain  in  the  head,  redness  of  the  face  and 
eyes,  intolerance  of  light  and  sound,  watchful- 
ness, and  delirium,  either  furious  or  muttering. 
Its  causes  are  the  same  as  those  of  other  inflam- 
mations :  sometimes,  however,  it  is  induced  by  a 
Coup  de  soleil;  by  inebriation;  violent  mental 
emotions,  &c.  Some  authors  have  given  the  name 
Phrenitis  and  BTeningitis  to  inflammation  of  the 
membranes  of  the  brain;  and  that  of  CepJialitis, 
Encephalitis,  or  Cerebritis  to  inflammation  of  the 
substance  of  the  brain;  but  there  are  no  pathog- 
nomic symptoms,  which  can  lead  us  to  refer  the 
seat  of  the  disease  to  either  of  those  parts  exclu- 
sively. Phrenitis  is,  of  course,  a  very  dangerous 
affection,  from  the  importance  of  the  organ  con- 
cerned. The  most  active  treatment  must  neces- 
sarily be  pursued.  Repeated  bleeding;  purging; 
the  application  of  ice  to  the  shaved  head;  a  po- 
sition in  which  the  head  is  raised  :  and  the  avoid- 
ing of  irritation  of  every  kind  ; — form  the  reme- 
dial means  during  the  violent  stage.  After  this 
has  yielded,  counter-irritants  to  the  nape  of  the 
neck  or  to  other  parts  of  the  body  will  be  useful 
adjuvants.  When  the  brain  and  meninges  were 
affected  only  symptomatically,  as  in  inflammation 
of  the  diaphragm,  the  disease  was  formerly  called 
Priraphreiiitis. 

Hydrocephalus  acntus  is  a  variety  of  phrenitis. 

Phrenitis  Calentura,  Coup-de-soleil—-p.  La- 
trans,  Hydrophobia— p.  Potatorum,  Delirium  tre- 
mens—p.  Verminosa,  Vercoquin. 

PHRENO-GLOTTISM,  Asthma  thymicum. 

PHRENOLOGY.  Craniology. 

VRRENO-UACT'J^ETlSM,Phreno-mes'merism, 
Mes'mero-phrenol' orjy.  A  term  applied  to  the  con- 
dition of  a  mesmerized  person,  in  which,  when 
any  cerebral  or  phrenological  organ — so  called — 


is  touched,  the  functions  of  the  organ  are  mani- 
fested. It  has  been  established,  that  no  such 
phenomena  can  be  elicited  in  children,  or  in 
those  who  have  never  seen  a  phrenological  cast 
or  picture. 

PHRENOPARALYSIS,  see  Paralysis. 

PHRENOPATHIA,  see  Phrenica. 

Phrenopathi'a  ^the'rea.  The  aggregate 
of  encephalic  phenomena  induced  bj'  the  inhala- 
tion of  ether. 

PHRENSY,  Phrenitis. 

PHRICASMUS,  Horripilation. 

PHRICE,  Horripilation. 

PHRICIA,  Horripilation. 

PHRICIASIS,  Horripilation. 

PHRICO'DES  (FERRIS,)  from  ^ikt,,  '  z.  sh\~ 
■ver'mg;'  Horrif'ica.  A  fever  in  which  the  chill 
is  very  intense  and  prolonged. 

PHRYAGMA,  Shuddering. 

PHRYTTE,  Colophonia. 

PHRYG"IUS  (LAPIS).  An  earthy  matter, 
found  in  Phrygia  and  Cappadocia,  and  formerly 
employed  as  an  astringent.  —  Gorrieus. 

PHTHARMA  CALIGO,  Caligo— p.  Cataraeta, 
Cataract  —  p.  Glaucoma,  Glaucoma. 

PHTHEIR,  Pediculus. 

PHTHEIRE'MIA,  from  (pQtipio,  'I  corrupt,' 
and  'aipta,  'blood.'  A  state  in  which  the  plastic 
powers  of  the  blood  are  deteriorated. 

PHTHEIRrASIS,P7i/Ai>rasr«,c!,^apia(Jij,from 
(p&£ip,  'a  louse;'  Morbtis  pedicnlo'sus  seu  pedicu- 
la'ris,  Prxiri'go  pedicula'ris,  Pedicvln'tio,  Mnlis 
pedic'uli,  Peta'le,  Lousiness,  Lousy  disease,  (F.) 
Maladie  pediculaire,  Phthiriase.  A  disease 
which  consists  in  the  excessive  multiplication  of 
lice  on  the  human  body,  under  conditions  in 
which  it  does  not  ordinarily  take  place,  and  in 
spite  of  cleanliness.  It  has  been  asserted  that 
the  affection  has  often  caused  death.  Simple  and 
medicated  baths  have  been  recommended  for  its 
removal ;  lotions  of  the  decoction  or  infusion  of 
tobacco  and  stavesacre,  mercurial  frictions,  &c. 

PHTHEIRIUM,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

PHTHEIROCTONUM,  Delphinium  staphi- 
sagria. 

PHTHINAS,  Phthisis. 

PHTHINODES,  PhthL^icus. 

PHTHTRTASE,  Phtheirinsis. 

PHTHIRIASIS,  Malis,  Phtheiriasis. 

PHTHIRIUM  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 

PHTHIRIUS,  Antiparasitic  — p.  Inguinalis, 
see  Pediculus. 

PHTHIROCTONUS,  Abortive. 

PHTHIROPORON,  Autumn. 

PHTHISES:  same  etymon  as  Phthisis.  In 
the  classification  of  Fuchs,  diseases  attended 
with  ulceration,  hectic  fever,  and  emaciation. 

PHTHISIC,  Phthisis.  Also,  a  slight  tickling 
cough,  (Prov. )  Tissick. 

PHTHISICAL,  Phthisicus. 

PHTHIS'ICUS,  Phthino'des,  Phthh'icnl,  Tis'- 
ical,  (F.)  PhtTiisique,  Poitrinaire ;  same  etymon 
as  phthisis.  Belonging  to  phthisis.  Also,  one 
labouring  under  phthisis,  or  who  is  consumptive. 

PHTHTSIE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis— ;j.  Aiyue, 
Consumption,  galloping  —p.  Ccdculeuse,  Calculi, 
pulmonary,  see  Lithiasis  pulmonum — p.  Carcino- 
matetise,  Phthisis,  cancerous — p'-  Oalnpnnte,  Con- 
sumption, galloping  —  p.  avec  3Iehniose,  Anthra- 
cosis  pulmonum — p.  3Iesenter!qne,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica — p.  Tracheale,  see  Phthisis  laryngea  —  p. 
Tulerculense,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PHTHISIOL'OGY,  Phthisiolor/'ia,  from  <p&i7^;, 
and  )i.oyog.     A  treatise  on  phthisis. 

PHTHISIOSIS.  Tubercular  consumption. 

PHTHISI- PNEUMONIA,  Phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis. 

PHTfflSTQUE,  Phthisicus. 

PHTHISIS,    Phthoe,  Phthinas,    Tabes,    Te'ee- 


PHTHISIS 


709 


PHTHISIS 


do7i,  Consumption,  Decline,  Phthin'ic,  Tis'ic,  from 
^0iu),  '  I  waste  away,  I  decay.'  This  word,  taken 
in  a  general  sense,  means  progressive  emaciation 
of  every  part  of  the  body.  It  is  usually,  how- 
ever, restricted  to  phthisis  pulmonalis. 

Phthisis  Acuta,  Consumption,  galloping  —  p. 
Black,  see  Anthracosis. 

Phthisis,    Bron'chial,    Phthisis    hronchia'lis. 

-Phthisis  occasioned  by  the  pressure  of  enlarged 

'tuberculous  bronchial  glands,  which,  not  unfre- 

qiiently,  communicate  with  caverns  in  the  lungs, 

or  with  the  bronchia. 

Phthisis  Calculosa,  Lithiasis  pulmonum. 

Phthisis,  Can'cerous,  Scirrhus,  Carcinoma  et 
Fungus  Pulmo'num,  3Ied' ullary  or  Enceph'aloid 
Titniour  of  the  Lung,  (F.)  Cancer  da  Poumon. 
Cancer  of  the  lung,  which  gives  rise  to  carci- 
nomatous phthisis,  (F.)  Phthisic  carcinomateuse, 
of  Bayle. 

Phthisis  Consumm"ata,  see  Ph.  pulmonalis — p. 
Dorsalis,  Tabes  Dorsalis  —  p.  Dyspeptic,  see 
Phthisis  —  p.  Exulcerata,  Ph.  pulmonalis  —  p. 
Hepatica,  Hepato-phthisis  —  p.  Ischiadiea,  Is- 
chio-phthisis. 

Phthisis  Larynge'a,  Chronic  Laryngi'tis,  Ln- 
ryngi'tis  et  Trachei'tis  chron'ica,  Tuberculo'sis 
laryn'gis  et  traehe'cB,  Laryn'go-et-Tracheophth!sis, 
Laryngophthisis,  Ul'cera  seu  Helco'sis  Laryngis, 
(F.)  Phthisie  laryngee,  Ulcere  du  larynx,  Laryn- 
gite  aveo  sSoretion  de  Pus,  is  a  species  of  con- 
sumption analogous  to  phthisis  pulmonalis,  pro- 
duced by  inflammation  and  ulceration  of  the  in- 
terior of  the  larj'ns,  and  sometimes  by  caries  of 
the  cartilages.  Phthisis  trachca'lis,  Tracheo- 
phthi'sis,  (F.)  Phthisie  tracheale,  is  a  similar  affec- 
tion, seated  in  the  trachea.  Chronic  inflammation 
of  the  larynx  and  trachea  may  exist,  however, 
without  tubercles  or  phthisis. 

Phthisis  Meseraica,  Tabes  mesenterica — p. 
Nodosa,  Ph.  pulmonalis  —  p.  Mucosa,  see  Bron- 
chorrhcea  —  p.  Notias,  Tabes  dorsalis  —  p.  Pitui- 
tosa,  see  Bronohorrhcea. 

Phthisis  Pulmona'lis,  Ph.  pulmo'num  seu 
puhnona'ris  seu  nodo'sa  pidmona'lis  vera  seu 
tuherculo'sa  seu  scrophulo'sa  seu  tuhercnlo-idce- 
ra'ta  seu  2^'"'>'len'ta  exulcera'ta  seu  exulcera'ta, 
jifaras'mus  sen  Hee'tica  seu  Hcsmop'tysis  phthisis, 
Passio  vomicof'lua,  Phthisi-pneumo'nia,  Tabes 
pulmona'lis  seu  pulmo'num,  Ulcus  pulmonum,  Hel- 
co'sis pudmona'lis,  Pneumonoplithi' sis,  Pneumo- 
nojih'thoe,  Pneumop'thoe,  Pulmo'nia,  Tuberculo'- 
sis Pulmo'num,  Gongrophthi' sis,  Morbus  Ang'licxis, 
Tuberculous  disease  of  the  lungn,  Pulmonary  con- 
sumption, Consumption,  Decline^  Phthisic,  Tisic, 
(Sc.)  Teasick,  (P.)  Phthisie,  P.  pulmonaire  seu 
tti.herculeuse,  Crachement  de  pus.  Occasionally, 
this  formidable  disease  occurs  accidentally  :  but, 
usually,  it  is  caused  by  a  conformation  obtained 
from  progenitors.  This,  at  least,  predisposes  to 
it;  and  but  a  slight  exciting  cause  maybe  re- 
quired to  rouse  the  predisposition  into  action.  It 
is  less  a  disease  of  the  torrid  zone;  and  in  the 
temperate  regions  of  the  globe,  its  pathology  is 
often  intimately  allied  with  that  of  scrofula.  It 
consists  in  the  formation  of  tubercles  in  the 
lungs,  which  sooner  or  later  inflame  and  break 
down.  In  such  a  constitution,  ulcerations  of 
'  the  lungs  do  not  readily  heal ;  and  hectic  fever 
—  the  universal  attendant  upon  irritability  and 
debility  —  is  established.  This  persists,  and 
gradually  wears  down  the  patient,  till  he  ulti- 
mately expires,  exhausted  by  the  irritative 
fever.  The  chief  symptoms  are  the  following. 
The  patient  feels  a  sense  of  uneasiness  in  the 
chest,  with  severe  fits  of  coughing,  or  a  short 
and  dry  cough  with  dyspnoea.  This  may  be 
considered  the  incipient  stage.  The  cough  then 
becomes  extremely  troublesome,  especially  in 
the  morning;  and  dyspnoea  is  increased  on  the 


slightest  exertion.  The  expectoration  is  evidently 
purulent,  with  fever  in  the  evening,  and  circum- 
scribed redness  of  the  cheeks;  wasting  and  col- 
liquative sweats  early  in  the  morning.  This  must 
be  considered  the  confirmed  stage, — Phthisis  con- 
summa'ta,  Pneumophthi' sis.  In  the  third,  or  last 
stage,  the  hectic  is  constant,  with  small  pulse, 
pungent  heat,  colliquative  sweats,  and  diarrhoea. 
The  weakness  becomes  extreme,  and  the  patient 
exhausted.  Physical  Signs.  —  1.  In  the  first 
stage,  whilst  there  are  yet  scattered  miliary  tu- 
bercles,— the  only  appreciable  change  at  the  ex- 
terior of  the  chest,  and  this  is  not  constant,  is  a 
want  of  freedom  in  the  movements  under  one  or 
both  clavicles.  Percussion  will  generally  disco- 
ver a  slight  diminution  of  sound  corresponding 
to  the  summit  of  one  lung.  In  the  same  situa- 
tion, auscultation  shows  that  the  inspiratory  mur- 
mur is  either  weaker,  rougher,  or  confused.  The 
sound  of  expiration  is  more  distinct.  The  voice 
and  cough  are  rather  more  resonant,  and  wheez- 
ing or  mucous  rales  are  occasionally  heard  in  the 
same  region.  2.  When  the  tubercular  deposition 
has  become  more  abundant,  the  motion  of  the 
chest  is  more  markedly  diminished  under  one  or 
both  clavicles.  The  loss  of  sound  on  percussion 
is  more  distinct,  the  inspiration,  on  auscultation, 
is  bronchial,  the  expiration  louder  and  more  su- 
perficial, and  the  resonance  of  the  voice  and 
cough  is  increased.  The  rest  of  the  lung  is  per- 
haps healthy,  or  the  respiration  may  be  peurile. 
.3.  When  the  tubercles  are  undergoing  softening, 
— in  addition  to  the  preceding  signs,  auscultation 
exhibits  a  subcrepitant  rale  around  the  apex  of 
the  lung,  decreasing  from  above  downwards.  It 
is  most  distinct  during  or  after  the  cough,  and  at 
the  close  of  a  deep  inspiration.  As  the  disease 
proceeds,  the  bubbling  becomes  successively 
larger,  and  ultimately  gargouillement  is  heard. 
The  inspiration  and  expiration  are  cavernous  or 
tracheal.  The  voice  and  cough  indicate  unusual 
resonance  and  pectoriloquy.  The  intercostal 
spaces  are  often  depressed  locally,  and  percussion 
may  become  gradually  clearer  and  even  tympa- 
nitic as  the  cavern  increases. 

It  is  only  in  the  incipient  state  of  this  formi- 
dable disease,  that  advantage  can  be  expected 
from  any  plan  of  treatment;  and  of  all  means 
that  can  be  devised,  that  of  removing  to  a  climate 
in  which  air  and  exercise  can  be  daily  enjoj'ed 
during  the  autumnal,  winter,  and  spring  months 
is  the  best.  See  Climate.  If  this  be  impracti- 
cable, the  patient  must  be  kept  in  a  regulated 
temperature,  taking  care  that  the  chamber  is 
duly  ventilated;  and  gestation  in  the  open  air  be 
used,'whenever  the  atmosphere,  although  cold,  is 
dry.  The  other  indications  will  be  :  1.  To  mode- 
rate inflammatory  action :  2.  To  suppoi-t  the 
strength;  and,  3.  To  palliate  urgent  symptoms. 
The  whole  treatment  indeed  is  palliative.  Coun- 
ter-irritants relieve  pain  :  demulcents  and  mild 
opiates  alleviate  the  cough  :  the  mineral  acids, 
united  with  opium,  relieve  the  colliquative  sweats  : 
and  chalk  and  opium  the  diarrhoea. 

Dr.  Wilson  Pliilip  has  pointed  out  a  particular 
species  of  phthisis,  which  is  characterized,  in  the 
early  stage,  by  a  deranged  state  of  the  digestive 
organs;  flatulent,  irregular  bowels;  furred  tongue; 
impaired  appetite;  unnatural  faeces;  and  the  epi- 
gastric region  more  or  less  full  and  tender  on 
pressure.  The  affection  of  the  lungs  is  here 
secondary.     He  calls  it  Byspeptic  phthisis. 

Phthisis  Pulmonalis  Purulenta  Exulce- 
rata, Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis  sero- 
fulosa.  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis  tu- 
berculosa. Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis 
tuberculosa- ulcerata.  Phthisis  pulmonalis — -p. 
Pulmonalis  vera,  Phthisis  pulmonalis — p.  Pupil- 
lae,  Synezisis — p.  Pupillaris,  Myosis — p.  Scrophu- 


PHTHISFRIA 


710 


PHYSIOLOGICAL 


losa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Sicca,  Tabes  dor-  | 
salis  —  p.  Tuberculosa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  I 
TJterina,    Metrophthisis  —  p.    Vesicalis,     Cysto- 
pbthisis. 

Phthisis  Weed,  Ludwigia  palustris. 

PHTHISURIA,  Diabetes. 

PHTUISURIE,  Diabetes— p.  Sucree,  Diabetes 
mellitus. 

PHTHOE,  Phthisis. 

PHTHOIS,  Pastil,  Troehiscns. 

PHTHOISCOS,  Pastil,  Troehiscus. 

PHTHONGODYSPHORIA,  Hyperacusis. 

PHTHORA,  Abortion,  Corruption,  Plague. 

PHTHORIUS,  Abortive. 

PHTHOROCTONUS,  Abortive. 

PHUCAGROSTIS  MINOR,  Pila  marina. 

PHUSCA,  Oxycrate. 

PHYGANTHROPIA,  Misanthropia. 

PHYGETH'LON,  Panus,  Phypella,  from  ^uu, 
'I  grow,'  [?].  Inflammation  of  the  superficial 
lymphatic  glands,  not  ending  in  suppuration. 

PHYLA CTERION,  Amuletum. 

PHYLACTE'RIUM,  (pvXaKTnpiov,  from  ,pv\aaa(0, 
'  I  preserve.'  A  Phylac'tery,  (F.)  Phylacth-e. 
An  amulet :  —  a  prophylactic. 

PHYLAXIS,  Conservation. 

PHYLLAN'THUS  URINA'RIA,  Bwhohum- 
la.  Orel.  Euphorbiaceae.  A  plant  employed  in 
Ceylon,  in  decoction,  as  a  diuretic. 

PHYLLITIS,  Asplenium  scolopendrium — p. 
Muraria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria  —  p.  Rotundi- 
folia,  Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

PHYMA,  Phima,  from  <pvo),  '1  grow.'  With 
the  ancients,  this  word  was  used  with  great  lati- 
tude :  sometimes,  in  the  sense  of  phlegmon,  for 
tumours  larger  than  a  boil,  and  perfectly  suppu- 
rative. In  the  nosology  of  Sauvages,  Phymata 
is  an  order  of  diseases,  to  which  he  refers  erysi- 
pelas, oedema,  phlegmon,  emphysema,  soirrhus, 
&,o.  In  that  of  Dr.  Good  it  is  a  genus,  including 
hordeolum,  furunculus,  sycosis,  and  anthrax. 

Phyma  Anthrax,  Anthrax  —  p.  Anthrax  ter- 
minthus,  Terminthus  —  p.  Sycosis,  Sycosis. 

PHY'MATOID,  Phymatoi'des,  (F.)  Phyma- 
tolde,  from  ^vjia,  'a  tubercle,'  and  eihoi,  'resem- 
blance.' A  state  of  cancerous  tissue,  in  which 
the  dull  yellow  hue  and  the  consistence  resemble 
those  of  tubercle.  —  Lebert. 

PHYMATO'SES,  from  (pvna,  'a  hard  tumour.' 
Tuberculous  diseases.  —  Fuchs. 

PHYMATOSIS,  Excrescence— p.  Cerebri,  En- 
eephalophymata  —  p.  Elephantiasis,  Elephantia- 
sis—  p.  Lupus,  Lupus  —  p.  Verrucosa,  Verruca. 

PHYMOSrS,  Phimosis. 

PHYPELLA,  Phygethlon. 

PHYSA,  Crepitation. 

PHYSAGOGA,  Carminatives. 

PHY'SALIS,  from  ipvaa,  '  a  bladder,'  referring 
to  the  inflated  calyx,  P.  Alkelcen'gi  seu  halicnc'- 
ahum,  Sola'num  vesiaa'ri'tim,  Aldwchen'ge,  Alke- 
Teen'gi,  Halicac' ahum.  Winter  Cherry,  (F.)  Alke- 
kcnge,  Ooqueret.  Ord.  Solanaeese.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  The  berries  are  recom- 
mended as  a  diuretic,  from  6  to  12  for  a  dose,  in 
dropsical  and  calculous  cases.  It  has  been  af- 
firmed, that  the  whole  plant — twigs,  leaves,  cap- 
sules and  berries — possesses  the  antiperiodie  vir- 
tues of  Cinchona. 

Physalis  Alkekengi,  Physalis  —  p.  Halicaca- 
bum,  Physalis — p.  Obscura,  Ph.  viscosa — p.  Penn- 
sylvanica,  Ph.  viscosa — p.  Pubescens,  Ph.  viscosa 
— p.  Stramonium,  Anisodus  luridus. 

Physalis  Visco'sa, P.o6se?«')-a  seu  Peinmylvan'- 
ica  seu  puhes'cens,  Ground  cherry ;  indigenous. 
The  berries  are  said  to  be  diuretic  and  sedative. 

PHYSCE,  Abdomen,  Colon. 

PHYSCIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  Islandica  — 
p.  Nivalis,  Lichen  caninus. 

PHYSCO'NIA,   from    ipvcKoiv,   'the    paunch.' 


Ventroa'itas,  Ecphy'ma  physco'nia,  Hyposar' ca, 
Emphrac'tfea,  Viseo'nia,  Hypersarehid'ios,  Pot- 
helly,  Pendulous  ahdo'men,  Swaghelly,  Gorhelly, 
(Prov.)  Gotchhelly,  Pedhelly.  A  generic  term, 
under  which  Sauvages  has  comprised  every  large 
tumour  developed  in  the  abdomen,  that  is  neither 
fluctuating  nor  sonorous.  Linnaeus  calls  it  Hy- 
posarca. 

Physco'nia  Abipo'sa,  Ohes'itas  seu  Polysar'cia 
vis'ceruin.     Accumulation  of  fat  in  the  intestines. 

Physconia  Biliosa,  Turgescentia  vesieulse 
felleEB. 

Physconia  Emphysemat'ica.  Accumulation 
of  air  in  the  areolar  tissue,  or  between  the  coats 
of  particular  viscera. 

Physconia  Lienis,  Splenoncns  —  p.  Mesente- 
rica.  Tabes  mesenterica — p.  Splenica,  Ague  cake. 

Physconia  Strumo'sa,  Scrofula  ahdonnnu'lis 
■inter'na.  Tumid  abdomen  from  serophulous  en- 
largement of  the  glands. 

PHYSCONIE  MESENT^RIQTJE,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

PHYSEMA,  Tympanites,  Physesis. 

PHYSE'SIS,  Physe'ma,  from  cpvaam,'!  inflate.' 
An  emphysematous  tumour.     Tympanites. 

PHYSETER  MACROCEPHALUS,  see  Ceta- 
ceum. 

PHYSIATRICE,  Vis  medieatrix  naturse. 

PHYSIAUTOCRATIA,  Vis  medieatrix  na- 
turag. 

PHYSIC,  Medicament,  Medieina  —  p.  Indian, 
Euphorbia  corollata,  Gillenia  trifoliata — p.  Root, 
Leptan.dra  purpurea. 

PHYSICAL,  Medical— p.  Signs,  see  Symptom, 

PHYSICIAN,  Med'icua,  Fatros,  Aces' tor, 
Aces' ter,  Altheus,  Ilaiwi',  PcBon,  (Old  Eng.)  Fesis'- 
ian,  Ficicion,  Leche,  Leech,  from  (pvcns,  '  nature.' 
(F.)  iledecin,  Docteur.  One  who  has  received 
his  degree  from  an  incorporated  Institution,  as 
Doctor  of  Medicine.  The  French  formerly  used 
the  word  physicien  in  the  same  sense.  It  is  now 
appropriated  by  them  to  the  natural  philosopher. 
Physicist  has  the  same  signification. 

Physician,  Family.  One  regarded  as  the 
regular  attendant  on  a  family. 

Physician,  Learned,  latrosophista — p.  Prac- 
tical, liitrotechna  —  p.  Priest,  see  Asclepiadae. 

PHYSICIEN,  Physician. 

PHYSICIST,  see  Physician. 

PHYSICS,  MED'ICAL,  latmphys'ics.  Phy- 
sics directly  applied  to  medicine,  —  either  to  the 
explanation  of  the  vital  phenomena,  the  preserva- 
tion of  individuals,  or  the  treatment  of  disease. 

PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA,  Vis  medieatrix  na- 
turae. 

PHYSIOG'NOMIST,  Physiogno'mon,  one  who 
busies  himself  especially  with,  or  pretends  to  be 
versed  in,  physiognomy. 

PHYSIOG'NOMY,  (Old  Eng.)  Vis'nnmy,  Phy. 
s'tognom'ia,  Phyiiognorn' ica,  Physiognom'ice,  Phy- 
sionom' ia,  Physioguomon'  in,  Physiognom' one, 
Physiognomos'yne,  Physiognomosia,  Anthropo- 
scop'ia,  Prosopomonti'a,  Prosopolog"ia,  Semiot'- 
ice  fa'cier,  Physiognomon'ica,  Physiognom'ony, 
Metopos'copy,  Prosopo'sis,  from  (jivrm,  '  nature,' 
and  yvu/iT?, '  knowledsje.'  The  art  of  knowing  the 
dispositions  of  men  from  their  external  appear- 
ance; especially  from  the  features.  Every  infe- 
rence of  this  kind  must  necessaril.y  be  extremely 
fallacious,  and  cannot  be  reduced  to  rule,  as  was 
attempted  by  Lavater  and  others.  In  infantile 
diseases,  numerous  shades  of  expression  are  evi- 
dent, which  experience  teaches  how  to  appre- 
ciate ;  and  which  afi"nrd  useful  guides  in  under- 
standing the  patholotry  of  that  period  of  existence. 

PHYSIOLOGIA  PATHOGENETICA,  see  Pa- 
thogenetic. 

PHYSIOLOG"ICAL,  Physiolog"icus.  (P.)  Phi/, 
sioloffique.     Relating  or  belonging  to  physiology. 


PHYSIOLOGICE 


711 


PICHURIM   BEANS 


Physiological  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy  —  p. 
Doctrine,  Broussaism. 

PHYSIOLOGICE,  Physiology. 

PHYSIOL'OGIST,  PlujnoV o'jus.  Same  ety- 
mon as  the  nest.  One  who  occupies  himself  spe- 
cially, or  is  well  acquainted,  with  phj'siology. 

PHYSIOL'OGY,f  Aj^.*i"o%"(V(,  BioVogy,  Bion'- 
omy,  Biot'ics,  B{o2)h(Bnomenolug" la,  Physiolorj" - 
ice,  CEcrjnom'ia  anima'lis,  Anatom'in  viva,  Aiiat'- 
ome  anima'la,  Anthropolog"ia,  Microcosmogra'- 
phia,  ilicrocos' mica  scien'tia,  Cognit" io  physio- 
l<>g"ica,  Pars  natura'lis  medici'ncB,  Philosoph'ia 
cor'poris  vici ;  from  (pvai;,  'nature,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a, 
description.'  Formerly,  Physiology  meant  the 
same  as  Physics,  in  its  extensive  signification, 
now  does.  At  the  present  day,  it  includes  the 
science  which  treats  of  the  functions  of  animals 
or  vegetables;  an  acquaintance  with  the  pheno- 
mena the  aggregate  of  which  constitute  life.  It  is 
the  science  of  life.  It  is  divided  into  animal — Zuo- 
pJiysiologia,  or  Zoohiolog"ia ;  and  vegetable  — 
Phytophys{olog"ia,  or  Phytohiolog"ia,  according 
as  it  considers  the  life  of  animals  or  of  vegetables 
singly.  Comparative  physiology  comprises  both. 
Physiology  is,  also,  general  or  ipecial,  according 
as  it  treats  of  life  in  the  abstract  or  in  some  par- 
ticular species.  To  the  latter  belongs  the  Phy- 
siology of  Man, — called  also.  Hygienic  Physiology 
to  distinguish  it  from  Pathological  Physiology  or 
Pathology. 

Physiology,  Pathogenetic,  see  Pathogenetic. 

PHYSIONOMIA,  Physiognomy. 

PHYSIONOMIE  EGAREE,  see  Wild. 

PHYSIS,  Natiira,  Sex. 

PHYSOCE'LE,  Pneumafoce'le,  Hernia  vento'- 
sa ;  Osckeoce'le  Jlatulen'ta,  Emphyse'ma  Scroti, 
from  (pvcaoi,  'I  insufflate,'  and  Kri\rj,  'a  tumour.' 
An  emphysematous  tumour  of  the  scrotum  ;  pro- 
bably a  case  of  intestinal  hernia,  containing  much 
flatus. 

PHYSOCEPH' ALUS,  from  0«(Taai,  'I  inflate,' 
and  K£0aX»?,  '  the  head.'  (F.)  Physocephale.  Em- 
physematous tumefaction  of  the  head. 

PHYSOCffiLIA,  Tympanites. 

PHYSO'DES  ;  from  4ivt7ai2>,  '  I  inflate,'  and  tdoq, 
'resemblance.'  Full  of  air;  apparently  full  of 
air  —  applied  to  tumours,  &c. 

PHYSOME'TFvA,  Emphyse'ma  U'teri  seu  Ute- 
ri'num,  Hysterojjh'yse,  Hysteremphyse'ma,  Hys- 
tremj)hyse'ma,  Metremphyse'ma,  Injia'tio  U'teri, 
Tyni'ptany  of  the  Womb,  U'terine  tympani'tes, 
from  <ltvaaa>,  *I  inflate,'  and  firirpa,  'the  womb.' 
A  light,  tense,  circumscribed  protuberance  in  the 
hypogastrium,  obscurely  sonorous,  with  wind 
occasionally  discharged  through  the  os  uteri  with 
noise,  Hysteropsoph'ia,  ^dceopsoph'ia  uteri'na. 

PHYSON,  Flatulence. 

PHYSONCUS,  Emphysema. 

PHYSOPSOPH'IA;  from  (pvaaui,  'I  inflate,' 
and  -^oipos,  'a  noise.'  A  discharge  of  air  with 
noise. 

PHYSOSPASMUS,  Colica  flatulenta. 

PHYSOTHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

PHYTEL'EPHAS  MACROCAR'PA,  from 
cpvTov,  'a  plant,'  and  eAe^os,  'an  elephant.'  A  tree 
of  South  America,  called,  by  Willdenow,  Ele- 
phantu'sia,  the  dense  albumen  of  whose  unt, 
is  the  vegetable  ivory,  which  is  as  durable  and 
nearly  as  hard  as  the  ivory  of  the  elephant. 

PHYTIVOROUS,  Phytophagous. 

PHYTOALOPECIA,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

PHYTOBIOLOGIA,  see  Physiology. 

PHYTO-CHYMISTRY,  see  Chymistry. 

PHYTOLACCA  DECAN'DRA,  P.  vulgaris, 
Poke  Weed,  Amer'ican  night  shade.  Cancer  root, 
Poke,  Skoke,  Jacato  Calleloe  [?],  Jalap,  Pigeon 
Berry,  Jalap  cancer  root,  Sola'num  racemo'sum 
America' num  seu  magnum  Virginia' num  rubrum, 
Blitum  America' num,  Garget,  (F.)  Raisin  d'Ame- 


rique,  Phytolaqtte  d  dix  etamines,  Morelle  en 
grappes,  Mechoacan  du  Canada.  Ord.  Cheno- 
podeacas ;  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Decagynia;  from 
(pvTov,  'a  plant,'  and  lacca  ;  because  the  colour 
of  the  juice  of  the  berries  resembles  that  of  lacca. 
The  leaves,  berries,  and  roots  are  employed.  The 
young  stems,  when  boiled,  are  sometimes  eaten 
at  table ;  but  when  old,  they  must  be  cautiously 
used,  as  the  plant  is  emetic  and  cathartic.  It  is 
most  celebrated  as  a  remedy  in  chronic  rheuma- 
tism ;  and  is  given  in  the  form  of  tincture  of  the 
ripe  berries.  It  is,  also,  used  in  cutaneous  erup- 
tions; tinea  capitis,  itch,  cancerous  ulcers,  &c. 

The  root  is  gathered  and  dried  in  the  fall. 

PHYTOLAQUEA  DIX  ETA2IIXES,  Phy- 
tolacca  decandra. 

PHYTOLOGIA  MEDICA,  Botany,  medical. 

PHYTO-PARASITE,  Epiphyte. 

PHYTOPH'AGOUS,  Phytoph'ngus  ;  Phytiv'- 
orous,  Phytiv'orus ;  from  ^I'rov,  'a  plant,'  and 
(payij),  'I  eat.'  Feeding  or  subsisting  on  vege- 
tables. 

PHYTOPHYSIOLOGIA,  see  Physiology. 

PHYT0SPERM'ATA,(F.)P^yto8;;erOTe.9;from 
(pvrov,  'a  plant,'  and  wcpua,  'sperm.'  Particles 
similar  to  the  spermatozoids  of  animals,  observed 
in  vegetables,  and  presumed  to  possess  a  similar 
agency  in  reproduction. 

PHYTOTOMY,  see  Anatomy,  (vegetable.) 

PHYTOZOON,  Zoophyte. 

PIA  MATER,  Pia  seu  mollis  seu  ten'uis  Ma- 
ter, Pia  meninx,  Meninx  inte'rior  seu  vascnlo'sa 
seu  choro'i'des,  Inner  lam'ina  of  the  Meningine, 
(Ch.),  Memhra'na  vasculo'sa  Cer'ehri,  Jf.  Cer' - 
ebri  ten'uis  seu  mollis  seu  pro'pria,  (F.)  Pic 
mire,  Meningette.  The  pia  mater  is  a  very 
delicate  membrane,  which  covers  the  brain  im- 
mediately, penetrates  into  its  anfractuosities,  and 
envelops,  also,  the  cerebellum  and  the  spinal  prd- 
longation,  <fec.  Bichat  does  not  regard  it  as  a 
membrane,  properly  so  called,  but  as  a  net-work 
of  blood-vessels,  united  by  a  lax  areolar  tissue. 
The  Pia  Mater  exterior  is  the  portion  of  mem- 
brane which  covers  the  exterior  of  the  encepha- 
lon,  and  faces  the  arachnoid  externally.  The 
Pin  Mater  inferior  is  that  which  lines  the  cere- 
bral fossae,  into  which  it  pe'ttetrates  by  a  cleft 
situate  between  the  posterior  part  of  the  corpus 
callosum  and  the  fornix;  and  by  two  other  fis- 
sures, situate  between  the  corpora  fimbriata  and 
thalami  nervorum  optieorum.  The  pia  mater 
contains  a  great  number  of  granulations  similar 
to  the  Glandules  Pacchioni. 

Pia  Mater  Testis,  Tunica  vasculosa — -p.  Me- 
ninx, P.  Mater. 

PIAN,  Framboesia. 

PIANS,  MOTHER  OF,  Mama-pian. 

PIAR,  Fat. 

PIARH^'MIA,  Pmri-^tB'mm,  from  map,  'fat, 
and  'aijia,  'blood.'     Fat  in  the  blood.  —  Simon. 

PICA,  Malacia — p.  Africanorum,  Chthonopha- 
gia. 

PICAC,  Euphorbia  corollata. 

PICACISM'US,  Pica'tio,  from  /»>.  picis, 
'pitch.'  Depilation  by  means  of  a  pilch  plaster. 
Also,  Malacia. 

PICATIO,  Malacia,  Pieacismus. 

PICEA,  Pinus  abies. 

PICERO>s\  Butter. 

PICHU'RIM  BEANS.  The  seed,  Fnbn  PicJn,- 
rim.  F.  Pechu'rei,  Para  nut.  Sassafras  mif, 
Puxiri,  Brazil' ian  nutmeg,  of  a  tree,  supposed  to 
he'Perse'a  pichnrini,  Ocote'a  pichn'rim  seu  Pn- 
chury,  Tetranthe'ra  pich  urim,  Nectan'dra  puchury, 
Puchury  or  Paehyry  of  the  Brazilians,  Ord.  Lau- 
racoee,  which  grows  in  Brazil,  Guiana,  ^'enezuela, 
and  other  parts  of  South  America.  They  are  of 
an  elliptical  shape;  flat  on  one  side,  convex  on 
the  other;  of  an  aromatic  odour  between  that  of 


PICK 


712 


PILEUS 


nutmegs  and  sassafras,  and  of  a  spicy,  pungent 
taste.  The  medical  properties  are  tlie  same  as 
those  of  other  aromatics.  For  the  bark,  see  Pe- 
churim  cortex. 

PICK,  Emetic. 

PICKERELWEED,  SHOVEL,  Unisema  del- 
tifolia. 

PICO  TE,  Variola. 

PICOTEMENT,  Pricking. 

PICOTIN.  Arum  maculatum. 

PICRA.  Pulvis  aloes  et  canellse. 

PICR.^ENA  EXCELSA,  Quassia. 

PICRIA,  Bitterness. 

PICRIUM  SPICATUM,  Contoubea  alba. 

PICROCHOLOS.  Bilious. 

PI'CROMEL,  Bilw  ;  from  Tri/fpo?,  'bitter,' and 
l){\i,  'honey.'  A  name  given  by  Thenard  to  a 
colourless,  soft  substance,  of  an  acrid,  bitter,  sac- 
charine taste,  nauseous  smell,  and  very  soluble  in 
water,  which  is  considered  to  be  a  hiUite  of 
soda.  It  is  not  an  immediate  principle,  but  a 
mixture  of  different  substances.  It  forms  part  of 
the  bile,  and  is  generally  classed  amongst  the 
animal  immediate  principles. 

PICROPE'G^E,  Pikrope'gcB,  from  viKpo;,  'bit- 
ter,' and  nrjyr!,  'a  spring.'  Mineral  waters;  bit- 
ter from  the  presence  of  chloride  of  magnesium. 

PICROS,  Amarus. 

PICROTOX'INE,  Picrotox'ina,  Picrotox'in, 
from  TTiKpos.  '  bitter,'  and  toxicum,  '  poison.'  A 
vegetable  alkali,  discovered  by  M.  Boullay  in  the 
Menifpermum  Cncculus.  It  crj'stallizes  in  quad- 
rangular, white,  brilliant,  semitransparent  prisms; 
which  are  excessively  bitter,  soluble  in  three  parts 
of  alcohol,  and  in  fifreen  of  boiling  water. 

The  Cocculus  Indicus  owes  its  poisonous  pro- 
perties to  this  principle. 

PIE  31  ERE,  Pia  mater. 

PIE-MERITE,  Inflawma'tio  pia  matris.  A 
miserably  compounded  term,  employed  by  M.  Gri- 
solle,  to  express  inflammation  of  the  pia  mater  : — 
from  (F.)  2jie  were,  '  the  pia  mater,'  and  ite,  itis ; 
a  termination  denoting  inflammation. 

PIECE,  Hepatitis. 

PIECES  D'ANA  TOMIE  AE  TIFICIELLES, 
see  Artificial. 

PIED,  Pes— 7>.  d' Alexandre,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum —  p.  d'Alouette  des  champs,  Delphinium 
consolida — pi.  Hot,  see  Kyllosis — p.  de  Chat,  An- 
tennaria  dioiea — p.  de  Clieval  inarin,  Cornu  am- 
monis — p.  de  Griffon,  Gryphius  pes,  Helleborus 
foetidus — p>.  de  Lievre,  Arum  maculatum — p.  de 
Lion,  Alchemilla  —  p.  de  Lit,  Origanum — p. 
d'Ours,  Acanthus  mollis — p.  Plat,  see  Kyllosis 

—  p.  de  Vetni,  Arum  maculatum — ^j.  de  Veati 
triphylle.  Arum  triphyllum. 

PIEIRON,  Fat. 

PIERRE.  Calculus  — p.  d'Aigle,  iEtites  — 7;. 
d'Ainiant,  Magnet — p.  d'Aznr.  Lapis  lazuli — p. 
Calami II aire.  Calamine — p.  d  Cautere,  Potassa 
cum  ealce — p.  Divine,  Lapis  divinus — ^j.  d'Eere- 
vtsse,  Canerorum  chelae — p.  Liferriale,  Argenti 
nitras — p.  Judaiqiie,  Judseus  (lapis) — p.  au  Lait, 
Morochthus  —  p.  Medicamenteuse,  Medicaraento- 
sus  lapis — p.  Nephretiqiie,  JNephretieus  lapis — p. 
Ponce.  Pumex. 

PIERRES   CRAYEUSES,  Calculi,  arthritic 

—  p.  au  Fiel,  Calculi,  biliary — p.  Sfercorales, 
Calculus  of  the  Stomach  and  Intestines — p.  Uri- 
naires.  Calculi,  urinary. 

PTERREUX,  Petrous. 

PIESTER.  Press. 

PIESTERION,  Press. 

PIESTRON,  from  -uf«.  '  I  press.'  An  instru- 
ment recommended  by  Hippocrates  for  breaking 
the  bones  of  the  foetal  head  when  too  large  to  be 
extracted  otherwise. 

PIGAMON  J  A  VNATRE,  Thalictron. 


PIGEON  BERRY,  Phytolacca  decandra— p 
Breasted,  see  Lordosis — p.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 

PIGMENT  CELLS,  see  Cell,  pigment. 

PIGMEN'TAL,  Pigmen'tary,  Pigwenta'rius, 
(F.)  Pigmentaire,  from  pigmentiim,  [pingere,  pic- 
turn,  'to  paint,')  'paint.'  Having  relation  to  pig- 
ment or  colouring  matter. 

Pigmental  Appara'tus,  (F.)  Appareil  pig- 
mental. The  apparatus  concerned  in  the  colora- 
tion of  the  skin  of  the  coloured  varieties  of  man. 
—  Flourens. 

PIGMENTARIUS,  Apothecary,  Unguentarius. 

PIGMENTARY,  Pigmental  —  p.  Navi,  see 
Nffivus. 

PIGMENTUM,  Paint— p.  Indicum,  Indigo— 
p.  Nigrum,  see  Choroidea  tunica  —  p.  Uracu, 
Terra  Orleana. 

PIGMY,  Pygmy. 

PIGNEROLE,  Cantaurea  calcitrapa. 

PIGNON  DE  BARBARIE,  Jatropha  curcas 
— p.  d'Inde,  Jatropha  curcas — p.  d' hide,  petit, 
Croton  tiglium. 

PIGNUT,  Earthnut,  Groundnut.  The  bulbous 
root  oi  Bu'nium  Bidbocas'tanum.  Ord.  Umbelli- 
ferffi.  Called  pignuts,  from  the  fondness  of  the 
pig  for  them.  They  have  been  considered  to  pos- 
sess a  styptic  quality;  and  are  deemed  service- 
able in  atonic  affections  of  the  kidney.  —  Hooper. 

Pignut,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

PIG'S  FLARE,  Adeps  suillus. 

PIKROPEG^,  Picropegffl. 

PIKRY,  Pulvis  aloes  et  canellae. 

PILA,  Sphmra,  Palla,  -KaXXa,  Ball.  A  gym- 
nastic exercise,  much  used  by  the  ancients  as 
well  as  moderns. — Galen.  Also,  a  mortar  and  a 
pestle  — Ac' one. 

PiLA,  Mortar,  Pillar  —  p.  Damarum,  ^gagro- 
pila — p.  Rupicaprarum,  .^gagropila. 

PiLA  Mari'na,  SphcBra  Marina  sen  Thalas'sia, 
Haleyo'nium  rotun'dum,  (F.)  Pelote  de  3Ier,  Zos- 
tere,  Algue  marine,  A.  comnuine  ou  des  Verriers. 
Certain  light,  round,  depressed,  or  oblong  masses 
— inodorous  and  insipid — in  which  rushes,  hairs, 
and  the  debris  of  shells  are  met  with.  These  are 
found  on  the  sea-shores,  and  have  been  regarded 
by  Spielmann  as  consisting  chiefly  of  the  roots 
of  the  Zoste'ra  3Iari'na  seu  Marit'ima,  Alga 
Mari'na,  (Big  tangles,  Ware,  Wair,  Sea-ware,) 
Phvcagros'tis  minor.  Iodine  is  detected  in  the 
ashes,  which  accounts  for  their  success  in  goitre. 
They  have,  also,  been  given  as  a  vermifuge. 

PILA  IRE,  Pileous. 

PILAR,  Pileous. 

PILAR  E  MALUM,  Trichosis. 

PILA'TIO,  from  pilus,  'a  hair.'  Fracture  of 
the  cranium  in  which  the  fissure  is  narrow,  and 
has  the  appearance  of  a  hair — a  cap' illary  fissure, 
(F. )  Fente  capillaire. 

PILE,  Hair. 

PI'LEA  PU'MILA,  from  ^jiZfis,  '  a.  hah,' pilo- 
sits,  'hairy.'  Richweed,  Clearweed,  Coolweed/ 
indigenous;  Order,  Urticaeeas ;  flowering  from 
July  to  September;  has  been  used  as  a  wash  in 
poisoning  by  Rhus.  It  has  a  strong,  grateful 
smell. 

PILEOLUM,  Calotte. 

PILEOLUS,  Caul,  Pileus, 

PI'LEOUS,  Pilo'sus,  Pilose,  Pilous,  Pilar,  (F.) 
Pileux,  Pilaire,  from  pilus,  'a  hair.'  That  which 
relates  to  the  hair.     Hairy. 

PiLEOos  System  of  Bichat  is  that  formed  by 
the  hair.  It  comprises  the  different  species  of 
hair  of  the  human  body. 

PILES,  BLIND,  CajcEB  hamorrhoides,  see 
Hsemorrhois. 

PILEUS,  'a  hat,  cap,  or  bonnet  for  the  head.' 
Pile'nlus.  A  shield.  A  nipple-like  instrument, 
formed  of  various  materials,  and  used  by  females 


FILEUX 


713 


PILL 


for  protecting  the  nipple  during  the  child's  suck- 
ing, when  the  part  is  painful.     Also,  a  caul. 

PiLEUs,  Cucupha  —  p.  Hippocraticus,  Bonnet 
d'Hipjyocrate. 

PILEUX,  Pileous. 

PILEWORT,  Ranunculus  acris,  and  R.  ficaria. 

PILI  CAPITIS,  see  Capillus  — p.  Cutis,  La- 
nugo—  p.  Palpebrarum,  Cilia  —  p.  Pudendorum, 
Pubes. 

FILTER,  Pillar. 

PILIF'EROUS,  Pi'lifer,  from  piliis,  'a  hair,' 
and  fei-o,  'I  bear.'  Pile  or  hair  bearing,  —  as  a 
'^piliferoHS  cyst,' — one  containing  hair.' 

PILIMICTIO,  see  Trichiasis. 

PILL,  Pilula — p.  Abernethy's,  see  Pilulie  hy- 
drargyri — p.  of  Aloes  and  Gamboge,  Pilulfe  aloes 
et  cambogise — p.  of  Aloes  and  cinchona,  Pilulje 
aloes  et  kinse  kinas  —  p.  of  Aloes  and  coloc3'nth, 
PilulEe  aloes  et  colocynthidis  —  p.  of  Aloes  and 
fetid  gums,  Pilulse  de  aloe  et  foetidis — p.  of  Aloes 
and  ginger,  Pilulse  aloes  et  zingiberis  —  p.  of 
Aloes  and  iron,  Pilulas  aloes  et  ferri  —  p.  Aloes 
and  myrrh,  Pilulse  aloes  et  myrrhas — p.  Aloetic, 
Pilula?  aloeticae  —  p.  Aloetic  and  assafoetida,  Pi- 
lulse aloes  et  assafoetidee  —  p.  Aloetic,  compound, 
Pilulse  aloes  compositee  —  p.  of  Ammoniuret  of 
copper,  Pilulse  ammoniureti  cupri — p.  Analeptic, 
James's,  see  Analeptica  —  p.  Anderson's,  see  Pi- 
lulse aloes  et  jalapge — p.  Anodyne,  Pilulse  opiatse 
— p.  Antibilious,  Barclay's,  Pilulas  antibiliosas — 
p.  Antibilious,  Dixon's,  Pilulas  antibiliosee  —  p. 
Asiatic,  Pilulas  Asiaticse  —  p.  Assafetida,  Pilulse 
Assafoetidse — p.  Bacher's,  Pilulas  ex  helleboro  et 
myrrha — p.  Barbarossa's,  Barbarossse  pilulas — p. 
Barthez's,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  myrrhse. 

Pill,  Blair's.  An  empirical  preparation  of 
colchicum,  much  used  in  England  in  cases  of 
gout. 

Pill,  Blaud's.  These  pills,  proposed  by  M. 
Blaud  as  antiehlorotic,  are  formed  as  follows  :  — 
Take  of  giim  tragaeanth,  in  powder,  six  grains  ; 
water,  one  drachm.  Macerate  in  a  glass  or  por- 
celain mortar,  until  a  thick  mucilage  is  formed, 
and  if  it  be  desired  to  prevent  the  formation  of 
peroxide  of  iron,  and  to  make  the  pill  similar  to 
those  of  Vallet,  substitute  a  drachm  of  powdered 
sugar  for  the  mucilage.  Add  afterwards  of  sul- 
phate of  iron,  in  powder,  half  an  ounce.  Beat 
well  until  the  mi.Kture  is  homogeneous,  and  add 
auhcarhonate  of  lootassa,  half  an  ounce.  Beat  un- 
til the  mass  becomes  of  a  deep-green  colour,  and 
of  a  soft  consistence.  Divide  into  48  [?]  pills. 
Dose,  one  a  day;  gradually  increasing  to  two, 
and  afterwards  to  three. 

Pill,  Bluk,  Pilulas  hydrargyri — p.  Brandreth's, 
Pilulse  aloes  et  cambogi*  —  p.  Calomel,  Pilulse 
hydrargyri  chloridi  mitis- — p.  Calomel,  compound, 
Pilulee  hydrargyri  submuriatis  coinpositEe  —  p. 
Calomel  and  opium,  Pilulse  calomelanos  et  opii — 
p.  Camboge,  Pilulge  cambogise  compos. — p.  Gam- 
boge, compound,  Pilulse  cambogise  compositse  — 
p.  of  Carbonate  of  iron,  Pilula  ferri  carbonatis — 
p.  Cathartic,  compound,  Pilulse  catharticse  com- 
positse — p.  of  Colocynth  and  henbane,  Pilulas  co- 
locynthidis et  hyoscyami — p.  of  Colocynth,  com- 
pound, Pilulse  colocynthidis  compositse — p.  Com- 
mon, Pilulas  aloes  et  myrrhse — p.  of  ammoniated 
Copper,  Pilulfe  cupri  ammoniati  —  p.  of  Digitalis 
and  squill,  Pilulse  digitalis  et  scillse  —  p.  Dinner, 
see  PiluliB  aloes  et  kinse  kinse,  and  Pilulse  rhej. 

Pill,  Dinner,  of  Mr.  Mayo.  This  is  composed 
of  P.  Rhej.  gr.  iv  :   SodcB  Carb.  gr.  j. 

Pill,  Everlast'ing.  A  pill  once  in  vogue, 
and  said  to  be  composed  of  metallic  antimony. 
It  was  believed  to  have  the  property  of  purging 
as  often  as  it  was  swallowed.  A  lady  having 
swallowed  one  of  these  pills,  became  seriously 
alarmed  at  its  not  passing.  "Madam,"  said  her 
physician,    "fear   not;    it    has    already   passed 


through  a  hundred  patients  without  any  diffi- 
culty."—  Paris. 

Pill,  Female,  Pilulse  de  aloe  et  fcetidis  —  p. 
Ferruginous,  of  Vallet,  see  Ferri  protocarbonas 
— p.  Fothergill's,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  colocynthidis 
• — -p.  Frank's,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  kinse  kinse — p. 
Fuller's,  see  Pilulas  de  aloe  et  foetidis — p.  Gal- 
banum,  compound,  Pilulas  galbani  compositse  — 
p.  GriflSth's,  Pilule  ferri  composite — p.  GrifBtt's, 
see  Pilulse  rhej  compositsB — p.  Gum,  Pilulse  gal- 
bani compositse — p.  Harvey's,  Pilulse  aloes  et  co- 
locynthidis—  p.  of  Hellebore  and  myrrh,  Pilulse 
ex  helleboro  et  myrrha  —  p.  of  Hemlock,  com- 
pound, Pilulse  conii  compositse— p.  Hooper's,  see 
Pilulse  aloes  et  myrrhse  —  p.  of  Iodide  of  iron, 
Pilulse  ferri  iodidi  —  p.  of  Ipecacuanha  and 
opium,  Pilulse  ipecacuanhce  et  opii — p.  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha and  squill,  Pilulse  ipeeacuanbse  cum  scilla 

—  p.  of  sulphate  of  Iron,  Pilulse  ferri  sulphatis 
— p.  James's  Analeptic,  see  Analeptica — p.  Key- 
ser's,  see  Hydrargyrus  acetatus  —  p.  Lady  Cres- 
pigny's,  Pilulse  aloes  et  kinse  kinse  —  p.  Lady 
Hesketh's,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  kinse  kinse  —  p. 
Lady  Webster's,  Pilulse  aloes  et  kinse  kinse. 

Pill,  Lartigue's,  PiUulm  Col'chici  et  Digi- 
ta'lis,  (F.)  Pilules  de  Lartigue.  [Jjxt.  Coloe.  c. 
Jss ;  Ext,  Sem,  Oolchic,  alcoholic,  Extract.  Dig- 
ital, alcoholic,  aa  gr.  iss;  f.  massa  in  pilul.  x  di- 
vidend.) Dose,  two,  three,  or  more,  in  the  24 
hours,  in  gout,  until  purging  is  induced. 

This  is  a  form  that  has  been  employed  as  a 
substitute  for  the  Pilules  de  Lartiyue,  the  compo- 
sition of  which  is  not  known.  M.  Bouchardat  re- 
commends for  the  same  purpose  a  combination 
of  Extractum  colucyntJiidis  cotiqjositum,  Extractum 
colchici  and  Extractum  oj^ii,  which  is  almost 
identical  with  pills  prescribed  by  Sir  Henry  IIol- 
ford  for  the  gout;  the  onlj'  difference  being,  that 
the  latter  substitutes  Dover's  liowder  for  the  Ex- 
tractum opii. 

Pill,  Opiate,  of  Lead,  Pilulas  plumbi  opiatae. 

Pill,  Lee's  New  London,  is  composed  of 
scammony,  gamboge,  calomel,  jalap,  aloes,  soap 
and  syrup  of  buckthorn. 

Pill,  Lee's  Windham,  consists  of  gamboge, 
aloes,  soap  and  nitrate  of  p)otassa. 

Pill  Machine,  Pilulier  —  -p.  Matthews's,  see 
Pilulse  ex  helleboro  et  myrrha  —  p.  Mercurial, 
Pilulse-  hydrargyri — p.  of  mild  chloride  of  Mer- 
cury, Pilulffi  hydrargyri  chloridi  mitis  —  p.  Mof- 
fat's, Pilulse  aloes  et  cambogise — p.  Morrison's, 
Pilulas  aloes  et  cambogise,  see  Pilulse  cambogise 
compositse — p.  Moseley's,  Pilulas  rhej  compositse 

—  p.  Night,  common,  Pilulse  opiatse — p.  Opiate, 
Pilulse  opiatse  —  p.  Peter's,  see  Pilulas  aloes  et 
cambogise — p.  Plunimer's,  Pilulse  hydrargyri  sub- 
muriatis compositse  —  p.  of  sulphate  of  Quinia, 
Pilulas  quinias  sulphatis — p.  Pv,ed,  Pilulse  hydrar- 
gyri submuriatis  compositse — p.  Red,  Boerhaave's, 
see  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubruui — p.  of  P>,hu- 
barb,  Pilulas  rhej  —  p.  of  Rhubarb,  compound, 
Pilula3  rhei  compositse — p.  Rudius's,  Pilulse  aloes 
et  colocynthidis  —  p.  Rufus's,  Pilulse  aloes  et 
myrrhas  —  p.  Rush's,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  cam- 
bogise—  p.  Scotch,  Pilulse  de  aloe  et  foetidis — p. 
of  Soap  and  opium,  Pilulse  saponis  cum  opio— p. 
Speediman's,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  myrrhse  —  p. 
Squatting,  Pilulas  opiatas  —  p.  Squill,  compound, 
Pilulse  scillse  compositas  —  p.  Stahl's,  see  Pilulse 
de  aloe  et  foetidis  —  p.  Starkey's,  see  Pilulse  ex 
helleboro  et  myrrha  —  p.  Stomachic,  see  Pilulse 
aloes  et  kinas  kinse,  and  Pilulse  rhej  —  p.  Storax, 
Pilulse  e  styrace — p.  of  Strychnia,  Pilulse  strych- 
nias  —  p.  of  Submuriate  of  mercury,  compound, 
Pilulse  hydrargyri  submuriatis  compositas  —  p. 
Tanjore,  Pilulse  Asiaticse — p.  Turpentine,  Pilulse 
de  terebinthina  —  p.  Vallet's,  see  Ferri  protocar- 
bonas, and  Pilulse  ferri  carbonatis — p.  Webster's, 


PILLAR 


714 


PILUL.E 


Pilulas  aloes  et  kin^  kinae  —  p.  Whytt's,  see  Pi- 
lulse  de  aloe  et  foetidis. 

PILLAR,  Pi'la,  Colum'na,  Columel'la,  (F.) 
Pilier.  A  name  given  to  several  parts;  as  the 
pillars  of  the  velum  palati,  diaphragm,  <fcc. 

PILLULA,  Pilula. 

PILNA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  see 
Pullna. 

P/iOiV,  Pilum. 

PILOSELLA,  Hieracium  pilosella — d.  Alpina, 
Hieracium  pilosella. 

PILOSUS,  Pileous, 

PILOUS,  Pileous. 

PIL'ULA,  Pill'ula,  plural  Pil'ulcB.  Diminu- 
tive o(  pila,  'a  ball.'  Sphmrid'ion,  Catapo'tioit, 
Catop'otum,  Catapo'tia,  Sp>h(B'rion,  Gonyyl'ion, 
Gon'gylis,  Gongylid'ium,  Sphae'rida  Gale'ni.  A 
pill.  (F.)  Pilule.  A  simple  or  compound  medi- 
cine, weighing  from  one  to  five  grains,  of  a  firm 
consistence  and  spherical  form;  intended  to  be 
swallowed  at  once,  without  chewing.  The  Pill 
diflers  from  the  Bolus,  the  latter  being  softer  and 
larger. 

Medicines  are  often  given  in  the  form  of  pill, 
on  account  of  their  disagreeable  taste  and  odour. 
Pilula,  also,  means  a  Pilular  mass. 

PILULE  EX  ALOE,  P.  aloes  composite— p. 
de  Aloe  et  cambogia,  P.  aloes  et  cambogiaB. 

Pilule  Aloes,  P.  Aloet'ico'.  seu  ex  Aloe  et 
Sapo'ne,  Aloet'ic  Pill,  (F.)  Pilules  d'aloes  ou  alo- 
6tiques,  [Aloes  in  pulv. ;  saponis.  sing,  ^j  ;  syr. 
q.  s.  to  form  240  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gr.  x. 
to  XX,  in  habitual  costiveness. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Assafce'tid^,  Aloetic  and 
Assafietida  Pills.  (Aloes,  assafcetidce,  saponis, 
sing,  ^ss;  aqu<s,  q.  s.  to  form  ISO  pills. — Ph.  U. 
S.)     Purgative  and  stomacic.     Dose,  gr.  x. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Cambo'gi^,  P.  de  Aloe  et 
Cambo' gid  seu  Hydrago'gm  Bon'tii,  Pill  of  Aloes 
and  Gamboge.  (Aloes,  camhog.,  gum.  ammoniac, 
aa  p.  se.  Make  into  a  powder.  Dissolve  in  vine- 
gar; pass  through  a  cloth;  express  the  residuum 
strongly ;  and  afterwards  evaporate,  in  a  water- 
bath,  to  a  pilular  consistence. — Ph.  P.)  Purga- 
tive ;  used  in  dropsy.     Dose,  gr.  xij  to  xxx. 

Peter's  Pills, — a  nostrum — are  formed  of  aloes, 
jalap,  scammony,  and  camboge,  of  each  equal 
parts. 

The  basis  of  Morrison's  Pills,  often  called  Hy~ 
giene  Pills,  of  Brandreth's  Pills,  and  Moffat's 
Pills,  is  said  to  be  aloes,  with  camboge,  scam- 
mony, &c. 

Rush's  Pills  were  formed  of  calomel,  aloes,  and 
camboge,  with  oil  of  mint. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Colocyn'thidis,  P.  ex  Co- 
locynth'ide  cum  aloe  seu  Aloes  cum  Golocynthide 
seu  coc'eixcB  sencoc'chii  seu  colocyn'thidis  compos'- 
itcB  seu  coc'ciep.  mino'res,  Pill  of  Aloes  and  Colo- 
cynth.,  (F.)  Pilules  jianchi/mogogues  ou  nniversel- 
les,  Pilules  coche.es.  (Pulp,  coloc.  §ss;  cdoes 
hepat.,  scammon.  aa  ^j  ;  sapon.  ^ij  ;  ol.  caryopjh. 
3J;  syrup,  q.  s. — Ph.  D.)  Cathartic.  Dose,  gr. 
T  to  X  <ir  more. 

Foth'ergill's  Pills  consist  of  aloes,  scammony, 
colocynth,  and  oxide  of  antimony  ;  and  Harvey's 
AntibiUous  Pills,  and  Radius's  Pills  do  not  dif- 
fer much  from  them. 

PiLUL/E  Aloes  Compos'itje,  P.  ex  Aloe,  Com- 
pound Aloetic  Pills.  (Aloes  spic.  extract,  cont. 
5J  ;  ext.  (jentiancE,  ^ss  ;  olei  carui,  gtt.  xl ;  syr. 
q.  s. — Ph.  L.)  These  are  sometimes,  also,  called 
Family  pills,  AntihiliouK  pills,  &e. 

PlUJL.ii;  Alobs  et  Ferri,  Pills  of  aloes  and 
Iron.  (Ferri  sulphat.  p.  iij  ;  Aloes  Barbad.  p. 
^j;  Pulv.  arom.  p.  v j  ;  Oonserv.  Rosce,  p.  viij. — 
Ph.  Ed. )  In  atonic  constipation.  Dose,  one  to 
three  pills. 

PiLULiE  DE  Aloe  et  Fce'tidis,  P.  Benedic'tw 


Fulleri  seu  Ecphrac'ticcB  seu  Aloes  martia'les, 
Pills  of  aloes  and  fetid  gums,  Female  pills,  (F.) 
Pilules  henites  de  Fuller.  (Aloes  socotr.,  senncB, 
assafoetidce,  galhani,  aa  ^ij  i  myrrh,  ^iv  ;  eroei, 
macis,  aa  3J  ;  /er^-i  sulphat.  giss.  Reduce  to 
powder  separately,  and  add  ol.  siiccin.  gtt.  viij  ; 
syr.  artemisicB,  q.  s.  —  Ph.  P.)  Purgative,  and 
given  in  hysteria.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xx. 

Whyil's  Pills,  given  in  similar  cases,  consisted 
of  chloride  of  iron,  aloes,  extract  of  horehouud, 
and  assafoetida. 

Stahl's  Pills,  much  used  as  a  tonic  aperient  in 
Germany,  are  made  as  follows: — Ferri  pulv.,  ^ss; 
Aloes  pulv.,  ^ij;  Ext.  colcynth.,  ^j  ;  mucilag. 
acacia  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil  xl. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Jalap'^,  commonly  called 
Anderson's  pills,  Anderson's  Scots'  p>ills,  Scotch 
pills.  (Aloes  Barbad.  Tbj  ;  rad.  helleb.  nigr., 
rod.  jalapcB,  potasscR  subcarb.  aa  2;j  >  "^-  «"'•'"'> 
Jiv  ;  syrup,  simpl.  q.  s.  —  Gray.)  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  xxx. 

A  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following:  Aloes  Bnr- 
badens.  ^^xxiv;  saponis.  ^iv;  coloci/nthid.  ^j ; 
canibogicB,  §j  ;  ol.  anis.  f  3ss. 

PiLUL.E  Aloes  et  KiNjE  Kinje,  P.  stomach'iecB 
seu  ante  cibum.  Pill  of  aloes  and  cinchona,  (¥.) 
Pilules  gourmandes.  (Aloes  socotr.  ^vj ;  ext.  cin^ 
cAojl.  3'y  j  cinnam.  '7,y,  syrup,  absinth,  q.  s. — 
Ph.  P.)     Stomachic  and  laxative.     Dose,  gr.  x. 

to  XX. 

Lady  Crespigny's  pills.  Lady  Webster's  pills. 
Lady  Hesketh's  pills;  the  Pilides  de  Duchesne, 
(Quercetanus),  the  Grains  de  Vie  ou  Pilules  de 
Clerambourg  ;  the  Pilules  Indiennes  stomachiques 
de  De  la  Croix,  the  Pilules  de  Barbier,  and  the 
Pilulce  stomach' iccB  Mesues  (Ph,  L.  1635),  resem.- 
ble  these. 

Frank's  2nlls,  much  employed,  also,  as  'dinner 
pills,'  or,  — to  use  the  language  of  the  eccentric 
Kitchener — as  'peptic  persuaders,'  are  said  to 
be  much  used,  under  the  name  Graines  de  sante, 
in  various  parts  of  Europe.  They  consist  of 
aloes,  jalap),  and  rhubarb,  with  syrup>  of  worm- 
wood as  an  excipient. 

Pilule  Aloes  Martiales,  P.  de  aloe  et  foe- 
tidis. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Myrrhs,  P.  aloes  cnm  myr- 
rhd  seu  de  aloe  et  myrrhd,  P.  Rufi  seu  Ruffi  seu 
commu'nes,  Rufus's  or  Ruffus's  jiilh.  Common 
pills,  Pills  of  Aloes  and  myrrh.  (Aloes,  ^^ij  ;  croci, 
in  pulv.  §ss;  myrrh,  ^j  :  syr.  q.  s.  to  form  480 
pills. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic  and  emmenagogue. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Hooper's  pills  —  possessed  of  similar  properties 
—  according  to  one  of  Gray's  formulae  are  made 
as  follows:  Ferri  sulph.,  aqncB,  aa  §viij.  Dis- 
solve. Add  afoe«  i?o)-6c[(^.  ftij  and  ^  viij  ;  canel- 
Ice  albcB,  ^vj  ;  gum.  myrrh,  ^ij  ;  opojianacis,  ^\v. 
The  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form:  Aloes 
Barbadensis,  ^viij  ;  ferri  sulphatis  exsiccat.  ,^ij, 
and  ,^iss,  vel  ferri  sulph.  crystall.  ^iv  ;  ext.  hel- 
leb. in'gr.  ^ij  :  myrrh,  ,^ij  ;  saponis,  ^ij;  canellcB, 
in  pulv.  trita3,  ^j  ;  zingib.  in  pulv.  trit.  ^j. 

Speediman's  pills  consist  of  aloes,  myrrh,  rhu- 
barb, extract  of  chamomile,  and  essential  oil  of 
chamomile ;  and  the  Pills  of  Barthez,  of  aloes, 
myrrh,  mrisk,  camp)hor,  and  balsam  of  Peru,  » 

Pilule  de  Aloe  et  Sapone,  P.  aloeticas. 

PiuiLjE  Aloes  cum  Zingib'ere,  Pills  of  aloes 
and  ginger.  (Aloes  hepat.  ^j  ;  rad.  zingib.  in 
pulv.  !5j  i  sapon.  Hispan.  ,^ss;  ol.  ess.  vientha  pip. 
3ss. — Ph.  D.)  In  habitual  costiveness.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  xx. 

PiLUL^j  Ammoniure'ti  Cupri,  p.  Cu'pri,  Pills 
of  Annuo' niuret  of  copiper,  (F.)  Pilules  d'ammo- 
niure  de  cnivre.  (Ammonivr.  cnpri,  in  pulv.  ten. 
trit.,  gr.  xvj  ;  unices  pcun's,  Qiv;  aqum  carbotiatia 


PILULE 


15 


PILUL.E 


ammonicB,  q.  s.  Beat  into  a  mass,  and  divide  into 
sxxij  pills. — Ph.  E.)  Tonic  and  antispasmodic, 
in  epilepsy,  Ac.  Dose,  one  pill  twice  daily; 
gradually  increasing  the  dose. 

PiluljB  Ante  Cibum,  P.  aloes  et  kinse  kinae. 
Pilule  Antibilio's^s:,  Barclay's  Antihil'ious 
pills.  {Extract  of  colocynth,  ^'j  ;  resin  of  jalap. 
^j  ;  almond  soap,  ^iss  ;  giiaiac,  ^iij  ;  emetic  tart. 
gr.  viij  ;  oils  of  juniper,  carraway,  and  rosemary, 
aa  iv  drops ;  syrvp  of  buckthorn,  q.  s.  to  form  64 
pills.)     Dose,  two  or  three. 

Dixon's  Antihilious  pills  are  formed  of  aloea, 
scammony,  rhubarb,  and  tartarized  antimony. 

Pilule  Antiherpeticj!;,  Pilulse  hydrargyri 
submuriatis  comp. — p.  Antihystericae,  P.  galbani 
compositte. 

Pilule  Antiscrophulo'sj!:,  P.  ex  ox'ido  stib'ii 
et  hydrar'gyri  sulphure'to  nigro  eompos'itcB.  {P. 
scammon.,  hydrarg.  sulphur,  nigr.  aa  5ij;  anti- 
monii  oxidi  albi,  millejjed.,  sapon.  amygdalin.  aa 
^\\y,  extract,  glycyrrh.  ^v.  Make  into  a  mass. 
— Ph.  P.)     Dose,  gr.  iv  to  xx. 

Pilule  Antispastic^,  P.  galbani  compositae 
—  p.  Assafcetidae  compositae,  P.  galbani  compo- 
sitae. 

PlLDL-B  Asiat'iCjE,  Asiat'ic  or  Tanjore  pills. 
[Acid,  arsenios.  gr.  Iv ;  piper,  jn'^r.  pulv.,  '^\yi; 
acacicB,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  800.  Each  pill  contains 
about  one-fifteenth  of  a  grain  of  arsenious  acid.. 
These  pills  are  employed  in  India  for  the  cure  of 
syphilis  and  elephantiasis. 

PILTJLJ5  Assafce'tid^,  Assafet'ida  ])ills.  (As- 
eafoetid.  ^iss;  saponis,  ^^ss.  Beat  with  toater  so 
as  to  form  a  mass  to  be  divided  into  240  pills. — 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

PiluLjE  Balsam'ic^,  P.  Docto'ris  Morton. 
(Milleped.  pulverisat.  ,^xviij  ;  gum  arnmon.  ^xj  ; 
acid,  benzoic,  ^vj  ;  croci,  balsami  Peruv.  aa  ^J  ! 
balsam,  sulph.  anisat.  ,^vj.  Mix. — Ph.  P.)  Tonic, 
expectorant,  and  balsamic. 

PiLUL.E  Benedictje  Fulleri,  p.  de  aloe  et 
foetidis. 

FihVLJE  Calomelanos  Composite,  P.  Hydrar- 
gyri submuriatis  compositae. 

Pilule  CALOAfKL'ANos  et  Opii,  P.  Hydrar'- 
gyri chlor'idi  et  o'pii,  Pills  of  Calomel  and  Opium. 
(Hydrarg.  chlorid.  mit.  p.  iij  ;  Opii  p.  j  ;  Confect. 
Ros.  q.  s.  To  be  divided  into  pills  each  contain- 
ing two  grains  of  calomel. — Ph.  Ed.) 

PilitLjB  Cambo'gi^  Compos'it^,  P.  de  guttd 
gaman'drd  seu  hydrago'gcp,  seu  gnmmi  guttcB  aloet'- 
iccB,  G.amboge  jiills,  Compoxmd  camboge  pi/Is,  (F.) 
Piltdes  de  gorame  gutte  composees.  (CamhogicB 
eontritcB,  aloes  spicat.  extract,  contriti.,  pidv.  cin 
nam.  eomp.  sing,  ^j  ;  saponis,  ^ij. — Ph.  L.)  Ca- 
thartic.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Morrison's  Pills  are  said  by  Dr.  Paris  to  be 
nothing  more  than  the  above,  with  the  addition 
of  a  small  portion  of  cream  of  tartar. 

Pil'ul^  Cathar'ticje  Compos'it^,  Compound 
cathartic  pills.  {Ext.  colocynth.  comp.  in  pulv. 
§ss  ;  ext.  jalapcB  in  pulv.,  hydrarg.  chlorid.  mit. 
aa  5'y  '  gambog.  in  pulv.  ^ij.  M.  Form  into  a 
mass  with  water,  and  make  into  180  pills. — Ph. 
U.  S.)     Three  for  a  dose. 

Pilule  Cocchii,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis  —  p. 
Cocciae  minores,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis  —  p. 
Coccinae,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis  —  p.  Colchici 
•  et  digitalis,  P.  Lartigue's — p.  Colocynthidis  com- 
positaa,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis — p.  ex  Colocyn- 
thide  cum  aloe,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis. 

PiluLjB  Colocynth'idis  et  Hyoscy'ami,  Pills 
ef  Colocynth  and  Henbane.  {Pil.  Colocynth. 
comp.  p.  ij ;  Ext.  Hyoseyam.  p.  i. — -Ph.  B.)  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  gr.  XX. 

PiLULiE  Communes,  P.  aloes  et  myrrhae. 
PiluLjE  Conii  Compos'iTjE,  Compound  Pill  of 
Hemlock.    {Ext.  Conii  J^v;  Ipecac,  pulv.  ^j  ;  The- 
riac.  q.  s. — Ph,  L.)  Dose,  gr.  v  three  times  a  day. 


PiLULiE  CuPRi,  P.  ammoniureti  cupri. 
Pilule  Copa'iBjE,  Pills  of  Copaiba.  {Copaib. 
^ij;  magnesicB,  recente  praepar.  3J-  Mix,  and 
set  aside  till  it  concretes  into  a  pilular  mass,  to 
be  divided  into  200  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Each  pill 
contains  nearly  five  grains  of  copaiba.  Two  to 
six  for  a  dose. 

Pilule  Cupri  Ammonia'ti,  Pj'Z^s  of  ammo' ni- 
ated  Copper.  {Cupri  ammon.  in  pulv.  p.  j  ;  micee 
panis,  p.  vj  ;  Liq.  ammon.  carbonat.  q.  s. —  Ph. 
E.)     Dose,  one  to  sis  pills. 

PiLULJE  de  Cynoglos'so,  P.  de  extrac'to  o'pii. 
{Pulv.  rad.  cynogloss.,  semin.  hyoseyam.  alb.,  ex- 
tract, opii  vinos,  aa  ^\Y  ;  pulv.  myrrh.  Jvj  ;  oliban. 
^v ;  croci,  castor.,  aa  3-'^^  >  syruj}  ojjii,  q.  s.  — 
Ph.  P.)  Anodyne.  In  cough,  &c.  Dose,  gr.  iv 
to  gr.  viij. 

Pjlul^  Depurantes,  p.  hydrargyri  submu- 
riatis compos. 

Pilule  Digita'lis  et  Scill^,  Pills  of  Digi- 
talis and  Squill.  {Digital.,  Scillce,  aa  p.  j; 
Elect,  aromat.  p.  ij. — Ph.  E.)  One  or  two  pills 
for  a  dose. 

Pilule  Ecphractic^,  P.  de  aloe  et  foetidis. 
Pilule  Ferri  Carbona'tis,  Pills  of  carbonate 
of  iron,  Vallet's  pills,  Vallet's  ferru'givous  p>ills. 
{Ferri  sulph.  5  viij  ;  sodee  carbonat.  ^x  ;  3/el. 
despumat.  ^iij  ;  sacchar.  ^ij  ;  aqucB  bullientis,  Oij  ; 
syrup,  q.  s.  Dissolve  the  sulphate  of  iron  and 
carbonate  of  soda,  each  in  a  pint  of  the  water, 
and  to  each  solution  add  a  fluidounce  of  syrup; 
then  mix  the  two  solutions  in  a  bottle  just  large 
enough  to  contain  them ;  close  it  accurately  with 
a  stopper,  and  set  it  by,  that  the  carbonate  of 
iron  may  subside.  Pour  off  the  liquid,  and  having 
washed  the  precipitate  with  warm  water,  sweet- 
ened with  syrup  in  the  proportion  of  f^^j  of  the 
latter  to  Oj  of  the  former,  until  the  washings  no 
longer  have  a  saline  taste,  place  it  upon  a  flannel 
cloth,  and  express  as  much  water  as  possible  ; 
then  mix  it  with  the  honey  and  sugar.  Lastly, 
heat  the  mixture  in  a  water-bath,  until  it  attains 
a  pilular  consistence.  — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Pilule  Ferri  Compos'it^e.  P.  ferri  cum  viyr- 
rhd.  Compound  pills  of  iro7i,  Griffith's  Pills,  (F.) 
Pilules  de  fer  composees.  {3Iyrrh,  in  pulv.  ^'j  i 
soda  suhcarh.,  ferri  sulph.  aa  ^j  ;  syrup,  q.  s. 
Mix,  to  form  SO  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Tonic.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  XX. 

Pilule  Ferri  Iod'idi,  Pills  of  Iodide  of  iron. 
{Ferri  sulphat.  ^j  ;  Potass,  iodid.  Qiv  ;  traga- 
canth.  pulv.  gr.  x;  sacchar.  pulv.  3^ss.  Beat  with 
syrup  into  a  mass,  to  form  40  pills. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  one  fo  three  where  a  tonic  and  eutrophic 
is  indicated. 

PiLULiE  Ferri  cum  Myrrha,  P.  Ferri  compo- 
sitae. 

Pilule  Ferri  Sulpha'tis,  Pills  of  Sulphate 
of  Iron.  {Ferri  sidph.  exsicc.  p.  ij  ;  Ext.  Taraxac. 
p.  V  ;  Conserv.  Roscp.  p.  ij  ;  Glycyrrhiz.  pulv.  p. 
iij.— Ph.  E.)     Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr.  xx. 

PiLULJE  Fcetii)^,  p.  galbani  compositae. 
PiluLjE  Gal'bani  Compos'iTjE,  P.  assafoetidm 
compos'ita  sen  foe' tidce  seu  giimmo'scB  seu  e  gummi 
seu  antispas'ticcB  seu  antihyster'icee  seu  myrrhcB 
cnmpos'itoB,  Compound  gal'banum  pill,  Gum  pill. 
{Gnlban.,  myrrhcB,  aa  ,^vj ;  assafo?fidcB,  3'J  ' 
syrup,  q.  s.  to  form  240  pills. — Ph.  U.  S. )  Anti- 
spasmodic and   emmenagogue.      Dose,  gr.  x  to 

XX. 

Pilule  Gummi,  P.  galbani  compositae  —  p. 
Gummi  guttae  aloeticee,  P.  cambogite  compositae 
—  p.  Gummosae,  P.  galbani  compositae — p.  de 
Gutta  gamandra,  P.  cambogiae  compositae. 

Pilule  ex  Helleb'oro  et  Myrrha,  P.  ton'- 
iccB,  Backer's  pills,  Tonic  pills  of  Backer,  Pills 
of  hellebore  and  myrrh.  (Ext.  helleb.  nig., 
myrrh,  aa  3J ;  fol.  cardui  benedict,  in  pulv. 
3iij.     M.  —  Ph.  P.)      Tonic  and  emmenagogue. 


PILULE 


716 


PILIJL.E 


In  dropsical,  cutaneous,  and  verminous  affections. 
Dose,  gr.  iv  to  gr.  viij. 

Matthews's  jjiUs,  —  Starhey'a  pills,  are  formed 
of  rad.  helleh.  nigr.,  rad.  glycyrrh.,  sapon.  CasfilL, 
rad.  curcuma,  opii  purif.,  syrup,  croci,  aa  §iv; 
ol.  tereh.  q.  s.  ut  fiat  massa.  —  Gray. 

PiluLjE  Hydragog^,  p.  cambogiae  compositss 
— p.  Hydragogse  Bontii,  Pilulse  aloes  et  cambogiae. 

PiluLjE  Hydrar'gyri,  P.  mercuria'les,  Jfer- 
cnrinl  or  Blue  piill,  (F.)  Pilules  de  Jlercure. 
[Hydrarg.  purif .  ^j  ;  conf.  rasa,  ,^iss;  glycyrrh. 
pulv.  ^ss.  Hub  the  quicksilver  with  the  confec- 
tion, until  the  globules  disappear;  then  add  the 
liquorice  powder,  and  beat  the  whole  into  auniform 
mass,  to  be  divided  into  4S0  pills. — Ph.  U.  S. )  Anti- 
syphilitic  ;  mercurial; — in  large  doses,  purgative. 

A  purgative  pill,  much  prescribed  by  Mr.  Aber- 
nethy,  and  called  Ahernethy' s  pill,  consisted  of 
pil.  hydrarg.  gr.  x ;  jalap,  pulv.  gr.  xx  ;  syrup, 
rhamni,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  vj.  Two  were  given  at 
night,  and  the  next  morning  a  wineglassful  of 
infusum  sennm. 

PlLUL.5E    HyDRARGYRI     ChLORIDI    ET    OpII,    P. 

Calomelanos  et  Opii. 

PiLUL.E  Hydrar'gyri  Chlo'ridi  Mitis,  Pills 
of  mild  chloride  of  mercury,  Cal'omel  pills.  {Hy- 
drarg. chlorid.  mit.  ^^ss ;  acacicB,  in  pulv.  ^j ; 
syrup,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  240.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Each 
pill  contains  one  grain. 

PiLUL.E     DE     HyDRARGYRO,      ScAMMO'XIO      ET 

Aloe,  vulgo  Mercuria'les,  (F.)  Pilules  Mer- 
curielles  ou  de  Mercure,  Scammonee  et  Aloes. 
(Hydrarg,  purif.  ^j  ;  mellis,  ,^xj.  Rub  until  the 
globules  disappear;  then  add  aloes  Socot.,  scam- 
??ion.  aa^'j;  macis,  cj'ii )ia?/i.  aa  ^'j-  Make  into 
a  mass. — Ph.  P.)  Uses,  same  as  the  last,  but 
they  are  more  purgative.  Dose,  gr.  viij  to  xxx. 
These  pills  are  nearly  the  same  as  the  Pastilles 
de  Renaudot. 

Pilule  es  Hydrargyro  Muriatico  miti  cum 
ScLPHURE  Stibiato  Aurantiaco,  Pilulse  hydrar- 
gyri  submuriatis  compositse. 

PiLUL,B  Hydrargyri  Submuriatis  Compos- 
ite, P.  ex  stih'io  et  hydrar' gyro  seu  antiherpet' - 
ic(B  seu  ex  hydrargyro  muriat'ico  miti  cum  suV- 
phure  stibia'to  auriantiaco  seu  resolven'tes  cum 
mercurio  seu  depurantes  seu  hydrargyri  suhmit- 
riatis,  Pilula  Hydrar'gyri  chlor'idi  compo'sitas, 
PilulcB  calomel' anos  compos'itcB,  Compiound  Calo- 
omel  jiill.  Compound  pills  of  suhmuriate  of  mer- 
cury, Caloraelpills,  Phimmer'sjnlls,  Red  pill.  {Hy- 
drarg. submur.,  aittimon.  sxdjihur.  precipitat.  sing. 
5'J  >  S'"''"'"C.  gu)n  resin,  contrit.  ^iv  ;  spirit  rect. 
gss.  Beat  together. — Ph.  L.)  Mercurial,  and 
reputed  to  be  diaphoretic  and  alterative.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  X. 

LeaJee's  pilula  saluta'ria  resembles  these.  It 
is  used  in  syphilis. 

PiLoi.E  Hydrargyri  Submuriatis  et  Oph, 
P.  Calomelanos  et  Opii. 

Pilule  Ipecacuan'h.e  et  Opii,  Pills  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha and  Ojiium,.  {Pulv.  Ipecac,  et  Opii,  p.  iij; 
Conserv.  Roscb,  p.  j. — Ph.  E.)  One  grain  of  opium 
in  about  thirteen  grains. 

P1LUL.E  Ipecacuan'he  cum  Scilla,  Pills  of 
Ipecacuanha  icith  Squill.  {Pulv.  Ipecac,  comp. 
,^''j  ;  ScillcB  pulv.,  Ammoniac,  in  pulv.  aa  Jj ; 
Theriac.  q.  s. — Ph.  L.)     Dose,  gr.  v  to  x. 

P1LCL.E  Mercuriales,  p.  hydrargyri,  P.  de 
hydrargj'ro,  scammonio  et  aloe — p.  Doctoris  Mor- 
ton, P.  balsamicse — p.  Myrrhse  compositae,  P. 
G-albani  compositae. 

P1LUL.E  Opia'tj3,  Pilulm  Opii  (Ph.  U.  S.),  P. 
Theha'iccs,  Opiate  pills,  Common  night  pills,  Ann- 
dyne  pills,  (Prov.)  Squatting  pills,  Nepen'thes 
opia'tum,  (F.)  Pilules  opiacees.  {Opii  pulv. 
S  j  sc2^on.  gr.  xij  ;  to  be  made  into  60  pills. — Ph. 
U.  S.)     Each  pill  contains  a  grain  of  opium. 

PiLULJi;  DE  ExTRACTO  Opii,  P.  de  cynoglosso 


—  p.  ex  Oxido  stibii  et  hydrargyri  sulphureto 
nigro  compositEe,  Pilulae  antiscrophulosae. 

Pilule  Plumbi  Opia't^,  O'piate  Pills  of 
Lead.  {Plumb,  acetat.,  p.  vj  ;  Opii,  p.  j  ;  Con- 
serv. Roscb,  p.  j.  To  be  made  into  four  grain 
pills. — Ph.  E.)  Each  pill  contains  three  grains 
of  acetate  of  lead. 

Pilule  PlEsolvestes  cum  Mercurio,  P.  ty- 
drargyri  submuriatis  compos. — p.  de  Pvhabarbaro, 
Pilulse  rhei  compositae. 

The  stomachic  nostrum,  sold  under  the  name 
oi  Moseley's  ptills,  consists  merely  oi  rhubarb  and 
ginger. 

PiLULjE  Qui'NiiE  Sulpha'tis,  PiUs  of  Sulphate 
of  quinia.  {Quin.  sxdpih.  ^j;  acacia,  in  pulv. 
2Jij;  mel.  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pilulas  480.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Each  pill  contains  a  grain  of  the  sulphate  of 
quinia. 

Pilule  Rhej,  Pills  of  Rhubarb.  (RheJ  pulv. 
^vj;  saponis,  ^ij.  M.  et  fiant  pil.  120.  —  Ph.  U. 
S.)     Each  pill  contains  three  grains  of  rhubarb. 

A  good  dinner  or  stomachic  pill  is  made  of 
Rhej  pulv.  ^ij  ;  Capsic.  pulv.  gj  j  make  into  a 
mass  with  molasses,  and  divide  into  60  pills. 
Dose,  two  or  three  before  dinner. 

Pilule  Rhei  Compos'ite,  P.  de  Rhahar'baro, 
Compound  rhubarb  pills.  {Rhei,  pulv.  ^j  :  aloes, 
pulv.  ^vj  ;  myrrh,  pulv.  ^iv ;  ol.  menthcepip.  f  ^ss. 
Beat  into  a  mass,  with  syrup  of  orange-peel,  to 
form  240  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Laxative  and  sto- 
machic.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Pilule  Rhej  et  Ferri,  Pills  of  Rhubarb  and 
Iron.  (Ferri  sulpih.  exsiccat.  p.  iv;  Ext.  Rhej,  p.  x  ; 
Conserv.  Roscb,  p.  v.  Make  into  five  grain  pills.) 
Dose,  as  a  tonic  and  laxative,  two  or  three  pills. 

Griffitfs  pills,  so  called  after  Dr.  S.  P.  Griffitts, 
of  Philadelphia,  who  prescribed  them  as  a  tonic 
aperient,  were  formed  as  follows: — Rhej,  pulv. 
,^iss;  ferri  sulph.  3^^ .'  saponis,  ^ij  ;  aqiicB,  q.  s. 
ut  fiat  massa  in  pil.  xl  dividenda.  Dose,  three  or 
four  at  bedtime. 

Pilule  Rcfi,  P.  aloes  et  myrrhae  —  p.  Salu- 
tarise,  Leake's,  see  Pilulae  hydrargyri  submuriatis 
compositae — p.  Saponaceae,  P.  saponis  cum  opio 

—  p.  Saponis  compositae,  P.  saponis  cum  opio. 
Pilule  Sapo'xis  Compos'ite,  P.  Sapona'cece 

seu  sapo'nis  eompos'ita.  Pills  of  soap  and  opium, 
(F.)  Pilules  de  savon  et  d'opinm.  (Opiii,  §ss  ; 
sapon.  ^ij.  M. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Five  grains  contain 
one  of  opium. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  has  a 
form  for  the  Pilulee  opii.  Opium  pills,  as  well  as 
for  the  PihdcB  saponis  compositcB  ;  the  onlj'  difi'er- 
enee  between  them  being  in  the  proportion  of  the 
ingredients.     See  Pilulse  opiatae. 

Pilule  e  Scilla,  P.  scillae  compositae. 

Pilule  Scille  Compos'ite,  P.  scillit'iccB  seu 
scillcB  cum  zingib'ere  seu  e  scilla,  Compound  squill 
pill.  (ScillcB,  pulv.  5J  ;  zingib.  pulv.,  ammoniac. 
pulv.  aa  ^ij  ;  saponis,  ^iij  ;  syrup,  q.  s.  ut  fiant 
pil.  120. —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  two  pills.  Expec- 
torant and  diuretic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Pilule  Scille  cum  Zixgibere,  P.  scillae  com- 
positae— p.  Scilliticae,  P.  scillae  compositae — p.  ex 
Stibio  et  hydrargyro,  P.  hydrargyri  submur.  com- 
pos.—  p.  Stotnachicae,  P.  aloes  et  kinae  kinae. 

Pilule  STRTCR':^ije,  Pills  of  Strychnia.  ("Very 
pure  strychnine,  2  gr.  ;  conserve  of  roses,  ^SS- 
Make  into  24  pills.)     One  or  two  for  a  dose. 

Pilule  Sty'racis,  P.  S.  Comjios'itm,  Storax 
Pills.     (Styracis  pur.  ^vi ;  opii,  croci,  sing.  ^^ij. 

—  Ph.  E.)     Five  grains  contain  one  of  opium. 
Pilule  Sublinguales,  Hypoglottides. 
Pilule  de  Terebin'thi.na,  Turpentine  Pilh. 

Made  of  turpentine  boiled  in  .3  times  its  weight 
of  water,  until,  when  thrown  into  cold  water,  it 
forms  a  soft  paste,  which  has  the  properties  of 
turpentine,  and  has  been  administered  in  gleet,  &c. 


PILULAR 


717 


PINEA 


PiLtrii-E  ThebaiC/E,  p.  opiatsB  —  p.  Tonicse,  P. 
ex  Hellebore  et  mvrrha. 

PIL'ULAR,  Pilula'ris,  (F.)  Pilnlaire,  from 
pUula,  'a  pill.'  Relating  to  pills, — as  ' & inlular 
mass,'  ' pilular  form,'  &c. 

PILULES,  Pilulse — p.  Agrfgatives,  see  Aggre- 
gate—;:), d' Aloes  ou  aloetiques,  Pilulse  aloeticse — 
p.  d' Ammoniure  de  euivre,  Pilulae  ammoniureti 
eupri — p.  de  Barhier,  see  Pilulae  Aloes  et  kinse 
kinse — p.  Benitea  de  Fuller,  Pilule  de  aloe  et 
fo3tidis — p.  CocMes,  Pilulse  aloes  et  colocynthidis 
— p.  de  Duchesne,  see  Pilulee  Aloes  et  kinse  kinse 
— p.  de  Fer  composees,  Pilulffi  ferri  eompositse  — 
p.  Fei'rugineuses  de  Vcdlet,  see  Ferri  protocarbo- 
nas — p.  Gourmandes,  Pilulse  aloes  et  kinse  kinse 
—  p.  Indiennes  stomachiques  de  Delacroix,  see 
Pilulse  aloes  et  kin*  kinse — p.  de  Lnrtigue,  Pill, 
Lartigue's — p.  de  Mercure,  Pilulse  hydrargyri — p. 
de  Mercure,  &c.,  Pilulae  de  hydrargyro,  et  scam- 
monio  et  aloe — p.  Jlercurielles,  Pilulte  de  hydrar- 
gyro, scammonio  et  aloe — p.  Opiacees,  Pilulse 
opiat* — p.  Panchymagogues,  Pilulse  aloes  et  colo- 
cynthidis— 2^-  ^^  Savon  et  d' Opium,  Pilulae  saponis 
cum  opio — 2^'  Universelles,  Pilulae  aloes  et  colo- 
cynthidis. 

PILULIER  (F.),  Pill  Machine.  An  instrument 
for  rolling  and  dividing  pills.  Also  the  earthen 
pot  in  which  pills  are  preserved. 

PILUM,  Pistil'lus,  Pistillum,  Hyp'eros,  Cer'- 
cis,  (F.)  Pilon.  A  pestle.  A  wooden,  iron,  bell- 
metal,  marble,  agate,  porcelain,  or  glass  instrument 
for  beating  or  dividing  substances  in  a  mortar. 

A  spring  2^^^tle  is  one  attached  above  to  a 
spring,  so  as  to  take  off  the  weight,  and  thus 
lessen  the  labour  of  pounding. 

PILUS,  Capillus,  Caul,  Hair. 

PIMELE.  Fat. 

PIMELECCHYSIS,  Pimelorrhoea. 

PIMELICUS,  Fatty. 

PIMELI'TIS,  from  ijijxcXr,,  'fat,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  adi- 
pous  tissue. 

PIMELODES,  Fatty. 

PIMELO'MA,  from  mmM,  'fat.'  A  fatty 
swelling. 

PIMELORRH(E'A,  Pi  melee' chy  sis,  from 
irificKr],  'fat'  and  ptui,  'I  flow.'  A  morbid  dis- 
charge or  disappearance  of  fat. 

PIMELORTHOPNCE'A,  Piorihopnoe'a  ;  from 
TLniXii,  'fat,'  o(j9o;,  'upright,'  and  Tzvtciv,  'to 
breathe.'  Dyspnoea,  practicable  only  in  the  erect 
attitude,  owing  to  fat. 

PIMELO'SIS,  Obes'itns  nim'ia,  from  -nijizXri, 
'fat.'  Conversion  into,  or  formation  of,  fat,  —  as 
Pimelo'sis  hcjiat'ica,  'fatty  degeneration  of  the 
liver.' 

PiirELOsis  Hepatica,  Adiposis  hepatica  —  p. 
Nimia,  see  Polysarcia. 

PIMENT,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  d'Eau,  Poly- 
gonum hydropiper — p.  Royal,  Myrica  gale. 

PIMENTA,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

PIMENTO  BACC^,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

PIMENTO,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

PIMPERNEL,  BLUE,  Scutellaria  lateriflora 
— p.  Red,  Anagallis — p.  Scarlet,  Anagallis  arven- 
sis — p.  "Water,  Veronica  beccahunga. 

PIMPILIM,  Piper  longum. 

PIMPINEL,  (b}j}i)iella  or  hipennula,  from  the 
double  pennate  orderof  its  leaves,)  see  Pimpinella. 

PiMPiJJRL  Italian,  Sanguisorba  officinalis. 

PIMPINELLA  ALBA,  P.  saxifraga  — p.  An- 
gelieaefolia,  Ligustieum  podagraria. 

Pimpixel'la  Axi'suAr,  Anise  plant,  Anisum 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  A.  officiita'le  seu  vulga're  Sison  ani'- 
stcm,  A'pinm  ani'sum,  Sola' men  intestino'rum,  Ane'- 
sum,  (F.)  Anis,  Boncage  anis.  Ord.  Umbelliferse. 
Sex.  Sysf.  Pentandria  Digynia.  A  native  of 
Egypt.    The  seeds,  Ani'sum,  CPh.  U.  S.)  Sem'ina 


Ani'si,  An'iseed,  (Old  Eng.)  Aneys,  have  an  aro- 
matic odour;  and  a  sweetish,  warm,  grateful 
taste.  They  are  carminative,  and  used  in  dyspep- 
sia and  in  tormina  of  infants.  Dose,  gr.  xv  to 
gj,  bruised.  The  oil, — Oleum  Ani'si,  (F.)  fftcile 
d'anis — is  officinal.  Dose,  gtt.  v  to  xv.  Most  of 
the  oil  used  in  this  country  under  the  name  of 
Oil  of  Anise  is  said  to  be  obtained  from  Illicium 
Anisatum. 

Aqua  ani'si.  Anise  water,  (Ph.  D.)  is  made  by 
mixing  a  fluidounce  oi  essence  of  anise,  with  half 
a  gallon  (Imp.  meas.)  of  distilled  water,  and  fil- 
tering through  paper. 

Pimpinella,  Greater,  P.  magna — p.  Hircina, 
P.  Saxifraga  —  p.  Laterifolia,  Sion  ammi. 

Pimpinel'la  Magna  seu  nigra  seu  major  seu 
rubra;  Greater  Pimpinel'la  ;  Tragoseli'num  mag- 
num seu  majus,  Daucus,  Cyan'opus,  (F.)  Boucage 
majeur.  The  root  has  been  extolled  as  diuretic 
and  resolvent,  as  well  as  in  erj'sipelatous  ulcera- 
tions, tinea  capitis,  rheumatism,  &c. 

Pimpinella  Major,  P.  magna  —  p.  Nigra,  P. 
magna  —  p.  Nostras,  P.  saxifraga — p.  Officinalis, 
Sanguisorba  officinalis — p.  Rubra,  P.  magna. 

Pimpinella  Saxif'raga,  Sax'ifrage,  Buruet 
sax'ifrage,  Pote'rium  aanguisor'ba,  Sorbastrel'la, 
Tragoseli'num,  T.  saxif'raga,  Pim2jinel'la  hirci'na 
seu  umbellif  era  seu  alba  seu  nostras,  (F.)  Bou- 
cage mineur.  Petit  B.,  Pimprenelle,  Rompt-2jierre. 
The  root  has  an  unpleasant  smell,  and  hot,  pun- 
gent, bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  recommended 
as  a  stomachic;  and  as  a  stimulating  gargle  in 
paralysis  of  the  tongue. 

Pimpinella  Umbellifera,  P.  saxifraga. 

PIMPLE,  Papula. 

PIMPLED,  Papulose. 

PIMPRENELLE,  Pimpinella  saxifraga —^i. 
Noire,  Sanguisorba  officinalis. 

PIN.  Perhaps  from  2^fnnum,  low  Latin  :  or 
from  spina  ]!'], ^Spina  fer'rea,  Spi'nnla,  Aeus 
ca2}ita'ta,  (F.)  £2^ingle.  An  iron  or  brass  instru- 
ment, generally  of  a  small  size,  pointed  at  one 
extremity,  and  having  a  head  at  the  other.  It  is 
used,  in  Surgery,  to  fix  rollers  and  dressings  ; 
and  occasionally  in  sutures. 

PIN  A^ND  WEB,  Caligo. 

PIN  1  PIGNON,  see  Pinus  picea. 

PINASTELLUM,  Peucedanum. 

PINASTER,  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PINBONE,  Ischion. 

PINCE,  Forceps  —  p.  d  Anneanx,  see  Forceps 
— p.  d  Dissection,  see  Forceps — p.  d  Ligature,  see 
Forceps — p.  Lithodrassique,  see  Lithodrassic — p. 
Pansement,  see  Forceps. 

PINCE,  Pinched. 

PINGEE,  Pugillus. 

PINCERS,  Forceps, 

PINCETTE,  Forceps. 

PINCHED,  Contrac'tus,  Retrac'tus,  (F.)  Pince, 
Grippe.  An  epithet  applied  to  the  face,  when 
the  features  are  contracted  or  shrunken  ;  as  in  vio- 
lent abdominal  affections,  or  during  intense  pain. 

PINCKNEY'A  PUBENS,  P.  Pules' cens, 
Georgia  Baric,  Bitter  Bark,  Florida  Bark,  Fever 
tree.  This  bark  has  been  used  in  Georgia  in  the 
cure  of  intermittents,  and  successfully.  It  is  a 
powerful  bitter.     Dose  of  the  powder,':^j. 

PINDARS,  Arachis  Hypogea. 

PINE  APPLE,  Bromelia  ananas  — p.  Apher- 
nousli,  Pinus  cembra  —  p.  Ground,  Lycopodium 
complanatum — p.  Ground,  stinking,  Camphoros- 
ma  Monspeliaca  —  p.  Loblolly,  Pinus  taeda  —  p. 
Mountain,  see  Pinus  mughos  —  p.  Mugho,  see 
Pinus  mughos  — p.  Prince's,  Pyrola  umbdlata  — 
p.  Sap,  American,  Hypopitys  lanuginosa  —  p. 
Stone,  Pinus  pinea  —  p.  Sugar,  see  Arrow  Root 
—  p.  Yellow,  Pinus  palustris. 

PINEA,  Pinus  jiinea. 


PINEAL 


718 


PINUS   MUGHOS 


pme. 


PINE'AL,    Plnea'Us,   from    pinus, 
That  which  resembles  a  pine-apple. 

Pineal  Gland,  Glandula  pinea'lis,  Cerebral 
epi]}h'ysis,  Cona'rium,  Cono'i'des  corpus,  Corpus 
turbina'tum,  Penis  seu  Vtrga  seu  Turbo  cer'ebri, 
is  a  small  body,  of  a  conical  shape ;  pale  red  or 
grayish  colour;  and  soft  censistence;  situate  be- 
tween the  fornix  and  the  tubercula  quadrigemina. 
It  almost  always  contains  sabulous  particles, 
Sab'ulum  cona'rii,  Brain  Sciud,  Pine'al  Sand. 
When  these  are  grouped  together  over  the  base 
of  the  gland,  they  form  the  Acer'vidus  Cer'ebri 
of  Soramering,  Acer'vuli  seu  Lapil'li  glan'dulcB 
jjinea'lis.  From  its  anterior  parts  arise  two  me- 
dullary strioe,  which  proceed  over  the  posterior 
commissure;  coast  along  the  optic  thalami,  and 
unite  at  the  anterior  pillar  of  the  fornix,  —  the 
Habe'ncB,  Haben'ulas  or  reins  of  the  pineal  gland 
— Pedunculi  cona'rii,  see  Peduncles  of  the  Pineal 
Gland. 

The  uses  of   the   pineal   gland  are  unknown. 
Descartes  supposed  it  to  be  the  seat  of  the  soul ! 
Pineal  Sand,  see  Pineal  gland. 
PINEI,  see  Pinus  pinea. 
PINEOLI,  see  Pinus  pinea. 
PINEUS  PURGANS,  Jatropha  curcas. 
PINEWEED,  Hypericum  sarothra. 
PINGUECULA,   Pteryg'inm  pjingue  seu   lar- 
da'ceum,  from  pinguis,  '  fat,'  '  fatty.'      A  small, 
whitish-yellow  tumour  in  the  sclerotic  conjunc- 
tiva  and    subjacent   areolar  tissue,  close  to  the 
margin  of   the  cornea  on  its  nasal  or  temporal 
side ;  so  called  from  its  being  supposed,  but  erro- 
neously, to  be  of  a  fatty  nature. 

PINGUEDO,  Fat  — p.  Renalis,  Nephridion. 
PINGUIC'ULA  VULGA'RIS,  {pinguis,  'fat,') 
P.  alpi'na,  Sanic'ula  monta'na  seu   Eboracen'sis, 
Vi'ola  palus'tris,   Dodecath'eon    Plin'ii,   Butter- 
iDort,    Yorkshire    San'icle.      Ord.    LentibulaceaB. 
Sex.  Si/st.  Diandria  Monogynia.     The  unctuosity 
of  this  plant  has  caused  it  be  applied  to  chaps, 
and  as  a  pomatum  to  the  hair.    Decoctions  of  the 
leaves,  in  broths,  are  used  by  the  common  people 
in  Wales  as  a  cathartic. 
PINGUID,  Fatty. 
PINGUIDINOUS,  Fatty. 
PINGUIN,  Bromelia  pinguin. 
PINGUITUDO,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 
PINHOLE  PUPIL,  see  Pupil,  pinhole. 
PINHONES  INDICI,  Jatropha  curcas. 
PINK,  CAROLINA,  Spigelia  Marilandica. 
Pink  Dye.    Stripped  sajfflower,  ^j.  vubcarb.  of 
potass,  gr.  xviij,  spirit  of  icine,  ^vi]  ;  digest  for 
two  hours;    add  distilled  loafer,  ^\y,  digest  for 
two  hours    more,  and  add    distilled   vinegar   or 
lemon  Juice  q.  s.,  to  reduce  it  to  a  fine  rose-colour. 
Used  as  a  cosmetic. 

Pink,  Ground,  Silene  Virginica  —  p.  Indian, 
Spigelia  Marilandica  —  p.  Wild,  Silene  Virginica. 
PINKROOT,  Spigelia  marilandica — p.  Deme- 
rara,  Spigelia  anthelmia. 

PINNA,  Ala,  Pavilion  of  the  ear — p.  Marina, 
see  Bissus. 

PINNACULUM  FORNICIS  GUTTURALIS, 
Uvula. 

PINN^   HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver  — p. 
Naris,  see  Nasus. 
PINNULA,  Aileron, 

PINNULE  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver. 
PINO'LI  (S.).  A  preparation  used  for  subsist- 
ence on  long  journeys  in  the  West.  It  is  parched 
corn,  beaten  or  ground  very  fine,  and  sweetened 
with  sugar,  to  be  used  with  water,  and  drunk  on 
the  march.  It  is  the  cold  flour  of  the  Indians, 
and  early  Western  pioneers. 

PINONCILLO  TREE,  Castiliognia  lobata. 
PINSWEAL,  Furunculus. 
PINT,  Octarius. 


PINTA,  from  (S.)  pintar,  'to  paint.'  Blue 
stain :  a  disease,  which  is  said  to  prevail  in  Mex- 
ico, and  to  be  a  variety  of  Pityriasis  versicolor. 

PINUS  A'BIES.  P.  excel'sa  seu  pice'a,  A'bies, 
A.  rubra  seu  excelsa  seu  picea,  El'ate  ihelei'a, 
Pice'a,  Noricuy  Spruce  Fir,  Yew-leaved  Fir. 
Nat.  Ord.  Coniferse.  Sex.  Sj/st.  Monoecia  Mona- 
delphia.  The  tops  are  used  in  making  Spruce 
Beer. 

Essence  of  Spruce,  Essen'tia  Abie'tis,  is  a  fluid 
extract,  prepared  by  decoction  from  the  twigs  of 
this  species  of  fir.  From  this  is  made  Spruce 
Beer. 

This  fir  affords  the  Burgundy  pitch  and  com- 
mon frankincense.  1.  Bur'gundy  or  White  pitch, 
Pix  Burgun'dica  seu  alha  seu  ar'ida  seu  abieti'na 
seu  abie'tis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Besi'na  abie'tis  hu'mida, 
R.  alba  humida,  Pini  abie'tis  resina  s2)onte.  con- 
cre'ta,  (F.)  Poix  blanche  ou  grasse  ou  jaune  ou 
de  Bonrgogne.  This  prepared  concrete  juice  is 
of  a  close  consistence,  rather  soft,  of  a  reddish- 
brown  colour,  and  not  unpleasant  smell.  It  is 
very  adhesive  to  the  skin ;  and,  consequently, 
forms  excellent  plasters  for  remaining  upon  the 
part  for  some  time  ;  —  as  in  cases  of  affections  of 
the  chest.  2.  Abie'tis  Besi'na  (Ph.  L.  since 
1809),  Common  Frankincense,  Perrosin,  Thus, 
Th.  fa-mini' num  seu  vulga're,  Olib'an}im  vulgore. 
seu  sylves'tre,  Besina  abietis  sicca.  Resin  of  the 
Spruce  Fir.  It  is  solid,  dry,  brittle  ;  externally, 
brownish-yellow ;  internally,  whitish.  Used  in 
plasters  like  the  last. 

Pinus  Abies,  see  P.  picea  —  p.  Alba,  P.  picea. 
Pinus  Balsame'a,  A'bies  balsame'a  seu  bal- 
samif'era,  Peu'cea  balsame'a.  Balsam  fir.  The 
tree  which  affords  the  Canada  Balsam,  Balsamwn 
Oanaden'se  seu  de  Can'ada,  Resina  strobili'na, 
Terebinth'ina  Canaden' sis  seu  Pini  balsame'a,  Ca- 
nada Turpentine  or  Balsam,  Balsam  of  Fir,  (F.) 
Bautne  de  Canada,  is  one  of  the  purest  turpen- 
tines. It  has  the  common  properties  of  those 
substances. 

Pinus  Canaden'sis,  Abies  Canaden'sis,  Hem- 
lock, Hemlock,  Spruce.  A  tree,  which  is  abundant 
in  Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  more  northern 
parts  of  New  England,  and  is  found  in  the  ele- 
vated and  mountainous  regions  of  the  Middle 
States.  The  pitch — Pix  Canadensis,  Canada 
Pitch,  Hemlock  Pitch  —  obtained  from  it  is  com- 
monly known  under  the  name  Hemlock  Gum, 
Pinus  Candicans,  P.  Picea. 
Pinus  Cembra,  P.  Monta'na,  Aphernous'li 
Pine.  It  yields  an  agreeably  scented  turpen- 
tine : — the  Carpa'thian  Balsam,  Bal'samnm  Car- 
path'icum  seu  Lib'ani,  Carpath'icum,  Brian<;on 
Tur'pentine.  The  nuts,  Cembro  nuts,  Nu'clei  Cem- 
brce,  have  an  eatable  kernel,  and  yield  oil.  The 
shoots  yield  Riga  Balsam  by  distillation. 

Pinus  Damar'ra,  Ag'athis  Damarra,  grows  in 
the  East  India  Islands.  The  juice  speedily  con- 
cretes into  a  very  hard  resin, — the  Damarra  tur- 
pentine. 

Pinus  Excelsa,  P.  abies — p.  Gallica,  P.  picea. 
Pinus  Larix,  A'bies  larix,  Larix,  L.  commu'- 
nis  seu  decid'na  seu  Europce'a  seu  pyramida'lis. 
The  Larch,  (F.)  Meleze.  From  this  tree  exudes 
Or' emberg  gum,  Bri'angon  manna,  Gummi  lar'icis 
seu  Oremhurgen'se  seu  Vralen'se,  Manna  Brigan- 
ti'na  seu  larice'a.  It  also  yields,  by  boring.  Com- 
mon Venice  Turpentine,  Resina  Lar'icis.  Terebiv 
thina  Ven'eta  seu  larici'na,  Pini  Lar'icis  rcsi'na 
liq'uida,  (F.)  Terebenthine  de  Venise  ou  de  Me- 
leze. It  is  usually  thinner  than  the  other  sorts 
of  turpentine. 

Pinus  Mughos.  The  ^fountain  or  3fugho  Pine, 
Pinus  Pumil'io.  From  the  extremities  of  the 
branches  e.xudes  the  Besi'na  Strobili'na,  of  the 
Germans,  or  Hungarian  Balsam.  It  is  also  ob- 
tained, by  expression,  from  the  cones.     By  dis- 


PINUS   PALUSTRIS 


19 


PIPEROID 


dilation,  the  Hungarian  balsam  affords  the  Kriim- 
kola  oil,  Oleum  Tenijjlinuni. 

PiNcs  Palustris,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
PiNUS  Pice'a,  p.  Abies,  A'hies,  A.  jiice'a  seu 
pectina'ta  seu  Gal'lica  seu  alba  seu  caii'dicans 
seu  vulfja'ris  seu  taxifo'lia,  £nrojjean  Silver  Fir 
Tree,  El'ate,  (F.)  Sapin  commun.  By  piercing 
the  tubercles  of  the  bark  of  this  fir,  the  Stranburg 
Tiirpentine  is  obtained:  —  the  Resi'na  Abie' tin 
(Ph.  L.  before  1S09),  Oleum  Abietii,  Terebinth' in  a 
Argentoraten'  sis. 

Pixus  Pinaster,  see  P.  sylvestris. 
PlNlTS  Pi'nea,  Stone  Pine,  Pinea,  Pinus,  P. 
tiber'rima  seu  sati'va.  The  nuts,  Zirbel  nuts. 
Pine  nnti,  Nu'clei  Pi'necB,  Pinei,  Pine'oli,  (P.) 
Pin  d  pignons,  are  eaten  raw,  or  preserved  like 
almonds.     They  are,  also,  used  in  emulsions. 

Pinus  Pomilio,  see  Pinus  Mughos  —  p.  Sativa, 
P.  pinea. 

Pinus  Sylves'triS,  Pinaa'ter,  Pence,  Scotch 
Fir.  This  pine,  as  well  as  P.  marit'ima  [P. 
Pinaster),  and  other  species  of  Pinus,  affords 
common  turpentine  and  its  oil,  resin,  tar,  and 
pitch.  1.  Common  Turpentine  of  Europe,  Tere- 
binth'ina,  T.  vulga'ris  seu  commu'nis,  Resina  pini, 
Bijon,  Horse  Turpentine,  Bordeaux  Turpentine, 
(F.)  Terebintliine  de  Bordeaux,  Terebinthine  com- 
mune, is  obtained  by  wounding  the  tree  in  hot 
weather.  It  is  used,  chiefly,  as  a  dressing  for 
wounds,  &c.,  in  horses,  and  for  the  distillation  of 
the  oil,  (see  Oleum  Terebinthinee.)  The  tchite 
Turpentine,  or  commoii  Turjjentine  of  America  — 
Terebinth' ina.  Ph.  U.  S.  —  is  produced  chiefly 
from  Pinus  palustris.  Yellow  pine,  and  P.  tcBda, 
Loblolhj  pine,  and  perhaps  from  other  species  in- 
habiting the  Southern  States.  When  the  oil  is 
distilled  with  water,  yellow  resin,  or  Posin,  (Re- 
si'na, Ph.  U.  S.) — Resina  flava — is  left,  which  is 
only  used  in  the  formation  of  ointments  and 
plasters.  If  without  the  addition  of  water,  the 
residuum  is  common  resin  or  Colophony.  2. 
When  the  cold  begins  to  cheek  the  exudation  of 
the  common  turpentine,  part  of  it  concretes  in 
the  wounds.  This  is  called,  in  France,  Gallipot, 
Barras ;  and  White  Rosin,  Resina  alba,  when 
hardened  after  long  exposure  to  the  air.  3.  When 
the  old  trees  are  subjected  to  distillation,  in  a 
coarse  manner.  Tar  is  obtained  —  Hijgropissos, 
Pissa,  Pix  ce'dria  seu  liq'uida,  Resi'na  pini  em- 
pyrenmat'ica  liq'uida,  Terebinth'ina  empyreu- 
mat'ica,  Alchitram,  Alchitu'ra,  Cedria,  (F.)  Gou- 
dran,  G.  vegetale,  Poix  liquide,  Brai  liquide. 
Tar  renter,  Aqua  Pice'a  seu  Picis,  Tnfu'sum  Picis 
liq'uidcB  seu  Picis  empyrenmaticcE  liquidce,  Po'tio 
2}ice'a,  (F.)  Eau  de  Goudron,  which  is  made  by 
mixing  two  pints  of  tar  with  a  gallon  of  icater, 
stirring  with  a  wooden  rod  for  fifteen  minutes, 
and,  when  the  tar  has  subsided,  straining  and 
keeping  in  well  stopped  bottles,  was,  at  one  time, 
a  fashionable  remedy  in  numerous  complaints, 
and  its  use  has  been  revived,  since  its  virtues 
have  been  presumed  to  be  owing  to  creasote.  It 
is  employed  chiefly  in  pulmonary  affections,  and 
the  vapour  has  been  recommended  in  phthisis 
and  other  diseases  of  the  lungs.  It  is  used  ex- 
ternally as  a  detergent.  A  wine  or  beer  of  tar, 
Tarbeer,  Jeica'beer,  has  been  employed  in  Phila- 
delphia in  similar  cases.  It  may  be  made  by 
adding  to  tar  enough  beer  to  saturate  it.  mixing, 
and  allowing  them  to  macerate  for  three  days, 
with  occasional  agitation.  The  dose  is  a  table- 
Bpoonful.  4.  Common  Pitch,  Pix  nigra.  Black 
Pitch,  Burnea,  Bnrnia,  Stone  Pitch,  Pix.  sicca, 
P.  atra,  P.  nava'Us,  Zopissa,  Palimpis'sa,  P. 
ar'ida  (Ph.  L.  before  1809),  (F.)  Poix  navale,  P. 
noire,  is  obtained  by  inspissating  tar.  It  is  used 
only  as  a  resolvent  in  plasters. 

Pinus  Tjetia,  see  P.  sylvestris  —  p.  Taxifolia, 


P.  picea  —  p.  Uberrima,  Pinus  pinea  —  p.  Vulga- 
ris, P.  picea. 

PIOXE,  Peeonia. 

PIONY,  PBEonia. 

PIORTHOPNCEA,  Pimelorthopncea. 

PTOULQUES  (F.).  A  kind  of  sucking-pump, 
invented  by  Louis,  for  extracting  water  that  had 
entered  internal  cavities,  in  cases  of  drowning. 
A  useless  instrument. 

PIP,  Svphilis. 

PIPE-PLANT,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

PIPER,  -neiTtpi,  see  Piper  nigrum. 

Piper  Album,  Leucop'iper,  White  Pepper,  is 
black  pepper  freed  from  its  cuticle. 

Piper  ANGusTiFOLiusr,  Matico  —  p.  Aromati- 
cum,  P.  nigrum — p.  Betel,  Betel — p.  Brazilianum, 
Capsicum  annuum  —  p.  Caleeuticum,  Capsicum 
annuum. 

Piper  Capen'se,  a  South  African  species,  has 
all  the  properties  of  the  peppers,  and,  in  appear- 
ance and  taste,  greatly  resembles  cubebs.  It  pos- 
sesses, too,  similar  virtues. 

Piper  Caryophyllatuii,  see  Myrtus  pimenta 
— p.  Caudatum,  P.  cubeba — p.  Chiapie,  see  Myr- 
tus pimenta. 

Piper  Ccbeb'a,  Perse'a  seu  Laurvs  cubeba, 
LitscBa  cubeba  seu  piperi'ta.  Ord.  Piperacese.. 
A  native  of  Java  and  Guinea.  The  odour  of 
these  berries — Cubeba  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Com'jjeper, 
Compeba,  Cubal  sini.  Piper  cauda'tum,  BacccB 
Piperis  glabri,  Cubeb  or  Tailed  Pepper,  Cuma'- 
mus,  (F.)  Poivre-d-queue,  Quabebe — is  aromatic; 
taste  at  first  cooling,  afterwards  pungent.  The 
active  principle  is  an  essential  oil  —  Oleum  Cube- 
bcB,  oil  of  cubebs — which  is  officinal  in  the  Pharm. 
U.  S.  The  properties  of  the  cubeb  are  stimulant 
and  purgative.  It  is  used  only  in  gonorrhoea. 
Dose,  from  ^j  to  3J)  '^^  powder,  three  or  four 
times  a  daj' ;  of  the  volatile  oil,  10  or  12  drops. 

'  Turkey  yellow  berries,' — the  dried  fruit  of  the 
Rhamnus  Catharticue  —  are  often  substituted  for 
cubebs. 

Piper  Elongatum,  Matico. 

Piper  Guineense,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  His- 
panicum.  Capsicum  —  p.  Indicum,  Capsicum  an- 
nuum—  p.  Jamaicense,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

Piper  Longum,  ilacrop'iper,  Acapat'li,  Catu- 
trip'ali,  Pim'p)ilim,  Chav'ica  Roxburghii,  Long 
Pepper,  (F.)  Poivre  long.  As  we  receive  the 
berries,  they  consist  of  the  unripe  fruit  dried  in 
the  sun;  and  are  small,  round  grains,  disposed 
spirally  on  a  cylindrical  receptacle.  They  are 
stimulant,  carminative,  and  tonic,  like  the  other 
peppers.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  Qj. 

Piper  Lusitanicum,  Capsicum  annuum  —  p. 
Murale,  Sedum. 

Piper  Mkthisticusi,  see  Ava. 

Piper  Nigrum,  3felanop'iper,  jlfolagoeo'di, 
Lada,  Piper  aromat'icum.  Black  Pepper,  (F.) 
Poivre  voir.  Black  pepper.  Piper  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
is  the  unripe  fruit  dried  in  the  sun.  Virtues, 
same  as  those  of  the  other  peppers.  When  freed 
from  its  husk  by  mechanical  trituration  it  consti- 
tutes Fulton's  decorticated  pepper. 

Piper  Odoratuji  Jamaicense,  see  Myrtus 
pimenta — p.  Tabascum,  see  Myrtus  pimenta — p. 
Turcicum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

PIPERI'NA,  Piperi'mun,  Pip'erine,  Piperin, 
from  piper,  'pepper.'  A  resinoid  substance,  ob- 
tained from  the  piper  nigrum  by  M.  (Ersladt,  in 
which  a  part  of  the  virtues  of  the  pepper  resides. 
It  has  been  employed,  like  the  quinia,  in  inter- 
mittents,  and  successfully. 

PIP'EROID,  Pipero'i'dum,  Zingib'erin,  from 
piper,  'pepper,'  and  «i5of,  'resemblance.'  A  yel- 
low syrupy  mass  obtained  by  exhausting  ginger 
root  by  ether.  It  is  soluble  in  ether,  alcohol,  and 
oils,  and  may  be  given  in  tincture,  sugar,  lozenge, 
or  sjTup,  in  cases  where  ginger  is  indicated. 


PIPEROPASTUS 


720 


PITCH 


PIPEROPAS'TUS,  from  Treircpi,  'pepper,' and 
Traacuv,  '  to  strew.'  Strewed  with  pepper,— socks, 
for  example,  where  it  is  desirable  to  excite  the 
surface  of  the  feet. 

PIPETTE.  'A  small  pipe.'  In  Pharmacy,  a 
small  tube  terminating  in  a  perforated  point, 
which  is  passed  into  a  liquid  to  be  removed  — 
from  the  surface  of  a  precipitate,  for  example. 
The  liquid  is  drawn  into  the  tube  by  applying 
the  mouth  to  the  free  extremity. 

PIPIN'NA,  Men' tula  parva.     A  small  penis. 
PIPPERIDGE  BUSH,  see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 
PIPSISSEWA,  Pyrola  umbellata— p.  Spotted, 
Pyrola  maculata  —  p.  White,  Pyrola  maculata. 
PIPTONYCHIA,  Onychoptosis. 
PIPTOSTEGIA   OPERCULATA,  see  Batata 
de  purga  —  p.  Pisonis,  Convolvulus  mechoacan. 
PIQUETE,  see  SahU. 
PIQUE E,  Puncture,  Wound,  punctured. 
PIRTLING,  Slavering. 
PIRUS,  see  Pyrus  malus. 
PISA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)     Pisa  has  long  been 
celebrated  as  one  of  the  most  favourable  climates 
in  Italy  for  the  consumptive.     It  is  genial,  but 
somewhat  oppressive  and  damp.    It  is  softer  than 
that  of  Nice,  but  not  so  warm;  less  soft,  but  less 
oppressive  than  that  of  Rome. 

PISCIARELLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
A  spring  at  Monte  Secco,  in  Italy,  between  Lake 
Agnano  and  Solfatara.  It  is  thermal  (100°  Fahr.), 
sulphureous,  and  carbonated;  and  is  chiefly  used 
in  old  ulcers,  leucorrhoea,  chronic  diarrhcea,  and 
in  cutaneous  affections. 

PISCID'IA  ERYTHRI'NA,  Jamaica  Dog- 
wood.  Ord.  Leguminosas.  A  small  branching 
tree,  common  in  most  of  the  West  India  Islands; 
Diadelphia  Decandria  of  Linnaeus.  It  is  used  in 
the  West  Indies  to  poison  fish.  It  appears  to  be 
an  acro-narcotic,  and  has  been  used  in  the  form 
«f  a  tincture  of  the  bark  of  the  root  in  toothache. 
PISCINA,  Baignoire. 

PISCIVOROUS,  Pisciv'orus,  TcTttJiyoph'agons, 
Ichthyoph'agus,  from  piscis,  'a  fish,'  and  voro,  'I 
eat.'     Feeding  or  subsisting  on  fish. 

PIS'IFORM,  Pisiform' is,  from  j^'^tim,  'a  pea,' 
and /oj-ma,  'shape.'     Pealike,  pea-shaped. 

Pisiform'I,  Os,  Os  lenticula're  seu  orhicida're 
seu  extra  or'dinem  carpi,  (F.)  Os  hors  da  rang, 
is  the  fourth  bone  of  the  first  row  of  the  carpus. 
It  is  round,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  tendon 
of  the  cubitalis  anterior,  and  to  the  anterior  trans- 
verse ligament  of  the  carpus.     It  is  articulated, 
behind,  with  the  os  cuneiforme. 
PISO,  Mortar. 
PISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
PISSASPHAL'TUS,  Pissasplial'tum,  Ifineral 
Pitch,  from   inaaa,  'pitch,'  and  aa^jtaXro;,  'bitu- 
men.'    (F.)  Poix  minerale.     A  thicker  kind  of 
Petroleum  or  Bock  oil;  formerly  employed  as  a 
vulnerary.      It   is    synonymous   with    Glu'tinoua 
hitu'men,  Malta  hitu'nien,  and  Mineral  tar, 

PISSEL^'UM,  Oleum  Pic"iiium,  from  macra, 
'  pitch,'  and  cKaiov,  '  oil.'  An  oily  matter  ob- 
tained from  boiling  pitch,  and  used  for  the  same 
purposes  as  tar. 

PisseljEdm  Indicum,  Petroleum. 
PTSSEMENT  DE  PUS,  Pyuria— j-j.  de  Sang, 
Hasmaturia. 

PISSENLIT,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 
PISSE-SANG,  Fumaria. 
PISSE'ROS,  from  Tncaa,  'pitch.'  Ancient 
name  of  a  cerate,  prepared  of  olive  oil,  oil  of 
roses,  and  dried  jntch.  It  was,  also,  called  Gera'- 
tum  pica' turn,  and  0.  tetraphar'macum.  —  Hippo- 
crates. 

PISSI'TES,  Vinum  pica' turn.     Same  etymon. 


A  wine  prepared  from  tar  and  the  must  of  the 
grape.     It  was  regarded  to  be  stomachic. 
PISSOSIS,  Malacia. 
PISSWEED,  Anthemis  cotula, 
PISTACHIO    NUTS,    see   Araehis    hypogea, 
Pistacia  vera. 

PISTACIA  CHIA,  P.  lentiscus. 
Pista'cia  Lentis'cdS,  P.  Chia,  Tcrcbin'tlms 
lentiscus,  Lentiscus  vidga'ris ;  the  Mastich  Tree. 
Ord.  Terebinthaceae.  The  wood  of  this  tree 
abounds  with  the  resinous  principles  of  mastich  ; 
and  a  tincture  made  from  it  has  been  used  in  the 
cure  of  dyspeptic  affections,  gout,  and  dysentery. 
It  yields,  by  incision,  the  resin  Mastich,  liesi'na 
Lentis'cina,  Men' frige,  Mas'tiche,  Mastix,  Pista- 
cicB  Lentis'ci  Eesi'na.  This  resin  has  an  agreea- 
ble smell  when  heated:  is  almost  insipid;  in 
globular,  irregular,  yellowish,  semi-transparent 
masses;  soluble  in  ether;  partially  so  in  alcohol. 
It  is  stimulant,  and  has  been  used  in  old  coughs, 
and  gleet,  and  is  chewed  to  sweeten  the  breath. 
It  is  sometimes,  also,  employed  to  stop  holes  ia 
carious  teeth. 

Oil  of  3Iastich,  Mastichela'on,  Oleum  Mastich'- 
inum,  is  mentioned  by  Dioscorides. 

Pistacia  Narbonensis,  P.  lentiscus  —  p.  Reti- 
culata, P.  lentiscus. 

Pistacia  Terebin'thus,  P.  Narhoiten'sis  seu 
reticula'ta  seu  vera,  Turpentine  Tree,  Hah-el-Ka- 
limhat,  Terehinthus  vulga'ria,  Terminihos.  The 
tree  which  affords  the  G^/prus  l'urp)eiitine,  Eesi'- 
na Terehin'thi,  Terehinth'ina  vera  seu  Chia  seu 
Gyp'ria,  (F.)  Terebinthine  de  Ohio.  This  sub- 
stance is  classed  amongst  the  resins.  It  is  pro- 
cured by  wounding  the  bark  of  the  trunk.  The 
best  Chio  turpentine  is  of  about  the  consistence 
of  honey ;  very  tenacious,  clear,  and  almost 
transparent;  of  a  white  colour  inclining  to  yel- 
low, and  of  a  fragrant  smell;  moderately  warm 
to  the  taste,  but  free  from  acrimony  and  bitter- 
ness. It  resembles  in  virtues  the  other  turpen- 
tines. 

Pistacia  Vera,  vtaTOKia.  Name  of  the  tree 
which  affords  the  Nux  Pistacia.  Pista'chio  nuts 
have  a  sweetish,  unctuous  taste,  resembling  that 
of  sweet  almonds.  Like  these,  they  afford  an  oil, 
and  may  be  formed  into  an  emulsion. 

PISTILLUM,  Pilum. 

PISTOLOCHIA,  Aristolochia  pistolochia. 

PISTORIENSIS  GLADIUS,  Bistonri. 

PISUM,  incov,  P.  saii'vum,  Pea,  Garden  pea, 
(F.)  Pois,  P.  cultivL  The  seeds  of  the  pea,  Ord. 
Leguminosse,  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria, 
are  much  employed  as  an  aliment,  both  in  the 
fresh  and  dried  state.  They  are  farinaceous,  and, 
when  dried,  not  easy  of  digestion. 

PIT,  Pock  mark  —  p.  of  the  Stomach,  Fossette 
du  coeur. 

PITAY'A  BARK.  This  bark  of  Gineho'na 
pitay'a,  Ord.  Cinchonaceae,  is  preferred  in  Co- 
lombia to  any  other.  It  contains  a  new  vege- 
table alkali,  to  which  the  name  Pitayine  has 
been  given. 

PITAYINE,  see  Pitaya  bark. 

PITCAITHLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  saline  springs,  at  Pitcaithley,  about  four 
miles  from  Perth,  Scotland,  contain  chlorides  of 
sodium  and  calcium. 

PITCH,  Colophonia  —  p.  Black,  see  Pinus  syi- 
vestris  —  p.  Burgundy,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Ca- 
nada, see  Pinus  Canadensis. 

Pitch  Cap,  see  Depilatory. 

Pitch,  Common,  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Hemlock, 
see  Pinus  Canadensis — p.  Jew's,  Asphaltum  —  p. 
Mineral,  Pissasphaltum. 

Pitch  Plaster,  see '  Depilatory,  Eraplastrum 
picis. 

Pitch,  Stone,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  p.  White, 
see  Pinus  abies. 


PITHYRIASIS 


21 


PLACENTULA 


PITHYRIASIS,  Pityriasis. 

PITHYRINUS,  Acerosus,  Purfuraceous. 

PITTA'CIUM.  A  pitch  plaster,  from  rrtrro, 
'  pitcii.' 

PITTING,  Pock  marli. 

PITTOSIS,  Malacia. 

PITTO'TA.  Medicines  in  which  pitch  is  the 
chief  ingredient. 

PITTSBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
chalybeate  mineral  spring,  situate  about  four 
miles  south-west  of  Pittsburg,  in  Pennsylvania. 
It  contains  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, oxide  of  iron,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  car- 
bonic acid. 

PITUITA,  Mucus,  Phlegm— p.  Narium,  Nasal 
mucus. 

PITU'ITARY,  Pituita'riiis,  {¥.)  Pitnitaire, 
from  pititita,  'phlegm.'  Concerned  in  the  secre- 
tion of  mucus  or  phlegm.  A  name  given  to  seve- 
ral parts. 

Pituitary  Bodt,  P.  Gland  —  p.  Fossa,  Sella 
turcica. 

PiTo'iTARY  Gland,  Glan'dula  Piudto'aa  seu 
p'tuita'ri'a  seu  hasila'ris,  Lncn'na  seu  Appendic' - 
nla  cer'ebri,  Senti'na,  Hypoph'ysis  seu  Appendix 
cer'ehri.  Corpus  pituita're,  Pituitary  body;  — 
Appendice  sus-sphenoidale  du  cerveau,  (Ch.)  A 
small,  round  body ;  the  anterior  portion  of  which 
is  of  a  cineritious  yellow  hue,  and  the  posterior, 
which  is  smaller,  is  whitish  and  pulpy.  Its  func- 
tions are  unknown. 

Pituitary  Membrane,  Schneide'rian  Mem- 
brane, Membra'na  pituita'ria  seu  olfacto'ria. 
The  mucous  membrane  which  lines  the  nasal 
fossae,  and  extends  to  the  diiFerent  cavities  com- 
municating with  the  nose.  In  the  nasal  fossse, 
the  membrane  appears  formed  of  two  layers,  in- 
timately united;  —  the  one  in  contact  with  the 
bone  is  fibrous  ; — the  other  is  free  at  one  surface. 
The  latter  is  a  mucous  membrane,  on  which  pa- 
pillse  are  not  easily  distinguishable,  but  which 
contains  them,  as  well  as  a  number  of  very  small 
mucous  follicles,  that  open  into  the  cavity  of  the 
nares.  On  penetrating  the  maxillary,  frontal, 
sphenoidal,  and  ethmoidal  sinuses,  the  membrane 
becomes  very  thin,  transparent,  less  vascular, 
and  seems  reduced  to  its  mucous  layer.  The 
pituitary  membrane  receives  the  impression  of 
odours,  by  means  of  the  expansion  of  the  olfac- 
tory nerves  upon  it.     It  is  the  seat  of  smell. 

PITUITE,  Mucus. 

PITU'ITOUS,  Pitutto'sus;  from  pituita,  'mu- 
cus or  phlegm.'  Consisting  of,  or  resembling,  or 
full  of  mucus  or  phlegm. 

PITYRI'ASIS,  from  irirupov,  'bran;'  Lepido'- 
siD  Pityriasis,  Pityria'ma,  Pithy ri'asis.  Herpes 
fnrfura'ceus  seu  farino'sus,  Porri'go  (of  some), 
Tin'en  furfara'cea  seu  porrigino'sa,  Fnrfura'tio, 
Furfuris'  ea,  Dandriff,  Dandruff,  (So.)  Luss, 
(Prov.)  Room,  Rummet,  (F.)  Teigne,  Dartre,  D. 
furfuraeee  volante ; — a  very  superficial  affection; 
characterized  by  irregular  patches  of  thin  scales, 
which  repeatedly  exfoliate  and  recur  ;  but  which 
never  form  crusts,  or  are  accompanied  with  exco- 
riations. It  is  not  contagious.  It  occurs  under 
three  or  four  varieties  of  form. 

Pityriasis,  Porrigo  —  p.  Nigra,  Melasma — p. 
Versicolor,  Chloasma. 

PITYRISMA,  Pityriasis. 

PITYROIDES,  Furfuraceus. 

PITYRON,  Furfur. 

PIVOINE,  Pseonia. 

PIVOTING.  In  dentistry,  an  operation, 
which  consists  in  fastening  in  a  new  crown  upon 
the  root  of  a  tooth  by  means  of  a  piece  of  gold 
wire,  called  '  a,  pivot.' 

PIX,  Sperm  —  p.  Abietina,  see  Pinus  abies  — 
p.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  abies  —  p.  Alba,  see  Pinus 
abies  — p.  Arida,  see  Pinus  abies,  and  Pinus  syl- 
46 


vestris — p.  Atra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Brntiii, 
Brutia  —  p.  Burgundica,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Ca- 
nadensis, see  Pinus  Canadensis  —  p.  Cedria,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  p.  Grseca,  Colophonia  —  p.  Li- 
quida,  see  Pinus  sylvestris— p.  Navalis,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris  —  p.  Nigra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p. 
Sicca,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PLACE'BO,  'I  will  please,'  from  placeo.  A 
medicine,  prescribed  rather  to  satisfy  the  patient 
than  with  any  expectation  of  its  effecting  a  cure. 

PLACEN'TA,  TrXaicouj,  n-XoKouiToj.  A  Latin 
word,  signifying  a  Cake.  P.  uteri  seu  uteri'im 
seu  uteri  car'tiea,  Hepar  sen  Jeeur  uteri' num,  Curo 
seu  Affu'sio  orbicularis,  Mazn.  A  soft,  spongy, 
vascular  body,  adherent  to  the  uterus,  and  con- 
nected with  the  fcetus  by  the  umbilical  cord.  It 
is  not  iu  existence  during  the  first  period  of  the 
embryo  state,  but  its  formation  commences  per- 
haps with  the  arrival  of  the  embryo  in  the  uterus. 
It  is  generally  considered  to  have  two  portions, 
one  foetal,  and  the  other  maternal.  The  foetal 
consists  of  highly  vascular  villi  and  tufts,  which 
contain  the  inosculating  loops  of  the  umbilical 
arteries  and  umbilical  vein  of  the  foitus.  The 
maternal  portion  is  considered  by  Dr.  Reid  to  con- 
sist, essentially,  of  a  large  sac  formed  by  the 
inner  coat  of  the  vascular  system  of  the  mother, 
into  which  the  maternal  blood  is  poured  by  the 
curling  arteries  of  the  uterus,  and  from  which  it 
is  returned  by  the  utero-placental  veins.  The 
tufts  and  villi  of  the  foetal  placenta  are  ensheathed 
by  this  inner  coat  of  the  maternal  vascular  sys- 
tem ;  and,  according  to  Prof.  Goodsir,  two  dis- 
tinct sets  of  nucleated  cells  —  one  maternal  and 
the  other  foetal — separate  the  maternal  and  foetal 
portions  where  they  come  in  contact,  one  set  of 
which  are  probably,  he  thinks,  concerned  in  the 
separation  of  nutritive  matter  frona  the  maternal 
blood,  and  the  other  destined  to  convey  it  into 
the  vessels  of  the  fcetus.  The  placenta  is  formed 
of  several  lobes  or  cotyledons,  which  can  be  read- 
ily distinguished  from  each  other  on  the  uterine 
surface ;  but  towards  the  fcetal  surface  are  con- 
founded into  one  mass.  It  is  composed  of  the 
umbilical  vessels,  areolar  tissue,  and  whitish,  re- 
sisting filaments,  which  are  vascular  ramifications 
obliterated.  Lymphatic  vessels  have  also  been 
presumed  to  exist  in  it;  and  nerves  have  been 
traced,  proceeding  from  the  great  sympathetic  of 
the  foetus. 

The  main  function  of  the  placenta  appears  to 
be  like  that  of  the  lungs  in  the  adult.  It  admits 
of  the  blood  of  the  foetus  being  shown  to  that  of 
the  mother,  and  undergoing  requisite  changes. 
It  may,  also,  be  an  organ  for  nutritive  absorp- 
tion, as  observed  above. 

Animals,  which  have  no  placenta — as  the  Mar- 
supialia — are  called  implacental  and  nonplacental. 

Placen'ta  Cruoris,  see  Blood  —  p.  Pebrilis, 
Ague  cake  —  p.  Oblata,  P.  pros  via  —  p.  Obvia,  P. 
praavia. 

Placenta  Pr.e'via,  (from  prw,  'before,'  and 
via,  '  way,')  P.  ob' via  seu  obla'ta.  Presentation 
of  the  placenta;  a  condition  which  gives  rise  to 
unavoidable  hemorrhage  from  the  uterus.  The 
safety  of  the  female  depends  upon  speedy  de- 
livery. 

Placenta  Sanguinis,  see  Blood  —  p.  Uteri 
Succenturiata,  Decidua. 

PLACEN'TAL,  Placenta'Us.  (F.)  Placentaire. 
Relating,  or  appertaining  to,  the  placenta.  Pos- 
sessed of  a  placenta, — as  '  a.  placental  mammal.' 

PLACENTI'TIS,  Placounti'tis,  Placoi'iis,  In- 
flamma'tio  placen'ta,  A  hybrid  word  —  from 
placenta,  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Infllammation  of  the  placenta. 

PLACEN'TULA,  'a  little  cake,'  diminutive  of 
^ZaceH^a, 'a  cake.'  A  rudimental  placenta.  The 
placenta  of  an  abortion. 


PLACOITIS 


22        PLANTAIN  DES  ALPES 


PLACOITIS,  Placentitis.  |: 

PLACOUNTITIS,  Placentitis.  '      : 

PLADAROMA,  Pladarosis.  ! 

PLADARO'SIS,   Pladaro'ma,  Pladar'otes,  \ 
from  TT'XaSapos,  'soft.'     A  soft  tumour  on  the  eye-  ; 
lid,  unaccompanied  with  redness  or  pain.     Tra- 
choma. 

PLADAROTES,  Pladarosis. 
PLAFOND    DES    VENTRICVLES    DU 
CER  VEA  U,  Corpus  callosum.  ] 

PLAGA,  Ictus,  Wound.  I 

PLAGIOBOL'IA,    Phmohol'ia,  from     7r>ayio;,   j 
'to  one  side,'  and  /3aX>£iv,  'to  throw.'     Imperfect 
emission  of  sperm  into  the  vagina.     Emission  to 
one  side;  sometimes  practised  to  render  impreg- 
nation less  probable. 

PLAGUE,  from  n'SriyT],  plac/n,  'a  stroke.'  Pe-i- 
tis,  P.  orienta'ils  seu  hnhona'ria  orientali's  seu 
iitgutna'ria  seu  enntagio'ea  seu  ncntiss'ima  seu 
sep'tica  seu  glandulo'sa  seu  ade'no-septica  seu 
iiiffiiinarin,  Pestil'itas,  Epliem' era  pesfilenfia'li'a, 
E.  mortif'era,  Lues  ingmna'ria,  Clades  glnndii-  ; 
la'ria,  Phthm-a,  Pestilen'tia,  Luei,  Loimon,  Febris 
ade'iio-iiervo'sa,  Lcemon,  Lceme,  Lce'mta,  Lcemop'-  j 
yra,  Ohaosda,  Aitthra'cin  PesttH,  Aiiihracoti/phits,  1 
Febrh  pes'tilenn,  Syn'ochiis  pestileutia'lis,  Tophus 
pestis  seu  pestilentia'Us  seu  gravis' simus  seu  nn- 
thra'ciciis  seu  bitbon'icus,  Exanthe' ma  pestia,  the 
Pest,  Levant  plague.  Septic  or  glan'dnhir  pes'ti- 
lence,  The  sickness,  (P.)  Peste,  Typhus  d' Orient, 
Fievre  du  Levant,  F.  adeno-nerveuse.  An  emi- 
nently malignant  disease;  endemic  in  the  Le- 
vant; frequently  epidemic,  and  destroying  at 
least  two-thirds  of  those  it  attacks.  It  is  a  fever 
of  the  most  aggravated  kind,  with  affection  of 
the  lymphatic  glands  of  the  groins  or  axillae,  and 
carbuncles.  Its  miasmata — it  has  been  conceived 
— adhere  to  different  organic  textures,  to  woollen 
goods,  clothing  and  furniture ;  and  may  thus  be 
transported  to  a  considerable  distance ;  but  this 
is  not  certain.  The  mean  duration  of  the  disease 
is  six  or  seven  days  ;  some  die  in  twenty-four 
hours,  others  not  till  ten  or  twelve  days.  Patho- 
logical anatomy  has  afforded  little  light  with  re- 
spect to  it.  Various  means  have  been  used  for 
arresting  it,  but  none  have  seemed  to  be  pre-emi- 
nently distinguished.  The  great  point  is,  to 
watch  the  indications  as  they  develop  themselves; 
and  to  treat  the  case,  in  general,  like  one  of 
typhus  gravior.  It  is  universally  agreed  that  the 
suppuration  of  the  buboes  should  be  aided  as  far 
as  practicable.  For  preventing  the  importation 
and  spread  of  the  plague,  the  Quar'antlne  Laws 
have  been  instituted ;  and  when  the  disease  has 
actually  appeared,  a  cordon  sanitaire  has  been 
drawn  round  the  infected  district,  so  as  to  pre- 
vent all  communication. 

Plague  op  An'toni'nus,  Pestis  Anfoninia'na, 
(F.)  Peste  Antnnine.  A  severe  febrile  disease, 
which  prevailed  in  the  Roman  empire,  during  the 
reign  of  Antoninus.  It  began  in  Asia,  and  passed 
westward.     It  resembled  the  Plague  of  Athens. 

Plagite  of  Athens,  (F.)  Peste  d'Athenes.  A 
febrile  disease,  which  raged  at  Athens  during  the 
Peloponnesian  war,  in  the  5th  century  before  the 
Christian  era;  and  a  description  of  which  is  given 
in  Thucydides.  It  was  characterized  by  a  cuta- 
neous eruption,  accompanied  by  small  ulcerations, 
vomiting,  affection  of  the  respiratory  organs,  and 
diarrhoea.  It  began  in  the  far  East,  and,  before 
reaching  Athens,  ravaged  Egypt,  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  Persian  Empire. 
Plague,  Black,  Death,  black. 
Plague,  Cold.  A  severe  form  of  congestive 
fever,  seen  in  the  Southern  States.  Bilious  pneu- 
monia, in  which  there  is  no  reaction,  has  been, 
also,  so  called. 

Plague  Mark,  Plague  token. 

Plague,   Pali.     A   malignant  fever,    greatly 


resembling  Plague,  which  prevailed  in  Rajpoo- 
tana  after  July,  1836. 

Plague  Spot,  Plague  token. 
Plague  Token,  Phigue  niarJe,  Plague  spot. 
A  mark  by  which  one  struck  with  the  plague  was 
known.  Perhaps  the  early  stage  of  carbuncle  in 
unfavourable  eases.  It  is  described  as  a  small 
tubercle  —  Bosaa  —  somewhat  resembling  a  wart, 
callous  and  more  or  less  deficient  in  sensibility, 
varying  in  size  from  that  of  a  millet-seed  to  that 
of  a  bean. 

PLAGULA,  Compress,  Pledget,  Splint. 

PLAIE,  Wound — p.  d'Arme  d  fen,  Wound, 
gunshot  —  p.  dArquebusade,  Wound,  gunshot  — 
p.  Contuse,  Wound,  contused — p.  Envenimee, 
Wound,  poisoned  — p.  par  Arrachement,  Wound, 
lacerated — p.  d  Lambeaux,  see  Flap. 

PLAINTIVE,  Lucfnewr. 

PLANANTHUS  FASTIGATUS,  Lycopodium 
selago  —  p.  Selago,  Lycopodium  selago. 

PLANARIA  LATIUSCULA,  Distoma  hepa- 
ticum. 

PLAN  CHER  (F.),  'floor.'  In  anatomy,  the 
inferior  wall  or  boundary  of  a  cavity. 

PL  AN  CHER  DU  CERVEAU,  Tentorium. 

PLANCUS,  Leiopus. 

PLANE,  Plexus. 

Plane,  Mesial,  see  Mesial. 

PLANET-STRUCK,  see  Sideratio. 

PLANE'TES,  Plane'ticus,  Plan'icus,  Erra- 
bun'dus,  Errat'ic,  from  -rrXavTi,  'a  wandering 
about.'  An  epithet  given  to  diseases,  whose  re- 
turns are  irregular  —  especially  to  interuiittent 
fever ;  Planetes  Febris,  F.  Errat'ica,  F.  Erro'nea, 
F.  Vagn. 

PLANETICA  ARTHRITIS,  Gout,  wander 
ing. 

PLANICUS,  Planetes. 

PLANIPEDES,  Steganopodes. 

PLANITIES  PEDIS,  Sole. 

PLANOBOLIA,  Plagiobolia. 

PLANTA  NOCTIS,  Hydroa,  Sudamina  — p. 
Pedis,  Sole  —  p.  Prima  pedis,  Tarsus. 

PLANTA'GO,  P.  Ilajor,  Centiner'via,  Arno- 
glos'snm,  Septiner'via,  Polyneu'ron,  Heptaplen'- 
ron,  Plantn'go  latifo'lia  seu  major  seu  vulgn'ris, 
Great  plantain,  Waybread,  (So.)  Wabran  leaves, 
(F.)  Plantain  commun.  Ord.  Plantaginaeeas. 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  leaves 
have  been  said  to  be  refrigerant,  attenuant,  sub- 
styptic,  and  diuretic. 

Plantago  Aquatica,  Alisma  plantago. 

Plantago  Corda'ta,  Heart  leaved  plantain,  P. 
Lanoeola'ta,  Kibgrass,  and  P.  Virgin'ica,  White 
plantain,  or  Ribwort,  indigenous;  have  proper- 
ties like  Plantago  major. 

Plantago  Coron'opus,  Coronopo' dium,  Cnrnn 
cervi'num,  Stella  terrcB,  Plantago,  Bxichsliorii 
Plantain.     Properties  like  the  last. 

Plantago  Nitida,  P.  psyllium. 

Plantago  Psvl'lium,  P.  nit'ida,  Psyl'lium,  P. 
eree'tum,  Pulica'r'is  herba,  Crystal'lion,  Cyno- 
mni'a.  Branching  Plantain,  Fleawort,  (P.)  Herhe 
aux  puces  commune.  The  seeds  have  a  nauseous, 
mucilaginous  taste,  and  no  remarkable  smell. 
The  decoction  of  the  seeds  is  recommended  in 
hoarseness  and  roughness  of  the  fauces. 

Plantago  Vulgaris,  Plnnt.igo. 

PLANTAIN  DES  ALPES,  hrn\c&.moTit!\r\a— 
p.  Branching,  Plantago  psyllium — p.  Buckshorn, 
Plantago  coronopus — p.  Commun,  Plantngo  —  p. 
d'Eau,  Alisma  plantago  —  p.  Great,  Plantagu 
major — p.  Heart  leaved,  Plantago  eordata. 

Plantain  Meal,  see  Musa  paradisiaca. 

Plantain,  Rattlesnake,  Gmidyera  pubeseens 
— p.  Robin's,  Erigeron  bellidifolium. 

Plantain  Tree,  Musa  paradisiaca. 

Plantain,  Water,  Alisma  plantago,  Unisema 
deltifolia  —  p.  White,  Plantago  Virginica. 


PLANTAIRE 


723 


PLASTER 


PLANTAIRE,V\&,nt^T  muscle— />,  Gr^le, 
Plantar  muscle. 

PLANTAR,  Planta'ris,  (F.)  Plantaire,  from 
planta,  'the  sole  of  the  foot.'  That  which  re- 
lates or  belongs  to  the  sole  of  the  foot.  This 
name  has  been  given  to  several  parts. 

Plantar  Aponectro'sis,  P.  fas'cia.  A  thick, 
dense,  resisting  aponeurosis;  of  a  triangular 
shape,  and  superficially  situate,  which  occupies 
the  middle  and  sides  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and 
furnishes  insertions  to  several  of  the  muscles  of 
the  region,  either  directly  or  through  the  medium 
of  septa,  which  it  sends  between  them. 
Plantar  Arch,  see  Plantar  arteries. 
Plantar  Arteries.  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber, and  arise  from  the  extremity  of  the  posterior 
tibial  artery.  They  are  distinguished  into  : — The 
internal  jdantar  artery,  situate  above  the  abduc- 
tor pollicis  pedis.  It  extends  from  the  termina- 
tion of  the  posterior  tibial  to  the  trunk  of  one  of 
the  collaterals  of  that  toe. — The  external  plantar 
artery  is  larger  than  the  preceding,  and  ought  to 
be  considered  as  the  termination  of  the  posterior 
tibial.  Situate  above  the  flexor  communis  di- 
gitorum  pedis,  it  extends  from  beneath  the  ealca- 
neum  to  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  last  meta- 
tarsal space.  When  it  has  reached  this  part,  it 
turns  from  without  inwards  ;  advances  towards 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal 
bone,  and  anastomoses  with  the  perforating 
branch  of  the  dorsalis  tarsi.  In  the  first  part  of 
its  course,  it  furnishes  calcaneal,  articular,  mus- 
cular, and  adipous  branches.  The  second  por- 
tion of  the  artery  is  called  the  Plantar  Arch  or 
Gross.  It  gives  branches  in  all  directions.  The 
inferior  and  posterior  have  received  no  name. 
The  superior  —  three  in  number  —  are  the  poste- 
rior perforating  arteries.  The  anterior  branches 
are  larger,  and  there  are  commonly  four.  They 
furnish  the  anterior  perforating,  and  the  collate- 
rals of  the  last  four  toes. 

Plantar  Cross,  see  Plantar  arteries — p.  Fas- 
cia, P.  aponeurosis. 

Plantar  Ligaments.  A  name  given  to  the 
inferior  ligaments,  which  unite  the  bones  of  the 
tarsus  and  metatarsus,  to  distinguish  them  from 
the  superior,  called  dorsal. 

Plantar  Muscle,  Planta'ris,  P.  grac"ilis, 
Tihia'lia  grac"ili8,  Exten'sor  tarsi  minor,  (F.) 
Plantaire,  P.  Grele,  Jambier  grele.  Petit  ffmoro- 
calcanien,  (Ch.)  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  leg.  It  is  long,  thin,  and  narrow. 
Above,  it  is  attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
external  condyle  of  the  os  femoris  :  below,  it  ter- 
minates by  a  long  tendon,  which  is  attached  to 
the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  caleaneum. 
This  muscle  extends  the  leg  on  the  foot,  and 
conversely.  It  can,  also,  assist  in  the  flexion  of 
the  leg  on  the  thigh. 

Plantar  Nerves.  These  are  two  in  number, 
and  are  furnished  by  the  termination  of  the  pos- 
terior tibial  nerve.  They  are  distinguished  into 
—  I.  The  internal  plant'jr  nerve,  which  extends 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the  tibial  nerve  to  both 
sides  of  the  first  three  toes,  and  the  inner  side  of 
the  fourth.  It  furnishes,  also,  branches  to  the 
abductor  of  the  great  toe  ;  to  the  short  flexor  of 
the  toes  ;  to  the  accessory  ;  to  the  short  flexor  of 
the  great  toe,  the  lumbrieales,  &c.  2.  The  exter- 
nal plantar  nerve  proceeds  from  the  termination 
of  the  posterior  tibial  to  the  posterior  extremity 
of  the  5th  metatarsal  bone,  and  gives  branches  to 
the  flexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis,  the  accessory 
and  the  abductor  of  the  little  toe.  This  trunk 
subsequently  divides  into  two  branches;  —  the 
one — profunda — is  distributed  to  the  short  flexor 
of  the  great  toe :  the  interosseus  and  abductor 
pollicis  pedis:  the  other — snperficialis  —  sends 
filaments  to  the  short  flexor  of  the  little  toe,  the 


two  sides  of  that  toe,  the  outer  side  of  the  4th, 
and  the  last  lumbricalis. 

Plantar  Regions  or  Surfaces  are  different 
regions  or  surfaces  of  the  sole  of  the  foot.  Three 
are  generally  reckoned,  —  the  internal,  middle, 
and  external. 

Plantar  Veins  follow  an  arrangement  similar 
to  that  of  the  arteries. 

PLANTARIA,  Dengue. 

PLANTARIS,  Plantar,  P.  muscle— p.  Superfi- 
cies pedis.  Sole  —  p.  Verus,  see  Flexor  longus  di- 
gitorum pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius.) 

PLANTARIUM,  Pubes. 

PLANTS  DU  PIED,  Sole. 

PLANTI-  SOUS-PHALANGIENS,  Lumbri- 
eales pedis — p.  Tendino-phalangienSj'LnvohtvidX&s 
pedis. 

PLANUM  APONEUROTICUM  DIA- 
PHRAGMATIS.  The  tendinous  expansion  of 
the  diaphragm. 

Planum  Orbitale,  see  Maxillary  bone  (su- 
perior.) 

Planum  Os,  from  planus,  'soft,  smooth.'  The 
papyraceous  or  orbitar  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone 
—  Lam'ina  papyra'cea,  Lameli'a  plana  —  was 
formerly  so  called. 

Planum  Pedis,  Sole. 

Planum  Supe'rius  Lingua.  The  upper  sur- 
face of  the  tongue. 

PLANU'RIA,  from  TrXavog,  'wandering,  false,' 
and  ovijov,  'urine,'  Discharge  of  urine  through 
unwonted  ways. 

PLAQUEMINIER  D' EUROPE,  Diospyros 
lotus. 

PLAQUES  GAUFREES,  Peyeriglan dulse— 
p.  Laiteuses,  see  Taches  laiteuses — p.  de  Peyer, 
Peyeri  glandulae. 

PLASMA,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

PLASMEXHIDRO'SIS,  from  plasma,  the  li- 
quor sanguinis ;  e|,  'out  of,'  and  'f^pwo-ij,  'perspi- 
ration.' Exudation  of  the  plasma  of  the  blood 
from  the  vessels. 

PLASTER,  Emplastrum  —  p.  Adhesive,  Em- 
plastrum  resinse,  Sparadrapum  adhesivum  —  p. 
Adhesive,  Baynton's,  see  Emplastrum  resinse — p. 
Adhesive,  of  pitch  and  resins,  Emplastrum  de 
pice  et  resinis  glutinans  —  p.  Ammoniacum,  Em- 
plastrum ammoniaci — p.  Ammoniacum  with  mer- 
cury, Emplastrum  ammoniaci  cum  hydrargyro — 
p.  Aromatic,  Emplastrum  aromaticum  —  p.  Asa- 
foetida,  Emplastrum  asafoetidse  —  p.  of  Belladon- 
na, Emplastrum  belladonnse  —  p.  Blister,  Blister 
— p.  Blistering,  Emplastrum  lyttae — p.  of  Blister- 
ing fly.  Emplastrum  ly ttse  —  p.  Calefacient,  Em- 
plastrum calefaciens  —  p.  of  Cantharides,  com- 
pound, Emplastrum  lyttae  compositum  —  p.  Ce- 
phalic, Emplastrum  picis  comp. — p.  Corn,  Spa- 
radrapum viride  —  p.  Corn,  Kennedy's,  Spara- 
drapum viride  —  p.  Court,  English,  see  Ichthyo- 
colla,  Sparadrapum  adhesivum  —  p.  Cummin, 
Emplastrum  cumini — p.  Defensive,  Sparadrapum 
Galteri  —  p.  Diachylon,  Emplastrum  plumbi  —  p. 
Fly,  Emplastrum  lyttse — p.  Frankincense,  Em- 
plastrum  thuris — p.  Galbanum,  Emplastrum  gal- 
bani  —  p.  Galbanum,  compound,  Emplastrum 
galbani  compositum — p.  Gum,  Emplastrum  gum- 
mosum  —  p.  of  Gum-resins,  Emplastrum  cum 
gummi-resinis — p.  Hemlock,  Emplastrum  cicutse 
—  p.  Iron,  Emplastrum  ferri  —  p.  Isinglass,  see 
Sparadrapum  adhaesivum  —  p.  Issue,  Sparadra- 
pum pro  fonticulis — p.  Lead,  Emplastrum  plumbi 
— p.  Machine,  Sparadrapier — p.  Mercurial,  Em- 
plastrum hydrargyri — p.  of  Mercury,  compound, 
Emplastrum  hydrargyri  compositum  —  p.  Mus- 
tard, Cataplasma  sinapis  —  p.  Nuremberg,  Em- 
plastrum Norimbergense — p.  Opium,  Emplastrum 
opii  —  p.  Pitch,  see  Depilatory  —  p.  Pitch,  comp. 
Emplastrum  picis  compositum  —  p.  Resin,  Em- 
plastrum resinse  —  p.  of  Red  oxide  of  iron,  Em- 


PLASTIC 


24 


PLETHORA 


plastrum  oxidi  ferri  rubri— p.  Soap,  Emplastrum 
«aponis  —  p.  of  Spanish  flies,  compound,  Emplas- 
trum lyttEe  compositum  —  p.  Sticking,  Emplas- 
trum. resinte — p.  Strengthening,  Emplastrum 
ferri,  Emplastrum  oxidi  ferri  rubri  —  p.  Warm, 
Emplastrum  calefaciens — p.  Wax,  Emplastrum 
cerse. 

PLASTIC,  Plas'ticus,  Formati'vm,  Form'ative, 
(F.)  Plastique,  from  ir^ao-aoj,  'I  form.'  That 
which  forms,  or  serves  to  form. 

Plastic  Element.  One  which  bears  within  it 
the  germs  of  a  higher  form.  —  Gerber.  Plastic 
or  Aiatogeuet'ic  or  organolep'tic  elements  of  nutri- 
tion are  those  elements  of  food  which  go  to  the 
formation  of  organized  tissue.  —  See  Aliment. 

Plastic  Force.  The  generative  or  formative 
power  in  organized  bodies.  It  is  also  called  Xi- 
suxformnti'vus,  Vis  seu  Virtus  plas'tica  seu  for- 
mati'va  seu  essentia'lis  seu  reproducti'va,Fac' idtas 
forma'trix  seu  nutrix  seu  auctrix  seu  vegetati'va  ; 
Bias  alterati'vum,  Motua  ussimilationis,  An'ima 
vegetati'va,  Plasticism'us,  Virtus  forniatrix,  Plas- 
iic"itas,  Pla8tic"itr/,  Force  of  Nutrition,  F.  of 
assimilation,  F.  of  Form'ation,  F.  of  regeta'tion, 
Puissance  du  monle  interieur  (BaSon),  Bildung- 
Strieb,  Germforce  of  the  Germans. 

Plastic  Lymph,  Liquor  Sanguinis — p.  Surgery, 
Morioplastice. 

PLASTICISMUS,  Plastic  Force. 
PLASTICITAS,  Plastic  Force. 
PLASTICITY,  Plastic  Force. 
PLASTILYTIC,  Antiplastic. 
PLASTILYTICUM    (H^MATOLYTICUM), 
Spanaemic. 

PLATA,  Scapula. 
PLATAXO,  Musa  Sapientum. 
PLATANTHE'RA  ORBICULA'TA,  Large 
round-leaved  Orchis ;  indigenous.  Order,  Orehid- 
acese;  flowering  in  July.  From  -aXarovs,  'wide,' 
and  avTip,  for  'anther.'  The  leaves  are  large,  soft 
and  fleshy,  and  are  used,  in  certain  places,  for 
dressing  blisters. 

PLATANUS,  Musa  paradisiaca. 
PLATEA,  Bothriocephalus  latus. 
PLATE-BONE,  Scapula. 
PLATEIASMA,  Platiasmus. 
PLATES,  MANSFORD'S,  see  Galvanism. 
PLATIAS'MUS,    Plateias'ma,    from     TrXaruf, 
'broad.'      Excessive    development   of    the   lips, 
causing  the  articulation  to  be  imperfect. 
PLATINA,  Platinum. 

PLATTNUM,  Plat'ina,  from  (S.)  plata,  'sil- 
ver.'    (F.)  Platine,  Or  hlanc,  Petit  argent.     The 
preparations  of  platinum  resemble  in  their  thera- 
peutical properties  those  of  gold.     The  Bichlo'- 
EIDE,  Plat'ini  Bichlo'ridum,  made  by  dissolving 
platinum  in  aqua  regia,  and  the  Double  Chlo- 
ride of  Platinum  and  Sodium,  So'dii  cMoroplat' - 
inas,   CMoroplat' inate   of  So'dium,  prepared  by 
dissolving  bichloride  of  platinum  and  pure  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  in  proper  proportions,  in  water, 
evaporating  and  crystallizing,  —  are  the  prepara- 
tions used.     They  are  not  much  prescribed. 
PLATULA,  see  Pediculus. 
PLATYBREGMATE.  see  Cranium. 
PLATYCORIA,  Mydriasis. 
PLATYCORIASIS,  Mydriasis. 
PLATYXO'SIS,  from  rrXoTus,  'broad.'    Ampli- 
fica'tio.     Jlorbid  extension  of  parts. 
PLATYOPHTHALMON,  Antimonium. 
PLATYPOLIA,  see  Kyllosis. 
PLATYPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 
PLATYS'MA,  from  ffXai-uf,  'broad.'  Anything 
broadly  extended.     A  spread  plaster. 

Platys'ma  Myoi'des,  P.  Myo'des,  Ifus'cidns 
cuta'neus  seu  suhcnta'neus  (Winslow),  Quadra'tus 
gencB  seu  latis'simus  colli,  Expan' sio  musculo'sa, 
Tetrago'nus,  Stornoman'icon,  (F.)  Thoraco-maxillo 
facial,  Thoraco-facial  (Ch.),  Peaucier.     A  mus- 


cle situate  superficially  on  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  neck.  It  is  flat,  broad,  and  quadrilateral.  Its 
fibres,  which  are  all  parallel  to  each  other,  pass 
obliquely  upwards,  and  from  without  inwards. 
They  arise  from  the  areolar  tissue,  which  covers 
the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  chest;  pass 
before  the  clavicle,  and  proceed  to  attach  them- 
selves at  the  interior  part  of  the  symphysis  menti, 
at  the  external  oblique  line  of  the  jaw,  and  at  the 
commissure  of  the  lips.  The  fibres  of  this  last 
insertion  form  a  distinct  fasciculus,  called  by  some 
anatomists  Mm'culus  Riso'rius  Santori' ni .  The 
platysma  myoides  depresses  the  commissure  of 
the  lips,  and  carries  it  outwards.  It  contributes, 
also,  to  the  depression  of  the  lower  jaw.  When 
it  contracts,  it  wrinkles  the  skin  of  the  neck 
transversely. 

PLATYSTER'NOS,  from  z\aTVi,  'broad,'  and 
crepvov,  'the  sternum.'  One  who  has  a  broad, 
well  developed  chest.  —  D.  Pechlin. 

PLATYS'TOMUS;  from  rrAarDs,  '  broad,'  and 
cTOjia,  'mouth.'     One  who  has  a  broad  mouth. 
PLALTUS,  Leiopus. 
PLECHAS,  Perineum. 
PLECTAN^,  Cornua  uteri. 
PLEC'TANE,  Plica,  Plegma,  Plexus.     From 
-'XtKdj,   'I  twine.'      A  fold;  a  plexus.      Also,   a 
cornu  of  the  uterus. 

PLECTRUM.  The  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone.  Also,  the  uvula,  and  the  tongue. 
—  Castelli. 

PLEDGET,    (D.)    Plagghe,     Plvmace'olus, 
Lintea'men,  Plag'tda,  (F.)  Plumaceav,  Plumas- 
seau.     A  small  compress  or  g&teau  of  lint —  (the 
filaments  arranged  parallel  to  each  other) — flat- 
tened between    the    hands  after  the  extremities 
I  have  been  cut  ofi'  or  folded  down.     It  is  applied 
I  over  wounds,  ulcers,  &c.,  to  preserve  them  from 
1  the  contact  of  the  air,  to  retain  dressings  in  situ, 
\  and  to  absorb  the  discharges. 
j      PLEGE,  Blow,  Ictus. 
I      PLEGMA,  Plectane.  Plexus. 
PLEGOMETER,  Pleximeter. 
PLEINAY.)  'Full.'  Theraiddle  part  of  a  roller. 
PLEIOMASTHUS,  Polymasthus. 
PLEIOMAZIA,  see  Polvmastbus. 
PLENA  MULIER,  Pregnant. 
PLENITUDE,  Fulness. 
PLENITUDO,  Plethora. 
PLENCK'S   DEPILATORY,  see  Depilatory, 
Collev's. 

PLEOMAZIA.  see  Polymasthus. 
PLEONEC'TICUS,    from    t7\mv,    'more,'   and 
fx_uvi  'to  have.'    Covetous.    Desirous  to  acquire  : 
hence  mania  pleonectica. 

Pleonec'tica  Athym'ia  seu  Melanchol'ia. 
A  form  of  insanity  characterized  by  a  desire  for 
gain  or  bv  eovetousness. 

PLERO'SIS,  from  -'Svpv;,  'full;'  also  J?pj[3/c'- 
tio,  Eefec'tio,  Eeple'tion.      Restoration   of  flesh 
after  sickness.     Plethora. 
PLEROTICUS,  Incarnans. 
PLES'MONE,   zlvotiOvT],  Plenitu'do,   Sati'etas, 
Sati'etij.     Intemperance.     A  condition  the  oppo- 
site to  that  of  hunger. 
PLESSER,  Plexor. 
PLESSIMETER,  Pleximeter. 
PLESSLVFTPE,  Pleximeter. 
PLETHOMER'IA,  from  -\ndos,   'many,'  and 
H^pos,  'apart.'     Superabundance  of  parts,  as  in 
the  case  of  six  fingers  to  one  hand. 

PLETHO'RA,  from  -\v&ui,  'I  fill.'  Polym'mia, 
PolyhyperhcB'mia,  Panhypera-.'mia,  Polychym'ia 
sanguin'ea,  Angeioplero' sis,  Angioplero' sis,  Ery- 
thrce'mia,  Erythro'sis,  Hmmatopletho' ra,  Hmmo- 
pletho'ra,  Plenitu'do,  Multitu'do,  Eedundan'tia, 
Peple'tio,  En'chy7na,  Comple'tio,  Pleth'ory,  Ee- 
ple'tion, San'guineness,  Fulness,  (F.)  Abondance, 
Eedondance,     The  word  plethora,  which  means 


PLETHORIC 


725 


PLEURITIS 


repletion,  Phro'sis,  expresses  a  superabundance 
of  blood  in  the  system,  or  in  some  part  of  it:  — 
hence  the  division  of  plethora  into  general  and 
local;  the  latter  being  called,  according  to  its 
seat,  cerebral,  pulmonary,  uterine,  <fco.  The  prin- 
cipal symptoms  of  plethora  exist  in  the  circula- 
tory system;  such  as  redness  of  the  surface, 
swelling  of  the  veins,  increase  in  the  fulness  of 
the  pulse,  in  the  strength  of  the  heart's  pulsa- 
tions, &c.,  with  spontaneous  hemorrhages  occa- 
sionally. With  these  are  usually  united  general 
heaviness,  torpor,  lassitude,  vertigo,  tinnitus  au- 
rium,  flushes  of  heat,  &o.  The  blood  of  plethoric 
persons  differs  from  healthy  blood  in  the  smaller 
ratio  of  water  which  it  contains,  and  especially 
in  the  augmentation  of  the  red  corpuscles. 

The  tendency  to  plethora,  or  its  actual  exist- 
ence, must  be  obviated  by  purgatives,  proper  diet, 
exercise,  Jkc. ;  and,  if  the  danger  from  it  be  press- 
ing, by  blood-letting.  This  is,  however,  a  doubt- 
ful remedy  for  general  plethora,  as  it  increases 
haematosis. 

Pletho'ra  Arterio'sa  is  the  form  in  which 
the  blood  is  rich  in  fibrin  and  red  corpuscles — the 
arte'rial  constitu'tion. 

Plethora,  Local,  Hypertemia  —  p.  Partialis, 
Hyperaemia. 

PLETHOR'IC,    PlefTio'ricm,    Polym'mic,    Po- 
h/a'micus,  Sanguine,  Sanguin'eowt,  (P.)  Pletho- 
riqite.     Same  etymon.     Full  of  blood.     Relating 
to  or  affected  with  plethora. 
PLETHORICUS,  Plethoric. 
PLETHORY,  Plethora. 
PLETHOS,  Satiety. 
PLEUMON,  Pulmo. 
PLEUMONIA,  Pneumonia- 
PLEURA,    Pleurum,  Pleuro'mn,  'the    side,  a 
rib.'     Memhra'na  pleurit'ica  aiiccin'gens  seu  coa- 
tas  miecin'gens,  M.  seu    Tn'-niva  eostalis  seu  suh- 
costa'lig,  Jfypnpleu'rios,   Hypezo'eus,   (F.)   Plevre 
ou  Pleure.    The  plcurse  are  two  thin,  diaphanous, 
perspirable  membranes,  which  line  each  side  of 
the  chest,  and  are  reflected    thence   upon    each 
lung.     Like    all   serous    membranes  —  to    which 
class  they  belong — each  represents  a  sac  without 
aperture.     From  the  junction    of  the  pleura  of 
each  side  the  mediastina  are  formed.     That  por- 
tion of  the  pleura  which  lines  the  parietes  of  the 
chest  is  called  Pleura  Costa' lis ;  the  portion  that 
covers  the  lungs,  Pleura  Pulmona'lis.     The  arte- 
ries of  the  pleurse  are  from  the  intercostals,  in- 
ternal mammaries,  phrenic,  inferior  thyroid,  &c. 
The  veins  correspond  with  the  arteries.     They 
are,  also,  supplied  with  lymphatics,  but  nerves 
are  not  traceable  in  them. 

Pleura  is  also  used  for  Cavity  of  the  Pleura, 
Saecus  Pleura. 

PLEURA.     The  sides  of  the  chest. 
PLEURAL,  Pleura'lis,  Pleu'ricvs,  Pleu'rites. 
That  which  concerns  the  pleura  :  —  as  a.  pleural 
fistula; — pleural  cd^vxij ,  pleur  al  hemorrhage,  &c. 
PLEURALGIA,  Pleurodyne. 
PLEURAPOPHYSES,  Costaj  vera?,  see  Costa. 
PLEURAPOSTEMA,  Empyema. 
PLEURARTHROC'ACE,  from  i:\zvpa,  'a  rib,' 
apBpov,  'a  joint,'  and  kuko;,  'bad.'     Caries  of  the 
ribs. 

PLEURE,  Pleura. 
PLEURESIA,  Pleuritis. 

PLEURESIE,  Pleurisy —^.  i^rtMsse,  Pleuro- 
dynia. 

PLEURESIS.  Pleuritis. 
PLEURETIQUE,  Pleuritic. 
PLEURICUS,  Pleural. 
PLEURIS,  Pleuritis. 
PLEURISY,  Pleuritis 


Pleurisy,  Bilious,  Pleuri'tia  hilio'sa.  Pleu- 
risy accompanied  %vith  bilious  symptoms;  —  the 
effect  of  duodenitis  or  duodeno-hepatitis. 
Pleurisy,  False,  Pleurodynia. 
Pleurisy,  Head.  A  ridiculous  term,  occa- 
sionally used  by  the  vulgar,  in  the  Southern 
States  especially,  for  bilious  pneumonia  before 
the  pneumonitic  phenomena  are  developed,  and 
whilst  the  head  is  prominently  affected. 

Pleurisy,  Hemorrhagic,  Haematothorax  — 
p.  Rheumatic,  Pleurodynia  —  p.  Root,  Asclepias 
tuherosa. 

Pleurisy,  Typhoid,  Pleuri'tia  typho'i'des  seu 
fypho'dea   seu    tyjjho'sa.      Pleurisy  accompanied 
by  adynamic  symptoms. 
PLEURITES,  Pleural. 

PLEURIT'IC,  Pleurit'icus,  Pleurit'ical,  (F.) 
Pleriretique  ;  same  etymon  a.s  pleuritis.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  pleuritis  —  as  'pleuritic  pain.' 
PLEURI'TIS,  from  ir^cvpa,  'the  pleura;'  3for- 
hus  latera'lis  seu  pleurit'icus  seu  Costa'iis,  Em- 
pres'ma  seu  Cauma  Pleuritis,  Pleuris,  Pleure'sis, 
Pleure'aia,  Pleuritis  costa'iis  seu  vera,  Pleurit'ica 
Fehria,  Pasaio  pleurit'ica,  Injlamma' tio  Pleura, 
Pleurisy,  Injlamma' tion  of  the  Pleura,  (F.)  Pleu- 
resie,  Fievre  ^j/eM?-e<i'g'ue,  Inflammation  de  la 
Plevre,  may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Perhaps  the 
most  violent  of  all  internal  inflammations  is  the 
active  form  ;  known  by  acute,  lancinating  pain 
in  one  side  of  the  chest,  increased  by  inspiration, 
by  coughing,  and  often  by  pressure ;  dyspnoea, 
the  inspirations  short  and  frequent;  cougli  dry, 
or  with  little  expectoration ;  and  diflBculty  of 
lying  on  the  affected  side.  Symptoms,  attending 
the  phlegmasise  in  general,  strongly  marked. 

Physical  Signs.  There  is  seldom  any  percep- 
tible alteration  in  the  exterior  of  the  chest.  When 
effusion  has  taken  place  to  a  great  extent,  the 
signs  will  be  similar  to  those  of  chronic  pleurisy. 
The  motion  of  the  affected  side  is  diminished, 
and  the  vibrations  of  the  voice  cannot  be  detected 
by  the  hand.  There  is  more  or  less  dulness  of 
sound  on  percussion,  the  dulness  diminishing  or 
disappearing  by  change  of  position.  On  auscul- 
tation, the  inspiration  is  feeble,  distant,  or  inau- 
dible ;  but  change  of  position  modifies  it.  Ego- 
phony  is  usually  present,  when  the  effusion  is  in 
moderate  quantity,  and  is  best  heard  over  a  por- 
tion of  the  thoracic  parietes,  represented  by  a 
band  of  three  inches,  running  from  below  the 
inferior  margins  of  the  scapula  in  the  direction 
of  the  ribs  to  the  sternum.  Simple  pleurisy 
rarely  attacks  both  sides  at  once  :  when  such  is 
the  case,  the  presence  of  tubercles  may  be  sus- 
pected. 

Formerly,  a  true  pleurisy  meant  one  seated  in 
the  pleura:  a.  mediastinal  pleurisy,  one  situated 
in  the  anterior  mediastinum  ;  and  false  pleurisy 
or  rheumntismal  pleurisy,  that  which  occupies  the 
intercostal  muscles.  The  last  has  received  the 
name  Pleurodyn'ia  ;  that  of  pleurisy  being  ex- 
clusively appropriated  to  inflammation  of  the 
pleura.  Pleurisy  has  also  been  distinguished  into 
dry  and  humid,  according  as  it  is  or  is  not  accom- 
panied by  expectoration.  Humid  or  moist  j^leurisy 
is  now  properly  regarded  as  a  complication  of 
pleurisy  with  pulmonary  catarrh.  It  is  the  catar'- 
rhal pileurisy  of  some.  The  majority  of  the  spe- 
cies of  pleurisy,  admitted  by  Sauvages,  consist 
of  complications. 

The  causes  of  pleurisy  are  like  those  of  other 
internal  inflammations.  It  may  terminate  by 
resolution,  effusion,  or  suppuration. 

Chronic  Pleurisy,  which  has  been  particu- 
larly described  by  Bayle,  Broussais,  and  Lnen- 
nec,  most  commonly  terminates  by  a  serous  or 
purulent  effusion,  which  sometimes  simulates 
hydrothorax;  at  others,  phthisis  pulmonalis.     It 


PLEUROCELE 


726 


PLEXIMETER 


may  form  slowly,  without  evident  symptoms;  or 
it  may  succeed  acute  pleurisy.  In  the  former 
case,  vague  pains  are  felt  in  the  chest,  with  small, 
dry  cough,  oppression  at  intervals,  shivering, 
irregular  febrile  symptoms,  and  hardness  of 
pulse. 

Physical  Signs.  The  affected  side  is  smoother, 
more  rounded  and  motionless ;  the  intercostal 
spaces  are  dilated  and  filled  up,  or  may  even 
protrude  slightly.  In  very  chronic  cases,  how- 
ever, the  affected  side  may  be  smaller.  The  tri- 
angular space  above  the  clavicle  and  the  depres- 
sion immediately  above  the  sternum  are  often 
drawn  downwards  on  the  diseased  side.  No  vi- 
bration is  experienced  by  the  hand  when  the 
patient  speaks.  The  parietes  of  the  thorax  are 
sometimes  oedematous,  and  fluctuation  may  be 
occasionally  felt  between  the  ribs.  On  percus- 
sion the  sound  is  dull,  or  if  clear,  only  so  in  the 
upper  portions  of  the  chest.  On  auscultation, 
there  is  an  absence  of  the  usual  sounds  over  the 
affected  parts,  excepting  occasionally  transmitted 
sounds.  There  are  no  physical  signs  that  can 
enable  us  to  know  whether  pus  or  serum  is  effused 
into  the  chest.  The  introduction  of  a  grooved 
needle  through  the  intercostal  space,  as  recom- 
mended by  Dr.  Thomas  Davies,  would  of  course 
settle  the  question. 

On  dissection  of  those  who  have  died  of  pleu- 
risy, the  pJeura  is  found  thickened,  red,  inflamed, 
and  covered  with  membranous  exudations  or 
false  membranes.  Sometimes  it  seems  cartilagi- 
nous and  ossified.  Its  cavity  frequently  contains 
serous  or  sero-purulent  effusions. 

The  acute  form  of  the  disease  requires  the  most 
active  treatment.  General  blood-letting,  to  such 
an  extent  as  to  make  a  very  decided  impression 
on  the  system,  and  repeated  if  necessary.  This 
is  the  most  important  agent.  After  the  violence 
of  the  disease  has  been  got  over,  counter-irritants 
will  be  found  highly  beneficial;  as  well  as  when 
It  has  passed  into  the  chronic  state.  The  cough 
may  be  relieved  by  demulcents. 

Sauvages  has  given  the  name  Pleuet'tis  Ven- 
To'sA,  and  Pringle  that  of  Pleurodtn'ia  Ven- 
To'sA,  to  a  pain  behind  the  false  ribs,  attributed 
to  the  presence  of  air  in  the  intestines. 

Pleuritis  Biliosa,  Pleurisy,  bilious — p.  Bron- 
chialis.  Bronchitis  —  p.  Costalis,  Pleuritis  —  p. 
Diaphragmatica,  Diaphragmitis  —  p.  Humida, 
Bronchitis — p.  Muscularis,  Pleurodynia- — p.  No- 
tha.  Pleurodynia — p.  Pericardii,  Pericarditis — p. 
Pulmonis,  Pleuropneumonia  —  p.  Rheumatica, 
Pleurodynia — p.  Spuria,  Pleurodynia — p.  Spuria 
simulata.  Pleurodynia  —  p.  Typhoides,  Pleurisy, 
tj'phoid  —  p.  Vera,  Pleuritis. 

PLEUROCE'LE,  from  w\evpa,  'the  pleura,' 
and  KTiXn,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  of  tJie  pleura, 
Hernia  pleu'rica  et  pulmona'lis.  This  name, 
employed  by  Sagar,  is  inaccurate,  as  the  pleura 
never  protrudes  alone.  It  only  forms  a  hernia, 
when  it  serves  as  an  envelope  to  the  lung,  to  tu- 
mours, or  to  purulent  collections,  which  have 
protruded  from  the  thoracic  parietes. 

PLEUROCOLLE'SIS,  from  rr\zvp<i,  '  ihe  pleu- 
ra,' and  (foXXao),  'I  glue.'  An  adhesion  between 
the  pleura  costalis  and  pleura  pulmonalis. 

PLEURODYNB,  Pleurodynia. 

PLEURODYN'IA,  PlenraVgia,  Pseudo-plen- 
ri'tis,  Psendo-pleurisji,  Pleurod'yne,  Autal'gia 
doloro'sa,  Parapletiri'tis,  Stethorrheu'ma,  Rhen- 
matis'mus  pec'toris,  Pleuri'tis  rheumat'ica  seu 
museula'ria  seu  notha  seu  spu'ria  seu  spn'ria 
simuln'ta,  Pneumo'nia  exter'na,  Lagonop'onos, 
Thoraeod'yne,  Dolor  Pec'toris  exter'mts,  Pain  in 
the  side,  Stitch  in  the  side,  False,  rhenmnt'ic  or 
rheumatis'nial  pleurisy,  (Old  Eng.)  Shott,  (Sc.) 
Caik,  (F.)  Point  de  cote,  Douleur  de  c6te,  Pleu- 


re»ie  fnnsse ;  from  v^vspa,  'the  side  or  pleura,' 
and  oivtn),  'pain.'  A  spasmodic  or  rheumatic 
affection,  generally  seated  in  the  muscles  of  the 
chest,  and,  ordinarily,  in  the  intercostals.  It  is 
usually  augmented  by  outward  pressure,  inspira- 
tion, coughing,  exertion,  moving  the  thorax,  and 
sometimes  even  the  corresponding  arm.  It  is 
unaccompanied  by  fever,  cough,  or  dyspnoea,  ex- 
cepting under  the  form  of  a  sii'JcA,  when  dyspnoea 
exists.  It  is,  generally,  by  no  means  obstinate, 
and  yields  promptly  to  warm  applications  and  to 
cupping  or  leeches.  If  it  still  resists,  a  blister 
will,  almost  always,  remove  it. 

Pleurodynia  Ventosa,  Pleuritis  ventosa. 

PLEUROMA,  Costa,  Pleura. 

PLEUROPATHI'A,  from  T!\svpa,  'the  pleura,' 
and  Tza&ai,  'a  disease.'     A  disease  of  the  pleura. 

PLEUROPERI PNEU'MONY,  Pleuroperi- 
pnevmo'nia,  Plenropnemno'nia,  Pnetimonopleure'- 
sis,  Pneximonoplenri'tis,Pleuri'tis pidmo'nis,  Pneu- 
mo'nia pleuritis.  Inflammation  occupying  the 
pleura  and  the  lung  at  the  same  time.  Pleurisy 
and  peripneumony  existing  simultaneously.  Phy- 
sical signs.  A  dull  sound  is  yielded  by  percus- 
sion for  a  variable  extent  over  the  more  depen- 
dent portions  of  the  affected  side.  The  loss  of 
sound  is  partially  modified  by  change  of  position. 
The  respiratory  murmur  on  auscultation  is  very 
feeble  or  absent  inferiorly ;  higher  up,  the  crepi- 
tation or  bronchial  respiration  of  pneumonia  may 
be  detected  ;  round  the  root  of  the  lung,  and  near 
the  inferior  angle  of  the  scapula,  egophony  is 
generally  present.  There  is  seldom  much  en- 
largement of  the  affected  side,  or  displacement 
of  the  adjacent  organs,  as  in  the  case  of  simple 
chronic  pleurisy. 

PLEUROPNEUMA,  Pneumathorax. 

PLEUROPNEUMONIA,  Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 

PLEUROPNEUMONITIS,  Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 

PLEUROPYESIS.  Empyema. 

PLEURORRHAGIA,  Hsematothorax. 

PLEURORRHCE'A,  from  ^'Xcvpa,  'the  side,' 
and  pcu),  '  I  flow.'  Accumulation  of  fluid  in  the 
pleura. 

PLEUKORRHCEACHYLOSAjChylothoras — p.Lyra- 
phatica,  Hydrothorax  —  p.  Purulenta,  Empyema 
— p.  Sanguinea,  Hsematothorax — p.  Serosa,  Hy- 
drothorax. 

PLEURORTHOPNOE'A,  from  vXevfta,  'the 
side,'  opSoi,  'erect,' and  irvcu),  'I  respire.'  Pain 
of  the  side,  which  does  not  permit  the  patient  to 
breathe,  except  when  in  the  vertical  position. 

PLEUROSO'MUS,  from  irXevpa,  'side.'  and 
(Tiopa,  'body.'  A  malformation  in  which  the  fis- 
sure is  somewhat  lateral,  with  eventration  ex- 
tending chiefly  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  abdo- 
men and  upon  the  chest;  the  upper  extremity 
of  the  fissured  side  being  more  or  less  atrophied. 
— Vogel. 

PLEUROSTO'SIS,  from  TrArapa,  'the  pleura,' 
and  ooTiov,  'a  bone.'  Ossification  of  the  pleura, 
or  in  the  cavity  of  the  pleura.     Osteopleu'rin. 

PLEUROTETANUS.  Pleurothotonos. 

PLEUROTHOT'ONOS,  Plenrot'onos.  Pleuro- 
tef'aniis.  Tetanus  latera'lis,  from  v'SevpoS-ev,  'late- 
rally,' and  rovoi,  'tension.'  A  variety  of  tetanus, 
in  which  the  Vjody  is  curved  laterally  by  the 
stronger  contraction  of  the  muscles  of  one  side 
of  the  body. 

PLEUROTONOS,  Pleurothotonos. 

PLEURUM,  Costa,  Pleura. 

PLEVRE,  Pleura. 

PLEXIM'ETER,  Plexom'eter,  Plegom'efer, 


PLEXOMETEB 


27 


PLORATUS 


Plesaim'eter,  AHticoposcnp'inm,  Anticnp'oscope, 
(P.)  Plessimetre,  from  ir^ijaau),  '  I  strike,'  and 
fitrpov,  'measure,'  'a  measure  of  percussion.'  An 
ivory  plate  of  a  circular  or  ovoid  shape,  from  an 
inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  diameter,  and 
about  one-sixth  of  an  inch  in  thicliness.  It  has 
either  a  raised  rim  or  edge,  or  projecting  handles 
on  its  upper  side,  to  permit  its  being  held  between 
the  finger  and  thumb  of  the  left  hand,  whilst  it 
is  struck  With  the  right.  It  is  used  in  percussion 
of  the  chest.  A  piece  of  metal,  a  coin,  or  the 
finger  of  the  left  hand  may  be  used  with  equal 
advantage.  —  See  Percussion,  mediate. 

PLEXOMETER,  Pleximeter. 

PLEXOR,  from  n'Stjaaio,  '  I  strike.'  Pleseer. 
Any  instrument  employed  in  percussion.  The 
ends  of  the  fingers  of  the  right  hand  brought  to- 
gether are  the  best  plexor ;  as  the  finger  of  the 
left  is,  perhaps,  the  best  pleximeter. 

PLEXUS,  Plegma,  Plec'tnne,  Plane,  Pete,  from 
n\FK(a,  pleeto,  '1  interlace,' '  I  entwine.'  (P.)  Lncis. 
A  network  of  blood-vessels  or  of  nerves.  The 
nervous  plexuses,  Implicatio'nes  reticula'rea  seu 
Textus  nervorum  belong  —  some  to  the  system  of 
encephalic  nerves — others  to  that  of  the  great  sym- 
pathetic; whilst  some,  as  the  pharyngeal,  seem 
to  be  formed  of  the  two  sets.  The  plexuses  re- 
present complex  networks,  with  more  or  less 
loose  meshes,  formed  by  the  numerous  and  diver- 
sified anastomoses  of  the  nervous  filaments  ;  from 
which  proceed  other  branches,  that  are  distri- 
buted to  organs,  or  to  other  plexuses. 

Plexus,  Cardiac,  Cardiac  plexus — p.  Carotid, 
see  Carotid  nerve  —  p.  Cavernosus,  Bulbus  vesti- 
buli  —  p.  Choroides,  see  Choroid  —  p.  Choroideus 
Medius,  Choroidea  tela  —  p.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  liga- 
ment— p.  Cceliaque,  Coeliac  plexus — p.  Coronarius 
ventriculi,  Gastric  plexus — p.  Coronary,  see  Car- 
diac plexus,  and  Coronary  plexus  —  p.  GanglU 
formis  semilunaris,  Coeliac  plexus  —  p.  Ganglio- 
formes,  Ganglions,  nervous  —  p.  Glandiformes, 
Ganglions,  nervous — p.  Glandulosi  Peyeri,  Peyeri 
glandulae — p.  Hederaceus,  Corpus  pampiniforme 
—  p.  Hepaticus,  Hepatic  plexus  —  p.  Infra- thy- 
roideal,  see  Thyroideal  veins — p.  Lomho-ahdomi- 
nal,  Lumbar  plexus — p.  Median,  Coeliac  plexus — 
p.  Mesenterii  proprius  et  maximus,  Coeliac  plexus 
— p.  Nervorum  anserinus.  Facial  nerve — p.  Opis- 
togastrique,  Coeliac  plexus  —  p.  Pampiniformis, 
Corpus  pampiniforme  —  p.  Pharyngeal,  see  Pha- 
ryngeal nerve  —  p.  Pneumogastricus,  see  Pneu- 
mogastrie  nerve  —  p.  Retiformis,  Corpus  caver- 
nosum  vaginae — p.  Reticularis,  Bulbus  vestibuli, 
Choroides  plexus  —  p.  Solar,  Coeliac  plexus — p. 
Sous-mesenterique,  Hypogastric  plexus — p.  Testi- 
cidnire,  Spermatic  plexus — p.  Trachelo-sous-cu- 
tane.  Cervical  plexus  —  p.  Vasculosus  funiculi 
spermatid  pampiniformis,  Corpus  pampiniforme. 

PLICA,  from  plieo,  Tr\tKii>,  '  to  fold,'  Trieho'sis 
plica,  Tricho'ma,  Trichono'sis  plica,  Tricm,  T. 
Inctibo'rum  seu  Scrofo'rum,  Plica  Poloniea  seu 
Polon'iea  Juda'ica  seu  Cachee'tica  seu  Saxon'ica 
seu  caput  Medu'scB  seu  longicau'da  latera'lis, 
Affec'tio  Sarmat'ica,  Lues  Sarmat'ica  seu  Polon'- 
iea seu  Trichomat'ica,  Helo'sis,  Helo'tis,  Gir'ra- 
gra,  Cir'rhagra,  C.  Polono'rum,  Eephy' ma  trich- 
o'ma, Morbus  Cirrho' rum,  Coma  Cassn'rea,  Kolto, 
Rhopalo'sis,  Plioa'tio,  Plicatu'ra,  Matted  hair, 
Plaited  hair,  Trichom'atose  hair,  (F.)  Plique,  P. 
Polonaise.  A  disease  endemic  in  Poland,  Lithu- 
ania, and  other  parts  of  Northern  Europe;  so 
called  on  account  of  its  being  characterized  by 
interlacing,  twisting,  and  agglutination  or  matting 
of  the  hair.  By  some  it  has  been  regarded  as  a 
real  disease  ;  by  others,  as  the  want  of  attention 
to  cleanliness.  However  this  may  be,  it  gene- 
rally appears  upon  the  hair  of  the  head,  but  some- 
times in  that  of  other  parts,  as   the   beard,  the 


hair  on  the  axilla,  pubes,  &c.  Alibert  admit!' 
three  species  of  plica.  1.  Plica  multiform' is  or 
Plica,  caput  Medu'scp,  in  which  the  hairs  are 
mixed  and  agglutinated  in  greater  or  less  masses  ; 
and  this  has  been  again  subdivided  into  two  va- 
rieties, according  as  the  meshes  are  almost 
straight  (P.  C.  31.  lachu'a'ta,  (F.)  Plique  en  la- 
nieres)  or  much  twisted,  (F.)  P.  en  vrilles.)  2. 
Plica  longicau'da,  (F.)  Plique  solitaire  ou  d 
queue  ;  when  the  hair  is  united  into  a  single  long 
mass,  and  3.  Plica  cespifo'sa,  (F.)  Plique  en  masne, 
in  which  the  hairs  are  matted  into  one  large, 
shapeless  mass.  Pinel  places  this  disease  amongst 
the  Cutaneous  phlegmasia  ;  but  it  is  far  from  de- 
monstrated, that  it  is  the  result  of  inflammation 
of  the  skin.  Certain  it  is,  however,  that  the 
tangling  of  the  hair  is  symptomatic  of  an  affec- 
tion—  sui  generis  —  of  the  dermoid  system.  The 
idea  that  it  is  entirely  owing  to  want  of  cleanliness, 
as  has  been  conceived  by  some,  is  not  tenable. 
It  has  been  supposed  to  be  produced  by  a  fungous 
growth — a  mycoderma  or  trichomajjhyte. 

Plica,  Plectane  —  p.  Cacheetica,  Plica  —  p. 
Caput  Medusae,  Plica  —  p.  Centralis  retinae,  see 
Optic  nerve  —  p.  Longicauda  lateralis,  Plica  —  p. 
Lunata,  Valvula  semilunaris  —  p.  Poloniea,  Plica 

—  p.  Poloniea  Judaioa,  Plica — p.  Saxonica,  Plica 

—  p.  Semilunaris,  Valvula  semilunaris. 

Plic^  Conniventes,  Valvule  conniventcs — p. 
Semilunares,  see  Urinary  bladder,  and  Uterus. 

PLICATIO,  Plica. 

PLICATURA,  Plica. 

PLICATUR^  CEREBRI,  Gyri  cerebri. 

PLICHOS,  Perinreum. 

PLIN'THIUM,  nXtvSiov.  A  machine  invented 
by  one  Nileus,  which  was  formerly  employed  in 
the  reduction  of  fractures  and  luxations.  Scul- 
tetus  describes  it  in  his  Armamentarium  Chirur. 
gicum. 

PLIQUE,  Plica— p.  Polonaise,  Plica. 

PLOCARIA  CANDIDA,  Fucus  amylaceus  — 
p.  Helminthoehorton,  Corallina  Corsicnna. 

PLOMR,  Plumbum. 

PLOMB  (F.).  The  sulphuretted  gas  disen- 
gaged from  privies,  which  proves  fatal  at  times 
to  the  nightmen,  (F.)  Vidangeurs,  engaged  in 
emptying  them. 

PLOMB,  ACETATE  ACTDE  DE,  Plumbi 
superacctas — p.  Blanc,  Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  p. 
Blanc  de,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Carbonate  de, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Chlorure  de,  Plumbi 
chloridum — p.  lodnre  de,  Plumbi  iodidum  : — p. 
Nitrate  de,  Plumbi  nitras — p.  Oxide  de,/ondu, 
Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — p.  Oxide  rouge  de, 
Plumbi  oxydum  rubrura  • — p.  Oxide  semi-vilreux 
de,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

PLOMB  AGE  I)ES  DENTS,  Plugging. 

PL03IBAGTNE,  Graphites. 

PLOMBiMeS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Pontes  medica'ti  Plumba'rii,  Thermcc  Phnnhnrlcn. 
Plombieres  is  a  town  in  the  department  of  the 
Vosges,  17  leagues  from  Nancy,  and  two  from 
Remiremont.  Here  are  several  sources  of  ther- 
mal water.  That  which  is  called  Supowiceous 
(F.)  Savonneuse,  is  formed  of  the  subcarbonate 
and  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  silica, 
carbonate  of  lime,  and  much  vegeto-animal  m;it- 
ter.  This  last  component,  when  held  in  solution 
by  means  of  the  subcarbonate  of  soda,  gives  to 
the  water  an  unctuous  character.  This  is  the 
origin  of  its  name.  The  waters  of  PlombiSres 
are  employed  as  solvents  in  engorgements  of  the 
abdominal  viscera,  and  as  alteratives  in  chronic 
diseases  of  the  skin. 

PLORATIO,  Lacrymatio. 

PLORATUS,  Lacrymatio. 


PLOTUS 


728 


PLUMBUM 


PLOTUS,  Leiopus. 

PLOUK,  Papula. 

PLUGGING,  (Sw.)  Phirjg,  (P.)  Tamponnement. 
The  act  of  stopping  a  hole.  The  introduction  of 
a  plug  or  dossil  of  lint  or  rag  into  a  wound  or 
natural  cavity^as  the  uterus  or  vagina — to  arrest 
hemorrhage;  or  of  some  substance  into  a  carious 
tooth  to  prevent  toothache,  (F.)  Plomhage  dea 
deitts.     See  Filling. 

PLUKE,  Papula. 

PLUM,  Prunum,  Prunus  domestiea  —  p.  Assy- 
rian, Sebestina. 

PLUMA,  Lanugo. 

PLUMACEAU,  Pledget. 

PLUMACEOLUS,  Pad,  Pledget. 

PLUMASSEAU,  Pledget. 

PLUMBAGO,  Graphites,  Persicaria. 

Plumba'go  Europ.e'a,  P.  lapathifo'Ua  seu  %m- 
dnla'ta,  from  pliimbnm,  '  lead,'  because  covered 
with  lead-coloured  spots,  Denta'rta,  Crepanel'la, 
Squama'ria,  Dentela'ria,  Leadwort,  (F.)  Dente- 
laire,  Herhe  au  Cancer,  Ifalherbe.  Ord.  Plumba- 
ginaceaj.  Sex.  Si/st.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
The  root  was  formerly  much  esteemed  as  a  cure 
for  toothache,  like  the  Pel'litory  of  Spain,  which 
is  also  called  Dentaria. 

PLUMBI  ACETAS,  P.  superacetas— p.  Acetas 
dilutum  alcoholieum.  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 
dilutus  —  p.  Acidulus  siccus,  Plumbi  superacetas 

—  p.  Carbonas,  P.  subcarbonas. 

Plumbi  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride  of  Lead,  (P.) 
Chlorure  de  Plomb.  This  salt  of  lead  has  been 
used  in  the  form  of  lotion  and  ointment  in  can- 
cerous ulcerations. 

Plumbi   Dkutoxydum    Kubrum,    P.    Oxydum 
'-  rubrum  —  p.  Hydriodas,  P.  lodidum  —  p.  lodhy- 
dras,  P.  lodidum. 

Plumbi  Iod'idum,  P.  lodure'tum  seu  Hydri'- 
odas  seu  Hijdroi'odas  seu  lodhy' draa,  Plumbum 
inda'tum  seu  Hijdro'iod'icum,  I'odide  or  lod'uret 
of  Lead,  (F.)  lodure  de  Plomb,  I.  plombiqne. 
This  salt  is  formed  by  the  double  decomposition 
of  iodide  of  potassium  and  nitrate  of  lead.  It  is 
used  in  scrofulous  aflfections  internally  and  ex- 
ternally; and  is  officinal  in  the  Pharmacopceia 
U.  S.  1851.     Dose,  gr.  ss  to  gr.  iij  or  iv. 

Plumbi  Ioduretum,  P.  lodidum. 

Plumbi  Nitras,  Plumbum  ni'tricum,  Nitras 
plumb'icua,  Nitrum  saturni' num.  Nitrate  of  lead, 
(F.)  Nitrate  ou  Azotate  de  Plomb.  A  salt  formed 
by  tlie  action  of  diluted  nitric  acid  on  litharge. 
Nitrate  of  lead  has  the  same  medical  action  as 
the  other  soluble  salts  of  lead,  and  is  a  valuable 
antibromic.  It  has  been  used,  also,  as  an  exci- 
tant antiseptic  to  wounds,  ulcers,  &c.,  and  is  the 
basis  of  Ledoyen's  disinfecting  liquid. 
^  Plumbi  Nitrosac'charas,  Nitrosac' charate  of 

lead.  (Sacchar.  p.  j  ;  Acid,  nit'-ic.  p.  ij  ;  Aqum 
p.  X.)  Beat  together  in  a  porcelain  dish  as  long 
as  chemical  action  continues:  dilute  the  liquor 
with  water,  neutralize  with  chalk,  and  to  the  fil- 
tered solution  add  acetate  of  lead  so  long  as  a 
precipitate  is  formed.  Collect,  wash,  and  dry 
the  precipitate,  which  is  saccharate  of  lead.  Dis- 
solve in  dilute  nitric  acid,  (one  part  acid  to 
nineteen  of  water,)  filter  and  evaporate  to  form 
crystals,  which  are  transparent,  of  an  amber 
colour,  and  in  regular  hexagonal  plates  or 
prisms. 

Advised  as  a  solvent  of  phosphatic  calculi. 

Plumbi  Oxydum  Album,  Plumbi  subcarbonas 

—  p.  Oxydum  carbonatum  per  aoidum  acetosura, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Oxydum  fusum,  PI. 
oxydum  semivitreura. 

Plumbi    Oxydum    RubruiM,  Hin'ium,    Miltua, 


Deutox'ydnmphnnbi  rubrum,  Suporox'ydum.  PJmm- 
ho'sum.  Plumbum  oxyda'tum  rubrum  seu  super'- 
oxydatum,  Saudix,  Sandyx,  Red  lead,  (F.)  Oxide 
de  plomb  rouge.  It  is  sometimes  used  to  kill 
vermin. 

Plumbi  Ox'ydum  Semivit'reum,  Phtmbum 
oxyda'tum,,  Lithar'gyrus,  Lithargyrum,  Lithar.- 
gyr'ium,  Oxydum  plumbi  fusum,  Spuma  argent'i, 
Semi-vit'rified  oxyd  of  lead  or  litharge,  Calciteo'- 
sa,  Cath'mia,  (F.)  Oxide  de  plomb  fondu,  Oxide 
de  plomb  semivitreux,  (a  yellow  protoxyd  of  lead, 
prepared  by  beat,  combined  witli  carbonic  acid.) 
It  occurs  in  scales  of  a  whitish-red  colour,  and 
semi-vitrified.  It  is  employed  for  pharmaceutical 
purposes,  as  in  the  Liquor  plumbi  acetatis,  Em- 
plastrum  plumbi,  &c.  Formerly,  the  Litharge  of 
gold,  Chrysi'tia,  Maa'sicot,  and  Litharge  of  silver, 
Almariab,  were  distinguished  in  commerce. 
These  were  merely  ordinary  litharge,  resembling 
gold  or  silver  in  colour. 

Plumbi  Subcar'bonas,  Car'honas  plumbi  seU 
plumbicua,  Plumbi  Carbonas  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Plum- 
bum carbonicum,  PI.  oxyda'tum  carbon' icum  Ma- 
gi ate' rium  plumbi,  Oxydum  plumbi  album,  Ceruasut 
jEru' go phimbi,  Paimmyth'ion,  Psym'mython,  Sim- 
mitium.  Flake  white,  Blanca,  Geraa,  If 'fides,  Sub- 
car'bonate  of  lead,  Cerusse,  White  lead,  (F.)  Car- 
bonate de  plomb,  Blanc  de  plomb,  Plomb  blanc, 
Ceruse,  Blanc  d' Argent,  Blanc  de  Ceruse,  Blanc 
de  Krema,  B.  de  Crema,  B.  de  Kremnitz,  Craie  de 
plomb,  (prepared  by  exposing  spiral  rolls  of  lead 
to  the  fumes  of  vinegar,  in  vessels  placed  in  dung.) 
It  is  inodorous;  has  a  sweet  taste;  is  brittle; 
friable ;  snow  white,  and  of  a  minute,  scaly  tex- 
ture. It  is  astringent  and  sedative,  and  is 
sprinkled  on  parts  affected  with  local  inflamma- 
tion, or  to  prevent  chafing  in  children.  It  is 
also  used  in  the  formation  of  ointments  and 
plasters. 

Plumbi  Superace'tas,  Cerus'sa  aceta'ta, Plumbi 
acid'ulua  siccus,  P.  ace'tas  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Sal  seu 
sac'charum  Satiir'tii,  Plumbum  ace'ticnm,  Bulce'do 
Satur'ni,  Acetas  plum'bicum  crystalliaa'tum,  Sal 
plumbi,  Sugar  of  lead,  Superac" etate  of  lead, 
Protoac"etate  of  lead,  (F.)  Acetate  acide  de 
plomb,  Sel  ou  aucre  de  Saturne.  (Plumb,  carb. 
Ibj,  Acid  acetic,  cong.  1^.  Boil  the  lead  with 
the  acid  till  it  is  saturated ;  then  strain  through 
paper,  and  evaporate  to  a  pellicle,  that  crystals 
may  be  formed.  Wash  the  crystals  and  dry  on 
blotting-paper.  Ph.  L.)  The  acetate  of  lead  has 
a  sweet,  styptic  taste  ;  a  very  white  colour,  and 
silky  lustre.  It  is  astringent;  and,  in  weak  solu- 
tion, cooling  and  sedative;  in  strong,  stimulant. 
It  is  given  internally,  in  visceral  and  other  he- 
morrhages, combined  with  opium,  and  is  used 
externally,  in  solution,  in  inflammation,  burns, 
bruises,  gonorrhcea,  &c.     Dose,  gr.  ss  to  iss. 

Plumbi  Tannas,  see  Tannin. 

PLUxMBICUM  ACETAS  CRYSTALLISA- 
TUM,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

PLUMBOSUM  SUPEROXYDUM,  Plumbi 
oxydum  rubrum. 

PLUMBUM,  Molyb'doa,  Molibdua,  Saturn'ua, 
Capricor'nus,  (F.)  Plomb.  Lead.  A  solid  metal 
of  a  bluish  white  colour;  more  malleable  than 
ductile:  soft  enough  to  be  scratched  by  the  nail; 
very  fusible  and  oxydizable,  when  heated  in  the 
air,  and  existing,  in  nature,  under  a  number 
of  different  shapes;  the  principal  of  which  are 
those  of  sulphuret  and  oxyd.     S.  g.  11.352. 

Its  use  is  to  form  oxides  and  salts.  In  its  me- 
tallic state,  it  has  no  action  upon  the  body;  but 
when  oxydized  or  united  with  an  acid,  it  acts,  in 
large  doses,  as  a  powerfully  astringent  poison. 

Plumbum  Aceticum,  Plumbi  superacetas  —  p. 
Album,  Tin — p.  Candidum,  Tin — p.  Carbonicum, 


PLUMIERA  ALBA 


729 


PNEUMOGASTRIC 


Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  p.  Cinereum,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of — p.  Hydroiodicum,  Plumbi  lodt- 
dum — p.  lodatum,  Plumbi  lodidum — p.  Nigrum, 
Graphites — p.  Nitrioum,  Plumbi  nitras — p.  O.xy- 
datum,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreuin — p.  Oxyda- 
tum  carbonicum,  Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  p.  Oxy- 
datum  rubrum,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum  —  p.  Su- 
peroxj'datura,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

PLUMIE'RA  ALBA  ;  Order,  Apocynacese  ;  a 
native  of  tropical  America,  has  a  milky  juice 
which  is  cathartic. 

Plumiera  Dras'tica,  is  given  in  Brazil  in 
jaundice,  and  chronic  obstructions,  [?]  mixed 
with  milk  of  almonds. 

Plujiiera  Phaged^'nica,  is  in  repute  in  Bra- 
zil as  an  anthelmintic. 

PLUMS,  SEEDED,  see  Diospyros  Virginiana 
—  p.  Winter,  see  Diospyros  Virginiana  —  p.  Yel- 
low, see  Diospyros  Virginiana. 

PLUNGE  BATH,  see  Bath. 

PLUNGING  SIPHON,  see  Siphon. 

PLUNKETT'S  CAUSTIC  FOR  CANCERS, 
Plunkett's  Ointment. 

Plunkett's  Ointment,  Plunkett's  Caustic  for 
Cancers.  This  empirical  cancer  remedy  consists 
of  Arsenious  acid,  Suljihur,  and  the  powdered 
flowers  of  the  Ranunculus  Jlammtda  and  Cotnla 
foetida  :  —  levigated  and  made  into  a  paste  with 
the  white  of  egg,  and  applied,  on  a  piece  of  pig's 
bladder,  to  the  surface  of  the  cancer. 

PLURAL  BIRTH,  see  Multiparous. 

PLU'TEA.  Avicenna  gives  this  name  to  du- 
plicatures  of  the  dura  mater,  such  as  the  Falx 
cerebri. 

PLUTONIUM,  Barium. 

PNEOBIOMANTIA,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEOBIOMANTICA,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUMA,  Air,  Life.  See  Pneumatic  Physi- 
cians. 

Vl^'E,\}MkVQ^TW^k,PneHmonaposte'ma,Ah- 
scessus  2ndino'niim ;  from  Tinivfioiv,  'the  lung;' and 
airocTTtjfia,  'abscess.'     Abscess  of  the  lung. 

PNEUMARTHRO'SIS,  from  wcvpia,  '  air,'  and 
apS-iiov,  'articulation.'  Secretion  of  air  into  an 
articular  cavity.  Seen  at  times  after  acute  rheu- 
matism, but  soon  disappearing  [?]. 

PNEUMATELECTASIS,  Atelectasis  pulmo- 
num. 

PNEUMATH^'MIA,  Pneumatoi'mia,  from 
TTVixtjia,  TTvivjiaTog,  '  air,'  and  'ai/xa,  '  blood.'  A 
morbid  condition  in  which  air  is  developed  in  the 
bloodvessels. — Cless. 

PNEUxMATHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

PNEUMAT'IC,  Pneumat'icus,  Pneumat'ieaU 
(F.)  Pneumatique,  from  wvev/ia,  Trvevfiaros,  'life, 
air.'     Relating  to  pneuma,  air  or  health. 

Pneumat'io  Physicians,  Pneumat'ici.  Name 
given  to  a  sect  of  physicians,  at  the  head  of  whom 
was  Athenffius,  who  made  health  and  disease  to 
consist  in  the  different  proportions  of  an  element 
— which  they  called  Pneuma,  Trvev/ia — to  those  of 
the  other  elementary  principles.  This  Trvtu/za  was 
a  fancied  spiritual  principle,  which  the  Stoics  re- 
garded as  an  element,  different  from  water,  air, 
earth  and  fire; — the  sole  elementary  principles 
previously  admitted. 

PNEUMAT'IC  A,  from  -rrvevna,  wsviiaroi;,  'air.' 
Appertaining  to  the  breathing.  Diseases  of  the 
respiratorj'  function  ; — the  second  class  in  Good's 
system  of  nosology.  Agents  that  act  on  the  re- 
spiratory organs. — Pereira. 

PNEUMATICAL,  Pneumatic. 

PNEUMATOCELE,  Physocele. 

PNEUMATO'DES,  from  :rwu//«,  'wind,'  and 


£1(5.  f, 'resemblance.'  One  distended  with  air,  or 
who  breathes  with  difficulty,  owing  to  an  accumu- 
lation of  flatus  in  the  digestive  tube  ;  or,  accord- 
ing to  others,  owing  to  emphysema. 

PNEUMATOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PNEUMATOMPHALOCELE,  Pneumatom- 
phalus. 

PNEUMATOM'PHALUS,  Pneumaiom  '  . 
ce'le,  from  -irvcviia,  Trici/K/roj,  'air,'  and  ufi^aXos, 
'the  umbilicus.'  Umbilical  intestinal  hernia, 
containing  a  considerable  quantity  of  flatus. 

PNEUMATOR'RHACHIS,  from  T-^ri.f,,,,  Trw- 
iiaros,  'air,' and  V^X'?'  't^^^  spine.'  Accumula- 
tion of  air  in  the  vertebral  canal. 

PNEUMATOSE,  Pneumatosis— /j.  Ptritoneule, 
Tympanites. 

PNEUMATO'SIS,  Aero'sis,  from  -rtviia,  nvev- 
fiaroi,  'air.'  Flatus,  (F.)  Jfaladie  venteuse,  Pneu- 
matose.  Flatulence.  Flatulent  distension  of  the 
stomach  or  bowels,  or  both.  Snuvages  uses  the 
word  synonymously  with  emphysema.  It  is  now 
generally  employed  for  every  abnormous  collec- 
tion of  gaseous  matters  in  any  part  of  the  body. 

Pneumatosis,  Emphysema  —  p.  Abdominis, 
Tympanites  — p.  Enterica,  Colica  flatulenta  —  p. 
Pericardii,  Pneumo-perieardium  —  p.  Pulmonum, 
Emphysema  of  the  lungs  —  p.  Ventriculi,  et 
Pneumatosis  enterica.  Flatulence. 

PNEUMATOTHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

PNEUMECTASIS,  Emphysema  of  the  Lungs. 

PNEUMOCACE_,  Necropneumonin. 

PNEUMOCE'LE,  Hernia  pnhno'nis,  (F.)  Her- 
nie  du  poiimon.  Hernia  of  the  lung  through  one 
of  the  intercostal  spaces. 

PNEUMOCHOLOSIS,  Pneumonia  (bilious). 

PNEUMOCHYSIS,  (Edema  of  the  lungs. 

PNEmWECTASIE,  Emphysema  of  the 
lungs. 

PNEUMOGAS'TRIC,  Pneumocjns'tricus,  (F.) 
Pneumogastrique,  from  zvev/xiov,  'the  lung,'  and 
yaaTrjp.  'the  stomach.'  Belonging  to  the  lungs 
and  stomach. 

Pneumogastrtc  Nerves,  EiyJith  pair  nf  nerves 
(Tenth  pair,  of  some,)  Par  var/um,  Pais  vaga, 
Nervus  vagus  sen  ambidato'rius  sou  pneuynogas'- 
tricus  seu  dec"imvs  seu  syrnpath'icns  me' dins,  Mid- 
dle sympathetic,  (F.)  Nerfs  pneumognstriques  ou 
vagues;  so  called  because  it  is  distributed  espe- 
cially to  the  organs  contained  in  the  chest  and  ab- 
domen. This  nerve  arises  from  behind  the  emi- 
nentise  olivaria;  and  near  the  corpora  restiformia 
by  one  or  two  rows  of  filaments,  regularly  arranged. 
These  filaments  unite  to  form  a  flat  cord,  which 
issues  from  the  cranium  by  the  foramen  lacerum 
posterius  ;  behind  the  glosso-pharyng-eal  nerve. 
At  its  exit  from  the  cranium,  the  pneumogastric 
nerve  has  the  appearance  of  a  very  compact 
plexus  —  Plexus  gangliform'is,  Ganglion  of. the 
superior  laryngeal  branch,  of  Sir  Astley  Cooper. 
It  then  descends  along  the  neck,  deeply  seated 
on  the  outside  of  the  carotid  artery  and  the  inter- 
nal jugular  vein.  When  it  has  attained  the  lower 
part  of  the  neck,  it  enters  the  chest,  gliding  be- 
hind the  subclavian  vein,  and  passing  on  the 
right  side,  in  front  of  the  subclavian  artery,  and 
on  the  left,  before  the  arch  of  the  aorta.  It  pro- 
ceeds, at  first,  backwards,  increasing  in  size. 
Afterwards,  it  passes  from  behind  the  bronchia 
to  the  oesophagus,  which  it  accompanies  through 
the  diaphragm,  and  terminates  on  the  stomaeli. 
In  the  neck,  the  pneumogastrrc  nerve  anasto- 
moses with  the  spinal,  glosso-pharyngeal,  great 
hypo-glossal,  and  great  sympathetic  nerves;  and 
furnishes,  1,  a  pharyngeal  branch,  2,  a  superior 
laryngeal,  3,  cardiac  branches.     In  the  chest,  it 


PNEUxMOGRAPHY 


0 


PNEUMONOCELE 


gives  off,  1,  the  inferior  laryngeal,  or  recurrent, 
2,  the  'pulmonary  plexus,  and,  3,  the  cesopjhageal 
branches.  On  entering  the  abdomen,  the  oeso- 
phageal branches,  which  terminate  the  pneumo- 
gastric,  are  distributed  upon  the  stomach,  and 
give  numerous  filaments  to  that  viscus,  to  the 
hepatic,  coeliae,  gastro-epiploic,  and  solar  plex- 
uses. Some  go,  also,  to  the  pancreas,  liver,  gall- 
bladder, duodenum,  &C. 

PNEUMOGr'RAPHT,  Pneimogra'pMa,  from 
>rv£u/2u)i',  'the  lung,'  and  ypa^ri,  'a  description.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  that  describes  the  lungs. 

PXEUMOLITHI'ASIS,  from  ttveviiuiv,  'lung,' 
and  \t&iaais,  '  formation  of  stone.'  A  morbid  state 
in  which  calculi  form  in  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOL'OGY,  Pneumolog"ia,  from  nvevubiv, 
'  the  lung,'  and  Xoyo;,  '  a  discourse.'  An  anato- 
mical treatise  on  the  lungs.  An  anatomical  de- 
scription of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOMETER,  Spirometer. 
PNBDMOM'ETRY,  Pneumomet'ria,  from  Tri^eu- 
fihsv,  '  the  lung,'  and  itcrgov,  '  measure.'    Measure- 
ment of  the  capacity  of  the  lungs  for  air.     See 
Spirometer. 

PNEUMON,  Pulmo. 
PNEUMONALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 
PNEUMONATELECTASIS,  Atelectasis  pul- 
monum. 
PNEUMONECROSTE,'RQQro-^n&nmov.\!}.. 
PNEUMONECTASIS,     Emphysema    pulmo- 
oum. 

PNEUMONEMPHRAX'IS.from  Kvevjxwv,  'the 
lung,'  and  cn^pifi?,  '  obstruction.'  Congestion 
and  infarction  of  the  lungs. 

PXEUMO'NIA,  Peripneumo'nia,  Emprea'ma 
pneumoni'tis,  Pleumo'nia,  Peripneumo' itia,  Pueu- 
moni'tis,  Pulmo'nia,  Pulmona'ria,  lujiamnia' tio 
pneumon'ica,  I.  pec'toris  acu'ta  seu  pnlmo'num, 
Pneumos'tasis,  Fehris  pneumon'ica,  Pnen'mony, 
Peripneu'mony,  Inflammation  of  the  Lnngs,  Lung- 
fever  (vulgarly),  [Y.)  Inflammation  des  ponntnns, 
Pi^vre pneumonique  ou  peripneumonique,  Fluxion 
de  poitrine.  Inflammation  du  pnrenchyme  pvlnio- 
naire.  From  Trvevftuiv,  'the  lung.'  The  chief 
symptoms  of  pneumonia  are  :  —  pyrexia,  accom- 
panied by  pain,  sometimes  obtuse,  at  others  pun- 
gent,— in  some  part  of  the  thorax  ;  pulse  more  or 
less  quick  and  hard,  according  to  the  violence 
and  extent  of  the  local  disorder;  pain,  aggrava- 
ted by  the  cough,  which,  with  dyspnoea,  exists 
throughout  the  disease.  At  first,  the  expectora- 
tion is  difficult  and  painful;  but,  in  the  course  of 
a  few  days,  it  becomes  free,  and  the  oppression 
of  breathing  is  mitigated.  When  the  inflamma- 
tion, instead  of  going  off  by  resolution,  passes  on 
to  suppuration,  rigors  are  experienced;  the  re- 
spiration becomes  more  oppressed,  but  less  pain- 
ful, and  a  sense  of  weight  is  felt  in  one  of  the 
pleuras.  Pneumonia  may,  also,  terminate  by 
gangrene — but  this  rarely  happens, —  by  indura- 
tion and  by  hepatization. 

Physical  Signs.  FiRST  Stage,  (F.)  Engoue- 
ment.  Diminution  of  the  sound  is  generally  ob- 
served over  the  affected  part  on  percussion;  aus- 
cultation exhibits  an  equal,  dry,  crepitating  rale, 
■which  is  best  heard  at  the  close  of  a  deep  inspi- 
ration, and  on  coughing.  The  respiratory  mur- 
mur is  intermingled  with  the  crepitant  rale,  or  it 
may  be  absent.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
affected  part.^  it  is  natural  or  puerile.  The  voice 
and  cough  are  rather  more  resonant  than  usual. 
Second  Stage,  (F.)  Hepatisation  rouge.  AVhen 
hepatization  has  occurred,  the  motion  of  the  af- 
fected side  is  impeded,  and  immediately  above 
the  sternum  and  in  the  corresponding  triangular 
space  on  either  side,  there  is  often  an  evident 
depression.     Percussion  is  dull  over  the  affected 


part  in  every  position  of  the  patient.  On  auscul- 
tation, the  crepitation  is  found  to  be  replaced  by 
bronchial  respiration.  The  respiratory  murmur 
is  louder  in  the  other  portions  of  the  lung,  the 
voice  and  cough  are  more  resonant,  and  the 
heart's  action  is  more  distinct.  Third  Stage, 
(F.)  Hepatisation  grise.  When  suppuraticin  su- 
pervenes, the  same  signs  persist;  but  usually  the 
voice  and  cough  are  less  resonant,  and  a  coarse, 
mucous  rale  is  heard.  When  gangrenous  or  sup- 
purative cavities  are  formed,  they  present  the 
ordinary  signs. 

The  prognosis  must  be  guarded.  It  is  not  a 
disease  which  we  can  always  subdue.  Great  ex- 
tent of  inflammation  ;  very  considerable  oppres- 
sion ;  orthopnoea,  and  difficult  expectoration  are 
unfavourable  symptoms.  The  most  active  treat- 
ment is  of  course  necessary.  General  bleeding 
forms  the  sheet  anchor, — employed  so  as  to  make 
a  decided  impression  on  the  system,  and  repeated, 
if  necessary;  local  blood-letting;  nauseating 
doses  of  antimonials ;  purgatives;  and  when  the 
violence  of  the  inflammation  has  been  got  under, 

—  counter-irritants,  &c.  Chronic  pneumonia 
sometimes  succeeds  the  acute,  and,  at  others, 
occurs  accidentally.  It  must  be  managed  on 
general  principles.  Small  bleedings,  especially 
local]}';  and  counter-irritants  of  all  kinds  are 
indicated. 

Pseumoxia  Biliosa,  P.  bilious. 

Pneumonia,  Bil'ious,  P.  hilio'sa,  Pneumocho- 
lo'sis.  Inflammation  of  the  lungs,  accompanied 
by  gastric  fever,  and  not  uncommonly  by  typhoid 
symptoms; — Pneumotyphus,  Pneumo'nia  tyjihoV- 
des  seu  typho'des  seu  typjho'sa,  Putrid,  typhoid, 
adynamic,  or  eryiijjel'atous  pneumo'nia. 

Pneumonia,  Erysipelatous,  P.  bilious  —  p. 
Gangrtenosa,  Neoropneumonia  —  p.  Hypostatica, 
Pneumonypostasis  —  p.  Intermittens,  Pneumoty- 
posis — p.  Lobular,  see  Lobular — p.  Notha,  Peri- 
pneumonia notha — p.  Pleuritis,  Pleuropneumonia 
— p.  Putrid,  P.  bilious  —  p.  Typhodes,  P.  bilious 

—  p.  Typhoid,  P.  bilious  —  p.  Tj'phosa,  P.  bilious, 
Neoropneumonia — p.  Vesicular,  Bronchitis,  vesi- 
cular. 

PNEUMONIC,  Pulmonic. 

PNEUMON'ICA.  From  rviv^iov,  'the  lung.' 
Diseases  affecting  the  lungs,  their  membranes  or 
motive  power ;  characterized  by  irregular,  im- 
peded, or  painful  respiration.  The  second  order 
of  the  class  Pneumatica  of  Good. 

PNEUMONIC'ULA,  diminutive  of  pneumonia. 
A  slight  inflammation  of  the  lung. 

PNEUMONICUS,  Pulmonic. 

PNEVMONIE,  Pneumonia — p.  Disseminee, 
see  Lobular — p.  Lohulaire,  see  Lobular — p.  Ma- 
melonnes,  see  Lobular. 

PNEU3I0NIE  DES  AGONISANTS,  Pneu- 
monic hypostatique.  The  hj'peraemic  engorge- 
ment, which  takes  place  in  the  lungs  during  the 
last  moments  of  life,  has  been  so  termed.  It 
would  seem  to  be  hyperemia  rather  than  inflam- 
mation. 

PNEUMONIT'IC,  Pneumonit'icua.  Of,  or  be- 
longing  to  pneumonitis,  or  inflammation  of  the 
lungs. 

PNEUMONITIS,  Pneumonia. 

PNEUxMONOCARCINO'MA,  from  Trvev^twp, 
'the  lung,'  and  KajjKiv^jia,  'cancer.'  Cancer  of 
the  lungs. 

PNEUMONOCE'LE.  from  ^viv,iu>v,  'the  lung,' 
and  ktjXj;,  '  rupture.'     Hernia  of  the  lung. 

Pnkumonoce'le  Diaphragmat'ica  Inter'na. 
Hernia  of  the  lung  through  the  diaphragm. 

Pneumonocele  Exter'na  seu  Thorac"ica. 
Hernia  through  the  parietes  of  the  chest. 


PNEUMONCEDEMA 


•81 


PODENCEPHALUS 


Pneumonocele  Thoracica,  Pn.  externa. 

PNEUMONCEDEMA,  (Edema  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMONOMELANOSIS,  see  Melanosis. 

PNEUP/IONOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PNEUMONOPHTHISIS,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PNEUMONOPHTHOE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PNEUMONOPLEURESIS,  Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 

PNEUMONOPLEURITIS,  Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 

PNEUMONORRHAGIA,  Hjemoptysis. 

PNEUMONORRHCEA,  Hemoptysis. 

PNEUMONOSCIR'RHUS,  from  ^vev^Lu)v,  '  the 
lung,'  and  axippos,  '  induration.'  Induration  of 
the  lungs. 

PNEmiONOSES,  Pneumoses. 

PNEUMONY,  Pneumonia. 

PNEUMONYPOS'TASIS,  Pnetimo'nm  Jiypo- 
stat'ica.  Pneumonia  in  a  depending  portion  of 
the  lung,  caused  by  lying  on  the  back. 

PNH  U310PEBICARDE,  Pneumo  -  pericar- 
dium. 

PNEUMO-PERICARD'IUM,  Pnenmo- peri- 
carditis, Pnevmato'sis  pericard'ii,  (F.)  Pneiimo- 
pericarcle,  from  nvcvfia,  'air,'  and  iTtpiKapSiov, 
'pericardium.'  Laennec  designates,  under  this 
name,  the  effusion  of  air  into  the  cavity  of  the 
pericardium. 

PNEUMOPHTHISIS,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PNEUMOPHYMATA,  Tubercles  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOPLEURESIS,  Pleuroperipneumony. 

PNEUMOPTHOE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PNEUMORRHAGIA,  Haemoptysis  —  p.  In- 
terna, Hsematothorax. 

PNEUMOSEPSIS,  Neeropneumonia. 

PNEU3I0SES,  from  irvcvfKov,  'the  lung.'  A 
term  under  which  Alibert  comprises  every  mor- 
bid affection  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOTHO'RAX,  Pneumatho'rax,  Pnev- 
watotho'rux,  Emphyse'ma  pcc'toris,  Asthma  aeri- 
ttm  seu  emphysemat'icum,  Pyspnce'a  pneumat'ica 
Beu  physothorac"ica,  Physotho'rax,  Aerothn'rax, 
Aeropleiirie  (Piorry),  from  TTvuv/ia,  'air,'  and 
^(apa^,  '  the  thorax.'  An  accumulation  of  air  in 
the  cavity  of  the  pleura.  A  complaint  generally 
sudden  in  its  invasion  and  fatal  in  its  character. 
In  many  instances,  along  with  the  air,  a  liquid  is 
effused, — Hydropneumothorax.  The  disease  may 
be  spontaneous  and  simple,  but  in  a  large  pro- 
portion of  cases  it  is  complicated  with  pleurisy 
and  pulmonary  tubercles.  The  signs  vary  ac- 
cording as  there  is,  or  is  not,  a  communication 
between  the  pleura  and  the  bronchia.  The  af- 
fected side  gives  a  hollow,  tympanitic  sound, 
even  where  the  thickness  of  the  parietes  of  the 
thorax  is  great.  AVhen  the  effusion  is  consider- 
able, the  affected  side  is  dilated,  but  there  is  no 
rale  of  any  kind.  When  a  gaseous  and  a  liquid 
effusion  are  present  at  the  same  time,  the  sound 
on  percussion  is  found  to  be  clear  at  the  superior 
part  of  the  thorax,  but  dull  inferiorly;  hence,  by 
varying  the  position  of  the  patient,  and  by  con- 
sequence that  of  the  contained  fluids,  the  seats 
of  the  clear  and  the  dull  sound  will  be  varied. 
M''hen  the  gaseous  effusion  is  owing  to  a  fistulous 
communication  between  the  pleura  and  bronchia, 
the  metallic  respiration  and  resonances  are  heard  ; 
and  if  there  be  both  gaseous  and  liquid  effusion, 
with  a  fistulous  communication,  in  addition  to 
these  signs  there  is  the  tintement  metalliqne.  The 
presence  of  liquid  can  always  be  ascertained  by 
succussion.     See  Emphrysema  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOT'OMY,  Pneumotom'ia,  from  nvtviiinv. 


'the  lung,'  and  t£//v(d,  'I  cut.'    Dissection  of  the 
lungs. 

PNEUMOTYPHUS,  Pneumonia,  typhoid. 

PNEUMOTYPO'SIS,  Pyieumo'nia  intermit'- 
tens,  from  Trve-vfitap,  '  the  lung,'  and  tuttoj,  '  a 
stamp,  a  type.'  Pneumonia  characterized  by 
periodicity. 

PNEUOBIOMANTIA,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUSIOBIOGNOSIS,  Docimasia  pulmonum.  ' 

PNEUSIOBIOSCOPE,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUSIS,  Respiration  —  p.  Pertussis,  Pertus- 
sis—  p.  Singultus,  Singultus  —  p.  Tussis,  Tussis. 

PNEUSOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PNIGALION,  Incubus. 

PNIGMOS,  Orthopnoea,  Strangulation. 

PNIGOPHOBIA,  Angina  pectoris,  Suffocation. 

PNIX,  Orthopnoea,  Strangulation. 

PNOE,  Aura. 

PN(EUM.  A  nostrum  of  Dr.  Samuel  Hahne- 
mann, the  founder  of  the  '  Homoeopathic  System,' 
which  consisted  —  it  is  said  —  of  boras  only  ! 

PNOOCOLYTICUS,  Asthmatic. 

POAD-MILK,  Colostrum. 

POCHE  DES  EAUX,  see  Liquor  Amnii,  and 
Parturition. 

POCK,  from  Teut.  pocca,  'poch  or  little 
pouch.'     A  pustule  of  smallpox. 

PocK-AER,  Pock-mark,  see  Cicatrix  —  p.  Kine, 
Vaccina. 

POCKFRETTEN,  see  Pockmark. 

POCKHOLE,  Pockmark. 

POCKMARK,  Pochliole,  (Prov.)  Poch-arr, 
Serobic'nlus  seu  Cica'trix  Vari'ola.  The  mark 
or  pit  or  pitting  left  from  a  smallpox  pustule. 
One  pitted  with  smallpox  is  said  to  he  pock/retten 
or  pockfredden. 

POCKY.  Infected  with,  or  appertaining  to, 
or  resembling,  smallpox  or  syphilis. 

POC'ULUM  ABSINTHIA'TUM.  This  was 
regarded,  in  remote  ages,  as  a  wholesome  beve- 
rage:  the  absinthium,  or  'wormwood,'  being  sup- 
posed to  act  as  an  antidote  to  drunkenness. 

PocuLUM  AMATORiujr,  Philter  —  p.  Diogenis, 
Palm  —  p.  Emetieum,  Goblet,  emetic. 

POD'AGRA,  Podarthri'tis,  Podorrheu'ma,  Po- 
dal'yia,  from  ttouj,  roios,  '  the  foot,'  and  aypa, 
'  seizure.'  Pain  which  attacks  the  feet.  Gout, 
situate  in  the  articulations  of  the  foot.  It  has, 
also,  been  used  in  a  more  extensive  signification 
synonymously  with  gout. 

Podagra  Aberrans,  Gout,  (wandering)  —  p. 
Arthritis,  Gout  —  p.  Retrograda,  Gout,  (retro- 
grade.) 

PODAGRARTA.  Ligusticum  podagraria  —  p. 
jSilgopodium,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

PODAG'RIC,  Podag'rical,  Podag'ricvs,  Ar- 
thri't'icus,  Arthrit'ic,  Goiity,  (F.)  Govttenx.  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  gout.  Affected  with,  or 
liable  to  gout. 

PODALGIA,  Gout,  Podagra. 

PODALYRIATINCTORIA,Sophoratinctoria. 

PODANENCEPHALIA,  see  Podencephalus. 

PODARTHRITIS,  Podagra. 

PODARTHROC'ACE,  from  ttov?,  ro^of,  'the 
foot,'  apSpov,  'an  articulation,'  and  KaKos,  'bad.' 
Caries  of  the  articulation  of  the  foot. 

PODENCEPHALIA,  see  Podencephalus. 

PODENCEPH'ALUS,  Podanenceph' alus,  from 
TTouf,  iro(5of,  'the  foot,'  and  Kc<pa\rj,  'the  head.'  A 
monster  whose  brain  is  placed  outside  the  skull, 
and  seems  to  be  supported  on  a  pedicle,  which 
traverses  the  summit  of  the  skull.     This  state  of 


PODEX 


732 


POISON 


monstrosity  is  termed  Podanencepha'lia,  or  more 
properly,  Podcncepha'lia. — I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 
PODEX,  Anus,  Nates. 

PODCEDE'MA,  from  Trouy,  rro&oi,  'foot,'  and  ot- 
f'riiia,  'a  swelling.'     ffidema  of  the  foot. 

POBOL'OGY,  Podolog"ia,  from  -novg,  iroSog, 
'the  foot,' and  \oyog,  'a  discourse.'  A  description 
of  the  foot.     A  treatise  on  the  foot. 

PODOPHYL'LUM  PELTA'TUM,  PodopTiyV- 
him,  Annpodophyll' um  Canadense,  Jlfay-apple, 
Mnndrnhe.  Ord.  Berberidacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Poly- 
andria  Monogynia;  from  Trouf,  -aoios,  'a  foot,'  and 
<pv\\ov,  'a  leaf,'  in  reference  to  the  shape  of  the 
leaf.  A  common  plant  throughout  North  America. 
The  fruit  is  eatable,  and  esteemed  by  many.  The 
leaves  are  said  to  be  poisonous.  The  root  or 
rhizoma,  Podophyllum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  purgative 
in  the  dose  of  20  grains.  It  has  also  been  used 
as  an  anthelmintic. 

Podophyllum  Monta'num,  3Iountahi  May-ap- 
ple, 3Iandrake,  Wild  Lemon,  Duchsfoot,  Maceoon 
Berry,  Yellow  Berry,  Ground  Lemon,  has  the 
same  properties. 

PODORRHEIIMA,  Podagra. 

PODOTHE'CA,  from  irons,  iroSog,  'a  foot,'  and 
driKrj,  'a  rece[itacle,  a  sheath.'  The  cuticle  of  the 
foot.  An  anatomical  preparation.  Chirothe'ca, 
has  been  used  for  the  cuticle  of  the  hand. 

POELETTE,  Cup,  Palette. 

POE'PHAGUS,  from  -rrorj,  or  iroa,  'a  plant,  an 
herb,'  and  (payiii,  'I  eat.'  One  who  subsists  on 
herbs  or  vegetables.  The  act  of  subsisting  or 
feeding  on  herbs  or  vegetables  is  called  Poe- 
phay"ia.     Hence  Strabo  calls  the  Irish  -ori<payoi. 

POGON,  Beard. 

POGONI'ASIS,  Pogo'nia,  from  Truywv,  'the 
beard.'  A  female  beard.  Also,  great  strength 
or  quantity  of  beard.  A  female  having  a  beard 
—  Vira'ffo. 

POGO'NIUM,  TTuyuiviov,  diminutive  of  voiyiov, 
'beard.'     A  weak  or  small  beard. 

POGONOL'OGY,  Por,onolog"{a,  from  ircoyuv, 
'a  beard,'  and  Aoyof,  'a  description.'  A  descrip- 
tion of,  or  treatise  on,  the  beard. 

POGOSTEMON  INTERMEDIUS,  P.  Pat- 
chouli. 

PoGOSTE'jrox  Patchoult,  p.  Suavis  sen  infer- 
ne'dius,  Pncha-Pat,  Patchouli.  Nat.  Ord.  La- 
biatee.  Native  of  Penang  and  the  Malayan  pe- 
ninsula. The  oil  is  vised  as  a  perfume.  The  dis- 
tilled oil  is  used  for  the  same  purpose. 

PoGOSTEMON  Suavis,  P.  Patchouli. 

POHON  ANTIAR,  Upas  — p.  Upas,  Upas. 

POL  A  favourite  aliment  in  the  Sandwich 
Islands.  It  is  a  sort  of  paste  made  from  the  root 
of  the  Kalo  —  Arum  eaculen' turn,. 

POIDS  ET  MESUIiES,  Weights  and  mea- 
sures. 

POIGNEE,  Manipulus. 

POIGNET,  Carpus. 


POTL,  Galaetocele,  Hair. 

POILETTE,  Cup. 

POLLS,  see  Typha  latifolia. 

POLNG,  Fist, 

POINT,  Stitch. 

Point,  Blistering.  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
Rush  to  an  indeterminate  period  in  the  course 
of  a  continued  fever,  intermediate  between  the 
stages  of  high  e.^citement  and  collapse,  in  which 
blisters  will  — he  thought  —  usually  produce  un- 
equivocally good  effects. 

POLNT  DE  C0T£,  Pleurodynia. 

POLNTS  LACRTMAUX,  Lachrj-malia 
puncta. 

POIRE,  see  Pyrus  communis. 

POIREAU,  Allium  porrum.  Verruca. 

POIRIER,  Pyrus  communis. 

POTS,  Pisum — p.  &  Cautere,  see  Fonticulus — 
p.  Chiche,  Cicer  arietinum — p>.  Cultive,  Pisum — 
p.  d  Gratter,  Dolichos  pruriens — p.  Patate,  Doli- 
chos  tuberosus. 

POISON,  Phar'viacon,  Phar'macum,  Tox'icnm, 
Vene'num,  Virus,  Delete' rixtm,  Venena'tion,  (F. } 
Poison.  A  generic  name  for  all  substances  which, 
when  introduced  into  the  animal  economy,  either 
by  cutaneous  absorption,  respiration,  or  the  di- 
gestive canal,  act  in  a  noxious  manner  on  the 
vital  properties  or  the  texture  of  organs.  Hence 
we  speak  of  fever  poison,  cholera  p)oison,  Ac. 
Poisons  exist  in  the  three  kingdoms  of  nature; 
but  those  which  proceed  from  animals  are  often 
called  venoms,  as  the  venom  of  the  viper,  scor- 
pion, tarantula,  &c. ;  whilst  those  that  are  the 
products  of  disease  have  the  name  virus.  In 
common  parlance,  therefore,  poison  is  restricted 
to  deleterious  articles,  furnished  by  the  mineral 
and  vegetable  kingdoms.  Orfila  has  divided  poi- 
sons into  four  classes.  1.  Acrid,  Ir'ritating, 
CoRRo'siVE,  or  Escharot'ic,  such  as  the  concen- 
trated acids  and  alkalies;  mercurial,  arseniacal, 
cupreous,  and  antimonial  compounds,  canthari- 
des,  &c.  2.  Narcot'ic;  those  that  act  particu- 
larly upon  the  brain  ;  as  hyoscj'amus,  opium,  Ac, 
but  without  inflaming  the  organ  with  which  they 
come  in  contact.  .3.  Narcot'ico-Acrid  or  Acro- 
narcot'ic  ;  —  those  that  act  on  the  brain,  but,  at 
the  same  time,  irritate  the  parts  to  which  they 
are  applied ;  as  aconite,  belladonna,  &c.  4.  Sep- 
tic or  Putres'cent;  —  those  furnished  by  the 
animal  kingdom.  See  Venom  and  Virus.  Va- 
rious classifications,  of  a  similar  character,  have 
been  recommended  by  different  toxicologists  :  but 
they  are  liable  to  the  objection,  that  they  throw 
substances  together  whose  physiological  action 
on  the  system  is  very  different.  It  is,  indeed, 
difficult  to  avoid  unnatural  compression  of  mat- 
ters into  places  not  properly  belonging  to  them, 
in  all  such  arrangements. 

The  following  table,  which  exhibits  a  coup  d'ceil 
of  the  chief  poisons,  with  most  of  the  circum- 
stances of  importance  connected  with  them,  is 
not  free  from  these  objections 


POISONS 


73  3 


POISONS 


TABLE,  EXHIBITING   THE    SYMPTOMS,  TREATMENT,  AND   MODE    OF    DETECTING 
THE  VARIOUS  POISONS,  MINERAL,  VEGETABLE  AND  ANIMAL. 

iV.  B.  In  all  cases  the  Stomach- Pump  should  he  used  as  soon  as  possible. 

I.   INORGANIC    POISONS. 


Poisons. 


ACIDS. 

Acetic  Acid. 

Citric  Acid. 

Muriatic  Acid. 

JVitric  Acid. 

Sulphuric  Acid. 

Tartaric  Acid. 

Oxalic  Acid. 


Prussic  Acid. 

Oil  of  Bitter  Al- 
monds. 

Laurel  IVater, 


ALKALIES  and 
their  SALTS. 

Ammonia, 

Stronir  Liquor  or 

Water  of. 

Muriate  of  Am- 
monia or  Sal 
Ammoniac, 

POTASSA. 

Caustic  Potassa, 
and  Liquor  Po- 
tassa. 

Carbonate  of  Po- 
tassa, or  Pearl 
Ash;  and  Salt 
of  Tartar. 

N'itrate  of  Potas- 
sa or  Saltpetre. 

Sulphurct  of  Po- 
tassium or  Li- 
ver of  Sulphur, 

Soda. 


The  acids,  generally,  are 
strong  corrosive  poisons. 
Sour,  acrid  taste,  burning 
in  the  throat,  which  is  in- 
creased by  pressure,  swal- 
lowing, or  couching;  eruc- 
tation, and  excruciating 
pain  in  the  stomach;  more 
or  less  corrugation  of  the 
lining  membranes  of  the 
mouth  and  prims  viie ;  ex- 
coriation about  the  mouth 
or  such  other  parts  of  the 
skin  as  the  acid  may  have 
touched.  The  matter  vo- 
mited effervesces  with  car- 
bonate of  lime.  The  coun- 
tenance becomes  glazed,  ex- 
tremities cold  and  clammy ; 
convulsions  and  death.  Ni- 
tric acid  occasions  yellow 
stains,  and  sulphuric  acid, 
black. 


Is  a  sedative  poison  ;  nau- 
sea, giddiness,  debility,  hur- 
ried pulse,  weight  and  pain 
in  the  head ;  eructations 
having  the  flavour  of  the 
acid;  spasms,  tetanus,  con- 
tractile pupil;  convulsions, 
death. 


Violent,  caustic,  acrid 
taste;  great  heat  in  the 
throat,  with  destruction  of 
its  lining  membrane;  diffi- 
cult and  painful  degluti- 
tion ;  vomiting  of  bloody 
matter,  which  turns  the 
yellow  of  turmeric  brown  ; 
acute  pain  in  the  stomach  ; 
cold  sweats,  weakness,  hic- 
cough ;  violent  colic  pains, 
with  purging  of  bloody 
stools  and  membranous 
flakes ;  death. 


The  nitrate  of  potassa 
will  not  manifest  the  effect 
with  turmeric  paper.  The 
carbonates,  when  vomited, 
will  effervesce  vi'ith  acids; 
and  the  liver  of  sulphur 
will  give  rise  to  eructations 
of  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 


EARTHS      and 
COMPOUNDS. 


Car'ynnate  of  Ba- 
ryta. 

Chlmtde  of  Ba- 
rium. 

JVitrate    ef   Ba- 
ryt!.. 

Lime. 


Analogous  to  those  of 
the  corrosive  metals.  Vio- 
lent burning  in  the  sto- 
mach, vomiting,  gripes, 
diarrhoea ;  excessive  mus- 
cular debility,  headache, 
convulsions,  death.  Lime 
differs  from  baryta  in  being 
a  pure  irritant. 


Treatment. 


The  carbonates  of  soda, 
potassa,  lime  and  magne- 
sia, are  all  antidotes  to  the 
acids;  calcined  magnesia 
also.  They  are  to  be  used 
with  the  following  restric- 
tions :  for  the  acetic,  citric, 
muriatic,  sulphuric,  and 
tartaric  acids,  they  may  be 
used  indiscriminately.  For 
the  nitric  and  oxalic,  car- 
bonates of  magnesia  and 
lime  can  alone  be  employed 
with  safety.  In  the  case  of 
sulphuric  acid,  water  should 
not  be  drunk,  on  account 
of  the  great  heat  which  is 
produced  by  their  mixture. 
Subsequent  inflammation 
to  be  treated  by  ordinary 
means. 

The  carbonates  of  the  al- 
kalies and  of  magnesia  and 
lime  have  the  inconve- 
nience, that  a  large  quan- 
tity of  gas  is  extricated  in 
the  stomach. 

Ammonia  is  an  antidote; 
but  it  should  not  be  em- 
ployed in  a  very  concen- 
trated form.  Liquid  chlo- 
rine has  also  been  found 
elficacious.  The  cold  rfoacAe 
to  the  head  has  been  re- 
commended. 


The  vegetable  acids,  such 
as  vinegar,  lemon  juice, 
citric  and  tartaric  acid  in 
solution  are  antidotes  to 
the  alkalies  and  their  car- 
bonates. The  fixed  oils, 
such  as  castor,  linseed,  al- 
mond and  olive,  form  soaps 
with  the  free  alkalies,  and 
therefore  destroy  their  caus- 
tic eft'ects. 


Poisoning  by  nitrate  of 
potassa  to  be  treated  on  ge- 
neral antiphlogistic  princi- 
ples; mucilaginous  drinks. 

Liver  of  sulphur  is  said 
to  be  deconipo.«ed  and  neu- 
tralized by  common  salt. 
The  liquid  chloride  of  soda 
will  also  decompose  it. 


The  sulphates  of  soda 
and  magnesia  are  prompt 
and  effective  antidotes  to 
all  the  poisonous  salts  of 
baryta.  Phosphate  of  soda 
will  also  counteract  their 
effects.  Lime  may  be  neu- 
tralized by  dilute  acids. 
Carbonic  acid,  in  soda-wa- 
ter, effervescing  draught  or 
yeast,  it  is  supposed,  would 
answer  a  good  purpose. 
The  fixed  oils  may  be  em- 
ployed either  for  baryta  or 
lime,  when  not  in  a  com- 
pound state. 


Tests. 


Sulphuric  acid  is  known  by  a 
white  precipitate  with  any  salt 
of  baryta,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid. 

Muriatic  acid  is  known  by  a 
white  precipitate  with  nitrate  of 
silver,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid, 
which  turns  black  by  the  action 
of  light. 

JVitric  acid  gives  rise  to  orange- 
coloured  fumes,  when  copper  is 
placed  in  it.  and  an  ability  to 
dissolve  gold  when  mixed  with 
muriatic  acid. 

Acetic  acid  exhales  the  odour  of 
vinegar. 

Citric  aci(f  blackenswhen  heated. 

Tartaric  acid  precipitates  crys- 
tals, with  a  solution  of  potassa; 
and  a  white  precipitate  is  thrown 
down  by  lime-water. 

Oxalic  acid  gives  a  white  preci- 
pitate with  lime-water,  which, 
when  healed,  is  converted  into 
carbonate  of  lime. 


Prussic  acid  exhales  the  odour 
of  peach-kernels;  forms  a  white 
precipirale  with  nitrate  of  silver 
neutralized  with  an  alkali,  gives 
a  blue  precijjitate  with  the  per- 
salts  of  iron. 


The  alkalies  are  known  by 
their  action  on  turmeric  paper; 
restoring  the  colour  of  litmus, 
which  has  been  reddened  by  an 
acid. 

Carbonates  are  known  by  their 
effervescence  with  an  acid;  some 
of  them  affect  the  turmeric  paper. 
Sal  ammoniac  gives  out  the  pun- 
gent odour  of  ammonia,  when 
mixed  with  quicklime. 


Nitrate  of  potassa  decrepitates 
and  deflagrates  when  thrown  on 
hot  coals. 

Liver  of snlphurcmits  the  odour 
of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  when 
dissolved,  or  when  treated  with 
an  acid. 


Baryta  and  its  salts  invariably 
give  a  white  precipitate,  insoluble 
in  acid,  with  a  soluble  sulphate, 

Lime,  when  dissolved,  gives  a 
white  precipitate  with  oxalic  acid. 
Also  with  carbonic  acid  or  a 
soluble  carbonatu.  The  same  of 
baryta. 


POISONS 


734 


POISONS 


Poisons. 


ALCOHOL. 

Brandxj.  Wines, 
and  all  Spirit- 
uous Liquors. 


Intoxication,  and  when 
taken  very  freely,  complete 
insensihility,  with  apo- 
plexy or  paralysis  of  one 
side;  thecnuntenance  swol- 
len and  of  a  riark-red  co- 
lour; the  breathing  diffi- 
cult, and  often  stertorous, 
with  a  peculiar  puffing  out 
of  the  lips;  the  breath  smells 
of  liquor,  which  will  dis- 
tinguish the  symptoms  from 
those  of  spontaneous  apo- 
plexy. 


Treatment. 


VOLATILE 
OILS. 

Creasote, 

DippeVs  Animal 
Oil. 

Oil  of  Tar. 

Oil  of  Tobacco. 

Oilof  Turpentine 

FiLsel  Oil. 


GASES. 


Carbonic  Acid,  or 
Filed  Air. 


Carbonic  Oxide. 


Fumes  of  Burn- 
ing Charcoal. 


Sulphuretted  Hy- 
drogen. 


Iodide  of    Potas- 
sium. 


METALS. 

Antimony. 

Tartar  Emetic. 

Chloride,  or  But- 
ter of  Antimony. 

Oxide    of    Anti- 
mony. 


General  action,  thai  of 
irritant  poisons.  Burning 
pain,  vomiting,  pungent 
taste,  purging.  &c.  The  oils 
of  turpentine  and  tobacco 
affect  the  nervous  system  ; 
the  peculiar  odour  of  each 
oil  will  be  manifested  in 
the  matter  vomited. 


A  powerful  emetic  of 
white  vitriol,  or  tartar  eme- 
tic, should  be  got  into  the 
stomach  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble ;  and  if  the  person  has 
lost  the  power  of  swallow- 
ing, a  flexible  catheter  or 
tube  should  be  the  means  of 
conveying  it  thither.  The 
vomiting  should  be  encou- 
raged as  much  as  possible 
with  warm  water;  and  large 
and  active  giysters  of  salt 
and  water  should  be  thrown 
up.  The  patient  should  be 
placed  erect,  and  if  the 
countenance  and  other  ap- 
pearances be  not  improved 
after  these  means  have  been 
used,  the  jugular  vein  may 
be  opened,  and  cold  wet 
cloths  applied  to  the  head, 
particularly  if  the  body  be 
hotter  than  natural.  If  the 
extremities  become  cold, 
warmth  and  friction  should 
be  perseveringly  used. 


Creasote  is  immediately 
coagulated  by  albumen 
DippePs  animal  oil  mav  be 
counteracted  with  dilute 
acids  and  the  fixed  oils 
The  other  oils  have  no  par 
ticular  antidotes,  and  their 
effi^cts  must,  therefore,  be 
counteracted  upon  general 
principles. 


Tests. 


No  better  mode  of  recognizing 
these  substances  exists,  than  that 
derived  from  their  peculiar  odour. 
Dippel's  oil  has  the  pungent  odour 
of  ammonia  ;  creasote  and  oil  of 
tar,  a  peculiar  smell  of  smoke; 
the  odour  of  tobacco  and  turpen- 
tine are  well  known;  and  fusel 
oil  has  a  peculiar,  offensive,  suf- 
focating odour. 


Chlorine  produces,  when 
inhaled,  violent  irritation 
of  the  organs  of  respira- 
tion ;  cough,  bloody  expec- 
toration, inflammation  of 
the  lungs,  and  permanent 
pulmonary  disease.  The 
other  gases,  although  pro- 
ducing some  effect  on  the 
respiratory  orsans,  act  as 
poisons,  in  consequence  of 
their  sedative  agency.  The 
symptoms,  therefore,  are 
those  of  apoplexy,  or  nar- 
cotic poisoning. 


Irritant  symptoms ;  burn- 
ing pain  in  the  throat,  lace- 
rating pain  in  the  stomach, 
and  fruitless  efforts  to  vo- 
mit ;  suffusion  of  the  eyes ; 
excessive  pain  and  tender- 
ness of  the  epigastrium. 


Vomiting.  If  vomiting 
do  not  occur  promptly,  vio- 
lent irritant  effects  are 
produced.  Burning  pain  in 
the  pit  of  the  stomach ; 
Purging;  colicky  pains, 
sense  of  tightness  in  the 
throat,  violent  cramps;  re- 
peated recurrence  of  vomit- 


The  antidotes  to  chlorine 
are  the  cautious  inhalation 
of  ammonia,  or  sulphuret- 
ted hydrogen.  The  inflam- 
matory symptoms  from 
chlorine  to  be  treated  on 
general  principles.  For  the 
other  gases,  cold  affusions 
to  the  head,  blood-letting, 
artificial  respiration. 


Iodine  combines  with 
starch,  and  forms  an  insolu- 
ble compound.  The  prompt 
administration  of  starch, 
wheat  flour,  or  other  vege- 
table matter  containing  fe- 
cula,  beat  up  in  water,  is 
recommended.  Iodide  of 
potassium  has  no  antidote. 
Vomiting  should  be  pro- 
moted by  draughts  of  warm 
water, and  inflammation  be 
subdued  by  general  treat- 
ment. 


If  vomiting  ha  vp  not  been 
produced,  it  should  be 
brought  about  by  tickling 
the  fauces,  and  adminis- 
tering copious  draughts  of 
warm  water.  Astringent 
infusions,  such  as  of  galls, 
oak  bark.  Peruvian  bark, 
act  as  antidotes,  and  should 
be  given  promptly;  pow- 
dered yellow  bark  may  be 
used,  until  the  infusion  is 
prepared. 


Chlorine  is  recognized  by  its 
peculiar  odour  and  bleaching  pro- 
perties. Sulphuretted  hydrogen, 
by  its  fetid  smell,  and  the  rapid 
blackening  of  lead.  Carbonic 
acid,  by  its  occasioning  turbid- 
ness  in  lime-water  placed  in  its 
atmosphere.  Carbonic  oxide,  by 
the  blue  colour  of  its  flame. 


Iodine  is  known  by  its  odour, 
and  the  formation  of  a  blue  pre- 
cipitate, when  brought  in  contact 
with  a  cold  solution  of  starch. 
Iodide  of  potassium  gives  a  crys- 
talline precipitate,  with  tartaric 
acid  in  e.xcess.  The  supernatant 
fluid  will  give  the  blue  colour  to 
starch. 


Antimony  in  solution  is  best 
distinguished  by  the  peculiar 
orange-red  precipitate,  which  ir 
forms  with  sulphuretted  hydro, 
gen  or  solutions  of  the  hydrnsui- 
phates.  Free  alkalies  produce 
white  precipitates.  The  muriate 
is  known  by  a  white  precipitate, 
when  it  is  poured  into  water 
In  its  solid  forms,  it  may  be  known 
by  the  formation  of  wiiite  fiiines. 
when  heated,  which  redden  lit- 
mus. It  may  also  be  converted 
into  chloride,  and  then  precipi- 
tated by  adding  water. 


POISONS 


POISONS 


Poisons. 


Arsenic. 

ArsPnious    Arid^ 
or  IV/iile  Arsenic. 

Orpiment.  or  Yel- 
low SiUphurel 
of  Arsenic. 

King's  Yellow. 

Realgar,  or  Red 
SiilpUuret.  of 
Arsenic. 

Fly  Powder. 

Fowler's  Solution. 

Arsenical  Paste. 

Arsenical  Soap. 

Arsenilc  of  Cop- 
per, 
Sc/teele's  Oreen. 


Symptoms. 


Bismuth. 

M'itrate    of  Bis- 
muth. 

Pearl  Poicder. 

Oxide  of  Bismuth. 

Copper. 
Sulphaleof Copper 

Blue  Vitriol, 
dcetate  of  Copper, 

Verdigris. 
Carbonate  of  Cop- 
per, 
Blue  Verditer. 
Arsenite  of  Copper 
Scheele's  Orcen. 
Food     cooked    in 
dirty  copper  ves- 
sels,   or  pickles 
made  green   by 
copper. 


Violent  burning  pain  in 
tiie  ref,'ion  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels  ;  tenderness  on 
pressure;  retching:  vomit- 
ing; sense  of  dryness  and 
tiffhlness  in  the  throat; 
thirst;  hoarseness  and  diffi- 
culty ofspi'ech;  the  matter 
vomited,  greenish  or  yel- 
lowish, sometimes  streaked 
with  blood  ;  diarrhcea  ;  te- 
nesmus; sonietiiiies  excori- 
ation of  the  anus;  urinary 
organs  occasionally  affected 
with  violent  burning  pains 
and  suppression  ;  convul- 
sions ami  cramps;  clammy 
sweats;  lividity  of  the  ex- 
tremities ;  countenance  col- 
lapsed ;  eyes  red  and  spar- 
kling; delirium;  death. 


Treatment. 


Similar  to  those  produced 
from  other  irritant  poisons. 
General  inflammation  of 
the  whole  alimentary  canal: 
suppression  of  urine;  hic- 
cough, disagreeable  metal- 
lic taste;  vomiting;  cramps; 
delirium :  death. 

Very  similar  to  those  pro- 
duced by  arsenic.  Coppery 
eructations  and  taste.  Fa- 
tal cases  are  generally  ter- 
minated by  convulsions, 
palsy,  insensibility. 


The  hydrated  peroxide  of 
iron  diffused  through  wa- 
ter ;  or  the  precipitated  car- 
bonate; or  the  rubigo  ferri, 
in  Very  fine  powder,  to  be 
administered  every  five  or 
ten  minutes,  until  relief  is 
obtained.  This  is  particu- 
larly efficacious  when  the 
white  arsenic  has  been  swal- 
lowed. If  the  arsenic  have 
been  taken  in  the  form 
nf  Fowler's  Solution,  lime- 
water,  in  copious  draughts, 
may  be  given.  For  either 
of  the  other  forms,  emetics 
of  sulphate  of  zinc;  dilu- 
ents; demulcents,  such  as 
flaxseed  tea,  infusion  of 
slippery  elm,  &c.  Counter- 
irritants  may  be  used  to  re- 
lieve the  spasm,  and  violent 
pain  in  the  stomach.  Bleed- 
ing, as  promoting  absorp- 
tion, should  not  be  em- 
ployed until  the  stomach  is 
completely  evacuated. 


Milk,  and  sweet  mucila- 
ginous drinks  a/e  recom- 
mended. Leeches,  general 
bleeding;  glysters;  fomen- 
tations to  be  employed  on 
the  general  principles  of 
treatment  for  inflammatory 
symptoms. 

Albumen  to  be  adminis- 
tered in  either  of  its  forms 
which  can  be  most  readily 
obtained,  as  milk  or  whites 
of  eggs.  Vineaar  should 
nothe  niven.  The  inflam- 
matory symptoms  are  to  be 
treated  on  general  princi- 
ples, and  so  of  the  nervous. 


If  the  suspected  substance  can 
be  obtained  free  from  organic 
matter,  the  presence  of  arsenic 
may  readily  be  shown  by  bojiiiia 
it  in  distilled  water,  filtering,  and 
testing  with,  1st.  Ammoniaco- 
sulphate  of  copper.  2d.  Ammo, 
iiiaco-nilrate  of  silver.  {Hume's 
Test)  3d.  Sulphuretted  hydrogen 
gas.  The  first  will  produce  a  ^reera 
precipitate;  second,  a  pale  yellow 
precipitate;  third,  a  bright  ye/low 
precipitate,  if  arsenic  be  present.) 
A  portion  of  The  powder,  or  one  of 
these  precipitates,  carefully  and 
thoroughly  dried,  is  then  to  be 
mixed  with  charcoal  and  exsic- 
cated carbonate  of  soda,  to  he 
placed  in  a  small  glass  tube,  closed 
at  one  end,  and  tlien  to  be  heatea 
to  a  red  heat  in  the  flame  of  a 
lamp.  The  arsenic  will  be  re- 
duced, and  sublime  in  the  i>ppfr 
part  of  the  tube,  forming  a  dark 
crust,  having  considerable  lustre 
on  its  exterior  surface,  resem- 
bling polished  steel.  By  gently 
heating  this  crust  in  a  very  small 
flame,  crystals  of  white  arsenic 
will  be  formed,  having  a  high 
adamantine  lustre. 

If  organic  matter  be  present,  it 
must  be  entirely  destroyed,  by 
heating  the  substance  with  nitro- 
muriatic  acid.  After  this  has  been 
done,  and  a  clear,  transparent  so- 
lution in  distilled  water  has  been 
obtained,  the  subsequent  process 
is  as  aboveindicated.  If  arsejiious 
acid  be  submitted  to  the  action 
of  nascent  hydrogen,  it  is  deox- 
idized, and  the  metallic  arsenic, 
thereby  obtained,  combining  with 
hydrogen,  forms  ar.senuretted  hy- 
drogen gas.     (Marsh's  Test.) 

Add  to  a  suspected  solution  a 
few  drops  of  pure  chlorohydric 
acid,  and  place  in  it  a  slip  of  bright 
copper;  no  change  occurs  until 
the  liquid  is  brought  to  the  hoilii!? 
point,  when,  if  arsenic  be  present, 
even  in  small  quantity,  the  copper 
acquires  an  iron-gray  coating, 
from  the  deposit  of  that  metal. 
Remove  the  slip  of  copper;  wash 
it  in  water,  dry  it  and  gradually 
heat  it  in  a  reduction  tube,  when 
arsenioiis  acid  will  he  sublimed 
in  minute  octohedral  crystals. 
The  test  succeeds  with  powdered 
arsenic, the  arsenites,  arsenic  acid, 
the  arseniates,  and  orpiment.  It 
will  even  separate  the  arsenic 
from  arsenite  of  copper,  and  from 
common  lead-shut,   Reinsch'sTest. 

Bismuth  is  known  by  the  forma- 
tion of  a  white  precipitate,  when 
its  solution  in  nitric  acid  is 
poured  into  water;  and  by  the 
formation  of  a  black  precipitate 
with  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas, 
and  hydrosulphates  in  solution. 


The  presence  of  copper  is  rea- 
dily shown  in  solutions.  By 
ammonia  a  beautiful  bluish  precf- 
pilate  is  thrown  down,  which 
dissolves  in  an  excess  of  the  pre- 
cipitant, and  the  solution  has  a 
rich  blue  colour.  A  bright  iron 
bar,  introduced  into  solutions  of 
copper,  occasions  the  separation 
of  the  copper,  in  a  metallic  form, 
which  deposits  itself  upon  the 
iron. 


POISONS 


736 


POISONS 


Poisons. 


Gold. 

Chloride  of  Gold. 

Fulminating 
Gold. 


Iron. 

Sulphate  of  Iron, 

Copperas, 

Oreen  Vitriol. 

Chloride  qf  Iron. 


Lead- 

Acetate  of  Lead, 

Sugar  of  Lead. 

Carbonate  of  Lead, 

White  Lead. 

Red  Oxide,  or  Red 

Lead. 

Litharge. 

Wines  sweetened 

by  Lead. 
Water  which  has 
been  kept  in 
Leaden  vessels. 
Acid  food,  cooked, 
or  left  standing 
%n  vessels  glazed 
with  Lead. 

Mercury. 
Corrosive    Subli- 
mate. 

Cyanide  of  Mer- 
cury. 

Mtrate  of  Mer- 
cury. 

WkiiePrecipitate. 

Red  Oxide,  or  Red 
Precipitate. 

Sulphate,  or  Tur- 
bith  Mineral. 

Fermilion,or  Red 
Sulphuret. 


Silver. 
J\ntrate  of  Silver, 
01  Lunar  Caus- 
tic. 


Symptoms. 


Very  analogous  to  those 
of  other  irritant  poisons. 
This  substance  communi- 
cates a  pink  stain  to  the 
flesh,  and  patches  of  that 
colour  may  be  found  about 
the  lips,  and  inside  the 
mouth. 

Symptoms  of  irritant  poi- 
soning; colic  pains,  con- 
stant vomiting  andpurgiug. 
Violent  pain  in  the  throat, 
tension  of  the  epigastrium, 
coldness  of  the  skin,  and 
feebleness  of  the  pulse. 


Irritation  of  the  alimen- 
tary canal;  spasm;  nervous 
symptoms ;  paralysis,  either 
partial  or  complete.  When 
taken  for  some  time,  in 
small  quantity,  violent  and 
obstinate  colic;  rigidity  of 
abdominal  muscles,  cramps; 
remission  of  pain  ;  obsti- 
nate constipation,  urine  di- 
minished, saliva  increased  ; 
countenance  anxious  and 
gloomy.  If  relief  be  not 
promptly  obtained,  giddi- 
ness, debility,  torpor,  coma, 
convulsions  and  death.  The 
paralysis  affects  eenerally 
the  upper  extremities. 

Violent  symptoms  of  irri- 
tant poisoning;  harsh  me- 
tallic astringent  taste;  burn- 
ing pain  in  the  stomach; 
vomiting  and  purging  fre- 
quently of  bloody  matter; 
often  irritation  of  the  uri- 
nary organs,  and  sometimes 
suppression  ;  lightness  and 
burninsin  the  throat,  occa- 
sionally so  sreat  as  to  pre- 
vent speech;  countenance 
not  always  pale,  but  some- 
times flushed;  tendency  to 
doze  ;  stupor,  convulsions 
and  death. 


The  salts  of  gold  are  de- 
composed by  sulphate  of 
iron  ;  and  this  has,  there- 
fore, been  recommended  as 
an  antidote.  Inflammatory 
symptoms  to  be  treated  on 
general  principles. 


Carbonate  of  soda  would 
be  a  most  excellent  anti- 
dote to  either  of  these 
substances.  Mucilaginous 
drinks  might  also  bo  em- 
ployed;and  particular  symp- 
toms relieved  by  general 
treatment. 

Sulphate  of  magnesia  and 
phosphate  of  soda  are  both 
ffood  antidotes  for  the  solu- 
ble salts  of  lead.  For  the 
solid  forms,  dilute  sulphuric 
acid  may  be  drunk.  These 
are  applicable  to  the  irri- 
tant forms  of  poisoning  by 
lead.  In  the  chronic  form, 
or  colica  pictonum,  purga- 
tives and  anodynes  are  re- 
sorted to  ;  venesection  ;  and 
external  applications  to  re- 
lieve the  cramps.  The  use 
ofstrychnia  isrecommended 
for  the  paralysis. 


Tests. 


Albumen,  in  some  form, 
must  be  promptly  adminis- 
tered; either  white  of  eggs 
beaten  up  with  water,  milk, 
or  wheat  flour  beaten  up. 
The  inflammatory  symp- 
toms to  be  counteracted  by 
the  usual  means.  Gold, 
finely  mixed  in  dust,  with 
fine  iron  filings.  (?) 


Chloride  of  gold  is  very  readily 
decomposed,  and  the  gold  sepa- 
rated in  a  metallic  state.  Proio- 
sulphate  of  iron,  nitrate  of  silver 
and  protochloride  of  tin,  all  an- 
swer this  purpose.  The  precipi- 
tated powder  will  be  found  insolu- 
ble, except  in  nitro-muriatic  acid. 

Iron  is  recognised  by  a  bluish- 
black  precipitate,  with  tincture 
of  galls;  rich  blue,  with  prussiate 
of  potassa ;  and  a  greenish  or 
reddish  precipitate,  with  the  free 
alkalies  or  their  carbonates. 


Soluble  salts  of  lead  yield  a 
white  precipitate  with  sulphates 
and  carbonates  in  solution.  Salts 
of  chromic  acid  and  iodide  of  po- 
tassium occasion  a  yellow  preci- 
pitate. Sulphuretted  hydrogen, 
a  black  precipitate.  If  solid,  the 
lead  may  be  converted  into  a 
state  of  solution  by  nitric  acid, 
and  the  dilute  solution  be  tested 
as  above. 


Tin. 

Chloride  of  Tin. 
Solution  of   Tin, 

used  by  Dyers. 
Oxide  of  Tin,  or 

Putty  Powder. 


Zinc. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc, 
JVhite  Vitriol. 

Acetate  of  Zinc. 


Those  of  other  irritant 
poisons. 


Chloride  of  sodium,  or 
common  salt,  immediately 
decomposes  this  substance, 
and  destroys  its  activity. 
Antiphlogistic  treatment  is 
to  be  employed  for  the  in- 
flammatory symptoms. 


The  same  as  those  from  Milk  to  be  given  copious 

other  irritant  poisons,  and  ly,     and     the    subsequent 

a  peculiar  tanned   appear-  treatment  to   be  regulated 

ance  of  the  villous  coat  of  by  the  symptoms 
the  stomach. 


Violent  vomiting;  astrin- '  The  vomiting  may  be  re- 
gent taste,  burning  pain  in  '  lieved  by  copious  draughts 
the  stomach;  pale  coiinte-  of  warm  water.  Carbonate 
nance;  cold  extremities;  of  soda,  administered  in  so- 
dull  eyes;  fluttering  pulse,  liition,  will  decompose  the 
Death  seldom  ensues,  in  sulphate  of  zinc.  Milk  and 
consequence  of  the  emetic  albumen  also  act  ns  anti- 
effects,  j  dotes.  General  principles 
j  to  be  observed  in  the  subse- 
qiienl  treatment. 


The  free  alkalies  iUffer  in  their 
precipitates  from  solutionsof  mer- 
cury. Potassa  gives,  with  corro- 
sive sublimate,  a  yellowish  one; 
ammonia,  a  white;  lime-water,  an 
orange ;  and  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen, a  black.  If  a  drop  of  the  so- 
lution be  placed  on  a  piece  of 
gold,  and  touched  with  a  knife  or 
key,  the  mercury  will  be  reduced, 
which  amalgamates  with  the  gold, 
producing  a  white  spot.  The  ni- 
trate of  mercury  gives  a  black 
precipitate  with  the  free  alkalies. 
All  the  solid  forms  of  mercury  are 
volatile,  and  may  be  reduced  by 
heating  them  in  a  glass  tube  with 
charcoal  and  carbonate  of  soda, 
when  the  metallic  mercury  will 
sublime,  and  may  be  collected  in 
a  globule. 

Nitrate  ofsiherisdistinsuished 
by  the  formation  of  a  white  pre- 
cipitate, insoluble  in  nitric  acid, 
with  chloride  of  sodium  ;  a  gray 
precipitate  with  ammonia, vihich 
is  redissolved  in  an  excess  of  am- 
monia; yellow  precipitate  with 
phosphate  of  soda.  The  precipi- 
tate of  chloride  of  silver,  obtained 
by  adding  muriate  of  soda  to  the 
nitrate  of  silver,  is  readily  re- 
duced, and  the  metallic  silver  ob- 
tained, by  mixing  it  with  dilute 
sulphuric  acid  and  granulated  zinc. 

The  chloride  precipitates  vege- 
table colouring  matter;  also  albu- 
men and  gelatin.  The  white  oxide 
is  precipitated  from  its  solution  by 
free  alkalies;  with  sulplinri'ttid 
hydrogen  gas. a  brown  precipitate. 

A  white  precipitate  is  ilirown 
down  by  the  free  alkalies  from 
the  soluble  salts  of  zinc,  which 
becomes  yellow  when  .strongly 
heated — recovering  its  white  co- 
lour on  cooling.  Sulphuretted 
hydrogen  occasions  a  white  pre 
cipitate. 


POISONS 


737 


POISONS 


Poisons. 


PHOSPHORUS. 


GLASS  or  ENA- 
MEL. 


Symptoms  of  irritant  poi- 
soning; pain  in  the  stomach 
and  bowels;  vomiting,  diar- 
rhoea, tenderness  and  ten- 
sion of  the  abdomen. 


If  taken  in  very  coarse 
powder,  it  produces  irrita- 
tion and  inflammation  of 
the  bowels. 


Treatment. 


An  emetic  to  be  prompt- 
ly administered;  copious 
drausihts  containing  mag- 
nesia in  suspension;  muci- 
laginous drinks;  general 
treatment  for  inflaiimiatory 
symptoms. 


Large  quantities  of  crumb 
of  bread  should  be  eaten,  to 
envelop  the  particles.  (?) 
An  emetic  of  sulphate  of 
zinc  should  then  he  given, 
and  vomiting  be  promoted 
by  demulcent  drinks. 


Tests. 


Phosphorus  is  known  by  its 
ready  inflammability,  luminous- 
ness  at  ordinary  temperatures, 
and  alliaceous  odour. 


II.   ORaANIC    POISONS, 

I.  VEGETABLE    POISONS. 


iRRiT.iNT  Poisons. 


Anemone  Pulsatilla.    Wind  Flower. 

Arum  maculatum.     Wake  Kobin. 

Bryonia  dioica.     Bryony. 

Caladium  seguinium.    Dumbcane. 

Calla  palvstris.     Water  Arum. 

CaHiia.  palustris.     Marsh  Marigold. 

Chelidonium  majus.     Celandine. 

Clematis  vitalba.    Virgin  Bower. 

Convolvulus  7'afepa.     Jalap. 

Convolvulus  scammonia.     Scammony. 

Croton  tiglium.     Purging  Crot<m. 

Cucumis  colocyntkis.     Colocynth. 

Cyclamen  EuropiEum.    Sow  Bread. 

DapUne  gnidium.     Spurge  Flax. 

Daphne  mezereum.     Mezereon. 

Delphinium  slaphisagria.     Stavesacre. 

Dioica  palustris.     Swamp  leather-wood. 

Equisetum  hyemale.     Scourgrass. 

Euphorbia  qfficinarum.  Euphorbium. 
Spurge. 

Gratiola  officinalis.     Hedge  Hyssop. 

Hippomaiie  mancinella.     Manchineel. 

Hura  crepitans.     Sand  Box. 

Uy(\rncoty\evulgaris.  Marsh  Pennywort. 

Jatropha  curcas,    Indian  Nut. 

Jatropha  manihot.     Cassada. 

Juniperus  sabina.     Savin  (oil  of). 

Juniperus  Virginiana.  BedCedar  (oil  of ) 

Momordica  elaterium.  Squirting  Cu- 
cumber. 

Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus.     Daffiidil. 

Pasti nax  soO'ra.     Common  Parsnep. 

Pedicularis  palustris.   Marsh  Lousewort. 

Phj'tolacca  decandra.     Poke. 

Piper  cubeba.     Cubebs. 

Plumbago  Eurapma.     Toothwort. 

Ranunculus  acris,  and  other  species. 
Crowfoot. 

Rhododendron  chrysanthemum.  Oleander. 

Ricinus  communis.     Castor  Oil  Plant. 

Sambucus  cbulus.     Elder. 

Sedutn  acre.     Stone  Crop. 

Stalagmitis  cambogioides.     Gamhoge. 

Tanacetum  vulgare.    Tansy  (oil  of.) 

ACRO-NARCOTIC. 

^Ethusa  cynapium.  Common  Fool's 
Parsley. 

Aconitum  napellus.     Monkshood. 

Agaricus.  five  species.  Mushrooms  (poi- 
sonous). 

Amanita  muscaria.   Truffles  (poisonous). 

.Anagallis  arrensis.    Meadow  Pimpernel. 

Anda  Oomesii. 

Apocyniim  androsmTnifolium.   Dogsbane. 

Aristolochia  clcmatilis.     Birthwort. 

-Arnica  rnontana.     Leopard's  bane. 

Asclepias  Syriaca.    Swallowwort. 

Atropa  belladonna.    Deadly  Night  Shade. 

jEscuIus  Ohioensis.     Buckeye. 

Brucea  antidysenterica.  False  Angus- 
tura  Bark. 

Cerbera,  three  species.     Cerbera. 

Chsrophyllum  sylvestre.  Bastard  Hem- 
lock. 

47 


Symptoms. 


The  general  eflfects  of  this 
class  of  vegetable  poisons 
are;  —  an  acrid  pungent 
taste,  with  more  or  less  of 
bitterness,  e.xcessive  heat, 
great  dryness  of  the  mouth 
and  throat,  with  sense  of 
tightness  there  ;  violent  vo- 
niitins,  the  efforls  being 
continued  even  after  the 
stomach  is  emptied  ;  purg- 
ing, with  great  pain  in  the 
stomach  and  bowels  ;  pulse 
strong,  frequent,  and  regu- 
lar ;  breathing  often  quick 
and  difficult;  appearances 
of  intoxication  ;  the  pupil  of 
the  eye  frequently  dilated, 
insensibility  resembling 
death;  the  pulse  becomes 
slow  and  loses  its  force,  and 
death  closes  the  scene. 

If  applied  externally, 
many  of  them  produce  vio- 
lent inflammation  of  the 
skin,  with  vesications  or 
eruptions  of  pustules. 


Treatment. 


If  vomiting  have  been  occasioned  by 
the  poison,  and  the  efforts  are  still  con- 
tinued, they  may  be  rendered  easier  by 
large  draughts  of  warm  water,  or  thin 
gruel ;  but  if  symptoms  of  insensibility 
have  come  on  without  vomiting,  it 
oucht  to  be  immediately  excited  by  the 
sulphate  of  zinc,  or  some  other  active 
emetic  substance,  and  after  its  opera- 
tion a  sharp  purgative  should  be  given 
After  as  much  as  possible  of  the  poison 
is  got  rid  of,  a  very  strong  infusion  of 
coffee,  or  vinegar  diluted  with  water, 
may  be  given  with  advantage.  Cam- 
phor mixture  with  ether  may  be  taken 
frequently,  and  if  insensibility  be  con- 
siderable, warmth,  frictions,  and  blis- 
ters, may  be  employed.  If  inflamma- 
tion or  other  dangerous  consequences 
have  been  induced,  they  are  to  be 
treated  upon  general  principles. 

The.  fruit  of  Feuillea  Cordifolia  has 
been  recommended  as  a  powerful  an- 
tidote against  vegetable  poisons;  it 
is  to  be  used  in  as  recent  a  state  as 
possible.  (?) 

N.  B.  Bromine,  chlorine,  and  iodine 
are  said  to  be  antidotes  to  the  alka- 
loids generally. 


POISONS 


738 


POISONS 


Irritant  Poisons. 


Symptoms. 


Chaillotia  toxicana.    Eatbane. 
Chenopodium  murale.     Wormseed. 
Ciciita  maculata.     American  Hemlock. 
C\c\i\.a.  virosa.    Water  Hemlock. 
Cissus.     Cissus. 

Cncculus  Indicus.     Pish  berries. 
Colchicum  aulumnale.    Meadow  saffron. 
Conium  maculatum.     Hemlock. 
Coriaria  myrtifoLia.     Myrtle-leaved  Su- 
mach. 
Curare.     Indian  War  Poison. 
Cynanchnm  erectum.     Cynanchum. 
Cvtisus  laburnum.     Laburnum. 
Datura  stramonium-     Thorn  Apple. 
Disitalis  purpurea.     Foxglove. 
Ersot.     See  Secale. 
Ervum  crmlia.     Bitter  Vetch. 
Gaultheria    procumbcns.      Wintergreen 

(oil  of). 
Hfemanthus  toxicarius. 
Hetleborus  niger.     Black  Hellebore. 
Hypophyllum     sanguinaria.       Paddock 

Stool. 
Ipecacuanha.    Ipecacuanha. 
Lathyrus  cicera.    Lathyrus. 
Laurus  camphora.     Camphor. 
Lobelia  in^ata,     Indian  Tobacco. 
Lolium  temulentum-     Darnel. 
Melia  ozerferacA.     Pride  of  China. 
Mercurialis  perennis.     Mountain  Mer- 
cury. 
Nerum  oleander.     Common  Oleanuer. 
Nicotiana  tabacum.     Tobacco. 
CEnanthe  crocata.     Hemlock  Dropwort. 
Passiflora  quadrangularis.    Barbadine. 
Fiscidia  erylhrina.    Jamaica  Dogwood. 
Polvgala  venenosa  (of  Java). 
Rhus  radicans.     Poison  Vine. 
Ehus  toxicodendron.    Poison  oak,  or  Su- 
mach. 
Robinia  pseudo-acacia.    Locust  Tree. 
Ruta  graveolens.     Rue. 
Sanguinaria  Canadensis.     Blood  Root. 
Scilla  maritima.     Squill.     Sea  Onion. 
Secale  cornutum..    Ergot.    Spurred  Rye. 
Slum    latifolium.      Procumbent    Water 

Parsnep. 
Spigelia  Marilandica.     Pink  Root. 
Strychnos  [gnatii.     St.  Isnatius's  Bean. 
Strvchnos  nux  vomica.    Nux  vomica. 
Svmplocarpus/ffitirfa.     Skunk  Cabbage. 
Ticunas.     Extract  of  various  plants- 
South  America. 
Tieute.     Upas  Tieuti.    Tree  of  Java. 
Triticum  Hybernum.    Wheat  (diseased.) 
Upas  antiar.     Tree  in  Java. 
Veratrum  album.    While  Hellebore. 
Veratrum  viride.     American  Hellebore. 
Woorara.    War  Poison  of  Guiana. 
Zea  mays.    Maize  (diseased). 

NARCOTIC. 
Actsea  spicata.    Baneberry. 
Amygdalus  communis.    Bitter  Almond. 
Amygdalus  Persica.     Peach. 
Gelseminum  nitidum.  Yellow  Jessamine. 
Helonias  erytliresperma.    Fly  Poison. 
Hyoscyamus  albus.     White  Henbane. 
Hyoscyamus  niger.    Black  Henbane. 
Kalmia  latifolia.     Mountain  Ivy. 
Lactuca  virosa.    Strong-scented  Lettuce. 
Opium,  and  its  proximate  principles. 
Papaver  somniferun .     Poppy. 
Paris  quadrifoHa.     Herb  Paris. 
Prunus  Caroliniana.     Wild  Orange. 
Prunus  lauro-cerasus.    Cherry  Laurel. 
Prunus  nigra.     Black  Cherry. 
Prunus  padus.    Cluster  Cherry. 
Prunus  Virginiana.     Wild  Cherry. 
Solanum  dulcamara.    Bitter-sweet. 
Sorbus  acuparia..    Mountain  Ash. 
Taxus  baccata.    Yew. 


Treatment. 


The  narcotic  vegetable 
poisons,  if  taken  into  the  I 
stomach  or  applied  to  a 
wound,  occasion  the  follow- 
ing effects:— stupor  ;  numb- ' 
ness;  heaviness  in  the  head; 
desire  to  vomit,  slight  at 
first,  but  afterwards  insup- 
portable; a  sort  of  intoxi- 
cation, stupid  air,  pupil  of 
the  eye  dilated;  furious  or 
lively  delirium,  sometimes 
pain;  convulsions  of  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  body,  or 
palsy  of  the  limbs.  The 
pulse  is  variable,  but  at 
first  generally  strong  and 
full ;  the  breathing  is  quick, 
and  there  is  great  anxiety 
and  dejection,  which,  if  not 
speedily  relieved,  soon  ends 
in  death. 


;  POISONOUS  MUSHROOMS. 

I  Agaricus  muscarius.     Fly  Agaric. 
\  AgahcMS  piperatus.     Pepper  Agaric. 
;  Acaricus  necator.     Deadly  Agaric. 
I  Asaricus  hulbosus.     Bulbous  Agaric. 
i  Agaricus  chantarellus.    Champiznon. 


The  stomact  to  be  effectually  evacu- 
ated by  giving-  four  or  five  grains  of 
tartar  emetic,  or  from  ten  to  twenty 
of  the  sulphate  of  zinc,  repeated  every 
quarter  of  an  hour,  till  the  full  effect  is 
produced.  These  means  may  be  assisted 
by  tickling  the  throat  with  a  feather  or 
the  finger.  Large  aud  strong  glysters 
of  soap  dissolved  in  water,  or  of  salt 
and  gruel,  should  be  speedily  adminis- 
tered, to  clear  the  bowels,  and  assist  in 
getting  rid  of  the  poison;  and  active 
purgatives  may  be  given  after  the  vo- 
miting has  ceased.  When  as  much  as 
possible  of  the  poison  has  been  ex- 
pelled, the  patient  may  drink,  alter- 
nately, a  tea-cupful  of  strong  hot  infu- 
sion of  coffee,  and  vinegar  diluted  with 
water.  If  the  drowsiness,  which  is 
sometimes  extreme,  and  the  insensi- 
bility bordering  on  apoplexy,  be  not 
remedied  by  these  means,  blood  may  be 
taken  from  the  jugular  vein,  blisters 
may  be  applied  to  the  neck  and  legs, 
aud  the  attention  be  roused  by  every 
means  possible.  If  the  heat  declines, 
warmth  and  frictions  must  be  perse- 
veringly  used.  Vegetable  acids  are  on 
no  account  to  be  given  before  the  poi- 
son is  expelled,  and  it  is  desirable  that 
but  little  fluid  of  any  kind  should  be 
administered. 

N.  B.  Bromine,  chlorine,  and  iodine 
are  said  to  be  antidotes  to  the  alkaloids 
generally. 


Nausea,  heat,  and  pain 
in  the  stomach  and  bowels, 
with  vomiting  and  purging, 
thirst;     convulsions,    and 


The  stomach  and  bowels  to  be  cleared 

by  an  emetic  of  tartarized  antimony, 

followed  by  frequent  doses  of  Glauber's 

inir^-i       uuMvuic......-,     „..„,  or  Epsom  salt,  and  large,  stimulating 

faintings;  pulse  small  and  |  glysters.  After  the  poison  is  evacuated, 
frequent ;  delirium  ;  dilated  |  ether  may  be  administered,  with  smah 


POISONS 


739 


rOISONS 


Poisons. 

Symptoms. 

TREiTMENT. 

pupil,    and    stupor;     cold 
sweats,  and  death. 

Poisonous       mushrooms 
may  be  distinguished  from 
the  edible  by  their  botanical 
characters,  and  by  the  fol- 
lowing criteria.     The  for- 
mer   grow   in   wet,   shady 
places,    have    a    nauseous 
odour;    are    softer,    more 
open,  and  porous;  have  a 
dirty-looking  surface,  some- 
times  a   gaudy   colour,   or 
many    very   distinct   hues, 
particularly   if   they   have 
been  covered  with  an  enve- 
lope ;  they  have   soft,  bul- 
bous stalks,  grow  rapidly, 
and  corrupt  very  quickly. 

quantities  of  brandy  and  water;   but 
if  inflammatory   symptoms    manifest 
themselves,    such    stimuli    should    be 
omitted,  and  other  appropriate  ni(;aii.s 
be  had  recourse  to. 

2.  ANIMAL    POISONS. 


Symptoms. 

Tre.vtment. 

POISONOUS  FISH. 
Balistes  monoceros.     Old  wife. 
Cancer  astacus.    Crawfish. 
Cancer  ruricoius.     Land  Crab. 
Clupea  thryssa.     Yellow-billed  Sprat. 
Coracinus/uscMs  major.  Gray  Snapper. 
Coracinus  minor.     Hyne. 
Corypheena  splendens.     Dolphin. 
Morinyra.     Blue  Parrot  Fish. 
Murffina  major.     Conger  Eel. 
Mvtilus  edulis.     Mussel. 
Ostracion^/o6e//«m.  SinoothBottleFish. 
Perca  major.     Barracuda. 
Perca  venenosa.     Grooper. 
Perca  venenata.     Rock  Fish. 
Physalia.     Portuguese  Man  of  War. 
Scomber  c<Bruleus.    Spanish  Mackerel. 
Scomber  maximus.     King  Fish. 
Scomber  thynnus.     Bonetta. 
Sparus  ckrysops.     Porgee. 
Tetrodon  scc/crattts.     Tunny. 
Tetrodon  ocellatus.    Blower. 

In   an   hour   or   two,  or 
often    in   a   much    shorter 
time,    after    the    fish    has 
been  eaten,  a  weight  at  the 
stomach    comes    on,   with 
slight  vertigo  and  headache, 
sense    of  heat    about   the 
head  and  eyes,  considerable 
thirst,  and  often  an  erup- 
tion of  the  skin  (urticaria), 
and  in  many  cases  death. 

An  emetic  should  be  speedily  adminis- 
tered, or,  in  the  absence  of  it,  vomiting 
may  be  excited,  by  tickling  the  throat 
with  the  finger,  and  taking  large 
draughts  of  warm  water.  After  full  vo- 
miting, an  active  purgative  should  be 
given,  to  remove  any  of  the  noxious 
matter  that  may  have  found  its  way 
into  the  intestines.  Vinegar  and  water 
may  be  drunk  after  the  above  remedies 
have  operated,  and  the  body  may  be 
sponged  with  the  same.  Water,  made 
verv  sweet  with  sugar,  to  which  ether 
may  he  added,  may  be  drunk  freely  as  a 
corrective,  and  a  very  weak  solution  of 
alkali  has  been  recommended  to  obviate 
the  effects  of  the  poison.  If  spasm 
ensue;  after  evacuations,  laudanum,  in 
considerable  doses,  is  necessary.  If  in- 
flammation should  occur,  the  usual  means 
of  removing  it  must  be  employed. 

POISONOUS  SERPENTS. 
Boa  crotaloides.     Copperhead. 
Cenchris  mockeson.     Mnckeson. 
Cerastes  nasicomis.    Horned  Viper  of 

Western  Africa. 
Coluber  berus.    Viper. 
Coluber  prester.     Black  Viper. 
Crotalus,  (5  species  )    Rattle  Snake 
Scylale  piscivorus.    Water  Viper. 

A    sharp    pain     in     the 
wounded  part,  which  soon 
extends  over  the   limb  or 
body ;    great    swelling,   at 
first   hard   and    pale,  then 
reddish,  livid,  and  gangre- 
nous in  appearance;  faint- 
ings,     vomitings,     convul- 
sions, and  sometimes  jaun- 
dice; pulse  small,  frequent, 
and    irregular;     breathing 
difficult,   cold   sweats,   the 
sight  fails,  and  the  intel- 
lectual   faculties     are    de- 
ranged. Inflammation,  and 
often    extensive    suppura- 
tion and  gangrene,  followed 
by  death. 

A  cupping-glass  to  be  applied  over  the 
wound,  or  a  moderately  tight  ligature 
above  the  bites,  and  the  wound  left  to 
bleed  after  being  well  washed  with  warm 
water;  the  actual  cautery,  lunar  caustic, 
or  butter  of  antimony,  to  be  then  applied 
freely  to  it,  and  afterwards  covered  with 
lint, dipped  in  equal  parts  of  olive  oil  and 
spirit  of  hartshorn.  The  ligature  to  be 
removed  if  the  inflamnjation  be  consi- 
derable. Warm,  diluting  drinks,  and 
small  doses  of  ammonia  or  hartshorn,  to 
cause  perspiration  ;  the  patient  to  be 
well  covered  in  bed,and  a  little  warm  wine 
given  occasionally.  If  gangrene  be  threat- 
ened, wine  may  be  given  more  freely,  and 
the  bark  should  be  had  recourse  to.  .Arse- 
nic, the  principal  ingredient  in  the  Tan- 
jore  Pill,  has  been  strongly  recommended. 

CANTHARI3  VESFCATOEIA. 
Spanish,  or  Blistering  Fly. 
Lytta  vittala.    Potato  Fly. 

Nauseous   odour  of  the 
breath;  acrid  taste;  burn- 
ing heat  in  the  throat,  sto- 
mach, and   abdomen ;   fre- 
quent     vomitings,     often 
bloody,  with  copious  bloody 
stools;  excruciating  pain  in 
the  stomach;  painful   and 
obstinate    priapism,    with 
heat   in    the   bladder,   and 
strangury  or  retention   of 
urine ;     frightful     convul- 
sions, delirium  and  death. 

Vomiting  to  be  excited  by  drinking 
sweet  oil,  sugar  and  water,  milk,  or  lin- 
seed tea,  very  freely.  Emollient  glys- 
ters  should  be  administered,  and  if 
symptoms  of  inflammation  of  the  sto- 
mach, kidney,  or  bladder  supervene, 
they  must  be  subdued  by  appropriate 
treatment.                                                     1 

Camphor  dissolved  in  oil  may  be 
rubbed  over  the  belly  and  the  thighs. 

VENOMOUS  INSECTS 
Tarantula. 
Scorpio.    Scorpion. 
Vespa  crahro.     Hornet. 
Vespa  vulgaris.    Wasp, 
Apis  mellifica.     Bee. 
Culex  pipiens.     Gnat. 
CEstrus  bttvis.    Gad-fly. 

In  general,  the  sting  of 
these  insects  occasions  only 
a  slight  degiee  of  pain  and 
swelling;  but  occasionally 
the  symptoms  are  more  vio- 
lent, and  sickness  and  fever 
are  produced  by  the  inten- 
sity of  the  pain. 

Hartshorn  and  oil  may  be  rubbed  on 
the  affected  part,  and  a  piece  of  rag, 
moistened  in  the  same,  or  in  salt  and 
water,  may  be  kept  upon  it  till  the  pain 
is  removed.  A  few  drops  of  hartshorn 
may  be  given  frequently  in  a  little  water, 
and  a  glass  or  two  of  wine  may  be  taken. 
The  sting  may,  in  general,  be  ren-.oved 
by  making  strong  pressure  a'-ound  it 
with  the  barrel  of  a  small  watch-key. 

POISON 


740 


POLIOSIS 


Symptoms. 


saliVa  of  the  rabid  dog. 


At  an  uncertain  interval 
after  the  bite,  generally, 
however,  between  the 
twentieth  day  and  three  or 
four  months,  pain  or  unea- 
siness occurs  in  the  bitten 
part,  though  the  wound 
may  have  been  long  healed. 
Anxiety,  uneasiness,  lan- 
guor, spasms,  horror,  dis- 
turbed sleep,  difficult  respi- 
ration succeed,  and  are 
soon  very  much  increased  ; 
violent  convulsions  affect 
the  whole  body,  hideously 
distorting  the  muscles  of 
the  face;  the  eyes  are  red 
and  protruded,  the  tongue 
swells  and  often  hangs  out, 
and  viscid  saliva  flows  from 
the  mouth;  there  is  pain  in 
the  stomach,  with  bilious 
vomitings,a  horror  of  fluids, 
and  impossibility  of  drink- 
ing them.  All  these  symp- 
toms are  aggravated  till  the 
sufferer  is  relieved  by  death. 


Hydrophobia  is  more  easily  prevented  | 
than  cured;  indeed,  it  is  d' ubted  whe- 
ther it  ever  has  been  cured.  Mercury,  I 
arsenic,  opium,  musk,  camphor,  acids, 
wine,  vegetable  and  mineral  alkali,  oil, 
various  herbs,  and  many  other  reme- 
dies whose  effects  are  quite  opposite,  | 
have  been  employed,  but  none  can  be 
relied  on.  Large  blood-lettings,  the 
warm  and  cold  bath,  and  almost  every 
other  remedial  agent,  have  been  tried 
without  success. 

The  bitten  part  should  be  completely 
cut  out,  even  after  it  has  healed,  if  the 
symptoms  have  not  yet  come  on  ;  the 
part  should  then  be  immersed  in  warm 
water,  or  be  washed  with  it  as  long  as  it 
will  bleed,  and,  after  the  most  perse- 
vering ablution,  caustic  should  be  ap- 
plied to  every  part  of  the  surface,  and 
then  the  wound  covered  with  a  poultice, 
and  suffered  to  heal  by  granulation. 

No  milder  discipline  can  ensure  safety. 


The  most  energetic  poisons  are  used  therapeu- 
tically, and  often  with  considerable  advantage. 
They  have,  of  course,  to  be  administered  in  e.x- 
tremely  small  doses,  to  avoid  producing  poi- 
soning. 

Poison,  Arrotv,  see  Arrow  poison  —  p.  Berry 
tree,  Melia  azedarach  —  p.  Hemlock,  Conium. 

Poison,  Italian,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  p.  Mor- 
bid, Virus. 

Poison  Oak,  Rhux  toxicodendron  —  p.  Root, 
Cicuta  maculata. 

Poison,  Sausage,  Allantotoxicum  —  p.  Vege- 
table, Upas. 

Poison  Vine,  Rhus  radicans. 
POISONING,  Venefic"ium,  Toxica'tio,  Tntoxi- 
M'tio,  Entoxis'mus,  Entoxicis'nnis,  Pharmacei'a, 
Malejic"ixim,  Venena'tion,  (F.)  Empoisonnement, 
Intoxication.  The  art  of  applying  a  poisonous 
substance  to  any  of  the  textures  in  a  dose  capa- 
ble of  occasioning  more  or  less  serious  symp- 
toms. Rigorously  speaking,  therefore,  if  a  phy- 
sician, in  treating  any  case,  employs  a  deleterious 
medicine  in  a  small  dose,  which,  owing  to  parti- 
cular circumstances,  produces  unpleasant  symp- 
toms, he  may  be  said  to  have  poisoned.  The 
term  is,  however,  generally  restricted  to  poison- 
ing by  design. 

Poisoning  has  also  been  used,  by  a  few,  to  de- 
note the  series  of  symptoms  resembling  those 
produced  by  certain  poisons,  which  occasionally 
follow  the  use  of  substances  that  are  generally 
innoxious.  Overloading  the  stomach  with  indi- 
gestible food,  has,  for  example,  given  occasion  to 
symptoms  resembling  those  produced  by  a  nar- 
cotic poison,  and  the  effect  has  been  termed  poi- 
soning. 

Secret  poisoning  was,  at  one  time,  practised  as 
an  art.  It  consisted  in  administering  medicines, 
which  should  act  as  sloic  poisons,  and  gradually 
undermine  the  strength  and  life.  Its  agency  was 
far  from  being  so  extensive  as  was  imagined. 

POI'SONOUS.  Tox'ical,  Nox'iiis,  (F.)  Toxique, 
VenSneux.     Having  the  qualities  of  a  poison. 

POISONS,  ACRO-NARCOTIC,  P.  nareotico- 
acrid  —  p.  Corrosive,  P.  acrid  —  p.  Escharotic,  P. 
acrid — p.  Irritating,  P.  acrid — p.  Putrescent,  P. 
septic.     See  Poison. 

POITRINAIRE,  Phthisicus. 

POITRINE,  Thorax. 

POIVRE  E'EAU,  Polygonum  hydropiper  — 


p.  de  Guinee,  Capsicum  annuum — j)-  d' Inde,  Cap- 
sicum annuum — p.  de  Jamaique,  see  Myrtus  pi- 
menta — ^j.  Long,  Piper  longum — ji.  de  Jl/oine, 
Vitex — p.  Noir,  Piper  nigrum — p.  Petit,  Vitex — 
2).  &  Queue,  Piper  cubeba — p.  Sauvage,  Vitex. 

POIX  BLANCHE,  see  Pinus  abies— ;>.  de 
Bourgogne,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Grasse,  see  Pinus 
abies — p.  Jaune,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Liquide, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Minerale,  Pissasphaltum 
— p.  Minerale  scoriacee,  Asphaltum — p.  JVavale, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Noire,  see  Pinus  sylves- 
tris. 

POKE,  Phytolacca  decandra  —  p.  Indian,  Ve- 
ratrum  viride — p.  Stink,  Dracontium  foetidum — 
p.  Weed,  Phytolacca  decandra,  Veratrum  viride. 
POLANIS'IA  GRA'VEOLENS,  Clammy  weed, 
Stinkweed,    Wormweed,   Clammy  Mustard,  False 
mustard,  from  iroXus,  '  many,'  and  aviaos,  'unequal,' 
in  reference  to  its  stamens.     An  indigenous  plant, 
Ord.  Capparidaceae,  Sex.  Syst.  Dodecandria  Mo- 
nogynia,  which  blossoms  in  summer,  and  is  found 
in  every  part  of  North  America.     To  the  whole 
plant  have  been  ascribed  anthelmintic  properties. 
POLAR  PLANT,  Silphium  laciniatum. 
POLECAT  WEED,  Dracontium  fcetidum. 
POLEMO'NIUM    REPTANS,    False   Jacob'/. 
Ladder,    Greek    Vale'rian,    Sweat-root.       Order, 
Polemoniaceae ;    indigenous,  flowering   in    May; 
has  been  used  as  a  diaphoretic  and  expectorant. 
POLENTA,  Alphiton. 
POLES.  Chalazaj. 

POLEY  MOUNTAIN,  OF  CANDY,  Teucrium 
Creticum — p.  Mountain  of  Montpelier,  Teucrium 
capitatum. 

POLIA'TER,  from  tfoXis,  'a  town,'  and  larpog, 
'a  physician.'  A  physician  exercising  his  pro- 
fession in  a  town,  by  the  appointment  of  the  go- 
vernment.—  Castelli. 

POLICE',  MED'ICAL,  Polili'a  med'ica.  Poll- 
tohiotherapi'a,  Medici'na  polit'ica,  Ordo  medic"i- 
na'lis,  Polit'ical  med'icine,  (F.)  Police  medicale 
ou  sanitaire.  Hygienic  rules  established,  or 
which  ought  to  be  established,  for  the  prevention 
of  disease,  and  to  contribute  to  the  progress  of 
medicine.  The  salubrity  of  districts,  especially 
during  the  existence  of  spreading  disease,  is 
greatly  ensured  by  an  efficient  medical  police. 

POLICLIN'ICA,    from    ttoXij,    '  a   town,'    and 

K\ivri,  'a  bed.'     Treatment  of  diseases  in  a  town. 

POLIO'SIS,  Trieho'sis  polio'sis,  Spilo'sis  poli- 


POLIOTES 


741 


POLYGALA 


o'sis,  PoViotes,  Canit"ies,  from  ttoaios,  '  hoary, 
gray.'  Hair  prematurely  gray  or  hoary.  The 
state  of  becoming  gray,  gray-haired,  PoUot'ri- 
chos. 

POLIOTES,  Poliosis. 
POLIOTRICHOS,  see  Poliosis. 
POLITIA  MEDICA,  Police,  medical. 
POLITOBIOTHERAPIA,  Police,  medical. 
POLIUM  CAPITATUM,  Teucrium  capitatum 
—  p.  Creticum,  Teucrium  Creticum  —  p.  Monta- 
num,  Teucrium  capitatum. 
POLL,  Head. 

POLLEN,  (L.)  Pollen,  Pollis,  TraX;?,  'dust.' 
The  fecundating  dust  contained  in  the  anthers  of 
flowers,  which  is  dispersed  on  the  stigma.  It  is 
conveyed  to  the  ovary  through  the  stigma  by  the 
Pollen  tube.  Tubus  23oUin'icus,  {¥.)  jBot/au  pol- 
ling que. 

POLLEX,  genitive  Pol'licis,  An'ticheir,  Prom'- 
aiins,  D!g"itus  2}>'iniU8  seu  magnvs,  Alius  pollex. 
Thumb,  (Prov.)  Thame,  Tom-toe,  from  pollere,  'to 
have  much  strength.'  (F.)  Pouce.  The  first  of 
the  fingers  in  size  and  strength.  It  is  asserted 
that  the  term  poltroon  is  derived  from  pol'lice 
truiica'to;  —  the  Romans  who  were  desirous  of 
being  exempted  from  military  service  being  ac- 
customed to  cut  off  the  thumb,  and  thus  render 
themselves  unfit  to  handle  arms. 
Pollex.  see  Digitus. 

PoLLEX  Pedis,  Hollus,  Hallux.    The  great  toe. 
POLLINC'TOR,  Po«mc7er,  (L.)  In  antiquity, 
an  anointer,  dresser,  or  embalmer  of  the  dead. 
POLLINCTURA,  Embalming. 
POLLIS,  Pollen. 

POLLOCK,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 
POLLOD'IC,  Po^forf'iCHs;  from  TToAus,  'many,' 
and  'oiog,  'a  way.'  An  epithet  proposed  by  Dr. 
Marshall  Hall  for  a  course  of  nervous  action  pro- 
ceeding from  one  point,  in  many  directions,  to 
every  other. 

POLLOM,  LITTLE,  Polygala  paucifolia. 
POLLU'TION,  Pollu'tio,  from  polluo,  polln- 
tum,  'to  profane.'  The  excretion  of  the  seminal 
liquor  or  sperm,  or  the  production  or  orgasm  in 
male  or  female,  at  other  times  than  during  coition. 
When  occasioned  by  a  voluntary  act,  it  is  called 
simply  Pollution  or  3fasturbation,  (F.)  Souillure; 
when  excited  during  sleep,  by  lascivious  dreams, 
it  takes  the  name  Nocturnal  ijollution,  Exnneiro'- 
Sis,  Oneirog'mos,  Oneirog'onos,  0 neirogonorrhce.' a, 
Exoneiroy'mus,  Spermatoclem'mn,  Spermatoclep' - 
sis,  Spermafolep'sis,  Spermaiolip'sis,  Gonorrhoea 
dorrnien'tiuni  seu  oneirog'onos  sen  vera  seu  libidi- 
no'sa,  Pro/lu'vium  sem'inis,  Spermatorrhce'a,  Pa- 
ronir'ia  salax,  Night  pollution,  (F.)  Pollution  in- 
volontaire. 

POLLUTION  INVOLONTAIRE,  Pollution 
— p.  Nocturnal,  Pollution — p.  Self,  Masturbation 
— p.  Voluntary,  Masturbation. 

POLONYCH'IA,  Pohjonych'ia,  from  s-oAu?, 
'manj','  and  ovv^,  ow^og,  'a  nail.'  The  condition 
of  having  supernumerary  nails, — a  rare  congeni- 
tal monstrosity. 

POLT-FOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 
FOhY,  Poh/s,  TToXvs,  'many, much,  full.'  Hence: 
POLYACflUM  TRISTE,  Pelargonium  triste. 
POLY^MIA,  Plethora. 
POLY^MIG,  Plethoric. 
POLY^MICUS,  Plethoric. 
POLYANHiEMIA,  Antemia. 
POLYANHEMIE,  Ansemia. 
POLYANTH'ES    TUBERO'SA,  Amarneachu. 
Ord.  Liliacese.     The  root  is   cut  into  slips  and 
laid  upon  the  bites  of  serpents  by  the  Peruvian 
Indians. 

POLYBLEN'NIA,  from  poly,  and  /SXerva,  'mu- 
cus.'    Excessive  secretion  of  mucus. 

POLYBREPHIA,  Pregnancy,  complex. 


POLYCARP'^,  from  jjo/y,  and  KapTrog,  'fruit' 
A  division  of  cutaneous  diseases  of  the  family 
Eczematosen,  of  Fuchs,  including  Psoriasis, 
Lichen,  Herpes,  and  Impetigo. 

POLY'CERAS,  from  ;jo??/,  and  (cfoaf,  'horn.' 
A  monstrous  animal  having  manj'  horns. — Gurlt. 
POLYCHOL'IA,  Perichol'ia,  HyperchoV  iu, 
from  p>oly,  and  x°^^'  'bile.'  Superabundance  of 
bile ;  such  as  is  supposed  to  exist  in  bilious 
fevers. 

POLYCHREST'US,  from  poly,  and  XP'?'^™^' 
'useful.'  Having  many  virtues.  An  ancient 
name  for  certain  medicines  considered  to  be  use- 
ful in  many  diseases. 

POLYCilRONIUS,  Chronic. 
POLYCHY'LIA,  from  poly,  and  %uXo5,  'juice.' 
Polychy'min.     Fulness  of  juices. 

P'OLYCHYMIA,  Polyohylia  — p.  Sanguinea, 
Plethora. 

POLYCLIN'ICA,  from  j)ohj,  and  kXivt,,  'bed.' 
Provided  with  many  beds  ;  — -  as  an  hospital. 

POLYCOR'IA,  from  poly,  and  Kopri,  'the  pu- 
pil.' The  state  in  which  there  is  more  than  one 
pupil. — ^'^on  Ammon. 

POLYCRINOSES,  see  Profluvium. 
POLYCYE'SIA,    Polycye'sis,    from   poly,   and 
Kvri^ii,  'pregnancy.'     Frequent  or  quickly  recur- 
ring pregnancies  :  also,  compound  pregnane}'. 

POLYCYTH^'MIA,  from  poly,  KVTog,  'a  cell,' 
und'aiiia,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  the  blood  in 
which  there  is  an  increase  of  the  red  corpuscles. 
POLYDAC'TYLUS,  Perissodac'tylus,  from 
poly,  and  ^axruXos,  'a  finger.'  One  who  has  a 
supernumerary  finger  or  fingers,  or  toes. 

POLYDIP'SIA,  from  ;w?7/,  and  iii-r,.  'thirst;' 
Sitis  morbo'sa  seu  inten'sa,  Polypo'sia,  IJipso'sis 
avens.  Excessive  thirst,  (F.)  Soif  excessive.  A 
constant  desire  for  drinking,  with  a  sense  of  dry- 
ness in  the  mouth  and  throat.  It  is  mostly  symp- 
tomatic of  fever,  inflammation,  dropsy,  excessive 
discharges,  &c.,  and  is  so  much  a  part  of  diabetes, 
that  it  has  been  called  Polydipsia. 

POLYG'ALA,  from  poly,  and  ya\a,  'milk;'  P. 
vulga'ris,  Common  Milkwort.  Ord.  Polygalaceae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Octandria.  The  leaves  are 
bitter,  and  are  used  in  the  same  eases  as  the  Poly- 
gala araara. 

Polygala  AirA'rtA,  P.  amarel'la  seu  vidga'ris. 
Bitter  llilkwort.  A  powerful  hitter ;  and,  conse- 
quently, tonic.  Its  reputed  virtues  are  balsamic, 
demulcent,  and  corroborant.  The  Polygala  ru- 
bel'la,  or  Bitter  Polygala  of  the  United  States, 
has  the  same  virtues. 

Polygala  Amauella,  P.  amara  —  p.  Bitter, 
see  P.  amara  —  p.  Grandiflora,  P.  senega. 

Polyg'ala  Paucipo'lia,  Triclisper'ma  gran- 
diflo'ra.  Dwarf  Milktvort,  Little  Pollom,  Ever- 
green Snakeroot,  (F.)  Polygnle  naine,  possesses 
the  same  properties  as  P.  Senega. 

Polyg'ala  Sen'ega,  P.  Virginia'na  seu  gran- 
diflo'ra,  Sen'eka,  Itattlesnalce  3filkicort,  Senega 
or  Pattlesiiake  root,  (F.)  Polygale  de  Virginie  OU 
de  Senel-a.  The  bark  is  the  active  part  of  the 
root.  Senega  (Ph.  U.  S.).  Its  taste  is  at  first 
acrid,  and  afterwards  very  hot  and  pungent.  It 
was  once  esteemed  to  be  specific  against  the  poi- 
son of  the  rattlesnake  and  in  pleurisy,  pneumo- 
nia, Ac,  after  the  inflammatory  action  had  been 
got  under.  It  has  been  given  also  in  humoral 
asthma,  chronic  rheumatism,  dropsy,  croup,  amen- 
orrhoea,  &c.  According  to  Peschier,  it  contains 
three  particular  principles,  Polyg'aline  or  Sen'e- 
gine,  Isol'itsine,  and  Polyg'alic  Acid.  Dose,  gr. 
30  to  40  of  the  powder. 

Polygala  Serpenta'ria.  A  shrub  of  Caffra- 
ria,  the  root  of  which  is  considered  by  the  natives 
as  a  sure  antidote  against  the  bites  of  venomous 
serpents. 


POLYGALACTIA 


742 


POLYPODIUM 


PoLYGALA  ViRGiNiANA,  P.  senega  —  p.  Vulga- 
ris P.  araara. 

POLYGALACTIA,  Pohjga'lia,  from  poly,  and 
ya\a,  yaXaKTus,  'milk.'  Superabundant  secretion 
of  milk  ;  galactia. 

POLYGALE  NAINE,  Polygala  paucifolia  — 
p.  de  Virginie,  Polygala  Virginiana. 
POLYGALIA,  Polygalactia. 
POLYGALINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 
POLYGONATUM,    Convallaria   polygonatum 
— p.  Anceps,  Convallaria  polygonatum — p.  Cani- 
culatum,  Convallaria  canaliculata — p.  Latifolium, 
Convallaria  canaliculata  —  p.  Multiflorum,  Con- 
vallaria  multiflora  —  p.   Pubescens,    Convallaria 
pubescens  —  p.  Uniflorum,  Convallaria  polygona- 
tum—  p.  Vulgare,  Convallaria  polygonatum. 

POLYG'ONUM,  P.  avieula're,  from  jmly,  and 
yovv,  'a  knee  or  joint.'  P.  centino'dium  sou  erec'- 
tum,  Centino' dia,  Centumno'dia,  Sanguina'lis  Cor- 
rig"iola,  Sanguina'ria,  Kvotgrass,  Knotweed, 
Bindweed,  Doorweed,  (F.)  MenouSe,  Trainasse, 
Gentinode.  Ord.  Polygonaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Oc- 
tandria  Trigynia.  This  grass  is  said  to  be  a 
feeble  astringent. 

Polygonum  Acre,  P.  hydropiper. 
Polygonum  Amphib'ium,  P.  coccin'eum,  Water 
Peraica'ria,  of  Europe    and  this  country.      Tiie 
roots  have  been  used  like  sarsaparilla,  especially 
in  diseases  of  the  skin. 

Polygonum  Bistor'ta,  P.  histortoVdes,  Bistor- 
ta,  Coluhri'na,  Offic"inal  Bistort,  Great  Bistort  or 
Snakeiveed,  {¥.)  Bistorte,  Couleuvriiie,  Serpentaire 
rouge.  The  root  is  a  powerful  astringent  and 
tonic;  and,  as  such,  has  been  used  in  internal 
hemorrhage,  atonic  diarrhoea,  ague,  <fcc.  Dose, 
gr.  XV  to  3j. 

Polygonum  Bistortoides,  P.  bistorta — p.  Cen- 
tinodium.  P.  aviculare. 

Polygonum  Coccineum,  P.  amphibinm. 
Polygonum    Divarica'tum  ;    Eastern    BucJr- 
wheat  plant.     The  roots,  reduced  to  a  coarse  meal, 
are  said  to  be  much  used  as  an  article  of  diet  by 
the  Siberians. 

Polygonum  Erectum,  P.  aviculare. 
Polygonum  Fagop'yrum,  Fagop'ymm,  F. 
esctdent'um,  Trit'icum  Fagi'num,  Buckwheat,  (F.) 
Sarrasin,  BIS  noir.  The  grain  of  this  plant  con- 
stitutes a  principal  article  of  food  with  the  inha- 
bitants of  Kussia,  German}',  and  Switzerland.  It 
is  much  used  in  the  United  States. 

Polygonum  Hydrop'iper,  P.  acre  seu  hydro- 
pipero'ides  (Pursh)  seu  puncta'tum,  Ifi/drojj'iper, 
Persica'ria  nrens,  31ercu' rius  terres'tris,  Poor 
Man's  Pepper,  Biting  Arse-smart,  Smartweed, 
Lakeweed,  Water-pepper,  (F.)  Poivre  d'eaii,  Per- 
sicaire poivree  ou  brtklante  ou  acre,  Pirnent  d'eau, 
Ourage,  Renouee  acre.  The  leaves  of  this  plant 
have  an  acrid,  burning  taste,  and  resemble  those 
of  the  arum.  They  have  been  recommended  as 
possessing  antiseptic,  aperient,  and  diuretic  vir- 
tues. The  fresh  leaves  have  been  applied  exter- 
nally as  a  stimulating  cataplasm. 

Polygonum  HydropiperoIdes,  P.  Hydropiper, 
P.  punctatum.  Polygonum  hydropipero'ides  of 
Michaux,  mild  waterpijier j  indigenous;  has  no 
acrid  properties. 

Polygonum  Persica'ria,  Pe>-s?'c«r?a,  P.  minor 
seu  mitis,  Plnmha'go,  Lady's  Thnmh,  Heart's  ease, 
(Prov.)  Redshanks,  (F.)  Persicaire  douce.  This 
plant  is  said  to  possess  vulnerary  and  antiseptic 
qualities.  It  has  been  given  in  wine  to  arrest 
gangrene. 

Polygonum  Puncta'tum,  P.  hydropiperoi'des, 
Water  jjepper  of  America,  Smartweed,  possesses 
similar  properties  to  Polygonum  hydropiper,  and 
js  occasionally  used  internally  in  gravel,  and  ex- 
ternally in  chronic  ulcers.  A  fluidrachm  of  the 
saturated  tincture  has  been  extolled  in  amenor- 
rhcea.     See  Polygonum  hydropiper. 


Polyg'onum  Virginia'num,  Wand-spiked  Per- 
sica'ria, Virgin'ia  Bistort;  indigenous;  is  astrin- 
gent, diuretic,  and  tonic. 

POLYGROMA,  Staphyloma. 

POLYHI'DRIA,  Polyi'dria,  Pohjidro'sis,  from 
poly,  and  'ibptaq,  'sweat.'     Excessive  sweating. 

POLYHYDRIA,  Hydrops. 

POLYHYPERH^MIA,  Plethora. 

POLYIDRIA,  Polyhidria. 

POLYIDROSIS,  Polyhidria. 

POLYLYMPHIA,  Anasarca. 

POLYMASTH'US,  Pleiomas'thus,  from  poly, 
and /<acr-&05,  '  breast.'  A  monster  having  several 
breasts.-^— Gurlt.  The  condition  has  been  called 
Polyma'zia,  Pleioma'zia,  and  Pleoma'zia. 

POLYMAZIA,  see  Polymasthus. 

POLYMEL'IAN,  (F.)  Polymelien,  from  poly, 
and  jxiKoi,  'a  limb.'  An  epithet  given  to  monsters 
characterized  by  the  insertion,  in  a  well  formed 
subject,  of  one  or  more  accessory  limbs,  accom- 
panied, at  times,  by  the  rudiments  of  certain 
other  parts. — I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

POLYMERIA,  Polymerismus  —  p.  Promiscua 
translativa.  Transposition  of  the  viscera. 

POLYMERIS'MUS,  Polywer'ia,  from  poly, 
and  iJtpog,  'apart.'  A  monstrosity,  which  con- 
sists in  the  existence  of  supernumerary  organs; 
as  a  sixth  finger  of  the  hand. 

POLYNEURON,  Plantago. 

POLYONYCHIA,  Polonychia. 

POLYOP'SIA,  PoVyopy,  from  poly,  and  oi^n, 
'sight.'  Vision  is  so  called,  when  multiple  or 
manifold. 

POLYOPY,  Polyopsia. 

POLYOREX'IA,  from  poly,  and  opi\i%,  'appe- 
tite.' Excessive  appetite  or  hunger.  A  genus 
in  the  Gastroses  of  M.  Alibert. 

POLYPE'RIA,  from  poly,  and  njipai,  'muti- 
lated.' Congenital  misconstruction  of  various 
parts  or  organs.  —  Good. 

POLYPHA'GIA,  Multivoran'tin,  from  poly, 
and  (payu),  '  I  eat.'  Voracity.  Faculty  of  eat- 
ing or  subsisting  on  many  kinds  of  food.  See 
Boulimia. 

POLYPH'AGOUS,  Polyph'agus,  3Tuliiv'orons, 
(F.)  Polyphage.  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
polyphagia. 

POLYPHARMACFA,  Polypharm'acy  ,-  from 
poly,  and  tpapjianov,  'a  medicine.'  The  prescrib- 
ing of  too  manj'  medicines.  A  prescription,  con- 
sisting of  a  number  of  medicines  ;  hence  the  name 
Polyphar'macns,  (F.)  Polypharmaque,  given  to 
one  who  is  in  the  habit  of  prescribing  a  number 
of  medicines,  and  whose  prescriptions  are  loaded 
with  ingredients.  The  term  is  taken  in  bad 
part. 

POLYPHARMAQUE,  see  Polypharmacia. 

POLYPHYSIA,  Flatulence. 

POLYPIFORM  CONCRETIONS,  see  Polypus. 

POLYPIONIA,  see  Polysareia  —  p.  Infantum, 
see  Polysareia. 

POLYPIOSIS,  see  Polysareia. 

POLYPLAS'TIC,  Polyplas'ticns,  from  poly, 
and  TrAao-ffw,  '  I  form.'  That  which  has  many 
shapes. 

PoLYPLASTic  Element,  in  histology,  is  one 
which  does  not  retain  its  primary  shape;  but  un- 
dergoes transformation  into  others.  —  Gerber. 

POLYPODPTES.  Wine  impregnated  with 
polypody. 

POLYPO'DIUM,  P.  Vulga're  seu  Virginia'- 
num  seu  pinnatif'idum,  Filic'ula  dulcis.  Common 
Pol'ypody,  Fern  root,  Rock  Brake,  Brake  root, 
(F.)  Fougere  douce.  Ord.  Filices.  From  poly, 
and  Touf,  TToioi,  'a  foot,'  owing  to  its  many  roots. 
This  fern  grows  in  the  clefts  of  rocks,  walls,  &c., 
in  both  hemispheres.   It  was  formerly  regarded  as 


POLYPODY 


.74; 


POLYSTOMA   PINGUICOLA 


a  eholagogue,  and  was  given  in  head  diseases.    It 
is  not  used  now. 

PoLYPODiuM  Adiantiforme,  seo  Calagualae 
radix  —  p.  Ammifolium,  see  Calagualae  radix 
— p.  Argenteum,  see  Calagualas  radix  —  p.  Ceta- 
reecinuLa,  P.  incanum  —  p.  Calaguala,  Calagualse 
radix  —  p.  Coriaceum,  see  Calagualae  radix  —  p. 
DentatuiQ,  Asplenium  filix  foemina  —  p.  Pilix 
fcemina,  Asplenium  filix  foemina. 

Polypo'dium  Filix  Mas,  Aspid'ium  sen  Athyr'- 
iiiin  sen  Nephro' diimi  seu  PoJys'ticiim  Filix  3fas, 
A.  dcpas'tum  seu  ero'sum,  Filix  pitina'ta,  Pteris, 
Blechnon,  Polyrrhi'zon,  Blancnon  Oriba'sii,  Lon- 
chi'tis,  Filic'nla,  Filix  3Ja9,  F.  non  ramo'sn  den- 
ta'ta,  Nephro'dium  crenatum,  Polys' ti cum  callip'- 
teris,  Male  Polypody  or  Fern,  (F.)  Foiigere  male. 
The  rhizoma  of  this  plant,  Filix  Mas,  Ph.  U.  S., 
has  been  much  extolled  as  an  anthelmintic,  and 
in  cases  of  taenia.  It  was  the  basis  of  a  once 
celebrated  remedy — 3Iadame  Noxiffer's — but,  per- 
haps, more  of  the  efiBcacy  was  to  be  attributed  to 
the  active  purgatives  by  which  it  was  followed 
than  to  the  fern.  Dose,  ^U  to  3''j  of  the  pow- 
dered solid  part  of  the  root ;  followed  in  the  morn- 
ing by  a  strong  cathartic  of  camboge  or  jalap. 
An  ethereal  extract  has  been  proposed  by  Dr. 
Peschier,  of  Geneva. 

Polypo'dium  Inca'num,  P.  cetarcB' cinum, 
Aeros'ticlium  polypodio'ides,  Pol'  ypody.  Rock 
Brake;  indigenous;  has  been  considered  demul- 
cent, cathartic  and  anthelmintic. 

PoLYPODiuM  Incisum,  Asplcnium  filix  foemina 
— p.  Molle,  Asplenium  filix  foemina — p.  Pennati- 
fidum,  P.  vulgare  —  p.  Politum,  see  Calagualae 
radix  —  p.  Trifidum,  Asplenium  filix  foemina  —  p. 
Virginianum,  P.  vulgare  —  p.  Vulgare,  Polypo- 
dium. 

POLYPODY,  Polypodium  incanum — p.  Com- 
mon, Polypodium  vulgare — p.  Male,  Polypodium 
filix  mas. 

POL'YPOID,  Polypoi'des  ;  from  j^olypus,  and 
uboi,  '  form.'  Having  the  shape  of,  or  resembling, 
a  polypus. 

POLYPORUS  IGNIARIUS,  Boletus  igniarius 
— p.  Officinalis,  Boletus  laricis. 

POLYPO'SIA,  TTo'SvTtoaia,  from  pioly,  and  -arm, 
'  drink.'  Great  thirst  —  desire  for  drink.  Poly- 
dipsia. 

POL'YPOTOME,  Polypot'omus,  Polypus  knife, 
from  polypus,  and  rc^vttv,  'to  cut.'  An  instru- 
ment for  the  removal  of  polypus  by  excision. 

POL'YPOUS,  Polypo'siis :  same  etymon  as  the 
next.  Relating,  or  belonging  to,  or  resembling 
polypus. 

POL'YPUS,  Pseiidometamorpho'sis  2}<'lypo's^>> 
from  TToXuf,  'many,'  and  tov;,  Troioi,  'afoot.'  A 
name  given  to  tumours,  which  occur  in  mucous 
membranes  especially  ;  and  which  have  been  com- 
pared to  certain  zoophytes.  Polypi  may  form  on 
every  mucous  membrane.  They  are  most  com- 
monly observed  in  the  nasal  fossse,  pharynx,  and 
uterus;  more  rarely  in  the  stomach,  intestines, 
bronchial  tubes,  bladder,  and  meatus  auditorius 
externus.  They  vary  much  in  size,  number, 
mode  of  adhesion,  and  intimate  nature.  Accord- 
ingly, they  have  received  various  appellations  ; 
mucous,  soft,  vesic'ular,  when  their  substance  has 
been  soft,  spongy,  vesicular,  and,  as  it  were,  gorged 
with  iluid.  Others  have  been  called  hard  ;  and 
these  have  been  distinguished  into  Jibrons  or 
fleshy,  and  into  scirrhous  or  caticerous.  Fibrous 
polypi,  Pol'ypi  fibro'si,  luopol'ypi,  are  of  a  dense, 
compact  texture,  and  whitish  colour.  They  con- 
tain few  vessels,  and  do  not  degenerate  into  can- 
cer. The  scirrhous  or  carcinom'utous  are  true 
cancerous  tumours,  painful  and  bleeding.  They 
present  all  the  pathological  changes  which  belong 
to  cancerous  affections,  and  the  prognosis  is  of 
course  unfavourable. 


The  mode  of  treating  polypi  must  differ  ac- 
cording to  their  character.  The  means  used  to 
destroy  them  have  been,  1.  To  subject  them  to 
the  action  of  certain  astringent  powders  or  solu- 
tions, to  obtain  their  resolution.  2.  Cauterization 
or  the  application  of  the  actual  cautery  or  caus- 
tics. 3.  Excision  or  ablation  with  a  cutting  in- 
strument, i.  Extirpation  with  the  fingers  or  with 
the  polypus  forceps.  5.  A  ligature,  put  round 
them  so  as  to  prevent  their  nutrition.  A  seton 
has,  also,  been  sometimes  used  to  gradually  de- 
stroy the  pedicle. 

The  term  Polypi,  Pseudopol'ypi,  Cardi'tis  po- 
lypo'sa,  Pol'ypiform  Concre'tions,  {¥.)  Concretions 
polypeuses  ou  polypiformes  ou  sanguines  du  Coetir, 
Heinocardioplasties,  (Piorry,)  has  likewise  been 
applied  to  collections  of  blood — fibrinous  concre- 
tions —  found  in  the  heart  or  great  vessels  after 
dissolution.  These  were  once,  erroneously,  re- 
garded as  morbid.  The  presence  of  these  con- 
cretions maybe  suspected,  when  in  the  course  of 
an  acute  or  chronic  affection  of  the  heart,  or  at 
the  close  of  chronic  diseases  in  general — especially 
those  of  the  lungs  — the  heart's  action  becomes 
suddenly  tumultuous,  obscure,  and  accompanied 
with  a  soft  bellows'  murmur,  whilst  the  general 
symptoms  indicate  the  effects  of  obstructed  circu- 
lation. The  right  cavities  are  most  frequently 
affected. 

Pol'ypus  'R'RO'SsCBlA''L\&,Bronchlemmi'tis,Bron- 
chi'tis  membrana'cea  seu  exsudati'va  seu  croupo'- 
sa,  B. plastic,  Bronchial  Croup,  Chronic  Croup  [?], 
Pseudo-mem' branous  Bronchitis,  (F.)  Bronchite 
pseudo-membraneuse.  A  membraniform  secretion 
in  the  bronchial  tubes  of  a  diphtheritic  character, 
having  the  shape,  when  unexpectorated,  of  the 
bronchia.  It  is  the  result  of  inflammation  of  the 
lining  membrane  of  those  tubes. 

Polypus  Carnosus,  Sarcoma — p.  Fibrosus,  see 
Polypus  —  p.  Uteri,  Metropolypus. 

POLYBRHIZON,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 
POLYRRHOilA,  Profluvium. 
POLYSAR'CIA,  Poly sarco' sis,  from  jjoJij,  and 
o-apl,  aapKog,  'flesh.'  Carnos'itas,  Polysoma'tia, 
Adelipa'ria,  Corpulen'tia,  Steati'tes.  Excessive 
corpulency.  Authors  have  distinguished  two 
varieties  of  this  :  —  Polysarcia  Carno'sa,  Gor'- 
pulency,  and  P.  Adipo'sa,  Polypio'nia,  Polypio'- 
sis,  Pimelo'sis  nim'ia,  Puchys'iniis,  Pachyn'sis, 
Obes'itas,  Hyperpim'ele,  Lipa'ria,  Adipo'sis, 
Polysar'eia  fagino' sa,  Empyme'lium  polysar'- 
cia,  Baryso'mia,  Burysomat'iea,  Lipo'sis,  Li- 
par'otes,  Lipas'ma,  Pinguitu'do,  Pin'guitude, 
Obes'ity,  (F.)  Obesite,  Embonpoint  excessif.  A 
severe  regimen  and  exercise  are  the  best  preven- 
tives. Children  are  occasionally  met  with  of 
unusual  fatness,  in  spite  of  every  care.  This 
morbid  disposition  has  been  termed  Polypio'nia 
infan'tum,  and  Chloro'sis  gigante'a. 

Polysarcia  Viscerum,  Physconia  adiposa. 
POLYSARCOSIS,  Polysarcia. 
POLYSCEL'IA,  irom.  poly,  and  uKtXos,  'a  leg.' 
A  monstrosity,  characterized  by  the  presence  of 
one  or  more  supernumerary  legs. 

POLYSIA'LIA,  from  poly,  and  aiakov,  'saliva.' 
Excessive  discharge  of  saliva. 
POLYSOMATIA,  Polysarcia. 
POLYSO'MIA,  from  poly,  and  aiaixa,  'body.' 
A  monstrosity  characterized  by  the  existence  of 
more  bodies  than  one. 

POLYSPAS'TON,  from  poly,  and  anau,  'I 
draw.'  A  powerful  instrument  for  reducing  luxa- 
tions. —  Gorrasus. 

POLYSPER'MIA,  from  poly,  and  c-rrtpfxa, 
'sperm.'     Richness  or  fulness  of  sperm. 

POLYSTICUM  CALLIPTERIS,  Polypodium 
filix  mas — p.  Filix  Mas,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

POLYSTOMA  PINGUICOLA,  see  Worms  — 
p.  Venarum,  see  Worms. 


POLTTRIC 


744 


POPLITEAD 


POLYTRIG,  Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

POLYTRICHIA,  see  Polytrichus. 

POLYT'RICIIUM,  from  |?o??/,  and  -Spif,  rpix"?- 
'hair,'  P.  vulga're,  Polyt'ricon,  Adian'tum  au' - 
reum,  Golden  Ilaiden-hair,  (F.)  Pevce-mousse. 
Ord.  Musci.  It  is  possessed  of  astringent  pro- 
perties, and  was  formerly  given  in  diseases  of  the 
lungs,  and  in  calculous  affections. 

PoLYTKiCHUM  CoMMONE,  Asplcnium  tricho- 
manoides. 

PoLYTRiCHUM  Juniperi'num,  Haircap  moss, 
Rohhin's  Rye,  common  in  New  England,  is  said 
to  possess  powerful  diuretic  properties. 

POLYT'RICHUS;  same  etymon  as  Pohjtri- 
cJiitm.  Very  hairy.  One  that  has  much  hair. 
The  condition  is  termed  Polytrichia ;  although 
this  term  is,  at  times,  employed  for  the  growth 
of  hair  on  parts  not  usually  having  it. 

POLYTROPiriA,  from  poly,  and  rpe^u,  'I 
nourish.'     Abundant  or  e-xcessive  nutrition. 

POLYURESIS,  Diabetes. 

POLYURIA,  Diabetes. 

POLYU'RICUS,  from  poly,  and  oupov,  'urine.' 
Sauvages  calls — Ischu'ria  polyu'rica  —  a  kind  of 
ischuria,  caused  by  accumulation  of  urine  in  the 
bladder. 

POMA,  Drink  —  p.  Chinensia,  see  Citrus  au- 
rantium. 

POMACEUM,  Cider. 

POMA'TUM,  Pomma' turn,  from  poma,  'apples,' 
■which  formerly  entered  into  its  composition.  (F.) 
Pommade,  Lipcirole,  Stearole.  A  pharmaceutical 
preparation,  employed  only  externally,  which  dif- 
fers but  little  from  an  ointment,  except  in  having 
generally  less  consistence.  It  is  usually  scented 
and  coloured  to  render  it  more  agreeable.  Apples 
formerly  entered  into  the  composition  of  the  po- 
matum  ;  hence  its  name. 

Common  Pomatum  is  made  of  lard,  12ft)s;  suet, 
41bs,'  essence,  ^viij. 

Pomatum  ad  Labia  Demulcenda.  Cerate  for 
the  lips  —  p.  Epispasticum  flavum,  Unguentum 
lyttse  medicatum  aliud  —  p.  Epispasticum  viride, 
&c.,  Unguentum  lytt^  medicatum  —  p.  for  the 
Lips,  Cerate  for  the  lips — p.  Nitricum  seu  oxyge- 
natum,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi — p.  Batumi, 
Unguentum  plumbi  superacetatis. 

POMBALEA  IPECACUANHA,  see  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

POMEGRANATE,  Puniea  granatum. 

POMILIUS.  see  Nanus. 

POMMADE,  Pomatum— 7^.  d'Alyon,  Unguen- 
tum acidi  nitrosi — p.  Antipsorique  de  Jasser,  Un- 
guentum sulphuris  compositum — p)-  d'Autenrieth, 
Unguentum  antimonii  tartarizati — ]).  de  Cyrillo, 
Unguentum  muriatis  hydrargyri  oxygenato  me- 
dicatum—  p.  Ppispastique  janne,  Unguentum 
lyttse  medicatum  aliud — p.  Epispastiqae  verte, 
Unguentum  lytt«  medicatum — p.  de  Garou,  Un- 
guentum epispasticum  de  daphne  gnidio. 

POMMADE  DE  GONDRET,  P.  ammoniacale 
de  Gondret  (F.),  Gondret's  Counterirritaiit,  Gon- 
dret's  ammoniacal  Caustic,  (Liq.  ammon.  p.  ij  ; 
Sevi,  p.  j  ;  01.  amygdal.  p.  j  ;  M.)  Used  to  excite 
a  speedy  revulsion  in  cases  of  chronic  affections 
of  the  brain,  incipient  cataract,  amaurosis,  Ac,  as 
well  as  to  cauterize  the  integuments  deeply. 

The  above  formula,  is  that  of  the  French  Co- 
dex, but,  according  to  M.  Trousseau,  it  is  much 
too  hard  for  use,  unless  the  weather  is  warm. 
He  proposes  two  formula,  one  for  summer,  the 
other  for  winter.  In  the /orn(er  he  directs  three 
parts  of  lard,  one  of  suet,  and  four  of  liquor  am- 
monim ;  in  the  latter,  equal  parts  of  lard  and 
liquor  ammonicp-.  ^ 

POMMADE  POUR  LES  LEVRES,  Cerate 
for  the  lips — p.  Ophthalmique  (Regent's.)  Unguen- 
tum   ophthalmicum  —  p.    Oxygenee,   Unguentum 


acidi  nitrosi — p.  Stihiee,  Unguentum  antimonii 
tartarizati. 

P0M3IE,  see  Pyrus  malus — p.  d'Adam,  Po- 
mum  Adami — p)-  d' Amour,  Solanum  lyeopersicum 
—  p.  Epineuse,  Datura  stramonium — p.  de  Mer- 
veille,  Momordica  balsamica — p.  Mousscuse,  Be- 
degar — p.  de  Terre,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

POMMES  HEMORRHOiDALES,  see  Vis- 
cum  album. 

POMMETTE,  see  Mala  os. 

POMMIER,  Pyrus  malus. 

P03IPE  POUR  L'ESTOMAC,  Stomach 
pump. 

POMPHOLYGE'RON,  Troij0oXvyvpov,  from 
TTon^oXiiyoo),  'to  raise  blisters.'  The  name  of  a 
plaster  employed  by  the  ancients.  —  Castelli. 

POMPH'OLYX,  from  ,:oix,pos,  'a  bladder.'  A 
small  vesicle  on  the  skin.  An  eruption  of  bullcB 
or  hlehs,  appearing  without  any  inflammation 
around  them,  and  without  fever.  It  is  the  Ec- 
phlysis  Pompholyx  of  Good.     See  Pemphigus. 

PoMPHOLYX,  Tutia,  Zinci  oxydum. 

POMPHUS,  AVheal. 

POMPION,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

POMUM  ADA'MI,  Eminen'tia  tJiyreoidea,  (F.) 
Pomme  d'Adam,  Adam's  Apple.  The  projection 
formed  by  the  thyroid  cartilage  in  the  neck  —  of 
males  particularly.  It  is  so  called  from  a  notion 
that  it  was  caused  by  the  apple  sticking  in  the 
throat  of  our  first  parent. 

PoMUM  Amoris, Testicle — p.  Hierosolymitanura, 
Momordica  balsamina  —  p.  Melongena,  see  Sola- 
num melongena  —  p.  Mirabile,  Momordica  Bal- 
samina—  p.  Spinosum,  Datura  stramonium. 

PONOTION,  Puncturing. 

POND  SHOVEL,  Unisema  deltifolia. 

PONDERA  ET  MENSUR^,  Weights  and 
measures. 

PONDUS,  Pudibilia  —  p.  Pharmaceuticum,  see 
Weights  and  measures. 

PONGITIF,  Pungent. 

PONS  CEREBELLI,  Pons  Varolii— p.  He- 
patis,  see  Lobulus  anonymus  —  p.  Sylvii,  Quad- 
rigemina  Tubercula  —  p.  Tarini,  Tarini  pons. 

Pons  Varo'lit,  P.  Cerehel'li.  Corpus  annula're, 
Proces'sus  annularis,  Prominen'tia  annula'ris 
cer'ehri,  Eminen'tia  annularis,  Nodus  enceph'ali 
seu  Cer'ehri,  Protuheran'tia  basila'ris,  Protuber- 
an'tia  annula'ris  Willis'ii,  Varo'li's  bridge,  Cer'e- 
bral  protu'berance,  (F.)  Protuberance  cerehrale  ou 
annulaire,  Mesencephale,  Mesocephale,  Pont  de 
Varole,  Annular  protuberance.  An  eminence  at 
the  upper  part  of  the  medulla  oblongata,  first  de- 
scribed bj'  Varolius.  It  is  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  crura  cerebri  and  crura  cerebelli. 

Pons  Zygomaticus,  Zygomatic  arch. 

PONT  BE  7ARIN,'Tanm  pons—;?,  de  Va- 
role, Pons  Varolii. 

PONTE,  see  Parturition — p.  Periodique,  see 
Parturition. 

PONTEDERIACORDATA,Unisemadeltifolia. 

PONTICUM  ABSINTHIUM,  Artemisia  Pon- 
tica. 

POOK,  Abdomen. 

POPLAR,  AMERICAN,  Liriodendron  —  p. 
Balm  of  Gilead,  Populus  Candieans  —  p.  Black, 
Populus — p.  Tree,  Liriodendron — p.  Tulip-bear- 
ing, Liriodendron. 

POPLES,  Gare'tum,  Garretum,  Ignys,  Tg'nye, 
Suffra'go,  Fossa,  genu.  Fossa  poplitcB'a,  the  Ham, 
Hough,  Hoff,  Hock,  (F.)  Jarret,  from  post,  and 
plico,  'I  fold.'  The  posterior  part  of  the  knee 
joint.  The  ham  forms  what  is  called  the  pop 
liteal  region  or  space. 

POPLESY,  Apoplexy. 

POPLIT^US,  Popliteal  muscle. 

POP  LITE,  Poplitfeus  muscle. 

POPLITEAD,  see  Popliteal  aspect. 


POPLITIC 


7  45 


PORPHYRY 


PoPLITe'aL,  PopVtlfB'xis,  PopUt'ic,  (F.)  Popliti, 
from  poples,  'the  ham.'  That  which  relates  to 
the  ham.     A  name  given  to  various  parts. 

Popliteal  Artery  —  Popliteal  portion  of  the 
crural,  —  (Ch.),  is  really  a  continuation  of  the 
femoral,  which  changes  its  name  on  passing 
through  the  adductor  magnus  muscle.  It  de- 
scends a  little  obliquely  outwards  into  the  hollow 
of  the  ham,  and  extends  from  the  commencement 
of  the  lower  third  of  the  thigh  to  the  end  of  the 
upper  quarter  of  the  leg,  where  it  terminates  by 
dividing  into  the  posterior  tibial  and  peroneal 
arteries.  In  the  ham,  it  gives  off  the  throe  xupe- 
rior  articular  arteries  ;  and,  at  the  top  of  the  leg, 
the  arteries  of  the  gemini  muscles  or  getnini 
branches,  (F.)  branches  jumelles,  the  two  inferior 
articular  arteries,  and  the  tibialis  untica. 

Popliteal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
side  on  which  the  poples  or  ham  is  situated. 
(Barclay.)  Popilite'ad  is  used  by  the  same  writer 
adverbially,  and  signifies  'towards  the  popliteal 
aspect.' 

Popliteal  Fossa,  Poples. 

Poplite'al  Glands,  Glan'dula  poplita'm. 
Lymphatic  glands,  four  in  number,  seated  in  the 
popliteal  region  or  space. 

Popliteal  Muscle, Pop?i7(s'»s  Muscle,  Subpop- 
h'tCBUS,  (F.)  Muscle  jyoplite,  Muscle  Jarretier,  Fe- 
vioro-popliti-tibial,  (Ch.),  is  seated  in  the  pop- 
liteal region.  It  is  triangular,  long,  flat;  and  is 
inserted,  on  the  one  hand,  by  means  of  a  strong 
tendon,  into  the  tuberosity  at  the  outer  condyle 
of  the  femur,  terminating  below  at  the  upper  part 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia.  This  muscle 
bends  the  leg  on  the  thigh,  and,  reciprocally,  the 
thigh  on  the  leg.  When  the  leg  is  bent,  it  causes 
it  to  turn,  in  rotation,  inwards. 

Popliteal  Nerves.  They  result  from  the 
bifurcation  of  the  sciatic,  and  are  two  in  number, 
viz.  1.  The  external  popliteal,  Peroneal  nerve, 
Uranchc peroniere,  (Ch.)  It  is  smaller  than  the 
internal;  turns  to  the  outside  of  the  fibula  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  leg,  and  divides  into  the  wn/s- 
calo-cutaneous  branch,  nerf  pretibio-digital,  (Ch.) 
and  the  anterior  tibial,  nerf  jiretibio-susphalanije- 
taire,  (Ch.)  2.  The  inter'nal  poplite'al  nerve, 
Branche  tibiale  (Ch.),  which  is  larger  than  the 
other,  and  seems  to  be  the  real  continuation  of 
the  sciatic  nerve.  It  descends  vertically  into  the 
hollow  of  the  ham  ;  and  passes  beneath  the  apo- 
neurotic arch  of  the  Solaris  muscle,  beyond  which 
it  takes  the  name  tibial  nerve.  It  furnishes 
the  external  saphena  nerve,  and  a  number  of 
branches,  that  are  distributed  to  the  posterior 
muscles  of  the  leg.  It  then  passes  to  the  sole  of 
the  foot  to  be  divided  into  two  branches,  called 
Plantar  nerves. 

Popliteal  Kegion,  Poples  —  p.  Space,  Poples. 

Popliteal  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement  as 
the  artery  behind  which  it  is  situate. 

POPLITIC,  Popliteal. 

POPONAX,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

POPPY,  CELANDINE.  Stylophorum  diphyl- 
lum  — p.  Corn,  red,  Papaver  rhoeas. 

Poppy  Heads,  see  Papaver. 

Poppy,  Horn,  Stylophorum  diphyllum. 

Poppy  Juice,  Meconium  —  p.  Pill,  Opium. 

Poppy,  Pp.iCKLy,  Argemone  Mexicana  —  p. 
Spoiling,  Cucurbalus  Behen  —  p.  Thorn,  Arge- 
mone Mexicana — p.  White,  Papaver  —  p.  White, 
capsule,  see  Papaver. 

POP'ULUS,  P.  nigra,  ^gei'ros,  Achero'is, 
Black  poplar,  (F.)  Penplier,  P.  noir  ou  franc. 
The  young  buds,  och?;  or  rudiments  of  the  leaves, 
which  appear  in  the  beginning  of  spring,  were 
formerly  used  in  an  ofiicinal  ointment  —  the  uti- 
r/ueii'tum  popule' uni.  It  was,  also,  recommended 
in  chronic  affections  of  the  lungs. 

The  bark  of  Pop'ulus  Tremulo'i' des,  American 


aspen,  of  P.  Trem'ula  seu  pen'dula,  European 
o«^jei),andof  PoPULUS  Can'dicans,  Balm  of  Gilead 
Pojilar,  is  antiperiodic,  and  furnishes  salicin  and 
popiulin,  in  which  the  properties  probably  reside. 

PopuLUS  Balsamifera,  see  Fagara  ootandra — 
p.  Candicans, see  Populus — p.  Pendula,  P.  tremula 
— p.  Tacamahaca,  see  Fagara  octandra  —  p.  Tre- 
mula, see  Populus — p.  Tremuloides,  see  Populus. 

PORCELAINE,  Essera,  Urticaria. 

PORCELET,  Hyoscyamus. 

PORCELIA  TRILOBA,  see  Cariea  papaya. 

PORCELLIO.  Oniscus. 

PORCELLUS,  Oniscus. 

PORCULUS,  Oniscus. 

PORCUPINE  DISEASE,  Ichthyosis. 

Porcupine  Mrs,  Echinoder'mi.  Persons  have 
been  so  called  in  whom  the  cuticle  is  produced  in 
the  form  of  pointed  prolongations,  as  if  it  hau 
been  moulded  on  the  papillae,  like  the  shorter  and 
blunter  quills  of  the  porcupine. 

PORCUS,  Vulva. 

PORDE,  Crepitation. 

PORE,  Poms,  In'terstice,  TTopo;,  'a  passage.' 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  openings 
at  the  extremities  of  vessels  at  the  surface  of  dif- 
ferent membranes.  Exhalant  Pores  have  been 
supposed  to  exist  in  the  exhalants,  to  transmit 
the  fluids  exhaled.  —  Absorbent  Pores  are  em- 
ployed in  taking  up  parts  that  have  to  enter  the 
circulation.  Pores  exist  in  the  cuticle  ;  3'et  Hum- 
boldt, with  a  powerful  magnifying-glass,  was  un- 
able to  observe  them.  The  pores  of  the  skin 
have  also  been  called  spira'cula. 

POREBLIND,  Myopic. 

PORED  MILK,  Colostrum. 

PORI  BILIA'RII,Z)i(c«!(s  bilia'riisen  bilif'eri, 
Canalic' uli  hilif'eri,  Siir'cnli fell'ei.  Ducts  whicb 
receive  the  bile  from  the  penicilli  of  the  liver,  and 
convey  it  to  the  hepatic  duct. 

PoRl  Cuta'nei,  p.  E.chulan'tes  seu  Sndorif'eri 
seu  liesorben'tes,  Mea'tus  cuticula'res.  The  pores 
of  the  skin. 

PoRi  Exhalantes,  p.  cutanei — p.  Pulmonum, 
Cellules,  bronchie — p.  Resorbentes,  P.  cutanei  — 
p.  Sudoriferi,  P.  cutanei. 

PORNOG'R API! Y,  Pomograph'ia  ;  from  itopvtj, 
'  a  prostitute,'  and  Ypa(p(i), '  I  describe.'  A  descrip- 
tion of  prostitutes  or  of  prostitution,  as  a  matter 
of  public  hygiene. 

POROCE'LE,  from  viopo;,  'callus,'  and  Kri\ii, 
'a  tumour.'  A  hard  tumour  of  the  testicle  or  its 
envelopes. 

POROMA,  Induration. 

POROMPHALOCELE,  Pororaphalon. 

POROM'PHALON,  Poromph'ahis,  Porompha- 
loee'le,  from  Trwpos,  'hard,'  and  o/KpaXog,  'the 
navel.'  Umbilical  hernia  with  hard  and  thick- 
ened parietes. 

POROS,  Canal. 

POROSIS,  Chalaza,  Induration. 

POROT'IC,  Porot'icus,  (F.)  Porotiqne,  from 
TTupof,  'callus.'  A  remedy  believed  to  be  capable 
of  assisting  the  formation  of  callus. 

PORPHYRA,  Purpura  — p.  Grtecorum,  Pe- 
teehia3 — p.  Hsemorrhagica,  Purpura  hemorrha- 
gica— p.  Laciniata,  Ulva  umbilicalis=— p.  Umbili- 
calis,  Ulva  umbilicalis. 

PORPHYRISMA,  Scarlatina. 

PORPHYRISMUS.  Scarlatina. 

PORPHYRIZATION,  Leviaation. 

PORPHYROTYPHUS,  see  Typhus. 

PORPHYRU'RIA,  Porphyu'ria  ;  from  nop4,x,pa, 
'  purple,'  and  ovpov,  '  urine.'  A  state  of  the  urine 
—  pnr'piiric  urine  —  in  which  it  deposits  the  re- 
markable colouring  matter — Pur'purine,  Urro'- 
aacine,  Rosac'ic  acid,  Uroer'ythrin,  Uro'rhodine, 
TJr'rhodine  —  in  association  with  urate  of  am- 
monia. 

POR'PHYRY,   Porphyri'tes,   from   Tup^vga, 


PORPHYURIA 


746 


PORTA 


'purple.'  A  species  of  very  hard,  compound 
rook,  susceptible  of  considerable  polish,  and  used 
in  the  fabrication  of  mortars  and  slabs  for  the 
apothecary. 

Porphyry,  Black,  Ophites. 
PORPHYURIA,  Porphyruria. 
FOB  RACE,  Porraeeous. 

PORRA'CEOUS,  Porra'ceus,  Pra'sinus,  from 
pon-iim,  'a.  leek.'  (F.)  Porrace.  Having  the 
green  colour  of  the  leek.  An  epithet  given  to 
certain  excreted  matters,  —  the  sputa,  bile  and 
fieces  particularly. 

PORREAU,  Allium  porrum. 
PORRBCTUM,  Lever. 
PORRET,  Allium  porrum. 
PORRIDGE,  ATHOL,  see  Mahogany. 
PORRIOINE,  Porrigo  favosa. 
PORRIGINEUX,  Porriginous. 
PORRIGINOSUS,  Porriginous. 
PORRIG"INOUS,  Porrigino'sus,  (F.)  Porri- 
ginenx.     Appertaining  to  porrigo. 

PORRI'GO  (L.),  'scurf  or  scall  in  the  head.' 
Tin'ea,  Fainis,  Furftira'ti'o,  Far'fares,  Ecpye'sis 
seu  Phlysis  porrigo,  Trichono'sis,  Scalled  head 
in  general,  Scallard;  from  porrigere,  '  to  spread.' 
(F.)  Teigne,  Rache.  Some  of  the  varieties  are 
contagious.  It  is  principally  characterized  by  an 
eruption  of  the  pustules,  called  favi  and  achores, 
unaccompanied  by  fever. 

PoR,RiGO  CoNPERTA,  P.  scutulata. 
Porrigo  Decal'vans,  Tricho'sis  a'rea,  Area, 
Alope'cia  area'ta  seu  parti'a'lis  seu  circumscrip'ta, 
Phytoalope'cia,  Trichono'sis  furfura'cea,  Tyr'ia, 
Tyro'ma,  Ophi'asis,  Tin'ea  tondens,  Herpens  ton- 
sn'rans,  Squarra  tondens,  Limited  or  partial  Bald- 
ness, consists  of  patches  of  baldness  without 
decay  or  change  of  colour  in  the  surrounding 
hair,  the  exposed  parts  of  the  scalp  being  glab- 
rous, white,  and  shining.  The  morbid  condition 
sometimes  spreads,  so  that  the  patches  coalesce, 
rendering  the  baldness  extensive.  To  a  vege- 
table growth,  found  at  the  roots  of  the  hair 
in  Tinea  tondens,  Gruby  gives  the  name  Ifieros'- 
po7-on  Audoiii'ni.  It  is,  also,  called  Tricoph'yton 
seu  TricJiom'yces  tonsti'rans.  The  treatment  con- 
sists in  keeping  the  scalp  cleared  by  constant 
shaving,  and  in  the  steady  application  of  some 
stimulating  liniment  or  ointment. 

Porrigo  Fato'sa,  Ce'rion,  Favus,  Ecpye'sis 
porrigo  favosa.  Tinea  favosa,  Sca'hies  cap'itis 
favosa,  Melice'ra,  Ilelice'rum,  Melioe'ria,  Mel- 
lifa'vium,  Porrigoph'yta,  Honey-comb  Scnll  or 
'Tetter,  (F.)  Teigne  faveuse,  Porrigine.  This  con- 
sists in  an  eruption  of  pustules  common  to  the 
head,  trunk,  and  extremities,  pea-sized,  flattened 
at  the  top,  in  clusters,  often  uniting;  discharge, 
fetid;  scabs,  honey-combed;  the  cells  filled  with 
fluid.  It  occurs  both  in  early  and  adult  life. 
Modern  researches  have  satisfied  some  observers, 
that  the  crusts  of  favus  are  of  vegetable  nature, 
and  formed  of  a  parasitic  plant,  belonging,  ac- 
cording to  Gruby,  to  the  obsolete  genus  myco- 
derm'a.  MM.  J.  Miiller  and  Lebert  refer  it  to 
the  genus  O'idium,  and  call  it  O'id'ium  Sehonlei'ni, 
whilst  Remak  assigns  it  to  a  new  genus  under  the 
name  Achorion  Sckonleinii.  The  point  is  not, 
however,  settled.  The  treatment  of  this  variety 
must  consist  in  the  exhibition  of  laxatives  and 
the  mildest  stimulating  ointments,  such  as  the 
Ung.  zinci,  Ung.  hydrargyri  prcBcipitat.  alb.,  &o. 
Eczema  of  the  hairy  scalp  is  often  confounded 
with  Porrigo. 

Porrigo  Fur'furans,  Ecpyesis  porrigo  fur- 
fura'cea. Tinea  seu  Tricho'sis  ficrfuraeea  seu 
porrigino'sa,  Pityri'asis,  Teigne  furfur  acee  (Ali- 
bert),  commences  with  an  eruption  of  small  acho- 
res, the  fluid  of  which  soon  concretes  and  sepa- 
rates in  innumerable  thin,  laminated  scabs,  or 
scale-like  exfoliations.     It  is  attended  with  a  sood 


deal  of  itching  and  some  soreness  of  the  scalp,  to 
which  the  disease  is  confined.  It  occurs  chiefly 
in  adults.  In  the  treatment,  the  scalp  must  be 
kept  shaved.  The  part  must  be  washed  re- 
peatedly with  soap  and  water,  and  an  oiled  silk 
cap  worn.  The  nature  of  the  ointments  used 
must  vary  according  to  the  period  of  disease  and 
the  irritability  of  the  part  affected.  Zinc  oint- 
ment; —  one  made  with  the  Gocculus  indicus  ; — • 
the  Sulphur  ointment ; — Citrine  ointment ;  Ung. 
hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi ;  Tar  ointment,  and 
Nitric  acid  ointment  have  all  been  found  useful. 
Should  inflammation  or  discharge  arise,  these 
applications  must  of  course  be  intermitted. 
Porrigo  Larvalis,  P.  lupinosa. 
Porrigo  Larva'i,is,  Crusta  lac'tea,  Ecpye'sis 
Porrigo  crusta'cea,  Menti'go,  Achor,  Tin'ea  lac'- 
tea seu  Fa'ciei,  Lactu'men,  Lacti'go,  Ifilky  scall 
or  Tetter,  Milkbloteh,  (F.)  Crodte  de  lait  ou  lait- 
eusi,  Feux  volages,  La  Oraine.  This  is,  almost 
exclusively,  a  disease  of  infancy.  It  commonly 
appears  first  on  the  forehead  and  cheeks,  in  an 
eruption  of  numerous,  minute,  whitish  achores  on 
a  red  surface.  These  break  and  discharge  a  viscid 
fluid,  which  becomes  incrusted  in  thin,  yellowish, 
or  greenish  scabs.  The  patches  spread,  until  the 
whole  face  becomes,  as  it  were,  enveloped  in  a 
mask;  hence  the  epithet  larvalis.  The  disease 
is  rather  a  varietj'  of  Eczema.  Sometimes  the 
eruption  appears  on  the  neck  and  breast;  and, 
occasionally,  on  the  extremities.  In  general,  the 
health  of  the  child  does  not  suffer,  but  the  erup- 
tion is  always  attended  with  much  itching  and 
irritation.  The  treatment  consists  in  mild,  tepid 
ablution,  and  the  application  of  gently  stimu- 
lating ointments,  as  the  oxydum  zinci.  The 
bowels  must  be  kept  in  a  soluble  state  by  small 
doses  of  calomel,  or  by  rhubarb  and  magnesia. 

Porrigo  Lupino'sa,  Tin'ea  lupi'na,  Favus 
disper'sus.  Scabies  cap'itis,  Ecpye'sis  porrigo  lu- 
pino'sa, Porri'go  larva'lis,  Impeti'go  figura'ta, 
Tin'ea  granula'ta  seu  muco'sa,  Crusta  lactea  (of 
some),  Ment'agra  infan' turn,  (F.)  Teigne,  Dartre 
erustacee  flavescente,  Favus  dissemine,  consists  of 
minute  pustules  in  small  patches,  mostly  com- 
mencing on  the  scalp;  the  patches  terminate  in 
dry,  delving  scabs,  resembling  lupine  seeds  ;  the 
interstices  often  covered  with  a  thin,  whitish  and 
exfoliating  incrustation.  It  occurs  chiefly  in 
early  life,  and  requires  the  same  treatment  as  the 
last. 

Porrigo  Scutula'ta,  P.  confer'ta,  Tin'ea  gra- 
nida'ta  seu  Jico'sa,  Ecpye'sis  porrigo  galea' ta-, 
Acho'res  seu  Sca'bies  cap'itis,  Favxis  confer' tua. 
Ringworm  of  the  Scalp,  Scalled  head,  (F.)  Teigne 
annidaire,  T.  en  anneau,  T.  ntimmulaire,  Favus 
en  grotipes.  It  commences  with  clusters  of  small, 
light,  yellow  pustules,  which  soon  scab  off;  and, 
if  neglected,  become  hard  by  accumulation.  If 
the  scabs  be  removed,  the  surface  is  left  red  and 
shining,  but  studded  with  slightly  elevated  points. 
If  not  attended  to,  it  involves  the  whole  head. 
It  occurs  in  children  three  or  four  years  of  age, 
and  is  very  unmanageable.  The  rules  laid  down 
under  Porrigo  furfurans  must  be  here  still  more 
perseveringly  enforced.  The  whole  tribe  of  stim- 
ulating ointments  may  be  used  in  succession. 
No  one  will  always  succeed,  and  hence  the  ne- 
cessity of  change,  provided  advantage  should  not 
seem  to  follow  any  particular  application.  The 
TJngnentum  ad,  Scabiem  of  Banyer  sometimes 
cures,  when  others  fail. 

PORRIGOPH'YTA.  Porrigo  favosa.  Porri- 
gophyte  means  the  plant  of  favus  or  of  porrigo 
favosa. 

PORRTLLON,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 
PORRUM,  Allium  porrum,  Thymion. 
PORRUS,  Sarcoma,  Thymion. 
PORTA,  TrvXn,  Pyle,  (F.)  Porte,  'a  gate.'   The 


PORTAL 


747 


POSSESSED 


part  of  the  liver  or  other  organ — Jtilus — where  its 
vessels  enter  as  by  a  gate.  See  Liver.  Also,  the 
Vulva. 

Porta   Hepatis,  see  Liver  —  p.  Jecoris,   see 
Liver  —  p.  Lienis,  see  Spleen. 

PoETA  Vena,  Vena  porta,  V.  porta'rum  seu 
nd  portas  seu  porta'Iis  seu  magna  seu  qiias  ad 
portas  est  seu  stelechice'a  seu  lac' tea  seu  ostia'ria 
seu  arterio' sa  seu  arteria'lis,  Hama'lis  vena,  Jan'- 
itrix,  Manila  Jec'oris  seu  he'patis,  Vena  ad  portas. 
The  System  of  the  vena  porta  or  the  Ahdom'inal 
venous  system  or  Portal  system,  {V.)  Veine  porte, 
Porte  veine,  is  a  vascular  apparatus  of  black 
blood,  situate  in  the  abdomen,  and  resulting  from 
two  distinct  orders  of  vessels,  united  into  one 
common  trunk.  1.  One  of  these  trunks,  much  j 
more  extensive  than  the  other,  has  received  the  I 
name  Vena  porta  abdomina' lis,  hecawse  it  arises  i 
from  all  the  organs  enclosed  in  the  cavity  of  the 
abdomen,  except  the  kidnej's  and  bladder ; and, 
in  the  female,  the  uterus.  The  Abdominal  vena 
porta  has  two  principal  roots,  the  splenic  vein 
and  the  superior  mesenteric,  which  have  their 
ramifications  in  all  the  digestive  organs.  2.  The 
other  trunk,  destined  solely  to  the  liver,  has 
been  called  the  Hepal'ic  vena  porta.  It  appears 
to  be  a  continuation  of  the  abdominal  vena  porta, 
and  proceeds  towards  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
liver.  Opposite  the  transverse  fissure  of  that 
organ,  it  divides,  like  an  artery,  into  two  branches, 
■which,  by  their  union,  seem  to  form  a  canal  or 
duct,  called  by  some  the  Sinus  of  the  vena  porta, 
or  of  the  portal  vein.  These  branches  are  distri- 
buted in  the  substance  of  the  liver,  whither  they 
are  accompanied  by  a  prolongation  of  the  fibrous 
capsule  of  that  organ, — the  capsule  of  Glisson. 
The  difi'erent  branches  of  the  vena  porta  are  de- 
void of  valves.     See  Liver. 

POPbTAL,  from  porta,  'a  gate.'  Relating  to 
the  porta  of  the  liver,  —  as  the  portal  system,  or 
system  of  the  vena  porta.  By  extension,  the 
term  has  been  applied  to  an  analogous  system  of 
vessels  in  the  kidney.     See  Kidney. 

Portal  Fissore,  see  Liver  —  p.  Possa,  see 
Liver — p.  System,  see  Porta  Vena — p.  System  of 
the  Kidney,  see  Kidney — p.  Vein,  Porta  Vena — 
p.  Veins  of  the  Kidney,  see  Kidney. 

PORTE-AIGVILLE,  Acntenac'uhm,  Needle- 
carrier,  Needle-bearer,  from  (¥.)  porter,  'to  car- 
ry,' and  aiguille,  '  a  needle.'  An  instrument  for 
accurately  laying  hold  of  a  needle,  and  giving  it 
greater  length,  when  it  is  so  fine  and  small  that 
it  cannot  be  held  by  the  fingers.  It  is  of  steel  or 
silver,  about  two  inches  long,  and  throughout  the 
whole,  almost,  of  its  length,  divided  into  two 
branches,  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  forceps,  capable 
of  being  closed  by  means  of  a  sliding  ring.  A 
modification  of  this  instrument  was  devised  by 
Dr.  Physick  for  taking  up  deep-seated  arteries 
beyond  the  reach  of  a  tenaculum  or  common 
needle.  It  consists  of  a  forceps  so  constructed 
as  to  hold  in  its  extremity  a  needle  armed  with 
a  ligature.  The  handles  of  the  forceps  are  fas- 
tened together,  temporarily,  by  a  spring  or  catch  ; 
and,  when  the  needle  is  fairly  deposited  beneath 
the  vessel,  it  is  disengaged  from  the  forceps  and 
drawn  out,  leaving  the  ligature  behind,  which 
can  be  tied  without  difficulty. 

PORTE- BOUGIE  (P.).  A  silver  canula 
similar  to  that  of  a  trochar,  except  that  it  is 
longer.  It  is  used  for  conducting  bougies  into 
the  urethra. 

POE  TE  -  OA  USTIQ  UE,  Porte-pierre  —  p. 
Feuille,  Subscapularis. 

PORTE-LAQ.  An  instrument  for  carrying 
the  laq  or  fillet  over  the  limb  of  the  foetus  whilst 
in  utero,  when  turning  is  necessary. 

PORTE-LIGATURE,  irom  2}orter,  '  to  carry,' 


and  ligature.     An   instrument   for   conveying  a 
ligature  to  deep-seated  parts. 

POR  TE-MkcHE  (P.),  from  porter,  '  to  carry,' 
and  meche,  'a  tent.'  An  instrument  for  carrying 
tents  or  meches  deeply  into  fistulous  openings,  or 
sinuses,  to  the  bottom  of  ulcers,  &e.  It  is  a  wire 
of  silver  or  steel,  four  or  five  inches  long,  having 
a  notch  at  one  extremity,  and  a  button  at  the 
other. 

PORTE-MOXA  (P.).  A  small  instrument 
for  keeping  the  moxa  applied  to  a  part  to  be  cau- 
terized. It  consists  of  a  metallic  ring — separated 
from  the  skin  by  three  supports  of  ebony  —  to 
which  a  handle  is  adapted. 

PORTE-NCEUD  (P.),  from  porter,  '  to  carry,' 
and  ncend,  'a  knot.'  An  instruQient  for  carrying 
a  ligature  round  the  base  or  pedicle  of  a  tumour. 
PORTE-PIERRE {¥.),  Porte-caustique,  Caus- 
tic bearer.  An  instrument  similar  to  a  porte- 
erayon  for  carrying  lunar  caustic. 

PORTE-SONDE  (P.).  An  instrument  resem- 
bling a  porte-crayon,  employed  for  holding  the 
style  or  sonde,  and  inserting  it  more  readily  into 
the  nasal  duct,  during  the  operation  for  fistula 
laorymalis. 

PORTE  VEINE,  Porta  vena. 
P0RTENTU3I,  Monster. 
PORTER,  Cerevisia. 

PORTIO  DURA,  Facial  nerve  — p.  Inter  du- 
ram  et  mollem,  Portio  Wrisbergii — p.  Intermedia 
Wrisbergii,  Portio  AVrisbergii  —  p.  Media  inter 
portionem  duram  et  portionem  mollem,  Portio 
Wrisbergii. 

Portio  Mollis,  Auditory  nerve. 
Por'tio  Wrisber'gii,  P.  inierme'dia  Wrisber'- 
gii  seu  media  inter  portionem  duram  et  portionem 
mollem  seu  inter  duram  et  mollem,  (F.)  Faisceau 
intermediare  de  Wrisberg,  Interrnediaire  deWris- 
herg.  A  small,  white  fasciculus,  intermediate 
between  the  portio  mollis  and  portio  dura  of  the 
seventh  pair  of  nerves,  which  was  first  described 
by  Wrisberg.  The  Chorda  Tj'mpani  is  supposed 
by  some  to  emanate  from  this  nerve. 

PORTION  COSTO-TRACIIELIENNE^  DU 
SACRO-SPINAL,  Longissimus  dorsi— ;j.  ^co?7- 
leux  ou  squameux  du  temporal.  Squamous  portion 
of  the  temporal  —  p.  Loinbaire  du  j'lexus  crural, 
Lumbar  plexus.  ^ 

PORTION  GODRONNE  DE  LA  CORNS 
D'AilMON.  A  name  given  by  Vicq  d'Azyr  to 
a  small,  denticulated  cord,  of  a  compact  tissue 
and  granular  appearance,  which  unites  the  cornu 
ammonis  to  the  paries  of  the  lateral  ventricle. 
PORTONARIUM,  Pylorus,  Duodenum. 
PORTULA'CA,  P.  olera'cea,  Andrach'ne,  Al'- 
lium  Gal'licum,  Purslane,  (P.)  Pourpier  cultive. 
This  plant  abounds  with  a  watery  and  somewhat 
acid  juice  ;  and  is  often  put  into  soups  or  pickled 
with  spices.  It  is  regarded  as  antiseptic  and 
aperient. 

PORUS,  Callus,  Meatus — p.  Acusticus,  Audi- 
tory canal,  internal. 

Porus  Op'ticus.  An  opening  in  the  centre 
of  the  cribriform  lamella  of  the  sclerotic,  through 
which  the  central  artery  of  the  retina  enters  tlie 
eyeball. 

POSCA,  Oxyerate. 
POSE,  Coryza. 
POSIMOS,  Potable. 
POSITION.  PALSE.  False  position. 
POSOL'OGY,    Posolog"ia,    Dosiolog"ia,  from 
nocros,  '  quantity,'  and  'Xoyoq,  '  adiscourse.'  Indica- 
tion ofthe  doses  in  which  the  diflFerent  articles  of  the 
materia  medica  ought  to  be  exhibited.  (P.)  Dosage. 
POSOQUERIA  DUMETORUM,  Randia   Du- 
metoruin.^      ^ 

POSSEDE,  Possessed. 

POSSESS'ED,  i>fflWion!-'(/ci(a,  (F.)Possede.  One 


POSSET 


748 


POTASSA,    ACETATE   OF 


affected  with  epilepsy,  or  other  strange  neurotic 
affection,  was  formerly  supposed  to  be  'pos- 
sessed'by  a  demon.  Hence,  exorcism  and  va- 
rious religious  ceremonies,  at  one  time  employed 
to  drive  off  the  intruder. 

POSSET,  Posse' turn,  from  (L.)  posca,  'sour 
wine  and  water'  [?].  Milk  curdled  with  wine,  or 
any  acid,  or  treacle.  A  preparation  of  beer  and 
milk  :  Zythog'ala. 

Posset,  Sack,  see  Sack — p.  Sago,  see  Sago. 

POSSETTING,  Resrurgitation  (of  Infants). 

POSTBRACHIALE,  Metacarpus. 

POSTCARPIUM,  Metacarpus. 

POSTE'RIOR  ANNULA'RIS.  An  external, 
interosseous  muscle,  which  arises  from  the  eorre- 
fponding  sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of  the 
ring-iinger  and  little  finger,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  inside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  ring- 
finger.  Its  use  is  to  draw  the  ring-finger  in- 
wards. 

PosTERTOR  Adris,  Retrohcns  auris. 

Posterior  In'dicis  Manus.  An  internal,  in- 
terosseous muscle,  which  arises  from  the  inner  or 
ulnar  side  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  fore- 
finger, and  is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the  ten- 
don on  the  back  of  the  fore-finger.  Its  use  is  to 
draw  the  fore-finger  inwards. 

Posterior  Ixuicis  Pedis,  Ahdue'tor  Indicis 
Pedis.  An  external,  interosseous  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  metatarsnl 
bones  of  the  fore-toe,  and  second  of  the  small 
toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the  outside  of  the  root 
of  the  first  bone  of  the  fore-toe.  Its  use  is  to  pull 
the  fore-toe  outwards. 

Posterior  Me'dii  Dig"iti  Manus.  An  exter- 
nal, interosseous  muscle,  which  arises  from  the 
corresponding  sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of 
the  middle  and  ring-fingers  ;  and  is  inserted  into 
the  inside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  mid- 
dle finger.  Its  use  is  to  draw  the  middle  finger 
inwards. 

Posterior  Medii  Dig"iti  Pedis.  Ahdiicfor 
medii  digiti  pedis.  An  external,  interosseous 
muscle,  which  originates  from  the  contiguous 
sides  of  the  metatarsal  bones  of  the  second  and 
third  of  the  small  toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
outside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  second 
of  the  small  toes.  Its  use  is  to  pull  the  toe  out- 
wards. 

Posterior   Ter'tii   Dig"iti,  Addiic'ior  tertii 
digiti.     An  external,  interosseous  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  metatarsal 
bones  of  the  third  and  fourth  of  the  small  toes, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  outside  of  the  root  of  the 
first  bone  of  the  third  of  the  small  toes.     Its  use 
is  to  pull  the  toe  outwards. 
POSTIIE.  Penis,  Prepuce. 
POSTHET'OMIST,  Posthet'omm,  from  Toa^n. 
'prepuce,'  and  ro^i?,  'incision.'     One   who  per- 
forms the  operation  of  circumcision. 
POSTHETOMY,  Circumcision. 
POSTHIA.  Hordeolum. 

POSTHIOPLAS'TIC.  Postliiox>las'ticiis,  from 
Tua^n,  'the  prepuce,'  and  -Xaaaia,  'I  form.'  An 
epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for  restoring  the 
prepuce. 

POSTHI'TIS,  Acrohysti'tis,  AcropostM'tis, 
from  TTOd^rj,  'the  prepuce,  the  penis,'  and  itis,  the 
termination  for  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  prepuce. 

POSTHIUM,  Prepuce. 

POSTHON'CUS,  from  ro^^^,  'the  prepuce  or 
penis,'  and  oyKoi;,  '  a  tumour.'  Swelling  of  the 
prepuce  or  penis. 

POSTHOPLAS'TICA,  from  xo^&r,,  'prepuce,' 
and  TrXaariKos,  'formative.'  The  art  of  making  a 
new  prepuce. 

POST'HUMOUS,  from  post,  'after,'  and  humus, 
'  the  ground.'      Occurring  after  death. 


Posthumous  Child.  One  born  after  the  death 
of  its  father,  or  taken  from  the  dead  body  of  its 
mother,  as  by  the  Ctesarean  section. 

POSTIME,  Abscess. 

POST-MORTEM.  'After  death  ;' as  '  a.  post 
mortem  or  necroscopic  examination.' 

POST-NATUS.  '  Born  after.'  In  the  old  law 
writers,  the  second  son. 

POST-PARTUM.  'After  delivery.'  As '^jost 
partum  hemorrhage.' 

POSTPOSIT"IO,  [post,  'after,'  and  ponere, 
positum,  'to  place,')  'a  postponement.'  Delay 
in  the  return  of  a  paroxysm.  It  is  opposed  to 
antieipatio,  which  means  the  return  of  a  parox- 
j'sm  earlier  than  its  accustomed  hour. 

In  this  sense,  we  speak  of  an  anticipating,  and 
a.  pnstponinq  [Fehris  hyateret'ica)  intermittent. 

POSTREMA,  Uterus. 

PO'TABLE,  Potah'ilis,  from  potare,' to  drink.' 
Pnt'imos,  Potos,  Pos'imos,  'drinkable.'  Water  is 
said  to  be  potable,  when  it  contains  atmospheric 
air  :  is  not  brackish  ;  and  has  no  mineral  impreg- 
nation of  consequence. 

POTASH.  So  called  from  the  pots  or  vessels 
in  which  it  was  made; — Vegetable  alkali,  Gastri- 
num.     Also,  Potass. 

Potash  of  Commerce,  Pofassa  impu'ra,  Im- 
pitre  potassa,  Alti'men  cati'num,  Cin'eres  Rus'aici, 
Subcar'bonas  potas'sce  ■impii'rus,  Potas'scB  car'bo- 
vas  impurns,  Lix'ivus  einis,  the  Pearlash  of 
commerce,  is  prepared  from  the  ashes  of  land- 
plants  by  calcination,  solution  in  water,  filtration, 
and  evaporation.  It  usually  consists  of  subcar- 
bonate  of  potassa,  sulphate  of  potassa,  chloride 
of  potassium,  silex,  oxide  of  iron,  <tc. 

From  the  ashes  of  lees  of  wine,  and  from  vine- 
twigs,  a  much  purer  alkali  is  obtained.  It  is 
called  Cinis  itifecto'nus  sen  fcp.ciim,  Cin'eres  cla- 
vella'ti  seu  grnvella'ti,  Alu'men  facxmi,  (F.)  Cen- 
dres  gravelees  ou  de  sarment. 

Another  variety  of  the  alkali  is  nfforded  by 
burning  argol  in  a  crucible  ;  afterwards  powder- 
ing and  calcining  it,  till  it  is  nearly  white;  then 
dissolving  in  water,  filtering,  and  evaporating.  It 
is  called  Salt  of  Tartar,  Sal  Tar'tari,  Kali  prcB- 
para'tiim  e  tar'tnro,  K.  e  tartaro,  Subcar'bonas 
pntass(B  piiris'simus,  Potas'scB  subcar'bonas  e  tar'- 
taro.  Lastly,  when  wormwood  is  burnt  to  ashes, 
dissolved  in  water,  filtered,  and  evaporated  to 
dryness,  it  affords  another  variety  of  vegetable 
alkali,  the  Sal  ahsin'thii  or  Salt  of  wormwood. 

Impure  potash  is  used  for  preparing  the  sub- 
carbonate  for  medical  use. 

POTASS,  Potassa  fusa,  Potash.  The  protoxide 
of  potassium. 

POTASSA,  ACETATE  OF,  Potassa;  acetas  — 
p.  Bichromate  of,  PotassEe  bichromas — p.  Bisul- 
phate  of,  Potass£e  supersulphas — p.  Bitartrate  of, 
Potassse  supertartras  —  p.  Carbonate  of,  Potassas 
carbonas  —  p.  Carbonate  of,  pure,  see  Potassee 
subcarbonas — p.  Caustica  cum  calce,  Potassa  cum 
calce — p.  Chlorate  of,  Potassae  murias  hyperoxy- 
genatus  —  p.  Chromate  of,  Potsssoe  chromas — p. 
Chromate  of,  neutral,  Potassee  chromas — p.  Chro- 
mate of,  yellow,  Potassse  chromas. 

Potas'sa  cum  Calce,  P.  ope  ealcis  para'ta  et 
igne  fusa,  Potassa  caust'ica  cum  calce,  Potass  ivith 
lime,  Calx  cum  kali  ptiro,  Caxis'ticum  commii'ne 
for'tius,  Lapis  inferna'lis  sive  sep)'ticus,  Kali 
caus'ticumcum  calce,  Lap)is  cans'ticns,  (F.)  Potasse 
preparee  avec  la  cJiaux,  P.  d  la  Chaiix,  Pierre  a 
cantere.  (PotasscB,  Calcis  aa  ,^j.  Rub  together, 
and  keep  in  a  well-stopped  bottle. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Used  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  next,  but  more 
manageable  ;  being  less  deliquescent. 

Potassa,  Euchlorate  of,  Potassse  murias 
hyperoxygenatus  —  p.  Ferrocyanate  of,  Potassii 
ferrocyanuretum  —  p.  Ferroprussiate  of,  Potassaa 
cyanuretum. 


POTASS^  ACETAS 


749 


POTASS^ 


PoTASSA  FcsA,  Potassn,  Kail  cava'tieum  seu 
purum,  Fused  potass,  Alkali  vegetah'ile  Jixum 
cans'ticum,  Caus'ticum  commu'iie  acer'rimnm,  G. 
alkali'mtm  seu  commu'ne  seu  potentia'le  seu  Sali'- 
jiiMrt,  Hydras  ka'licum,  H.  potas'sa  ^Jura  fusm, 
PotosscB  hydras,  Lapis  caus'tieus  seu  causticns 
chiriirgo'rum  seu  in/erna'lis  alcali'nus  seu  sep'ti- 
cus,  Rupto'rium  comnu' ne,  Fixed  veg"etable  alkali, 
Hydrate  of  Potassa,  (F.)  Potasse  canstique. 
(Prepared  by  evaporating  solution  of  potass  to 
drj'ness  in  an  iron  vessel.)  This  preparation  is 
generally  run  into  cylindrical  moulds, covered  with 
paper,  and  kept  in  well-corked  vessels.  It  is 
powerfully  escharotic,  and  is  used  for  forming 
issues,  curing  strictures,  &c. 

Potassa,  Fused,  Potassa  fusa — p.  Hydriodate 
of,  Potassae  hydriodas  —  p.  Hydrobromate  of,  see 
Bromine — p.  Hydrocyanate  of,  Potassii  cyanure- 
tum  —  p.  Hypermanganate  of,  Potassae  hyper- 
manganas — p.  Hyperoxalas,  Potass,  oxalate  of — 
p.  Hypertartras,  P.  supertartras  —  p.  Irapura, 
Potash  of  commerce  —  p.  and  Iron,  tartrate  of, 
Ferrum  tartarizatum — p.  with  Lime,  Potassa  cum 
calce  —  p.  Liquida,  Liquor  potassae  —  p.  Mephite 
of,  Potassae  subcarbonas  —  p.  Monochromate  of, 
Potassas  chromas — p.  Muriate  of,  Potassae  muri;is 
—  p.  Nitrate  of.  Potass®  nitras — p.  Ope  calcis 
parata  et  igne  fusa,  Potassa  cum  calce  —  p.  Oxy- 
tnuriate  of,  Potassae  murias  hyperoxygenatus — p. 
Permanganate  of,  Potassae  permangnnas  —  p. 
Prussiate  of,  Potassii  ferrocyanuretum  —  p.  and 
Soda,  tartrate  of.  Soda,  tartrate  of — p.  Subcar- 
bonate  of,  Potassae  subcarbonas  —  p.  Sulphate  of, 
Potassffi  sulphas  —  p.  Sulphate  of,  acid,  Potassfe 
supersulphas — p.  Sulphuret  of,  Potassae  sulphure- 
tura  —  p.  Supercarbonate  of,  Potassas  carbonas  — 
p.  Supersulphate  of,  Potassae  supersulphas — -p. 
Supertartrate  of,  Potassae  supertartras  —  p.  Tar- 
trate of,  Potassae  tartras. 

POTAS'SjE  ACE'TAS,  Oxytar'tarns,  Acetas 
kali  seu  lixiv'ios  seu  ka'lieum,  Al'kali  tnr'tari 
nee'to  satura'titm,  A.  vegetah'ile  cvm  aceto,  Magis- 
te'rium  tartari  pnrgans.  Terra  folia'ta  Tartari, 
Kali  aceta'tum,  Sal  diuret'icns  seu  Senner'ti, 
Arca'num  tartari,  Ac"etafe  of  potass,  (F.)  Acetate 
de  potasse.  {Acid,  acetic.  Oj,  Potasses  carbon,  q.  s. 
Mix  and  add,  by  degrees,  enough  acetic  acid  to 
saturate  the  alkali;  then  filter  and  evaporate 
till  a  pellicle  is  formed,  which  is  to  be  dried  upon 
bibulous  paper  ;  evaporate  again  in  a  water-bath, 
and,  removing  the  pellicles,  dry.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  cathartic  and  diuretic.  Dose,  ^}  to  ^\j, 
or  more. 

PotasSjE  et  Alumina  Sulphas,  Aluraen  — 
p.  Biantimonias,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum  — 
p.  Bicarbonas,  Potassae  carbonas, 

PoTAS's^  Bichro'mas,  Kali  chro'micitm  rn- 
hrnm  seu  ac"idum  seu  hichro'micum,  Bichro'mate 
of  potas'sa.  Procured  by  adding  sulphuric,  ni- 
tric, or  acetic  acid  to  a  solution  of  the  neutral 
chromate,  and  setting  it  aside  to  crystallize.  It 
is  a  violent  irritant  poison;  and  has  been  used 
as  a  caustic  in  cases  of  morbid  growths,  in  the 
proportion  of  from  half  a  drachm  to  a  drachm  of 
the  salt  to  from  an  ounce  to  an  ounce  and  a  half 
of  water. 

Potass^  Bisulphas,  P,  supersulphas  —  p.  Bi- 
tartras,  P.  supertartras. 

PotaSSjE  Car'bonas,  Kali  aera'tum,  Bicar'- 
honas  potassa,  Potas'scB  hiear'bonas  (Ph.  U.  S., 
L.,  E.,  &,  D.),  Deutocarbonas  potassii,  Carbonate, 
hiear'bouate  or  snpercar'bonate  of  potassa.  This 
is  not  caustic,  like  the  subearbonate  of  potass, 
and  hence,  has  been  preferred  to  relieve  acidity. 
{Potass,  carbon.  Ibiv,  AqticB  destillat.  Ox.  Pass 
carbonic  acid  through  the  solution  until  it  is 
saturated,  and  filter.  Evaporate  at  a  heat  not 
exceeding  lfiO°,  and  dry  the  crystals  on  bibulous 
paper.     Carbonic  acid  is  obtained    from  marble 


by  the  addition  of  dilute  sulphuric  acid.  —  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Dose,  gr.  x  to  gss.  It  is  used  in  forming 
the  soda  powders,  as  well  as  for  its  antacid  pro- 
perties. 

Distillers  and  brewers  prepare  this  salt  with 
great  facility  by  suspending  a  solution  of  the  puri- 
fied carbonate  of  potassa  in  the  fermenting  tun. 
The  alkaline  salt  is  thus  surrounded  by  an  atmo- 
sphere of  carbonic  acid  ;  and  by  absorbing  it,  it 
crystallizes  into  bicarbonate.  The  salt  in  powder 
is  called  sal  aeratus.  Its  composition  is  between 
that  of  a  carbonate  and  of  a  bicarbonate. 

PoTASSiE  Carbonas,  P.  subcarbonas  —  p.  Car- 
bonas e  Lixivo  Cinere,  P.  subcarbonas  —  p.  Car- 
bonas impurus,  P.  subcarbonas  —  p.  Carbonas 
purus.  Pure  carbonate  of  potassa,  see  P.  subcar- 
bonas • — -p.  Chloras,  P.  murias  hyperoxygenatus 
— p.  Chloruretum  oxydatum,  P.  murias  hyperoxy- 
genatus. 

Potas'SjE  Chromas,  Kali  chro'micum  fnvum 
seu  neutra'le,  Netitral  yellow  Chrowate  or  Jlfono- 
chromate  of  potassa.  ■  Prepared  by  igniting  a 
mixture  of  four  parts  of  native  cliruwite  of  iron 
(chrome  iron  ore)  and  one  part  of  nitre  ;  dissolv- 
ing out  the  chromate  of  potassa  by  icater,  and 
crystallizing.  It  has  been  used  as  an  emetic,  ex- 
pectorant and  diaphoretic.  Dose,  as  an  emetic, 
from  two  to  four  grains ;  as  an  expectorant,  from 
Jth  to  ^  grain.  In  the  proportion  of  one  drachm 
to  32  ounces  of  water,  it  has  been  used  as  an  an- 
tiseptic wash — called  by  Jacobson,  Liquor  con- 
serva'trix. 

Potass^  Citras,  Citrate  of  potassa.  {Acid, 
citric,  ^x.  Potass,  bicarb,  ^xiv,  Aq.  q.  s.  Dis- 
solve the  acid  in  the  water;  and  after  efferves- 
cence has  ceased,  strain  and  evaporate  to  dryness. 
The  salt  is  deliquescent,  and  must  be  kept  in 
well-stopped  bottles.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  possesses 
the  refrigerant  properties  of  the  neutral  salts, 
and  may  be  given  in  fever,  when  to  do  little  or 
nothing  is  the  most  advisable  course.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  ,!^ss. 

Potassae  et  Ferri  Tartras,  Ferri  tartariza- 
tum—  p.  Hydras,  Potassa  fusa. 

PotASStE  HydRI'ODAS,  PotasscB  Protohydri'o- 
das,  Potas'sii  protox'idi  hydri'odas,  Kali  Hydri- 
odin'icum  seu  Hydriod'icum,  Hydriodas  Ka'licns, 
Hydri'odate  of  potass,  (F.)  Hydriodate  de  potasse. 
If  a  solution  of  potass  be  poured  on  iodine,  an 
iodate  and  hydriodate  are  formed.  These  may 
be  separated  by  means  of  alcohol,  which  only 
dissolves  the  latter  of  these  salts.  The  hydrio- 
date, or  rather  the  I'odide  of  Potas'sinm,  Kaliiim 
loda'tum,  Potassii  lodure'tum  seu  lo'didum,  (F.) 
Lidure  de  potassium,  may  be  obtained  by  evapo- 
ration. When  the  Iodide  of  potassium  is  dis- 
solved in  water,  it  becomes  the  Hydriodate  of 
Potassa.  The  following  is  the  formula  in  the 
Ph.  U.  S.  Potass.  %y'y,  lodin.  in  pulv.  ,^xvj; 
Carbon,  ligni  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  ^ij  :  Aq.  hullient. 
Oiij.  Dissolve  the  potassa  in  the  water:  add  the 
iodine  gradually,  stirring  until  the  solution  be- 
comes colourless,  and  continue  the  additions  until 
the  liquid  remains  slightly  coloured  from  excess 
of  iodine.  Evaporate  to  dryness,  stirring  in  the 
charcoal  towards  the  close.  Rub  to  powder,  and 
heat  to  dull  redness  in  an  iron  crucible,  keeping 
up  the  temperature  for  15  minutes.  When  co(d, 
dissolve  out  the  saline  matter  with  pure  water, 
filter  the  solution,  evaporate  and  set  nside  to 
crj'stallize.  By  evaporating  and  crystallizing  as 
before,  an  additional  quantity  of  crystals  may  be 
obtained.     Virtues,  —  those  of  iodine. 

Potass^  Mu'rias,  Sal  Digesti'vns  seu  felrif- 
tigiis  Syl'vii,  Spir'itus  salis  mari'ni  coagnla'tus, 
dfiiriate  of  Potass.     Bitter  and  refrigerant. 

PoTASSvE  Mu'rias  Hyperoxygena'tus,  Po- 
tassas  Chloras  seu  oxymu'rias,  O-rymu'riate,  Hy- 
pcroxymu'riate.  Chlorate  or  Euchlo'rate  of  potass. 


POTASS.E 


750 


rOTASSE 


Protochlo'rate  of  potas'sinm,  Alcali  vegetah'ile 
sali'to-dephlogistica'tum,  Chlortire'tum  pofas'sw 
oxyda'liim,  Haloi'dum  oxygena'tum,  Oxyge'no- 
Chlorure'tum  2}ota8'sii,  Kali  chlo'ricum,  Chloras 
Ka'licus  depura'tus,  (F.)  Chlorate  de  potasse.  It 
has  been  regarded  as  antineuropathic,  and  as  an 
alterative  purifier  of  the  blood  and  humours.  It 
is  of  doubtful  efficacy.  Dose,  3  to  6  grains  or  more. 

Potass^  Nitras,  Nitrate  of  Potass,  Nitrum, 
N.  prisniat'icnm,  Sal  nitrum,  Nitre,  Saltpetre,  Sal 
petr<B,  Salse'do  mncriim,  Sanguin' ea,  Berenic"iHm, 
JJcdiiii'trum,  Protoni'trate  of  Potas'sinm,  Nitrate 
of  protox'ide  of  Potassium,  Kali  ni'tricum,  Ni- 
tras Jca'licus  seu  lixiv'ice,  Az'otas  p>otas'sicus,  (F.) 
Nitrate  ou  Azotate  de  potasse.  Obtained  from  the 
putrefaction  of  animal  matters,  in  contact  with 
calcareous  or  alkaline  earths,  by  elixiviation ; 
adding,  if  necessary,  wood-ashes  to  supply  the 
alkaline  basis.  It  is  formed,  in  an  impure  state, 
by  nature,  in  warm  climates. 

It  is  diuretic  and  refrigerant,  and,  in  large 
doses,  purgative  J  externally,  cooling  and  deter- 
gent. Dose,  gr.  x  to  3J-  Iq  large  doses  it  is 
an  acrid  poison. 

Potass^  Nitras  Fusus  Sulpha'tis  Paucil'lo 
MlXTUS,  Sal  prunel'lce,  Crystal'lus  miuera'lis, 
Nitras  potas' sap.  cum  sul'phure  fusus,  Nitrum  tabu- 
la'turn,  Lapis  Prunel'lce,  Anod'yuum  minera'le, 
Sore-throat  salt,  llin'eral  crystal.  Nitrate  of 
potass,  mixed  with  a  little  sulphate  of  potass  and 
run  into  moulds.    Its  properties  are  those  of  nitre. 

PotasSjE  Ox'alas,  Ox'alas  Acid'ulum  Potas'- 
scB  seu  Potas'scB  acid'ulus  seu  ha'sicus,  Superox'- 
nlas  ka'liciim  seu  Potassts,  Hyperoxalas  Potasses, 
Sal  Acetosel'las,  Oxa'lium,  Kali  oxal'ieum  acid'u- 
lum, Ox'alas  subpotas'sicus,  Superox'alate  of  Pro- 
tox'ide of  Potas' si um.  Oxalate  of  Potass,  Salt  of 
Sorrel,  (F.)  Set  d'oseille,  Sel  d  detacher.  Pre- 
pared from  the  juice  of  wood  sorrel.  It  is  re- 
frigerant, and  is  used  to  make  lemonade,  <fec. 

Potass^  Oxalas  Acidulum,  Potass,  oxalate 
of — p.  Oxymurias,  P.  murias  hyperoxj'genatus. 

Potass^  Perman'ganas,  Perman'ganate  of 
potas'sa,  Hyperman' ganate  of  potassa,  has  been 
given  in  cases  of  diabetes.  Dose,  from  gr.  ij  to 
gr.  V,  three  times  a  day.  It  has  been  prescribed, 
also,  in  obstinate  dyspepsia. 

PotasSjE  Protohvdriodas,  P.  hydriodas — p. 
Purse  fusse  hydras,  Potassa  fusa  —  p.  et  Sodee 
tartras,  Soda,  tartrate  of. 

PotasSjE  Subcar'bonas,  p.  Car'bonas  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  P.  carbonas  e  Lixi'vo  Cin'ere,  Subcar'bo- 
nas  Kali,  Car'bonas  Potasses,  Kali  praspara' turn, 
Sal  Herba'rum  seu  Planta'rum  seu  Tar'tari  seu 
Absin'thii,  Calca'reons  Tartar,  Subcarboiiate  or 
Mephite  of  Potass,  &c.  (See  Potash.)  A  filtered 
solution  of  the  imprtre  snbcarbonate,  Potas'sw 
car'bonas  impu'rus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Pearl-ash  (see 
Potash),  evaporated  to  dryness.  This  deliques- 
cent salt  is  given  in  the  same  cases  as  the  potassse 
carbonas,  than  which  it  is  more  caustic  and  dis- 
agreeable. 

The  Parisian  oodex  has  a  Subcar'bonas Potas' scb 
ex  tar'taro  eombus'to,  vulgo  Sal  Tartari  or  Salt  of 
Tartar  —  (it  is  the  Potasses  carbonas  purus.  Pure 
Carbonate  of  Potassa,  Ph.  U.  S.);  a  Subcarbonas 
Potasses  ex  deflagran'tibus  simul  tar'trate  acid'ulo 
et  Nitrate  Potasses  paratus,  vulgo  Nitrttm  ex  tar- 
taro  fixum  ;  and  a  Subcarbo7ias  potasses  ex  deflu- 
gran'te  cum  Carbon'ibus  Nitra'te  Potasses  para- 
tus, vulgo  Nitrum  fixum.  They  are  all  used  like 
the  preceding. 

Potass^  Subcarbonas  Impdrcs,  Potash  of 
commerce. 

PoTASSJE  Sulphas,  Kali  vitriola'tum  seu  sul- 
phu'ricum,  Sulphas  Kali  Lixiv'ia  vitriola'ia,  Ni- 
trum vitriolatum  Schroederi,  Sal  Sapien'tias  seu 
Tar'tari  Sulphura'tum  seu  Polyehfes'tus,  Specif - 
icum    Paracel'si,    Spi'ritus    vitrioli    coagida'tus 


Mynsichti,  Al'kali  vegeta'bile  vitriolatum,  Sal  de 
duohus,  Arca'num  duplica'tum,  Tar'tarum  vitrio- 
latum, Panace'a  Ducis  Holsa'ties  seu  duplica'ta, 
Sulpjhate  of  Potass,  Protosulph'ate  of  Potas'- 
sium,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  potasse.  (The  salt,  that  re- 
mains after  the  distillation  of  nitric  acid,  dis- 
solved; the  excess  of  acid  saturated  with  subcar- 
bonate  of  potass  and  crystallized.)  Purgative 
and  diuretic.  Dose,  ^S9  to  ^j  as  a  laxative.  In 
a  large  dose  it  has  proved  an  irritant  poison. 

Potass^  Sulphas  cum  Sul'phure,  Sal  Poly- 
chres'tus  Glase'ri,  Lixiv'ia  Vitriola' ta  Sulphu'rea. 
(Formed  by  deflagrating  nitrate  of  potass  with 
sublimed  sulphur.)  Same  virtues  as  the  last. 
Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx. 

PotassjE  SuLPHURETujr,  Potassii  sulphuretum 

—  p.  Superoxalas,  Potassae  oxalas. 

Potass^  Supersul'phas,  P.  Bisidphas,  Sal 
enix'utn  sen  febrif'ugus  of  Lem'ery,  Supersulphate 
of  Potass,  Acid  Sulphate  or  Bisulphate  of  Potass, 
Super-protosuli^hate  of  Potas' sium,  (F.)  Bisulfate 
de  Potasse.  (The  salt  remaining  after  the  distil- 
lation of  nitric  acid,  dissolved,  strained,  and 
crystallized.)  It  is  refrigerant  and  purgative. 
Dose,  ^ss  to  Jij. 

Potass^  Supertar'tras  Impu'rus,  Tar'tarua 
crudus,  Tar'tarum,  Lapis  vini,  Ifagneti'nus,  Pe- 
dagra,  Tartar,  (F.)  Tartre  cru  OU  brut.  It  is 
called,  also,  Tartarum  rubrum  and  Red  Argol, 
when  obtained  from  red  wines  j  Tartarum  album 
or  White  Argol,  when  from  white  wines.  Tartar 
is  the  saline  deposit  from  wines  as  they  become 
aged;  which  attaches  itself  to  the  sides  of  the 
casks  and  bottles  in  which  they  are  kept.  It 
consists  of  a  considerable  quantity  of  acidulous 
tartrate  of  potass,  tartrate  of  lime,  silica,  alumen, 
oxyd  of  Iron,  manganese,  and  a  red  colouring 
matter,  if  the  wine  be  red.  It  is  chiefly  used  for 
the  preparation  of  cream  of  tartar. 

Potass^  Supertar'tras,  P.  hyperfar'traa,  P. 
Bitar'tras  (Ph.  U.  S.)  SOU  tartras  ac"ida,  Urys- 
tal'li  Tar'tari,  Tartras  Acid'ulus  Potasses  purus, 
T.  superpotas' sieus,  T.  subpotas' sicus,  Supertar'- 
trate  of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sinm,  Bitartrate  or  Su- 
pertartrate  of  Potass,  Crystals  of  Tartar,  Cremor 
Tar'tari,  Cream  of  Tartar  (when,  in  powder), 
Supertar'trate  of  Potass,  (F.)  Tartrate  acide  de 
potasse,  Crime  de  Tartre.  (The  tartar  of  wine 
purified.)  It  requires  60  parts  of  water  at  60° 
to  dissolve  it.  It  is  mildly  purgative,  refrigerant 
and  diuretic.  Dissolved  in  water,  with  a  small 
quantity  of  white  wine,  some  sugar  and  lemon- 
peel,  it  forms  an  agreeable  beverage  in  febrile 
diseases,  under  the  name  of  Imperial.  Dose,  as 
a  diuretic,  ^j  to  J'j  ;  as  a  purgative,  ^ss  to  ^j. 

Potass^  Tartras,  Kali  tartariza'tum,  Al'cali 
Jixum  tartarisattim,  Tar'tarum  solu'bile,  Tartarus 
tartariza'tus,  Lixiv'ia  Tartarisa'ta,  Sal  Pan- 
chres'tum,  Tartras  Kali'nus  seu  lixiv'ics,  Sal  vege- 
tab'ilis.  Alkali  vegetab'ile  tartarizatum,  Tartrate 
of  Potass.  Soluble  Tartar,  (F.)  Tartrate  de  Po- 
tasse. (Potasses  carbon.  §xvj  ;  Potassa  Bitar- 
trat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  tbiij,  vel  q.  s.,  aquos  bulli- 
entis,  cong.  Dissolve  the  carbonate  of  potassa  in 
the  water,  add  the  bitartrate  to  saturation,  and 
boil ;  filter,  evaporate  till  a  pellicle  forms,  and 
set  aside  to  crystallize.  Pour  oflF  the  liquid  ;  dry 
the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper,  and  keep  in 
closely-stopped  bottles.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  saline 
cathartic  in  the  dose  of  l^'j  to  §j. 

Potass^  Tartras  Acida,  P.  supertartras — p. 
Tartras  acidulus  purus,  P.  supertartras  —  p.  Tar- 
tras stibialis  seu  stibiosus,  Antimonium  tartariza- 
tum. 

POTASSE,  ACETATE  DE,  Potassje  acetas 

—  p.  Bisidphate  de,  Potassss  supersulphas — p. 
Caustique,  Potassa  fusa — p.  d,  la  Chaux,  Potassa 
cum  calce — p>.  Chlorate  de,  Potassae  murias  hy- 
peroxygenatus — p.  Hydriodate  de,  Potassae  hy- 


POTASSII  BROMIDUM 


751        POTERIUM   SANGUISORBA 


driodas — p.  Liquide,  Liquor  potassas — p.  Nitrate 
de,  Potassse  nitras  — p.  Preparee  avec  la  chaux, 
Potassa  cum  calee — p.  et  de  Sonde,  tartrate  de, 
Soda,  tartrate  of — p.  Sid/ate  de,  Potassae  sulphas 
— p.  Std/ure  de,  Potassii  sulphuretum  — p.  Tar- 
trate de,  Potassse  tartras  — p.  Tartrate  acide  de, 
Potassse  supertartras. 

POTAS'SII  BRO'MIDUM,  Potas'scB  hydro- 
bro'mas,  Bromide  of  potassium,  (P.)  Bromure  de 
Potassium.  {Bromin,  ,^ij;  Ferrifili,"^]  ;  Potass, 
carbon.  §ij  and  ^j,  vel  q.  s. ;  Aq.  destillat.,  Oiv. 
Add  the  iron  filings  and  bromine  to  a  pint  and  a 
half  of  the  water;  stirring  for  half  an  hour.  Ap- 
ply a  gentle  heat,  and  when  the  liquor  assumes 
a  greenish  colour,  add  gradually  the  carbonate  of 
potassa,  dissolved  in  Oiss  of  the  water,  until  it 
ceases  to  cause  a  precipitate.  Continue  the  heat 
for  half  an  hour,  and  filter.  Wash  the  precipitate 
with  the  remaining  water,  boiling  hot,  and  filter. 
Mix  the  liquors  and  crystallize  by  evaporation. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Virtues  :  —  those  of  iodide  of  iron. 

Potassii  Cyanidum,  P.  Cyanuretum. 

Potassii  Cyanure'tum,  P.  Cyan'idum,  Cya- 
nuret  of  Potassium,  Hydrocy'anate  of  Potassa. 
(Potassii  Ferrocyanur.,  iu  pulv.  ^viij  ;  Potass. 
Carhonat.  exsiccat.,  3iij.  Mix  intimately  and 
throw  into  a  deep  iron  crucible,  heated  to  red- 
ness ;  keep  up  the  heat  till  efi"ervescence  ceases, 
and  the  fused  mass  concretes,  of  a  pure  white 
colour,  upon  a  warm  glass  rod  dipped  into  it; 
then  pour  out  the  liquid  carefully  into  a  shallow 
dish  to  solidify,  stopping  before  the  salt  becomes 
contaminated  with  the  precipitated  iron.  Break 
up  the  mass  whilst  warm,  and  preserve  in  well- 
stopped  bottles. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  hydrocyanic  acid.  Dose,  a  quarter 
of  a  grain. 

Potassii  Deuto-carbonas,  Potassse  carbonas. 

Potassii  Ferrocyanuee'tum,  P.  Ferrocyan'- 
idum,  Ferrocy'anide  or  Ferrocyan'uret  of  Potas- 
sium, Ferrocy'anate  or  Ferroprussiafe  or  Prussi- 
ate  of  Potassa,  (F.)  Protocyanure  jatine  de  fer  et 
de  potassium,  Cyanure  de  fer  et  de  potassium.  The 
yellow  double  cyanuret  of  potassium  and  iron, 
the  salt  from  which  the  cyanuret  of  potassium  is 
obtained  by  calcination.  It  is  not  much  used  in 
medicine.  It  has  been  advised  as  an  astringent 
in  the  colliquative  sweats  of  phthisis,  in  leucor- 
rho3a,  &c. :  but  it  does  not  seem  to  be  possessed 
of  much  activity.  Dose,  10  or  15  grains  every 
four  or  five  hours. 

Potassii  Hydrar'gyro-iod'idum,  Potassa  To- 
dohydrar' gyras, Hydrargyrum  biiodatumeum  kalio 
iodato,  Kalium  iodatum  hydrargyratum,  lodhy- 
drar'gyrate  or  Hydrargyro-iodide  of  Potassium. 
This  salt  is  made  by  the  combination  of  iodide 
of  potassium  with  red  iodide  of  mercury.  Its 
properties  are  similar  to  those  of  the  iodides  of 
mercury,  but  in  a  less  degree. 

Potassii  Iodidum,  Potassaa  hydriodas  —  p.  lo- 
duretum,  Potassae  hydriodas  —  p.  Oxygeno-chlo- 
ruretum,  Potassae  murias  hyperoxygenatus  —  p. 
Protoxidi  hydriodas,  Potassas  hydriodas. 

Potassii  Sulpho-cyandre'tum,  Sulpho-cyan'- 
uret  of  Potas'sium.  This  salt  has  been  prepared 
as  a  substitute  for  hydrocyanic  acid,  and  cyanu- 
ret of  potassium,  on  the  ground  of  its  possessing 
their  advantages  without  their  inconveniences. 

Potassii  Sulphure'tum,  Potas'sa  Sulphzire'- 
turn  seu  tersulphure'tmn.  Kali  sulphuretum,  Hepar 
Sulph'uris,  H.  sulphuris  sali'num  seu  sulph'uris 
vulga're,  Suljohure'tum  lixiv'im  seu  ka'Ucum, 
Liver  of  Sulphur,  Sulphuret  of  Potass,  (F.)  Sul- 
fure  de  potasse,  Sulfure  de  potassium  sulfate, 
Foie  de  Soufre.  {Sulphur,  ^j,  Potasses  earb.  ,^ij. 
Rub  them  together,  and  place  the  mixture  in  a 
covered  crucible  upon  the  fire  until  they  unite. 
It  has  been  employed  in  affections  of  the  chest, 
as  an  expectorant,  in  the  dose  of  from  Jss  to  3j, 


largely  diluted :  but  it  is  chiefly  used  as  a  bath 
or  wash  in  cases  of  itch,  tinea  capitis,  and  other 
cutaneous  affections.) 

Potassii  Tersulphuretcm,  Potassii  sulphu- 
retum. 

POTASSIUM.  Same  etymon  as  potash.  The 
metallic  base  of  potassa. 

P0TASSIU3I,  BROMURE  DE,  see  Bromine 
— p.  Cyanuret  of,  Potassii  cyanuretum — p.  Ferro- 
cyanide  of,  Potassii  ferrocyanuretum  —  p.  Ferro- 
cyanuret  of,  Potassii  ferrocyanuretum — p.  Iodide 
of,  Potassae  hydriodas  —  p.  lodohydrargyrate  of, 
Potassii  hydrargyro-iodidum — p.  lodure  de,  Po- 
tassae hydriodas— p.  Oxide  of.  Potass  —  p.  Proto- 
arsenite  of,  Arsenite  of  protoxide  of  potassium — p. 
Protochlorate  of,  Potassae  murias  hyperoxygena- 
tus—  p.  Protonitrate  of,  Potassae  nitras  —  p.  Pro- 
toxide of.  Potass — p.  Protoxide  of,  nitrate  of,  Po- 
tassas nitras  —  p.  Protoxide  of,  superoxalate  of, 
Potass,  oxalate  of — p.  Protoxide  of,  supertartrate 
of,  Potassas  supertartras  —  p.  Protosulphate  of, 
Potassae  sulphas — p.  Sulfure  de,  sulfatS,  Potassii 
sulphuretum  —  p.  Sulphuret  of,  Potassii  sulphu- 
retum— p.  Superprotosulphate  of,  Potassa;  super- 
sulphas. 

POTATO,  Solanura  tuberosum. 

Potato  Fly,  Lytta  vittata. 

Potato,  Hog,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

Potato  Oil,  Oil,  fusel.  By  distilling  potato  oil 
with  anhydrous  phosphoric  acid,  a  volatile  color- 
less oily  liquid  is  procured,  which  is  lighter  than 
water,  and  boils  at  102°.  This  is  Am'ylene  oi 
Am'ylen,  (F.)  Amylene.  It  is  best  prepared  from 
fusel  oil  by  the  action  of  chloride  of  zinc.  The 
vapour  has  been  employed  as  an  anesthetic. 

Potato,  Spanish,  Convolvulus  batatas  —  p 
Sweet,  Convolvulus  batatas. 

Potato  Vine,  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

Potato,  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

POTBELLY,  Physconia. 

POTECARY,  Apothecary. 

POTELEE,  Hyoscyamus. 

POTENTIA,  Force." 

Poten'tia  seu  Potes'tas  Coeun'di,  Capability 
of  copulation. 

PoTENTiA  Generan'di.  The  power  of  procre- 
ation. 

Potentia  Irritans,  Stimulus. 

POTEN'TIAL,  Potentia' lis,  (F.)  Potevtiel  ; 
frova  potens,'a.h\e.'  An  epithet  for  remedies  which, 
although  energetic,  do  not  act  till  sometime  after 
their  application.  The  caustic  alkalies,  for  in- 
stance, are  called  Potential  cauteries  in  contradis- 
tinction to  the  hot  iron,  which  is  termed  actual. 

POTENTILLA,  P.  reptans. 

Potentil'la  Anseri'na,  P.  argenti'na  seu  im- 
pio'lita  seu  neglee'ta,  Argenti'na  vulgn'ris,  Fra- 
ga'ria  anseri'na,  Ar'gentine,  Chenobos'con,  Ar- 
genta'ria,  Anseri'na,  Silver  Weed,  Wild  Tansy, 
ihiorgrass,  (F.)  Argentine,  Potentille,  Herbe  aux 
oies.  Urd.  Rosaceae.  The  leaves  are  mildly 
astringent  and  tonic. 

Potentilla  Argentina,  P.  anserina  —  p.  Im- 
polita,  P.  anserina  —  p.  Neglecta,  P.  anserina. 

Potentilla  Norveg"ica,  Norway  Cinque-foil, 
an  indigenous  plant,  is  possessed  of  similar  pro- 
perties. 

Potentilla  Palustris,  Comarum  palustre. 

Potentil'la  Reptans,  PentaphyVlum,  Fraga'- 
ria  pentaphyl'lum,  Potentil'la,  Quinquefo'lium, 
Q.  majus,  Common  cinquefoil,  (F.)  Potentille  ram- 
pante,  Quintefeuille.  The  roots  are  possessed  of 
astringent  properties. 

Potentilla  Tormentilla,  Tormentilla. 

POTENTILLE,  Potentilla  anserina— p.  Ram 
pante,  Potentilla  reptans. 

POTENTIZING,  see  Dynamic. 

POTERIUM  SANGUISORBA,  Pimpinella 
saxifraga. 


POTESTAS   COEUNDI 


752 


FOULS 


POTESTAS  COEUNDI,  Potentia  coeundi— p. 
Generandi,  Potentia  generandi. 
POTEX,  Anus. 

POTHOMOR'PHA  PELTA'TA,  Poihomor'phe 
pelta'ta,  (pothos,  anQ\  ixopifiTj,  'shape,')  Caapeba[?]. 
A  Brazilian  plant.  Order,  PiperaceiB,  which  is 
possessed  of  diuretic  properties,  and  has  been 
given  in  strangury. 

PoTHOMORPHA  Umbella'ta,  also  called  Caa- 
peba  [?],  is  used  in  Brazil  to  modify  nutrition,  as 
in  glandular  affections,  in  which  it  is  also  given 
externally  in  the  form  of  decoction. 

POTHOS  FCETIDA,  Dracontium  foetidum— p. 
Putorii,  Dracontium  foetidum. 
POTIMOS,  Potable. 

POTIO,  Drink,  Haustus,  Potion  —  p.  Calcis 
carbonatis,  Mistura  cretae  —  p.  EfFervescens  anti- 
emetica.  Potion  of  Riverius  —  p.  Leniens,  Looch 
ex  ovo  —  p.  Oleosa,  Looch  es  ovo  —  p.  Picea,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris. 

POTION  (P.),  Potio;  from  poto,  'I  drink.' 
HydroU,  Hydrolite.  A  liquid  medicine,  from  4 
to  8  ounces  or  more  in  quantity,  the  composition 
of  which  varies,  and  which  is  administered  in  di- 
vided doses.  It  corresponds  to  the  English  mix- 
tare.     See  Mistura. 

POTION  PECTORALE,  Looch  ex  ovo. 
Potion  op  Rive'rius.  A  mixture  of  Lemon 
Juice  and  Siibcarbonate  of  Potass,  —  generally 
given  in  a  state  of  effervescence.  It  is  the  Potio 
efferves'cens  anti-emet'ica  dicta  Rive'rii,  of  the 
Parisian  codex.  The  name  in  the  codex  indi- 
cntcs  its  US6. 

POTIONIS  DESIDERIUM,  Thirst. 
POT  IRON  Cucurbita  pepo. 
POTIUNCULA,  Haustus. 
POTOPARAN(EA,  Delirium  tremens. 
POTOS,  Potable. 

POTOTROMOPARANCEA,  Delirium  tremens. 
POTTINGAR,  Apothecary. 
POTT'S  CURVATURE,  Vertebral  disease. 
POTT'S  DISEASE,  Vertebral  disease. 
POTUS,  Drink  —  p.  Hip[iocraticus,  Claret. 
POU,  Pediculus. 
POUCE,  PoUex,  see  Digitus. 
POUCHED,  Encysted. 

POUCHES,  LARYNGEAL,  see  Laryngeal 
pouches. 

POUDRE,  Powder,  Putvis — p.  Absorbante  et 
anti-acide,  Pulvis  de  magnesia  compositus — p. 
d'Alun  comjiosee,  Pulvis  sulphatis  aluminae  com- 
positus —  p.  Antiarthritiqne  amere,  Pulvis  de 
amaris  compositus — p.  Antiasthmatiqne,  Pulvis 
de  sulphure  et  scilla — p.  Antimoniale  composee  ou 
de  James,  Antimonial  powder  —  p.  Aromatique, 
Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus — p.  d'Asarum  com- 
piosee  dite  sternufatoire,  Pulvis  asari  compositus 
—  p.  Bahamique,  Pulvis  myrrhaa  compositus — p. 
de  Birckmann,  Pulvis  de  aro  compositus  — p.  de 
Blanchement,  Calcis  chloridum — p.  de  Cannelle 
composee  ou  aromatique,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  com- 
positus— p.  Castillon,  see  Powders,  Castillon — p, 
Cathartique,  Pulvis  scammoneee  compositus — p. 
Gnustique  dii  frere  Cosme,  Powder,  arsenical,  of 
Come — p.  de  Chypre,  see  Cladonia  rangiferrina — 
p.  du  Comte  de  Palme,  Magnesia  carbonas  — p. 
Cornachine,  Pulvis  cornachini  — p.  de  Come  bru- 
lee  avec  opium,  Pulvis  cornu  usti  cum  opio — p. 
Colon,  see  Collodion — p.  de  Craie  composee,  Pul- 
A'is  crettB  compositus — p.  de  Craie  composee  avec 
opium,  see  Pulvis  cretse  compositus  cum  opio — p. 
de  Dower,  Pulvis  ipecacuanha?  compositus — p.  du 
Due  de  Portland,  Pulvis  Ducis  Portlandiae — p. 
de  Dupuytren,  Powder  of  Dupuytren  — p.  Gazi- 
fere  laxative,  Powders,  Seidlitz — p.  Gazifire 
simple.  Powders,  soda — p.  de  Gomme  adragant 
composee,  Pulvis  tragaeanthEe  compositus  —  p.  de 
Gomme  gutle,  Pulvis  e  guinmi  gutta — p.  Hydra- 
gogue,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta — 2'-  Incisive,  Pulvis 


de  sulphure  et  scilla — p.  d' Ipecacuanha  et  opium, 
Pulvis  ipecacuanhse  compositus — p.  de  Jalap 
composee,  Pulvis  jalapse  compositus — p.  de  Kino 
composee,  Pulvis  kino  compositus — p.  de  la  Mi- 
randole,  Pulvis  Ducis  Portlandiae — p.  de  Perard, 
Pulvis  de  senna,  scammonea  et  lignis — p.  de 
Quercetanus,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta — p.  de  Rous- 
selot.  Powder,  arsenical,  of  Come — p.  de  Saint 
Ange,  Pulvis  asari  compositus — p.  de  Savon  vege- 
tale,  Pulvis  gummosus  alkalinus — p.  de  Scammo- 
nee  composee,  Pulvis  seammonese  compositus — p, 
de  Sedlitz,  Powders,  Seidlitz  —  p.  de  Sine  compo- 
see, Pulvis  sennfe  comp. — p.  de  Sentinelli,  Mag- 
nesia carbonas — p.  Styptique,  Pulvis  sulphatis 
aluminse  compositus. 

POUDRE  SUBTIL  BE  DEL  CROIX.  A 
fashionable  depilatory  "  for  removing  superfluous 
hair  in  less  than  ten  minutes."  It  is  said  to  con- 
sist of  Quicklime  and  Sulphuret  of  Arsenic,  with 
some  vegetable  powder. —  Paris. 

POUDRE  TEMPERANTE  BE  STAHL, 
Pulvis  de  sulphate  potassaj  compositus — pi.  de 
Tennant,  Calcis  chloridum — p.  de  Vcdenfini,  Mag- 
nesise  carbonas — p.  Vermifuge  7nercurielle,  Pulvis 
e  sulphureto  hydrargyro  nigro  et  scammonio — p. 
Vermifuge  sans  viercure,  Pulvis  ex  helminthocorto 
compositus. 

POUDRE  BE  Z WINGER,  Magnesise  car- 
bonas. 

POUGUES,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF.  These 
alkaline  waters  are  in  the  department  of  Nievre, 
France.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonates 
of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia;  chloride  of  sodium  ; 
alumina,  and  silica,  with  protoxide  of  iron. 
POUKE,  Papula. 
POU  LAIN,  Bubo. 

POULET,  VIN  BE  (F.)  Pidlet  Wine.  A 
disgusting  preparation,  made  by  infusing  the  ex- 
crement of  the  pullet  in  white  wine.  According 
to  Nysten,  it  is  employed  by  the  vulgar  in  France 
in  a  number  of  diseases,  and  especially  in  falls, 
contusions,  Ac. 

POULIOT,  Mentha  pulegium. 
POULS,  Pulse— p.  Abdominal,  Pulsus  inferior 
— p.  des  Adidtes,  Pulse,  natural — p.  Agile,  Pulsus 
fortis — J).  Bas,  Pulse,  low — p.  Capital,  Pulse, 
nasal — p.  Combine,  Pulse,  complex — p.Complique, 
Pulse,  complex — p.  Compose,  Pulse,  complex — p. 
Concentre,  Pulse,  contracted — p.  Befaillant,  Pul- 
sus deficiens — p.  Beprime,  Pulse,  depressed — p. 
BevelopiJe,  Pulse,  developed  —  p.  de  la  Diarrhee, 
Pulse,  intestinal — p.  Bur,  Pulse,  hard— />.  Eleve, 
Pulse,  ardent  —  p.  Embarrasse,  Pulsus  intricatus 
— p.  de  I'Estomac,  Pulse,  stomachal — p.  Etroit, 
Pulsus  strictus — p.  de  I' Expectoration,  Pulse, 
pectoral — p.  Faihle,  Pulse,  feeble — p.  du  Foie, 
Pulse,  hepatic — p.  Grand,  Pulse,  large — p.  Insen~ 
sible.  Pulsus  deficiens — p.  Intereadent,  Pulse,  in- 
termittent— p.  des  Intestins,  Pulse,  intestinal — p. 
Languissant,  Pulse,  languid — p.  Lent,  Pulse,  slow 
—  p.  de  la  Matrice,  Pulsus  uterinus — p,  Moderi, 
Pulse,  natural — p.  Mou,  Pulse,  soft — p.  de  Nez, 
Pulse,  nasal  —  p.  Ondoyant,  Pulse,  undulating  — 
p.  Ondulant,  Pulse,  undulating  —  p.  Palpitant, 
Pulse,  tremulous — p.  Parfait,  Pulse,  natural — p. 
Petit,  Pulse,  small — p.  Plein,  Pulse,  full — p. 
Precipite,  Pulse,  frequent — p.  Profond,  Pulse, 
deep — ]}.  Prompt,  Pulse,  sharp  —  p.  Rare,  Pulse, 
slow  —  p.  Rebondissant,  Pulsus  dicrotus — p.  Re- 
double, Pulsus  dicrotus — p.  des  Regies,  Pulsus 
uterinus — p.  Roide,  Pulse,  tense — p.  Serratile, 
Pulsus  serrinus — p.  Serri,  Pulse,  contracted — p. 
de  la  Sueur,  Pulsus  sudoralis — p.  Tardif,  Pulse, 
slow — p.  Tendu,  Pulse,  tense — p.  Tremblant, 
Pulse,  tremulous — p.  de  I' Urine,  Pulsus  urinalis 
— p.  Vehement,  Pulsus  fortis — p.  Ventral,  Pulsus 
inferior — p.  Vide,  Pulsus  vacuus — p.  Vif,  Pulse, 
sharp  — ^3.  Vite,  Pulse,  sharp. 


POULTICE 


753 


POX 


POULTICE,  Cataplasm.  For  different  poul- 
tices, see  Cataplasm  and  Cataplasma. 

POUNCE,  Sandarac. 

POUND,  Libra,  Litra,  >.tTpa,  Pondo,  Ba- 
fje'dia  (of  twelve  oz.),  Barda'dia,  (F.)  Livre, 
from  pondere,  'to  weigh.'  A  weight,  consisting 
of  twelve  ounces  Troy, — sixteen  ounces  avoirdu- 
pois.    See  Weights  and  Measures. 

POURD-MILK,  Colostrum. 

POURPIER  CULTIVE,  Portulaca. 

POURPRE,  Purpura— j9.  Blanc,  Miliary  fe- 
ver—  p.  de  Cassius,  Purple  of  Cassius. 

POURRITURE,  Putrefaction—^.  d'Hopital, 
Hospital  gangrene. 

POUS,  Pes. 

POUSSE,  Pursiness. 

POUSSE E,  Lichen. 

POUSSIERE  TUBERCULEUSE (Y.),  'Tu- 
berculous Dust.'  A  name  given  by  MM.  Rilliet 
and  Barthez  to  fine  white  or  yellow  minute  points 
of  tuberculous  matter  occurring  in  myriads,  so  as 
to  be  likened  to  dust. 

POUSSIF,  see  Pursiness. 

POW,  Head. 

POWDER,  Pulvis. 

Powder  op  ^thio'pia,  Guy's.  A  once  cele- 
brated anthelmintic,  which  consisted  of  pure 
rasped  tin,  mercury,  and  sulphur,  triturated  to- 
gether. 

Powder  op  Aloes,  Compound,  Pulvis  aloes 
compositus,  Pulvis  sulphatis  alumina  compositus 
—  p.  of  Aloes  with  canella,  Pulvis  aloes  cum  ca- 
nella  —  p.  Alum,  compound,  Pulvis  sulphatis 
alumina  compositus — p.  Antimonial,  Chenevix's, 
Antimonial  powder  —  p.  Aromatic,  Pulvis  cinna- 
momi  compositus. 

Powder,  Arsen'ical,  of  Come,  Come's  powder, 
(F.)  Poudre  caustique  dufrere  Cosme  ou  de  Rons- 
selot  —  a  caustic  —  is  formed  of  arsenious  acid,  gr. 
x;  red  snlphttret  of  mercury,  gr.  xl ;  powdered 
animal  charcoal,  gr.  x.  It  is  made  into  a  paste 
with  mucilage. 

Powder,  Arsen'ical,  of  Justamond,  is  made 
by  melting  snlphuret  of  antimony  16  parts; 
arsenious  acid  \  part,  in  a  crucible.  When  the 
mass  is  cold  it  must  be  reduced  to  powder,  and 
five  parts  of  extract  of  opium  be  added. 

Powder  op  Arum,  compound,  Pulvis  de  aro 
compositus — p.  of  Asarabacca,  compound,  Pulvis 
asari  compositus — p.  of  Bladder-wrack,  yellow, 
Pulvis  querciis  marinse — p.  Bleaching,  Calcis 
chloridum — p.  Camboge,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta — 
p.  Cardinal  del  Lugo's,  Cinchona  —  p.  Castillon, 
see  Powders,  Castillon — p.  of  Catechu,  compound, 
Pulvis  Catechu  compositus — p.  of  Chalk,  com- 
pound, Pulvis  cretse  compositus  —  p.  of  Chalk 
with  opium,  compound,  Pulvis  cretaB  compositus 
cum  'Dpio— p.  of  Cinnamon,  compound,  Pulvis 
cinnamomi  compositus  —  p.  Come's,  Powder  arse- 
nical of  Come  —  p.  of  Contrayerva,  compound, 
Pulvis  contrayervas  compositus  —  p.  Countess's, 
Cinchona — p.  Countess  of  Kent's,  Cantianus  pul- 
vis—  p.  Cyprus,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus  —  p.  Do- 
ver's, Pulvis  ipocacuanhae  compositus. 

Powder  op  Dupuytren  (Caustic;)  (F.)  Pou- 
dre de  Dupuytren,  formed  of  1  part  of  arsenious 
acid  and  200  parts  of  mild  chloride  of  mercury. 
A  mild  and  manageable  caustic  for  causing  an 
eschar  on  exposed  surfaces,  and  in  lupus,  &c. 

Powder,  Earl  of  Warwick's,  Pulvis  corna- 
chini  —  p.  of  Ethiopia,  Powder  of  Ethiopia. 

Powder  of  Faynard.  A  celebrated  powder 
for  arresting  hemorrhage,  said  to  be  nothing 
more  than  t'j/3  charcoal  of  beech  wood  finely  pul- 
verized. 

Powder,  F/:ter,  Schwanberg's,  Antimonial 
powder. 
4.3 


Powder-Folder,  In  Pharmacy,  an  apparatus 
by  which  papers  containing  powders  are  folded 
of  the  desired  length. 

Powder,  Gingbr-beer,  see  Amomum  zingiber 
— p.  Gout,  Duke  of  Portland's,  Pulvis  Ducis  Port- 
landiae  —  p.  Gray,  Hydrargyrum  cum  creta  —  p. 
of  burnt  Hartshorn  with  opium,  Pulvis  cornu 
cervi  cum  opio  —  p.  of  Ipecacuanha,  compound, 
Pulvis  ipecacuanhse  compositus — p.  of  Jalap, 
compound,  Pulvis  jalapae  compositus — p.  James's 
factitious,  Antimonial  powder  —  p.  Jesuit's,  Cin- 
chona—  p.  of  Kino,  compound,  Pulvis  kino  com- 
positus. 

Powder,  Knox's.  A  disinfecting  preparation, 
composed  of  eight  parts  of  chloride  of  sodium, 
and  three  parts  of  chlorinated  lime.  An  ounce, 
dissolved  in  a  tumblerful  of  water,  forms  a  solu- 
tion of  proper  strength. 

Powder  op  Lemonade,  see  Lemonade  —  p.  of 
Magnesia,  compound,  Pulvis  de  magnesia  com- 
positus—  p.  of  the  Marquis,  Marchionis  pulvis — 
p.  Mead's,  against  the  bite  of  a  Mad  dog,  Pulvis 
antilyssus — p.  Myrrh,  compound,  Pulvis  myrrhsB 
compositus — p.  Portland,  Pulvis  Ducis  Portlandiae 
— p.  of  Rhubarb,  compound, Pulvis  rhei  compositus 
— p.  Saline,  compound,  Pulvis  salinus  compositus 

—  p.  of  the  three  Sanders,  see  Diatrium  —  p. 
Scammony  and  aloes,  Pulvis  scammonii  cum  aloe 

—  p.  Scammony,  compound,  Pulvis  scammonise 
compositus — p.  of  Senna,  compound,  Pulvis  sen- 
nae  compositus — p.  Snei'zing,  see  Veratrum  album 
— p.  Spruce  beer,  see  Spruce  beer — p.  of  Sympathy, 
Sympathetic  powder  —  p.  Talbor's,   Cinchona  — 

—  p.  Tennant's,  Calcis  chloridum — p.  Tonquin, 
Pulvis  cobbii  —  p.  Tooth,  Dentifrice  —  p.  Tra- 
gacanth,  compound,  Pulvis  tragacanthse  compo- 
situs. 

Powder,  Vien'na,  is  composed  of  equal  parts 
of  quicklime  and  potassa  cum  calce.  In  using 
it,  it  is  made  into  a  paste —  Vienna  pufte,  (F.) 
Caustique  de  Vienne,  Pate  Caustique  de  Vieitne — 
— with  spirits  of  wine,  and  is  applied  on  the  dis- 
eased part,  previously  circumscribed  by  a  hole 
cut  in  a  sticking  plaster. 

To  be  left  on  from  10  to  20  minutes,  according 
to  the  depth  of  the  eschar  required.  Used  in 
cases  of  lupous  ulceration. 

By  fusing  the  potass  and  lime,  and  raising  the 
heat  so  as  to  cause  ebullition,  the  caustic  may  be 
run  into  cylinders: — when  it  is  called  Caustique- 
Filhos,  Cavs'ticum  Viennen'se  fustnn  Filhos,  from 
the  name  of  the  author  of  the  process. 

Powders,  Castillon,  or  Castiliion,  so  called 
from  the  name  of  the  physician  who  first  proposed 
them.  They  are  formed  of  sacfo,  in  powder ;  salep, 
in  powder;  tragacanth,  in  powder,  each,  four 
parts  ;  prepiared  oyster-shells,  one  part,  cochineal, 
half  a  part,  divided  into  powders  of  one  drachm 
each  :  one  of  which  is  given  three  or  four  times 
a  day  as  a  demulcent  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 
Dorvault  vaak^s,  poudre  de  Castilhon  sj'nonymous 
with  arrow  root. 

Powders,  Soda,  Pul'veres  effervescen'tes,  (F.) 
Poudres  gaziferes  simples.  [SodcB  cnrb.  ^ss,  in 
each  blue  paper;  tartaric  acid,  gr.  xxv,  in  each 
li-hite  paper;  for  half  a  pint  of  water.)  A  pleasant, 
cooling  drink ;  taken  during  the  effervescence. 

Seidlitz  Potoders,  (P.)  Poudres  gaziferes  laxa- 
tives ou  Poudres  de  Sedlitz,  contain  one  or  two 
drachms  of  tartrate  of  potassa  and  soda,  added 
to  the  alkali  in  blue  paper. 

POWER,  Faculty— p.  Inherent,  Irritability— 
p.  Sensorial,  see  Sensorial — p.  Tonic,  Irritability. 

POX,  Syphilis,  Variola — p.  Chicken,  Varicella. 

Pox  Doctor,  Syphilidiater. 

Pox,  French,  Syphilis — p.  Grease,  see  Grease 
— p.  Horn,  see  Varicella — p.  Noddle,  Syphiloma- 
nia — p.  Small,  Variola  —  p.  Swine,  see  Varicella 
— p.  Water,  see  Varicella. 


POZZUOLI,   MINERAL  WATERS   OF    754 


PREDISPOSITION 


POZZUOLT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Poz- 
xuoli  is  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Naples.  The 
springs  are,  1.  Aqua  della  pietra,  Temp.  91°  Fah. 
2.  Acqun  di  Cavalcaiiti,  Temp.  100°.  A.  di  sub- 
veni  honu'ni,  Temp.  102°  ;  A.  del  cantarello,  Temp. 
86  to  89°;  and  that  of  the  Temple  of  Serapis  in 
Pozzuoli,  Temp.  102  to  107°.  The  last  contains 
carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  alu- 
mina, and  iron,  carbonate  of  soda,  chloride  of 
sodium,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  silica. 

PRACTICE  OF  PHYSIC,  Therapeutics. 
PRACTITIONER,  GENERAL,  Surgeon  apo- 
thecary— p.  Irregular,  see  Irregular — p.  Regular, 
see  Regular — p.  Routine,  Routinist. 

PRJE.     In  composition,  means  'before.' 
PR^BIUM,  Dose. 
PRiECAUTIO,  Prophylaxis. 

PR^CIPITANS,  Absorbent— p.  Magnum, 
Sepia. 

PRiECIPITATUM  ALBUM,  Hydrargyrum 
praecipitatum. 

PR^CIPITATUS  RUBER,  Hydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxydum. 

PR^CISIO  PR^PUTII,  Circumcision. 

PRJ5C0CIA,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

PRJECOCITY,  Precocity. 

PR^COGNITIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^CORD'IA,  from  prce,  and  cor,  cordis, 
'the  heart.'  The  diaphragm;  also,  the  thoracic 
viscera,  and  the  epigastrium. 

PrjECOr'dial  or  Precordial  Region,  Re'gio 
pracordiaca  seu  pracordia'lis,  is  the  epigastric 
region.  Also,  and  more  properly,  the  region  of 
the  heart.  A  line  drawn  from  the  inferior  mar- 
gins of  the  third  ribs  across  the  sternum,  passes 
over  the  valves  of  the  pulmonary  artery  a  little 
to  the  left  of  the  mesial  line,  and  those  of  the 
aorta  are  behind  them,  but  about  half  an  inch 
lower  down.  A  vertical  line,  coinciding  with  the 
left  margin  of  the  sternum,  has  about  one-third 
of  the  heart,  comprising  the  upper  portion  of  the 
right  ventricle,  on  the  right,  —  and  two-thirds, 
comprising  the  lower  portion  of  the  right  ventri- 
cle and  the  whole  of  the  left,  on  the  left.  This 
is  the  prEecordial  region. 

PRiECORDIUM,  FoBsette  du  cceur — p.  Pedis, 
Metatarsus. 

PRECOX  MATURITAS,  Precocity. 

PR^CUSTODIA,  Prophylaxis. 

PR/FDIASTOLICUS,  Prediastolic. 

PR^DICTIO,  Prognosis. 

PRiBDISPOSITIO,  Predisposition. 

PR^DIVINATIO,  Mantia. 

PR^DOMIN'IUM,  from  prm,  and  domo,  domi- 
tum,  '  I  subdue.'  Predominance  of  one  thing  over 
another. 

Pr^domin'ium  AqujE.  a  predominance  of 
watery  fluid,  —  Tenu'Has  aquo'sa. 

Pr^dominium  San'guinis  Arterio'si.  A  pre- 
dominance of  arterial  blood,  Arterios' Has  san'- 
guinis. 

PR^DOMiu'itrM  San'guinis  Veno'si,  Venos'itas 
San'guinis.     Predominance  of  venous  blood. 

PR^FOCATIO,  Orthopnoea,  Suffocation  —  p. 
Faucium,  Angone — p.  Matricis,  Angone — p.  Ute- 
rina,  Angone. 

PR^FOCATION,  Strangulatio  uterina. 

PR^FORMATIO,  Preformation. 

PR^GNANS,  Pregnant. 

PRjEGNAS,  Pregnant. 

PRiEGNATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

PR^ilGNATUS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

PR^GNAX,  Pregnant. 

PRiEGUSTATIO,  Avant-gout. 

PR^HENSIO,  Prehensio. 

PRiELIN'GUA.  The  anterior  part  or  tip  of 
the  tongue. 

PR^LIUM,  Coition,  Press,  Tourniquet — p. 
Arteriale,  Tourniquet. 


PR^LUMBARIS,  Prelumbar. 

PR^NOTIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^NUNTIATIO,  Prognosis. 

PR J5PARATI0,  Preparation— p.  Chyli,  Chy- 
lification. 

PRiEPARATUM,  Preparation. 

PR^POTEN'TIA,  from  prm,  and  potens, 
'powerful,'     Great  power  or  strength. 

Pr^epoten'tia  Viri'lis.  Great,  or  too  great 
procreative  power  on  the  part  of  the  male. 

PR^POTIO,  Propotismus. 

PRJSPUTIALIS,  Preputial. 

PR^PUTIUM,  Prepuce. 

PR^SAGIUM,  Mantia. 

PR^SCIENTIA,  Prognosis. 

PR^SCITIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^SCRIPTIO,  Prescription. 

PR^SCRIPTUM,  Prescription. 

PR^SEPIOLUM,  Alveolus. 

PR^SEPIUM,  Alveolus. 

PR^SERVATIO,  Prophylaxis. 

PR^SERVATIVUM,  Amuletum. 

PR^SERVATO'RIA  INDICA'TIO.  A  pre- 
servative indication  ;  one  proper  for  preventing 
the  development  of  disease. 

PR.j;SERVATORIUS,  Prophylactic. 

PR^SPINALIS,  Prespinal. 

PR^TIBIALIS,  Pretibial. 

PRAIRIE  BUSH,  STINKING,  Ptelea  trifo- 
liata  —  p.  Pines,  Liatris. 

PRASINUM  VIRIDE,  Cupri  subacetas. 

PRASINUS,  Porraceous. 

PRASI'TES,  from  prasium,  'horehound.' 
Wine  in  which  the  leaves  of  horehound  have 
been  infused. 

PRASIUM,  Marrubium. 

PRASUM,  Allium  prasum. 

PRAXIS,  Action. 

Praxis  Med'ica.  The  practical  exercise  of 
the  healing  art. 

PREASER,  Rennet. 

PRECIPITATE,  RED,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
osydura  —  p.  White,  Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum. 

PRECIPITA'TIONJ  PrcpcipHa'tio,  (F.)  PrS- 
eipite,  from  prcBcipitare,  prcecipitatum,  (prcB,  and 
caput,  'the  head,')  '  to  throw  headlong.'  The  ac- 
tion by  which  a  body  abandons  a  liquid  in  which 
it  is  dissolved,  and  becomes  deposited  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  vessel.  The  matter,  so  thrown  down 
or  precipitated,  is  called  a.  precipitnte. 

PRECIPITATION  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Pro- 
cidentia uteri. 

PRECIPITE  BLANO,  Hydrargyrum  praeci- 
pitatum— p.  Noir,  see  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cine- 
reum — p.  Oxydum  per  se,  Hj'drargyri  nitrico-oxy- 
dum — p.  Rouge,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

PRECOCITY,  Preco'ciousness,  (F.)  Precoeiti, 
Pr<Bcox  matu'rilas,  Matu'rity  preco'cious,  from 
pros,  '  before,'  and  coquere,  'to  cook.'  Rapid  de- 
velopment before  the  usual  time.  See  Proeotia. 

PRECORDIAL,  Praecordial. 

PRECUR'SORY,  Pracurso'rim,  (F.)  Precur- 
seur,  from  pr(B,  and  curro,  cursum,  'I  run.'  That 
which  precedes. 

Precur'sory  or  Premon'itort  Signs  or  Symp- 
toms, (F.)  Signes  precurseurs  ou  premonitoires, 
S.  nvant  coureurs,  are  those  which  indicate  an 
approaching  disease. 

PREDIAS'TOLIC,  Pradiastol'ieut,  from  prce, 
and  diastole.  That  which  precedes  the  diastole 
of  the  heart, — as  'prediastolic  friction  sound.' 

PREDISPONENT  or  PREDISPOSING 
CAUSES,  see  Causes,  predisponent. 

PREDISPOSIT"ION,  Pr<Bdispo8it"io,  Semin'- 
ia  morbo'rum  (Gaubius)  ;  from  pra,  and  dispo- 
nere,  dispositum,  'to  dispose.'  (F.)  Imminence 
morbide.  That  constitution  or  condition  of  the 
body,  which  disposes  it  to  the  action  of  disease 


PREDORSAL 


755 


PREGNANCY 


under  the  application  of  an  exciting  cause.  Thus, 
in  hereditary  diseases,  the  conformation  is  such, 
that  but  a  slight  exciting  cause  may  be  required 
to  produce  them.  When  the  disease  arises  solely 
from  the  predisposition,  or  under  the  additional 
influence  of  an  extremely  slight  exciting  cause, 
it  is,  by  some,  termed  a  dispoxition. 

PREDOR'SAL,  Prcedofsa'lis,  from  prep.,  and 
dorsum,  'the  back.'  That  which  is  in  front  of 
the  back. 

PRyEDORSAL  Region  of  the  vertebral  column  is 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  dorsal  region. 

PRE-DORSO-ATLOJDIEN,  Longus  colli. 

PRE-DORSO-CERVICAL,  Longus  colli. 

PRE-EXISTENCB  OP  GERMS,  see  Pre- 
formation. 

PREFORMA'TION,  Prwforma'tio,  from  prcB, 
'before,'  and  forma tio,  'forming.'  An  ancient 
theory  of  generation,  which  maintained  that  the 
germ  of  every  part  exists,  but  not  visibly,  before 
fecundation,  and  that  fecundation  occasions  their 
development.  It  was  the  doctrine  of  pre-exist- 
eiice  of  germs. 

PREG'NANCY,  Pragna'tio,  Pragna'tua,  Im- 
prtBgna'tio,  Ingravida'tio,  from  proi,  and  genere, 
'to  beget;'  Hysterocye'sis,  Gravid' itas,  G.  ule- 
ri'na,  En'cymon,  Cye'nis,  Encye'sis,  En'cysis, 
Encymo'sia,  Cyopho'ria,  Gesta'tioii,  Foeta'tion, 
Ingravida'tion,  Utero-gcHta'tion ;  (F. )  Grosseise. 
The  state  of  a  female  who  has  vvithin  her  a  fecun- 
dated germ,  which  gradually  becomes  developed  in 
or  out  of  the  uterus.  When  placed  in  the  cavity  of 
the  uterus, — by  virtue  of  the  vital  principle  which 
animates  it,  it  becomes  attached  to  the  inner  sur- 
face of  that  viscus,  and  obtains  from  it  indirectly 
the  nutriment  necessary  for  its  gradual  develop- 
ment, during  the  space  of  ten  lunar  months  or 
two  hundred  and  eighty  days — the  ordinary  term 
or  duration  oi  gextation,  although  the  period  may 
be  protracted  to  300  days  or  upwards,  —  at  the 
expiration  of  which  parturition  occurs.  Preg- 
nancy is  commonly  limited  to  a  single  foBtus  :  at 
times,  the  uterus  contains  two  or  three. — See  Re- 
production. Occasionally,  one  or  two  moles — the 
degenerated  products  of  conception — alone  occu- 
py the  uterus  : — at  other  times,  a  foetus  likewise 
exists.  In  certain  cases,  and  owing  to  accidental 
circumstances,  the  fecundated  ovum  remains  in 
the  ovarium,  or  is  arrested  in  the  Fallopian  tube. 
Pregnancy  has,  accordingly,  been  distinguished 
into,  1.  Natural  or  uterine,  when  the  foetus  is 
carried  in  the  cavity  of  the  womb :  and,  2.  Pre- 
ternatural or  extrn-uterine,  E.rfeta'tion,  Concep'- 
tio  vitio'sa,  Paracye'sis  seu  Ecoye'sis,  Ecthystero- 
cye'sis,  Eehihysterocye' six,  Dytto'cia,  Dyscye'six 
SOU  Gravid' itai  extra-uteri' na,  (F.)  Grossesse  coii- 
tre-nature, — when  it  occurs  in  the  ovarium,  tube, 
or  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

During  pregnancy,  the  female  experiences  re- 
markable changes  in  the  condition  of  her  organs 
and  functions.  The  genital  apparatus  is,  of 
course,  most  affected.  The  uterus  changes  its 
shape,  situation,  size,  and  texture.  The  usual 
signs  of  pregnancy  are, — suppression  of  the  cata- 
menia;  the  abdomen  gradually  enlarging  and 
forming  a  hard  tumour;  the  umbilicus  prominent 
in  the  latter  months ;  the  breasts  increasing  in 
size;  the  areolaround  the  nipple  becoming  darker 
and  the  follicles  more  developed;  kyestein  in  the 
urine  from  an  early  period;  a  bluish  tint  of  the 
vagina  after  the  fourth  week;  about  the  fifth 
month,  the  evidence  by  ballottement,  the  pla- 
cental souffle,  and  the  sound  of  the  foetal  heart 
heard  on  auscultation ;  the  motion  of  the  foetus 
perceptible,  and  the  neck  of  the  uterus  dimin- 
ishing in  length  at  the  advanced  periods. 

Prrgvavcv,  Abdom'inal,  Ecoye'sis  ahdominn' - 
lis,    Gxliocye'sis,    Gravid'itas  abdomina'lis,    (F.J 


Grossesse  ahdominale.     That  in  which   the   ovum 
has  escaped  into  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

Pregnancy,  Afoe'tal,  Pregnancy  ivithout  a 
foetus,  (F.)  Grossesse  afoetale  ou  sans  foetus. 
Pregnancy  produced  by  a  false  or  degenerate 
conception,  or  any  other  affection,  which  has 
given  place  to  unusual  development  of  the  uterus. 
Madame  Boivin  includes  in  this  class,  sarco-hya 
teric,  hydro-hysteric,  gazo-hysteric,  and  hemato 
hysteric  pregnancies. 

Pregnancy,  Bigem'inal,  (F.)  Grossesse  bigS- 
minale.  Double  pregnancy.  Pregnancy  in  which 
there  are  twins  in  utero.  —  Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Complex,  (F.)  Grossesse  com- 
plexe,  G.  inter-extra  uterine,  is  when  the  womb, 
besides  a  foetus,  contains  much  water,  hydatids, 
a  mole,  &c. 

Pregnancy,  Compodnd,  Polybreph'ia,  Poly- 
cye'sia,  Polycye'aie,  (F.j  Grossesse  compoece,  is 
when  there  are  two  or  three  foetuses  in  the  cavity 
of  the  uterus. 

Pregnancy,  Double,  Pregnancy,  bigeminal — 
p.  Duration  of,  see  Pregnancy — p.  Extra-uterine, 
see  Pregnancy. 

Preg'nancY,  False,  Gravid'itas  spuria,  (F.) 
Grossesse  fausse  ou  apparente,  Pseudocye'sis. 
Authors  have  thus  called  different  affections  of 
a  more  or  less  serious  character,  which  resemble 
pregnancy;  so  as,  at  times,  to  impose  upon  the 
best-informed  practitioners.  These  diseases  may 
be  seated  in  the  uterus  or  its  dependencies,  in 
the  intestines  or  some  other  part  of  the  abdomen. 
They  may  be;  —  a  mole,  hydatids,  water,  blood, 
or  polypus  distending  the  parietes  of  the  uterus  : 
—  chronic  enlargement  of  the  uterus;  develop- 
ment of  tumours,  <fec.,  in  its  substance  ; — scirrhus : 
dropsy  of  the  ovaria;  ascites;  tympanites,  Ac. 

Pregnancy,  Fcetal,  (F.)  Grossesse  fcvtale. 
Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  a  foetus,  or  more 
than  one,  in  the  uterus  or  out  of  it.  Madame 
Boivin  puts  in  this  class — the  solitary,  bigeminal, 
tri(/eminal,  and  sarco-fvetal  pregnancies,  which 
form  the  first  order;  and  the  tubal,  ovarial,  and 
abdominal,  which  constitute  the  second. 

Pregnancy,  Gazo-hyster'ic,  (F.)  Grossesse 
Gazo-hysteriqne.  Afoetal  pregnancy,  caused  by 
development  of  air  or  gas  in  the  cavity  of  the 
womb.  —  Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  H^JfATO-nYSTERic,  (F.)  Grossesse 
hemato-hysterique.  Afoetal  pregnancy,  caused 
by  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  uterus. — Madame 
Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Hydro-hysterio,  (F.)  Grossesse 
hydro-hysterique.  Afoetal  pregnancy,  occasioned 
by  the  secretion  and  accumulation  of  serous  fluid 
in  the  uterus. 

Pregnancy,  Interstit"ial,  Gravid'itas  in 
uteri  subsian'tid  seu  interstitia'lis.  The  develop- 
ment of  the  embryo  in  the  proper  substance  of 
the  uterus.  The  case  generally  terminates  fatally 
at  an  early  period  of  gestation  ;  the  thin  external 
paries  of  the  uterus  being  ruptured,  and  the  ovum 
passing  into  the  abdominal  cavity. 

Pregnancy,  Morbid,  Paracye'sis,  Dysto'eia, 
Byscye'sis.  The  progress  of  pregnancy  disturbed 
or  endangered  by  the  supervention  of  general  or 
local  disorder.  —  Good. 

Pregnancy,  Ova'rian,  (F.)  Grossesse  ovarienne 
ou  de  Vovaire,  Eccye'sis  ova'ria,  O'driocye'sis, 
Oocye'sis,  Gravid'itas  u'teri  seu  extra-uteri' na  in 
ona'rio.  Pregnancy  in  which  the  foetus  is  de- 
veloped in  the  interior  of  the  ovary. 

Pregnancy,  Plea  of.  A  plea,  which  a  woman, 
capitally  convicted,  may  set  up  in  arrest  of  exe- 
cution until  she  is  delivered.  See  Jury  of  Ma- 
trons, and  De  ventre  inspiciendo. 

Pregnancy,  Pbetend'ed.  The  criminal  act 
of  a  female,  who,  not  having  been  delivered,  pre- 
sents an  infant  as  having  been  born  of  her.     (F.) 


PREGNANT 


756 


PRESCRIPTION 


Supposition  de  part.  (This  term,  in  French, 
likewise  includes  the  case  of  a  female,  who,  hav- 
ing been  delivered  of  a  dead  child,  substitutes  for 
it  a  living  child  which  is  not  hers.) 

Pregnancy,  Sarco-fcetal,  (F.)  Groasesse  sar- 
co-/<xt((le.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  are  one  or 
more  foetuses,  and  one  or  more  moles. — Madame 
Boivin. 

PRKG\ANCT,SARCO-HYSTERIC,(F.)<?''OS«essesar- 

eo-hysteriqiie.  Afcetal  pregnancy  formed  by  moles, 
hydatids,  or  a  false  conception. — Madame  Boivin. 
Pregnancy,  Sol'itary,  (F.)  Grosse^se  solitaire 
ou  simple.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  a  single 
ffletus.  —  Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Trigem'inal,  (F.)  Grossesse  tri- 
geminale  ou  triple.  Pregnancy  in  which  there 
are  three  foetuses  in  the  cavity  of  the  uterus. — 
Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Tubal,  (F.)  Grossesse  tuhaire, 
Eccye'sis  tuha'lis,  Gravid'itas  tnbn'rin.  Preg- 
nancy where  the  foetus  remains  and  is  developed 
in  the  Fallopian  tube. 

Pregnancy,  Uterine,  see  Pregnancy. 

Pregnancy,  Utero-abdom'inal,  (F.)  Grossesse 
ittero-ahdominale.  Pregnancy  consisting  of  two 
foetuses  ;  one  in  the  uterus — the  other  in  the  ab- 
dominal cavity.  —  Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Utbro-ova'rial,  (F.)  Grossesse 
utero-ovarienne.  Pregnancy  with  two  foetuses, 
one  in  the  womb,  the  other  in  the  ovary. 

Pregnancy,  Uterg-tiibal,  (F.)  Grossesse  ufe- 
ro-tuhnire.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  at  the 
same  time  a  foetus  in  the  womb  and  another  in 
the  Fallopian  tube. 

PREGNANT,  ProBrinnns,  PrcBfjnas,  Prcegnax, 
Fetus,  Foetus,  Enenr'pos.  Grav'ido,  Plena  mn'licr, 
Incine'tn,  Gravid,  Breeding,  (Old  Eng.)  Bealivff. 
Same  etymon.  (F.)  Enceinte.  One  in  a  state  of 
pregnancy  ;  —  one  with  child. 

PREHENSIO,  Catalepsy,  Epilepsy. 

PREHEN'SION,  Prehen'sio,  from  jyrehendere, 
prehensian,  'to  lay  hold  of.'  The  act  of  laying 
hold  of. 

Prehension  of  Food  is  the  act  of  seizing  and 
carrying  it  to  the  mouth,  and  introducing  it  into 
that  cavity.  It  is,  also,  called  Assump'tio,  Pro- 
elep'sis,  Pros'phora. 

PRELE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

PRELOMDAIRE,  Prelumbar. 

PRELOMBO-PUDIEN,  Psoas  parvus —js. 
Trochnnfin,  Psoas  magnus. 

PRELUM,  Press  —  p.  Arteriale,  Tourniquet. 

PRELUM'BAR,  PrcBhimha'ris,  (F.)  Prelom- 
hnire,  from  pra,  and  litmhi,  'the  loins.'  That 
which  is  placed  before  the  loins.  The  prelumbar 
surface  of  the  spinal  column  is  the  anterior  sur- 
face of  the  lumbar  portion. 

PREMIERES  VOTES,  Prirase  vise. 

PREMOLAR,  see  Molar  teeth. 

PREMONITORY,  see  Precursory. 

PRENAN'THES,  Gall  of  the  Earth,  Dewitt 
Snaket-oot,  Lion's  Foot.  There  are  many  species 
of  this  indigenous  plant,  whose  root  and  milky 
juice  are  very  bitter.  They  are  used  in  popular 
practice  in  dysentery ;  and  in  the  form  of  cata- 
plasm to  bites  of  serpents. 

Prenanthes  Alba,  Nabalus  albus — p.  Serpen- 
taria,  Nabalus  albus. 

PRENDRE INSORTPTTON,  see  Matriculate. 

PRE  PAR  ATE  (  VETNE),  see  Facial  vein. 

PREPARA'TION,  Prmparn'tio,  from  pree, 
and  pnrare,  paratum,  'to  get  ready.'  The  act  of 
making  ready  any  substance  whatever  that  has 
ti)  bo  employed  for  any  purpose. 

Also,  the  product  of  any  pharmaceutical  ope- 
ration ; —  Prmpara'tum. 

Any  part  of  the  human  body,  preserved  for  the 
uses  of  the  anatomist,  is  so  called. 


PREP'UCE,  PrcBpu'tium,  Epago' gium ,  Posthe 
Pella,  Pos'thinm,  Pu'tinm,  Foreskin.  The  pro- 
longation of  the  integuments  of  the  penis,  which 
covers  the  glans.  The  prepuce  is  composed  of 
two  membranous  layers  :  one  external  or  cuta- 
neous; the  other  internal  or  mucous,  separated 
by  areolar  membrane.  The  mucous  membrane 
lines  the  inner  surface  of  the  cutaneous  layer  till 
beyond  the  glans,  when  it  is  reflected  over  the 
latter;  forming,  behind  the  corona,  a  small  cid- 
de-sac  above  the  corpora  cavernosa,  which  is  in- 
terrupted hj  a  triangular  duplicature  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane,  called  the  fr(pnum,  fixed  in  the 
furrow  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  glans,  and  ter- 
minating at  a  little  distance  from  the  orifice  of 
the  urethra.  The  clitoris  is  covered  by  a  semi- 
lunar fold  formed  by  a  continuation  of  the  skin 
of  the  labia.     It  is  called  Prcepu'tium  clitor'idis. 

PREPU'TIAL,  Prmputia'lis.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  the  prepuce;  —  as  the  'preputial  se- 
cretion,— or  that  which  takes  place  from  the  lining 
of  the  prepuce  covering  the  glans. 

PRESBYODOCHIUM,  Gerocomium. 

PRESBYON'OSI;  from  irp£(r/?vf,  'old,'  and 
voaiii;,  '  disease.'     Diseases  of  old  age. 

PRES'BYOPE,  Preshy'tes,  (F.)  Preshyte,  from 
irp£5j3ii5,  'old,'  and  u-J/,  'the  eye.'  One  who  is 
long-sighted  or  affected  with  presbyopia. 

PRESBYOPIA,  Presbytia. 

PRESBYO'PIC,  Preshyo'picus,  Preshyt'ic, 
Presby'ticns.  Relating  or  belonging  to  presbyopia 
or  long-sightedness. 

PRESBYSPHACELUS,  Gangrene  of  old 
people. 

PRESBY'TIA,  Preshyo'pia,  Amhlyo'pia  prox- 
imo'mm,  Visas  seni'lis,  Pres'hyopy,  (F.)  Viie 
langne  ;  from  ipcf/Juriys,  'an  old  person.'  A  very 
high  degree  is  termed  Hyperhresby' tia.  A  con- 
dition of  vision,  common  in  old  persons,  which 
consists  in  the  circumstance  of  near  objects  being 
confusedly  seen,  whilst  those  at  a  greater  dis- 
tance are  clearly  distinguished.  It  is  supposed 
to  depend  generally  on  diminution  of  the  convex- 
ity of  the  cornea;  whence  results  an  alteration  in 
the  convergency  of  the  rays,  so  that  they  form  a 
focus  behind  the  retina.  This  defect  is  remedied 
by  the  use  of  convex  glasses,  which  augment  the 
convergence  of  the  luminous  rays.  It  is,  also, 
called  Long-sightedness,  Far-sightedness,  Parop'- 
sis  longin'qna,  Dy so' jji a  proximo' rum. 

PRESBYTIC,  Presbyopic. 

PRESCRIP'TION,  PrcBscrip'tio,  Anag'raphe, 
from  prcp,  and  scrihere,  seriptum,  'to  write  ;'  For'- 
mula,  F.  med'ica,  Sched'tda,  Prcescrip'tnm,  Pree- 
acriji'tio  med'ica,  liecep'ttnn,  (F.)  Formtde,  Or- 
donnance.  The  formula  which  the  physician 
writes  for  the  composition  of  medicines  adapted 
to  any  case  of  disease.  A  prescription  should  be 
as  simple  as  possible,  and  should  bear  upon  its 
face  the  evidence  of  the  objects  to  be  fulfilled  by 
it.  No  article  should  form  part  of  it,  unless 
adapted  for  serving  some  useful  purpose.  A  com- 
pound prescription  has  been  divided  into  four 
parts:  —  the  Jr/s/s  or  principal  ingredient  of  the 
prescription  ;  the  ad'Jnvans,  or  that  which  is  de- 
signed to  promote  the  action  of  the  former;  the 
cor'rigens.  or  that  intended  to  correct  its  opera- 
tion, or  oliviate  any  unpleasant  symptom  which 
it  maybe  apt  to  produce;  and  the  constit'vens, 
e.rcip'iens  or  vehic'ulum,  Canstitu'ent,  Excip/ient 
or  ve'hicle,  the  substance  which  gives  to  the  other 
ingredients  consistence  or  form.  All  these  are 
seen  in  the  following  formula  for  cathartic  pills  : 

Aloes gj    Basis, 

Hyd.  Chlorid.  Mit.    gr.  x Adjnvans. 

Olei  Carui gtt.  v Corrigens. 

Syrupi q.  s Gonstitnens. 

M.  et  fiant  pilulse  xx.     See  Symbol. 


PRESCRIPTION 


757 


PRESYSTOLIC 


It  is  obvious,  however,  that  most  prescriptions 
are  more  simple  than  this.  The  basis,  for  exam- 
ple, may  require  neither  adjuvant,  corrigent^  nor 
constituent. 

Dr.  Paris  has  given  the  folloying  synopsis  of 
the  principles  of  medicinal  combination,  lamatn- 
tdxioJoffia,  lamatosyntaxiolog" ia,  Avs  form'nlcis 
nied'ican  eonciuvaii'di,  which  may  serve  as  an 
instructive  guide  to  the  preseriber  : — 

OBJECT  I. 

TO  PROMOTE  THE  ACTION  OF  THE  BASIS. 

A.  By  combining  the  several  different  forms  or 
preparations  of  the  sonic  siihstanee.  B.  By  com- 
bining the  basis  with  substances  which  are  of  the 
same  nature;  i.  e.,  which  are  individually  capa- 
ble of  producing  the  same  effects,  with  less  ener- 
gy than  when  in  combination  with  each  other. 
C.  By  combining  the  basis  with  substances  of  a 
different  iiature,  and  which  do  not  exert  any  che- 
mical influence  upon  it,  but  are  found  by  expe- 
rience, or  inferred  by  analogy,  to  be  capable  of 
rendering  the  stomach  or  system  more  suscepti- 
ble of  its  action. 

OBJECT  II. 

TO  CORRECT  THE  OPERATION  OF  THE  BASIS  BT  OB- 
VIATING ANY  UNPLEASANT  EFFECTS  IT  MIGHT 
BE  LIKELY  TO  OCCASION,  AND  WHICH  WOULD 
PERVERT  ITS  INTENDED  ACTION,  AND  DEFEAT 
THE  OBJECT  OF  ITS  EXHIBITION. 

A.  By  ehymically  neutralizing  or  mechanically 
separating  the  offending  ingredient.  B.  By  add- 
ing some  substance  calculated  to  guard  the  sto- 
mach or  system  against  its  deleterious  effects. 

OBJECT  iir. 

TO  OBTAIN  THE  JOINT    OPERATION  OF  TWO  OR  MORE 
MEDICINES. 

A.  By  uniting  those  medicines  which  are  cal- 
culated to  produce  the  same  idtimnte  results,  but 
by  modes  of  operation  totally  different.  B.  By 
combining  medicines  which  have  entirely  differ- 
ent powers;  and  which  are  required  to  obviate 
different  symptoms,  or  to  answer  different  indi- 
cations. 

OBJECT  IV. 

TO    OBTAIN   A   NEW  AND    ACTIVE    REMEDY,  NOT   AF- 
FORDED BY  ANY  SINGLE  SUBSTANCE. 

A.  By  combining  medicines  which  excite  dif- 
ferent actions  in  the  stomach  and  system,  in  con- 
sequence of  which  71C10  or  modified  resvlts  are 
produced.  B.  By  combining  substances  which 
have  the  property  of  acting  ehymically  upon  each 
Other  ;  the  results  of  which  are  : — a.  The  forma- 
tion of  new  compounds;  h.  The  decomposition 
of  the  original  ingredients,  and  the  development 
of  the  more  active  elements.  C.  By  combining 
substances,  between  which  no  other  change  is 
induced  than  a  diminution  or  increase  in  the  so- 
luhility  of  the  principles  in  which  their  medicinal 
virtues  reside,  a.  By  the  intervention  of  sub- 
stances that  act  ehymically.  h.  By  the  addition 
of  ingredients  whose  operation  is  entirely  me- 
ehanical. 

OBJECT  V. 

TO  AFFORD  AN  ELIGIBLE  FORM. 

A.  By  which  the  efficacy  of  the  remedy  is  en- 
hanced. B.  By  which  its  aspect  or  flavour  is 
rendered  more  agreeable,  or  its  mode  of  adminis- 
tration more  convenient  C,  By  which  it  is  pre- 
served from  the  spontaneous  decompositioQ  to 
which  it  is  liable. 

[The  vocabulary  in  the  author's  "Medical 
Student,"  Philad.,  1844,  will  aid  the  student  not 


only  in  translating,  but  in  writing  his  prescrip- 
tions more  snlito.~\ 

PRESENTA'TION,  from  {'Lai.)  prasens,  [prae, 
'before,'  and  ens,  entie,  'being.')     The  part  of  a 
foetus  which   is   felt  presenting,  on   examination 
per  vaginam.     When  the  head  presents,  and  es- 
pecially the  vertex,  or  the  feet,  knees,  or  breech, 
the  presentation  is  said  to  be  natural ;  when  any 
other  part,  preternatural;  and  the  labour  is  styled 
perverse  or  preternatural,  Parndyn'ia  seu  Dys- 
to'cia  perver'sa,    Cross-birth,    (F.)    Accouchement 
centre  nature.     AVhen  any  part  besides  the  head, 
feet,  knees,  or  breech  presents,  the  operation  of 
turning  becomes  necessary.     See  Parturition. 
PRESERVATIVE,  Prophylactic. 
PRE^SIS,  Swelling. 
PEESLE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 
PRESMA,  Swelling. 

PRESPI'NAL,  ProBspina'lis,  from  prcE,  and 
spina,  'the  spine.'  That  which  is  situate  before 
the  spine.  The  prespinal  surface  of  the  vertebral 
column  is  the  anterior  surface. 

PRESS,  Proe'lium,  Prce'liuni,  Presso'riiim,  Pi- 
ester,  Pieste'rion,  {¥.)  Pressoir,  Presse,  froui  pre- 
mere,  pressum,  'to  squeeze.'  An  instrument  for 
subjecting  matters  to  considerable  pressure,  for 
the  purpose  of  separating  the  liquid  from  the 
solid  portion. 

Press  of  Herophilus,  Torcular  Herophili. 
PRESSE-ARTERE,  Serre-uceud  de  Des- 
champs,  Serre-Artere.  An  instrument  invented 
by  Deschamps  for  the  immediate  compression  of 
arteries.  It  is  composed  of  a  plate  six  or  seven 
lines  long,  and  three  broad,  and  of  a  rod  or  stem 
two  inches  long,  placed  perpendicularly  above 
the  plate  and  riveted.  At  each  extremity  of  the 
plate  is  a  hole,  through  which  each  of  the  ends 
of  the  ligature,  to  be  placed  upon  the  artery,  is 
passed.  The  ligature  is  then  to  be  tightened  by 
drawing  the  ends,  and  iixing  them  to  the  perpen- 
dicular rod.  This  presse-artere  or  serre-artere, 
surrounded  with  charpie,  remains  in  the  wound, 
until  there  is  no  longer  danger  of  hemorrhage. 
The  ligature  is  then  cut,  and  the  instrument 
withdrawn.     It  is  an  unnecessary  instrument. 

PRESSE-URETHRE,  Jugum  Penis.  A  kind 
of  forceps  of  elastic  iron,  the  branches  of  which, 
padded,  may  be  approximated  or  separated  by 
means  of  a  screw.  The  penis  is  introduced  be- 
tween the  branches,  one  of  them  being  applied 
to  the  urethra,  and  the  screw  is  tightened  so  as 
to  exercise  a  degree  of  pressure  sufficient  to  bring 
the  parietes  of  the  canal  in  contact.  This  instru- 
ment is  sometimes  used  in  incontinence  of  urine, 
to  prevent  the  constant  discharge  of  that  fluid. 
PRESSIO,  Pressure. 

PRESSWN  ABDOMINALE,  Pressure,  ab- 
dominal. 

PRESSOIR,  Press— j3.  d'Herophile,  Torcular 
Herophili. 

PRESSORIUM,  Press. 

PRESSURE,  Pres'sio,  from  premere,  pressum, 
'to  press.'     The  action  of  pressing. 

Pressure,  Abdom'inal,  (F.)  Pression  ahdomi- 
nale.  A  mode  of  examination  by  means  of  which 
the  sensibility,  size,  suppleness,  or  hardness  of 
any  morbid  abdominal  viscus  may  be  compared, 
in  these  respects,  with  its  healthy  condition. 
Biehat  proposed,  with  the  view  of  exploring  the 
state  of  the  thoracic  organs,  to  exert  a  pressure 
from  below  upwards  on  the  abdominal  organs,  so 
as  to  crowd  tlnem  upon  the  diaphragm,  and  thus 
to  diminish  the  dimensions  of  the  cavity  of  the 
chest,  noticing  to  what  extent  respiration  was 
affected  by  this  action.  No  great  information 
can  of  course  be  derived  from  it. 

PRESYS'TOLIC,  Prasystol'icus,  from  pra, 
'before,'  and  systole.     That  which  precedes  the 


PRETENDED   DISEASES 


58 


PRINOS 


<!Oii traction  of  the  heart — as  "presystolic  friction 
sound." 

PRETENDED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 

PRETIB'IAL,    PfcBtibia'lis,    from    2^rcB,    and 

tibia,  'the  tibia.'     That  which  is  situate  before 

the  tibia;  as  the  ilio-pretibial  and  ischio  pretibial 

muscles. 

PREVENTIVE,  Prophylactic. 
Preven'tive,  Royal,  from  pravenire,  prcBven- 
tum,  [prcB,  and  venire,)  '  to  come  before.'  An 
empirical  preparation,  used  as  a  prophylactic 
against  the  venereal  virus.  It  is  a  solution  of 
acetate  of  lead,  —  the  Liquor  Plumbi  Subacetatis 
dilntus. 

PREVER'TEBRAL  APONEURO'SIS.  The 
aponeurosis  which  covers  the  muscles  of  the  pre- 
vertebral region. 

Prevertebral  Artert,  (F.)  Artere  preverte- 
hrale  ou  miningienne  posterieiire.  A  ramus  of 
the  meningeal  branch,  and  sometimes  even  of  the 
trunk,  of  the  pharyngeal  artery,  which  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  prevertebral  region. 

Prevertebral  Muscles,  see  Cervical  region, 
anterior  —  p.  Region,  Cervical  region,  anterior. 

PRIAPEIA,  Nicotiana  rustica. 

PRIAPIS'COS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Name  of  a  piece  of  wood  which  forms  part  of  the 
gcarnnum  Hijjpocraticvm.  Paulus  of  ^gina  calls 
thus  a  tent  of  linen  shaped  like  a  penis. 

PRIAPIS'MUS,  yenJ/'^o,  T.  Penis,  Pri'apism, 
Horn-colic  (vulg.),  Enta'sia  Priapis'mus,  lihopa- 
lis'mus,  Satyri'asis,  Sti/ma,  Sti/sis,  from  Jlptanos, 
'  Priapus.'  Constant  and  distressing  erection, 
without  any  voluptuous  idea  or  desire  for  venery. 
It  is  often  symptomatic;  and  sometimes  the  im- 
mediate result  of  morbific  causes,  —  of  the  action 
of  cantharides,  for  example.  The  application  of 
cold  liquids  to  the  penis,  and  the  internal  use  of 
opium  and  camphor,  are  the  means  usually  had 
recourse  to  for  its  removal. 

PRTAPITIS,  Phallitis. 

PRIA'PUS,  Miitun'niis.  In  ancient  mythology 
♦he  deity  who  presided  over  gardens  and  the  parts 
of  generation,  so  called  propter  deformitatem  et 
membri  virilis  magnitudinem. 

Priapus,  Penis — p.  Cervi,  see  Cervus — p.  Ceti, 
Leviathan  penis. 

PRICKET,  Sedum  acre. 

PRICKING,  Sax.  ppiccian,  (D.)  pricken, 
(F.)  Picotemeiit.  A  variety  of  pain,  compared  to 
that  which  pointed  bodies  would  occasion. 

PRIDE  OF  CHINA,  Melia  azedarach  — p.  of 
India,  Melia  azedarach  —  p.  Tree,  Melia  azeda- 
rach. 

PRIDEWEED.  Erigeron  Canadense. 

PRIEST-PHYSICIANS,  see  Asclepiadse. 

PRIEST'S  PINTLE,  Arum  maculatum. 

PRIM,  Ligustrum  vulgare. 

PRIMA  CELLA  COLI,  Ccecura. 

PRIM^  VliE,  (F.)  Premieres  voies.  'The 
first  passages.'  The  stomach  and  intestinal 
canal:  —  the  lacteals  heing  the  secmi'dce  vi'a  or 
'  second  passages.'     See  Ways,  digestive. 

PRIMARY  CELL,  see  Cell. 

PRIMEVBRE,  Primula  veris. 

PRIMIP'ARA,  Primipartu'riens,  (F.)  Primi- 
pare,  from  primus,  'first,'  and  parere,  'to  bring 
forth.'  A  name  given  to  a  female  who  brings 
forth  for  the  first  time. 

PRIMIPARTURIENS,  Primipara. 

PRIMI-STERNAL,  Primi-stema'lis,  hompri- 
viiis,  'the  first,'  and  sternum,  'the  sternum.'  M. 
Beclard  has  called  os  primi-sternal  ou  clavi-ster- 
ual,  the  bony  portion  of  the  sternum. 

PRIMIT"!^,  from  ^jri'mng,  'first.'  Theirs* 
waters,  or  the  icaters  discharged  before  the  ex- 
trusion of  the  foetus. 

PRIMITIVE  BAND,  see  Nerve  fibres  — p. 
Streak,  Groove,  primitive. 


PRIMORDIAL  CELL,  see  CelL 

PRIMORDIUxM,  Arche. 

PRIMROSE  EVENING,  (Enothera  biennis 
—  p.  Tree,  (Enothera  biennis. 

PRIMULA  OFFICINALIS,  P.  veris  — p.  Va-  " 
riabilis,  P.  veris. 

Prim'ula  A'eris,  p.  officina'lis  seu  variah'ilis, 
from  prim'ulus,  'first.'  So  called,  because  it 
flowers  in  the  beginning  of  the  spring.  Verbas'- 
culum,  Paral'ysis,  Herba  paralys'eos  sen  paraJyt'- 
ica,  the  Cowslip,  Paiyil  or  Peagle,  Herb  Peter, 
Palsyivort,  (Prov.)  Cow-striplings,  Cow-stropple, 
Crewel,  (F.)  Primevere,  Herbe  a  la  paralysie, 
Fleur  de  concou,  Oreille  d'ours,  Brairette ;  Ord. 
Primulacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
The  flowers  have  been  considered  to  be  mildly 
tonic,  antispasmodic,  and  anodyne. 

Primula  Vulga'ris.  The  leaves  and  roots  of 
this  plant  have  been  used  as  sternutatories. 

PRINCE  ARTHUR'S  FARINACEOUS 
FOOD,  see  Farinaceous. 

PRINCEPS,  Rectum. 

Princeps  Cekvi'cis  {Artery)  Cervical  Artery. 
A  branch  of  the  occipital  artery,  which  descends 
between  the  splenius  and  complexus  muscles,  and 
may  be  followed  down  to  the  lower  part  of  the 
neck. 

Princeps  Pol'licis  (Arteria),  Arte'ria  magna 
pol'Ucis.  When  the  two  collateral  arteries  of  the 
thumb  take  origin  from  a  common  trunk  —  the 
trunk  is  the  Princeps  pollicis. 

PRINCIPE  CR  YSTALLIZABLE  BE  BE- 
ROSNE,  Narcotine — j).  de  la  Ilelanose,  see 
Choroidea  tunica. 

PRINCIPES  IM31EDIATS,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

PRINCIPIUM,  Arche,  Element  — p.  Acidifi- 
cans.  Oxygen — p.  Adstringens,  Tannin — p.  Byr- 
sodepsicum.  Tannin  —  p.  Coriaceum.  Tannin — p. 
Ilydrogeneticum,  Hydrogen  —  p.  Hydroticum, 
Hydrogen — p.  Oxygenans,  Oxygen — p.  Salivale, 
see  Saliva  —  p.  Seytodepsicum,  Tannin  —  p.  Uri- 
nosum,  Urea. 

PRIN'CIPLE,  COL'OURING,  OF  THE 
BLOOD.  A  name,  given  to  the  immediate  prin- 
ciple in  animals,  to  which  the  blood  owes  its  red 
colour.  It  is  solid,  inodorous,  and  insipid.  When 
recently  separated  from  blood,  it  has  a  purple-red 
colour.  When  distilled,  it  furnishes,  amongst 
other  products,  a  purple  oil.  It  is  insoluble  in 
water;  but,  if  diluted  with  that  liquid,  acquires 
a  vinous-red  hue.  It  communicates  a  red  colour 
to  the  albumen  of  the  blood,  and  affords,  on  ana- 
lysis, iron,  to  which  the  colour  has  been  ascribed. 
See  Hsemaphaein,  and  Hsematin. 

Principle,  Digestive,  Pepsin  —  p.  Vital,  see 
Vital  principle. 

PRINCIPLES,  IMME'DIATE,  (F.)  Principes 
immediats,  3Iateriaux  immediats.  A  name  given 
to  a  considerable  number  of  substances,  composed 
of  at  least  three  elements,  and  which  are  obtained 
from  animals  and  vegetables  without  alteration, 
by  simple  processes,  and,  in  some  measure,  im- 
mediately. 

Principles,  Immediate,  of  Animals,  Proxi- 
mate principles,  Organic  Elements,  Compounds 
of  Organization.  These  are  divided  into  acid 
principles,  fatty  principles,  and  principles  which 
are  neither  fat  nor  acid.  The  first  include  the 
vric,  rosacic,  purpuric,  allantoic,  caseie,  butyric, 
&o.  The  fatty  principles  are:  —  stearin,  elain, 
cholesterin,  &c. ;  and  the  last  division  includes 
the  most  important  compounds  of  organization: 
— fibrin,  gelatin,  albumen,  casein,  osmazome,  &c. 

Principles,  Proximate,  P.  immediate. 

PRINOS  (of  the  ancients).  Ilex  aquifolium. 

Prinos,  p.  verticilla'tus,  Alcan'na  major  Idti- 
fo'lia  denia'ta,  Aquifo'lium  fo'liis  decid'nis,  Pri- 
nos Grono'vii  seu  padifo'lius,  Black  Alder,  Vir- 


PRION 


759 


PROCESSUS 


ginia  or  WJiorhd  Winterherri/,  Feverhiish,  (F.) 
ApnlacMiie  d  feuilles  de  Pninier.  Ord.  Aquifo- 
liaceae.  Sex.  Si/st.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  The 
bark  of  this  common  shrub  of  the  United  States 
—  Prinos,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  astringent,  bitter,  and 
pungent.  The  berries  are,  likewise,  bitter.  The 
bark  has  been  used  as  a  substitute  for  the  cincho- 
na, in  intermittents,  and  as  a  tonic. 

PuiNOS  Glaber,  see  P.  laevigatus — p.  Gronovii, 
Prinos. 

Prinos  L^VIGA'tds,  Smooth  Winterherry,  and 
Prinos  Glaber,  Inkherry.  Indigenous ;  have 
the  same  properties  as 

Prinos  Papifolius,  Prinos. 

PRION,  Saw. 

PRIONO'DES,  from  rpiwv,  'a  saw,'  and  tt^os, 
'  shape.'  Serra'ted.  Applied  to  the  sutures  of 
the  head. 

PRIOR,  'first,  foremost,'  as 

Prior  Annula'ris,  Interos'seKs  quartus  of 
Winslow.  An  internal  interosseous  muscle  which 
arises  from  the  outside  of  the  metacarpal  bone 
of  the  ring-finger,  and  is  inserted  into  the  outside 
of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  ring-finger. 
Its  use  is  to  draw  the  ring-finger  outwards. 

Prior  In'dicis,  Exten'sor  ter'til  intenw'dii  in'- 
dicis,  (F.)  Sous-metacarpo-lnteri-phalangieii.  It 
arises  from  the  outer  or  radial  side  of  the  meta- 
carpal bone  of  the  fore-finger,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  fore- 
finger. Action  :  —  to  draw  the  finger  outwards, 
towards  the  thumb. 

Prior  Indicis  Pedis,  Adductor  In'dicis  pedis. 
An  external,  interosseous  muscle  of  the  foot, 
which  arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the 
metatarsal  bones  of  the  great  and  fore  toes,  and 
is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the  first 
bone  of  the  fore-toe.  Action:  —  to  pull  the  fore- 
toe  inwards. 

Prior  Medii,  Prior  medii  digiti. 

Prior  Me'dii  Dig"iti,  Prior  Bledii,  Second 
interoa' seous  of  Douglas.  An  external,  interos- 
seous muscle  of  the  hand,  which  arises  from  the 
corresponding  sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of 
the  fore  and  middle  fingers,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the 
middle  finger.  Action:  —  to  draw  the  middle 
finger  outwards. 

Prior  Mepii  Digiti  Pedis,  Adductor  medii  di- 
giti pedis.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle  of 
the  foot,  which  arises  from  the  inside  of  the  me- 
tatarsal bone  of  the  middle  toe,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the 
middle  toe.  Use:  —  to  pull  the  middle  toe  in- 
wards, or  towards  the  inner  side  of  the  foot. 

Prior  Min'imi  Digiti,  Adduc'lor  min'imi  dig"- 
iti.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle  of  the  foot, 
■which  originates  from  the  inside  of  the  metatar- 
sal bone  of  the  little  toe,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
inside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  little 
toe.     Action:  —  to  pull  the  little  toe  inwards. 

Prior  Tertii  Digiti  Pedis,  Adduc'tor  tertii 
dig"iti  pedis.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle 
of  the  foot,  which  arises  from  the  inner  and  un- 
der part  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  third  of 
the  small  toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inside  of 
the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  third  of  the  small 
toes.  Action :  —  to  pull  the  third  of  the  small 
toes  inwards. 

PRISTS,  Brygraus,  Trepanning. 

PRISMA,  Scobs. 

PRYSMUS,  Brygmus.  Trepanning. 

PRIVATE  PARTS,  Genital  organs, 

PRIVET,  Ligustrum  vulgare. 

PRIVITIES,  Genital  organs. 

PRIVY,  Ligustrum  vulgare — p.  Members,  Ge- 
nital organs  —  p.  Parts,  Genital  organs. 

PRO,  irpo,  'before.'  A  common  prefix  to  words, 
as  in  Procatarctie,  Prostate,  &c. 


PROAGOREUSIS,  Prognosis. 

PROBANG,  Sponge-probaug,  Detruso'rium  ex 
hcde'na.  Allied  to  probe.  A  long  slender  rod  of 
whalebone,  with  a  piece  of  sponge  at  its  extremity, 
intended  to  push  down  extraneous  bodies,  arrested 
in  the  cesophagus,  into  the  stomach.  A  similar 
instrument  is  called  by  J.  L.  V silt,  Eeijoussoir 
d'aretes. 

PROBARBIUM,  Geneias. 

PROBASCANIUM,  Amuletum. 

PROBASCANTIUM,  Amuletum. 

PROBE,  Catheterize,  Specillum — p.  Eyed,  see 
Specillum. 

PROBING,  see  Melosis. 

PROBOLE,  Processus. 

PROCARDIUM,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

PROCEDE,  Process. 

PROCEDURE,  ProcedL 

PROCEPHALI,  Capitones. 

PROCERUS  NASI,  Pyramidalis  nasi. 

PROCES,  Process — p.  Ciliairea,  Ciliary  pro- 
cesses. 

PROCESS,  Apophysis,  Processus. 

Proc''£SS,  Ratio,  (F.)  Procede,  from  procedere, 
proeessum,  '  to  march  forwards.'  Procedure,  — 
method  of  performing  any  operation,  chemical, 
pharmaceutical,  or  surgical. 

Process,  Cuneiform,  Basilary  process  —  p. 
Modelling,  see  Modelling  Process  —  p.  of  Ran, 
see  Malleus  —  p.  Vertical  superior  longitudinal, 
Falx  cerebri. 

PROCES'SUS.  A  process;  same  etymon; 
Projectu'ra,  Prob'ole,  (F.)  Proces.  An  apophy- 
sis or  eminence  of  a  bone  ;  see  Apophysis.  Also, 
any  part  which  seems  prolonged  beyond  others 
with  which  it  is  in  connexion  ;  as  the  Ciliary 
IDrocessos. 

Processus  Anconeus,  Olecranon — p.  Annu- 
laris, Pons  Varolii  —  p.  Ascendens,  see  Maxillary 
bone,  (superior)— p.  Belenoides,  see  Belenoid — p. 
Blumenbachii,  Unciform  process  —  p.  Caudatus, 
Lobulus  caudatus — ^p.  a  Cerebello  ad  medullam 
oblongata m.  Corpora  restiformia — p.  Cerebelli  ad 
pontem,  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum  —  p.  Cere- 
belli ad  testes.  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum — p. 
Cerebri  lateralis,  Cornu  ammonis  —  p.  Ciliares, 
Ciliary  processes  —  p.  Clavatus,  see  Funiculi  gra- 
ciles — p.  Cochleariformis,  see  Tympanum — p.  Cu- 
neiformis  ossis  occipitis,  Basilary  process — p.  En- 
siformes,  see  Sphenoid  bone — p.  Enteroidei  cere- 
bri. Convolutions  (cerebral)  —  p.  Falciformis 
cerebelli,  Falx  cerebelli — p.  Falciformis  durae 
matris,  Falx  cerebri — p.  Frontalis,  see  Maxillary 
bone,  (superior) — p.  Gracilis  of  Rau,  see  Malleus 

—  p.  Laterales  uteri,  Tubse  Fallopiante  —  p.  Ma- 
millares.  Papillae  of  the  kidney,  Olfactory  nerves 
— p.  Mamillares  cerebri.  Mamillary  tubercles — p. 
Mastoideus,  Mastoid  process  —  p.  Nasalis,  see 
Maxillary  bone  (superior)  —  p.  Olivaris,  Olivary 
Process  —  p.  Orbicularis  cerebri,  Infundibulum 
of  the  brain  —  p.  Papillares,  Olfactory  nerves — p. 
Papillarum,  Olfactory  nerves  —  p.  Rachidianus, 
Medulla  spinalis — p.  Sterni  xiphoideus.  Xiphoid. 

Proces'sus  Ter'etes,  Eminen'tia  sen  Fuscic'- 
tdi  ter'etes.  Two  slightly  convex  bodies  forming 
the  anterior  wall  or  floor  of  the  fourth  ventricle 
of  the  brain.  They  are  separated  by  a  longitu- 
dinal groove,  which  is  continuous,  inferiorly,  with 
the  sulcus  longitudinalis  posterior  of  the  spinal 
cord.  They  are  crossed  transversely  by  several 
white  and  gray  fasciculi — lineas  transver'sa;,  stricB 
medulla'res  —  the  origin  of  the  auditory  nerves. 

Processus  ad  Testes,  see  Valvula  Vieussenii 

—  p.  Transvcrsus  durae  matris.  Tentorium  —  p. 
Uncinatus,  Olecranon,  Unciform  process,  see  Co- 
raeoid  process  —  p.  Uvifer,  Uvula — p.  Ventriculi, 
Duodenum  —  p.  Xiphoides,  Xiphoid  cartilage  — 


PROCHEILA 


760 


PROEOTIA 


p.  Xipto-sternalis,  Xiphoid  cartilage  —  p.  Zygo- 
maticus,  Zygomatic  process. 

PROCHEILA,  Antelabia. 

PROCIIEILIDION,  Procheilon. 

PROCHEI'LON,  Prochellid'ion,  Prola'hhim, 
Antela'biitm,  from  pro,  and  ;\;£(Xos,  'a  lip.'  The 
extreme  projecting  part  or  margin  of  the  lips. 

PROCHEUMA,  Parenchyma. 

PROCIDENGE  BE  L' CEIL,  Exophthalmia. 

PROCIDENTIA,  Prolapsus  — p.  Ani.  Procto- 
cele— p.  Intestini  recti,  Proctocele — p.  Iridis,  Sta- 
phyloma of  the  Iris  —  p.  Oculi,  Exophthalmia  — 
p.  Sedis,  Proctocele  —  p.  Uteri,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

PROCXEMB,  Tibia. 

PROCNExMIUM,  Tibia. 

PROCCE'LIUS,  Proooe'lus,  from  pro,  and  Koi\ia, 
'belly.'  One  who  has  a  large  pendulous  ab- 
domen. 

PROCCELUS,  Procoelius. 

PROCON'DYLUS,  npoKovSvXos,  from  pro,  and 
Kov^vXoi,  'a  knot.'  The  first  joint  of  the  fingers; 
the  second  being  called  kovSvXos  ;  the  third  iicra- 
KovivXos, 

PROCREATIO,  Generation  — p.  Sanguinis, 
Haematosis. 

PROCREATION,  Fecundation,  Generation. 

PROC'TAGRA,  from  irpoi/crof,  'anus,' and  aypa, 
'seizure.'     Gout  in  the  rectum.     Proctalgia. 

PROCTAL'GIA,  Proc'tiea  simpler,  Proc'ta- 
gra.  Dolor  ani,  Proetoclyn'ia,  from  TzpcoKTo;,  'the 
anus,'  and  aXyo;,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  anus:  ge- 
nerally symptomatic  of  disease,  as  of  hemorrhoids, 
scirrhus,  &c. 

Proctalgia,  Clunesia  —  p.  Haeraorrhoidalis, 
Ilaemorrhois — p.  Inflammatoria,  Rectitis  —  p. 
Intertriginosa,  Chafing  —  p.  Rheumatica,  Proc- 
torrheuma. 

PROCTATRE'SIA,  Imper/ora'tio  ani,  from 
■rtpiiiKTog,  'the  anus,'  and  arp^/o-ia,  '  imperforation.' 
Imperforate  state  of  the  anus. 

PROC'TICA,  from  n-pa»crof,  'the  anus.'  Pain 
or  derangement  about  the  anus,  without  primary 
inflammation.  A  genus  in  the  class  Coeliaca, 
order  Enterica,  of  Good. 

Proctica  Exania,  Proctocele  —  p.  Marisca, 
Ilaemorrhois  —  p.  Simplex,  Proctalgia — p.  Tenes- 
mus, Tenesmus. 

PROCTISIS.  Proctitis. 

PROCTI'TIS,  Proc'tisis,  Archi'tis,  Clnne'sia, 
Ci/sso'tis,  from  TrpwKrof,  'the  anus,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  anus 
and  rectum.     Rectitis. 

Proctitis  Gangrenosa,  Proctocace. 

PROCTOC'ACE,  Procti'tis  gmigrcB'nosa,  from 
xpu)KTos,  '  the  anus,'  and  KaKog,  '  evil.'  A  disease 
of  the  rectum,  so  called  by  Fuchs,  which,  accord- 
ing to  him,  is  common  in  Peru,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Quito  and  Lima,  on  the  Honduras  and 
Mosquito  coasts,  in  Brazil,  and  on  the  Gold  coast, 
&c.  It  is  called  by  the  Portuguese,  Bicho,  and 
Bicho  di  Onto  ;  by  the  people  of  Quito,  Mai  del 
Valle,  from  its  prevalence  in  the  valleys;  and  in 
Africa,  Bitios  de  Kin.  It  is  an  adynamic,  inflam- 
matory condition,  frequently  ending  in  gangrene. 
It  has  been  attributed  to  bad  food,  and  the  use 
of  spices. 

PROCTOCE'LB,  from  vpiaKTos,  'the  anus,'  and 
KriXt],  'hernia.'  Prolap'sus  Ani,  Proclopto'ma, 
Prooropto'sis,  Procfo'sis,  Hedroce'le,  Arcfteopfo'- 
ma,  Arehecplo'ma,  Archopfo'ma,  Archeoce'le,  Ar. 
choplo'sis,  Exa'nin,  Hcemor'rhois  proce'deni  seu 
ab  exa'nid,  Prociden'tia  Ani  seu  intesti'ni  recti 
seu  sedis,  Ecto'pin  Ani,  Sedes  procid'iia,  Falling 
down  of  the  Fundament,  Coming  down  of  the 
Body,  (P.)  Chute  dn  rectum,  0.  dii  Fondement, 
Renversement  dn  rectum.  Inversion  and  prolapse 
of  the  mucous  coat  of  the  rectum,  from  relaxation 
of  the  sphincter,  with  more  or  less  swelling.  In 
the  treatment,  the  application  of  cold  water  and 


astringent  lotions  must  be  recommended:  and 
if  other  means  fail,  one  of  the  radii  of  skin,  which 
converge  at  the  anus,  may  be  snipped  off.  On 
cicatrizing,  the  verge  of  the  anus  will  be  con- 
tracted, and  the  cure  probably  complete.  In  the 
way  of  palliation,  the  parts  may  be  retained  by 
an  appropriate  bandage. 

PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 

PROCTODYNIA,  Proctalgia. 

PROCTON'CUS,  from  tt/jwktoj,  'anus,'  and 
oyKoi;,  '  swelling.'     Swelling  of  the  anus. 

PROCTOPARAL'YSIS,  Proctople'gia,  ParaV- 
ysis  Intesti'ni  Recti,  from  jrpuKTos,  'the  anus,' and 
TTapaXvai;,  'paralysis.'  Paralysis  of  the  muscles 
of  the  rectum. 

PROCTOPLEGIA,  Proctoparalysis. 

PROCTOPTOMA,  Proctocele. 

PROCTOPTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

PROCTORRHAGIA,  Haemorrhoidal  flux. 

PROCTORRHEU'MA,  from  Trpu-crof,  'anus,' 
and  pcvpia.  'deflusion.'     Ptheumatism  of  the  anus. 

PROCTORRHCE'A,  from  Trpuixrog,  'the  anus,' 
and  pto),  'I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  blood  or  slime 
from  the  anus.     See  Haemorrhois. 

PROCTOS,  Anus. 

PROCTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

PROCTOSPASMUS,  Tenesmus. 

PROCTOSTENOSIS  ORGANICA,  Stricture 
of  the  rectum. 

PROCTOTOREU'SIS,  from  vpuKTos,  'anus,' 
and  Topvtiv, '  to  perforate.'  Perforation  of  a  closed 
anus. 

PROCTUS,  Anus. 

PROCURATIO  ABORTUS.  The  promotion 
af  abortion. 

PRODIAGNO'SIS,  from  pro,  and  diagnosis. 
Prognostication  of  a  disease  to  come, — a  diag- 
nosis by  anticipation. 

PROD'ROMIC,  Prodrom'icus,  (F.)  Prodro- 
mique.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating,  or 
belonging,  to  the  prodromus  of  a  disease. 

PROD'ROMUS,  Propath'ia,  from  pro,  and 
Spoiio;,  'course,'  (F.)  Prodrome.  Sta'dinm  op- 
portunita'tis  seu  prodromo' rum  :  in  contagious 
diseases,  Sta'dium  laten'tis  conta'gii.  The  period 
immediately  preceding  an  attack  of  disease;  in 
which  the  precursory  signs  occur. 

PROD'UCT,  from  producere,  productum,  (pro, 
and  ducere,  '  to  lead,')  '  to  bring  forth.'  (F.)  Pro- 
dnit.  The  result  sought  to  be  attained  by  any 
pharmaceutical  operation. 

PRODUCTIO,  Prolapsus— p.  Uvulae  a  pituita, 
Staphvloedema. 

PRODUCTION,  Prodnc'fio;  same  etymon. 
This  word  is  used,  especially  by  the  French, 
synonymously  with  prolongation.  The  mesentery 
is,  in  this  sense,  a  production  of  the  peritoneum. 

PRODUCTION  AOCIDENTELLE.  An  ac- 
cidental or  adventitious  structure, 

PBODUCTIVITAS,  Fecundity, 

PRODUIT,  Product. 

PROEGUMEN^  CAUS^,  Gauses,  predispo- 
nent. 

PRCELIUM,  Press,  Tourniquet. 

PROEM'INENT,  Proem'inens,  from  pro,  and 
eminere,  'to  project.'  Some  anatomists  esill  the 
7th  cervical  vertebra  the  proeminent  vertebra,  on 
account  of  the  length  of  its  spinous  process, 
which  passes  the  level  of  that  of  the  neighbour- 
ing vertebrae. 

PROENCEPH'ALUS,(F.)  ProencijAale  ;  from 
pro,  and  tyxecpaXoi,  'encephalon.'  A  monster, 
whose  encephalon  is  situated,  in  a  great  measure, 
out  of,  and  in  advance  of,  the  cranium,  which  is 
open  in  the  frontal  region. 

PRQiOT'IA,  Proi'otea,  Trpiatortj!  or  rpoioTrj;, 
from  jrpwi,  '  early.'  'Precocity.'  Prascox  matu'- 
ritas,  Preco'cious  matu'rity.  Premature  develop, 
ment  of  sexual  organization  or  power.  —  Good. 


PROFLUVII   CORTEX 


761 


PROLES 


PROFLUVII  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidysente- 
rieum. 

PROFLU'VIUM,  Discharge,  Fluxus,  Polyr- 
rhoe'a,  Flux  ;  from  profluo,  (pro,  and  Jlno,)  '1  flow 
forth.'  A  term  under  which — in  the  plural,  Pro- 
fiu'via,  Polycrino'ses  —  some  nosologists  have 
comprised  all  morbid  discharges  or  fluxes :  — 
others,  increased  excretions  attended  by  fever. 

Profldvium  Alvi,  Diarrhoea — p.  Genitale  mu- 
liebre,  Menses — p.  Mueosum  urethrae,  Gonorrhoea 

—  p.  Muliebre,  Leucorrhoea,  Menses  —  p.  Sangu- 
inis, Haemorrhagia — p.  Sanguinis  e  Renibus,  Ne- 
phrorrhagia — p.  Sanguinis  ex  Ore,  Stomatorrhagia 

—  p.  Sanguinis  ex  Utero,  Metrorrhagia  —  p.  Se- 
minis,  Pollution — p.  Ventris,  Diarrhoea. 

PRO  FOND,  Profundus. 

PROFUN'DUS,  {pro,  and  fundus,  'bottom.') 
Alius,  'having  a  deep  base.'  (F.)  Pro/oiid.  A 
name  given  to  different  parts,  which  are  seated 
profoundly  as  regards  others. 

PROFaNDA  Arte'ria  FEji'onis,  A.  vasta  jioste' - 
rior  seu  muscula'ris  fem'oris,  Artere-graude  miis- 
culaire  de  la  cuisse.  (Ch.)  This  large  branch 
arises  commonly  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
crural,  between  the  pubis  and  lesser  trochanter. 
It  descends  deeply,  situate  before  the  adductors  ; 
passes  through  the  third  adductor  above  the 
opening  in  it  for  the  trunk  of  the  femoral  ;  and 
terminates  in  the  short  portion  of  the  biceps. 
The  mascularis prof unda  gives  otF,  1.  The  external 
circumflex:  2.  The  internal  circumjiex :  and,  3. 
The  three  perforantes. 

Profunda  Arte'ria  Hu'jieri,  P.  supe'rior, 
Arte'ria  spira'lis,  (F.)  Artere  humerale  prtfonde, 
A.  collaterale  externe.  Grand  mnsculnire  da  bras, 
(Ch.)  Its  origin  is  variable.  When  it  arises  from 
the  brachial  artery,  it  is  given  off  opposite  the 
groove  of  the  humerus  destined  for  the  radial 
nerve,  and  descends  backwards  between  the  three 
portions  of  the  triceps,  accompanied  by  the  nerve  ; 
giving  branches  to  that  muscle  and  to  the  hume- 
rus. When  it  reaches  the  posterior  part  of  the 
bone,  it  divides  into  two  branches,  which  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  triceps,  supinator  longus,  ifcc. 

Profunda  Arteria  Inferior  seu  Minor  is 
often  a  branch  of  the  last;  but,  commonly,  is 
given  off  from  the  brachial,  near  the  middle  of 
the  arm.  It  gives  off  branches  to  the  muscles, 
&c.,  about  the  inner  side  of  the  os  humeri.  It 
is,  also,  called  large  communicating  ulnar  or  pro- 
fundo-idnar. 

Profunda  Arteria  Penis.  Chaussier  has 
given  this  name  to  the  cav'ernous  ar'tery,  which 
arises  from  the  artery  of  the  penis,  furnished  by 
the  internal  pudic. 

Profunda  Arteria  Superior,  Profunda  hu- 
meri. 

Certain  muscles  are  distinguished  by  the  names 
profound  or  deep-seated,  and  superficial.  Thus, 
we  speak  of  the  superficial  and  deep-seated  mus- 
cles of  the  neck,  &c. ;  the  Flexor  pirofundus  per- 
forans,  &c. 

PROFUSIO,  Heemorrhagia. 
Profusio  Aqu^.     The  discharge  or  breaking 
of  the  waters  at  birth. 

Profusio  Sanguinis,  Haemorrhagia  —  p.  Se- 
minis.  Ejaculation  —  p.  Subcutanea,  Purpura 
simplex. 

PROGAS'TOR,  from  pro,  and  y'^'^'^'lp,  '  belly.' 
One  who  has  a  pendulous  belly. 
PROGENIES,  Epigone. 
PROGENY,  Epigone. 

PROGLOS'SIS,  from  pro,  and  y^uKTja,  'the 
tongue ;'  Apex  lingum.  The  extremity  or  tip  of 
the  tongue. 

PROGNA'THOUS,  from  pro,  and  yvados,  'the 
jaw.'  Having  a  projecting  jaw.  A  term  applied 
to  the  form  of  the  head  in  which  there  is  a  pro- 


longation or  forward  extension  of  the  jaws,  as  in 
the  negro. 

PROGNO'SIS,  Proagoreu'sis,  Prorrhe'ais, 
PrcBcognit"io,  Prognos'ttce,  Prceno'tio,  FrcBuun- 
tia'tio,Pr(sscien'tia,  PrcBScit"io,  Pronce'a,  Pruph'- 
asis,  Pradic'tio,  (F.)  Prognostic,  Pronostic,  from 
pro,  and  yvuiais,  '  knowledge.'  A  judgment  formed 
by  the  physician  regarding  the  future  progress 
and  termination  of  any  disease. 

Prognosis,  General.  The  opinion  formed 
of  a  disease  in  the  abstract.  Thus,  the  Gene- 
ral prognosis  of  Oynanehe  tonsillaris  is  favour- 
able;—  of  Phthisis  pulmonalis,  unfavourable, 
&c. 

Prognosis,  Particular.  The  opinion  formed 
of  any  particular  case  of  disease.  The  particular 
prognosis  of  one  case  of  typhus,  for  example,  may 
be  favourable,  whilst  that  of  another  may  be  un- 
favourable. 

Prognosis  ex  Lingua,  Glossomantia. 

PROGNOSTIC,  Prognosis. 

PROGNOSTICE,  Prognosis. 

PROGRESSIO,  Augmentation. 

PROGRESSION,  Walking. 

PROGRESSUS,  Augmentation. 

PROIOTES,  Prajotia. 

PRO.JECTURA,  Process. 

PROLABIUM,  Procheilon. 

PROLAP'SUS,  irom  prolabnr,  prolapsus,  (prot 
and  labor,  lapsus,  '  to  slide,')  '  I  slip  down.'  Pro- 
ciden'tia,  Delap'sio,  Delap'sus,  Hypor'rJiysis, 
Propto'ma,  Propto'sis,  Produc'tio,  Propenden'tia, 
Prominen'tia,  Ptosis,  Casus,  (F.)  Chute;  a  2)ro- 
trusion  ;  a  falling  down.  A  genus  of  diseases  in 
the  class  Locales  and  order  Ectopics  of  CuUen, 
distinguished  by  the  falling  down  of  a  part 
through  the  orifice  with  which  it  is  naturally 
connected. 

Prolapsus  Ani,  Proctocele  —  p.  Bulbi  oculi, 
Exophthalmia  —  p.  Corneae,  Staphyloma  of  the 
cornea — p.  Iridis,  Ptosis  iridis — p.  Linguae,  Glos- 
socele,  Paraglossa  —  p.  CEsophagi,  Pharyngocele 
—  p.  Palpebras,  Blepharoptosis  —  p.  Pharyngis, 
Pharyngocele — p.  Umbilici,  Exomphalus. 

Prolapsus  U'tehi,  Exome'tra,  Jletropto'sis, 
Metropropto'sis,  Orthysteropto'sis,  Orthysteroj^to'- 
ma,  Falling  doion  of  the  womb,  yEdopto' sis  seu 
Prociden'tia  u'teri,  Hysteropto'sis,  Hysteroce'le 
nuda,  (F.)  Ahaissement  ou  Chute  ou  Descents  ou 
Precipitation  de  la  matrice.  Some  use  the  term 
'  Procidentia  Uteri'  for  a  minor  degree  of  the 
affection  than  prolapsus;  —  Relaxatio  vteri  ex- 
pressing the  slightest  state  of  all.  A  falling  down 
of  the  uterus,  owing  to  relaxation  of  the  parts 
about  the  utero-vaginal  region.  In  the  treat- 
ment, the  horizontal  posture  must  be  insisted 
upon;  the  injection  of  astringent  substances  pec 
vaginam  be  advised;  and  if  the  affection  be  not 
remedied  by  these  means,  a  pessarj'  may  he  em- 
ployed as  a  palliative,  or  the  operation  of  Episi- 
orraphy  be  performed. 

Prolapsus  Uvul^,  Staphyloedema. 
Prolapsus  Vagi'n^,  Hysteropto'sis  seu   Pro- 
lapsus   jEdoptosis   VagincB,    Coleopto'sis,   Colpop- 
to'sis,    Elytropto'sis  —  Protrusion   of   the    upier 
part  of  the  vagina  into  the  lower.     This,  like  the 
descent  of  the  uterus,  may  be  relaxation,  proci- 
dentia, prolapsus,  or  complete  inversion. 
Prolapsus  Vesica,  Exocyste. 
PROLECTA'TIO;  from  pro,  and   legere,  lee- 
turn,  'to  gather.'     Action  of  separating  the  finer 
parts  of  a  body  from  the  grosser. 

PROLEP'TICS,  Prolep'tice,  from  pro,  and 
\aiJ0avw,  'I  seize  hold  of.'  A  terra  proposed 
by  Dr.  Laycock  to  signify  the  art  and  science  of 
predicting  in  medicine. 

PROLEPTICUS,  Anticipating. 
PROLES,  Epigone. 


PROLICIDE 


62 


PROSOPANTRITIS 


PPiOL'ICIDE,  Prolieid'ium,  from  proles  {pro, 
and  olescere,  '  to  grow,'),  '  offspring,'  and  cadere, 
'  to  kill.'  Destruction  of  offspring  :  a  term  which 
includes  foeticide  as  well  as  infanticide. 

PKOLIF'IC,  ProUf'icus,  (F.)  Prolifiqne,  from 
proles,  '  offspring,'  and  facio,  '  I  make.'  That 
which  has  the  faculty  of  engendering.  Applied 
to  man,  and  animals,  and  to  their  sperm  or  seed; 
as  well  as  to  remedies,  which,  by  strengthening 
the  genital  organs,  increase  the  secretion  of 
sperm. 

PROLrG"EROUS,  Pro'Uger,  Prolig^'erus, 
from  proles,  '  offspring,'  and  jrero,  '  I  carry.'  That 
which  is  connected  with  carrying  the  offspring. 

Proligerous  Disc  or  Layer,  Biscus  proliy"- 
erus  seu  vitell'inus.  Stratum  proli(j"erum,  Gonos- 
tro'ma,  (F.)  Disque proUgerc.  A  granular  layer, 
situate  generally  towards  the  most  prominent 
part  of  the  ovarian  vesicle,  in  the  centre  of  which 
the  true  ovum  or  ovule  exists. — Von  Baer. 

PROLONGEMENT  RACHIDIEN,  Medulla 
spinalis  —  p.  Sous-occipital,  Basilary  process. 

PROMALACTE'RIUJLfrompro.and/iaAairtru, 
'  I  soften.'  The  room,  in  the  ancient  gymnasium, 
in  which  the  body  was  softened  and  anointed. 
One  of  the  operations  in  bathing. 

PROMANUS,  see  Digitus,  Pollex. 

PROMETOPIDIA,  Frontal  bandages. 

PROMETO'PIS,  Prometopid'ion,  from  pro, 
and  jitTiiinov,  '  the  forehead.'  The  skin  of  the  fore- 
head. 

PROMINENTIA,  Prolapsus,  Protuberance  — 
p.  Annularis  Cerebri,  Pons  Varolii  —  p.  Corneas, 
Ceratocele  —  p.  Ossis  Continua,  Apophysis. 

PROMINENTIA  ALBICANTES,  Mammil- 
lary  tubercles — p.  Semiovales  Medullae  Oblonga- 
tae.  Corpora  olivaria. 

PROMONTOfRE,  Promontorium. 

PROMONTORIUM,  Promontory —  p.  Faciei, 
Nasus  —  p.  Ossis  Sacri,  see  Sacrum. 

PROM'ONTORT,  Promonto'rium,  (F.)  Pro- 
montoire  (from  ^jro  and  mons,  montis,  'a  moun- 
tain,') seu  Tuber  seu  Tuheros'itas  Tym'pani.  A 
small  projection  at  the  inner  paries  of  the  cavity 
of  the  tympanum,  which  corresponds  to  the  ex- 
ternal scala  of  the  cochlea,  and  especially  to  the 
outer  side  of  the  vestibule. 

Promontory  of  the  SACRnir,  see  Sacrum. 

PRONATEUR  CARRE.  Pronator  radii  qua- 
dratus — -p.  Grand  ou  roiul,  Pronator  radii  teres — 
p.  Petit.  Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

PRONA'TION,  Prona'tio,  from  pronus,  'in- 
clined forwards.'  Anatomists  understand,  by 
pronation,  the  motion  by  which  the  inferior  ex- 
tremity of  the  radius  passes  before  the  ulna,  and 
thus  causes  the  hand  to  execute  a  kind  of  rotation 
from  without  inwards. 

PRONA'TOR.  That  which  produces  the  mo- 
tion of  pronation.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
two  of  the  muscles  of  the  forearm. 

Pronator  Obliquus,  P.  radii  teres — p.  Qua- 
dratus, P.  radii  quadratus. 

Pronator  Ra'dii  Quadra'tus,  P.  quadratus 
seu  traiisvers'ua  (Winslow)  seu  radii  brevis  seu 
radii  quadratus  (Cowper),  Quadratus  ra'dii,  (F.) 
Cubito-radial  (Ch.),  Petit  ou  carre  pronateur. 
This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  anterior,  inferior, 
and  profound  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  flat  and 
square,  and  is  attached,  within,  to  the  inferior 
quarter  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  ulna;  and, 
■without,  to  the  inferior  quarter  of  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  radius.  It  produces  the  motion 
of  pronation. 

Pronator  Radh  Teres,  P.  teres  sive  obli'quun 
(Winslow),  (F.)  Epitrochlo-radinl  (Ch.),  Grand 
ou  roud  pronateur.  A  muscle  seated  at  the  upper 
and  anterior  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  long,  flat, 
and  larger  above  than  below.  It  is  attached,  Jj 
above,  to  the  inner  tuberosity  of  the  humerus  and  i 


to  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna.  Thence  it 
passes  obliquely  downwards  and  outwards,  and 
terminates  at  the  middle  of  the  outer  suiiace  of 
the  radius.  It  causes  the  radius  to  turn  on  the 
ulna,  to  produce  the  motion  of  pronation.  It 
can,  also,  bend  the  forearm  on  the  arm,  and  con- 
versely. 

Pronator  Teres,  P.  radii  teres. 

PRONAUS,  Vestibulum. 

PRONERVATIO,  Aponeurosis,  Tendon. 

PRON(EA,  Prognosis. 

PR  OK  0  NOT  A  TION,  Pronunciation. 

PRONOSTIO,  Prognosis. 

PRONUNCIA'TION,  Promincia'tio,  (F.)  Pro- 
nonciation,  from  pro  and  nunciare,  '  to  tell.'  The 
mode  of  articulating  or  giving  accent  or  utterance 
to  words. 

PROPATHIA,  Prodromus. 

PROPENDENTIA,  Prolapsus. 

PROP'ERTIES,  PHYSICAL,  OF  THE  TIS- 
SUES. These  are  flexibility,  extensibility,  elas- 
ticity, racornissement  and  imbibition. 

Properties,  Vital.  Those  which  depend  upon 
the  vital  force,  as  contractu' ity. 

PROPHASIS,  Prognosis. 

PROPHYLACTIC,  Prophylac'ticus,  DiapTiy- 
lac'tic,  Diasos'tic,  Synteret'icus,  PrcBservaio' rius, 
(F.)  Prophylactique,  from  ^^ro,  and  (pv\aaau>,  'I 
defend.'     A  preservative  or  preventive. 

PROPHYLACTIC  MEDICINE,  Hygiene. 

VYyOVB.Y'LKX'l?,,Prophyl'aee,Projyhylac'tice, 
Syntere' sis.  Same  etymon.  Prmserva'tio.  Pra- 
cau'tio,  Pracusto'dia.  Preservative  or  preventive 
treatment. 

PROP'OLIS,  from  pro,  and  voli;,  'city;'  lite- 
rally, 'that  which  is  before  the  city.'  C'erunthe'- 
mus,  Commo'sis,  Bee-bread.  A  red,  resinous  mat- 
ter, with  which  the  bees  cover  the  bottom  of  the 
hive.    Its  fume  has  been  esteemed  antiasthmatic, 

PROP'OMA,  from  pro,  and  irona,  '  :t  drink.' 
Ancient  name  of  a  medicine,  composed  of  seven 
parts  of  honey  and  four  of  wine.  It  was  drunk 
before  a  meal. — Paulus  of  .Agina. 

PROPORTIO,  Symmetry. 

PROPOSITUM,  Intention. 

PROPOTISMA,  Mistura. 

PROPOTIS'MUS,  TtpoTOTKT^LOs.  Same  etymon. 
Pratpo'tio.  An  ancient  name  for  medicines  which 
were  given  to  the  patients  before  purging  them, 
and,  in  some  sort,  to  prepare  them. 

PROPRIUS  AURIUS  EXTERN.^,  Retrahens 
auris. 

PROPTOMA,  Prolapsus. 

Propto'jia  Auricula'rum,  Parasihe' aia  audi'- 
tUs  Jiacca,  Flap  Ear.  Lobe  of  the  ear  broad, 
loose,  and  pendent  from  birth. — Good. 

Proptoma  Scroti,  Rachosis. 

PROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  —  p.  Palpcbrae,  Ble- 
pharoptosis  —  p.  Uvulae,  Staphyloedema. 

PROPTYSIS,  Expectoration. 

PRORA,  Occiput. 

PRORRHESIS,  Prognosis. 

PRORUPTIO  SANGUINIS,  Heemorrhagia. 

PROS,  Trpoj.  In  composition,  this  prefix  gene- 
rally signifies  'in  addition  to,'  'over  and  above,' 
'  besides.' 

PROSARTHROSIS,  Diarthrosis. 

PROSBOLE,  Impression. 

PROSCHYSIS.  Affusion. 

PROSCOLLESIS,  Adherence,  Agglutination. 

PROSECTEUR,  Dissector. 

PROSECTIO,  Anatomy. 

PROSECTOR,  Dissector. 

PROSLEPSIS,  Prehension. 

PROSODOS,  Aditus. 

PROSOPALGIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

PROSOPANTRA,  Frontal  sinuses. 

PROSOPANTRI'TIS,  from  prosojxintra,  the 


PROSOPARALYSIS 


763 


PROTEINOUS 


frontal  sinuses,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  frontal  sinuses. 

PROSOPARALYSIS,  Palsy,  Bell's. 

PROSO'PIS  DULCIS,  Ord.  Leguminosje.  A 
tree  of  rather  large  size,  native  of  Peru.  The 
fruit  —  Pacay  —  is  a  pod,  from  20  to  24  inches 
long,  containing  black  seeds  imbedded  in  a  white, 
soft,  flaky  substance ;  which  last  is  eaten  by  the 
Limenos  with  pleasure. — Tschudi. 

PROSOPODYNIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

PROSOPODYSMOR'PHIA,  from  Tpoau>7Tov, 
'  the  face,'  &vi,  'with  diSiculty,'  and  /iop0»7,  '  shape.' 
Malformation  or  atrophy  of  the  face,  —  as  where 
the  process  of  nutrition  suffers  from  diminished 
nervous  influence. 

PROSOPOLOGIA,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPOMANTIA,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPON,  Pace. 

PROSOPORRHEU'MA,  Ehenmath'mns  fa'- 
ciei,  from  -npoawnov,  'face,'  and  ptv/ja,  '  defluxion,' 
'rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  affecting  the  face. 

PROSOPOSIS,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPOSPASMUS,  Canine  Laugh. 

PROSOPOSTERNODYMIA,  see  Cephaloso- 
matodvmia. 

PROSPERITAS  VALETUDINIS,  Sanitas. 

PROSPHORA,  Prehension. 

PROS'PHYSIS,  Adiiaacen'tm,  CoalW'io,  'ad- 
hesion, adherence,  connexion,'  from  joros,  and 
0UU),  •  I  grow.'  In  a  more  limited  sense,  this 
word  means  morbid  adhesion  of  the  eyelids, 
either  between  themselves,  or  with  the  globe  of 
the  eye;  Anlcylohleph' aron. 

PROS'TASIS,  jrpoiTTaai;,  from  rpo,  and  craai;, 
'station,'  'superiority,  preponderance;'  same 
etymon  as  Prostate.  A  predominance  or  abun- 
dance of  excrementitious  humour. — Hippocrates. 

PROSTATA,  Prostate— p.  Adenoides,  Pros- 
tate—  p.  Bartholini,  Cowper's  glands  in  the  fe- 
male— p.  Glandula,  Prostate — p.  Muliebris,  Cow- 
per's glands  in  the  female. 

PROSTATA,  Prostate  — p.  Adenoides,  Pros- 
tate— p.  Glandulosae,  Prostate. 

PROSTATAL.  Prostatic. 

PROSTATAL'GIA,  from  TrpocrTara,  'the  pros- 
tate,' and  aXyos,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  prostate. 

PROSTATAUXB,  Prostatoparectasis. 

PROSTATE,  -KpocTara,  from  trpo,  'before,'  and 
ttTTripLi,  '  I  stand.' — Pros' tata,  P.  glandu'la,  Pros'- 
tatcB,  P.  glandiilo' SOB  seu  adenoides,  Pnras'tata 
adeno'idea  seu  (flandulo'sa,  Adstans,  Paras'tatcB, 
P.  gland'idcE,  Testis  minor,  Corpus  glandrdo' sum 
seu  glando'sum  seu  adeniforme  seu  glandiforme 
seu  glandulo'sum  seu  adenoi'des,  Assisten'tes 
glandules.  Ads' titesglandulo'si;  the  Prostate  gland. 
A  glandular,  cordiform  body,  of  the  size  of  a 
chestnut,  situate  before  the  neck  of  the  bladder, 
behind  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  surrounding  the 
first  portion  of  the  urethra.  Its  excretory  out- 
lets, to  the  number  of  10  or  12,  open  into  the  part 
of  the  urethra  that  traverses  it,  and  pour  into  it 
a  whitish  viscid  humour  —  Liqxior  prostat'icus  — 
intended  to  lubricate  the  interior  of  the  urethra, 
and  to  serve  as  a  vehicle  for  the  sperm  in  its 
ejaculation. 

Prostate,  Anterior,  see  Cowper's  glands. 

PROSTATELCO'SIS,  from  rpoaTara,  'pros- 
tate.' and  '{Awj,  '  an  ulcer.'  Ulceration  of  the 
prostate. 

PROSTATES  INFERIEVRES,  Cowper's 
glands — p.  Petites,  Cowper's  glands. 

PROSTAT'IC,  Prostat'icus,  Pros'tatal,  (F.) 
Prostatique.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
the  prostate.  Winslow  has  named  —  Superior 
Prostatic  Muscles — ligaments  which  pass  from 
the  pubis  to  the  lateral  parts  of  the  prostate.  He, 
also,  calls — Inferior  prostatic  muscles — the  flieshy 
fibres,  which,  from  the  lateral  parts  of  the  urethra, 


near  its  membranous  portion,  pass  to  be  inserted 
into  the  pubis. 

Prostatic  Bisec'tor.  An  instrument  em- 
ployed by  Dr.  Slovens,  of  New  York,  in  the  bi- 
lateral operation  of  lithotomy.  In  form  it  resem- 
bles a  large  olive,  with  a  beak  at  the  extremity, 
cutting  edges  at  the  sides  parallel  to  its  longest 
axis,  and  with  a  straight  handle. 

Prostatic  Liquor,  Liquor  prostat'icus.  The 
fluid  secreted  by  the  prostate,  which  mixes  with 
sperm  during  emission. 

Prostatic  portion  op  the  Urethra.  The 
part  of  the  canal  of  the  urethra  included  by  the 
prostate  :  it  is  about  15  lines  long. 

Prostatic  Sinus,  see  Sinus,  prostatic. 

PROSTATICUS  SUPERIOR,  Compressor 
prostat£e. 

PROSTATIQUE,  Prostatic. 

PROSTATI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Pros'tata,  from 
irpoaTara,  '  the  prostate,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  prostate  ;  when 
accompanying  gonorrhcea,  it  is  the  gonorrho- 
prostnti'tis. 

PROSTATOCELE,  Prostatoncus. 

PROSTATON'CUS,  Prostatoce'le,  Tumor  pros- 
tata,  from  rpoaTura,  'the  prostate,'  and  oyKos,  'a 
tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  prostate. 

PROSTATOPARECTASIS,  from  ^poorara, 
'prostate,'  and  jrapcKTeivtiv,  'to  extend.'  En- 
largement of  the  prostate  ;  also,  induration  of  the 
same,  Prostatoscir'rlius,  Prostatavx'e. 

PROSTATOSCIRRHUS,  see  Prostatoparec- 
tasis. 

PROSTERNID'IUM,  from  rpo,  'before,'  and 
oTipvov,  '  the  sternum.'  Any  agent  applied  to  the 
anterior  part  of  the  chest ;  a  plaster  to  the  breast. 

PROSTHESIS,  Prothesis. 

PROSTHETA,  Subdita. 

PROSTHIUM,  Penis. 

PROSTOM'IA,  Commissu'ra  lahio'rum ;  from 
■npo,  '  before,'  and  arofia,  '  mouth."  The  commis- 
sure of  the  lips. 

PROSTRA'TION,  Prostra'tio  vi'rium,  (F.) 
Prostration  des  forces,  Ahattement.  Great  de- 
pression of  strength.  Almost  total  loss  of  power 
over  the  muscles  of  locomotion. 

PRO'TEA  MELIF'ERA.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Proteaceae,  whose  involucra  and 
flowers,  at  the  time  of  inflorescence,  are  filled 
with  a  sweet  watery  liquid,  which  contains  a 
great  deal  of  honey.  By  inspissation  it  forms  a 
delicious  syrup — Syr'iqms  Pro'tea,  which  is  much 
used  in  pulmonary  affections. 

Protea  Lepibocarpon,  and  some  other  Pro- 
teas,  supply  the  same  kind  of  juice.  ( 

PPiO'TEAN,  Pro'teiform,  Proteiform'is,  from 
Proteus,  who  could  assume  various  shapes.  As- 
suming different  shapes. 

PROTEIFORMIS,  Protean. 

Proteiform'is  Morbus.  A  disease  which  as- 
sumes various  characters. 

PRO'TEIN,  Proteine,  Protei'na,  from  Ttpiarcvu), 
'I  take  first  rank.'  A  product  of  the  decomposi- 
tion of  albumen,  &c.,  by  potassa.  When  animal 
albumen,  fibrin  or  casein  is  dissolved  in  a  mode- 
rately strong  solution  of  caustic  potassa,  and  the 
solution  is  exposed  for  some  time  to  a  high  tem- 
perature, these  substances  are  decomposed.  The 
addition  of  acetic  acid  causes,  in  all  three,  the 
separation  of  a  gelatinous  translucent  precipitate 
which  has  exactly  the  same  characters  and  com- 
position.    This  is  protein.  —  Mulder. 

Protein  is  the  basis  of  animal  and  vegetable 
fibrin,  albumen,  and  casein,  and  of  gluten,  which 
have  been,  consequently,  classed  under  the  "  pro- 
teinaceous  alimentary  principle,"  by  Dr.  Pereira. 

PROTEINACEOUS,  Proteinous. 

PRO'TEINOUS,  Proteina'ceous,  Proteino'sus, 


PROTEINEUX 


764 


PRUNUS   ACACIA 


(F.)  Protiiueux.     Of,  or  belonging  to  protein  :  — 
as  "  a  proteinous  alimentary  principle." 

PR 0  TEINE UX,  Proteinous. 

PROTENSIONES  GLANDULARES,  Mam- 
millary  eminences. 

PROTH'ESIS,  Pros' tliesis,  Adjuvc'tio,  Adjec'- 
tio,  Aj}posi"tio,  '  addition,  application  ;'  from  npo;, 
'in  addition  to,'  and  rt&riiJii,  'I  put.'  That  part 
of  surgery  whose  object  is  to  add  to  the  human 
body  some  artificial  part,  in  place  of  one  that  may 
be  wanting,  as  a  wooden  leg,  an  artificial  eye,  &c. 

PROTMESIS,  Umbilicus,  Kidney. 

PROTOAZOTATE  BE  MERCURE,  Hy- 
drargyri  nitras. 

PROTOGALA,  Colostrum. 

PROTOIATROS.  Archiater. 

PROTOMEDICUS,  Archiater. 

PROTOMUS,  Dissector. 

PROTOPATHIA,  Idiopathia. 

PRO'TOPHYTE,  Protoph'yton,  from  :7p«rof, 
'first,'  and  (pvrov,  '  a  plant.'  A  vegetable  produc- 
tion at  the  foot  of  the  scale;  as  a  cryptogamous 
plant,  —  a  fungus. 

PRO'TOPL AST,from  vpuiTOi, '  first,'  and  ^Xoctitm, 
*I  form.'  A  primary  formation.  A  first  formed 
organized  body  —  the  parent  of  all  others. 

PROTOSPOROS,  Os  uteri. 

PROTOZO'ON,  from  ttputoj,  'first,'  and  ^wov, 
*  an  animal.'  An  animal  lowest  in  the  scale  ;  — 
as  a  monad. 

PROTRAHENS  LENTIS,  Ciliary  muscle. 

PROTRUSION.  Prolapsus. 

PROTU'BERANCE,  Proiuheran'Ua,  Extiihe- 
ra'tio,  Prominen'tia,Excrescen'tia,  E~ctuberan't!n, 
from  pro,  'before,'  and  tuber,  'a  projection.'  (F.) 
Posse.  A  name  given  to  rough,  unequal  protu- 
berances, seen  at  the  surface  of  certain  organs  ; 
the  jiarietal  protuberanceSfOccipital  2}rottiberaiices, 
annular  protuberances,  &c. 

Protuberance,  Annular,  Pons  Varolii  —  p. 
Cerebral,  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons  Varolii — p. 
Cylindroide,  Cornu  ammonis. 

PROTUBERANTIA,  Eminence— p.  Annularis 
Willisii,  Pons  Varolii — p.  Basilaris,  Pons  Varolii 
■ — p.  Cylindrica,  Cornu  ammonis. 

PROTRUSOR,  Detrusor  urina;. 

PROULIMATESIS.  a  word  employed  by 
Forestus  for  hernia  of  the  stomach  [?]. 

PROUNE,  Prunus  domestica. 

PROVENTRIC'ULUS,  Bulbus  glnndnlo'sus, 
Infundib' ulum,  Second  stomach/  from  -fio,  'be- 
fore,' and  ventriculus,  '  the  stomach.'  A  bulbous 
expansion  at  the  termination  of  the  oasophagus, 
immediately  above  the  gizzard  of  birds,  the  walls 
of  which  are  thickly  studded  with  a  layer  of 
glands  or  follicles  which  secrete  a  digestive  fluid. 

PROVERBS,  MED'ICAL.  A  proverbial  ex- 
pression frequently  contains  sound  sense  in  its 
directions.  In  medicine,  the  greatest  collection 
is  in  the  Rer/imen  of  Health  of  the  School  of  Sa- 
lernnm,  composed  in  the  11th  century,  b}' John 
of  Milan.  Yet,  although  good  sense  is  often  in- 
culcated, we  frequently  meet  with  the  reverse. 

Most  of  the  proverbs  are  hygienic.  The  fol- 
lowing are  a  few. 

1.  Qu^  apres  la  soupe  tin  coupe  d' excellent  vin 
Tire  itn  ecu  de  la  poche  du  medecin. 

2.  Surge  quintd,  prande  nond,  catna  quinla,  dormi 

iiona,  iiec  est  morti  vita  prona. 

3.  Nunquam   recte    corpus   exerceri   sine   animo, 

neque  animuni  sine  corpore  posse. 

4.  Viande  hien  machee  est  at  demi  digeree. 

5.  Optimum  condimentum  fames. 
Appetite  is  the  best  sauce. 

6.  Plurea  occidit  gula  quam  gladius. 


7.  Early  to  bed  and  early  to  rise. 

Makes  a  man  healthy,  wealthy,  and  wise. 

8.  One  man's  meat's  another  man's  poison. 

9.  An  ounce  of  prevention  is  better  than  a  pound 

of  cure. 

PROVERSIO,  Anteversion. 

PROVIXS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cha- 
lybeate  springs  in  the  department  of  Seine  et 
Marne,  France,  which  contain  carbonic  acid  and 
iron. 

PROVOCATORIUS,  Intercalary. 

PROXIMAD,  see  Proximal  aspect. 

Proximal,  from  proximus,  'next.'  Proxi- 
mate; nearest;  next. 

Proximal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
trunk,  in  the  course  of  an  extremity.  —  Barclay. 
Pro.c'itnad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially 
to  signify  'towards  the  trunk.' 

PRUNA,  Anthrax. 

PRUNE,  Prunum. 

Prune  Juice  Expectora'tion  or  Sputa.  The 
sputa  resembling  prune  juice,  which  occur  in  the 
third  or  purulent  stage  of  pneumonia, 

PRUNEAU,  Prunum. 

PRUNELLA,  Angina  pectoris,  Aphthse,  Cy- 
nanche,  Pupil. 

Prunel'la,  p.  vulga'ris  seu  officina'lis,  Bru- 
nel'la,  Consol'ida  minor,  Sym'phytum  minus,  Self- 
heal,  Heal-all,  Bugle,  (F. )  Prunelle,  Brunelle  ; 
Ord.  Labiatffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Gymno- 
spermia.  This  plant  has  been  recommended  as 
an  astringent,  in  hemorrhages  and  fluxes;  and, 
also,  in  gargles  against  aphthae,  and  in  inflam- 
mation of  the  fauces. 

PRUNELLA  SAL,  Potassse  nitras  fusus  sul- 
phatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

PRUNELLE,  Prunella,  Pupil. 

PRUNELLIER,  Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNELLOE,  Prunum  Brignolense. 

PRUNEOLA  SYLVESTRIS,  Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNES,  see  Prunum  — p.  Pulp  of,  Pruni 
Pulpa. 

PRUNI  PULPA,  Pulp  of  prunes.  Take  of 
prunes  a  sufiicient  quantity,  soften  them  in  the 
vapour  of  boiling  water,  and  having  separated 
the  stones,  beat  the  remainder  in  a  marble  mortar 
and  press  through  a  hair-sieve.  —  Ph.  U.  S. 

PRUNIER,  Prunus  domestica  —  p.  Sauvage, 
Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNUM.  A  dried  Plttm,  a  Prune.  (F.) 
Pruneau.  Three  sorts  of  Prunes  have  been 
usually  ranked  amongst  the  articles  of  the  mate- 
ria niedica.  1.  The  Prunum  Brignolen'se ;  the 
Brignole  plum  or  Prunel'loe ;  from  Brignole  in 
Provence.  It  is  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour;  and 
has  a  very  grateful,  sweet,  subacid  taste.  2.  The 
Prunum  Gal'licum,  Prunum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  the 
French  Prune  ;  and  3.  The  Prunum  Pamasce'nun 
or  Damson,  Brab'ylon.  All  these  possess  the 
same  general  qualities  as  the  other  summer  fruits. 
They  are  emollient  and  laxative. 

Prunum  Stellatum,  Averrhoa  carambola. 

PRUNUS  ACACIA,  Prunus  padus. 

Prunus  Armeni'aca,  ^r??ieni'aca  vulga'ris  seu 
epiro'tica.  The  A'pricot,  Apricock,  Bericoc'ce, 
ficpiKOKKri,  Pracoc'ia,  (F.)  Ahrieotier.  Ord.  Eosa- 
ceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Monogynia.  The 
apricot,  JLelum  Armeniacum,  (F.)  Abricot,  when 
ripe,  is  easily  digested,  and  considered  as  a  great 
delicacy. 

Prunus  A'vium,  P.  cer'asus  seu  sylvest'ris  seu 
macrophyl'la,  Cer'asus  A'vium  seu  7iigra  seu 
dulcis,  Black  Cherry  Tree,  (F.)  3ferisier.  The 
fruit  is  eaten  ;  and  a  gum  exudes  from  the  tree, 
the  properties  of  which  are  similar  to  those  of 
gum  Arabic. 

Prunus  Capulin,  (S.)  Captdies,  grows  in  the 


PRURIGINOUS 


765 


PSEUDAPHE 


open  fields  of  Peru;  and  is  cultivated  in  gardens 
in  the  towns.  The  fruit  is  acid,  and  not  often 
eaten  ;  but  on  account  of  its  agreeable  odour  it  is 
used  in  making  Pucheros  de  florea  ;  or  with  odo- 
riferous flowers  to  perfume  linen.  —  Tschudi. 

Prunus  Cer'asus,  Cer'aaus  ac"ida  seu  horten'- 
sis  seu  vulga'ris  seu  ruhra.  The  Red  Cherry 
Tree;  (F.)  Cerisier.  The  fruit  Cer'asum,  Cera'- 
sion,  has  a  pleasant,  acidulous  sweet  flavour.  It 
is  wholesome.     See  Prunus  avium. 

Pkunus  Domes'tica.  The  Plum  or  Damson 
tree,  Coccyme'lea,  Proune,  (¥.)  Priinier  ordinaire. 
The  damson,  when  perfectly  ripe,  affords  a  whole- 
some fruit  for  pies,  tarts,  <fcc.  It  is  gently  laxa- 
tive.    See  Prunum. 

Prunus  Hortensis,  P.  cerasus. 
Prunus    Insi'tia.     The   Bullace   Plum    Tree. 
The  fruit  of  this  tree  is  used  like  the  damson. 

Prunus  Lauro-Cer'asus,  Cer'asus  lauro-cera- 
sus,  Padiis  lauro-eerasus.  Poison  Laurel,  Cherry 
Laurel,  Common  Laurel,  Lnuro-cerasus,  (F.)  Lau- 
Her-eerise,  L.  amandier,  L.  de  Trebisonde.  The 
leaves,  Lauro-cer'asus,  (Ph.  E.  and  D.)  have  a  bit- 
ter, styptic  taste,  with  the  flavour  of  bitter  al- 
monds. The  flowers  have  a  similar  flavour.  The 
powdered  leaves,  applied  to  the  nostrils,  excite 
sneezing.  The  flavour  of  the  leaves  has  given 
occasion  to  their  being  employed  in  tarts,  cus- 
tards, &Q.  ;  but  in  large  quantities  they  are  poi- 
sonous. The  poisonous  principle  is  the  prussie 
acid.  The  distilled  water,  called  Laurel-water, 
is  poisonous.  (See  Poisons,  Table  of.)  An  Aqua 
Lauro-CEr'asi,  Cherry  Laurel-water,  is  ofiicinal 
in  the  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Pharmacopoeias. 
Dose,  t^JJ  XXX  to  f  3J. 

Prunus  Macrophylla,  P.  avium. 
Prunus  Padus,  Padus,  P.  a'vium,  Cer'asus 
Padus  seu  racemo'sus  sylves'tria,  Wild  cluster  or 
Bird  Cherry  Tree,  (Sc.j  Hacjherry,  Hach-herry, 
(Prov.)  Heckherry,  (F.)  Cerisier  d  yrappes,  Bois 
puant.  The  bark  of  the  tree  has  a  fragrant 
smell,  and  a  bitter  sub-astringent  taste,  somewhat 
similar  to  that  of  bitter  almonds.  It  has  been 
recommended  in  intermittents,  Ac,  in  the  form 
of  decoction.  The  berries  have  been  used  in 
dysentery. 

Prunus  Sebastina,  Sebastina. 
Prunus  Spino'sa.  The  Sloe  Tree,  P.  sylves'- 
tria seu  Aca'cia,  Agrioeoccime'lea,  Agra'na,  Agru- 
ne'la,  (F.)  Prunellier,  Prunier  sauvage.  The 
fruit — the  s?oc — is  sometimes  employed  in  gargles, 
and  was  formerly  much  used  in  hemorrhage, 
owing  to  the  astringent  properties.  The  Aca'cia 
nostras  seu  German'ica  seu  vulga'ris,  Prune'ola 
gylvea'tris,  Succus  acacice  nostra' tis,  S.  Acacia 
Germanicm  inspissa'tus'is  obtained  from  this. 
Prunus  Sylvestris,  P.  Avium,  P.  Spinosa. 
Prunus  Virginia'na,  Cer'asus  sero'tina  seu 
Virginiu'na,  Choke  cherry.  Wild  Cherry  Tree, 
(F.)  Cerisier  de  Virginie.  The  bark  of  this  tree 
has  been  found  useful  in  intermittents.  The 
leaves  are  poisonous  to  certain  animals,  and  the 
berries  intoxicate  different  kinds  of  birds.  The 
Indians  use  the  bark  in  the  cure  of  syphilis.  It 
is  bitter  and  astringent,  and  possesses  some  aro- 
matic warmth,  and  likewise  a  sedative  quality.  It 
is  stimulant  and  tonic.  The  leaves  contain  prus- 
sie acid.  The  distilled  oil  of  the  bark  is  very 
nearly  identical  with  that  of  the  bitter  almond. 
A  strong  decoction  of  the  bark  is  anthelmintic. 
Prunus  Vulgaris,  P.  Padus. 
PRURIG"INOUS,  Prurigino'sna,  (¥.)Prurigi. 
veux.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating,  or 
belonging  to,  or  resembling  prurigo. 

PRUllI'GO,  Pruri'tus,  Chris' ma  ;  from  prurio, 
pruritum,  '  to  itch.'  The  word  is  often  used 
synonymously  with  itching.  Willan  and  Bate- 
man  use  the  term  for  a  genus  of  cutaneous  dis- 
eases, the  characteristic  symptoms  of  which  are 


a  severe  itching,  accompanied  by  an  eruption  of 
papulae  of  nearly  the  same  colour  as  the  adjoin- 
ing cuticle;  Cnesmos,  Scabies  papuli/orm '  is, 
Exor'mia  pruri'go.  It  affects  the  whole  surface 
of  the  skin,  under  three  varieties  of  form;  —  the 
P.  mitis,  P.  formi'cans,  P.  seni'lis,  &c.,  as  well 
as  some  parts  of  the  body,  as  the  P.  pod'icia,  and 
P.  pnden'di  mnlie'bris,  Puden'dagra  pru'riens, 
Pruri'tus  vulvae,  (F.)  Prurit  de  la  vulve. 

Prurigo,  Heat  —  p.  Pedicularis,  Phtheiriasis. 
PR  URIT,  Itching— p.  de  la  Vulve,  see  Prurigo. 
PRURITUS,  Gargalus,  Itching,  Prurigo  —  p. 
VulvaB,  see  Prurigo. 

PRUSSIAN  B1.\]Y.,  Ferrum  Zo-6t'ictim  seu  Bo- 
rua'sicum  seu  Cyanogena'tnm  seu  oxydula'tum  hy- 
drocyan'icum,  Ferri  Ferrocy'anaa  seu  Ferrocya- 
juire'tum  seu  Cyannre'tum  seu  Percy an'idum, 
Borus'sias  seu  Prusaias  seu  Hydrocy'anaa  Ferri, 
Cceru'leum  Borna'aicum  seu  Berolinen'se,  Trito- 
hydro-ferrocy' anate  or  Ferrocyanuret  or  Ferro- 
prus'siate  of  iron,  (F.)  Bleu  de  Prusse,  B.  de 
Berlin.  In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  the  pure  salt — Ferri  ferrocyanuretum — is 
directed  to  be  made  as  follows;  Ferri  Sulph.  ^iv, 
acid  sulph.  f  ^iiiss,  acid  nitric,  f^^'j  or  q.  s.,  po- 
tassii  ferrocyanuret.  ,^ivss,  aquff,  Oij.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  in  a  pint  of  water,  and  having  add- 
ed the  sulphuric  acid,  boil  the  solution.  Pour 
into  it  the  nitric  acid,  in  small  portions,  boiling 
the  liquid  for  a  minute  or  two  after  each  addi- 
tion, until  it  no  longer  produces  a  dark  colour; 
then  allow  the  liquid  to  cool.  Dissolve  the  ferro- 
cyanuret of  potassium  in  the  remainder  of  the 
water,  and  add  this  solution  gradually  to  the  first 
liquid,  agitating  the  mixture  after  each  addition  ; 
then  pour  it  upon  a  filter.  Wash  the  precipitate 
with  boiling  water  until  the  washings  pass  taste- 
less. Lastly,  dry  and  rub  into  powder.  This 
salt  is  chiefly  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  hy- 
drocyanic acid  and  the  cyanuret  of  mercury.  It 
has  been  advised  in  the  treatment  of  intermit- 
tents, and  in  epilepsy  and  scrophulosis.  Exter- 
nally, it  has  been  applied  to  ill-conditioned  ulcers. 
(^i  to  ^j.  of  cerate.)  Dose,  four  to  sis  grains. 
'  PSALIDIUM,  Fornix. 
PSALIS,  Fornix,  Scissors. 
PSALTERIUM.  Lyra. 
PSAMMA,  see  Gravel. 

PSAMMIS'iMUS,  Ammia'mus,  Gammis'mus, 
from  t/zaw/iiof,  '  sand.'  Areua'tio.  The  application 
of  sand  to  any  part  of  the  body  for  the  cure  of 
disease.  — Paulus. 

PSAMMODES,  Sabulous. 
PSAMMUS.  see  Gravel. 
PSAVTIER,  Omasum. 

PSELLIS'MUS,  ^^£X^((^^of,  Psellotes,  iPcXXorr];, 
from  ^.t^Ai^o),  'I  stutter.'  Imperfect  or  depraved 
state  of  the  articulation.  A  genus  in  the  class 
Pnenmatica,  order  Phonica,  of  Good. 

PsELLiSMUS  Nasitas,  Rhinophonia  —  p.  Rho- 
tacismus,  Rotacism. 

PSELLOTES,  Balbuties. 

PSEUDACACIA  ODORATA,  Robinia  pseu- 
dacacia. 

PSEUDAC'OE,  Pseudaco'i'a,  Pseudecoi'a,  from 
xpcvirjf,  'false,' and  axorj,  'audition.'  Psetidacu'sis. 
False  hearing. 

PSEUDACORUS,  Iris  pseudacorus. 
PSEUD^STHE'SIA,  Senaua  perver'sus,  from 
ileviri;,  'false,'  and  aia^avonai,  'I  feel.'  aia&riatg, 
'  feeling.'  Parapsia  illuao'ria,  Pseiida'phe,  Pseu- 
dajih'ia,  (F.)  Pseudesthesie.  Depraved  feeling. 
Imaginary  sense  of  touch  or  general  feeling  in 
organs  that  have  no  existence.  Common  to  those 
who  have  suffered  amputation  ;  and  to  hypochon- 
driacs and  the  insane. 

PSEUDALEI  MORBL  Feigned  diseases. 
PSEUD ANGUSTURINUM.  Brucine. 
PSEUDAPHE,  Pseudsesthesia. 


PSEUDARTHROSIS 


766 


PSOLE 


PSETJDARTHRO'SIS,  PseudarticuWfio, 
Pseudartic'uhis,  Articula'tio  notha  seu  artijicia'- 
lis,  from  tpcvitu,  'false,'  and  ap^pov, '  a  joint.'  A 
false  joint  or  articulation;  Artie'ulus  novus  seu 
spu'riKS  seu  prcBternatura'lis,  (F.)  Articulation 
surnnmeraire. 

PSEUD ARTICULATIO,  Pseudarthrosis. 

PSEUDECOIA,  Pseudacoe. 

PSEUDBNCEPH'ALUS,  Paraceph'alus,  from 
\j.ev&ni,  '  false,'  and  EyKE^oXov,  '  the  eneephalon.' 
A  monster,  whose  cranium  is  open  in  its  whole 
extent,  from  before  to  behind,  its  base  supporting 
a  vascular  tumour.  —  I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

PSSEUDESTHESIE,  Pseudsesthesia. 

PSEUDO,  False — p.  Asthma,  Dyspnoea. 

PSEUDOBLEP'SIA,  Pseudohlepsis,  Pseudo- 
ra'sis,  Suffn'iiio  oc'uli,  from  xpevSrj;,  'false,'  and 
/3\£i^(f,  '  sight.'  Pseudops'ia,  Parop'sis  illuso'ria, 
Siiffa'sio,  Phanta^'ma,  False  sight.  A  generic 
name,  used  by  Cullen  for  perversion  of  vision. 
See  Metamorphopsia. 

PSEUDOBLEPSIS,  Paropsis. 

PSEUDOCARCINOMA  LABII,  Cancer  aqua- 
ticus. 

PSEUDOCHROMIA,  Achromatopsia. 

PSEUDOCROUP,  Asthma  thvmicum. 

PSEUDOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  false  — p.  Oye- 
Bis  molaris,  Mole. 

PSEUDOENCEPHALITIS,  Hydrencephaloid 
disease. 

PSEUDO-FEVER,  Irritation,  morbid. 

PSEUDOGEU'SIA,  Pseudogeu'sis,  Pseudo- 
geus'tia,  from  -Xtvirii,  'false,'  and  ytvais,  'taste.' 
Hallncinn'tio  gnstus.     False  taste. 

PSEUDOGEUSTIA,  Pseudogeusia. 

PSEUDOHELMINTHES,  Ectozoa. 

PSEUDOLI'EN,  Pseudosplen,  from  -levSns, 
'false,'  and  lien,  'spleen.'  Glands  situate  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  spleen ;  probably,  lymphatic 
glands. 

PSEUDOMECHOACANA,  Convolvulus  pan- 
duratus. 

PSEUDOMEDICUS.  Charlatan. 

PSEUDOMELANOTIC  FORMATIONS,  see 
Anthracosis. 

PSEUDOMELANOTIC  Menisx,  Membrane,  false — 
p.  Metamorphosis  polyposa,  polypus. 

PSEUDOMEMBRANA,  Membrane,  false. 

PSEUnOMEMBRANE,  Membrane,  false. 

PSEUDONARCISSUS,  Narcissus  pseudonar- 
cissus. 

PSEUDONOMA'NIA,  from  ^!.w^I7?,  'false,'  and 
mania.  A  form  of  insanity,  which  is  character- 
ized by  a  morbid  propensity  for  lying. 

PSEUDO-PARASITES.  Ectozoa. 

PSEUDOPERIPNEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia 
notha. 

PSEUDOPHLOGOSIS  VENTRICULI RESO- 
LUTIVA  ET  COLLIQUATIVA,  Gastromalacia. 

PSEUDOPHTHI'SIS.  '  False  phthisis.'  Ema- 
ciation occasioned  by  other  cause  than  organic 
lesion  of  the  lungs. 

PSEUDOPLAS'MATA,  from  ^^tvhi,  'false,' 
and  -aXaaaiD,  '  I  form.'  A  term  applied  to  malig- 
nant heterologous  tumours. — Vogel. 

PSEUDOPLEURITIS,  Pleurodynia  — p.  Po- 
lypi, see  Polypi  —  p.  Pyrethrum,  Achillea  ptar- 
mica  —  p.  Spleen,  Pseudolien. 

PSEUDOPNEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia  no- 
tha. 

PSEUDOPNEUMONITIS,  Peripneumonia  no- 
tha. 

PSEUDOPSIA,  Pseudoblepsia. 

PSEUDORASIS,  Pseudoblepsia. 

PSEUDOREX'IA,  Pseudorex'is,  from  xPsvSvs, 
'false,'  and  opcfK,  'appetite.'     False  appetite. 

PSEUDO-RHONCHUS,  from  xpcv&ns,  'false,' 
and  poy>(^os,  '  rattle.'  A  sound  heard  during  re- 
spiration, which  appears  to  be  produced,  like  the 


ordinary  rhonchi,  in  the  air-tubes,  but  is  exterior 
to  them — as  in  the  case  of  pleural  pseudorhonchi. 
See  Rattle,  and  Edle. 

PSEUDOSCOP'IC,  Pseudoscop'icus,  from 
ylcviii,  'false,'  and  ckokcui,  'I  view.'  Conveying 
false  impressions  to  the  eye  ;  as  where  projecting 
surfaces  are  seen  depressed,  and  conversely. 

P  S  E  U  D  0  S  '  MIA,  Pseudosphre'sia,  Pi/eudos- 
phre'sis,  from  i^tvinSi  'false,'  and  oaftij,  'smell.' 
False  sense  of  smell. 

PSEUDOSPHRESIA,  Pseudosmia. 
PSEUDOSYPHILIS,  Syphilis  pseudosyphilis. 
PSEUDOTHANATOS,  Asphyxia. 
PSEUDOVARIOL^,  Varicella. 
PSEUDYMEN,  Membrane,  false. 
PSID'IUM  POMIF'ERUM.    The  Apple  Gua- 
\  va,    Guava,    Guayava.     Ord.    Myrtaceae.      This 
•  plant  and  P.  Pyri/'ernm  bear  fruits  ;  those  of  the 
former  like  apples, — of  the  latter  like  pears.    The 
apple  kind  has  an  acid  flavour,  the  other  is  sweet. 
Of  the  inner  pulp  of  either,  the  natives  of  the 
I  Indies  make  jellies;  and,  of  the  outer  rind,  tarts, 
j  marmalades,  &c.    They  are  somewhat  astringent; 
j  this  quality,  indeed,  exists  in  every  part  of  the 
tree,  and  abundantly  in  the  leaf-buds,  which  are 
I  occasionally  boiled  with  barley  and  liquorice  as 
'  an  excellent  drink  in  diarrhoea.    A  simple  decoe- 
1  tion  of  the  leaves  is  said  to  be  useful  in  the  itch, 
and  most  cutaneous  eruptions. 
PSILOSIS,  Depilation. 
PSILOTHRUM,  Bryonia  alba,  Depilatory. 
PSIMMYTHON,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
PSOA,  Dysodia. 
[      PSO  J3,  PsoicB,  PsycB,  xl-oat,  see    Lnmhi,    '  the 
loins.'     The  psoae  muscles ;    Alop'eces,  Nephro- 
'  me'trcB,  Neiirome' teres. 

j      PSOAS-MAGNUS,  Psoas  seu  lumha'ris  inter'. 
i  nils,  Femur  moven'tium  sextus,  Pre-lombo-trochan- 
1  ti?i,   Pre-lomho-trochantinien    (Ch.).      A    muscle, 
I  seated  on  the  lateral  parts  of  the  lumbar  portion 
!  of  the  vertebral  column;  and  passing  down  to 
the  superior  and  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.     It 
is    long,    fusiform,  and   attached,  above,   to    the 
body  and  transverse  processes  of  the  first  four 
lumbar  vertebras,  and  last  dorsal.     Below,  it  ter- 
minates, by  a  very  thick  tendon,  common  to  it 
and  the  iliacus  muscle, — which  is  inserted  into 
the  top  of  the  lesser  trochanter.     This   muscle 
bends  the  thigh  upon  the  pelvis,  and  carries  it  in 
rotation  outwards.    It  may,  also,  bend  the  pelvis 
on  the  thigh,  and  the  loins  on  the  pelvis.    It  acts 
considerably  in  station  and  progression. 

Psoas    Parvus,    Pre-lombo-pubien,    (Ch.)     A 
muscle  situate  anteriorly  to  the  last.     It  is  long, 
I  thin,  flat,  and  narrow;  and  is  attached,  above,  to 
i  the  body  of  the  last  dorsal  vertebra,  and  below, 
{  to  the  linea  ileo-pectinea,  by  means  of  a  slender 
tendon,  which  furnishes  two  expansions  —  one  to 
the  Iliac  aponeurosis,  and  the  other  to  the  pelvis. 
This  muscle  bends  the  vertebral  column  on  the 
pelvis ;  and,  reciprocally,  the  pelvis  on  the  ver- 
tebral column. 

PSODYMUS,  Gastrodidymus. 
PSOI^,  Psose. 
PSOiTE,  Psoitis. 

PSOl'TIS,  In flamma' tio  mus'eidi  Psoas,  Liim- 
ia'goinflammato'ria  spasmod'lca,  (F.)  Peo'ite,  In- 
flammation du  muscle  Psoas.  From  (/""'t,  '  the 
loins,'  'the  psoae  muscles,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  psoas  muscles 
and  of  the  parts  situate  before  the  lumbar  verte- 
brae :  accompanied,  from  its  commencement,  by 
considerable  fever,  violent  pains  in  the  part 
aff"ected  and  in  the  thigh  of  the  same  side,  which 
remains  commonly  half  bent.  Psoitis  may  termi- 
nate by  suppuration,  and  form  a  lumbar  abscess. 
PSOLE,  (/.(jXt;,  'the  male  organ.'  Also,  the 
glans  when  uncovered. 


PSOLON 


767 


PSYDRACIA 


PSOLON,  Membrosus. 

PSOLON'CUS,  from  psole,  and  oyKoi;,  'a  tu- 
mour.' Swelling  of  the  glans,  or  of  the  penis 
generally. 

PSOLUS,  from/jsoZe,     One  who  has  the  glans 
uncovered.     One  who  has  been  circumcised. 
PSOPIIOMETER,  Stethoscope. 
PSOPHOS,  ipo(pos,  'a  noise.'     Aloud  noise;  a 
hollow  sound. 

PSORA,  from  i^uu,  'I  rub  gently.'  Sea'hies, 
Phlysig  seu  Ecpye'sis  Scabies,  Scabiola,  Itch, 
Scratch,  Scotch  fiddle,  (Prov.)  lehet,  Scrat,  (Sc.) 
the  Reif,  Youk,  Yuke,  (F.)  Gnle,  Mai  Saint-Main, 
Rogne.  A  contagious  eruption  of  very  minute 
pimples — pustular,  vesicular,  papular,  intermixed, 
and  alternating,  itching  intolerably  and  termina- 
ting in  scabs.  It  seems  to  be  connected  with  an 
insect  of  the  genus  Acarns  ;  —  the  Ac'arus  seu 
Sarcop'tes  seu  Sarcop'tus  seu  Phthi'rium  seu  Chey- 
le'tus  Scabiei,  Ao'arns  Giro,  Itch-insect,  Itch-ani- 
mal'ciile,  Itch  mite,  (P.)  Ciron.  The  itch  occupies, 
particularlj>vthe  spaces  between  the  fingers,  the 
back  of  the  nknds,  wrists,  elbows,  axilla,  groins, 
hams,  Ac,  and  rarely  affects  the  face.  The  best 
applications,  for  its  cure,  are,  —  the  Unguentwn 
Sidphnris  or  Ung.  Sidpih.  comp.  night  and  morn- 
ing ;  but  the  unpleasant  smell  of  the  sulphur  has 
given  occasion  to  the  use  of  other  means  ; — as  the 
White  Hellebore,  Potass  in  deliquescence,  Muriate 
of  Ammonia,  Sulphuric  Acid,  &c.  The  repug- 
nance to  the  smell  of  sulphur  ought  not,  however, 
to  be  regarded;  especially  as,  in  the  course  of 
four  or  five  days,  it  will,  in  almost  all  cases,  pro- 
duce a  perfect  cure. 

Psora  Agria,  Psoriasis  inveterata. 
Psora  Ebrio'rum,  Drunkard's  Itch.   An  erup- 
tion,   attended    by    afl3icting   itching,    to    which 
elderly  people,  who  have  been  much  addicted  to 
drinking  alcoholic  liquors,  are  liable. — Darwin. 

Psora  Leprosa,  Psoriasis — p.  Squamosa,  Pso- 
riasis. 

PSORALEA,  Psoralea  pentaphylla. 
Psora'lea  Glandulo'sa,  from  ■^pa\tos 
'scurfy  or  scaly,'  in  reference  to  its  scurfy  glands 
or  dots.  Alvaquil'la.  Ord.  LeguminosEe.  Sex. 
Sijst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  A  shrub,  used  in 
Chili  as  a  vulnerary.  The  Paraguay  tea  is  re- 
ferred to  it  by  M.  Lenoble,  of  Montevideo.  See 
Ilex  Paraguensis. 

Psora'lea  Pentaphyl'la,  Psora'lea,  Contra- 
yer'va  nova,  Blex'ican  Contrayer'va.  The  root  is 
little,  if  at  all,  inferior  to  the  contrayerva  in  its 
medical  properties;  which,  by  the  by,  are  unim- 
portant. 

PSORENTERIA,  Cholera. 
PSORI'ASIS,  (same  etymon  as  Psora,)  for- 
merly, the  state  of  beiug  affef>ted  with  \l/a)pa. 
Lejndo'sis  psori'asis,  Serpe'do,  Serpi'go,  Impeti'- 
go  (of  some),  Sca'bies  sic'cn  seu  feri'na.  Psora 
lepro'sa  seu  squamo'sa,  Scaly  Tetter,  Dry  Scale, 
Dry  Scall,  (P.)  Dartre  squameuse  licheno'ide,  D. 
ecailleuse,  Gratelle,  Gale  miliare,  G.  canine  ou 
s^che.  A  cutaneous  affection,  consisting  of  patches 
of  rough,  amorphous  scales;  continuous,  or  of 
indeterminate  outline;  skin  often  chappy.  Pso- 
riasis occurs  under  a  considerable  variety  of  forms. 
The  surface,  under  the  scales,  is  more  tender  and 
irritable  than  in  lepra,  which  psoriasis,  in  some 
respects,  resembles.  Dr.  Willan  has  given  names 
to  eleven  varieties  of  psoriasis :  the  chief  of 
which  are  the  Psoriasis  gutta'ta,  P.  diffu'sa  (one 
form  of  which  is  the  Baker's  Itch  and  Grocer's 
Itch;  and  another,  the  Washerwoman's  Scall),  the 
P.  gyra'ta,  and  P.  invetera'ta  seu  Psora  a'gria. 
The  treatment  of  irritable  psoriasis  must  be  anti- 
phlogistic, with  the  internal  use  of  the  fixed 
alkalies,  sulphur,  &c.  They  do  better  without 
any  local  application.  The  more  local  and  less 
inflammatory  are  ameliorated  by  emollient  and 


soothing  applications;  or  by  slightly  stimulating 
means,  sea-bathing,  the  Vng.  hydrarg.  nitrico- 
oxyd.,   Ung.  oxidi  zinci,  &c. 

PSORIC,  Pso'rlcus,  (F.)  Psorique,  Guleux ; 
from  tfojpa,  '  itch.'  That  which  has  the  nature 
of  itch.     A  medicine  for  curing  the  itch. 

PSOROCOMI  UM,  from  vl/wpa,  •  the  itch,'  and 
(co/ufci),  'I  take  care  of.'  An  hospital  for  thoso 
affected  with  itch. 

PSOROPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi  — p. 
Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia  (purulenta  infan- 
tum). 

PSY^,  Psoae. 

PSYCHAGOGA,  Psynhagogica. 

PSYCHAGO'GICA,  Psychago'ga,  from  ^\,vx■^, 
'life,'  'soul,'  and  ayw,  'I  lead.'  Medicines  which 
resuscitate,  when  life  seems  extinct;  as  in  syn- 
cope and  apoplexy. 

PSYCHE,  Anima. 

PSYCHIA'TER.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
One  who  treats  diseases  of  the  mind  —  a  Mad- 
doctor,  (P.)  3Iedecin  de  foiis,  Alieniste. 

PSYCHIATRI'A,  from  -Ivxri,  'mind,'  and 
tarptia,  '  healing.'  Treatment  of  diseases  of  the 
mind. 

PSY'CHICAL,  Psy'ckicvs,  from  4'vxv,  'mind.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  mind  or  mental  endow- 
ments.    Psycholoy"ical  is  not  unfrequently  used 
with  the  like  signification. 
.  PSYCHOLOGICAL,  see  Psychical. 

PSYCHOL'OGY,  Psycholog"ia,  from  i^vxv, 
'mind,'  and  'Xoyo;,  'discourse.'  A  treatise  on  the 
intellectual  and  moral  faculties.  Also,  the  intel- 
lectual and  moral  faculties  or  sphere. 

PSYCHONOSOL'OGY,  Psychonosolog"ia,  from 
'j'vx.V,  'mind,'  voao;,  'disease,'  and  \oyos,  'a  de- 
scription.' The  doctrine  of,  or  a  treatise  on,  dis- 
eases of  the  mind. 

PSYCHOPATHIES,  Psychoses. 

PSYCHOR'AGES,  Agoni'zans,  3toribtin'dus, 
Mor'ibund,  Fey,  Fee,  Fie,  from  ^vxv,  '  mind, 
'life,'  and  payv,  'rupture.'  Dying;  in  Articnlo 
Mortis,  "  in  the  article  of  death ;"  in  extre'mis. 
Moribund  means,  also,  one  who  is  dying. 

PSYCHORAGIA,  Agony,  Death. 

PSYCHORRHAGIA,  Agony,  Death. 

PSYCHOS,  Cold. 

PSYCIIO'SES,  from  ^vxv,  'mind.'  Neuroses 
of  the  intellect.  Diseases  of  the  mind.  Psy- 
chop'athies. 

PSYCHOTHERAPEI'A,  from  x^^vxi,  'mind,' 
and  ^cpair£vu),  '  I  attend  upon  the  sick.'  Treat- 
ment of  disease  through  the  mind. 

PSYCHOTICA,  Analeptiea. 

PSYCHOTRIA,  Analeptiea  — p.  Crocea,  Pali- 
courea  crocea — p.  Emetica,  Ipecacuanha. 

PSYCHOTROPHUM,  Betonica  officinalis. 

PSYCHROLU'SIA,  Psychrolu'tron,  from  x^v- 
Xpog,  'cold,'  and  Aouw,  'I  wash.'     A  cold  bath. 

PSYCHROPHOB'IA,  from  -Ivxpoi,  cold,'  and 
(^olioi,  'fear.'  Dread  of  cold,  especially  of  cold 
water.     Impressibility  to  cold. 

PSYCHTICA,  Refrigerants. 

PSYDRA'CIA,  quasi,  x^ivKpa  'vSpaKta,  'cold 
drops,'  from  ;//t)(5paf,  ^vSpaKos,  '  a  small  blister  or 
pimple.'  The  ancients  sometimes  used  this  term 
for  ]}imples ;  at  others,  for  «jesic?es.  Willan  and 
Bateman  define  Psydraciiim  to  be,  a  small  pus- 
tule, often  irregularly  circumscribed,  producing 
but  a  slight  elevation  of  the  cuticle,  and  termi- 
nating in  a  laminated  scab.  Many  of  the  psy- 
dracia  usually  appear  together,  and  become  con- 
fluent; and,  after  the  discharge  of  pus,  they  pour 
out  a  thin,  watery  humour;  which  frequently 
forms  an  irregular  incrustation.  Frank  limits 
the  term  to  a  psoriform  eruption,  which  differs 
from  itch  in  not  originating  from  an  insect,  and 
is  not  contagious: — perhaps  the  lichen.  Authors 
have  differed  regarding  its  acceptation. 


PSYLLIUM 


768 


PTERYGOID 


PsYDRACiA  Acne,  Acne. 

PSYLLIUM,  Plantago  psyllium — p.  Ereetum, 
Plantago  psyllium. 

PTAE,MICA,  Achillea  ptarmica — p.  Montana, 
Arnica  montana. 

PTARMICUM,  Errhine,  Sternutatory. 

PTARMOS,  Sneezing. 

PTELEA,  Ulmus. 

Ptelea  Trifolia'ta,  Shrnhhy  trefoil,  Sioamp 
dogwood,  Stinking  ash,  Stinking  prairie  hush, 
Wingseed  ;  indigenous.  OrtZer,  Xanthoxylacese. 
Flowering  in  June.  Is  said  to  be  possessed  of 
antiperiodic  virtues,  and  to  be  anthelmintic. 

PTERIS,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

Ptbris  Aquili'na,  (TTTepv^,  'a  wing,'  from  the 
shape  of  its  leaves.)  Pter'ia,  Thelyp'teris,  Filix 
Nymphce'a  seu  fcemin'ea,  Asple' iiium  aquili'num. 
Common  Brake  or  Female  Fern;  Eagle  Fern, 
Bracken,  (F.)  Fougere  femelle.  La,  graitde  Fou- 
gere.  Nat.  Ord.  Filices.  The  root  is  considered 
to  be  anthelmintic;  and  as  efficacious  as  that  of 
the  male  fern  in  cases  of  tapeworm. 

Pteris  Palustris,  Asplenium  filix  foemina. 

PTERNA,  Calcaneum. 

PTERNIUM,  Calcaneum. 

PTERNOBATES,  Calcigradus. 

PTEROCARPUS  ERINACEA,  see  Kino  — p. 
Marsupium,  see  Kino  —  p.  Sandalinus,  P.  Santa- 
linus. 

Pterocar'pus  Santali'nus,  p.  Sandali'nus, 
(TTTspov,  'a  wing,'  and  Kap-roi,  'fruit,')  San'tahim 
seu  San'dalum  Rnhrum,  Red  Sanders  or  Saunders 
Tree,  (F.)  Santal  rouge.  Ord.  LeguminosEe. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  Red  Saunders 
wood,  San'talnm,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Lignum  sandaW- 
iium  is  used  only  as  a  coh)uring  matter:  it  gives 
to  rectified  spirit  a  fine  deep  red.  The  juice  of 
this  tree,  like  that  of  P.  Draco,  affords  a  species 
of  Drngoii's  Blood. 

PTEROCAULON  PYCNOSTACH'YUM,  Oo- 
ny'za  pycnostach'ya.  Black  root ;  indigenous. 
Order,  Compositse.  The  root  is  used  as  an  alte- 
rative in  the  form  of  decoction.  It  is  said  to  be 
possessed  of  cathartic  properties. 

PTEROS'PORA  ANDROMEDE'A,  (vTspov,  'a 
wing,'  and  a-opa,  'seed,'  in  allusion  to  the  singu- 
lar wing  borne  by  the  seeds,)  Scaly  Dragon  claiv. 
Dragon  root,  Fever  root,  Albany  beechdrop.  An 
indigenous  plant.  Nat.  Ord.  Monotropeae,  Se.r. 
Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia: — found  in  the  State 
of  New  York,  which  blossoms  in  July.  The  root 
has  been  regarded  as  an  anthelmintic,  diuretic, 
emmenagogue,  &c. :  but  is  not  used. 

PTERY&'ION,  Pterygium,  Ala,  from  Trrzpv^, 
vTEpvyo;,  '  a  wing.'  A  small  wing.  Web,  Onyx, 
Pyo'sis,  Unguis,  (F.)  Drapeau,  Onglet.  A  vari- 
cose excrescence  of  the  conjunctiva,  of  a  trian- 
gular shape,  and  commonly  occurring  at  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye;  whence  it  extends  over  the 
cornea.  Sometimes  two  or  three  pterygia  occur 
on  the  same  eye,  and  cover  the  whole  cornea 
with  a  thick  veil,  which  totally  prevents  vision. 
According  to  Scarpa,  the  ancients  gave  the  name 
Pannic'ulus  to  this  last  complication.  If  the 
pterygion  cannot  be  dispelled  by  means  of  discu- 
tient  collvria,  it  must  be  removed  bv  the  scissors. 
PTERYGIUM,  Pterygion,  Scapula— p.  Digiti, 
Paronychia — p.  Lardaceum,  Pinguecula — p.  Pin- 
gue,  Pinguecula. 

PTER'YGO,  in  the  composition  of  anatomical 
terms,  means  relating,  or  appertaining,  to  the 
pterygoid  processes. 

.  PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXILLAIRE,  Ptery- 
goideus  internus — p.  Colli-maxillaire,  Pterj'goid- 
eu3  externus — p.  Maxillaire,  grand,  Pterygoideus 
internus — p.  Maxillaire,  petit,  Pterygoideus  ex- 
ternus—  p.  Palatine  canal,  Pterj'goid  canal  —  p. 
Pharyngeus,  Constrictor  pharyngis  —  p.  Staphy- 
linus,  Circumflexus. 


PTER'YGO-PAL'ATINE,P^err/sro-PaZah''n«». 
That  which  belongs  to  the  pterygoid  process  and 
palate. 

Pterygo-Palatine  Artery  or  Superior  pha- 
ryngeal is  a  very  small  artery,  and  is  given  off  by 
the  internal  maxillary  at  the  bottom  of  the  zygo- 
matic fossa:  after  having  passed  through  the 
pterygo-palatine  canal,  it  is  distributed  to  the 
superior  part  of  the  pharynx,  the  sphenoid  bone, 
and  the  Eustachian  tube. 

Pterygo-Palatine  Canal.  A  small  canal, 
formed  by  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  pro- 
cess, and  the  palate  bone.  It  gives  passage  to 
the  vessels  of  the  same  name. 

PTERYGO-STAPHYLINUS  INTERNUS, 
Levator  palati — p.  Syndesmo-staphyli-pharyngien, 
Constrictor  pharyngis. 

PTERYGODES,  Alatus. 

'P'I'E'R,'YQ0l'D,PterygoVdes,Pterygoide'u8,Ali- 
for'niis  ;  from  mipv^,  irrcpvyog,  '  a  wing,'  and  ttioi, 
'  form.'  A  name  given  to  two  processes  at  the  in- 
ferior surface  of  the  sphenoid  bone;  the  two  la- 
min£e  which  form  them  having  been  compared  to 
wings.  These  alee  or  wings  or  processes, — Froces'- 
sus  aliform'es,  —  have  been  distinguished,  ac- 
cording to  their  position,  into  internal  (ento-pte- 
rygoid]  and  external. 

Pterygoid  Artery,  Yid'ian  Artery,  Bam'ulua 
Ductus  Pterygoide'i,  Arte'ria  pharynge'a  supre'- 
ma,  arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  artery,  at 
the  bottom  of  the  zygomatic  fossa,  and  enters  the 
pterygoid  canal  with  the  nerve  of  the  same  name, 
to  proceed  to  be  distributed  on  the  Eustachian 
tube  and  velum  palati.  The  name,  pterygoid 
arteries,  is  likewise  given  to  the  branches,  which 
the  internal  maxillary  and  some  of  its  divisions, 
as  the  meningea  media,  and  posterior  temporalis 
profunda,  furnish  to  the  pterygoid  muscles,  be- 
hind the  neck  of  the  lower  jaw. 

Pterygoid  Bone,  Sphenoid. 

Pterygoid  Canal,  Yid'ian  canal,  Ductus  pte- 
rygoideus, Cana'lis  Vidia'nus,  (F.)  Conduit  ptery- 
go'idien  ou  Vidien,  Pterygo-palatine  canal,  is  a 
narrow  channel,  which  traverses,  in  a  direction 
from  before  to  behind,  the  base  of  the  pterygoid 
process,  and  gives  passage  to  the  pterygoid  nerve. 
The  foramina  of  the  sphenoid,  which  terminate 
the  canals,  have  the  same  epithets  applied  to 
them. 

Pterygoid  Fossa,  Fossa  Pterygo'ide'a,  (F.) 
Fosse  pterygo'idienne  ou  pterygo'ide,  is  the  de- 
pression which  separates  the  two  laminae  or  alae 
of  the  pterygoid  process. 

Pterygoid  Mus'cles,  Ala'res  mna'euli,  Ali- 
form'es mus'culi,  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
Pterygoideus  externus  seu  minor,  (F.)  Pterygo- 
colli -maxillaire.  Petit  Pterygo-maxillaire  (Ch.), 
Petit  pterygoidien,  Pterygoidien  externe,  is  a 
thick,  short  muscle,  which  arises,  by  short  apo- 
neuroses, from  the  outer  surface  of  the  external 
ala  of  the  pterygoid  process,  and  from  the  outer 
surface  of  the  great  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone ; 
and  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck 
of  the  lower  jaw-bone,  and  the  corresponding  part 
of  the  inter-articular  fibro-cartilage.  This  muscle 
draws  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw  and  the  inter- 
articular  ligament  forwards.  It  carries  the  chin 
forwards,  and  to  the  opposite  side.  If  the  two 
external  pterygoids  act  together,  the  jaw  is  car- 
ried directly  forwards.  2.  The  Pterygoideus  in- 
ternus seu  major,  Ifasse'ter  intern' its,  Latena  in 
Ore,  (F.)  Grand  Pterygo-maxillaire,  Pterygo- 
anguli-maxillaire.  Grand  Pterygoidien  ou  Ptery- 
goidien interne.  A  thick,  quadrilateral  muscle, 
which  is  attached  by  short  and  very  strong  apo- 
neuroses; above,  to  the  pterygoid  fossa,  whence 
it  proceeds  downwards,  backwards,  and  outwards, 
to  be  inserted  into  the  inner  surface  of  the  ramus 
of  the  lower  jaw,  near  its  angle.     This  muscle 


PTERYGOIDIEN 


769 


PUCHURY 


raises  the  lower  jaw,  and  carries  it  a  little  for- 
wards.    It  also  performs  the  grinding  motion. 

Pterygoid  Neryes.  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber. I.  The  Pterygoid  or  Vid' ian  Nerve.  It 
arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  spheno- 
palatine ganglion ;  traverses  the  Vidian  canal  of 
the  sphenoid;  and,  beyond,  divides  into  two  fila- 
ments. 1.  A  superior  or  cranial,  Nervus  superji- 
cia'lis  give  petro'aus,  which  ascends  into  the  cra- 
nium, and  enters  the  hiatus  of  Fallopius  to  unite 
with  the  facial  nerve.  2.  An  inferior  or  carotid, 
Nervas  profundus  sive  major,  which  traverses  the 
carotid  canal,  and  unites  with  the  ascending 
branches  of  the  superior  cervical  ganglion  of  the 
trisplanchnic.  ii.  The  Pterygoid  Nerve,  pro- 
perly so  called,  Nervus  musculi  pterygo'idei,  is 
given  off  by  the  inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the 
6th  pair. 

Pterygoit)  Processes,  see  Pterygoid. 

PTERYGOIDIEN  GRAND  ou  INTERNE, 
Pterygoideus  internus — j^-  Externe,  Pterygoideus 
esternus — p.  Petit,  Pterygoideus  externus. 

PTERTGO'MA,  from  nTipv^,  -nTtpvyos,  '  a  wing; 
a  projecting  or  pendulous  body.'  A  swelling  of 
the  vulva,  which  prevents  coition.  —  M.  A.  Seve- 
rinus. 

PTERTX,  Ala. 

PTILOSIS,  Deplumatio,  Madarosis. 

PTISANA,  Tisane  —  p.  Communis,  Decoctum 
hordei  compositum  —  p.  Hippocratica,  Decoctum 
hordei. 

PTISSANA,  Tisane. 

PTOCHIA'TER,  Ptochia'tnts,  from  Trru^^oj, 
'poor,'  and  larpo;,  'a  physician.'  A  physician  to 
the  poor,  or  to  an  establishment  for  the  poor. 

PTOCHIATRI'A.  Practice  amongst  the  poor. 
Also,  an  institution  for  the  treatment  of  the  dis- 
eases of  the  poor. 

PTOCHOCOMFUM,  from  -to)X°s<  '  a  V^or  per- 
son,' and  KOjieij),  'I  take  care  of;'  Pfoehodochi' um, 
Ptochei'nm,  Ploc}iotroj)he'urii.  An  almshouse.  An 
hospital  for  the  poor. 

PTOCHODOCHIUM,  Ptochocomium. 

PTOCHOTROPHEUM,  Ptochocomium. 

PTOMA,  Cadaver. 

PTOSIS,  TTTuo-if,  Prolapsus  —  p.  Bulbi  oculi, 
Exophthalmia. 

Ptosis  I'ridis,  Iridoee'Ie,  Her'nia  seu  Prolap- 
sus I'ridis,  Iridopto'sis,  from  Trruo-ij,  '  a  fall- 
ing.' A  prolapsus  of  the  iris  through  a  wound 
of  the  cornea.  It  is  known  by  a  blackish  tubercle, 
which  projects  a  little  from  the  cernea  in  various 
forms. 

Ptosis  Palpebr.e,  Blepharoptosis. 

PTYALAGOGUE,  Sialogogue. 

PTYALIN,  see  Saliva. 

PTYALISM,  Salivation. 

PTYALTSME,  Salivation—^.  Mercuriel,  Sali- 
vation, mercurial. 

PTYALISMUS,  Salivation— p.  Acutus  melli- 
tus,  see  Salivation — p.  Acutus  sympathetieus,  see 
Salivation — p.  Hydrargyratus,  Salivation,  mercu- 
rial— p.  Iners,  Slavering — p.  Mercurialis,  Saliva- 
tion, mercurial  —  p.  Pyrosicus,  Pyrosis. 

PTYALOGOGUE,  Sialogogue. 

PTYALON,  Saliva. 

PTYASMAGOGUE,  Expectorant,  Sialogogue. 

PTYELO^r,  Saliva,  Sputum. 

PTYSIS,  Exspuition. 

PTYSMA,  Saliva,  Sputum. 

PTYSMAGOGUE,  Sialogogue. 

PTYSMATIS'CHESIS,  Ptystnafos'chesis,  from 
jTrvafia,  'sputum,'  and  i(t)(^siv,  'to  retain.'  Sup- 
pression of  pulmonary  expectoration. 

PTYSMATOSCHESIS,  Ptysmatischesis. 

PUANTEUR,  Dysodia. 

PUBENS,  Ephebus. 

PUBER,  Ephebus. 

PU'BERAL;  same  etymon  as  Puberty.  Re- 
49 


lating  or  appertaining  to  the  age  of  puberty  —  as 
'  n  puberal  disease.' 

PUB  ERE,  Ephebus. 

PUBERTAS,  Ephebia. 

PU'BERTY,  Puhertas,  Eehe,  Pules,  Aphro- 
dis'ia,  Ephebi'a,  Ephe'bia,  Ephe'botes,  Ephebo'- 
syne,  Pubes'cence,  from  ^juSescece,  '  to  begin  to 
have  hair  on  the  chin  and  sexual  organs.'  The 
period  of  life  at  which  young  people  of  both  sexes 
are  pubes' cent  OT  TiMhile.  According  to  the  civil 
law,  puberty  occurs  at  12  years  in  females,  and 
14  in  males.  The  period  varies  somewhat  in  dif- 
ferent climates,  and  in  different  individuals  of 
the  same  climate. 

PUBES,  Pubis,  Epis'ch'ion,  Cteis,  Pecten;  the 
Pubic  region.  Same  etymon.  The  middle  part 
of  the  hypogastric  region  ;  so  called,  because  it  is 
covered  with  hair,  in  both  sexes,  at  the  period  of 
puberty.  The  hair  is  also  called  Pubes,  Lanu'go 
seu  Piii,  Pudendo'rum,  Planta'rium;  and,  of  old, 
Epiclen'ion  and  pubertas  signified  the  same.  See 
Tressoria. 

Pdbes,  Puberty. 

PUBESCENCE,  Puberty. 

PUBESCENT,  see  Puberty. 

PUBI^US,  Pubic. 

PUBIC,  Pu'biun,  Pu'bicus,  Pubias'us,  (F.) 
Pubien.  That  which  belongs  to  or  concerns  the 
pubis. 

Pc'BlC  Arch,  Arch,  of  the  Pubis,  (F.)  Arcadt 
pubienne.  The  arch  at  the  anterior  part  of  the 
inferior  circumference  of  the  pelvis.  It  is  more 
expanded  in  the  female  than  in  the  male;  to  cor- 
respond with  the  additional  functions  which  she 
has  to  execute. 

PuBiC  Articdla'tion,  Sym'pliysis  Pubis,  re- 
sults from  the  junction  of  the  ossa  pubis.  The 
medium  of  union  is  cartilage. 

Pubic  Lig'aments  are  two  very  solid,  fibrous 
fasciae,  situate  before  and  beneath  the  symphysis 
pubis,  which  they  strengthen.  The  one  is  called 
the  anterior  pubic  ligament  /  the  other  the  infe- 
rior or  subpubic. 

Pubic  PiEGION,  Ee'gio  Pubis.  The  region  of 
the  pubes. 

PUBIEN,  Pubic. 

PUBIO-COCO YGIEN-A NN  JL  A IR E, 
Pubio-eoccyge' us  annula'ris.  Dumas  gave  this 
name  to  the  levator  ani  and  isehio-coccygeus, 
which  he  considers  a  single  muscle. 

PUB  10-  CO  CO  YGIEN-ANNULA  /i2£',  Leva- 
tor Ani — p.  Femoral,  Pectinalis  —  p.  Femoralis, 
Adductor  longus  femoris — p.  Ombilical,  Pyra- 
midalis  abdominis  —  p.  Prostaticus,  Compressor 
prostatEe — p.  Sous-omiilical,  VyTSLand&Ws  abdo- 
minis—  p.  Sternal,  mecixxs  abdominis  —  ji.  Ure- 
thral, see  Compressor  Urethras. 

PUBIS,  Pubes. 

Pubis  Os,  Os  Pec'tinis,  Episei'on,  Episi'on, 
Epis'chion,  Share  Bone,  Bar-bone,  (Sc.)  Ark- 
bein.  The  anterior  part  of  the  os  innominatum  ; 
so  called  because  it  corresponds  to  the  genital 
organs  and  pubic  region.  The  angle  of  the  pubis 
is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  body  and  rami  of 
each  side. 

PUB'LIC^  PARTES.  '  Public  parts.'  Those 
organs  are  so  called,  the  object  of  whose  func- 
tions is  the  nutrition  of  all  the  others.  Such  are 
the  digestive  and  respiratory  organs. 

PUCCOON,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis  —  p.  Red, 
Sanguinaria  Canadensis — p.  Yellow,  Hydrastis 
Canadensis. 

PUCE,  Pulex  irritans — p.  de  Bourgogne,  see 
Anthrax — p.  Maligne,  see  Anthrax — p.  Pene- 
trante,  Chique. 

PUCELAGE,  Virginity. 

PUOELLE,  Virgin. 

PUCHA-PAT,  Pogostemon  patchouli. 

PUCHURY,  see  Pichurim  beans. 


PUCHYRY 


770 


PULMO 


PUCHYRY,  see  Pichurim  beans. 

PUCKLE,  Papula. 

PUDDING-GRASS.  Mentha  pulegium. 

PUDDING-PIPE  TREE,  Cassia  fistula. 

PUDENDA,  Genital  organs — p.  Virorum,  Pu- 
dibilia. 

PUDEND'AGRA.  A  hybrid  word;  from  fxi- 
denda,  (piidere,  'to  be  ashamed/)  'the  genital 
organs,'  and  the  Greek  aypa,  '  a  seizure.'  Accord- 
ing to  some,  this  term  means  pain  in  the  genital 
parts  :  Dolor  piidendo'rum,  Men'tulagra,  ^doeo- 
dyn'ia ;  according  to  others,  it  is  synonymous 
with  syphilis. 

PuDESDAGRA  Pruriens,  Prurigo  pudendi  mu- 
liebris. 

PUDEN'DAL,  Pudenda'lis.  Relating  or  ap- 
pertaining to  the  pudenda. 

Puden'dal  Her'nia.  Hernia,  which  descends 
between  the  vagina  and  ramus  ischii,  and  forms 
an  oblong  tumour  in  the  labium;  traceable  in  the 
pelvis  as  far  as  the  os  uteri. 

PUDENDALIS,  Pudendal. 

PUDENDALIS      LONGUS     INFERIOR,     SCB      Sciatic 

PUDENDUM,  FEMALE,  Vulva— p.  Muliebre, 
Vulva. 

PUDENDUS,  Pudie. 

PUDIBIL'IA;  from  ^jwcZere,  'to  be  ashamed.' 
The  male  genital  organs;  Genita'Ua  Viri,Vir{l'ia, 
Pensil'ia,  Inatrumen'ta,  Puden'da  viro'rum,  Pon- 
dus. 

PUDIC,  Pudi'cus,  Puden'dus,  (F.)  Hontenx. 
Same  etymon.  That  which  causes  shame.  A 
name  given  to  the  genital  organs  as  well  as  to 
different  other  parts. 

PaDic  Arteries  are  distributed  to  the  organs 
of  generation.  They  are, — 1.  The  internal  Pudic, 
Arteria  Pudi'ca,  A.  piirfejt'c/a  coniniu'nis,  (F.) 
Artere  konteiise  interne,  A.  Soits-pubienne  (Ch.), 
Geu'ital  Ar'tery.  It  is  furnished  by  the  hypo- 
gastric, and  divides  into  two  branches;  the  one 
—  the  inferior  or  perineal  —  which  gives  off  the 
inferior  hemorrhoidal  and  the  artery  of  the  sep- 
tum ;  the  other  —  the  superior,  (F.)  Ischiope- 
nienne  —  which  furnishes  the  transverse  perineal 
artery,  and  divides  into  two  branches;  the  artery 
of  the  corpus  cavernosum,  and  the  dorsalis  penis. 
This  latter,  in  the  female,  has  the  name  Dorsa'lis 
Clifor'idis.  2.  The  external  Pudic  Arteries,  (F.) 
Arteres  scrotales  ou  vxdvaires  (Ch.),  A.  honteuses 
externes,  which  are  two  in  number.  The  one  is 
superficial  or  subcutaneous,  and  the  other  deep- 
seated  or  subuponeurotie.  They  are  given  off 
from  the  femoral  artery,  or  some  one  of  its 
branches;  and  are  distributed  to  the  external 
parts  of  generation. 

Punic  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  Tionteux  ou  tschio-pe- 
nien  ou  IscJiio-ciitorien,  is  a  branch  furnished  by 
the  sacral  plexus,  which  is  distributed  to  the 
genital  organs ;  and,  especially,  to  the  penis  in 
man,  and  the  clitoris  in  the  female. 

PU'ERILE,  Pueri'lis,  from  puer,  'a  child,' 
(F.)  Pueril.  Appertaining  or  relating  to  childhood. 

Respiration  puerile  ou  exageree  ou  stippUmen- 
taire  ou  hypervesicxdaire : — a  term  applied  to  the 
respiration  when  it  is  heard  loud  through  the 
stethoscope,  as  in  healthy  children. 

PUERILITAS,  Dementia  of  the  aged. 

PUERITIA,  see  Age. 

PUER'PERA,  from  ptuer,  'a  child,'  and  pnrere, 
'to  bring  forth.'  Tohas,  Lochos,  Enix'a,  Lecho, 
a  lying-in  woman,  (F.)  Femme  en  CoucJie,  Ac- 
eouehee.  A  female  in  child-bed.  One  recently 
delivered. 

PUER'PERAL,  Puerpera'lis ;  from  puerpera. 
Relating  to  parturition  and  its  consequences. 

Puerperal  Convulsions,  Eclampsia  gravida- 
rum et  parturientium. 

PtER'PERAL    Fever.      Any    fever    occurring 


during  the  puerperal  state — Fehris  pverpera'riijn, 
Lechop'yra,  Lochioccelii'iis,  Lochinp'yra,  Lo- 
cJiop'yra,  Child-bed  fever.  Most  commonly  re- 
stricted to  a  malignant  variety  of  peritonitis. 

PUERPERIUM,  Child-bed  state. 

PUERPEROUS,  Parturient. 

PUFF,  Lyeoperdon. 

PUFF,  VEILED,  see  Cavernous  respiration. 

PUFF-BALL,  Lyeoperdon,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum. 

PUF'FINESS,  from  (D.)  poffen,  'to  blow:' 
Infla'tio,  Sujffla'tio,  Tumefac'tio  mollis,  (F.)  Bouf- 
fissure,  Boursouflure.  A  soft  intumescence,  with- 
out redness,  which  may  be  partial  or  general,  and 
be  produced  by  accumulation  of  serous  fluid,  ex- 
travasation of  blood,  effusion  of  air  into  the  sub- 
cutaneous areolar  tissue,  <fec.  Puffiness  is  most 
frequently  seen  in  the  face  and  legs;  and  some- 
times appears  around  a  wound. 

PUGIL'LUS,  Brax,  Bra'chion,  diminutive  of 
pugnus,  'the  fist.'  Bragma,  Bragmis,  (F.)  Pin- 
cee.  The  quantity  of  any  substance,  which  may 
be  taken  with  the  ends  of  two  or  three  fingers. 
The  eighth  part  of  a  handful. 

PUGTEETH,  Canine  teeth. 

PUISSANCE  BU  310 ULE  INTERIEUR. 
Plastic  force. 

PUKE,  Emetic. 

PUKEWEED,  Lobelia  inflata. 

PUKING,  Vomiting,  Regurgitation. 

PULEGIUM,  Mentha  pulegium — p.  Cervinum, 
Mentha  cervina. 

PULEX  IRRI'TANS.  The  common  flea,  (F.i 
Puce.  A  parasitic  insect  found  on  the  bodies  ol 
man  and  animals. 

Pulex  Penetrans,  Chique. 

PULICARIA  DYSENTERICA,  Inula  dysen- 
terica. 

PULICA'RIS,  Pulicula'ris,  (F.)  Pulieaire, 
from  pulex,  pulicis,  'a  gnat.'  An  epithet  given 
to  cutaneous  eruptions  resembling  gnat-bites  ;  — 
and,  also,  to  diseases  in  which  such  eruptions 
occur. 

PuLicARis  Herba,  Plantago  psyllium. 

PULLNA,  PILNA  or  BILNA,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  These  well  known  bitter  Bohe- 
mian springs  contain  sulphates  of  soda  and  mag- 
nesia, and  chloride  of  magnesium. 

PULMO,  (pi.)  Pulmo'nes ;  by  transposition  of 
the  letter  I  from  pleumon,  tt\ivhiiiv  ;  Pneimion, 
Pletimon,  Spiravten'tum  an'imw,  Ergaste'rion 
spjir'it'O.s,  FlubeW um.  et  ventila'brum  cordis.  Lights. 
The  essential  organ  of  respiration,  which  is  dou- 
ble, and  occupies  the  two  sides  of  the  ohest.  The 
lungs,  which  are  of  a  spongy,  soft,  flexible,  com- 
pressible, and  dilatable  structure,  fill  exactly  the 
two  cavities  of  the  thorax,  and  are  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  mediastinum  and  the  heart. 
The  right  lung,  which  is  shorter  and  broader 
than  the  left,  is  divided,  by  two  oblique  fissures, 
into  three  unequal  lobes,  Lobi  seu  AIcb  puhno'num. 
The  left  has  only  two  lobes,  and  consequently 
only  one  fissure.  At  the  internal  surface  of  those 
organs,  which  is  slightly  concave,  there  is,  about 
the  middle,  a  pedicle,  formed  by  the  bronchia  and 
pulmonary  vessels,  and  called,  by  anatomists,  the 
root  of  the  lungs,  (F.)  Racine  des  Poumons.  Es- 
sentially, the  lungs  are  composed  of  prolongations 
and  ramifications  of  the  bronchia,  and  of  the  pul- 
monary arteries  and  veins, — the  divisions  of  which 
are  supported  by  a  fine,  areolar  tissue. 

AVhen  the  surface  of  the  lungs  is  examined  in  a 
clear  light,  we  may  see,  even  through  the  pleuTh, 
that  their  parenchyma  is  formed  by  the  aggrega- 
tion of  a  multitude  of  small  vesicles,  of  an  irregu- 
larly spheroid  or  ovoid  shape,  full  of  air,  and 
separated  by  white  and  opake  septa,  constituting 
lozenge-shaped  spaces,  which  are  called  lobules — • 


PULMOMETEE, 


771 


PULSE 


loVuli  seu  in'sulcB  pitlmona'les  —  and  whicli  are 
separated  by  interlobular  areolar  tissue.  These 
lobules  do  not  coramunieate  with  each  other. 
The  vesicles  are  called  Air-cells,  Spiramen'ta  seu 
Spiraiii'ina  seu  Cell' aim  Piilmo'num.  Along  the 
partitions  or  septa  is  deposited,  in  greater  or  less 
quantity,  olack  lyulmonary  matter,  (F.)  Matiire 
puhnnnaire  noire,  as  it  has  been  called,  which 
seems  to  be  natural.  Sometimes  it  is  seen  in 
points  ;  at  others,  in  spots.  The  colour  of  the 
lungs  varies  according  to  age  and  other  circum- 
stance^.  In  youth,  it  is  more  red;  and  after- 
wards, grayish  or  bluish ;  often,  as  if  marbled. 
The  pleura  pulmonalis  is  their  investing  mem- 
brane. The  air  is  carried  to  the  lungs  by  means 
of  the  trachea  and  bronchia.  The  black  venous 
blood,  which  requires  oxj'genation,  is  conveyed 
to  them  from  the  heart,  by  the  pulmonary  artery; 
an-d  when  it  has  undergone  this  change,  it  is  re- 
turned to  the  heart  by  the  pulmonary  veins.  The 
blood-vessels  inservient  to  the  nutrition  of  the 
lungs  are  the  bronchial  arteries  and  veins.  The 
pulmonary  lymphatics  are  very  numerous.  Some 
are  superficial;  others,  deep-seated.  They  pass, 
for  the  most  part,  into  the  bronchial  ganglions  or 
glands.  The  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  pulmo- 
nary plexus. 

PULMOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PULMOMETRY,  see  Spirometer. 

PUL3I0NAIRE,  Pulmonaria  —  p.  en  Arbre, 
Lichen  pulmonaria — p.  de  C'hene,  Lichen  pulmo- 
naria— pi.  des  Fraiic^ais,  Hieracium  murorum. 

PULMONA'RIA,  P.  Offieina'lis  seu  Macida'ta 
seu  Maculo' sa,  Lungwort,  Spotted  Lungwort,  Jeru'- 
salem  Cowslip,  Jerusalem  Sage,  Spotted  Comfrey, 
(P.)  P ulinonaire,  Sauge  de  Jerusalem.  Ord.  Bo- 
raginacese.  Sex.  Si/st.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant  have  been  used  as  de- 
mulcents and  pectorals  ;  partly  from  their  resem- 
blance to  lungs  —  hence  the  name,  from  p)idrno, 
pidmonis,  'the  lung'  —  and  partly  because  they 
have  a  slightly  mucilaginous  taste.  The  plant  is 
not  worthy  of  notice. 

Pulmonaria,  Pneumonia — p.  Arborea,  Lichen 
pulmonarius  —  p.  Galliea,  Hieracium  murorum — 
p.  Officinalis,  Pulmonaria — p.  Virginica,  Merten- 
sia  Virginica. 

PUL'MOiSrAIlY,  PuJmona'ris,  Pulmona'Us, 
from  pnhno,  pulmonis,  'the  lung.'  That  which 
relates  or  belongs  to  the  lungs.  A  name  given 
to  various  parts. 

PoLMONAHY  Artery,  Arte'ria  pidmona'ris. 
Vena  nrterio'sa,  arises  from  the  upper  and  left 
part  of  the  right  ventricle  of  the  heart ;  whence 
it  passes  obliquely  upwards  and  to  the  left  side; 
dividing  into  two  trunks,  opposite  the  second 
dorsal  vertebra  —  one  passing  to  each  lung.  At 
its  origin,  it  is  furnished  with  three  sigmoid  or 
semilunar  valves.  It  carries  the  blood  to  the 
lungs  for  aeration. 

Pulmonary  Matter,  Black,  see  Pulmo. 

Pulmonary  Plexus,  Plexus  pulmona'ris.  A 
considerable  nervous  network,  situate  behind  the 
bronchia,  which  is  formed  by  the  filaments  of  the 
pneumogastric  nerve  or  par  vagum,  and  by  other 
filaments  from  the  inferior  cervical  ganglion  and 
the  first  thoracic  ganglia.  This  plexus  forms  a 
kind  of  areolar  web,  with  numerous  meshes  of 
different  sizes,  in  which  vessels  are  lodged,  sur- 
rounded by  much  areolar  tissue.  This  plexus 
sends  filaments  to  the  bronchia,  which  they  ac- 
company to  their  extremities. 

Pulmonary  Veins,  Vencs  pulmona'res,  Arte'- 
ricB  veiio'sfB.  These  arise  in  the  lungs  from  the 
final  terminations  of  the  arteries  of  the  same 
name ;  collect  in  ramuseuli  and  rami  of  greater 
and  greater  size,  and  ultimately  unite  in  four 
trunks;   two  of  which  issue  from  each  lung  to 


open  into  the  left  auricle  of  the  heart.  The  pul- 
monary veins  have  the  same  structure  as  the 
other  veins  of  the  body;  from  which  they  differ, 
in  conveying  arterial  blood,  as  the  pulmonary- 
artery  differs  from  the  others  in  conveying  venous 
blood.  They  carry  the  blood  back  to  the  heart 
after  aeration. 

PULMOJ^ES  TARTARIZATI,  Lithiasis  pul- 
monum. 

PULMONIA,  Phthisis  pulmonalis,  Pneumonia. 

PULMON'IC,  Puhnon'icus,  Pneumon'icus,  Pid- 
mona'rius,  Piieumon'ie,  (F.)  Pulmonique,  Pnen- 
monique.  Same  etymon  as  Pulmonary.  One 
afi'ected  with  phthisis  —  one  labouring  under  dis- 
eases of  the  lungs.  Any  thing  relating  or  be- 
longing to  the  lungs.    A  medicine  for  the  lungs. 

PULP,  Pulpa,  Pulpa'men,  Sarx,  (F.)  Pidpe, 
Pulpolite.  The  soft  and  parenchymatous  parts 
of  vegetables  reduced  to  a  paste  by  the  operation 
of  pulping.  Applied,  also,  to  parts  of  the  human 
body,  which  have  the  characters  of,  or  resemble  a 
pulp. 

Pulp  op  the  Fingers,  (F.)  Pulp)e  des  doigta. 
The  fleshy  extremity  of  the  fingers. 

Pulp  of  the  Tooth,  Dental  pulp. 

PULPA  CASSIiE,  see  Cassia  fistula  — p.  Den- 
tis,  Dental  pulp — p.  Pili,  see  Hair — p.  Pruni,  see 
Pruni  pulpa  —  p.  Prunorum  sylvestrium  condita, 
Conserva  pruni  sylvestris  —  p.  Tamarindi,  see 
Tamarindi  pulpa. 

Pdlpa  Testis,  Paren'diyma  testis.  The  pa- 
renchyma of  the  testis. 

PULPAMEN,  Pulp. 

PULPATION,  Pulping. 

PULPE,  Pulp — p.  Cerehrale,  see  Cerebrum — 
p.  Dentaire,  Dental  pulp — ^j.  des  Doigts,  Pulp  of 
the  fingers. 

PULPEUX,  Pulpy. 

PULPEZIA,  Apoplexy. 

PULPING,  Pulpa'tion,  Pidpa'tio.  An  opera- 
tion—  the  object  of  which  is  to  reduce  certain 
vegetable  substances  to  a  pulp.  For  this  pur- 
pose, they  are  bruised  in  a  mortar,  and  then 
passed  through  a  hair  sieve,  by  the  aid  of  a 
wooden  spatula,  called  a  Pidper,  (P.)  Pulp>oire. 

PULPOIRE,  see  Pulping. 

PULPOLITE,  Pulp. 

PULPY,  Pulpo'sus,  (F.)  Pulpeux.  Full  of 
pulp. 

PULQUE,  see  Agave  Americana. 

PULS  EX  OVIS  et  LACTE,  Oogala. 

PVLSATIF,  Throbbing. 

PULSATILLA  NIGRICAJSTS,  Anemone  pra- 
tensis  —  p.  Patens,  Anemone  patens  —  p.  Praten- 
sis.  Anemone  pratensis  —  p.  Vulgaris,  Anemone 
Pulsatilla. 

PULSATILLE  NOIRE,  Anemone  pratensis 
-^p>.  des  Pres,  Anemone  pratensis. 

PULSATIO,  Pulsation— p.  Cordis,  Palpitation. 

PULSA'TION,  Pidsa'tio,  Sphygmos,  Sjthyxis, 
Pede'sis,  Pedeth'mos,  (F.)  Battement.  The  beat- 
ing of  the  heart  and  arteries.  Also,  the  beating 
felt  in  an  inflamed  part. 

PULSATIVUS,  Throbbing. 

PULSATORY,  Throbbing. 

PULSE,  from  pulso,  'I  beat;'  Pulsus,  Pidsa'- 
tio, Pulsus  seu  Ictus  cordis  et  arteria'rum.  Incur' - 
BUS  arteria'rum,  Sphygmos,  Sphygma,  Diasphyx'is, 
(F.)  Pouls.  Beating  of  the  arteries,  produced  by 
the  afilux  of  the  blood  propelled  by  the  heart  in 
its  contractions.  For  the  sake  of  convenience, 
we  choose  the  radial  artery  at  the  wrist  to  detect 
the  precise  character  of  the  pulse.  These  cha- 
racters relate  to  the  number  of  pulsations  in  a 


PULSE 


772 


PULSE 


given  time;  to  their  degrees  of  quickness;  hard- 
ness and  strength  :  to  the  equality  or  inequality 
either  of  the  pulsations  themselves  or  of  their 
intervals ;  to  the  development  or  fulness  of  the 


artery,  and  to  the  different  impressions  it  may 
produce  on  the  finger. 

The  following  estimates  have  been  made  of  the 
pulse  at  various  ages  : 


Age 


Tn  the  embryo 

At  birth 

One  month 

One  year 

Two  years 

Three  years 

Seven  years 

Twelve  years.. 

Puberty 

Adult  age 

Old  age 


Numher  of  Beats  -per  minute,  according  to 


Hebeeben. 

SoMMERING. 

BliJLLER. 

150 
Do. 

115  to  130 

100  to  115 

90  to  100 

85  to  90 

80  to  85 
70  to  75 
50  to  65 

130  to  140 

120 

120  to  108 

108  to  90 

90  to  80 

72 

70 

120 

110 
90 

80 
70 
60 

It  does  not  appear  that  the  pulse  of  the  aged 
is  less  frequent,  but  the  contrary.  In  general  it 
is  more  frequent  in  females  and  in  irritable  per- 
sons, than  in  males  and  those  of  an  opposite  tem- 
perament. In  the  healthy  state,  the  pulse,  be- 
sides having  the  proper  number  of  pulsations,  is 
neither  hard  nor  unusually  soft;  it  is  moderately 
developed  ;  of  a  medium  strength  ;  and  perfectly 
equal,  both  as  regards  the  pulsations  and  their 
intervals.  In  diseases  it  wanders,  more  or  less, 
from  these  physiological  conditions.  The  diffe- 
rent characters  of  the  pulse  that  have  been  re- 
corded, are  remarkably  numerous.  In  a  diction- 
ary, it  is  necessary  to  detail  them,  although  many 
of  them  are  not  now  regarded,  and  some  are  ri- 
diculous. 

Pulse,  Aedent,  Pulsus  ardens,  (F.)  Poids  ar- 
dent, Pauls  Sieve.  One  which  seems  to  raise  itself 
to  a  point  in  order  to  strike  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Cap'rizant,  Pulsus  Oopri'zans  seu  dor- 
cadis'sans  seu  gazell'nns  seu  fnsa'iis,  Goatleap 
pulse,  (F.)  Pouls  caprisant.  One  which  seems  to 
leap,  as  it  were;  an  imperfect  dilatation  of  the 
artery  being  succeeded  by  a  fuller  and  a  stronger 
one. 

Pulse,  Complex,  (F.)  Pauls  combine  ou  com- 
pose,  P.  complique.  A  pulse  which  has  the  cha- 
racter of  several  critical  pulses  united. 

Pulse,  Contract'ed,  (F.)  Pauls  serri  ou  can- 
centre.  One  whose  pulsations  are  narrow,  deep, 
and  slightly  hard. 

Pulse,  CoNVtrL'siVE,  Pulsus  convulsi'vus,  (F.) 
Pouls  canvulsif.  That  which  is  unequally  fre- 
quent or  unequally  hard  ;  in  short,  which  resem- 
bles the  irregular  pulsations  of  a  muscular  fibre 
in  a  state  of  convulsion. 

Pulse,  Crit'ical,  Pulsus  crit'icus.  A  pulse 
which,  after  having  possessed  the  characters  of 
irritation,  becomes  free,  open,  soft,  &c. 

Pulse,  Decurtate,  Pulsus  myurus:  see,  also, 
Myurus. 

Pulse,  Deep,  Pidsus  p)^ofun'dus,  (F.)  Poids 
profond.  One  which  cannot  be  felt  without  difii- 
culty,  and  without  strong  pressure  by  the  finger. 
Pulse,  Defic"ient,  Pulsus  defic"iens  seu  an'- 
niiens  et  circum'nuens,  P.  Flickering,  (F.)  Pouls 
defaillant,  P.  insensible.  One  which  seems,  every 
instant  about  to  cease. 

Pulse,  Depressed,  Pulsus  depressus,  (F.) 
Pouls  deprime.     That  which  is  deep  and  weak. 

Pur.SE,  Devel'oped,  (F.)  Potds  derelappe. 
That  which  is  broad,  full,  strong,  and  frequent. 

Pulse,  Dicrot'ic,  Pulsus  Di'cratus  seu  hi'cm- 
tus  seu  inlestina'lis  seu  bife'riens  seu  mallea'ris 
seu  interci'sus  seu  duplex,  (P.)  Pouls  dicrote  ou  re- 
bondissant  ou  redouMe.     That  in  which  the  finsrer 


is  struck  twice  at  each  pulsation;  once  lightly, 
the  other  time  more  strongly. 

Pulse,  Equal,  Pidsus  csqua'lis.  That  in 
which  the  pulsations  resemble  each  other,  and 
return  at  equal  intervals. 

Pulse,  Febrile,  Pulsus  febri'lis.  One  very 
frequent. 

Pulse,  Feeble,  P.  WeaJc,  Pulsus  deb'ilis,  (F.) 
Poxds  faible.    One  which  strikes  the  finger  feebly. 

Pulse,  FiL'iFORjr,  P.  thready.  One  which  re- 
sembles a  thread  slightly  vibrating. 

Pulse,  Flickering,  Pulse,  deficient. 

Pulse,  Form'icant,  Pulsus  formi'cnns,  (F.) 
Pauls  farmicant.  One  which  resembles,  by  being 
small  and  scarcely  perceptible,  the  motion  of  an 
ant. 

Pulse,  Frequent,  (F.)  Pauls  agite  ou precipite. 
One  which  strikes  more  frequently  than  usual  in 
a  given  time. 

Pulse,  Full,  Pulsus  plenus,  (F.)  Pouls  plein. 
One  which  gives  the  notion  of  great  repletion  in 
the  vessel. 

Pulse,  Goat-leap,  P.  Caprizant. 

Pulse,  Gut'tural,  Pulsus  guUura'lis,  (F.) 
Pauls  guttural.  A  pulse  which  has  been  sup- 
posed to  indicate  the  termination  of  affections 
of  the  throat. 

Pulse,  Hard,  Pulsus  durus,  (F.)  Pouls  dur. 
That  in  which  the  pulp  of  the  finger  seems  to 
yield  to  the  pulsation. 

Pulse,  Hectic,  Pidsus  hec'ticus.  The  weak, 
frequent  pulse  observed  in  hectic  fever. 

Pulse,  Hemorrhoid'al,  (F.)  Pauls  des  He- 
morrha'ides.  A  critical  pulse,  announcing  the 
appearance  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux.  It  is  de- 
scribed as  unequal;  —  the  pulsations  not  being 
alike  in  force,  and  still  less  the  intervals. 

Pulse,  Hepat'io,  (F.)  Pauls  du  Foie.  A  pulse 
imagined  to  indicate  affections  of  the  liver.  It  is 
not  worthy  of  description. 

Pulse,  Inpe'rior,  (F.)  Pouls  inferieur  ou  ab- 
dominal ou  ventral.  One  supposed  to  announce 
evacuations  below  the  diaphragm. 

Pulse,  Intercur'rent,  Pulsus  intereur'rens 
seu  interci'dens.  One  in  which  a  superfluous 
pulsation  seems  to  occur  from  time  to  time. 

Pulse,  Intermittent,  (F.)  Pauls  intercadent. 
One  in  which  the  pulsations  fail  from  time  to 
time. 

Pulse,  Intes'tinal,  (F.)  Poids  des  intestins, 
P.  de  la  diarrhee.  A  critical  pulse,  presumed  to 
announce  an  evacuation  by  the  intestines. 

Pulse,  In'tricate,  Pulsus  intrica'tus,  (F.) 
Pouls  embarrassee.  That  which  is  but  little  de- 
veloped and  unequally  slow. 

Pulse,  Iereg'ulae,  Pulsus  anorma'lis.      One 


PULSE 


773 


PULSUS 


whose  pulsations  are  unequal,  and  return  at  un- 
equal intervals. 

POLSB  OP  Irrita'tion,  Pulsus  ah  irritatio'ne 
seu  iiervi'nus  seu  aerit'icus.  One  which  is  fre- 
quent, hard,  and  contracted. 

PuLSR,  JarrinGj  p.  vibrating  —  p.  Jerking, 
Pulse,  sharp. 

Pulse,  Languid,  (P.)  Pouls  langinssant.  A 
slow  and  feeble  pulse. 

Pulse,  Large,  Pulsus  crassus  seu  magnus, 
(P.)  Pouls  grand,  P.  large.  That  which  is  large 
and  full. 

Pulse,  Long.  One  which  strikes  the  finger  to 
a  great  extent  in  length. 

Pulse,  Low,  Pulsus  hii'miUs,  (P.)  Pouls  has. 
One  in  which  the  pulsations  are  scarcely  percep- 
tible. 

Pulse,  Nasal,  (F.)  Pauls  nasal  ou  capital 
©u  du,  Nez.  One  supposed  to  announce  the  end 
of  an  irritation  in  the  nasal  fossse. 

Pulse,  Nat'ural,  (F.)  Pauls  natwel  des 
adultes  ou  'parfah  ou  des  adultes  ou  modere. 
One  that  is  equal  and  regular  in  strength  and 
frequency;  compressible,  and  devoid  of  hardness. 

Pulse,  Organ'ic,  (P.)  Pouls  organique.  One 
which  indicates  the  affected  organ,  or  the  organ 
by  which  an  evacuation  will  take  place. 

PuL^E,  Pec'toral,  (P.)  Pouls  de  I'expectora,- 
tion.  A  critical  pulse,  announcing  the  termina- 
tion of  some  pulmonary  irritation. 

Pulse,  Quick.  One  which  strikes  sharply, 
but  not  forcibly,  against  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Reg'ular,  Pulsus  norma'lis  seu  regu- 
la'ris.  One  whose  pulsations  are  equal,  and  suc- 
ceed each  other  at  equal  intervals. 

Pulse,  Resist'ing,  (F.)  Pouls  resistant.  One 
a  little  tense,  a  little  hard. 

Pulse,  Sharp,  (F.j  Pauls  prompt  ou  vite  ou 
vif.  One  which  strikes  the  finger  sharply,  ra- 
pidly. When  to  a  greater  extent,  it  is  called  a 
jerking  pulse. 

Pulse,  Sharp-tailed,  Pulsus  myurus :  see 
Myurus. 

Pulse,  Simple,  Pulsus  simplex.  A  critical 
pulse,  indicating  an  evacuation  by  one  organ 
only. 

Pulse,  Slow,  Pulsus  tardus  seu  rams,  (F.) 
Pouls  lent  ou  tardif  o\x  rare.  One  which  strikes 
the  finger  slowly. 

Pulse,  Small,  Pulsus  parvifs,  {¥.)  Pouls  petit. 
One  whose  pulsations  are  slender  and  weak. 

Pulse,  Soft,  Pulsus  mollis,  (F.)  Pauls  mou. 
One  which  yields  under  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Stom'achal,  (F.)  Pouls  stomaeal  ou 
de  Vestomac.  One  supposed  to  announce  an  eva- 
cuation by  the  stomach. 

Pulse,  Strong,  Pulsus  fortis,  (F.)  Pouls  fort, 
P.  vehement.  One  which  strikes  the  finger 
strongly. 

Pulse,  Supe'rior,  Pulsus  Superior,  (F.)  Pouls 
superieur.  A  critical  pulse,  supervening  on  irri- 
tation of  organs  situate  above  the  diaphragm. 

Pulse,  Supple,  Pulsus  elas'tieus,  (P.)  Pouls 
souple.  One  in  which  the  pulsations  have  strength 
without  hardness. 

Pulse  op  Sweat,  Pulsus  Sudora'lis,  (P.)  Pouls 
Sudoral  ou  de  la  sueur.  A  critical  pulse,  indi- 
cating an  approaching  perspiration. 

Pulse,  Tense,  P.  Cordy,  Pulsus  tensus,  (F.) 
Pouls  tendu,  P.  roide.  One  in  which  the  artery 
resembles  a  cord  fixed  at  its  two  extremities. 
AVhen  resembling  a  wire,  it  is  called  wirT/. 

Pulse,  Thready,  P.  filiform. 

Pulse,  Trem'ulous,  Pulsus  trem'ulus,  (F.) 
Pouls  tremhlant  ou  palpitant.  One  in  which 
each  pulsation  oscillates. 

Pulse,  Un'dulating,  Pulsus  fluctuo'sus  seu 
fiuens  seu  -inci'dens  Sola'ni,  (P.)  Poxds  ondulant 


ou  ondoyant.     One  which  resembles,  in  its  move- 
ments, those  of  the  waves. 

Pulse,  Une'qual,  Pulsus  incequa'Us,  (F.) 
Pouls  inegal.  One  whose  pulsations  are  not 
alike,  or  return  at  unequal  intervals. 

Pulse,  U'rinal,  Pulsus  urina'lis,  (F.)  Pouls 
de  I' Urine.  A  critical  pulse,  fancied  to  denote 
an  approaching  evacuation  of  urine. 

Pulse,  U'terine,  Pulsus  uteri'nus,  (F.)  Pouls 
Uterine  ou  de  la  Jfatrice  ou  des  Regies.  One 
which  indicates  the  flow  of  the  menses,  or  the 
occurrence  of  metrorrhagia. 

Pulse,  Vag"inal,  Pulsus  vagina' lis.  The 
pulsation  of  the  arteria  vaginalis,  which  is  in- 
creased in  pregnancy,  during  abortion,  labour,  &c. 

Pulse,  Venous,  Pulsus  venarum. 

Pulse,  Vermic'ular.  That  which  imitates 
the  movement  of  a  worm. 

Pulse,  Vi'brating,  Jarring  Pulse.  One  in 
which  the  artery  seems  to  vibrate  like  a  musical 
string. 

Pulse,  Wiry,  see  Pulse,  tense. 

PULSELESS,  Asphyc'los,  Devoid  of  pulsation. 

PULSELESSNESS,  Asphyxia. 

PULSEY,  Cataplasm. 

PULSIF'IC,  Pulsif'ieus;  from  prdsus,  'pulse.' 
That  which  causes  or  excites  pulsation. 

PULSILE'GIUM,  Pulsilo'gium,  Pvlsim'eter, 
from  pulsus,  'the  pulse,'  and  lego,  'I  read.' 
Sphygmole' g ium,  Sph.yginom'eter,  Sphygmoseop'- 
ium.  Any  instrument  for  measuring  the  quick- 
ness or  force  of  the  pulse. 

PULSIMANTI'A,  from  pulsus,  and  iiavrtm, 
'divination.'  The  art  of  predicting  or  prognosti- 
cating by  the  pulse. 

PULSIMETER,  Pulsilegium. 

PULSUS,  Pulse— p.  Acritieus,  Pulse  of  irrita- 
tion—  p.  jEqualis,  Pulse,  equal — -p.  Annuens  et 
eircuranuens.  Pulse,  deficient  — p.  Anormalis, 
Pulse,  irregular — p.  Bicrotus,  Pulse,  dicrotic — p. 
Biferiens,  P.  dicrotic  —  p.  Caprizans,  Pulse,  ca- 
prizant — p.  Cordis,  see  Heart — p.  Crassus,  Pulse, 
large  —  p.  Debilis,  Pulse,  feeble  —  p.  Deficiens, 
Pulse,  deficient — p.  Licrotus,  Pulse,  dicrotic — p. 
Dorcadissans,  Pulse,  caprizant — p.  Duplex,  Pulse, 
dicrotic- — p.  Durus,  Pulse,  hard — p.  Elasticus, 
Pulse,  supple — p.  Pluctuosus,  Pulse,  undulating — 
p.  Fluens,  Pulse,  undulating — p.  Formicans,  For- 
micant,  and  Pulse,  formicant  —  p.  Fortis,  Pulse, 
strong  —  p.  Fusalis,  Pulse,  caprizant  —  p.  Gazel- 
lans.  Pulse,  caprizant  —  p.  Heterochronicus,  see 
Heterochronicus — p  Humilis,  Pulse,  low — p.  In- 
cidens  Solani,  Pulse,  undulating — p.  Intercidens, 
Pulse,  intercurrent-:-p.  Mallearis,  Pulse,  dicrotic 
— p.  Intercisus,  Pulse,  dicrotic  —  p.  Intercurrens, 
Pulse,  intercurrent — p.  Intestinalis,  Pulse,  dicro- 
tic—  p.  Intricatus,  Pulse,  intricate  —  p.  Magnus, 
Pulse,  large — p.  Mollis,  Pulse,  soft. 

Pulsus  Myu'rus,  Pulse  decurtafe  or  sharp- 
tailed,  (F.)  Pouls  myure.  One  which  goes  on 
diminishing.     See  Myurus. 

Pulsus  Nervinus,  Pulse  of  irritation — p.  Nor- 
malis,  Pulse,  regular — -p.  Parvus,  Pulse,  small — 
p.  Plenus,  Pulse,  full  —  p.  Rarus,  Pulse,  slow. 

Pul'sus  Serri'nus,  (F.)  Pouls  serrin  ou  ser- 
ratile.  One  which  strikes,  sometimes  strongly, 
at  others  feeblj',  and  recalls  the  idea  of  a  saw. 

Pulsus  Striatus,  (F.)  Pouls  etroit.  One  that 
strikes  the  finger  to  a  small  extent  in  breadth. 

Pulsus  Sudoralis,  Pulse  of  sweat — p.  Tardus, 
Pulse,  slow  —  p.  Urinalis,  Pulse,  urinal  —  p.  Ute- 
rinus.  Pulse,  uterine. 

Pulsus  Vac'uus,  (P.)  Pouls  vide.  One  which 
gives  the  idea  of  emptiness  of  the  artery. 

Pulsus  Vaginalis,  Pulse,  vaginal. 

Pulsus  Vena'rum,  Venous  Pulse,  Phlehapa'lia. 
A  pulsation  occasionally  noticed  in  the  jugular 
veins.  It  is  owing  to  some  of  the  blood  of  the 
right  ventricle  reflowing  into  the  right  auricle, 


PULTACEOUS 


774 


PULYIS 


and  communicating  an  impulss  to  the  venous 
blood  arriving  in  the  auricle  through  the  descend- 
ing cava.  It  is  often  a  sign  of  impediment  to  the 
flow  of  blood  along  the  pulmonary  artery. 

PULTA'CEOUS,  Pulta'eeus,  (F.)  Fidlaei,  from 
pills,  ptiltis,  'pap,'  or  from  pultaic,  pultatum,  'to 
beat.'  Ptesembling  pap.  Having  a  softened, 
semifluid  appearance. 

POLTATIO,  Atheroma. 

PULTISE,  Cataplasm. 

PULTICULA,  BouUlie. 

PULVEP.ES  EPEERVESCENTES,  Powders, 
soda. 

PULVERI'ZABLE,  PuVverahle.  Prom  pulvis, 
pulveris,  '  dust.'  Capable  of  being  reduced  to 
powder. 

PULVERIZA'TION,  Pulverisa'tio,  Pulvera'- 
tio,  Coniosto'sis,  (P.)  Pulverisation.  The  opera- 
tion of  dividing  substances,  so  as  to  reduce  them 
to  powder. 

Most  drugs  are  reduced  to  powder  by  persons 
■who  make  it  a  special  business,  and  who  are 
called  drug  grinders.  This  is  done  on  a  large 
scale  in  drug  mills  j  and  the  implements  used  are 
the  grinding  mill  and  the  stampiing  mill.  In  the 
shop  of  the  apothecary,  pulverization  is  effected 
by  the  pestle  and  mortar,  and  the  sieve. 

Where  substances  require  the  addition  of  other 
bodies  to  facilitate  their  reduction  'to  powder, — 
as  where  camphor  needs  a  few  drops  of  alcohol — 
the  process  is  called  pulverization  hy  mediation. 

P  UL  VER  OLES,  see  Pulvis. 

PULYER'ULEXT,  Puherulen'tus ;  from  pul- 
vis, pulveris,  '  dust.'  Reduced  to  the  state  of  a  fine 
powder.  Covered,  as  it  were,  with  dust.  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  the  eyes  when  they  appear  dirty, 
and,  as  it  were,  sprinkled  with  dust,  by  reason  of 
granulations  or  grayish  striae,  resulting  from 
thickening  of  the  mucous  fluid  of  the  conjunctiva. 
—  Xysten. 

PULVILLUS,  Pad,  Bourdonnet — p.  e  Lina- 
mentis  eonfectus,  Bourdonnet  —  p.  Rotundus, 
B  ourdonnet. 

PULVI'NAR,  Pulvina'rium.     A  pillow. 

PuLVtsAR  HuMULi,  see  Humulus  lupulus. 

PuLTiNAR  MEDicA'TDir  seu  Medicina'le,  Sac'- 
cuhis  medicina'lis.  A  medicated  pillow;  as  of 
hops. 

PuLViNAE  PARVUjr,  Pad  —  p.  Ventriculi,  Pan- 
creas. 

PULVIS,  Conis,  Powder,  (P.)  Poudre.  A  sub- 
stance, reduced  into  small  particles  by  pulveriza- 
tion. Simple  p)oioders  are  those  of  a  single  sub- 
stance; compound,  those  which  result  from  a  mix- 
ture of  several  different  powders.  An  imjyalpable 
powder  is  one  which  is  so  fine  that  it  can  scarcely 
be  felt  under  the  finger.  Compound  powders 
have  been  called  Species,  (F.)  Especes,  E.  pul- 
virulentes,   Pulveroles. 

Pulvis  Absoebens,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. — 
p.  Adspersorius,  Catapasma — p.  Alexiterius,  P. 
contrayervse  comp.  —  p.  Alexiterius,  P.  ipecacu- 
anhae  compositus — p.  Algarothi,  Algaroth. 

PuLTis  Aloes  Co.hpos'itus,  P.  Aloes  cum 
Guai'aco,  P.  aloet'icus  cum  Guaiaco,  Compound 
po^oder  of  Aloes.  (Aloes,  ^iss,  guaiac.  res.  ^j, 
jndv.  einnam.  comp.  ^ss.  Rub  the  aloes  and 
guaiaeum  separately,  then  mix  the  whole.  Ph.  L.) 
Cathartic,  stomachic,  and  sudorific.  Dose,  gr.  s 
to  9.1. 

Pdlvis  Aloes  cu.u  Caxel'la,  P.  aloes  et  en- 
nellcB,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  P.  Aloet'icus,  Powder  of  Aloes 
ioith  Canella,  Species  Hi' era  pierce,  Hi' era  picra, 
vulg.  Hi'kri/  pi'kry,  Picra,  and  Pi'kry.  {Aloes 
tbj,  canell.  giij.  Rub  separately  into  a  powder, 
and  mix.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  warm  cathartic.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  9j. 

Pulvis  Aloes  cmr  Guaiaco,  P.  A.  composi- 
tus— p.  Aloeticus,  P.  aloes  cum  canella — p.  Alo- 


eticus,  Hiera  picra  —  p.  Aluminosus,  P.  snlphatia 
aluminae  compositus — p.  Aluminis  compositus,  P. 
sulphatis  aluminse  compositus — p.  Aluminis  kino- 
satus,  see  P.  sulphatis  aluminee  compositus. 

Pulvis  de  AiiA'itis  Compos'itus,  P.  antiar- 
thrit'ieus  ama'rus,  (P.)  Poudre  antiarthritique 
amire.  [Gentian.,  aristoloch.  rotund.,  aa  p.  3, 
flor.  centaur,  min.  p.  4,fol.  chamcedr.,  cliamoB- 
pith.  manipul. — f.  pulvis.  Ph.  P.)  In  gouty  af- 
fections, dyspepsia,  itc.     Dose,  gr.  xx. 

Pulvis  Angelicus,  Algaroth  —  p.  Anodynus, 
P.  ipecacuanhse  comp.  —  p.  Antiacidus,  P.  cretae 
compositus  —  p.  Antiacidus,  P.  de  magnesia 
compos. — p.  Antiarthriticus  amarus,  P.  de  ama- 
ris  compositus — p.  Antiarthriticus  purgans,  P.  de 
senna,  scammonea  et  lignis — p.  Antiasthmaticus, 
P.  de  sulphure  et  seilla. 

Pulvis  A>'tilys'sus,  Jfead's  powder  against 
the  hite  of  a  mad  dog.  It  consisted  of  ash-coloured 
livericort  in  powder,  with  an  equal  quantity  of 
black  pepper ;  a  drachm  and  a  half  of  the  two 
forming  a  dose  for  an  adult. 

Pulvis  Antimonialis,  Antimonial  powder. 

Pulvis  de  Arc  Compos'itus,  Compound  Pow- 
der of  Arum,  (P.)  Poudre  de  Birckmann,  [Rad. 
ari,  acori  veri,  pimpinell.  saxifrag.  aa  40  p.,  oeul. 
cancror.  ppt.  12  p.,  einnam.  7  p.,  potasscB  sulph. 
6  p.,  ammonia  muriat.  2  p. — f.  pulv.  Ph.  P.) 
Sternutatory. 

Pulvis  Aromaticus,  P.  cinnamomi  composi- 
tus. 

Pulvis  As'ari  Compos'itus,  P.  stemufato'- 
rius  seu  errhi'nus  seu  capita'lis  Sancii  An'geli 
seu  cephaV icus,  Cephal'ic  snuff.  Compound  poxo- 
der  of  Asarabae'ca,  {¥.)  Poudre  d'asarum  com- 
posee  dite  sternutatoire,  P.  de  Saint-Angp.  (Asar. 
Europ.  p.  3,  origan,  mnjorana,  liivmid.,  sing, 
p.  1.     Rub  into  powder.    Ph.  L.)     Sternutatory. 

Pulvis  Auei,  see  Gold — p.  e  Bolo  composi- 
tus cum  opio,  P.  eretae  compositus  cum  opio  — 
p.  e  Bolo  compositus  sine  opio,  see  P.  eretae 
compositus  —  p.  Cambogias  compositus,  P.  e. 
gummi  gutta — p.  Capitalis  Sancti  Angeli,  Pulvis 
asari  compositus  —  p.  Carbonatis  caleis  composi- 
tus, P.  cretas  compositus  —  p.  Cardiacus,  P.  con- 
trayervae  comp. — p.  Carthusianorum,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  rubrum. 

Pulvis  Cat'echu  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Powder  of  Catechu.  [Catechu,  kino,  aa  3ij;  Ci»i- 
nam.,  myrist.,  aa  gss.)  Dose,  as  an  astringent, 
gr.  sv  to  XXX. 

Pulvis  Catharticus,  P.  scammoneae  comp.— 
p.  Cephalieus,  P.  asari  compositus. 

Pulvis  Cinsamo'mi  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Poioder  of  Cin'namon,  Pulvis  seu  Spe'cies  Impe- 
rato'ris,  Pulvis  aromat'icus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  P.  vita 
Imperato' ris  seu  Diaro'maton,  Species  diacinna- 
mo'mi  seu  Icetifican'tes  Rhazis  seu  Diam'bra  sine 
odora'tis  seu  aromat'ica,  Tra'gea  aromat'iea, 
' Aromatic  powder,  (F.)  Poudre  de  canellc  compo- 
see  ou  aromaiique.  [Cinnam.,  zingib.  aa^^ij,  car- 
dam.,  myrist.  aa  3J.  Rub  to  a  fine  powder.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  carminative.  Dose,  gr.  x 
toBj. 

Pulvis  Cobbii  seu  Tunquinen'sis.  The  fa- 
mous Tonqtiin  pioioder,  introduced  into  England 
by  a  Mr.  Cobb.  It  was  composed  of  16  grains 
of  musk,  and  48  grains  of  cinnabar  ;  and  was 
mixed  in  a  gill  of  arrack.  It  was  formerly  re- 
garded as  a  specific  in  hydrophobia. 

Pulvis  Comitis  Waiiwicensis,  P.  Cornachini 
— p.  Comitissae,  Cinchona. 

Pulvis  Contrayer'v.e  Compos'itus,  P.  cardi'- 
acus  seu  alexite' rius  seu  Mantua'nus,  Lapis  con- 
trayervcB,  Contrayerva  balls,  Compound  Powder 
of  Contrayer'va.  [Contrayerv.  contrit.  ^v,  test, 
prap.  Ibiss.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant  and 
sudorific.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ^ss. 

Pulvis  Cornachi'ni,  P.   Ox'ydi   Stib'ii  com- 


PULVIS 


775 


PULVIS 


pos'itiis  seu  Com'itia  Warwicen'sia  seu  de  Trihus 
seu  Scammo'nii  antimonia'lie,  Diaeeltates'eon 
Paracelsi,  Earl  of  Warioick's  Powder,  Cer'herus 
Tricepa,  (F.)  Poudre  Cornachine.  [Seammon., 
potass,  snpertart.,  antim.  diapJi.  aa  p.  as.  f.  pulvis, 
Ph.  P.)  Cathartic.  Used  chiefly  in  cutaneous 
diseases.     Dose,  Jss  to  ^j. 

PuLVDS  CoRNu  UsTi  Cum  O'pio,  P.  opia'tus, 
Powder  of  Burnt  Hartshorn  with  oirium,  (F.J 
Poudre  de  come  brulee  avec  /'opium.  {Opii  duri 
cont.  3J>  corn.  list,  prcgp.  ^j,  coccor.  cont.  ^j. 
Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Ten  grains  contain  one  of  opium. 
Anodyne. 

Pulvis  Cretaceus,  P.  cretse  compositus. 

Pulvis  Cret^  Cojipos'itus,  P.  Carhona'tis 
Calais  compositus  seu  creta'eeus  seu  ontnc"idus 
seu  terres'tris,  Spe'cies  e  Scor'dio  sine  opio,  S.  Dia- 
cre'tm,  Compound  Powder  of  Chalk,  Bioscord' - 
ium  ;  (with  Bole  Armeniac  in  place  of  chalk- — the 
Pulvis  e  Bolo  compositus  sine  opio ;)  (F.)  Poudre 
de  eraie  comj>osee.  [CretcB ppt.  K)ss,  cinnam.^iv, 
tormentilL,  acacits,  sing,  ^iij,  pip.  long.  ^I'v. 
Reduce  separately  to  a  fine  powder,  and  mix. 
Ph.  L.)  Antacid,  stomachic,  absorbent.  Dose, 
gr.  XX  to  9ij. 

Pulvis  Cret^e  Compos'itus  cum  O'pio,  Com- 
pound Poioder  of  Chalk  with  opium,  P.  e  Cretd 
compositus  cum  opio;  (with  Bole  Armeniac  in- 
stead of  chalk  —  P.  e  Bolo  compositus  cum  opio;) 
Species  e  Scordio  cum  opio,  (F.)  Poudre  de  craie 
comjyosee  avec  I'opiium.  {Pulv.  cret.  c.  §vjss,  opn" 
duri  cont.  Qiv.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Contains  one 
grain  of  opium  in  40.  Anodyne  and  absorbent. 
Dose,  9j  to  9ij. 

Pulvis  Diaphoreticus,  P.  ipecacuanhse  comp. 
— p.  Diapnoicus,  P.  ipecacuanhae  comp. — p.  Dia- 
romaton,  P.  einnamomi  compositus — p.  Diasenie, 
P.  sennae  compos. — p.  Diaturpethi  compositus,  P. 
jalapie  compositus. 

Pulvis  Ducis  Pohtlan'di^,  Buke  of  Port- 
land's Gout  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre  du  Buc  de  Port- 
land ou  de  la  Mirandole.  {Had.  aristoloch.,  gen- 
tiunce,  summit,  chamcedr.,  centaur,  min.  aa  p.  ae.) 
Dose,  3ss  to  ^^j. 

Pulvis  Ejimenagogus,  P.  myrrhae  compositus 
—  p.  Epileptious  Marchionum,  P.  de  magnesia 
compositus  —  p.  Errhinus,  P.  asari  compositus — 
p.  Galaetopoeus,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. 

Pulvis  e  Gujimi  Gutta,  P.  Camho'gim  compo- 
situs i^w  hydrago'gns,  Camhoge  Powder,  (F. )  Pou- 
dre Tiydragogne  ou  de  gonime  gutte  ou  de  Querce- 
ta'nus.  (Bad.  jalap,  24  p.,  rad.  mechoacan.  12 
p.,  cinnam.,  rhei.  aa  8  p.,  gum.  canibog.  .3  p.,  fol. 
soldanellcB  sice.  6  p.,  semin.  anisi  12  p.,  fiat  pulvis. 
Ph.  P.)  A  drastic  cathartic.  In  anasarca  and 
in  worms.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx. 

Pulvis  Gummo'sus  Alkali'.nus,  Sapo  vegeta'- 
hilis,  (F.)  Poudre  de  snvon  vegetal.  {Guaiac. 
23hIv.  32  p.,  potass,  carl.  4  p.  Make  into  a  pow- 
der.   Ph.  P.)     Antacid. 

Pulvis  ex  Helminthocort'o  Compos'itus,  P. 
vermif'ugus  absque  mercu'rio,  (F.)  Poudre  vermi- 
fuge sans  mercure.  [Fuc.  helminthocort.,  sem. 
contra.,  summitat.  absinth.,  tanaceti,  fol.  seordii, 
senncB,  rhei.  aa  p.  SB,  fiat  pulvis.     Ph.  P.)     Dose, 

Bj  to  zi- 

Pulvis  Htdragogus,  P.  e  gummi  gutta  —  p. 
Hydnirgyri  cinereus,  see  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
cinereum  —  p.  Hypnotieus,  Hydrargyri  sulphu- 
retum  nigrum  —  p.  Imperatoris,  P.  einnamomi 
compositus — J).  Incisivus,  P.  de  sulphure  et  scilla 
— p.  Pro  infantibus,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. — p. 
Infantum,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. — p.  Infantum 
antacidus.  P.  de  magnesia  compositus. 

Pulvis  Ipecacuan'HvE  Compos'itus,  P.  alexi- 
te'rius  seu  anod'i/nus  sen  diaphoret'icus  Beudiap- 
no'icns  seu  siidorif'icus  Buve'ri  seu  TpecacuanhcB 
et  Opii  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Compound  Powder  of  Ipecac- 
uanha, Bover's  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre  de  Bover  ou 


d'ipecacuanha  et  d'opiium  ou  de  Bower.  (Tpeca- 
cuanh.  p)ulv.,  opii  pulv.,  sing  3J)  potasses  suljihat. 
^j.     Mix.     Diaphoretic.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr.  xij. 

Pulvis  Ipbcacuanh.*;  et  Opii,  P.  ipecacuanhse 
compositus. 

Pulvis  Jalap'^  Compos'itus,  P.  Biaturpe'thi 
compositus  seu  laxans  seu  p>urgans  seu  laxati'vus 
vegetab'ilis  seu  laxans  cum  sale  seu  Jalap'cB  sali'- 
nus  seu  Jalaj/es  tartar'icus,  Species  BiajalapxF, 
Compound  Powder  of  Jalap,  (F.)  Poudre  de  jalap 
composee.  {Pulv.  jalap).  3J,  potass,  bitart.  ^^ij. 
Mix.)     Cathartic.     Dose,  ^j  to  gij. 

Pulvis  Jalap^e  Salixus,  P.  jalapae  composi- 
tus—  p.  Jalapse  tartaricus,  P.  jalapte  compositus 
—  p.  de  Jalapa  et  scammonio  compositus,  P. 
scammonese  comp.- — p.  Jamesii,  Antimonial  pow- 
der— p.  Jesuitieus,  Cinchona — p.  Joannis  de  Vigo, 
Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

Pulvis  Kino  Compos'itus,  Compound  Powder 
of  kino,  ["E.)  Poudre  de  kino  composee,  [Kino 
^xv,  cinnam.  Jiv,  opii  duri  qJ.  Rub  each  to 
powder,  and  mix.  Ph.  L.)  Astringent.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  sx. 

Pulvis  Laxans,  P.  jalapae  compositus  —  p. 
Laxans  cum  sale,  P.  jalapae  compositus — p.  Lax- 
ativus  vegetabilis,  P.  jalapa  compositus. 

Pulvis  de  Magne'sia  Compos'itus,  P.  Galac- 
topce'us  seu  Nutri' cum  seu  Infan'tum  seu  Infan- 
tum antac"idus  seu  pro  Infau'tibus  seu  antiac"- 
idus  seu  absor'bens  seu  epilep'ticus  3Iarchio'num, 
Com^iound  Powder  of  Magne'sia,  (F.)  Poudre  ab- 
sorbante  et  anti-acide.  \3Iagnesi<B,  sacchar.  5,a 
p.  se.     Mix.     Ph.  P.) 

Pulvis  Mantuanus,  P.  eontrayervse  comp. — 
p.  Marcbionis,  Marchionis  Pulvis — p.  Mereurialis 
cinereus,  Hydrargyri  oxidum  cinereum — p.  ad 
Mucum  pulmonalem  liberius  ciendum,  P.  de  sul- 
phure et  scilla. 

Pulvis  Myrrhs  Compos'itus,  P.  e  Myrrhd 
compositus  seu  ad  ul'cera  tend'inum  seu  emmen- 
agogus.  Compound  Myrrh  Poicder,  (F.)  Poudre 
Balsamique.  (3fyrrhcB,  sabince,  rutcB,  castor.  Puss. 
aa  ^j.)  A  stimulant,  antispasmodic,  and  emme- 
nagdgue.     Dose,  gr.  xv.  to  xl. 

Pulvis  Nutricum,  P.  de  magnesia  compositus 
— p.  Opiatus,  P.  eornu  usti  cum  opio  —  p.  Oxydi 
stibii  compositus,  P.  cornachini  —  p.  ad  Partum, 
Ergot  —  p.  Parturiens,  Ergot  —  p.  de  Phopphate 
calcis  et  stibii  compositus,  Antimonial  pnuiler  — 
p.  Principis,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — p.  Pnr- 
gans,  P.  jalapse  compositus — p.  Quercetuniis, 
Hydrargyri  submurias. 

Pulvis  Quercus  Mari'nje,  Powder  of  Yellou- 
Bladder- Wrack.  (The  wrack  in  fruit,  dried, 
cleaned,  exposed  to  a  red  heat  in  a  crucible  with 
a  perforated  lid,  and  then  reduced  to  powder. 
Ph.  B.)  Virtues  dependent  on  iodine  :  used,  con- 
sequently, in  broncbocele,  <fec.  Dose,  gr.  x  toxL 
See  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

Pulvis  Rhei  Compos'itus,  Compound  Powder 
of  Rhubarb.  {Magnes.  ^j,  zingib.  pulv.  ^\j,  rhei 
pidv.  5iv.  M.  Ph.  E.)  An  antacid  and  laxative. 
Dose,  9J  to  9ij. 

Pulvis  Sali'nus  Compos'itus,  Compound  Sa- 
line Powder.  (Sodii  chlorid.,  magnesia  sulphat., 
aa  3iv,  potas.  sulphat.  ,^iij.  Ph.  E.  Dose,  as  an 
aperient,  two  or  three  drachms  dissolved  in  water. 

Pulvis  ScA:\rMo'NE«  Compos'itus,  P.  e  Scam- 
monio compositus  seu  Scammonii  seu  de  Jalapid  et 
Scammo'nio  compositus  dictus  Cathar'ticus,  Com- 
pound Powder  of  Scammony,  (F.)  Poudre  cafhar- 
tique  ou  Poudre  de  Scammonee  compiosee.  [Scani- 
mon.,  ext.  jalap,  dur.,  sing.,  ^ij,  zingib.  ,^s?.  Rub 
separately  to  powder,  and  mix.  Ph.  L.)  Cathar- 
tic.    Dose,  gr.  viij  to  gr.  xv. 

Pulvis  Scammo'nii  cum  Aloe.  P.  e  Scammonio 
cum  Aloe,  Scammony  and  Aloes  Powder.  (Seam- 
mon.  ,^vj,  ext.  jalap,  dur.,  aloes  Socotr.  aS,  ^iss, 
zing.  §ss.)     Cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xv. 


PUMEX 


776 


PUPIL 


PuLVis  ScAMMONn  Antimonialis,  p.  eorna-  ' 
chini.  I 

PuLVIS  Sesn^  CojipOS'itus,  p.  e  Senna  com-  \ 
positus  seu  e  Send  composiius  seu  Diase'ntB,  ' 
Compound  Powder  of  Senna,  (F.)  Poiidre  de  sene  \ 
eomposee.  (Senna,  polas.  supertart.,  sing.,  ^ij,  ! 
seammon.  ^ss,  zingib.  ^ij-  P^-  L.)  Cathartic,  j 
hydragogue.     Dose,  Qj  to  ^j- 

Pdlvis  de  Senna,  Scammo'nea  etLignis  Com- 
por'itus  dictus  Antiarthrit'icus  Purgans,  (P.) 
Poudre  de  Perard.  {Gum  Arab.,  piot ass.  super- 
tart., fol.  senncB,  chince,  aa  4  p.,  seammon.,  rad. 
sarsnpar.,  chince, guaiac.  lign.  aa  2  p.,  fiat  pulvis. 
Ph.  P.)  Purgative.    Used  to  obviate  gout.   Dose, 

Pulvis  Stanni,  see  Tin — p.  Sternutatorius,  P. 
asari  corapositus — p.  Stibiatus,  Antimonial  pow- 
der ■ —  p.  Stypticus,  P.  Sulphatis  aluminse  com- 
positus — p.  Sudorificus,  P.  ipecaeuanhEe  comp. — 
p.  Sudorificus  Doveri,  P.  ipecacuanhse  compo- 
situs. 

Pulvis  Sulpha'tis  Alu'min^e  Compos'itus, 
P.  alumino'sus  seu  alu'minis  kinosa'tus  seu  str/jy'- 
licus  seu  aluminis  compositus,  Alu'men  Jcinosa'- 
tura,  Compound  Alum  Poicder,  (F.)  Poudre  sti/p- 
tique  ou  d'alum  eomposee.  {Sulphatis  alumina, 
p.  iv,  kino,  p.  1.  Ph.  E.)  Astringent.  In  in- 
testinal hemorrhage  and  diarrhoea.  Dose,  gr. 
X  to  XV. 

Pulvis  de  Sul'phure  et  Scilla,  P.  antiasth- 
mat'icus  seu  ineisi'vus  seu  ad  mucum  pulmona'- 
lem  libe'rius  cien'dum,  (F.)  Poudre  incisive  ou 
anti-asthmatique.  {Sacchar.,  p.  3,  sulphur,  lot.ip. 
2,  scillcB.  siccat.  p.  j.  Ph.  P.)  Dose,  gr.  v  to 
5ss. 

Pulvis  de  Sulpha'te  Potas's^  Coirpos'iTus, 
P.  tem'perans  Stah'lii,  (F.)  Poudre  temperante  de 
^Stahl.  [Potass,  sulph.,  P.nitrat.  aa  9  p.,  hydrarg, 
sulph.  ruhr.  2  p.  Mix.  Ph.  P.)  As  an  anti- 
phlogistic, and  in  acidity  of  the  first  passages. 
Dose,  9j  to  9ij. 

Pulvis  e  Sulphure'to  Hydkar'gyri  Nigro 
ET  ScAMiro'Nio,  dictus  Vermif'ugus  Mercuria'- 
LIS,  (F.)  Poudre  vermifuge  mercurielle.  (Pulv. 
cornachin.,  hydrarg. auJphuret.  nigr.  recent,  prsep., 
aa  p.  as.    Mix.  Ph.  P.)     Dose,  Qj  to  _^ss. 

Pulvis  Sympatheticus,  Sympathetic  powder 
—  p.  Teraperans  Stahlii,  P.  de  sulphate  potassae 
compositus — p.  Terrestris,  P.  cretas  compositus. 

Pulvis  Tragacan'th^  Compos'itus,  P.  e  Tra- 
gacan'thd  compositus.  Species  Diatragacan'thcB 
frig"idcB,  Compound  Poicder  of  Tragacanth ,  (F.) 
Poudre  de  gomme  adragant  eomposee.  {Traga- 
canth. contus.,  acacicB  cont.,  amyli,  sing.,  Aiss, 
saceh.  pni-if.  ^iij.  Ph.  L.)  Demulcent.  In 
coughs,  <&c.     Dose,  ^^ss  to  J^iij. 

Pulvis  de  Tribus,  P.  cornachini — p.  Tonqui- 
nensis,  P.  Cobbii  —  p.  ad  Uleera  tendinura,  P. 
myrrhffi  compositus — p.  Vermifugus  absque  mer- 
eurio,  Pulvis  ex  helminthocorto  comp. — p.  Ver- 
mifugus mercurialis,  P.  e  sulphureto  hydrargyri 
nigro  et  scammonio — p.  Yitse  Imperatoris,  P.  cin- 
namomi  compositus. 

PUMEX,  Laj}is  jju'micis.  Pumice,  (F.)  Pierre 
Ponce.  This  was  formerly  employed  as  a  desicca- 
tive  and  dentifrice. 

PUMICE.  Pumex. 

PUMILIO,  Nanus. 

PUMILUS,  see  Nanus. 

PUMMEL-FOOT,  Kyllosis. 

PUMP,  BREAST,  Antlia  laetea— p.  Stomach, 
Stomach  pump. 

PUMPKIN,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

PUNA,  (S.)  Veta,  Soroceo,  Soroche,  Ifareo  ; 
Hypson'osus,  Mountain  Sickness,  (F.)  ifal  de 
Montague.  A  sickness  common  in  the  elevated 
districts  of  South  America  and  elsewhere,  which 
attacks  those  unaccustomed  to  breathe  the  rare- 
Bed    atmosphere.     It    strongly   resembles    sea- 


sickness, with  a  most  acute  and  depressing  throb- 
bing in  the  head.  It  does  not  often  affect  tho 
respiration  greatly. 

PUNAISE.  Cimex. 

PUNAISIE,  Ozffina. 

PUNCH,  Jihi'zagra,  from  pungere,  pmnctv.w, 
'to  prick.'  Pepulso'riuyn,  (F.)  Eepoussoir.  A 
surgical  instrument  used  for  extracting  the 
stumps  of  teeth.     See  Lever. 

Also,  an  agreeable  alcoholic  drink,  made  of 
spirit,  wine,  sugar,  lemon  juice,  and  water.  Milk 
is  sometimes  substituted  in  part  for  the  water  :  it 
then  forms  2Iilk  Punch. 

PUNCTA  OSSIFICATIONIS,  Ossification, 
points  of. 

PUNCTA  MUCOSA,  see  Acne. 

PUNCTICULA,  Petechia;. 

PUNCTIO,  Paracentesis,  Puncture — p.  Nervi, 
Neuron  varme. 

PUNCTUM,  Stitch. 

PuNCTUll  Au'recji,  Punctu'ra  au'rea.  For- 
merly, when  an  intestinal  hernia  was  reduced  by 
an  incision  made  through  the  integuments  down 
to  the  upper  part  of  the  spermatic  vessels,  a 
golden  wire  was  fixed  and  twisted,  so  as  to  pre- 
vent the  descent  of  any  thing  down  the  tunica 
vaginalis.     Hence  the  term. 

PuNCTUM  Ctecum,  see  Optic  nerve  —  p.  Lacry- 
male.  Lachrymal  punctum. 

PuNCTUM  Sa'liens,  P.  sanguin'eum  sa'liens, 
Glob'ulus  sanguin'eus,  Punctus  ruber  sa'liens. 
The  first  moving  pioint  which  makes  its  appear- 
ance after  the  fecundation  of  the  germ.  It  has 
been  generally,  but  erroneously,  applied  to  the 
heart  of  the  embryo. 

PUNCTURA,  Paracentesis  —  p.  Aurea,  Punc- 
tum aureum. 

PUNCTURE,  Punctu'ra,  Punc'tio,  Cente'sis, 
Paracenie'sis,  Nyxis,  from  pungere,  punctum,  'to 
prick  ;'  Tresis  Puncfura,  (F.)  Piqnre.  A  wound 
made  by  a  pointed  instrument,  as  a  sword,  bayo- 
net, needle,  thorn,  <fec.  A  puncture  is,  generally, 
of  trifling  consequence;  but,  sometimes,  it  be- 
comes important  from  the  parts  implicated,  and 
the  after  consequences. 

PUNCT'URING.  Same  etymon.  Compnnc'- 
tio,  Paracenie'sis.  (F.)  Ponction.  The  operation 
of  opening,  by  means  of  a  trocar,  lancet,  &c.,  any 
natural  or  accidental  cavity,  with  the  view  of 
evacuating  any  fluid,  effused  or  accumulated 
therein.     Paracentesis  is  a  sort  of  puncturing. 

PUNCTUS  RUBER  SALIENS,  Punctum 
saliens. 

PUNGENT,  (F.)  Pongitif.  Same  etymon. 
Pain  is  said  to  be  pungent,  when  it  seems  as  if  a 
pointed  instrument  were  forced  into  the  suffering 
part. 

PU'NICA  GRANA'TUM.  The  Pomegranate, 
Rhoa,  Rhoea,  Grana'tum,  Malograna'tiim,  (F.) 
Grenadier:  Ord.  Myrtacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosi^n- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  rind  of  the  fruit,  called 
3/alicho'rium,  MaIc(Corium,  Malicorium,  Gra- 
na'ti  Fructus  Cortex  (Ph.  U.  S.)  ;  and  the  flowers 
—  called  Balausiine  flowers  —  are  used  in  medi- 
cine. They  have  been  employed  both  internally 
and  externally  as  astringents.  The  seeds  are 
called  Coceo'nes,  kokkuivi^.  The  portion,  however, 
of  the  plant,  that  has  attained  most  celebrity,  is 
the  bark  of  the  root,  Grana'ti  Radi'cis  Cortex 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  which  appears  to  be  very  efficacious 
in  taenia.  It  is  given  in  decoction,  {Granat.  rad. 
corf,  ^ij  ;  AqucB  Oij,  boiled  to  Oiss.)  Dose,  f§ij, 
every  half  hour.  Three  or  four  doses  are  usually 
sufiBcient  to  expel  the  worm. 

The  bark  contains  a  peculiar  matter  called 
Grenadin. 

PUNK,  Boletus  igniarius. 

PUOGENIA,  Pyogenia, 

PUPIL,    Pupil'la,   Pu'pula,  Pupil'io,    Vis'io, 


PUPILL^  VELUM 


777 


PURSLANE 


Opsts,  Core,  Cora,  Rho.v,  Fenes'tra  seu  Nigrum 
seu  Fura'men  Oc'uli,  Prunel'la,  Lumen,  Glene, 
Sight  or  Apple  or  Ball  of  the  eye,  (Sc.)  Blak  of 
the  Eie,  (Prov.)  Candle,  (P.)  Pujyille,  Prunelle. 
The  aperture  of  the  iris,  through  which  the  rays 
of  light  pass  that  have  to  impress  the  image  of  an 
object  on  the  retina.  This  aperture  can  be  di- 
lated or  contracted  so  as  to  allow  a  greater  or 
smaller  quantity  of  luminous  rays  to  penetrate. 
The  pupil,  in  man,  is  round,  and  by  it  the  ante- 
rior and  posterior  chambers  of  the  eye  commu- 
nicate with  each  other.  In  the  foetus,  during  the 
first  six  months  of  gestation,  it  is  closed  by  the 
pupillary  membrane. 

Pupil,  Closure  of  the,  Synezizis. 

Pupil,  Pinhole.  A  condition  of  the  pupil  in 
typhus,  in  which  it  is  so  contracted  as  to  resem- 
ble a  pinhole.  It  indicates  a  dangerous  form  of 
brain  alfeotion. 

PUPILL^  VELUM,  Pupillary  membrane. 

PUPILLARIS  HERBA,  Lapsana. 

PU'PILLARY,  Pupilla'ris,  (P.)  Pupillaire. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  pupil. 

Pupillary  Membrane,  ilemhra'na  Pupilla'- 
ris,  Pupil'lcB  vehnn,  Memhra'mi  Wachendorfia' na. 
The  central  aperture  of  the  iris  is  closed,  in  the 
foetus,  during  a  certain  period  of  gestation,  by  a 
very  thin  membrane.  It  disappears  in  the  seventh 
month. 

PUPPET  ROOT,  Veratrum  viride. 

PUPPIS  OS,  Frontal  bone. 

PUPULA,  Pupil. 

PU'PUL^,  A'pices  difjito'rum.  The  pulps  or 
extremities  of  the  fingers. 

PURBLIND,  Myopic. 

PURBLINDNESS,  Myopia. 

PURGAMENT.  Purgative. 

PURGAMENTA,  Excrement  — p.  Alba,  Leu- 
corrhoea  —  p.  Infantis,  Meconium — p.  Puerperii, 
Lochia  —  p.  Uteri,  Lochia. 

PURGANS  MEDICAMENTUM,  Cathartic. 

PURGATIO,  Catharsis  — p.  Alvi,  Catharsis  — 
p.  Muliebris  alba,  Leucorrhcea  —  p.  Puerperii, 
Lochia. 

PURGATION,  Catharsis. 

PURGATIONES,  Menses  — p.  Menstrua?, 
Menses. 

PURGATTONS,  Menses. 

PUR'GATIVE,  Purgati'vus,  Purgans,  3foch'- 
Uqus,  Catoret'icus,  Catoter'icus,  Cnthar'tic,  Pur'- 
gament,  Purge,  (P.)  Purgatif,  from  2}urgare,  j)ur- 
gatum,  'to  cleanse.'  A  medicine  which  operates 
more  powerfully  on  the  bowels  than  a  laxative, 
stimulating  the  muscular,  and  exciting  increased 
secretion  from  the  mucous, coat. 

PURGE,  Purgative  —  p.  Root,  Euphorbia  co- 
rollata. 

PURGING,  Diarrhoea. 

PURIP'ICANS,  Puri/'icHS,  from  purijlcare, 
'  to  make  pure  or  clean.'     Purifying  ;  hence  :  — 

PuRiFiCANTiA,  Medicines  that  cleanse  or  purify 
the  blood. 

PURIPICUS,  Purificans. 

PU'RIPORM,  Puriform'is,  from  pus,  piuris, 
anA  forma.     Having  the  appearance  of  pus. 

PURL.  A  medicated  malt  liquor,  in  which 
wormwood  and  aromaties  are  infused. 

PURO-HEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 

PURO-MUCOUS,  Puro-muco'sus,  from  pus, 
pnris,  and  mucus.  Having  the  character  or  ap- 
pearance of  pus  and  mucus. 

PURPLE  OF  CASSIUS,  (P.)  Pourpre  de 
Cassius.  A  precipitate,  obtained  by  adding  the 
protochloride  of  tin  to  a  dilute  solution  of  gold  ; 
or  by  dipping  rods  of  tin  in  a  solution  of  gold  in 
diluted  chlorohydric  acid.     Used  in  syphilis. 

PURPLES,  Purpura  hsemorrhagica. 

PUR'PURA,  Por'phyra,  'a  purple  colour.' 
This  word  has   been  employed  in   many  senses. 


It  generally  means,  livid  spots  on  the  skin  from 
extravasated  blood,  with  languor  and  loss  of 
muscular  strength,  pains  in  the  limbs.  —  (F.) 
Pour2}re. 

In  Purpura  Simplex,  Porp^'yra  simplex,  Pe- 
techia sinefehre,  Pelio'sis,  Phoenig'mus  Petechia'- 
lis,  Profti'sio  suhcula' nea,  Pete'chial  Scurvy,  the 
spots  are  numerous,  but  small  and  flea-bite- 
shaped:  chiefly  on  the  breast,  arms,  and  legs; 
with  paleness  of  countenance.  At  times,  the 
affection  is  accompanied  by  severe  pains  in  the 
extremities,  constituting  Pelio'sis  rheuniat'ica. 

In  Purpura  HiEMORRHAG"icA,  Porph'yra  ]im- 
morrhng"ica,  Sto?nac'ace  universa'lis,  Hamorrhn- 
gia  universa'lis,  Petechiano'sis,  jiJorlus  maculo'sua 
hamorrhag"  icua  Werlhof'ii,  Pelio'sis  hcemor- 
rhag"ica,  Scorhu'tus,  Schorhu'tus,  Hcemorrhoe'a 
petechia'lis,  Hcp.matospil'ia,  Land  Scurvy,  Pur- 
ples, (F.)  Scorhut,  S.  de  Terrc,  Maladie  de  WerU 
hof,  Hemacelinose,  Pelinse  hemorrhagique  —  tho 
spots  are  circular,  and  of  different  sizes;  often  in 
stripes  or  patches,  irregularly  scattered  over  the 
thighs,  arms,  and  trunk;  with  occasional  heemor- 
rhage  from  the  mouth,  nostrils,  or  viscera,  and 
great  debility  and  depression  of  spirits. 

In  Purpura  Nau'tica,  Porphyra  nantiea, 
Scorhu'tus,  Peehytyrhe,  Gingibra'chium,  Gingipe'- 
dium,  Scelotyr'he,  Stomac'ace,  Scorhu'tus  nau'ti- 
cns.  Sea  scurvy,  (Sc.)  Scruhie,  (F.)  Scorhut, 
there  are  spots  of  different  hues,  intermixed  with 
the  livid,  principally  at  the  roots  of  the  hair;  the 
teeth  are  loose;  the  gums  are  spongy  and  bleed- 
ing; the  breath  is  fetid,  and  the  debility  univer- 
sal and  extreme.  This  occurs  chiefly  at  sea, 
after  exposure  to  a  moist,  cold,  foul  atmosphere ; 
with  long  use  of  one  kind  of  food  and  of  stag- 
nant water. 

All  these  varieties  of  purpura  considerably  re- 
semble each  other.  In  the  first  two,  however,* 
there  seems,  at  times,  to  be  some  excitement, 
which  has  led  to  the  employment  of  purgatives, 
and  even  of  bleeding,  with  advantage.  They 
are  dependent  upon  a  peculiar  diathesis,  which 
has  been  termed  Scorhu'tie  Cachex'ia,  Lues  Scor- 
bn'tica,  and  Cacochym'ia  Scorhu'tica.  Generally 
speaking,  the  use  of  the  mineral  acids  will  be  in- 
dicated ;  and,  in  sea  scurvy,  vegetable  acids  must 
be  regarded  as  the  best  antiscorbutics.  Nitre  is, 
also,  a  good  antiscorbutic,  and  in  cases  of  great 
prostration  it  may  be  united  with  cinchona 
or  turpentine.  Tamarinds  and  cream  of  tartar, 
made  into  drink,  are  also  serviceable.  But  the 
great  remedy  is  change  from  low  to  cheerful  spi- 
rits; from  filth  to  cleanliness;  and  from  a  cold 
and  damp,  to  a  temperate  and  dry  climate,  with 
change  of  food,  and  especially  the  use  of  green 
vegetables. 

The  general  principles  of  management  are  the 
same  in  sea,  as  in  land  scurvy. 

Purpura,  Scarlatina — p.  Alba  benigna  et  ma. 
ligna.  Miliary  fever  —  p.  Maligna,  Petechise — p 
Miliaris,  Miliary  fever — p.  Puerperarum,  Miliary 
fever  —  p.  Urticata,  Urticaria. 

PURPURIC  URINE,  see  Porphvruria. 

PURPURINE,  see  Porphyruria. " 

PURPURISSUM,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

PURRING  TREMOR,  Frhnissement  eataire. 

PURSE,  Scrotum — p.  Shepherd's,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

PUR'SINESS,  Dyspince'a  pinguedino'sa,  (F.) 
Pousse.  Dyspnoea  accompanied  with  oppressive 
fatness.  The  word  is,  also,  applied  to  dyspnoea 
of  every  kind.  One  so  afi'ected  is  said  to  be  pursy, 
or  short-winded,  (Prov.)  Short-of-puff,  Thick- 
listed,  (P.)  Poussif. 

PURSLAIN,  Purslane. 

PURSLANE,  Portulaca  — p.  Milk,  Euphorbia 
corollata  and  E.  maculata  —  p.   Speedwell,  Ve- 


PURSY 


PYLEPHLEBITIS 


ronlca  peregrina  —  p.  AVater,  Ludwigia  palustris, 
Veronica  beccabunga. 

PURSY,  see  Pursiness. 

PURULEXCE,  Pus,  Suppuration. 

PURULEXCY,  Pus,  Suppuration. 

PU'RULEXT,  Purulen'tus,  Em'pyos,  Pyo'des, 
Py'icHs,  from  pus,  jmris.  That  which  has  the 
character  of  pus  or  consists  of  pus ;  as  purulent 
matter,  a  purtileiit  collection,  &o. 

Purulent  Deposit,  Pus. 

PURULEXTIA,  Suppuration. 

PURYAIX,  Verbena  oflBcinalis. 

PUS,  Humor  purulen'tus,  Pyon,  Pyono'ma, 
Matter,  Pu'riilent  clepon'it,  Pu'rulence,  Pu'rulency, 
(Sc.)  Woursum,  Worsum.  A  secretion  from  in- 
flamed textures,  and  especially  from  the  areolar 
membrane.  It  is,  almost  always,  of  the  same  na- 
ture, whatever  may  be  the  part  it  proceeds  from. 
Pus  of  a  good  quality, — laudable  pus.  Pus  honum 
seu  laudab'ile  seu  nutriti'vum  seu  verum,  (F.) 
Pus  louahle,  —  is  of  a  yellowish-white  colour, 
opake,  inodorous,  and  of  a  creamy  appearance. 
Heat,  acids,  and  alcohol  coagulate  it.  AVhen 
analyzed  by  Schwilgue,  it  afforded  albumen  and 
water,  a  particular  extractive  substance,  and  a 
small  quanty  of  soda,  phosphate  of  lime,  and 
other  salts.  Normal  pus  consists  essentially  of 
two  distinct  parts,  jius  corpuscles  or  pus  fflohules, 
Cytoid  corpuscles,  (Henle)  —  and  a  colourless, 
aqueous  fluid,  liquor  pjuris,  in  which  the  corpus- 
cles are  suspended.  A  variety  of  the  pus  cor- 
puscles is  described  by  M.  Lebert  under  the  name 
pyoid.     Fully  formed  pus  is  aplastic. 

Pus  BoNUM,  see  Pus  —  p.  Corpuscles,  see  Pus 

—  p.  Corrosivum,  Sanies  —  p.  Globules,  see  Pus 

—  p.  Laudable,  see  Pus  —  p.  Louahle,  see  Pus  — 
p.  Malignum,  Ichor — p.  Malignum,  Sanies  —  p. 
Nutritivum,  see  Pus  —  p.  Verum,  see  Pus. 

.     PUSH,  Pustule. 

PUSILLA'TUM,  Pusula'tum,  from  pusiUus, 
'small'  [?].     A  coarse  powder. 

PUSILLUS,  Nanus. 

PUSKILE,  Pustule. 

PUSTULA,  Pustule  —  p.  Ardens,  Eczema — p. 
Oris,  A.phthaj — p.  Gangrsenosa,  see  Anthrax — p. 
Livida  Esthonise,  see  Anthrax. 

PustuLjE  Sicc^,  Lichen. 

PUSTULAR,  Pustulous,  Pustula'ris,  Pustulo'- 
eus,  (F.)  Pusfuleux.  Of  or  belonging  to  pustules. 
Affected  with  pustules. 

PUSTULA'TION,  Pustula'tio,  from  pustula, 
*a  pustule.'     The  formation  of  pustules. 

PUSTULE,  Puskile.  Push,  Pus'tula,  from  pus. 
Eepye'sis,  Ecthy'ma,  Benath,  Buhe,  Epanns'tasis. 
An  elevation  of  the  cuticle,  with  an  inflamed 
base,  containing  pus.  Willan  and  Bateman 
reckon  four  varieties  of  pustules,  Phlyza'cium, 
Psydra'cium,  Achor,  and  Favns.  The  variolous 
pustule  is  often  called,  by  the  French,  Grain;  by 
us,  Pock. 

PUSTULE  BLALTGNE,  see  Anthrax. 

PUSTULOUS,  Pustular. 

PUSULATUM.  Pusillatum, 

PUT  TO  BED,  Deliver. 

PUTAMEX  OVL  see  Membrana  putaminis. 

PUTIUM.  Prepuce. 

PUTREDO,  Hospital  Gangrene,  Putrefaction. 

PUTREFAC'TIOX,P»?;-eA'c'<,-o,Pu«rescpn'n-a. 
Sep)sis,  S'lp' rotes,  Se'pedon,  Putrid  or  Putrefact'ive 
fermentation,  from  pufris,  putre,  'rotten,'  and 
facere,  'to  make.'  A  decomposition,  experienced 
by  animal  substances,  when  deprived  of  life,  and 
placed  under  special  circumstances.  The  pre- 
sence of  water  is  indispensable,  the  temperature 
most  favourable  to  it,  is  from  60°  to  90°  of 
Fahrenheit.  The  most  common  products  of  pu- 
trefaction are,  water,  carbonic  acid,  acetic  acid, 
ammonia,  carburetted  hydrogen,  and  a  semi- 
putrid  substance,  which  is  volatilized,  and  has  an 


infected  odour.  It  has  been  supposed  that  some- 
thing like  putrefaction  may  occur  in  the  living 
body,  as  in  case  of  putrid  fever.  To  this  condi- 
tion, Piorrj-  has  given  the  name  Typholce' mia, 
conceiving  it  to  be  owing  to  alteration  of  the 
blood  hy  putrid  animal  matters.  Putrefaction 
signifies  the  state  of  becoming  putrid  :  whilst  Pu- 
tridity, Putre'do,  Putrid'itas,  Pu'tridness,  (F.) 
Pourriture,  is  the  state  of  rottenness. 

PUTRESCENT,  Hyposaprus— p.  Poison,  see 
Poison. 

PUTRESCEX'TIA,  Putrefaction  —  p.  Uteri 
gravidi,  Hystero-malacia. 

'P\JTRlb,Pu'tridus,  Sajjros,  Sepedono'des,  (F.) 
Putride,  from  putreo,  'to  rot.'  An  epithet  for 
some  affections,  in  which  the  matters  excreted 
and  the  transpiration  itself  exhale  a  smell  of  pu- 
tridity.    It  is  particularlv  applied  to  typhus. 

PUTRIDITAS,  see  Putrefaction. 

PUTRIDITY,  see  Putrefaction. 

PUTRILA'GO,  Putror,  (F.)  PutrUnge.  Same 
etymon.  The  pultaceous  matter  or  slough,  which 
forms  in  certain  gangrenous  and  other  ulcers, 
and  is  thrown  off. 

PUTROR,  Putrilage. 

PUTZOCHILL,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

PUXIRI,  see  Pichurim  beans. 

PYJEMIA.  Pyohamia. 

PYAR'THRUM,  from  tvov,  'pus,'  and  apBpov, 
'joint.'     A  suppurated  joint. 

PYCNAX'THEMUM  IXCA'NUM,  (ttvxvo;, 
'dense,'  and  av^e^iov,  'a  blossom.')  Clinopod'ium 
inca'num.  Common  Jlountain  Jilint,  Wild  Basil. 
An  indigenous  plant  of  the  mint /a?/i?7t/ — Ord. 
Labiatas  —  which  flowers  in  August.  It  has  the 
aromatic  properties  of  the  mints. 

Pycnan'thejiumLinifo'lium,  Virginia  Thyme, 
has  like  virtues. 

PYCXICMASTICA,  Incrassantia. 

PYCXOSIS,  Inspissatio. 

PYCXOTICA,  Incrassantia, 

PYEC'CHYSIS,  from  tvov,  'pus,'  and  tK'xyai^, 
'effusion.'     An  efi"usion  of  pus. 

PYELFTIS,  (F.)  Py^ite,  from  -vtUg,  'pelvis,' 
and  -itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  pelvis  and  ealices  of  the  kidney. 

PYELOMETER.  Pelvimeter. 

PYELONEPHRI'TIS,  from  vveUi,  'pelvis,' 
ve<l)pos,  '  kidney,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  kidney,  and  of  the  pelvis  and 
caliees, 

PYELOS,  Pelvis. 

PYEMESIS,  Pyoemesis. 

PYESIS,  Suppuration. 

PYETIA,  Colostrum,  Rennet. 

PYGE,  Nates. 

PYGM^US,  Pygmy. 

PYGME.  Fist,  Forearm. 

PYGJTEE,  Pygmy. 

PYGMY,  Pigmy,  PygmcB'ua,  (F.)  Pygm^e,  from 
-vyni,  'the  fist;  as  big  as  the  fist.'  A  dwarf. 
The  Pygmsei  were  a  fabulous  nation  of  dwarfs  in 
the  extreme  parts  of  India;  or,  according  to 
others,  in  Ethiopia. 

PYGODID'YMUS,  Did'ymus  symphyoperince' - 
us.  Pygop'ages,  from  irvyn,  'the  nates,'  and  iicv- 
txoi,  '  a  twin.'  A  monstrosity,  in  which  twins  are 
united  by  the  sacrum  and  coccyx. 

PYGOM'ELES,  (F.)  Pygomele,  from  Tri-yi?,  'the 
nates,'  and  /jEXtof,  '  unprofitable.'  A  monster  with 
excessive  growth  on  the  nates  or  rump. 

PYGOPAGES,  Pygodidymus. 

PYICUS,  Purulent. 

PYLE,  Porta. 

PYLEMPHRAX'IS,  from  ■!,v\r,,  'porta,'  'a, 
gate,'  and  t^/^pafts,  'obstruction.'  Obstruction  of 
the  vena  porta. 

PYLEPHLEBPTIS,  from  -nvM,  'porta,'  <f\t^\,, 


PYLORIC 


7  79        PYR AMIDES  ANTMIEURES 


<p\cPo;,  'a.  vein,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflauunati'in  of  the  vena  porta. 

PYLORIC,  Pylor'icus,  (F.)  Ptjlonqxie.  Same 
etymon  as  pylorus.  That  which  relates  to  the 
pylorus.     An  epithet  given  to  different  parts. 

PYLORIC  Artery,  Ai-te'n'a  Corona'ria  dextra, 
(F.)  Petite  artere  gastriqiie  droits,  arises  from  the 
hepatic,  and  is  distributed  to  the  pylorus  and  to 
the  lesser  curvature  of  the  stomach,  anastomosing, 
particularly,  with  the  A.  coronaria  ventriculi  and 
A.  gastro-epiploica  dextra. 

PyLOi'.ic  Vein  follows  the  same  distribution  as 
the  artery. 

PYLORTQUE,  Pyloric. 

PYLO'RUS,  Jan'ito)-,  Portnna'rium,  from  ttv^ij, 
'a  gate,'  and  ovpos,  'a  guardian.'  O'i'tiwn  veu- 
tric'uli  duodena' le  sen  pi/lor'icum  seu.  dextrum  seu 
infe'rin8,  Orific"ium  dextrum  seu  in/erina  seu 
Egres'siis  seu  Os  infe'rius  seu  An'nidus  seu  Sphinc- 
ter veiitric'uli,  Ostia'rius,  Hostia'rius,  (F.)  Pylore. 
The  lower  or  right  orifice  of  the  stomach — Orifice 
intestinal  (Ch.)  —  is  called  Pylorus,  because  it 
closes  the  entrance  into  the  intestinal  canal,  and 
is  furnished  with  a  circular,  flattened,  fibro-mu- 
eous  ring,  which  occasions  the  total  closure  of 
the  stomach  during  digestion  in  that  organ.  This 
ring  has  been  called  the  Vcdve  of  the  Pylorus, 
Sphincter  Pylo'ri,  Pylo'rus  ^iroprie  sic  dictus,  (F.) 
Valvule  du  pylore.  It  is  a  fold  of  the  mucous 
and  muscular  membranes  of  the  stomach;  and 
is  the  Pyloric  muscle  of  some  authors. 

PyO,  in  composition,  means  'pus,'  from  rvov, 
'  pus.' 

PYOBLENNICUS.  Mucopurulent. 

PYOBLENNOP>,RH(E'A,  hompyo,  and  jSXtwa, 
'  mucus,'  and  psu,  'I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  puri- 
form  niueus. 

PYOCENO'SIS,  from^yo,  and  ksvuxjis,  'evacua- 
tion.'    Evacuation  of  pus. 

PYOCHEZ'IA,  Biarrhce'a  purulen'ta,  from 
pyo,  and  x^^'^'  '  I  go  to  stool.'  Discharge  of  pus 
by  stool.     Pnrulent  diarrhoea. 

PYOCCE'LIA,  Asci'tea  ])urulen'tns,  from  pyo, 
and  (foiXia,  '  the  belly.'  Pus  in  the  abdominal 
cavitv. 

PYOCYSTIS,  Vomica. 

PYODES,  Purulent. 

PYCEDE'MA,  from  pyo,  and  oiirifia,  'swelling.' 
Tumefctction  of  the  surface  owing  to  effusion  of 
pus. 

PYOEM'ESIS,  Pyem'esis,  Vom'itus purulent'us, 
from  pyo,  and  t/ito-ij,  'the  act  of  vomiting.' 
Vomiting  of  pus. 

PYOGENESIS,  Pyogenia. 

PYOGEN'IA, P«o(/en'ia,  Pyoc/en'esis,  Pyopoe'- 
sis,  irotn  pyo,  and  ycveatg,  'generation.'  Genera- 
tion of  pus.  The  theory  or  mechanism  of  the 
formation  of  pus.  Some  have  believed  that  pus 
is  formed  by  the  arterial  system,  and  is  deptsited, 
by  way  of  excretion,  in  the  inflamed  parts  ;  others, 
that  it  is  formed  by  the  destruction  of  solid  parts. 
It  seems  to  be  owing  to  a  degeneration  of  the 
liquor  sanguinis  and  exudation  corpuscles. 

PvoGRNiA.  CoRROSiVA,  Ulceration — p.  Simplex, 
Suppuration. 

P  Y  0  G  E  N '  I C,  Pyogen'ieua.  Same  etymon. 
Having  relation  to  the  formation  of  pus. 

PYOn^'MIA,  Pym'mia,  (F.)  Pyohemie,  from 
pyo,  and  'aifxa,  'blood.'  Alteration  of  the  blood 
by  pus,  giving  occasion  to  the  Piath'eaia  seu  In- 
fec'tio  purulen'ta. 

PYOID  CORPUSCLES  or  GLOBULES,  see 
Pus. 

PY''OME'TRA,  P.  purulen'ta,  from  pyo,  and 
ItrjTfia,  '  womb.'     A  collection  of  pus  in  the  uterus. 

Pyomrtra  Purolenta,  Pyometra. 

PYON.  Pus. 

P  TONEPHRTTE,  see  Nephritis. 

PYONOMA,  Pus. 


PYOOTORRHCEA,  Otirrhoea. 

PYOPERICAR'DIA,  Pyopericar'dium,  from 
2}yo,  nzjn,  'about,'  and  Kap5ia,  'the  heart.'  A  col- 
lection of  pus  in  the  pericardium. 

PYOPHTHALMIA,  Hypopyon  — p.  Neonato- 
rum, see  Ophthalmia  (purulenta  infantum). 

PYOPLEUBITE,  Empyema. 

PYOPOESIS,  Pyogenia. 

PYOP'TY'SIS,  from  pyo,  and  tttuo),  'I  spit. 
Spitting  of  pus. 

PY''ORRHAG"IA,  from  2}yo,  and  payr;,  'violent 
rupture.'  A  sudden  discharge  of  a  large  collec- 
tion of  matter. 

PYORRHGE'A,  from  pyo,  and  ptm,  '  I  flow.'  A 
discharge  of  pus. 

Pyorrhcea  Alvina,  Pyochezia  —  p.  Aurium, 
Otirrhoea  —  p.  Nasalis,  Ozajna  —  p.  Palpebrae, 
Blepharopyorrhoea— p.  Urinalis,  Pyuria  —  p.  Vi- 
arum  lacrymalium,  Dacryopyorrhoea. 

PYOSIS,  Hypopyon,  Pterygion,  Suppuration 
—  p.  Pectoris,  Empyema. 

PYOTHORAX  VERUS,  Empyema. 

PYOTORRHEE,  Otirrhoea. 

PYOTURIA,  Pyuria. 
■  PY'R,  Fever. 

Pl'^RA,  Anthrax — p.  Crustumina,  Crustumina- 
tum  — p.  Crustumerina,  Crustuminatuih. 

PYR 'A  MID,  Pyr'arnis,  rupa/its,  TrvpaiiiSo5, 
Eminen'tia  pyramida'lis  tym'pani,  from  izvp, 
'flame,'  which  has  a  conical  appearance  [?].  A 
small  bony  projection  in  the  cavity  of  the  tym- 
panum, which  is  excavated,  to  lodge  the  muscles 
of  the  stapes.  The  Centre-pin  of  the  trephine. 
A  small,  obtusely  pointed  eminence  of  the  infe- 
rior vermiform  process  of  the  cerebellum. 

Pyramid,  see  Calumba — p.  of  Malacarne,  Ver- 
miform process,  inferior. 

PYRAMIDAL  DE  L' ABDOMEN,  Pyrami- 
dalis  abdominis — p.  de  la  Cuisse,  Pyramidalis  — 
p.  da  Nez,  Pyramidalis  nasi  — p.  Stapidien,  Sta- 
pedius. 

PYRAMIDALE,  (OS,)  Cuneiform,  (bone.) 

PYRAMIDA'LIS  ABDOM'INIS,  Mua'culua 
Follo'pii  seu  succenturia'tua  seu  auxilia'rius,  (F.) 
Puhio-omhilical,  Puhio-aoua-omhiliccd  (Ch.),  Py- 
ramidal de  I'ahdomen.  A  small,  fleshy,  pyrami- 
dal fasciculus,  whose  existence  is  not  constant; 
and  which  is  inserted,  by  its  base,  into  the  upper 
part  of  the  pubis,  and  terminates,  by  its  summit, 
at  the  inferior  part  of  the  linea  alba.  When  it 
contracts,  it  stretches  the  linea  alba. 

Pyramida'lis,  P.  Fem'oria,  Ili'acua  exter'nus, 
Pyriform'is,  Piriformis,  Primus  et  superior  quad- 
rigem'inus,  (F.)  Sacro-trochanterien  (Ch.),  Py- 
ramidal de  la  euisae.  A  flat,  triangular  muscle, 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis.  By  its 
base,  it  is  attached  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
sacrum;  to  the  corresponding  surface  of  the  great 
sacro-seiatic  ligament  and  to  the  posterior  part 
of  the  ilium.  It  terminates  by  a  tendon,  which 
is  attached  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  great  tro- 
chanter. This  muscle  is  a  rotator  of  the  thigh 
outwards,  or  of  the  pelvis  in  an  opposite  direction. 

Pyramidalis  Femoris,  Pyramidalis. 

Pyramida'lis  Nasi,  Proc"erua  nasi,  Nasum 
dila'tans,  (F.)  Fronto-naaal  (Ch.),  Pyramidal  dii 
nez.  A  thin,  triangular  muscle,  which  has  its 
summit  upwards.  Above,  it  is  continuous  with 
the  occipito-frontalis.  It  descends  vertically  be- 
fore the  root  of  the  nose,  on  which  it  terminates, 
becoming  confounded  with  the  transversalis. 
This  muscle  wrinkles  the  skin  of  the  root  of  the 
nose  transversely,  and  stretches  that  which  covers 
the  tip. 

PYRAMIDES.  Corpora  pyramidalia. 

PYR  AMIDES  ANTERIEURES,  Corpora 
pyramidalia  —  p.  Ferreini,  Ferrein,  pyramids  of 


PYRAMIDS   OF   MALPIGHI        780 


PYRUS   AMERICANA 


—p.  Malpigliianas,  Papillaj  of  the  kidney — p.  Pos- 
terieures  da  cervelet,  Corpora  restiforrnia. 

PYRAMIDS  OF  MALPIGHI,  Papillse  of  the 
kidney — p.  of  Ferrein,  see  Ferrein — p.  Posterior, 
Corpora  restiforrnia  —  p.  of  Wistar,  Sphenoidal 
cornua. 

PYRAMIS,  Penis,  Pyramid— p.  Cochleae,  Mo- 
diolus— -p.  Trigona,  see  Temporal  bone. 

PYRCiEA.  Incendiura. 

PYREG'TICA,  'febrile;'  from  Tuptroj,  'fever,' 
and  £;^M,  'I  have.'  Fevers  :  the  first  order  in  the 
class  Hcematiea  of  Good. 

F  YRELAINES,  Olea  empyreumatica. 

PYRENOIDES,  Odontoid. 

PYliSiTHRE,  Anthemis  pyrethrum. 

PYRETHRUM,  Anthemis  pyrethrum,  Urtica 
— p.  Parthenium,  Matricaria  parthenium — p.  Syl- 
vestre,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

PYRETICO'SIS,  from  ^vp,  'fire,'  n-uperos, 
'fever;'  Morbus fehri' lis.     A  febrile  affection. 

PYRETICUS,  Febrifuge,  Febrile. 

PYRETOGENETIC,  Stimulant. 

PYRETOGRAPH'IA,  from  nvp^rog,  'fever,' 
and  ypa<pTi,  'a  description.'  A  description  of 
fever. 

PYRETOL'OGY,  Pyretolorfia,  from  rt.ptrof, 
'fever,' and  Aoj/o;,  "a  discourse.'  PyroUogy.  A 
treatise  on  fevers.  A  title  sometimes  given  to  a 
monograph  on  fever. 

PYRETOS,  Fever. 

PYRETOTYPOSIS,  Intermittent. 

PYREX'IA,P2/)-ea;'?s,  -up£fij,(ri;p,  'fire.')  Fever. 
The  febrile  condition.  Also,  a  paroxysm  of  fever 
—  Pnroxi/smus  febri'lis. 

PyitEX'i^B,  Febrile  diseases.  The  first  class  of 
CuUen's  Nosology. 

PYRI  MARTIALES,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

PYRIA,  Fomentation,  Vaporarium. 

PYRIATERIUM,  Vaporarium. 

PYRICAUSTUM,  Burn. 

PYRIFORMIS,  Pyramidalis. 

PYRIPH'LEGES,  TrvpKJjXeyris,  Pyriphlectos, 
Tvpi(p\£KTog,  from  nvp,  '  fire,'  and  ^Xtyu,  '  I  burn.' 
One  who  has  a  burning  fever. 

PYRITES,  IRON,  Ferri  sulphuretum. 

PYRMONT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  mineral  spring  on  the  AVeser,  in  West- 
phalia, four  leagues  from  Hamelet.  The  waters 
are  tonic,  and  contain  chlorides  of  sodium  and 
magnesium,  sulphates  of  soda  and  magnesia,  and 
carbonates  of  iron,  lime,  and  magnesia  dissolved 
in  carbonic  acid,  with  some  resinous  [?]  princi- 
ples.    It  is  a  highly  carbonated  chalybeate. 

Artific"ial  Pyrmo.vt  Water  may  be  formed 
of  Epsom  salt,  gr.  xv;  common  salt,  gr.  v;  mag- 
nesia, gr.  's.;  iron-filings,  gx.\ ;  loater,  Ouy  Im- 
pregnated with  the  gas  from  marhle-20owder  and 
sulphuric  acid,  aa  3^'j- 

PYRCENUS,  Spiritus  rectificatus. 

PYR'OLA,  p.  rotundifu'lia.  Round-leaved  Fy- 
rola  or  Wintergreen  ;  Shin  leaf.  Ord.  Ericaceee. 
Diminutive  of  Pyrus.  a  pear  tree,  from  a  fancied 
resemblance  of  the  foliage.  This  plant  was  once 
used  as  a  gentle  astringent  and  tonic. 

Pyr'ola  Macula'ta,  Chimaph'ila  3Taculn'ta, 
Spotted  Pipsis'sewa,  Spiotted  Wintergreen,  White- 
leaf,  White  Pipsissewa,  King  ewe,  Ground  holly, 
Rheumatism  %oeed,  &c.,  has  similar  properties. 

Pyrola,  PtOUNDLEAVED,  Pyrola. 
Pyrola  Umbella'ta.  Chimaph'ila  seu  Chi- 
moph'ilaumbella'ta,  G.  Coryinbo'sa,  Ground-holly, 
Pipsis' select,  Wintergreen,  lihenmatism  weed. 
Prince's  jnne,  Herbe  a  pisser  (Canada).  This  com- 
mon American  plant  is  allied  to  the  uva  ursi,  in  bo- 
tanical as  well  as  medical  qualities.  It  is  tonic 
and  diuretic.  The  bruised  leaves  irritate  the 
skin.  From  the  decoction  or  infusion  an  agree- 
able beverage  may  be  formed  by  adding  sugar, 


ginger  to  flavour  it,  and  yenst  to  produce  fermen- 
tation. Under  the  name  Pipsis'sewa  Beer  it  has 
been  used  in  scrofulous  affections. 

PYROLEUM    ossium    rectificatum, 

Oleum  animale  Dippelii. 

PYROLIG'NEOUS  acid,  Ac"idum  py- 
roace'tieum  sen  pyrolig'neum  seu  pyroligno'sum  seu 
pyroxyl'icum  seu  ligni  pyro-oleo' sum  seu  ace'ticum 
empyreumnt'icnm  seu  lig'neum  seu  ligno'rum  em- 
pyreumat'icum,  Pyrolig'nic  acid,  (F.)  Acide  pyro- 
acetique  ou  pyrolignique  ou  pyroligneux,  Vinaigre 
de  bois.  An  acid,  obtained  by  distillation  from 
wood,  coal,  &c.,  which  was  once  believed  to  be  of 
a  peculiar  character.  It  is  now  known  to  be 
formed  of  acetic  acid  and  an  empyreumatic  oil, 
from  which  it  may  be  freed  ;  and,  in  this  state,  is 
sold  in  commerce  for  Acetum  distillatum,  Acetic 
acid  of  commerce,  Ac"idum  ace'ticum  e  Ligno 
vena'le.  It  is  used  for  similar  purposes  as  dis- 
tilled vinegar,  and  for  preserving  animal  sub- 
stances. It  has  also  been  used  as  an  antiseptic 
in  gangrene  and  sphacelus,  and  to  foul  ulcers  ; 
wherever  indeed  creasote  is  indicated. — The  dose 
of  the  impure  pyroligneous  acid  internally  is 
from  five  to  thirty  drops,  three  or  four  times  a 
day. 

PYROMA'NIA,  Incen' diary  monoma'nia,  from 
Tup,  'fire,'  and  mania.  Insanity,  with  an  irre- 
sistible desire  to  destroy  by  fire. 

PYROPH'AGUS,  Tgniv'orus,  from-CTp,  'fire,' 
and  (jiayw,  '  I  eat.'  One  who  eats  fire.  A  juggler, 
who  eats  bodies  in  a  state  of  ignition. 

PYROS,  Triticum. 

PYRO'SIS,  from  Trip, '  fire,' '  the  act  of  burning.' 
Ptyaiis'mus  pyros'icus,  Li  mo' sis  cardial'  gia  spjuta- 
to'ria,  Ardor  seu  Ebullit"io  stom'achi  seu  ventric'- 
uli,  Cardial' gia  sputato'ria, Pyrosis  Suec"ica,Apo- 
ceno'sis  vom'itus  pyrosis,  Dyspep'sia  pyrosis,  Cnis- 
moreg'mia,  Orex'is  (of  some),  Soda,  Wuterbrash, 
Waterqualm,  Waterpang,  Black-water,  (F.)  Ar- 
deur  de  I'estomac,  Per  chand,  Cremason,  Gorgosset. 
This  affection  consists  of  a  hot  sensation  in  the 
stomach,  with  eructations  of  an  acrid,  burning 
liquid,  that  causes  a  distressing  sensation  in  the 
parts  over  which  it  passes.  Attention  to  diet, 
and  the  use  of  bitter  absorbents,  will  usually  re- 
lieve, when  the  disease  is  functional.  Occasion- 
ally, it  is  symptomatic  of  organic  disease  of  the 
stomach. 

Pyrosis  also  signified,  of  old,  inflammatioD, 
gangrene,  and  a  burn. 

Pyrosis  Sdecica,  Pyrosis. 

PYROSOPHIA,  Chvmistry. 

PYROTECHNIA,  Cbymistry. 

PY'ROTECHNY,  Pyrotech'ne,  Pyrotech'nia, 
from  -vp,  'fire,'  and  Tt)(yrj,  'art.'  Art  of  making 
fire-works,  <Sc.  Also,  chymistry.  M.  Percy  haa 
used  the  term  Pyrotechnic  Chirurgiccde  for  the 
art  of  applying  fire  or  the  actual  cautery  in 
surgery. 

PYROTHONIDE,  from  tivo,  'fire,'  and  oBovr,, 
'linen.'  Liquor  2}yro-oleo'sns  e  lin'teo  para'tus. 
A  kind  of  pyrogenous  or  empyreumatic  oil,  pro- 
duced by  the  combustion  of  textures  of  hemp, 
linen,  or  cotton  in  a  copper  vessel.  The  brown 
product  is  acid.  Its  medical  properties  probably 
resemble  those  of  creasote.  Diluted  with  three 
or  four  times  its  weight  of  water,  it  has  been  used 
as  a  gargle  in  cynanche  tonsillaris,  but  is  not 
now  employed. 

It  is  said,  also,  to  be  a  popular  remedy  for 
toothach  and  skin  diseases.  When  prepared  from 
rags,  it  is  called  Rag  oil ;  when  from  paper.  Pa- 
per oil,  (F.)  Huile  de  Pawner. 

PYROTICUS,  Caustic. 

PYROXYLIN.  Gun  cotton,  see  Collodion. 

PYRUS  AMERICANA,  Sorbus  Americana. 

Pyrus  Cydo^nia,  Cydo'nia  malifor'mis  seu 
vidga'ris,   Sorbus    Cydo'nia,    Cydo'nia,    Coto'nia, 


PYTIA 


11 


QUAKAN/INE 


Quince  Tree,  (F.)  Coignassier,  Cognaasier.  Ord. 
Rosaeeae.  Sex.  Si/st.  Icosandria  Pentagynia. 
The  fruit  is  termed  Cijdo'nium  mahnn,  Malum 
cnnum  seu  coto'neum,  llelum  cydo'nium,  Quince, 
(F.)  Coign.  Quince-seeds — Cydo'nium  (V\i.\].S. 
1851)  —  are  sometimes  used  in  decoction  as  a  de- 
mulcent.    Tiie  fruit  maltes  a  pleasant  preserve. 

Ptrus  Domestica,  Sorbus  domestica. 

Pyrds  Malus,  3falus,  M.  dasypJiyl'la  seu  com- 
mu'nis  seu  sylves'tris,  Sorhus  malus,  llelea,  the 
Apple  Tree,  (F.)  Pommier.  The  apple  —  (F.) 
Pomme — is  an  agreeable  fruit  when  ripe.  When 
unripe,  it  disagrees,  especially  with  those  of  weak 
digestive  powers.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the 
pear,  (P.)  Poire;  the  fruit  oi  Pyrus  commu'nis, 
P.  Sorhus  seu  Sati'va,  Pirus,  A'pios,  {¥.)  Poirier. 

Apj)le  Brandy  is  a  spirituous  liquor  obtained 
from  the  juice  of  the  apple,  and  much  used  in  the 
United  States. 

PYTIA,  Colostrum,  Rennet. 


PYTISMA,  Sputum, 

PYUL'CO]N',  Pytd'cnm,  from  t:vov,  'pus,'  and 
'eXicio,  'I  extract.'  (F.)  Tire-pus.  A  surgical  in- 
strument for  extracting  pus  from  any  cavity. 
Many  pj-ulca  have  been  employed,  all  of  which 
act  as  exhausting  syringes. 

PYU'RIA,  Pyotu'ria,  PyorrJice'a  urina'lis,  (F.) 
Pyurie,  Pissement  de  Pus,  from  nvov,  'pus,'  and 
ovpov,  'urine.'  Discharge  of  purulent  urine:  a 
symptom  which  occurs  in  many  diseases  ;  par- 
ticularly in  cases  of  renal  calculi,  and  in  organic 
affections  of  the  bladder.  It  receives  various  epi- 
thets, according  to  the  part  whence  the  pus  pro- 
ceeds:—  as  Pyuria  urethra' lis,  P.  rena' lis,  and 
P.  vesica' lis. 

Pyuria  Chylosa,  Chyluria — p.  Lactea,  Chy- 
luria  —  p.  Mucosa,  Cystirrhoea  —  p.  Serosa,  Cys- 
tirrhoea  —  p.  Viscida,  Cystirrhoea. 

PYXIS,  n-ufij.  A  box  ;  a  pill-box.  Also,  an 
emollient  ointment.  —  Aetius,  and  Paulus. 

Pyxis,  Boite,  see  Cotyloid. 


Q.,  see  Abbreviation. 

QUAEEBE,  Piper  cubeba. 

QUACK,  Charlatan. 

QUACK-MEDICINE,  Arcanum. 

QUACKSALVER,  Charlatan. 

QUADRANS,  Qnarta  pars  librcs.  A  quarter 
of  a  pound.     Three  ounces  (Troy.) 

QUADRA'TUS,  (F.)  Carre,  from  quadrus, 
'square.'  A  name  for  muscles  whose  figure  ap- 
proaches a  square.  Depressor  Labii  inferioris, 
Quadratus  femoris. 

QuADRATUs  DoRsi,  Q.  lumbomm. 

QuADRA'Ttrs  Fem'oris,  Quadratus,  Qnartus 
quadrigem'imcs  quadratus,  (F.)  Tubcr-ischio-tro- 
chanterien  (Ch.),  Ischio-sous-troehanterien.  Carre 
de  la  Cuisse.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior 
and  upper  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  thin,  flat,  and 
quadrilateral,  and  is  attached  to  the  outer  part  of 
the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium  :  whence  it  proceeds 
transversely  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  great  trochanter.  It  rotates  the 
limb,  turning  the  toe  outwards. 

Quadratus  Gen^,  Platysma  myoides — q.  Ra- 
dii, Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

Quadratus  Lumbo'rum,  Quadratus  seu  Lum- 
ha'ris  externus,  Q.  dorsi,  Flectens  par  lumbo'rum, 
{¥.)  Ilio-costal,  (Ch.)  Ilio-lombi-costal,  Carre 
des  lombes.  A  flat,  somewhat  thick,  irregularl}' 
quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  in  the  loins,  at  the 
Bides  of  the  vertebral  column.  It  is  attached, 
below,  to  the  crista  ilii  and  ilio-lumbar  ligament; 
and  above,  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the  last  rib; 
and  besides,  to  the  base  of  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  last  four  lumbar  vertebrte.  This 
muscle  inclines  the  loins  to  its  side:  depresses 
the  last  rib,  and  is  thus  a  muscle  of  respiration. 
It  can  also  raise  the  hip. 

QUADRIGA,  Cataphracta. 
_  QUADRIGEM'INA  TUBER'CULA,^mn!e«'- 
tiee  Quadrigem'incB  seu  Bigem'ince,  Optic  Lobes, 
Optic  Ganglia,  Pons  Syl'vii,  Cor'pora  quadri- 
gem'ina  seu  higem'ina.  Nates  et  Testes,  (F.) 
Tnhercules  quadrijumeaux  ou  bijumeaux,  Emi- 
iiences  bigeminees.  Lobes  optiqnes  ou  bijumeaux. 
Four  medullary  tubercles,  situate  at  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  tuber  annulare.  They  are  white, 
externally;   gray,  internally;  oblong;  rounded; 


connected  by  pairs,  and  separated  by  two  grooves, 
which  divide  them  crucially.  Of  these  tubercles 
—  the  superior  called  Nates,  Na'tulm,  Tuber'cula 
anterio'ra,  Glu'tia,  are  larger  and  more  promi- 
nent than  the  lower,  called  Testes,  Tuber'cula  pos- 
terio'ra.  The  pineal  gland  corresponds  exactly 
to  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  two  furrows 
that  separate  them. 

QUADRIGEMINUS  PRIMUS  ET  SUPE- 
RIOR, Pyramidalis — q.  Quartus  quadratus,  Qua- 
dratus femoris — q.  Secundus  et  tertius,  Ischio- 
trochanterianus. 

Q  UADR1JV3IEA  UX  {TUBERCULES), 
Quadrigemina  Tubercula. 

QUADROON,  see  Mulatto— q.  Black,  see  Mu- 
latto. 

QUAFADIL,  Melanthium  Yirginicum. 

QUAHOIL,  Cacao. 

QUAIL,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

QUAMASH,  EASTERN,  Seilla  eseulenta. 

QUANDROS.  Ancient  name  for  a  precious 
stone,  believed  to  exist  in  the  brain  of  the  vul- 
ture;  and  to  which  was  attributed  the  property 
of  augmenting  the  secretion  of  milk,  and  pre- 
serving from  deadly  accidents.  No  such  stone 
exists. 

QUAR'ANTINE,  Qurir'entine,  Quorenfaine, 
from  (I.)  Quarnuti'na.hseUfromquaranta,  'forty,' 
(F.)  Quarantaine.  The  time  during  which  tra- 
vellers, returning  from  a  country  where  the  plague 
or  any  other  pestilential  disease  exists,  are  com- 
pelled to  remain  on  board  ship  or  in  a  lazaretto. 
They,  as  well  as  the  ship,  are  said  'to  perform 
quarantine.'  Quarantine  is  sometimes  extended 
beyond  forty  days,  whilst  its  duration  is  fre- 
quently much  less.  It  is  sometimes  enforced  by 
land;  for  example,  when  contagious  diseases  re- 
quire the  establishment  ot  cordons  sonitaires,  and 
when  persons  are  desirous  of  leaving  infected  dis- 
tricts. During  quarantine,  no  communication  is 
allowed  between  the  travellers  and  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  country.  Quarantine  is  a  great  im- 
pediment to  commerce ;  and  is,  doubtless,  very 
frequently  enforced  when  there  is  hut  little  dan- 
ger of  contagion.  The  evils,  however,  that  might 
arise  from  the  introduction  of  a  widely-spreading 
contagious  disease,  are  so  disastrous,  as  to  induce 


QUARTAN 


'82 


QUINIA 


legislators  to  maintain  these  laws  in  perhaps  an  |] 
unnecessary  degree  of  rigour.  I 

QUARTAN,  from  quartus,  '  the  fonrth.'  Quar-  '! 
ta'na  Febris,  An'etus  Quarta'nus,  Tetarta'us,  jj 
Quartan  Ague,  (F.)  Quarte.  An  intermittent,  the  '} 
paroxysms  of  -which  recur  every  fourth  day, 
leaving  between  them  two  days'  intervaL  We  ;- 
speak  also  of  the  Quartan  Type.  A  Double  Quar-  \[ 
tan,  (F.)  Double  quarte,  is  one  in  which  one  I; 
paroxysm  occurs  on  the  third  and  another  on  the  j 
second  day,  so  that  there  is  only  one  day  of  apy-  I 
rexia  and  two  of  paroxysms  in  succession;  —  the  1 
paroxysms  of  every  fourth  day  resembling  each  i 
other.  A  Triple  Quartan  is  one  in  which  there  i 
is  a  paroxysm  every  day ;  and  on  every  three 
days  the  paroxysms  correspond.  A  redoub' ling  , 
or  repeat'ing  quartan,  (F.)  Fievre  quarte  donhlee, 
is  one  in  which  there  are  two  paroxysms  every  ! 
fourth  dav.     See  Intermittent.  | 

QUARTANUS  REMITTEES,  Tetartophia. 

QUARTA'RIUS.  An  ancient  measure,  equal  I 
to  one-fourth  of  the  sextarius.  See  Weights  and  | 
Measures. 

QUARTE,  Quartan. 

QUARTERON,  see  Mulatto  — q.  Black,  see 
Mulatto. 

QUARTIO,  Astraealus. 

QUARTI-STERNAL,  Quadristema'lis.  The 
fourth  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum,  correspond- 
ing to  the  fourth  intercostal  space.  —  Beclard. 

QUASSATIO,  Conquassation. 

QUASSATURA,  Conquassation. 

QUAS'SIA,  Q.  ama'ra  seu  excel'sa,  Pierce'- 
va  excel'sa,  Fehrif'ngum  lignum,  Qna^sy,  Lofty 
Jiittericood  Tree,  Bitter-ash,  (F.)  Quassie,  Bois 
amer.  Ord.  Simarubaceae.  A  West  India  tree,  from 
which  is  obtained  the  Lignum  QuassitB,  Quassia 
(Ph.U.  S.)  It  is  an  intensely  durable  bitter,  without 
astringency ;  and  has  been  employed  as  a  tonic 
and  stomachic.  It  is  generally  given  in  the  form 
of  infusion.    The  bitter  principle  is  called  Qnassin. 

Quassia  SurAHOu'BA,  Simarouba,  Simam'ba, 
S.  offieina'lis,  Euon'ymus,  Bitter  Simaruba,  Jfonn- 
tain  Damson.  The  bark  of  the  root,  Simam'ba, 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  is  bitter,  and  not  unpleasant.  Both 
water  and  alcohol  extract  its  virtues.  It  is  not 
astringent.  It  is  exhibited  wherever  a  simple 
tonic  is  required. 

QUASSIN.  see  Quassia. 

QUATERXIO,  Astragalus. 

QUATRE  E PICES,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

QUATRIO,  Astragalus. 

QUEASINESS.  Nausea. 

QUEEN  OF  THE  MEADOW,  SpirEea  lobata 
—  q.  of  the  Prairie,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

QUEEN'S  DELIGHT,  Stillingia  — q.  Root, 
Stillineia. 

QUELLES,  Elixir. 

QUENOUILLE  D'EAU,  Typha  latifolia. 

QUERCERA.  Epialos. 

QUERCIXI  HERBA,  Lichen  plicatus. 

QUERCULA  MINOR,  Teucrium  chamajdrys. 

QUERCUS  ALBA,  White  Oak;  Quercus 
ROBUB,  Common  Oak ;  Q.  Tinctq'ria,  Black 
Oak  ;  Q.  rubra  moxta'na,  Red  Oak  or  Spanish 
Oak.  Ord.  Cupuliferffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia 
Polyandria;  (F.)  Chine.  The  bark  of  all  these 
varieties  is,  probably,  alike  in  medicinal  proper- 
ties. It  is  powerfully  astringent  and  tonic,  and 
has  been  used  internally  in  intermittents,  and  ex- 
ternally in  decoction,  as  an  astringent  wash,  where 
such  is  indicated. 

Acorns,  Ceces,  Knees  Quercus,  (F.)  Glands, 
were  at  one  time  much  used  as  food ;  and  a  de- 
coction of  them  was  once  recommended  in  dys- 
entery and  diarrhoea,  in  glandular  obstructions, 
<fec.  A  pessary  made  of  them  has  been  advised 
in  immoderate  flow  of  the  menses.  They  are  not 
now  used. 


QuERrus  Ixfecto'rta.  A  tree  of  Asia  Minor, 
which  affords  Ttu-key  or  Nut  Galls,  GalleB  Tur'- 
cicrn  seu  Querci'ncB  seu  Tincto'ricB,  Ji'ux  GallcB, 
Galla  max'ima  orhicula'ta,  Cicis,  Cassenoles,  Gal- 
l(P.,  Galla.  Gall-nut,  (F.)  Noix  de  Galle.  Galle  de 
chine.  The  nut-gall— Galla  (Ph.  U.  S.)  — is  a 
morbid  protuberance  or  tubercle,  produced  by 
the  puncture  of  the  Diplo'lepis  seu  Cynipis  Galla 
Tincto'rice,  Cynips  Quercus  folii.  It  is  powerfully 
astringent  and  tonic,  and  has  been  employed  in 
diarrhoea,  intestinal  hemorrhage,  and  intermit-, 
tents  :  but  is  chiefly  used,  externally,  in  gargles 
and  injections.  The  powder,  made  into  an  oint- 
ment with  lard,  is  used  in  piles.  The  ordinary 
nutgalls  of  the  shops  are  procured  from  the  Le- 
vant. The  large  Mecca  or  Bussorah  galls,  at 
times  called  Dead  Sea  apples,  3/ad  appAes  and 
apples  of  Sodom,  are  produced  on  Quercus  in- 
fectoria. 

There  are  upwards  of  thirty  species  of  oak  in 
the  United  States,  all  of  which  are  probably  more 
or  less  astringent  and  tonic. 

Quercus  Coccifera,  see  Kermes  —  q.  Marina^ 
Fucus  vesiculosus  —  q.  Suber,  see  Suber. 

QUERQUERA,  Epialos. 

QUEUE  DE  CHEVAL,  Eippuris  vulgaris 
Cauda  equina,  see  Medulla  spinalis  —  q.  de  la 
Moelle  epiniere,  Cauda  equina  —  q.  de  Pourceau, 
Peucedanum  — q.  de  Rat.  Slum  lunare. 

QUICK-IN-THE-HAND,  Impatiens. 

QUICKEN  TREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

QUICK'ENING,  from  Sax.  c>iccan,  'to  make 
alive.'  The  period  of  gestation  when  the  motion 
of  the  foetus  first  becomes  perceptible.  This 
usually  occurs  about  the  eighteenth  week,  and 
was  at  one  time  erroneously  believed  to  mark  the 
time  at  which  the  foetus  becomes  alive — Anima'- 
tio  f(£tus.  It  need  scarcely  be  said,  that  it  pos- 
sesses the  principle  of  life  from  the  moment  of 
the  union  of  the  materials  furnished  by  the  sexes 
as  a  fecundating  copulation.  When  the  motion 
is  felt,  the  female  is  said  to  be  'quick  with  child.' 

QUICKENS,  Triticum  repens. 

QUICKLIME,  Calx  viva. 

QUICKSILVER,  Hydrargyrum. 

QUIES,  Acinesia. 

QUINA,  Quinine  —  q.  de  Campo,  Stryehnos 
pseudo-china — q.  Quina,  Cinchona. 

QUIN^  ACETAS,  SULPHAS,  &c.,  see  Qui- 
niae  Acetas,  &c. 

QUINCE,  Scrofula,  see  Pyrus  cydonia — q. 
Tree,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

QUINIA,  Quinine — q.  Acetate  of,  Quiniae  acetas 
— q. Amorphous,  see  Quinia,  extract  of,  and  Chini- 
oidine — q.  Arseniate  of,  Quinise  arsenias — q.  and 
Cinchonia,  tannate  of,  Quinise  et  Cinchoniffi  tan- 
nas  —  q.  Arsenite  of,  Quiniae  arsenis  —  q.  Citrate 
of,  Quinise  citras. 

QuixiA,  Extract  of,  Qui'nia  sxdphas  impu'rus. 
A  preparation  which  consists  in  evaporating  the 
liquor  poured  off  the  crystals  of  sulphate  of  quinia, 
to  the  consistence  of  a  pilular  mass. 

It  has  the  properties  of  sulphate  of  quinia,  and 
its  active  principle  appears  to  be  amorphous 
quinia  or  chinioidine.  Twenty-four  grains  will 
generally  arrest  ague. 

Quinia,  Fereocyanate,  of,  Quiniae  ferrocyanas 
—  q.  Hj'driodate  of,  Quini*  hydriodas  —  q.  Im- 
pure sulphate  of,  Quinia,  extract  of — q.  lodhy- 
drate  of,  Quinise  hydriodas — q.  Iodide  of,  Quinia 
hydriodas— q.  Iodide  of  iodhydrate  of,  see  Quinise 
hydriodas — q.  loduret  of,  Quinise  hydriodas  —  q. 
and  Iron,  Hydriodate  of,  see  Quinia,  Iodide  of 
Iodhydrate  of — q.  Lactate  of,  Quinise  lactas — q. 
and  Mercury,  protochloride  of,  Hydrargyri  et 
Quinise  Protochloridum — q.  Muriate  of,  Quinise 
murias  —  q.  Nitrate  of,  Quinise  nitras  —  q.  Phos- 
phate of,  Quinise  phosphas — q.  Sulphate  of,  Qui- 
nine, sulphate  of. 


QUINI.E   ACETAS 


783 


QUININE 


QUFNI^  ACE'TAS,  CM'mum  ace'licum,  Ace'- 
tas  Chi'nii  seu  Chini'ni  seu  Chi'nicus  seu  Qui'niet 
seu  Qinnm  seu  Qnini'ni  seu  Kini'ni,  Quina  ace'- 
tica,  Acetate  <if  Qid'nia  or  of  Quinine.  Prepared 
by  saturating  Quinia  with  diluted  acetic  acid. 
Has  the  properties  of  the  other  salts  of  Quinia. 

Quinia  Arsen'ias,  Quini'nas  seu  Qtji'ticB  Ar- 
sen'ins,  Vkini'num  Arsenico'sum  seu  Arsenic"icum, 
Arsenintc  of  Quinia  or  of  Quina  or  of  Quinine, 
(F.)  Arfiniate  de  quinine.  Formed  by  the  union 
of  arsenic  acid  and  quinia.  Employed  as  an 
antiperiodic  in  the  dose  of  from  three  quarters 
of  a  grain  to  a  grain  and  a  half  in  the  twenty- 
four  hours. 

QiiiNIJE  Ar'senis,  Q.  JDiar'senis,  Ar'senite  of 
Qui'nia.  A  salt  resulting  from  the  double  de- 
composition of  arseniate  of  jjotuBsa  and  sulphate 
of  quinia.  It  has  been  used  in  chronic  cutaneous 
diseases ;  and  as  an  antiperiodic  in  ague,  neu- 
ralgia, &c.  Dose,  one-third  of  a  grain,  three 
times  a  day. 

Quinia  Citras,  Quince  sen  Chini'ni  citras, 
Citras  chi'nicug  seu  qni'nicus,  Chi'nium  seu  Chi- 
ni'num  Ci'tricum,  Citrate  of  Quinia  of  Quina  or 
of  Quinine.  Formed  from  the  union  of  citric 
acid  and  quinia.  It  has  the  same  properties  as 
the  sulphate. 

Quinia  et  Cincho'ni^  Tannas,  Chini'num  seu 
Chi'nium  tan'nicvm,  Tannate  of  Quinia  and  Cin- 
cho'nia.  This  salt  has  the  same  properties  as  the 
salts  of  quinia  in  general. 

Quinia  Diarsenis,  Quiniae  Arsenis. 
Quinia  Ferrocy'anas,  Chi'nium  ferrocyano- 
gena'tum  s&xx  ferrohydrocynn'icum,  Ferrocy' anate 
or  hydrocyanoferrate  of  Quinia  or  of  Quinine. 
This  salt  is  obtained  by  the  decomposition  oi  snl- 
phate  of  quinia  by  means  of  a  solution  of  ferro- 
cyanuret  of  potassium.  It  has  all  the  properties 
of  sulphate  of  quinia,  and,  according  to  some,  in 
a  superior  degree. 

QijINIjE  Hydri'odas,  Chini'num  hydriod'icum, 
Jfydriodate  or  lodhydrafe  of  Quinia  ;  called,  also, 
lodure'tum  seu  lod'idum  Qui'nia,  Jod'uret  or 
I'odide  of  Qui'nia,  (F.)  Hydriodate  ou  lodhydrate 
ou  lodure  de  Quinine.  This  is  formed  by  precipi- 
tating sulphate  of  quinia  by  means  of  iodide  of 
potassium.  Given  in  scrofulous  affections ;  half 
a  grain  to  a  grain,  three  times  a  day,  to  a  child. 

An  iodide  and  a  hiniodide  have  been  formed  ; 
the  latter  made  by  mixing  double  the  quantity 
of  the  iodide  of  potassium  with  the  sulphate  of 
quinia. 

An  Iodide  of  Iodhy'drate  op  Qui'nia,  (F.) 
lodure  d' lodhydrate  de  Quinine,  is  prepared  by 
pouring  into  an  acid  solution  of  quinia  a  solution 
of  iodide  of  iron,  containing  a  slight  e.xcess  of 
iodine.  The  precipitate  is  treated  with  boiling 
alcohol :  the  liquor  filtered,  and  crystals  suffered 
to  form.  The  salt  possesses  all  the  properties  of 
the  other  salts  of  quinia.  Under  the  name,  Hy- 
driodate of  iron  and  Quinia,  a  preparation  has 
been  introduced  by  Mr.  Battley.  It  is  possessed 
of  tonic  and  antiperiodic  virtues. 

Quinia  Iodidtjm,  Quiniae  hydriodas  —  q.  lodu- 
retuMi,  Quiniae  hydriodas. 

QniNi^  Lactas,  Quina  lactas,  Chini'num  lac'- 
ticum,  Lactate  of  Qui'nia  or  of  Quinine,  (F.) 
Lactate  de  quinine.  Made  by  the  action  of  lactic 
acid  on  quinia.  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
other  salts  of  quinia. 

Qui'nia  Md'rias,  Chi'nium  muriat'icum  seu 
sali'tum  seu  hydrochlo'ricum,  Ifu'rias  chi'nicus. 
Muriate  of  Quinia  or  of  Quinine.  May  be  pre- 
pared by  dissolving  quinia  in  dilute  muriatic  acid. 
Given  as  an  antiperiodic.  Dose,  half  a  grain  to 
a  grain. 

Quinia  Nitras,  Chi'nium  seu  Chini'num  ni'- 
tricum,  Nitrate  of  Quinia  or  of  Quinine,  (F.) 
Nitrate  ou  Azotate  de  quinine.     May  be  formed 


by  the  addition  of  nitric  acid  to  quinia.    Its  pro- 
perties are  those  of  the  sulphate  of  quinia. 

QuinIjE  PhosphaS,  Chi'nium  seu  Chini'num 
phosphor'icum,  Phospihate  of  Quinia  or  of  Qui- 
nine;  may  be  prepared  by  the  addition  of  dilute 
phosphoric  acid  to  quinia.  It  is  thought  by  many 
to  be  next  to  the  sulphate  of  quinia  in  its  remedial 
powers. 

QuiNivE  Sulphas,  Quinine,  sulphate  of. 
QuinIjE  Valeria'nas,  Chini'num  seu  Chi'nium 
Valerian' icum.  Valerianate  of  Quinia,  of  Quina, 
or  of  Quinine;  may  be  formed  by  the  union  of 
valerianic  acid  with  quinia.  It  has  the  proper- 
ties of  the  salts  of  quinia. 

QUI'NICINE,  Quinici'na,  Quinic"ia.  When 
a  salt  of  quinia  is  exposed  to  heat  with  certain 
precautions,  the  alkaloid  is  changed  into  another 
isomeric  with  it,  to  which  this  name  has  been 
given. 

Quinieine,  and  its  sulphate,  possess  the  same 
medical  properties  as  quinia  and  its  salts.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  gr.  XV. 

QUINID'IA,  Quinidi'na,  Qiii'nidine,  Chi'ni- 
dine,  Cin'chotin.  An  alkaloid  of  the  cinchonas 
— of  many  of  the  genuine  at  least — obtained  from 
them  by  the  same  process  as  that  by  which  quinia 
is  obtained  from  the  barks  that  yield  it.  Its  sul- 
phate is  more  soluble  however  than  the  sulphate 
of  quinia,  and  it  is  left,  therefore,  in  the  mother 
waters. 

The  salts  of  quinidia  are  markedly  antiperiodic. 
From  gr.  x  to  gr.  xxx  will  usually  arrest  a  pa- 
roxysm. 

QUININE,  Qui'nia,  Quina,  Kini'num,  Ki'ni- 
um,  Sal  essentia'le  cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni,  Chini'num, 
Quinina.  An  alkaline,  uncrystallizable  sub- 
stance ;  under  the  form  of  a  porous,  whitish  mass  ; 
almost  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol  and 
ether.  It  forms,  with  acids,  salts  that  are  in  gen- 
eral soluble.  It  is  obtained  from  different  cin- 
chonas, but  chiefly  from  the  yellow,  and  is  the 
active  principle  of  those  valuable  drugs. 

Quinine,  Acetate  of,  Quiniae  acetas  —  q.  Ar- 
seniate of,  Quiniae  arsenias — q.  Arsenite  of,  Qui- 
niae arsenis  —  q.  Azotate  of,  Quiniae  nitras  —  q. 
Citrate  of,  Quiniae  citras  —  q.  Ferrocyanate  of, 
Quinise  ferrocyanas  —  q.  Hydriodate  de,  Quiniae 
hydriodas  —  q.  lodhydrate  de,  Quiniae  hydriodas 
—  q.  Iodide  of,  Quiniae  hydriodas  —  q.  lodure  de, 
Quiniae  hydriodas  —  q.  lodure  d'iodhydrnte  de, 
Quinia,  iodide  of  lodhydrate  of — q.  Lactate  of, 
Quinise  lactas — q.  Muriate  of,  Quiniae  murias — q. 
Nitrate  of,  Quiniae  nitras — q.  Phosphate  of,  Qui- 
niae phosphas. 

Quinine,  Quina  or  Quinia.  Sulphate  of,  Qui- 
nicB  seu  Qui'n(p.  seu  Quini'nce  Sulphas,  Quince 
Disul'phas,  Chi'nium  seu  Chini'num  Suljjhu'ri- 
cum,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  Quinine  —  the  salt  usually 
employed  in  medicine — occurs  in  needles  of  a 
pearly  and  satiny  appearance.  It  is  employed 
with  great  success  in  the  treatment  of  intermit- 
tents ;  and  is  available  in  many  cases,  where  the 
bark  in  substance  could  not  be  retained,  or  would 
be  injurious.  Dose,  as  a  tonic  from  3  to  10  grains 
in  the  24  hours.  As  an  antiperiodic  it  may  be 
carried  much  farther.  Its  action,  in  a  large  dose, 
is  decidedly  sedative.  It  is  obtained,  by  treating 
the  yellow  bark  with  sulphuric  acid.  The  follow- 
ing form  is  adopted  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States, —  Cinehon.flav.  in  pulv.  crass.  Ibiv; 
Acid,  muriat.  f ,f  iij  :  Calcis,  in  pulv.  ^v;  Aqnce, 
cong.  v;  Acid.  Sulphur.,  Alcohol;  Carhon.  ani- 
mal, aa  q.  s.  Boil  the  bark  in  one-third  of  the 
water  mixed  with  one-third  of  the  muriatic 
acid,  and  strain  through  linen.  Boil  the  residue 
twice  successively  with  the  same  quantity  of  acid 
and  water  as  before,  and  strain.  Mix  the  decoc- 
tions, and,  while  the  liquor  is  hot,  gradually  add 
the  lime,  previously  mixed  with   two    pints    of 


QUININISM 


EACHIDIAN 


water,  stirring  constantly,  until  the  quinia  is  com- 
pletely precipitated.  Wash  the  precipitate  with 
distilled  water,  and  having  pressed  and  dried  it, 
digest  it  in  boiling  alcohol.  Pour  oif  the  liquor 
and  repeat  the  digestion  several  times,  until  the 
alcohol  is  no  longer  rendered  bitter.  Mix  the 
liquors,  and  distil  off  the  alcohol,  until  a  brown 
viscid  mass  remains.  Upon  this  substance,  re- 
moved from  the  vessel,  pour  about  half  a  gallon 
of  distilled  water,  and  having  heated  the  mixture 
to  the  boiling  point,  add  as  much  sulphuric  acid 
as  may  be  necessary  to  dissolve  the  impure  alkali. 
Then  add  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  animal  charcoal; 
boil  for  two  minutes  ;  filter  the  liquor  while  hot, 
and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Should  the  liquor, 
before  filtration,  be  entirely  neutral,  acidulate  it 
very  slightly  with  sulphuric  acid.  Should  it,  on 
the  contrary,  change  the  colour  of  litmus  paper 
to  a  bright  red,  add  more  animal  charcoal.  Sep- 
arate the  crystals  from  the  liquor,  dissolve  them 
in  boiling  water  slightly  acidulated  with  sulphu- 
ric acid,  add  a  little  animal  charcoal,  filter  and 
set  aside  to  crystallize.  Wrap  the  crystals  in 
bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat.  The 
mother-waters  may  be  made  to  yield  an  additional 
quantity  of  sulphate  of  quinia  by  precipitating 
the  quinia  with  solution  of  ammonia,  and  treating 
the  precipitated  alkali  with  water,  sulphuric  acid, 
and  animal  charcoal,  as  before. 

Quinine,  Tannate  of,  Quinise  et  cinehoniae 
tannas  —  q.  Valerianate  of,  Quinise  valerianas. 

QUr'NINISM,  Qaininis'mus,  Quinism,  Oin'- 
chonism,  (F.)  Inebriation  ou  Ivresse  quiniqne.  The 
aggregate  of  encephalic  or  neuropathic  pheno- 
mena induced  by  over-doses  of  quinia. 

QUINOIDINE,  Chinioidine. 

QUINQUEFOLIUM,  Potentilla  reptans  — 
Quinquefoliura  majus,  Potentilla  reptans. 

QUINQUINA,  Cinchona— y.  Aromatique,  Cro- 
ton  casearilla  —  q.  Bicolor,  Cinchonas  Caribseffi 
cortex  —  q.  Faux  de  Virginie,  Cusparia  febrifuga 
— q.  Gria  de  Loxa,  Cinchonse  lancifolias  cortex — 


q.  Jaime,  Cinchonas  cordifoliae  cortex — q.  Orange, 
Cinchonse  lancifolise  cortex — q.  Piton,  Cinchonae 
CaribaeEe  cortex — q.  Rouge,  Cinchonse  oblongifo- 
liae  cortex. 

QUINQUINO,  Myroxylon  peruiferum. 

QUINSY,  Cynanche,  C.  tonsillaris — q.  Nervous, 
Angone  —  q.  Wolf,  Lycanehe. 

QUINTAN,  Fehris  quinta'na  seu  pempfw'a  seu 
qniuta;  from  quintus,  'a  fifth.'  A  fever  whose 
paroxysms  return  only  every  five  days  inclu- 
sively ;  and  between  which  there  are,  conse- 
quently, three  days  of  apyrexia. 

QUINTE,  (F.)  This  word  Is  used  synony- 
mously with  paroxysm  or  fit,  when  speaking  of 
cough, — as  nne  Quinte  de  Toiix — '  a  fit  of  cough- 
ing/ (Sc.)  Kink.     Also,  the  influenza. 

QUJNTEFEUILLE,  Potentilla  reptans. 

QUINTERON,  see  Mulatto  — q.  black,  see 
Mulatto. 

QUINTES,  see  Quinte,  and  Pertussis. 

QUINTES'SENCE,  Qainta  Essen' tia.  A  name 
formerly  given  to  alcohol,  impregnated  with  the 
principles  of  some  drug.  It  was,  consequently, 
often  synonymous  with  Alcohol'ic  tincture.  The 
most  volatile  principles  of  bodies  were,  alsQ, 
called  Quiutes'sences. 

QUINTISTERN'AL.  The  fifth  osseous  por- 
tion of  the  sternum.  It  corresponds  to  the  5th 
and  6th  intercostal  spaces. 

QUINUA,  Chenopodium  quinoa. 

QUOTID'IAN,  Qnotidia'nus,  Ephe'mertis,  (F.) 
Quotidien  —  itself  from  quotidie,  'daily.'  That 
which  takes  place  every  day. 

Quotid'ian  Fever,  Q.  ague,  Fehris  quotidia'na 
seu  hemere'sia  seu  heme'rina  seu  ephe'mera  seu 
metheme'rinasenmethe7)ie'ria,An'etusquiitidia'nu8, 
Cathe'merus,  Cathemer'inus,  Methemer'inos,  Am- 
phemer' inos,  Amphimer'inns,  Amphe'merus,  Quo- 
iidia'nns,  (P.)  Fievre  quotidienne,  is  an  intermit- 
tent, the  paroxysms  of  which  recur  every  day. 

A  simple,  double,  or  triple  quotidian,  is  a  quo- 
tidian, which  has  one,  two,  or  three  paroxysms  in 
''  the  24  hours. 


E. 


R  or  R  is  placed  at  the  commencement  of  a 
prescription,  as  a  contraction  of  Iiec"ipe.  (See 
Abbreviation.)  Originally,  it  was  the  sign  %  of 
Jupiter,  and  was  placed  at  the  top  of  a  formula, 
to  propitiate  the  king  of  the  gods,  that  the  com- 
pound might  act  favorably. 

RABDOIDES,  (SUTURA,)  Sagittal  suture. 

RABID,  Rah'idus,  (P.)  Rabiqne,  Rahieique, 
from  rabies,  (rabo,  '1  am  mad  or  furious,') 
'canine  madness.'  That  which  belongs  to  hy- 
drophobia ;  as  rabid  virus,  &c.  Rabid  also  means 
affected  with  hydrophobia,  (F.)  Enrage. 

RABIEIQUE,  Rabid. 

RABIES  CANINA,  Hydrophobia. 

RABIQUE,  Rabid. 

RACAHOUT,  Am'yhim  quer'neum.  A  name 
given  by  the  Arabs  to  the  starch  prepared  from 
an  edible  acorn  obtained  from  Quercus  Ilex,  but, 
according  to  Plngge,  the  so  called  Racnhout  of 
the  Arabs,  sold  in  Paris,  is  a  compound  of 
potatoe  starch,  chocolate,  and  aromatics, — as 
vanilla. 

RACCOON  BERRY,  Podophyllum  montanum. 

RACE,  from  radice,  abl.  of  radix,  '  root,'  breed. 
The  union  or  aggregate  of  individuals  whose  con- 


formation or  particular  condition  differs  percep- 
tibly from  those  of  neighbouring  varieties.  In 
the  human  species,  several  races  are  designated. 
See  Homo. 

RACE3IEUX,  Racemosus. 

RACEMO'SUS,  Rac"emou8,  Rac"emose,  (F.) 
Racemeux.     In  clusters,  like  grapes. 

RAC'EMUS.     A  cluster  —  as  of  grapes. 

RACHAMEL'CA,  from  Hebr.  Dm  (reckem), 
'  the  womb,'  and  "170  (molecJi),  '  a  king  :'  Recha- 
mal'ca.  A  peculiar  formative  principle,  supposed, 
by  Dolseus,  to  exist  in  the  uterus. 

RACHE,  Porrigo. 

RACHIiEI,  Rhachitse. 

RACHIALGIA,  Colic,  metallic,  Rhachiodynia, 
Vertebral  disease— r.  Mesenterica,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica — r.  Pictoniensium,  Colic,  metallic — r.  Pic- 
tonum.  Colic,  metallic. 

RACHIALGIE  MESENTERIQUE,  Tabes 
mesenterica.. 

RACHIALGITIS,  Rhachialgitis. 

RACHIDIAN,  Spinal.— r.  Arteries,  Spinal  ar- 
teries— r.  Bulb,  see  Medulla  oblongata — r.  Canal, 
Vertebral  canal. 


RAGRIDIEN 


RADIALIS 


RACBWIEN,  Spinal. 

RACIIIOPHYMA,  Rachiphyma. 

RACHIPHY'MA,  Rhachiphy'ma,  EachiopJiy- 
ma,  Tumor  Dorsi,  from  'pa;^!?,  'the  spine,'  and 
c^vfix,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumour  on  the  spine  or  on 
the  back. 

RACHIS,  Vertebral  column. 

RACHIS'AGRA,  JihacJiis'afjra,  It},ach'iagra, 
Jihach'eagra,  RhacMd'agra,  Rhaclii' lis  spina'lis, 
from  'pa;^;if,  'the  spine,'  and  ayga,  'a  seizure.'  A 
gouty  or  rheumatic  aflfection  of  the  spine. 

RACHITiE,  Rhachitse. 

RACHIT'IC,  Rachit'icus,  RkacMt'icua,  (F.) 
Rachitique.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to,  or  affected  with  rickets. 
Weak,  feeble  in  the  joints;  defective  in  develop- 
ment. 

RACHI'TIS,  Rkachi'tis,  from  'paxa,  'the 
spine,'  and  itis,  a  suiBx  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  spine.  Also,  Cyrto'sis  Ra'- 
chia,  Cyrton'osus,  Morbus  Ang' iicits,  Osteomala'cia 
Iiifnn'ti(m,Tahes pector'ea ;  Innutritio  ossium,  Spi- 
?ta  nodo'sa,  Raehitia'mus,  English  disease, Rickets ; 
from  'pa'y(^ig,  'the  spine,'  (F.)  Rachitisme,  Nouure. 
A  disease  characterized  by  crookedness  of  the 
long  bones;  swelling  of  their  extremities;  crooked 
spine;  prominent  abdomen  ;  large  head;  and  often 
precocity  of  intellect.  It  is  accompanied  by  lean- 
ness, general  debility,  indigestion  ;  and  frequently 
induces  atrophy  and  hectic.  Rickets  occurs,  par- 
ticularly, during  the  first  years  of  existence,  in 
weakly  children,  born  of  rickety  or  scrofulous 
parents  ;  brought  up  in  damp  or  confined  situa- 
tions ;  who  are  badly  nourished,  and  do  not  take 
suflScient  exercise.  The  progress  and  termination 
of  the  disease  are  very  variable.  Some  children 
gradually  recover  their  health  :  others  become 
more  and  more  deformed,  and  ultimately  die  of 
consumption,  dropsy,  or  other  organic  disease. 
The  treatment  is  almost  wholly  hi/gienic.  Pure 
air;  a  healthy  situation ;  nourishing  diet;  exer- 
cise ;  sea  or  common  cold  bathing,  and  tonics, 
afford  the  best  prospect  of  success. 

Rachitis  Adultorum,  Mollities  ossium. 

RACHITISME,  Rachitis. 

RAOHITOME,  from  payig,  'spine,' and  Ttjivtiv, 
'to  cut.'  An  anatomical  instrument  for  opening 
the  medullar  spinalis  without  injuring  the  me- 
dulla. 

RACHO'SIS,  Rhacho'sia,  Raho'sis,  from  'pavota, 
or  'paKoa,  'I  wrinkle.'  A  relaxation  of  the  scro- 
tum. Propto'ma  seu  lax' itas  Scroti,  Scrotum 
pen'dulum.  An  excoriation  of  the  relaxed  scro- 
tum. 

RACINE  A  BECQUET,  Geranium  moseha- 
tum — r.  de  Bengal,  Cassumuniar — r.  Bresilienne, 
Ipecacuanha  — r.  de  Charcis,  Dorstenia  contra- 
yerva — r.  de  Chine,  Smilax  china — r.  de  Dracke, 
Dorstenia  contrayerva  —  r.  des  Philij^jnnes,  Dor- 
stenia contrayerva — r.  de  Safran,  Curcuma  longa 
— r.  de  Saint  Esprit,  Angelica — r.  Salivaire,  An- 
themis  pyrethrum  —  r.  de  Turbeth,  Convolvulus 
turpethum. 

RACINE S  BU  CERVELET,  Corpora  resti- 
formia. 

RACLURES  DES  BOYAUX,  Ramenta  in- 
testinorum. 

BACORNISSEMENT  (F.),  from  racomir, 
{cornu,  'horn,')  'to  make  hard  as  horn.'  Cor'- 
tiification.  A  physical  property,  possessed  by 
animal  substances,  which  consists  in  a  kind  of 
contractility,  accompanied  with  sudden  corruga- 
tion and  curling.  It  is  produced  by  heat,  and  by 
chemical  agents,  especially  by  the  strong  mineral 
acids. 

RADCLIFFE'S  ELIXIR,  see  Tinctura  aloes 
composita. 

RADESYGE,  Radzyge. 

RADEZYGE,  Radzyge. 
60 


RADIAD,  see  Radial  aspect. 

RA'DIAL,  Radia'lis,  from  radius,  'a.  bone  of 
the  forearm.'     That  which  relates  to  the  radius. 

RADIAL  ANTERIEUR,  Palmaris  magnus. 

Radial  Artery,  A.  extern' a  Cu'hiii.  It  arises 
from  the  brachial,  at  the  upper  and  anterior  part 
of  the  forearm;  descends  on  the  outer  side  as  far 
as  the  lower  part  of  the  radius,  and  proceeds 
downwards  and  backwards  towards  the  superior 
extremity  of  the  space  which  separates  the  first 
two  metacarpal  bones.  It  then  buries  itself  in 
the  palm  of  the  hand,  where  it  forms  the  737-0- 
found  or  radial  palmar  arch.  The  radial  artery 
gives  off  the  recurrent  radial,  several  radio-mus- 
cular branches,  ihetransversejyalmarradio-carprd 
artery,  the  external  sujyerjicial  artery  of  the  palm 
of  the  hand,  'the  external  dorsal  of  the  thumb,  the 
dorsalia  carpi,  dorsal  interosseous  artery  of  the 
index,  &c. 

Radial  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  radius  is  situated.  —  Barclay.  Ra- 
diad  is  used  by  the  same  writer,  adverbially,  to 
signify  'towards  the  radial  aspect.' 

RADIAL  EXTERNE  PRETTIER,  see  Ra- 
dialis — r.  Externe  second,  see  Radialis — r.  Grand, 
see  Radialis. 

Radial  Nerve,  Radio-digital  (Ch.),  Spiral 
Nerve,  Spiral  muscular  N.,  Mu8culo-s2nral  nerve, 
arises  from  the  four  inferior  branches  of  the  bra- 
chial plexus.  It  is,  at  first, ^situate  behind  the 
other  nerves  of  the  plexus.  Ir«-ti^en  becomes  en- 
gaged between  the  three  portions  of  the  triceps 
brachialis,  passes  behind  the  humerus,  and  de- 
scends between  the  supinator  longus  and  bra- 
chialis internus,  as  far  as  opposite  the  upper  ex- 
tremity of  the  radius.  In  its  course  it  gi\'^es  nu- 
merous filaments  to  the  triceps,  supinator  longus, 
extensor  carpi  radialis  longior,  and  to  the  inte- 
guments. Opposite  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
radius  it  divides  into  two  branches;  —  the  one 
■posterior,  which  turns  backwards  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  supinator  brevis,  and  when  it  has 
reached  the  space  between  the  two  layers  of 
muscles  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  forearm, 
divides  into  a  great  number  of  filaments,  which 
are  distributed  to  those  muscles,  and  to  the  inte- 
guments of  the  hand.  The  other  branch  is  ante- 
rior :  it  descends  before  the  supinator  brevis  and 
the  radius ;  until,  near  the  inferior  third  of  that 
bone,  it  engages  itself  between  the  tendons  of  the 
supinator  longus  and  extensor  carpi  radialis  lon- 
gior; and,  becoming  afterwards  subcutaneous, 
divides  into  two  branches,  whose  filaments  are 
distributed  to  the  integuments  of  the  thumb, 
index,  middle  finger,  to  the  outside  of  the  ring 
finger,  and  to  the  first  interosseous  muscle  of  the 
back  of  the  hand. 

RADIAL  PETIT,  see  Radialis. 

Radial  Veins,  Deep-Seated,  follow  the  same 
course  as  the  radial  artery. 

RADIA'LIS  EXTER'NUS  BRE'VIOR,  Ex- 
ten'sor  Carpi  Radialis  Bre'vior,  RadiaJia  secun- 
dua,  (F.)  Second  radial  externe,  Petit  radial, 
Epicondylo-aua-metacarpien,  (Ch.)  An  extensor 
muscle  of  the  wrist,  situate  beneath  the  extensor 
carpi  radialis  longior.  It  is  attached,  above,  to 
the  external  tuberosity  of  the  humerus,  and  ter- 
minates below,  by  a  long  tendon,  inserted  into 
the  posterior  part  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
third  bone  of  the  metacarpus.  It  has  the  same 
uses  as  the  next  muscle. 

Radia'lis  Exter'nus  Lon'gior,  Extensor 
Carpi  Radia'lis  Lon'gior,  Radialis  externus  pri- 
mus, (F.)  Premier  radial  externe.  Grand  radial, 
Humero  sus-metacarpien,  (Ch.)  It  is  seated  at 
the  outer  part  of  the  forearm;  is  thin,  but  thicker 
on  the  outside  than  on  the  inside.  It  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  outer  edge,  and 


RADIATED 


■86 


RAIDEUR 


to  the  corresponding  tuberosity,  of  the  humerus;  I'  ttilerosUy  or  eminence  for  the  insertion  of  the 
and  terminates,  below,  by  a  long  tendon,  which  i;  biceps.  The  radius  is  articulated,  above,  with 
is  attached  to  the  superior  extremity  of  the  second  \<  the  os  humeri  and  with  the  lesser  sigmoid  cavity 


of  the  ulna  :  below,  with  the  seaphoides,  seniUu. 
nare,  and  the  head  of  the  ulna.  Its  inferior  ex- 
tremity, which  is  larger  than  the  superior,  is  idat- 
tened  before  and  behind :  is  irregularly  quadri- 
lateral;  and  has,  below,  a  double  faeette  to  bj 
articulated  with  the  first  two  bones  of  the  carpurs. 
On  the  outer  side  is  the  styloid  process;  and,  on 
the  inner,  a  concave  faeette,  which  joins  the  ulni 
Behind,  are  grooves  for  the  passage  of  the  eiteii  ■ 
sor  tendons.  The  radius  is  developed  frora  thTe-=! 
points  of  ossification;  one  for  the  body,  and  ohk. 
for  each  extremity. 

RADrVS,  COL  DU,  Collum  radii. 
RA'DIX,  genitive,    radicis,    Khiza.     A   root: 
also,  the  male  organ. 

Radix,  Root  or  fang  of  a  tooth,  is  the  part  con- 
tained in  the  alveolus.  The  radix  or  raat  of  the 
nail  is  the  portion  hidden  under  the  skia,  &c. 
Surgeons  give  the  name  to  prolongations,  cont  by 
scirrhous,  cancerous,  or  other  tumours  into  the 
neighbouring  parts. 

Five  Aperient  Roots,  Quinqne  radi'ccs  ajye- 
Radicide«  vascuhiires,  are  the  small  vessels  that  j-  rien'fes,  were,  of  old,  asparagus,  butchers'  broom, 
take   their  origin  in    the   tissues,  and   by  their  i  fennel,  parsley,  and  smallage. 


bone  of  the  metacarpus.  It  extends  the  hand  on 
the  forearm. 

fiADiALis  ExTERNUs  Primus,  R.  Externus 
longior  —  r.  Extensor  lougior,  R.  Externus  lon- 
gior — r.  Internus,  Palmaris  magnus — r.  Secuudus, 
R.  Externus  longior. 

RAD'IATED,  Radia'tus,  from  radius,  'a  ray  ;' 
(¥.)  Rayoune.  That  which  is  arranged  in  rays  ; 
in  lines,  diverging  from  a  common  centre.  An 
epithet  given  to  several  ligaments,  <tc. :  as  to 
those  which  unite  the  ribs  to  the  sternum:  those 
which  unite  the  tibia  and  fibula  at  their  inferior 
extremity,  &c. 

Radiated  Substance  of  the  Kidney,  see 
Kidney. 

RAD'ICAL,  Radica'lis,  from  radix,  radicis, 
'  a  root.'  A  radical  cure,  cura  radica'lis,  is  one 
in  which  the  disease  is  destroyed,  as  it  were,  frora 
the  root.  It  is  used  in  opposition  to  palliative 
cure, 

Radicai,  Moisture,  Humidum  radicale. 

Radical  Vessels,    Vas'cuhir   Rad'icles,   (F.)  ii 


union  form  larger  vessel 

RADICES  OSSIS  HYOIDEI,  Cornua  ossis 
hyoidei. 

RADICIS'ECA,  from  radix,  radicis,  'a  root,' 
and  seco.re,  'to  cut.'     One  employed  in  collecting 
and  preparing  plants  was  formerly  so  called. 
RADICULA,  Raphanus  hortensis. 
RADIOULES  VASCULAIRES,  Radical  ves- 
sels. 

RADII  CILIARES,  Ciliary  processes. 
Radii  Frostis.     The  folds  or  wrinkles  of  the 
forehead. 

RA'DIO,  from  radius.  In  composition,  re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  radius,  a  bone  of  the 
forearm. 

Radio-Carpal.  Radio-carpia' nus.  That  which 
relates  to  the  radius  and  carpus. 

Radio-Carpal  Articulation  is  the  icrist  joint, 
or  articulation  of  the  os  seaphoides,  os  semilunare, 
and  OS  cuneiforrae  of  the  carpus  with  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  radius,  and  the  fibro-cartilage,  situ- 
ate below  the  ulna.  It  is  strengthened  by  lateral, 
anterior,  and  posterior  ligaments. 

Radiocarpal  Transverse  Palmar  Artery, 
(F.)  Artere  Radio -earpienne-tronsversale-pal- 
maire.  A  transverse  branch,  given  off  by  the 
radial  artery,  opposite  the  lower  edge  of  the  pro- 
nator quadratus,  which  sends  several  branches  to  ; 
the  anterior  or  palmar  surface  of  the  carpus.  \\ 

RADIO  CUTANE  (XERF,)  see  Cutaneous—  Jj 
r.  Phalaugettien  da  pioace.  Flexor  longus  pollicis  j[ 
manus.  fi 

RADIOLUS,  Sound.  i 

RADIO-MUS'CULAR.  Rndio-muscvla'ris.  A 
name  given  to  the  branches  sent  off  from  the  ra- 
dial artery  to  the  muscles  of  the  forearm  in  the 
first  part  of  its  course :  as  well  as  to  the  nervous 
filaments  which  the  radial  nerve  sends  to  the 
same  muscles. 

RADfS,  Raphanus  hortensis  —  r.  de  ChevaJ, 
Cochlearia  armoracia. 

RADISH,  Raphanus  hortensis — r.  V/ater,  JTas- 
turtiura  amphibium. 

RADIUS,  '  a  spoke  :' — so  called  from  its  shape. 
Cercis.  Fri<j"iie  minus  seu  svperius,  Canna  minor, 
Os  ad  cubita'le,  Additamen'tum  idncB,  3/anu'briiim 
manus,  Parape'chyon,  Arun'do  bra'eJiii  minor, 
(F.)  Os  du  Rayon.  A  long,  prismatic  bone,  the 
upper  and  lesser  extremity  of  which  is  called  the 
head.  This  is  supported  by  a  cervix  or  neck. 
At  the  part  where  the  neck  is  confounded  with 
the  body  of  the  bone  is  the  tubercle  or  bicipital 


Five  Lesser  Aperient  Roots,  Quinqne  radi'ees 
aperien' tes  mino'res,  were  caper,  dandelion, 
eryngo,  madder,  and  rest-harrow. 

Radix  Asclepiadis  Crispa,  see  Gomphocar- 
pus  crispus  —  r.  Braziliensis,  Ipecacuanha. 

Radix  Cordis,  Basis  Cordis.  The  base  of  the 
heart. 

Radix  Ginseng,  see  Panax  quinquefolinm  —  r. 
Indica  Lopeziana,  Lopez  radix  —  r.  liinguae,  see 
Tongue  —  r.  Lopeziana,  Lopez  radix  —  r.  Ninsi, 
Panax  schinseng,  Slum  ninsi — r.  Rubra,  Rubia — 
r.  Serpentum,  see  Ophiorrhiza  mungos  —  r.  Un- 
guis, Nail,  root  of — r.  Yentris,  Umbilicus. 

RADULA,  Raspatorium. 

RADZYGE,  Radzygin,  Rndesyge,  Radezyge, 
ThcB'ria,  (properly  Theria,  from  Qripiov,  ['e\KOi,) 
'  a  malignant  ulcer.')  Lepra  borea'lis  seu  Xor- 
veg"ica,  Norioe'gian  Lep'rosy.  A  name  given,  in 
Norway,  to  a  disease,  bearing  considerable  ana- 
logy to  the  yaws.  Some  have  esteemed  it  a  spe- 
cies of  lepra  or  elephantiasis. 

Another  form  —  the  Spcdalske,  or  Spedahl-hed 
—  of  Norway,  appears  to  be  a  variety  of  tuber- 
cular lepra.  Under  the  epithelial  scales,  numerous 
acari  have  been  found  ;  and  the  affection  has  been 
called  Sca'bies  crusto'sa.,  and  Sca'bies  JS'orveg"ica 
Boeck'ii,  after  Boeek,  who  well  described  a  case 
of  it. 

RAFFLE'SIA  ARNOLD'L  A  plant  of  Java. 
Order.  Rafflesiaceffi,  a  decoction  of  which  is  em- 
ployed there  as  an  astringent  in  relaxed  con- 
ditions of  the  genito-urinary  apparatus. 

RAFRAlCHISSANT,  Refrigerant. 

RAGE,  Ira,  Furor  brevis,  Orge,  Thynios,  (F.) 
Colere,  Rage.  Violent  passion,  characterized  by 
contraction  of  the  muscles  of  the  face,  violence  in 
every  movement,  extreme  irritation  of  the  ner- 
vous system,  acceleration  of  the  blood's  motion, 
and,  generally,  redness  and  swelling  of  the  face. 

Rage,  Rhage. 

RAGE,  Hydrophobia,  Rage. 

RAGE  DE  TETE.  An  epidemic  and  fatal 
malady,  which  prevailed  in  Friince  in  ]4S1.  It 
was  presumed  to  be  epidemic  meningitis. 

RAGWEED,  Ambrosia  elatior  — r.  Golden, 
Senecio  aureus  —  r.  Great,  Ambrosia  trifida. 

RAGAVORT,  Senecio  Jacobrra. 

RATA  BATIS,  and  R.  CLAVATA,  see  Oleum 
jecoris  aselli. 

RAIDEUR,  Rigidity  — r.  Cadaverique,  Rigor 
mortis. 


RAIFORT 


•87 


RANDIA 


RAIFORT,  Raphanus  hortensis  —  r.  Sauvage, 
Cochlearia  armoracia. 

RAINBOW  WORM,  Herpes  iris. 

RAINURE,  Groove  —  r.  Bigastrique,  Mastoid 
groove. 

RAISIN,  see  Vitis  vinifera  —  r.  d'Amerique, 
Phytolacca  decandra  —  r,  de  Bois,  Vaccinium 
myrtillus  —  r.  d'Ours,  Arbutus  uva  ursi — r.  de 
Reitard,  Paris. 

RAISING-.^Expectoration. 

RAISINIERE  (F.),  from  raisin,  'a  grape.' 
A  name  given  to  a  small  granular,  brownish  or 
blackish  tumour,  which  forms  occasionally  at  the 
surface  of  the  cornea,  in  consequence  of  ulcers  or 
accidental  wounds  of  that  membrane.  —  Nysten. 

RAISINS,  Uv«  passse,  see  Vitus  vinifera  —  r. 
de  Gorinthe,  see  Vitus  Corinthiaca. 

RAISON,  Reason. 

RAKASIRA.  An  American  balsam;  of  a 
brownish  or  brownish-red  colour ;  semi-transpa- 
rent; brittle;  softening  and  becoming  tenacious 
by  heat;  inodorous  when  cold,  but  exhaling  a 
very  agreeable  smell  when  heated;  and  possessing 
a  balsamic  and  slightly  bitter  taste.  The  precise 
vegetable  that  furnishes  it  is  not  known.  It  has 
been  used  chiefly  as  a  balsam  in  gonorrhoea  and 
urinary  affections. 

RAKE-TEETH.  A  term,  used  in  the  North 
of  England  for  teeth  which  are  wide  apart,  and 
similar  to  those  of  a  rake. 

RAKIA,  see  Spirit. 
.  RAKOSIS,  Rachosis. 

RALE  (F.),  Rattle,  Rhonchis,  RhencJiue, 
Rhenxis,  from  (D.)  Ratel;  Rhoncus,  Cerchnus, 
RJiogmos:  (probably  an  example  of  onomatopoeia.) 
Noise  produced  by  the  air  in  passing  through 
mucus,  of  which  the  lungs  are  unable  to  free 
themselves.  This  condition  is  chiefly  observed  at 
the  approach  of  death,  and  is  commonly  called, 
"  the  rattles." 

The  term  Rdle  has  been  given  to  different 
sounds  during  respiration,  caused  by  the  air  in 
connection  with  fluid  contained  in  the  bronchi, 
or  areolae  of  the  pulmonary  tissue ;  which  are 
perceived  by  the  stethoscope. 

RALE  BRONCHIQUE  SEC,  Rdle  sonore—r. 
Bronchique  humide,  R.  muqueiix  —  r.  Caverneux, 
Gurgling — r.  Cavermdenx,  see  Gurgling — r.  Cre- 
pitaiit,  Rhonchus  crep'itans,  see  Crepitant  —  r.  c. 
Redux,  see  Crepitant. 

RALE  MUQUEUX,  R.  hroncTiiqve  humide, 
Rhon'ctis  muco'sui,  Hygrohronchiorrhon' eh  us,  Mu- 
cous Rattle.  The  sound  produced  by  the  pas- 
sage of  air  through  mucus  accumulated  in  the 
larger  bronchi  or  trachea,  or  through  softened 
tubercular  matter.  This  rdle  occurs  in  catarrh, 
and  in  softened  tubercle.  When  carried  to  a  very 
high  degree,  it  constitutes  gurgling,  (F.)  Gargou- 
illement.  The  suhcrep'itant  rhonchus,  (F.)  Rdle 
sous-cr^jjitant,  is  produced  by  the  bubbling  of  air 
through  liquid  of  variable  consistence  in  the  mi- 
nute bronchial  tubes.  When  heard  at  the  base 
of  both  lungs,  it  is  a  sign  of  capillary  bronchitis. 
When  heard  at  one  base  only,  it  is  generally  con- 
nected with  tuberculosis  higher  up. 

RALE  sibilant,  Rhon'ehus  sib'ilus  seu  eih'- 
ilnns,  Sih'ilant  Rattle.  A  slight,  though  pro- 
longed, whistling  sound,  occurring  either  at  the 
commencement  of  inspiration,  or  of  expiration, 
owing  to  the  presence  of  mucus,  thin  and  viscid, 
but  not  abundant,  which  obstructs,  more  or  less 
completely,  the  smaller  bronchial  ramifications. 
It  is  seated  in  the  small  tubes,  and  occurs  in  the 
first  stage  of  bronchitis.  The  clicking  and  tohist- 
ling  varieties  differ,  in  the  former  being  short, 
the  latter  prolonged.  The  former  is  a  quick, 
sharp  sibilus  or  whistle,  which  ceases  almost  in- 


stantaneously;  the  latter  a  prolonged  sibilus,  of 
less  sharpness,  lasting  almost  the  whole  time  of 
the  movement  which  it  accompanies.  To  these 
may  be  added  the  hissing  variety,  the  name  sufiS- 
ciently  indicating  its  character. 

Rale  SONORE,  R.  bronchique  sec  ou  ron- 
flant,  Rhonchus  sono'rus,  Sono'rous  Rattle.  A 
sound  resembling'at  times  the  snoring — (F.)  Ron- 
flement — of  a  person  asleep  ;  at  others  the  sound 
of  the  bass  string  of  an  instrument  when  rubbed 
with  the  finger,  and  not  unfrequently  the  cooing 
— (F.)  Roucoulement — of  a  dove.  It  seems  to  be 
caused  by  a  contraction  of  the  bronchial  tubes, 
and  is  characteristic  of  chronic  catarrh. 

RALE  SOUS-CREPITANT,  see  Rdle  mu- 
queiix—  r.  Vesiculaire,  see  Crepitation. 

RAMEA  U,  Ramus. 

RAMBERGE,  Mercurialis. 

RAMEN'TA  INTESTINO'RUM,  Scrapings 
of  the  Intestines,  (F.)  Raclures  des  Boyaux.  The 
shreds  or  scrapings,  as  it  were,  of  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  bowels,  often  discharged  in  ma- 
lignant dysentery.  The  evacuation  in  which 
these  are  contained  has  been  texmeA  Biachore' ma 
xysmato'des. 

RAMENTUM,  Fragment,  Scobs. 

RAMEX,  Hernia — r.  Varicosus,  Varicocele. 

RAMIFICA'TION,  Ramifica' tio,  from  ramus, 
'a  branch,'  and^o,  "to  become.'  A  division  of 
arteries,  veins,  or  nerves  into  branches.  Also,  a 
branch  itself. 

RA3IILLE,  Ramusculus. 

RAM0LLISSE3IENT,  IVIollities  — r.  du  Cer- 
veax,  Mollities  cerebri — r.  du  Cceur,  Cardiomala- 
cia — r.  de  VEstomac,  Gastromalacia — r.  du  Foie, 
Hepatomalacia — r.  Gris.  see  Hepatization — r.  de 
la  Moelle  epiniire,  Mollities  medullae  spinalis  — 
r.  Rouge,  see  Hepatization — ;•.  de  Vlntestin,  En- 
tero-malacia — r.  des  Os,  Mollities  ossium. 

RA3IPANT  (F.),  from  ramper,  'to  climb.' 
Repjens,  Rcptans.  That  which  creeps  or  crawls. 
The  French  Bandage  rampant  has  the  folds 
arranged  spirally  around  the  part,  leaving  in- 
tervals between  them.  It  is  a  retentive  ban- 
dage, but  is  easily  displaced,  and,  therefore,  not 
employed. 

RAJrPES  DU  LUIAgON,  Scalaj  of  the 
cochlea. 

RAMPHOS,  Rostrum. 

RAMULUS,  Ramusculus. 

RAMUNCIJLUS,  Ramusculus. 

RAMUS,  Clados.  a  branch,  (F.)  Rameau.  A 
division  of  an  artery,  vein,  or  nerve.  Also,  the 
male  organ. 

Ramus  Dueior  SErTur^  Conjugationis,  Fa- 
cial nerve. 

RAMUS'CULUS,  Ram'ulus,  Ramun'culus, 
Sur'culus,  Cladis'cos,  diminutive  of  ramus,  '  a 
branch.'  A  division  of  a  ramus.  (F.)  Ramus- 
cule.  Ramille. 

RANA  ESCULEN'TA,  'esculent  frog,'  (F.) 
Grenouille.  This  frog  and  the  bull-frog,  Rana 
Tauri'na  —  are  eaten  as  delicacies.  They  are 
nutritious,  and  easily  digested. 

Rana,  Ranula. 

RANGE,  Rancid. 

RANCID,  Ran'cidus,  Sapros,  (F.)  Ranee,  from 
rancere,  'to  be  stale.'  An  epithet  given  to  fatty 
bodies,  which  have  become  acrid  from  age  or  the 
contact  of  air.  Mild  ointments  may  thus  become 
very  irritating,  and  unfit  for  the  purposes  for 
which  they  were  originally  intended. 

RAN'DIA  DUMETO'RUM,^.  Sinno'sa,  Can'- 
thiwn  Corona'tum,  Garden'ia  seu  Posoque'ria 
Bnmeto'rum  sen  Sinno'sa.  A  Coromandel  shrub; 
Ord.  Cinchonacae  :  the  fruit  of  which,  bruised 
and  thrown  on  the  water,  intoxicates,  or  even 


RANDIA   SPINOSA 


88 


RAPPORT 


hills  fish.  In  the  form  of  powder,  it  is  a  power- 
ful emetic. 

RANDIA  SPINOSA,  R.  dumetorum. 

P1.ANIXE,  Eani'na;  from  liana,  'a  frog.' 
The  termination  of  the  lingual  artery  is  so  called  ; 
that  is,  the  portion  of  the  artery  which  advances 
horizontally  between  the  genio-glossus  and  lin- 
gualis  muscles  as  far  as  the  point  of  the  tongue. 
The  ranine  vein  follows  the  same  course  as  the 
artery,  and  opens  into  the  internal  jugular  or  in- 
to the  superior  thyroid. 

RAXTREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

RAN'ULA,  diminutive  of  rana,  '  a  frog,'  so 
.called  from  its  resemblance  ;  Bijspha'gia  lianula, 
Umphrag'ma  sah'va're,  Ba'trnchos,  Batra'chiiim, 
Mydroglos'sa,  Hypoglossis,  Htjpriglossum,  IJypo- 
glot'tis,  IIyp)oglos'sium,  liana,  Frog  Tongue,  (F.) 
Grenouillette.  A  small,  soft,  fluctuating,  and 
semi-transparent  tumour,  which  forms  under  the 
tongue,  owing  to  the  accumulation  of  saliva  in 
Wharton's  duct.  In  order  to  give  exit  to  the  ac- 
cumulated fluid,  and  to  establish  a  permanent 
opening  for  the  discharge  of  the  saliva,  the  cyst 
may  be  punctured,  and  the  opening  maintained 
by  a  minute  cylinder,  with  a  button  at  each  ex- 
tremity, as  has  been  recommended  by  Dupuj'- 
tren  ;  or  a  portion  of  the  cyst  may  be  removed  hj 
the  scissors,  and  the  mouth  be  frequently  washed 
by  any  astringent  lotion.  Sometimes,  the  sali- 
vary duct  is  found  plugged  by  a  small  calculus. 

Randla  Lapidea,  see  Calculi,  salivary. 

RANUN'CULUS,  (F.)  Eenoncule,  (So.)  Yellow 
goican,  Orel.  Ranunculaceas  ;  Sex.  Syst.  Polyan- 
dria  Polygynia.  Diminutive  oi  rana,  'a  frog,'  be- 
cause found  in  marshy  places  where  frogs  abound. 
A  genus  of  plants,  most  of  the  species  of  which, 
when  taken  internally,  act  as  acrid  poisons.  See 
Poison.  They  are,  also,  acrid  and  vesicant,  when 
applied  to  the  skin,  and  have  accordingly  been 
often  used  as  counter-irritants.  The  following 
species  answer  to  this  description. 

Rancmculus  Abortitus,  Small-flowered  Crow- 
foot, Chicken -pepjjer. 

PtANrxcTJLus  AcRis,  B.prafen'sis  seu  Steven' ii 
seu  ru'fulus  seu  sylvat'icvs  seu  Sic'iilus,  Upright 
Meadow  or  Tall  Crowfoot,  Butter  Cups,  (Pro v.) 
Graisey,  Guilty  Cups,  Yellow-iceed,  Blister-weed, 
Pilewort,  Burwort,  Meadow-hloom,  Yellows,  (F.), 
Bouton  d'or. 

Ranunculus  Albus,  Anemone  nemorosa. 

Ranunculus  Aquaticus,  H.  sceleratus. 

Ranunculus  Bulbo'sus,  R.  IcBtus,  Ranunculus 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Bulbous  or  Bulbous-rooted  Crowfoot, 
Butter  Cups,  (F.)  Renoncule  bulbeuse.  Bassinet, 

Ranunculus  Digitatus,  R.  sceleratus. 

Ranunculus  Declinatus,  R.  flammula. 

Ranunculus  Fica'ria,  R.  vemus  seu  pracox, 
Ghelido'nium  minus,  Serophula'ria  minor,  Fica'- 
ria ranuncvloi'des  seu  verna  seu  commu'nis,  Che- 
lido'nia  rotundifo'lia  minor,  Gursu'ma  hamor- 
rhoida'lis  herba,  JEgole'thron,  Lesser  celandine, 
Pilewort,  (F.)  Petite  Ohelidoine,  Petite  Eclaire, 
Ficaire,  Herbe  aux  hemorrho'ides.  The  leaves 
and  root  have  been  used  medicinally  ; — the  leaves 
as  an  antiscorbutic;  the  root  as  a  cataplasm  in 
piles. 

Ranunculus  Fi.am'mula,  R.decNna'tus,  Flam'- 
viula,  Snrrec'ta  alba,  Smaller  Water  Crowfoot, 
Lesser  Spearwort,  (F.)  Petite  Bouve. 

Ranunculus  Illyricus. 

Ranunculus  Lingua. 

Ranunclilus  L^tus,  R.  bulbosus — r.  Nemo- 
rosus,  Anemone  nemorosa  —  r.  Palustris,  R.  sce- 
leratus—  r.  Pratensis,  Pv.  acris. 

Ranunculus  Pennsyltanicus,  Bristly  Crow- 
fool. 

Ranunculus  PRyEcox,  R.  ficaria. 

Ranunculus  Pubes'cens.  Grows  in  ditches 
and   marshes  in  South  Africa.     The   expressed 


juice  is  used  by  the  Cape  Colonists  in  cancerous 
ulcers. 

Ranunculus  Repens,  Creeping  Crowfoot — r. 
Rufulus,  R.  acris. 

Ranunculus  Scelera'tus,  R.  Palus'tris  seu 
umbella'tus  seu  digita'tus  seu  aquat'icus,  Risus 
A'pium,  Herba  Sardo'nia,  Herba  Scelera'tn,  He- 
cato'nia  palus'tris,  Marsh  or  Crushed  or  Celery- 
leaved  Crowfoot. 

Ranunculus  Siculus,  R.  acris  —  r.  Stevenii, 
R.  acris  —  r.  Umbellatus,  R.  sceleratus  —  r.  Ver- 
nus,  R.  ficaria  —  r.  Virginianus,  Lobelia  syphili- 
tica. 

RAPA  ISTAPUS,  Brassica  rapa  —  r.  Rotunda, 
Brassica  rapa. 

RAPE,  Brassica  napus,  Stuprum. 

RAPHAXE'DON,  from  'pa(pavtg,  'a  radish,  like 
a  radish.'  Rhaphanedon.  A  transverse  fracture 
of  a  long  bone,  leaving  no  splinters  ;  —  what  has 
been  called,  in  France,  Fracture  en  rave. 

RAPHA'XIA,  Convul'sio  Raphania,  Rhapha'- 
nia,  Morbus  spasmod'icus  malig'nus  seu  p>'>pnla'- 
ris  seu  Sile'siaeus,  Fclampi'sia  typho'des,  Sync'- 
lonus  Rajjhania.  Linnaeus  gives  this  name  to  a 
convulsive  disease,  not  nncommon  in  Germany 
and  Sweden,  and  which  has  been  attributed  to 
the  seeds  of  the  Raph'anus  Rajjhanis'trum  seu 
sylves'tris,  Rajjhanis' trtim  seg"eturn  seu  arvense, 
Rapistrum,  being  mixed  with  the  corn.  The  con- 
vulsions are  seated  in  the  limbs,  and  are  attended 
with  acute  pain.     See  Convulsio  cerealis. 

Raphania  Maiztica,  Pellagra. 

RAPHAXIS,  Raphanus  hortensis — r.  Magna, 
Cochlearia  armoracia. 

RHAPHAXISTRUM  ARYEXSE,  see  Ra- 
phania. 

RAPHAXUS,  R.  hortensis. 

Raph'anus  Horten'sis,  Raphanus,  R.sati'vua 
seu  niger,  Rapih'anis,  Rhaph'anus,  Radie'ula, 
Rhaphys,  Raphys,  Rhaps,  Rapys,  Radish,  (F.) 
Raifort,  Radis.  Ord.  Cruciferaj.  Sex.  Syst. 
Tetradynamia  Siliqnosa.  The  root  of  this  plant 
is  a  common  esculent.  It  has,  also,  been  given 
as  a  diuretic  in  calculous  affections.  The  juice, 
made  into  a  syrup,  is  exhibited  to  relieve  hoarse- 
ness. Radishes  have  long  been  celebrated  as 
anti-scorbutics. 

Raphanus  Maeinus,  Cochlearia  armoracia  — 
r.  Raphanistrum,  see  Raphania  — r.  Rusticanus, 
Cochlearia  armoracia  —  r.  Sylvestris,  see  Rapha- 
nia. 

RAPHE,  Rhaphe,  'pa(pn,  'a  suture.'  A  name 
given  to  prominent  lines  resembling  a  raised 
stitch.  Such  is  the  raphe  or  tramis  which  divides 
the  scrotum  into  two  parts,  and  which  extends 
from  the  anterior  part  of  the  anus  to  the  extre- 
mity of  the  penis.  The  name  Raphe  seu  Raphe 
supe'rior  seu  Linea  MedAa'na  seu  Sutu'ra  cor'- 
poris  callo'si  exter'na  seu  chorda  longitudina'lis 
Lancis'ii  is,  also,  given  to  two  prominent  lines 
which  are  longitudinal  and  parallel,  and  are  seen 
at  the  upper  surface  of  the  corpus  callosum,  ex- 
tending from  the  anterior  to  the  posterior  extre- 
mity of  that  commissure. 

RAPHEX,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

RAPHIAXKIS'TROX,from'pa,^(ov,' a  needle,' 
and  ayKiarpov,  'a.  hook.'  An  instrument  em- 
ploved  in  the  formation  of  artificial  pupil. 

RAPHIOX,  Needle. 

RAPHIS,  X^eedle. 

RAPHY-S,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RAPISTRUM,  see  Raphania. 

RAPONTIC,  Rheum  rhaponticum. 

RAPPORT  (F.),  Rela'tio,  Renuncia'tio,  'a 
report.'  A  deposition  made  by  a  physician  or 
surgeon,  to  prove  the  condition  of  a  person,  the 
nature  of  a  disease,  the  existence  or  non-exist- 
ence of  pregnancy,  sudden  or  violent  death,  &a 


RAPPORT 


KEALGAR 


Formerly,  there  were  the  Rapporis  denonciatifs, 
made  at  the  desire  of  the  injured  or  their  friends, 
and  intended  to  point  out  to  the  judges  the  de- 
tails of  the  crime  or  misdemeanor, — the  Rapports 
2}rovisoires,  the  ohject  of  which  was  to  obtain 
'provisions  for  the  injured  individual,  both  as  re- 
garded food  and  medicine,  and  to  defray  the  ex- 
penses of  prosecution  ; — and  Rajipnrts  mixtes,  or 
those  which  were  both  denonciatifs  and  pirovi- 
soires.  At  present,  reports  or  depositions  are 
generally  divided  inio  judiciary ,  or  those  which 
serve  to  throw  light  on  the  subject  matter  of  any 
civil  or  criminal  cause;  and  administrative, 
which  afford  information  on  subjects  relating  to 
any  branch  of  the  public  administration,  as  on 
the  nuisance,  or  otherwise,  of  certain  establish- 
ments, the  character  of  any  epidemic,  &c. 

RAPPORT,  Eructation,  Regurgitation. 

RAPTUS  POST-TERGANEUS,  Opisthoto- 
nos. 

RAPUM  MAJUS,  Brassica  rapa. 

RAPUNTIUM  SYPHILITICUM,  Lobelia  sy- 
philitiea. 

RAPURE,  Rasura. 

RAPYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RAQUETTE,  Cactus  opuntia. 

RAREFA'CIENS,  Rarifa'ciens,  Arceot'icus, 
(F.)  Rarefiant,  from  rants,  'rare,'  iind  facere,  'to 
make.'  Medicines  were  so  termed,  which  were 
supposed  to  be  possessed  of  the  power  of  giving 
more  bulk  or  extension  to  the  blood  or  other 
humours. 
•      RAREFIANT,  Rarefaciens. 

RARIFACIENS,  Rarefaciens. 

RA'RITAS,  (^.)Rai-ete.  Rarity;  scantiness; 
fewness. 

RA.RITAS  Den'tidj:.  a  large  space  between  the 
teeth,  which  appear  to  be,  and  may  be,  too  few. 

RASCATIO,  Excreation. 

RASCETA,  Carpus,  Malleolus  —  r.  Pedis, 
Tarsus. 

RASCHA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASETA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASETTA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASH,  Exanthem  — r.  Fever,  Scarlatina — r. 
Canker,  see  Cynanche  maligna — r.  Lichenous, 
Lichen  —  r.  Mercurial,  Eczema  mercuriale  —  r. 
Mulberry,  see  Typhus  —  r.  Nettle,  Urticaria — r. 
Rose,  Roseola — r.  Summer,  Lichen  tropicus — r. 
Tooth,  .Strophulus — r.  Wildfire,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 

RASOIR,  Razor. 

RASO'RISM.  The  Italian  medical  doctrine 
of  contro-stimulus,  of  which  Rasori  was  the 
founder. 

RASORIUM,  Raspatorium. 

RASPATO'RIUM,  Raso'rium,  Rat'tda,  Scal- 
prum  roso'rium,  Xyster,  Xi/ste'rium,  Xystrnn^, 
Rad'ida,  Runoi'na,  Runcin'ula,  Scalprum,  (F.) 
Rugine,  Grattoir.  An  instrument  used  for  rasp- 
ing bones,  to  detach  the  periosteum,  —  either  in 
certain  surgical  operations,  or  for  anatomical  pur- 
poses. 

RASPBERRY,  Rubus  idfeus  —  r.  Black,  see 
Rubus  strigosus — r.  Ground,  Hydrastis  Canaden- 
sis ^r.  Wild,  Rubus  strigosus. 

RASPING,  Eructation. 

RASPS,  Rubus  fruticosus. 

RASSETA  PEDIS,  Tarsus. 

RASTETA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASU'RA,  Xysma,  Xysmos,  (F.)  Rdjmre,  from 
radere,  rasum,  'to  scrape.'  A  rasure,  or  scratch, 
or  erosion.  Also,  the  rasping  or  shaving  of  any 
substance;  as  Rasu'ra  Cornu  Cervi,  Hartshorn 
shavinffs. 

Rasora,  Scohs. 

RATAFI'A,  (F.)  Alcoole  sucre,  Saceharo-al- 
coole.     A  liquor  prepared  by  imparting  to  ardent 


spirits  the  flavour  of  various  kinds  of  fruits,  add- 
ing sugar. 

RATANHY,  Krameria  ratanhia — r.  of  the  An- 
tilles, Krameria  ixina. 
RATE,  Spleen. 
RATELEUX,  Spleneticus. 
RATELIER,  see  Bentier. 

RATIO,  Rationa'litas,  from  reor,  ratus,  'to 
think.'  A  reason,  a  cause,  an  explanation,  a 
mode  or  manner;  as  Ratio  sj/mpfom'atum,  an  ex- 
planation of  the  symptoms, —  Ratio  meden'di. 
Genus  curatio'nis,  Via  curandi ;  the  reason, 
mode  or  manner  of  cure. 

Ratio,  Reason  —  r.  Medendi,  see  Ratio  —  r. 
Symptomatum,  see  Ratio. 

RAT"IONAL,  Rationa'lis,  (F.)  Rationnel. 
Same  etymon  as  Ratio.  That  which  is  conform- 
able to  reason.  This  epithet  is  often  opposed  to 
emjjirical ;  as  rational  treatment.  The  French, 
also,  say  Signes  rationales,  in  opposition  to  Sig- 
nen  sensibles.     See  Organic. 

RATIONALITAS,  Ratio. 

RATSBANE,  Arsenious  acid. 

RATTLE,  Rale. 

RATTLES,  THE,  see  R&le. 

RATTLEBUSH,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

RATTLESNAKE,  Crotalus  horridus— r.  Leaf, 
Goodyera  pubescens — r.  Plantain,  Goodyera  pu- 
bescens  —  r.  Root,  Nabalus  albus,  Polygala  sene- 
ga, Trillium  latifolium  —  r.  Weed,  Hieracium  ve- 
nosum. 

RATTLESNAKE'S  MASTER,  Agave  Virgi- 
nica,  Liatris  scariosa,  Nabalus  albus. 

RATTLEWEED,  Actaea  racemosa. 

RATULA,  Raspatorium. 

RAUCE'DO,  Rau'citas,  ParajjJio'nta  rauca, 
Asper'itas  Arte'ricB  as'percB,  Vox  rauca,  Bran- 
chiis,  Hoarseness,  (Sc.)  Roup,  (Prov.)  Rawp,  (F.) 
Enrouement,  Raucite,  from  raucus,  '  hoarse.'  A 
change  in  the  voice,  which  loses  its  smoothness 
and  becomes  low  and  obscure.  It  is  a  common 
sj'mptom  in  diseases  of  the  larynx  and  trachea. 

Radcedo  Catarbha'lis.  Hoai-seness  from 
cold. 

RAUCITAS,  Raucedo. 

RA  UCITE,  Raucedo. 

PiAUCOUS,  Raucus.  'Hoarse;'  as  a  raucous 
voice  —  Vox  rauca  seu  raucia'ona. 

RA  VE,  Brassica  rapa. 

RAVERY,  Delirium. 

RAWP,  Raucedo. 

RAY,  Diarrhoea. 

RA  YONNE,  Radiated. 

RAYONS  SOUS-IRIENS,  Ciliary  processes 

RAZOR,  Culter  Tonsor'ius,  Machce'ris,  Novac'- 
ula,  Xyrum,  Xyrus,  (F.)  Rasoir,  from  radere, 
rasum,  'to  shave.'  An  instrument  for  shaving. 
Used  in  surgery  to  remove  hairs,  where  they 
would  interfere  with  any  operation. 

REACHING,  Vomiturition. 

REACTION,  Reac'tio,  from  re,  'again,'  and 
agere,  actum,  '  to  act.'  An  action  of  resistance  to 
a  power  applied.  A  species  of  vital  movement 
or  excitement,  tending  to  prevent  or  destroy  the 
effects  of  any  noxious  power  applied  to  the  ani- 
mal economy,  and  which,  by  some,  has  been 
attributed  to  the  vis  medicatrix  natures.  It  is 
certainly  dependent  on  the  organic  instinctive 
actions  of  the  frame.  It  is  the  state  of  activity 
which  succeeds  the  action  on  the  nervous  system 
of  certain  morbific  influences. 

READ,  Rennet. 

REAL'GAR,  Realgal,  Arlada,  Arladar,  Auri. 
pigwen'tum  ruhrum,  Arsen'icum  rubrum  facti"- 
tiitm,  Abessi,  Sandara'cha  Graco'rum,  Red  Sul- 
phuret  of  Mercury.  A  violent  poison.  See 
Poison, 


REAM 


790 


RECTUM 


REAM,  Cream. 

REASON,  Ka'tio,  Lngos,  (F.)  Eaiaon.     Same 
stymon  as  Ratio.     The  faculty  or  property  of  the 
mind  by  means  of  which  man  perceives  the  dis- 
tinction between  right  and  wrong,  in  physics  as 
well  as  in  morals.     Benson  is  a  just  conclusion 
resulting  from  the  comparison  of  two  ideas,  by 
virtue  of  which  we  form  a  judgment. 
RBBOLBA,  Mummy. 
REBONA.  Mummy. 
EEBOUTEUR,  Reiioueur. 
RECEIVER,  AmpuUu,  (F.)  Ballon,  Recipient, 
from  recipere,  reeeptiim,  (re,  and  capere,  '  to  take,') 
'to    take,    to    receive.'      In    pharmacy,    a   wide- 
necked  globular  vessel,  the  neck  of  which  widens 
gradually  outwards,  to  receive  the  tapering  beak 
of  the  retort  in  distillation.     Like  the  retort,  the 
receiver  may  be  plain  or  tubulated. 

A  quilled  receiver  is  one  that  has  a  tapering 
tube  from  its  lower  surface,  which  is  inserted  into 
a  graduated  bottle  through  a  cork  joint,  when  it 
is  desirable  to  know  accurately  the  amount  of 
fluid  that  has  passed  over. 

RECEPTACULA  DURJa  MATRIS,  Sinuses 
of  the  dura  mater. 

RECEPTAC'ULUM  CHYLI,  'receptacle  of 
the  chyle;'  R.  Pecquet'i  seu  Pecquetia'num,  Di- 
verso' rium  seu  Stagnum  chyli,  Sac'culua  chy'lifer 
seu  ro'rifer  seu  hce'teus,  Al'veus  ampullo'sus  seu 
ampulles'cens,  ITtric'xdus  lacteus,  Vesic'ula  chyli, 
Ampxd'la  chylif'era  seu  chyli,  Cister'na  lumba'ris 
seu  Chyli,  Chylocys'tis,  Chylodochi'um,  Lat'iees 
lactei,  Lumhar  cistern,  Reservoir  of  Pecquet,  (F.) 
Reservoir  du  chyle,  R.  de  Pecquet,  Citerne  lom- 
baire.  A  considerable  dilatation  of  the  thoracic 
duct,  in  front  of  the  lumbar  region  of  the  verte- 
bral column.  It  is  the  commencement  of  the 
duct. 

Receptac'ulum  Cotun'nii.  a  triangular  space, 
formed  by  a  separation  of  the  two  laminae  of  the 
dura  mater  of  the  internal  ear,  near  the  middle 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  pars  petrosa  of  the 
temporal  bone,  where  the  aquseductus  vestibuli 
terminates.  It  is  always  filled  with  the  Fluid  of 
Cotngiio. 

Receptaculum  Pecqueti,  R.  Chyli  —  r.  Sellse 
equinse  lateribus  appositum.  Cavernous  sinus. 

RECEPTIVITY,  Receptiv'itas,  (F.)  Recejyti- 
vite.     Same  etymon  as  Receiver.     A  word  used 
by  Tissot  to  express  the  susceptibility  of  certain 
organs  to  receive  morbific  impressions. 
RECEPTUM,  Prescription. 
RECESSIO.  Paroxysm. 

RECESSUS,  Abscess,  Sinus  — r.  Sulciformis, 
see  Fovea  vestibuli, 

RECHAMALCA,  Rachamelca. 
RECHUTE,  see  Relapse. 
RECIDIVA  MORBI,  Relapse. 
RECIDIVE,  see  Relapse. 
RECIPE,  (L.)   (re,   and   cajiere,   'to    take.') 
A  Latin  word  which  signifies  'take,'  (F.)  Prenez, 
and  with  which  prescriptions  are  commenced.    It 
is,  often,  represented  by  R,  R,  and  was  formerly 
by  11,  the  symbol  of  Jove.     See  Abbreviation. 
RECIPIENT,  Receiver. 
RECIPROCATION,  VIBRATIONS    OF,  see 
Sound. 

RECLINATIO,  Reclination— r.  Palpebrarum, 
Ectropion. 

RECLINA'TION,  Reclina'tio,  from  reclinare, 
reclinaium,  {re,  and  clinare,  'to  bend,')  'to  bend 
back.'  A  mode  of  operating  for  the  cataract, 
•which  consists  in  applying  the  needle  in  a  cer- 
tain manner  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  cata- 
ract and  depressing  it  into  the  vitreous  humour, 
in  such  a  way,  that  the  front  surface  of  the  cata- 
ract is  the  upper  one  and  its  back  surface  the 
lower  one. 


RECLUSOR  PALPEBRARUM,  Levator  pal- 
pebrse  superioris. 

RECOMPOSITION,  Metasynehrisis. 

RECONVALESCENTIA,  Convalescence. 

RECORDATIO,  Memory. 

RECORDATUS,  Memory. 

RECORPORATIVUS,  Metasyncritie. 

RECOVERY,  Restauratio. 

RECREATIO,  Restauratio. 

RECREMENT,  Recremenltum,  from  re,  and 
cernere,  cretum,  '  to  sift.'  A  humour,  which,  after 
having  been  separated  from  the  blood,  is  again 
returned  to  it ;  such  as  the  saliva,  the  secretion 
of  serous  membranes,  &c.  Such  fluids  are  said  to 
be  recrementit"ial,  (F.)  ReorSmenteux,  Recremen- 
titiel ;   Humo'res  inquili'ni. 

RECREMENTA  VESICA,  Urine. 

RECREMENTITIAL  FLUIDS,  see  Recre- 
ment. 

RECREMEN'TO-  EXCREMENTIT"IAL. 
Applied  to  secreted  fluids,  as  the  saliva,  bile,  &e., 
which   are   in  part  reabsorbed  and  in  part  ex- 

RECREMENTUM,  Recrement. 

RECRUDESCEN'TIA,  Palincote'sis,  Recrn- 
des'cence,  from  re,  '  again,'  and  crudiis,  '  raw.' 
An  increase  of  a  disease  after  a  temporary  re- 
mission. 

RECTAL,  Recta'lis.  Appertaining,  or  relating 
to,  the  rectum,  —  as  'rectal  tube.'  See  Tube, 
rectal. 

RECTIFICA'TION,  Rectifca'tio,  from  rectum 
facere,  'to  make  right.'  An  operation  by  which 
certain  liquids  are  purified  by  distilling  them, 
either  singly  or  after  admixture  with  other  sub- 
stances. 

RECTI'TIS.  A  hybrid  word,  from  rectum, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation;  properly  orchi- 
tis, or  proctitis.  Inflammation  of  the  rectum, 
Proctal'gia  injlamniato' ria. 

RECTO,  in  composition,  signifies  relating  or 
belonging  to  the  rectum. 

RECTOCELE,  Cystocele. 

RECTOSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

RECTO-U'TERINE,  Recto-vteri'mis,  from  rec- 
tum,  and  uterus.  Appertaining,  or  relating,  to 
the  rectum  and  uterus. 

Recto-uterine  Folds,  see  Uterus. 

RECTO-VAG"INAL,  Recto-vagina'lis.  That 
which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  rectum  and 
vagina. 

Recto-vaginal  Fistula  is  owing  to'a  preter- 
natural communication  between  the  rectum  and 
vagina  through  the  above  septum. 

Recto-vaginal  Septum,  (F.)  Cloison  recfo- 
vaginale,  is  formed  by  the  junction  —  back  to 
back  —  (or  by  what  the  French  term  adossement) 
of  the  rectum  and  vagina.  It  separates  these 
two  canals  from  each  other. 

RECTO-VES'ICAL,  Reeto-vesica'lis.  Having 
relation  to  the  rectum  and  bladder;  as  the  "rec- 
to-vesical  fold  or  pouch"  of  the  peritoneum,  be- 
tween the  rectum  and  bladder.  See  Urinary 
Bladder. 

RECTUM,  from  rectus,  so  called  from  a  notion 
that  it  is  straight.  It  is  not  so.  Intesti'num 
Rectum,  Apeuthys' menos,  Euthyen'teron,  Longaon, 
Longas,  Longanon,  Archos,  Gys'saros,  Priiiceps, 
Monoco'lon  [?],  Bum-gut,  (Prov.)  Jot-gut.  The 
third  and  last  portion  of  the  great  intestine.  It 
forms  the  continuation  of  the  sigmoid  flexure  of 
the  colon,  occupies  the  posterior  part  of  the  pel- 
vis, and  extends  from  the  left  side  of  the  sacro- 
vertebral  articulation  to  the  coccyx,  before  which 
it  opens  outwards  by  the  orifice  called  the  anus. 
It  is  cylindrical,  but  saccated,  as  it  were,  at  its 
inferior  portion,  where  it  is  consequently  larger, 
and  is  attached  to  the  sacrum  by  the  mesorectum. 


RECTUS 


791 


RECURRENT 


Like  the  other  portions  of  the  canal  it  is  formed 
i)f  three  membranes.  Towards  the  lower  extre- 
mity, some  parallel  and  longitudinal  wrinkles  are 
observable  on  its  inner  surface :  these  are  the 
Oiilitmiis,  Cohtm'iicE  ear'necB  of  the  Rectum  or  of 
MorgiKjni,  (F.)  Colonnes  dn  rectum  ou  de  Mor- 
yagiii.  They  are  merely  folds  of  the  mucous 
membrane,  between  which  is  a  number  of  LacnnoB. 
The  arteries  of  the  rectum  are  numerous.  They 
proceed  from  the  inferior  mesenteric,  hypogastric, 
and  internal  pudic,  and  are  called  hemorrhoidid. 
The  veins  open,  partly  into  the  hypogastric  vein, 
partly  into  the  inferior  mesenteric.  The  nerves 
proceed  from  the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plex- 
uses. The  rectum  receives  the  feecal  matters,  as 
they  pass  from  the  colon,  which  serves  as  a  re- 
servoir for  them. 

RECTUS,  'straight.'  (F.)  Dvoit.  A  term, 
used  in  anatomy  for  parts  that  pursue  a  straight 
course  ;  — as 

Rectus  Abdom'inis,  (F.)  PuMo- sternal.  Sterno- 
pubteii  (Ch.),  Droit  de  I'uhdomen.  A  long  flat 
muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdo- 
men, and  separated  from  that  of  the  opposite  side 
by  the  linea  alba.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
cartilages  of  the  last  three  true  ribs;  and,  below, 
to  the  pubis  by  a  very  strong  tendon,  the  outer 
edge  of  which  is  continuous  with  the  fascia  trans- 
versalis.  This  muscle  is  enclosed  in  an  aponeu- 
rotic sheath  ;  and,  in  its  course,  has  three  or  four 
transverse  aponeurotic  intersections.  It  bends 
the  chest  on  the  pelvis,  and  conversely. 

Rectus  Anterior  Buevis,  Rectus  capitis  in- 
ternus  minor  —  r.  Anterior  longus,  R.  capitis  in- 
ternus  major  —  r.  Capitis  antieus  longus,  R.  c. 
internus  major. 

Rectus  Capitis  Internus  Major,  E.  internus 
ma'or  seu  anterior  longus  seu  crqyitis  anti'cus 
longus,  {¥.)  TracTielo-basilaire,  Grand  droit  an- 
terieur  de  hi  tete.  This  muscle  is  long  in  propor- 
tion to  its  breadth,  flat,  and  broader  abov-e  than 
below.  It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  lateral 
part  of  the  neck,  and  arises  from  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  third,  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth 
cervical  vertebrae.  It  is  inserted  into  the  basilary 
process  of  the  occipital  bone. 

Rectus  Capitis  Internus  Minor,  R.  internus 
minor  seu  anterior  brevis,  Ren'uens,  An'nuens, 
(F.)  Petit  trachelo-basilaire.  Petit  droit  anterieur 
de  la  tete.  This  is  situate  deeper  than  the  last. 
It  is  thin,  flattened,  irregularly  quadrilateral, 
and  passes  from  the  anterior  surfoce  of  the  body 
of  the  first  vertebra,  neir  the  origin  of  the  trans- 
verse process,  to  be  inserted  into  the  basilary 
process. 

Rectus  Capitis  Latera'lts,  R.  lateralis  seu 
laiera'lis  Fallo'pii,  Tra.nsversa'lis  anti'cus  pri- 
mus, (F.)  Trachelo-atloido-basilaire,  Atlo'ido- 
sous-oecipital  (Ch.),  Droit  lateral  de  la  tete. 
There  is  a  muscle  of  this  name  on  each  side  of 
the  head.  It  is  flat,  quadrilateral,  and  passes 
from  the  transverse  process  of  the  atlas  to  the 
occiput,  behind  the  jugular  fossa.  It  inclines  the 
head  to  one  side. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posti'cus  Major,  R.  Major 
seu  Capitis  posti'cus  minor  (Albinus),  Spini-ax- 
o'ido-oceipita'lis,  (F.)  Axo'ido-occipitale  (Ch.), 
Grand  droit  posterieur  de  la  tete.  A  flat,  trian- 
gular muscle,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  superior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  extends  from  the  spinous 
process  of  the  second  cervical  vertebra  to  the 
external  surface  of  the  lower  semicircular  ridge 
of  the  occipital  bone.  This  muscle  extends  the 
head,  inclines  it  to  one  side,  and  causes  it  to  ex- 
perience a  rotary  motion,  which  directs  the  face 
to  its  side. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posti'cus  Minor,  R.  minor, 
(F.)  Tuher-atloido-occipital,  Atloldo-occipital 
(^Ch.),  Petit  droit  posterieur  de  la  tite.     A  flat, 


triangular  muscle,  situate  beneath  the  last,  which 
passes  from  the  posterior  arch  of  the  atlas  to  the 
occipital  bone.     It  extends  the  head. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posticus  Minor,  R.  c.  p. 
major  —  r.  Cruris,  R.  femoris. 

Rectus  Externus  Oc'uli,  Abductor  oeuli,  Tn- 
dignabun'dus,  Indignato'rius,  Iracun'dus,  Oc'u- 
lum  movens  sevun'dus,  Orbito-extus-scleroticien. 
All  the  recti  muscles  of  the  eye,  four  in  number, 
arise  from  the  bottom  of  the  orbit,  and  are  in- 
serted into  the  sclerotic  coat  of  the  eye.  The 
Rectus  externus,  (F.)  Droit  externe,  Irascible  ou 
Abducteur,  is  divided,  at  its  posterior  extremitj', 
into  two  portions,  one  of  which  is  attached  to  the 
outer  part  of  the  foramen  opticum,  and  the  other 
to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Rectus  Fem'oris,  Rectus  seu  Grac"ilis  ante- 
rior seu  cruris,  (F. )  Mio-rotulien,  Droit  ante- 
rieur de  la  ouisse.  A  straight  muscle,  seated  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  extends  from 
the  anterior  and  inferior  spine  of  the  ilium  and 
the  cotyloid  cavity  of  the  patella.  This  muscle 
extends  the  leg  upon  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 
It  can,  also,  bend  the  thigh  upon  the  pelvis  or 
carry  the  pelvis  forward. 

Rectus  Inferior  Oculi,  Depres'sor  oculi,  Tim'- 
idus,  Dep'rimens,  Hu'milis,  Oc'ulum  movens  quar- 
tiis,  (F.)  Sous-optico-spheno-scleroticien,  Droit  in- 
ferieur  ou  abaisseur  de  I'ceil,  31uscle  humble, 
arises  below  the  optic  foramen,  from  the  sphenoid 
bone.     It  depresses  the  eye. 

Rectus  Internus  Oc'uli,  Addu'cens  ocidi,  Bi- 
bito'rins,  Oculi  adductor,  Oculum  movens  primus, 
(F.)  Orbito-intus-scleroticien,  Droit  interne  de 
I'ceil  ou  adducteur  ou  buveur.  It  arises  from  the 
sphenoid  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  foramen  opti- 
cum.    It  turns  the  eye  towards  the  nose. 

Rectus  Superior  Oculi,  Attol'lens  oculi  seu 
oc'ulum,  Leva'tor  seu  Eleva'tor  oculi,  Superbus, 
Oculum  movens  tertius,  (F.)  Sus-op>tico-splieno- 
scleroticien.  Droit  superieur  ou  Elevateur  de  I'oeil, 
Dedaiyneux,  is  attached  to  the  circumference  of 
the  foramen  opticum. 

All  the  recti  muscles  are  concerned  in  the 
voluntary  motions  of  the  eye.  The  oblique  mus- 
cles have  been  supposed  by  Sir  C.  Bell  to  execute 
the  involuntary.[?] 

Rectus  Inferior  Femoris,  Gracilis  —  r.  In- 
ternus major,  R.  capitis  internus  major  —  r.  In- 
ternus minor,  R.  capitis  internus  minor — r.  La- 
teralis, R.  capitis  lateralis  —  r.  Lateralis  Fallopii, 
R.  capitis  lateralis  —  r.  Major,  R.  capitis  posticus 
major — -r.  Minor,  R.  capitis  posticus  minor. 
RECUBITORIUM,  Anaclinterium. 
RECUPERATION,  Restauratio. 
RECU'PERATIVE,  i?ecK'^era<o?-2/,  from  recn- 
peratio,  'recovery.'     Restorative.      Recovering. 
Belonging  to  recovery. 

RECUR'REXT,  Recur'rens,  from  recurrere, 
(re,  and  currere),  'to  run  back.'  A  name  given 
to  several  arterial  and  nervous  branches,  which 
seem  to  re-ascend  towards  the  origin  of  the  trunk 
whence  they  emanate. 

Recurrent  Arteries.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  several  arteries  of  the  forearm,  and  to 
one  of  the  leg.  In  the  forearm,  there  are,  1.  The 
Radial  recurrent,  Artere  recurrente  de  I'epicon- 
dt/le  (Ch.),  which  arises  from  the  superior  part 
of  the  radial,  and  ascends  between  the  supinator 
longus,  s.  brevis,  and  the  braohialis  internus.  2. 
The  anterior  cubital  recurrent,  A.  ricurrente  de 
I'epitrochlee  (Ch.),  which  arises  from  the  upper 
and  inner  part  of  the  cubital,  and  ascends  be- 
tween the  pronator  teres  and  brachialis  internus. 
.3.  The  p)'>sterior  cubital  recurrent,  which  arises 
from  the  preceding  artery,  or  from  the  cubital 
itself,  and  ascends  between  the  olecranon  and  in- 
ternal tuberosity  of  the  humerus.  4.  The  poste- 
rior radial  recurrent,  A.  recurrente  olecranienne 


KECURVATIO 


792 


REGURGITATION 


(Ch.).  It  arises  from  the  posterior  interosseous, 
and  ascends  between  the  posterior  cubital  and 
anconeus  muscles.  In  the  leg,  —  the  Arteria  re- 
currens  tihia'lis,  A.  rScurrente  du  genou  (Ch.),  is 
furnished  by  the  anterior  tibial,  and  ascends  to 
the  tibialis  anticus  muscle. 

Recurrent  Bandages  are  formed  by  convo- 
lutions of  bandages,  which  make  a  kind  of  cap  for 
the  part — as  the  head — to  which  they  are  applied. 
KECURVATIO,  see  Hump. 
RECUTITUS,  Apella. 
REDBEAN,  Abrus  precatorius. 
REDBERRY,    Arbutus  uva   ursi,  Gaultheria, 
Panax  quinquefolium — r.  Bitter,  Cornus  Florida 
—  r.  Swamp,  Vaccinium  oxycoceos. 
REDGOWN,  Strophulus. 
RED  HEAD,  Asclepias  Curassavica. 
REDBIAILKES,  Papaver  rhoeas, 
REDROD,  Cornus  sericea. 
RED  ROOT,  Celastrus,  Lachnanthes  tinctoria, 
Sanguinaria  Canadensis. 

REDSHANKS,  Polygonum  persicaria. 
RED  WATER  TREE,  see  Sassy  Bark. 
REDIMICULUM,  Diadema. 
EEDINOOTES  ANGLAISES,  see  Condom. 
REDINTEGRATIO,    Regeneration,    Restau- 
ratio. 

REDIVIA,  Paronychia. 
MEDONDANCE,  Plethora. 
REDOUBLE3TENT,^xa.ceTh&iion,V&roxjsva. 
REDRESSEUR    UTERIN,    Pessary,   intra- 
uterine. 

REDS,  Menses. 

REDUCTIO,  Reduction,  Taxis  — r.  Prajputii 
Impedita,  Phimosis. 

REDUCTION,  Rediic'tio,  Reposit"io,  Resti- 
tu'tio,  Eiap'laiis,  DiaiAas'mus,  Syntax'is,  from 
reducere,  reductum,  (re,  and  ducere,  ductxim,  '  to 
lead,')  '  to  bring  back.'  A  surgical  operation,  the 
object  of  which  is  to  restore  displaced  parts  to 
their  original  situation.  Thus,  we  say  the  reduc- 
tion of  a  luxation,  when  the  displaced  parts  are 
again  brought  to  their  proper  relative  situation. 
The  reduction  of  a  hernia  is  the  restoration  of  the 
protruded  parts  to  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 
This  is,  also,  called  Taxis. 

In  pharmacy,  the  process  of  restoring  oxides, 
chlorides,  sulphurets,  <fcc.,  to  the  metallic  state. 
REDUNDANTIA,  Plethora. 
REDUVIA,  Paronychia. 
REED  MACE,  Typha  latifolia. 
REFECTIO,  Restauratio. 
REFECTIVA,  Analeptica. 
REFECTUS.  Restauratio. 
REFICIENTIA,  Analeptica. 
REFLECTION,  Reflex'io,  {re,  and  flecto,  flee- 
turn,  'to  bend.')     A   bending   or  turning   back. 
Duplioature. 

REFLECTOR  EPIGLOT'TIDIS.  A  muscle, 
which  arises  from  the  arytenoid  cartilage  and  in- 
ner part  of  the  thyroid,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
lateral  edges  of  the  epiglottis. 

REFLEX  MOVEMENTS,  see  Motion— r.  Sys- 
tem of  nerves,  see  Excito-motory,  and  Nerves. 

REFLEXIO,  Reflection— r.  Palpebrarum,  Ec- 
tropion. 

REFORME,  Invaliding. 

REFRACTION,  Refrae'tio,  PJwfoeamp'su, 
Bia'clasis,  from  re,  and  frangere,  fractum,  '  to 
break.'  The  change  of  direction  which  rays  of 
light  experience  when  they  pass  obliquely  from 
one  medium  into  another  of  different  density.  If 
the  light  passes  from  a  rarer  to  a  denser  medium, 
it  approncbes  the  perpendicular  raised  at  the 
point  of  immersion.  The  contrary  occurs,  when 
it  goes  from  a  denser  to  a  rarer  medium.  The 
theory  of  lenses,  telescopes,  and  of  the  eye,  rests 
entirely  on  this  property  of  light. 


REFRIGERANT,  see  Alembic. 

REFRIG"ERANTS,  Refrigernn'tia,  Psych'ti- 
ea,  Antither'wa,  Friyefacien'tia,  (F.)  RafratcMs- 
sants,  Refngerntifs,  Eesalterants,  from  re,  and 
frigere,  '  to  cool.'  Medicines  which  depress  the 
morbid  temperature  of  the  body.  The  chief  re- 
puted refrigerants  are  the  Potassae  Nitras  [?],  the 
Sodae  Boras  [?],  but  chiefly  the  abstraction  of 
caloric  by  ice  and  ice-drinks,  cold  water,  cold 
lemonades,  soda-water,  and  effervescing  draughts 
internally  ;  and  externally,  cool  air,  cold  water, 
evaporating  lotions,  and  frigorific  mixtures. 

REFRIGERATIFS,  Refrigerants. 

REFRIGERATOR,  see  Alembic. 

REGENERATIO,  Reproduction. 

REGENERA'TION,  Regenera'tto,  Palingen'- 
esis,  Redintegra'tio,  from  re,  and  generare,  gene- 
ratiim,  '  to  beget.'  Reproduction  of  a  part  of  the 
body,  which  has  been  destroyed. 

REG"IMEN,  (F.)  Regime,  from  regere,  'to 
govern.'  The  rational  and  methodical  use  of 
food,  and  of  everything  essential  to  life;  both  in 
a  state  of  health  and  disease.  It  is  often  restricted, 
in  its  meaning,  to  Diet.  It  is  sometimes  used 
synonymously  with  hygiene. 

REGIME  SANITAIRE  and  SYSTEMS 
SANITAIRE,  mean  the  measures  and  regula- 
tions adopted  to  prevent  the  development  and 
propagation  of  diseases  reputed  to  be  pestilential, 
—  especially  plague,  yellow  fever,  and  cholera. 

REGINA  PRATI,  Spireea  ulmaria. 

REGIO,  Region. 

Regio  Auricolaris.     The  region  of  the  ear. 

Regio  Bucca'lis.     The  region  of  the  cheek. 

PvEGio  Cardiaca,  Epigastric  region. 

Regio  Cervica'lis.  The  region  of  the  neck. 
The  cervical  region. 

Regio  Epigastrica,  Epigastrium. 

Regio  Facia'lis.     The  facial  region. 

Regio  Frontalis.     The  frontal  region. 

Regio  Gastrica,  Umbilical  region  —  r.  Hypo- 
gastrica,  see  Hypogastrium — r.  Hypochondriaca, 
Hypochondre  —  r.  Iliaca,  Iliac  region  — r.  Ingui- 
nalis.  Inguinal  region — r.  Ischiadica,  Ischiadic 
region  —  r.  Jugalis,  Jugal  region  —  r.  Lumbalis, 
Lumbi — r.  Mentalis,  Mental  region — r.  Mesogas- 
trioa,  Umbilical  region — r.  Nasalis,  Nasal  region 
— r.  Nuchfe,  Nuchal  region — r.  Nuchalis,  Nuchal 
region — r.  Occipitalis,  Occiput — r.  Occipitalis  in- 
ferior. Nuchal  region — r.  Perinsei,  Perineeum  — 
r.  Prsecordiaea,  PraBcordial  region — r.  Pubis, 
Pubic  region — r.  Stomachalis,  Epigastric  region 
— r.  Stomachica,  Epigastric  region — r.  Tempora- 
lis, Temple  —  r.  Umbilicalis,  Umbilical  region. 

RE'GION,  i?e'^?o.  Same  etymon.  Anatomists 
have  called  regions,  determinate  spaces  on  the 
surface  of  the  body  or  of  different  organs.  Thus, 
the  abdomen  has  been  divided  into  several;  to 
which  different  names  have  been  given.  See 
Abdomen,  Epigastrium,  Hypochondrium,  Hypo- 
gastrium. 

REGION  03IBILI0ALE,  Umbilical  region. 

REGIONAL  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

REGLES,  Menses  —  r.  Devies,  Menstruation, 
vicarious  —  r.  Diffidles,  Dysmenorrhoea. 

REGLISSE,  Glycyrrhiza. 

REGNE  ANIMAL,  see  Animal. 

REG'ULAR,  Regida'ris,  from  regida,  (regere, 
'to  govern,')  'a  rule.'  According  to  rule.  Ap- 
plied to  the  types  of  a  disease,  and  to  the  pulse, 
when  according  to  rule. 

Regular  Practit"ioner.  One  who  practises 
his  profession  according  to  the  rules  established 
by  law  or  custom. 

REGULUS  ANTIMONII,  Antimonium. 

REGURGITATION,  Regurgita'tio.  The  act 
by  which  a  canal  or  reservoir  throws  back  sub- 


Kl^iF 


93 


REMORA 


stances  aocumulated  in  it.  Jfitml  regurgitathui, 
fur  example,  means  the  reflux  of  blood  through 
the  left  auriculo-ventricular  opening,  during  the 
contraction  of  the  left  ventricle.  Regnrgitation 
is  also  applied  to  the  puking  or  poxsetting  of 
infants  ;  and  to  the  rising  of  solids  or  fluids  into 
the  mouth  in  the  adult, — from  re,  and  gorge, 
(giD-ges),  'the  throat.'  (¥.)  Rapport.  AVhat  is 
called  "  vomiting  at  pleasure"  is  regurgitation. 

The  substances  brought  into  the  mouth  by  re- 
gurgitation, the  French  call  Renvois. 
REIF,  Psora. 
REIN,  Kidney. 

REINE  DES  PRES,  Spiraja  ulmaria. 
REINERZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Rein- 
erz  is  a  small  town  in  Silesia,  three  German  miles 
from  Glatz.  The  waters  are  acidulous  chaly- 
beates.  The  principal  springs  are  the  tepid 
drinking  spring,  the  cold  spring,  and  three  bath- 
ing springs. 

RBINFORCE'MENT,  FASCICULUS  OF,  F. 
Ciinea'tus.  A  band  of  fibres  from  the  corpus  in- 
noiniiHitnm,  or  lateral  part  of  the  antero-lateral 
colujim  of  the  medulla,  which  is  continued  up 
behind  and  around  the  corpus  olivare,  is  lined  on 
its  inner  or  central  surface  with  cineritious  sub- 
stance, enlarges  as  it  ascends,  passes  over  the 
upper  surface  of  the  pons  Varolii,  and  is  expanded 
into  the  optic  thalamus.  It  thus  forms,  in  its 
course,  the  anterior  paries  of  the  fourth  ventricle, 
and  is  brought  into  view  by  brushing  away  the 
tuberculum  cinereum  or  gray  matter  of  the  ven- 
tricle. The  band  has  received  these  names  owing 
to  its  constantly  increasing  as  it  ascends,  and  be- 
ing mixed  up  with  gray  matter  on  its  inner  face, 
from  which  its  seems  to  derive  new  fibres. 
REINS,  Kidneys,  Lumbi. 

REJEC'TIO,  Anago'ge,  from  rejicere,  rejectnm, 
{re,  and jacere,  'to  cast,')  'to  cast  baclt.'  Every 
excretion  by  the  mouth, — spitting,  expectoration, 
regurgitation,  or  vomiting. 

Rejectio  Sangdinis  e  Polmonibus,  Haemo- 
ptysis. 

REJUVENES'CENCE,  Rynvenescen'tia,  from 
re,  'again,'  and  juveneseens,  'growing    young:' 
{juvenis,  'a  youth'.)     A  renewal  of  j'outh.     The 
state  of  being  young  again.     The  assumption  of 
the  characteristics  of  youth  by  the  aged. 
RELACHANT,  Relaxant. 
RELACHEMENT,  Relaxation. 
RELAPSE,  Hypnt'rope,   Epis'tropJi.e,   Hypos'- 
trophe,   Morhi    reeidi'va,   Hypotrnpias'mns,    from 
re,  '  again,'  and  labor,  lapsus,  '  I  fall  down.'     The 
return  of  a  disease,  during,  or  shortly  after,  con- 
valescence.     The  French   use    Rcchute    in    this 
sense;  and  Recidive  {Jforbus  recidi'vus)  for  the 
return  of  a  complaint,  at  a  greater  or  less  period 
after  the  complete  recovery  of  health. 

The  terms  Relapsing  fever,  Short  fever.  Five- 
day  fever,  Seven-day  fever,  Bil'ious  Remitt'ent 
fever,  Remitting  Ic'teric  fever,  and  3Iild  Yellow 
fever,  (F.)  Fievre  d  rechute,  have  been  given  to  a 
form  of  continued  fever,  which  has  occasionally 
appeared  epidemically,  as  in  Eilinburgh,  in  1S43 
and  1847,  and  was  generally  attended  with 
icteric  symptoms.  The  main  phenomena  disap- 
peared at  about  the  end  of  a  week ;  but  in  many 
cases  a  relapse  occurred  about  the  end  of  a  fort- 
night. Few  died  of  the  affection. 
RELAPSING  FEVER,  see  Relapse. 
RELATIO,  Rapport. 

RELATION,  FUNCTIONS  OF,  see  Function. 

RELAX'ANT,  Laxans,   Jlfnlact'icnm,  Chains'- 

licuin,  PiZTi-t'icuin,  (F.)   Reldchant,   from  re,   and 

laxare,  'to  loosen.'  A  medicine  which  diminishes 


the  tension  of  organs.     Mucilaginous  andfatty 
substances  are  relaxants. 

RELAXANTIA,  Emollients. 

RELAXATIO  CORDIS  ET  ARTERIARUM, 
Diastole. 

RELAXA'TION,  Relaxa'tio.  Same  etymon. 
Chala'sis,  Chalas'mos,  (F)  Reldohement.  In  Phy- 
siology, relaxation  is  opposed  to  contraction.  In 
Pathology,  it  means  great  looseness  of  a  part. 

RELEVE-PAUPIERE.  An  instrument  for 
raising  the  eyelid. 

RELEVEUR  BE  L'ANUS,  Levator  ani  — 
r.  de  la  Levre  inferieure,  Levator  labii  inferioria 
—  r.  du  Menton,  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  r.  de 
VOmoplate,  Levator  scapulae — r.  de  la  Prostate, 
Levator  prostatas  — r.  de  I'Urelhre,  Levator  ure- 
thra;. 

RELIG"IOUS  DISEASES,  (F.)  3faladies  re- 
ligienses.  Diseases  affecting  the  nervous  system, 
and  arising  from  the  excitment  of  religious  emo- 
tions.    See  Cotivulsionnaire. 

RELIQUAT,  (F.)  The  remnant  or  remains 
of  a  disease. 

REMAK  FIBRES,  see  Fibres,  Remak. 

REMANSIO  MENSIUM,  Amenorrhoja. 

REMEDE,  Clyster,  Medicament— r.  du  Ca- 
puchin, Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici — r.  de  Durande, 
Liquor  anodynus  terebinthinatus  —  r.  du  Due 
d'Antin,  Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici. 

REMEDIAL,  MedicinaL 

REMEDIATE,  MedicinaL 

REMEDILESS,  Incurable. 

REMEDIUM,  Juvans,  Medicament  — r.  Den- 
tifriciura.  Dentifrice. 

REMEDY,  Medicament— r.  English,  Cincbona. 

REMISSIO,  Decline,  Remission  — r.  Cordis  et 
Arteriarum,  Diastole  —  r.  Morbi,  Remission — r. 
Virium,  Atony. 

REMIS'SION,  Remis'sio,  Epan'esis,  An'esis, 
Submis'sio,  Aph'esis,  En'dosis,  Mcio'sis,  from  re- 
mittere,  (re,  and  mitlere,  niissum,  '  to  send'), 
'  to  relax.'  In  a  more  extensive  signification,  a 
temporary  diminution  of  the  symptoms  of  a  dis- 
ease, either  acute  or  chronic,  Remis'sio  morbi. 
Diminution  in  the  febrile  symptoms,  such  as 
occurs  in  a  remittent  fever  between  the  exacer- 
bations. 

REMETTC,  Medicament, 

REMITTENS  ICTERODES,  Fever,  yellow. 

REMIT'TENT,  Remit'tens.  Same  etymon. 
Any  disease  which  presents  remissions. 

Remittent  op  Children,  Fever,  infantile  re- 
mittent. 

Remittent  Fever,  Febris  remit'tens,  Epan'e- 
tus,  Exac"erbating,  paroxysmal,  sub-continual, 
endem'ic,  endem'ial  or  endem'ical  fever,  (P.)  Fie- 
vre remittente,  is  one  which  strikingly  exacerbates 
and  remits,  but  "without  intermission.  The  ordi- 
nary bilious  fever  of  the  United  States  is  a  simple 
remittent — Epanetus  mitis,  (F.)  Fievre  remittente 
simple. 

Remittent  Fever,  Bilious,  Remittent  fever, 
see  Relapse. 

Remitting  Icteric  Fever,  see  Relapse. 

REM'ORA,  from  remorari,  {re,  and  mora,  'de- 
lay,) 'to  arrest.'  Stoppage,  stagnation,  —  as  of 
blood.  Also,  the  name  of  two  surgical  instru- 
ments, intended  to  retain  parts  in  situ.  The 
one  was  used,  formerly,  in  castration,  to  prevent 
the  intestines  from  protruding  at  the  inguinal 
ring;  the  other,  called  Rcmora  HiUla'ni,  (F.) 
Arrit  d'Hildan,  Echene'is,  was  emplo^-ed  to 
maintain  fractures  and  luxations  reduced.  It  is 
not  now  used. 


REN 


94 


REPRODUCTION 


Remora  Aratri,  Ononis  spinosa. 
REN,  Kidney. 

RENAL,  Rena'lis,  from  Ren,  'the  kidney.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  kidney. 

Renal  Arteries,  EmMlg"ent  Arteries,  are  very 
laro-e  and  short,  and  commonly  two  in  number — - 
one  to  eanh  kidney.  They  arise  from  the  sides 
of  the  abdominal  aorta,  forming  with  it  a  right 
angle.  The  left  is  commonly  a  little  more  ante- 
rior and  elevated  than  the  right.  After  a  short 
course,  they  arrive  at  the  fissure  of  the  kidney, 
where  they  divide,  before  entering  it,  into  three 
or  four  very  considerable  branches. 

Renal  Capsule,  Capsule,  renal — r.  Nerve,  see 
Splanchnic  Nerves. 

Renal  Plex'uses,  Emnlg"ent  Plexuses.  These 
are  two  : — one  on  each  side.  They  proceed  from 
fasciculi  of  the  solar  and  coeliac  plexuses;  from 
the  outer  side  of  the  semilunar  ganglion  and  the 
final  expansion  of  the  small  splanchnic  nerves. 
These  plexuses  begin  by  three  or  four  ganglions, 
situate  at  the  commencement  of  the  renal  arterj- ; 
and  they  give  off  from  their  circumference  many 
fine,  straight  filaments,  which  do  not  anastomose, 
and  which  enter  the  kidney  with  the  divisions 
of  the  renal  artery.  These  divisions  they  ac- 
company. 

Renal  Veins,  Emidgent  Veins.  These  are 
very  large.  Their  roots  follow  the  same  course 
as  the  arteries  in  the  substance  of  the  kidney. 
In  the  fissure  or  pelvic  portion  of  the  kidney, 
they  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  which  passes 
transversely  inwards,  and  opens  at  the  side  of  the 
vena  cava  descendens. 

RENCHUS,  Snoring,  Stertor. 
REN'CULUS,  Renie'iilus,  Ren'ulus,  diminutive 
of  Ren,  'a  kidney.'    A  small  kidney.     A  lobe  of 
the  kidney. 

RENDLES,  Rennet. 

RENEAL'MIA  EXALTA'TA,  Alphi'ia  e.ral- 
tn'fa  seu  tnbula'ia.  A  plant  of  British  Guiana, 
which  is  possessed  of  diaphoretic  and  diuretic 
properties  ;  and,  in  large  doses,  is  emetic.  It  is 
much  used  there  in  dropsy,  rheumatism,  dysen- 
tery, &c.  The  bruised  rhizoma  is  the  part  em- 
ployed. 

RENES  SUCCENTURIATI,  Capsules,  renal. 
RENICULUS,  Renculus. 
RENIFORM,  Nephroid. 

RENNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ther- 
mal salines  in  the  department  of  Aube,  France, 
containing  carbonic  acid  and  chloride  of  magne- 
sium.    Temperature  103  to  121°,  of  Fahr. 

RENNET,  Runnet,  Co'dg'ulum,  nvna,  nverta, 
Pytia,  Pyet'ia,  from  (G.)  gerinnen,  'to  coagu- 
late' [?],  (P.)  Caille-lait.  When  the  fourth  sto- 
mach or  Ahomasus  of  the  calf  is  salted  and  dried, 
it  possesses  the  property  of  coagulating  milk, 
when  a  portion  of  it  is  soaked  in  water,  and  the 
infusion — Rennet,  Rendles,  Ronning,  (Prov.) 
Earning,  Preaser,  Read,  Running,  Steep  —  is 
added  to  milk. 

Rennet  Whey,  see  Serum  lactis. 
RENONCULE,  Ranunculus— r.  Bulheuse,  Ra- 
nunculus bulbosus. 

RENO  UEE,  Polygonum  avieulare  —  r.  Acre, 
Polygonum  hydropiper. 


RENO  UEUR,  (F.)  Rehoutew;  RhahiUeur,  from 
re,  and  notier,  {nodus,  'a  knot,')  'to  tie  or  knit 
again.'  A  bone-doctor:  —  a  hone-setter.  One 
who  makes  a  trade  of  reducing  fractures  and 
dislocations. 

RENOVATIO,  Ananeosis. 
RENSSELAERIa    7IRGINICA,    Peltandra 
Virginica. 

RENUENS,  Rectus  capitis  internus  minor. 
RENULUS,  Renculus. 

RENUM  ATONIA,  Nephratonia  — r.  Paraly- 
sis, Nephratonia. 

RENUNCIATIO,  Rapport. 
RENVERSEMENT  BE  LA  LANGUE,  Pa- 
raglossa  —  r.  de  la  3fatrice,  Uterus,  inversion   of 
the — r.  des  Paupieres,  Ectropion — r.  dii  Rectwn, 
Proctocele — r.  de  la  Vessie,  Exocyste,  Exstrophia 
of  the  bladder. 
RENVOIS,  see  Regurgitation, 
REPANDATIO,  Lordosis. 
REPARATION,  Restauratio. 
REPAR'ATIVE,    Repar'atory.      Having    the 
power  of  restoring  or  repairing. 
REPELLENTIA,  Repellents. 
REPEL'LENTS,  Repellen'tia.  Repercntien'tin, 
Apocrns'tica,    Repercus'sives,    (F.)    Repercussifs, 
from  re,  and  pellere,  '  to  drive.'    Medicines  which, 
when  applied  to  a  tumefied  part,  cause  the  fluids, 
that  render  it  tumid,  to  recede,  as  it  were,  from 
it.     Astringents,  cold  water,  ice,  &c.,  are  repel- 
lents. 

REPERCUSSIFS,  Repellents. 
REPERCUSSIO,  Contra-fissura,  Repercussion. 
REPERCUS'SION,    Repercus'sio,    An<ic'la.sis, 
from  re,  nnd  percntio,  jtercwssum ,  {per,  and  qiintere, 
'to  shake    or  batter,')  'I   strike  back.'     Disap- 
pearance of  a  tumour  or  cutaneous  eruption,  in 
consequence   of   the  application    of   a  repellent. 
The  action  of  a  repellent  remedy.     The  French 
writers  use  the  term  Delitescence,  Eelitescen'tia, 
for  the  sudden   disappearance    of  a  tumour,  in- 
flammation, eruptive  disease,  or  purulent  collec- 
tion, without  the  disease  occurring  in  any  other 
part  of   the  body:    in   this  respect  delitescence 
differs  from  metastasis  :  Delitescence  of  an  inflam- 
mation or  '  sudden  disappearance'  is  distinguished 
by  certain  French  pathologists  from  Resolutioiu 
Pucpercussion  also  means  Ballottement. 
REPERCUSSIVES,  Repellents. 
REPERCUTIENTIA,  Repellents. 
REPLETION,  Fulness,  Plethora. 
REP  LI   LONGITUDINAL    DE   LA    ME- 
NINGE.  Falx  cerebri. 

REPOSITIO,  Anaplasis,  Reduction,  Taxis. 
REPOUSSOIR,  Punch— r.  d' Aretes,  Probang. 
REPRIMENS,  Epischeticus. 
REPRODUCTION,   Repmdiic'tio,   Regenera'- 
tio,  from  re,  and  producere,  prodnctiim,  (pro,  ami 
diicere.)     The   function    by   which    living   bodies 
produce  bodies  similar  to  themselves.    See  Gene- 
ration.    As  a  general  remark,    t   tiiI  be  fcund 
true,  that  the  larger  animals  are  uniparous  ,  and 
the  smaller,  which  are  more  exposed  to  destruc- 
tion, multiparous.     The  mammalia  being  of  the 
same  natural  class  as  man,  it  may  be  useful  to 
compare  them  in  this  respect. 


REPRODUCTION 


95 


RES   CONTRA-NATURAM 


COMPARATIVE  TABLE  OF  REPRODUCTION  IN  THE  CLASS  MAMMALIA. 


Species. 


Primates. 

Man 

Monkeys  (large) 

Do.       (long  tailed) 

Carnivora. 

Bear 

Badger 

Hedgehog 

Ferret 

Otter 

Pole-cat,        J 
Marten,         f 

Weasel,  and  f 

Ermine,  ) 

DidelphiiS,         i 

Opossum,  and  ', 

Philander,         ) 

Lion 

Tiger,      ) 

Leopard  t 

Lynx 

Wild  Cat 

Wolf  

Dog,  in  the  most  ) 
natural  state,    j  *  •■* 

Fox 

Jackall 

Isatis 

Phoca  

Rodentia. 

Squirrel 

Flying  Squirrel 

Ondatra   

Beaver  

Hare 

Rabbit 

Rat 

Mouse 

Marmot 

Guinea  Pig 

Dormouse 

Edentata. 

Armadilla 

Ruminantia. 

Camel 

Dromedary 

Buffalo    ..' 

Beef 

Lama 

Reindeer 

Buck  and  Doe  

Roebuck 

Saiga  (Antelope) 

Chamois  and  VVild Goat 

Goat 

Musimon  

Sheep 

Solipedes. 

Horse 

Ass 

Zebra 

Packydermata. 

Hog   

Elephant 

Rhinoceros 

■Hippopotamus    

Morse    


Age  capable  of  en- 
gendeniis. 


14  years 
3  years 
2  years 


2  years 


1  year 
11  months 


before  1  year 


2  years 
Do. 


before  1  year 
2  years 

10  months 

1  year 


1  year 


1  year 

6  months 
Do. 
Do. 


5  to  6  weeks 
1  year 


Duration  of  gesta- 
tion. 


9  months 
7  months 
6  months 


112  days 


4  years 

Do. 
3  years 

2  years 

3  years 
2  years 
li  year 

Do. 
1  year 

Do. 

Do. 
14  year 
1  year 


2J-  years 

"Do. 

Do. 


9  months  or  1  year 
la  years  (?) 
5  years  (?) 


1  mo.  and  10  days 

Do. 

3  mouths 

56  days 


3  to  4  months 

3  months 

9  weeks 
56  days 
73  days 

63  days 

2  months 

Do. 
63  days 

3  months  (?) 

45  days 


4  months 
30  days 

Do. 

5  or  6  weeks 
1  month 
6  weeks 
3  weeks 


11  months  or  1  y'r 

Do. 

9  months 

Do. 


8  months 

Do. 
5  months 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


300  days 
Do. 
Do. 


4  months 
9  to  11  months 


9  months 


Number  of  3'oung  at       Period  of  cessation  ol 
each  birth.  the  function. 


1  to  3 


to  a ; 
Do.  V 
Do.    S 


1  to  4 
3  to  4 
3  to  5 

5  to  9  twice  a  year 
3  to  4 


4  to  6 


3  to  4 

4  to  5 

3  to  4 

4  to  6 

5  to  9 

3  to  6 

Do. 

5  to  8 

6  to  7 
2  to  3 


3  to  4  twice  a  year 

3  to  4 

3  to  5 

2  to  3 
(  2  to  4  several  ) 
[  times  a  year   ( 

4  to  8  do. 

5  to  6  do. 

Do. 

2  to  4 

5  to  8  times  a  year 

3  to  5 


4  times  a  year 


1 

1 
1 

1  to  2 

Do.' 

] 

lto2 

Do. 

Do. 
1,2,  and  3 

Do. 
1  to  2 

Do. 


1  to2 
Do. 
Do. 


10  to  20 
1  or  2 
1  or  2  (?) 

1 

1 


At   a  somewha'   ad- 
vanced age. 


25  to  30  years. 
20  to  25  years. 


Produces  during  life. 


8  to  10  years. 


10  years.  (?) 

20  to  25  years. 
Do. 

9  years. 
15  to  20  years. 

15  years. 

10  or  12  years. 


Produces  during  life 

Do. 

Lives  6  years. 

Lives  8  years. 

Lives  8  or  9  years. 
Produces  during  life. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


7  to  8  years.  (?) 


40  to  50  years. 
Do.' 

15  to  18  years. 
9  years. 

12  years. 
Lives  16  years. 
Lives  25  or  30  years. 
Lives  12  or  15  years. 
Lives  15  or  20  years. 
Lives  18  or  20  years. 

7  years. 

8  or  10  years. 
8  years. 


25  or  30  years. 
Do. 
Do. 


15  years. 
Lives  70  years,  (?) 
Lives  60  years.  (?) 


REPRODUCTION  MERISMATIQUE,  see 
G-eneration. 

REPULSORIUM,  Punch, 

REPURCtA'TIO,  Anacathar'sis,  from  re,  and 
nurgare,  'to  cleanse.'  According  to  Castelli  — 
purgation  by  transpiration  or  by  expectoration. 
Medicines  producing  this  effect  are  called  Repnr- 
gan'lia. 

REQUIER,  Acinesia. 

REQUIETIO,  Acinesia. 


RES  CONTRA-NATU'RAM.  '  Things  against 
nature,'  (F.)  Choses  contre-nature,  are  those  things 
which  tend  to  destroy  man; — as  disease,  and 
every  thing  connected  with  it. 

Res  Culinaria,  Culinary  art — r.  Mediea,  Me- 
dicina. 

Res  Natura'les,  (F.)  Choses  naturelhs.  Those 
things,  which,  by  their  union,  were  conceived  to 
constitute  the  nature  of  man  ;  such  as  the  ele- 
ments, temperaments,  humours,  spirits,  kc. 


rSsea  u 


796 


RESPIRATION 


Res  non  Natura'le?,  (F.)  CTioses  non-natu- 
relles.  Those  things  which,  anciently,  formed 
the  matter  of  hygiene.     See  Non-naturals. 

Res  Venerea,  Coition — r.  Vestiaria,  Vestitus. 

ROSEAU,  Rete,  Reticulum  —  r.  Admirable, 
Rete  mirabile — r.  Intermediare,  see  Corpus  spon- 
giosum urethrse  —  r.  Merveilleux,  Rete  mirabile. 

RESECTIO,  Resection  — r.  Articulorum,  see 
Resection. 

RESECTION,  Resec'tio,  from  resecare,  resec- 
tam,  [re,  and  seeare,) '  to  cut  ofi".'  A  name,  given, 
especially  by  the  French  surgeons,  to  operations 
in  which  the  carious  extremities  of  long  bones,  or 
the  unconsolidated  extremities  of  fractured  bones 
forming  irregular  joints,  are  removed  with  the  saw. 
— Reseetio  articido'rum,  Becapita'tio  articulo' rum. 

RESECTION,  see  Amputation. 

RESEDA  CRISPATA— r.  Luteola— r.  Lanceo- 
lata  —  r.  Luteola. 

Rese'da  Lute'ola,/?.  lanceola'ta  seu  crispa'ta, 
Lute'ola,  Weld,  Dyer's  Weed.  A  European  plant 
naturalized  in  the  United  States,  which  was  at 
one  time  used  as  a  diaphoretic  and  diuretic. 

RESERANS,  Aperient, 

RESERVE  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

RESERVOIR  DE  LA  BILE,  Gall-bladder 
—  r.  du  Chyle,  Receptaculum  chyli  —  r.  des  Lar- 
mes.  Lachrymal  sac — r.  of  Pecquet,  Receptaculum 
chyli — r.  de  Pecquet,  Receptaculum  ehyli — r.  of 
the  Thymus,  see  Thymus. 

RESIDENTIA,  Sediment. 

RESIDUAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

RESIMUS,  Camus. 

RESIN,  Resi'na,  Rheti'ne,  (F.)  Resine.  A  ve- 
getable product,  commonly  dry  and  concrete, 
more  or  less  brittle,  inodorous  or  slightly  odorous, 
insipid,  or  of  an  acrid  warm  taste;  of  a  smooth, 
glassy  fracture,  heavier  than  water,  inflammable, 
insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  and 
yolk  of  egg,  and  negatively  electrifiable  by  fric- 
tion. Many  resins  are  used  in  medicine;  the 
greater  part  are  purgative  and  irritating.  Some 
act  like  acrid  poisons. 

Resin,  Acaroid,  see  Xanthorrhoea — r.  Botany 
Bay,  see  Xanthorrhoea — r.  Cayenne,  Caoutchouc 

—  r.  of  New  Holland,  see  Xanthorrhoea  —  r.  of 
the  Spruce  fir,  see  Pinus  abies  —  r.  of  Xanthor- 
rhoea, see  Xanthorrhoea. 

RESINA,  Resin  —  r.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  abies, 
Pinus  picea — r.  Abietis  humida,  see  Pinus  abies 

—  r.  Abietis  sicca,  see  Pinus  abies — r.  Acaroides, 
see  Xanthorrhoea — r.  Alba,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — 
r.  Alba  humida,  see  Pinus  Abies — r.  Cayennensis, 
Caoutchouc — r.  Copal,  Copal — r.  Elastica,  Caout- 
chouc—  r.  Flava,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — r.  Fluida 
Canadensis,  see  Pinus  balsamea — r.  Jalapae,  Ex 
tractum  jalapas  resinosum — r.  Juniperi,  Sandarac 

—  r.  Laricis,  see  Pinus  larix  —  r.  Lentiscina,  see 
Pistachia  lentiscus  —  r.  Liquida  pini  balsameae, 
see  Pinus  balsamea  —  r.  Liquida  pini  laricis,  see 
Pinus  larix — r.  Lutea  Novi  Belgii,  see  Xanthor 
rhoea  —  r.  Nigra,  Colophonia  —  r.  Pini,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris  —  r.  Pini  empyreumatica  liquida,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris — r.  Pini  abietis  sponte  concreta, 
see  Pinus  abies — r.  Strobilina,  see  Pinus  balsamea, 
and  Pinus  mughos  —  r.  Terebinthi,  see  Pistacia 
terebinthus. 

RESINA'TUM,  Rhetino'ton.  An  epithet  for 
wine  impregnated  with  resi'n,  and  used  by  the 
ancients  as  a  stomachic. 

RESINE,  Resin  —  r.  de  Cayenne,  Caoutchouc 

—  r.  Elastique,  Caoutchouc — r.  de  Gaiac,  see 
Quaiacum — r.  Gomart,  see  Bursera  gummifera — 
r.  de  Lierre,  see  Hedera  helix. 

RESINOCE'RUM,  Rhetinoce'ron,  from  ptiTivn, 
'resin,'  and  Ktjfios,  '  wax.'  A  mixture  of  resi  i  ai.d 
wax.  —  Galen. 

RESINOSA,  in  Pharmacy,  resinous  substances. 


RESOLUTIFS,  Discutients. 
RESOLUTIO,  Resolution— r.Membrorum,  Pa- 
ralysis. 

Resolutio  Morbi.  The  resolution  or  disap- 
pearance of  a  disease ;  especially  wh-en  without 
any  critical  evacuation. 

Resolutio  et  Diabrosis  Venteiculi,  Gastro- 
malacia — r.  Nervorum,  Paralysis  —  r.  Ventriculi 
autopeptica,  Gastromalacia — r.  Virium,  Dialysis. 
RESOLU'TION,  Resohi'tio,  Biscus'sio,  from 
resolvere,  {re  and  solvere,  sohtUtm,  'to  loosen.') 
Removal  or  disappearance,  as  of  a  disease.  Re- 
solution is  one  of  the  terminations  of  inflamma- 
tion, in  which  the  inflamed  part  returns  gra- 
dually, and  without  suppuration,  to  the  healthy 
condition. 

RESOLUTION  DES  ME3IBRES,  Paralysis. 
RESOLVENTIA,  Discutients. 
RES'ONANCE,  (F.)  Retentissement,  Reson- 
nance,  Resonnement,  from  re,  'again,'  and  aono, 
*  I  sound.'  'A  return  of  sound.'  A  resounding; 
a  reverberation  of  sounds.  A  thrilling  of  the 
voice  more  loud  than  natural ;  or  its  existence  in 
a  part  where  it  is  not  heard  in  health,  —  as  de- 
tected by  auscultation.  A  thickened  and  hard- 
ened state  of  the  lungs,  caused  either  by  a  mass 
of  crude  tubercles,  or  by  inflammation,  is  gene- 
rally considered  to  produce  this  phenomenon,  by 
rendering  the  lung  a  better  conductor  of  the 
murmur  of  the  voice  in  the  bronchi.  Hence  the 
origin  of  the  term  Bronchoph'ony,  from  PpoyxoSf 
'bronchus,'  and  ttxiivr;,  'the  voice;'  (F.)  Voix 
bronchique,   Voix  tubuire,   V.  bourdonnante. 

Resonance  is  also  used  in  the  sense  of  resound- 
ing; as  when  the  chest  is  said  to  be  resonant  on 
percussion. 

Resonance,  Vesic'ulo-Tympanit'ic,  see  Vesi- 
culo-tympanitic — r.  Vibrations  of,  see  Sound. 
RESONITUS,  Contra-fissura. 
RES'ONANT,   Res'onans,   Res'onus,    (F.)   Re- 
tentissant,  Resonnant.     Resounding.     See  Reso- 
nance. 

R^SONNANCE,  Resonance. 
RES0NNE3IENT,  Resonance. 
RESORBENS,  Absorbent. 
RESORPTIO,  Absorption.  Resorption —r.  Cu- 
tanea, see  Absorption  — r.  Cutis,  see  Absorption. 
RESORP'TION,  Resorp'tio,  from  resorbere,  re- 
sorptum,  (re,  'again,'    and    sorbere.)    'to    absorb 
again.'     Absorption   of  a  fluid  which   has    been 
previously  deposited  in  a  part  by  the  exhalants, 
as  of  pus,  blood,  serum,  &c. 

RES'PIRABLE,  Respirab'ilis.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Respiration.  Capable  of  being  breathed. 
Adapted  for  respiration. 

RESPIRAMEN,  Respiration. 
RESPIRAMENTUM,  Respiration. 
RESPIRATEUR,  Respirator,  Respiratory. 
RESPIRATIO,  Respiration  —  r.  Abolita,  Ap- 
noea — r.  Brevis,  Dyspnoea — r.  DiflBcilis,  Dyspnoea 
—  r.  Stertens,  Stertor  —  r.  Stertuosa,  Stertor. 

RESPIRA'TION,  Respira'tio,  Ana2}'noe,  from 
respiro,  {re,  and  spiro,)  'I  take  breath.'  Anap- 
neu'sis,  Pneu'sis  spira'tio,  Respira' men,  Respira- 
mentnm,  Respira'tus,  Respir'itus,  Spir'iius.  A 
function  proper  to  animals,  the  object  of  which 
is,  to  place  the  materials  of  the  blood — the  mix- 
ture of  the  venous  blood  with  lymph  and  chyle — 
in  contact  with  atmospheric  air,  in  order  that  it 
may  acquire  the  vivifying  qualities  which  belong 
to  arterial  blood.  The  organs  for  executing  this 
function  are,  in  the  mammalia,  birds,  and  rep- 
tiles, the  lungs.  In  man,  the  respiration  consists 
of  mechanical  and  chymical  phenomena.  The 
mechanical  are  Inspiration  and  Expiration.  The 
evident  chymical  phenomena  consist  in  the  form- 
ation of  a  certain  quantity  of  carbonic  acid,  the 
absorption  of  a  part  of  the  oxygen  of  the  air,  and 


RESPIRATION  BRONCHIQUE       79  7 


RETENTIO 


the  disengagement  of  a  quantity  of  water  in  the 
state  of  vapour.  In  the  healthy  condition  the 
respiration  is  easy,  gentle,  regular,  and  without 
noise.  In  man,  the  respirations  are  generally 
about  35  per  minute  in  the  first  year  of  life;  25 
during  the  second;  20  at  puberty;  and  18  in  the 
adult  age. 

The  air  of  respiration  has  been  divided  into 
first,  the  residual  air,  or  that  which  cannot  be  ex- 
pelled from  the  lungs,  but  remains  after  a  full  and 
forcible  expiration,  estimated  at  120  cubic  inches: 
secondly,  the  supplementary  or  reserve  air  or  that 
which  can  be  expelled  by  a  forcible  expiration, 
after  an  ordinary  outbreathing,  valued  at  130  cu- 
bic inches  :  thirdly,  the  breath,  tidal  or  breathing 
air,  valued  at  26  cubic  inches:  nud fourthly,  the 
complementary  or  complemental  air,  or  that  which 
can  be  inhaled  after  an  ordinary  inspiration,  which 
amounts  to  100  cubic  inches.  This  estimate  gives 
250  cubic  inches  as  the  average  volume  of  air 
which  the  chest  contains  after  an  ordinary  expi- 
ration. 

RESPIRATION  BRONCHIQUE,  see  Mur- 
mur, respiratory. 

Kespiratio>?,  BRONCHO-VESic'tTLAR.  A  mor- 
bid modification  of  the  respiratory  murmur, 
having  more  or  less  of  the  characters  of  the  bron- 
chial and  the  vesicular  respiration  combined.  It 
denotes  incomplete  solidification  of  the  lung,  as 
from  the  presence  of  tubercle.  —  Flint. 

Eespiration  of  the  Cells,  Murmur,  respira- 
tory— r.  Cogged-wheel,  Respiration,  jerking  —  r. 
Entrecoupee,  Respiration,  jerking  —  r.  Exar/eree, 
see  Puerile — r.  Hypervesiculaire,  see  Puerile. 

Respiration,  Jerking,  Cogged-wheel,  or  Wavy 
respiration,  (F.)  R.  Snccadee  ou  Entrecoupee. 
When  the  murmur  of  inspiration,  in  place  of  being 
continuous,  is  interrupted  as  by  starts,  it  is  called 
'jerking.'  It  is  a  concomitant  of  incipient  pleu- 
risy, pleurodynia,  spasmodic  asthma,  and  tuber- 
culosis of  the  lung  with  corresponding  pleuritic 
adhesion.  — AValshe. 

RESPIRATION,  LUCTUEUSE,  see  Luctu- 
eux — r.  Metallic,  Tintement  metallique — r.  Nulle, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

Respiration   Proof,  Docimasia  pulinonum. 

RESPIRATION,  PUERILE,  see  Puerile  — 
r.  Rdpeuse,  see  Murmur,  respiratory  —  r.  Rude, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory — r.  Sileneieuse,  see  Mur- 
mur, respiratory  —  r.  Saccadee,  R.  jerking  —  r. 
Soufflante,  Murmur,  respiratory  —  r.  Supplemen- 
taire,  see  Puerile— r.  TuLal,  see  Murmur,  respira- 
tory—  r.  AVavy,  Respiration,  jerking. 

RESPIRATOIRE,  Respiratory. 

RESPIRA'TOR,  (F.)  Respiratenr.  Same  ety- 
mon. Various  instruments,  under  this  name, 
have  been  devised  for  the  purpose  of  tempering 
the  air  before  it  reaches  the  lungs  in  winter. 
One  of  the  best  is  that  of  Jeffrey,  which  is  made 
of  several  lavers  of  fine  wire  tissue. 

RESPIRATORIUM  VENTRIS,  Diaphragm. 

RESPIRATORIUS,  Respiratory. 

RES'PIRATORY,  Respirato'rius,  (F.)  Respi- 
rateur,  Respiraioire.  Appertaining  to  respira- 
tion. An  epithet  applied  to  the  murmur  heard  by 
auscultation  in  a  healthy  adult,  during  inspira- 
tion and  expiration.  It  marks  the  entrance  of 
the  air  into  the  cells,  and  its  passage  out  of  them. 
See  Murmur. 

Respiratory,  External,  Nerte,  see  Thoracic 
nerves. 

Respiratory  Ganglia,  see  Encephalon. 

Respiratory,  Internal,  Nerves,  Diaphrag- 
matic Nerves — r.  Nerve  of  the  face.  Facial  Nerve 
—  r.  Superior,  nerve.  Spinal  Nerve.' 

Respiratory  Tract,  Tractus  respirato'riits. 
The  middle  column  of  the  spinal  marrow,  de- 
scribed by  Sir  Charles  Bell  as  that  whence  the 
respiratory  nerves  originate.     See  Nerves. 


RESPIRATUS,  Respiration. 

RESPIRITUS,  Respiration. 

R ESSE R RE,  {VENTRE,)  Constipation. 

RESTA  BOVIS,  Ononis  spinosa. 

RESTAGNATIO,  Eructation. 

RESTAURANS,  Analeptic,  Corroborant. 

RESTAURA'TIO,  Refec'tio,  Refec'tus,  Ana- 
lep'sis,  Anatrep'sis,  Anacom'ide,  Analte' sis,  Anac- 
te'sis,  Apocotas'tasis.  Restoration  of  strength, 
after  disease  or  great  fatigue;  Epanortho'sis,  Re- 
crea'tio,  Redintegra'tio,  Restanra'tio  virium.  Re- 
turn of  the  organ.s  to  their  normal  condition, 
Recov'ery,  Recnpera'tion,  Repara'tion. 

Restadratio  Virium,  see  Restauratio. 

REST  HARROW,  Ononis  spinosa. 

RESTIFORM'IS,  from  restis,  '  a  rope,'  and  for- 
ma, '  shape.'  Shaped  like  a  rope,  as  the  '  Corpora 
restiformia.' 

Restiformis  Processus,  Coracoid. 

RESTITUTIO,  Reduction— r.  Organica,  Morio- 
plastiee — r.  Partium  deperditarum,  Morioplastice. 

RESTLESSNESS,  Agitation. 

RESTORATION,  Restauratio. 

RESTORATIVE,  Analeptic,  Corroborant. 

RESTRICTIO  INTESTINI  RECTI  seu  ANI, 
Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

RESUMPTI'VUS,  Resumpto'riiis ;  from  re, 
'again,'  and  sumere,  sumptum,  '  to  take.'  Causing 
to  resume.  Resumpti'vum.  Any  agent  calculated 
to  restore  flesh  and  strength  to  one  who  has  been 
reduced. 

RESUMPTORIUS,  Resumptivus. 

RESURRECTION-MAN,  Resurrectionist. 

RESURRECTIONIST,  Resurrection-man, 
Body  snatch er :  from  re,  and  surgere,  surrectum, 
'to  arise.'  An  individual  who  violates  the  sanc- 
tuary of  the  grave  to  obtain  subjects  for  dissec- 
tion. 

RESUSCITA'TION,  Resuscita'tio,  from  resus- 
cita're,  (re,  and  suscitare,  sursum  cilare  seu  ciere,) 
'  to  move  up,'  'to  stir  up  anew.'  Revivifica' tion. 
The  restoration  of  persons,  apparently  dead,  to 
life.     See  Asphyxia  and  Suffocation. 

RETCHING,  Vomiturition. 

RETE,  Plexus  — r.  Malpighii,  Corpus  muco- 
sum. 

Rete,  'a  net;'  {Retic'idum,  'a  small  net,') 
Dict'yon,  (F.)  Reseau.  A  name  given  to  the  in- 
terlacing and  decussation  of  blood-vessels,  lym- 
phatics, fibres,  and  nerves  when  they  form  a  kind 
of  network. 

Rete  has  also  been  applied  to  the  epiploon.  — 
Castelli. 

Rete  Majtjs,  Epiploon,  gastro-colic. 

Rete  Mirab'ile,  (F.)  Reseau  adnih-nble,  R. 
merveillenx.  A  name  given  to  the  ramifications 
and  anastomoses  of  the  internal  carotid  and  ver- 
tebral arteries  at  the  base  of  the  brain. 

Rete  Mirabile  seu  Rete  Vasculo'sum  Mal- 
pig'hii  is  the  plexus  formed  on  the  cells  of  the 
lungs  by  the  minute  ramifications  of  the  pulmo- 
nary artery. 

Rete  Mucosum,  Corpus  mucosum. 

Rete  Testis,  Rete  Vasculo'sum  Testis  seu 
Halleri.  An  irregular  plexus  or  network,  formed 
by  the  communication  of  the  Vasa  recta,  Tu'bnli 
seu  Duc'tidi  recti,  at  the  upper  and  back  part  of 
the  testicle.  These  Vasa  recta  are  sent  out  at 
the  back  part  of  the  testicle,  from  the  convoluted 
seminal  tubes.  The  Rete  Vasculosum  testis  sends 
out  from  twelve  to  eighteen  straight  tubes,  called 
Vasa  efferentia,  which  convey  the  semen  from 
the  testes  to  the  epididymus. 

RETENTIO,  Retention  — r.  Aerea,  Dyspnosa 
—  r.  Alvina,  Constipation  —  r.  Bills,  Ischocholia. 

Retentio  Fluxus  HyEMORRHo'iDALis.  Sup- 
pression of  the  haemorrhoidal  flux. 

Retentio  Fcetus,  Dystocia — r.  Lactis,  Ischoga- 
lactia — r.  Lochiorum,  Ischiolochia  —  r.  Mensium, 


RETENTION 


■98 


EETROPHARYNGEAL 


see  Anienorrlicea — r.  Spermatis,  Ischospermia  — 
r.  Sudoris,  Hydroschesis. 

RETEN'TION,  Reten'tio,  Apolep'sia,  Ajoolep'- 
sis,  from  retinere,  retentum,  (re,  and  tenere,)  '  to 
hold  back.'  Accumulation  of  a  solid  or  liquid 
substance,  in  canals  intended  for  its  excretion,  or 
in  a  reservoir,  intended  to  contain  it  for  a  short 
period. 

Retention  of  Ueixe  :  Paru'ria  Retenfio'nia 
veiiica'lls,  Ischu'ria  vesica'Ua,  Retentio  Uri'nce, 
fF.)  Retention  d'urine.  A  disease  in  which  the 
urine  accumulated  in  the  bladder  cannot  be  evac- 
uated ;  or,  at  least,  cannot  be  passed  without 
extreme  difBculty.  In  the  former  case,  the  re- 
tention is  said  to  be  complete ;  in  the  latter,  in- 
complete. Many  writers  have  distinguished  three 
degrees  of  this  affection,  to  which  they  have  given 
the  names  Dysury,  Strangury,  and  Tschury.  Re- 
tention of  urine  may  depend  upon  loss  of  con- 
tractility, paralysis  of  the  bladder,  &c.,  or  on 
some  obstacle  to  the  passing  of  the  urine,  as  in 
cases  of  pressure  of  the  womb  on  the  bladder,  of 
tumours  in  its  vicinity,  foreign  bodies  in  its  cavity, 
inflammation  of  the  urethra,  swelling  of  the  pros- 
tate, stricture,  ko.  The  pain  is  extremely  violent, 
and  the  bladder  may  be  found  distended  above 
the  i^ubis.  The  treatment  consists  in  introducing 
the  catheter,  or  puncturing  the  bladder,  and  in 
combating  the  cause,  which  has  produced  the  re- 
tention, by  particular  means  adapted  to  each  case. 
RETENTISSANT,  Resonant. 
RETENTISSE2IENT,  Resonance  — r.  Auto- 
pJionique,  see  Autophonia. 
RETIA  UTERI,  see  Uterus. 
RETICULAR,  Re'tiform,  Reticula'ris,  Ret'- 
iiius,  AmjjhiblestroVdes,  DyctoV des,  Retifor'min, 
from  rete,  (diminutive  reticulum,)  'a  net.'  That 
which  resembles  a  net.  An  epithet  applied  to 
many  structures  in  the  body. 

Reticular  Body,  Corpus  mueosum  —  r.  Sub- 
stance, Cellular  tissue. 

RETICULARIA  OFFICINALIS,  Lichen  pul- 
monarius. 

RETICULUM:  diminntive  of  rete,  'a  net.' 
The  Bonnet  or  Honeycomb  ha(j  or  stomach,  (Sc.) 
Kingshood,  (F.)  Bonnet,  Reseau  —  the  second  sto- 
mach of  the  ruminant  animal.  See  also,  Epiploon, 
and  Rete. 

Reticulum    Cutaneum,    Rete    mueosum — r. 
Mueosum,  Rete  mueosum. 
RETIFORM,  Reticular. 

RET'INA,  from  rete,  'a  net;'  Tu'nica  ret'ina 
sen  reticula'ris  seu  retlfor'mis  seu  in'lima  seU 
ner'vea  oc'uli,  Involu'crum  reti  compctra'tum,  Ver- 
rictda'ris  membra' na,  AmpTiiblestro'i' des  mernbra- 
na,  (F.)  Retine.  A  soft,  pulpy,  grayish,  semi- 
transparent,  very  thin  membrane;  extending 
from  the  optic  nerve  to  the  crystalline,  embracing 
the  vitreous  humour,  and  lining  the  choroid; 
without,  however,  adhering  to  either  of  those 
parts.  It  terminates  by  a  defined  edge  —  margo 
denia'tus — at  the  posterior  extremities  of  the 
ciliary  processes.  It  is  constituted,  according  to 
most  anatomists,  by  the  expansion  of  the  optic 
nerve.  The  retina  appears  to  be  formed  of  seve- 
ral laminiB  ;  so  joined  together,  that  it  is  difiH- 
cult  to  discriminate  them.  The  one — the  inner- 
most—  is  medullary,  and  pulpy;  the  other — the 
outer — is  stronger,  and  fibro-vaseular.  The  retina 
is  the  essential  organ  of  vision  ;  on  it  the  images 
of  objects  are  impressed.  Both  it  and  the  optic 
nerve  are  devoid  of  general  sensibility.  They 
may  be  punctured  or  lacerated  without  pain  being 
experienced.  The  nerve  of  general  sensibility 
distributed  to  the  eye  is  the  fifth  pair. 

RETINACULA,  see  Retinaculum  — r.  Mor- 
gagnii,  sec  Fraena  of  the  valve  of  Bauhin. 

RETINACULUM,  from  retinere,  (re,  and  te- 
nere,)  '  to  hold  back.'     A    surgical    instrument, 


formerly  used  in  the  operation  of  castration ;  and 
in  that  of  hernia,  to  prevent  the  intestines  from 
falling  into  the  scrotum.  —  Scultet.  Retinacula 
are  also  band-like  extensions  of  a  cellulo-mem- 
branous  structure,  which  seem  to  suspend  the 
ovum  in  the  Follicle  of  De  Graaf.  They  appear 
to  correspond  to  the  chalazK  of  the  egg  of  tho 
bird. 

Retinaculum,  Bride. 

Retinac'ulum  Ten'dinum  Peroneo'rum,  Ya- 
gi'na  malleola'ris  extern'a.  The  ligamentous 
sheaths  that  retain  in  situ  at  the  outer  ankle  the 
tendons  of  the  peroneal  muscles. 

RET'INAL,  Retina'lis.      Relating   or   apper- 
taining to  the  retina. 
RETINE,  Retina. 

RETINI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Ret'inm,  AmpM- 
blestroidi'tis,  Bictyi'tis,  (F.)  Relinite,  from  retina 
and  iiis,  a  sufiix  denoting  inflammation, — a  term 
of  hybrid  formation.  Inflammation  of  the  retina ; 
an  uncommon  affection,  except  as  an  accompjani- 
ment  of  other  forms  of  ophthalmia. 

RETINOiDE,  see  RMtinole. 

RETINOLE,  see  Rhetinole. 

RETINOS'COPY,  Retinoscoj/in,  from  retina, 
and  cKo-rtw,  '1  view.'    Examination  of  the  retina. 

RETINUS,  Reticular. 

RETORT',  Retor'ta,  Botin,  Conni,  Cornu'ta, 
Cornes'ta,  Cornumtisa ,  (F .)  Cornue,  from  retorqtieo, 
(re,  and  torqueo,  tortnm,)  'I  bend  back.'  A  ves- 
sel, commonly  of  glass  or  earthenware,  employed 
in  distillation.  It  may  be  plain,  or  have  a  tubu- 
lure  for  admitting  substances  whilst  the  distilla- 
tion is  going  on.  In  the  latter  case,  it  is  said  to 
be  tu'bulated,  (F.)  Cornue  tubulee. 

RETRACTION,  Retrac'tio,  from  retrahere, 
(re,  and  trahere,  tractum,)  'to  draw  back.'  State 
of  a  part,  when  drawn  towards  the  centre  of  the 
body  or  backwards;  —  as  retraction  of  the  tes- 
ticles. Sometimes  it  is  used  synonymously  with 
slwrteiiing  or  draicing  up  j  as  in  retraction  of  the 
thigh. 

RETRACTION  BE  LA  MATRICE,  Retro- 
versio  uteri. 

RETRACTOR  ANGULI  ORIS,  Buccinator. 

RET'RAHENS  AURIS,  Poste'rior  seu  Triceps 
Auris,  Tricauda'lis,  ReiraJiens  Aiiric'ulce  sen 
Auriculam,  Seeun'dus  proprio'rum  Auric'idcB,  Bi- 
caitda'lis,  Dep'rirnens  Auric'ulcg,  Proprius  Auris 
externcB,  (F.)  Masto'ido-conchini en ,  Masto'ido-ori- 
culuire  (Ch.),  Auriculaire  posterienr.  It  consists 
of  one  or  more  small  fasciculi  or  fleshy,  thin, 
somewhat  irregular  fibres,  situated  behind  the 
ear.  These  are  attached  to  the  mastoid  process, 
and  pass  horizontally  forwards,  to  terminate  at 
the  convexity  formed  by  the  concha  of  the  ear. 
If  this  muscle  had  any  use,  it  would  carry  the 
ear  backwards. 

RETRAIT  VENTRICULAIRE,  Heart,  hy- 
pertrophy of  the. 

RETRECISSEMENT,  Aretatio,  Stricture— »-. 
de  I'Urethre,  Urethrostenosis. 

RETRIMENTA  VESICA,  Urine. 

RETRIMENTUM,  Excrement 

RETROCES'SION,  Retroces'sio,  Retroces'sua, 
Retrogres'sn«,  from  retrocedere,  retmcessum,  (re- 
tro, '  backwards,'  and  cedere,  '  to  give  place.') 
The  act  of  going  back.  A  disappearance  or  me 
tastasis  of  a  tumour,  eruption,  &c.,  from  th< 
outer  part  of  the  body  to  the  inner. 

RETROCESSUS,  Retrocession. 

RETROFLEXIO  UTEUI,  see  Retroversia 
uteri. 

RETROGRESSUS,  Retrocession. 

RETROPHARYNGE'AL,  Retrojyhnriipuje'iis, 
from  retro,  'backwards,'  and  pJiarynx,  'the  pha- 
rynx.    Relating  to  parts  behind  the  pharynx, — 


rUtropulsion 


799 


RHAGE 


as  'retropharyngeal  abscess,' — an  abscess  behind 
the  pharynx. 

RETROPULSION DE  LA  MATRICE,  Re- 

troversio  uteri 

RETR0-U'TERrXE,i?efro-««eri"'n7/»,  (F.)  Re- 
(ro-uten'ii,  from  retro,  and  uterus.  Behind  the 
uterus,  as  retro-uterine  ahscens,  (F.)  Abces  retro- 
uten')i  ;  —  an  abscess  seated  behind  the  uterus. 

RETROVACCINA'TIOX,  from  retro,  '  baclc- 
wards,'  and  vaccinution.  Vaccination  -with  matter 
obtained  from  the  cow,  after  inoculating  the  ani- 
mal with  vaccine  matter  from  the  human  subject. 
RETROVER'SIO  U'TERI,  [retro,  '  back- 
wards,'  and  vertere,  verstini,  'to  turn.')  Retrover- 
eirin  of  the  Uterus,  ^dopto'eis  Uteri  retrover'sa, 
Auiipod' tsis  seu  Anapodis'mus  Uteri,  (F.)  Retro- 
versiou,  Retraction,  Obliqnile  ou  Jietropulsioii 
de  let  Jfatrice.  A  change  in  the  position  of  the 
uterus,  so  that  the  fundus  of  the  organ  is  turned 
towards  the  concavity  of  the  sacrum,  whilst  the 
neck  is  directed  towards  the  symphysis  pubis. 
This  displacement  is  commonly  attended  with 
constipation,  tenesmus,  and  retention  of  urine. 
Its  usual  period  of  occurrence  is  between  the 
third  and  fourth  months  of  pregnancy ;  before 
the  uterus  has  escaped  above  the  superior  aper- 
ture of  the  pelvis.  In  the  treatment,  the  cathe- 
ter must  be  regularly  used  twice  a  day,  until  the 
uterus,  by  its  growth,  rises  above  the  pelvis. 
The  catheter  should  be  small,  flat,  and  curved 
considerably  more  than  common,  in  consequence 
of  the  distorted  course  of  the  urethra.  The 
bowels  must  be  kept  open  ;  and  absolute  rest,  in 
a  recumbent  posture,  be  enjoined.  Should  it  be 
impracticable  to  draw  off  the  urine,  attempts 
must  be  made  to  replace  the  uterus.  The  woman 
being  on  her  hands  and  knees,  the  fore  and 
midrlle  fingers  of  the  accoucheur's  left  hand  are 
to  be  passed  up  the  rectum  to  the  fundus  uteri ; 
which  they  must  elevate,  whilst  the  cervix  uteri 
is  carefullj'  depressed  by  two  fingers  of  the  right 
hand  in  the  vagina.  Should  the  fingers  em- 
ployed to  elevate  the  fundus  not  be  long  enough 
to  effect  this  object,  a  piece  of  whalebone  may  be 
substituted,  having  a  small  piece  of  sponge  at- 
tached to  one  extremity  as  a  pad. 

A  simple  inclination,  or  bending  of  the  uterus, 
backwards,  is  termed  Retrojiex'ion  of  the  U'tcrus, 
Retroflex'io  U'teri :  not  unfrequently,  however, 
this  is  used  synonymously  with  Retroversion  of 
the  Uterus. 

RETROVERSION  BE  LA  MATRICE,  Re- 
troversio  uteri. 

REUXIO,  Synthesis — r.  Partium  separalarum, 
see  Synthesis  —  r.  per  Primam  intentionem,  see 
Intention — r.  per  Seeundam  intentionem,  see  In- 
tention—  r.  Vasorum,  Anastomosis. 

REUNION  PRUIITIYE,  see  Intention  — r. 
Secotidaire,  see  Intention. 

REVACCINATIOX,  see  Vaccina. 

RETALENTA  ARABICA,  see  Ervum. 

REVASSERIE,  Incoherence;  see  Somnium. 

RE  VE,  Somnium. 

RE  VEIL,  see  Sleep — r.  en  Sursaut,  see  Sleep. 

REVELLEXT,  Derivative. 

REVERIE,  AiiheWm. 

REVERY,  Aphelxia. 

REVIVIFICATIOX,  Resuscitation. 

REVULSIF,  Derivative. 

REVUL'SIOX,  Revnl'sio,  from  re,  and  vellere, 
vnlsum,  '  to  pluck ;'  Antis'pasie.  The  act  of 
turning  the  principle  of  a  disease  from  the  organ 
in  which  it  seems  to  have  taken  its  seat.  Rube- 
facients, vesicatories,  bleeding  in  the  foot.  &c., 
are  often  used  for  this  purpose.     See  Derivation. 

REVULSIVE,  Derivative  — r.  Bleeding,  see 
Bloodletting. 


-r.  Mo- 


REVULSORIUS,  Derivative. 
REX  AMARORUil,  Soulamen  amara 
tallorum,  Aurum. 

REYXOLDS'S  SPECIFIC,  see  Vinum  colchici. 
REZZLE,  Wheeze. 
RHA,  Rheum. 

BHABARBARUM,  Rheum —r.  Album,  Con- 
volvulus mechoacan  —  r.  Antiquorum,  Rheum 
Rhaponticum — r.  Dioscoridis,  Rheum  Rhaponti- 
cum  —  r.  Monachorum,  Rumex  patientia  —  r.  Xi- 
grum,  Convolvulus  jalapa — r.  Pauperum,  Tha'.ie- 
tron — r.  Sibericum,  Rheum — r.Tartaricum, Rheum 
—  r.  Turcicum,  Rheum. 

RHABARBE,   Rheum— r.  Blanche,  Convol- 
vulus mechoacan — r.  Fa-nsse,  Thalictron  —  /•.  des 
hides.   Convolvulus   mechoacan  —  r.  des  Jloines, 
Rumex  Alpinus  —  r.  Snuvage,  Rumex  patientia. 
RHABDOIDES  (SUTURA),  Sagittal  suture. 
RHABILLEUR,  Renouer. 
RHACHET^,  Rachitc-e. 
RHACHETRUM,  Medulla  spinalis. 
RHACHI.^II,  Rhachitee. 
RHACHIAGRA,  Rachisagra. 
RHACHIALGIA,  Rachialgia,   Rhachiodynia, 
Spinal  irritation. 
i      RHACHIALGITIS,  Spinal  irritation.  Myelitis. 
j      RHACHIDAGRA,     Rachisagra,     Rachialgia, 
I  Rhachiodynia. 

!      RIIACHIOCYPHOSIS,  Gibbositas. 
;      RIIACHIODYX'IA,  from   Vx'f-   '  "^e  verte- 
bral   column,'   and    oivvT],   'pain;'  RhackiaVgia. 
Pain  in  the  vertebral  column. 
;      RHACHIOMYELITIS,  Myelitis. 
I      RHACHIOPLEGIA,  Paraplegia. 
RHACIIIOSCOLIOMA,  Scoliosis. 
I      RHACHIOSCOLIOSIS,  Scoliosis, 
t      RHACHIOSTROPHO'SIS,  from    V^i?,   '  the 
I  vertebral  column,'  and  crpt^u,  '  I  turn  :'   Coutor- 
i  tio  colum'vcB  vertebra'lis.     Deviation  of  the  ver- 
j  tebral  column. 

I  RHACHIOT'OMUS,  Rhachiot'omwn,  from 
i  'pax's,  '  the  vertebral  column,'  and  to/jt),  '  incision.' 
I  An  instrument  for  opening  the  vertebral  column. 
I  RHACHIPA'GIA,  Rachipa'gio,  from  'paxis, 
I  'the  spine,'  and  -ayto,  'I  fasten.'  A  monstrous 
'  union  of  two  foetuses,  in  which  they  are  connected 
at  the  spine. 

RHACHIPARALYSIS,  Paraplegia. 
RHACHIPHYMA.  Rachiphyma. 
RHACHIRRIIEUMA,  Lumbago. 
RHACHIS,  Vertebral   column  —  r.  Xasi,    see 
Xasus. 

RHACHISAGRA,  Rachisagra. 
"RHACHI'TjE,  from  'paxirns,  appertaining  or 
relating  to  V'a:t'f.  'the  vertebral  column;'  Rha- 
chics'i,  Roehi'tcB,  Rhache'tm,  or   Ruchim'i.     The 
muscle?  of  the  spine. 

RHACHITES,  Medulla  spinalis. 
RnACHITICUS,  Rachiticus. 
RHACHITIS,  Rachitis  — r.  Adultorum,  MoUi 
ties  ossium— r.  Spinalis,  Rachisagra. 
RHACniTISMUS,  Rachitis. 
RHACHOSIS,  Rachosis. 
RHACHUS,  Rhacns,  Rhagus,  from 
'pvyvvfii,   'to  break.'     A   wrinkle.     A 


payii),  or 
iceration 


of  the  skin.     A  lacerated  ulcer — ulcus  liic"erum. 

RHACUS,  Rhachus,  Wrinkle. 

RH^BOCRAXIA,  Torticollis. 

RHAG'ADES,  'payaic?,  Rhngn'din,  from  'payiu 
or  'p-nyvvjiL,  'to  break  or  rend  ;'  Scissn'r(p,  Fissu'- 
rcp,  FimcB.  Ruptures,  chaps,  or  narrow  and  long 
ulcers,  which  form  near  the  origin  of  mucous 
membranes,  especially  around  the  anus,  and 
which  are  generally  owing  to  the  syphilitic  virus. 

Rhagades,  see  Fissure. 

RHAGE,  Roge,  'payjj.  Same  etymon.  A  suf- 
fix denoting  violent  rupture  or  discharge,  as  in 
IlemoTrhage.  Menorrhagia,  <tc. 

Rhage,  Fissure. 


RHAGES 


800 


RHEUMATISM 


RHAGES.  ITvfB  passse. 

RHAGICUS,  Rhagoides. 

RHAGODEITIS,  Uveitis. 

RHAGOI'DES,  Rhago'den,  RTiagouleus,  RJia'- 
gicus,  from  'pa^,  'payos,  'a  berry,'  'a  grape.' 
Grape-like ;  as  Tunica  Rhagoides :  the  uvea. 
Also,  the  choroid  coat  of  the  eye.  , 

RHAGUS,  Rhaehus,  Wrinkle. 

RHAMXI  RACC^,  see  Rhamnus— r.  Succ.us, 
see  Rhamnus. 

RHAMNUS,  'pa/ivog,  R.  cathar'ticns,  Spina 
cejvi'na  sen  domes' tica  seu  infeeto'ria,  Rhamnus 
Boluti'vuB,  Cervispi'na,  Buckthorn,  Purging  buck- 
thorn, (F.)  Nerprun  jjurgatif,  Bourguepine, 
Epine  de  cerf.  Family,  Rhamnaceso.  Sex.  Si/st. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  The  berries  —  Rhamni 
BacccB — have  a  faint  and  disagreeable  odour;  and 
bitterish,  nauseous  taste.  Their  juice  —  Rhamni 
Succus  —  is  cathartic,  and  apt  to  excite  griping, 
■which  must  be  obviated  by  the  use  of  diluents. 

Rhamnus  ALATER'jias,  R.  Hispun'icus,  Alater'- 
niis  laiifo'lius,  Common  alnternus,  (F.)  Alaterne. 
The  leaves  have  been  used  as  detergents  and  as- 
tringents, in  the  form  of  gargle  especially. 

RhAJINUS  Fran'gula,  Black  Alder,  Frangula 
Alnus,  Alnua  Nigra,  (F.)  Arine  noir,  Bourdane, 
Boiirgine.  All  the  parts  of  this  tree,  a,s  well  as 
of  the  common  alder,  are  astringent  and  bitter. 
The  bark  is  most  so.  The  inner,  yellow  bark  of 
the  trunk  or  root  acts  as  a  cathartic.  It  has  also 
been  employed  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Rhamxus  HiSPANicns,  R.  alaternus — r.  Jujuba, 
see  Jujube — -r.  Lotus,  see  Jujube — r.  Ziziphus,  see 
Jui'ube. 

RHANTER,  Canthus,  (greater.) 

RHAPHANEDOX,  Raphanedon. 

RHAPHANIA,  Raphania. 

RHAPHANIS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPHANUS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPHE.  Raphe.  Suture. 

RHAPHOSYMPH'YSIS,  from  pa<pr„  'suture,' 
and  cvyjpvtjis,  'union.'  Union  by  suture, — as  of 
the  bones  of  the  cranium. 

RHAPHYS.  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPONTICUM,  Rheum  Rhapontieum  — r. 
Vulgare,  Centaurea  centaurium. 

RHAPONTIQUE,  Rheum  rhapontieum. 

RHAPS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHATANIA.  Krameria  ratanhia. 

RHAX,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

RHEGE.  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration. 

RHEGMA,  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration, 
Rhexis  —  r.  Ligamentare,  Apospasma. 

RHEGMUS,  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration. 

RHEMBASMUS,  Somnambulism. 

RHEMBE,  Rhembus,  'a,  wandering  about,' 
from  'ftji^eiv,  '  to  wander  about.'  Irregularity  in 
the  return  of  febrile  paroxysms. 

RHEMBUS,  Rhembe. 

RHEXCHUS,  Rattle,  Snoring. 

RHENXrS,  Rattle,  Snoring. 

RHEON,  Rheum. 

RHETIXE,  Resin. 

RHETINOCERON,  Resinatum. 

RHETINOLE.  A  name  given  by  M.  Beral 
to  a  medicine,  which  results  from  the  union  of  a 
resin  with  other  medicinal  substances.  The 
Rhetinoles  of  Beral  differ  from  the  Rhetino'idea 
in  containing  but  one  resin,  whilst  in  the  latter 
there  are  several. 

RHETINO'lDES,  see  RUtinoU. 

RHETINOTON,  Resinatum. 

RHEUM,  (pronounced  roo??!,)  i27i,e!j'mrj,  ptxifin, 
(F.)  Rhume ;  from  'pm,  'to  flow.'  Any  thin 
•watery  discharge  from  mucous  membranes  or 
skin  ;  as  the  thin  discharge  from  the  air  passages 
arisiuE'  from  cold. 


Rhecm,  Salt.  A  popular  name  in  the  United 
States,  like  'tetter,'  for  various  cutaneous  affec- 
tions of  the  eczematous  and  herpetic  forms  more 
especially.  It  is  at  times  applied  to  a  kind  of 
chronic  psoriasis;  and  likewise  to  cutaneous  af- 
fections in  those  who  immerse  the  hands  in  me- 
tallic or  acid  solutions.  Webster  defines  it  "a 
vague  and  indefinite  popular  name,  applied  to 
almost  all  the  non-febrile  cutaneous  eruptions 
which  are  common  among  adults,  except  ring- 
worm and  itch," 

Rhe'um,  Rhabar'barum,  Rheon,  Rha,  Rhoeum, 
Lap'athum  orienta'le  seu  Chinen'se,  Rhabar'ba- 
rum ve'vum  seu  Tartar'icum  seu  Siber'icum  seu 
Tur'cieum,  Rhubarb,  (F.)  Rhabarbe,  Rhubarbe. 
From  Rha,  now  called  Wolga,  a  river  in  Russia 
from  which  it  was  first  brought.  Ord.  Poly- 
gonacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Enneandria  Trigynia.  The 
root — Rheiim — is  the  part  used  in  medicine.  Its 
odour  is  aromatic,  peculiar,  and  rather  nauseous; 
taste,  somewhat  aromatic,  subacrid,  bitterish,  and 
astringent.  It  colours  the  saliva  and  the  urine 
yellow.  It  is  easily  pulverized,  and  forms  a  pow- 
der of  a  bright  bufF-yellow  colour.  Both  water 
and  spirit  extract  its  virtues.  Rhubarb  root  is 
purgative,  stomachic  and  astringent.  [?]  It  is 
chiefly  use-d  for  the  properties  first  mentioned. 
Externally,  the  powder  is  sometimes  sprinkled 
over  ulcers,  to  assist  their  granulation.  Dose,  ^j 
to  ^ss  of  the  powder.  In  a  smaller  dose,  it  is 
stomachic. 

Numerous  species  of  Rheum,  Rh.  palmatnm, 
Rh.  undulatum,  and  Rh.  compactum,  have  purga- 
tive roots. 

The  rhubarbs  most  used  in  the  United  States 
are  the  Chinese  or  India  Rhubarb — Rheum  Si- 
nen'se  seu  In'dicum  ;  the  Russian,  Turkey  or  Ba^ 
charian  Rhubarb — Rheum  Rus'sicum  seu  Tur'ci' 
cum  ;  and  Europjean  Rhubarb. 

Rheum  CoMPACTrM,  Rheum  —  r.  Indicum,  see 
Rheum  —  r.  Palmatum,  Rheum. 

Rheum  Rhapon'ticum,  Rhapon'tic  Rhubarb; 
Rhapon' tieum,  Rhabar'barum  Bioscor'idis  seu 
Antiquo'rum,  (F.)  Rhapontique,  Rhapontie,  Ra- 
pontic.  The  root  of  this  seems  to  have  been  the 
rhubarb  of  the  ancients.  It  is  more  astringent 
than  that  of  the  rheum  palmatum,  and  less  pur- 
gative; for  the  latter  purpose,  two  or  three 
drachms  being  required  for  a  dose.  French,  Rha- 
pontie, OT  Krimea  Rhubarb,  \s  obtained  from  this 
species,  as  well  as  from  Rh.  undulatum,  and  Rh. 
compactum. 

Rheum  Eussicum,  see  Rheum — r.  Sinense,  see 
Rheum — r.  Turcicum,  see  Rheum — r.  Undulatum, 
see  Rheum. 

RHEUMA,  Catarrh,  Diarrhoea,  Rheum,  Rheu- 
matism. Also,  inflammation  of  a  fibrous  tissue, 
as  in  rheumatism  and  gout.  —  Fuchs. 

Rheuma  Cataerhale,  Bronchitis,  (chronic) 
— r.  Epidemicum,  Bronchitis,  chronic,  Catarrh, 
epidemic — r.  Pectoris,  Catarrh — r.  Uteri,  Leu- 
eorrhoea. 

RHEUMAPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMARTHRITIS,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMARTHROSIS,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUxMATALGIA,  Rheumatism,  chronic— r. 
Arthritica,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMAT'IC,  Rheumat'icus,  Rheumatis'mnl, 
(F.)  Rhnmatismal,  Rhumatique.  Belonging  to 
rheumatism  ;  as  rheumatic  fever.  Also,  applied  to 
one  affected  with  rheumatism;  (F.)  Rhumatisant. 

Rheumat'ic  Diath'esis,  Diath'esis  rheumat'- 
ica.  The  special  condition  of  the  body  that  gives 
occasion  to  rheumatism.  It  may  exist  without 
presenting  the  usual  phenomena  in  the  joints; 
whilst  the  heart  may  be  seriously  affected. 

RHEUMATICS,  Rheumatism. 

RHEU'MATISxM,  Catarrhce'a  from  'peviia, 
'pev/ia-og,  'a  defluxion,  catarrh.'    Dolor  Rheumat  ~ 


EHEUMATISM 


801 


RHEUM ATOPHTHALMIA 


ious  et  arthrit'icus,  (Hoffman,)  Rheumafo'sh  Myo- 
eo'tis,  Eheuma,  Mi/odyn'-ia,  (vulg.)  liheu'matiz, 
Bheumat'ics,  (F.)  lihumatisme.  A  kind  of  shift- 
ing phlegmasia  or  neuralgia,sometimes  seated  in 
the  muscles,  sometimes  in  the  parts  surrounding 
the  joints;  and  at  others,  within'  them.  Hence 
the  names  3fuscnlar,  Articular,  and  Synovial, 
which  have  been  applied  to  it.  The  disease  may 
be  acute,  or  chronic. 

Kheujiatism  of  the  Abdomen,  Coeliorrheuma. 
Rheumatism,  Acute,  Rheumatis' mus  acu'tua 
seu  articulo'rum  acu'tua  seu  universa' lis  febri'- 
lis  seu  iiiflammato'rius  seu  hupersthen'icua,  Ar- 
thro'sia  acuta,  Rheumatojy'yra,  Rheumap'yra, 
Febrie  rheumat'ica  injlammato' ria,  Syn'ocha 
rheumat'ica,  Myoso'tia,  Myi'tis,  Carima  seu 
Arthri'tis  rkeumatiamua,  ArtTiro-rhevmatis'  mua, 
Synovi'tia  rheumntisma'lia,  Hcemo- arthri'tis, 
Rheumat'ic  Fever,  (¥.)  Bhenmatisme  aigu,  Rh. 
articulaire  aigu,  Fi^vre  rhumatismale,  usually 
comes  on  with  the  ordinary  symptoms  of  fever; 
soon  after  which,  or  simultaneously,  or  even  be- 
fore the  appearance  of  febrile  signs,  excruciating 
pains  are  felt  in  different  parts  of  the  body,  par- 
ticularly in  the  larger  joints,  which  are  more  or 
less  red  and  swollen ;  the  pain  shifting  from  one 
to  the  other,  at  times  with  great  rapidity.  The 
disease  rarely  terminates  in  less  than  six  weeks, 
during  the  greater  part  of  which  period  the  febrile 
symptoms  remain  severe;  and  what  is  peculiar  to 
the  disease,  the  skin  may  be  covered  daily  with 
a  profuse  perspiration,  although  it  feels  extremely 
hot,  and  the  pulse  appears  in  no  way  modified  by 
it.  It  is  one  of  the  essential  symptoms  of  the 
affection,  and  consequently  affords  no  relief.  The 
only  danger  to  be  apprehended  from  acute  rheu- 
matism, notwithstanding  the  apparent  severity 
of  the  symptoms,  is  the  translation  or  extension 
of  the  disease  [metastat' ic  rheu'matism)  to  some 
internal  part,  especially  to  the  heart.  This  ten- 
dency must  always  be  borne  in  mind.  Acute 
rheumatism  seldom  terminates  in  chronic;  they 
who  are  liable  to  the  former  are  rarely  so  to  the 
latter,  and  conversely.  The  disease  will  gene- 
rally run  its  course  in  spite  of  treatment.  The 
usual  antiphlogistic  plan  had  better  be  pursued 
during  the  first  days  of  the  disease.  Blood-let- 
ting may  be  employed,  if  the  vigour  of  the  pa- 
tient and  of  the  disease  seem  to  require  it;  but, 
although  the  blood  is  generally  buffy,  bleeding 
does  not  usually  seem  to  afford  much  relief.  The 
bowels  must  be  kept  open  ;  effervescent  draughts 
be  administered,  and  opium  be  given  in  full  doses 
to  allay  pain.  This  is,  generally,  all  that  is  ne- 
cessary during  the  first  week  ;  after  which,  ad- 
vantage will  usually  be  obtained  from  the  exhi- 
bition of  the  sulphate  of  quinia  with  sulphuric 
acid.  It  does  not  augment  the  excitement,  and 
will  be  found  proper  in  almost  all  cases.  Rheu- 
matic inflammation  is  very  different  from  other 
varieties,  and  this  may  account  for  the  anomaly. 
After  a  few  weeks,  the  disease  usually  goes  off, 
but  leaves  the  patient  very  liable  to  a  recurrence 
on  slight  exposures  or  errors  of  diet.  At  times, 
acute  rheumatism  of  the  joints  puts  on  the  ap- 
pearance of  gout,  and  seems  to  be  a  complication 
of  the  two  affections.  It  is  then  called  Gouty  or 
Arthrit'ic  rheumatism  or  Rheumatic  govt,  Rheu- 
vmtal'gia  arthrit'ica,  Rheumarthro'sis,  Rheumar- 
thri'tis,  Arthri'tis  rheumat'ica  seu  jureni'lis. 

Rheumatism  of  the  Arm,  Brachiorrheuma — 
r.  Arthritic,  see  Rheumatism,  acute  —  r.  of  the 
Bladder,  Cystorrheuma  —  r.  of  the  Bowels,  Ente- 
rorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Cap'sular,  Rhenmntis'mua  cap- 
sula'ris.  Rheumatism  seated  in  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  joints  and  bursse  of  the  tendons. 
The  parts  most  liable  to  its  attacks  are  the  feet 
and  hands,  where  it  is  generally  easily  recognised 
61 


by  the  enlargement  of  the  joints;  but  the  pecu- 
liar characters  of  the  disease  are,  pefhaps,  most 
strikingly  seen  when  it  attacks  the  knee.  _ 
R,heumatism  of  the  Chest,  Pleurodynia. 
Rheumatism,  Chronic,  Arthro'sia  chronica, 
Rheumatismus  chronicus  seu  nonfehri' lis  seu  vul- 
ga'ris  seu  invetera'tus  seu  habitua'lia  seu  frig" i- 
dus,  Rheumatal'gia,  Rhumatal'gia,  Rhenmntodyn'- 
ia,  Arthrodyn'ia,  Arthritis  arlhrodynia,  (F.)Rhu- 
matisme  chrouiquc,  Rhumatahjiv.  i?  attended  with 
pains  in  the  hips,  shoulders,  knees,  and  other 
large  joints.  These  are  at  times  confined  to 
one  joint;  at  others,  shift  from  one  to  another, 
without  occasioning  inflammation,  or  fever.  In 
this  manner,  the  complaint  often  continues  for  a 
great  length  of  time,  and  then  goes  off.  There  is 
no  danger  attendant  upon  it ;  but  the  patient  may 
become  lame,  and  is  always  liable  to  painful  re- 
currences. Neither  variety  generally  terminates 
in  suppuration  ;  but  effusion  of  coagulable  lymph 
is  apt  to  occur,  so  as  to  occasion  permanent 
thickening  of  the  parts.  The  great  preventive 
of  chronic  rheumatism,  and  one  of  the  most  valu- 
able curative  agents,  is  flannel,  worn  next  the 
skin.  The  whole  class  of  rubefacients  may,  also, 
be  used  with  advantage.  The  warm  bath,  espe- 
cially the  natural  warm  bath,  the  temperature  of 
which  does  not  vary,  is  perhaps  the  most  success- 
ful remedy  of  all. 

Rheumatism  of  the  Extremities,  Acrorrheu- 
ma  —  r.  of  the  Face,  Prosoporrheuma  —  r.  Gouty, 
see  Rheumatism,  acute — r.  of  the  Heart,  Cardior- 
rheuma — r.  Lead,  see  Lead  rheumatism — r.  of  the 
Leg,  Scelorrheuraa  —  r.  of  a  Limb,  Mcrorrheuma 
— r.  Local,  Mcrorrheuma — r.  of  the  Loins,  Lum- 
bago—  r.  Metastatic,  see  Bh.  acute  —  r.  of  the 
Neck,  Torticollis  —  r.  Partial,  Mcrorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Preabdom'inal,  (F.)  Rhumatis- 
me  pre-abdomiiial.  Rheumatism  of  the  muscles 
of  the  anterior  and  lateral  portions  of  the  abdo- 
men ;  supposed  by  MM.  Genest  and  Requin  to 
be  the  same  as  the  nervous  affection  of  the  peri- 
toneum of  Gooch. 

Rheumatism  Root,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni. 
Rheumatism  of  the  Skin,  see  Dermalgia — r. 
Topical,    Mcrorrheuma  —  r.  of  the  Uterus,  Me- 
trorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Visceral.     Rheumatism  affect- 
ing the  muscular  or  fibrous  tissues  of  the  viscera. 
Rheumatism  Weed,  P3'rola  maculata,  P.  um- 
bellata. 

RHEUMATISMAL.  Rheumatic. 
RHEUMATISMUS  ABDOMINIS,  Coelior- 
rheuma— r.  Aoutus,  Rheumatism,  acute— r.  Arti- 
culorum  aoutus.  Rheumatism,  acute  —  r.  Bra- 
chii,  Brachiorrheuma  —  r.  Cancrosus,  Neuralgia 
faciei — r.  Cervicis,  Torticollis — r.  Colli,  Torti- 
collis— r.  Cordis,  Cardiorrheuma — r.  Cruris,  Sce- 
lorrheuma  —  r.  Dorsalis,  Lumbago  —  r.  Extremi- 
tatum,  Acrorrbeuma  —  r.  Faciei,  Prosoporrheu- 
ma— r.  Febrilis,  Dengue — r.  Inflammatorius  seu 
hypersthenicus,  Rheumatismus  acutus—  r.  Intes- 
tinorum,  Enterorrheuraa  —  r.  Intestinorum  cum 
ulcere,  Dysentery  —  r.  Larvatus,  Neuralgia  faciei 
— r.  Localis,  Mcrorrheuma — r.  Membrorum  sin- 
gulorum,  Mcrorrheuma  —  r.  Non  febrilis.  Rheu- 
matism, acute  —  r.  Partialis,  Mcrorrheuma  —  r. 
Pectoris,  Pleurodynia — r.  Phlegmonodes,  Myosi- 
tis—  r.  Spurius  nervosus.  Neuralgia — r.  Univer- 
salis febrilis,  Rheumatism,  acute  —  r.  Uteri,  Me- 
trorrheuma  —  r.  Vesicte  urinarise,  Cystorrheuma 
—  r.  Vulgaris  seu  inveteratus  seu  habitualis  seu 
friffidus,  R,heumatism,  chronic. 
RHEUMATIZ,  Rheumatism. 
RHEUMATODYNIA,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 
RHEUMATOPHTHAL'MIA,  Rheumophthal'- 
min ;  from  'pcvfia,  'ptvfiaros,  'rheumatism,'  and 
o(p6a^iiia,  *  inflammation  of  the  eyes.'  Rheumatia 
ophthalmia. 


P.PIEUMATOrYRA 


802 


RHOITES 


RHEUMATOPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMATOSIS,  Rheumatism. 

RHEUMOPHTHALMIA,  Rheumatophthal- 
mia,  Sclerotitis. 

RHEXIS.  'prj^ig,  Rhegma,  Birtip'tio,  Rwp'tio, 
Jtiiptu'i-fi,  Rupture.  From  'p>iyvvnt,  '  to  break.' 
Rupture  of  a  vessel  or  organ.  Spontaneous 
opening  of  an  abscess. 

Rhexis  Oc'oli.  Bursting  of  the  eye  from  any 
cause:  spontaneous  or  excited. 

RHICNO'SIS,  from  ' iJiKvoofiai, '  to  become  wrin- 
kled ;'  Cutis  corrtign'tto.  Wrinkling  of  the  skin 
from  extenuation  of  the  body;  opposed  to  erKaats, 
or  distension  from  repletion. 

RHIGOS,  Rigor. 

RHIN,  Nasus. 

RHINALi'GIA,  Rhinodyn'ia,  from  'p«v,  'the 
nose,'  and  a'Syog,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  nose. 

Rhinal'gia  ab  Intru'sis.  Pain  in  the  nose 
from  foreign  bodies. 

Rhinal'gia  Vermino'sa.  Pain  in  the  nose 
from  worms.  _ 

RHINAN'CHONE,  RMnan'gia,  RMnostegno' - 
ah;  from  'piv,  'the  nose,'  and  ayx^ovrj.  'narrow- 
ness.'    Contraction  of  the  nose.     Snuffles. 

RHINANGIA,  Rhinanchone,  Snuffles. 

RHINCHOS,  Rostrum. 

RHINENCEPHALIA,  Cyclopia. 

RHINEN'CHYSIS,  Rhinenchys'ia,  from  'piv, 
'the  nose,' £v,  'in,'  and  x^'^'  '^  pour.'  An  infu- 
sion or  injection,  made  into  the  nostrils,  with  a 
syringe  called  Rhinen'chites. 

RHINES,  Nares. 

RHINITIS,  Nasi'tis,  from  'piv,  'pivo;,  'the 
nose,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  nose.     Coryza. 

Rhinitis  Ulcerosa,  Ozasna. 

RHINOBLENNORRHCEA,  Rhinorrhoea. 

RHINOC'ACB,  Cory'za  scarlatino' m. ;  from 
'oiv,  'pivos,  'the  nose,'  and  Kaxo;,  'evil.'  The 
offensive  discharge  from  the  nose,  and  other 
symptoms  indicating  a  morbid  condition  of  the 
Schneiderian  membrane,  that  accompany  the 
worst  forms  of  scarlatina. 

RHINOCATARRHUS,  Coryza. 

RHINOCNES'MUS,  from  V",  V"'"?,  'the 
nose,'  and  Kvriaixog,  'itching.'    Itching  of  the  nose. 

RHINODYNIA,  Rhinalgia. 

RHINOPHO'NIA,  from  'piv,  'pivo;,  'the  nose,' 
and  'fiuyvri,  '  the  voice.'  A  nasal  voice,  called,  also, 
Dyspho'via  immodala'ta  nasa'lis,  Porapho' nia 
nasalis  seu  res'onans,  PselUs'nius  na'sitas,  Myc- 
teropho'nia,  Na'sitas,  Vox  seu  Parala'lia  nasa'- 
lis.    Speaking  through  the  nose. 

RHINOPLAS'TIC,  Rhinoplas'tica  (a.Ts),Rhi'- 
noplasty,  from  'piv,  'pivoi,  '  the  nose,'  and  jrAao-o-w, 
'  I  form.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for 
forming  a  new  nose.  The  Taliacotian  operatiun, 
so  called  because  described  by  Tagliacozzi.  It 
consists  in  bringing  down  a  portion  of  flesh  from 
the  forehead,  and  causing  it  to  adhere  to  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  remains  of  the  nose. 

RHINOP'TIA,  from  'pii^,  'the  nose,'  and  or- 
TOjxai,  'I  see.'  The  act  of  seeing  over  the  nose. 
Squinting  over  the  nose. 

RHINORRHAGIA,  Epistasis. 

RHINOR'RHAPHY,  RhinorrJiaph'ia,  from 
'piv,  'pivog,  'nose,'  and  'pa^i?,  'a  suture.'  An  ope- 
ration for  the  removal  of  epicanthis,  which  con- 
sists in  pinching  up  a  longitudinal  fold  of  the 
skin,  including  this  fold  in  two  elliptical  in- 
cisions, removing  it,  and  bringing  together  the 
edges  of  the  wound  by  harelip  suture. 

RHINORRHCE'A,  Rhinohlenorrhoe' a,  from 
'piv,  'pivng,  'the  nose,'  and  'psia,  'I  flow.'  A  dis- 
charge of  limpid  mucus  from  the  nose  without 
any  inflammatory  symptom.     A  gleet   from    the 


RHINO'SIS,  from  'pivo;,  'a  skin,  leather,' or 
from  piKvo;,  'rugous.'    The  state  of  looseness  and 
excess  of  skin  observed  in  phthisis. — Vogel. 
RHINOSTEGNOSIS,  Rhinanchone. 
RHIPTASMOS,  Jactation. 
RHIPTOLUSIA,  Affusion. 
RHIS,  Nasus. 
RHIZA,  Radix. 

RHIZAGRA,  Punch. 

RHIZO'MA,  Rhizome,  from  'p'?",  'a root.'  The 
part  of  the  root  of  a  plant,  which  consists  of  wood 
or  flesh,  as  in  the  carrot. 

RHIZOPH'AGUS,  from  'pt^a,  'a  root,'  and 
ipayiii,  '  I  eat.'     One  who  lives  on  roots. 

RHIZOTOMIST,  see  Simples. 

RHIZOTOMUS,  Apothecary. 

RHOA,  Punica  granatum. 

RHODEL^'ON,  Oleum  rosa'rum.  Oil  of  roses, 
or  oil  impregnated  with  roses. 

RHO'DIA,  Rhodi'ola  ro'sea,  Rosea,  Rosewort, 
(F.)  RJiodiole,  from  'poSov,  'arose,'  owing  to  its 
odour.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Octandria.  The  root, 
Roseroot,  when  dry,  has  a  very  pleasant  smell, 
and  is  slightly  astringent.     It  is  not  used. 

RHO'DINUS,  'pofivos,  Rho'dius,  Rosa'ceu«, 
Ro'seus,  Rosa'tus,  (F.)  Roaat,  Rosy.  Formed  of, 
or  containing,  roses. 

RHODIOLA  ROSEA,  Rhodia. 

RHODTOLE,  Rhodia. 

RIIODITES  VINUM.  Wine  in  which  roses 
have  been  macerated. 

RHO'DIUM  LIGNUM,  Rhodium  or  Rosewood, 
from  'poSov,  'a  rose.'  The  wood  or  root  of  a  tree 
supposed  to  be  Genis'ta  Cannrien'sis  of  Linnaeus. 
(F.)  Bois  de  rose,  Bois  de  Chyptre.  Ord.  Legumi- 
nosa3.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Deeandria.  The 
essential  oil  is  a  perfume,  and  possesses  cordial 
and  tonic  virtues.  Its  smell  is  attractive  to  fish, 
rats,  &c. 

RHODIUS,  Rhodinus. 

RHODODAPHNE,  Nerium  oleander. 

RHODODAPHNIS,  Nerium  oleander. 

RHODODEN'DRON  CHRYSAN'THEMUM, 
R.  chrysan'thinn  seu  au'reum  seu  ojjjicina'le,  Ole- 
an'dei;  Rose-bay,  Yellow  rJtododeudrnm,  Moun- 
tain Laurel,  (F.)  Rosage,  Ji.  chrysanthe,  Rose  de 
Siherie,  from  'poSov,  'a  rose,'  and  Stvipov,  'a 
tree.'  Nat.  Ord.  Ericaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Deean- 
dria Monogynia.  This  plant  hiis  been  recom- 
mended in  rheumatism,  gout,  and  syphilis.  In 
an  overdose,  it  produces  acro-narcotic  symp- 
toms. 

Rhoboden'dron  Max'imdm,  Great  Laurel,  Ame- 
rican Rose-bay.  An  indigenous  shrub,  Ord.  Eri- 
caceae, which  flowers  in  July.  It  is  stimulant 
and  astringent,  and  has  been  used  by  the  Indians 
in  gout  and  rheumatism. 

RnoDODENDRON  Puncta'tdm.  Indigenous  J  bar 
similar  properties. 

RHODOM'ELA  PALMA'TA,  ('poSov,  'arose, 
and  iie\i,  'honey,')  Dulse,  Sac'charine  Fucus. 
One  of  the  Algae,  eaten  in  large  quantitie? 
throughout  the  maritime  countries  of  the  north 
of  Europe,  and  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago. 

RHODOMELI,  Mel  rosse. 

RHODON,  Rosa,  Rosa  centifolia. 

RHODOSAGCHARUM,  Confeetio  ros£e  gal- 
licae. 

RHODOSTACTON,  Mel  rosee. 

RHODOSTAGMA,  Aqua  rosro. 

RHCEA.  Punica  granatum. 

RHCEAS,  see  Papaver  rhoeas. 

RHOEBDESIS,  Absorption. 

RHCEUM,  Rheum. 

RHOGMOS,  Rattle. 

RHOI'TES,  'poirrts,  a  wine  impregnated  with 
the  pomegranate  ;  from  'poa,  the  Pomegranate,  — 
DiosGorides.     A  confection,  made  by  boiling  th« 


RHOMBOIDEUS 


803 


RIBWORT 


juice  of  the  pomegranate  in  honey.  —  Paulus  of 
^gina. 

RHOMBOIDE'US,  from  'po//^oir,  'a  rhombus,' 
whose  sides  are  equal,  with  two  obtuse  and  two 
acute  angles.  Rhomho'ideus  mnjor  and  minor, 
Rhomho'i'des,  Cerviei-dorso-scnpulnire.  A  muscle 
situate  at  the  posterior  inferior  part  of  the  neck, 
and  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  back.  It  has  a 
rliomboidal  shape,  and  is  attached,  by  its  inner 
edge,  to  the  posterior  cervical  ligament,  and  to 
the  spinous  processes  of  the  last  cervical  verte- 
bra, and  of  the  first  four  or  five  dorsal.  By  its 
outer  edge,  it  is  attached  to  the  spinal  or  poste- 
rior edge  of  the  scapula.  It  is  divided  into  two 
fasciculi,  constituting  the  Rhnmboidp.us  major  and 
Rh.  minor,  the  latter  being  situate  higher  than  the 
other.  This  muscle  draws  the  scapula  backwards 
and  upwards,  and  impresses  upon  it  a  rotatory 
motion,  which  brings  its  inferior  angle  nearer  to 
the  spine  ;  and,  consequently,  depresses  the  an- 
terior angle  and  the  shoulder. 

RHOMBOS,  'po/i(3os.  A  bandage  mentioned  by 
Galen,  so  called  on  account  of  its  rhomboidal 
shape. 

PtHONCHAL,  Rhoncha'lis,  from  rhonchus,  'rat- 
tle.' Relating  or  appertaining  to  rhonchus  ; — as 
'  rhonchal  fluctuation,'  the  fremitus  that  occurs 
through  the  influence  of  respiration  as  an  attend- 
ant on  cavernous  rhonchi. — Walshe. 

RHONCHUS,  Rattle,  Snoring,  Stertor— r.  Ca- 
vernous, see  Gurgling — r.  Cavernulous,  see  Gur- 
gling. 

Rhonchus,  Clicking.  A  rhonchus  which  has 
been  considered  positively  indicative  of  the  exist- 
ence of  tubercles  in  the  lungs. [?] 

Rhonchus,  Crepitans,  Rale  crepitant — r.  Cre- 
pitans Redux,  see  Crepitant  —  r.  Mucous,  see 
Rale  muquenx — r.  Sibilans,  see  Rale  crepitant  — 
r.  Sibilus,  Rale  sibilant — r.  Sonorus,  Rale  sonore 

—  r.  Subcrepitant,  see  Rale  muqueux. 
RHOPALISMUS.  Priapismus. 
RHOPALOSIS,  Plica,  Pupil,  Uvea, 
RHOPE,  Congestion. 
RHOTACISMUS,  Rotacism. 
RHUBARB,  Rheum  —  r.  Chinese,  see  Rheum 

—  r.  French,  Rheum  Rhaponticum  —  r.  India, 
see  Rheum  —  r.  Krimea,  Rheum  Rhaponticum 
— r.  Slonk's,  Rumex  Alpinus,  Rumex  patientia — 
r.  Poor  man's,  Thalictron  —  r.  Rhapontie,  Rheum 
Rhaponticum — r.  Russia,  see  Rheum — r.  Turkey, 
see  Rheum — r.  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

RHUBARBE,  Rheum— r.  Fausse,  Thalictron 

—  r.  des  Indes,  Convolvulus  mechoacan — r.  des 
Paiivres,  Thalictron  —  r,  Sauvage,  Rumex  pati- 
entia. 

RHUE,  Ruta. 

RHUM,  Rum. 

RHUMAPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHU3IATALGIA,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

RHUifATALGIE,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

RHUMATIQUE,  Rheumatic. 

RHUM  A  TISANT,  Rheumatic. 

RHUMATISMAL,  Rheumatic. 

RHUM  A  TISME,  Rheumatism  —  r.  Aigii, 
Rheumatism,  acute — r.  Articulaire  aigtt,  Rheu- 
matism, acute — r.  Chroniqxie,  Rheumatism,  chro- 
nic— r.  Preahdominale,  Rheumatism,  prseabdom- 
inal — r.  d.  l' Uterus,  Metrorrheuma. 

RHUME,  Rheum  —  r.  de  Cerveau,  Coryza  — 
r.  de  Poitrine,  Catarrh. 

RHUS  COPALLINA,  see  Rhus  glabra. 

Rhus  Coria'kiA,  Adu'rion,  Snmach,  Shumach, 
Elm-leaved  Sumach,  (F.)  Sumac  des  Corroy- 
eurs,  Roure.  Ord.  Anacardiace*.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  This  is  the  only  species 
of  the  genus  rhus  that  is  innocent.  Both  the 
leaves  and  berries  have  been  used  as  astringents 
and  tonics. 

Rhus    Glabra,    '  Smooth    Sumach,'     Indige- 


nous, and  ofl5cinal  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States.  An  infusion  of  the  fruit  —  Rhus 
glahruin  [?  ]  — which  is  acid  and  astringent,  has 
been  used  as  a  cooling  drink,  and  as  a  gargle. 
An  infusion  of  the  inner  bark  of  the  root  has  been 
recommended  in  mercurial  ptyalism. 

Rhus  Radi'cans,  R.  vemix.  Poison  vine  (Ame- 
rica). This  plant  is  poisonous  (see  Poisons,  Ta- 
ble of),  and  is  extremely  acrid,  when  applied  to 
the  skin,  producing  erysipelas  and  vesications, 
and  has  been  used,  like  the  next  variety,  in  pa- 
ralysis, and  other  nervous  affections. 

Rhus  Sylvestbis,  Myrica  gale. 

Rhus  Typhi'na,  Stag's  horn  Sumach,  and  Rhus 
Copalli'na,  Mountain  Sumach,  have  similar 
properties. 

Rhus  Toxicoden'dron,  Toxicoden'dron,  Poison 
Oak  {America),  (F.)  Sumac  veneneux.  This  plant 
has  been  used  in  paralytic  afTections  and  cutane- 
ous eruptions.  It  is  poisonous,  like  the  last. 
Dose,  gr.  ss.  to  gr.  iv. 

Rhus  Typhina,  see  Rhus  glabra. 

Rhus  Venena'ta,  Poison  Sumach,  and  Rhus 
Pu'mila,  have  similar  properties. 

Rhus  Vernix,  Rh.  radicans. 

RHYAS,  from  'pttn,  '  I  flow.'  An  ulceration  of 
the  lachrymal  caruncle,  with  a  constant  flow  of 
tears. — Blancard. 

RHYPARIA,  Rupia,  Sordes  primarum  viarum. 

RHYPIA,  Rupia. 

RHYPOS,  Sordes. 

RHYPTICA,  Detergents. 

RHYPTICUS,  Abstergent. 

RHYSIS,  Flux. 

RHYSMUS.  Rhythm. 

RHYSSEMA,  Wrinkle. 

RHYTHM,  Rhythmus,  'pv^jioc,  Rhysmus,  (F.) 
Rhythme,  '  measured  movement.'  The  order  of 
proportion,  as  regards  time,  which  reigns  between 
the  different  movements  of  an  organ  —  as  of  the 
organism  in  health  and  disease.  Thus,  rhythm 
is  applied  to  the  diurnal  variations  of  the  pulse; 
and  to  the  paroxysmal  movements  of  an  inter- 
mittent. 

RHYTHxMICAL,  Periodical. 

Rhythmical  Contractions  of  Muscles  are 
those  that  succeed  one  another  after  regular  in- 
tervals. 

RHYTHMUS,  Rhythm. 

RHYTIDOSIS,  Rutidosis. 

RIB,  Costa — r.  False,  see  Costa  —  r.  Floating, 
see  Costa  —  r.  Sternal,  see  Costa  —  r.  True,  see 
Costa. 

RIBES  GROSSULARIA,  R.  uva  crispa. 

RiBES  Nigrum,  R.  ol'idnm,  Grossula'ria  nigra, 
Cassis,  Black  Currant,  Gazel,  (F.)  Groseillier 
noir.  Ord.  Grossulacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentan- 
dria Monogynia.  The  Vjerries — Black  currants — 
have  been  recommended  in  sore-throat,  as  diu- 
retics. The  leaves  have  been  advised  for  the 
same  purpose.  They  are  chiefly  used  as  preserves. 

RiBES  Olidum,  R.  nigrum  —  r.  Officinale,  R. 
rubrum. 

RiBES  Rtjbrum,  R.  officina'le  seu  vvh/a're, 
Grossula'ria  non  spino'sa  seu  rubra,  Red  cur- 
rant, (F.)  Groseillier  rouge ;  of  which  the  White 
is  only  a  variety.  It  is  cultivated,  and  affords 
an  agreeable  fruit — Red  currants,  (F.)  Groeeilles. 
It  possesses  the  qualities  of  the  subacid  fruits  in 
general,  and  makes  an  excellent  preserve. 

RiBES  Uva  Crispa,  R.  grossula'ria,  Common 
gooseberry.  The  fruit  —  Grossula'ria,  (F.)  Gro- 
seille  a:  maquercau,  Gooseberry,  Feaherry  —  is 
agreeable,  and  makes  a  good  preserve. 

RiBES  VuLGABE,  R.  rubrum. 

RIBGRASS,  Plantas;o  lanceolata. 

RIBS,  NECK  OF  THE,  Collum  costarum  — r. 
Short,  see  Costa. 

RIBWORT,  Plantago  Virginica. 


EICE 


804 


BISUS 


RICE,  Oryza— r.  Disease,  Cholera— r.  Ground, 
see  Oryza — r.  Jelly,  see  Oryza. 

Rice  Water,  see  Oryza.  The  evacuations  of 
cholera  have  been  termed  —  from  their  resem- 
blance to  riee-water  —  '  rice-water  discharges  ;' 
and  in  India,  '  congee  discharges  ;'  —  congee  in 
Hindoostanee  meaning  'rice-water.' 

Rice,  Wild,  Zizania  aquatica.' 

RICHARDSONIA,  see  Ipecacuanha. 

RICHLEAF,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

RICHWEED,  Act»a  racemosa,  Ambrosia  tri- 
fida,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Pilea  pumila. 

RICIX,  Ricinus  communis. 

RICIN0IDE3,  Jatropha  curcas. 

RICINUS  COMMU'NIS,  from  ricinus,  'a 
tick/  which  its  seed  resembles;  Ricinus  viilga'ria 
seu  vir'idis,  Pabna  Christi,  Caicipu'tla  major, 
Fnha  purga'trix,  Cerua,  Kerua,  Cici,  Castor  oil 
plant,  (F.)  Ricin,  Feve  purgntif.  Ord.  Euphor- 
biaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia.  Cas- 
tor-oil seeds,  whence  the  oil  is  obtained,  are  in- 
.odorous;  taste  acrid  and  slightlj' sweetish.  One 
or  two  seeds  —  Sem'ina  Catapu'tim  majo'ris  seu 
Rlc"ini  viilga'ris — will  act  as  a  cathartic  ;  but  the 
oil  is  alone  used.  It  is  obtained  by  bruising  the 
castor-seeds,  previously  decorticated,  and  then 
expressing  the  oil  without  the  application  of  heat. 
Recently-drawn  castor  oil,  Oleum  de  kerva  seu 
Icervi'num,  Alker'va,0.  Ric"ini  seu  Cic"iniim  seu 
PalmtB  liq'uidum  seu  de  Pabna,  Christi, —  in  the 
United  States  often  called  simply  Oil,  (F.)  Hnile 
de  Ricin — is  inodorous  and  nearly  insipid.  It  is 
cathartic,  operating  speedily,  and  may  be  used  in 
all  cases  where  powerfully  stimulatinsc  purgatives 
would  be  injurious.  Dose,  f^j  to  f.^iss.  Hufe- 
land  recommends  that  a  drop  of  croton  oil  shall 
be  added  to  an  ounce  of  the  oil  of  poppy,  and  that 
the  mixture  shall  be  called  O'lemn  Ric"ini  Offi- 
cina'le. 

At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  the  oil  is  obtained 
from  Ricinus  lii-'idus. 

A  variety  of  Ricinus  at  Cape  Yerd  is  employed 
by  the  inhabitants  to  increase  the  secretion  of 
milk.  It  is  applied  in  the  form  of  poultice,  made 
with  the  green  leaves,  to  the  mamma?,  or  of  a 
strong  decoction,  with  which  the  mammae  and 
the  external  parts  of  generation  are  washed. 

Ricinus  Lividus,  see  Ricinus  communis  —  r. 
Major,  Jatropha  curcas — r.  Minor,  Jatropha  ma- 
nihot  —  r.  Yiridis,  R.  communis  —  r.  Vulgaris,  R. 
communis. 

RICK.  Malleolus. 

RICKETS,  Rachitis. 

RICKETY,  Rachitieus. 

RICTUS  LUPOUS,  see  Harelip. 

RIDE.  Wrinkle. 

RfDF,  Wrinkled. 

RIDING  (of  Bones).  Ossivjn  superposit"io, 
(F.)  Chevanchemenf.  Displacement  of  the  frag- 
ments of  a  bone,  chiefly  produced  by  the  contrac- 
tion of  muscles,  which  occasions  shortening  of 
the  limb;  the  fractured  extremities  riding  over 
each  other  instead  of  being  end  to  end. 

Riding-hag.  Incubus. 

RIFE,  (Sax.)  pype,  (Prov.)  Brief.  Prevail- 
ing; as  applied  to  diseases. 

RIFT,  Eructation. 

RIGIDITAS,  Rigidity. 

RiGiDiTAS  ARTicuLo'nuir,  AncyWsis  sjni'ria. 
Stiffness  of  the  joints.     False  ancylosis. 

RIGIDITY,  Rigidity— r.  Cado.virique,  see  Ri- 
gidity. 

RKMjyiTY ,  Rigid'  itas.  from  rigere,  'to  stiffen,' 
{¥.)  Rigidite,  Roidcur,  Raideur.  Great  stiffness 
of  fibre,  or  want  of  suppleness.  The  stiffness 
of  the  dead  body,  Cadav'eric  rigidity,  (F.)  Roideur 
ou  Rigidite  cadaverique,  is  one  of  the  signs  of 
the  cessation  of  life.     It  may  be  removed,  bow- 


ever,  for  a  time,  by  the  injection  into  the  artoriea 
of  oxygenated  defibrinated  blood.  See  Rigor 
mortis. 

RI'GOR,  Rhigos,  Algor,  C<ddness,  Cheim'ia, 
{'E.)  Frisson.  Same  etymon.  Sensation  of  cold, 
with  involuntary  shivering  or  shaking  of  the  whole 
body  : — a  sj'uiptom  of  fever.  A  slighter  degree, 
and  at  times  full  rigor,  is  occasionally  termed  a 
chill,  (Prov.)  cream  ;  frigus  ten'ue,  perfrigera'tio. 

Rigor  Artuum,  Contractura  —  r.  Cadaverosus, 
Rigor  mortis  —  r.  Corporis  mortui.  Rigor  mortis 
— r.  Emortualis,  Rigor  mortis  —  r.  Maxillae  infe- 
rioris.  Trismus. 

Rigor  Mortis,  R.  eor'poris  wor'tui  seu  cada- 
vero'sus  seu  emortua'lis,  Necronarce' ma,  (F.)  Roi- 
deur ou  Raideur  ou  Rigidite  cadaverique.  '  Stiff- 
ness of  death.'  Death  stiffening.  The  rigidity 
of  limbs  that  occurs  on  dissolution.  See  Rigidity. 

Rigor  Nervorum,  Tetanus  —  r.  Nervosus,  Te- 
tanus. 

RIMA,  Schisma,  Schiza ;  'a  fissure,  a  cleft;' 
as  Rima  seu  Ri'mula  Glol'tidis  seu  Laryn'gis,  the 
opening  of  the  glottis.  Rima  seu  R.  magna  vuivsE, 
Intro'itus,  Sinus  vulva,  Scapha,  Scap>hns  seu  Fis- 
su'ra  magna  seu  Scissu'ra  vidvcB,  Schiza,  the 
opening  of  the  vulva.  See  Yulva.  Rima  oris, 
the  oi)ening  of  the  mouth. 

Rima  Canalis  Oebitarii,  Suborbitar  fissure  — 
r.  ad  Infundibulum,  Vulva  cerebri  —  r.  Laryngis, 
Rima  glottidis — r.  Magna  Vulvae,  see  Rima  —  r. 
Oris,  see  Rima — r.  Transversa  Magna  Cerebri,  Fis- 
sure, transverse,  of  the  brain — r.  Vulvae,  see  Rima. 

RIM^,  Rhagades. 

RIMULA  GLOTTIDIS,  Rima  glottidis  —  r. 
Laryngis,  Rima  glottidis. 

RINJJUS,  Compressor  naris. 

RINCHOS,  Rostrum. 

RING,  (Sax.)  hpins,  pins,  (Germ.)  Ring, 
Cricos,  (F.)  Anneau.  A  name  given  to  natural, 
circular,  or  roundish  apertures,  with  muscular  or 
aponeurotic  parietes,  which  serve  for  the  passage 
of  some  vessel  or  canal :  —  as  the  nmhilical  ring, 
inguinal  ring,  &c. 

■rings,  FESTOONED,  Annul!  fibro-cartila- 
ginei — r.  Fibro-cartilaginous,  Annuli  fibro-carti- 
lasinei. 

RING-FINGER,  Annular  finger. 

RINGMAN,  Annular  finger. 

RINGWORM,  Herpes  circinatus  —  r.  of  the 
Scalp,  Porrigo  scutulata  —  r.  Ulcerative,  Herpes 
exedens  —  r.  Vesicular,  Herpes  prseputii. 

RIO  YINAIGRO,  Passambio.  A  stream  of 
some  size  in  New  Grenada,  which  is  strongly  im- 
pregnated with  sulphuric  acid. 

RJRE  ou  RIS,  Risus— )•.  Caniyi,  Canine  laugh 
—  r.  Jfoqueur,  Canine  laugh  —  r.  Sardonien,  Ca- 
nine laugh,  Risus  sardonicus  —  r.  Sardouique, 
Canine  laugh. 

RISAGON,  Cassumuniar. 

RISIGALLUM,  Orpiment. 

RISING,  see  Regurgitation  —  r.  of  the  Lights, 
Cynanche  trachealis. 

Rising  or  Eleva'tion-  of  the  Pulse,  Pulsus 
eleva'tio.  The  pulse  is  said  to  rise,  when  it  be- 
comes more  full  and  frequent,  as  occurs  in  the 
exacerbation  of  acute  diseases. 

RISO'RIUS  NOYQS.  Santorini  gives  this 
name  to  a  portion  of  the  platysma  mj'oides, 
which  passes  from  the  cheek  towards  the  com- 
missure of  the  lips. 

RISSIGALLUM,  Orpiment. 

RISUS,  from  ridere,  visum,  'to  laugh.'  Gelus, 
Laughing,  Laughter,  Laugh,  (F.)  Rire  ou  Ris. 
Au  involuntarj'  movement  of  the  muscles  of  the 
face,  and  of  the  lips  in  particular,  accompanied 
with  a  sonorous  and  interrupted  respiration,  com- 
monly indicating  mirth  and  satisfaction. 

Risus  Apium,  Ranunculus  sceleratus  —  r.  Ca- 
ninus,  Canine  laugh — r.  Involuntarius,  Canine 


RITA-CRISTINA 


8  05 


EOS AGE 


laugh  —  r.  Sardonicus,  Canine  laugh  —  r.  Spasti- 
cus,  Canine  laugh. 

RITA-CRISTINA.  A  celebrated  double  mon- 
ster, born  in  Sardinia,  in  1829.  It  lived  to  be 
nearly  nine  months  old.  Two  distinct  bodies  were 
united  at  the  pelvis.  Below,  the  monster  was  single. 

RIVER  WEED,  Conferva  rivalis. 

RIVINft,  Eructation. 

RIZ,  Oryza. 

ROAN  TREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

ROB,  Rooh,  Rohuh,  Rulioh,  Rohuh,  (F.)  Extrmt 
chs  fruits.  This  word,  of  Arabic  extraction, 
means  the  juice  of  any  fruit  thickened  to  the 
consistence  of  honey  by  evaporation,  before  it 
has  fermented.  The  juice  of  the  grape,  boiled  to 
this  consistence,  was  called  Sapa,  and,  when  not 
quite  so  thick,  Defru'tum. 

Rob  Cynosbatos,  Confeetio  rosse  eaninse — r. 
ex  Moris,  Diamorion — r.  Nucum,  Diacaryon. 

ROBIN-RUN-AAVAY,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

ROBm-RUN-THE-HEDGE,  Galium  aparine. 

ROBIN'IA  AMA'RA,  Orel.  Leguminosa;. 
Sex.  Si/st,  Diadelphia  Dccandria.  The  roots  of 
the  Robinia  amara  of  Cochin  China  are  bitter, 
and  have  been  recommended,  especially  in  that 
country,  in  diarrhoea  and  dyspepsia. 

Robinia  Pseudo-Aca'cia,  Pseiidaca'cia  odo- 
ra'ta,  False  Aca'cia,  Blade  Locust,  Locust-tree ; 
native  of  America.  The  flowers  are  said  to  pos- 
sess antispasmodic  properties,  and  the  bark  of  the 
root  to  be  emetic  and  cathartic. 

ROBORANS,  Corroborant. 

ROBORANTIA,  Tonics. 

ROBUB,  Rob. 

ROCCELIjA,  Lichen  roceella  —  r.  Tinctoria, 
Lichen  roceella. 

ROCHE'S  EMBROCATION  FOR  HOOPING- 
COUGH.  An  empirical  prepnration,  composed 
of  ol.  oliv.  §xvj,  ol.  suechi.  ^viij,  ol.  caryoiih., 
q.  s.  to  scent  it  strongly. 

ROOHER,  see  Temporal  bone. 

ROCHETTA  ALEXANDRINA,  Soda. 

ROCKBRIDGE  ALUM  SPRINGS,  see  Vir- 
ginia, mineral  waters  of. 

ROCKET,  GARDEN,  Brassica  eruca  — r.  Ro- 
man, Erassica  eruca. 

ROCK  ROSE,  Helianthemum  Canadense,  H. 
Corymbosum. 

liOCOU.  Terra  Orleana. 

RODDIKIN,  Abomasus. 

RODBNS,  see  Sorbus  acuparia. 

RODEN-TREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

RODSCHIEDIA  BURSA  PASTORIS,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

ROGNE.  Psora. 

ROIIAB,  Rob. 

ROIIENA  BARK,  Swietenia. 

ROHOB,  Rob. 

ROHUN,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

ROIDEUR,  Rigidity  — r.  Cadaverique,  Rigor 
mortis. 

ROISDORFF,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Alkaline  waters  in  Germany,  which  contain  car- 
bonic acid  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

ROLLER.  Bandage,  Fascia, 

ROMARIN,  Rosmarinus — )•.  des  3Iarais,  Sta- 
tice  limonium  —  r.  Sauvage,  Ledum  sylvestre. 

ROME,  (CLIMATE  OP.)  The  climate  of 
Rome,  as  regards  its  physical  qualities,  is  con- 
sidered to  be  one  of  the  best  in  Italy.  It  is  pe- 
culiarly still;  and,  hence,  has  been  esteemed 
favourable  as  a  winter  climate  in  pulmonary  dis- 
eases, and  for  invalids  generally,  as  it  admits  of 
their  taking  exercise  in  tiie  open  air  at  a  lower 
temperature  than  they  otherwise  could  do.  In 
the  early  stages  of  consumption.  Sir  James  Clark 
generally  found  the  climate  favourable. 

BOMPEURE,  Hernia. 
R03IPT-PIERRE,  Pimpinella  saxifraga. 


RONCE,  Rubus  idseus  — >-.  Bhv.e,  Kubus  cae- 
sius — r.  de  3foiita(/ne,  Kwhns  chu'MUjUiorus  —  r. 
Noire,  Rubus  fruticosus. 

RONCHUS,  Snoring,  Sterto7. 

BOND,  Round  —  r.  Grand,  Teres  major  —  r. 
Petit,  Teres  minor. 

RONE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

RONFLEMENT,  Snoring,  Stertor,  see  Rattle 
—  r.  de  Diahle,  Bruit  de  Bialh. 

RONNACHS,  Triticum  repnrii. 

RONNING,  Rennet. 

ROOB,  Rob. 

ROOF  OF  THE  MOUTH,  Palate. 

ROOM,  Pityriasis. 

ROOT,  Radix  —  r.  Ague,  Aletris  farinosa  —  r. 
Bitter,  Apocynum  androsiieraifolium  —  r.  Canada, 
Asclepias  tuberosa — r.  Colic,  Aletris — r.  Red,  Ce- 
lastrus,  Lachnanthes  tinctoria — r.  Rough,  Liatris. 

Root  of  Scarcity,  Beta  hybrida. 

Root.  Squaw^,  Actcea  racemosa — r.  Sweet,  Aeo- 
rus  calamus  —  r.  Unicorn,  Aletris  farinosa  —  r. 
AVhite,  Ligusticum  acteeofolium — r.  Yellow,  Xan- 
thoriza  apiifolia,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni. 

ROPE,  Nanus. 

Rope  Bark,  Dirca  palustris. 

ROQUETTE,  Brassica  eruca.  Soda. 

RORELLA,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

RORIF'EROUS,  Ror'ifer,  (F.)  Rorifh-e,  from 
ros,  roris,  'dew,'  and/ecre,  'to  carry.'  An  epithet 
given  to  vessels  which  pour  exhaled  fluids  on  tho 
surface  of  organs. 

RoRiPKRons  Duct,  Thoracic  duct. 

ROS,  Sperm — r.  Calabrinus,  Fraxinus  ornus — 
r.  Solis,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

ROSA,  {'iJoSov,)  R.  centifolia  —  r.  Afzeliana,  R. 
canina. 

Rosa  Alba,  R.  nsitntis'sima  seu  Icnenn'llin. 
The  White  Rose,  (F.)  Rosier  hlane.  Ord.  Ro- 
saceaa.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  The 
flowers  of  this  species  possess  similar  but  inferior 
qualities  to  the  damask. 

Rosa  Armata,  R.  canina — r.  Asturica,  see  Pel- 
lagra— r.  Austriaca,  R.  Gallica  —  r.  Calycina,  R. 
canina. 

Rosa  Cani'jja,  R.  sylves'tris  seu  sentico'sa  seu 
Swartzia'na  seu  Afzelia'na  seu  arma'ta  seu  caly- 
ci'ua  seu  rubra  vuhja'ris,  Cynor'rhodon,  Caniru'- 
hus,  Cani'nus  Sentis,  Cynocyt'isiis,  Cynos2}as'tum, 
C'ynos'batos,  Bog  rose.  Wild  Briar,  Hii^  Tree, 
(F.)  Rose  du  chien,  Eglantier  de  chien,  E.  sau- 
voge.  The  fruit  of  this  variety,  called  Ifeps  or 
Hips,  Hops,  (Sc.)  Boghip,  has  a  sourish  taste,  and 
is  formed  into  a  conserve.  See  Confeetio  eynos- 
bati.  It  is  seldom  employed,  except  to  give  form 
to  more  active  remedies;  as  to  pills,  boluses, 
linctuses,  <fcc. 

Rosa  Centifo'lia,  Rosa,  R.  Bamasce'na  seu 
Pal'lida,  Hecatowphyl' la,  Bamask  Rose,  Hun- 
dred leaved  or  Cabbage  rose,  (F.)  Rosier  d  cent 
feuilles,  Rhodoii.  The  petals  of  this  rose  have  an 
extremelj'  fragrant  odour,  and  sub-acidulous  taste. 
They  are  laxative;  but  are  scarcely  used  for  any 
purposes  except  for  the  distillation  of  rose  water, 
Oil  of  Ruses,  Oleum  Rosa,  Attar,  Otto  or  Essence 
of  Roses,  and  the  formation  of  a  syrup. 

Rosa  Damascena,  R.  centifolia. 

Rosa  Gal'lica,  R.  Austriaca  seu  rubra,  Red 
Rose,  (F.)  Rosier  de  Provins.  The  petals  of  this 
varietj'  are  astringent;  and  are  used  in  infusion, 
conserve,  Ac. 

Rosa  Leucantha,  R.  alba — r.  Pallida,  R.  cen- 
tifolia— r.  Rubra,  R.  Gallica — r.  Rubra  vulgaris. 
R.  canina — r.  Saltans,  Essera  —  r.  Sentieosa,  R. 
canina — -r.  Swartziana,  R.  canina  —  r.  Sylvestris, 
R.  canina  —  r.  Usatitissima,  R.  alba. 

ROSACE,  Roseola. 
ROSACEUS,  Rhodinus. 

R OSAGE,  Nerium  oleander,  Rhododendron 
chrysanthemum. 


ROSAGO 


806 


ROTTLERA   TINCTORIA 


Cabbacre,  Rosa   eenti- 


ROSAGO.  Nerium  oleander. 
ROSALIA.  Scarlatina. 
ROSALTiE.  Scarlatina. 
BOSAT,  Rhodinus. 
ROSATUS,  Rhodinus, 
ROSE,  Erysipelas— I 
folia — r.  Campion,  Lychnis  githago — r.  Christmas, 
Helleborus  niger — r.  Corn,  Papaver  rhceas — r.  Da- 
mask, Rosa  centifolia  —  r.  Dog,  Rosa  canina  —  r. 
Dog,  conserve  or  confection   of,  Confectio  rosse 
eaninae. 

BOSE  jDU  OHIEN,  Rosa  canina. 
Rose,  Hundred-leaved,  Rosa  centifolia  —  r. 
Marine,  Rosmarinus. 
Rose  Rash,  Roseola. 

Rose,  Red,  Rosa  Gallica  —  r.  Rock,  Helian- 
themum  Corymbosum. 

ROSE  BE  SIBERIE,  Rhododendron  crysan- 
themum — r.  Spots,  Spots,  red. 
Rose,  White,  Rosa  alba. 
ROSEA,  Rhodia. 

ROSEBALM,  SCARLET,  Monarda  coccinea. 
ROSEBAY,    AMERICAN,     Rhododendron 
maximum. 

ROSE-DROP,  Gutta  rosea. 
BO  SEE  BU  SOLEIL,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 
ROSELLINA,  Roseola. 

ROSEMARY,  Rosmarinus  — r.  Marsh,  Statice 
limonium,  and  S.  Caroliniana  —  r.  AYild,  Erioce- 
phalus  umbellulatus. 

ROSENHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Rosenheim  is  34  miles  S.  E.  from  Miinich,  in 
Bavaria.  The  waters  contain  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen, carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime,  chlo- 
rides of  calcium  and  magnesium,  carbonate  of 
soda,  and  oxide  of  iron.  They  are  used  as  tonics. 
ROSE'OLA,  Exanthe'sis  Boseola,  Bose  Bash, 
(F.)  Boseole,  Eruption  anomale,  Bosace,  Fievre 
rouge,  Ej[fi>oreacence  erysipelateuse,  from  rasa,  '  the 
rose,'  on  account  of  the  colour.  An  eflBorescence 
in  blushing  patches,  gradually  deepening  to  a 
rose-colour,  mostly  circular  or  oval;  often  alter- 
nately fading  and  reviving;  sometimes,  with  a 
colourless  nucleus ;  and  chiefly  on  the  cheeks, 
neck,  or  arms.  It  is  frequently  found,  as  a 
symptom,  in  dentition,  dyspepsia,  rheumatism, 
&c.,  and  is  of  no  consequence.  See  Roseolas, 
Rubeola,  and  Scarlatina. 

Roseola  Acnosa,  Gutta  rosea. 
Roseola  ^sti'va.     The  affection  which  pre- 
vails in  summer.     The    eruption  is  of  a  darker 
colour,  and  is  attended  with  more  itching. 

Roseola  Annul  a'ta.  Characterized  by  patches 
in  the  form  of  rose-coloured  rays,  with  central 
Areas  of  the  colour  of  the  skin. 

Roseola  Ficosa,  Sycosis — r.  Typhosa,  Spots, 
red — r.  Variolosa,  Roseolfe. 

ROSE'OLiE,  Boseola,  Boselli'nn,  Biibe'ola 
spuria.  False  or  French  measles,  (F.)  Boseole, 
Fausse  rougeole.  This  name  is  also  given  by  some 
to  an  acute  exanthem,  midway  between  measles 
and  scarlatina,  and  which  belongs  to  neither  one 
nor  the  other,  as  it  aifords  no  protection  against 
either.  It  is,  also,  termed  Bubeolcs  by  some,  and 
Buhe.'oloid,  a  term,  which  is  applicable  to  any 
eruption  resembling  rubeola.  An  eruption  which 
often  precedes  that  of  small-pox  is  termed  Boseola 
Variolo'sa. 
BOSEOLE,  Roseola,  Roseolse. 
ROSE  PINK,  Chironia  angularis. 
ROSES,  MILK  OF.  A  cosmetic  wash,  formed, 
according  to  one  method,  of  subcarbonate  of  po- 
tass, gr.  vj  ;  oil  of  almonds,  ^j  ;  essence  of  herga- 
mot,  3'j  ;  aqucB  rosce,  ^iij  ;  orange  flower  water, 
,^ij.     Mix. 

ROSE  US,  Rhodinus. 
ROSEWOOD,  Rhodium  lignum. 
ROSEWORT,  Rhodia. 


BOSIER  BLANC,  Rosa  alba— ?•.  d  Cent  feu 
illes,  R.  centifolia  —  r.  de  Provins,  Rosa  Gallica. 
ROSIN,  BLACK,  Colophonia— r.  Brown,  Colo 
phonia. 

Rosin  Weed,  Silphium  laciniatum. 
Rosin,  White,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — r.  Yellow, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

ROSIO  STOMAGHI,  Cardialgia  —  r.  Ventri- 
culi,  Cardialgia. 

ROSMARINUM,  Rosmarinus. 
ROSMARI'NUS,  B.  officina'lis  seu  latifo'liua 
seu  horten'sis,  Alchachil,  Libano'tis  corona'ria, 
Bendrolib'anus,  Bosemary,  (F.)  Bomarin,  Bose 
marine,  Encensier ;  Ord.  Labiatse.  Sex.  Syst. 
Diandria  Monogynia.  The  tops  of  this  plant, 
Bosmarinus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Herba  Anthos,  have  a 
fragrant,  grateful  smell ;  and  an  aromatic,  warm, 
bitterish  taste,  which  is  dependent  upon  an  es- 
sential oil,  combined  with  camphor.  Rosemary 
has  been  recommended  in  nervous  headachs,  in 
the  form  of  infusion.  It  is  now  rarely  used,  ex- 
cept for  its  odour.  The  flower  is  called  Anthos, 
nvvo;.  Its  oil — Oleum  Boamarini  —  is  officinal. 
From  two  to  six  or  ten  drops  are  given  in  nervous 
complaints,  rubbed  up  with  sugar. 

Rosmarinus  Hortensis,  Rosmarinus— r.  Lati- 
folius,  Rosmarinus — r.  Officinalis,  Rosmarinus  — 
r.  Stcechadis  facie,  Teucrium  creticum — r.  Syl- 
vestris, Ledum  sylvestre. 

ROSSALIA,  Scarlatina — r.  Squamosa,  Scarla- 
tina. 

ROSSIGNOL.  A  name  given,  in  France,  to 
an  affection  to  which  pressmen  are  subject.  It 
is  a  sprain,  followed  by  tumefaction  of  the  radio- 
carpal joint. 

ROS'SOLIO,  see  Spirit. 

ROSTRUM,  Bhinchos,  Binchos,  Bnuiphos,  'a 
beak.'  (F.)  Bee.  A  name  given  to  several  old 
forceps,  on  account  of  their  resemblance  to  the 
beaks  of  different  birds.  The  principal  were  the 
Bostrum  corvi'num,  anati'num,  psittaci'num,  vul- 
turi'num,  cyg'neum  seu  olori'num,  grui'num,  lacer- 
ii'nnm,  Ac. 

Rostrum  Externum,  Olecranon — r.  Porcinum, 
Acromion — r.  Posterius,  Olecranon  —  r.  Sphenoi- 
dale, Azyges  processus. 

ROSY    BETTY,    Erigeron    bellidifolium  —  r. 
Bush,  Spiraea  tomentosa — r.  Drop,  Gutta  rosea — 
r.  Whelk,  Gutta  rosea. 
ROT,  Eructation. 
ROT,  Grinders',  Asthma,  grinders'. 
ROT'ACISM,  Botacism'us,  Bottacismus,  Bho- 
tacis'mus,  Psellis'mus  rhotacis'nius,  (F.)  Grasseye- 
ment.     A  vicious  pronunciation   of  the  Greek,  P, 
Bau,  common  in  the  northern  parts  of  England; 
especially    near   Newcastle.      Called,   there,   the 
Burr  or  Biirrh. 

ROTACISMUS,  Grasseyement,  Rotacism. 
ROTA'TOR,  from  rotare,  rotatum,  [rota,  'a 
wheel,')  'to  turn  round,'  (F.)  Bofateur.  A  name 
given  to  several  muscles  that  turn  the  parts  to 
which  they  are  attached  upon  their  axes  ; — such 
as  the  oblique  muscles  of  the  eyes,  the  pronators, 
supinators,  &c. 

Rotator,  Trochanter. 

Rotato'res  Dorsi.  Eleven  small  muscles  on 
each  side  of  the  dorsal  vertebrae,  which  arise  from 
the  point  or  upper  edge  of  each  transverse  pro- 
cess, and  pass  to  the  lower  edge  of  the  arch  of 
the  vertebra  above,  as  far  as  the  base  of  the  trans- 
verse process.  Their  action  is  to  rotate  the  indi- 
vidual vertebras  on  each  other. 

RoTATORES  Femoris,  Obturatores — r.  Oculi, 
Oblique  muscles  of  the  eye. 

ROTCOLL,  Cochlearia  armoracia. 
ROTTACISMUS,  Rotacism. 
ROTTLE'RA  TINCTO'RIA.  A  euphorbiaceous 
plant  of  India.     A  powder  is  attached  to  the  fruit 
capsule  of  this  plant,  which  is  brushed  off  and  col- 


ROTULA 


807 


RUBUS   AFFINIS 


lec'ed  when  the  fruitis  dry.    It  is  called  Kameyla,  II 
iri  used  in  Northern  India  as  a  vermifuge  for  dogs  ; 
jind  has  proved  effectual  against  tapeworm  in  man. 
The  dn?e  is  two  or  three  drachms,  which  purges. 

ROTULA,  Patella,  Trochiscus  — r.  Genu,  Pa- 
tella. 

ROTULAD,  see  Rotular  aspect. 

ROT'ULAR;  from  rotula,  'the  patella.'  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  the  patella. 

Rot'ular  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
side  on  which  the  rotula  is  situated.  —  Barclay. 
Rot'ulad  is  used  by  the  same  writer,  adverbially, 
to  signify  '  towards  the  rotular  aspect.' 

ROTULE,  Patella. 

ROTU'LIAN,  RoUiUa'nns,  (F.)  RoUdien.  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  rotula  or  patella. 

ROTUNDUS,  Round. 

ROVCOU,  Terra  Orleana. 

ROUEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
water,  known  under  the  name,  Ean  dcs  fontaines 
de  la  Ilaregnerie,  is  cold,  and  contains  carbonate 
of  iron,  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime,  chloride 
of  calcium,  Ac.     It  is  tonic. 

ROUGE,  Colcothar  —  r.  d'Ahglelerre,  Colco- 
thar — r.  de  Prusse,  Colcothar  —  r.  dit  Sang,  Has- 
matin. 

ROUGEOLE.  Rubeola  — r.  Fauase,  Roseolse. 

ROUGEURS,  Flush. 

ROUGH  ROOT,  Liatris. 

ROUILLE,  Rubiginous. 

ROVLEiMENT  DU  LAMBEAU,  see  Flap. 

ROUND,  Teres,  Rotnn'dus,  (F.)  Ro„d.  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  many  organs 
whose  fibres  are  collected  in  round  fasciculi.  See 
Teres. 

Round  Foramen,  Fora'men  rotnnd'nm.  A 
foramen  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  a  little  behind  the 
foramen  laeerinn  siiperius,  which  gives  passnge 
to  the  second  branch  of  the  fifth  pair  of  nerves, 
called  superior  maxillary. 

Round  Heart,  Thaspium  atropurpureum. 

Round  Ligaments  op  the  Uterus,  Lifjamen'ta 
rotitiid'a  U'ieri,  (F.)  Cordons  sus-puhiens  (Ch.), 
Cordons  vasciilaires,  Ligaments  ronds  de  I'lit^nts, 
Two  cords,  which  arise  from  the  lateral  and  su- 
perior parts  of  the  uterus,  whence  they  proceed 
towards  the  abdominal  rings,  which  they  pass 
through,  and  terminate  by  vanishing  in  the  areo- 
lar tissue  of  the  groins,  mons  veneris,  and  labia 
majora.  These  cords  are  whitish,  flattened,  and 
narrower  in  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities. 
According  to  Mr.  Rainey,  they  are  composed 
chiefly  of  the  striped  muscular  fibre. 

ROUP,  Cynanche  trachealis,  Raucedo. 

ROURE.  Rhus  coriaria. 

ROUTINE  PRACTITIONER,  Routinist. 

ROUTINIST,  pronounced  routeen'ist  ;  (F.) 
Routinier  ;  from  (F.)  routine,  '  a  regular  habit  or 
practice,  unvaried  by  circumstances.'  One  who 
practises  in  such  an  unvaried  manner:  —  a  ?-om- 
tine  practitioner. 

ROVE,  Scab. 

ROVING,  Delirium. 

ROWLAND'S  SPRINGS,  see  Georgia,  mine- 
ral wnters  of. 

ROWTING.  Snoring. 

RUBBER,  INDIAN,  Caoutchouc. 

RUBBING  SOUND,  Bruit  de  Frottement. 

RUBE'DO,  Rubor,  'redness;'  from  ruhere,  'to 
be  red.'  A  diffused,  but  not  spotted,  redness  on 
any  part  of  the  skin;  like  that  which  arises  frm 
blushing.     Blushing. 

RUBEFA'CIENT,  Erethis'mn,  Erpthis'timm, 
Ruhefa'cicus,  from  ruber,  'red,'  and  facio,  'I 
make.'  (F.)  Rnbefiant.  That  which  produces 
redness.  A  medicine  which  causes  redness  of 
the  skin.     The  action  is  called  Rule/action. 

RUBEFIANT,  Rubefacient, 


RUBE'OLA,  Rubeola  vulga'ris,  from  rubco,  'I 
am  red.'  Rose'olcB,  E.eanthe'sis  Rubeola,  Vetera'- 
na,  Blac'cicB,  FerscE,  BlacticB,  Bovil'lcB,  Morbil'li, 
Scarlati'na  pustulo'sa  seu  milia'ris,  Febris  mor- 
billo'sa.  Typhus  morbillosus,  Phoenicis'mus,  Ec- 
phy'mata,  Measles,  (Sc.)  31irles,  (Prov.)  Crea-i, 
Crewds,  3Talls,  Jlaulcs,  3/easlings,  (F.)  Rongeole, 
Fievre  morbiUeuse.  One  of  the  major  exanthe- 
mata; generally  afTecting  individuals  but  once, 
and  produced  by  specific  contagion.  The  rash 
usually  appears  on  the  fourth,  but  sometimes  on 
the  third,  fifth,  or  sixth  day  of  a  febrile  disorder: 
and,  after  a  continuance  of  four  days,  gradually 
declines  with  the  fever.  The  disease  generally 
commences  from  ten  to  fourteen  days  after  the 
contagion  has  been  received.  The  eruption  first 
shows  itself  in  distinct,  red,  and  nearlj'  circular 
spots,  somewhat  less  than  the  ordinary  areolae  of 
flea-bites.  As  these  increase  in  number,  they 
coalesce;  forming  small  patches  of  an  irregular 
figure,  but  approaching  nearest  to  that  of  semi- 
circles or  crescents.  These  patches  are  inter- 
mixed with  single,  circular  dots  and  with  inter- 
stices of  the  natural  colour  of  the  skin.  On  the 
face  they  are  slightly  raised,  so  as  to  give  the 
sensation  of  inequality  of  surface  to  the  finger 
passed  over  the  cuticle.  The  disappearance  of 
the  eruption  is  followed  b}'  desquamation  of  the 
cuticle.  Measles  is  not  dangerous  of  itself;  but 
it  is  liable  to  induce  pneumonia  in  winter,  and 
dysentery  in  summer,  which  are,  at  times,  very 
fatal.  These  are  apt  to  come  on  at  the  time  of, 
or  soon  after,  the  disappearance  of  the  eruption. 
When  they  supervene,  they  must  be  treated  as 
idiopathic  affections.  It  demands  a  general  anti- 
phlogistic treatment.  Willan  has  pointed  out  a 
Idnd  of  Rubeola  spu'ria,  which  he  calls  Rube- 
ola sine  Cat.\r'rho.  In  this  the  rash  runs  its 
regular  course,  with  little  fever  or  catarrhal  affec- 
tion ;  affording  no  certain  security  against  the 
common  or  regular  disease.  He  also  gives  the 
name.  Rubeola  NiGR.i  or  Black  Measles,  to 
an  unusual  appearance  of  the  measles  about  the 
seventh  or  eighth  day,  when  the  rash  becomes 
suddenly  livid,  with  a  mixture  of  yellow.  It  is 
devoid  of  inconvenience  or  danger;  and  is  re- 
moved in  a  week  or  ten  days  by  the  mineral  acids 
and  tonics. 

Rubeola  Spuria,  Roseolas. 

RUBEOLA,  Roseolas. 

RUBEOLOID,  see  Roseola?. 

RU'BIA,  from  ruber,  '  red.'  7?.  Tincto'rvtn  seu 
peregri'na  seu  sylves'tris  seu  major,  Erythrod'- 
anum.  Radix  rubra,  Dyer's  bladder.  Madder,  (F.) 
Garance.  Family,  Rubiaoeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetran- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  root  of  this  plant — Rubia, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  —  has  a  bitterish,  somewhat  austere, 
taste,  and  a  slight,  not  agreeable,  smell.  They 
were  formerly  considered  deobstruent,  detergent, 
and  diuretic. 

RUBIG"INOUS,  Rubigino'sus.  from  rnbigo, 
rnbiginis,  'rust.'  (F.)  Rouille.  Rusty.  Having 
the  colour  of  rust.  An  epithet  given  to  the  sputa 
in  certain  cases  of  pneumonia. 

RUBINUS  VERUS,  Anthrax. 

RUBOR,  Rubedo. 

RUBRI'CA  FABRI'LIS,  from  ruber,  'red.'  A 
red,  heavy,  earthy  matter,  formerly  employed  for 
making  drying  plasters;  Hard  Ruddle,  Red  Chnlk. 

RuBRiCA  Sinop'ica.  A  heavy,  compact,  red- 
dish earth  :  formerly  used  in  diarrhoea. 

RUBRIN.  Hwmatin. 

RUBUS  AFFINIS,  R.  fruticosus;  allied  to 
ruber,  '  red.' 

RuBUS  Akc'ticuR,  Shrvbby  Strawberry,  Bacccp. 
Norland'iccB.  Ord.  RosaceiB.  Sex.  Syst.  Ico- 
sandria  Polygynia.  The  fruit  is  recommended 
by  Linnasus  as  possessing  antiseptic,  refrigerant, 
and  antiscorbutic  qualities. 


RUCKING 


808 


RUMINATION 


Rdbcs  Batus,  R.  cEesius. 

RuBUS  C^'STUS,  R.  batus,  Deicbei-ri/  plant,  (F.) 
Ronce  bleiie.  The  fruit  resembles  the  blackberry 
in  appearance  and  properties.  The  bark  of  the 
root  of -B.  Trivia'lis  sen  Cnnaden'sis  sen  procnm'- 
beiis  seu  flac/eUa'ris,  American  Dewbe^-ry,  Low 
Btdcl-ben-y,  is  astringent. 

RuBus  Canadensis,  see  R.  eassius. 

RoBUS  Cham.emo'rus,  Cloudberry  Tree,  Cha- 
mcemo'rxiK,  C.  Norxoegica,  Chamcedrys,  Cloud- 
berries, Knot-berries,  (F.)  Ronce  de  Montagne. 
The  ripe  fruit  is  sometimes  prepared  like  a  jam, 
and  used  in  fevers,  &c.,  to  allay  thirst.  It  has 
been  much  extolled  as  an  antiscorbutic. 

RuBDS  Flagellaeis,  see  R.  csesius — r.  Fram- 
boesianus,  R.  idseus  —  r.  Frondosus,  R.  fruti- 
cosus. 

RuBUS  Frutico'sus,  R.  affi'nis  seu  panicula'- 
iits  seu  niger  seu  f rondo' sus  seu  vnlga'ris  ;  Com- 
mon Rramble,  whiah  affords  Blackberries,  (Prov.) 
Rrambleberries,  Bumblehites,  (F.)  Ronce  noire. 
The  berries  are  eaten  as  a  summer  fruit,  of  which 
they  form  a  poor  variety.  The  bark  of  the  root 
of  the  Rubiis  villo' sus,  American  Blackberry,  High 
or  standing  blackberry,  Hairy  American  Bramble, 
is  astringent  and  has  been  used  in  the  last  stages 
of  dysentery,  and  in  cholera  infantum. 

RuBDS  Id.e'us,  R.frambcesia'nus,  Batos;  Rasp- 
berry, (F.)  Framboise,  Ronce.  The  fruit  of  the 
best  varieties  —  (So.)  Rasps,  (Prov.)  Hindberries 

—  is  extremely  agreeable  ;  and  is  much  used.  It 
was,  formerly,  called  Batinon  moron. 

RuBus  Niger,  R.  fruticosus  —  r.  Oceidentalis, 
see  R.  strigosus — r.  Paniculatus,  R.  fruticosus — 
r.  Procumbens,  see  R.  csesius. 

RuBUS  Strigo'scs,  Wild  red  raspberry,  of  tbe 
United  States.  The  leaves  are  often  used  as  a 
mild  astringent,  as  well  as  those  of  Rubus  ocei- 
dentalis, Black  Rasjj'berry. 

RuBus  Trivialis,  see  Rubus  eassius  —  r.  Vil- 
losus,  see  Rubus  fruticosus  —  r.  Vulgaris,  R.  fru- 
ticosus. 

RUCKING,  Eructation. 

RUCTAMEN,  Eructation. 

RUCTATIO,  Eructation. 

RUCTUATIO,  Eructation. 

RUCTUOSITAS,  see  Eructation. 

RECTUS,  Eructation — r.  Acidus,  Oxyregmia 

—  r.  Nidorosus,  Cnissoregmia. 
RUDBECK'IA    LACINIA'TA,    Cone  flower. 

Thimble  weed;  indigenous:  Order,  CompositaB  ; 
is  diuretic,  and  has  been  given  in  nephritic  affec- 
tions. 

RUDDLE,  HARD,  Rubrica  fabrilis. 

RUDIMEN'TAL,  Rudimenta'lis,  (F.)  Rudi- 
mentaire,  trow,  rudimentum,  'the  first  beginning.' 
That  which  is  but  slisrhtly  developed. 

RUDOLPHIA  FRONDOSA,  Butea  frondosa. 

RUE,  Ruta — r.  Common,  Ruta — )•.  de  Chevre, 
Galega  officinalis — r.  Goat's,  Galega  ofBcinalis — 
r.  Goat's,  Virginia,  Galega  Virginiana  —  r.  Mea- 
dow, Thalictron  —  r.  des  3Iurailles,  Asplenium 
ruta  muraria  —  r.  des  Free,  Thalictron — r.  Sau- 
vage,  Ruta. 

RUELLES,  Wrinkles. 

RUFT,  Eructation. 

RUGA,  "Wrinkle. 

RUOINE,  Raspatorium. 

RUGTSSEMBN-T,  Rugitus. 

RUGI'TUS,  Brycheth'mos,  from  rugire,  rugi- 
tiim.  'to  rnar.'  (F.)  Rugissement.  A  Latin  word, 
which  ordinarily  expresses  the  roaring  of  the  lion  : 
and  which  is  used,  by  some  medical  writers,  to 
designate  a  particular  species  of  borborygmus 
compared  to  it. 

RUGOSE,  Wrinkled. 

RUGOUS,  Wrinkled. 

RUM,    Tafia,  Spir'itus  Jamaicen'sis,  Jlolas'ses 


Spirit,  (F.)  Rhum.    A  spirit  distilled  from  sugar, 
or  molasses.     See  Spirit. 

RUMA,  Mamma. 

RUMEN,  Hypo^astrium,  Ingluvies. 

RUMEX  ACETOSELLA,  Sheep  Sorrel,  Field 
Sorrel;  indigenous;   has  similar  virtues. 

RuMEX  AcETo'sus,  R.  tubero'sus  seu  inter- 
me'dius,  Lap'athum  pratense,  Ox'alis  Aeeto'sa, 
Acetosa  vulga'ris  seu  praten'sis  seu  nostras, 
Anax'yris,  A.  arven'sis.  Sour  dock,  Sorrel,  Com- 
mon Sorrel,  (Sc.)  Docken,  (F.)  Oseille,  Vinette, 
Aigrette,  Surelle.  Ord.  Polygonacese.  Sex.  Syst. 
Hexandria  Trigynia.  The  leaves  are  sour,  and 
are  used  in  cookery,  and  also  as  a  refrigerant. 

RuMEX  Acu'tus,  Sharp-jyointed  Wild  dock, 
Oxyla-p'athum,  Lap' athnm,  L.  sylves'tre  seu  acu'- 
tum,  Rumex,  R.  ptaludo' sus  seu  2}usil'lus,  Lap'a- 
thos,  (F.)  Patience  sauvage.  A  decoction  of 
the  root  has  long  been  used  in  cutaneous  affec- 
tions. It  is,  sometimes,  employed  for  the  cure  of 
the  itch. 

Rumex  ^tnensis,  R.  scutatus. 

Rumex  Alpi'nus,  Aeeto'sa  Alpi'na.  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  plant  that  affords  the  Monk's 
Rhubarb,  (F.)  Rhabarbe  des  Uoines.  See  Rumex 
patientia. 

Rumex  Aquaticus,  Rumex  hydrolapathum  — 
r.  Britannica,  Rumex  hydrolapathum  —  r.  Con- 
fertus,  R. patientia — r.  Digynus,  Oxyria  reniformis 
— r.  Glaucus,  R.  scutatus — r.  Hastatus,  R.  scuta- 
tus—  r.  Hastifolius,  R.  Scutatus. 

Rumex  Hydrolap'athum,  Water-Bock,  (Old 
Eng.)  Brokeleak,  Hydrolapathum ,  Rumex  aqiiat'- 
icus  seu  Britan'nica,  Herba  Britan'nica,  Lop'a- 
thuni  aquat'icum,  (F.)  Parelle,  Patience  d'eau. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  subacid,  and  said  to 
be  laxative.  The  root  has  been  used  as  a  tonic, 
astringent,  and  antiscorbutic.  It  has  also  been 
employed  externally  in  some  cutaneous  affections. 

Rumex  Intermepius,  R.  aeetosus. 

Rumex  Obtusifo'lids,  Lap'athum  sylvestre, 
Blunt-leaved  Dock,  Bitter  dock.  The  root  of  this, 
as  well  as  of  R.  Crispus,  Curled,  or  Sour,  or 
Yellow,  has  similar  virtues  to  those  of  the  other 
species.  Both  have  been  used  in  decoction  in  the 
same  cases  as  sarsaparilla. 

Rumex  Oxyotus,  R.  scutatus — r.  Paludosus, 
R.  acutus. 

Rumex  Patien'tia,  R.  confer' tus,  Lajj'athum 
horten'se.  Rhabar'barum  monacho'riim,  Hippolap' - 
athum,  Patien'tia,  Garden  Patience,  Ifonk's  Rhu- 
barb, (F.)  Patience,  Rhubarbe  sauvage,  Parelle. 
This  root,  which  is  supposed  to  possess  the  vir- 
tues of  rhubarb,  but  in  an  inferior  degree,  is,  ac- 
cording to  Linnaeus,  obtained  from  the  Rumex 
patientia ;  according  to  Murray,  from  the  Rumex 
ulpi'nus. 

Rumex  Pusillus,  R.  acutus. 

Rumex  Sanguin'eus.  The  root  of  the  bloody 
dock  or  bloody  veined  Dock,  has  an  austere  and 
astringent  taste ;  and  has  been  employed  in  dys- 
entery. It  is  called,  also,  Lap'athum  sanguin'eum, 
(F.)  Oseille  ou  Patience  Rouge,  Sangdragon. 

Rumex  Scuta'tus,  R.  glaucus  seu  hastirVlius 
seu  .^tnen'sis  seu  oxyotus  seu  hasta'tus,  Aeeto'sa 
rotundifo'lia  seu  Roma'na  seu  Rotundi/olia  hor- 
ten'sis  seu  scuta' ta,  Lap'athum  scuta' turn  seu  ro- 
tundifo'lia, Roman  or  Garden  Sorrel,  Green 
Sauce,  French  Sorrel,  (F.)  Oseille  boucher,  Oseille 
ronde.  Petite  0.  Virtues  the  same  as  those  of 
the  common  sorrel. 

Rumex  Tuberosus,  R.  aeetosus. 

RUMINA'TION,  Rnmina'tio,  from  rwma  or 
rumen,  'the  gullet.'  Merycis'mus.  A  function 
peculiar  to  ruminating  animals,  by  which  they 
chew  a  second  time  the  food  they  have  swal- 
lowed. An  analogous  phenomenon  is  sometimes 
seen  in  man.  One  who  ruminates  is  in  French 
merycole. 


RUMMET 


809 


SABURPvA 


RUMMET,  Pityriasis. 

RUMP,  C'roiipoti  —  r.  Bone,  Coccyx. 

RUNCHES,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

RUNCINA,  RaspatoriucQ. 

RUNCINULA,  Raspatorium. 

RUXKILL,  Wrinkle. 

RUXKLE,  Wrinkle, 

RUXXET,  Rennet. 

RUNNING,  Cursvn,  (F.)  Course.  A  succession 
of  leaps,  executed  with  rapidity,  to  transport  the 
body  quickly  from  one  place  to  another. 

Running,  Rennet. 

RUNSH,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

RUNUNCULA.  Raspatorium. 

RUPES,  Lips  of  the  Vulva.     See  Lip. 

RU'PIA,  Rhypia,  Ulcus  aton'icnm,  Ecphly'sis 
Hhy'pia,  Jifiypa'ria,  from 'pvTTo;,  'filth.'  An  erup- 
tion of  large  flattish  blebs,  which  contain  a  fluid 
—  at  first  serous,  afterwards  puriform,  and  often 
bloody,  which  rapidly  concretes  into  crusts,  at 
the  base  of  which  are  ulcers  of  variable  depths. 

It  requires  the  use  of  tonics  internallj',  and  of 
stimulating  ointments  externally. 

ROPIA  EschAROT'icA,  Pem'pMgus  infan'tilis 
seu  (jangrcBno'sns ;  known  in  Ireland  under  the 
names — lohite  blisters,  eating  hive  and  burnt  holes. 
An  affection,  which  bears  a  close  siiiiihirity  to 
pemphigus,  particularly  in  the  absence  of  a 
thick  rugous  crust,  whilst  in  its  chief  feature, 
that  of  ulceration,  it  evidently  belongs  to  Rupia. 

RUPTIBILITAS,  Fragilitas. 

RUPTIO,  Rhexis. 

RUPTORIUM,  Cauterium  — r.  Commune,  Po- 
tassa  fusa. 

RUPTURA,  Ecrexis,  Hernia,  Laceration, 
Rhexis — r.  Corneas,  Ceratorrhexis  —  r.  Herniosa, 
Hernia — r.  Ovarii,  Oariorrhexis — r.  Uteri,  Uterus, 
rupture  of  the  —  r.  Vaginae,  Colporrhexis. 

RUPTURE,  Hernia,  Rhexis  — r.  du  Coeur, 
Cardiorrhexis  —  r.  of  the  Groin,  Bubonocele  —  r. 
cle  la  JIafriee,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the — -r.  "Wort, 
Herniaria  glabra. 

RUPTURED,  see  Hernial. 

RUSCUS,  i?.  acnlea'tus,  Bruscita,  Oxymyr'- 
rhine,  Oxymyr'sine,  Jfyrtacan'thn,  Catan'gelos, 
Jfyaean'tha,  Sco'jiia  re'gia.  Wild  Myrtle,  C'entro- 
myr'ine.  Butcher's  Broom,  (Prov.)  Knee-holly,  (F.) 
Petit  houx,  Fragon.  Orel.  Saiilacese.  »SV.<;.  Syst. 
Dioecia  Monadelphia.  The  root  has  been  recom- 
mended as  an  aperient  and  diuretic. 

Ruscus  AcuLEATUs,  Ruscus. 


]|  Ruscus  Hypoglos'sum,  Uvula'ria,  Hypoglos- 
sum,  Hippjogloss' um,  Bislin'gua,  Bonifu'eia,  Lau- 
rus  Alexandri' na  angnstifo  lia,  (F.)  Laurier  Alex- 
andrin,  Laiigue  de  cheval.  Formerly  used  against 
relaxed  uvula. 

RUSH,  SWEET,  Acorus  calamus,  Juncus  odo- 
ratus. 

RUSMA,  see  Orpiment. 

RUSPINFS  STYPTIC,  see  Styptic,  Ruspini's. 

Rdspi'ni's  Tincture  for  the  Teeth.  An  etn- 
pirical  preparation,  composed  of  Florentine  orris 
Iviij,  cloves  5j,  rectified  sp)irit  Oij,  ambergris  ^j. 

RUT,  Heat. 

RUTA,  'pvrri,  R.  grnv'eolens  seu  horten'sis  seu 
al'tera,  Peg' anum,  Besn'sa,  Common  Rue,  (F.)  Rue, 
Rhue,  Rue  sauvagc,  Herbe  de  grace  ;  Ord.  Ruta- 
ceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia.  The 
plant  has  a  strong,  ungrateful  odour,  and  bitter 
pungent  taste.  It  is  acrid,  so  as  to  blister  the 
skin.  Its  properties  are  reputed  to  be  tonic, 
stimulant,  antispasmodic,  and  emmenagogue. 
Dose,  gr.  XV  to  9ij-  The  leaves  are  officinal  — 
Ruta.    (Ph.  U.  S.) 

Oleum  RutcB,  distilled  Oil  of  Rue,  is  antispas- 
modic; and,  externally,  rubefacient.  Dose,  gtt. 
ij  to  vj. 

PvUTA  Altera,  Ruta — r.  Capraria,  Galega  offi- 
cinalis— r.  Graveolens,  Ruta — r.  Ilortensis,  Ruta 
— r.  Muraria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

RUTABULUM,  Penis. 

RUTA'CEUM,from/?»/T,  'rue.'  Vinegar  of  rue. 

RUTIDOMA,  see  Rutidosis. 

RUTIDO'SIS,  Rytidn'sis,  Rhytido'sis,  from 
pvTiboui,  'I  wrinkle.'  The  act  of  wrinkling;  as 
Rntido'ma  means  a  shrivelled  or  wrinkled  body, 
A  destruction  or  atrophy  of  the  eye.  Corruga- 
tion and  subsidence  of  the  cornea. 

RUYSCHIA'NA  TU'NICA,  (F.)  Lame  ou 
Membratie  Ruyschienne.  According  to  Ruysch, 
and  the  greater  part  of  his  disciples,  the  choroid 
coat  of  the  eye  is  formed  of  two  laminae.  His 
son  gave  to  the  inner  the  name  Tunica  Ruyschi- 
a'nn  or  Jlembra'na  Ruyschia'na  seu  Ruysch'ii. 

Tu'nica  Cellulo'sa  Ruyschia'na  is  the  areolar 
substance  under  the  peritoneal  covering  of  the 
stomach.  It  is  not  numbered  among  the  coats 
of  that  organ. 

RYE,  Secale — r.  Horned,  Ergot  —  r.  Robbin's, 
Polytrichura  juniperinum  —  r.  Spurred,  Ergot. 

RYTIDOSIS,  Rutidosis, 

RYTIS,  Wrinkle, 


s. 


S.  A.  &c.,  see  Abbreviation. 

SAAG,  Urine. 

SABADILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla,  see  Vera- 
trina. 

SABADILLIN,  see  Veratrina. 

SABATILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

SABBATIA,  Chironia  angularis — s.  Angularis, 
Chironia  angularis. 

SABINA,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SABIXE,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SABLE,  3faculo'sus,  'sanded,'  from  sabulum, 
'sand.'  Having  the  appearance  as  if  strewed 
with  sand.  The  terms  sable  and  piquete  are 
sometimes  applied  to  the  brain,  when  a  slice  of 
it  exhibits  red  points  as  if  it  had  been  strewed 
with  red  sand.  Such  is  the  case  in  cerebral  hy- 
peremia. 


SABOT  BE  VENUS  JAUNE,  Cypripedium 
luteum. 

SABUCUS,  Sambucus. 

SAB'ULOUS,  Sabulo'suf,  Areno'sus,  Psammo'- 
des,  from  sabnlum,  'sand.'  The  sandy  deposit 
often  seen  in  the  urine. 

SABULUM  CONARII,  see  Pineal  gland, 

SABURA,  Saburra. 

SABUR'RA,  Sabu.'ra,  Sordes.  This  word  sig- 
nifies, by  derivation,  'coarse  sand,  or  ballast.'  In 
its  common  acceptation,  it  means  y'o»/»ps«  of  the 
stomach,  as  it  is  sometimes  called; — vitiated  mat- 
ters supposed  to  be  retained  and  accumulated  in 
the  stomach — the  result  of  imperfect  digestion — 
and  which  have  been  sometimes  considered  as  a 
morbid  product  of  the  mucous  secretion  of  that 
organ,  or  of  the  biliary  secretion  ;  at  others,  as  a 
residuum  from  alimentary  substances   badly  di- 


SABURRAL 


810 


SACCULUS 


gested.  The  Sahnrral  state,  Oollu'vies  gas'tn'ca, 
Crudita'tes  ventric'uU,  Gastris'mus,  (F.)  Emharras 
gastrique,  Etat  saburral,  is  an  accumulation  of 
saburra3  in  the  stomach,  (F.)  Sahurres  gastriqnes, 
which  the  Humourists  considered  to  be  the  cause 
of  a  number  of  diseases. 

Saburra  Verminosa,  Helminthiasis. 
SABUR'RAL,  Saburra'lis.    Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  saburrse, — as  the  'saburral  state.' 
SABURRATIO,  Arenatio. 
SABURRES  GASTRIQUES,  see  Saburra. 
SAC,  see  Sack  —  s.  Herniaire,  Hernial  sac  — 
s.  of  the  Omentum,  see  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic. 
SACCADE,  see  Respiration,  jerking. 
SACCATUS,  Encysted. 
SACCHAR,  Saccharum^ 
SACCHARHYDROLE,  Syrup, 
SACCHARI  F^X,  Melasses. 
SACCHARINA,  Saccharoles. 
SAOCHARO-ALCOOLE,  Ratafia. 
SACCHAROLE  LIQUIDE,  Mellitum.  Syrup 
—  s.  3Iou,  Conserva,  Electuarium  —  s.  Solide,  see 
Pastel,  and  Tabella. 

SACCHAROLES  (F.),  Saccliari'na,  from  sac- 
charum,  'sugar.'  A  name  given  by  MM.  Henry 
and  G-uibourt  to  medicines  which  have  sugar  or 
honey  for  excipient,  or  fur  predominant  principle. 
M.  Beral  so  calls  an  exact  mixture  of  pulverized 
sugar  with  other  substances  also  in  powder,  but 
in  less  quantity. 

SACCHAROM'ETER,      (F.)      Sacchammetre, 
Pese-sirop,  from  saccharum,  'sugar,' 
A~li  and  fitrpov,   'measure.'      A    hydro- 

ill  meter  adapted  for  determining  the 
density  of  syrups.  The  marginal 
figure  is  graduated  to  Baum6's  scale. 
See  Areometer. 

SACCHAROMYCES,  Torula  ce- 
ll        revisiae. 

SACCHARORRHCEA,     Glycyr- 
;,,         rhoea  —  s.  Cutanea,  Sudor  dulcis. 
i^  Saccharorrhce'a  Lac'tea,  Ga- 

lactorrhos'a   saccharn'ta.     A   secre- 
tion of  unusually  sweet  milk. 

Saccharorrhcea  Pqlmona'lis, 
Sputum  dulce  seu  sacchara'tum.  The 
copious  expectoration  of  unusually 
sweet  matter  from  the  lungs. 

Saccharorrhcea  Urinosa,  Dia- 
betes mellitus. 

SACCHARUM,  Sacclmr,  caKX"?, 
from  Arabic,  or  rather  Sanscrit,  Sa- 
kar,  'white  earth;'  Suchar,  Succhar, 
Sutter,  Zuchf.n;  Za'caro,  As'sakur, 
Ticjaln,  Zac'charnm,  Zozar,  Zu'cha- 
rum,  Zuc' carttm,  Zuclira,  Mel  arun- 
dina'ceum,  Sugar,  (F.)  Sucre.  The 
produce  of  the  juice  of  Sac'charum 
officina'rxun  seu  officinale  of  Lin- 
naeus, Cal'amus  In'dicus  seu  Saecha- 
ri'nns,  Sugar  Cane,  (F.)  Canne.  cl 
Sucre.  CannameUe ;  Arun'do  sac- 
Saccharometcr.  charif'era  of  Sloane ;  Ord.  Grami- 
nea; ;  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Digynia, 
and  also  of  the  beet,  maple,  &e. 

True  Sugars  are  those  with  which  alcoholic 
fermentation  may  be  effected,  by  the  addition  of 
yeast  and  water.     They  are  : — 


iipecie 


Varieties. 


.  I  Hard  sugar  of  the  cane,  maple,  beet, 

I      chestnut,  &c. 

„  f  Liquid  sugar,   sugar  of  malt,  of  the 

I      sweet  potato,  melasses,  honey,  &o. 

2  j  Hard  sugar  of  the  grape,  ripe  fruits, 

I      starch,  diabetes,  &c. 

4 Hard  sugar  of  the  mushroom. 


Imperfect  sugars  are  those  in  which  alcoholic 
fermentation  cannot  be  effected  by  means  of  yeast 
and  water. 

Species.  Varieties. 

1 Manna. 

2 Sugar  of  Milk. 

,3 Sugar  of  jelly  or  glue. 

4 Liquorice. 

5 Picromel. 

Sugar  is  prepared  from  the  expressed  juice  of 
the  sugar-cane,  boiled  with  the  addition  of  quick- 
lime or  common  vegetable  alkali.  It  is  used,  in 
pharmacy,  for  the  preparation  of  syrups,  con- 
serves, lozenges,  &c.  It  is  nutritious,  and  is  em- 
ployed as  an  aliment,  and  as  a  eutrophic  demul- 
cent and  antiseptic.  Dissolved  in  small  quantities 
in  water,  as  in  tea,  it  is  apt  to  disagree  with  dys- 
peptics ;  an  evil  which  does  not  always  occur 
when  the  same  substance  is  taken  more  largely. 

Liver  or  Hepat'ic  Sugar,  (F.)  Sucre  du  Foie, 
has  been  recently  found  to  be  a  normal  secretion 
of  the  liver.  It  is  more  readily  assimilated  than 
other  varieties  of  sugar.     See  Glucose. 

SACCHARDir  AcER'NUJr,  S.  Canaden'se,  Maple 
Sugar,  is  often  used  as  a  demulcent. 

SAC'CHABUir  Album,  S.  pnrifica'tnm,  Saccha- 
rum. (Ph.  U.  S.),  Sal  Indus,  White  Sugar,  Refined 
Sugar  is  the  Loaf  Sugar.  Double-refined  Sugar 
has  been  called  Tabanet. 

Saccharum  Aluminatum.  Equal  parts  of 
white  sugar  and  alum,  powdered.  Used  as  a 
styptic. 

Saccharum  Can'didum,  S.  candum  seu  cantum 
seu  canthuni,  Al'phenie,  Nabot,  Sugar  candy,  Su- 
gar candian,  (F.)  Sucre  Candi,  is  the  crystallized 
juice  of  the  cane. 

Saccharum  Candum,  S.  Candidum — s.  Cantirm, 
S.  Candidum — s.  Canthum,  S.  Candidum  —  s. 
Commune,  Saccharum  non-purificatum. 

Saccharum  llonnK x't:vii, Barley  Sugar.CProv.) 
Sugar  barley,  Penides,  Penid'ium,  Sac'charum 
jicnid'ium,  is  a  variety  of  sugar  candy. 

Saccharum  Lactis,  Sugar  of  milk. 

Saccharum  Nom-Purifica'tum,  Muscova'do, 
raw,  brown  or  moist  sugar,  is  the  S.  eommu'ne, 
S.  rubrum,  3Iel  canncB,  or  coarse  sugar. 

Saccharum  Officinarum,  see  Saccharum  —  s. 
Penidium,  Hordeatum  —  s.  Rosaceum,  Confectio 
rosse  gallicas  —  s.  Saturni,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

SACCHARURE,  from  saccharum,  'sugar.'  A 
medicine  resulting  from  the  intimate  union  of 
sugar  with  the  medicinal  principles  of  alcohol  or 
ethereal  tinctures.  — Beral. 

SACCULATED,  Encysted. 

SACCULATUS,  Encysted. 

SACCULI  ADIPOSI,  Fatty  vesicles  — s.  Cha- 
licophori,  see  Lacunse  of  Bone — s.  Laryngei,  Ven- 
tricles of  the  larynx. 

Sac'culi  Medicina'les.  Bags  containing  me- 
dicinal substances. 

Sacculi  Medullares,  see  Medullary  mem- 
brane. 

SACCULUS,  diminutive  of  saccus,  'a  little 
sac'  This  name  has  been  given  to  two  sacs 
formed  by  the  membranous  vestibule,  which  open 
into  each  other,  and  contain  the  otolithes  and 
otoconies :  one  of  these  is  termed  the  sacculus 
vestib'uli,  the  other  sacculus.  See  Semicircular 
canals. 

Sacculus,  Marsupion  —  s.  Cephalicus,  Cucu- 
pha  —  s.  Chylifer  seu  rorifer,  Receptaculum  chyli 
— s.  Cordis,  Pericardium — s.  Ellipticus,  see  Semi- 
circular canals  —  s.  Lactiferus,  see  Lactiferous 
vessels. 

Sac'culus   Laryn'gis.     A   caecal   pouch,    of 
variable  size,  formed  by  the  mucous  membrane 
I  in  the  ventricles  of  the  larynx. — Hilton. 


SACCU3 


811 


SACROLUMBAR 


S  iccrLTTS  Medicixalis,  Pulvinar  medicatum 
— i.  Sphericus,  see  Semicircular  c-anals— s.  Vesi- 
cal, see  Bladder,  sacculated  —  s.  Testibuli,  Semi- 
circular canals,  see  Saeculus. 

SACCUS,  Sac  —  s.  Coli,  Caecum  —  s.  Cordis, 
Pericardium — s.  Herniosus,  Hernial  sac — s.  Epi- 
ploieus,  Epiploon  —  s.  Intestini  crassi,  Caecum  — 
s.  Lacrymalis,  Lachrymal  sac  —  s.  Lacrumalis, 
Lachrymal  sac  —  s.  Lacteus,  Receptaculum  chyli 
—  s.  ilucosus,  see  Bursse  mucosae  —  s.  Peritonsei 
retro-ventricularis,  see  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic 
— s.  Pleuras,  Pleura — s.  Yenarum  cavarum.  Sinus 
dexter  cordis  —  s.  Yenarum  pulmonalium,  Sinus 
pulmonalis. 

SACEPl,  Sacral  — s.  Ignis,  Herpes  zoster  — s. 
Morbus,  Epilepsy  —  s.  Musculus,  Transversalis 
dorsi. 

SACERDOTTS  PEXIS,  Arum  maculatum.        , 

SACHET  (F.),  Sae' cuius,  'a  little  sac'  A 
small  bag  containing  perfumes  to  be  placed  among 
clothes  to  communicate  to  them  an  agreeable 
odour.  The  following  is  a  formula  for  the  pow- 
der they  contain.  Puicdered  cloves  and  poicdered 
cassia,  each  one  ounce;  poicdered  orris  root,  an 
ounce  and  a  half;  powd.ered  yellow  sandal  icood, 
one  drachm;  otto  of  roses,  twenty-four  drops;  oil 
of  lavender,  oil  of  hergarnot,  each  one  drachm ; 
musk,  six  grains.     A  scent-bag. 

SACK,  (F.)  Sec,  'dry.'  A  dry  wine  used  by 
our  ancestors;  Vin  sec.     VTohahly  Sherry. 

Sack,  Saecus,  Secluso'riumj  Sax.  rac.  A  bag 
or  pouch. 

Sack,  Her'>'IAL,  Saecus  Jiernio'sns,  (F.)  Sac 
Tieniiaire.  An  envelope  or  pouch,  formed  by  the 
serous  membrane  of  the  cavity,  whence  a  viseus 
has  escaped.  We  distinguish,  in  a  hernial  sac, 
its  orifice  or  the  opening  by  which  it  communi- 
cates with  the  great  cavity  lined  by  the  serous 
membrane :  its  cervix  or  }!ect,  (F.)  Collet,  the 
narrow  portion  on  the  outside  of  the  orifice, 
where  strangulation  sometimes  occurs  :  the  hody, 
(F.)  Corps,  which  is  the  round  prominent  part; 
and  the  fundus  or  bottom,  —  the  part  opposite  to 
the  orifice. 

Sack  Posset;  from  sacJc,  'the  wine,'  and  pos- 
set. A  posset  made  of  sack,  milk  and  other  in- 
gredients. 

Sack,  SERors.  The  shut  cavity  formed  by 
any  serous  membrane,  as  by  the  pleura  or  perito- 
neum. 

Sack  Whet,  Wine  Whey, 

SACRA D,  see  Sacral  aspect. 

SACRA  FISTULA,  Vertebral  column. 

SACRAL,  Sacer,  (F.)  Sacre.  That  which  be- 
longs or  relates  to  the  sacrum.  A  name  given  to 
several  parts. 

Sacral  Arteries  are  distinguished  into,  1. 
The  anterior  or  middle  sacral.  Median  Artery  of 
the  Sacrum  of  Chaussier,  which  arises  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta,  in  front  of 
the  4th  lumbar  vertebra.  It  descends,  in  a  ser- 
pentine manner,  upon  the  sacro-vertebral  articu- 
lation, and  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  sacrum. 
It  furnishes  many  lateral  branches,  which  unite 
with  the  lateral  sacral  arteries,  and  enter  the  an- 
terior sacral  foramina,  to  be  distributed  to  the 
membranes  of  the  marrow,  &c.  2.  The  lateral 
sacral  arteries,  which  are  two  in  number ;  one  on 
eaoh  side.  They  arise  from  the  hypogastric,  from 
the  ilio-lumbar,  or  from  the  gluteal;  and  descend 
before  the  anterior  sacral  foramina,  anastomosing 
in  an  arched  manner,  towards  the  coccyx,  with 
the  middle  sacral.  They  give  off  external  and 
posterior  branches,  which  enter  the  sacral  fora- 
mina ;  and  internal  branches,  which  are  distri- 
buted to  the  pyramidalis,  sacrum,  &c. 

Sacral  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  region 
where  the  sacrum  is  situated. — Barclay.     Saerad 


is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to  signify 
'towards  the  sacral  aspect.' 

Sacral  Extrejiities.     The  lower  limbs. 

Sacral  Grootes,  (F.)  Gouttieres  sacrees.  Two 
longitudinal  excavations,  slightly  marked,  at  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum  ;  which  appear  to 
terminate  the  vertebral  grooves  or  gutters. 

Sacral  Serves,  (F.)  Xerfs  sacres,  are  gene- 
rally six  in  number.  They  arise  from  the  termi- 
nation of  the  spinal  marrow.  The  first,  united 
with  the  great  cord  which  descends  from  the 
lumbar  plexus,  concurs  with  the  three  others  in 
the  formation  of  the  sacral  or  sciatic  plexus.  The 
third  and  fourth,  with  branches  of  the  great 
sympathetic,  from  the  hypogastric  plexus.  The 
fifth  and  sixth  (cocryrje'al  nerve)  are  distributed 
to  the  isehio-cocoygeus  muscle,  and  to  the  sphinc- 
ter and  levator  ani. 

Sacral  Plexus,  Sciat'ic  plexus,  —  the  sacral 
portion  of  the  crural  plexus  of  Chaussier,  con- 
stituted as  just  mentioned,  is  situate  in  front  of 
the  pyramidalis.  It  gives  off,  backwards,  two 
branches,  called  the  pudic,  (F.j  honteux,  and  the 
lesser  sciatic.  It  terminates  in  the  great  sciatic 
nerve.        ^ 

SACRE,  Sacral. 

SACRO,  in  composition,  relating  or  belonging 
to  the  sacrum. 

SACROCOCCTGE'AL,  Sacro-coccygc'us.  Re- 
lating to  the  sacrum  and  coccyx. 

Sacrococcyge'al  Articcla'tion  is  that  of 
the  lower  extremity  of  the  sacrum  with  the  su- 
perior/aee»e  of  the  coccj-x.  It  is  closed  bj'  two 
ligaments;  —  an  anterior  and  a  j/osterior  sacro- 
coccygeal. 

SACROCOSTALIS,  Sacro-lumbalis— *.  Femo- 
rod,  Glutgeus  major. 

SACROCOXAL'GIA,  from  sacro,  coxa,  'the 
hip,'  and  aXyog,  'pain:'  a  hybrid  term.  Some 
authors  have  called  thus  a  rheumatic  affection  of 
the  sacro-iliac  symphysis. 

SACROIL'IAC,  Sacro-ili'acus.  That  -which 
relates  to  the  sacrum  and  ilium. 

Sacroiliac  Articula'tiox,  Sym'phtsis  or 
Syxchosdro'siS,  Ilio-sacral  articula'tion,  sym- 
physis or  synchondrosis,  is  the  nnion  of  two  sur- 
faces; —  two  inclined  planes,  broader  above  than 
below;  one  formed  by  the  sacrum,  the  other  by 
the  ilium.  Both  surfaces  are  incrusted  by  an 
articular  cartilage.  The  bands  which  strengthen 
them  are  the  two  saero  -  sciatic  ligaments,  the 
sacrospinal,  a  sacro-iliac  ligament,  and  some  ir- 
regular fibres.  The  sacro-iliac  ligament  is  a  very 
thick  assemblage  of  short,  dense,  irregular  fibres, 
occupying  the  space  which  the  sacrum  and  ilium 
leave  between  them,  behind  their  articular  sur- 
face. Some  authors  have  termed  some  irregular 
fibres,  situate  in  front  of  the  sacro-iliac  articula- 
tion, anterior  sacro-iliac  ligaments,  in  opposition 
to  the  preceding  fasciae,  which  they  caXl  'jjosterior 
sacro-iliac. 

SACROiSCHIATICUS,  Sacro-sciatic. 

SACROLOMBAIRE,  Sacro-lumbalis. 

SACROLUM'BAR,-S'ac;-o-?Hm6r,7(s,,SV(cro-7om- 
baire.  That  which  belongs  to  the  sacrum  and 
loins. 

Sacrolttjibae,  Sacro-lumba'lis,  Sacro-himba'- 
ris  Muscle,  Saero-costa'lis,  Dorso-trache' linn  rior- 
tion  of  the  Sacrospinal  of  Chaussier,  (¥.)  Lombo- 
costo-trachelien,  Sacro-lombaire,  is  seated  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  trunk  ;  is  thick  and  triangu- 
lar below;  flat  and  thin  in  the  remainder,  and 
terminates  in  a  point  at  its  upper  extremity.  It 
is  attached  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum; 
to  the  corresponding  portion  of  the  crista  ilii;  to 
the  extremities  of  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
lumbar  vertebrae  ;  to  the  angles  of  the  eleven  in- 
ferior ribs;  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  first,  and  the 


SACROSCIATIC 


812 


SAGITTAL 


posterior  tubercle  of  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  last  five  cervical  vertebra.  The  sacro-lum- 
balis  straightens  the  vertebral  column  when  bent 
forwards,  and  maintains  it  straight.  By  means 
of  its  insertion  into  the  ribs,  it  can  elevate  or  de- 
press these  bones,  according  as  it  contracts  from 
above  to  below,  or  from  below  to  above.  It  acts, 
consequently,  sometimes  as  an  inspiratory,  at 
others  as  an  expiratory  muscle. 

From  six  or  eight  of  the  lower  ribs  arises  an 
equal  number  of  fleshy  portions,  which  terminate 
at  the  inner  side  of  this  muscle,  and  are  called 
ILts'odi  Accessor'ii  seu  Additamen'tum  ad  Sacro- 
luniha'lem,  (P.)  Acccssoires  du  Sacro-lomhaire. 

From  the  upper  part  of  the  saoro-lumbalis,  a 
fleshy  slip,  called  Cervica'lii  descen'dens,  C'ervi- 
culis  descendens  Diemerhroeck'ii,  Transversa' lis 
coUatera'lis  colli,  Accesso'riiis  ad  Sacro-lumba- 
lem,  (F.)  Transversnire  grele,  runs  up,  to  be  fixed 
to  the  transverse  processes  of  the  fourth,  fifth, 
and  sixth  cervical  vertebrse,  by  three  distinct 
tendons.  These  last  parts,  though  separated  by 
'  some  anatomists,  belong  to  the  sacro-lumbalis. 
SACROSCIAT'IC,  Sacro-ischiat' icus.  That 
•which  belongs  to  the  sacrum  and  ischium. 

Sacrosciatic  Ligaments  are  two  ligaments, 
which  assist  in  securing  the  sacro-iliac  articula- 
tion. The  great  or  posterior  sacrosciatic  liga- 
ment extends  from  the  crista  ilii  and  the  sides 
of  the  sacrum  and  coccyx  to  the  tuberosity  of  the 
ischium.  The  less  or  anterior  sacrosciatic  liga- 
ment arises  from  the  same  point,  and  terminates 
in  the  spine  of  the  ischium. 

SACROSPINAL,  Dorso-trachelian  portion  of 
the  sacro-lumbnlis. 

SACROSPINA'LIS.  That  which  relates  to 
the  sacrum  and  spine.  Under  this  name-,  Chaus- 
sier  describes  the  sacro-lumbalis,  longissimus 
dorsi,  transversalis,  transverso-spinalis.  and  in- 
tertransversalis  muscles.  He  divides  it  into  three 
portions.  ^ 

SA  Cli  OTRO CHA NTERTEN,  Pyramidalis. 
S  A  C  R  OVB  R  T '  E  B  R  A  L,  Sacro-vertebra'lis. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sacrum  and  the  ver- 
tebrae. 

Sacrotertebral  AuTicuLATiOf  is  the  junc- 
tion of  the  last  vertebrte  of  the  loins  with  the 
sacrum.  The  angle  which  these  two  bones  form 
at  the  anterior  part  has  been  called  the  Prom'on- 
tory  of  the  Sacrum,  or  the  Saero-vertehral  Angle. 
Sacrovertebral  Ligament  is  a  strong  ligu- 
ment,  which  passes  from  the  anterior  part  of  each 
of  the  transverse  processes  of  the  last  lumbar 
vertebra  to  be  attached  to  the  base  of  the  sacrum. 
Its  use  is  to  maintain  the  articulation  of  those 
two  bones  in  sitn. 

SACRUM,  Os  sacrum  seu  hasila're  seu  Alagas 
seu  latum  seu  chin'inm,  Lus,  Luz,  Ver'tehra 
magna,  Alhagiazi,  Hi'eron  ost'eon,  Clunis,  Sub- 
ver'febra,  Subver'tehrum,  Vet'ula;  from  sacer, 
'sacred;'  because  it  contributes  to  protect  the 
genital  organs,  which  were  considered  sacred,  or 
because  it  was  ofi'ered  in  sacrifice.  The  bone, 
which  forms  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis,  and 
is  a  continuation  of  the  vertebral  column.  The 
sacrum  is  symmetrical  and  triangular,  situate  at 
the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis,  and  concave  an- 
teriorly. It  has, — 1.  A  pelvic  or  anterior  surface, 
which  corresponds  to  the  pelvic  cavity,  and  has 
four  transverse  furrows,  that  point  out  the  parts 
where  the  primitive  portions  of  the  bone  were 
separated  from  each  other.  On  each  side  there 
are  four  foramina,  called  anterior  sacral;  these 
are  oblique,  and  decrease  in  size,  from  above 
downwards.  Through  them  pass  the  anterior 
branches  of  the  sacral  nerves.  2.  A  sjjinal  or 
posterior  surface,  which  is  convex,  rough,  and 
covered  by  muscles.  Upon  the  median  line  are 
four  horizontal,  tubercular  eminences,  forming  a 


continuation  of  the  spinous  processes  of  the  ver- 
tebras ;  and  below,  a  triangular  notch,  where  the 
sacral  canal  terminates.  On  each  side  of  the  sur- 
face are  four  foramina,  called  posterior  sacral, 
which  are  smaller  than  the  anterior,  and  give 
passage  to  the  posterior  branches  of  the  sacral 
nerves.  3.  The  vertebral  surface  or  base.  Its 
greatest  extent  is  transversely.  It  is  articulated 
with  the  last  lumbar  vertebra.  On  it  is  seen  the 
orifice  of  the  sacral  canal,  of  a  triangular  shape, 
which  decreases  in  width  from  above  downward ; 
terminates  the  vertebral  canal ;  is  lined  by  a  pro- 
longation of  the  cerebral  membranes;  contains 
the  fasciculi  of  the  sacral  nerves  ;  communicates, 
externally,  by  the  sacral  foramina ;  and  termi- 
nates at  the  triangular  notch  on  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  bone.  At  the  sides  of  the  upper 
orifice  of  the  sacral  canal  are  two  articular  pro- 
cesses, which  receive  the  articular  processes  of 
the  last  lumbar  vertebra.  The  projection,  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  base  of  the  sacrum  with  the 
liist  lumbar  vertebra,  is  called  the  Prom'ontory, 
Promonto'rium  Ossis  Sacri,  Great  Angle  of  the 
Sacruni  or  Sacro-vertebral  Angle.  4.  A  coccygeal 
face  or  apex,  (F.)  Face  coccygienne  ou  Somniet, 
which  is  very  narrow,  and  is  articulated  with  the 
coccyx.  5.  Two  lateral  margins,  which  have, 
above,  a  broad,  oblique  surface,  articulated  with 
the  ilium. 

The  sacrum  is  developed  by  30  to  36  points  of 
ossification. 

SADDLE,  TURKISH,  Sella  Turcica. 
S^PES,  Sepes. 

SAFFLOW,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
SAFFLOWER,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
SAFFRON,    Crocus  — s.   Bastard,  Carthamus 
tinctorius  —  s.  Dyers',  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
Saffron  Flower,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
Saffron,  Meadow,  Colchicum  autumnale. 
SAFRAN  BaTARD,  Carthamus    tinctorius, 
Colchicum    autumnale  —  s.  des    Indes,    Curcuma 
longa —  8.  de  3[ars  aperitif,  Ferri  subcarbonas — 
s.  de  3fars    astringent,    Colcothar — s.  des  Pres, 
Colchicum    autumnale  —  s.  Racine    de,  Curcuma 
longa. 

SAFRANUM,  Carthamus  tinetorius. 
SAFRE,  Smalt. 
SAGA,  Sago. 

SAGAPE'NUM,  Sag'apin,  Serapi'non,  (P.) 
Gomme  seraphique.  A  gum-resin,  supposed  to 
be  obtained  from  the  Fer'ula  Per'sica.  Ord. 
Umbellifera3.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
Its  odour  is  fetid  and  alliaceous ;  taste  pungent, 
bitterish,  nauseous.  It  is  in  small,  agglutinated 
masses  of  a  yellow  colour;  tenacious;  breaking 
with  a  horny  fracture.  It  is  a  reputed  antispas- 
modic and  eramenagogue.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  Zss. 
SAGAPIN,  Sagapenum. 

SAGE,  Salvia  —  s.  Indian,  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum  —  s.  Jerusalem,  Pulmonaria. 
Sage  Tree,  Lantana. 
Sage,  Wild,  Salvia  Africana,  S.  Lyrata. 
SAGE-FEiMME,  Midwife. 
SAGENA,  Epiploon. 

SAG  ESSE  EES  CHIRURGIENS,  Sisym, 
brium  Sophia. 

SAGIMEN  VITRI,  Soda,  subearbonate  of. 
SAGIT'TAL,     Sagitta'lis,     Sagitta'tus,     from 
sagitta,  '  an  arrow.' 

Sagittal  Furrow,  Sagittal  Groove,  (P.)  Gout- 
tiere  sagittate,  is  a  channel  on  the  median  line  of 
the  inner  surface  of  the  skull-cap.  It  is  exca- 
vated in  the  os  frontis,  in  the  two  parietal  and 
occipital  bones,  and  extends  from  the  crista  galli 
to  the  internal  occipital  protuberance.  It  lodges 
the  longitudinal  sinus,  which  has  been  called  the 
sagittal  sinus. 

Sagittal  Suture,  ObelcB'a  sutu'ra  seu  Raphe, 
Sutura    Virya'ta    seu    juga'lis    seu    RabdoVdes, 


SAGITTARIA   VARIABILIS        813 


SAL 


Rhnhdoi'des,  Bhahdo'des,  Rhahdo'ideus  seu  Bi- 
parieta'Us  seu  Iiiterparieta'lis.  The  suture  which 
unites  the  two  parietal  bones,  and  which  extends, 
from  before  to  behind,  on  the  median  line,  from 
the  coronal  suture  to  the  lambdoidal.  It  is  so 
called,  from  sagitta,  'an  arrow,'  because  it  seems 
to  meet  the  coronal  suture  as  an  arrow  meets  the 
string  of  a  bow. 

SAGITTA'RIA  VARIAB'ILIS.  From  sa- 
gitta,  'an  arrow,'  owing  to  the  prevalent  form  of 
the  leaves.  Arrowhead,  Arrowhnf,  Arrow  loeed, 
Wapafa  of  Oregon;  Nat.  Ord.  Alismacese.  Escu- 
lent, yielding  fecula  like  arrow-root.  The  roots 
are  cooling  and  sub-astringent,  and  are  at  times 
applied  to  the  feet  in  cases  of  yaws  and  dropsical 
swellings  of  the  legs.  The  leaves  are  applied  to 
the  breasts  to  dispel  milk. 

SAGITTA '  RIUM  ALEXIPHAR'  MACUM, 
3falac'ccB  radix,  Ganna  In'dieu,  Arim'do  Indica. 
A  root  cultivated  in  the  West  Indies,  and  sup- 
posed to  be  a  remedy  for  wounds  by  poisoned 
arrows. 

SAGITTATUS,  Sagittal. 

SAG-0,  S'lgns,  Saga,  Sagii,  Segx,  Am'ijlani  pnl- 
ma'ceum,  (F.)  Sngon,  Sagne.  A  fecula,  obtained 
from  the  pith  of  the  Sagus  rumph'ii,  Cycas  circi- 
na'lis,  0.  revolu'ta,  &c.,  growing  in  the  Moluccas, 
Philippine  Isles,  <fee.,  and  which  is  brought  to  us 
in  small  grains.  The  same  substance  is,  also, 
obtained  from  the  West  Indies,  but  it  is  inferior 
to  that  from  the  East.  By  boiling  in  water  or 
milk,  sago  becomes  soft  and  transparent,  and 
forms  an  agreeable  and  nutritious  food  in  febrile, 
calculous,  and  other  disorders.  It  is  made  pala- 
table by  sugar,  lemon-juice,  or  wine,  where  the 
last  is  not  contra-indicated. 

To  make  sago  into  a  proper  mucilage  for  the 
sick,  a  tablespoonful  of  it  should  be  macerated 
in  a  pint  of  water  for  two  hours,  and  then  boiled 
for  fifteen  minutes,  stirring  assiduouslj'.  Care 
must  be  taken,  that  the  grains  are  perfectly  dis- 
solved by  long  boiling  and  constant  stirring. 

Sago  posset  is  made  by  putting  sago,  ,^ij,  into 
water,  Oij  ;  boiling  until  the  mucilage  is  formed  : 
then  rubbing  sugar,  ^ss,  on  the  rind  of  a  lemon, 
and  putting  it  with  tincture  of  ginger,  f,^j,  into 
sherry,  Oss  ;  adding  this  mixture  to  the  mucilage, 
and  boiling  for  live  minutes. — It  is  a  good  resto- 
rative. 

Sago,  French,  see  Solanum  tuberosum,  and 
Arrow-root,  common  —  s.  Portland  Island,  see 
Arum  maculatum. 

SAOOU,  Sago. 

SAGU,  Sago. 

SAGUE,  Sago  —  s.  Petit,  see  Solanum  tube- 
rosum. 

SAGUERUS  GOMUTO,  see  Toddy  — s. 
Ruraphii,  see  Toddy — s.  Saceharifer,  see  Toddy. 

SAGUS,  Sago  —  s.  Rumphii,  see  Sago. 

SAHARA,  Insomnia. 

SAIDSGHtJTZ  WATER,  Seidschiitz  water. 

SAIGN^E,  Blood-letting— s.  Spoliativc,  Spo- 
liativa  phlebotomia. 

.S'^  IGNEMENT  D  U  NEZ,  Epistaxis. 

SAILORS,  DISEASES,  <fcc.,  OF.  Sailors,  by 
nature  of  their  occupation,  are  liable  to  many 
diseases.  Several  of  these  may,  however,  be 
warded  off  by  proper  attention  to  cleanliness  and 
ventilation. 

SAIN  BOTS,  Daphne  gnidium  — s.  Doux, 
Adeps  prseparatus. 

SAINT  AMAND,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Sulphuretted  waters,  in  the  department  of  Du 
Nord,  France.  They  contain  carbonic  and  snl- 
phohydric  acids.  The  Bone  or  deposit  contains 
sulphohydric  acid,  and  salts  of  iron  and  magne- 
sia.    Temperature,  64°  to  82°  Fahr. 

SAINT  ANTHONY'S  FIRE,  Ervsipelas. 

SAINT  AUGUSTINE,  CLIMATE  OF.     This 


sea-port  of  Florida  is  a  frequent  retreat  during 
the  winter  season  for  the  valetudinarian  from  the 
more  northern  parts  of  the  United  States.  The 
climate  is  certainly  comparatively  mild  and  equa- 
ble; but  it  is  liable  to  frequent  north-east  storms. 
There  are  only  a  few  days,  however,  in  winter, 
in  which  the  invalid  cannot  take  exercise  in  the 
open  air.  Tampa  Bay,  and  Pensacola,  in  Florida, 
and  Mobile,  in  Alabama,  which  are  sometimes 
visited  by  the  consumptive,  are  le.ss  liable  to  the 
storms  in  question. 

SAINT  CATHERINE'S  SPRINGS,  see  Cana- 
da, Mineral  waters  of. 

SAINT  CHARLES'S  ROOT,  Carlo  Sancto 
(Radix). 

SAINT  CROIX,  Santa  Cruz. 

SAINT  JAMES'S  WORT,  Senecio  Jacobsea, 
Thlaspi  bursa. 

SAINT  JOHN'S  DANCE,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

—  St.  John's  Wort,  Hypericum  perforatum. 
SAINT  KITTS,  see  West  Indies. 

SAINT  LEONARD'S,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
place,  which  is  situate  about  a  mile  to  the  west- 
ward of  Hastings,  in  Sussex",  England,  is  less  shel- 
tered than  it,  and  is  therefore  a  less  favourable 
retreat,  during  the  winter  months,  for  the  phthi- 
sical valetudinarian. 

SAINT  MYON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Some  cold,  acidulous  waters  at  Saint  Myon,  near 
Riom,  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-Dome.  They 
contain  free  carbonic  acid,  subearbonate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  carbonate  and  sulphate 
of  lime. 

SAINT  NECTAIRE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Springs  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-D6me, 
France.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  bicarbonate 
of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium.  Temperature, 
75°  to  103°  Fahr. 

SAINT  PARDAUX,  MINERAL  AVATERS 
OF.  Chalybeate  springs  in  the  department  (jf  Al- 
lier,  France.  They  contain  carbonic  acid  and  iron. 

SAINT  SAUVEUR,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Sulphurous  waters  in  the  department  of 
Ilautes-Pyrenees,  France.  Temperature,  76°  to 
93°  Fahr. 

SAINT  VINCENT'S,  see  West  Indies. 

SAINT  VITUS'S  DANCE,  Chorea,  see  Ma- 
nia, dancing  —  s.  Vitus's  Dance  of  the  Voice, 
Balbuties. 

SAIR,  Ulcer. 

SAIRE,  Essera. 

SAL,  Salt — s.  Absinthii,  Potassas  subcarbonas, 
see  Potash  —  s.  Acetosellse,  Potass,  oxalate  of  — 
s.  Acetosus  ammoniacalis.  Liquor  ammonia;  ace- 
tatis — s.  Acidum  benzoes,  Benjamin — s.  Aeratus, 
see  Potassaa  carbonas — s.  Albus,  Soda,  muriate  of 
— s.  Alembroth,  Alembroth  salt — s.  Alkali,  Soda, 
subearbonate  of— s.  Alkalinus  fixus  fossilis.  Soda 
— s.  Amarum,  Magnesife  sulphas — s.  Ammoniac, 
volatile,  Ammonias  carbonas — s.  Ammoniacum, 
Ammonife  murias  —  s.  Ammoniacum  martiale, 
Fcrrura  ammoniatum — ?.  Ammoniacum  secretum 
Glauberi,  Ammonite  sulphas  —  s.  Ammoniacum 
tartareura,  Ammonise  tartras  —  s.  Ammoniacum 
vegetabile.  Liquor  animoniae  acetatis — s.  Ammo- 
niacus  nitrosus.  Ammonia;  nitras  —  s.  Ammoniaj, 
Ammonia;  murias  — s.  Anglicanum,  Magnesise 
sulphas — s.  Antiepilepticus  of  Weissman,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum  —  s.  Antimonii,  Antimonium  tarta- 
rizatum — s.  Animoniiicum,  Ammoniae  murias — s. 
Armoniacum,  Ammoniae  murias — s.  Artis,  Alem- 
broth salt — s.  Asphaltitis,  Bit  noben — s.  Cathar- 
ticus  amarus.  Magnesias  sulphas  —  s.  Cathnrticus 
Glauberi,  Soda,  sulphate  of — s.  Communis,  vSoda, 
muriate  of — s.  Cornu  cervi  volatile,  Ammoniae 
carbonas— s.  Culinaris,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Di- 
gestivus  Sylvii,  Potassae  murias  —  s.  Diureticns, 
Potass£e  acetas  —  s.  de  Duobus,  Potassfe  sulphas 

—  s.  Ebsdamense,  Magnesise  sulphas  —  s.  Enix- 


SALAAM  CONVULSION 


814 


SALIVARY 


um,  Potassas  supersulphas — s.  Epsomensis,  Mag- 
nesiEe  sulphas  — s.  Essentiale  Benzoes,  Benjamin 

—  s.  Essentiale  corticis  Peruvian!,  Quinine — s. 
Febrifugus  of  Lemery,  Potassse  supersulphas — s. 
Febrifugus  Sylvii,  Potass83  murias  —  s.  Fontium, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Fossilis,  Soda,  muriate  of — 
s.  Fuliginis,  Ammonias  carbonas  —  s.  Gemmae, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Herbarum,  Potassse  subcar- 
bonas  —  s.  Indus,  Saccbnrura  album  —  s.  Lixivi- 
osutn,  see  Lixivium  —  s.  Lueidum,  Soda,  muriate 
(if — s.  Marinus,  Soda.,  muriate  of — s.  Martis, 
Ferri  sulphas — s.  Martis  Muriaticum  sublima- 
tum,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — s.  Mirabile  perlatum. 
Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  Mirabilis  Glauberi,  Soda, 
sulphate  of — s.  Muriaticum  baroticum.  Baryta, 
muriate  of — s.  Nitrum,  Potassse  nitras  —  s.  Os- 
sium,  Ammonise  carbonas  —  s.  Panchrestum,  Po- 
tassas  tartras — s.  Petrse,  Potassae  nitras — s.  Tar- 
tarum,  Potassfe  subcarbonas — s.  Plumbi,  Plumbi 
superacetas — ^s.  Polyohrestus,  Potassse  sulphas — 
s.  Polyohrestus  Glaseri,  PotassEe  sulphas  cum 
sulphure  —  s.  Polychrestum  Seignetti,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of — s.  Prunellag,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sul- 
phaiis  paucillo  mixtus — s.  Rupellensis,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of —  s.  Sapienti33,  Alembroth  salt,  Potassse 
sulphas  —  s.  Saturni,  Plumbi  superacetas  —  s. 
Seientise,  Alembroth  salt  —  s.  Secretus  Glauberi, 
Ammonias  sulphas — s.  Sedativus  Hombergi,  Bo- 
racic  acid  —  s.  Sedlicensis,  Magnesias  sulphas  — 
s.  Seignetti,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Sennerti,  Po- 
tassse acetas  —  s.  Seydschiitzense,  Magnesise  sul- 
phas—  s.  Sodae,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  So- 
domonus.  Bit  noben  —  s.  Succini,  Succinic  acid 

—  s.  Tartari,  Potassas  subcarbonas,  see  Potash  — 
s.  Tartari  essentiale.  Tartaric  acid  —  s.  Tartari 
sulphuratura,  Potassse  sulphas  —  s.  Urinse,  Mi- 
crocosmicum  Sal — s.  Urinosum,  Urea  —  s.  Vege- 
tabilis,  Potassse  tartras — s.  Vitas,  Alembroth  salt 

—  s.  Vitrioli,  Zinci  sulphas  —  s.  Vitrioli  narcoti- 
cura,  Boracic  acid  —  s.  Volatile,  Ammonise  car- 
bonas, Spiritus  ammoniaj  aromaticus  —  s.  Vola- 
tile Benzoes,  Benjamin — s.  Volatile  boracis,  Bo- 
racic acid — s.  Volatile  oleosum  Sylvii,  Spiritus 
nmmoniae  aromaticus  —  s.  Volatile  succini,  Suc- 
cinic acid — s.  Volatilis  sails  ammoniaci,  Am- 
monise carbonas  —  s.  Vomitorium  vitrioli,  Zinci 
sulphas. 

SALAAM  CONVULSIOI^f,  see  Convulsion, 
Salaam. 

SALAB,  Salep. 

SALACITAS,  Satyriasis  —  s.  Vulvee,  Nym- 
phomania. 

SALAD,  CORN,  Valeriana  dentata. 

SALAP,  Salep. 

SALCOMBE,  (CLIMATE  OF.)    A  small  place 

—  the  Montpelier  of  Iluxha.m  —  which  is  one  of 
the  warmest  spots  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  England, 
and,  therefore,  in  this  respect  adapted  for  the 
phthisical  invalid  as  a  winter  retreat. 

SALEP,  Snloop'  (so  pronounced.)  Salab,  Sa- 
lap.  The  prepared  bulb  of  the  Orchis  mas'cxda 
and  other  species  of  Orchis.  The  salep  of  Cach- 
inere  is  from  a  species  of  Eulojih'ia.  Salep  is  in 
small,  irregular,  hard  masses.  In  its  composition 
in  relation  to  water,  it  is  closely  analogous  to 
tragacanth.  It  is  possessed  of  similar  virtues 
with  sago,  tapioca,  &c.  The  mucilage  is  prepared 
by  dissolving  the  powdered  salep  in  hot  water, 
with  assiduous  stirring,  and  adding  to  the  solu- 
tion sugar  and  milk. 

Salep,  Otaheite,  Arrow-root,(Tahiti). 

SALER'NUM,  (SCHOOL  OF.)  An  ancient 
school  of  medicine  at  Salerno  in  Italy.  It  was 
established  by  Charlemagne,  in  802;  and  was  the 
first  Christian  university  at  which  medicine  was 
taught.  It  was  much  celebrated,  especially  in 
the  12th  century.  The  work  on  hygiene,  "Be 
Conservandd  Vale.tudine,"  which  bears  its  name, 
ba<3  passed   through   several  editions  in  various 


languages.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  written 
by  John  of  Milan,  in  1100,  and  is  in  Leonine 
verses. 

SALICARIA,  Lythrum  salicaria. 

SALICINE,  see  Salix. 

SALICORNIA  ARABICA,  Ac,  see  Soda. 

SALINE',  Sali'nua,  Salina'ciu-i,  Salinac"idu8, 
Sali'Uis,  Salsus,  Hali'nus,  Hcdmy'rus,  'a'Spii'iiui, 
Halico'des,  Srdi'nniis,  from  sal.  That  which  eon- 
tains  a  salt,  or  has  the  properties  of  a  salt. 

Saline  Draught  or  Mixture.  This  may  be 
made  as  follows: — Potass,  carbon.  Qjj  odd.  citric. 
seu  tartar,  gr.  xv  seu  svcc.  Union,  recent.  3ss, 
aqum  f^  viij,  sT/rxp.  cujusvis  ^j.  M.  Given  in  di- 
vided doses  as  a  febrifuge. 

Saline  Effervescing  Draught  or  Mixture 
is  made  by  adding  a  due  proportion  of  either  of 
the  acids  above  mentioned,  or  of  lemon-juice,  to 
the  proper  proportion  of  the  carbonate  of  soda  or 
potassa.  About  25  grains  of  the  acid  saturate 
30  grains  of  the  carbonate.     See  Powders,  soda. 

SALINES,  see  Kentucky,  mineral  waters  of. 

SALINOUS,  Saline. 

SALIS  AMiMONIACI  FLORES,  Ammonise 
carbonas. 

SALITIO,  Leap. 

SALITUS,  Saline. 

SALIUM,  Saliva. 

SALIUNCA,  Valeriana  Celtica. 

SALI'VA,  Si'alon,  Si'elon,  Sialo'ma,  Ptysma, 
Pty'alon,  Pty'elon,  Su'lium,  Spuia'men,  Sputa- 
men' turn,  Sputum,  Spittle,  (Old.  Eng.)  Spaid, 
(Prov.)  Spoat.  An  inodorous,  insipid,  transpa- 
rent, slightly  viscid  fluid  ;  secreted  by  the  parotid, 
submaxillary  and  sublingual  glands,  and  poured 
into  the  mouth  by  the  ducts  of  Steno,  Wharton, 
and  Rivinus;  the  use  of  which  is  to  mix  with  the 
alimentary  bolus,  and  to  serve  in  the  process  of 
digestion.  It  is  composed,  according  to  Berzelius, 
of  992-2  parts  of  water,  2-9  of  a  particular  ani- 
mal matter,  soluble  in  water,  and  insoluble  in  al- 
cohol, pty'alin,  princip'inm  saliva'le,  mate'ria 
siali'na,  Cu'sein  of  the  sali'va,  Sal'ivary  alhu'- 
nieii,  of  1'4  of  mucus,  1'7  of  chlorides  of  potas- 
sium and  sodium,  0'9  of  lactate  of  soda  and  ani- 
mal matter,  and  0*2  of  soda. 

SALIViE  FLUXUS  CIBO  VISO,  see  Saliva- 
tion. 

SALTVAIRE,  Anthemis  pyrethrum,  Salivary. 

SALIVA  L,  Salivary. 

SALIVANS,  Sialagogue. 

SALFVANT,  Sialagogue. 

SALIVARIS,  Salivary  — s.  Herba,  Anthemis 
pyrethrum. 

SAL'IVARY,  Scdiva'rius,  Saliva'ris,  Salivo'- 
S1IS,  Sali'val,  Sali'vous,  from  saliva,  (F.)  Salivaire, 
That  vrhich  belongs  to  the  saliva. 

Salivary  Albumen,  see  Saliva — s.  Calculi,  see 
Calculi,  salivary. 

Salivary  Fis'tuLjE,  Syalosyrin'gea,  are  such 
as  depend  upon  an  accidental  opening  into  the 
excretory  ducts  of  the  salivary  glands.  FistulsB 
are  most  commonly  met  vrith  in  the  duct  of  Steno. 

Salivary  Glands,  Secreting  organs  of  the 
saliva,  Salival  glands,  are  situate  symmetrically, 
to  the  number  of  four,  on  each  side  of  the  face. 
Their  form  is  very  irregular,  and  their  extent 
varies  according  to  individuals.  Their  excretory 
ducts  —  Ductus  Saliva'rii,  (F.)  Canaux  ou  Con- 
duits salivai res— carry  the  saliva  directly  into  the 
mouth,  without  pouring  it  into  any  intermediate 
reservoir,  as  happens  in  the  case  of  some  of  the 
other  glands.  'The  salivary  glands  have  been 
distinguished  into, — 1.  The  parotid ;  2.  The  sub- 
maxillary; 3.  The  sublingual  ;  and  4.  The  intra- 
lingual  or  lingual,  seated  at  the  inferior  surface 
of  the  tongue,  where  the  mucous  membrane  forms 
a  fringed  fold. 


SALIVATIO 


815 


SALT 


SALIVATIO,  Salivation— s.  Mercurialis,  Sali- 
vation, mercurial. 

SALIVA'TION,  Saliva'tio,  S.  cal'icki,  EpipV- 
ora  ptyalis'inus,  Siali's'mtis,  Sputum  Oris,  Si'ol'- 
nchiis,  S'ielismoi!,  Siahrrhce'a,  Sialoze'mia,  Ptya- 
lin'mus,  Pty'alism,  Fluxna  sali'va.,  (¥.)  Flux  de 
BoH<ihe,  Flux  salivaire,  Ptyalisme ;  from  Saliva. 
A  superabundant  secretion  of  saliva;  occasioned 
either  locally,  by  the  use  of  irritating  masticatories, 
or  under  the  influence  of  some  cause  which  acts  on 
the  whole  economy,  and  especially  of  mercurial 
preparations.  In  this  last  ease  it  is  accompanied 
by  a  coppery  taste  in  the  mouth,  by  swelling  of 
the  gums,  and  sometimes  by  looseness  of  the 
teeth.  Salivation  may  usually  be  diminished  by 
the  use  of  astringents,  laxatives,  <fec. 

Ptyalismna  acu'tus  sympnthet'icus,  SalivoB  fluxiis 
cibo  viso,  Mouth  watering,  the  increased  flow  of 
saliva  produced  by  the  sight,  smell,  or  thought 
of  agreeable  food,  is  a  species  of  ptyalism,  as  well 
as  the  Ptyalismus  acutus  melli'tus,  Apoceno'sis 
ptyalis'mns  m-ellitus,  Dulce'do  Sputato'rum,  or 
Sweet  spittle.  In  this,  the  saliva  has  a  sweet  or 
mucilaginous  taste. 

Salivation,  Mercu'rial,  Saliva'tio  mercti- 
ria'lis,  Sialoze'mia  seu  Pfyalis'mus  mercuria'Us, 
P.  hydrargyra'tus,  (F.)  Ptyalisme  mercuriel.  Sali- 
vation mereurielle.  Salivation  produced  by  mer- 
cury. The  stomatitis  that  accompanies  it  is 
termed  mercurial,  Hydrar'gyro-stomati'tis,  (F.) 
Stomatite  mereurielle. 

SALIVATION  3IEECURIELLE, ^aXixAWon, 
mercurial. 

SALIVATUM,  Sialagogue. 
SALIVOSUS,  Salivary. 
SALTVOUS,  Salivary. 

SALIX.  The  Willow,  I'tea,  (Prov.)  Sally, 
Sally-withy,  (Sc.)  Snuch,^  Sough,  Will'tn,  (F.) 
Snule.  A  genus  of  plants  in  the  Linnsean  system. 
Old.  Salieacea;. 

Salix  FRAG"rLlS,  <S'.  pen'dula  seu  decip'iens 
seu  amygdali'na  seu  persicifo'lin  seu  Russelia'na 
seu  pippoph' aefolia  seu  Trevira'nii,  or  Crack  wil- 
low (Ph.  D.)  Salix  Alba,  S.  ceeru'lea  seu  vitel- 
li'na,  or  White  willow  (Ph.  D.  and  Ph.  U.  S.),  (F.) 
Osier.  Salix  Latifo'lia,  or  broad-leaved  wil- 
low. Salix  Ca'prea,  S.  Sphacela'ta  seu  tomen- 
to'sa,  or  Great  round-leaved  willow  (Ph.  L.) 
Salix  Pentan'dria  seu  Hermaphrodit'ica. 
Salix  Hu'milis,  Low  bush  willow.  Speckled 
■willow.  Salix  Vitdli'na,  Salix  Erioceph'ala. 
The  bark  of  each  of  these  has  a  slightly  aro- 
matic odour,  and  a  bitter  astringent  taste,  which 
is  nearly  the  same  in  all  the  species.  It  is  tonic 
and  astringent,  and  has  been  used  in  intermit- 
tents,  and  in  cases  of  dyspepsia,  worms,  &o.  The 
active  principle  has  been  separated,  and  called 
Sal'icine.  It  has  been  found  in  about  fourteen 
species  of  salix  and  eight  species  of  Populus  ;  is 
like  the  quinia  in  medicinal  efBcacy.  Dose,  ^j  to 
_^j  of  the  powder.  Dose  of  Salicine  from  4  to  6 
grains. 

Salix  ^gyptiaca,  Calaf. 
SALLENDERS,  Malandria, 
SALLTS.  Adeps. 
SALLOW,  Lurid. 
SALLY,  Salix. 
SALLY-WITHY,  Salix. 
SALMIAC,  Ammoniae  murias. 
SALOOP,  Salep,     Also,  sassafras  tea  flavored 
with  milk  and  sugar.     Under  this  name  a  tea  is 
sold  in  the  streets  of  London  which  consists  of 
an  infusion  of  the  wood  of  Laurus  Sassafras  with 
ihe  addition  of  milk  and  sugar — Sas'safras  Tea. 
SALPETRA,    Potassae    nitras,  Soda,    nitrate 
of. 

SALPINGEMPHRAX'TS,  from  (ra^^rty^,  ca\- 
'T'yyos,  'a  tube,'  and  cfiippa^ii,  'obstruction.'    Ob- 


struction of  the  Eustachian  tube ;  —  a  cause  of 
deafness. 

SALPINGI'TIS,  from  (ra\riy^,  aaXniyyo?,  'a 
tube,' and  iVi's,  '  denoting  inflammation.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  Eustachian  tube. 

SALPINGOCYE'SIS,  Pamcye'sis  tuha'ria, 
Gravid'itas  tuha'ria,  frovo.  (raX;rtyf,  aaXiriyyog,  'a 
tube  or  trumpet,'  and  Kvrjtns,  '  pregnancy.'  Tubal 
pregnancy. — See  Pregnancy,  tubal. 

SALphvGO.VALLEEJW  Tensor  tympani. 
SALPIXGOPHARYNG^'US,  from  ca\ziy^, 
cra'X-iyyoi,  '  a  trumpet,' and  (papvy^,  'the  pharynx.' 
Valsalva  and  Douglas  have  given  this  name  to  a 
bundle  of  fibres,  which  passes  from  the  Eustachian 
tube  to  the  pharynx. 

SALPINGOSTAP H YL INUS,  Circumflex 
muscles — s.  StaphvHnus  internus.  Levator  palati. 
SALPINGOSTENOCIIO'RIA,  from  au\-iy^, 
aaXTziyyo;,  'a  tube,'  (jrevo;,  'narrow,'  and  X'^P") 
'space.'  Narrowness  or  stricture  of  the  Eusta- 
chian tube. 

SALPINX,  Tuba. 

SALSAMENTUM  CRUDUM.  Omotarichos. 
SALSAPARILLA    GERMANICA,     Sarsapa- 
rilla  Germanica. 

SALSEDO  MUCRUM,  Potasss  nitras. 
SALSEPAREILLE,  Smilax  sarsaparilla  — s. 
d' Allemagne,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica — s.  dn  Bri- 
sil,  s.  Caraque,   s.  de  Honduras,   s.   de  Peru,  and 
s.  de  Portugal,  see  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 
SALSIFI,  Tragopogon  porrifolium. 
SALSILAGO,  Muria. 
SALSOLA  DECUMBENS,  S.  Kali. 
Salso'la   Kali,  S.  Becum'bens,  Kali  soda  seu 
spino'sum   cochlea'tum,   Prickly   Saltwort,   Tragus 
sive   Tragum   Matthi'oli.     Ord.  Chenopodiacefe; 
from  sal,  'salt,'   owing   to  its  saline  properties. 
This  plant,  as  well  as  Salsola  sati'va  and  Salsola 
soda  seu  longifo'lia.  Kali  iner'mis,  Herba  vitri, 
produces  the  alkaline  salt,  commonly  called  Ba- 
rilla, Soda,  or  Kelp. 

Salsola  Longifolia,  S.  Kali — s.  Sativa,  &e., 
see  S.  Kali,  and  Soda  —  s.  Soda,  see  S.  Kali. 
SALSUGINOSUS,  Halmyrodes. 
SALSUS,  Saline. 

.SALT,  Sal,  Hal,  Hals,  'a\g,  (F.)  Sel.  A  name 
formerly  given  to  a  considerable  number  of  sub- 
stances of  very  difi"erent  nature.  At  present,  ehy- 
mists  apply  the  term  Salts  exclusively  to  the  com- 
bination of  an  acid  with  one  or  more  bases.  Neu- 
tral salts  are  those  in  which  the  acid  and  base 
reciprocally  saturate  each  other.  Acid  salts  or 
SMpersalts,  (F.)  Sur-sels,  are  those  in  which  the 
acid  predominates  over  the  base.  Alkaline  salts 
or  suhsalfs,  (F.)  Sous-sels,  those  in  which  the  base 
is,  on  the  contrary,  predominant.  The  different 
denominations  of  the  salts  are  compounded,  1.  Of 
the  name  of  the  acid  ;  the  termination  of  which 
is  cbnnged  into  ite,  when  the  name  of  the  acid  is 
in  o»A- ;  —  ate.  when  it  is  in  ic.  Thus  the  salts 
formed  by  the  sulphurous  acid  are  sulphites ; 
those  by  the  sulphuric,  sulphates.  2.  This  name 
is  followed  iip  by  that  of  the  oxyd,  which  enters 
into  the  composition  of  the  salt.  Thus,  the  sul- 
phate  of  protoxyd  of  iron  is  a  combination  of 
sulphuric  acid  with  the  protoxyd  of  that  metal. 
Frequently,  to  shorten  the  name,  the  word  oxyd 
is  suppressed  ;  and  proto,  dento,  trito,  &o.,  put 
before  the  acid  : — as  protosulphate  of  iron.  Sim- 
ple salts  are  those  resulting  from  the  combina- 
tion of  an  acid  with  a  single  base  ;  double  salts 
with  two  diff'erent  bases:  triple  with  three,  <fec. 
A  haloid  salt  is  one  constituted  after  the  type  of 
common  salt,  or  which  contains  a  metal  and  a 
salt-radical,  as  chlorine,  iodine,  &(s.  An  oxysalt 
is  formed  from  the  combination  of  an  acid  with 
an  oxide. 

When  salt  is  used  in  an  abstract  sense,  it  means 
the  chloride  of  sodium. 


SALTANS  BOSA 


816 


SAMPSUCUS 


Salt,  Aperient,  of  Frederick,  Soda,  sulphate 
of — s.  Baker's,  Ammonise  cavbonas— s.  of  Barilla, 
Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  Bay,  Soda,  muriate  of 
— s.  Bitter  purging.  Magnesias  sulphas — s.  Com- 
mon, Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Epsom,  Magnesise  sul- 
phas— s.  Glauber's,  Soda,  sulphate  of  —  s.  Glau- 
ber's, Lymington,  see  Soda,  sulphate  of — s.  Pres- 
ton, see  AmmoniiB  carbonas  —  s.  Rochelle,  Soda, 
tartrate  of — s.  Rock,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Sea, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Secondar}',  Neutral  salt — s. 
Seignette's,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Smelling,  Ammo- 
nise carbonas — s.  of  Soda,  Soda,  subcarbouate  of 
—  s.  Sore-throat,  Potassse  nitras  fusus  sulphatis 
paucillo  mixtus. 

Salt  of  Tartar,  see  Potass^  subcarbonas, 
and  Potash. 

Salt,  Tasteless  Purging,  Soda,  phosphate  of. 
Salt  op  Urine,  Ammonias  carbonas. 
Salt,  White,  Soda.,  muriate  of. 
Salt  of  Woodsoot,  Ammonise   carbonas  —  s. 
of  Wormwood,  see  Potash. 
SALTANS  ROSA,  Urticaria. 
SALTATIO,  Dancing  — s.  Sancti  Viti,  Choiea. 
SALT'BRTON.     A  village  about  four  miles  to 
the  eastward  of  Exmouth,  England,  frequented 
as  a  winter  abode  by  invalids.     It  is  in  a  small, 
open  valley  on  the  seashore;  and  is  well  protected 
from  winds,  particularly  the  northerly. 
SALTISH,  Halmyrodes. 
SALTPETRE,  Potasste  nitras. 
SALTUS,  Leap,  Vulva— s.  Tendinum,  Subsul- 
tus  tendinum. 

SALTWORT,  PRICKLY,  Salsola  kali. 
SALUBRIOUS,  Salutary. 
SALUBRIOUSNESS,  Salubrity. 
SALUBRIS,  Salutary. 

SALU'BRITY,  SaWbritna,  Salu'hriousness, 
(F.)  Salubrite,  from  salus,  'health.'  Any  thing 
which  contributes  to  the  health  of  individuals  or 
of  communities.  Situations  differ  materially  from 
each  other  in  this  respect;  and  the  cause  of  the 
difference  is  often  an  interesting  topic  of  inquiry. 
SALUS,  Sanitas. 
SALUTAIRE,  Salutary. 

SAL'UTARY,  Peries'ticos,  Salnta'rie,  Salu'- 
her,  Salu'hris,  Hygiei'nus.  Hygian'ticna,  Hygie'- 
rus,  Salu'brius,  (F.)  Sahitaire,  Salubre.  Same 
etymon.  Healthy.  That  which  is  favourable  to 
health.  Some  diseases  have  been  considered  sa- 
lutary ;  but  this  is  doubtful. 

SALUTIF'EROUS,  Salu'tifer ;  from  salus, 
sahttis,  'health,'  and  fci-o,  'I  bear.'  Bringing 
health  :  health-bearing. 

SALVATEL'LA  ;  same  etymon,  [?]  Venasal- 
vatel'la,  is  situate  on  the  back  of  the  hand,  near 
its  inner  margin.  It  begins  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  fingers  and  dorsal  surface  of  the  hand, 
by  a  plexus,  formed  of  a  number  of  radicles,  fre- 
quently anastomosing  with  each  other;  it  then 
ascends  to  the  inner  part  of  tlie  forearm,  where  it 
takes  the  name — iMsterior  cubital.  The  ancients 
recommended  this  vein  to  be  opened  in  certain 
diseases,  as  in  melancholic  and  hypochondriacal 
affections  ;  and  they  attributed  to  such  abstraction 
of  blood  considerable  efficacy  in  the  cure  of  dis- 
ease :  hence  its  name. 

SALVE,  BLISTERING,  Unguentum  lyttre— 
s.  Deshler's,  Ceratum  resina?  compositum — s.  Eye, 
Unguentum  osidi  zinci  impuri  —  s.  Eye,  Single- 
con's,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi  —  s. 
Healing,  Cerate  of  calamine. 

SAL'VIA,  (from  salveo,  'to  be  sound.' owing 
to  its  reputed  healing  qualities  ;)  ^S".  officiva'Us 
seu  horten'sis  seu  vulga'ris  seu  minor,  Elelis'- 
jt.incns,  Snge,  Save,  (F.)  Smige,  Petite  Snnge,  The 
d' Europe  ou  de  France.  Ord.  Labiatee'.  Sex. 
Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia.  Sage  leaves.  Salvia 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  have  a  peculiar,  aromatic  odour,  and 
a  warm,  aromatic,  bitterish  taste.     Their  virtues 


depend  upon  an  essential  oil.  They  are  tonic, 
stimulant,  and  carminative.  In  the  form  of  a 
weak  infusion,  Sage  is  occasionally  used  as  a  di- 
luent, and  as  a  wash  for  sore  mouth.  Dose,  gr. 
XV  to  XXX  or  more. 

Salvia  Africa'na,  Wild  Sage,  a  South  Afri- 
can species,  has  the  same  medical  properties  as 
Salvia. 

Salvia  Colorata,  Salvia. 

Salvia  Hormi'num,  S.  colora'ta,  Hormi'num, 
H.coloru'tnm  seu  sati'vum,  ['F.)  Sauge-hormin,  of 
the  Pharmacopoeias,  is  used  in  similar  cases. 

Salvia  Hortensis,  Salvia. 

Salvia  Lyra'ta,  Wild  Sage,  Cancer  Weed; 
indigenous.  The  fresh  leaves,  bruised,  are  used 
to  destroy  warts.  It  has  been  supposed  to  be  of 
use  in  cancer. 

Salvia  Minor,  Salvia  —  s.  Officinalis,  Salvia. 

Salvia  Scla'rea,  Sclarea,  Gallit' rich  urn, 
jEthio'pis,  Biser'mas,  Coins  Jovis,  Common  Clary, 
(F.)  Sauge  sclaree,  Grand sauge,  Orvale  oa  Toute- 
bonve.  The  leaves  have  been  recommended  as 
corri)borants  and  anti-spasmodics. 

Salvia  Vit^,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria  —  s. 
Vulgaris,  Salvia, 

SAMADE'RA  IN'DICA,  Ord.  Simarubese,  fur- 
nishes the  Niepa  bark,  which  is  possessed  of 
antiperiodic  7)roperties. 

SAMBU'CUS,  from  aafi^vxi,  an  ancient  musi- 
cal instrument,  said  to  have  been  made  of  its 
wood.  Sabu'cus,  Sambiicus  nigra  seu  vulga'ris 
seu  arbo'rea,  Acie,  Infe'lix  lignum  ;  Elder,  El- 
norne,  Ellen-tree,  Ellarne,  (Sc.)  Boartree,  Bore- 
tree,  Bountree,  {Fror.)  Bottry  tree,  Burtrce,  Ellet, 
Elren,  Scare,  (F.)  Sureau  eommun.  Ord.  Capri- 
foliaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia — (the 
flower  and  bark  were  formerly  called  Cano'pmw). 
The  flowers,  berries,  and  bark  of  the  elder  have 
been  used  in  medicine.  The  flowers  have  been 
reputed  diaphoretic  and  discutient;  the  berries, 
aperient  and  sudorific ;  the  bark,  purgative,  and, 
in  small  doses,  deobstruent.  The  flowers  are 
sometimes  used  in  fomentations,  and  to  form  a 
cooling  ointment. 

Sambuci's  Arborea,  Sambucus  —  s.  Chamae- 
acte,  S.  ebulus. 

Sambucus  Eb'ulus,  S.  Chamwacte  seu  he'lion 
seu  hu'milis  seu  herba'cea,  Ebulus,  Chamaac'te, 
Od'ncos,  Dwarf-elder,  Banewort,  (F.j  Uieble, 
Yeble.  The  root,  interior  bark,  leaves,  flowers, 
Sambucus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  berries,  {Baccm  seuGrana 
Actes,)  and  seeds,  have  all  been  given  in  mode- 
rate doses  as  resolvents  and  deobstruents  ;  and  in 
large  doses  as  hydragogues.  The  berries  of  »S'a«i- 
bucus  Canaden'sis,  the  Common  Elder  of  America, 
are  made  officinal  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
1  United  States.  A  distilled  water  of  the  flowers, 
Aqua  Sambu'ci,  Elder  Water,  is  ofiicinal  in  the 
London  and  Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeias. 

Sambucus  Helion,  Sambucus  ebulus — s.  Her- 
bacen,  S.  ebulus — s.  Humilis,  S.  ebulus — s.  Nigra, 
Sambucus. 

Sambucus  Pu'eens,  S.  pxibes'cens  seu  race- 
wo'sa,  Red-berried  Elder  ;  indigenous.  Thebark, 
in  decoction,  is  said  to  be  a  valuable  hydragogue 
cathartic. 

Sambucus  Racemosa,  S.  pubens — s.  Vulgaris, 
Sambucus. 

SAMI  TERRA,  Sa'mian  Earth.  An  argilla- 
ceous earth,  found  in  the  island  of  Samos,  tc 
which  were  ascribed  virtues  similar  to  those  of 
the  Terra  Lemnii. — Galen,  Dioscorides. 

SA'MIUS  LAPIS.  A  stone  found  in  the  Isle 
of  Samos,  which  the  ancients  believed  to  be  as- 
tringent and  refrigerant. 

SAMPHIRE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

SAMPSON,  BLACK,  Echinacea  purpurea. 

SAMPSUCHUS,  Thymus  mastichina. 

SAMPSUCUS,  Origanum  majorana. 


SAMPSYCHINON 


817 


SANITARIUM 


SAMPSYCH'INOlSr,  Sampsu'chmum,    An  oint- 
ment composed  of  aaji\iv)(ov,  which  was  perhaps 
marjoram.  —  Dioscorides. 
SANABILIS,  Curable. 
SANABLE,  Curable. 

SANAMUNDA,  Geum  urbanum. 

SANATIO,  Curation,  Cure. 

SANATIVE,  Curative. 

SANATORIUM,  Sanitarium. 

SANATORY,  Curative. 

SAN  GIULIANO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
At  the  foot  of  the  mountain  San  Giuliano,  a 
league  and  a  half  from  Pisa,  are  several  mineral 
springs ;  temperature  from  84°  to  107°  Fahr. 

The  spring,  Pozzetto,  contains  carbonic  acid, 
sulphates  of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia  ;  chlorides 
of  sodium  and  magnesium  ;  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia;  argil  and  silica. — Santi. 

SAND,  see  Gravel  —  s.  Brain,  see  Pineal  gland 
—  s.  Pineal,  see  Pineal  gland. 

SANDALUM  C^RULEUM,  Guilandina  mo- 
ringa — s.  Rubrum,  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

SAN'DARAC,  Sandara'cha,  Gum  Ju'niper  or 
Sandarach,  Pounce,  Gtimmi  Jnnip'eri,  Sundara'- 
ca,  Vernix  sicca,  Resirta  Jnnip'eri,  (F.)  Snnda- 
raqiie,  Gomme  de  GenSvrier.  A  name  given,  by 
the  Arabs,  to  an  odorous  resin,  that  flows  from 
the  Thuya  aphyl'la.  Ord.  Coniferae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Monoecia  Monadelphia.  It  is  stimulant,  like  all 
the  resins  ;  but  is  very  little  used. 

SANDARACHA  GR^CORUM,  Realgar. 

SAND-BLIND,  nearly  blind.  A  defect  of 
vision,  in  which  small  particles  seem  to  fly  before 
the  eyes.     See  Metamorphopsia. 

SANDERS,  see  Saunders. 

SANDIVER,  see  Vitrum. 

SANDIX,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 

SANDYX,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 

SANG,  Blood  —  s.  Arteriel,  Arterial  blood  —  s. 
Dragon,  Rumex  sanguineus — s.  Dragon,  see  Ca- 
lamus rotang  —  s.  Globules  du,  Globules  of  the 
blood  —  s.  Perte  de,  Haemorrhagia. 

SANGAREE'.  Wine  and  water,  sweetened 
and  spiced. 

SANG  LOT,  Sob. 

SANGSUE,  Ilirudo. 

SANGUIDUCTUS  DUR^  MATRIS,  Sinuses 
of  the  dura  mater. 

SANGUIFICATIO,  Hsematosis  —  s.  Debilior, 
Hyphaematosis. 

SANGUIFLUXUS,  Hamorrhagia  — s.  Uteri- 
nus.  Metrorrhagia. 

SANGUIMOTION,  Circulation. 

SANGUIMOTORY,  Circulatory. 

SANGUIN,  (Vaisxenu,)  Blood-vessel. 

SANGUINALIS  CORRIGIOLA,  Polygonum 
aviculare. 

SANGUINA'RIA,  from  sanguis,  sanguinis, 
'blood,'  owing  to  the  colour  of  its  juice.  S.  Cana- 
den'sis  seu  acaii'Us,  Bloodroof,  Bloodwort,Puceoon, 
Red  Puccoon,  Red  Root,  Indian  Paint,  Tur'meric. 
Nat.  Ord.  Papaveracese.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria 
Monogynia.  A  North  American  plant,  the  rhi- 
zoma,  Sangninaria  (Ph.  U.  S.),and  seeds  of  which 
are  used  in  medicine.  They  are  emetic.  Dose  of 
the  powder,  8  to  20  grains.  They  are  said  to 
reduce  the  velocity  of  the  pulse,  like  digitalis. 

Sang uiN ARIA,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

SANGUINE,  Sanguin'eus,  Sanguino'sus,  HcB- 
mat'icus,  Scemato'des,  Hamate' rus,  HcBmnti'nns, 
JIcBmo'des,  Hasmo'i' des,  Sangnin'eoiis,  Hcemnt'ic, 
(F.)  Sangnin.  From  sanguis,  sanguinis,  'blood.' 
Bloody,  blood-like;  having  the  colour  of  blood, 
as  'a  sanguine  countenance.'  Relating  to,  or 
containing  blood  —  as 'sanguine  temperament.' 
Plethoric. 

SANGUINEA,  Potassae  nitras. 

SANGUINENESS,  Plethora. 

SANGUINEOUS,  Plethoric,  Sanguine. 
52 


SANGUINEUS,  Sanguine. 
SANGUINIS  ABSORPTIO,  itcemorrhophesis 
— s.  Congestio,  Congestion — s.  Dissolutio,  Haema- 
teclysis — s.  Fluor,  ll8emopt3'sis — s.  Fluor  Vesica;, 
Cystorrhagia  —  s.  Ictus,  Apoplexy  —  s.  Missio, 
Blood-letting — s.  Profluvium  copiosum,  Hseraor- 
rhagia — s.  Profluvium  ex  Ore,  Stomatorrhagia  — 
s.  Stagnatio,  Ilsemostasis. 

SANGUIN'OLENT,  Sanguinolen'tus,  from saw- 
guis,  sanguinis,  '  blood.'  Tinged  with  blood.  An 
epithet  applied,  particularly,  to  the  sputa  when 
so  tinged.     Bloody. 

SANGUINOSUS.  Sanguine. 

SANGUIPUR'GIUM,  from  sanguis,  '  h\ood,' 
and  purgare,  '  to  cleanse.'  Purgation  of  the 
blood.  A  name  given  by  some  authors  to  mild 
fevers,  from  an  idea  that  they  purged  the  blood 
of  noxious  matters. 

SANGUIS,  Blood,  Sperm  — s.  Concretus,  Coa- 
gulum — s.  Draconis,  see  Calamus  rotang — s.  Hirci 
sicoatus,  see  Blood — s.  Menstruus,  see  Menses  — 
s.  in  Urina,  Haematuria  —  s.  Virginia  primum 
menstruatffi,  see  Menses. 

SANGUISOR'BA  CANADEN'SIS,  Canada 
Burnett.  From  sanguis,  '  blood,'  and  sorbere,  '  to 
absorb.'  A  tall  indigenous  plant — Ord.  Rosaceae  — 
with  white,  sometimes  purple,flowers,which  appear 
from  August  to  October.  It  has  the  same  virtues  as 

Sanguisor'ba  Officina'lis,  aS'.  car'nea  seu 
rubra,  Ital'ian  Pint'pinel,  Pimpinel'la  Ital'ica 
seu  officina'lis,  (F.)  Piniprenelle  noire.  It  was 
formerly  used  as  an  astringent  and  tonic,  in 
hemorrhages,  dysentery,  &c. 

SANGUISUGA,  Hirudo. 

SANGUISU'GUM,  from  sanguis,  'blood,'  and 
sugere,  '  to  suck.'  A  barbarous  term,  to  denote 
too  great  an  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  heart. — 
Bonetus. 

SANICLE,  Sanicula,  S.  Marilandica — s.  Ame- 
rican, Heuchera  cortusa — s.  de  Mariland,  Sanicula 
Marilandica —  s.  Yorkshire,  Pinguicola  vulgaris. 

SANICULA,  (from  sano,  'I  heal,')  Saxifraga 
granulata. 

Sanic'ula,  S.  EuropcB'a  seu  officina'rum  seu 
mas,  Astran'tia  diapen'sia,  Cauca'lis  Sanic'ula, 
Cucullu'ta,  Dodeca'theon,  Sym'phytuni  petra'um, 
Diapen'sia,  D.  cortu'sa,  San'icle,  Wood  Marcli, 
(F.)  Toute-saine.  Ord.  Umbelliferae.  Sex.  Syst. 
PentandriaDigynia.  This  herb  was  formerly  used 
as  a  mild  astringent.  It  is  bitterish,  and  some- 
what austere. 

Sanicula  Eboracensis,  Pinguicola  vulgaris — s. 
Europaea,  Sanicula. 

Sanic'dla  Marilan'dtca,  San'icle,  Ila'ryland 
Sanicle,  Black  Snakeroot,  (F.)  Sanicle  de  3fari- 
land.  This  indigenous  plant  grows  in  marshes, 
or  low  and  shaded  ground.  It  is  possessed  of 
tonic  virtues  ;  and  the  powdered  root  is  employed 
in  popular  practice  as  a  favourite  remedy  in  in- 
termittent fever.  It  has  been  recommended, 
also,  in  chorea. 

Sanicula  Montana,  Pinguicola  vulgaris  —  s. 
OfEcinarum,  Sanicula. 

SANIDO'DES,  Sanio'des,  'resembling  a  board,' 
from  (Toi'ij,  gen.  aavtSo^,  '  a  board,'  and  etfioi,  're- 
semblance.' One  whose  thorax  is  narrow,  and, 
as  it  were,  contracted. 

SANIE,  Sanies. 

SA'NIES,  Ichor,  Tahum,  Virus,  Pus  mal'^'- 
mun  seu  corrosi'vum,  (F.)  Sanie,  corrupted  from 
sanguis,  'blood.'  A  thin,  serous  fluid,  presenting 
some  of  the  qualities  of  pus  and  blood,  and  com- 
monly exhaled  at  the  surface  of  ulcers. 

SANIEUX,  Ichorous. 

SANIODES,  Sanidodes. 

SANIOSUS,  Ichorous. 

SANIOUS,  Ichorous. 

SANITA'RIUM,  Sanato'rium.  Same  etymon. 
as  the  next.    A  retreat  selected  for  valetudina- 


SANITARY 


818 


SAPO 


rians,  in  consequence  of  its  salubrity.     Also,  an 
establisbtnent  for  the  treatment  of  the  sick. 

SAN'ITARY,  San'atory,  from  sanltas,  'health,' 
(F.)  Sanitmre.  That  which  relates  to  health, 
and  especially  to  public  health  ;  as  etablissement 
saniiaire,  police  eniiitaire. 

SAN'ITAS,from  sanus,  'healthy,' Hi/ gie' a,  Hy- 
ge'a,  Hygian'sis,  Hygi'asis,  Integ'ritas,  Prosper'- 
itas  Valetii'diins,  Saliis,  Hygiei'a,  Valetu'do,  Vali- 
tu'do,  Valetu'do  bona  seu  secun'da  seu  com'moda, 
HygcVa,Enzoodyna'mia,Health,  (Sc.)  Heil,  Beyle, 
Heal,  (F.)  Sanie,  from  sanus,    '  sound.'     Health 
has  been  defined.— a  state,  in  which  all  the  func- 
tions are  exerted  with  regularity  and  harmony. 
A  person  may,  however,  be  in  health,  although 
certain    functions    are  not  performed.     A  blind 
man,  for  example,  has  health  when  all  his  func- 
tions,   except    sight,    proceed    with    regularity. 
Sanity  is  often  used  for  soundness  of  mind. 
Sanitap,  Cure. 
SANITY,  Sanitas. 
SANKIRA,  Smilax  China. 
SANS  PAIRE,  {Veine,)  Azygos  vein. 
SANTA  CRUZ,  (CLIMATE  OF.)    This  West 
India  island  is  frequently  selected  as  a  winter  re- 
treat for  the  phthisical  valetudinarian  from  the 
United  States;  but  it  does  not  seem  entitled  to 
any  preference,   in   such    cases,   over    the  other 
islands  of  the   West  Indies,   whilst  its  general 
Balubrity  is  said  to  be  less  than  that  of  many. 

SANTAL  BLANC,  Santalum  a\hn\a.—g.Rouge, 
Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

SANTALUM,  see  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 
San'talum  ALBUjr,  S.  cit'rinum  seu  pal'lidnm 
seu  myrti/o'lium,  Sir'ium  myrtifo'lium,  Yelloio 
Saunders,  (F.)  Santal  blanc.  Ord.  Santalaceae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  virtues 
of  the  wood  of  the  white  saunders  reside  in  a 
volatile  oil  and  resinous  principle.  The  odour  is 
fragrant,  and  resembles  a  mixture  of  ambergris 
and  roses.  It  has  been  used  as  a  stimulant  and 
sudorific,  but  it  is  not  now  employed.  The  saun- 
ders woods  are  called,  collectively,  in  French, 
Snntaux. 

Santalum   MrRTiroLiUM,  S.  album  —  s.  Ru- 
brum,  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 
SANTE,  Sanitas. 

SANTONICUM,  Artemisia  santonicum. 
SAN'TONINE,  San'tonin,  Cinin.     A  peculiar 
crystalline    substance   obtained   from   Artemisia 
Santonica.     It   possesses    the  anthelmintic  pro- 
perties of  the  plant.     Dose,  five  or  six  grains. 

SANTORI'NI,  FISSURES  OF,  (F.)  Incisures 
ou  Scissures  de  Santorini.  Clefts  at  the  upper 
and  back  part  of  the  fibro-cartilaginous  portion 
of  the  external  ear. 

Santorini,  Tu'bercles  op.     Small   cartilagi- 
nous projections  at  the  top  of  the  arytenoid  car- 
tilages, which  support  the  ligaments  of  the  glottis. 
See  Corniculum  Laryngis. 
SANVE,  Sinapis. 

SAO'RiA,  Saunrja.  The  ripe  and  dried  fruit 
of  Maesa  seu  Bacob'otrys  picta,  an  Abyssinian 
tree,  which  is  administered  in  its  native  country, 
in  powder,  in  doses  of  from  .32  to  44  grammes,  as 
a  taeniafuge. 

SAP,  Sax.  raepe,  (G.)  Saft,  Ar'borum  Succus 
seu  Lymphn,  (F.)  Seve.  The  circulating  fluid  of 
the  vegetable,  which  corresponds  to  the  blood  of 
the  animal. 

SAPA,  see  Rob. 

SAPHA'DA.     Paracelsus  has  given  this  name 
to  reddish   scales  adherent  to  the  hair  in  some 
eruptions  of  the  hairy  scalp, 
SAPH^NA,  Saphena. 

SAPHE'NA,  SaphcB'na,  from  (ra<prj?,  'manifest.' 
'evident.'  (F.)  Snphene.  A  name  given  to  two 
Bubcutaneous   veins  of  the  lower  limb.     These 


are:  1.  The  Great  Saphena  Vein,  S.  i'-.terna, 
Tibio-malle'olar  (Ch.),  (F.)  Grande  Veine  Sa- 
pliene  ou  Snphene  interne.  Its  radicles  occupy 
the  inner  part  of  the  great  toe,  and  form  a  trans- 
verse arch  on  the  back  of  the  foot,  which  unites 
with  the  saphena  externa,  and  receives  at  it^ 
convex  part,  which  is  turned  forwards,  a  number 
of  branches  coming  from  the  toes.  These  radi- 
cles, when  united,  ascend  before  the  inner  ankle, 
and  form  a  trunk,  the  size  of  which  is  farther 
increased  by  several  branches  that  proceed  from 
the  region  of  the  tarsus,  and  that  of  the  meta- 
tarsus. This  trunk  ascends  vertically  at  the 
inner  part  of  the  leg;  passes  behind  the  inner 
condyle  of  the  femur;  proceeds  along  the  inner 
part  of  the  thigh  ;  receives  other  subcutaneous 
veins,  such  as  the  abdominal  subcutaneous,  the 
external  pudie,  &c.,  and  passes  through  the  in- 
ferior opening  of  the  crural  canal  to  empty  itself 
into  the  femoral  vein.  2.  The  Lesser  Vena 
Saphena  or  Saphena  externa,  Perone'o-mal- 
le'olar  Vein  of  Chaussier,  (F.)  Petite  Veine  Sn- 
phene ou  Saphene  externe,  commences  by  seve- 
ral roots,  which  are  spread  over  the  dorsum  and 
outer  side  of  the  foot,  and  embrace  the  outer 
ankle.  Behind  this,  they  unite  into  a  single 
trunk,  which  ascends  obliquely,  approaching  the 
tendo  Achillis,  and  proceeds  vertically  towards 
the  ham  to  open  into  the  popliteal  vein. 

SAPHENE,  Saphena. 

SAPHE'NOUS,  Sapheno'svs;  from  Saphena. 
Of  or  belonging  to  the  saphena. 

Saphenous  Nerves  are  two  in  number,  and 
are  branches  of  the  crural  or  femoral  nerve. 
They  are  the  short  saphenotis  —  nervus  cutanena 
internus ;  and  the  long  saphenous  —  nervus  cuta- 
neiis  internus  longus. 

The  external  saphenous,  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  communicans  poplitei  and  communicans 
peronei,  passes  down  the  leg  by  the  side  of  the 
external  saphenous  vein  of  the  foot, 

SAPID,  Sa'porous,  Sap'idus,  (F.)  Savoureux, 
from  sapere,  'to  taste.'  Possessed  of  sapidity 
Having  the  power  of  affecting  the  organs  of 
taste. 

SAPID'ITT,  Sap'idness,  Saporos'ity,  Sapor, 
(F.)  Sapidite.  The  quality  of  bodies  that  gives 
them  taste. 

SAPTN  COMMUN,  Pinus  pieea. 

SAPIN'DUS,  (sapo,  and  Indus,  'Indian  soap,') 
S.  Sapona'ria,  Sapona'ria,  Soap  Tree,  (F.)  Sa- 
vonnier  eommun.  Ord.  Sapindaceae.  The  name 
of  the  plant  that  afi'ords  the  Soap  Nuts,  Sapona'- 
ria Nu'culm,  Bac'cas  Bermuden'ses,  Soap-berries. 
A  spherical  fruit  about  the  size  of  a  cherry,  the 
cortical  part  of  which  is  yellow,  glossy,  and  so 
transparent  as  to  show  the  spherical  black  nut 
that  rattles  within,  and  includes  a  white  kernel. 
The  cortical  part  of  this  fruit,  which  has  similar 
efiects  with  soap  in  washing,  has  been  recom- 
mended in  chlorosis,  and  as  a  stomachic  and 
deobstruent. 

SAPO,  Soap,  Sax.  rape.  Smegma,  (F.)  Savon. 
A  product  obtained  by  treating  fatty  bodies  wit? 
caustic  alkalies  dissolved  in  water.  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States,  it  means  Soap 
made  with  soda  and  olive  oil.  See  Sapo  medi- 
cinalis. 

Yellow  Soap  is  formed  of  turpentine,  oil,  and 
alkali. 

Castile  Soap,  being  made  of  fine  olive  oil,  is 
generally  used  internallj%  The  yellow  and  soft 
soaps  are  the  most  stimulating;  and  are,  conse- 
quently, best  adapted  for  particular  cutaneous 
eruptions. 

Internally,  soap  is  purgative  and  diuretic;  ex- 
ternally, it  is  detergent  and  stimulant.  Soapy 
water  is  used  with  the  greatest  success,  in  cases 


SAPONACEOUS 


819 


SARCOCOLLA 


of  poisoning  by  acids.  It  is  mostly  applied  ex- 
ternally to  bruises  and  sprains.  In  Pharmacy, 
it  is  used  to  favour  the  solution  of  resins. 

Sapo  Ac"idus,  Acid  Soaj),  is  a  combination  of 
a  fixed  oil  with  an  acid. 

Sapo  AjrwoNiACALis,  Linimentum  ammoniae 
fortius  —  s.  Ammoniaj  oleaceus,  Linimentum  am- 
moniae fortius  —  s.  Am3'gdalinus,  Sapo  medicina- 
lis  —  s.  Caeaotinus,  Sapo  coconeus — s.  Calcarius, 
Linimentum  aqu»  calcis  —  s.  Castiliensis,  see 
Sapo  medieinalis. 

Sapo  Coco'neus,  Sf<po  cacaoti'tute,  Soap  of 
Cocna-Nut  Oil,  (F.)  Savon  de  cacoa,  has  been 
much  used  in  Germany  in  herpetic  afiFections. 

Sapo  Durus,  S.  medieinalis  —  s.  Hispanicus, 
see  S.  medieinalis. 

Sapo  Kalicus,  S.  Mollis. 

Sapo  Liq'itidus,  Liquid  Soap,  Lotio  sapoiia'- 
cea,  is  a  cosmetic  which  is  composed  of  olive  oil 
^iv,  ol.  tartari pev  deliqmum  ^ss.  Rub  together, 
and  add  aquas  rosarum  ^xij. 

Sapo  Medicina'lis,  Sapo  amygdali'nuf,  Me- 
dic" inal  Soap,  (F.)  Savon  medicinal,  is  made  with 
oil  of  sweet  almonds  and  half  its  weight  of  caus- 
tic alkali,  or,  like  the  Sapo  Hispan'icus  seu  Cas- 
filien'>iis,  Spanish  or  Castile  soap,  Sapo  durus, 
Saj)o  (Ph.  U.  S.),  (F.)  Savon  dur,  of  olive  oil  and 
soda. 

Sapo  Mollis,  S.  vir'idis  seu  ni'ger  seu  ka'li- 
cus.  Common  or  Soft  Soap,  (F.)  Savon  mote  ou 
7iOfV,  is  made  of  potass  and  oil  or  tallow.  The 
Sapo  vulgaris  or  'common  soap'  of  the  Pharm. 
TJ.  S.  is  made  with  soda  and  animal  oil. 

Sapo  Niger,  Black  Soap,  Melanosmeg'ma,  is  a 
con»position  of  train  oil  and  an  alkali :  and  Green 
Soap,  Sapo  vir'idis,  of  hempseed,  linseed,  or  rape 
oil,  with  an  alkali.     See  Sapo  mollis. 

Sapo  Vegetabilis,  Pulvis  gummosus  alkali- 
nus — r.  Viridis,  Sapo  mollis  —  r.  Vulgaris,  see 
Sapo  mollis. 

SAPONA'CEOUS,  Sapona'ceu>i,  (F.)  Saponace, 
from  sa2w,  saponis,  'soap.'  Soapy.  Containing 
soap,  as  Linimentum  saponaceum,  Soap  liniment. 

SAP  ON  AIRE,  Saponaria, 

SAPONA'RIA,  from  Sapo,  'soap,'  the  juice 
forming  a  lather  with  water.  Soap-ioort,  Bruise- 
wort,  Bouncing  Bet,  Stru'thium,  Lana'ria,  Lych- 
nis officinalis  seu  sylves'trts,  Ibix' uma,  Boot'ia  vul- 
ga'ris,  (F.)  Saponaire,  Savonnihe.  Ord.  Caryo- 
phyllaceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Digynia.  A 
decoction  of  the  leaves  of  this  plant  has  been 
recommended  in  scrofula,  cancer,  old  syphilis, 
cutaneous  eruptions,  jaundice,  visceral  obstruc- 
tions, &c.     It  is  hardly  ever  used. 

Saponaria,  Sapindus  saponaria, 

SAPONARIA  NUCULE,  see  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria. 

SAPONE.  Soap,  to  which  are  added  sub- 
stances capable  of  communicating  to  it  new  pro- 
perties, without  affecting  its  own. — Beral. 

SAPO'NEA.  A  pectoral  medicine,  prepared 
with  sweetened  syrup  of  violets,  and  oil  of  sweet 
almonds. 

SAPON'ULES,  Sapon'uU,  (F.)  Savomdes. 
Same  etymon.  Combinations  of  volatile  or  es- 
sential oils  with  different  bases. 

Acid  Saponules  are  combinations  of  such  oils 
with  different  acids. 

SAPONULJS.  a  tincture  {alcooU),  sufficiently 
charged  with  soap  to  cause  it  to  assume  a  gelati- 
nous shape.  —  Beral. 

SAPONURE.  A  medicine,  formed  of  soap, 
in  powder,  and  of  resinous  or  extractive  matters. 

SAPOR,  Sapidity,  Savour. 

SAPOROSITY,  Sapidity. 

SA POROUS,  Sapid. 

SAPO'TA,  S.  Alchrae,  Achras  Sapota  seu  aus- 
tra'lis  seu  Zapota,  El  nispero,  Oval-fruited  Sa- 
pota, (F.)  Sapotier,  Sapotillier,  SapotiUa.     Fam. 


Sapotaoe».  Sex.  Syst.  ilexandria  Digynia.  A 
tree  which  grows  in  the  Antilles,  and  particularly 
at  St.  Domingo.  Its  fruit  is  much  esteemed.  It 
resembles  the  marmalade  of  quinces;  and  hence 
has  been  called  natural  marmalade.  The  seeds 
make  an  emulsion,  which  has  been  given  in 
nephritic  affections.  The  bark  has  been  recom- 
mended as  a  febrifuge. 

Sapota  Alchras,  Sapota. 

SAPOTIER,  Sapota. 

SAPOTILLA,  Sapota. 

SAPOTILLIER,  Sapota. 

SAPROPYRA,  Typhus  gravior. 

SAPKOS,  Putrid,  Rancid. 

SAPROS'TOMUS,  from  craT/joj,  'foul,  of  a  bad 
odour,'  and  cTona,  'mouth.'  One  who  has  an 
offensive  breath. 

SAPROTES,  Putrefaction. 

SAR'APUS,  Sarajjous,  One  who  has  a  large 
foot;  whose  toes  are  largely  separated,  or  whose 
feet  are  much  asunder  in  walking;  from  aatp(a, 
'1  grin,'  and  vovs,  'the  foot.'     See  Kyllosis. 

SARATO'GA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
Saratoga  springs  in  New  York  are  ten  miles 
north-east  from  Ballston.  They  contain  the 
same  ingredients  as  those  of  the  latter  place; 
and  are  much  frequented  hy  visitors  from  every 
part  of  the  United  States.  The  following  analy- 
sis has  been  given  of  the  Congress  sjjring.  In  a 
wine  gallon — gaseous  contents:  carbonic  acid, 
311  cubic  inches;  atmospheric  air.  7.  Solid  con- 
tents: chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  385;  iodide  of 
sodium,  gr.  3.5  ;  bicarbonate  of  soda,  gr.  8.982  ; 
bicarbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  95.788  ;  carbonate  of 
lime,  gr.  98.098 ;  carbonate  of  iron,  gr.  6.075  ; 
silica,  gr.  1.5  ;  bromide  of  potassium,  a  trace. 
Total,  gr.  597.943.  — Steel. 

The  \Valt07>  or  Iodine  spring  contains  chloride 
of  sodium,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  iodide  of 
sodium. 

SARCEPIPLOCELE,  Sarcocpiploeele. 

SARCEPIPLO MPHALOCELE,  Sarcoepi- 
ploraphalocele. 

SARCEPIPLOMPHALUS,  Sarcoepiplompha- 
lus. 

SARCIDIUM,  Caruncle. 

SARCINA,  Foetus. 

Sar'cina  Ventric'uli,  S.  Goodsir'ii,  L.  Sar- 
cina,  'a  pack,  a  woolpack  ;'  Merismopoe'dia  ven- 
trieuli  (Robin).  A  microscopic  crj'ptogamous 
plant  found  in  the  fluid  of  waterbrash. 

SARCION,  Caruncle. 

SARCITES,  Anasarca  — s.  Flatuosus,  Em- 
physema. 

SARCITIS,  Myositis. 

SARCOCE'LE,  Hernia  carno'sa,  Scirrhus  Tes- 
tic'idi,  from  capf,  aa^Kog,  'flesh,'  and  fJjAi?,  'a 
tumour;'  Sarco'ma  scroti,  (F.)  Hemic  eharnue. 
Scirrhus  or  cancer  of  the  testicle.  This  disease 
affects  adults  particularly;  and  appears  most 
commonly  after  an  inflammatory  swelling  of  the 
testicle.  Sometimes  it  is  dependent  upon  a  blow; 
at  others,  it  makes  its  appearance  without  any 
appreciable  cause.  It  is  well  known  by  a  hard, 
heavy,  ovoid  or  spherical  swelling  of  the  testicle, 
which  is,  at  first,  slightly,  or  not  at  all  painful, 
and  merely  causes  an  unpleasant  traction  on  the 
spermatic  eord.  There  is  no  heat  or  change  of 
colour  of  the  skin  ;  the  spermatic  cord  is  swollen, 
and  participates  in  the  affection ;  very  painful 
shootings  occur;  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the 
abdomen  become  swollen,  and  form  a  tumour, 
which  may,  at  times,  be  felt  through  the  abdo- 
men ;  and  the  patient,  at  length,  dies  with  every 
sign  of  the  cancerous  diathesis.  The  prognosis 
is  very  unfavourable.  The  only  means,  indeed, 
that  can  save  life,  is  the  extirpation  of  the  tes- 
ticle, 

SARCOCOL'LA,  (F.)   Colle-chair,   from   cap^, 


SARCODES 


820 


SATELLITE 


'flesV  and  koXXo,  'glue.'  A  resinous  matter,  ob-  | 
tained  from  Pence'a  Sarcocol'la,  P.  mncrona'fa,  i 
and  other  species  of  Penaea;  an  African  shrub, 
■which  has  been  so  called  from  a  belief  that  it 
facilitates  the  consolidation  of  flesh.  It  is  in  the 
form  of  small,  oblong,  semi  transparent  globules, 
of  a  yellowish  or  reddish  hue,  and  smells  like 
aniseed.  It  was  once  employed  as  an  astringent 
and  detergent. 

SARCODES,  Carneous. 

SARCOEPIPLOCE'LE,  Sarcepijyloce'le,  from 
(Tipf,  crapKog,  'flesh,'  cmn'Xoov,  'the  epiploon,'  and 
KTi'Sn,  'a  tumour.'  Epiplocele,  complicated  with 
sarcoma  or  sarcocele. 

SARCOEPIPLOM'PHALUS,  Sarcepiplom'- 
phalus,  SarcepiplomphaJoee'le,  from  aap^,  aapKOi, 
'flesh,'  £77irXoor,  'the  epiploon,'  and  ojupaXoi,  'the 
navel.'  Umbilical  hernia,  formed  by  scirrhous 
epiploon  or  complicated  with  sarcoma. 
SARCOHYDROCELE,  Hydro-sarcocele. 
SARCOLEM'MA,  Sarcole'ma,  from  cap^,  aapKog, 
'flesh,'  and  >£/i^a,  'a  coat.'  The  sheath  which 
surrounds  the  fibrils  of  muscle  that  form  a  fibre. 
It  is  quite  distinct  from  the  areolar  membrane 
that  binds  the  fibres  into  fasciculi.  —  Bowman. 
See  Pervmisium. 

SARCOLOGIA,  Myology,  Sarcology. 
SARCOL'OGY,  Safcolr,r/"ia,  from  <7apf,  (rnpKo;, 
'  flesh,'  and  Xoyo;,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  the  soft  parts.  It  comprises 
myology,  angiology,  neurology,  and  splanch- 
nology 

SARCO'MA,  Emphy'ma  Sarcoma,  Sareom'a- 
touK  tumour,  Sarco'sin,  Porrus,  Sarcophy' la,  Ecsar- 
co'ma,  Exsarco'ma,  Tumor  car'iiens,  Excresccn'tla 
carno'sa,  Pol'ypus  carno'sus,  from  cap^,  aapKOs, 
'  flesh.'  Any  species  of  excrescence  having  a 
fleshy  consistence. 

Sarcoma,  Carcinomatous,  Scirrhus — s.  Cer- 
cosis,  see  Cercosis  —  s.  Epulis,  Epulis  —  s.  Gela- 
tinous, see  Tumour,  fibro-cellular  —  s.  Mastoid, 
Mammary  sarcoma  —  s.  Medullare,  see  Encepha- 
loid  —  s.  Medullary,  Encophaloid,  Haematodes 
fungus — s.  Pulpy,  Haematodes  fungus — s.  Scroti, 
Sarcocele. 

Sarcoma,  Common  Vas'cular  or  Or'ganized 
of  Abernethy,  Emphy'ma  Sarcoma  VascuJo'snm, 
is  vascular  throughout:    texture    simple;    when 
bulky,  napped    on    the   surface  with  arborescent 
veins.    Found  over  the  body  and  limbs  generally. 
SARCOMA TEUX,  Sarcomatous. 
SARCOMATODES,  Sarcomatous. 
SARCOMATOSUS,  Sarcomatous. 
SARCOM'ATOUS,     Sarcomata' su'i,     Sarcnma- 
t.o'den,  CE.)  Sarcomateux.    Belonging  to,  or  having 
the  characters  of  sarcoma. 

SARCOMPHALUM,  Sarcomphalus. 
SARCOM'PHALUS,     Sarcom' phalum,     from 
aap^,    (xapKog,  'flesh,'    and    ofiifioKoq,    'the    navel.' 
A  scirrhous  or  fleshy  tumour,  developed  at  the 
navel. 

SARCOMYCES.  Sarcospongus. 
SARCOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous,  Catheretic. 
SARCOPHYIA,  Excresence,  Sarcoma. 
SARCOPSYLLA  PENETRANS,  Chiqne. 
SARCOPTE,  Acarus. 
SARCOPTES,  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 
SARCOPYO'DES,   from   aap^,   caoKo;,   'flesh,' 
TT'jov,    'pus,'   and    £!<5o;,    'resemblance.'      Having 
the  appearance  of  pus  mixed  with  flesh.     An  epi- 
thet given  to  certain  excreted  matters,  and  par- 
ticularly to  the  sputa  of  those  labouring  under 
consumption. 

SARCO'SIS,  from  (rapf,  (rapKo;,  'flesh.'  The 
formation  of  flesh.     Also,  sarcoma. 

Sarco'sis  Bclbi,  E.rophthal'mia  funi^o'sn  seu 
irireomat'ica.  A  fleshy  growth  from  the  globe  of 
the  eye. 


Saroosis  Uteri,  Metrauxe. 

SARCOSPONG'US,  Sarcomy'ces,  from  aagl. 
capKog,  '  flesh,'  and  ajroyyos,  '  fungus.'  A  fleshy 
fungus. 

SARCOSTOSIS,  Osteo-sarcoma. 

SARCOTIC,  Incarnans. 

SARCOUS,  from  aap^,  crapKos,  'flesh.'  Of.  or 
belonging  to,  flesh  or  muscle  —  as  '  sarcous  tis- 
sue.' 

Sarcous  'Ei^'etseihts,  Prim'itive  par'ticle*.  The 
elementary  particles,  which,  by  their  union,  form 
the  mass  of  muscular  fibre.  —  Bowman. 

SARDIASIS,  Canine  laugh,  Risus  sardonicus. 

SARDONIA  HERBA,  Ranunculus  sceleratus. 

SARDONIASIS,  Canine  laugh,  Risus  sardo- 
nicus. 

SARDONIUS  RISUS,  Canine  laugh. 

SARE,  Essera. 

SARRACE'NIA,  Side-saddle  plant,  Flytrap. 
The  root  of  Sarracenia  flava  and  S.  variola'ria 
is  bitter  and  astringent,  and  has  been  used  in 
South  Carolina,  as  a  domestic  remedy  in  dys- 
pepsia. 

SARRASIN,  Polygonum  fagopyrum. 

SARRETE,  Trismus  infantum. 

SARRIETTE,  Satureia  hortensis— s.  de  Crete, 
Satureia  capitata. 

SARSA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SARSAPARILLA,  (S.)  Zarza,  'a  briar,'  and 
parilla,  '  a  little  vine.'  Menispermum  Canadense, 
Smilax  S. 

Sarsaparilla,  False,  Aralia  nudicaulis. 

SarSAPARIl'la  German'ica,  Gramen  major 
seu  rubntm,  Salsapan'l'la  Germanica,  Carex  Are- 
iia'ria,  (F.)  Laiche,  L.  des  Sables,  Salsepareille 
d'Allemagne,  Chiendent  rouge.  Ord.  Cyperaceae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Triandria.  A  plant,  which 
grows  plentifully  on  the  sea-coasts  of  Europe.  It 
has  been  recommended  in  some  mucous  affections 
of  the  trachea,  in  rheumatism,  gout,  .&c. 

Sarsaparilla,  Indian,  Hemidesmus  Indicus 
—  s.  AVild,  Aralia  nudicaulis. 

SARTAPARILLA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SARTO'RIUS,  from  sartor,  'a  tailor,'  because 
used  in  crossing  the  legs.  Suto'rius,  Louqis'si- 
mus  Eem'oris,  Fascia'lis,  F.  Longus  seu  suto'rius, 
(F.)  Ilio-cresti-tihial,  Tlio-pretihial  (Ch.),  Coutu- 
rier. A  muscle  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  is  long,  small,  and  flattened,  and 
extends,  obliquely,  from  the  anterior  and  superior 
spine  of  the  ilium  to  the  superior  and  inner  part 
of  the  tibia.  This  muscle  can,  also,  bend  the  pel- 
vis on  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 

SARX,  Flesh,  Pulp. 

SARZA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SASSA  GUM.  A  gum,  occasionally  carried 
into  the  European  markets  from  the  East,  and 
answering  exactly  to  Bruce's  description  of  the 
product  of  a  tree,  which  he  calls  Sassa.  It  has 
considerable  resemblance  to  Gum  Tragacanth. 

SASSAFRAS,  Laurus  sassafras,  Nectandra 
cymbarum — -s.  Medulla,  see  Laurus  sassafras — s. 
Nut,  see  Pichurim  beans  —  s.  Radicis  cortex,  see 
Laurus  sassafras. 

Sassafras,  Swamp,  Magnolia  glauca. 

Sassafras  Tea,  Saloop. 

SASSY  BARK,  A  poisonous  bark  of  a  large 
tree — Genus,  Erythrophleum,  E.  Judicin'le ;  Nat. 
Ord.  Fabacefe;  Red  water  tree  of  Sierra  Leone — 
growing  in  Western  and  Central  Africa,  used  in 
an  ordeal  to  which  persons,  suspected  of  witch- 
craft, secret  murder,  and  other  crimes,  are  sub- 
jected, to  test  their  innocence  or  guilt.  Hence  it 
is  called,  in  Congo,  ordeal  bark,  and  in  Ashantee 
and  Liberia,  doom  bark. 

SAT'ELLITE,  Satelles,  genitive  Satellitis. 
That  which  guards.     That  which  is  placed  near. 

Satellite  Veins  are  those  that  accompany 
arteries. 


SATHE 


821 


SAXONICUS   PULVIS 


SATHE,  Penis. 

SATIES,  Satiety. 

SATIETAS,  Plesmone,  Satiety. 

SATI'ETY,  Sati'etaa,  Satu'n'tae,  Sa'ties,  Sa- 
tura'tio,  Plethos,  Plesmone,  from  satiare  (itself 
from  scitie,  'enough'),  'to  give  enough.'  Disgust 
for  food  ;  commonly  produced  by  repletion. 

SATIN,  Lunaria  rediviva. 

SATURANS,  Absorbent  (medicine.) 

SATURATIO,  Satiety,  Saturation. 

SATURA'TION,  Satura'tio,  from  saturare, 
safiiratitm,  {satis,  'enough'),  'to  satiate.'  The 
state  of  a  compound  in  which  its  elements  are 
combined  in  such  proportions  that  a  fresh  quan- 
tity of  either  cannot  be  added  without  producing 
excess. 

SATUREI'A  CAPITA'TA,  from  Sarupot, .' the 
Satyrs;'  owing  to  its  presumed  power  of  exciting 
to  venery.  Cil'iated  Sa'vory,  Thymus,  T.  sylves'- 
tris  seu  capita'tus  seu  Gret'icas,  Citni'la,  (F.)  iS'«r- 
riette  de  Crete.  Ord.  LabiatiB.  Sex.  Syst.  Didy- 
namia  Gymnospermia.  Possesses  similar  pro- 
perties to  thyme. 

Saturei'a  Horten'sis,  Satureia,  S.  sati'va, 
Cuni'la  sativa  Pliii'U,  Thymbra,  Summer  Sa'- 
vory, (F.)  Sarriette.  An  aromatic  plant,  culti- 
vated for  culinary  purposes.  It  has  been  used, 
as  an  excitant,  in  anorexia,  anaphrodisia,  &o. 

SATDREtA  Origanoides,  Cunila  mariana  —  s. 
Sativa,  S.  hortensis. 

SATURITAS,  Satiety. 

SATURNI  DULCEDO,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

SAT'URNINE,  Sutnrni'uus,  from  aaturnus, 
'lead.'     Containing,  or  caused  by,  lead. 

Sat'drnine  Breath.  The  peculiar  odour  of 
the  breath  in  one  labouring  under  Saturnismus. 

SATURNISM'DS,  Intoxica'tio  seu  Cachex'ia 
seu  Dyscrasia  saturni'na,  Ilolybdocachex'ia,  from 
satnrnus,  'lead.'  Poisoning  by  lead;  lead-poi- 
soning; saturnine  cachexy. 

SATURNUS,  Plumbum. 

SATYRI'ASIS,  from  Yarvpo?,  'a  Satyr;'  be- 
cause the  Satyrs  were  greatly  addicted  to  venery. 
S.  furens,  Satyrias'mus,  Satyris'mns,  Priapis'- 
nius,  Salac"itae,  Brachu'na,  Aras'con,  Lagne'sis 
Salac"itas,  L.  furor  mascidi'iius,  Lagne'a,  Lag- 
ni'a,  Lagno'sis,  Lasciv'ia,  Lasciv'itas,  Tenti'go 
vere'tri.  An  irresistible  desire,  in  man,  to  have 
frequent  connexion  with  females,  accompanied 
by  the  power  of  doing  so  without  exhaustion. 
The  causes  are  commonly  obscure.  Sometimes, 
the  abuse  of  aphrodisiacs  has  occasioned  it.  The 
principal  symptoms  are  :  —  almost  constant  erec- 
tion ;  irresistible  and  almost  insatiable  desire  for 
venery;  frequent  nocturnal  pollutions.  Cold 
lotions;  the  cold  bath;  a  mild  diet;  active  exer- 
cise, &e.,  are  the  only  means  that  can  be  adopted 
for  its  removal. 

Satyrtasis  Furens,  Satyriasis. 

SATYRIASMUS,  Satyriasis. 

SATYRION,  Orchis  mascula. 

SATYRISMUS,  Satyriasis. 

SATYRIUM,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

SAUARJA,  Saoria. 

SAUCE-ALONE,  Alliaria. 

SAUCE,  GREEN,  Rumex  scutatus. 

SAUCH.  Salix. 

SAUER  KRAUT,  (G.),  'sour  cabbage,' (F.) 
Choit-croufe.  A  culinary  preparation,  made  with 
chopped  cabbage,  left  to  attain  an  incipient  state 
of  acetous  fermentation.  It  is  reputed  by  the 
Germans  to  he  salubrious,  easy  of  digestion,  and 
eminently  antiscorbutic. 

SAUGE,  Salvia  —  s.  des  Bois,  Teucriura  scor- 
dium  —  «.  Grande,  Salvia  sclarea  —  s.  Hormin, 
Salvia  borminum  —  s.  de  Jerusalem,  Pulmonaria 
—  «.  Petite.  Salvia  —  «.  Sclarie,  Salvia  sclarea. 

SAUGH,'  Salix. 

SAULE,  Salix. 


SAUMURE.  Muria. 

SAUNDERS,  RED,  Pterocarpus  santalinus  — 
s.  Tree,  Pterocarpus  santalinus — s.  Yellow,  San- 
talum  album. 

SAURA,  Lizard. 

SAURU'RUS  CER'NUUS,  from  uavpo^,  'a 
lizard,'  and  ovpa,  '  a  tail.'  Lizard's  Tail,  Breast 
weed.  Indigenous;  Orc/er,  Saururacese ;  flower- 
ing in  June.  It  has  been  used  in  lumbago.  The 
bruised  root  is  emollient,  and  is  a  popular  ap- 
plication to  inflamed  breasts. 

SAUSAGE  POISON,  Allantotoxicum. 

SAUT,  Leap. 

SAUTE  USES,  see  Convulsionnaire. 

SA  UVE-  VIE,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

SAVE,  Sage. 

SA  VEUR,  Savour. 

SAVINE,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SA  VINIER,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SAVON,  Sapo  —  s.  Ammoniacal,  Linimentum 
aramonise  fortius  —  s.  Cacao,  Sapo  coconeus  —  s. 
Calcaire,  Linimentum  aquae  calcis — s.  Bur,  Sapo 
durus  —  e.  Medicinal,  Sapo  medicinalis  —  s.  Mott, 
Sapo  mollis  —  s.  Noir,  Sapo  mollis. 

SAVONNIER  COMMUN,  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria. 

SA  VONNTERE,  Saponaria. 

SAVONULE,  Saponulus. 

SAVONULUS,  Saponulus. 

SAVORY,  CILIATED,  Satureia  capitata— s. 
Summer,  Satureia  hortensis. 

SA'VOUR,  Sapor,  Taste,  (F.)  Saveur.  Quality 
of  bodies,  by  which  they  act  upon  the  sense  of 
taste.  Chymists,  at  times,  avail  themselves  of 
this  quality  to  analj'se  an  unknown  substance. 

SAVOUREUX,  Savoury. 

SA'VOURY,  Sap'idus,  (F.)  Savoureux.  An 
epithet  given  to  bodies  that  have  taste;  and 
particularly  to  those  that  excite  a  very  agreeable 
impression  on  the  organ  of  taste. 

SAVOYAN,  Galium  verum. 

SAW,  Prion,  Serra,  (Da.)  Sawe,  (Sax.)  r*5&> 
(F.)  Scie.  A  surgical  instrument,  made  like  a 
common  saw ;  and  used  for  sawing  the  bones  in 
amputations,  or  for  removing  exostoses,  &c.  Saws 
of  difiFerent  sizes  and  shapes  are  used  in  surgery. 
The  crown  of  the  trepan  is  nothing  more  than  a 
species  of  circular  saw. 

Saw,  Amputa'tion,  Serra  amputato' ria.  The 
saw  used  in  amputation. 

Saw,  Hey's.  An  instrument  used  by  Mr.  Hey, 
of  Leeds,  in  fractures  of  the  cranium.  It  consists 
of  a  long  handle,  to  which  a  small  saw  with  a 
convex  or  straight  edge  is  attached,  and  by  which 
a  piece  of  bone  of  any  shape  may  be  removed. 
With  the  trephine,  the  saw  must  always  be  cir- 
cular. 

SAW  PALMETTO,  Chamserops  serratula  — s. 
Wort,  Liatris. 

SAXIF'RAGA,  from  saxvm,  'a  stone,'  and 
frango,  '  I  break.'  Pimpinella  saxifraga — s.  An- 
glica,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

Saxip'raga  Crassipo'lia.  Ord.  Saxifragaceae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Digynia.  The  root  of  this 
species  of  saxifrage  has  been  extolled  by  Pallas, 
as  pre-eminently  antiseptic. 

Saxifraga  Granula'ta,  S.  alba,  Sanic'ula, 
Sedum,  White  sax'i/rage,  CF.)  Saxifrage  granulee. 
Recommended  as  diurectic  and  lithontriptic ;  but 
not  used. 

Saxifraga  Rubra,  Spiraea  filipendula  —  s. 
Vulgaris,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

SAXIFRAGE,  BURNET,  Pimpinella  saxifraga 
—  8.  Granulee,  Saxifraga  granulata  —  s.  Meadow, 
Peucedanum  silaus  —  s.  White,  Saxifraga  gra- 
nulata. 

SAXIFRAGUS,  Lithontriptic. 

SAXON'ICUS  PULVIS.  A  powder,  prepared 
with  the  roots  of  the  wild  and  cultivated  ange- 


SCAB 


822     SCAMNUM   HIPPOCRATICUM 


It  was  ! 


lica;   the   asclepias  vincetoxicuin,  «S;c 
considered  formerly  as  an  antidote. 

SCAB,  Sca'bies,  from  scahere,  '  to  dig.'  Scall, 
(Prov.)  Bove.  An  incrustation,  which  forms 
upon  a  sore,  owing  to  the  concretion  of  the  fluid 
discharged  from  it.    An  eschar. 

SCABBY  or  SCABBED.  Covered  or  diseased 
with  scabs. 

SCABIES,  Psora  — s.  Agria,  Lichen  —  s.  Ca- 
pitis, Porrigo  lupinosa,  Porrigo  scutulata  —  s. 
Capitis  favosa,  Porrigo  favosa — s.  Crustosa,  Kad- 
zyge — s.  Fera,  Ecthyma. 

Sca'bies  Feri'na,  Itch  of  animals,  Mange,  (pro- 
nounced Maynge.)  A  cutaneous  disease,  which 
affects  almost  all  domestic  animals,  but  especially 
the  horse,  sheep,  dog,  and  cow.  It  is  said  to 
have  been  transmitted  to  man ;  but  this  is  ques- 
tionable. 

Scabies  Ferina,  Psoriasis  —  s.  Norwegica 
Boeckii,  Radzyge  — s.  Papuliformis,  Prurigo  — s. 
Sicca,  Lichen,  Psoriasis  —  s.  Venerea  contagiosa, 
Scherlievo. 

SCAB  IE  USE  ORDINAIRE,  Scabiosa. 
SCABIOLA,  Scabies. 

SCABIO'SA,  <S'.  arven'sis,  Tri'eTiera  arven'ais. 
Field  Sca'bious,  (Sc.)  Eastning  wort,  (F.)  Sca- 
hieuse  ordinaire.  Ord.  Dipsaceae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Tetrandria  Monogynia.  From  scaber,  'rough,' 
owing  to  its  rough  hairy  surface.'  The  plant  is 
bitter  and  sub-astringent,  and  was  formerly  used 
in  the  cure  of  leprous  affections  and  diseased 
lungs. 

Scabiosa  Arvensis,  Scabiosa  —  s.  Carduifolia, 
Echinops. 

Scabiosa  SuCCI'sA,  Succisa,  S.  praten'dis,  Aste- 
roceph'alus  succisa,  3Iorsus  Diab'oli,  Devil's  bit, 
(F.)  3Iors  du  Diable,  has  similar  properties. 

SCABIOUS,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum  —  s. 
Field,  Scabiosa  —  s.  Sweet,  Erigeron  heterophyl- 
lum. 

SCABISH,  (Enothera  biennis. 
SCABRITIES,  Lichen,  Trachoma. 
SCALA,  'a  ladder.'     A  machine  formerly  used 
for  reducing  dislocations  of  the  humerus. 

ScaLjE  of  the  Coch'lea,  Gyri  seu  Ductus  spi- 
ra'les  seu  Cana'les  cochlea,  (  F.  )  Bampes  ou 
Eclielles  da  Lima<!on  —  are  the  cavities  in  the 
cochlea,  separated  from  each  other  by  the  spiral 
septum.  The  one — Seala  inter'na  seu  jioste'rior 
seu  inferior  coch'lecp,  S.  tym'pani  —  would  com- 
municate with  the  cavitas  tympani  by  the  fenes- 
tra rotunda,  were  it  not  for  the  membrane  that 
closes  it.  The  other — Seala  exter'na  seu  ante'- 
rior  seu  superior  coch'lecp,  S.  vestib'uli — opens 
into  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule.  The  scalse  com- 
municate with  each  other  by  an  opening  at  the 
top  of  the  partition. 

ScALA  Anterior  Cochlea,  see  Seala — s. 
Clausa,  see  Seala — s.  Externa  cochlea?,  see  Seala 
— s.  Inferior  cochleae,  see  Seala — s.  Interior  coch- 
le£e,  see  Seala — s.  Posterior  cochleae,  see  Seala 

—  s.  Superior  cochleae,  see  Seala — s.  Tympani, 
see  Cochlea,  and  Seala — s.  Vestibuli,  see  Coch- 
lea, and  Seala. 

SCALDRICKS,  Sinapis  a'-vensis. 

SCALE,  Sax.  rcale,  from  rcylan,  '  to  divide, 
separate;'  (6.)  Schale,  'shell,  peel;'  schalen, 
'to  shell,  to  peel.'  Squama,  Lepis,  (F.)  Eseaille, 
Ecaille.  An  opake  and  thickened  lamina  of 
cuticle,  commonly  produced  by  some  degree  of 
inflammation  of  the  true  skin,  over  which  it  is 
formed. 

Scale,  Dry,  Psoriasis. 

SCALENE  ANTERIEUR,  Scalenus  anticus 

—  s.  Posterieiir,  Scalenus  posticus. 
SCALE'NUS,  aKa'Xnvo;,  'irregular  or  unequal.' 

Geometers  employ  this  word  to  designate  a  tri- 
angle whose  three  sides  are  unequal.    Anatomists 


have  given  the  name  to  two  muscles.  1.  Scalenus 
Anti'cuS,  Portion  of  the  Costo-trachelian  (Ch.), 
(F.)  Scalene  anterienr,  is  situate  at  the  internal 
and  inferior  parts  of  the  neck.  It  is  long  and 
triangular;  and  is  inserted,  below,  at  the  upper 
surface  of  the  first  rib;  and,  above,  at  the  ante- 
rior tubercle  of  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
3d,  4th,  5th,  and  6th  cervical  vertebrae.  This 
muscle  bends  the  neck,  and  draws  it  to  its  side. 
It  can  also  raise  the  first  rib.  2.  Scalenus  Pos- 
Tl'crs,  (F.)  Scalene  posterieiir,  Portion  of  the 
Costo-trachelian  (Ch.),  is  situate  behind  the  last. 
It  is,  also,  long  and  triangular;  but  more  bulky 
than  the  .S*.  anticus.  It  is  attached,  below,  to  the 
outer  surface  of  the  first  two  ribs  ;  and  terminates, 
above,  at  the  summit  of  the  transverse  processes 
of  the  last  six  vertebrse  of  the  neck.  This  mus- 
cle bends  the  neck  laterally,  and  can  elevate  the 
first  two  ribs.  Some  anatomists,  as  Albinus  and 
Sommering,  have  described  five  scaleni  muscles 
on  each  side,  and  have  called  them  Scalemis 
prior,  S.  min'inins,  S.  latera'lis,  S.  me'dius,  S. 
posti'cns.  Riolan  and  Chaussier  only  describe 
one  scalenus  muscle  on  each  side.  Cowper  and 
Douglas,  and  the  generality  of  the  English  ana- 
tomists, admit  three,  S.  anti'cus,  vie'dius,  and 
posti'cus ;  or,  primus,  secun'dus,  and  ter'tins ; 
Winslow,  Boyer,  and  many  of  the  French  anato- 
mists,— two,  as  above  described. 

SCALING  —  same  etymon  as  Scale — in  dentis- 
try, is  an  operation,  which  consists  in  removing 
the  tartar  from  the  teeth. 

SCALL,  ((Sc.)  Skatv,)  Impetigo,  Scab— s.  As- 
bestos, see  Eczema  of  the  hairy  scalp — s.  Crusted, 
Impetigo — s.  Dry,  Psoriasis — s.  Honeycnmb,  Por- 
rigo fiivosa — s.  Humid,  Eczema— s.  Milky,  Por- 
rigo larvalis — s.  Papulous,  Ecthyma — s.  Running, 
Eczema,  Impetigo  —  s.  Vesicular,  Eczema  capitis 
—  s.  Washerwoman's,  Psoriasis  diffusa. 
SCALLARD,  Porrigo. 
SCALLED  HEAD,  Porrigo,  P.  scutulata. 
SCALP,  Teut.Sch el pe,  'a  shell.'    (Old  Eng.) 
Scoj).    The  integuments  covering  the  head.    The 
hairy  scalp  is  called,  also,  Capillit"ium,  Tricho'- 
ton,  CcBsa'ries,  (F.)  Chevelure,  Cuir  chevelu. 

SCALPEL,  Scalpel' lum,  Scalpel'lus,  Cutter, 
Inciso'rium,  Smi'leon  :  from  scalpo,  '  I  cut.'  A 
cutting  instrument,  formed  of  a  lilade  of  well- 
tempered  steel,  very  sharp,  of  variable  shape  and 
size,  and  fixed  solidly  in  a  handle.  Its -use  is  to 
divide  the  soft  parts  in  operations,  dissection,  &,c. 
SCALPELLUM,  Scalpel— s.  Lenticulare,  Pha- 
copis. 

SCALPELLUS,  Biatouri,  Scalpel. 
SCALPEUM,  Bistonri. 

SCALPRUM,  Raspatorium  —  s.  Chirurgicum, 
Lancet. 

ScALPRUM  Denta'rium,  Lima  denta'ria.  A 
tooth-file.  A  dental  file  or  file  used  by  the 
dentist. 

ScALPRFM  Rasorium,  Raspatorium. 
SCALY,  Squamous. 

Scaly  Diseases  or  SquamjE,  Lepido'ses,  form 
the  second  order  in  Willan  and  Bateman's  system 
of  cutaneous  diseases. 
SCAMMA,  Fossa. 

SCAM3WNEE  B'ALEP,  Convolvulus  scam- 
monia. 

SCAMMONIUM,  see  Convolvulus  scammonia 
—  s.  Syriaenm,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 
SCAMMONY,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 
Scammony,  Bourbon.     The  concrete  juice  of 
Perij)loca  3Iauritiana. 

Scammony,  Germany.  The  concrete  juice  of 
Convolvulus  sepium. 

Scammony  of  Montpellier,  Cynanehum  Mon- 
speliacum. 

SCAMNUM  HIPPOCRAT'ICUM,  {seamnum, 


SCANDIX 


823 


SCAPULAR 


'a  bench.')  Bathron  Hippocrati'on  of  Galen, 
(F.)  Banc  d' Hippocrate.  A  machine  invented 
by  Hippocrates  for  reducing  fractures.  It  was  a 
sort  of  bed,  six  feet  long,  on  which  the  patient 
was  fixed.  Straps  were  attached  above  and  be- 
low the  fracture  or  luxation,  and  extension  and 
counter-extension  were  eflFected  by  a  winch.  It 
is  described  in  Galen,  Oribasius,  Scultetus,  Ac. 
See  Bathron. 

SCANDIX,  S.  cerefolium. 

ScANDix  BuLBOCASTANUM,  Bunium  bulbocas- 
tanura. 

ScANDtX  Cerepo'lium,  Scaiidix,  Scandi/x, 
Pecteii  Veii'eris,  Cerefolium,  Baitcus  Seprin'ius, 
ChcBrophyl'lum,  Oh.  Sati'vum  seu  Cere/o' litem, 
Anthris'cus  cerefolium,  Chcerefo'lium,  Chervil, 
(F.)  Cerfeuil.  Ord.  Umbellifera;.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  A  culinary  herb,  which  is 
slightly  aromatic  and  grateful.  It  is  said  to  be 
gently  aperient  and  diuretic. 

ScANDix  Odora'ta,  Sweet  Cic"ely.  Properties 
the  same  as  the  other.  Also,  Cha3rophyllum 
odoratum. 

SCANDULARIUS  MUSCULUS,  Parathenar, 
Transversus  pedis. 

SCANDYX,  Scandix  cerefolium. 

SCAPH  A,  Scaphus,  '  a  skiff  or  cock-boat,'  from 
o-xairro),  '  I  make  hollow.'  The  excavation  or 
cavity  of  the  external  ear,  between  the  helix  and 
anthelix.  The  meatus  auditorius  externus.  The 
rima  vulvae.  Also  the  name  of  a  bandage  for  the 
head,  mentioned  by  Galen,  and  called,  likewise, 
Tholus  Diocle'us. 

SCAPHIA,  Nates. 

SCAPHION,  Cranium,  Papaver  (Capsule). 

SCA'PHIUM  OCULA'RE,  Pelvis  Octda'ris, 
Eye-glass,  (F.)  Bassin  ou  Condole  oculaire, 
(Eilliere.  A  small  porcelain,  glass  or  metallic 
vessel,  used  for  applying  lotions  to  the  eye. 

SCAPHO  -  CARPO  -  SUPER-  PHALANGEUS 
POLLICIS,  Abductor  pollicis  brevis. 

SCAPHOID,  Seaphoi'des,  from  aKa<pri,  'a  skiff,' 
and  uioi,  'form.'    A  name  given  to  several  parts. 

Scaphoid  Fossa,  Fossa  Seaphoi'des,  (F.)  En- 
foncement  Scaphoide.  A  small  cavity  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid 
process,  in  which  the  peris taphylin us  internus  is 
attached. 

Scaphoid  Bone  of  the  Hand,  Os  Scapho'ides 
Man'iia  seu  navicula' re  seu  cymbifor'me.  Boat-like 
bone,  (F.)  Scapho'ide  de  la  main.  The  first  bone 
of  the  first  row  of  the  carpus.  The  upper  sur- 
face is  convex,  and  articulated  with  the  radius. 
The  under  and  outer  surfaces  are  also  convex, — 
to  be  articulated  with  the  trapezium  and  trape- 
zoides.  Between  the  upper  and  under  cartilagi- 
nous surfaces  there  is  a  rough  fussa  for  the  inser- 
tion of  the  capsular  ligament.  The  anterior  and 
inner  surface  has  an  oval  cavity,  where  it  is  arti- 
culated with  the  OS  magnum,  which  gives  name 
to  the  bone.  There  is  a  process  on  the  outer  end 
of  the  bone,  for  the  attachment  of  part  of  the  an- 
terior transverse  ligament  of  the  wrist. 

Scaphoid  Bone  op  the  Foot,  Os  Scapho'ides 
Pedis  seu  navicula' re.  seu  cymbifor'me.  Boat-like 
lone,  (P.)  Scaphoide  du  Pied.  This  bone  is 
situate  at  the  forepart  of  the  astragalus  and  inner 
part  of  the  foot.  The  posterior  surface  forms  a 
cavity,  somewhat  like  that  of  a  boat,  for  receiving 
the  head  of  the  astragalus.  There  is  a  promi- 
nence at  the  inner  side  of  the  bone,  for  the  inser- 
tion of  tendons,  muscles,  and  strong  ligaments.  | 
The  forepart  of  the  bone  is  convex,  and  divided 
into  three  articular  surfaces  for  articulation  with 
the  ossa  cuneiforraia.  Between  the  os  naviculare 
and  astragalus,  the  foot  has  its  principal  lateral 
and  rotary  motions;  although  each  of  the  other 
joints  of  the  tarsus  contributes  a  little.  Part  of 
the  tibialis  posticus  is  inserted  into  it. 


SCAPHOlBE  DE  LA  3TAIN,  Os  scaphoides 
mands  —  a.  du  Pied,  Os  scaphoides  pedis. 

SCAPHOiDO  -  ASTRAG '  ALAN,  Scaphoido- 
astragala'nus.  That  which  relates  to  the  sca- 
phoid bone  and  astragalus.  The  articulation  of 
these  bones  is  so  called;  and  the  ligament  which 
strengthens  it  is  termed  the  Scaphoido-astragalan 
ligament. 

SCAPHOIDO-CUBOID,  Scaphoido-cuhoida'- 
tis.  That  which  relates  to  the  scaphoid  and  cu- 
boid bones.  The  articulation  of  those  bones  is 
so  called. 

SCAPHULA,  Navicularis  fossa. 

SCAPHUS,  Auditory  canal,  external,  Rima 
vulvae,  Scapha. 

SCAP'ULA,  Scap'uhim,  Plata,  Omopla'ta,  Ho- 
moplata,  Scop'tula,  Epino'tion,  Latitu'do  hu'meri, 
Omo])'late,  Os  latum  hu'meri,  Scutum  thora'cis 
seu  cordis,  Spath'ula,  Pteryg'ium,  Chelo'nium, 
Spat'ula;  Blade-bone,  Shoulder-blade,  (Prov.) 
Shield-bone,  Plate-bone,  Spade-bone,  (F.)  Omo- 
plate.  An  irregular,  broad,  flat  bone,  of  a  tri- 
angular shape,  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
shoulder.  It  has,  1.  A  posterior  or  dorsal  sur- 
face or  Dorsum,  Testu'do  scapu'lcB,  divided  trans- 
versely into  two  parts,  by  a  triangular  process, 
called  Spine  of  the  Scapula;  which  terminates 
by  a  considerable  eminence,  called  Acromion. 
Above  the  spine,  is  the  Fossa  supra-spinata ; 
below  it,  the  F.  infra- spin  at  a.  2.  An  anterior 
or  costal  surface  or  venter,  forming  the  Fossa 
subscapular  is.  3.  A  superior  or  cervical  edge, 
which  is  thin,  and  terminates,  anteriorly,  by  a 
strong,  curved  apophysis,  called  the  coracoid 
process.  4.  A  posterior  or  vertebral  edge,  called, 
also,  the  base.  5.  An  outer  or  axillary  or  infe- 
rior edge,  having  a  thick,  truncated  angle,  in 
which  is  the  glenoid  cavity.  With  this  is  articu- 
lated the  head  of  the  humerus.  The  glenoid 
cavity  is  separated  from  the  body  of  the  bone  by 
a  narrow  part  called  the  cervix  or  neck.  The 
edges  or  margins  are,  also,  called  costce.  The 
scapula  has  three  angles  —  an  inferior,  superior, 
and  anterior. 

Scapula,  Humerus. 

ScapuLjE  Nasi,  Partes  latera'les  nasi.  The 
lateral  parts  of  the  nose. 

SCAPULAL'GIA  ;  from  scapula,  '  the  shoul- 
der-blade,' and  aAj/of,  'pain.'  Arthralgia  of  the 
shoulder-joint. 

SCAP'ULAR,  Scap'ulary,  Scapula'ris,  (F.) 
Scapulaire,  from  sccipula,  'the  shoulder-blade.' 
That  which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  scapula. 

Scapular  Aponeuro'sis.  A  broad,  thin  apo- 
neurosis, with  decussating  fibres ;  which  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  spine  of  the  scapula;  below, 
to  a  crest  between  the  teres  major  and  infra-spi- 
natus ;  within,  to  the  spinal  edge  of  the  scapula ; 
and  which,  at  its  middle,  unites  with  the  thin 
aponeurosis  that  covers  a  part  of  the  external 
surface  of  the  deltoid. 

Scapular  Arteries.  These  are  several. 
a.  The  Superior  scapular,  Superficial  scapular 
of  Sbmmering,  Dorsa'lis  scapulcB  superior,  Trans- 
versa'lis  scapulcB,  T.  Hu'meri.  This  arises  from 
the  subclavian ;  and  often  from  the  inferior  thy- 
roid, or  from  a  trunk  common  to  it  and  the  pos- 
terior scapular  or  transverse  scapular  or  cervical. 
It  passes  behind  the  clavical,  above  the  superior 
edge  of  the  scapula,  and  buries  itself  between  the 
dorsal  surface  of  that  bone  and  the  muscles  in- 
serted into  it.  6.  The  inferior  scapular  or  com- 
mon scapular  or  internal  scapular  or  subscapular 
artery,  A.  Thorao"ica  axilla'ris  seu  ala'ris  is  of 
considerable  size.  It  arises  from  the  inferior  part 
of  the  axillary  artery,  behind  the  brachial  plexus 
— gives  off  several  branches  to  the  armpit,  and 
divides  into  two  branches : — the  one,  Scapida'ris 


SCAPULARE 


824 


SCELOS 


interna,  and  the  smaller  of  the  two,  is  distribu- 
ted, almost  entirely,  to  the  serratus  major  anti- 
cus,  and  latissimus  dorsi;  the  other,  the  larger 
of  the  two,  the  Borsa'lis  Scap'ulcB  inferior  seu 
Circumflex'a  Scapxda'ris,  which  distributes  its 
branches  to  the  subscapular  and  supra-spinal, 
and  infra-spinal  regions. 

Scapular  Notch,  see  Notch,  scapular. 

Scapular  Veins  follow  the  same  course  as  the 
arteries,  which  they  accompany. 

SCAPULARE,  Scapulary. 

SCAP'ULARY,  Scapula're,  Fascia  Scapula'- 
ris,  from  scapula.  A  broad,  linen  bandage,  divi- 
ded into  two  tails  for  three  quarters  of  its  length, 
the  undivided  extremity  of  which  is  attached  to 
the  posterior  and  middle  part  of  a  bandage  car- 
ried round  the  body;  the  tails  passing  over  the 
shoulders;  and  being  attached  to  the  anterior 
part  of  the  body  bandage,  to  prevent  it  from 
slipping  down. 

SCAPULODYN'IA,  from  scapula,  and  o6vvv, 
'pain.'  A  hybrid  word,  signifying  pain  or  rheu- 
matism of  the  shoulder. 

SCAP'ULO-HU'MERAL.  An  epithet  given 
to  the  shoulder-joint.  It  is  an  orbicular  articula- 
tion, resulting  from  the  reception  of  the  head  of 
the  humerus  into  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  sca- 
pula. To  keep  the  bones  in  connexion,  there 
are :  1.  A  very  strong,  conoidal  capsular  liga- 
ment; passing  from  the  circumference  of  the  gle- 
noid cavity  around  the  neck  of  the  humerus.  2. 
A  fibro-cartilaginous  ring,  called  the  glenoid  liga- 
ment, and  a  synovial  capsule. 

SCAPUL0-HU3IERAL,  Teres  major— «.  Hu- 
miro-olecranien,  Triceps  extensor  cubiti — «.  Hi/- 
o'idien,  Omohyoideus  —  s.  Badial,  Biceps  flexor 
cubiti  —  s.  Trochiterien,  grand,  Infra-spinatus. 

SCAPUS,  Penis,  see  Hair. 

SCAR,  Cicatrix. 

Scar,  Seam.  To  mark  with  a  cicatrix  or 
seam;  —  as  scarred,  (Sc.)  arred,  means  marked 
with  a  cicatrix  or  seam. 

SCARABiEOLUS  HEMISPH^RICUS,  Coc- 
cus cacti. 

SCAR'BOROUGH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Scarborough  Spa.  A  celebrated  English  chaly- 
beate, at  Scarborough,  in  Yorkshire.  One  of  the 
springs  is  a  simple,  carbonated  chalybeate,  like 
that  of  Tunbridge :  the  other  has  an  admixture 
of  purging  salt.  Scarborough,  having  the  addi- 
tional advantage  of  sea-bathing,  is  much  fre- 
quented by  invalids. 

SCARCHT,  Hermnphrodite. 

SCARDAMYG'MUS,  Scardamyx'is,  (F.)  Clig- 
nement,  from  oKapiafivaaciv,  'to  wink.'     AVinking. 

SCARFSKIN,  Epidermis. 

SCARIFICA'TION,  Scarifica'tio,  Amt/x'is, 
Schasis,  Cataeas'mus,  Catachas'mus,  Awyg'mus, 
Sehasmus,  Encharax'is,  from  oKa^Kpaofxai,  'to 
make  a  slight  scratch.'  The  act  of  scarifying. 
Also,  a  small  incision,  Am'yche,  made  into  the 
skin  with  a  lancet,  bistoury,  or  scarificator, 
for  different  therapeutical  purposes,  —  as  to 
draw  blood,  or  to  discharge  some  effused  fluid. 
When  the  scarifications  are  very  superficial,  and 
do  not  go  farther  than  the  skin,  they  are  termed 
by  the  French,  Mouchetures. 

SCARIFICA'TOR,  Scarijicato'rium,  Schaste'- 
rium.  Same  etymon.  An  instrument  for  making 
scarifications.  It  consists  of  a  small  brass  box, 
of  a  cubical  shape,  in  which  10  or  12  lancet 
points  turn  upon  a  common  pivot.  By  means  of 
a  spring,  all  these  blades  can  he  made  to  issue  at 
once,  and  make  as  many  scarifications. 

SCARIFICATORIUM,  Scarificator. 

SCARIOLA,  Cichorium  endivia,  Lactuca  sca- 
riola. 

SCARIOLE,  Cichorum  endivia. 


SCARLATA,  Scarlatina. 

SCARLATI'NA,  from  (L)  scarlatte,  'a  deep 
red.'  Scarlata,  Enanthe'sis  Rosa'lia,  Rosa'lia, 
Rossa'lia,  R.  squamo'sa,  Rosa'lia,  Ruhe'olcB,  of 
some,  Morbil'li  ig'nei  seu  eonjluen'tes,  Iforbtis 
ecarlatino'sus,  Febris  scarlatino'sa  seu  rubra, 
Gut'tnris  morbus  epidem'icus  Forest'i,  Pur'pura, 
Typhus  scarlati'nus,  Porphyris'mus,  Porphyris'- 
ma.  Scarlet  or  Rash-fever,  (F.)  Fievre  rouge,  F. 
pourpree.  The  characteristic  symptoms  of  scar- 
latina are  :  —  a  scarlet  flush,  appearing  about  the 
second  day  of  fever  on  the  face,  neck,  and  fauces  ; 
and  progressively  spreading  over  the  body;  ter- 
minating about  the  7th  day.  Two  great  varieties 
may  be  reckoned : — the  S.  simptlex  seu  febris  seu 
benig'na  seu  sine  angi'nd,  in  which  the  fever  is 
moderate  and  terminates  with  the  efBorescence ; 
prostration  of  strength  being  trifling,  and  the 
contagious  property  slight ; — and  the  S.  Angino'sa 
seu  Paristhmit'ica  seu  Cynanch'ica  seu  mii"ior, 
in  which  the  fever  is  severe  ;  the  throat  ulcerated; 
the  eruption  later  in  its  appearance,  and  less  ex- 
tensive ;  often  changing  to  a  livid  hue;  the  fever 
being  highly  contagious.  Scarlati'na  mulig'na 
seu  gra'vior,  has  been  reckoned  a  variety  of  this, 
in  its  worst  degree.  It  agrees  with  the  Cynanche 
maligna  of  Cullen. 

Scarlatina  belongs  to  the  Major  exanthemata, 
and  is  a  disease,  chiefly,  of  children.  The  eruption 
differs  from  that  of  measles,  in  being  an  efliores- 
cence  not- raised  above  the  cuticle.  Measles,  too, 
is  attended  with  catarrhal  symptoms,  whilst  the 
complication,  in  scarlatina,  is  cynanche.  The 
treatment  of  simple  scarlatina  need  not  be  much. 
It  must  be  antiphlogistic.  If  the  throat  be  very 
much  ulcerated,  acid  gargles  and  counter-irri- 
tants must  be  employed ;  and  if  the  affection  be- 
come manifestly  typhoid,  and  the  sore  throat  of 
a  malignant  character,  the  case  must  be  treated 
like  typhus  gravior;  with  antiseptic  gargles  of 
bark,  acid,  &c.  Anasarca  sometimes  supervenes 
on  scarlatina,  and  requires  attention.  Purgatives 
are  here  demanded  as  well  as  the  use  of  sorbefa- 
cients,  such  as  mercury  and  squill,  <fec. 

Scarlatina  Anginosa,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Be- 
nigna,  see  Scarlatina  —  s.  Cynanchica,  see  Scar- 
latina— s.  Febris,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Gravior,  see 
Scarlatina  —  s.  Miliaris,  Rubeola  —  s.  Mitior,  see 
Scarlatina  —  s.  Paristhmitica,  see  Scarlatina — s. 
Pustulosa,  Rubeola  —  s.  Rheumatica,  Dengue  — 
s.  Sine  Angina,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Urticata,  Urti- 
caria. 

SCARLATrNOUS,  Soarlati'nal,  Scarlatino'- 
sus.     Relating  or  appertaining  to  scarlatina. 

SCARLET  BERRY,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

SCARLET  FEVER,  Scarlatina. 

SCATACRASIA,  Scoracrasia. 

SCATACRATIA,  Scoracrasia. 

SCAW,  Sambucus. 

SGEAU  DE  SALOMON,  Convallaria  poly- 
gon atura. 

SCELAL'GIA,  from  c/ctAof,  'the  leg,'  and  uKyo^, 
'pain.'     Pain  of  the  leg. 

ScELALGiA  Antica,  Neuralgia  femoro-pretibi- 
alis  —  s.  Postica,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea  —  s. 
Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

SCELETEU'SIS.  Mummification.  Also,  the 
mode  of  making  a  skeleton,  Skeletopoe'a,  Syn- 
tax'is. 

SCELETOLOGIA,  Skeletology. 

SCELETON,  Skeleton. 

SCELETOPCEA,  Sceleteusis. 

SCELETUM,  Skeleton— s.  Artificiale,  see  Ske- 
leton—  s.  Naturale,  see  Skeleton. 

SCELONCUS,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

SCELORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus  cruris, 
from  eriftAos,  'the  leg,'  and  ptvixa,  ' defluxion, 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  leg. 

SCELOS,  Leg. 


SCELOTTRBE 


825 


SCHWENDECK 


SCELOTYRBE,  Chorea,  Porphyra  nautica  — 
s.  Febrilis,  see  Subsultus  tendinum — s.  Festinans, 
Paralysis  agitans  —  s.  Tarantismus,  Chorea. 

SCEPARNON.  Amnios,  Ascia. 

SCEPASTERIUM,  Couvreckef. 

SCEPASTRUM,  Couvreckef. 

SCEPTRUM,  Penis. 

SCHASIS,  Scarification. 

SCHASMUS,  Scarification. 

SCHASTERION,  Fleam,  Lancet,  Scarificator. 

SCHEBA  ARABUM,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SCHEDULA,  Prescription. 

SCHERBET',  Sherbet',  Serhet',  Tscherbet',  Sor- 
be'thiim,  Sorbet'tum,  SorbeHum.  A  drink  prepared 
by  the  Turks,  Persians,  Egyptians,  <fee.,  with 
sugar  and  the  juice  of  acid  fruits. 

SCHERLIEVO,  Skerljevo,  Male  di  ScherUevo, 
JJale  di  Breno,  3[cde  di  Fiume,  Jfale  di  Scorlievo, 
Hale  scabioso  venerea,  Marrjaretizza,  Jforbiis 
Croatus  seu  fluminien'sis,  Framboe'sia  Ulyr'ica, 
Scabies  venerea  contagio'sa,  Venereal  Itch.  A 
name  given  to  a  particular  form  of  syphilis, 
observed  in  Illyria.  It  is  said  to  be  capable  of 
being  communicated  ■without  immediate  contact; 
and,  that  its  principal  symptoms  are:  —  pains  in 
the  bones,  ulceration  of  the  fauces,  pustules,  and 
fungous  growths  in  diflFereut  parts  of  the  body. 

Affections,  known  by  this  name,  as  well  as  by 
those  of  3Iale  di  Breno,  Falcadi'na,  Boala  and 
Frenga,  prevail  in  the  frontier  countries  of  the 
Austrian  empire,  and  are  generally  regarded  as 
contagious,  of  syphilitic  origin,  and  as  having 
been  introduced  from  a  surrounding  country. 
The  terms  appear,  however,  in  the  course  of  time, 
to  have  been  applied  to  a  variety  of  ulcers,  erup- 
tions, and  other  morbid  conditions  in  no  way 
connected  with  syphilis,  so  that  they  lost  their 
peculiar  signification.  —  Sigmund. 

SCHERO'MA.  A  dryness  of  the  eye  from  the 
want  of  lachrymal  secretion.  —  Dictionaries. 

SCHIAS,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea. 

SCHIATICUS.  Sciatic. 

SCHIDAKE'DOX,  Schidace'dum,  Schindace'- 
du7n,  Sehindal'amus,  Schindal'mus,  from  o-zfi^uj, 
'  I  cleave.'  A  longitudinal  fracture  of  a  bone. — 
Galen. 

SCHINDACEDUM,  Schidakedon. 

SCHINDALAMUS,    Schidakedon,     Sehindy- 

SCHTNDALESIS,  Schindylesis. 

SCHINDALMUS,  Schidakedon,  Schindylesis. 

SCHINDYLE'SIS,  Schindale'sis,  Schindal'a- 
mtis,  Schindal'mus.  An  articulation  of  bones  — 
by  furrowing,  as  it  were  ;  as  in  that  of  the  vomer, 
which  constitutes,  in  part,  the  septum  narium. 
Also,  the  act  of  splitting  into  small  pieces :  from 
c^^ivSvXco),  'I  split  into  small  pieces.' — Hippo- 
crates. 

SCHINEL^'ON,  from  ax'i'o;,  'the  mastic 
tree,' and  cXatov,  'oil;'  Oleum  lentis' cinum.  Oil 
of  mastic.  —  Dioscorides. 

SCHINOCEPHALUS,  Scillocephalus. 

SCHINOS,  Scilla. 

SCHINZNACH  or  HAPSBURG,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  These  springs  are  situate  three 
le^igues  from  Baden,  and  are  amongst  the  most 
celebrated  bathing-places  in  Switzerland.  The 
waters  are  of  the  saline  sulphurous  kind;  and 
have  a  high  reputation  in  cutaneous  and  rheu- 
matic affections,  visceral  obstructions,  and  glan- 
dular enlargements.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
lime,  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  chlo- 
ride of  magnesium,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  oxide 
of  iron ;  sulphohydric  acid,  and  carbonic  acid 
gases. 

SCFIISMA,  Fissure,  Rima. 

SCllISTOCEPH'ALUS,  from  (T;^i(rro5,   'cleft, 


separated,' and  K£(pa\ri,  'head.'  A  monster  having 
some  part  of  the  head  cleft  or  fissured. —  Gurlt. 

SCHISTOCOR'MUS,  from  axfrros,  'cleft,  sepa- 
rated,'  and  Kop/jios,  'trunk.'  A  monster  having 
some  part  of  the  trunk  cleft  or  fissured.  —  Gurlt. 
SCHISTOM'ELUS,  from  <7';^io'rof,  'cleft,  sepa- 
rated,' and  ^tAof,  'a  limb.'  A  monster  whose 
limbs  are  fissured. 

SCHISTORRHACHIS,  Hydrorachis. 
SCHISTOSO'MUS,  from  cx^jros,  'olett,'  and 
ffu/jo,  'body.'  A  malformation  of  the  jibdomen, 
in  which  the  fissure  and  eventration  e.\tend  over 
the  entire  length  of  the  abdomen  ;  the  lower  ex- 
tremities being  absent,  or  very  little  developed, 
so  that  the  body  appears  as  if  truncated  infe- 
riorly. — Vogel. 

SCHIZA,  Rima,  Rima  vulvfe. 
SCHIZATRICH'IA,      Trichos'chisis,     Schizo- 
trich'ia,  from  trp^i^w,  'I  split,'  and  dpi^,  rpt;j;oj,  'a 
hair.'     The  splitting  of  the  hairs  at  their  extre- 
mities.—  J.  P.  Frank. 

SCHLANGENBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Schlangenbad  is  a  much-frequented  water- 
ing-place in  Germany.  The  waters  contain  a 
little  carbonic  acid,  and  carbonate  of  soda.  Tem- 
perature 86°  Fahrenheit. 

SCHNAPPS,  SCHIEDAM,  see  Gin. 
SCHNEIDERIAN    MEMBRANE,    Pituitary 
membrane. 

SCHCENANTHUS,  Juncus  odoratus. 
SCHOLA,  School. 

SCHOLLERA  OXYCOCCOS,  Vaccinium  osy- 
coecos. 

SCHOOL,  Schola,  (F.)  Ecole.  A  place  of  edu- 
cation. In  Europe  the  large  Medical  Schools  are 
usually  attached  to  the  universities.  In  England, 
however,  there  has  been  no  medical  school  of 
celebrity  at  either  of  the  universities  of  Oxford 
or  Cambridge;  owing  greatly  to  their  provincial 
situation.  Of  late,  two  schools  have  existed  in 
London,  attached  to  the  London  University  — 
University  College  and  King's  College.  Excel- 
lent private  schools  have,  however,  long  existed 
in  that  metropolis.  The  medical  schools  of  Eu- 
rope which  have  been  most  celebrated,  are  those 
of  Edinburgh,  Leyden,  Berlin,  Halle,  Tubingen, 
Paris,  Montpellier,  Bologna,  Padua,  Pavia,  and 
Pisa.  In  the  United  States,  the  medical  schools 
are  numerous;  at  this  time  not  fewer,  perhaps, 
than  40.  Those  most  numerously  attended,  are 
Jefi'erson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
.sylvania,  and  the  University  of  Nashville. 

SCHOOLEY'S  MOUNTAIN,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  The  waters  of  this  New  Jersey 
Spring  are  a  carbonated  chalybeate.  According 
to  Dr.  McNevin,  they  contain  extractive,  chloride 
of  sodium,  chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, carbonate  of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime,  car- 
bonate of  magnesia,  sile.x,  and  carbonate,  and 
oxide  of  iron. 

SCHORBUTUS,  Purpura. 

SCHOUSBiEA  COCCINEA,  Cacoucia  cocci- 
nea. 

SCHWALBACH  or  LANGEN-SCHWAL- 
BACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Schwalbach 
IS  a  town  of  Germany,  seated  on  the  Aa,  32  miles 
west  of  Frankfort.  The  waters  contain  chloride 
of  sodium,  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia,  iron, 
sulphate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid,  o.xyc^en,  &c. 
Employed  as  a  tonic.  '^ 

SCHWANN,  WHITE  SUBSTANCE  OF,  see 
Substance,  white,  of  Schwann. 

SCHWENDECK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  about  5  leagues  from  Mi'nichi 
in  Bavaria.  They  contain  carbonic  acid;  e-^rbo- 
nate  and  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  calo'im; 
chloride  of  magnesium;  carbonate  of  soda,  *uJ 


SCIATIC 


826 


SCIRRHUS 


oxide  of  irou,  and  are  much  used  for  cutaneous 
affections. 

SCIAT'IC,  Sciat'icus,  Tschiat'ic,  IscTiiat'icns, 
Schiat'ieus,  (F.)  Sciatique,  from  lax^ov,  'the 
haunch.'  A  word  formed  by  contraction  from 
isehiatic,  which  latter  is  still  used.  See  Ischiatic. 
Sciatic  Nerve,  Great,  Nervus  ischind'icus, 
Great  /em' oro-pojylite'al  (Ch.),  (F.)  Grand  nerf 
gciatique,  ought  to  be  esteemed  a  continuation  of 
the  sacral  plexus.  It  issues  from  the  pelvis  be- 
tween the  pyramidalis  and  superior  gemellus ; 
descends  along  the  posterior  part  of  the  thigh ; 
and  after  having  given  branches  to  the  gemini, 
quadratus,  obturator  externus,  gluteus  maximus, 
semi-membranosus,  semi-tendinosus,  biceps  and 
third  abductor  muscles,  it  divides,  about  the  in- 
ferior third  of  the  thigh,  into  two  branches;  the 
one,  named  the  external  popliteal ;  the  other,  the 
internal. 

Sciatic  Nerve,  Lesser,  Inferior  glu'teal 
branch  of  the  sacral  plexus,  Lesser  fern' oro-popli- 
te'al  nerve  (Ch.),  (F.)  Nerf  petit  sciatique,  which 
seems  especially  formed  by  the  2d  and  3d  sacral, 
is  given  off  from  the  lower  part  of  the  plexus,  and 
escapes  from  the  pelvis  beneath  the  pyramidalis 
muscle.  It  gives  branches  —  nervi  cuta'nei  clu'- 
nium  inferio'res  —  to  the  glutseus  maximus;  a 
tciatic  branch  or  infra-pelvic  cutaneous  or  peri- 
neal cutaneo\ts,  Pudenda'lis  longus  iiife'rior,  which 
passes  under  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and 
furnishes  filaments  to  the  glutseus  maximus,  and 
to  the  muscles  of  the  perinseum,  urethra,  penis, 
scrotum,  <fec. ;  and  a  2)osterior  femoral  eutuneons 
branch  —  middle  posterior  cutaneous  nerve  —  the 
filaments  of  which  traverse  the  femoral  aponeu- 
rosis, to  be  distributed  on  the  skin  of  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  thigh.  The  principal  branch  of 
the  lesser  sciatic  nerve  divides,  near  the  ham, 
into  two  or  three  filaments,  which  descend  under 
the  integuments  almost  as  far  as  the  inferior  part 
of  the  leg. 

Sciatic  Notch,  Great,  Sciatic  Fora'men,  In- 
cisu'ra  ischiad'ica  major,  (F.)  Grande  echancrure 
sciatique  ou  grand  trou  sciatique,  is  a  large  notch 
at  the  posterior  edge  of  each  os  innominatum, 
below  the  posterior  and  inferior  iliac  spine,  which 
is  converted  into  a  foramen  by  the  sacrum  and 
sacro-sciatic  ligaments.  The  lesser  sciatic  notch. 
Jncisu'ra  ischiad'ica  minor,  Luna  Alhi'ni,  (F.) 
Petite  echancrure  ischiatique,  is  much  smaller 
than  the  last,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the 
sciatic  spine.  It  gives  passage  to  the  tendon  of 
the  obturator  internus,  and  to  the  internal  pudic 
vessels  and  nerves. 

Sciatic  Region,  Ischiadic  region. 
Sciatic  Spine,  Spine  of  the  Ischium,  Spinous 
Proc"ess  of  the  Ischium,  is  a  short,  flat,  pyramidal 
eminence  on  the  os  innominatum,  above  the  pre- 
ceding foramen ;  which  gives  insertion  to  the 
lesser  sacro-seiatic  ligament. 

SCIATICA,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea. 
SCIATIQUE,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea.  Sci- 
atic. 

SCIE,  Saw. 

SCIENTIA  HERMETICA,  Alchymy— s.  Me- 
dendi,  Medieina  —  s.  Medica,  Medicina. 

SCIERO'PIA,  from  oKicpos,  'shady,' and  &)\1/, 
'the  eye.'  A  defect  of  vision,  in  which  all  ob- 
jects have  a  darker  hue  than  natural. 

S  C  I L  L  A,  (TKiWa,  from  cr^i^o},  '  I  cleave,  I 
split'  [?].  Scilla  seu  Squilla  marit'ima,  Scylla, 
Aschil,  Schinos,  Oc'uhis  Typho'nis,  Ornithog'alum 
marit'imum  seu  sqnil'la,  Stella' ris  seu  Urgin'ea 
scilla,  Cepa  mari'na  scilla,  Squilla,  Squill  or  sea 
onioi,  Eye  of  Typhon,  (F.)  Ognon  marin.  Ord. 
Liliaceee.  Sex.  Sysf.  Hexandria  Monogynia. 
Native  of  Spain,  Austria,  &c.  The  bulb  or  root 
of  tne  squill  has  a  bitter,  nauseous  taste,  and  is 
extremely    acrid;     inflaming    the    skin    when 


rubbed  on  it.  Its  acrimony,  on  which  its  virtues 
depend,  is  destroyed  by  heat,  drying,  and  keep- 
ing. It  is  extracted  by  vinegar,  spirit,  and 
water.  In  large  doses,  squill  is  emetic  and  pur- 
gative ;  in  small  doses,  diuretic  and  expectorant. 
Its  active  principle  has  b«en  called  seillitine. 
Dose,  gr.  j  to  v  of  the  dried  root,  united  or  not 
with  mercury. 

Scilla  Esculen'ta,  Phalan' gium  esculen'tum, 
Eastern  Quamash,  Wild  Hy'acinth ;  indigenous; 
flowering  in  May.  An  article  of  diet  amongst 
the  AVestern  Indians.  It  is  made  into  bread  and 
poultices  for  inflamed  breasts. 

SCILLIT'IC,  Scillit'icus,  (F.)  Scillitique,  from 
scilla,  'squill.'     Containing  squill. 

SCILLOCEPH'ALUS,  Schinoceph'alus,  from 
cKiXXa,  'the  squill,'  and  Ke(pa\ri,  'head.'  One  who 
has  a  large  bulbiform  head. 

SCINCUS,  dKiyKOi  or  oKiyyoi.  A  species  of 
Saurus  or  Lacer'ta,  common  in  Egypt,  and  much 
extolled  by  the  ancients  as  alexipharmic  and 
aphrodisiac. 

SCINTIL'LA  VEN'ERIS,  'a  spark,  a  relic  of 
Venus.'  A  name  given,  by  Paracelsus,  to  the 
impotence  and  loss  of  power  in  the  limbs,  pro- 
duced by  syphilis. 

SCINTILLEMENT  BE  L'CEIL,  Confusio. 

SCIOM'ACHY,  Skioma'chia,  Sh-iamachia;  from 
oKia,  '  a  shade,'  and  ^a;^);,  '  a  fight.'  A  gymnastic 
exercise  with  the  ancients,  which  consisted  in  a 
mock  encounter  at  boxing  and  jumping  with 
one's  own  shadow. 

SCIRHUS,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRPUS  PALUSTRIS,  Eleocharis  palnstris. 

SGIRRHE,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS,  see  Scleriasis. 

SCIRRHOCELE,  Orcheocele  scirrhosa. 

SCIRRHOGAS'TRIA,  Scirrhus  vulric'uli, 
(F.)  Squirrogastrie ;  from  scirrhus,  ;i:id  yaornpt 
'stomach.'     Scirrhus  of  the  stomach. 

SCIR'RHOID,  Scirrhoi'des,  Scirrho'des,  from 
axipot,  'scirrhus,'  and  tiios,  'resemblance.'  Re- 
sembling scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOMA,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOPHTHAL'MIA,  Sclerojyhthal' mia, 
from  scirrhus,  and  o05aA//os,  ' the  eye.'  Cancer 
oc'idi.     Cancer  of  the  eye. 

SCIRRHOPHTHALMIA     PALPEBRARUM,    See     Sclc- 

riasis. 

SCIRRHOSARCA  NEONATORUM,  Indura^ 
tion  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCIRRHOSIS,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOUS,  Scirrho'sua,  (P.)  Squirrheux, 
from  scirrhus.     Of  or  belonging  to  scirrhus. 

Scirrhous  Sarco'ma  of  Ae'ernethy,  Em- 
phy'ma  sarco'ma  scirrho' sum.  Hard,  rigid,  vas- 
cular infarction  of  glandular  follicles;  indolent, 
insentient,  glabrous;  sometimes  shrinking  and 
becoming  more  indurated.  Found  in  glaudulous 
structures. 

SCIRRHUS,  ScirhuB,  Squirrhus,  Slciii-hus, 
Scirrho'ma,  Scirrho'sis,  Cancer  scirrho'sus,  Car- 
cino'ma  simplex  seu  fibro'sum,  Indura'tio  malig'- 
na,  Sclerus,  Carcinom' atous  sarco'ma,  Hard  or 
Fibrous  cancer  ;  from  aKipo;,  'hard,'  'indurated;' 
(F.)  Squirrhe,  Squirre,  Schirre,  SJeirre,  Cancer 
dur  ou  squirrheux  ou  fibreux.  A  disease,  so  called 
from  the  hardness  that  characterizes  it.  It  is  a 
state  of  induration,  of  a  peculiar  kind,  affecting 
glandular  structures  generally,  but  capable  of 
occurring  in  other  textures.  It  usually  precedes 
carcinoma,  of  which  it  may,  indeed,  be  considered 
as  the  first  stage.  Scirrhus  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  the  induration  which  succeeds  in- 
flammation, although  the  two  states  are  often 
complicated,  and  may  stand,  occasionallj',  in  the 
relation  of  cause  and  effect  to  each  other.  Scir- 
rhus is  ordinarily  accompanied  by  violent  shoot- 
ing pains.     It  is   also  irregular  on  its  surface; 


SCISSION 


827 


SCOLOPOMACH^RION 


and  when  cut  into  has  a  bluish  or  grayish  white  | 
colour.     When  the  surgeon  is  satisfied  of  the  ex- 
istence of  scirrhus,  he  had  better  remove  it  at 
once.     No  other  treatment  seems  to  possess  much 
advantage. 

Galen  uses  the  term  Scirrho'eia  for  a  livid  ex- 
crescence caused  by  inflammation. 

SciKRHUs  ET  Carcinoma  Ventricpli,  see  Gas- 
trostenosis  cardiaca  et  pylorica  —  s.  Hepatis,  He- 
patoseirrhus — s.  Intestinorum,  Enteropathia  can- 
cerosa  —  s.  Palpebrarum,  see  Scleriasis  —  s.  Tes- 
ticuli,  Sarcocele  —  s.  Uteri,  Metroscirrhus — s. 
Ventriculi,  Gastroscirrhus. 
SCISSION,  see  Generation. 
SCISSIPARITS,  see  Generation. 
SCISSORS,  Scissor,  '  a  carver,'  from  scindere, 
scissum,  '  to  cut.'  Forfex,  Forpex,  Psalis,  Tomin, 
(F.)  Oiseaux.  A  well-known  instrument  in  com- 
mon use,  and  often  employed  in  surgery.  Scis- 
sors are  composed  of  two  cutting  blades,  crossing 
each  other  and  moving  upon  an  axis.  They  are 
straight  or  curved.  Sometimes  the  curve  is  on 
the  flat  side,  when  they  are  called,  in  France, 
Ciseaux  d  cuiller ;  at  others,  on  their  edges. 
The  scissors,  bent  so  that  the  blades  make  an 
obtuse  angle  with  the  handles  are  also  much 
used.  They  are  called  in  France  Ciseaux  condi'^. 
Scissors  are  used  for  dividing  soft,  loose,  i.-nla- 
ted  parts,  which  it  would  be  difiicult  to  reacli  and 
to  cut  with  the  bistoury.  They  are  employed, 
likewise,  in  the  operation  for  harelip,  and  for  re- 
moving warts,  fungous  excrescences,  &c. 
SCISSURA,  Fissure  —  s.  Vulvse,  see  Rima. 
SCISSUR^,  Rhagades. 

SCISSUEE  BE  GLASER,  Fissure,  glenoid— 
— s.  Grand  mediane  du  Cervelet,  Valley — s.  deSan- 
iorini,  Santorini,  fissure  of. 
SKERLJEVO,  Scherlievo. 
SCLAREA,  Salvia  sclarea. 
SCLEREMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
SCLEREME,lnd\ira.t\o-a  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
SCLEREiMIA,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
SCLE  REMUS,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
SCLERENCEPHA'LIA,    Lidnra'tio    cer'ebri, 
from  aK\ripoi,  '  hard,'  and  c.yKc<paKov,  '  the  brain.' 
(F.)  Endurcissement  dn  cerveau.     Induration  of 
the  brain. 

SCLERIA,  Scleriasis. 

SCLERI'ASIS,  Sclero'ma,  Sclero'sis,  Scle'ria, 
Selerys'mus,  Seph'irus,  from  aK>:rip  tc,  'hard.'  Any 
kind  of  hardness  or  induration.  Sometimes  hard- 
ness of  the  eyelids,  Cnllo'sitas  aen  Scirrhoj^hlhal'- 
mia  seu  Scirrhus  palpehra'rnm,  Scirrhohlepha- 
ron'cua  ;  at  others,  hardness  of  the  genital  organs 
of  the  female;  probably  synonymous  with  scir- 
rhus. —  Galen.  Paulus.  Hardness  of  bones, 
Fragil'itns  Oi'sium. 

SCLERITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

SCLERODERMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue. 

SCLERODES,  Sclerotic. 

SCLERO-IRITIS.  Inflammation  of  the  scle- 
rotic and  iris. 

SCLEROMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue, 
Scleriasis. 

SCLEROMENINX,  Dura  mater. 
SCLERONYXIS,  Scleroticonyxis. 
SCLEROPHTHALMIA,  Hordeolum,  Scirroph- 
thalmia. 

SCLEROS,  Hard. 

SCLEROSARCO'MA,  from  cK\vpo;,  'hard,'  and 
capKiiJixa,  '  a  fleshy  tumour.'  A  hard,  fleshy  tu- 
mour, seated  on  the  gums,  and  resembling  a 
cock's  comb. 

SCLEROSIS,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue, 
Scleriasis. 

SCLEROSTENOSIS  CUTANEA,  Induration 
of  the  cellular  tissue. 


SUojEROT'IC,  Sclerot'ica,  from  oK'Xripoa,  '1 
harden.'  Cornea  opa'ca,  Sclero'des,  Tunica  dura 
seu  alhugin'ea  seu  dn'rior  et  crass'ior  seu  ex'iima 
seu  alba  seu  can'dida  seu  innomina'ta  oc'itli, 
Sclero'tis,  (F.)  Sclerotique.  A  hard,  resisting, 
opake  membrane,  of  a  pearly  white  colour  and 
fibrous  nature,  which  covers  nearly  the  posterior 
four-fifths  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  and  has  the  form 
of  a  sphere  truncated  before.  It  is  strengthened  by 
the  expansion  of  the  muscles  of  the  eye,  to  which 
expansion  many  anatomists  have  given  the  name 
Tu'nica  alhugin'ea.  It  forms  the  white  of  the 
eye,  Alhn'men  seu  Album  oc'nli,  Lon'chades,  Log'- 
ades,  Loch'ades,  Leu' cades.  The  sclerotic  is  pene- 
trated posteriorly  by  a  round  opening,  for  the 
passage  of  the  optic  nerve;  and,  anteriorly,  it 
has  a  much  larger  opening,  into  which  the  trans- 
parent cornea  is  received.  There  are,  besides, 
many  small  oblong  apertures  in  it  for  the  passage 
of  nerves  and  vessels,  proceeding  to  the  interior 
of  the  eye.  Its  inner  surface  is  of  a  light  brown 
colour,  owing  to  a  delicate  areolar  tissue  contain- 
ing brown  pigment  cells;  and  hence  called  3Iem- 
bra'na  seu  Lam'ina  fusca.  In  the  foetus,  the 
sclerotic  may  be  separated  into  two  very  distinct 
laminae. 

SCLEROTICA  CERATOIDES,  Cornea. 

SCLEROTICITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

SCLEROTICONYX'IS,  Sderonyx'is,  Scleroto- 
nyx'is,  from  sclerotica,  and  vv^n,  'puncturing.' 
Perforation  of  the  sclerotica  in  the  operation  for 
cataract  by  depression. 

SCLEROTICUS,  Indurans. 

SCLEROTIQUE,  Sclerotic. 

SCLEROTIS,  Sclerotic. 

SCLEROTI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Sclerot'iccp,,Leu- 
ci'tis,  Lonchadi' tis,  Logadi'tis,  Scleri'tis,  Sclero- 
citi'tis,  Rheuwat'ic  ophthal'mia,  Op>hthal'mia  ar- 
thrit'ica,  from  sclerotica,  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  sclerotic  coat 
of  the  eye. 

SCLEROTIUM  CLAVUS,  see  Ergot. 

SCLERUNTICUS,  Indurans. 

SCLERUS,  Induration,  Scirrhus. 

SCLERYNTICUS,  Indurans. 

SCLERYS'MA,  from  ckXvpos,  '  hard.'  Indura- 
tion ;  also,  induration  of  the  liver. 

SCLERYSMUS,  Scleriasis. 

SCLIRUS,  Scirrhus. 

SCLOPETA'RIUS,  from  sclopetnm,  'a  gun.' 
Relating  to  a  gun.  Hence,  Aqua  sclopeta'ria,  a 
water  for  gunshot  wounds.  Vid'nera  sclopeta'ria, 
gunshot  wounds,  &c. 

SCLOPETOPLAG^,  Wounds,  gunshot. 

SCOBS,  Prisma,  Xysma,  Ramen'tum,  Rasu'ra. 
A  shaving ;  also,  an  alkali ;  and  the  scoria  of  any 
metal. 

SCCENANTHUM,  Juncus  odoratus. 

SCOLECESIS,  Helminthiasis. 

SCOLECIASIS,  Helminthiasis. 

SCOLEX,  Ascaris  lumbricoides. 

SCOLIOMA,  Scoliosis. 

SCOLIO'SIS,  Scolio'ma,  Skolio'sis,  Rhaehio- 
scolio'ma,  from  o-xo^iof,  'crooked.'  A  distortion 
of  the  spine  to  one  side.     See  Hump. 

SCOLOPENDRA,  Asplenium  seolopendriura. 

SCOLOPENDRIA,  Asplenium  eeterach,  and 
A.  scolopendrium. 

SCOLOPENDRIUM  LINGUA,  Asplenium 
scolopendrium  —  s.  Ofiicinarum,  Asplenium  sco- 
lopendrium—  s.  Phyllitis,  Asplenium  scolopen- 
drium— s.  Ruta  muraria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria 

—  s.  Vulgare,  Asplenium  scolopendrium. 
SCOLOPOMACH^'RION,from  (rKo>o^a|,  'the 

woodcock,'  and  fia'x^aipa,  'a  knife;'  so  called  be- 
cause it  is  bent  a  little  at  the  extremity  like  a 
woodcock's  bill,   A  sort  of  blunt-pointed  bistoury. 

—  Scultetus. 


SCOLTMUS   SATIVUS 


828 


SCROPHUL.E 


SCOLYMUS  SATIVUS,  Cynara  scolymus. 

SCOOP,  Teut.  Schoepe,  Cochlea're,  (F.) 
Curette.  A  surgical  instrument  of  the  shape  of 
a  spoon,  which  is  used  for  the  extraction  of  cer- 
tain foreign  bodies.  The  scoop  is  often  employed 
to  extract  balls  impacted  in  the  soft  parts;  to  re- 
move calculi  from  the  urinary  bladder  in  lithoto- 
my, &c.  A  small  scoop  is  sometimes  used  to 
extract  foreign  bodies  from  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus,  nasal  fossae,  &c. 

SCOP,  Head,  Scalp. 

SCOPA  REGIA,  Ruscus. 

SCOPARIUS,  see  Spartium  scoparium. 

SCOPE,  cKozi],  Scopy,  Scop'ia,  Scopna,  from 
dKo-eia,  '  I  look  around.'  A  common  suffix  to 
words  meaning  'view,  inspection,'  as  avaxAoscopy, 
stetho«eo;o!/,  <fcc. 

SCOPOLINA  ATROPOIDES,  Hyoscyamus 
scopolia. 

SCOPTULA,  Scopula. 

SCOPULA,  Brush. 

SCOR,  Excrement. 

SCORACRATI'A,  Scoraera'sia,  Scatacra'sia, 
Scatacrati'a,  Copracrati'a,  Copraera'sia,  Inconti- 
nen'tia  Alvi,  from  cKtop,  '  excrement,' and  a/cparia, 
'want  of  control.'  Want  of  power  to  retain  the 
fseces.     Involuntary  evacuation  of  the  fseees. 

SCOR  BUT,  Porphyra  nautica,  Purpura  hse- 
morrhagica — s.des  Alpes,  Pellagra — «.  de  Terre, 
Purpura  hasmorrhagica. 

SCORE D'TIC,  Scorbti'tieus,  (P.)  Seorbutlqne, 
Trom  scorbutus,  'scurvy.'  That  which  belongs  to 
scurvy.     One  affected  with  scurvy. 

SCORBUTUS,  Purpura— s.  Alpinus,  Pellagra 
— s.  Xauticus,  Porphyra  nautica — s.  Oris,  Cancer 
aquatieus. 

SCORDINEMA.  Carebaria,  Pandiculation. 

SCORDINISMUS,  Carebaria,  Pandiculation. 

SCORDIUM,  Teuerium  scordium. 

SCORDON,  Allium. 

SCORDOSMINE,  Osyd,  cystic. 

SCORITH,  Sulphur. 

SCORIUM.  Scrotum. 

SCORODON,  Allium. 

SCORPIODEX'IS,  from  (TKopvio;,  'the  scor- 
pion,'and  Sri^is,  'bite:'  —  more  properly,  Scorpi- 
ostig'sia;  from  aKoprtos,  and  anyiia,  'puncture.' 
The  sting  of  the  scorpion. 

SCOR'PIOX,  Scor'pio,  Scorpiu^,  from  crKopmoio, 
'I  enrage.'  A  genus  of  insects  having  a  sting 
at  the  extremity  of  their  tail,  with  which  they 
make  dangerous  wounds.  An  Oil  of  Scorpion 
was  once  made  from  them,  which  is  not  now  used. 

SCORPIOSTIGMA,  Scorpiodexis. 

SCORPIUS,  Scorpion. 

SCORTUM.  Scrotum. 

SCORZONE'RA,  S.  hu'niiUs  seu  lana'ta  seu 
nervo'sa,  Eseorzone'ra,  from  scurzo,  old  Spanish 
for  a  viper,  Vipera'ria,  Serpenta'ria  Ilispan'ica, 
Offi,c"innl  viper's  grass.  Viper's  grass,  Goat's 
grass.  Family,  Cichoraceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Synge- 
nesia  Polygamia.  The  roots  have  been  used  as 
alexipharmics,  and  in  hypochondriacal  disorders 
and  obstructions  of  the  viscera.  The  root  of  the 
Soorzonera  Hispan'iea  is  esculent,  but  ineffica- 
cious as  a  drug. 

SCOTAS'MA,  Scoto'ma,  Scoto'dia,  Scoto'sis, 
Scotos ;  from  oKOTOf,  'darkness.'  Obscurity  of 
vision,  darkness,  Sufu'sio  ra'dians.  Also  Sco- 
todinia. 

SCOTCH  FIDDLE,  Psora. 

SCOTODIA,  Scotasma,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTODIN'IA,  Scoto'ma,  Dinus  Scoto'ma,  Sco- 
todi'ne,  Tenebrieo'sa  verti'go,  Scotos,  Scotas'ma, 
Scoto'sis,  Scot'omy,  from  okoto;,  'darkness,'  and 
hvc^o,  'I  turn  round.'  Giddiness,  with  impaired 
sight,  often  succeeded  by  headach.     See  Vertigo. 

SCOTOMA,  Scotasma,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTOMY,  Scotodinia. 


SCOTOS,  Scotasma,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTOSIS,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTT'S  ACID  BATH,  Nitro-muriatic  acid 
bath.  A  bath  of  dilute  aqua  regia,  employed  by 
Dr.  Scott,  of  India,  as  a  remedy  in  hepatic  dis- 
eases. Three  pints  by  measure  of  muriatic  acid, 
and  two  of  nitric  acid,  are  mixed  to  form  th^ 
aqua  regia.  In  preparing  this  for  use,  a  pint  of 
it  is  mixed  with  an  equal  quantity  of  water. 
The  acid  bath  consists  of  three  ounces  of  this 
dilute  acid  to  every  gallon  of  water. 

SCOUR,  Diarrhoea. 

SCOURING,  Diarrhoea. 

SCRAT,  Hermaphrodite,  Psora. 

SCRATCH,  Psora. 

SCREATUS,  Excreation. 

SCRIPLUM,  Scruple. 

SCRIPTIUM,  Scruple. 

SCRIPTULUM,  Scruple. 

SCRIPULUxAI,  Scruple. 

SCRIPULUS,  Scruple. 

SCRIVENER'S  CRAMP,  Cramp,  writers'. 

SCROBIC'ULUS,  Scrobic'ulum,  (F.)  Fossette. 
A  little  ditch  or  furrow;  diminutive  of  scrobs, 
'  a  ditch.' 

ScROBIc'tTLtTS  Cordis,  Anticar'dium,  Procar'- 
dium,  (F.)  Fossette  du  cceur,  Avant-cceur,  Anti- 
coeur.  Tlie  pit  of  the  stomach.  The  depression 
at  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen,  below  the 
xiphoid  cartilage. 

ScROBicuLus  VartoLjE,  Pockmark. 

SCROFF^,  Scrofula. 

SCROF'ULA,  Scroph'ula,  Scroph'idw ;  from 
scrofa,  'a  sow;'  as  Choeras  is  from  y^oipo^,  'a  hog,' 
because  swine  were  presumed  to  be  subject  to  a 
similar  complaint.  Scrophulo'sis,  Morbus  scrophu- 
lo'sus,  Yit"ium  scrophulo' sum,  Cacockym'ia  seu 
Cachex'ia  seu  Dyscra'sia  scrophulo'sa,  Pcsda 
troph'ia  glandulo'sa.  Struma,  Chopras,  Coirns, 
Tabes  Glandnla'ris,  Adeno'sis  serofulo'sa,  ScroffcR, 
King's  evil,  The  Evil,  Quince,  Cruela  (Scottice), 
(F.)  Scrophules,  Scrofules,  Strumes,  EcrouelleSf 
Humeurs  froides,  Tubercules  des  glandes  lympha- 
tiques,  JIal  du  Roi.  A  state  of  the  system  cha- 
racterized by  indolent,  glandular  tumours,  chiefly 
in  the  neck;  suppurating  slowly  and  imperfectly, 
and  healing  with  difficulty^  the  disease  ordinarily 
occurring  in  those  of  a  sanguine  temperament, 
with  thick  upper  lip,  <fee.  The  tumours,  after 
suppuration,  degenerate  into  ulcers ;  which,  in 
process  of  time,  cicatrize,  leaving  scars.  The 
internal  organs  are  apt  to  be  attacked  in  those 
disposed  to  scrofula;  hence  they  are  often  the 
subjects  of  phthisis  and  mesenteric  affections. 
Scrofula  is  hereditary;  and  is  frequently  excited 
by  insufficient  or  improper  regimen,  and  by  a 
close,  confined  air  during  the  first  years  of  exist- 
ence. The  best  treatment  is  : — to  strengthen  tho 
system  by  animal  diet ;  pure  air,  and  exercise, 
cold  bathing,  or  sea-water  bathing,  <fec. 

Scrofula  Abdominalis  Interna,  Physconia 
strumosa. 

SCROFULAIRE,    Scrophularia    nodosa  — 9. 
Aquatiqne,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 
SCROFULARIA,  Scrophularia. 
SCROFULES,  Scrofula. 
SCROFULEUX,  Scrofulous. 
SCROF'ULOUS,  Serophido' sus,  Seroph\da'r{us, 
Strumous,  Strumo'sits,  (F.)  Scro/uleux,  Strumeux. 
Suffering  from,  or  relating  to,  scrofula. 
SCROOBY-GRASS,  Cochlearia  officinalis. 
SCROOF,  Scarf. 

SCROG-LEGGED,  Cnemoscoliosis. 
SCROPHULA,  Scrofula— s.Mesenterica,  Tabes 
mesenterica  —  s.  Moluccana,  Framboesia. 

SCROPHULA,  Scrofula— s.  GonorrhoicEe,  Go- 
norrhoea impura. 


SCROPHULARIA 


829 


SEBACEOUS 


SCROPHULA'RIA,  from  scrofula,  against 
■which  it  has  been  employed.     S.  Nodosa. 

Scrophula'riA  Aquat'icA,  Beton'ica  nquat'- 
ica,  Fica'ria,  Ferra'ria,  Castrau'c/ula,  Greater 
Water  Figwort,  Water  Bet'ony,  (F.)  Scrnfulaire 
aqnatiqw?.  Ord.  Scrophulariacese.  The  leaves 
are  celebrated  as  correctors  of  the  bad  flavour 
of  senna.  They  were  at  one  time  regarded  as 
eminently  antiscrofulous,  stomachic,  and  carmi- 
native. 

ScROPHULAHiA  FcETiDA,  Scrophularia  nodosa 
—  s.  Lanceolata,  S.  Nodosa  —  s.  Marilandica,  S. 
Nodosa — s.  Minor,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

Scrophula'ria  Nodosa,  S.foe.'tida  seu  vidga'- 
ris  seu  laiieeola'ta  seu  Marilnn'dica,  3Iillemor'- 
hia,  Scrophula'ria,  Figwort,  Kennelwort,  Holmes- 
weed,  Heal-all,  (F.)  Scrofidaire,  Herhe  aiix  ecrou- 
elles.  The  root  and  leaves  of  this  plant  have 
been  celebrated,  both  as  an  internal  and  external 
remedy,  against  inflammations,  piles,  scrofulous 
tumours,  ulcers,  &c. 

Scrophularia  Vulgaris,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 
SCROPHULARIUS,  Scrofulous. 
SCROPHULES,  Scrofula  —  *.  3Iesenteriques, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

SCROPHULOSIS,  Scrofula. 
SCROPHULOSUS,  Scrofulous. 
SCROTAL,  Scrota' lis  ;  from  scrotum.  Relating 
to    the   scrotum,  —  as  Hernia   acrota'lia,  scrotal 
hernia. 

Scrotal  Nerve,  see  Genito-crural  Nerve. 
SCROTOCE'LE,    Oscheocele,    Oschocele.      A 
hybrid  term  ;  from  (L.)  scrotum,  and  KiXr;,  'a  tu- 
mour.'    Hernia  Scrota'lis,  Scrotal  her'nia.     In- 
guinal hernia,  descending  into  the  scrotum. 

SCROTUM,  from  scorteus,  scorteum,  'made  of 
leather*  [?].  Scu'rium,  Osche,  Os'cheus,  Os'chus, 
Oscv-s,  Os'cheon,  Och'eus,  Perin,  Scortum,  3farsu'- 
pium,  Bur'sula,  Bursa  tes'tium  seu  viri'lis,  Cap' - 
vhts  [?],  Orchas,  Follic'uliis  genita' lis,  Her'nia,  the 
Purse,  the  Cod,  (F.)  Les  bourses.  The  integu- 
ments which  cover  the  testes.  These  are  nothing 
more  than  a  prolongation  of  the  skin  of  the  inner 
part  of  the  thighs,  perinaeum,  and  penis.  The 
skin  is  remarkable  for  its  brown  colour,  for  the 
numerous  rugae,  especially  when  the  scrotum  is 
contracted ;  for  the  great  number  of  sebaceous 
follicles  it  contains;  and  for  the  long  and  few 
hairs  which  issue  from  it  in  the  adult.  The  scro- 
tum is  divided  into  two  equal  parts  by  a  raphe, 
which  extends  from  the  anus  to  the  root  of  the 
penis.  Its  organization  is  similar  to  that  of  the 
skin  of  other  parts  of  the  body,  except  that  the 
chorion  is  thinner. 

Scrotum  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  s.  Pendulum, 
Rhachosis. 

SCRUBIE,  Purpura  nautica. 
SCRUBIE-GRASS,  Cochlearia  officinalis. 
SCRUPLE,  Dioh'olon,  Grnmma'rium,  Scru'- 
pulus,  Scru'pidum,  Scrip'tulus,  Scrip'tulum, 
Scrip'tium,  Scrip'ulum,  Scriplum,  Scrip'idus.  A 
weight  of  twenty  grains,  Troy;  twenty-four 
grains,  Poids  de  marc. 

SCUDAMORE'S  MIXTURE,  see  Mixture, 
Scudamore's. 

SCULL,  Cranium  —  s.  Cap,  Calvaria. 
SCURF,  Sax.  rcui»F,  Teut.  Schorft;  (Prov.) 
Scroof,  Fiir'fura.     Small  exfoliations  of  the  cu- 
ticle are  so  called. 

SCURFY,  Furfuraceous. 

SCURVY  OF  THE  ALPS,  Pellagra— s.  Land, 
Purpura  hemorrhagica  —  s.  Petechial,  Purpura 
simplex  —  s.  Sea,  Porphyra  nautica. 

SCURVY    GRASS,    Sisyrinehium   Bermudia- 
num  —  s.  Grass,  common,  Cochlearia  officinalis — 
s.  Grass,  lemon,  Cochlearia  officinalis  —  s.  Grass, 
wild,  Cochlearia  coronopus. 
SCUTELLA,  Cup. 


SCUTELLARIA  CAROLINIANA,  S.  integri- 
folia. 

Scutella'ria  Galericula'ta,  from  scutella, 
'a  cup,'  in  allusion  to  the  form  of  the  calj'x. 
Cass'ida  galaricula'ta,  Tertiana'rin,  S/cull-cnj), 
(F.)  Cnsside  hleue,  Toque.  Ord.  Labiatas.  Sex. 
Syst.  Didynamia  Angiospermia.  This  plant  has 
a  bitter  taste  and  a  garlic  smell.  It  has  been 
esteemed  especially  serviceable  in  tertian  ague. 

Scutellaria  Hyssopifolia,  S.  integrifolia. 

Scutellaria  Integrifo'lia,  S.  hyssopifo'lia 
seu  Carollnia'na, — another  indigenous  variety, — 
is  an  intense  bitter. 

Scutella'ria  Lateriflo'ra,  SkuU-cap,  Mad- 
dog  skullcap,  3Iadweed,  Hoodwort,  Blue  Pimp'- 
ernel.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  grows  in  all 
parts  of  the  United  States  in  moist  places.  It 
was  at  one  time  esteemed  a  preventive  of  hj-dro- 
phobia,  but  is  probably  possessed  of  little  virtue 
of  any  kind.  By  some,  however,  it  is  regarded 
as  a  good  nervine. 

SCUTICULA  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers. 

SCUTTER,  Diarrhcea. 

SCUTUL^  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers. 

SCUTUM,  Thyroid  cartilage  — s.  Cordis,  Sca- 
pula, Sternum  —  s.  Genu,  Patella  —  s.  Pectoris, 
Sternum,  Thorax. 

Scutum  Stomach'icum.  A  large  plaster,  ap- 
plied to  the  breast  or  stomach. 

Scutum  Thoracis,  Scapula. 

SCYB'ALA,  plural  of  (r/cu/3aXov,  'dung.'  Ente- 
rol'ithus  Scyb'alum,  Excrementa  Alvi  siccio'ra, 
FcBces  indura'tm.  Hard  fecal  matters  discharged 
in  round  lumps. 

SCYLLA,  Seilla. 

SCYPHOPHORUS  PYXIDATUS,  Lichen 
pyxidatus. 

SCYPHUS  AUDITORIUS,  Infundibulum  of 
the  cochlea  —  s.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain — s.  Vieussenii,  Infundibulum  of  the  cochlea 

SCYROS,  Callosity. 

SCYTALIDES  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers. 

SCYTHICA,  (RADIX,)  Glyeyrrhiza. 

SCYTHROPASMUS,  from  aKvBpoi,  'gloomy;' 
OKvOpuma^uv,  '  to  look  gloomy;'  Vultus  tet'ricus  et 
mcestus.  A  gloomy,  depressed  countenance,  of 
bad  augury  in  serious  diseases 

SCYTITIS,  Cytitis. 

SCYTODEPSIUM,  Tannin. 

SEA  AIR.  The  air  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
the  sea  contains  saline  particles  commingled  with 
it,  which  render  it  a  valuable  change  for  scrofu- 
lous and  debilitated  individuals.  The  sea  and 
sea-coast  are  usually,  also,  more  equable  in  their 
temperature  than  places  inland. 

SEA  SICKNESS,  Nausea  marina. 

SEA-WARE,  see  Pila  marina  —  s.  Water,  see 
Water,  sea. 

SEAL,  GOLDEN,  Hydrastis  Canadensis  — s. 
Solomon's,  Convallaria  polygonatum  —  s.  Solo- 
mon's, great,  Convallaria  canaliculata  —  s.  Solo- 
mon's, smaller,  Convallaria  pubescens. 

SEAM,  Cicatrix. 

SEARCHER,  Body  searcher. 

SEARCHING,  Sounding;  from  (F.)  chercher, 
'to  seek.'  The  operation  of  ascertaining,  by  the 
introduction  of  a  metallic  instrument,  whether 
there  is  a  stone  in  the  bladder. 

SEASONING,  Acclimation  —  s.  Fever,  Fever, 
stranger's. 

SEAT,  Anus  —  s.  Bone,  Ischion. 

SEBACE,  Sebaceous. 

SEBA'CEOUS,  Seha'ceus,  (F.)  Sebace ;  from 
sebum,  'suet.'  That  which  has  the  nature  of 
suet. 


SEBASTOMANIA 


830 


SEDIMENT 


Sebaceous  Flux,  Stearrhosa. 
Sebaceous,  Sebip'arous  or  Sebip'erous 
Glands,  Sebaceous  FoVliclen  or  Crypts,  FolUc'uU 
seba'cei,  Cryptm  seba'cetp,  Oil  or  Mil'iary  glands, 
are  small  hollow  organs,  of  a  rounded  or  pyriform 
shape,  seated  in  the  substance  of  the  skin,  and 
opening  on  its  surface  by  a  small,  excretory  duct; 
furnishing  a  yellow,  unctuous  humour,  Smegma 
cHta'neum,  Sebum  cuta'neum,  having  some  analogy 
with  suet,  which  is  destined  to  lubricate  the  sur- 
face of  the  body.  Follicles  of  a  similar  nature 
exist  around  the  corona  glandis  of  the  male,  and 
under  the  skin  of  the  labia  majora  and  nymphfe 
of  the  female.  They  secrete  a  sebaceous  matter, 
which  emits  a  peculiar  odour ;  and  hence,  after 
the  name  of  those  who  described  them,  have  been 
called  Gland' ulm  odon/'er<B  Tyso'ni,  G.  Tyso'ni, 
Glandi.d(B  Littria'ncB  seu  Littrii,  Tyson's  glands, 
(F.)  Glandes  de  Litfre ;  and,  also,  GlandtdoB  odo- 
rifera  seu  sebacea  glandis,  G.  cor'oncB  penis, 
FolUc'uU  seba'cei  corona  glandis,  Glandulm  odo- 
ri/'ereB  prcepu'tii. 

SEBASTOMA'NIA,  from  trt^aaTos,  'worship- 
ped,' and  mania.  Religious  insanity,  Demono- 
mania. 

SEBESTE'NA,  Cordin  myxa  seu  sebeste'na  seu 
Africd'na  seu  domes'tica  seu  obli'qua,  Sebeste'na 
officina'lis,  Seb'esten,  Sebsten,  Myxa,  Cornus  snn- 
guin'ea,  Prunus  sebesti'na.  Smooth-leaved  Cor'- 
dia,  Assyr'ian  plum,  (F.)  Sebestier  myxa.  Ord. 
Cordiaceae.  The  dark,  black  fruit  of  the  Sebes- 
tina  possesses  glutinous  and  aperient  qualities, 
and  is  exhibited,  in  decoction,  in  various  diseases 
of  the  chest. 

SEBESTIER  MYXA,  Sebestena. 
SEBIFEROUS,  see  Sebaceous. 
SEBIPAROUS,  see  Sebaceous. 
SEBORRHAGIA,  Stearrhoea. 
SEBORRHCEA,  Stearrhoea. 
SEBSTEN,  Sebestina. 

SEBUM,  Pinguedo,  Sevum — s.  Cutaneum,  see 
Sebaceous  glands  —  s.  Palpebrale,  Ghassie  —  s. 
Pr»putiale,  Smegma  prseputii. 

SECA'LE,  S.  cerea'le  seu  barba'tum.  The  Rye 
plant.  (F.)  Seigle.  Ord.  Gramineae.  Rye  is 
chiefly  used  as  an  article  of  diet,  particularly  in 
the  northern  parts  of  Europe,  where  a  spirit  is 
also  extracted  from  it.  The  grain  is  disposed  to 
acescency :  and  hence  its  internal  use  at  first 
generally  produces  a  laxative  effect. 

Secale  Bakbatuh,  Secale  —  s.  Cornutum,  Er- 
got— s.  Luxurians,  Ergot — s.  Maternum  turgidum 
seu  temulentum.  Ergot. 

SEGALIS  MATER,  Ergot. 
SECATEUR  DES  AMYGDALES,  Amygda- 
latome. 

SECERNENT,  Secreting. 
SECERNING,  Secreting— s.  Substance  of  the 
kidney,  see  Kidney. 

SECESSIO  FiECUM,  Defecation. 
SECBSSUS  NIGER,  Melaena. 
SEGHE,  Sepia- 
SECLUSORIUM,  Sac. 

SECONDARY,  from  secundus,  'the  second.' 
Something  that  acts   subordinately  to  another ; 
as  the  secondary  symptoms  of  a  disease;  that  is, 
those  which  supervene  on  the  primary.     A  se- 
condary amputation  is   one   performed  after  the 
constitutional  effects  of  an  injury  have  mainly 
passed  away.     See  Fever,  secondary ;  and  Hae- 
morrhagia,  for  Secondary  Hemorrhao-e. 
SECONDINES,  Secundines. 
SECRETA.  Same  etymon  as  Secretion.  Things 
or  matters  secreted  or  separated  from  the  blood. 
SECRE'TING,    Secreto' rins,    Secer'ning,    Se'- 
eern'ent,    Excer'nent,    (F.)    Secreteur,    Secretoire. 
Same  etymon  as  Secretion.    That  which  secretes, 
—  as  a  secreting  organ. 


SECRETIO,  Secretion— s.  Lactis,  Galaetosis— 
s.  Lotii,  Uropoesis  —  s.  Urinae,  Uropoesis  —  s.  Vi- 
caria,  see  Vicarious. 

SECRE'TION,  Secre'tio,  Apoc'risis;  from  te- 
cernere,  secretum,  'to  separate.'  An  organic  func- 
tion, which  is  chiefly  executed  in  the  glands,  and 
consists  in  an  elaboration  or  separation  of  the 
materials  of  the  blood,  at  the  very  extremities  of 
the  arterial  system,  or  rather  of  the  vascular  se- 
cretory sj'stem  ;  and  which  differs  in  each  organ 
according  to  its  particular  structure ;  hence  the 
formation  of  different  fluids; — bile,  saliva,  urine, 
milk,  &e.  The  secretions  are  of  three  kinds:  — 
exhalant,  follicular,  and  glandular.  Simple  se- 
cretions are  those  which  exist  ready-formed  in 
the  blood,  and  pass  out  of  the  vessels  by  an  act 
of  exosmose,  whilst  the  more  complicated  arc 
formed  from  the  liquor  sanguinis  by  cell-agency. 
The  latter,  alone,  are,  by  some,  called  Secretions. 

SECRETOIRE,  Secreting, 

SECRETORIUS,  Secreting. 

SECT,  METHODICAL,  Methodists. 

SEC'TIO,  Section.  The  act  of  cutting.  A  di- 
vision. 

Sectio  Alta,  see  Lithotomy  — s.  Anatomica, 
Dissection  —  s.  Cadaveris,  Autopsia  cadaverica— 
s.  Cadaveris  legalis,  Autopsia  cadaverica — s.  Cae- 
sarea.  Cesarean  section  —  s.  Franconiana,  see 
Lithotomy  —  s.  Hypogastrica,  see  Lithotomy  —  s. 
Lateralis,  see  Lithotomy  —  s.  Legalis,  Autopsia 
cadaverica  legalis — s.  Mariana,  see  Lithotomy — 
s.  Nympharum,  Nymphotomy  —  s.  Perinaealis, 
Perineal  section — s.  Rectovesicalis,  see  Lithotomy 
—  s.  Renalis,  Nephrotomy  —  s.  Tendinum,  Teno- 
tomy—  s.  Vagino-vesicalis,  Colpocystotomia  —  s 
Vesicalis,  Lithotomy. 

SECTION,  Sectio  — s.  Sigaultian,  Symphyse. 
otoray. 

SECUNDiE,  Secundines. 

SECUNDIN^,  Secundines. 

SECUNDINES,  Hys'tera,  Deuter'ion,  Metra, 
Secnn'dce,  Secnndi'nm,  After-birth,  (F.j  Arriire- 
faix,  Secondines,  Delivre,  from  secundare,  {secun- 
dus, 'second.')  'to  follow.'  All  that  remains  in 
the  uterus  after  the  birth  of  the  child, — viz.,  the 
placenta,  a  portion  of  the  umbilical  cord,  and  the 
membranes  of  the  ovum.  These  are  commonly 
not  expelled  till  some  time  after  the  birth  of  the 
foetus;  hence  their  name.     See  Delivrance. 

SECUNDUS  PROPRIORUM  AURICULA, 
Retrahens  auris. 

SEDANTIA,  Sedatives. 

SED'ATIVES,  Sedati'va,  Pauon'ta,  Sedan'tia, 
Adec'ta,  Catastal'tica,  Deprimen'tia,  (F.)  Seda- 
tifs,  Calmnnts,  Temperants,  from  sedare,  sedatiim, 
'  to  settle  or  assuage.'  Medicines  which  directly 
depress  the  vital  forces,  and  which  are  conse- 
quently employed  whenever  it  is  necessary  to 
diminish  preternaturally  increased  action.  The 
chief  reputed  sedatives  are:  Acidum  Hydrocya- 
nicum,  Acidum  Hydro-sulphuricum,  Tabacum, 
Missio  Sanguinis,  and  certain  gases  by  inhalation, 
as  azote,  carbonic  acid  [?],  carburetted  and  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen. 

SEDEM  ATTOLLENS,  Levator  ani. 

SEDES,  Anus,  Excrement — s.  Cruentse,  Dy- 
sentery, Haematochezia — s.  Lactescentes,  Cceliac 
flux — s.  Procidua,  Proctocele. 

SEDHEE,  Bangue. 

SED'IMENT,  Sedimen'tum,  Lemma,  Residen'- 
tia.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Depot.  A  deposit  formed 
by  the  precipitation  of  some  one  or  more  of  the 
substances  held  in  solution  or  suspension  by  a 
liquid.  That  which  is  formed  in  urine,  at  the 
time  of  cooling,  has  been  called  Hypos'tasis,  Hy- 
poste'ma,  Residen'tia,  Subsiden'tia,  (F.)  DepSt  de 
I'urine.  This  sediment  or  deposit  varies  in  dif- 
ferent states  of  the  system.     In  calculous  affec- 


SEDIMENTUM 


31 


SELTZ 


lions,  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  objects  of 
attention. 

SEDIMENTUM,  Sediment  — s.  Urinae  lateri- 
cium,  see  Lateritious  —  s.  Urinae  pityro'ides,  see 
Furfuraceous. 

SEDITIA,  Nates. 

SEDLITZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Seid- 
Ittz  water.  Springs  in  Bohemia,  near  Prague, 
which  are  simple  salines.  They  contain  sulphate 
and  carbonate  of  magnesia,  chiefly  chloride  of 
magnesium,  sulphates  of  potassa,  soda,  and  lime, 
carbonic  acid  and  carbonate  of  lime.  They  are 
employed  as  purgatives  in  a  multitude  of  diseases. 
Artificial  Sedlitz  Powders,  in  no  respect, 
however,  resembling  the  natural  ingredients,  are 
formed  of  Sodte  et  Potassa  tartras  3'j>  Sodcp.  car- 
bon. Qij,  in  one  paper;  Acid  tartaric,  gr.  xxxv, 
in  another.     For  half  a  pint  of  water. 

SEDON  BRULANT,  Sedum  — «.  Reprise, 
Sedum  telephium. 

SEDUM,  S.  acre  seu  glacia'le  sen  minus  seu 
vermicnla' re,  from  sedeo,  '  I  sit,'  owing  to  its  at- 
tachment to  rocks  and  walls.  Illec"ehra,  Hel- 
lec"ebra,  Illec" ebrum,  Vermicida're,  Vermicula'- 
ris,  Pijjer  mura'le,  Sempervi'vum  acre,  Aei'chry- 
ton,  ^o'nion.  Wall  pepper,  Jack  of  the  But'tery, 
Pricket,  Bird's  bread.  Stone  crop.  Biting  Stone 
crop,  Small  Houseleek,  (F.)  Joubarbe  acre.  Orpin 
br&lant,  Vermiculaire  brulante,  Sedan  bridant. 
Ord.  Crassulaceae.  Sex.Syst.  Decandria  Penta- 
gynia.  In  its  recent  state  it  is  very  acrid,  and 
proves  both  emetic  and  cathartic.  Externally, 
in  the  form  of  cataplasm,  it  produces  vesications 
and  erosions.  It  has  been  recommended  in  can- 
cerous and  malignant  ulcers. 

Sedom,  Saxifraga  granulata  —  s.  Glaciale,  Se- 
dum —  s.  Majus,  Sempervivum  tectorum  —  s.  Mi- 
nus, Sedum. 

Sedum  TELE'PHiuir,  S.  telephotdes,  Faba  erassa, 
Cras'snla,  G.  Major,  Illec" ebra  major,  Tele'phium, 
Fnba'ria  cras'sula,  Faba  erassa,  Anacamp'seros, 
A.  aUbicnns  seu  triphyll'a  seu  vulga'ris.  Orpine, 
(F.)  Sedan  reprise.  Grand  orpin,  Feve  epaisse, 
Joubarbe  dea  vignes,  &c.  Formerl}'  used  as  a 
cataplasm  in  cuts,  hemorrhoids,  corns,  whitlows, 
&c. 

Sedum  Telephoides,  S.  Telephium — s.  Vermi- 
culare,  Sedum. 
SEED,  Sperm. 

SEGMENTA  CARTILAGINEA,  see  Trachea. 
SEGMENTATION,  Segmenta'tio,  from  Lat. 
segmentum,  'a  segment,'  itself  from  seco,  'to  cut.' 
The  act  of  being  divided  into  segments  or  por- 
tions. (F.)  Segmentation,  Fractionnemeut,  Sillon- 
nenient.  A  term  applied  to  the  division  of  the 
vitellus  or  yolk  into  'segments;'  each  containing 
a  transparent  vesicle,  which  maybe  a  descendant 
of  the  primordial  or  germ  cell. 

SEGNIT"IA,  Segnit"iea,  from   segnis,  '  slug- 
gish.'    Sluggishness  or  torpor  in  the  exercise  of 
a  function  :  —  as  Segnities  Alvi,  Torpor  of  the 
bowels;  Segnities  Virium,  Languor. 
SEGNITIES,  Segnitia. 

SEGRAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.     Near 
Pithiviers,  in  Gatinais,  in  the  French  department 
of  Loiret,  there  is  a  chalybeate  spring,  which  has 
some  reputation. 
SEGU,  Sago. 
SEIDLITZ,  Sedlitz. 

SEIDSCHUTZ,  SEYDSCHUTZ  or  SAID- 
SCHiJTZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bitter 
springs,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  those  of  Piillna 
and  Sedlitz,  in  Bohemia,  which  contain  chiefly 
sulphate,  nitrate,  muriate,  and  carbonate  of 
magnesia,  sulphates  of  potassa,  soda,  and  lime; 
carbonate  of  lime,  iron  and  manganese.  The 
water  is  an  excellent  cathartic,  and  is  well  known 
in  Europe. 


SEIGLE,  Secale  — 8.  Corjin,  Ergot  — s.  Cor- 
rompn.  Ergot  —  s.  d  Eperon,  Ergot — s.  Ergotee, 
Ergot — s.  Ergot ise.  Ergot — «.  Faux,  Ergot. 

SEIN,  Uterus,  see  Mamma. 

SEIRIASIS,  Coup  de  Soleil. 

SEIZURES,  HIDDEN,  see  Hidden  seizures. 

SEKISKAYAVODKA,  see  Spirit. 

SEL,  Salt — «.  Admirable  de  Lemery,  Magnesia 
sulphas — 8.  Admirable  perle.  Soda,  phosphate  of 
— s.  Ammoniac,  Ammoniae  murias — «.  Armeniac, 
Ammonia  murias — s.  Arsenical  de  ifacquer,  Ar- 
seniate  of  protoxide  of  potassium  —  s.  de  Cuisine, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  de  Derosne,  Narcotine  —  s. 
d'Egra,  Magnesias  sulphas — «.  de  Lait,  Sugar  of 
Milk  —  s.  Marin,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  d' Opium, 
Narcotine  —  s.d'Oseille  Potassae  oxalas  —  s.  de 
Saturne,  Plumbi  superacetas  —  s.  de  Verre,  see 
Vitrum  —  s.  Volatil  d'Angleterre,  Ammoniag  car- 
bonas. 

SELAGO,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaca,  Lyco- 
podium  selago. 

SELENE,  Moon,  see  Nail. 

SELENIASIS,  Somnambulism. 

SELBNIASMUS,  Somnambulism. 

SELENOBLETUS,  Lunatic. 

SELENOGAMIA,  Somnambulism. 

SELERY,  Apium  graveolens. 

SELF-ABUSE  Masturbation. 

SELF-HEAL,  Prunella. 

SELF-LIM'ITED.  An  epithet  applied  to  dis- 
eases which  appear  to  run  a  definite  course,  but 
little  modified  by  treatment,  —  small-pox,  for 
example. 

SELF-POLLUTION,  Masturbation. 

SELI'BRA,  Semili'bra,  Sembella,  'half  a 
pound.'     Six  ounces,  Troy;  eight  Avoirdupois. 

SELINI'TES,  asXivtrrii.  Wine  impregnated 
with  the  seeds  of  the  ctKivov  or  smallage.  —  Dios- 
corides. 

SELINUM  ANGELICA,  Angelica  Sylvestris 

—  s.  Galbanum,  Bubon  galbanum  —  s.  Impera- 
toria,  Imperatoria  —  s.  Lactescens,  Peucedanum 
palustre  —  s.  Marsh,  Peucedanum  palustre  —  s 
Opoponax,  Pastinaca  opoponax — s.  Oreoselinum 
Athamanta  aureoselinum — s.  Ostruthium,  Impe 
ratoria  —  s.  Palustre,  Peucedanum  palustre  —  s 
Pastinaca,  Pastinaca  sativa — s.  Peucedanum,  Pen 
cedanum  —  s.  Pubescens,  Angelica  sylvestris — s 
Sylvestre,  Angelica  sylvestris,  Peucedanum  palus- 
tre—  s.  Thysselinum,  Peucedanum  palustre. 

SELLA,  S.  Turcica  —  s.  Equina,  S.  Turcica  — 
s.  Familiarica,  Lasanum — s.  Obstetricia,  Diphrus 

—  s.  Sphenoidalis,  S.  Turcica. 

Sella  Tur'cica,  Ephip'pium,  Fossa  Pitnita'- 
riii,  Sella,  S.  equi'na  seu  sphenoida'lis,  Pitu'itary 
fossa,  Turkish  Saddle,  (F.)  Selle  Turcique  ou 
du  Turc.  A  depression  at  the  upper  surface  of 
the  sphenoid  bone,  which  is  bounded,  anteriorly 
and  posteriorly,  by  the  clinoid  processes,  and 
lodges  the  pituitary  gland.  It  is  so  called  from 
its  resemblance  to  a  Turkish  saddle.  The  broad 
rough  plate,  behind,  and  somewhat  overhanging 
the  Sella  Turcica  is  the  Dorsum  Ephippii. 

Sella  Turcica,  Pituitaria  fossa. 

SELLE  TURCIQUE,  Sella  Turcica —  «.  rf« 
Turc,  Sella  Turcica. 

SELS  NEUTRES,  Neutral  salts. 

SELTZ  or  SELTZER,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Cold,  acidulous  springs,  the  source  of  which 
is  at  Seltz,  nine  leagues  from  Strasburg,  and  in 
the  Department  of  the  Bas-Rhin.  They  contain 
carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda,  chloride 
of  sodium,  and  much  carbonic  acid.  They  are 
refrigerant,  tonic,  diuretic,  and  aperient. 

Artificial  Seltzer  AVater  may  be  made 
from  muriat.  acid.  gr.  x.xxv,  water  Oj,  white  mar- 
ble gr.  iij.  Stop  up  till  dissolved.  Add  carbonate 
of  Magnesia,  gr.  v,  and,  after  some  time,  subcar- 
bonate  of  soda,  gr.  xxxij.     Close  it  till  used. 


SEMBELLA 


832 


SEMINIFEROUS 


SEMBELLA,  Selibra. 

SEMECARPUS  ANACARDIIIM,  Avieemiia 
tomentosa. 

SEMEIOG'RAPHY,  Semeiograph'la,  Semio- 
graphy,  Sf.miogra'phia,  Sijmptomalog'raphy,  from 
arifitiov,  'a  symptom,'  and  ypa<pn>  *a  description.' 
A  description  of  symptoms  or  signs  of  disease. 

SEMEIOL'OGY,  Semeiot'icl,  Semiology,  Se- 
tniotice,  Ph(Bnonienolog"ia,  from  ari^uov,  'a  symp- 
tom,' and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'  (P.)  Semelotique. 
The  brancli  of  pathology  whose  object  is  the  doc- 
trine of  the  symptoms  or  signs  of  disease. 

SEMEION,  Sign  —  s.  Boethematicum,  Indica- 
tion. 

SEMEIOSIS,  Semeiology. 

SEMEIOTIQUE,  Semeiology. 

SEMEN,  Sperm  —  s.  Badian,  Illicium  anisa- 
tum — s.  CinfB,  see  Artemisia  santonica — s.  Con- 
tra, see  Artemisia  santonica  —  s.  Contra  d'Alejy, 
Artemisia  santonica — s.  Contra  vermes,  Artemi- 
sia santonica — s.  Masculinum  sen  virile  seu  geni- 
tale,  Sperm — s.  Muliebre,  Sperm  (of  the  female) 
—  s.  Sanctum,  see  Artemisia  santonica — s.  San- 
tonici,  see  Artemisia  santonica — s.  Zedoariae,  see 
Artemisia  santonica. 

SEMEJSrCE,  Sperm. 

SEMENTINA,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SEMI,  from  'ruttav,  'half.'  Semi  or  demi,  in 
composition,  universally  signifies  '  half;'  both  in 
French  and  English. 

SEMIAN'IMIS,  Sem.imor"Um!i,  Sem'inex,  Se- 
mivi'vKS ;  from  semi,  'half,'  and  animus,  'soul.' 
Half-living.     Half-dead. 

SEMI-BULB  OF  THE  FEMALE,  Bulbus 
vestibuli. 

SEMICANALICULUS,  Sulcus. 

SEMICANALIS,  Sulcus. 

SEMICEPHALUS,  Hemicephalus. 

SEMrOTRCULl  OSSEI,  Semicircular  canals. 

SEMICIRCULAR,.?e)(»c!ccuZa'r("«,  From  semi, 
and  circidus,  'a  circle.'  (F.)  Demicircidaire. 
That  which  represents  the  half  of  a  circle. 

Sejiicircular  Canals,  Cana'les  seu  DuctM 
semicircida' res  seu  tubcBform'es  seu  circiila'res, 
Semicir'culi  os'sei,  Fiines  seu  Canalic'idi  semi- 
nnnula'res  lahyriii'thi,  (P.)  Canaux  demicircii- 
laires.  are  seated  in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  open  into  the  vestibule,  behind 
which  they  are  situate.  They  are  three  in  num- 
ber, of  which  one  is  superior  or  vertical,  cnna'lis 
semicircida'  ris  vertica'lis  supe'rior  ;  another  poste- 
rior or  ohliqne,  cana'lis  semicircida' ria  vertica'lis 
poste'rior,  and  the  third  exterior  or  horizontal, 
canalis  semicircida' ris  horizonta'lis.  Their  pa- 
rietes  are  formed  of  a  bony,  compact,  hard  plate. 
Their  uses  in  audition  are  not  known  :  at  their 
termination  they  have  the  elliptical  arrangements 
called  ampnl'lcB;  and  by  both  extremities  they 
open  into  the  vestibule,  in  the  sac  at  its  superior 
part — the  Sac'culus  Ellip'ticns,  Al'veus  sen  Utric'- 
xdus  seu  Sinus  commu'nis,  Sinus  seu  Alveus  utri- 
culo'sus,  Sacculus  vestibuli  or  Median  sinus, 
Utricle.  In  front  of  the  S.  ellipticus,  nearer  the 
cochlea,  and  opposite  the  foramen  ovale,  is  the 
Sac'culns  sphcBr'icus,  or  Sacculus. 

SEMICIRCULUSEXSCULPTUS,  Hiatus  dia- 
phragmatis  aorticus. 

SEMICON'GIUS.  Half  a  gallon,  or  four  pints. 

SEMICU'BIUM,  Semicupium,  Inses'sio,  Jn- 
ces'sio,  Eiicathis'ma,  Excatliis'ma,  (F.)  Demibain, 
from  semi,  and  cuhare,  'to  lie  down.'  A  half- 
bath,  or  such  as  receives  only  the  hips  or  ex- 
tremities. 

SEMICUPIUM,  Bath,  half,  Semi-cubium. 

SEMI-FIBUL^i^US,  Peronseus  brevis. 

SEMI-IISITEROSSEUS  INDICIS,  Abductor 
indicis. 

Srmi-interosseus  Pollicis,  Opponens  pollicis. 

SEMILIBRA,  Selibra. 


SEMILLA  DEL  GUACHARO.  Various  kinds 
of  hard  and  dry  fruits,  found  in  the  stomachs  of 
the  young  Guacharoes,  a  sort  of  nocturnal  bird. 
The  fruits  are  a  celebrated  South  American 
remedy  in  Ague. 

SEMILU'NAR,  Semiluna'ris,  (F.)  Demilu- 
naire  ou  Semilunaire,  from  semi,  and  luna,  '  the 
moon.'     Having  the  shape  of  a  half-moon. 

Semilunar  Cart'ilages,  Semilunar  fibro-car- 
tilages,  Sigmoid  car'tilages,  Gartilag"ines  sig- 
moidecp.  seu  semiluna'res,  are  two  fibro-cartilages, 
which  exist  between  the  condyles  of  the  os  femo- 
ris  and  the  articular  surfaces  of  the  tibia.  The 
innermost,  which  is  longer  from  before  to  behind 
than  transversely,  is  nearly  semicircular.  The 
outermost  forms  almost  an  entire  circle;  an  ar- 
rangement, in  both  cases,  corresponding  to  the 
different  surfaces  of  the  tibia.  They  are  thicker 
at  their  outer  circumference,  which  is  convex, 
than  at  the  inner,  which  is  concave  and  very 
thin.  Both  are  inserted,  before  and  behind,  into 
the  spine  of  the  tibia,  by  means  of  fibrous  fasciae. 

Semilunar  Ganglion, —  Ganglion  abdomina'le 
seu  sp>lanch'nicum  seu  transver'sum  seu  sola're, 
0.  surreiial,  (Ch.),  belongs  to  the  great  sympa- 
thetic. These  ganglia  present  considerable  va- 
riety, and  are  deeply  situate  in  the  abdomen, 
above  and  behind  the  supra-renal  capsules.  They 
correspond,  posteriorly,  to  the  pillars  of  the  dia- 
phragm and  the  aorta.  They  have  the  shape  of 
a  crescent  reversed,  often  surrounded  b}'  other 
ganglia  of  a  smaller  size.  From  their  periphery 
numerous  filaments  proceed,  which  go  to  the  for- 
mation of  the  solar  plexus. 

Semilunar  Notch  of  the  Sternum,  Fourchetie 
—  s.  Valves,  Sigmoid  valves. 

SEMILUNULA  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail. 

SEMI-MAS,  Eunuch. 

SEMIMASCULATUS,  Eunuch. 

SEMIMASCULUS,  Eunuch. 

SEMIMEMBRANEOUS,  Semimembranosus. 

SEMIMEMBRANO'SUS,  Semimembrn'neua, 
(P.)  Ischio-popliti-femoral,  Ischio-popliti-tibial, 
(Ch.)  Demimembraneux.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  flat,  thin,  nar- 
row, and  aponeurotic  in  its  upper  third ;  broader 
and  fleshy  in  the  middle,  and  tendinous  below. 
It  is  attached  above  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  is- 
chium ;  and  below — by  a  tendon,  which  has  three 
divisions — to  the  outer  condyle  of  the  femur,  and 
to  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  internal 
tuberosity  of  the  tibia.  This  muscle  is  a  rotator 
inwards,  and  a  flexor  of  the  leg.  It  can  also  bend 
the  thigh  upon  the  leg.  In  standing  it  maintains 
the  pelvis  in  position,  and  can  even  draw  it  down- 
wards. 

SEMIMORTUUS,  Semianimis. 

SEMINA  CATAPUTI^  MAJORIS,  see  Rici- 
nus  communis. 

Se'mina  Fuig'ida  Majo'ra.  The  greater  cold 
seeds.  The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  the  emul- 
sive seeds  of  the  cucumber,  melon,  gourd,  and 
water-melon. 

Semina  Frigida  Mino'ra.  The  lesser  cold  seeds. 
The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  the  seeds  of  the 
lettuce,  purslane,  endive,  and  cichory. 

Semina  Ricini  Vulgaris,  see  Ricinus  commu- 
nis. 

SEMINAL,  Spermatic— s.  Filaments,  Sperma- 
tozoa— s.  Fluid,  Sperm — s.  Granules,  see  Granule. 

SEMINALE  MEMBRUM,  Penis. 

SEMINALIS,  Spermatic. 

SEMINERVOSUS,  Semi-tendinosus. 

SEMIORBICULARIS,  Orbicularis  oris. 

SEMIPESTIS,  Typhus. 

SEMINEX,  Semianimis. 

SEMINIA  MORBORUM,  Predisposition. 

SEMINIF'EROUS,  from  semen,  seminis, 
'sperm,' and /era,  'I  carry.'     Spermatoph' orous. 


SEMINIST 


833 


SENEGAL 


An  epithet  given  to  the  vessels  which  secrete  and 
convey  the  seminal  fluid. 
SEMINIST,  Animalculist. 
SEMINIUM,  Sperm. 
SEMIOGRAPHY,  Semeiography. 
SEMIOLOGY,  Semeiology. 
•     SEMION,  Sign. 

SEMIOTICE,  Semeiotice  — s.  Faciei,  Physi- 
ognomy. 

SEMIPLEGIA,  Hemiplegia. 
SEMISEXTUM,  Hemieeton. 
SEMISICIL'ICUS.     A  weight  of  one  drachm 
or  three  scruples.  — Rhodius. 

SEMISIDERATIO,  Hemiplegia. 
SEMISIDERATUS,  see  Hemiplegia. 
SEMISOMNIS,  Coma. 
SEMISOPITUS,  Coma. 
SEMISOPORUS,  Coma. 

SEMISPEC'ULUM.  An  instrument  used  for 
dilating  the  incision  made  into  the  neck  of  the 
bladder  in  the  operation  of  lithotomy. — Fabricius 
Hildanus. 

SEMISPINA'LIS  COLLL  Semispma'tits  seu 
transver' so-82»na'li8  seu  spina'lis  seu  transversa'- 
lis  colli,  Artie' ulo-spina' lis,  Spinalis  cervi'cis, 
Transversospinal,  (F.)  Dcmi-epineux  ou  trans- 
versaire-epineux  du  cou.  This  muscle  arises  from 
the  transverse  processes  of  the  six  uppermost 
dorsal  vertebrae,  by  an  equal  number  of  distinct 
tendons,  which  run  obliquely  under  the  com- 
plexus,  and  is  inserted  in  the  spinous  processes 
of  all  the  cervical  vertebrte,  except  the  first  and 
last.  Its  action  is,  to  extend  the  neck  obliquely 
backwards  and  to  one  side. 

Semispinalis  Dorsi,  Semi-spinalis  externns, 
Transver'so-sjnnalis  dorsi,  Semi-spina'tiis,  (Rio- 
Ian),  Transversospinal,  (F.)  Demi-epineux  du 
doe,  Transversaire-epineiix  du  dos.  This  muscle 
arises  from  the  transverse  processes  of  the  se- 
venth, eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth  dorsal  vertebrae, 
by  as  many  distinct  tendons,  which  soon  grow 
fleshy ;  and  then  again  become  tendinous,  and 
are  inserted  into  the  spinous  processes  of  the 
sixth  or  seventh  uppermost  dorsal,  and  two  low- 
est cervical  vertebrae,  by  as  many  tendons.  Its 
action  is,  to  extend  the  spine  obliquely  backwards. 
Semispinalis  Externcs,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi — 
s.  Internus,  Transversalis  dorsi  —  s.  Spinatus, 
Longissimus  dorsi,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi. 

SEMISPINATUS  COLLL  Semispinalis  colli. 
SEMIS'SIS,    Semis.     The    half  of    a   pound, 
ounce,  drachm,  &c. 

SEMITENDINO'SUS,  Semi-nervn'sus,  (F._)  Is- 
cMo-creti-tibial,  Ischio-pretibial,  (Ch.)  Demiien- 
dineitx,  Deminervenx.  This  muecle  is  situate  at 
the  posterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  extends 
obliquely,  downwards  and  inwards,  from  the  tu- 
berosity of  the  ischium  —  to  which  it  is  attached 
by  a  flat  tendon,  common  to  it  and  the  biceps  — 
as  far  as  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  tibia, 
to  which  it  is  attached  by  means  of  another  round 
tendon.  Its  fibres  are  commonly  interrupted  by 
an  aponeurosis.  Its  uses  are  the  same  as  those 
of  the  semimembranosus. 

SEMITERTIANA,  Hemitritsea. 
SEMIIINCIA,  Hemiuncion. 
SEMIVIR,  Eunuch. 
SEMIVIVUS,  Semianimis. 
SEM'OLA,   BULLOCK'S;  a  farinaceous   ar- 
ticle of  diet,  which  is  recommended  as  highly 
nutritious  and  easily  digestible,  consequently  well 
adapted  for  infants  and  invalids,  is  said  to  consist 
of  the  gluten  of  wheat,  with  a  small  proportion 
of  starch.     Semola  and  Semolina  resemble  each 
other  greatly.     They  appear,  indeed,  to  be  iden- 
tical. 

SEMOLI'NA,   Manna    croup.     This   may  be 
made  by  grinding  wheat  in  an  apparatus,  sepa- 
rating the  flour  from  the  middlings,  dressing  the 
53 


latter  four  different  times  in  a  bolting  mill,  and 
sifting  through  parchment  sieves,  until  the  pro- 
duct is  perfectly  freed  from  bran.  In  Poland,  it 
is  called  Cracoio  groats. 

Semolina  is  generally  imported  into  England 
from  the  Baltic,  and  in  Russia  is  said  to  be  man- 
ufactured from  buckwheat.  It  has  a  granular 
form  like  some  kinds  of  oatmeal,  a  dingy  white 
colour,  a  farinaceous,  somewhat  insipid,  taste, 
and  is  well  adapted  for  the  diet  of  children  afi'ect- 
ed  with  derangement  of  the  bowels.  A  recent 
analysis  makes  it  consist  of  the  gluten  of  wheat 
with  a  certain  proportion  of  the  starch,  part  of 
the  latter  having  been  removed. 
SEMPERVIVUM  ACRE,  Sedum. 
Sempervivum  Tecto'rum,  S.  majus  seu  tecto'- 
rum ;  from  semper,  'always,'  and  vivo,  'I  live,' 
because  always  green,  A'izoon, Seiahalalen,  Bvph- 
thalmus,  Barha  Jovis,  Agriosin'ara,  Andra- 
chahara,  Chrysosper'mum,  House-Leek,  Sengreen, 
Feios,  Fouets,  (Prov.)  Cyphel,  Jupjiter's  Beard, 
(F.)  Jouharbe  des  toits.  The  leaves  have  a  mild, 
subacid  austerity,  and  are  often  applied  to  bruises 
and  old  ulcers. 

SEMUDA,  Betula. 
SEMUNCIA,  Hemiuncion. 
SENA,  Cassia  senna. 

SENE,  Cassia  senna  —  «.  d'Amerique,  Cassia 
Marilandica — s.  Faux,  Colutea — s.  Indighie,  Co- 
lutea — s.  des  Pres,  Grntiola  oflScinalis. 

SENEBIERA  COKONOPUS,  Cochlearia  eo- 
ronopus. 

SENECA  OIL,  Petroleum,  (New  York.) 
SENE'CIO,  S.  vulga'ris,  from  senex,  'an  old 
man,'  in  allusion  to  the  grayish  down  on  many 
species  ;  Erig"erum,  Cortalon,  Frigerov,  Ground- 
sel, Fireweed,  (Sc.)  Groundie  Sioalloio,  (P.)  Sene- 
<;on  commun.  Ord.  Compositje.  Sex.  Syst.  Syn- 
genesia  Polygamia  Superflua.  A  common  plant 
in  Europe ;  frequently  applied,  bruised,  to  in- 
flammations and  ulcers,  as  refrigerant  and  anti- 
scorbutic. 

Sene'cio  Au'reus,  Golden  ragweed.  Wild  va- 
le'rian.  Life  root,  Squaiv  roof  ;  indigenous.  Is 
an  excitant,  diaphoretic,  and  diuretic.  The  dried 
plant  is  used  in  decoction  ;  —  ^ss  to  Oj  of  water. 
Senecio  HiERACiFOLirs,  Erechthites  hieraci- 
folius. 

Senecio  Jacob^'a,  Jacobcc'a,  St.  James's  Wort, 
Ragwort,  (Se.)  Bxmwede,  Weebo,  (F.)  Jaeohee. 
The  leaves  have  a  roughish,  bitter,  subacid,  and 
extremely  nauseous  taste.  A  decoction  has  been 
used  in  dysentery.  A  poultice  of  the  leaves  has 
been  recommended  in  rheumatic  affections;  and 
a  decoction  of  the  root  has  often  been  employed 
in  cases  of  wounds  and  bruises. 
SEN  Eg  ON  C03IMUN,  Senecio. 
SENECTA,  Senectus. 

Senec'ta  An'ouium.     The  cast  skin  of  a  ser- 
pent.    A  decoction  of  it  is  said  to  cure  deafness  ! 
Senecta  Decrepita,  Decrepitude  —  s.  Extre- 
me, Decrepitude  —  s.  Summa,  Decrepitude  —  s. 
Ultima,  Decrepitude. 

SENECTUS,    Senec'ta,   from    senex,    'an  old 
man  ;'  Geras,  Se'niuw,  JEtas  seni'lis  seu  provee'ta 
seu  mala.  Old  age,  Senil'ity,  (F.)  Viellesse.      The 
last  period  of  life,  commencing,  according  to  some, 
at  60  years  of  age, — according  to  M.  Flourens  at 
70, — but  varying  according  to  numerous  circum- 
stances.   It  is  characterized  by  progressive  dimi- 
nution of  the  physical  and  moral  faculties 
Senectus  Ultima,  Decrepitude. 
SENEGA,  Polygala  senega. 
SEN'EGAL,   GUM,   Gummi   Sencgalen'se   seu 
Sen'eca  seu  Sen'ega  seu  Sen'ica.     The  exudation 
from  Aea'cia  seu  Mimo'sa  Senegal.  —  Ord.  Le- 
guminosse.     Sex.    Syst.    Polygamia   Monoecia  — 
which  grows  in  the  country  of  Africa  through 


SENEGINE 


834 


SEPT^MIA 


which  the  river  Senegal  runs.  It  is  in  loose  or 
single  drops,  much  larger  than  gum  Arabic,  or 
the  gum  which  exudes  from  the  cherry  tree  ;  and 
is  much  more  difficult  of  solution  than  the  former. 

SENEGINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 

SENEGRAIN,  Trigonella  foenum. 

SENEKA,  Polygala  senega. 

SENEVE,  Sinapis. 

SENGREEN,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

SENILE,  Seni'lis,  from  senex,  'an  old  man.' 
Kelating  or  belonging  to  old  age:  —  as  'senile 
delirium  ;'  dotage. 

SENILITY,  Senectus. 

SENNA,  Cassia  senna — s.  Alexandrina,  Cassia 
senna — s.  American,  Cassia  Marilandiea — s.  Blad- 
der, Colutea  arborescens — s.  Essence  of,  prepared, 
Selway's,  see  Infusum  sennse  compositum  —  s. 
Germanica,  Colutea — s.  Italiea,  Cassia  senna — s. 
Prairie,  Cassia  chamsecrista — s.  Wild,  Cassia  cha- 
msecrista,  Cassia  Marilandiea. 

SE^^S,  Sense  —  s.  Genital,  Appetite,  venereal. 

SENSA'TION,  S'enfta'tio,  from  sentire,  senstim, 
'  to  feel;'  JEsthe'ma.  The  consciousness  or  cog- 
nisance by  the  brain  of  an  impression  caused  by 
an  external  body  on  the  organs  of  the  senses.  (F.) 
Sentiment.  It  is  not  necessarily,  however,  eon- 
fined  to  bodies  external  to  us;  for  we  can  receive 
an  impression  by  touching  any  part  of  our  own 
body.  The  body  which  communicates  the  im- 
pressions needs  but  to  be  external  to  the  part  im- 
pressed. Sensations  are  divided  into  external, 
internal,  and  morbid.  The  external  are  commu- 
nicated by  the  five  organs  of  the  senses.  The 
internal  are  such  as  occur  within  the  body,  and 
arise  from  some  alteration  in  the  function  of  the 
part,  for  the  time  being.  Hunger  and  thirst  are 
internal  sensations,  as  well  as  all  the  natural 
wants.  Jlorbid  sensations  may  be  either  inter- 
nal or  external.  Objec'tive  sensations  are  pro- 
duced by  impressions  on  the  peripheral  nerves  ; 
as  in  vision,  audition,  &c.  Subjec'tive  sensations, 
are  such  as  originate  centrieally,  or  in  the  ence- 
phalon, — as  tinnitus  aurium. 

SENSATIONAL,  Sentient. 

SENSE,  Sensus,  Sen'sio,  JEsthe'sis,  (F.)  Sens. 
Same  etymon  as  Sensation.  A  faculty,  possessed 
by  animals,  of  appreciating  impressions  from  ex- 
ternal objects.  The  senses  are  five  in  number; 
sight,  hearing,  smell,  taste,  and  touch.  Of  these, 
the  first  two  and  the  last  administer  more  to  the 
intellect:  and,  hence,  have  been  called  by  some, 
the  intellectual  senses  ;  the  other  two  seem  more 
destined  for  the  nutrition  of  the  body  :  and, 
hence,  have  been  termed  corporeal  or  nutritive 
senses.  Other  senses  have  been  suggested  —  as 
the  intense  sensation  experienced  during  the  ve- 
nereal act ;  a  sense  of  heat  and  cold  ;  a  muscular 
sense,  a  common  sense  or  ccenassthesis,  &c. 

Senses,  Nervous  System  op  the,  Medulla 
oblongata. 

SENSIBILITAS,  Sensibility— s.  Anomala,  see 
Irritable  —  s.  Aucta,  see  Irritable  —  s.  Morbosa, 
see  Irritable. 

SENSIBIL'ITY,  SensihiVitas.  Same  etymon 
as  Sensation:  yEsthe'ma.  The  faculty  of  receiv- 
ing and  transmitting  impressions,  and  having  the 
consciousness  of  them.  It  thus  includes  three 
secondary  properties,  impressibility,  (F.)  imjves- 
sionabilite,  transmissibility,  and  perceptibility. 
Bichat  defines  it  as  the  property  possessed  by 
living  bodies,  of  receiving  impressions,  whether 
the  individual  be  conscious  of  them  or  not.  In 
the  former  case,  where  conscious,  he  calls  the  sen- 
sibility animal :  in  the  latter,  where  not,  he  terms 
it  organic.  This  last  is  common  to  vegetables 
and  animals,  and  presides  over  nutrition.'absorp- 
tion,  exhalation,  secretion,  &c.     The  other  does 


not  exist  in  vegetables  :  it  is  the  origin  of  the 
sensations — olfaction,  vision,  gustation,  audition, 
thirst,  hunger,  pain,  &q.  There  are  few  parts  of 
the  animal  body,  but  what  are  sensible  —  if  not 
in  health — in  disease.  The  free  extremities  of  the 
hair  and  nails,  and  the  epidermis,  are  not  so.  See 
Insensibility. 

SENSIFEROTJS,  Sentient. 
SENSIO,  Sense. 

SENSITORIUM,  Sensorium. 

SENSORI-VOLIT"IONAL.  A  term  applied 
to  nervous  fibres  which  pass  to  and  from  the  ee- 
rebro-spinal  axis,  and  are  respectively  concerned 
in  sensation  and  volition. 

SENSO'RIAL,  Sentient. 

Sensorial  Power,  according  to  Dr.  Wilson 
Philip,  is  composed  of  the  two  functions  of  sen- 
sation and  volition.  Dr.  Darwin  included  in  it 
the  power  of  muscular  contraction  ;  but  it  ought 
not  to  be  extended  to  acts  in  which  there  is  not 
consciousness. 

SENSO'RIUM,  S.  commu'ne,  Or'ganon  senso'- 
rium  internum,  Sensito'rium,  Empo'rium.  spiri- 
tuum,  uEsthete'j-ion,  Sen'sory.  Same  etymon.  The 
common  centre  of  sensations. 

SENSORY,  Sensorium,  Sentient. 

Sen'sory  Gang'lia.  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
Carpenter  to  a  series  of  ganglionic  masses  at  the 
base  of  the  brain,  which  are  in  direct  communi- 
cation with  the  nerves  of  sensation — as  the  olfac- 
tory, optic,  auditory,  and  gustatory.. 

Sensory  Nerves,  Nerves  of  sensation,  are  so 
called  in  contradistinction  to  J/o^ornerves.  There 
are  general  sensory  nerves  —  as  those  connected 
with  the  posterior  part  of  the  spinal  marrow,  and 
the  fifth  pair;  and  spiecial  sensory,  as  those  of  the 
senses. 

SENSUS  ^GRITUDINIS,  Indisposition  — s. 
Osmometricus,  Olfaction — s.  Perversus,  Pseudses- 
thesia. 

SEN'TIENT,  Sen'tiens,  Sen'sory,  Ideag"enotis, 
Senso'riol,  Sensa'tional,  Sensif  erons.  Same  ety- 
mon.    Feeling,  causing  feeling. 

Sentient  Extremities  of  Nerves  are  their 
minute  terminations  in  the  organs. 

SENTINA,  Pituitary  gland. 

SENTBTENT,  see  Sensntion. 

SEPARATO'RIUM,  from  aeparare,  separatum, 
'  to  separate.'  A  surgical  instrument,  for  sepa- 
rating the  pericranium  from  the  skull. 

A  Sep'aratory,  Vitrum  Hypoclep'ticum,  is  a 
pharmaceutical  vessel  for  separating  fluids  of  dif- 
ferent densities  from  each  other. 

SEPEDOGENESIS,  Sepedonogenesis. 

SEPEDON,  Putrefaction. 

SEPEDONODES,  Putrid. 

SEPEDONOGEN'ESIS,  Sepedogen'esis,  from 
arjxdwv,  '  putrescency,'  and  yei/ecng,  'generation.' 
A  septic  disposition  or  tendency ;  such  as  is  met 
with  in  typhus  gravior. 

SEPES,  Sa'pes,  'a  hedge,'  'a  row;'  as  Sepes 
seu  Se'ries  seu  Pecten  den'tium  ; — a  row  of  teeth. 

Sepes  Dbntium,  see  Sepes. 

SEPHIRUS,  Scleriasis. 

SE'PIA,  ariTTia,  S.  officina'lis,  Se'pium,  Cuttle- 
Fish,  (Se.)  Hose-Fish,  Slieve-Fish,  (F.)  Skche. 
Class  Cephalopoda.  The  osseous  part  of  the 
cuttle-fish;  (F.)  Os  de  Seche — PrcBcip'itans  mag'- 
num — has  been  used  as  an  absorbent,  and  is  often 
added  to  tooth-powders. 

SEPLASIA'RIUS.  A  name  formerly  given  to 
one  who  sold  perfumes,  ointments,  &c.  It  is 
derived  from  Seplasia,  the  name  of  a  public  place 
at  Capua,  where  such  preparations  were  fre- 
quently sold.     A  druggist. 

SEPSICHYMIA,  Septochymia. 

SEPSIS,  Putrefaction. 

SEPT^E'MIA;  from  (rt]-To;,  'rotten,'  and  'atfja, 


SEPTAL 


835 


SERPENTARIA 


'blood.'     A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood  pro- 
duced by  septic  or  putrid  matters. 

SEPTAL,  Se2)ta'iis,  from  Sejjtum.  Relating, 
or  appertaining  to,  a  septum:  as  'septal  walls 
of  the  heart'  —  those  that  separate  the  cavities 
from  each  other. 

SEPTANA  FEBRIS,  Fever,  septan. 
SEP'TENARY,  Septena'rhis,  (P.)  Septenaire, 
from  septem,  'seven.'  'Consisting  of  seven.' 
The  septenary  years  of  the  old  believers  in  criti- 
cal periods  were  times  at  which,  it  was  supposed, 
important  changes  might  be  expected  to  take 
place.  The  grand  climacteric  was  fixed  at  63, 
and  it  was  considered  that  if  a  person  passed  that 
age,  he  had  well-founded  expectations  that  his 
life  miffht  be  protracted  to  90. 

SEPTENNIAD,  Climacteric,  (years.) 
SEPTERIUS,  Septic. 
SEPTFOIL,  UPRIGHT,  Tormentilla. 
SEPTIC,    Sep'ticu8,    Septus,     Septerin?,    from 
arjiTtiv,  'to  rot,'  ariTZTos,  'rotten.'    That  which  pro- 
duces putrefaction.     A  substance  which  corrodes 
and  disorganizes  the  soft  parts  without  causing 
much  pain. 

Septic  Poison,  see  Poison. 
SEPTICEMIA,  Septaemia. 
SEPTIMESTRIS  FCETUS,  see  Foetus  septi- 
mestris. 

SEPTINERVIA,  Plantago. 

SEPTOCHYM'IA,  Sepsichi/m'ia;   from  <Tr,-l,;, 
'putrefaction,'  and   ^I'/io?,  'juice.'     Putrefaction 
or  putreseency  of  the  humours. 
SEPTOjST,  Azote. 
SEPTOPYRA,  Typhus  gravior. 
SEPT'ULUM;  diminutive  of  septum.    A  divi- 
sion between  small  spaces  or  cavities  —  as  the 
septula  or  fibrous  cords  given  off  by  the  medias- 
tinum testis  to  be  inserted  into  the  inner  surface 
of  the  tunica  albuginea. 

SEPTUM,  (F.)  Cloison,  'a  partition,'  from 
sepio,  septum,  '  I  fence  in.'  A  part  destined  to 
separate  two  cavities  from  each  other,  or  to  di- 
vide a  principal  cavity  into  several  secondary 
cavities. 

These  septa  are  numerous  in  the  human  body. 
The  chief  are  the  following: — 

Septum  Atrio'kum,  S.  Auricula'rum.  The 
septum  or  partition  between  the  auricles  of  the 
heart. 

Septum  Auricularum,  S.  Atriorum  —  s.  Cere- 
belli,  Falx  cerebelli — s.  Cerebri,  Falx  cerebri — s. 
Cochleae  auditoriae,  Lamina  spiralis. 

Septum  Cordis,  Septum  me'dium  cordis.  The 
partition  which  separates  the  two  ventricles  of 
the  heart. 

Septum  Encephali,  Tentorium. 
Septum  Lu'cidum  sen  pellu'eidum  seu  ten'ue  et 
pelluridum  seu  me'dium,  Spjec'ulum,  S.  lucidmn. 
Lapis  specula'ris,  MediastV num  seu  Diaphragma 
ventriculo'rxtm  latera'lium  cer'ebri,  (F.)  Septum 
midian  (Ch.),  Cloison  transparente.  The  soft 
portion  or  medullary  substance,  which  separates 
the  two  lateral  ventricles  of  the  brain  from  each 
other.  This  septum  is  composed  of  two  lamina  ; 
between  which  a  small  cavity  exists,  filled  by  a 
serous  fluid,  ventrie'ulus  sepiti  peUu'cidi,  see  Ven- 
tricles of  the  Brain.  The  brothers  Wenzel  are 
of  opinion  that  this  cavity  is  lined  by  a  peculiar 
membrane. 

SEPTUM  MEDTAN,  S.  lucidum— s.  Median 
du  cervelet,  Falx  cerebelli — s.  Medium  cerebri,  S. 
lucidum. 

Septum  Na'rium,  Interseptum  seu  Dissepimen' - 
fum  seu  Interfi'nium  seu  Discri' men  seu  Imbrex 
seu^  Diaphrag'ma  na'rium,  (F.)  Cloison  des  Fosses 
nasale.s.  The  partition  between  the  nares.  It  is 
formed  by  the  vomer,  the  perpendicular  plate  of 
the  ethmoid  bone,  and  a  cartilage  of  a  triangular 
shape.     These   parts   are  lined  by  the  pituitary 


membrane,  which  receives  a  considerable  number 
of  nerves  and  vessels. 

Septum  Nasi,  see  Nares. 

Septum  Parvum  Occipitale,  Falx  cerebelli — 
s.  Pectiniforme,  see  Cavernous  bodies  —  s.  Pellu- 
cidum,  S.  Lucidum— s.  Sealae,  Lamina  spiralis — 
s.  Staphi/Ii'u,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  s.  Tenue 
et  pellucidum,  S.  lucidum— s.  Thoracis,  Mediap- 
tinum — 8.  Transverse,  Tentorium  —  s.  Transver- 
sum.  Diaphragm — s.  Vestibuli  nervoso-meiiibra- 
naceum,  see  Labyrinth. 

SEPTUS,  Septicus. 

SEPUM,  Sevum. 

SEQUES'TRUM,  "the  depositing  of  a  dis- 
puted thing  in  the  hands  of  a  third  person  !" 
The  portion  of  bone,  in  necrosis,  which  is  dead, 
and  separated  from  the  living  bone,-  acting, 
whilst  retained,  as  an  extraneous  body.  When 
the  sequestrum  is  superficial  and  small,  it  is 
called  ExfoUa'tion.  The  portion  of  bone  sur- 
rounding it  is  the  Cap'sula  sequestra' lis. 

SERAPEUM,  Syrup. 

SERAPINON,  Sagapenum. 

SERAPIUM,  Syrup. 

SERBET,  Scherbet. 

SEREUX,  Serous. 

SE'RICO-CARPUS  TORTIFO'LIUS,  Cowj'za 
hifolia'tu.  Aster  tortifo'Uus ;  indigenous;  Order, 
Compositse  :  is  said  to  be  diuretic. 

SER'ICUM,  ^(7/;;  from  ♦S'ej-es— the  Thibetans 
probably  —  from  whom  it  was  first  obtained. 
(F.)  S<iie.  The  thread  spun  by  the  Bomhyx 
Mori  or  SilJcicorm.  Silk  is  used  l3y  surgeons  for 
ligatures,  &e. 

Sericum  Axglicum,  see  Sparadrapum  adhsesi- 
vum. 

SERIES  DENTIUM,  see  Sepes. 

SERIEUX,  Serious. 

SERINGVE,  Syringe. 

SERIOLA,  Cichorium  intybus. 

SE'RIOUS,  Serius,  (F.)  Serieux,  Grave.  A 
term  applied  to  a  disease,  Dyspathi'a,  Morbus 
gravis,  and  to  a  symptom  that  is  attended  with 
danger. 

SERIS,  Cichorium  intybus. 

SERMOUNTAIN,  Laserpitium  album. 

SERO-COLITIS,  see  Colitis. 

SERO-CYSTIC,  Sero-eyst'icus.  An  epithet  for 
tumours  of  the  female  breast,  which  consist,  in 
the  first  stage,  of  one  or  more  membranous  cj'sts, 
produced  perhaps  by  dilatation  of  portions  of  the 
lactiferous  tubes. 

SERO-HEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 

SER'OLIN,  from  serum  and  olein.  A  peculiar 
fatty  matter  detected  in  the  blood  by  Boudet, 
Lecanu,  Sanson,  and  others. 

SEROSITE,  Serum. 

SEROSITY,  Serum. 

SEROUS,  Sero'sus,  (F.)  Sereiix  ;  from  serum. 
Thin ;  watery.  Relating  to  the  most  watery 
portion  of  animal  fluids,  or  to  membranes  that 
secrete  them.     Sec  Serum. 

Serous  Later,  see  Tache  emhryonnaire — s. 
Membranes,  Membranes,  serous. 

SERPEDO,  Psoriasis. 

SERPENT,  Serpens,  Anguis,  OpUe ;  from 
serpo,  'I  creep.'     A  snake. 

Snake  Broth  was,  at  one  time,  recommended 
as  a  restorative. 

Many  serpents  are  venomous  :  and  the  bites  of 
some  fatal.     See  Poisons,  table  of. 

SERPENTAIRE  NOIRE,  Actsea  racemosa 
—  s.  Rouge,  Polygonum  bistorta. 

SERPENTARIA,  Aristolochia  serpentaria— s. 
Gallorum,  Arum  dracunculus  —  s.  Hispanica, 
Scorzonera — s.  Minor,  Arum  maculatum — s.  Ni- 
gra, Act«a  racemosa. 


SERPENTARI^ 


836 


SESAMOID 


SERPENTARI^  BRAZILIENSIS  RADIX, 
Caincaa  radix. 

SERPENTIN,  see  Alembic. 

SERPENTINE,  Ophites. 

SERPENTINUS,  Ophites. 

SERPES,  Herpes. 

SERPIG"INOUS,  from  serpere,  'to  creep.' 
An  epithet  given  to  certain  aifections,  which 
creep,  as  it  were,  from  one  p.-irt  to  another, — ^Ser- 
piginous erysipelas,'   (F.)  J^rysipele  serpighietix. 

SERPIGO,  Herpes  circinatus,  Lichen  psoriasis. 

SERPILLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERF  OLE  T,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERPULLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERPYLLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum  — s.  Citra- 
lura,  see  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERRA,  Saw  —  s.  Amputatoria,  Saw,  amputa- 
tion —  s.  Versatilis,  Trepan. 

SERRAT'ULA  AMA'RA,  from  serra.  '  a  saw,' 
owing  to  its  serrated  leaves.  Family,  Cynaroce- 
phale*.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  sequa- 
lis.    A  species  of  Sawicort,  recommended  in  ague. 

Serrathla  Behen,  Centaurea  behen. 

SERRATUS,  Dentate— s.  Anticus  Minor,  Pec- 
toralis  minor. 

Serra'tus  Magnus.  So  called  from  its  ser- 
rated appearance;  from  serra,  'a  savr.'  Serrntus 
major  aiiti'cua,  S.major,{'E.)  Costo-hasi-scapmlaire, 
Costo-scapiilaire  (Ch.),  Grand  dentele.  A  very 
broad  (especially  anteriorly),  thin,  flat,  irregularly 
quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  at  the  sides  of  the  tho- 
rax. It  is  attached,  Ifbfore,  to  the  external  surface 
of  the  first  8  or  9  ribs,  by  as  many  distinct  digita- 
tions :  and,  behind,  to  the  spinal  edge  of  the  scapula. 
The  superior  fibres  are  almost  horizontal  ;  the 
lower  become  gradually  more  and  more  oblique 
upwards  and  backwards.  This  muscle  carries 
the  scapula  forwards,  and  causes  it  to  execute  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  directs  its  inferior 
angle  forwards,  and  the  anterior  upwards.  When 
the  shoulder  is  fixed,  it  raises  the  ribs. 

Serratus  Major,  Serratus  magnus — s.  Major 
anticus,  Serratus  magnus. 

Serratds  Posti'cus  Inferior,  (F.)  Dorso- 
lomho-costal,  Lomho-costul  (Ch.),  Petit  dentele 
pnsterieur  et  inferienr.  A  broader  and  thinner 
muscle  than  the  following,  but  nearly  of  the 
same  shape.  It  is  situate  obliquely  at  the  lower 
part  of  the  back;  and  extends  from  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  last  two  or  three  dorsal  vertebra, 
and  the  first  two  or  three  lumbar,  to  the  inferior 
margin  of  the  last  four  false  ribs.  This  muscle 
depresses  the  ribs,  and  thus  concurs  in  expiration. 
It  is  an  antagonist  to  the  next. 

Serratus  Posti'cus  Supe'rior,  (F.)  Cervici- 
dorto-costul,  Dorso-costal,  (Ch.)  Petit  dentele  su- 
perieur.  A  flat,  thin,  quadrilateral  muscle; 
situate  obliquely  at  the  posterior  inferior  part  of 
the  neck,  and  the  superior  part  of  the  back.  It 
passes  from  the  posterior  cervical  ligament,  the 
spinous  process  of  the  last  cervical  vertebra; 
from  the  spinous  processes  of  the  first  two  or 
three  _ dorsal,  to  the  second,  third,  fourth,  and 
fifth  ribs  ;  into  which  it  is  inserted  by  as  many 
digitations.  It  raises  the  ribs,  and  is,  conse- 
quently, an  inspiratory  muscle. 

SERRE-ARTERE,  Presse-arth-e. 

SERRE-COU  (F.),  from  serrer,  'to  squeeze,' 
and  eon,  '  the  neck.'  An  instrument,  invented  by 
Chabert,  for  compressing  the  jugular  vein,  in 
bleedmg  from  that  vessel.  It  surrounds  the  neck 
like  a  collar,  and,  by  means  of  a  pad,  exerts  the 
necessary  pressure. 

SERRE-FINE,  (F.),  from  serrer, 'to  squeeze,' 
and./?/!,  'fine.'  A  small  spring  forceps,  invented 
by  M.  Videl.  It  is  formed  of  a  wire  of  metal, 
turned  in  the  middle  into  two  spirals,  one  in  front 
of  the  other.  This  constitutes  the  sprino-.  Each 
branch  describes  nearly  the  letter  S  :  and"' one  ex- 


j  tremity  forms  the  spiral,  the  other  lays  hold  of 
the  parts  to  be  united. 

SERRE-XCEUD  (F.),  from  serrer,  'to  squeeze,' 
and  nceiid,  'a  knot.'  This  name  has  been  o-iven 
to  various  instruments,  employed  by  the  surgeon 
for  tightening  a  ligature  passed  round  a  pedicu- 
lated  tumour,  or  any  part  which  has  to  be  de- 
stroyed by  ligature  slowly  and  gradually.  Thus, 
there  is  the  serre-ncexid  of  Roderic,  the  constriv- 
teiir  of  Herbinaux,  the  serre-ncend  of  Desault,  <fee. 

SERRE  NCEUD  BE  DESCHA3IPS,  Presse- 
artere. 

SERTULA  CAMPANA,  Trifolium  melilotus. 

SERUM,  Sperm. 

Serum,  'whey.'  Orrhoa,  Oros,  Seros'ity,  (F.) 
Serosite.  The  most  watery  portion  of  animal 
fluids,  exhaled  by  serous  membranes.  It  is  a 
constituent  part  of  blood,  milk,  &c. 

Serum  op  the  Blood,  HcB.'mydor,  Orrlios, 
Serum  seu  Ichor  san'yvinis,  (F.)  Serum  du  Sang, 
is  the  liquid  which  separates  from  the  blood,  when 
coagulated  at  rest.  It  is  of  a  greenish-yellow 
colour;  viscid,  slightly  coagulable  by  heat,  acids, 
and  alcohol.  It  is  composed  of  water;  chloride 
of  sodium;  certain  phosphates;  and  albumen, 
constantly  united  to  soda,  almost  in  a  sapona- 
ceous combination. 

The  fluid  which  exudes  from  the  albumen  of 
the  serum  of  the  blood,  when  coagulated  by  heat, 
is  by  some  called  seroa'ity. 

SJh:RU3[  DU  SANG,  S.  of  the  blood. 

Serum  Lactis,  Aqua  Lactis;  Serum,  of  Bfill; 
Whey,  (Prov.)  Whig,  (F.)  Serum  du  lait,  Petit 
lait.  That  part  of  milk  from  which  the  butter  and 
caseous  matter  have  been  separated.  It  is  a 
transparent,  citrine-coloured  liquid,  containing 
sugar  of  milk,  mucilage,  acetic  acid,  phosphate 
of  lime,  and  some  other  saline  substances.  It 
is  used  as  a  slightly  nutritious  diluent  and  refri- 
gerant. The  French  have  magistral  formula, 
the  basis  of  which  is  whey.  They  are  called 
Petits-lails,  or  'wheys.' 

Serum  Lactis  Hoffman'ni,  (F.)  Petit-lnit 
d'Boffrnann,  is  a  name  given  to  the  liquid  re- 
sulting from  treating  with  boiling  water  milk 
which  has  been  evaporated  to  an  almost  solid 
consistence.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Rennet  Whey  is  made  thus:  milk  2  pints; 
rennet  ^^ss,  infused  in  a  little  hot  water:  mix  and 
keep  in  a  gentle  heat  for  some  hours,  then  strain. 
— Gray. 

Serum  Sanguinis,  Serum  of  the  blood. 

Serum  of  Serous  Membranes,  ASerum  mem- 
hranarum  seroaa'rum,  Water  of  Dropsy,  (F.) 
Servm  des  memhrnnes  sereuses,  Eau  des  hydro- 
pique.s.  It  resembles  the  serum  of  the  blood,— 
especially  in  cases  of  hydrocele.  The  water  of 
hydrothorax  and  ascites  contains  much  less  al- 
bumen :  — sometimes  enough  to  coagulate  on  the 
application  of  heat :  at  others,  not. 

SERVICE,  MOUNTAIN,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

Service  Tree,  Sorbus  domcstica. 

SER  VIETTE  EN  CARRE,  Oonvrechef 

SESAM E,  Sesamum  orientale. 

SES'AMOID,  Sesamoi'des,  Sesamo'dea,  Sean- 
moidens,  from  ar,aa(i^,  '  a  grain  of  sesamum,'  and 
eioos,  '  resemblance.' 

Sesamoid  Bones,  Ossa  seu  Osaic'uln  aesnmoi- 
dea,  are  small  bones,  situate  in  the  substance  of 
tendons,  near  certain  joints.  Their  number  is 
various.  They  are  commonly  more  in  the  male 
than  female.  Two  are  constantly  met  with  be- 
neath the  metatarso-phalangal  articulations  of 
the  great  toe.  Sometimes,  the  articulations  of 
other  bones  of  the  metatarsus  with  the  pha- 
langes of  the  toes  have  them  likewise.  In  the 
hand,  there  are  two  before  the  metacarpo-pha- 
langal  joint  of  the   thumb.     At  times,  they  are 


SESAMUM 


837 


SHAME  OCK,    INDIAN 


met  with  in  the  other  metacarpo-phalangal  arti- 
culations. Occasionally,  two  exist  behind  the 
condyles  of  the  femur,  in  the  tendons  of  the 
gastrocnemii  muscles.  A  considerable  os  sesn- 
moideum  is  also  met  with  in  the  tendon  of  the 
peronasus  longus.  These  bones  are  commonly 
round,  and  flattened  only  on  one  surface,  which 
is  incrusted  with  cartilage.  Their  size  is  very 
variable,  according  to  the  joints  in  which  they 
exist.  Traces  of  sesamoid  bones  are  not  ob- 
served in  infants :  in  them,  they  are  replaced  by 
small,  cartilaginous  concretions.  They  are  de- 
veloped by  a  single  point  of  ossification  :  and 
are,  like  the  patella  (which  is  a  true  sesamoid 
bone,)  composed  of  much  cellular  substance, 
covered  by  a  thin  layer  of  compact  tissue.  The 
«(se  of  these  bones  is, — to  allow  the  tendon  to  be 
inserted  into  the  lever  at  a  greater  angle;  and 
thus  enable  the  power  to  act  more  advanta- 
geously. 

Riolan  has  given  the  name  Ossa  sesamo'idea  to 
two  bony  points  sometimes  met  with  ;  —  the  one 
at  the  outer  side  of  the  carotid  canal  of  the  tem- 
poral bone;  and  the  other  at  the  edge  of  the 
cavernous  sinus,  at  the  side  of  the  internal  caro- 
tid artery. 

SESAMUM,  see  Sesaraura  orientale. 
Ses'amuji  Orirmta'lr,  S.  edu'le  seu  oleif'erum 
seu  In'dicwn,  Benne,  Oily  Grain,  (F.)  Sesame, 
Jitf/eoline.  Ord.  Bignoniacere.  The  seeds  of  this 
African  plant  are  cultivated  in  Georgia  and  South 
Carolina,  where  the  negroes  use  them  with  Indian 
corn  as  an  article  of  food.  They  yield  a  larger 
proportion  of  oil  than  any  other  vegetable ;  one 
hundred  weight  producing  ninety  pounds  of  oil, 
which  is,  at  least,  equal  to  Florence  oil. 

Benne  oil,  Oleum  Ses'ami,  is  used  in  the  South- 
ern States  as  a  laxative.  The  leaves  —  Sesami 
folia,  (Ph.  U.  S.)^afiFord,  by  infusion,  an  excel- 
lent mucilage. 

SESCUN'CIA,  Setqw'iin'cia,  HemioVion.  An 
ounce  and  a  half.     See  Sesqui. 

SESELI,  Laserpitium  siler  —  s.  jEgopodium, 
Ligusticum  podagraria — s.  Annuum,  S.  tortuo- 
sum  • —  s.  Carum,  Caru:n  —  s.  Carvi,  Carum  —  s. 
Creticum,  Tordylium  oflBcinale  —  s.  Fceniculifo- 
lium,  Sison  ammi — s.  Graveolens,  Apium  grave- 
olens  —  s.  Meum,  iEthusa  meum' — -s.  Patens,  S. 
tortuosum — s.  Pratense,  PeucedaJum  silaus  —  s. 
des  Pres,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

Ses'eli  ToRTUo'suir,  S.  Itassilien'se  seu  an'- 
iiunm  seu  jiatens,  (Enav'ihe  stria'ta  rifj"ida, 
Itarticort  of  Marseilles.  The  seeds  have  a  warm 
taste;  and  a  greater  degree  of  pungency  than 
those  of  Laserpitium  siler,  which  is  the  Seseli  of 
the  Pharmacopoeias. 

SESELIS,  Laserpitium  siler,  Seseli. 
SESQtJI.     This  word,  joined  with  any  num- 
ber, weight,  measure,  &c.,  signifies    one   and  a 
half;  as  sesqnigraniim,  'a  grain  and  a  half.' 
SESQUIITNCIA,  Sescuncia. 
SETA    EQUI'NA,    'horse-hair.'      Hairworm, 
Helmin'thus  Gor'dii.     A  kind  of  worm,  found  in 
stagnant   water,  from    4   to  6  inches   long,  and 
twisted  into  various  knots  and  contortions;  co- 
lour  pale-brown,  with    dark   extremities.     It  is 
common  in    the   intestines    of  the    Laplanders ; 
causing    the    Col'ica    La2}2'>on'ica,  in   which    the 
gripings  are,  at  times,  exceedingly  severe. 

SETA'CEUM,  Seto,  Seton,  from  sefa,  'a  bristle.' 
A  long  strip  of  fine  linen  or  cotton  twist,  passed 
through  the  skin  and  areolar  membrane,  to  keep 
up  an  issue;  or  through  suppurating  cavities, 
between  the  fragments  of  fractured  bones,  &e., 
to  fulfil  certain  indications.  The  term  is,  also, 
applied  to  the  issue  so  established.  The  opera- 
tion is  simple.  It  consists  in  laying  hold  of  a 
fold  of  skin,  and  passing  a  seton-needle  through 
it,  with  the  thread  attached.     Every  day  a  fresh 


portion  of  the  thread  is  drawn  through  the  sore. 
Setons  are  established  in  many  diseases; — in 
obstinate  ophthalmia,  cephalalgia  ;  epilepsy, 
thoracic  and  abdominal  aft'ections,  &c. ;  but  they 
are  not  as  much  used  as  formerlj'. 

SETARIA  ROCCELLA,  Lichen  roccella. 

SETFAST,  see  Furunculus. 

SETO,  Setaceum. 

SETON,  Setaceum. 

SBTTERWORT,  Helleborus  fcetidus. 

SEVADILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

SEVATIO,  Steatoma. 

Si:V£:,  Sap. 

SEVENBARK,  Hydrangea  arborescens. 

S£  VRA  GE,  Weaning. 
•    SBVUM,  Pinguedo. 

Sevum,  Sehnm,  Sef^tim,  Sfear,  Adeps  ovil'li, 
Sevum  verveci'num.  Suet,  mutton  suet:  Pin- 
guedo. 

Sevum  PR^PATtA'TDjr,  Sevum  (Ph.  U.  S.), — 
Ovil'li  Sevum  Prapara'tum,  Prepared,  Suet, 
(F.)  Graisse  de  Mouton,  Suif,  is  formed  by  . 
cutting  suet  in  pieces ;  melting  over  a  slow  fire, 
and  straining  through  linen.  It  is  emollient, 
and  is  sometimes  boiled  in  milk  (^ij  to  Oj), 
and  is  used  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  Its 
principal  employment  is  in  the  formation  of 
plasters. 

Sevum  Vervecinum,  Sevum. 

SEX,  Sexus,  Geiios,  Phi/sis.  The  physical 
ditference  between  male  and  female  in  animals 
and  vegetables: — as  the  J/ule'sex,  Sexus  po'tior 
seu  for'fior  seu  viri'lis ;  and  the  Female  sex, 
Sexns  seq'tiior,  S.  midie'hris,  Alter  Sexus,  'The 
Sex.' 

SEXTANS,  from  sextus,  'the  sixth;'  Sexta 
jjars  iibrm.     The  sixth  part  of  a  pound. — Galen. 

SEXTA'RIUS.  Same  etymon.  An  ancient 
measure  for  liquid  and  solid  substances;  the 
sixth  part  of  a  congius.  See  Weights  and  Mea- 
sures. 

SEX'TULA.  Same  etymon.  Bexa'tjium,  'e^a- 
ytov.     The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce. 

SEX'Ux\L,  Sexnn'lis,  from  sexus,  'sex.'  That 
which  relates  to  the  sex ;  which  characterizes  the 
sex. 

Sexual  Diseases,  Iforhi  sexun'les,  are  the  dis- 
eases of  the  genital  organs  ;  as  Sexual  Fusc- 
TiONS  are  the  genital  functions. 

Sexual  Intercoukse,  Coition  —  s.  Organs, 
Genital  organs. 

SEXUS^Sex  —  s.  Alter,  see  Sex — s.  Fortior, 
see  Sex  —  s.  Muliebris,  see  Sex  —  s.  Potior,  see 
Sex  —  s.  Sequior,  see  Sex  —  s.  Virilis,  see  Sex. 

SEYDSCHiJTZ  WATER,  Seidschiitz  water. 

SHACKLE,  Carpus. 

SHACKLE-HAMMED, -see  Cnemoscoliosis. 

SHADDOCK.  The  fruit  of  Citrus  decu'mana, 
called  after  the  captain  of  a  vessel  who  first  took 
it  to  the  West  Indies  from  China.  It  is  large; 
but  inferior  to  the  orange  in  flavour.  It  keeps, 
however,  longer;  and,  hence,  is  useful  on  long 
voyages. 

SHAKERS,  see  Convulsionnaire. 
SHAKES,  Intermittent. 
SHAKING,  Intermittent,  see  Rigor. 
SHALLOT,  Eehalotte. 

SHAMPOO'ING,  Champooing,  3Tassing,  (¥.) 
Massage,  Massement.  A  Hindoo  process,  which 
consists  in  pressing  the  body  of  the  bather  in  a 
peculiar  manner;  cracking  the  various  joints, 
and  eraploj'ing  blows  and  friction. 

'Kneading'  consists  in  pressing  alternately 
upon  a  part  of  the  body  to  arouse  the  muscles  to 
more  energetic  action.  It  is  employed  at  times 
in  dvspepsia. 

SHAMROCK,  INDIAN,  Trillium  latifolium- 
s.  Water,  Menyanthes  verna. 


SHANKER 


838 


SICCHASIA 


SHANKER.  Chancre. 

SHANNONDALB  SALINE  SPRINGS. 
These  are  within  a  few  miles  of  Charlestown, 
Jefferson  County,  Virginia.  They  are  mildly 
aperient  and  diuretic. 

SHARON  SPRINGS,  NEW  YORK.  These 
springs,  which  are  situate  about  10  or  12  miles 
south  of  Canajoharie,  N.  Y.,  and  45  miles  west 
of  Albany,  are  much  frequented.  They  contain, 
according  to  the  analysis  of  Dr.  Chilton,  sulphate 
of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium, 
chloride  of  magnesium,  sulphohydrate  of  sodium, 
sulphohydrate  of  calcium,  vegetable  extractive 
matter,  and  free  sulphohydric  acid  gas.  Their 
temperature  is  48°  Fahr. 

SHEATH,  Vagina. 

SHEDDING  OP  THE  TEETH,  see  Dentition. 

SHEEP  POISON,  Kalmia  latifolia. 

SHELLBARK,  see  Hickory. 

SHELL  FLOWER,  Trillium  latifolium  —  s. 
Liquid,  see  Calcis  murias  —  s.  Membrane,  Mem- 
brana  testae. 

SHEPHERD'S  PURSE,  Thlaspi  bursa  — s. 
Sun  dial,  Anagallis  arvensis. 

SHERBET,  Scherbet— s.  Orange,  see  Syrupus 
aurantii. 

SHERMAN'S  WORM  LOZENGES,  see  Worm 
lozenges,  Sherman's. 

SHERRY,  Sack,  see  Wine. 

SHIELD-BONE,  Scapula. 

SHIELD,  WATER,  Nelumbium  luteum. 

SHILDER,  Humerus. 

SHIN,  O'crea,  Crista  tib'icB,  Sax.  rcina.  The 
Bj)ine  or  anterior  part  of  the  tibia  or  leg.  It  is, 
also,  called  Anticne'mion,  and  Grea. 

SHINBONE,  Tibia. 

SHINGLES,  Herpes  zoster. 

SHINLEAF,  Pyrola. 

SHINLOCK,  Brassica  eruca. 

SHIP  FEVER,  see  Typhus. 

SHITABED,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

SHIVERING,  see  Rigor. 

SHOCK,  see  Concussion. 

Shock,  Nervous,  Vital  Shock,  Vital  Depres- 
sion, Nervous  Depression,  Fatal  Sinking.  Sudden 
or  instantaneous  depression  of  organic,  nervous, 
or  vital  power,  often  with  more  or  less  perturba- 
tion of  body  and  mind,  passing  either  into  reac- 
tion, or  into  fatal  sinking,  occasioned  by  the 
nature,  severity  or  extent  of  injury,  or  by  an 
overwhelming  moral  calamity.  — Copland. 

Shock,  Vital,  Shock,  nervous. 

SHOOT,  Criek-in-the-nock. 

SHORT,  Sax.  rceopr,  from  rcipan,  'to  cut,  to 
shear,'  shored,  shor'd,  short,  (F.)  Court.  A  word 
used,  by  anatomists,  in  opposition  to  long;  and 
to  distinguish  parts  from  each  other  that  have 
otherwise  the  same  name. 

Short  Boxes,  for  example,  are  those  in  which 
the  three  dimensions — length,  breadth,  and  thick- 
ness—  are  nearly  alike;  such  are  the  vertebrae, 
bones  of  the  carpus,  tarsus,  &o. 

Short-of-Pdff,  Short-winded  —  s-  Ribs,  see 
Costa. 

SHORTSIGHTED,  Myopic. 

SHORTSIGHTEDNESS,  Myopia. 

SHORTWINDED,  Pursy. 

SHOTBUSH,  Aralia  spinosa. 

SHOTT,  Pleurodvnia. 

SHOULDER,  Humerus  — s  Blade,  Senpula  — 
s.  Bone.  Humerus. 

SHOUP.  Haunch. 

SHOVEL  PICKEREL  WEED,  Unisema  del- 
tifolia  —  s.  Pond,  Unisema  deltifolia. 

SHOW,  see  Parturition. 

SHOW-CHOO,  see  Spirit. 

SHOWER-BATH,  see  Bath. 

SHRUB,  perhaps,  from  Arabic,  sharab,  'syrup.' 
A  compound  of  spirits,  lemon-juice,  and  sugar. 


Sheub,  Sweet,  Calyoanthus — s.  Sweet-scented, 
Calycanthus. 

SHRUMP-SHOULDERED,  see  Hump. 

SHUD'DERING,  Frem'itus,  Phryag'ma,  from 
(G.)  Schauder,  Schauer,  (F.)  Fremissement, 
Tressaillement.  A  peculiar  sensation,  felt  either 
externally  or  internally;  and  which  seems  to  be 
the  result  of  a  spasmodic  movement  of  the  parts 
in  which  it  occurs.  A  slight  feeling  of  cold 
sometimes  accompanies  it.  It  is,  at  times,  the 
result  of  a  moral  cause,  and  is  often  the  precur- 
sor of  shivering. 

SHULL-BANE,  Humerus. 

SHUMAC,  Rhus  coriaria. 

SIAGANTRI'TIS,  from  aiayuiv,  'the  jaw,' 
avrpov,  'a  cavity,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  antrum  of  Highmore. 

SIAGON,  Maxillary  bone. 

SIAGO'NAGRA,  from  ciayav,  'the  jaw,'  and 
ayga,  '  a  seizure.'  Arthri'tia  maxilla'ris.  A  gouty 
or  rheumatic  affection  of  the  joint  of  the  lower 
jaw. 

SIALACHUS,  Salivation. 

SIAL'AGOGUE,  Sialogo'gns,  Sial'ogogne,  Pty- 
al'agogue,  Plyas'magogue,  Sali'vans,  Saliva'ttim, 
Sialocinet'icus,  Apophlegmat'isans  per  os,  (F.) 
Salivant ;  from  airi\ov,  'saliva,'  and  ayui,  'I  ex- 
pel.' That  which  provokes  the  secretion  of 
saliva.  Pyrethrum  and  mercury  are  sialogogues. 
Sialagogues  may  be  of  two  kinds,  those  which 
act  through  the  circulation,  and  those  which  act 
immediately  on  the  salivary  organs.  Mercury 
belongs  to  the  former,  —  pyrethrum  to  the  latter 
class.  The  chief  sialagogues  are  armoracia, 
calamus,  mezereum,  pyrethrum,  tabacum,  and 
zingiber. 

SIAL'ICA,  from  ciaXov,  'saliva.'  ?iledicines, 
which  affect  the  salivary  glands. — Pereira. 

SIALISMUS.  Salivation. 

SIALOCINETICUS,  Sialagogue. 

SIALOLITHI,  Calculi,  salivary.. 

SIALOLOG"IA,  from  aiaXov,  'saliva,'  and 
Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'     A  treatise  on  saliva. 

SIALOMA.  Saliva. 

SIALON,  Saliva. 

SIALORRHCEA,  Salivation. 

SIALOSCHESIS,  from  aiaXov,  'saliva,'  and 
(r;:^;£cr£?,  'retention.'  Retention  or  suppression  of 
the  saliva. 

SIALOSYRINGES,  Salivary  fistula. 

SIALOZEMIA,  Salivation  —  s.  Mercurialis, 
Salivation,  mercurial. 

SIAMESE  TWINS,  see  Twins,  Siamese. 

SIBARE,  Phrenitis. 

SIBBENS,  Sivvens,  Framlioe'sia  Sco'tica.  An 
infectious  disease  in  the  mountainous  parts  of 
Scotland,  viewed  to  be  of  the  venereal  kind. 
Siicin,  in  the  Keltic,  means  raspberry;  and  it  is 
said  that,  in  this  affection,  fungi  appear  like  rasp- 
berries. From  siivin,  the  inhabitants  have  made 
sievin,  sihhen,  sihhens,  and  sivvens.  By  some, 
this  affection  is  regarded  as  a  complication  of  the 
venereal  and  itch.  In  the  Orkneys,  sihbens  means 
itch.  —  Jaraieson. 

SIB'ILANT,  Sih'ilus,  Sib' Hans,  from  sibilo,  'I 
hiss,  I  whistle.'  Making  a  hissing  or  whistling 
sound.     See  Pale  sibilant. 

SIBILISMUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

SIBILUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

SICCAN'TIA,  from  siccare,  'to  dry.'  ^erari'- 
tica,  (F.)  Siccati/s.  Drying  medicines.  See 
Desiccativa. 

SICCA  TIPS.  Siccantia. 

SICCATIO,  Drying. 

SICCHA'SIA,  aiK'^acna,  'disgust.'  A  distress- 
ing disgitst  for  food;  such  as  is  experienced  by 
women  with  child. 


SICILICUM 


839 


SILENE   CRASSIFOLIA 


SICIL'ICUM.  A  Roman  weight  of  about  two  | 
drachms. 

SICK,  Sax.  reOC,  uEger,  ^gro'tus,  Nos'eros,  i 
NoHo'des,  Jaeens,  Lahorio'sus,  Laho'rans,  (F.)  1 
3[al<.ule.  Labouring  under  disease;  Diseas'ed, 
Distent' i)ered,  III,  Ailing,  Disor'dered.  Such  is 
'ts  acceptation  in  old  English,  and  generally  in 
the  United  States.  In  most  parts  of  the  United 
States,  if  a  patient  is  affected  with  a  slight  indis- 
position, he  is  said  to  be  sick;  if  with  one  more 
severe,  he  is  said  to  be  ill;  (Prov.)  had,  hadh/. 
In  England,  it  most  commonly  means, — affected 
with  disorder  of  the  stomach,  or  nausea. 

A  sick  person,  JSger,  uEgro'tus,  (F.)  llalade, 
who  is  under  the  charge  of  a  physician  is  said  to 
be  a,  2mtie»t,  or  the  patient  of  the  physician.  At 
times,  but  rarely,  patient  is  used  for  a  sick  per- 
son in  the  abstract. 

Sick  Stomach,  Milk  sickness. 

SICKLY,  Ilorho'sus,  Valetudina'rins,  Adyn'- 
atos,  Nosac'eros,  Noso'des,  Jloi-bose,  3Tor'hnlent, 
Vnhealth'y,  (Sc.)  Hough,  (F.)  Mnladif.  Subject  to 
be  sick,  or  in  feeble  health.     Ailing. 

SICKNESS,  Disease,  Plague  —  s.  Falling, 
Epilepsy  —  s.  Mountain,  Puna — s.  River,  Milk 
sickness  — s.  Sea,  Nausea  marina  —  s.  of  the  Sto- 
mach, Vomiting  —  s.  Swamp,  Milk  sickness. 

SICLIUM,  Sicilicum. 

SICUA,  Cupping-glass. 

SICULA,  Beta,  Penis. 

SICYEDON,  Cauledon. 

SIDA  ABUTILON,  Abutilon  Avicennae. 

SIDE,  PAIN  IN  THE,  Pleurodynia. 

SIDERA'TIO,  Sydera'tio,  Sidera'tion,  from 
eidus,  sideris,  'a  star;'  because  the  condition  was 
thought  to  be  produced  by  the  influence  of  the 
stars.  The  state  of  one  struck  suddenly,  without 
apparent  cause,  and  as  if  by  the  influence  of  the 
stars  or  planets  —  Planet-struck.  The  ancients 
comprised  under  this  name,  different  morbid 
conditions,  such  as  paralysis,  apoplexy,  and  gan- 
grene. 

SiDERATio,  Apoplexy,  Asphyxia,  Phrenitis  — 
s.  Ossis,  Spina  ventosa. 

SIDERATION,  Astrobolismos,  Sideratio. 

SIDEBION,  Ferramentum. 

SIDERITES,  Magnet. 

SIDERITIS.  Magnet,  Teucrium  chamajpitys. 

SIDEROKRENiE,    Water,    mineral,     (chaly- 

SIDEROPEG^,  Water,  mineral  (chalybeate). 

SIDEROS,  Ferrum. 

SIDEROXYLON,  Chrysophyllum  cainito. 

SIDE-SADDLE-PLANT,  Sarracenia. 

SIDHEE,  see  Gunjah. 

SIDMOUTH  (CLIMATE  OF).  Sidmouth  is 
in  Devonshire,  England,  on  the  sea-beach,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Sid.  It  is  much  frequented  by 
invalids,  both  during  the  summer  and  winter. 
The  climate  is,  however,  damp,  and  subject  to 
sea-fogs. 

SIEGE,  Anus. 

SIELISMOS,  Salivation. 

SIELON,  Saliva. 

SIEVE,  see  Cribration  —  s.  Drum,  see  Cribra- 
tion. 

SIFFLEMENT  {¥.),  from  siffler,  'to  whistle.' 
Whistling. 

SIFFLE.VENT  MOD  ULE,  Chant  des  artlres, 
Bruit  musical,  'modulated  whistling,  or  music  of 
the  arteries.'  A  kind  of  sound  heard  on  auscul- 
tation, resembling,  at  times,  the  humming  of  cer- 
tain insects.  Various  musical  sounds,  {¥.)  Bruits 
musicaux,  are  described  from  fancied  resem- 
blances : — as  Bruit  de 2}iaulement,resemh\mg  the 
clucking  of  the  hen; — Bruit  de  jappement,  re- 
sembling the  barking  or  yelping  of  a  young 
dog,  &c. 


The  sound  is  chiefly  met  with  in  those  labour- 
ing under  chlorosis. 

SIGAULTIAN  SECTION,  Symphyseotomy. 
SIGE,  Taciturnity. 
SIGH,  Suspirium. 

SIGHT,  Vision  — s.  Askew,  Dysopia  lateralis 
—  s.  False,  Metamorphopsia,  Pseudoblepsia  —  s. 
Feebleness  of,  Amblyopia. 

SIGILLUM  SALAMONIS,  Convallaria  poly- 
gonatum — s.  Virginitatis,  Hymen. 
SIGMATOID,  Sigmoid. 

SIGMOID,  Sigmoid'al,  Sig'matoid,  SigmoVdes, 
Sigmo'des,  Sigmoi'deus ;  from  sigma  and  £i(5of, 
'  resemblance.'  That  which  has  the  form  of  the 
Greek  S  or  C. 

Sigmoid  Cartilages,  Semilunar  cartilages. 
Sigmoid  Catities  orFoss^  of  the  Ulna,  (F.) 
Cavites  ou  Fosses  signio'ides,  are  two  notches  at 
the  upper  part  of  that  bone,  —  one  for  the  recep- 
tion of  the  humerus;  the  other  for  that  of  the 
radius. 

Sigmoid   Flexure    of    the    Colon,    Flexu'ra 

sigmo'i'dea  seu  ili'aca,  is  a  turn  the   colon  takes 

immediately  before  its  termination  in  the  rectum. 

Sigmoid  Fossa  (of  the  temporal  bone),  Fossa 

sigmoidea. 

Sigmoid  or  Semilunar  Valves,  Yalvida  Sig- 
mo'idea,  Proces'sus  Sigmoi'de.s,  (F.)  Valvules  sig- 
mo'ides  ou  semilunaires,  are  three  valvular  folds, 
at  the  commencement  of  the  pulmonary  artery 
and  aorta.  These  valves  have  the  form  of  a 
crescent,  when  applied  against  the  parietes  of 
the  vessel.  When  the  blood  is  sent  from  the 
ventricles  by  their  contraction,  the  valves  are 
applied  against  the  sides  of  the  vessel;  but, 
during  the  diastole  of  the  ventricle,  they  are  de- 
pressed, and  prevent  the  blood  from  returning  to 
the  heart.  At  the  middle  of  the  convexity  of 
each  valve  is  a  small,  hard,  triangular  granulum, 
called  Corpus' culum  seu  Gloh'ulus  Aran'tii,  which 
completely  closes  up  the  passage.  It  is,  also, 
called  Corptisculum  Morgagn'ii  and  C.  Sesamo'i- 
deum,  (F.)  Globule  d'Arantius. 

SIGN,  Signnm,  Semi'on,  (F.)  Signs.  Any 
present  or  past  circumstance,  afforded  by  the  ex- 
amination of  a  patient,  or  of  matters  concerning 
him,  whence  a  conclusion  may  be  drawn  regard- 
ing the  nature  and  seat  of  his  disease.  The  phe- 
nomena which  precede  the  disease  are  called  an- 
amnes'tic  or  commem'orafive  signs  ; — those  which 
accompany  it  are  termed  diagnos'tic,  if  they 
reveal  the  nature  or  seat  of  the  disease, — prog- 
nos'tic,  when  they  indicate  its  probable  duration 
and  termination.    See  Symptom. 

SIGNA  ASSIDENTIA,  see  Assidens. 
SIG'NATURE,  Signafu'ra,  Signa'tio,  from 
signnni,  '  a  sign  ;'  Episphagism' os.  This  term 
was  applied  in  the  Eastern  countries,  in  the 
middle  ages,  to  mystic  characters  of  good  or  bad 
augury,  with  which  it  was  pretended  that  every 
one  was  marked  by  the  star  under  which  he  was 
born. 

Signatures  of  Plants  meant  certain  peculia- 
rities in  their  external  formation  or  colour,  which 
indicated  that  they  were  adapted  for  particular 
diseases: — as  in  the  case  of  the  Lungwort,  Liver- 
wort, &c. 

SIGNES  AVANT-COUREURS,  Precursory 
signs — s.  Precurseurs,  Precursory  signs. 

SIGNUM,  see  Parturition  —  s.  Characteristi- 
cum,  see  Pathognomonic — s.  Conjunctum,  see 
Pathognomonic — s.  Diacritieum,  see  Diacritica 
signa  —  s.  Morbi  essentiale,  see  Pathognomonic. 

SILACH,  Silac.  An  Arabic  word,  used  to 
designate  thickening  of  the  eyelids,  Crnssit''ies 
Palpebra'rum  ;  and,  also,  Alopecia.  —  Forestus, 
Stephanus. 

SILENCE,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 
SILENE  CRASSIFOLIA,  Cucubalus  behen— 


SILER  LANCIFOLIUM 


840 


SINGULTOUS 


s,  Inflata,  Cucubalus  behen  — s.  Thorei,  Cucuba- 
lus  behen. 

Sile'nk  Virgin'ica,  Ground  PinJe,  Wild  Pinh, 
Catch  Fly.  Ord.  Caryophyllacece.  The  root 
has  been  employed  in  decoction,  as  an  efficacious 
anthelmintic. 

SiLKNE  Pennsylvan'ica  probably  has  the  same 
properties. 

SILER    LANCIFOLIUM,    Laserpitium    siler 

—  s.  Montanum,  Laserpitium  siler. 
SIL'IQUA,   Gera'tion ;    the   carat.     A  weight 

of  about  four  grains.     A  pod. 

SiLiQDA  Arabica,  Tamarindus  —  s.  Araci  aro- 
Tnatici,  see  Vanilla  —  s.  Banillse,  see  Vanilla — s. 
Dulcis,  Ceratonium  siliqua — s.  Vaniglise,  see  Va- 
nilla—  s.  Vanillias,  see  Vanilla. 

SILIQUASTRUM  PLINII,Capsicum  annuum. 

SILK,  Sericum. 

SILK  GRASS,  Yucca  filamentosa  — s.  Weed, 
Asclepias  SulUvantii,  Asclepias  tuberosa — s.  AVeed, 
common,  Asclepias  Syriaca  —  s.  Weed,  flesh-co- 
loured, Asclepias  inearnata  —  s.  Weed,  swamp, 
Asclepias  inearnata  —  s.  Worm,  see  Sericum. 

SILLON,  Sulcus  —  s.  Horizontal  de  la  veine 
ombilicale,  see  Liver  —  s.  Transversale,  see  Liver 

—  s.  de  la  Veine  cave  inferieur,  see  Liver  —  s.  de 
la  Veine  parte,  see  Liver. 

STLLONNEMENT,  Segmentation. 
SILO,  Camus. 
SILPHIUM,  Laserpitium. 
Silph'ium  Laciniatum,  Rosin  weed,   Compass 
plant,  Polar  plant. 

SiLPHiUM  Perpolia'tum,  Cup  Plant,  Turpen- 
tine Sun  Flower,  and 

SiLPHiDM  Terebinthina'ceum,  Pra'irie  Bur- 
dock;  Nat.  Order,  Composite ;  indigenous  in 
Ohio  and  Michigan,  and  flowering  from  July  to 
September ;  yield  a  fragrant  gum  which  is  es- 
teemed stimulant  and  antispasmodic. 

SILURUS  GLANIS,  see  Ichthyocolla. 

SILUS,  Camus. 

SILVER,  Argentum — s.  Ammonio-ehloride  of, 
see  Argentum  —  s.  Chloride  of,  see  Argentum  — 
s.  Chloruret  of,  see  Argentum — s.  Cyanide  of,  see 
Argentum —- s.  Cyanuret  of,  see  Argentum  —  s. 
Iodide  of,  see  Argentum  —  s.  loduret  of,  see  Ar- 
gentum. 

Silver  Leaf,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 

Silver,  Muriate  of,  see  Argentum — s.  Nitrate 
of,  Argenti  nitras  —  s.  O.xide  of,  see  Argentum. 

Silver  and  Ammonia,  Chloride  of,  see  Ar- 
gentum—  s.  and  Ammonia,  chloruret  of,  see  Ar- 
gentum—s.  and  Soda,  Hyposulphite  of,  Sodse  et 
argenti  hyposulphis. 

SILYBUM,  Carduus  marianus — s.  Maculatum, 
Carduus  marianus — s.  Marianum,  Carduus  ma- 
rianus. 

SIMA'BA  CEDRON.  JVa*.  i^ctm.  SimarubacesB. 
A  South  American  tree,  the  seeds  of  which  — 
cedron  seeds  —  have  been  used  as  an  antidote  for 
snake-bites.  They  have,  also,  been  proposed  in 
mental  diseases  and  in  epilepsy.  The  scrapings 
of  the  wood  have  been  used  as  a  substitute  for 
sulphate  of  quinia. 

Simaba  Quassioides,  Nima  quassioides. 

SIMAROUBA,  Quassia  simarouba — s.  Bitter, 
Quassia  simarouba— s.  Faux,  Malpighia  mourella. 

SIMARUBA,  Quassia  simarouba. 

SiMARUBA  Ot'FiciMALTS,  Quassia  simarouba. 

SIMILATIO,  Assimilation. 

SIMITIUM,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

SIMO.  Camus. 

SIMONEA  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarus  folli- 
culorum. 

SIMOTRACHELUS.  Bysauchen. 

SIMPLER'S  JOY,  Verbena  hastata. 

SIMPLES.  Medicinal  herbs.  One  skilled  in 
simples  is  called  a  Simplist,  a  Bhizot'omist. 


SIMPLIST,  see  Simples. 
SIMULATED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 
SIMULATI  MORBI,  Feigned  diseases. 
SIMUS,  Camus. 

SINA  LEVANTICA,  Artemisia  santonica. 
SINAPELiE'ON,  from  aivant,  'mustard,' and 
tXatov,  'oil.'     Oil  impregnated  with  mustard. 
SINAPI,  Sinapis. 

SINA'PIS,  iS".  nigra  seu-  cer'nua  seu  Olive- 
ria'na,  Bras'sica  nigra,  Ifapris,  Fru'ca,  Sina'pe, 
Sina'pii,  Sine'pi,  Na'pium,  Nap>}/,  Common  Black 
Mustard,  (F.)  Jfodtarde  noire  oil  grise,  Seneve, 
Sauve.  Ord.  Cruciferge.  Sex.  Si/st.  Tetradyna- 
mia  Siliquosa.  The  seeds  are  inodorous,  when 
entire  ;  but,  when  bruised,  the  colour  is  very  pun- 
gent; taste  bitterish  and  acrid.  They  yield  their 
virtues  to  water,  and  afford  a  bland  oil  by  expres- 
sion. The  seeds  are  stimulant,  diuretic,  emetic, 
and  rubefacient.  They  are  sometimes  recom- 
mended to  be  swallowed  whole,  in  dyspepsia,  tor- 
por of  the  bowels,  &c.  Externally,  they  are  ap- 
plied in  the  form  of  cataplasm.     See  Sinapism. 

SiNAPis  Alba,  S.  folio' sa,  Bonannia  officina'lis, 
Napns  Leuco-sinct'pis,  White  Mustard,  is  also  used 
medicinally.  It  is  somewhat  less  pungent  than 
the  black.  The  distilled  oil — Oleum  Sinapis — is 
a  powerful  stimulant  and  rubefacient.  In  the 
pharmacopoeias  of  tho  United  States  and  London, 
Sina2ns  is  the  seeds  of  Sinapis  nigra  and  Sinapis 
alba. 

Whitehead's  Essence  of  3Iustard  consists  of  oil 
of  tiirpentine,  cajiiphor,  a.nd  a  portion  o{  spirit  of 
Rosemary :  to  which  is  added  a  small  quantity 
of  flour  of  mustard.  It  is  a  celebrated  embroca- 
tion for  rheumatism,  &c. 

Whitehead's  Essence  of  Mustard  Pills  consist 
of  yellow  resin  and  halsam  of  tolu  enough  to 
make  into  pills. 

31ustard  Whey  is  made  by  taking  bruised  mus- 
tard seeds  ^ss,  and  milk  Oj.  Boil  together  until 
the  milk  is  curdled,  and  strain. 
This  whey  is  used  in  dropsy. 
Sinapis  Arven'sis,  S.  Timoria'na,  Charlock, 
Wild  Mustard,  Oarlock,  Ghadlock,  Runsh,  (Sc.) 
Runches,  Scaldricks,  Skelloch,  Skellie.  The  seeds 
are  sometimes  substituted  for  black  mustard. 

Sinapis  Cer'nua,  Sinapis  —  s.  Eruca,  Brassica 
eruca — s.  Foliosa,  S.  alba — -s.  Nigra,  see  Sinapis 
alba  —  s.  Oliveriana,  Sinapis  —  s.  Tamoriana,  S. 
arvensis  —  s.  Tuberosa,  Brassica  rapa. 
SINAPISIS,  Bole  Armenian. 
SIN'APISM,  Sinapis'mus,  from  sinapis,  'mus- 
tard.' A  cataplasm,  of  which  mustard  forms  the 
basis,  which  is  used  for  exciting  redness,  and 
acting  as  a  counter-irritant.  It  is  prepared  by 
mixing  flour  of  mustard  and  vinegar  together  to 
the  due  consistence.     See  Cataplasma  sinapis. 

SIN'CIPUT,  Sincip'ital  Region,  Syn'cipnt, 
BemicephalcB'um.  The  French  use  it  synony- 
mously with  vertex,  Mesocra'niwn,  31esocra'nnm. 
By  some,  it  is  applied  to  the  frontal  region  or  fore- 
part, or  forehalf  of  the  cranium,  Hemieephal'ium, 
Hemiceph' alum.  The  parietal  bones  have  been 
called  sincipital  hones,  Ossa  sincip'itis,  (F.)  Os 
du  sinciput. 

SINDON,   atv&wv,   very  fine   linen.     A  small 
piece  of  rag,  or  round  pledget,  supported  by  a 
thread  at   the  middle,  and   introduced  into  the 
opening  in  the  cranium  made  by  the  trephine. 
SINE  PI,  Sinapis. 
SINEW,  Tendon. 

SINGLETON'S  GOLDEN  OINTMENT  is 
formed  of  sulphuret  of  arsenic  (realgar,)  and  lard 
or  spermaceti  ointment. 

SINGULT'OUS,  Lygmo'des,  Lygo'des,  Lyngo'- 
des,  Lynggo'des,  (F.)  Singulteux,  from  singultus, 
'  hiccough.'  Relating  to  or  affected  with  hic- 
cough. 


SINGULTUS 


841 


SINUS 


SINGUL'TUS,  Lynx,  Lygmus,  Spasmohjri'miis, 
Clonus  seu  Pneusis  singul'tus.  Hiccough,  Hiccup, 
(Prov.)  Heuks,  Yoke,  (So.)  Eskin,  Eeskin,  (F.) 
Hoquet.  A  noise  made  by  the  sudden  and  in- 
voluntary contraction  of  the  diaphragm,  and  the 
simultaneous  contraction  of  the  glottis,  which 
arrests  the  air  in  the  trachea.  It  is  a  symptom 
of  many  morbid  conditions,  and  especially  of 
gangrene,  but  occurs,  frequently,  in  persons 
otherwise  in  good  health. 

SIN'ISTRAD,  from  sinister,  'to  the  left  hand.' 
A  term  used  by  Dr.  Barclay,  adverbially,  to  sig- 
nify '  towards  the  sinistral  aspect.'     See  Mesial. 

SINISTRAL  ASPECT,  see  Mesial. 

SINKING,  FATAL,  Shock,  nervous. 

STNUEUX,  Sinuous. 

SINUOSITAS,  Sinus. 

SIN'UQUS,  Sinuo'sus,  (F.)  <S'//!Mfi":r,  from  sinus, 
'a  bay  or  curve.'  An  epithet  given  to  certain 
ulcers,  and  especially  to  certain  fistula3,  which 
are  tortuous. 

SINUS,  Sinuo'sifas,  Oolpos,  Ahscon'sio,  Eury- 
cho'ria,  Reces'sun,  (F.)  Golfe,  'a  cavity.'  Any 
cavity,  the  interior  of  which  is  more  expanded 
ttian  the  entrance.  In  this  sense,  anatomists 
have  applied  the  term  to  cavities  in  certain  bones 
of  the  head  and  face.  It  has  been,  also,  applied 
to  certain  venous  canals,  into  which  a  number 
of  vessels  empty  themselves;  such  as  the  sinuses 
of  the  dura  mater  and  of  the  spine;  the  sinus  of 
the  vena  porta;  uterine  sinuses,  &c. ; — and  to  the 
bosom. 

In  surgery,  it  means  a  long,  narrow,  hollow 
track,  leading  from  some  abscess,  diseased  bone, 
&c.,  (F.)  Clapier. 

Sinuses  of  bones  form  part  of  the  nasal  cavi- 
ties. They  are  the  frontal,  sphenoidal,  maxil- 
lary, <fcc.  The  name  has  also  been  given,  occa- 
sionally, to  the  ethmoid  and  mastoid  cells. 

Sinus  Acusticus,  Auditory  canal,  internal  — 
s.  Ampullaceus,  Cavitas  elliptica  —  s.  Aortici,  Si- 
nuses of  Valsalva — s.  Arteriosus,  S.  pulmonalis — 
s.  Basilar,  Sinus  transversus — s.  Caverneux,  Caver- 
nous sinus — s.  Cavernosi  uteri.  Sinus  uterini — s. 
Cavernosus,  Cavernous  sinus  —  s.  Cerebri,  Ven- 
tricles of  the  brain — s.  Ohoroidien,  S.  quartus  — 
s.  Circular,  of  Ridley,  Sinus  coronarius  —  s.  Cir- 
cularis,  S.  coronarius  —  s.  Communis,  see  Semi- 
circular canals —  s.  Coronaire  du  cveur,  see  Car- 
diac veins. 

SlNOS  Corona'bius,  S.-  circida'ris  seu  circit- 
la'ris  Rid'leyi,  Circidar  sinus  of  Ridley, Cor' onctry 
sinus.  A  venous  canal,  which  surrounds,  in  a 
more  or  less  regular  manner,  the  pituitary  fossa 
and  gland,  emptying  itself  into  the  corresponding 
cavernous  sinus  by  each  of  its  extremities. 

Sinus,  Coronary,  Sinus  coronarius  —  s.  Coro- 
nary of  the  heart.  Sinus  coronary,  venous. 

Sinus  Coronary,  Venous,  Coronary  sinus  of 
the  heart.  A  name  given,  on  account  of  its  great 
size,  to  that  portion  of  the  great  coronary  vein 
which  embraces  the  left  auriculo-ventricular  fur- 
row. 

Sinus  CoXjE,  see  Cotyloid — s.  Droit,  S.^uarins. 

Sinus  Dexter  Cordis,  S.  vena'rnm  eava'rum 
sou  veno'sus,  Saccus  vena'rum  eava'rum.  The 
right  auricle  of  the  heart: — A'trium  cordis  dex- 
trum.     See  Auricula. 

Sinuses  of  the  Dura  Mater,  S.  seu  Fis'tulcB 
seu  Gavit.a'tes  seu  Ventric'uli  seu  Tu'hxdi  seu 
Sanguiduc'tus  seu  Rece2otac'ul.a  Dura  matris,  are 
formed  by  a  separation  of  the  layers  of  the  dura 
mater,  which  acts  as  a  substitute  for  the  outer 
membrane  of  veins.  Bichat  admits  only  four 
great  sinuses,  of  which  all  the  others  seem  to  be 
dependencies;  —  the  two  lateral  sinuses,  the 
straight  sinus,  and  the  longitudinal  sinus.  To 
the  lateral  sinuses  belong,, —  the  petrous  sinuses, 
superior  and  inferior ;  the  transverse  sinus  ;  the 


cavernous  sinuses ;  the  coronary  sinus,  and  the 
occipital  sinuses.  To  the  straight  sinus  belongs 
the  inferior  longitudinal.  The  longitudinal  sinus, 
properly  so  called,  has  no  sinus  under  its  depend- 
ence. 

Sinus  Falciformis  Inferior,  S.  longitudinal., 
inferior — -s.  Falciformis  superior,  S.  longitudinal., 
superior — s.  Fourth,  Toreular  Herophili — s.  Genaa 
pituitarius.  Antrum  of  Highmore — s.  of  the  Jugu- 
lar vein,  see  Jugular  veins  —  s.  Lacrymalis,  La- 
chrymal sac  —  s.  Lactiferus,  see  Lactiferous  ves- 
sels. 

Sinuses  of  the  Larynx,  Ventricles  <5f  the 
larynx. 

Sinuses,  Lat'eral,  Sinits  transver'si,  S.  magni, 
S.  latera'les,  (F.)  Sinus  lateraux.  Each  of  these 
sinuses,  distinguished  into  right  and  left,  begins 
at  the  toreular  Herophili  or  confluence  of  the 
sinuses,  and  terminates  at  the  sinus  of  the  jugular 
vein.  ^ 

SINUS  LATERAUX,  Sinuses,  lateral. 

Sinuses,  Longitu'dinal,  S.  Longitudina'les. 
These  are  two  in  number.  1.  Superior  Longi- 
tudinal Sinus,  S.  faleifor'mis  siq^erior  seu  trian- 
gula'ris.  Sinus  median,  (Ch.)  A  long,  triangular 
canal;  convex  above,  concave  below;  which  oc- 
cupies the  whole  of  the  upper  edge  of  the  falx 
cerebri.  It  is  broad  behind,  and  much  narrower 
before,  where  it  commences  by  a  ctd-de-sac,  at 
the  crista  galli  of  the  ethmoid  bone.  It  passes 
along  the  frontal  or  coronal  crest,  sagittal  suture, 
and  the  vertical  groove  of  the  occipital  bone.  It 
receives  several  veins  from  the  dura  mater;  and 
all  those  that  are  spread  over  the  convex  and 
plain  surfaces  of  the  two  hemispheres  of  the 
brain.  It  discharges  itself  into  the  upper  part 
of  the  toreular  Herophili.  2.  Inferior  Longi- 
tudinal Sinus,  <S'.  faleifor'mis  inferior,  Vena 
falcis  cer'ebri.  This  is  much  narrower  than  the 
last,  and  occupies  the  inferior  edge  of  the  falx 
cerebri,  from  its  anterior  third  to  the  tentorium 
cerebelli,  where  it  terminates,  commonly  by  twff 
branches,  in  the  straight  sinus. 

Sinus  Magni,  Sinuses,  lateral  —  s.  Maxillary, 
Antrum  of  Highmore  —  s.  3Iedian,  Sinus  longi-. 
tudinal  superior  —  s.  Median,  see  Semicircular 
canals  —  s.  Muliebris,  Vagina. 

Sinus,  Occip'ital,  Sinus  occi^^ita'lis.  These 
sinuses  commence  at  the  sides  of  the  foramen 
magnum  ossis  oceipitis,  and  ascend — becoming 
broader  and  nearer  each  other  —  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  falx  cerebelli,  where  they  frequently 
unite.  Each  opens  into  the  inferior  part  of  the 
toreular  Herophili.  They  receive  the  veins  of 
the  falx  cerebelli,  of  the  dura  mater  which  lines 
the  fossae  cerebelli,  and  of  the  posterior  part  of 
the  cerebellum.  Haller  and  Sommering  have 
given  them  the  name  of  posterior  oceijiital  sinuses, 
to  distinguish  them  from  the  transverse  sinus, 
which  they  have  called  anterior  occipital  sinus. 

Sinus  Occipitalis  Anterior,  Sinus  transver- 
sus— s.  Ophthalmic,  see  Cavernous  sinus — s.  Per- 
pendicularis,  S.  quartus  —  s.  Ovatus,  see  Crista 
vestibuli — s.  Pituitarii  frontis.  Frontal  sinuses — s. 
Pocularis,  see  Ejaculatory  ducts — s.  Polymorpbus, 
Cavernous  sinus  —  s.  Portarum,  see  Liver  —  s. 
Prostata,  see  Ejaculatory  Ducts  —  s.  Pudendi, 
Vagina  —  s.  Pudoris,  Vagina,  Vulva  —  s.  Pulmo- 
nales.  Sinuses  of  Valsalva. 

Sinus  Pulmona'lis,  S.  sinis'ter  cordis  seu  ve- 
na'rum 2}ulmona'lium  seu  arterio'sus,  Saccus  ve- 
na'rum pulmona'lium,  A'trium  cordis  sinis'trum. 
The  left  auricle  of  the  heart.  See  Auricula. 
Sinus  op  the  Pulmonary  Veins,  Auricle,  left. 
Sinus  Qua.rtus,  S.  perpendicula'ris.  Straight 
sinus,  (F.)  Sinus  choro'idien  (Ch.),  Sinus  droit.  This 
sinus — triangular  throughout ;  wide  posteriorly; 
narrower  anteriorly  ;  slightly  oblique  downwards 
and  backwards — passes  along  the  base  of  the  falx 


SIPEERI 


842 


SITZBATH 


cerebri,  from  the  termination  of  the  inferior  lon- 
gitudinal sinus  to  the  torcular  Herophili.  It  re- 
ceives the  inferior  longitudinal  sinus,  the  veins 
of  the  lateral  ventricles  or  vencB  Galeni,  the  supe- 
rior cerebellous  veins,  &e. 

Sisus  Plenum,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney — s.  Ehom- 
hoideus,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain — s.  Rotundus, 
see  Crista  vestibuli  —  s.  of  the  Septum  lucidum. 
Ventricle,  fifth— ^s.  Sinister  cordis,  S.  pulmonalis 
— s.  Sphenoidalis,  Cavernous  sinus  —  s.  Straight, 
S.  quartus  —  s.  Superciliares,  Frontal  sinuses — s. 
Terminalis,  Circulus  venosus  —  s.  Transversi, 
Sinuses,  lateral. 

Sinus  Teansver'sus,  S.  oecipita'lis  anie'rior, 
Bas'ilar  sinus.  This  sinus  lies  transversely  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  basilary  process  of  the 
occipital  bone.  It  forms  a  communication  be- 
tween the  two  petrous  sinuses,  and  the  cavernous 
sinus  of  one  side,  and  those  of  the  other.  Its 
breadth  is  commonly  very  great.  It  is  situate 
between  two  layers  of  the  dura  mater,  and  pre- 
sents, internally,  a  kind  of  cavernous  tissue. 

Sinus  Triangularis,  S.  longitudinal,  superior 
—  s.  Urogenitalis,  Urogenital  sinus. 

Sinus,  Uteri'ni,  S.  cavemo'si  U'teri,  U'terine 
sinuses.  A  name  given  to  cavities,  formed  by 
the  uterine  veins  in  the  substance  of  the  uterine 
parietes.    They  are  very  large  during  pregnancy. 

Sinus  Utriculosus,  see  Semicircular  canals — 
s.  des  Vaisseaux  seminiferes,  Corpus  Highmori. 

Sinuses  of  Valsal'va  are  three  depressions 
in  the  aorta — Sinns  aor'tici, — and  pulmonary  ar- 
tery—  Sinus  puhnona'les  —  immediatelj'  opposite 
the  semilunar  valves.  Their  use  is  to  leave  the 
edges  of  the  valves  free,  so  that  they  can  be 
caught  by  the  refluent  blood.  Where  the  aorta 
is  about  to  send  off  the  first  of  its  large  branches, 
n.t  the  top  of  the  thorax,  it  is  of  great  size,  and 
Las  been  called  the  Large  sinus  of  Valsalva. 

Sinus  op  the  Vena  Cava,  Auricle,  right  —  s. 
Venarum  cavarum,  S.  dexter  cordis — s.  Venarum 
pulmonalium,  S.  pulmonalis — s.  Venosus,  S.  dex- 
ter cordis. 

Si'nuSES,  Ver'tebrAL,  (F.)  Simis  vertehraux. 
Two  great  venous  sinuses,  different  from  those  of 
the  dura  mater,  which  extend  the  whole  length 
of  the  vertebral  canal,  from  the  occipital  foramen 
to  the  end  of  the  sacrum,  behind  the  bodies  of  the 
vertebrse,  before  the  dura  mater,  and  at  the  sides 
of  the  posterior  vertebral  ligament.  At  their  in- 
ner side  they  communicate  with  each  other  by 
means  of  branches,  which  form  true  transverse 
sinuses.  They  are  situate  at  the  middle  of  the 
body  of  each  vertebra,  passing  under  the  posterior 
vertebral  ligament.  They  receive,  at  their  mid- 
dle part,  the  veins  that  arise  in  the  spongy  tissue 
of  the  vertebrae.  By  their  external  side,  the  ver- 
tebral sinuses  communicate  with  the  posterior 
branches  of  the  vertebral,  intercostal,  and  lum- 
bar veins.  At  their  posterior  side  they  receive 
the  veins,  which  creep  on  the  prolongation  of  the 
dura  mater  that  envelops  the  marrow. 

Sinus  Vulv.e,  Rima  vulvas. 

SIPEERI,  Bebeeru. 

SIPEERINE,  see  Bebeeru. 

SIPHAR,  Peritoneum. 

SIPHILIS,  Syphilis. 

SIPHITA,  Somnambulism — s.  Prava,  Chorea. 

SIPHO,  Siphon  —  s.  Urinae,  Diabetes. 

SIPHON,  Sipho,  ai^av,  '  a  tube.'  A  bent  tube, 
whose  limbs  are  of  unequal  length,  employed  in 
pharmacy  for  transferring  liquids  from  one  vessel 
to  another.  With  this  view,  the  shorter  limb  is 
plunged  into  the  liquid ;  and  air  is  sucked  from 
the  extremity  of  the  lower  limb.  The  pressure 
of  the  atmosphere  forces  the  fluid  through  the 
tube;  and  the  flow  will  continue  as  long  as  the 
extremity  of  the  longer  limb  is  below  the  level 


of  the  fluid  in  which  the   shorter  limb  is  im- 
mersed. 

An  exhausting  syringe  is,  at  times,  attached  to 
the  longer  extremity  of  the  siphon,  by  means  of 
which  the  air  can  be  drawn  from  it. 

Siphon,  Plunging.  An  instrument,  used  in 
pharmacy  for  obtaining  a  specimen, — at  times,  a 
measured  specimen,  —  of  any  liquid.  With  this 
view,  the  instrument  is  immersed  into  liquid,  and 
allowed  to  remain  there  until  full.  The  opening 
at  the  top  is  then  closed  with  the  thumb;  and 
the  contents,  thus  removed,  are  allowed  to  flow 
out  by  removing  the  thumb  and  permitting  the 
entrance  of  air.     It  is  a  form  of  fbe  pipette. 

SIPHONIA  CAHUCHU,  see  Caoutchouc  — s. 
Elastica,  see  Caoutchouc. 

SIPHUNCELUS,  Syringe. 

SIRA,  Orpiment. 

SIRENS,  Symmeles. 

SIRIASIS,  Coup  de  Soleil,  Insolation,  Phre- 
nitis —  s.  .SUsrptiaca,  Coup  de  Soleil. 

SIRIUM  MYRTIFOLIUM,  Santalum  album, 

SIRIUS,  Canicula. 

STROP,  Syrup — s.  de  Copillaire,  see  Adiantum 
capillus  veneris  —  s.  de  Coralline,  see  Corallina 
Corsicana— s.  Simple,  Mel  despumatum. 

SIRUP,  Syrup. 

SISON  AMMI,  uStliu'sa  ammi,  Cnid'ium  tenui- 
fo'lium,  Pinijiinella  laterifo'lia,  Ses'eli  fceniculi- 
fo'lium.  Ord.  UmbelliferEe.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  The  plant  that  affords  the 
Ammi  verum  of  the  shops;  (F.)  Ammi  des  Bou- 
tiques. The  seeds  —  Semen  Am'mios  cretici  seu 
veri  —  were  once  used  as  a  carminative. 

SisoN  Amo'muii,  (F.)  Amome  faux,  is  consi- 
dered to  be  excitant  and  diuretic.  It  is  Vae  field 
honeiBort. 

SisoN  Anisum,  Pimpinella  anisum  —  s.  Poda- 
graria,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

SISTENS,  Epischeticus. 

SISYMBRIUM  ALLIARIA,  Alliaria— s.  Bar- 
barea.  Erysimum  barbarea — s.  Erucastrum,  Bras- 
siea  eruca — s.  Menthastrum,  Mentha  aquatica. 

Sisym'brium  Nastur'tium,  Ifasturtium  aquat'- 
icum  seu  officina'le,  Laver  odora'tum,  Cralevee'- 
sium,  Cressi,  Cardami'ne  fonta'na  seu  nastur'tium, 
Water  Cress,  (F.)  Cresson  de  fontaine.  Ord. 
Cruciferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliquosa. 
Water-cresses  are  commonly  used  in  salad.  They 
have  obtained  a  place  in  the  materia  mediea  for 
their  antiscorbutic  qualities. 

Sisymbrium  Officinale,  Erysimum  —  s.  Par- 
viflorum,  S.  sophia. 

Sisymbrium  So'phia,  S.  parvifo'rum,  Herb 
Sophia,  So2}hia  Chirurgo'rum,  FUx  or  Flux  weed, 
(F. )  Sagesse  des  Chirurgiens.  It  was  once  re- 
puted to  be  anthelmintic,  and  valuable  in  hyste- 
rical affections.     It  is  not  used. 

Other  species  oi  Nasturtium,  as  N.  Palus'tre, 
Marsh  water-cress ;  and  N.  Amphib'ium,  Water- 
radish,  possess  similar  virtues  with  Nasturtium 
oflBcinale. 

SISYRIN'CHIUM  BBRMUDIA'NUM,  Blve- 
eyed  Lily.  Physic  or  Scurvy  grass;  indigenous  ; 
Order,  Iridacete  ;  flowering  from  June  to  August. 
Used  as  a  cathartic  by  the  Thompsonians.  A 
decoction  of  the  root  is  acrid  and  cathartic. 

SITICULOSUS,  Dipsodes,  see  Alterative. 

STTIENS,  Dipsodes. 

SITIS,  Thirst  —  s.  Intensa,  Polydipsia  —  s. 
Morbosa,  Polvdipsia. 

SITKA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  See  Arch- 
ana:el.  New,  mineral  waters  of. 

SITOS.  Aliment. 

SITUS  ALIENUS,  Ectopia— s.  Anomalus  seu 
perversus  intestinorum,  Splanchnectopia — s.  Mu- 
tatus.  Ectopia,  see  Monster  —  s.  Perversus,  Ec- 
topia. 

SITZBATH,  see  Bath,  half. 


SIUM 


843 


SMALLAGE 


SIUM,  S.  nodiflo'rum  seu  angustifv'lium  seu 
Bev'ula  sou  erec'tum  seu  inci'snm,  A'piiim  sium, 
Helioacia'dium  nodiflo'rum,  Ber'ida  atigiistifo'lia, 
Ber'ida,  Creeping  Water-parsnep,  (F.)  Berle  no- 
diflore.  Ord.  Umbelliferas.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentan- 
dria  Digj'nia.  It  is  stimulant,  and  supposed  to 
be  diuretic  and  lithontriptic.  It  is,  sometimes, 
employed  in  cutaneous  eruptions. 

SiUJi  AsGUSTiFOLiDM,  S.  nodiflorum — s.  Apium, 
Apium  graveolens  —  s.  Berula,  S.  nodiflorum — s. 
Bulboeastanum,  Bunium  bulbocastanum — s.  Car- 
v\,  Carum — s.  Erectum,  S.  nodiflorum — s.  Graveo- 
lens, Apium  graveolens — s.Incisum,  S.  nodiflorum. 

Sium  Latifo'lium  is  the  common  \Vater-2Hir- 
snep  of  the  United  States.  It  is  said  to  be  poi- 
sonous. 

Siuii  Luna're.  The  root  is  eaten  by  the  Che- 
pewyans.  It  has  an  agreeable  nutty  flavour.  By 
the  Canadians,  it  is  called  Queue  de  Rat.  The 
poisonous  roots  of  Cicuta  virosa,  C.  maculata,  and 
C.  bulbifera,  are  often  mistaken  for  it.  —  Sir  J. 
Richardson. 

Sium  Ninsi.  The  plant  whose  root  is  called 
Radix  Ninsi,  Ninzin,  Nindsin.  This  root  was 
long  supposed  to  be  the  same  as  ginseng,  and  it 
possesses  similar,  though  weaker  properties.  See 
Panax  schinseng. 

SiDM  NoDiFLORDii,  Sium — s.  Silaus,  Peuceda- 
num  siiaus. 

Sium  Sis'arum,  Skirret,  (F.)  Ckervi,  Girole,  is 
used  as  a  salad  in  Europe  ;  and  has  been  thought 
a  useful  diet  in  chest  affections. 

Sium  Vulgare,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

SIVVEN,  Rubus  id^us. 

SIVVENS,  Sibbens. 

SKAW,  Scall. 

SKEELY,  Strabismus. 

SKELETIA,  Emaciation. 

SKELETOL'OGY,  SceletoUg"ia,  (F.)  Sqiielet- 
tologie,  from  skeleton,  and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  the  solid  parts  of  the  body.  This 
part  of  anatomy  comprehends  Osteology  and 
Syndeamology. 

SKEL'ETON,  Scel'etum,  Sceleton,  Cadav'er  ex- 
si  cea' turn;  (Old  Eng.  and  Pro  v.)  At'omy,  Anat'- 
omy,  (Sc.)  Spaig,  (F.)  Squelette,  Charpente  osse- 
nse :  {(jKcXtTos,  '  dried  up,'  from  aKtWo),  '  I  dry.')  A 
dried  body.  The  aggregate  of  the  hard  parts 
of  the  body,  or  the  bones.  A  skeleton  is  found 
in  almost  all  animals,  although  it  may  not  always 
be  formed  in  the  same  manner.  In  some,  as  in 
the  Crustacea  and  testaeea,  it  is  wholly  or  partly 
external,  Exo-skeleton,  Dermo-skeletoii.  In  others, 
as  in  birds,  the  mammalia,  &c.,  it  is  internal, 
Endo-skeleton,  Neuro-skeleton.  It  serves  as  a 
Bupport  for  other  organs.  On  it  the  general 
Bhape  of  the  body  and  of  its  various  parts  is 
ereatly  dependent.  When  the  bones  are  united 
By  their  natural  ligaments,  the  skeleton  is  said  to 
be  natural,  Scel'etum  natura' le ;  when  articulated 
by  means  of  wires,  artificial  or  articulated,  Scel'- 
etum artificia'le. 

SKELETOPCE'IA,  Sceletopw'a,  Seeleteu'sis, 
from  skeleton,  and  n-oitu),  '1  make.'  The  part  of 
practical  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  preparation 
of  bones,  and  the  construction  of  skeletons. 
Bones  are  prepared  to  exhibit  their  conformation, 
structure,  chymical  composition,  mode  of  develop- 
ment, and  changes;  the  diff'erent  cavities  formed 
by  their  union;  and  to  demonstrate  their  connex- 
ions, relations,  modes  of  union,  <&c. 

SKELLIE,  Sinapis  arvensis.  Strabismus. 

SKELLOGH,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

SKEVISCH,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 

SKEVISH,  FLEABANE,  Erigeron  Philadel- 
phicum. 

SKEW-SIGHT,  Dysopia  lateralis. 

SKIN.  Cutis — s.  Bronzed,  see  Capsule,  renal. 

SKIN-BIND,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 


SKIN-BOUND  DISEASE,  Induration  of  the 
cellular  tissue. 

SKIN,  SCARP,  Epidermis. 

SKIN-TIGHT,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SKIOMACHIA,  Sciomachy. 

SKIRRET,  Sium  sisarum. 

SKIRRHUS,  Scirrhus. 

SKIRSE,  Scirrhus. 

SKITTER,  Diarrhoea. 

SKOKE,  Phytolacca  decandra. 

SKOLEMORA  FERNAMBUCENSIS,  Geof- 
fraja  vermifuga. 

SKOLIOSIS,  Scoliosis. 

SKUE-SIGHT,  Dysopia  lateralis. 

SKULL,  Cranium. 

SKULL-CAP,  Calvaria,  Scutellaria  galericu- 
lata- — s.  Cap,  maddog,  Scutellaria  laterifolia. 

SKUNK-CABBAGE,  Dracontium  foetidum. 

SKUNK-WEED,  Dracontium  foetidum. 

SLAB,  Torticollis. 

SLABBERING,  Slavering. 

SLATE,  IRISH,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

SLATERS,  Onisci  aselli. 

SLATKAIA  TRAVA,  see  Spirit. 

SLAVERING,  Slah'bering,  Sloh'hering,  Driv'- 
elling,  (Old  E.)  Pirtling,  from  saliva.  Ptyalia'- 
mus  iners,  (F.)  Rave.  Involuntary  flow  of  saliva, 
from  sluggishness  of  deglutition,  without  in- 
creased secretion.  It  is  seen  in  the  infant,  the 
aged,  and  the  idiot. 

SLEEP,  Sax.  rlep;  Somnus,  Sompiuis,  Sopor, 
Dormit"io,  Hypnos,  (F.)  Sommeil.  Temporary 
interruption  of  our  relations  with  external  objects. 
A  repose  of  the  organs  of  sense,  intellectual  facul- 
ties, and  voluntary  motion. 

The  act  of  quitting  this  condition  is  called 
awaking,  (F.)  Evigilation,  Reveil.  Sometimes  this 
is  progressive  and  natural;  at  others,  sudden  and 
starting;  (F.)  Reveil  en  snrsaut, — as  in  nightmare, 
affections  of  the  heart,  hypochondriasis,  &c. 

Sleep,  Magnet'ic,  Hypno'sis  hiomagnet'ica,  is 
the  sleep  induced  by  the  so-called  animal  mag- 
netism.    See  Magnetism,  animal. 

Sleep,  Nervous,  see  Magnetism,  animal. 

SLEEPLESSNESS,  Insomnia. 

SLEEP-WALKING,  Somnambulism. 

SLIACS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Sliacs 
is  a  favourite  bathing-place  in  Hungary,  a  fevf 
miles  from  Neusohl.  Some  of  the  waters  are 
cold;  others,  thermal :  the  former  are  carbonated 
chalybeates;  the  latter  are  much  used  in  the 
same  cases  as  thermal  springs  in  general. 

SLIDING  OF  THE  FLAP,  see  Flap. 

SLIEVE-FISH,  Sepia. 

SLING,  (G.)  Schlinge,  Mitel'la,  Mit'rium, 
(F.)  Echorpe.  A  bandage  employed  to  keep  the 
forearm  bent  on  the  arm,  in  cases  of  injury  done 
to  those  parts,  in  fracture  of  the  clavicle,  injury 
of  the  hands,  &c.  A  handkerchief  is  often  sufli- 
cient  for  this  purpose.  It  must  be  folded  dia- 
gonally, and  be  tied,  by  the  extremities,  round 
the  neck.  The  French  surgeons  have  used  many 
varieties  of  Echarpes  or  slings ;  as  the  Grande 
ee}iarpe,Ee}iarpe  moyenne, Petite  ecliarpe,  Echarpe 
de  J.  L.  Petit,  &c. 

SLIPPERS,  Impatiens. 

SLIT  AND  TAIL  BANDAGE,  Invaginated 
bandage. 

SLOBBERING,  Slavering. 

SLOE,  Viburnum  prunifolium. 

SLOE-TREE,  Prunus  spinosa. 

SLOKE,  GREEN,  Ulva  latissima. 

SLOUGH,  Eschar. 

SLOVEN  WOOD,  Artemisia  abrotanum, 

SLOWS,  Milk-sickness. 

SLUG,  Limax  —  s.  Sea,  BicTie  de  Mer, 

SLUMBER,  Somnolency. 

SMALLAGE,  Apium  graveolens. 


SMALL-POX 


844 


SNUFFLES 


SMALL-POX,  Variola— s.  Modified,  Varioloid. 

SMALT,  Prntox'ide  of  Cohalt,  Smaltum,  Safre, 

Znffre,  Aztir,  Blue  Starch.     This  oxyd  has  been 

given  in  i-heumatism,  in  the  dose  of  ten  to  twenty 

grains.     A  larger  quantity  excites  vomij;ing. 

SMARAG'DUS,  trixapaySos,  (P.)  Emeraude. 
The  emerald.  It  was  formerly  regarded  as  a 
tonie. 

SMARTWEED,  Polygonum  hydropiper,  P. 
punctatum. 

SMECTICA,  Detergents. 
SMECTIS,  Cimolia  terra. 
SMECTRIS,  Cimolia  terra. 
SMEGMA,  (Tixrjyiia,  from  ajivx^iv,  'to  wipe,  to 
rub  off.'    Soap,  grease,  a  salve,  a  liniment.    Also, 
the  secretion  from  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the 
skin. 

Smegma  Articulare,  Synovia  —  s.  Cutaneum, 
see  Sebaceous  glands. 

Smegma  PRjEPu'Tir,  Sebum  jjrcBpntia'le.  The 
fatty  secretion  from  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the 
glans  penis. 

SMBGMATORRHCEA,  Stearrhoea. 
SMEGMORRIiCEA,  Stearrhoea. 
SMELL.  SENSE  OF,  Olfaction. 
SMELLING,  Olfaction. 

SMELLOME'S  OINTMENT  FOR  THE 
EYES,  Ceratum  resinse. 

SMILACI'NA  RACEMO'SA,  False  Spike- 
nard; indigenous;  Oid.  Liliaceje;  is  said  to  be 
alterative,  diuretic  and  diaphoretic. 

SMILAX,  aiii)^a^,  Taxus  baccata  —  s.  Aspera 
Chinensis,  Smilax  China  —  s.  Aspera  Peruviana, 
Smilax  sarsaparilla — s.  Canellsefolia,  S.  pseudo- 
China. 

Smilax  China,  ^S".  as'pera  Chinen'm's.  Oi-d. 
Smilacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Diosoia  Ilexandria.  The 
root — China,  Ch.  orienta'lts  sen  pondei-o'sa  seu 
vera,  Sankira,  Gauquava,  China  root,  (P.)  Squine, 
Esqnive,  Racine  de  Chine.  Formerly  much  used 
in  cutaneous  and  venereal  affections. 

Smilax  Glauca;  indigenous;  has  similar  vir- 
tues to  those  of  S.  Sarsaparilla. 

Smilax  HedeRvEfolia,  S.  pseudo-China — s. 
Indica  Spinosa,  Smilax  pseudo-China  —  s.  Offici- 
nalis, Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

Smilax  Pseudo-China,  S.  Tn'dica  sjnno'sa  seu 
canelloifo'lia  seu  hedercefo'lia,  China  occidenta' lis 
seu  sjju'ria  nodo'sa,  American  or  West  India 
China.  In  scrofulous  disorders,  the  root  has 
been  often  preferred  to  the  oriental  kind.  In 
other  cases,  it  possesses  similar  virtues. 

Smilax  Sarsaparil'la,  S.  officina'lis,  Sa7-sa- 
paril'la,  Sartaparil'la,  Smilax  as'pera  Peruvia'- 
na,  Sarza,  Sarsa,  Carivillan'di,  Iva  Pecan'ga, 
Ilacapatli,  Zarsa,  Zarzaparil'la,  (F.)  Salsepa- 
reille.  The  root  of  this  and  other  species  of 
Smilax  is  inodorous  ;  taste  bitterish,  feculaceous, 
and  fibrous;  of  a  dark  colour  externally;  white 
within.  It  is  possessed  of  diuretic  and  demulcent 
properties,  and  has  been  often  employed  in  the 
sequelD3  of  syphilis ;  when,  after  a  mercurial 
course,  nocturnal  pains,  ulcerations,  &c.,  continue. 
It  has,  also,  been  advised  in  scrofula,  chronic 
rheumatism,  &c.;  but  its  efficacy  is,  to  say  the 
least  of  it,  a  matter  of  doubt.  Dose,  ^j  <^o  3J 
of  the  powder. 

It  is  obtained  from  Honduras,  Brazil,  and 
Peru  —  the  varieties  being  called  respectively, 
Hondnras,  (F.)  Salsepareille  de  Honduras  /  Bra- 
zil, (P.)  S.  de  Bresil  ou  de  Portugal,  and  Peru- 
vian Sarsaparilla,  (F.)  S.  de  Peron  ou  caraque. 
Smilax  TamnoIdes  ;  indigenous  ;  has  similar 
properties. 

SBIILE,  ciiiXti.  A  curved,  two-edged  bistoury. 
A.  knife. 

SMILEON,  Scalpel. 
SMIT,  see  Contagion. 


SMITTLE,  see  Contagious. 
SMYRNA,  Myrrha. 
SMYRNISMOS,  Embalming. 
SMYR'NIUM     OLUSA'TRUM,    Smyr'nium, 
from  (Tfjivpva,  'myrrh,'  the  odour  of  the  seeds  re- 
sembling that  of   myrrh  ;   Hipposeli'num,  Jilace- 
ro'na,  Macedonis'ium,  Herha  Alexandri'na,  Gri'- 
eliim,  Agrioseli'num,  Alexan'ders,  Alsanders.     A 
plant  formerly  cultivated  for  culinary  purposes. 
The  seeds  are  bitter  and  aromatic,  and  the  roots 
more  powerfully  bitter.     They  have  been  recom- 
mended as  resolvents,  diuretics,  emmenagogues, 
&c. 

SNAGGLE-TEETH,  Odontoparallaxis. 
SNAGREL,  Aristolochia  serpentaria. 
SNAIL,  Limax— s.  Shell,  Cochlea. 
SNAKEHEAD,  Chelone  glabra. 
SNAKEROOT,     Garuleum  ,  bipinnatum  —  s. 
Birthwort,  Aristolochia   serpentaria — s.    Black, 
Act«a  racemosa,  Sanicula  Marilandica  —  s.  But- 
ton, Eryngium    aquaticum,   Liatris    spicata  —  s. 
Canada,  Asarum  Canadense — s.  Dewitt,  Prenan- 
thes  —  s.    Evergreen,    Polygala    paucifolia  —  s. 
Heart,  Asarum  Canadense  —  s.  Virginiana,  Aris- 
tolochia serpentaria  —  s.  White,  Eupatorium  age- 
ratoides. 

SNAKEWEED,  Aristolochia  serpentaria,  He- 
lenium  autumnale,  Polygonum  bistorta — s.  Ame- 
rican, Cicnta  maculata. 

SNEEZING,  from  Sax.  nieran,  (G._)Niesen, 
(probably  an  example  of  onomatopoeia,)  Clonus 
Sternuta'tio,  Sternnta'tio,  Sternutamen'lum,  Ster- 
numen'tum,  Ptarmos,  (Sc.)  Needing,  (F.)  Etermie- 
ment.  A  convulsive  motion  of  the  expiratory 
muscles,  by  which  the  air  is  driven  rapidlj',  and 
rushes  sonorously,  through  the  nasal  fossaj,  car- 
rying with  it  the  mucus  and  foreign  bodies  which 
adhere  to  the  pituitary  membrane,  and  have  occa- 
sioned the  movement. 

SNEEZEWORT,  Achillea  ptarmica,  Helenium 
autumnale. 

SNIRRELS,  Nares. 
SNOB.  Nasal  mucus. 

SNORING,    Snore,  (Sax.)    TnoPa,    Rhenchus, 
Renchus,   Ehenxis,  Ronchus,  Rhonchus,    Stertor, 
(Sc.)  Rowting  (probably  a  case  of  onomatopoeia), 
(P.)  Ronjlement.     Noise   made    in    the   posterior 
part  of  the  mouth  and   nasal  fossae  during  the 
movements  of  inspiration,  particularly  in  sleep, 
both  when  the  person  is  in  health,  and  in  disease, 
as    in    apoplexy.     In    certain    affections    of    the 
chest  —  in  some  cases  of  pulmonary  catarrh  —  a 
kind  of  snoring  may  be  distinctly  heard  by  ap- 
plying the  ear  or  the  stethoscope  to  the  chest. 
SNOT,  Nasal  mucus. 
SNOTH,  Nasal  mucus. 
SNOUT,  Nasus. 

SNOW,  Sax.  rna]'.  Nix,  Chion,  (F.)  Neige. 
Water  in  a  solid  state,  which  falls  from  the  at- 
mosphere in  white  flakes.  It  is  used  externally 
as  a  tonic  and  discutient. 

SNOWBALL,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis. 
SNOWBERRY,  Symphoriearpus  racemosus. 
SNOWDROP  TREE,  Chionanthus  Virginica. 
SNOW-BLINDNESS,  Blindness  produced  by 
the  reflection  of  the  solar  light  from  snow.     As  a 
preventive,   Snoio  Eyes  are  used  by  the  Esqui- 
maux.    These  are  made  of  extremely  light  wood, 
with  a  bridge  resting  on  the  nose  like  spectacles, 
and  a  narrow  slit  for  the  passage  of  the  light. 
SNOW  EYES,  see  Snow  Blindness. 
SNUFF,  CEPHALIC,  Pulvis    asari  composi- 
tus. 

SNUFFLES,  Teut.  Snuffeln  (probably  an 
example  of  onomatopoeia),  Grave'do  neonato'rum, 
Rhinan'gia,  Rhinanch'one.  Breathing  hard 
through  the  nose,  often  owing  to  accumulation 
of  the  mucous  secretions, — an  affection  to  which 


SNURLE 


845 


SODA 


infants  are  liable,  and  which  is  relieved  by  oiling 
the  interior  of  the  nostrils. 

SNURLE,  Coryza. 

SNURLES,  Nares. 

SOAP,  Sapo  —  s.  Acid,  see  Sapo. 

Soap  Berries,  Sapindus  saponaria. 

Soap,  Black,  see  Sapo — s.  Castile,  Sapo  durus. 

Soap  of  the  Cocoa-nct  Oil,  see  Sapo. 

Soap,  Common  or  Soft,  see  Sapo  —  s.  Liquid, 
see  Sapo  —  s.  Medicinal,  see  Sapo  —  s.  Spanish, 
Sapo  durus — s.  Yellow,  see  Sapo. 

SOAPWORT,  Saponaria. 

SOB,  from  Sax.  reopian,  'to  grieve,'  (probably 
an  example  of  onomatopoeia) ;  (F.)  Sanglot.  A 
spasmodic,  sudden,  and  momentary  contraction 
of  the  diaphragm,  immediately  followed  by  re- 
laxation, by  which  the  little  air,  that  the  con- 
traction has  caused  to  enter  the  chest,  is  driven 
out  with  noise.  It  is  an  evidence  of  corporeal  or 
mental  suffering. 

SOBBY,  Corpulent. 

SOBOLES,  Epigone. 

SOBRIETAS,  Temperance. 

SOCIA  PAROTIDIS,  see  Parotid. 

SOCI'ETY,  Soci'etas,  (P.)  Societe,  from  socius, 
'  a  companion.'  An  association  for  the  promotion 
of  some  common  object. 

Societies,  Medical.  Associations  of  medical 
gentlemen  for  the  promotion  of  science  have  been 
numerous,  and  productive  of  valuable  results. 
In  the  United  States,  societies  exist  in  many  of 
the  States,  possessing  the  power  of  examining 
into  the  qualifications  of  every  one  who  may  be 
desirous  of  practising  within  their  particular  ju- 
risdiction. In  some  of  the  States,  however,  the 
qualified  and  unqualified  are  permitted  to  exer- 
cise their  profession  with  equal  privileges  and 
immunities. 

Amongst  the  medical  associations  that  have 
issued  from  time  to  time  useful  transactions  or 
publications,  are  the  following:  In  America, — 
The  Ifassachusetts  3fedical  Society ;  the  Phy- 
sieo-medical,  and  Jledlcal  Societies  of  the  State 
of  New  York;  the  College  of  Physicians  of  Phi- 
ludelphia,  and  the  Ame7-ican  Bledical  Association. 
In  Europe,  —  The  Association  of  Fellows  and 
Licentiates  of  the  King's  and  Queen's  College  of 
Physicians  of  Ireland;  the  Medico- Chirurgtcal 
and  Phrenological  Societies  of  Edinhurgh  ;  the 
College  of  Physicians,  the  Aledico-Chirurgical 
the  Jfedical  and  the  Sydenham  Societies  of  Lon- 
don;  the  Associated  A]}0thecaries  and  Surgeon 
Apothecaries  of  England  and  Wales,  and  the  Pro- 
vincial Medical  and  Surgical  Association  ;  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Surgery,  the  Royal  Society  of 
Medicine,  the  Societe  Medlcale  d'Eniidation,  the 
Societe  de  Medecine,  the  Royal  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine, the  Societe  Jfedicale  d'  Observation,  and  the 
Societe  de  Biologie,  of  Paris;  the  Medico-Chimr- 
gical  Academy  of  Vienna  ;  the  Medical  Societies 
of  Berlin  and  Copenhagen,  &c.,  &c.  In  Asia, — 
The  3Iedieal  and  Physical  Society  of  Calcutta. 

Valuable  medical  essays  are  likewise  contained 
in  the  published  Transactions  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society;  the  Royal  Societies  of 
London,  Edinhurgh,  Gottingen,  Sec. ;  the  Imperial 
Academy  of  Sciences  of  Paris  ;  the  Imperial  So- 
ciety of  Sciences  of  St.  Petersburg  and  Vienna; 
the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Turin;  the 
Academia  Lnperialis  Leopoldina  Natures  Curio- 
sorum,  &o. 

SOCORDIA,  Hallucination. 

SODA.  An  Arabic  word.  Protox'ide  of  so- 
dium, (F.)  Soude,  is  obtained  by  adding  caustic 
lime  to  a  solution  of  carbonate  of  soda.  The  soda 
in  solution  may  be  obtained  by  evaporation  as 
hydrate  of  soda.  Its  action  is  like  that  of  potassa ; 
but  it  is  not  officinal. 

Soda    impu'ra,    BariVla,   Barig'Ua,   Baril'lor, 


Soda  Uispan'ica,  Ana'tron,  Natron,  Ana'ton, 
Nitritm  Antiquo'rum,  Kelp,  Aphroni'trnm,  Sal 
alkali' nus  fix-US  fos'silis,  Car'bonas  SodcB  im'pu- 
rus,  Subcar'bonas  SodcB  impiu'ra,  Anachron.  The 
mineral  cdkali  is  obtained  from  several  sources  ; 
—  naturally,  in  Egypt:  artificially,  from  the  in- 
cineration of  marine  plants;  and  from  the  de- 
composition of  sulphate  of  soda,  &c.  It  is  prin- 
cipally, however,  derived  from  plants  growing  on 
the  sea-coast ;  —  as  the  Soho'la  sati'va,  S.  soda, 
S.  tragus,  Salicor'nia  herba'cea,  Salicornia  Arab'- 
ica,  &c.  The  Barilla  ashes  are  from  the  ashes 
of  the  Salicor'nia  Europm'a  :  the  Kelp,  Soude  de 
Varecq,  from  the  Fucus  vesiculo'sus  and  other 
varieties; — the  Turkey  Barilla,  Roquette,  Cendre 
du  Levant,  Rochet'ta  Alexandri'?ia,  from  the  Jfe- 
sembryan'themum  Coji'ticum ;  —  the  Al'icant  Ba- 
riila,Soda  Alicanti'na  seu  Alonen'sis,  from  the  J/e- 
semhryun'themum  nodijio' rum ; — and  the  Cartha- 
ge'na  Barilla,  from  the  Salicor'nia  and  Sulso'la. 

Impure  subcarbonate  of  soda,  (F.)  Sonde  dn 
commerce,  consists  of  subcarbonate  of  soda,  pot- 
ash, chloride  of  sodium,  clay  and  other  earthy 
substances.  It  is  chiefly  used  for  preparing  the 
pure  subcarbonate. 

Soda,  Cardialgia,  Cephalalgia,  Pyrosis. 

Soda  Aceta'ta,  Soda  Ace'tas,  Ac"etate  of 
Soda,  Terra  folia'ta  minera'lis,  (F.)  Acetate  de 
soude.  This  salt  is  used  in  similar  cases  with  the 
acetate  of  potass. 

Soda  AiiRATA,  Soda3  carbonas  —  s.  Alonensis, 
Soda — s.  Biborate  of.  Borax — s.  Bicarbonate  of, 
Sodae  carbonas — s.  Bilateof,  Picromel—s.  Borate 
of.  Borax — s.  Boraxata,  Borax. 

Soda,  Car'bonate  op,  Sod<s  Car'bonas  seu 
Bicar'bonas,  Carbonas  Na'tricum,  Soda  Aera'ta, 
Bicar'bonate  of  Soda,  Carbonate  of  protox'ide  of 
Sodium.  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Soude,  S.  effervescente 
ou  ueree  ou  crayeuse.  {Soda  subcarb.  Ibj,  aqua 
destill.  Oiij.  Dissolve  the  subcarbonate  of  soda, 
and  pass  carbonic  acid  through  the  solution;  set 
it  aside  to  crystallize.)  Its  use  is  the  same  as  the 
subcarbonate,  than  which  it  is  less  caustic,  and 
better  adapted  for  effervescing  draughts. 

Soda  Cau'stica,  Protox'ide  of  So'dium,  Caus- 
tic Soda,  (F.)  Soude  caustique,  S.  a  la  Chaux, 
Soude  pure.  The  impure  subcarbonate,  treated 
by  quicklime,  and  consequently  deprived  of  its 
carbonic  acid.  It  may  be  used  as  a  caustic  like 
the  Potassa fusa,  and  is  even  preferable  to  it,  as 
it  does  not  deliquesce  and  run 

Soda,  Chloride  of,  jS".  Chlorina'ta,  Sodm  Chlo'- 
ridum  seu  Chlorure'tum,  Chlo'rinated  Soda,  Na- 
irnm  Oxymurial'icum,  Oxymu'riate  of  Soda,  (F.) 
Chlorure  de  Soiale,  Chlorure  d'odcide  de  Sodium. 
This  salt  is  used  as  a  disinfecting  agent;  both  to 
remove  offensive  smells  in  chambers,  and  to  al- 
ter the  condition  of  fetid  ulcers.  See  Liquor  Sodas 
Chlorinata;. 

Soda,  Chlorinated,  Soda,  chloride  of — s.  His- 
panica,  Soda — s.  llydrochlorate  of,  Soda,  mu- 
riate of. 

Soda,  Hyposulph'itb  of,  Sodm  hyposu^jh'is, 
(F.)  Byposulfite  de  Sowle.  This  salt  has  been 
lately  extolled  in  chronic  cutaneous,  and  scrofu- 
lous affections.     It  is  given  in  syrup. 

.Soda,  Lithate  of.  Urate  of  soda  —  s.  Mephite 
of.  Soda,  subcarbonate  of. 

Soda,  Mu'riate  of,  S.  muria'*,a  seu  muriat'ica, 
Al'kali  minera'le  sali'num,  Sodm  murias,  S(d 
commu'nis  seu  culiua'ris  sen  f on' tium  seu  gemma 
seu  mari'nus  seu  albus  seu  fos'silis  seu  lu'cidum, 
J\[u'ria,  Natron  muria'tum,  Nntriim  muriat'icum, 
Hydrochlo' rinas  Na'tricus,  Chlorure'tmn  So'dii, 
So'dii  Chlo'ridum,  Common  salt,  Sea  salt.  Rock 
salt,  Bay  salt.  White  salt,  Quadrichlo' ruret  of  So- 
dium, HydrocMo'rate  of  protox'ide  of  Sodium, 
Hydrochlo' rate  of  Soda,  Chloride  of  Sodium,  (F.) 
Chlorure  de  Sodium,  Sel  marin,  Sel  de   Cuisine. 


SODA 


846 


SOLANOID 


In  an  impure  state,  this  salt  is  one  of  the  most 
abundant  of  natural  productions.  It  is  soluble  in 
3  parts  of  water,  and  is  tonie,  purgative,  and  an- 
thelmintic. Externally,  stimulant.  It  is  a  well- 
known  and  useful  culinary  substance.  It  has 
been  greatly  recommended  as  an  antiperiodic  in 
the  dose  of  §ss  or  Ji.. 

Soda,  Nitrate  of,  Sodm  Nitras,  Natron  seu 
Natrum  ni'tricum,  Nitras  na'tricus,  Al'kali  mine- 
ra'le  uitra'tumy  Nitrum  Rhomhoida'le  seu  cu'bi- 
ctim,  Niti-as  Natricum,  Salpe'tra,  Nitrate  of  pro - 
to.v'ide  of  So'dium,  Protoni'trate  of  Sodium,  Cubic 
Nitre.  Its  virtues  are  similar  to  those  of  the  ni- 
trate of  potass,  for  which  it  ha,s  been  substituted. 

Soda,  Oxymuriate  of.  Soda,  chloride  of. 

Soda,  Phosphate  of,  S.  Phospliora'ta,  SodcB 
phos'phas,  Phosphas  Na'tricum,  Natrum  Oxphos- 
phoro'des,  Sal  mirab'ile  perla'tnm,  Alkali  mitie- 
ra'le  phosphor  a' turn,  Subphosphate  of  protox'ide 
of  Sodium,  Subprotop>hosphaie  of  Sodium,  Sub- 
phos'phate  of  Soda,  Triba'sic  pihosphate  of  Soda, 
Tasteless  purging  salt,  (F.)  Phosphate  de  Sonde, 
Sel  admirable  perle.  {Bone  burnt  to  whiteness 
and  powdered,  tbx;  Sulphuric  aciV/,  Ibvj  ;  Car- 
bonate of  soda,  q.  s.  Mix  the  bone  with  the 
acid  in  a  covered  vessel,  add  a  gallon  of  water, 
and  stir.  Digest  for  three  days,  occasionally 
adding  a  little  water  to  that  lost  by  evaporation, 
and  frequently  stirring  the  mixture.  Pour  in 
now  a  gallon  of  boiling  water,  and  strain  through 
linen,  gradually  adding  more  boiling  water,  until 
the  liquor  passes  nearly  tasteless.  Set  the  strained 
liquor  by,  that  the  dregs  may  subside  ;  from  which 
pour  off  the  clear  solution,  and  boil  down  to  a  gal- 
lon. To  this  solution,  poured  off  from  the  dregs 
and  heated  in  an  iron  vessel,  add  by  degrees  the 
carbonate  of  soda  previously  dissolved  in  hot 
water,  until  eifervescence  ceases,  and  the  phos- 
phoric acid  is  completely  neutralized ;  then  filter 
the  liquor,  and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Having 
removed  the  crystals,  add,  if  necessary,  a  small 
quantity  of  carbonate  of  soda  to  the  liquor,  so  as 
to  render  it  slightly  alkaline;  then  alternately 
evaporate  and  crystallize  so  long  as  crystals  are 
produced.  Lastly,  preserve  the  crystals  in  a  well 
stopped  bottle. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic,  in  the  dose 
of  from  ^ss  to  ,^j. 

Soda,  Phosphate  of,  tribasic,  S.  Phosphate 
of — s.  Powders,  see  Powders,  Soda — •  s.  Springs, 
see  Water,  Mineral  (gaseous). 

Soda,  Subcarb'onatb  of,  SodcB  Subcarbonas, 
S.  Carbonas  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Natron  prapara'tum, 
Sal  Soda,  S.  al'kali,  Flos  Salis,  Sagi'men  Vitri, 
Salt  of  Soda  or  of  Barilla,  Subcarbonate  of  pro- 
tox'ide of  Sodium,  Mephite  of  Soda,  (F.)  Sous- 
earbonaie  de  Soude.  The  impure  carbonate,  dis- 
solved in  water;  the  solution  filtered  and  crys- 
tallized. Soluble  in  two  parts  of  water  at  60°. 
It  is  much  used  as  an  antacid  ;  and  also  as  a  deob- 
struent  in  scrofulous  and  other  affections.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  ^ss. 

The  dried  Subcar'lonate  of  Soda,  Sodm  Sub- 
ear'bonas  exsicca'ta,  SodcB  carbonas  exsicca'tus, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Carbonas  SodcB  sicca'tum,  (F.)  Sous- 
carbonate  de  Soude  desseche,  is  employed  as  an 
antacid  and  lithontriptic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xv. 

Soda,  Subphosphate  of,  S.  phosphate  of. 

Soda,  Sulphate  of,  SodcB  Sulphas,  Natron 
vitriola' turn,  Sal  cathar'ticus  seu  mirab'ilis  Glau- 
be'ri,  Al'cali  minera'le  sulphu'ricum,  Natrum  sul- 
phu'ricum.  Soda  vitriola'ta,  Suljihas  na'tricus, 
Ape'rient  Salt  of  Frederick,  Glauber's  Salts,  (F.) 
Sulfate  de  Soude.  Obtained  from  the  salt  that 
remains  after  the  distillation  of  muriatic  acid; 
the  superabundant  acid  being  saturated  with  sub- 
carbonate  of  soda.  It  is  soluble  in  three  parts 
of  water  at  60°  ;  is  purgative,  and,  in  small  doses, 
diuretic.     Dose,  gvj  to  ^x. 

The  Lymington  Glauber's  Salts  is  a  Sulphate 


of  Ifagnesia  and  Soda,  and  is  obtained  from  the 
mother  liquor  of  sea-water,  or  by  dissolving  Ep- 
som salt  in  a  solution  of  Glauber's  salt. 

Soda,  Tartrate  of.  Tartrate  of  potass  and 
Soda,  Tar'tarised  Soda,  Eochelle  or  Seignette's 
Salt,  Soda  Tartariza'ta,  Sal  Bupellen'sis  seu  Po- 
lychres'tum  Seignet'ti  seu  Seignetti,  Natron  tarta- 
riea'ttim,  Tartris  potas'sm  et  Soda,  Soda  et  Po- 
tas'sa  Tartras  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Soda  potassio-tar- 
tras,  Tartras  Potas'sa  et  Soda,{¥.)  Tartrate  de po- 
tasse  et  de  Soude.  [Soda  carb.  ^i;  potass,  bilurt. 
in  pulv.  §xvj,  Aq.  bullient.  Ov.  Dissolve  the 
carbonate  in  water;  and  add,  gradually,  the 
hitartrate.  Filter  the  solution  and  crj'stallize. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)     It  is  a  gentle  cathartic.     Dose,  ^ss 

to  Ei- 

Soda,  Urate  of,  Urate  of  Soda  —  s.  Vitrio- 
lata,  S.  sulphate  of. 

Soda  Water,  Acidulous  water,  simple. 

Soda  and  Silver,  Hyposulphite  of,  Sodse 
et  Argenti  Hyposulphis. 

SoD^  Acetas,  Soda,  acetate  of — s.  Arsenias, 
Arseniate  of  soda — s.  Biboras,  Borax — s.  Bicar- 
bonas.  Soda,  carbonate  of — s.  Boras,  Borax  —  s. 
Boras  alcalescons.  Borax — s.  Boras  supersaturus, 
Borax  —  s.  Carbonas,  Soda  —  s.  Carbonas,  Soda, 
subcarbonate  of — s.  Carbonas  exsiccatus,  see 
Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  Carbonas  impurus, 
Soda  —  s.  Chloras,  Soda,  chlorate  of  —  s.  Hypo- 
sulphis, Hyposulphite  of  soda  —  s.  Murias,  Soda, 
muriate  of — s.  Nitras,  Soda,  nitrate  of— s.  Phos- 
phas, Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  et  Potassas  tartras, 
Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Potassio-tartras,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of — s.  Subboras,  Borax  —  b.  Subcarbonas 
impura.  Soda. 

SoD^  ET  Argen'ti  Hyposulph'is,  Hyposulph'- 
ite  of  soda  and  silver,  (F.)  Hyposulphite  de 
Soude  et  d' Argent.  This  salt  is  formed  by  pouring 
a  solution  of  hyposxdphite  of  soda  over  oxide  of 
silver  recently  precipitated  hy  piotassa,  until  the 
oxide  is  entirely  dissolved.  Crystals  are  afforded 
by  evaporation.  A  solution  of  it  is  used  in  the 
same  c.nses  as  one  of  the  nitrate  of  silver. 

SODII  AURO-TERCHLORIDUM,  see  Gold 
—  s.  Chloridum,  Soda,  muriate  of- — s.  Chlorure- 
tum,  Soda,  muriate  of. 

So'dii  Iod'idum,  I'odide  of  so'dium.  This  salt 
has  been  prescribed  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
iodide  of  potassium. 

SO'DIUM,  Na'trium,  Natro'nium.  The  metal- 
lic basis  of  soda. 

Sodium,  Carbonate  of  Protoxide  of,  Sodae 
carbonas  —  s.  Chloride  of,  Soda,  muriate  of — s. 
Chlorure  de,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Chlorure  d' Ox- 
ide de.  Soda,  chloride  of — s.  Protonitrate  of, 
Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Protoxide  of.  Soda — s.  Pro- 
toxide of,  hydroehlorate  of.  Soda,  muriate  of — s. 
Protoxide  of,  nitrate  of.  Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Pro- 
toxide of,  phosphate  of,  Soda,  phosphate  of — s. 
Protoxide  of,  subcarbonate  of.  Soda,  subcarbonate 
of — s.  Quadri-chloruret  of.  Soda,  muriate  of — 
s.  Subborate  of  protoxide  of.  Borax — s.  Subproto- 
borate  of.  Borax — s.  Subprotophosphate  of,  Soda, 
phosphate  of. 

SODOMA  GALLORUM,  Syphilis. 

SODOMIA,  Buggery. 

SODOMY,  Buggery. 

SOFTENING,  Mollities. 

SOT-POUR-SOT,  Homoeozygy. 

SOIE,  Sericum. 

SOTF,  Thirst  —  s.  Excessive,  Polj'dipsia. 

SOL,  Gold. 

SOL-LUNAR,  Sol-luna'ris;  from  sol,  'the 
sun,'  and  Inna,  'the  moon.'  An  epithet  applied 
to  a  fancied  influence  exerted  by  the  sun  and 
moon  on  man  in  a  state  of  health  and  disease. 

SOLAMEN  INTESTINORUM,  Pimpinella 
anisum — s.  Scabiosorum,  Fumaria. 

SOL'ANOID,  SolanoVdes  ;  a  hybrid  word,  from 


SOLANUM 


847 


SOLIDAGO 


solarium,  'the  potato,'  and  ti6oi,  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  a  potato ;  potato-like.  An  epithet 
applied  to  a  form  of  cancer,  which  appears  to  be 
intermediate  between  scirrhus  and  encephaloid, 
increasing  more  rapidly  than  the  former,  yet  ap- 
proaching it  in  firmness. 

SOLA'NUM,  S.  nigrum  seu  vulga're  seu  vulga'- 
tum,  Common  or  Garden  Nightshade,  (F.)  ilorelle 
d  fruit  noir.  Family,  Solanaceae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  A  narcotic  poison.  The 
Huile  de  Morelle  is  made,  by  macerating  in  oil, 
for  several  days,  the  leaves  and  fruit  of  this  plant. 
The  oil  is  anodyne  and  discutient. 

SoLANDM  Carolinen'se,  Horse  nettle;  indi- 
genous. The  juice  of  the  berries  has  been  em- 
ployed successfully  in  idiopathic  tetanus.  [?] 

SoLANUjr  Dulcama'ra,  S.  scandens  seu  ligno'- 
suni,  Dulcamara,  D.flexuo'sa,  Glycipi'cros,  Ama'- 
ra  dulcis,  TTpvy(^vos  of  Theophrastus,  Bittersweet, 
Woody  Nightshade,  Bittersweet  Nightshade,  Bit- 
tersweet Vine,  Nightshade  Vine,  Violet  bloom, 
(F.)  DoHce-atn^re,  Morelle  grimpante,  Vigne  de 
Judee.  The  taste  of  the  stalks  is  bitter,  followed 
by  sweetness;  hence  its  name.  It  has  been  used 
in  many  diseases,  as  a  diuretic  and  sudorific, 
especially  in  chronic  rheumatism,  humoral  asth- 
ma, dropsy,  various  skin  diseases,  scrofula,  and 
jaundice.     Dose,  in  powder,  Qj  to  ,^j. 

SoLANuii  EscuLENTDM,  S.  tuberosum — s.  Foe- 
tidum,  Datura  stramonium — s.  Furiosum,  Atropa 
belladonna — s.  Hortense  nigrum,  Atropa  bella- 
donna— s.  Humboldtii,  S.  Lycopersicum — s.  Le- 
thale,  Atropa  belladonna  —  s.  Lignosum,  S.  dul- 
camara. 

SoLANUM  Lycoper'sicum  J  Lycoper'sicon  escu- 
lent'um,  L.  pomum  amo'ris  seu  Humhold'tii  seu 
pseudoly coper' sicum,  Ilalum  lycoper'sicum,  Love- 
apple  plant.  The  fruit  of  this,  called  Toma'ta, 
Toma'to  or  Love-apple,  (F.)  Pomme  d' Amour,  is 
much  eaten  in  the  United  States;  and,  with  the 
French,  Spaniards,  Portuguese,  &q.,  forms  an  es- 
teemed sauce. 

SoLANUM  Magnum  Virginianum  Rubrum,  Phy- 
tolacca decandra  —  s.  Maniacum,  Atropa  bella- 
donna, Datura  stramonium  —  s.  Melanocerasus, 
Atropa  belladonna. 

SoLANOM  Melon'gena,  Melo7igena,  Egg-pilant, 
Mud  Apple  plant ;  (F.)  Aubergine.  A  native  of 
Asia,  Africa,  and  America.  Its  oblong,  egg- 
shaped  fruit,  Ponum  Melon' gencB,  3falum  insa'num, 
is  prepared  in  soups  and  sauces  in  those  coun- 
tries, like  the  tomata. 

SoLANDM  Nigrum,  Solanum. 
Solanum  Niv'eum.  a  South  African  plant, 
the  leaves  of  which,  applied  to  foul  ulcers,  cleanse 
them.  The  fresh  juice  of  the  berries  and  leaves, 
made  into  an  ointment  with  lard  or  fat,  is  used 
by  the  farmers  for  the  same  purpose. 

Sol  AND  Ji  Parmenterii,  S.  tuberosum  —  s. 
Pseudoly copersicum,  S.  Lycopersicum  —  s.  Qua- 
drifolium,  Paris  —  s.  Racemosum  Americanum, 
Phytolacca  decandra. 

Solanum  Sanctum;  Pal'estine  Nightshade. 
The  fruit  of  this  is  globular,  and  is  much  eaten 
in  the  countries  where  it  is  a  native. 
Solanum  Scandens,  S.  Dulcamara. 
Solanum  Tubero'sum,  S.  esculen'tum  seu  Par- 
mente'rii,  Lycoper'sicum  tubero'sum.  Papas  Ame- 
ricu'nus,  Pappus  America'nus,  America'num  Tu- 
bero'sum, Batta'ta  Virginia' na,  Bata'tas ;  the 
Pota'to,  (F.)  Pomme  de  Terre.  A  native  of  Peru. 
A  nutritious  and  wholesome  vegetable ;  one  of 
the  most  useful,  indeed,  that  exists.  One  hun- 
dred pounds  of  potatoes  aflford  ten  pounds  of 
starch,  which  is  equal  to  arrow-root,  as  a  nutrient 
and  demulcent.  It  is  called  Potato  Flour,  P. 
Starch,  French  Sago,  Petit  Sague,  Common  Arrow- 
root, <tc. 


Solanum  Urens,  Capsicum  annuum—  s.  Vesi- 
carium,  Physalis. 

Solanum  Virginia'num  ;  indigenous  ;  is  said 
to  resemble  Solanum  nigrum  in  its  properties. 

Solanum  Vulgare,  Solanum. 

SOLAR,  Sola'ris,  from  sol,  solis,  'the  sun. 
Relating  to  the  sun  ;  having  rays  like  the  sun. 

Solar  Plexus,  Plexus  sola'ris,  Centrum  com' 
mu'ne,  Cer'ebrum  abdomina'le.  A  collection  of 
ganglions  and  filaments,  interweaving  and  anas- 
tomosing with  each  other  repeatedly,  and  belong- 
ing to  the  system  of  the  great  sympathetic.  This 
vast  plexus,  lying  on  the  vertebral  column,  the 
aorta,  and  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  has  a 
very  irregular  shape.  The  ganglions  and  fila- 
ments composing  it  are  soft,  reddish,  and  almost 
all  issue  from  the  semilunar  ganglions.  It  re- 
ceives, also,  branches  from  the  pneumogastrics. 
It  seems  to  be  chiefly  intended  for  the  aorta,  and 
accompanies  all  its  branches  ;  furnishing  many 
secondary  plexuses,  which  are  called  the  infra- 
diapihragmatie,  cceliac,  superior  mesentey-ic,  in- 
ferior mesenteric,  renal  or  emulgent,  sjiermatic, 
&c. 

SOLDANELLA,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

SOLDIER'S  WEED,  Matico. 

SOLE,  Solum,  S.  pedis,  Solea,  Basis  cor'ptoris, 
Ichnus,  Superfie"ies  ^^^(/H^a'ns  pedis,  Peti'na, 
Vestig"ium,  Pe'dion,  Peza,  Pelma,  Planta'ria 
sup)erficies  pedis,  Fa'cies  conca'va  seu  infe'rior 
seu  Planum  seu  Coneavum  seu  Pars  inferior  seu 
Planit"ies  seu  Planta  seu  Vola  pedis,  (F.)  Plante 
du  Pied.  The  sole  of  the  foot;  the  under  sur- 
face of  the  foot. 

SOLEA,  Sole  —  s.  Ipecacuanha,  see  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

SOLEAIRE,  Soleus. 

SOLBN,  Cradle,  see  Vertebral  column. 

SOLENA'RIUM,  from  awXriv,  '  a  canal,  a  pipe.' 
An  instrument  of  surgery,  representing  a  kind  of 
gutter,  in  the  cavity  of  which  the  penis  was 
placed,  like  a  limb  in  a  cradle.  The  word  Solen 
itself — co)Xt]v,  Cana'lis  —  was  used,  in  antiquity, 
for  a  grooved  channel  or  cradle,  in  which  a  frac- 
tured limb  was  placed. 

SOLENOSTEMMA  ARGEL,  Cynanchum 
olesefolium. 

SOLE'US,  Gastrocne'mius  inter'nus,  Tibiocal- 
eajiien,  (Ch.;)  (F.)  Soleaire,  from  solea,  'a  sole 
of  a  shoe,'  owing  to  its  shape.  A  muscle  situate 
at  the  posterior  part  of  the  leg.  It  is  broad,  flat, 
and  almost  oval ;  and  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
posterior  edge  of  the  fibula,  to  the  oblique  line  on 
the  posterior  surface,  and  to  the  inner  edge  of  the 
tibia.  It  terminates,  below,  by  a  large  tendon, 
which  unites  to  that  of  the  gastrocnemius  ex- 
ternus,  to  form  the  teudo  Achillis.  This  muscle 
extends  the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  conversely. 

SOLID,  Sol'idus,  Ste'reos,  from  solum,  'the 
ground.'  A  body  whose  integrant  molecules  are 
so  united  by  the  force  of  cohesion,  that  they  will 
not  separate  by  their  own  weight.  The  solids,  in 
the  human  body,  are  the  bones,  cartilages,  ten- 
dons, muscles,  ligaments,  arteries,  veins,  nerves, 
membranes,  skin,  <fec.  The  anatomy,  or  rather 
study  of  the  solids,  is  called  Stereol'ogy,  from 
arefims,  'solid,'  and  Xoyo;,  'a  discourse.' 

SOLID A'GO,  from  solido,  'I  make  firm,'  in 
allusion  to  its  properties  as  a  vulnerary.  See 
Solidago  vigaurea. 

SoLiDAGO  Saracenica,  S.  virgaurca. 

Solida'go  Rig"iDA,  Rigid  Goldenrod,  Bones' 
styptic;  indigenous;  of  the  Composite  family, 
flowering  in  August  and  September;  is  astringent 
and  tonic. 

Solida'go  Virgau'rea,  .S'.  vulga'ris  seu  Sara- 
cen'ica,  Virga  aurea,  Uerba  do'rea,  Cony'za  coma 
aiirea,  Sym'phytum  Petrce'um,  Eli'chrysum,  Con- 
sol'ida,    Saracen'ica,     Golden    rod,     (F.)     Verge 


SOLIDISM 


848 


SOLVENT 


d'or,  Herhe  des  juifs.  The  leaves  of  Solida'yo 
orfc'ro— Solid a'go  (Pb.  U.  S.)  —  Fragrant  or 
Sweet-scented  Golden-rod — and  the  flowers  have 
been  recommended  as  aperients  and  tonics,  in 
iirinarj  diseases,  and  in  internal  hemorrhage. 

Soi-iDAGO  Vulgaris,  S.  virgaurea. 

SOL'IDISM,  Patholog"ia  soUdu'n's.  The  doc- 
trine of  those  physicians  who  refer  all  diseases  to 
alterations  of  the  solid  parts  of  the  body.  To  the 
believers  in  this  doctrine,  the  appellation  Sol'id- 
ists  has  been  given.  The  solidists  think  that  the 
solids  alone  are  endowed  with  vital  properties; 
that  they  alone  can  receive  the  impression  of 
morbific  agents,  and  be  the  seat  of  pathological 
phenomena.  Solidism  has  been  the  prevalent 
doctrine.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say,  that  in 
all  our  investigations,  the  condition  of  both  solids 
and  fluids  must  be  regarded. 

SOLIUM,  Baignoire,  Taenia  solium. 

SOLUBIL'ITY,  Solubil'itas,  from  solvere,  so- 
hituni,  '  to  dissolve.'  That  property  of  a  body  by 
virtue  of  which  it  can  be  dissolved  in  a  men- 
struum. 

TABLE  OP  THE  SOLUBILITY  OF  SOME  SUBSTANCES 
IN  Vi^ATER. 


NAMES   or   SALTS. 


Acids. 

Benzoic 

Citric 

Oxalic 

Tartaric 

Salts. 

Acetate  of  Potassa 

— Soda 

Bitartrate  of  Potassa 

Borate  of  Soda 

Carbonate  of  Ammonia . 

M.agnesia., 

• — • Potassa.... 

Soda 


Chlorate  of  Potassa. 
_ Soda 


Chloride  of  Calcium 

Magnesium. 

Potassium... 

Sodium 

Muriate  of  Ammonia.... 

Nitrate  of  Potassa 

Soda 


Solubility  in  100 
parts  water. 


at  60°        at212° 


Phosphate  of  Soda 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia.. 
Copper , 


Iron. 

Magnesia 

Potassa 

Soda 

Supersulphate  of  Potassa 

Tartrate  of  Potassa 

Potassa  and  Soda... 

— '■ Antimony  &  Soda... 


0-208 
133 
50 
very  soluble 

100 

35 

1-5 

8-4 

60 

2 

25 

50 

6 

35 

2U0 

100 

33 

35'42 
33 

14-25 
33 
25 
50 
25 
50 
100 
6-25 
37 

5-0 
25 
20 
6-6 


4-17 
200 
100 


3-3 
16-8 


36-16 
100 
100 
100 

50 
100 

50 
100 
133 

20 
125 
100 


33 


SOLUM,  Solo— s.  Pedis,  Metatarsus,  Sole. 

SbLUT.E,  Solution. 

SOLUTIO,  Solution  —  s.  Alexiteria  Gaubiana, 
see  Disinfection  —  s.  Ammonia3  subcarbonatis. 
Liquor  ammonife  subcarbonatis  —  s.  Arsenicalis, 
Liquor  arsenicalis — s.  Arsenicata,  Liquor  arseni- 
calis— s.  Arsenitis  kalicee.  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  s. 
Calcis,  Liquor  calcis  —  s.  Campborge  setherea, 
Tinetura  astherea  camphorata- — •  s.  Camphorae 
oleosa,  Linimentum  camphoras  —  s.  Continui,  So- 
'ution  of  continuity — s.  Cupri  ammoniati,  Liquor 
Cupri  ammoniati  —  s.  Ferri  nitratis,  Liquor  Ferri 
nitratis — s.  Guaiaoi  gummosa,  Mistura  guaiaci — s. 
Muriatis  barytse.  Baryta,  muriate  of — s.  Muriatis 
calcis,  see  Calcis  murias — s.  Muriatis  ferrieiaethe- 
rea,  Tinetura  seu  alcohol  sulfurico-sethereus  ferri 
• — s.  Muriatis  hydrargyri  oxygenati,  Liquor  hy- 
drargyri  oxymuriatis — s.  Potassii  iodidi  iodureta. 
Liquor   iodini     compositus  —  s.   Resina;    guaiaci 


aquosa,  Mistura  guaiaci —  s.  Solventis  Mineralis, 
Liquor  Arsenici  chloridi  —  s.  Subcarbonatis  am- 
moniaci  spirituosa,  Spiritus  aminonifie. 

SoLUTio  Sulpha'tis  Cupri  Compos'ita,  Aqua 
vitriol'ica  ccerii'lea,  Sydenham's  StyjJti'c  Water, 
{Snlph.  cupri,  3iij,  alum.,  acid,  suljih.,  aa  §ij, 
aqucB,  ,^viij  :  dissolve,  and  filter.)  A  styptic,  and, 
largely  diluted,  an  astringent  collyrium. 

SOLU'TION,  Solu'tio,  Lysis,  (F.)  Dissolution, 
from  solvere,  solutuni,  '  to  dissolve.'  An  operation 
which  consists  in  dissolving  a  solid  body  in  a  men- 
struum.    Likewise,the  product  of  such  operation 

—  Solu'luni,  (F.)  Solute.  It  means,  also,  with 
many,  the  termination  of  a  disease  : — with  others, 
a  termination  accompanied  by  critical  signs;  — 
and,  with  others,  again,  it  is  synonymous  with 
crisis. 

Solution  of  Acetate  of  Ammonia,  Liquor 
ammoniae  acetatis  —  s.  of  Acetate  of  morphia, 
Liquor  morphiaj  acetatis  —  s.  Alkaline,  see  Fuli- 
gokali — s.  of  Alkaline  iron.  Liquor  ferri  alkalini 

—  s.  of  Alum,  compound.  Liquor  aluminis  com- 
positus-— s.  of  subcarbonate  of  Ammonia,  Liquor 
ammonite  subcarbonatis— s.  of  Ammoniated  cop- 
per. Liquor  cupri  ammoniati — s.  Arsenical,  Liquor 
arsenicalis  —  s.  Arsenical,  De  Valangin's,  Liquor 
Arsenici  chloridi — s.  of  Carbonate  of  Soda,  Liquor 
sodte  carbonatis  —  s.  of  Charcoal,  concentrated, 
see  Tinetura  catechu  —  s.  of  Chlorinated  soda, 
Liquor  sodsfi  chlorinatffi — s.  of  Chloride  of  Arse- 
nic, Liquor  Arsenici  chloridi  —  s.  of  Chloride  of 
Zinc,  see  Burnett's  disinfecting  liquid  —  s.  of  Ci- 
trate of  Ammonia,  Liquor  ammoniae  citratis  —  s. 
of  Citrate  of  Magnesia,  see  Magnesiae  citras  —  s. 
of  Citrate  of  Potassa,  Liquor  potassae  citratis  —  s. 
of  Continuity,  see  Continuity  —  s.  of  Corrosive 
sublimate.  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  —  s. 
De  Valangin's,  Liquor  arsenici  chloridi — s.  Don- 
ovan's, see  Arsenic  and  Mercury,  Iodide  of —  s. 
Fowler's,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  s.  Gannal's,  see 
Aluminae  sulphas  —  s.  of  Gutta  percha  in  Chlo- 
roform, see  Gutta  percha — s.  Heinecke's,  see  Ar- 
seniate  of  Soda. 

Solution,  Goadby's,  called  after  the  proposer, 
is  made  of  bay  salt,  corrosive  sublimate  or  arse- 
nious  acid,  and  water.  It  is  employed  to  pre- 
serve animal  substances. 

Solution  of  Hydriodate  of  Potass,  Liquor 
potassae  hydriodatis — s.  of  Iodide  of  iron.  Liquor 
ferri  iodidi  —  s.  of  Iodine,  compound.  Liquor  io- 
dinii  compositus  —  s.  of  Iron,  nitrated,  Liquor 
ferri  nitratis  —  s.  Labarraque's,  Eau  de  Javelle  — 
s.  of  Lime,  Liquor  calcis  — s.  Lugol's,  Liquor 
iodinii  compositus  —  s.  of  Magnesia,  condensed, 
Magnesia,  fluid  —  s.  of  Monro,  Liquor  of  Monro 

—  s.  of  Nitrate  of  iron.  Liquor  ferri  nitratis  —  s. 
of  Oxymuriate  of  mercury,  Liquor  hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis  —  s.  Par  les  huiles,  Olea  medicinalia 
— s.  Pearson's,  see  Arseniate  of  soda — s.  Plenck's. 
see  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum — «.  de  Potasse, 
Liquor  potassas  —  s.  of  Potassa,  Liquor  potassa? 
— s.  of  Sesquinitrate  of  iron.  Liquor  ferri  nitratis 

—  s.  of  Soda,  Liquor  sodae  —  s.  of  Subacetate  of 
lead.  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis — s.  of  Sub.acetate 
of  lead,  diluted,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilu- 
tus — s.  of  Subcarbonate  of  potass.  Liquor  potas- 
sae subcarbonatis — s.  of  Sulphate  of  morphia,  Li- 
quor niorphiae  sulpha.tis  —  s.  of  Tartarized  anti- 
mony, Vinum  antimonii  tartarizati  —  s.  of  Terni- 
trate  of  sesquioxide  of  iron.  Liquor  ferri  nitratis 

—  s.  of  Van  Swieten,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymu- 
riatis. 

SOLUTIVUS,  Laxative. 

SOLUTUM,  Solution. 

SOLVENS,  Solvent  —  s.  Minerale,  Liquor  ar- 
senicalis. 

SOLVENT,  Solvens,  (F.)  Fondant,  from  solvere, 
'  to  dissolve.'  A  medicine  supposed  to  possess 
the  property  of  dissolving  or  removing  obstruc- 


SOMA 


84  9 


SONDE 


tions  and  extraneous  substances.  _  Thus  we  have 
solvents  of  the  stone  in  the  bladder,  &c.  See 
Dissolventia. 

vSoLVENT,  Mineral,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 
SOMA,  Body,  Corpus. 
SOMASCETICS,  Gymnastics. 
SOMASOETIQUE,  Gymnastics. 
SOMAT'IC,    Somat'icus;   from    aw/io,    cwi^arog, 
'  the  body.'     That  which  concerns  the  body  ; — as 
sonuiiia  death,  or  death  of  the  body,  in  contra- 
distinction to  molecular  death  or  the  death  of  a 
part. 

SOMATODYM'IA,  from  ooiiia,  aw/iaroj,  'the 
body,'  and  ivw,  'I  enter  into.'  A  double  mon- 
strosity in  which  the  trunks  are  united.  Of  this, 
there  are  several  varieties  :  —  Vertebrodi/m'ia, 
where  the  union  is  by  the  vertebrse  ;  Ischiodym'ia, 
by  the  ossa  ischii;  Sternodym'ia,  by  the  sternum  ; 
Supraom2]halodi/m'ia,  (F.)  Stis-omphalodijmie,  by 
the  super-umbilical  regions;  Siipra  et  infra-om- 
phfilodymia,  by  the  superior  and  inferior  um- 
bilical regions;  and  Ste)-7io-om2)halodym'ia, -where 
the  union  is  by  both  the  sternal  and  the  umbili- 
cal regions. — Cruveilhier. 

SOMATOL'OGY,    Somafolog"ia,    from     oufia, 
iTiiJIiaTog,  'the  body,'  and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'     A 
treatise  on  the  human  body.     Anatomy. 
SOMATOTOMT,  Anatomy. 
SOMMEIL,  Sleep. 

SOMNAMBULATION,  Somnambulism. 
SOMNAM'BULISM,  Somnamhtda'tio,  Hypno- 
bate'sis,  Hypnohata'sis,  ffyjmoba'tia,  Hypnobad'- 
ist's,  Rhembas'mus,  Lunatis'mns,  Hypnonergi'a, 
Selenoga'mitt,  Nyctobate'sis,  Autonyctoba' tia,  _Se- 
leni'asis,  Selenias'miis,  Somnambidis'mus,  Nyc- 
tob'nsis,  Nnctariibrda'tio,  Noctambidis'mwi,  Nyc- 
tnba'dia,  Nyctoba'tia,  Siph'ita,  Syph'ita,  Paro- 
m'ria  am'bulans,  Noctisur'gium,  Oneirodyn'ia 
acti'va,  Cenospu'dia,  Somno-vigil,  Somnambxda'- 
tion,  Sleep>-ioalkivg,  from  aomnus,  '  sleep,'  and 
ambidare,  'to  walk.'  A  condition  of  the  brain 
which  occasions  the  individual  to  execute,  during 
sleep,  some  of  those  actions  that  commonly  take 
place  when  awake.  It  has  been  imagined  that  the 
somnambulist  is  guided  solely  by  his  subjective 
sensations  ;  but  there  are  many  facts  which  induce 
the  belief  that  the  external  senses  are  not  always 
entirely  suspended.  The  causes  of  somnambu- 
lism are  very  obscure;  and  the  principal  indica- 
tion of  treatment  is,  —  so  to  arrange  the  bed- 
chamber of  the  somnambulist,  that  he  cannot  get 
out  of  it  during  sleep;  and  to  avoid  suppers,  as 
well  as  all  bodily  and  mental  excitement. 

SoMXAMBULiSM,  Magnet'ic,  Mesmeric,  or  Ar- 
TIFIc"lAL,  Somnambuli s' mus  artificia'lis,  Cataph'- 
ora  wagnet'icci,  So?nnip'atky,  is  that  peculiiir  con- 
dition, into  which  individuals  are  thrown  by  the 
Animnl  Magnetizer.  It  occurs  only  in  those  of 
weak  nervous  temperament;  in  hysterical  fe- 
males, &c. 

SOMNAMBULISMUS,  Somnambulism  —  s. 
Artificialis,  Somnambulism,  magnetic. 

SOMNAM'BULIST,  Somnam'bidug,  EybnoV- 
ates,  Hypnob'ates,  Noctam'bidus,  Lunat'icua,  Noc- 
tam'bulo,  Somnam'bnlo.     A  sleep-walker. 

SOMNAMBULIS'TIC.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  somnambulism,  —  as  the  'somnambu- 
lis'tic  state.' 

SOMNAMBULO,  Somnambulist. 

SOMNIA'TIO,  from  somnium,  'a  dream.'  The 
act  of  dreaming. 

SoMNiATio  Morbosa,  Oneironosus — s.  in  Statu 
vigili,  Hallucination. 

SOMNIF'EKOUS,  Som'nifer,  Snpor'ifer;Hyp- 
iiot'iens,  Hypnopoe'us,  Soporati'vus,  Soporific, 
Soporif'erous,  (F.)  Assoupissaiit ;  an  epithet  for 
a  medicine  which  causes  sleep,  from  gommis, 
'sleep,'  and/ero,  'I  carry.' 
64 


SOMNIL'OQUIST:  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
One  who  talks  in  his  sleep. 

SOMNILO'QUIUM,  Somniloquia'mus,  SomniV- 
oquism,  from  somnus,  'sleep,'  and  loquor,  'I 
speak.'     Talking  in  the  sleep. 

SOMNOPATHY,  Somnambulism,  magnetic. 

SOM'NIUM,  Eiiyp'nion,  Insom'nium,  a  Dream, 
(Sc.)  Siceiiin,  Sweviiig,  Swevynyng,  Swevyng,  (F.) 
lieve,  Soitge.  A  confused  assemblage,  or  acci- 
dental and  involuntary  combination  of  ideas  and 
images,  which  present  themselves  to  the  mind 
during  sleep.  Dr.  S.  Mitchell,  of  New  York, 
used  the  word  Somnitim  to  signify  the  state  be- 
tween sleeping  and  waking,  in  which  persons 
perform  acts  of  which  they  are  unconscious. 

For  'waking  dreams,'  see  Hallucination. 

Those  distressing  dreams  which  occur  during 
a  state  of  half  sleep,  are  called,  by  the  French, 
JievasHeries, 

SOMNO-VIGIL,  Somnambulism. 

SOM'NOLENCY,  Somnolen' tia,  Hypiiceslhe'sis, 
ffypno'dia,  Jjormita'tio,  Carua  Lethar'gua  Ca- 
taph'ora, Cataphora, Coma  Somnolen' turn,  Caro'sia, 
Slumber,  Heav'iness,  (F.)  Aasoupisaement ;  from 
aomnua,  'sleep.'  Sleepiness.  Also  a  state  inter- 
mediate between  sleeping  and  waking.  It  is  often 
a  symptom  of  disease. 

SOMNUS,  Sleep. 

SOMPNUS,  Sleep. 

SON,  Furfur,  Sound. 

SONCHUS,  aoyxoi,  S.  Olera'ceus,  Hiera'cium 
olera'ceum,  Cicer'bita,  Sow  Thiatle,  Swine-thistle, 
(P.)  Laiteron  doux.  Ord.  Cichoraceas.  Most  of 
the  species  of  Sonchus  abound  with  a  milky  juice, 
which  is  very  bitter,  and  said  to  possess  diuretic 
virtues. 

SoxcHus  Floridanus,  Mulgedium  Florida- 
num. 

,6'0iVZ'£',  Sound,  Specillum  —  s.  CajweZee,  Di- 
rector. 

SONDE  D'ANEL.  A  very  fine  stylet  of  sil- 
ver, awl-shaped  at  one  end.  It  is  used  for  pro- 
bing the  lachrymal  passages  through  the  punc- 
tum  lacrymale. 

SONDE  DE  BELLOC.  An  instrument  in- 
vented by  Belloc  for  plugging  the  nasal  fossae, 
in  cases  of  hemorrhage.  It  consists  of  a  curved 
silver  canula,  open  at  both  ends,  and  furnished 
with  a  button.  The  instrument  is  passed  through 
the  nares  to  the  throat;  and  a  plug  is  attached 
to  the  button,  so  that,  when  the  instrument  is 
drawn  forwards  through  the  nose,  the  posterior 
nostril  is  stopped. 

SONDE  BRISEE  (¥.),  Eyed  probe.  A  long, 
straight  stylet,  composed  of  two  parts,  which  may 
be  screwed  to  each  other;  blunt  at  one  end,  and 
furnished  at  the  other  with  an  eye,  so  that  it  may 
be  used  either  as  a  probe  for  punctured  wounds, 
or  for  a  seton  needle. 

SONDE  A  CONDUCTEUR  (F.).  A  modifi- 
cation of  the  ordinary  catheter; — to  facilitate  the 
changing  of  catheters,  without  the  fear  of  making 
false  passages.  It  is  a  common  catheter,  open  at 
its  beak.  The  Stylet  or  Jlandrin  is  one  half 
longer  than  that  of  the  ordinary  catheter.  To 
use  the  instrument,  the  stylet  is  pushed  into  the 
cavity  of  the  bladder  through  the  catheter.  The 
latter  is  then  withdrawn  by  slipping  it  over  the 
stylet,  which  is  kept  in  its  place,  and  serves  as  a 
guide  to  a  fresh  catheter. 

SONDE  1  DARD,  see  Lithotomy  (high  ope- 
ration). 

SONDE  DE  LAFOREST.  A  small,  crooked 
canula,  used  for  probing  the  nasal  duct  from  be- 
low upwards,  and  for  throwing  injections  into  it. 

SONDE  ou  PINCE  DE  HUNTER.  A  cy- 
lindrical silver  canula;  of  the  size  of  a  common 
catheter ;  open  at  both  extremities,  and  contain- 


SONDE  DE    VARECQ 


850 


SORREL 


ing  a  wire  of  iron,  one  of  the  ends  of  which  is 
split  into  two  parts ;  each  being  terminated  by  a 
small  silver  scoop,  and  separating  from  each  other 
by  virtue  of  their  elasticity,  when  pushed  out  of 
the  canula,  and  again  approximating  when  drawn 
in.  It  has  been  used  for  laying  hold  of  small 
calculi  in  the  urethra. 

SONDE  DE   VARECQ.  Soda. 

SONGE,  Somnium. 

SONITUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium  —  s. 
Fluidi,  Hygreohema  —  s.  Hepaticus,  Ilepateche- 
ina  —  s.  Intestinalis,  Enterechema  —  s.  Stoma- 
ehieus,  G-asterechetna. 

SONORODS  RIIONCHUS,  R&le  sonore. 

SONUS,  Sound  —  s.  Vocis,  Accent. 

SOOJA,  see  Dolichos. 

SOOJIB,  EASTER'S,  a  farinaceous  article  of 
diet,  is  said  to  consist  of  wheat  flour  sweetened 
with  sugar. 

SOOL,  Gastroperiodynia. 

SOOT,  Fuligo  — s.  Tea,  see  Fuligokali  —  s. 
Wart,  Cancer,  chimney-sweeper's. 

SOPHIA,  Sisymbrium  sophia  —  s.  Chirurgo- 
rum,  Sisymbrium  sophia. 

SOPHISTICATION,  Falsification. 

SOPHO'RA  HEPTAPHYL'LA,  Anfieholer'- 
ica.  Ord.  Leguminosae.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria 
Monogynia.  The  root  and  seeds  of  this  shrub 
are  intensely  bitter,  and  are  said  to  have  been 
found  useful  in  cholera,  colic,  dysentery,  &c. 

SoPHORA  Tincto'ria,  Bapti's'ia  seu  Podali/r'ia 
Thicto'ria,  Indigo/' era.  Wild  Indigo,  Indigo  Weed, 
Broom,  Indigo  Broom,  Horsefly  Weed,  Yellow 
Broom,  Clover  Broom,  Rattle  Bush,  Yelloio  Indigo. 
An  American  plant,  the  taste  of  whose  root  is 
unpleasant,  sub-acrid,  and  nauseous — very  simi- 
lar to  that  of  ipecacuanha.  In  a  large  dose,  the 
bark  of  the  root  acts  both  as  an  emetic  and  ca- 
thartic. It  has  been  considered  antiseptic  and 
febrifuge,  and  has  been  used,  in  the  form  of  fo- 
mentation or  cataplasm,  in  phagedenic  and  gan- 
grenous ulcers.  A  liniment,  prepared  by  simmer- 
ing the  cortical  part  of  the  root  in  cream,  has 
been  found  an  ef&cacious  application  to  sore  nip- 
ples and  to  ulcerated  breasts. 

Baptis'ia  Leucan'tha,  Tall  white  false  Indigo, 
an  indieenous  plant,  has  the  same  properties. 

SOPHRONIST^  DENTES,  see  Dentition. 

SOPHRONISTERES  DENTES,  see  Denti- 
tion. 

SOPHROSYNE,  Temperance. 

SOPIENS,  Paregoric. 

SOPIO,  Opium. 

SOPOR.  A  profound  sleep,  from  which  the 
person  can  be  roused  with  difficulty.  It  is  a 
symptom  in  many  of  the  neuroses. 

Sopor  Caroticus,  Carus. 

SOPORARIiE  ARTERI^,  Carotids. 

SOPORATIVUS,  Somniferous. 

SOPORIFEROUS,  Somniferous. 

SOPORIFIC,  Somniferous. 

SO'POROUS,  So'porxis,  (F.)  Soporeux,  from 
sopor,  'sleep.'     Sleepy:  causing  sleep. 

SORA,  Essera. 

SORB  TREE,  Sorbus  domestica. 

SORBASTRELLA,  Pimpinella  saxifraga. 

SORBEFA'CIENT,  Sorhefa'ciena,  from  sor- 
here,  'to  suck  in,'  and  facere,  'to  make,'  A 
remedy  that  promotes  absorption. 

The  following  are  the  chief  sorbefacients  or 
modifiers  of  nutritive  action  —  enfrophics :  — 
Acida  Vegetabilia;  Alkalia;  Ammoniacum;  Bro- 
minium;  Galbanum  ;  Hydrargyri  Prajparata;  lo- 
dinium  ;  Liquor  Calcii  chloridi ;  Spongia  usta ; 
Compression,  (methodical ;)  Friction ;  Mental 
Sorbefacients,  (Imagination,  Emotions.) 

SORBETHUM.  Soherhet. 

SORBETTUM,  Scherbet. 

SORBETUM,  Scherbet. 


SORB  IE  R  DES  OISELEURS,  Sorbus  acu- 
paria. 

SORBITIO,  Jus. 

SoRBiTio  Carxis  seu  Ex  Carne.  Broth  or 
soup  made  of  meat. 

SORBITUM,  Jus. 

SORBUM,  see  Sorbus  domestica. 

SORBUS,  Cratsegus  aria,  S.  domestica. 

SoRBDS  Acupa'ria  seu  Adcupa'ria,  7!/e.s'p?7i(s, 
31.  acupa'ria.  Mountain  Service,  3Iountain  Ashf 
Quicken  tree,  Roan  tree,  Witchen,  Witch  hazel. 
Witch  wood,  (So.)  Roden  tree,  Roun  tree,  Rowan 
tree.  Rone,  (Prov.)  Keer,  Rantree,  (F.)  Sorbier 
des  Oiseleurs,  Erene  sauvage.  Ord.  Rosaceae. 
The  berries  — (Sc.)  Rodens  —  of  this  tree  are  em- 
ploj'ed  for  similar  purposes  as  the  last. 

Sorbus  Alpina,  Cratajgus  aria. 

Sorbus  America'na,  Pyrus  Americana,  Ame- 
rican Ilountain  Anh.  The  bark  resembles  that 
of  the  Wild  Cherry,  and  might  be  used  in  the 
same  cases. 

Sorbus  Aria,  Cratsegus  aria — s.  Aucuparia,  S. 
acuparia  —  s.  Cydonia,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

Sorbus  Domes'tica,  Sorhus,  Pyrus  domes' tica, 
3fes'2)ilus  domes'tica,  Oie,  Service  or  Sorb  Tree, 
(F.)  Cormier.  Family,  Rosacese.  Sex.  Syst. 
Icosandria  Trigynia.  The  fruit  of  this  tree,  Sor- 
bum,  is  astringent,  and  has  been  recommended  in 
diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is  given  in  the  form 
of  rob.  A  kind  of  cider  is  made  from  it,  and  also 
brandy. 

Sorbus  Malus,  Pyrus  mains. 

SORDES,  Rhypos,  'Filth.'  A  dirty-looking 
sanies,  discharged  from  ulcers.  Also,  accumula- 
tions of  the  secretions  cf  the  mouth,  on  the  teeth 
in  adynamic  fevers  more  especially,  and  of  foul 
matters  in  the  stomach— /S'o?'cZes  prima' rum  via'- 
rnm,  Rhypa'ria.  The  French  call  an  ulcer,  ex 
hibiting  such  an  appearance,  sordid.  Also  dirt 
of  any  kind. 

SoRDES,  Ichor,  Saburra  —  s.  Acidee,  Acidities 

—  s.  Aurium,  Cerumen  —  s.  Primarum  viarum 
Embarras  gastrique,  see  Sordes — s.  Ventris,  Ex 
crement. 

SORDICULiE  AURIUM,  Cerumen. 

SORE,  Ulcer. 

Sore,  Bay.  A  disease  which  Mosely  considers 
to  be  a  true  cancer.  It  is  endemic  in  the  Bay 
of  Honduras. 

Sore  Mouth,  Stomatitis — s.  Gnngrenous,  Can- 
cer aquations  —  s.  Throat,  Cynanche — s.  Throat, 
Clergyman's,  Pharyngitis,  follicular  —  s.  Throat, 
inflammatory,  Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  s.  Throat, 
putrid,  Cynanche  maligna — s.  Throat,  tuber- 
cular, Pharyngitis,  follicular — s.  Throat,  ulcerous, 
Cynanche  maligna. 

SORENESS,  Sax.  POPP,  'vexed,  molested.' 
Parap'sis  acris  teneritu'do.  Painful  uneasiness 
or  tenderness,  local  or  general,  on  being  touched 
with  a  pressure  that  does  not  usually  excite  dis- 
tressing feeling.  Often,  a  febrile  symptom.  Also, 
the  tenderness  of  a  wound,  ulcer,  &c. 

SORGHUM,  Panicum  Italicum, 

SOROCCO,  Puna. 

SOROCHE,  Puna. 

SORORIA'TIO,  from  sorores,  'sisters,'  soro- 
rio,  '  to  grow  up  or  swell  together.'  The  period 
at  which  the  breasts  of  the  female  become  deve- 
loped. The  act  of  becoming  thus  developed.  A 
young  maiden,  whose   mammse  begin   to   show, 

—  sororiantes  mammoB  —  was  formerly  called  soro- 
rians  virgo.  —  Plautus. 

SORREL,  COMMON,  Rumex  acetosus  — s. 
Field,  Rumex  aeetosella — s.  French,  Rumex  seu- 
tatus — s.  Garden,  Rumex  scutatus — s.  Mountain, 
Oxalis  aeetosella,  Oxyria  reniformis  —  s.  Salt  of. 
Potass,  oxalate  of — s.  Roman,  Rumex  scutatus — 
s.  Sheep,  Rumex  aeetosella. 


SOSTRUM 


851 


bPACE 


SoiiREL  Tree,  Andromeda  arborea,  A.  mariana. 

SoKREL,  Welsh,  Oxyria  reniformis — s.  White, 
Oxalis  aeetosella — s.  Wood,  Yellow,  Oxalis  stricta. 

SOSTRUM,  Sotrum ;  from  itcu^eiv,  '  to  save,' 
ao)Trip,  'a  preserver.'  A  reward  given  to  one  who 
saves  the  life  of  another.  A  physician's  fee  or 
honorarium,  (F.)  Honoraire. 

SOTERIA  DOCTRINA,  Medieina. 

SOTERI^  AQU^,  AVaters,  mineral. 

SOTIREL''LA.  Ancient  name  of  a  medicine 
composed  of  opium  and  other  narcotics,  nutmeg, 
saffron,  camphor  and  soot.  It  was  used  in  cer- 
tain diseases  of  the  teeth. 

SOTRUM,  Sostrum. 

SOUBRESAUT,  Suhsultus  tendinum. 

SOUCHERLOON,  Bit  noben. 

SOUOHET  DES  INDES,  Curcuma  longa  — 
s.  Odorant,  Cyperus  longus  —  s.  Bond,  Cyperus 
rotundns. 

SOUGT,  Calendula  officinalis,  Panophobia  — 
1.  des  Alpes,  Arnica  montana  —  s.  des  Champs, 
Calendula  arvensis — s.  Ordinaire,  Calendula  oflB- 
cinalis. 

SOUDE,  Soda  —  s.  Acetate  de.  Soda,  acetate 
of — s.  Acre,  Sodae  carbonas  —  s.  Borate  de,  Bo- 
rax— s.  Borate  sursature  de.  Borax — -s.  Carbonate 
de,  SodEe  carbonas — s.  Caustiqite,  Soda  caustica 
—  s.  A  la  ChauK,  Soda  caustica  —  s.  Chlorure  de. 
Soda,  chloride  of — s.  du  Commerce,  Soda  —  s. 
Crayense,  Sodae  carbonas — s.  Effervescente,  Sodae 
carbonas  —  s.  Hyposulfite  de.  Soda,  hyposulphite 
of — s.  Phosphate  de,  Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  et  de 
Potnsse,  Tartrate  de,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Pure, 
Soda  caustica — s.  Sousborate  de,  Borax — s.  Sous- 
carbonate  de.  Soda,  subcarbonate  of  —  s.  Sulfate 
de.  Soda,  sulphate  of. 

SOUFFLE,  see  Murmur,  respiratory  —  s.  Am- 
phoriqne,  see  Cavernous  respiration  —  •?.  Bron- 
chique,  see  Murmur,  respiratory  —  s.  Bletallique, 
see  Cavernous  respiration  —  s.  Placenfaire,  Bruit 
placentnire — s.  Tracheal,  see  Murmur,  respiratory 
— s.  Tubaire,  see  Murmur,  respiratory — s.  Vterin, 
Bruit  place.ntaire — s.  Yoile,  see  Cavernous  respi- 
ration. 

Souffle,  Whispeking. 
over  solidified  lung  and 
patient  whispers. — Flint 

SOUFRE,  Sulphur— s 
phuretum  —  s.  lodure  de,  Sulphuris  iodidum 
Sublime,  Sulphur  sublimatum — s.    Vegetal,  Lyco- 
podium. 

SOUILLURE,  Pollution. 

SOULA'MEA  AMA'RA,  Rex  amaro'rum.  A 
shrub  of  the  Moluccas;  Order,  Polygalaceas  ;  all 
the  parts  of  which  are  of  great  bitterness — "hor- 
renda  amarities."  It  is  employed  by  the  Malays, 
and,  it  is  said,  with  success  in  cholera  and  pleu- 
risy; and  as  a  febrifuge. 

SOUND,  Speeill'um,  Stylus,  Explorato'rinm, 
Radi'olus,  (F.)  Sonde.  An  instrument  used  by 
surgeons  to  discover  whether  there  be  a  stone  in 
the  bladder.  It  is  usually  made  of  highly  po- 
lished steel,  and  is  shaped  like  the  catheter.  The 
operation  is  termed  sounding. 

The  French  Sonde  has,  however,  a  more  ex- 
tensive signification.  It  means  different  instru- 
ments introduced  into  cavities  of  certain  organs, 
or  into  wounds,  fistulas,  &c.,  to  investigate  their 
condition,  or  to  fulfil  some  therapeutical  indica- 
tion.    See  Sonde. 

SoDND,  Sonus,  Eehos,  Noise,  (F.)  Son,  Bruit. 
The  sensation  produced  on  the  auditory  nerve  by 
the  vibrations  of  a  sonorous  body.  Sounds  may 
be  propagated  in  three  modes.  1.'  By  reopj-oca'- 
tion  or  con'sonance,  as  when  a  sounding  body,  of 
a  definite  pitch,  produces  a  musical  tone  when 
another  body  of  the  same  pitch  is  sounded  near 
it.  2.  By  res'onance,  as  when  a  sounding  body 
is  placed  in  connection  with  another,  one  or  more 


A  bellows'  sound  heard 
excavations   when  the 

Carhure,  Carbonis  sul- 


of  whose  parts  may  be  thrown  into  reciprocal  vi- 
bration;  and  3.  By  conduc'tion,  as  where  the  vi- 
brations are  transmitted  through  fluid,  liquid,  or 
solid  media. 

Sound,  Catheterize,  Syncope  —  s.  Auricular, 
Apyromele — s.  Bellows,  friction,  rasp,  saw,  lancet, 
&e.,  see  Bruit — s.  Cracked  pot.  Bruit  de  p>ot  fel& 
—  s.  Crumpling,  pulmonary,  Froissement  pulmo- 
naire  —  s.  Laryngeal,  Laryngeche. 

Sound,  U'terine,  U'terine  bougie,  (F.)  Sonde 
uterine.  An  instrument,  somewhat  similar  to  a 
small  male  catheter,  to  be  introduced  into  the 
cavity  of  the  uterus,  in  the  diagnosis  of  diseases 
of  that  viscus.  When  notched  on  the  stem,  it 
enables  the  size  of  the  uterine  cavity  to  be  ap- 
preciated, and  becomes  a  good  hysterom'eter. 

SOUNDING,  Searching,  see  Sound. 

SOUNDNESS  OF  MIND,  Sanity. 

SOUPIR,  Sigh. 

SOUR  BERRY,  see  Oxycantha  Galeni,  Vacci- 
nium  oxycoccos  —  s.  Dock,  boreal,  Oxyria  reni- 
formis—  s.  Leaf,  Andromeda  arborea — s.  Tree 
Andromeda  arborea  —  s.  Wood,  Andromeda  ar- 
borea. 

SOURCTL,  Supercilium. 

SOURCILIER,  Corrugator  supercilii,  Super- 
ciliary. 

SOURD,  Deaf. 

S0URDS-3[UETS,  see  Mutitas  surdorum. 

SOUR-MILK,  Buttermilk. 

SOUR-SOP,  Bromelia  ananas. 

SOURWOOD,  Andromeda  mariana. 

SOUS-ACROMIO-CLA  VT-HUMJERAL,  Del- 
toid—  s.  Atlo'idien,  Subatloidfeus  —  s.  Axo'idien, 
Subaxoidasus  —  s.  Azotate  de  Bismuth,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of — «.  Clavier,  Subclavius — s.  Costaux, 
Intercostal  —  s.  C^u^n/ie,  Subcutaneous — s.  Epi- 
neux,  Infra-spinatus — s.  Lingual,  Sub-lingual — s. 
Ifammaire,  Submammary  —  s.  3[axillaire,  Sub- 
maxillary—  s.  3faxillo-Labial,  Depressor  anguli 
oris — s.  Mental,  Submental— s.  Metacarp)o-lateri- 
phalangien.  Prior  annularis  — s.  Optico-spilieno- 
scleroticien,  Rectus  inferior  oculi  —  s.  Orbitaire, 
Suborbitar  —  s.  Pubio-coccygien,  Levator  ani — s. 
Pubio-creti-tibial,  Gracilis  —  s.  Pubio-pretibial, 
Gracilis — s.  Pubio-trochanterien-externe,  Obtura- 
tor externus — s.  Pxibio-trocJiante.rien-interne,  Ob- 
turator internus — s.  Scapulaire,  Subscapularis — s. 
Scapulo-trochinien,  Subscapularis — s.  Sels,  see 
Salt. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Glenn's  Springs,  in  Spartanburg  District, 
are  highly  charged  with  salts  of  lime,  and,  not 
far  from  them,  is  a  chalybeate.  Tress's  Sprivg, 
and  Chick's  Sjjrings,  a  few  miles  from  Greenville, 
resemble  Glenn's  Springs. 

SOUTHERNWOOD,  Artemisia  abrotanum  — 
s.  Field,  Artemisia  campestris  —  s.  Maritime,  Ar- 
temisia maritima — s.  Tartarian,  Artemisia  santo- 
nica. 

SOWBREAD,  Arthanita,  Cyclamen. 

SOWENS,  Flummery. 

SOY,  see  Doliehos  soia. 

SOYMIDA  FEBRIF'uGA,  Swietenia  febrifuga. 

SPA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  town 
seven  leagues  southeast  of  Liege,  where  there 
are  several  springs,  possessing  a  sharp  acidulous 
taste;  containing  much  carbonic  acid,  carbonates 
of  iron,  lime,  and  magnesia;  carbonate  of  soda, 
and  chloride  of  sodium.  The  water  is  much  used 
as  a  tonic. 

Spa  Water,  Artificial.  Sodm  subcarh.,  gr. 
vij  ;  magnesice  carioji.,  Qj  ;  limat.  ferri.,  gr.  iij  ; 
sodii  chlorid.,  gr.  j  ;  aqucB,  Oiij.  Impregnate 
with  gas  from  marble  2}oiDder  and  s«?/jA.  acid., 
aa  ^x. 

SPACE,  INTERPEDUNCULAR,  see  Inter- 
peduncular—  s.  Perforated,  anterior,  Locus  per- 


SPADE-BONE 


852 


SPASM 


Perforated,    posterior, 


xoratus    antious 
Tarini  pons. 

SPADE-BONE,  Scapula. 
SPADO,  Castratus,  Eunuch,  Spasm. 
SPAGYRIA,  Chymistrj'. 

SPAG"YRISTS,  from  o-Tau,  'I  separate,'  and 
lyeiiiu),  'I  assemble;'  because  they  reduced  com- 
pounds into  elements,  and  formed  the  latter  into 
compounds  [?].  A  sect  of  physicians,  who  pre- 
tended to  account  for  the  changes  that  occur  in 
the  human  body  in  health  and  disease,  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  chymists  of  their  day  explained 
those  of  the  inorganic  kingdom.  Iledici'iia  Pa- 
racelcis'tica  seu  Spagyr'ica,  was  likewise  called 
Hermet'ica,  because  it  was  believed  that  the 
means  of  cure  adopted  in  it  had  been  found  in 
the  books  of  Hermes. 
SPAIG,  Skeleton. 

SPANu3];'MIA,  from  <Ti:avoi,  'poor,'  and  'aijia, 
'blood.'  Poverty  of  the  blood.  Diminution  in 
the  quantity  of  fibrin  and  red  corpuscles  of  the 
blood, — as  where  bleeding  has  been  carried  be- 
yond certain  limits.  —  Simon. 

SPANjE'MIC,  Spmics'micum  (remedium),  Dys- 
2}las' ticum,  Plastilyt'icum  et  erethilyt'icum,  Hm- 
matulyt'icnm,  Dyscrasi'acnm.  Same  etymon  as 
the  last.     Relating  to  spanjeraia. 

A    medicine  whose   protracted   use  is  said    to 
impoverish  the  blood,  —  as  iodine,  bromine,  &c. 
SPANDARAPUM,  Sparadrapum. 
SPANING,  Weaning. 

SPANISH  FLY,  Cantharis— s.  Juice,  Extrac- 
tum  glyoyrrhizaj. 

SPANiSfADRAPUM,  Sparadrapum. 
SPANOPO'G-ON,  from  oravof,  'rare,'  and  tto)- 
ywv,  '  beard.'     One  who  has  lost  his  beard,  or  has 
a  thin  beard. 

The  Greeks  called  those  who  had  little  beard, 
or  who  had  lost  it,  Spnnopngo'nes. 
SPARADRAPA,  Sparadrapum. 
SPARADRAPIER.  The  name  of  a  machine 
for  spreading  sparadraps.  A  Plaster  machine. 
It  consists  of  a  table,  with  two  raised  pieces,  mo- 
vable, and  furnished  with  points,  by  which  the 
cloth  can  be  stretched,  and  of  a  lamina  or  blade 
of  metal  to  extend  the  plaster  over  it. 

SPARADRA'PUM,  Sparadra'pa,  Sparadra- 
pus,  Tela  emplas'tica  seu  emp)laa'trica,  Spandara'- 
pum,  Spannadra' puni,  (F .)  Sparadrap.  Any  ad- 
hesive plaster  spread  upon  linen  or  paper.  The 
chief  sparadraps  are  the  f)llovving: — 

Sparadrapum  Adh^si'vum,  Adhe'sive  Plaster. 
A  spread  plaster  of  the  Eiaplastrum  adhcesivum. 
It  is  also  called  Strapping. 

English  Court  Plaster  is  a  Sparadrap,  (F.) 
Taffetas  agglutinatif,  T.  gomnie,  Taffetas  d'An- 
gleterre,  Ser'icum  An'glicitm,  Emplas'triim  An- 
glicum.  E.  Angliea'nnm,  E.  Adhmsi'vun  Wood- 
stock'ii,  E.  IchthyocoVlm  tela  indnc'tum,  E.  Glu- 
tino'sum,  Tela  Ichthyocol'lcB  glu'tinans,  Isinglass 
Plaster.  It  is  made  by  stretching  black  silk,  and 
brushing  it  over  with  a  solution  of  isinglass  5j, 
in  jjroo/  spirit  ^xij,  to  which  tinct.  benzoin.  _:^ij, 
are  added.  When  dry,  this  is  repeated  five  times ; 
after  this,  two  coats  are  given  it  of  a  solution  of 
tereb.  Chics  ^iv,  in  tinct.  benz.  ^vj,  which  render 
it  less  liable  to  crack. 

Liston's  Isinglass  Plaster  is  made  by  spreading 
several  coats  of  strong  solution  of  isinglass  in 
weak  spirit  over  oiled  silk,  or,  still  better,  over 
animal  membrane  previously  prepared  for  the 
purpose  from  the  peritoneal  coat  of  the  c»cum  of 
the  ox. 

Sparadrapum  pro  Fontic'dlis,  Issue  Plaster, 
is  sometimes  made  of  simple  diachylon.  Ibij  ;  Bur- 
gundy pitch  and  sareocolla,  each  ,^iv;  common 
turpentine,  ^^j.  Spread  upon  linen  and  polished 
with  a  moistened  calendering  glass  rubber. 
Sparadrapum  seu  Tela  Galteui,   Defensive 


Plaster,  (F.)  Toile  de  Gautier.  This  is  made  of 
olive  oil,  Ibss;  suet,  ^iv;  ivax,  ^x;  litharge, 
common  turpentine,  thus,  and  mastich,  aa,  3'J  5 
bole  armeniac,  flour,  aa  ,5j.  Pour  it,  while 
liquid,  upon  cloth,  and  spread.  Used  for  issues 
and  to  keep  on  dressings. 

Sparadra'pum  Vesicato'rium.  Several  sub- 
stances have  been  introduced  as  substitutes  for 
blistering  plaster,  (see  Emplastrum  Lyttee,)  under 
the  names.  Tela  vesicato'ria,  Blistering  Tissue, 
&o.,  and  other  forms  of  which  are  the  Taffetas 
vesicant  ou  epispastiqne.  Papier  epispastique, 
Charta  vesicato'ria.  They  are  made  of  an 
ethereal  or  alcoholic  extract  of  eantharides,  or  of 
cantharidin,  mixed  with  wax,  and  spread,  in  a 
very  fine  layer,  on  silk  or  paper  previously  oiled 
or  waxed.     They  are  eflScient  agents. 

Sparadrapum  Vir'ide,  Corn  Plaster.  This 
may  be  made  of  yellow  wax,  Ibij  ;  Burgundy 
pitch,  ^xij  ;  common  turpentine,  ,^vj  ;  verdigris, 
3iij;  spread  on  cloth  and  polished. 

Kennedy's  Corn  Plaster  is  made  of  yellow  wax, 
ibj  ;   Venice  turjjentine,  ^ij;   verdigris,^}. 

SPARADRAPUS,  Sparadrapum. 

SPARAGMA,  Laceration. 

SPARAGMOS,  Spasm. 

SPARAGUS,  Asparagus. 

SPARAL'LIUM,  Clyster  uteri'nus.  An  injec- 
tion into  the  vagina.  —  Ruland  and  Johnson. 

SPAREDIA.  A  ligature  covered  with  the 
white  of  egg. —  Paracelsus. 

SPARGA'NIUM  RAMO'SUM,  Great  Bur- 
reed,  from  Sparc/anon,  owing  to  the  ribbon-like 
leaves.  Indigenous:  Ocrfec,  Typhaeese  ;  flowering 
in  July  and  August.  The  roots  are  subastrin- 
gent,  but  esculent;  yielding  a  fine  fecula,  simi- 
lar to  salep.  They  are  sometimes  made  into  a 
poultice  for  inflamed  mammas. 

SPAR'GANON,  Spar'ganum,  from  (rirapyw,  '  I 
swathe,'  'I  wrap.'  'Swathing  clothes;'  a  kind 
of  bandage,  with  which  children  were  formerly 
surrounded. — Foesius.     Also,  a  fascia. 

SPARGANO'SIS,  Spargo'sis,  Intumescen'tia 
lac'tea  manima'runi  Mastodyn'ia  piolyg'ala,  from 
o-rrapyao), '  I  am  ready  to  burst.'  Extreme  disten- 
sion of  the  breasts  by  milk.  Sparganosis  also 
means  the  wrapping  of  a  child  in  swathing  clothes. 

Sparganosis  Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  do- 
lens. 

SPARGANUM,  Sparganon. 

SPARROWGRASS,  Asparagus. 

SPARSUS,  Sporadic. 

SPAR'TIUM  JUN'CEUM,  Spanish  broom. 
Ord.  LeguminosEB.  A  small  European  shrub, 
cultivated  in  the  gardens  of  the  United  States,  on 
account  of  its  yellow  flowers.  The  seeds  are 
diuretic  and  tonic,  in  small  doses ;  emetic  and 
cathartic  in  large.  They  have  been  used  in 
dropsy  — 10  or  15  grains  three  times  a  day. 

Spartium  Soopa'rium,  Cyt'isus  scopa'rius,  Ge- 
nis'ta,  G.  scopa'ria  seu  hirsu'ta,  Cytisogenista, 
Broom,  (F.)  Genet  &  balai.  Broom  Tops,  Spartii 
Cacumina,  Scopa'rius,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  have  a  bitter 
taste,  and  are  possessed  of  diuretic  properties. 
They  have  been  used  in  dropsies.  Dose,  of  the 
powder,  ^j  to  ^j.  All  the  genistee  have  similar 
virtues.  A  decoction  of  genista,  along  with  the 
cauterization  of  the  pustules  under  the  tongue, 
has  been  recommended  in  hydrophobia. 

Spartium  Tinctorium,  Genista  tinctoria. 

SPASM,  Spasmus,  Sparag'tnos,  Synol'ce,  Spado, 
from  oKaoi,  '  I  draw.'  The  Greeks  gave  this  name 
to  all  kinds  of  convulsions.  It  is  now  usually 
applied  to  involuntary  muscular  contractions; 
and  these,  again,  have  been  divided  into  tonic 
spasm,  Paraton'ia,  which  consists  in  permanent 
rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  muscles  that  are 
the  seat  of  it  (see  Tetanus) ;  and  clonic  spasm, 


SPASMATICUS 


SPECULUM 


wtich   consists  in  alternate  contractions  and  re- 
laxations (see  Convulsion). 

Cullen  has  a  class,  Spasmi — the  neurospasmi 
of  Fuchs. 

Spasw,  Clonic,  Convulsion  —  s.  Cynic,  see  Ca- 
nine laugh. 

SpAsst  OF  THE  Glottis,  Asthma  thymicum. 

Spasm,  Histrionic,  of  the  Face,  see  Tic. 

Spasm  of  the  Larynx,  Asthma  thymicum. 

Spasm,  Masticatory,  of  the  Face,  Trismus. 

Spasm  with  Rigidity,  Tetanus. 

Spasm,  Writers'.  Involuntary  spasms  of  the 
muscles  of  the  thumh  and  inde.x  finger,  observed, 
at  times,  in  those  who  are  much  accustomed  to 
writing.     See  Cramp,  writers'. 

SPASMATICUS,  Spasmotieus. 

SPASMATODES,  Spasmotieus. 

SPASMS  DE  LA  GLOTTE  ET  DU  THO- 
RAX, Asthma  thymicum  —  s.  de  la  Vessie,  Cys- 
tospasmus. 

SPASMI,  see  Spasm. 

SPASMODES,  Convulsive. 

SPASMODIC,  Spasmotieus. 

SPASMOL'OGY,  Spasmolog"ia,  from  czaajioi, 
'spasm,'  and  \oyog,  'a  treatise.'  A  treatise  on 
spasms. 

SPASMOLYGMUS,  Singultus. 

SPASMOT'ICUS,  Spasmat'icus,  Sjmsmato'des, 
Spas'ticwi,  Spastic,  Spnsmod'ic,  (F.)  Spasmodi- 
que,  Spasfique,  from  u-Kaafioc,  'spasm.'  Anything 
relating  to  spasm.     Also,  an  antispasmodic. 

Morbi  const ricto'rii,  J/,  spasmot'ici,  &c.,  are 
diseases  accompanied  with  spasm. 

SPASMUS,  Convulsion,  Spasm  —  s.  Aurium, 
Otalgia — s.  Bronchialis,  Asthma — s.  Caninus,  see 
Canine  laugh — s.  Clonicus,  Convulsion — s.  Cyni- 
eus,  see  Canine  laugh — s.  Facialis,  Tic — s.  Glot- 
tidis.  Asthma  thymicum  —  s.  Linguae,  Glosso- 
spasmus — s.  Maxilla  inferioris.  Trismus — s.  Mus- 
cularis,  Cramp  —  s.  Musculorum  Faciei,  Canine 
laugh — -s.  Nutans,  Convulsion,  salaam  — s.  Peri- 
phericus,  Ilorrida  cutis — s.  Universalis,  Synclonus 
—  s.  Ventriculi,  see  Cardialgia — s.  Vesicoe,  Cys- 
tospasmus. 

SPAS'NIA,  same  etymon  as  Spasm.  [?]  A 
term  used  by  Mercurialis  to  designate  the  lanci- 
nating pain  produced,  at  times,  in  the  chest  by 
violent  fits  of  coughing. 

SPASTIC,  Spasmotieus,  Tonic  spasm. 

SPASTICUM,  Tetanic. 

SPATHA.  Hvpaleiptron. 

SPATHES'TER,  from  c-au,,  'I  draw.'  A 
surgical  instrument,  used  for  drawing  the  prepuce 
over  the  glrins,  when  too  short.  —  P.  Amman. 

SPATIIOMELE,  Spatula. 

SPATHULA,  Scapula,  Spatula  — s.  Foetida, 
Iris  fostidissima. 

SPATHYEMA  FCETIDA,  Dracontium  foeti- 
dum. 

SPATIA  INTERLOBULARES,  Interlobular 
fissures.        _ 

SPAT'ILE,  arariXrj,  'human  excrement.'  A 
liquid  fecal  evacuation.  Excrement.  —  Hippo- 
crates. 

SPATIUM  ORIS,  Mouth— s.  Trigonum,  Lyra. 

SPATTERDOCK,  Nuphar  advena. 

SPAT'ULA,  Spath'rda,  diminutive  of  Spatha, 
cTa^r],  '  a  broad-sword.'  Spathome'le,  Specill'um 
/rtfiim.  An  instrument  used  for  spreading  plas- 
ters, stirring  ointments,  holding  down  the  tongue, 
&c.     Also,  the  scapula. 

Spatula  pro  Ore,  Glossospatha. 

SPAUD,  Humerus. 

SPAUL,  Saliva. 

SPAUT-BONE,  Humerus. 

SPAW-BONE,  Humerus. 

SPAYING,  see  Castration. 

SPEANING-BRASH,  Brash,  weaning. 

SPEARWORT,  Ranunculus  flammula. 


SPEAUTER,  Zinc. 

SPECIAL,  see  Specific. 

SPECIALIST,  (F.)  SpSdaliste.  One  who 
devotes  himself  to  a  specialty;  as  to  diseases  of 
particular  parts,  as  of  the  eye,  ear,  chest,  &c. 

SPECIES,  (F.)  E>>peces,  Specioles,  This  com- 
poses. Officinal  mixtures  of  substances  cut  or 
bruised.  Sometimes  used  for  compound  powders, 
as  it  always  appears  to  have  been  formerly.  See 
Pulvis. 

Species  Aromatic.*,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  com- 
positus  —  s.  Diacinnamomi,  Pulvis  cinnamomi 
compositus — s.  Diacretae,  Pulvis  cretfe  compos. — 
s.  Diajalapse,  Pulvis  jalapa?  compositus — s.  Diam- 
bras  sine  odoratis,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus 
— s.  Diatragacanthse  frigidse,  Pulvis  tragacanthse 
compositus  —  s.  Hierse  picra3,  Pulvis  aloes  cum 
canellS,  —  s.  Lsetificantes  Rhazis,  Pulvis  cinna- 
momi compositus — s.  e  Scordio  cum  opio,  Pulvis 
cretse  compositus  cum  opio  —  s.  e  Scordio  sine 
opio,  Pulvis  cretee  compositus. 

SPECIF'IC,  Specifiers,  Nosocrat'ic,  (F.)  Spe'- 
cifique,  from  species,  'a  form  or  fashion,'  and 
facere,  'to  make.'  A  substance  to  which  is  at- 
tributed the  special  property  of  removing  some 
particular  disease.  Probably  no  such  remedy 
exists,  ilercury  in  syphilis,  and  sidphur  in  the 
itch,  have  been  regarded  as  the  strongest  exam- 
ples. The  word  is  also  used  adjectively  in  the 
sense  of  s^ject'a?/  as  "mercury  has  a  specific  or 
special  action  on  the  salivary  glands." 

Specific  op  Herrenschwand.  A  once  cele- 
brated German  vermifuge.  It  is  said  to  have 
consisted  of  10  grains  of  Gamhoge,  with  20  of 
Carbonate  of  Potassa.  It  is  affirmed,  that  mer- 
cury and  arsenic  have  also  been  found  in  it. — 
Paris. 

SPECIFICUM  PARACELSI,  PotassEe  sul- 
phas. 

SPECIL'LUM,  Mele,  Stylus,  Explorato' rium, 
from  specio,  '  I  examine,'  Specla'rion,  a  probe, 
(F.)  Stylet,  Sonde.  A  surgical  instrument,  em- 
plo3'ed  for  examining  wounds,  fistulas,  and  for 
passing  setons,  &o.  It  is  usually  formed  of  sil- 
ver; and  is  terminated,  at  one  end,  by  an  olive- 
shaped  button.  The  eyed  probe  has  an  aperture 
at  the  other  extremity. 

Specillum,  Everrieulum,  Ilypaleiptron,  Sound 
— s.  Auricularium,  Apyromele  —  s.  Cereum,  Bou- 
gie— s.  Excavatum,  Stylus  excavatus — s.  Latum, 
Spatula — s.  Minus,  Melotis. 

SPECWLE,  Species. 

SPECKS  OF  THE  CORNEA,  see  Caligo. 

SPECLARION,  Specillum. 

SPECTACLES,  from  spectare,  'to  behold;' 
Conspicil'la,  (Se.)  Breeh,  (F.)  Besides,  Lunettes 
ordinaires.  Conserves.  Glasses  to  assist  the  sight; 
arranged  so  as  to  be  adapted  to  both  eyes.  These 
glasses  are  more  or  less  concave  or  convex,  accord- 
ing as  the  sight  is  more  or  less  short,  {myopiic,) 
or  long,  [presbyopic.)  When  the  glass  is  adaptecl 
to  one  eye.  it  is  called  an  Eyeglass,  Conspicil'him, 
PerspiciVlum,   Vitrum  ocnla're. 

SPECULA'RIS  LAPIS.  A  transparent  mine- 
ral, but  of  what  nature  is  not  clear,  which  was 
formerly  employed  in  epilepsy.  In  old  times  it 
was  used  for  glass.  —  Pliny. 

SPECULUM,  Catop'ter,  Catop'trun,  Diop'tron. 
In  Latin,  'a  mirror;'  from  specio,  'I  see.'  In 
surgery,  it  means  different  instruments  for  dila- 
ting cavities,  and  facilitating  their  examination. 
See  Dilator.  There  are  various  instruments  of 
this  kind,  —  the  S.  Ani,  S.  Auris,  S.  Vaginee, 
(Colpeiiryn'ter,  Elytreurynter,)  S.  Matri'cis,  /?. 
Oculi,  S.  Oris  ((F.)  Baillon,)  S.  Gutturis,  S. 
Ye  sices. 

Speculum  Citrinum,  Orpiment  —  s.  Indicum, 
Ferri  limatura — s.  Lucidum,  Septum  lucidum — s< 


SPECUS 


854 


SPERMATIC 


Oris,  Grlossocatoclius — s.  Veneris,  Achillea  mille- 
folium. 

SPECUS,  Vulva  —  s.  Cordis,  Ventricle  of  the 
Heart — s.  Pro  medulla  spinali,  see  Vertebral  co- 
lumn— s.  Vertebralis,  see  Vertebral  column. 

SPEDALSKE,  see  Radzyge. 

SPEDALSKHED,  see  Radzyge. 

SPEECH,  Voice,  articulated. 

SPEECHLESSNESS,  Mutitas. 

SPEEDIMAN'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et 
myrrhfe. 

SPEEDWELL,  BROOKLIME,  Veronica  bec- 
cabunga — s.  Female,  Antirhinum  elatine — s.  Offi- 
cinal, Veronica — s.  Purslain,  Veronica  peregrina 
. —  s.  Water,  Veronica  beccabunga. 

SPELL-BONE,  Fibula. 

SPELTRUM,  Zineum. 

SPERAGE,  Asparagus. 

SPERAGUS,  Asparagus. 

SPFiHH,  a-cpjia,  a-ncp/iaros,  from  (T~eipu>,  'I  SOW.' 
Spermat'ic  fluid  or  liquor,  Sem'inal  fluid,  Seed, 
Semen,  S.  viri'le  seu  musculi'num  sen  genita'le, 
Seniin'ium,  Genita'le,  3Iedul'lm,  lios.  Sanguis, 
Serum,  Humor  genita'lia  seu  semina'lis  seu  ve- 
ire'reus,  ZTri'na  genita'lis,  Genitu'ra,  Sioerma,  S. 
viri'le,  Spermi'um,  Tho're,  Tho'rus,  Lac  maris, 
Lagne'a,  Lagni'a,  Lagneu'ma,  Germen,  Vita'le 
virus,  3Iale's  milk,  Prop'agatory  or  genital 
liquor,  Vital  or  quicJcening  venom,  (F.)  Semence, 
Fluide  seminal.  A  whitish,  viscid  fluid,  of  a  pecu- 
liar smell,  secreted  by  the  testicles,  whence  it  is 
carried  by  the  vasa  deferentia  to  the  vesiculaB 
seminales,  to  be  thrown  into  the  vagina,  during 
coition,  through  the  ejaculatory  ducts  and  the 
urethra.  It  is  the  fecundating  fluid,  and  must 
come  into  actual  contact  with  the  germ  of  the 
female.  The  Aura  sem'inis,  Gonau'ra,  is  inca- 
pable of  effecting  fecundation.  The  semen,  at 
the  time  of  emission,  is  composed  of  two  different 
fluids;  the  one  liquid  and  transparent,  which  is 
considered  to  be  the  secretion  of  the  prostate, — 
the  other,  white,  and  as  thick  as  mucilage;  the 
product  of  the  testicular  secretion.  The  sperm 
contains,  according  to  Vauquelin,  900  parts  of 
water,  50  of  animal  mucilage,  10  of  soda,  and  30 
of  calcareous  phosphate.  The  animal  matter  is 
peculiar,  and  by  some  termed  spermatin. 

Microscopic  observations  show  that  it  contains 
spermatozo'a,  or  more  properly  spermatozo'ids  ; 
for  their  animalcular  nature  is  not  demonstrated. 
They  are  produced  in  cells  —  sperm-cells  —  and 
have  probably  no  more  title  to  be  considered  ani- 
malcular, than  the  cilia  of  the  ciliated  epithelium. 
By  careful  examination,  other  minute,  round, 
granulated  bodies  may  almost  always  be  de- 
tected, which  are  in  all  cases  much  less  nume- 
rous than  the  spermatozoa.  These  bodies  are  the 
seminal  granules,  gran'xila  sem'inis.  Pure  sperm, 
in  its  most  perfect  state,  consists  principally  of 
spermatozoids  and  seminal  granules;  both  of 
which  are  enveloped  in  a  small  quantity  of  fluid, 
liquor  sem'inis,  sjjerynat'ic  liquor. 

It  has  been  imagined,  but  erroneously,  that 
during  coition  there  is  a  secretion  of  female  sperm 
— Semen  mulie'bre,  Thelyg'onum.  The  increased 
secretion  that  takes  place  is  chiefly  from  the 
glands  of  Duverney. 

Sperm  also  means  spermaceti. 
Sperm  Cell,  see  Sperm. 

SPERMA,  Sperm — s.  Mercurii,  Hydrargyrus 
acetatus. 

SPERJf A  RA^^A'RTJjr,  Sperni'ola  seu  Sperni'ohim 
seu  Sperm i'nla  seu  Spermi' olum  rana'rum.  Frog's 
spawn.     Once  used  in  medicine. 

SPERMACETI,  Cetaeeum— s.  Whale,  see  Ce- 
taceum. 

SPERMACRASIA.  Spermatorrhoja. 
SPER3IATACRASIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 
SPERMATACRATIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 


SPERMAT'IC,  Spermat'icus,  Semina'lis,  Sem'- 
inal, (F.)  Spernuitique,  from  CTrcpjia,  anipfiaTo;. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sperm.  A  name  given 
to  different  parts  connected  with  the  organs  of 
generation. 

Spermatic  Arteries,  Arterice  Spermat'icce  seu 
presparan'tes,  (F.)  Arteres  testiculaires,  A.  de 
I'ovaire  (Ch.),  are  two  in  number  —  one  on  each 
side — and  arise  from  the  sides  of  the  arota,  some- 
times from  the  renal  arteries.  They  descend, 
almost  vertically,  at  the  sides  of  the  vertebral 
column,  and  are  distributed  diflerently  in  the 
two  sexes.  In  man,  the  spermatic  artery,  situate 
at  the  side  of  the  vas  deferens,  issues  by  the  ab- 
dominal ring;  gives  numerous  ramifications  to 
the  spermatic  cord,  and  divides  into  fasciculi  of 
branches,  one  of  which  goes  to  the  testicle, — the 
other  to  the  epididymis.  In  the  female,  the 
spermatic  artery,  ova'rian  artery,  dips  into  the 
pelvis,  and  passes  to  the  ovarium.  Fallopian  tube, 
and  round  ligament. 

Spermatic  Cord,  or  Chord,  Testic'idar  Cord, 
Funic' idus  Spermatieus,  Corpus  varico'sum,  (F.) 
Cordon  spermatique  ou  testiculaire.  The  vascular 
and  nervous  chord,  by  which  the  testicle  is  sus- 
pended. It  is  composed  of  the  spermatic  artery 
and  veins  ;  of  other  small  vessels  ;  of  lymphatics ; 
of  nervous  filaments  from  the  spermatic  plexus, 
and  from  the  genito-crural  branch  of  the  lumbo- 
abdominal  plexus;  of  the  vas  deferens,  and,  very 
often,  of  a  fibro-cellular  cord,  which  unites  the 
peritoneum  to  the  upper  part  of  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis, and  in  which  encysted  hydrocele  of  the 
spermatic  cord  occurs.  All  these  parts  are  uni- 
ted together  bj'  a  very  lax,  areolar  tissue,  and 
surrounded  by  coats,  which,  reckoning  from  with- 
out, are:  —  1.  The  skin  and  areolar  inembrane. 
2.  A  fibro-celiular  membrane,  formed  by  the  fas- 
cia superficialis.  3.  A  very  thin  layer,  iurmed  by 
fibres  of  the  cremaster  muscle,  united  archwise 
before,  and  often  also  behind,  the  cord.  4.  The 
proper  sheath  of  the  spermatic  vessels,  or  the  tu- 
bular prolongation  furnished  by  the  fascia  trans- 
versalis  to  the  chord,  on  a  level  with  the  superior 
orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal.  The  spermatic 
cord  is  commonly  shorter  on  the  right  side  than 
on  the  left;  and  of  a  different  size  in  different 
individuals.  It  ascends,  almost  vertical!}',  from 
the  superior  margin  of  the  testicle  as  far  as  the 
lower  orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal ;  passes  through 
this  canal  and  enters  the  abdomen,  crossing  the 
epigastric  artery.  Here  it  forms  an  evident 
elbow,  directing  its  course  backward.  At  this 
part,  also,  the  organs  composing  it  separate  from 
each  other:  —  the  vas  deferens  descending  into 
the  pelvis  to  pass  behind  the  bladder; — the  blood- 
vessels and  lympathics  ascending  towards  the 
lumbar  region,  <fcc. 

Spermatic  Filaments,  Spermatozoa — s.  Fluid, 
Sperm. 

Spermatic  Ganglion.  A  large  ganglion, 
formed  by  branches  from  the  hypogastric  gang- 
lion, and  from  the  spermatic  plexus.  It  supplies 
the  fundus  uteri.  Besides  these  ganglia.  Dr. 
Robt.  Lee  describes  res'ical  and  vag"inal  ganglia, 
and  anterior  and  posterior  suhperilone'al  ganglia. 
and  p)lexuses,  which  communicate  with  the  pre- 
ceding, and  constitute  an  extensive  nervous  rate 
over  the  entire  uterus. 

Spermatic  Liquor,  Liquor  seminis,  see  Sperm. 

Spermatic  Passages  or  Ways,  Via  Sperma- 
tic<B,  are  the  canals  concerned  in  the  excretion 
of  semen.     See  Testicle. 

Spermatic  Plexuses  of  nerves.  Plexus  testicu- 
lares,  are  two  in  number,  and  are  furnished  by 
the  renal  plexuses.  Their  filaments,  called  Sper- 
matic nerves,  follow  the  arteries  of  the  same  name 
to  the  testicle  in  man ;  and  to  the  ovary  and  Fal- 
lopian tube  in  the  female, — ova'rian  nerves.    They 


SPERMATIN 


85  5 


SPHENOID 


cannot  be  traced  into  the  substance  of  these 
organs. 

Spermatic  Veins  are  two  or  three  in  number 
on  each  side.  They  accompany  the  spermatic 
artery,  and  open  —  those  of  the  right,  into  the 
vena  cava  inferior;  those  of  the  left,  into  the 
corresponding  renal  vein.  These  veins  form, 
above  the  testicle,  a  kind  of  venous  networli, 
called,  by  some,  the  Spermatic  Plexus ;  and  an- 
other plexus  before  the  psoas  muscles,  called  the 
Corpus  pampiniforme. 

SPERMATIN,  see  Sperm. 

SPERMATIS'MUS,  Emis'sio  sem'ims,  from 
cTTZfua,  aTtepjxaToi,  'sperm.'  The  emission  of  sperm. 
Sperma'tism  or  Animal'cuUsrn  is  the  doctrine, 
which  maintains  that  the  embryo  is  produced  by 
the,  so  called,  spermatic  animalcules. 

SPERMATIST,  Animalculist. 

SPERMATOCOCCr,  Spermatozoa. 

SPERMATOCE'LE,  Hernia  semina'lia  scroti, 
Oscheoce'le  semina'lis,  Gonoce'le,  from  antpfia, 
aveptiaTos,  'sperm,'  and  (ci?^)?)  'ft  tumour.'  The 
ancients  gave  this  name  to  certain  swellings  of 
the  testicle  which  were  regarded  as  produced  by 
an  accumulation  of  sperm  in  the  organ.  Also, 
varicocele. 

SPERMATOCLEMMA,  see  Pollution. 

SPBRMATOCLEPSIS,  see  Pollution. 

SPERMATOCYSTIDORRHAG"IA,  Caulor- 
rhag"ia  ejaculato'ria,  Hamatn' rin  ejaculato'ria 
seu  semina'lis,  from  a-acpjia,  (nrtpnaTOi,  '  sperm,' 
KvtxTii,  'bladder,'  and  payri,  'a  breaking  forth.' 
A  discharge  of  blood  from  the  urethra,  or  the  act 
of  ejaculation  of  sperm. 

SPERMATODES,  Gonoides. 

SPERMATOGON'IA,  S^yermogoii'ia,  Sperma- 
topoe'a,  Sperinatopoe'sis,  Spermi'um,  from  atnpua, 
a-nepjiaTog,  '  sperm,'  and  yevvaw,  '  to  beget.'  The 
preparation  or  secretion  of  sperm. 

SPERMATOID,  Gonoides. 

SPERMATOLEPSIS,  see  Pollution. 

SPERMATOLIPSIS,  see  Pollution. 

SPERMATOL'OGY,  Spermatoloy"  ia,  from 
cTTspua,  aTTcpfiarog,  'sperm,'  and  \oyos,  'a  discourse.' 
A  treatise  on  sperm. 

SPERMATOPH'OROUS,  Seminiferous,  from 
aircpixa,  antpfj.aTog,  'sperm,'  and  <ptpoi,  'I  carry.' 
Sperm-bearing.  The  cells  or  granules  in  the 
sperm  have  been  so  called. 

SPERMATOPOEA,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMATOPOESIS,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMATOPOETIC,  Spermatopoeus. 

SPERMATOPCE'US,  Spermatopoet'icns,  Sper- 
matopoel'ic,  Gonepoe'us,  Gonepoet'icus,  Gonopoet'- 
icus,  from  avtpiia,  antpnaTog,  'sperm,'  and  -roiuv, 
'  to  make.'  Food,  to  which  has  been  attributed 
the  property  of  augmenting  the  secretion  of  se- 
men ;  and,  consequently,  of  e.xciting  the  venereal 
act.  Very  succulent  and  very  nutritious  sub- 
stances have  been  so  considered. 

SPERMATORRHQE'A,  Spermorrlve'a,  Sper- 
macra'sia,  Spermatoze'm.ia,  Spermatacra' sia,  Go- 
nacra'sia,  Gonacrati'a,  Gonoze'mia,  Spermata- 
crafi'a,  Gonorrhce'a  vera,  (F.)  Flux  de  Sperme, 
Pollutions,  Pertes  seminales  ;  from  ai^cpjia,  cucpjia- 
Tog,  'sperm,'  and  pew,  'I  flow.'  An  emission  of 
sperm,  without  copulation.  See  GonorrhcBa,  and 
Pollution. 

Spermatobrhcea  Atonica,  Gonorrhoea  laxo- 
rum. 

SPERMATOS'CHESIS,  from  <T>7£p^a,  (r^Epixarog, 
'sperm,'  and  ax^f^s,  'retention.'  Retention  or 
suppression  of  the  spermatic  secretion. 

SPERMATOZEMIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERMATOZO'A,  Zoosper'mata,  from  avepixa, 
(TTTepixaTog,  'sperm,'  and  ^wov,  'animal.'  Jln/- 
mal'cula  semina'lia  seu  spermat'ica,  Filn  sper- 
mat'ica,  Corpuscula  sem'inis,  spermatococ'ci,  Ver- 


mic'xdi  sj)ermat'iei,  Spermatozo'ida,  Sem'inul  or 
spermatic  fil'aments,  Spermatic  or  seminal  ani- 
mal'cules  [?],  (F.)  Zoosptermes,  Spermatozoiiires 
Reputed  animalcules  seen  in  the  sperm  ;  by  most, 
physiologists  supposed  to  be  the  formative  agents 
in  generation.     See  Sperm. 

SPEIUIATOZOAIRES,  Spermatozoa. 

SPERMATOZOIDS,  Spermatozoa. 

SPERMIOLUM  RANARUM,  Sperma  rana- 
rum. 

SPERMIUM,  Sperm,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMOBOLE,  see  Ejaculation,  Spermatis- 
mus. 

SPERMOEDIA  CLAVUS,  Ergot. 

SPERMOGONIA,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMORRIKEA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERNIOLUM  RANARUM,  Sperma  rana- 
rum. 

SPEWING,  Vomiting. 

SPHACELATED,  Sphacelu'tus,  (F.)  Spha- 
cele.  Struck  "with  sphacelus. 

SPHACELATION,  Mortification. 

SPHACELE,  Sphacelus  — 8.  de  la  Pouche, 
Cancer  aquatieus. 

SPHACELIA  SEGETUM,  see  Ergot. 

SPHACELISMUS,  Sphacelus  —  s.  Cerebri, 
Phrenitis. 

SPHACELUS,  ai^aKsXog,  Gangrce'nn  SpTiace- 
lus,  Sphacelis'mus,  Cold  mortification,  (F.)  Spiha- 
cele,  Gangrene  froide,  from  a<pa^u),  'I  slay.'  This 
word  is  used,  by  some,  synonymously  with  gan- 
grene ;  by  others,  with  gangrene  when  it  occu- 
pies the  whole  substance  of  a  limb.  Commonly, 
it  means  the  disorganized  portion,  in  cases  of 
mortification,  anthraconecro'sis,  which  must  be 
thrown  off,  —  or  is,  in  other  words,  totally  dead. 
The  foul  disorganized  portion  of  an  ulcer — called 
the  slough  —  must  be  considered  a  kind  of  spha- 
celus. 

Sphacelus  was  formerly  used  to  denote  exces- 
sive pain  ;  and  for  agitation  from  excessive  pain, 
or  violent  emotion. 

Sphacelus  Ceuealis,  Ergotism  —  s.  Nosoco- 
mialis,  Hospital  gangrene. 

SPH^RA,  Pila—  s.  Marina,  Pila  marina  — s. 
Thalassia,  Pila  marina. 

SPH^RANTHUS  INDICUS,  Adaca. 

SPH^'RIA  SINEN'SIS,  (a<pacpa,  'a  globe,') 
Ifia  Tsao  Tom  Tchom,  Hin  Tsao  Tong  Tchong, 
Totsn  Kaso,  Summer  plant  lointer  worm.  A  fungus 
which  projects  from  the  neck  of  a  lepidopterous 
insect.  It  is  highly  esteemed  by  the  Chinese 
as  a  tonic,  like  ginseng. 

SPH^RIDION,  Pilula 

SPH^RION,  Globule,  Pilula. 

SPH^ROCEPHALA  ELATIOR,  Echinops. 

SPH^ROCOCCUS  CRISPUS,  Fucus  crispus 
— s.  Helminthochortus,  Corallina  Corsicana  —  s. 
Lichenoides,  Fucus  amylaceus. 

SPH^RULA  GALENI,  Pilula. 

Sphterdl^  Sanguinis,  Globules  of  the  blood. 

SPHAGE,  Throat. 

SPHENDONE,  Funda. 

SPHENO,  in  the  composition  of  anatomical 
terms,  usually  means,  belonging  or  relating  to 
the  sphenoid  bone. 

SPHENOCEPHA'LIA,  from  a(pr,v,  'a  wedge,' 
and  KetpaXri,  '  head.'  Monstrosity,  in  which  the 
head  is  wedge  shaped,  owing  to  the  projection 
of  the  anterior  fontanel  region. 

SPHENO-EPINEUSE,  {Arth-e,)  Meningeal 
artery,  middle. 

SPHENOID,  SphenoVdes,  Spheno'des,  Sphc 
noideus,  S/jheno'ida'lis,  (F.)  Spliinoide,  from 
a(jjr]v,  '  a  wedge,'  and  uiog, '  resemblance.'  Wedge- 
shaped.     Hence, 

Sphenoid  Bone,  Sphenoules  os,  Os  hasila're 
seu  cuneifor'me  seu  cu'neo  compara'tum  seu  sphe- 


SPHENOIDAL 


856 


SPHINCTEE 


i.oida'le  seu  multifor'me  seu  az'ygos  seu  papilla'- 
re  sen  polyjnor'jihon  seu.  paxilla're  seu  haxiUa're 
seu  alcpftir'me  seu  spTiecoV deiim  seu  vespifor'me 
seu  incoiijiiga'tum  seu  pterygo'ideum  seu  ala'tum 
seu  ciilaio'ru,  Pter'ygoid  hone.  An  azj'gous  bone, 
situate  on  the  median  line,  and  at  the  base  of  the 
cranium.  It  articulates  with  all  the  other  bones 
of  that  cavity ;  supports  them,  and  strengthens 
their  union.  Its  form  is  singular,  and  resembles 
a  bat  with  its  wings  extended.  It  has,  1.  An 
inferior  or  guttural  surface,  on  which  is  situate 
the  crista,  that  joins  the  vomer;  a  channel,  which 
concurs  in  forming  the  pterygo-palatine  foramen  ; 
the  pterygoid  process;  the  pterygoid  fossa;  the 
scaphoid  depression ;  the  Vidian  or  pterygoid 
canal;  the  foramina  —  ovale,  spinale,  &c.  2.  A 
miperior  or  cerehral  surface,  on  which  are:  — the 
clinoid  processes;  the  pituitary  fossa ;  the  fora- 
mina {ovale,  rotundum,  and  spinale)  ;  the  Apo- 
physis of  Ingrassias  or  lesser  icing ;  the  foramen 
opticum,  ifcc.  3.  An  occipital  or  2iosterior  surface, 
which  is  articulated  with  the  basilary  process  of 
the  occipital  bone.  4.  An  anterior  or  orbifar 
nasal  surface ;  having,  anteriorly,  a  crista  to 
unite  with  the  ethmoid  bone  ;  and,  on  each  side, 
a  round  aperture,  which  leads  into  two  cavities 
in  the  substance  of  the  bone,  separated  by  a 
middle  septum,  and  called  the  sphenoidcd  sinuses. 
5.  Two  zygomato-temporal  or  external  surfaces, 
which  correspond  to  the  temporal  and  zygomatic 
fossae. 

Some  divide  the  sphenoid  into  body  or  middle 
portion  ;  and  alcB,  which  are  four  in  number,  and 
are  subdivided  into  great  (Temporal  Plates  or 
Wings,  Al(B  magna)  and  little  (A23ophyaes  of  In- 
grassias, Al(B  mino'res.  Processus  ensiform'es). 
The  Sphenoid  suture  surrounds  the  bone. 
Sphenoid,  Spinous  Process  of  the.  Sphenoid 
spine. 

SPHENOID'AL,  Sphenoida'lis.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Sphenoidal  Cor'nua,  Cor'nua  Spheno'ida'lia, 
(F.)  Cornets  spheno'idaux  ou  de  Bertin,  Osselets 
de  Bertin,  Ossic'nla  Berti'ni,  Ossa  triangula'ria, 
Pyr'amids  of  Wistar.  Two  small,  thin,  and 
curved  bones,  situate  between  the  sphenoid  and 
ethmoid,  with  which  they  are  confounded  in  the 
adult.  They  have  the  shape  of  a  hollow  pyramid, 
with  the  base  turned  backwards ;  and  are  deve- 
loped by  a  single  point  of  ossification.  They  are 
articulated  with  the  sphenoid,  ethmoid,  palate 
bone,  and  vomer. 

Sphenoidal  or  Supe'rtor  Or'bitart  Fissure, 
Fora'men  lac"ernm  snpe'rius,  (F.)  Fente  S2}heno'i- 
dale,  is  a  large  fissure,  situate  between  the  great 
and  little  ala  of  the  sphenoid.  It  is  seen  at  the 
upper  and  back  part  of  the  orbit  between  which 
and  the  cranium  it  is  a  means  of  communication, 
and  transmits  the  third,  fourth,  and  sixth  pair  of 
nerves,  and  the  first  branch  of  the  fifth  pair,  to 
the  eye  and  its  appendages. 

Sphenoidal  Spine,  Spina  seu  Crista  sphenoi- 
da'lis, (F.)  £pine  sphenoidale.  Spinous  Process 
of  the  Sphenoid  : — 1.  A  projecting  crista  at  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  sphenoid-bone,  for  articu- 
lation with  the  vomer.  2.  A  triangular  process, 
Apophyse  sous-temporale  (Ch.),  met  with  near  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  same  bone,  behind  the 
foramen  spinale.  At  the  point  of  the  spinous 
process,  a  styloid  process  is  frequently  met  with. 
SPHENOIDES,  Cuneiform,  Sphenoid— s.  Os, 
Sphenoid  bone. 

SPIIENOMAX'ILLART,  Spheno-maxilla' ris. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sphenoid  and  maxillary 
bones. 

Sphenomaxillary  Fissure,  Inferior  or'bitar 
Fissure,  (F.)  Fente  spheno-maxillaire  ou  orbitaire 
inferieure ;  called,  also,  Fora'men  lac"erum  in- 
fe'rius   seu   spheno-maxilla' re,  is  situate  at  the 


posterior  part  of  the  angle  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  internal  and  inferior  parietes  of  the  orbit. 
It  is  constituted,  above,  by  the  sphenoid  bone; 
below,  by  the  superior  maxillary  and  palate 
bones  ;  and,  before,  by  the  malar  bone.  It  is  nar- 
rower at  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities,  and 
forms  a  communication  between  the  orbitar  cavity 
and  the  zygomatic  fossa. 

Sphenoiiaxillary  Fossa  is  a  name  given  by 
some  anatomists,  to  a  depression  at  the  union  of 
the  sphenomaxillary  and  pterygomaxillary  fis- 
sures. 

SPHENO-OR'BITAR.  A  name  given  by  Be- 
clard  to  the  anterior  part  of  the  body  of  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  which  is  developed  by  a  variable  num- 
ber of  points  of  ossification. 

SPHEXOPAL'ATINE,  Sphenopalnti'nus. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sphenoid  and  palate 
bones. 

Sphenopalatine  Artery,  Large  lateral  nasal 
A.,  is  the  termination  of  the  internal  maxillary. 
It  enters  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  superior 
meatus  of  the  nose,  through  the  spheno-palatine 
foramen,  and  spreads  its  numerous  branches  on 
the  pituitary  membrane  covering  the  sejitum,  the 
cornua,  and  the  meatus. 

Sphenopalatine  Fora'jien  is  a  round  aper- 
ture, formed  by  the  vertical  portion  of  the  os  pa- 
lati  and  the  sphenoid.  It  establishes  a  commu- 
nication between  the  nasal  fossa  and  the  zygo- 
matic fossa. 

Sphenopalatine  Ganglion,  Ganglion  of  Mec- 
kel,  Sphenoid'al  G.  (Ch.)  A  small,  nervous,  cor- 
diform,  or  triangular  ganglion,  of  variable  size, 
situate  without  the  foramen  sphEeno-palatinum, 
in  the  pterygomaxillary  fissure.  It  seems  sus- 
pended by  several  nervous  filaments  to  the  trunk 
of  the  superior  maxillary  nerve,  and  gives  off 
internal  or  S2ohlenopalatine  filaments,  inferior  or 
2}alatine  filaments,  and  a.  2}osterior  filament,  which 
is  the  Vidian  or  pterygoid  nerve. 

Sphenopalatine  Nerves, ia«'eraZ»iasa?jier«e», 
arise  from  the  ganglion — just  described  —  at  its 
inner  part,  and  enter  the  nasal  fossas  by  the  sphe- 
nopalatine foramen.  They  are  five  or  six  in  num- 
ber, and  distribute  their  filaments  to  the  outer 
and  inner  parietes  of  the  nasal  fossas.  One  of 
the  most  remarkable  branches  is  the  Kaso-2Jala- 
tine. 

SPHENOPALATINUS,  Levator  palati. 

SPHENOPARI'ETAL,  S2yheno  -imrieta'lis. 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  sphenoid 
and  parietal  bones. 

Sphenoparietal  Suture  is  formed  by  the  ar- 
ticulation of  the  extremity  of  the  greater  ala  of 
the  sphenoid  with  the  anterior  and  inferior  angle 
of  the  parietal  bone. 

SPHENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS,  Cireum- 
flexus — s.  Salpingostaphylinus,  Circumflesus — s. 
Salpinrjo-mallien,  Laxator  tympani. 

SPHENOSIS,  see  Wedged. 

SPHEXOSTAPHYLINUS,  Levator  palati. 

SPHEXOTEMP'ORAL,  Spheno-tempora'lis. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  sphenoid  and  temporal 
bones. 

Sphenotejiporal  Suture  is  the  suture  at  the 
articulation  of  the  great  alte  of  the  sphenoid  bone 
with  the  squamous  portion  of  the  temporal.  Be- 
clard  gives  the  name  sjjhenotemporcd  to  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  body  of  the  sphenoid,  which  is 
developed  by  distinct  points  of  ossification. 

SPHEX,  Wasp. 

SPHINCTER,  c4>iyKTr,p,  Constric'tor,  Mnsc'ulua 
constricto'rius,  from  a<piyyui,  '  I  constrict.'  A  name 
given  to  several  annular  muscles,  which  constrict 
or  close  certain  natural  openings. 

Sphincter  Ani,  Anmda'ris  Ani.  Many  ana- 
tomists have  described  two  sphincter  muscles  of 
the  anus  : — 1.  The  S.  exter'mts  seu  cuta'neus.  As- 


SPHONDYLIUM 


857 


SPINA 


pidis'coa,  Ooecyffio-cutaiie-spliincter,  Orbicula'ris 
Recti,  Constric'tor  Aiii,  Coccygio-aiial,  (Ch.)  It 
is  situate  around  the  anus;  is  elliptical  from  be- 
fore to  behind;  flattened,  and  pierced  at  its  mid- 
dle. Its  fibres  describe  concentric  arcs,  which 
are  attached,  behind,  to  the  extremity  of  the  coc- 
cyx, by  a  dense,  areolar  substance  ;  and  are  con- 
founded, anteriorly,  with  the  bulbo-cavernosi  and 
transversi  perinaei  muscles.  This  muscle  con- 
tracts and  closes  the  anus.  2.  The  inner  or  in- 
ternal Sphincter  Ani,  Sphincter  intestina'lis  of 
Winslow,  is  by  many  anatomists  considered  as 
the  termination  of  the  circular  fibres  of  the  rec- 
tum. It  is  annular,  and  situate  around  the  infe- 
rior extremity  of  the  rectum,  to  the  extent  of 
about  a  finger's  breadth.  It  has  the  same  uses 
as  the  other. 

Sphincter  Gul^,  Constrictores  pharj'ngis  — 
s.  Ilei,  Bauhin,  valve  of — s.  Intestinalis,  Sphinc- 
ter ani  internus — s.  Labiorum,  Orbicularis  oris — 
s.  Oculi,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum — s.  Palpebra- 
rum, Orbicularis  palpebrarum  —  s.  Pylori,  see 
Pylorus  —  s.  Vaginaj,  Constrictores  cunni  —  s. 
Ventriculi,  Pylorus. 

Sphincter  Vesi'CjE,  Sphincter  of  the  bladder. 
Some  anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  whitish, 
elastic,  and  circular  fibres,  which  surround  the 
neck  of  the  bladder,  but  do  not  constitute  a  par- 
ticular muscle.  Morgagni  has  given  the  name 
Psecdo-Sphincter  to  the  anterior  fibres  of  the 
levator  ani,  which  pass  beneath  the  neck  of  the 
bladder,  and,  by  their  contraction,  close  that 
opening.     See  Compressor  urethra;. 

SPHONDYLIUM,  Heraeleum  spondylium. 

SPHONGUS,  Fungus,  Spongia. 

SPHRAGIDONYCHARGOCOME'TA,  from 
(7i/>f)ayif,  'a  seal,'  oid|,  oi'ii;^of,  'a  nail,'  apyos, 
'white,' or  perhaps  apyvpog,  '  silver,' and  Koiiew, 
'1  adorn.'  A  charlatan  who  adorned  his  fingers 
to  the  very  nails  with  rings. — Aristophanes,  Hip- 
pocrates. 

SPHYGMA,  Pulse. 

SPHYGMIC,  Sphyy'micns,  (F.)  SpJiyr/miqne, 
from  a(j)vynos,  '  pulse.'  Relating  to  the  pulse  :  — 
pulsatory. 

Sphygmic  Art,  Ars  Sphyg'miea.  The  art  of 
judging  by  the  pulse,  in  health  or  disease. 

Sphygmica  Doctrina,  Sphygmologia. 

SPHYGMICUS,  Throbbing. 

SPHYGMOCEPHALUS,  Crotaphe. 

SPHYGMODES,  Throbbing. 

SPHYGMOLEGIUM,  Pulsilegium. 

SPHYG'MOGRAPH;  from  a^vyjio?,  'the 
pulse,'  and  ypatpu),  'I  describe.'  An  instrument 
which,  when  applied  over  an  artery,  indicates  the 
character  of  the  pulse  as  to  force  and  extent  of 
undulations. — Vierordt. 

SPHYGMOLOG"IA,  SphycpnoVogy,  Sphyg'- 
mica  Doctri'na,  Ars  Spihyg'iniea,  from  a^vyjioq, 
'  the  pulse,'  and  \oyoi,  '  a  description.'  The  doc- 
trine of  the  pulse. 

SPHYGMOMETER,  Pulsilegium. 

SPHYGMOS,  Pulsation,  Pulse. 

SPHYGMOSCOPIUM,  Pulsilegium. 

SPHYRA,  Malleolus. 

SPHYXIS,  Pulsation. 

SPIC,  Lavandula  Spiea. 

SPEC  A,  Faa'cia  repens,  Spica  bandage, 
(F.)  Japi.  A  bandage  so  called  in  consequence 
<if  its  somewhat  resembling  a  spike  of  barley. 
The  turns  of  the  bandage  cross  like  the  letter  V ; 
—  each  leaving  a  third  of  the  roller  uncovered. 
It  is  distinguished  into  ascending  and  descending. 
It  may  be  applied  over  various  parts  of  the  body, 
and  in  a  diiferent  manner  in  each  case:  thus, 
there  is  the  S^yica  seu  Fascia  ingnlnn'lis,  Spica 
inguina'lis  diqilex,  the  spica  for  the  shoulder, 
and  another  for  the  thumb. 

Spica,  Lavandula  Spica — s.  Alpina,  Valeriana 


Celtica — s.  Celtica,  Valeriana  Celtica— s.  Indlca, 
Nardus  Indica  —  s.  Nardi,  Nardus  Indica. 

SPICEBERRY,  Gaultheria,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

SPICEBUSH,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

SPICES.  FOUR,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

SPICEWOOD,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

SPICILLUM,  Specillum. 

SPIDER,  see  Aranese  tela. 

SPIDERWORT,  Liliago,  Tradescantia  Vir- 
ginica. 

SPIGELIA,  S.  Marilandica. 

Spige'lia  Anthel'mia,  Bemera'ra  Pinkroot,  a 
native  of  South  America  and  the  West  India 
Islands,  has  properties  like  the 

Spige'lia Marilan'dica,  S.  Lonic"€ra,  AnthcF- 
mia,  Lonic"era  Marilan'dica,  Peren'nial  Worm- 
grass  or  Indian  Pink,  Caroli'na  Pink,  Starbloom, 
Wormroot.  Nat.  Ord.  Gentianacese.  Class, 
Pentandria.  Orrfer,  Monogj'nia.  Indigenous.  The 
root — Spigelia  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Pinkroot — is  celebrated 
as  an  anthelmintic,  pa-rticularly  in  cases  of  lum- 
brici. 

It  is,  also,  asserted  to  have  been  found  service- 
able .in  remittent  fever.  It  is  a  narcotieo-acrid. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  ,^ss. 

SPIGNEL,  iEthusa  meum. 

SPIKENARD,  Conyza  squarrosa,  Nardus  In- 
dica—  s.  American,  Aralia  racemosa  — s.  False, 
Smalacina  racemosa — s.  Small,  Aralia  nudicaulis 

—  s.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 

SPILANTHES  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  ae- 
mella. 

SPILAN'THUS  ACMEL'LA,  S.  cilia'ta  seu 
Jinibria'ta,  Spilan'thes  acmel'la,  from  <T7nXog,  'a 
spot,'  and  avSoi,  'a  flower,'  owing  to  its  dotted  or 
speckled  flower,  Bidens  acmella,  Achmella,  At- 
mella,  A.  Mauritiana,  Verbesi'na  acmella,  Balm- 
leaved  Spilanthus.  Ord.  Campositse.  Sex.  Syst, 
Syngenesia  Polygamia  aequalis.  This  plant  pos- 
sesses a  glutinous,  bitter  taste,  and  fragrant  smell. 
The  herb  and  seed  are  said  to  be  diuretic  and  em- 
menagogue.  They  have  been  used  in  dropsies, 
jaundice,  fluor  albus,  and  calculous  complaints; 
given  in  infusion. 

Spilanthus,  Balji-leaved,  Spilanthus  acmel- 
la—  s.  Ciliata,  S.  acmella  —  s.  Fimbriata,  S.  ac- 
mella. 

Spilanth'us  Olera'ceus,  Spear-leaved  Spi- 
lanthus, {¥.)  Cresson  de  Para.  A  tincture  of  the 
plant  has  been  recommended  in  toothach. 

SPILI,  see  Nsevus. 

SPILOMA,  see  N^vus. 

SPILOSIS,  Epichrosis  — s.  Ephelis,  Ephelides 

—  s.  Poliosis,  Poliosis. 

SPILSBURY'S  ANTISCORBUTIC  DROPS. 
An  empirical  preparation,  formed  of  hydra rg, 
oxymnr.,  rad.  gentian.,  cort.  aurant.  sice,  aa  J'j  > 
antimon.  crud.,  sanfal.  ritbr,  aa  ^j  ;  spyiritus  vini 
recti/.,  aqucB,  aa  §viij. 

SPINA,  'a  thorn  ;'  Spine,  (F.)  JEpine.  A  pro- 
cess on  the  surface  of  a  bone,  which  has  been 
compared  to  the  spines  or  thorns  on  certain  vege- 
tables. The  chief  processes  of  this  name  are  : — 
the  nasal  spine,  the  spine  of  the  scapxdci,  the  spine 
of  the  ischium,  the  four  iliac  spines,  the  pialatine 
spine,  the  maxillary ,  the  sphenoid,  &c.  The  spine 
of  the  back  is  the  collection  of  vertebras  constitu- 
ting the  vertebral  column. 

Spina,  Penis — s.  Aeida,  Oxyaeantha  Galeni-- 
s.  jEgyptiaca,  see  Acaciaj  gummi  —  s.  Alba, 
Carduus  marianus,  Mespilus  oxycantha,  Ono- 
pordum  aeanthium  —  s.  Bifida,  Ilydrorachis  — 
s.  Cervinn,  Pthamnus  —  s.  Domestica,  Rhamnus 
■ — s.  Dorsi,  Vertebral  column,  see  Nasus — s.  Dorsi 
introrsum  Flcxa,  Lordosis  —  s.  Ferrea,  Pin  —  s. 
Helmontii,  Aig'nillon  —  s.  Hirci,  Astragalus  verus 
— s.  Infecloria,  Rhamnus — s.  Nodosa,  Rachitis — 
s.  Sphenoidalis,  Sphenoidal  spine. 

Spina   Vento'sA,    Spinw    ventos'itas,    Tere'dot 


SPINACH 


858 


SPIR^   CEEEBRI 


Ostarthroc'ace,  Fimyus  seu  Tumor  fnngo'sns  ar- 
tic'uli,  Lu'pia  jimctu'rm,  Hyperspon'gia,  Flatus 
spiiicB,  Arthroc'ace,  Pcedarthroc'ace,  Sidera'tio 
Onsiss,  Cancer  seu  Gangra'na  Ossis,  £j:osto'sis, 
White  /Swelling  (of  some).  A  term  of  no  definite 
meaning,  as  is  olavious  from  tbese  various  words 
having  been  considered  its  synonymes.  By  some, 
it  is  defined  to  be  —  a  disease  of  the  osseous  sys- 
tem, in  which  the  texture  of  the  bone  dilates, 
seeming  to  be  distended  with  air,  and  constitu- 
ting a  variety  of  osteo-sareoma.  By  others,  it  is 
considered  to  be  a  tumour  arising  from  an  internal 
caries  of  a  bone  ;  occurring  most  frequently  in  the 
carpus  or  tarsus.  The  term  itself  is  a  translation 
from  the  Arabic  of  Rhazes.  See,  also,  Hydrar- 
thrus,  and  Mollities  Ossium. 

Spina  Vertebralis,  Vertebral  column. 
SPINACH,  Spinacia. 
SPINACHIA,  Spinacia. 

SPIN"A'CIA,  Spina'chia,  Spina'cia  olera'cea, 
Spin'age,  Spinach,  (F.)  Epinard.  Ord.  Cheno- 
podiacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Pentandria.  A 
plant  which  resembles  the  cabbage  in  its  dietetic 
powers.  The  leaves  boiled,  with  the  addition  of 
oil,  form  a  good  emollient  cataplasm.  It  has 
been  used  in  phthisical  complaints ;  but  its  medi- 
cinal properties,  if  it  have  any,  are  not  now  re- 
garded. 

Spinacia  Oleracea,  Spinacia. 
SPIN^,    Spinous    processes  —  s.    Ventositas, 
Spina  ventosa. 

SPINAGE,  Spinacia. 

SPINAL,  Spina'lis,  Spino'sus,  Spina'tiis,  Ita- 
chid'ian,  (F.)  Epiniere,  Sachidien,  from  spina, 
'the  spine.'  That  which  relates  to  the  vertebral 
column. 

Spinal  Auteries,  ^ArtericB  spinales,  are  two  in 
number,  viz  :  1.  The  posterior  spinal,  Artere  me- 
diane  posterieure  dv  Rachis,  (Ch.)  It  arises  from 
the  vertebral,  near  the  corpora  pyramidalia,  and 
descends  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  spinal 
marrow,  distributing  its  ramifications  to  it.  2. 
The  anterior  spinal  artery,  A.  rnediane  anterieure, 
(Ch.,)  is  larger  than  the  last,  and  arises,  also,  from 
the  vertebral.  It  descends,  in  a  serpentine  man- 
ner, upon  the  anterior  surface  of  the  marrow  ; 
furnishes  ramusculi  to  it,  and  unites  with  that  of 
the  opposite  side,  opposite  the  foramen  magnum 
occipitis.  A  very  tortuous  branch  arises  from 
this  union,  which  descends  as  far  as  the  inferior 
extremity  of  the  marrow,  to  which  it  sends  nume- 
rous divisions. 

The  term  Sjnnal  Arteries  or  RacMdian  Arte- 
ries is  also  given,  in  the  abstract,  to  all  the  arte- 
ries of  the  spinal  marrow  and  vertebral  canal. 
The  same  may  be  said  of  the  veins  and  nerves. 
Spinal  Cord,  Medulla  spinalis. 
Spinal  Foram'ina,  (F.)  Trous  rachidiens,  in 
the  abstract,  are  the  foramina  formed  by  every 
two  contiguous  vertebrse,  through  which  the  spi- 
nal nerves  issue.  See  Vertebral.  The  term  Fo- 
ra'men  Spina'le  seu  8p)ino'sum  is  especially  ap- 
plied, however,  to  a  small  foramen,  in  front  of  the 
spinous  process  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  through 
which  the  middle  artery  of  the  dura  mater  enters 
the  cranium.  It  is,  likewise,  called  Foramen 
spheno-spino'sum,  (F.)  Trou  Spheno-ejnneux  ou 
petit  rond,   Trou  ejnneux. 

Spinal  G-anglion,  see  Encephalon. 
Spinal  Irrita'tion,  Rhachialgi'tis,  Rhachial'- 
gia,  Neural'gia  spina'lis,  Notal'gia.  A  modern 
pathological  view,  which  refers  most  nervous  dis- 
eases to  irritation  of  the  spinal  cord.  This  irri- 
tation is  presumed  to  be  indicated  by  tenderness 
on  pressure  over  the  spinous  process  of  one  or 
more  vertebrae,  or  over  the  nerves  proceeding 
from  the  cord  and  distributed  to  the  parts  at  the 
Bides  of  the  spine.     Such  tenderness,  however, 


by  no  means  indicates  the  pathological  condition 
in  question,  as  it  is  often  met  with  in  those  en- 
joying perfect  health.  The  treatment  advised  is 
cupping  and  counter-irritation  on  each  side  of 
the  spine,  which  may  be  beneficial  in  such  dis- 
eases, no  matter  what  part  of  the  frame  may  be 
in  a  morbid  state,  by  exciting  a  new  and  revel- 
lent  impression  on  a  very  sensible  portion  of  the 
cutaneous  surface. 

Spinal  Nerve,  Ac'cessory  of  the  Par  vagum  or 
itli  pair,  Accessory  nerve  of  Willis,  Spinal  Acces- 
sory, Supierior  res'piratory  iV,  Eleventh  pair  of  en- 
cephalic nerves,  (F.)  Spino-cranio-trapezien,  Tra- 
ehelo-dorsal  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  medulla  spi- 
nalis, within  the  vertebral  canal,  between  the  an- 
terior and  posterior  roots  of  the  cervical  nerves, 
at  a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the  cranium. 
The  roots  unite  to  form  the  nerve,  which  ascends 
into  the  cranium  through  the  foramen  magnum 
of  the  occipital  bone,  and  issues  by  the  foramen 
lacerum  posterius,  crossing  the  sterno-cleido-mas- 
toideus,  to  which  it  gives  filaments,  and  losing 
itself  entirely  on  the  trapezius  muscle.  The  pneu- 
mogastric  and  spinal  accessory  nerves  together — 
nervus  vagus  cum  accesso'rio — resemble  the  spinal 
nerves;  the  former,  with  its  ganglion,  being  the 
posterior  root;  the  latter,  the  anterior. 

Spinal  Nerves,  Vertebral  nerves  —  s.  Prolon- 
gation, Medulla  spinalis. 

Spinal  System  of  Nerves,  see  Nerves. 

SPINALES  COLLI  MINORBS,  Interspinales 
colli  —  s.  et  Transversales  lumborum,  Transver- 
salis  dorsi. 

SPINALIS  CBRVICIS,  Semi-spinalis  colli  — 
s.  Colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli. 

Spinalis  Dorsi,  Spinalis  Dorsi  major,  (F.) 
Grand  epineux  d}t  dos.  Winslow  calls  thus  some 
fleshy  fasciculi,  which  are  situate  on  the  lateral  sur- 
faces of  the  spinous  processes;  from  the  third  dorsal 
vertebra  to  the  first  or  second  lumbar :  and  which 
form  part  of  the  transverso-spinalis  of  most  au- 
thors. The  same  anatomist  calls — Spina'lis  Dorsi 
minor.  Petit  epineux  du  dos — some  small,  lleshy 
fibres,  situate  on  each  side  of  the  interspinal  liga- 
ment. They  are  short,  flat,  and  pass  from  one 
spinous  process  to  the  other.  Like  the  preceding, 
they  form  part  of  the  transverso-spinalis.  All 
these  fleshy  fasciculi  strengthen  the  vertebral 
column. 

SPINATT,  Interspinales  colli. 

SPINATUS,  Spinal. 

SPINDLE  TREE,  Euonymus  Amerieanus. 

SPINE,  Vertebral  column  —  s.  Curvature  of 
the,  Gibbositas — s.  Htemal,  Sternum  —  s.  Neural, 
Spinous  process. 

SPINGEL,  Anethum. 

SPINI-AXOIDO-OCCIPITALIS,  Rectus  ca- 
pitis posticus  major — s.  Axo'ido-tracheli-atlo'idien, 
Obliquus  inferior  capitis. 

SPINITIS,  Myelitis. 

SPINNICK,  Nanus. 

SPINO-DORSITIS,  Myelitis. 

SPINOLA,  see  Hydrorachis. 

SPINOSUS,  Spinal. 

SPINOUS,  Spino'sus,  (F.)  Epineux,  from 
spina,  'a  thorn.'  Having  the  shape  of  a  spine 
or  thorn. 

Spinous  Proo"esses  or  Apoph'yses  of  the 
Ver'tebrcB,  Acan'thcB,  SpincB,  Cynol'ophoi,  Neural 
Spines  of  Mr.  Owen,  (F.)  Ajyophyses  ^pineuses, 
are  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  each  vertebra, 
and  afford  attachment  to  the  muscles,  whose  oflBce 
it  is  to  extend  the  spine.     See  Vertebra. 

SPINTHEROPIA,  Confusio. 

SPINULA,  Pin. 

SPIRAC'ULA,  (F.)  Spiracules,  from  spiro,  T 
breathe,'  'Breathing-holes.'  Respiratory  pores 
of  the  skin. 

SPIRiE  CEREBRI,  Convolutions,  cerebral. 


SPIR^A  DENUDx\.TA 


859 


SPIRIT 


SPIRiEA  DENUDATA,  S.  ulmaria. 

Spir-e'a  Filipen'dula,  FiUpendnla,  Saxif- 
raga  rubra,  Dropwort,  (F.)  Filipendide.  Ord. 
Rosaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Pentagynia. 
The  root  of  this  plant  is  said  to  possess  astringent 
and  lithontriptic  virtues. 

Spir^A  Loba'ta,  S.  Palma'ta,  Queen  of  the 
Prairie,  American  Meadowsweet.  An  oil,  resem- 
bling oleum  gaultheriae,  is  obtained  from  the  roots 
and  stems. 

Spir^A  Opulifo'lia,  Opidns-leaved  Spircea, 
Nine  Baric,  has  similar  properties. 

Spir^a  Palmata,  S.  lobata. 

SpiRvEA  Tomentosa,  Hardhaek,  Bed  meadow- 
stceet,  Steeple  bush,  liosy  bush,  White  leaf.  The 
root  of  this  indigenous  species,  Spirce'a  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  which  is  abundant  in  the  northern  States 
of  the  Union,  is  tonic  and  astringent;  and  is 
usually  administered  either  in  the  form  of  ex- 
tract or  decoction,  {SpircecB  ^ss;  aqutB  Oj.) 

SpiRjEA  Trifoliata,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

Spir^A  Ulma'ria,  ;S'.  denuda'ta,  Ulmaria,  U. 
palus'tris,  Regi'na  Prati,  Barha  capra,  Bar'bula 
capri'na,  Ifeadow  Sweet,  Queen  of  the  Jfeadows, 
(F.)  Ulmaire,  Spiree  vlmaire,  Peine  des  Pres, 
Vignette,  Herbe  aux  Abeilles.  The  leaves  have 
been  recommended  as  mild  astringents  and  diu- 
retics—  the  flowers  as  antispasmodics  and  dia- 
phoretics. 

SPIRAMENTA  PULMONUM,  see  Pulmo. 

SPIRAMENTUM  ANIM^,  Pulmo. 

SPIRAMINA  PALPEBRARUM,  Lachrymal 
puncta  —  s.  Pulmonum,  see  Pulmo. 

SPIRATIO,  Respiration. 

SPIREE  ULMAIRE,  Spiraa  ulmaria. 

SPIRIT,  Spir'itus ;  from  spirare,  'to  breathe, 
to  exhale  ;'  (F.)  Esprit,  Alcoolat.  A  name  given 
to  every  liquid  product  of  distillation.  Spirits 
were  formerly  distinguished  into- — inflammable, 
acid,  and  alkaline;  and  consequently  a  number 
of  substances  were  crowded  together,  which  often 
resembled  each  other  in  no  other  property  than 
in  being  volatile.  The  term  is  now  confined  to 
alcoholic  liquors,  of  which  the  following  are  the 
chief: 

Arrack.  Distilled  from  coarse  palm  sugar, 
named  jaggery,  fermented  with  the  bark  of  the 
3Iiniosa  leucophlea ;  also  from  rice  and  the  fer- 
mented juice  of  the  Palm;  made  in  India.  Its 
varieties  are : — 

1.  Mahioah  Arrack.  Made  in  India  from  the 
flowers  of  the  Madhuca  tree,  Bassia  butyracea. 

2.  Tuba.  Made  from  palm  wine,  in  the  Phi- 
lippine Islands. 

Araha.  Distilled,  by  the  Tartars,  from  kou- 
mis,  fermented  mares'  milk. 

Araki.    Distilled  from  dates,  by  the  Egyptians. 

Arika.  A  variety  of  koumis,  distilled  from  fer- 
mented mares'  milk,  in  Tartary  and  Iceland. 

Brandy.  Distilled  from  wine,  figs,  peaches,  per- 
simmon, apple,  mulberries,  and  sometimes  other 
fruits,  in  Europe,  Asia,  North  and  South  Ame- 
rica, wherever  wine  is  made.  The  best  brandy 
is  that  of  Cognac ;  the  next,  that  of  Bordeaux 
and  Rochelle.     The  varieties  are  — 

1.  Aguardiente,  (S.)  In  Peru,  the  common 
brandy  obtained  from  grapes  is  the  Aguardiente 
de  Pisco,  so  called,  because  shipped  at  the  port 
of  Pisco.  Another  kind,  much  dearer,  and  of 
excellent  flavour,  is  made  from  Muscatel  grapes, 
and  is  called  Aguardiente  de  Italia.  It  is  some- 
times seen  in  the  United  States. 

2.  Lan.     Made  from  rice,  in  Siam. 

3.  Rakia.  Made  in  Dalmatia  from  the  husks 
of  grapes  mixed  with  aromatics. 

4.  Rossolio.  Made  at  Dantzic,  from  a  com- 
pound of  brandy,  rossolis,  and  other  plants. 


5.  Troater.  Made  on  the  Rhine,  from  the  husks 
of  grapes,  fermented  with  barley  and  rye. 

6.  Sekis-kayavodka.  Made  from  the  lees  of 
wine  and  fruit  at  Seio. 

Geneva,  Hollands,  (genievre,  French  for  juni- 
per.) Distilled  from  malted  barley  and  rye,  rec- 
tified on  juniper  berries,  in  Holland.  Its  variety 
is — 

Gin.  Made  in  England,  from  malted  barley, 
rye,  potatoes;  rectified  with  turpentine. 

Goldwasser.  Distilled  at  Dantzic,  from  wheat, 
barley,  and  rye,  rectified  with  aniseed,  cinnamon, 
and  other  spices. 

Kirschwasser.  Distilled  from  the  Malacheb 
cherry,  in  Switzerland. 

Maraschino.  Distilled  from  the  Macarska 
cherry,  at  Zara,  the  capital  of  Dalmatia. 

Rum,  (supposed  to  be  derived  from  the  termi- 
nal syllable  of  the  word  saccharum  :  but  the  abo- 
riginal Americans  call  this  liquor  Rum.)  Dis- 
tilled, in  the  West  Indies  and  South  America, 
from  cane-sugar  and  molasses,  and  in  North 
America  from  maple-sugar.     Its  variety  is — '■ 

Slatkaia  trava.  Made  in  Kamtschatka,  from 
a  sweet  grass. 

Show-choo.  Distilled,  in  China,  from  the  lees 
of  mandarin,  a  wine  made  from  boiled  rice. 

Whisky,  (supposed  to  be  derived  from  vsqne, 
the  first  two  sylhibles  of  vsquebagh,  the  original 
name  in  Ireland.)  Distilled,  in  Scotland  and  Ire- 
land, from  malted  and  raw  barley,  rye,  oats,  and 
potatoes;  and  in  the  south  of  France,  from  sloes. 
In  Ireland  it  was  called  buil-ceaun,  or  madness 
of  the  head.  The  best  Scotch  whisky  is  Glenlivet, 
the  best  Irish,  Ennishoxcen. 

Y-wer-a.  Distilled,  in  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
from  the  root  of  the  Tee-root,  baked,  pounded, 
and  fermented. 

To  these  may  be  added  an  intoxicating  liquor 
made  by  the  AfFghnnistans,  from  ewes'  milk; 
and  that  made  in  Kamtschatka,  from  a  species 
of  mushroom,  named  muchumer. 

Spirit  of  Ammonia,  Fetid,  Spiritus  ammonise 
foetidus — s.  of  Ammonia,  succinated,  Spiritus  am- 
monia? succinatus  — s.  of  Aniseed,  Spiritus  anisi. 

Spirit,  Bathing,  Freeman's,  see  Linimentum 
saponis  compos. — s.  Bathing,  Jackson's,  see  Lini- 
mentum saponis  compos.  —  s.  Bezoardic  of  Bus- 
sius,  see  Bussii  spiritus  Bezoarticus — s.  Bone,  Li- 
quor Tolatilis  cornu  cervi. 

Spirit  of  Burrhits,  Burrhi  spiritus  matricalis 
— s.  of  Camphor,  Spiritus  Camphoree — s.  of  Carra- 
way,  Spiritus  carui  —  s.  of  Colchicum,  ammoni- 
ated,  Spiritus  colchici  ammoniatus  —  s.  of  Cin- 
namon, Spiritus  cinnamomi  —  s.  of  Ether,  aro- 
matic, Spiritus  astheris  aromaticus. 

Spirit,  Fuming,  of  Beguin,  Ammoniie  sulphure- 
tum — s.Fuming,  of  Boyle,  Ammoniaesulphuretum. 

Spirit  op  Hartshorn,  Liquor  volatilis  cornu 
cervi  —  s.  of  Horseradish,  compound,  Spiritus 
armoracias  compositus — s.  of  Juniper,  compound, 
Spiritus  juniperi  compositus — s.  of  Lavender, 
Spiritus  lavandulae — s.  of  Lavander,  compound, 
Spiritus  lavandulse  compositus — s.  of  Mindererus, 
Liquor  ammonise  acetatis  —  s.  of  Nitre,  sweet, 
Spiritus  setheris  nitrici — s.  of  Nitric  ether,  Spiri- 
tus setheris  nitrici  —  s.  of  Pennyroyal,  Spiritus 
pulegii — s.  of  Peppermint,  Spiritus  menthas  pipe- 
ritse — s.  of  Pimento,  Spiritus  pimentse. 

Spirit,  Proof,  Spiritus  tenuior — s.  Pyroxylic, 
Spiritus  Pyroxylicus. 

Spirit  of  Rosemart,  Spiritus  rosmarini — s.  of 
Salt,  Muriaticum  acidum  —  s.  of  Scurvygrass, 
golden,  see  Spiritus  armoraciae  compositus  —  s.  of 
Spearmint,  Spiritus  menthse  viridis  —  s.  of  Sul- 
phuric ether,  Spiritus  setheris  sulphurici — s.  of  Sul- 
phuric ether,  compound,  Spiritus  astheris  sulphu- 
rici compositus  —  s.  of  Turpentine,  Oleum  tere- 
binthinae  rectificatum. 


SPIRITS,    ANIMAL 


860 


SPIRITUS 


Spirit,  Verdigris,  Aeeticum  acidum. 

Spirit  of  Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid — s.  ofWine, 
Spiritus  rectiflcatus  —  s.  of  Wine  and  camphor, 
Spiritus  eamphorEe. 

Spirit,  Wood,  Spiritus  Pyroxylicus. 

SPIRITS,  ANIMAL,  Nervous  fluid. 

SPIRITUOUS,  Alcoholic. 

SPIRITUS,  Breath,  Life,  Respiration,  Spirit 

—  s.  jEthereus  nitrosus,  Spiritus  aetheris  nitrici 

—  s.  iEthereus  vitriolicus,  Spiritus    aetheris    sul- 
phurici. 

Spir'itus  iETHERis  Aromat'icus,  uEther  Stil- 
pha'ricus  own  alcoho'le  aromat' icns,  Elix'ir  vi- 
tn'o'li  dulce,  Sweet  Elix'ir  of  Vit'riol,  Viga'ni's 
Elixir  of  Vitriol,  Aromat'ic  Spirit  of  Ether. 
(Gii)nam.  cort.  contus.  ^i'j)  cardam.  sem.  contus. 
^iss,  piperis  longi  fruet.  cont.,  zingib.  rad:  con- 
cis.,  sing,  ^j,  spiritus  cBtheris  sulphuric.  Oj.  Ma- 
cerate, for  14  days,  in  a  stopped  glass  vessel  and 
strain.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  a  stimulant  in 
nervous  affections.     Dose,  f^^ss  to  f  ^j- 

SpiRiTns  jEtheris  Compositds,  Spiritus  Athe- 
ns sulphurici  compositus  —  s.  jSiltheris  hydro- 
chlorici,  Spiritus  j33theris  muriatici. 

Spiritus  JBtheris  Muriati'ci,  Sp.  JE.  Bydro- 
chlu'rici,  Sp.  Muriat'iciis  cBthe'reus,  Sp.  Salis  dal- 
cis,  jEther  iluriat'icus  alcohol'icus,  Spirit  of  hy- 
drochloric or  muriatic  ether.  Dulcified  marine 
acid.  An  old  preparation,  made  by  adding  one 
part  of  muriatic  acid  to  three  parts  of  rectified 
spirit,  and  distilling.  Its  action  is  like  that  of  the 
spiritus  tetheris  nitrici. 

Spiritus  -ZEtiieris  Ni'trici,  Sp.  JEtheris  ni- 
tro'si  sen  nitri  dalcis  seu  ^Ethe'reus  nitro'sus, 
^ther  nitricus  alcoolisa'tus,  A"cidum  Nitri  dulci- 
fica'lwn,  Sweet  Sjnrit  of  Nitre,  Nitre  drops,  Spirit 
of  Nitric  Ether,  (P.)  Ether  azoleux  alcooiise.  Li- 
queur anodine  nitreuse.  {Nitrate  of  Potassa,  in 
coarse  powder,  tbij,  Sulphuric  acid,  tbiss  ;  Alco- 
hol, Oixss;  Diluted  Alcohol,  Oj  ;  Carbonate  of  Po- 
tassa,  ^j.  Mix  the  nitrate  of  potassa  and  the 
alcohol  in  a  large  glass  retort,  and  having  gradu- 
ally poured  in  the  acid,  digest  with  a  gentle  heat 
for  two  hours;  then  raise  the  heat,  and  distil  a 
gallon.  To  the  distilled  liquor  add  the  diluted 
alcohol  and  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  again  distil 
a  gallon. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  refrigerant,  diuretic, 
antispasmodic,  and  diaphoretic.  Dose,  gtt.  xxv 
to  f^}.     Specific  gravity,  0-834. 

Spiritus  MTUBms  Oleosus,  Spiritus  .^theris 
sulphurici  compositus,  Oleum  aethereum. 

Spiritus  JStheeis  Sulphu'rici,  jEther  Sul- 
phuricus  cum  Alcoho'le,  Liquor  yEthe'reus  Sul- 
pihuricus,  Spiritus  Vitrioli  dulcis,  S.  uEtheris 
vitriol'ici.  Liquor  Sulpthuricus  alcoolisa'tus.  Spirit 
of  Sul23hiiric  Ether.  [JSther.  sulphuric.  Oss; 
sp.  red.  Oj.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant,  diapho- 
retic, diuretic,  and  antispasmodic.  Dose,  f,^ss 
to  f  3iij. 

Spiritus  JjItheris  Sulphurici  Compos'itus, 
(Ph.  U.  S.  1842),  jS".  (Btheris  vitriol'ici  composi- 
tus seu  jE'theris  compositus  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851)  seu 
Spiritus  CBthe'reus  oleo'sus.  Liquor  o.n.od'ynns  seu 
anndynus  minera'lis  Hoffmanni,  Compound  Spirit 
of  Sulphuric  Ether,  Hoffmann's  Anodyne  Liquor, 
(P.)  Ether  hydrique  alcooiise,  Ether  sulfurique 
alcooiise,  Esprit  d' Ether  sulfurique.  Liqueur  ano- 
dine d' Hoffman.  (JEther  Sillphuric.  Oss ;  Alcohol, 
Oj  ;  01.  ^ther.  f^iij.  Ph.  U.  S.  Ph.  L.)  Mix. 
A  stimulant  and  antispasmodic.  Specific  gravity, 
0-816.  ^  B  _      ^' 

Spiritus  Btheris  Vitriolici  Compositus, 
Spiritus  astheris  sulphuric,  comp. 

Spiritus  Ammo'ni^,  Al'kali  ammoni'acum 
spirituo'smn,  Al'eohol  ammonia'tum,  Sp.  salis  am- 
moni'aci,  Sp.  salis  ammoni'aci  vino'sus  seu  dulcis 
seu  duleifiea'tus,  Ammoni'aca  alcoholisa'ta,  Li- 
guor  ammo'nii  vino'sus,  L.  ammonia:  spirituo'sus, 


Lixiv'ium  ainmoniaca'le  vino'sum,  Solu'tio  sub- 
carbona'tis  ammoni'aci  spirituo'sa,  (F.)  Esprit 
d'ammoniaque.  {Amnion,  muriat.  in  pulv.  sub- 
tilissim.,  calcis,  aa  Ibj ;  alcohol,  f^xx  ;  aqum, 
f^^ix.  The  water  is  employed  to  slake  the  lime; 
the  muriate  of  ammonia  is  then  well  mixed  with 
it,  and  by  means  of  heat,  the  ammonia  is  made  to 
pass  into  the  distilled  water  contained  in  a  quart 
bottle.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  antispas- 
modic.    Dose,  f  gss  to  f  5J. 

Spiritus  Ammonite  Aromat'icus,  Alcohol  am- 
monia'tum aromaticum,  Spiritus  salis  volat'ilis 
oleo'sus  seu  volatilis  aromaticus  seu  ammonia  com- 
pos'itus, Sal  volatile  oleosum  Sylvii,  Tinctu'ra 
aromatica  ammoniata,  Liquor  oleo'sus  Sylvii,  Lix- 
iv'ium. ammoniaca'le  aromaticum.  Aromatic  ammo- 
nia'ted  Alcohol,  Sal  volat'ile  Drops.  [Amnion, 
muriat.  ^v;  Potass,  carb.  ^viij  ;  cinnam.  cont., 
caryophyll.  cont.  aa  3'j  >  Limon.  cort.  ,^iv;  alco- 
hol., aquae  aa,  Ov.  M.  Distil  Ovijss.  Stimulant. 
Dose,  f  3ss  to  f^j. 

Spiritus  Ammonia  Compositus,  Spiritus  aro- 
maticus. 

Spiritus  Ammonia  Fce'tidus,  Sp.  volat'ilis 
foetidus,  Al'eohol  ammonia'tum  foetid  urn,  Tinctu'- 
ra asafoetidcB  ammoniata.  Fetid  Spirit  of  Ammo- 
iria.  Fit  Drops.  {Amnion,  muriat.  gx,  Potass,  carb. 
^xvj,  Sp.  rectificnt.,  AqucB  aa  Oiij,  (Imp.  meas.) 
Assafoetid.  ^v,  Distil.  Oiij,  (Imp.  meas.)  Mace- 
rate for  12  hours,  and  distil  Oiss.  Ph.  L.)  Stimu- 
lant and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  f^ss.  to  f  3J- 

Spir[tus  Ammonite  Succina'tus,  Sp.  Ammo- 
nicB  cum  Snc'cino,  Sp.  Salis  Ammoni'aci  lactes'- 
cens  seu  lacteus,  Tinctu'ra  ammo' nice  composita^ 
Ammoni' acum  succina'tum.  Aqua  Lu'ciw,  Liquor 
ex  Ammonia  et  Oleo  Suc'cini,  L.  ex'citans,  Succi- 
nated  Spirit  of  Ammonia,  Common  Eau  de  Lucet 
{JIastich.  I^iij,  sp.  red.  f^is,  ol.  Lavand.  gtt.  xiv, 
ol.  succin.  gtt.  iv,  liq.  ammon.  f^s.  Macerate 
thS  mastich  in  the  alcohol,  and  pour  off  the  clear 
tincture:  add  the  rest  and  shake.  Ph.  L.)  Stimu- 
lant and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  gtt.  x  to  f  !^ss,  or 

Spiritus  Animales,  see  Nervous  fluid. 

Spiritus  Ani'si,  jS^.  Anisi  compos'itus,  Aqua 
anisi for'tis,  A.  Sem'inum  Anisi  composita,  Spirit 
of  An' iseed,  {¥.)  Esprit  d'anis.  {Anisi  sem.  cont. 
Ibss,  sjnrit  tenuior.  cong.,  aqum  quod  satis  sit  ad 
prohibendum  empyreunia.  Ph.  L.)  Carmina- 
tive. Dose,  f^ss  to  f^ss.  In  the  compound 
spirit,  angelica  is  usually  an  ingredient. 

Spiritus  Anthos,  Spiritus  rosmarini. 

Spiritus  Armora'ci^  Compos'itus,  Sp.  Raph'- 
ani  compositus,  Aqua  Jiaphani  composita.  Com- 
pound Spirit  of  Horseradish,  (P.)  Esprit  de  rai- 
fort  composS.  {Armorac.  rad.  recent,  concls., 
a^tirant.  cort.  exsicc,  sing.  Ibj,  myrist.  nuc.  contus. 
^ss,  spirit,  ten.  cong.,  aquae  q.  s.  ad  prohibendum 
empyreuma.  Ph.  L.)  Simulant  and  antiscor- 
butic. [?]     Dose,  f^j  to  f ^iv. 

The  Golden  Spirit  of  Scurvy  grass  —  an  em- 
pirical preparation  —  is  formed  by  adding  gam- 
boge ^viij,  to  one  gallon  of  the  spi.  armoraciae 
compositus. 

Greenough's  Tincture  for  the  teeth  is  formed  of 
amygd.  amnr.  ^ij,  lig.  Bresil.,  cassias  bacc,  aa 
^iv,  irid.  Florent.  ^\j.  coccinell.,  sal.  acetoselloB, 
alum,  aa  ^},  sp.  vin.  red.  Oij,  sp.  armoraeim  comp. 
fgss. 

Spiritus  Beguinis,  Ammonia  sulphuretum  — 
s.  Bellidis,  see  Osmitopsis  asteriscoides. 

Spiritus  Camph'or^,  Sp.  Camphora'tus  seu 
vino'sus  camphoratus,  Tinctu'ra  CamphorcB  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  Spirit  of  Wine  and  Camphor,  Spirit  of 
Camphor,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Gamphre,  Alcool  camphre, 
Eau  de  Vie  camphree.  {Camphor,  ^iv,  alcohol. 
Oij.  Dissolve.)  Stimulant,  anodyne  and  discu- 
tient.     Used  only  externally. 


SPIRITUS 


861 


SPIRITUS 


SpIKITUS  Car'ui,  S]:)-  Cari  Cam!,  Aqua  Sem'- 
inum  Garni  fortis  seu  Sem'imim  Carui,  Spirit  of 
Car'raway,  Strong  Carui  Waters,  (F.)  Esprit  de 
Carvi.  {Carui  sent.  cont.  tbiss,  Sp.  temiior.  cong., 
(iqucB  q.  s.  Distil  a  ffallon.  Ph.  L.)  Carmina- 
tive.    Dose,  fgj  to  f^ss. 

Spikitus  Cinnamo'mi,  Sp.  Lauri  Cinnamomi, 
Aqua  Cinnamomi  fortis  seu  Cinnam.  sjnrituo'sa, 
Spirit  of  Cin'namon,  Strong  Cinnamon  Wa- 
ter, (F.)  Esprit  de  Cannelle.  (Corf,  cinnnm.  "^v, 
sp.  rect.  Oivss.)  Stimulant  and  carminative. 
Dose,  f  3J  to  f^ss. 

Spiritus  Col'chici  Ammonia'tus,  Tinctu'ra 
Colchici  Compos'ita,  Ammoniated  Spirit  of  Col- 
chicutn,  Cotiipound  Tincture  of  Colehicum.  (Sent, 
colchic.  cont.  ,^ij,  sp.  amnion,  aromat.  Oj.  Ph.  L.) 
Narcotic,  cathartic,  and  diuretic.  Used  in  gout, 
rheumatism,  and  dropsy.  Dose,  from  gtt.  xxx 
to  f3J. 

Spiritus  Cornu  Cervi,  Liquor  volatilis  C.C. — 
s.  Fortior,  see  Alcohol — s.  Fumans  Beguini,  Am- 
monise  sulphuretum  —  s.  Genitalis,  Aura  seminis 
— s.  Jamaicensis,  Rum. 

Spiritus  Junip'eri  Compos'itus,  AquaJunip'- 
eri  composita.  Compound  Spirit  of  Junii)er,  (F.) 
Esjirit  de  genievre  conip>ose.  (01.  junip.  3 is,  01. 
carui,  01.  fenicul.,  aa  ^x  >  Alcohol  dilut.  cong. 
Solve.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  diuretic.  Dose, 
f^j  to  fgss. 

Spiritus  Lauri  Cinnajioiii,  Spiritus  cinna- 
momi. 

Spiritus  Latan'dul^,  Sp.  Lavandnlm  spiccp 
seu  Lavand.  simplex,  Lavender  Water,  (F.)  Espi-it 
de  Lavande.  {Lavand.  recent.  Ibij.  Alcohol. 
cong.,  aqua  Oij.  Distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  LT.  S.) 
Usually  made  by  adding  the  oil  to  rectified  spirit. 
Used  as  a  perfume  chiefly. 

Spiritus  Lavandula  CoArpos'iTUS,  Tinctu'ra 
LavandidcB  composita,  Ped  Hartshorn,  Lavender 
drops.  Compound  Spirit  of  Lavender,  (F.)  Esprit 
de  Lavande  compose.  {S]).  Lavand.  Oiij.,  sp.  ros- 
marin.  Oj,  cinnam.  eontus.  ,^j,  myristic.  cont.  ,^ss, 
varyophyll.  cont.  _^ij,  snntali  concis.  ^'U-  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  and  filter  through  paper.  Ph. 
U.  S.)     Stimulant.     Dose,  gtt.  xl  to  fgij. 

Spiritus  Lethalis,  Carbonic  acid  —  s.  Lum- 
bricorum.  Liquor  volatilis  cornu  cervi. 

Spiritus  Me.ntHjE  Piperi't^,  Sp.  Menthm  pi- 
perit'idis.  Aqua  Mentha:  piperit'idis  spirituo' sa. 
Spirit  of  Peppermint,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Menthe 
jjoivree.  {Olei.  menth.  pip.  ^vjss.  sp.  rectif. 
Oivss,  aqucB,  q.  s.  Distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  L.)  Car- 
minative and  stimulant.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f^i'j- 

Spiritus  Mentha  Sativ^,  Spiritus  menthao 
viridis. 

Spiritus  Menthje  Vir'idis,  Spii-itus  menthm 
snti'vcB,  Aqua  MenthcB  vulga'ris  spiriiuo'sa.  Spirit 
of  Spearmint,  (F.)  Esprit  de  ITenthe  vert.  {Olei 
Menth.  virid.  Qviss,  Sjo.  rectif.  Oivss,  aq.  q.  s. 
Distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  L.)  Like  the  last  in  pro- 
perties and  dose. 

Spiritus  Millepedarum,  Liquor  eornu  cervi 
— s.  Muriaticus  eethereus,  Spiritus  JStheris  muri- 
atici. 

Spiritus  Myris'tic^,  Sp.  Myristiccs  Moscha'- 
tcB  seu  Niicis  MoschatcB,  Aqua  Nucis  3/oschatcB  seu 
Nephrit'ica,  Nutmeg  Water,  (F.)  Enprit  de  3Ius- 
cade.  (Myrist.  cont.  gij,  Alcohol,  dil.  cong., 
aqucB  Oj.  Distil  a  gallon.)  Cordial  and  carmi- 
nntive.     Dose,  f^j  to  f^iv. 

Spiritus  Myrti  Piment^e,  Spiritus  pimentEe 
—  s.  Nitri  aoidus,  Nitric  acid  —  s.  Nitri  dulcis, 
Spiritus  setberis  nitrici  —  s.  Nitri  duplex,  Nitric 
acid  —  s.  Nitri  fumans,  Nitric  acid  —  s.  Nitri 
Glauberi,  Nitric  acid —  s.  Nitri  simplex,  .=ee  Ni- 
tric acid  —  s.  Nitri  vulgaris,  see  Nitric  acid  —  s. 
Nucis  moschatae,  Spiritus  myristicas — s.  Ophthal- 
micus Mindereri,  Liquor  ammonise  aeetatis. 


Spiritus  PniEN'TyE,  Sp.  IFyrti  Pimentm  seu 
Pimento,  Aqua  Mirah'ilis,  Spirit  of  Pimento. 
{01.  Piment.  f.  gij,  Alcohol,  dilut.  cong.  Solve. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Cordial  and  carminative.  Dose,  f^j 
to  f  3'v. 

Spiritus  Pule'gii,  Aqua  Pulerjii  spjirituo'sn, 
SpArit  of  Pennyroyal,  Spirituous  Pennyroyal  Wa- 
ter, (F.J  Esprit  de  Pouliot.  (Olei  pidegii  Qvij, 
sp.  rect.  Oivss,  aquce,  q.  s.  Distil  a  gallon.  Ph. 
L.)  Same  as  spirit  of  spearmint  in  properties 
and  dose. 

Spiritus  Pyro-aceticus,  Acetone. 

Spiritus  Pyroxyl'icus,  Pyroxyl'ic  spirit, 
Wood  spirit.  Wood  alcohol,  Pyroxylic  alcoh(d, 
Melhylic  alcohol,  Hy'drated  oxide  of  methyle,  Bi- 
hydrate  of  lleth'ylene,  (F.)  Esprit  2jyroaylique, 
Esprit  de  hois.  This  substance  is  by  some  sup- 
posed to  have  been  the  article  given  in  phthisis, 
by  Dr.  Hastings,  under  the  names  Naphtha  and 
'Wood  Naphtha.  It  was  probably,  however,  the 
Pyro-acetic  spirit.  See  Acetone.  When  wood 
is  subjected  to  destructive  distillation,  about  one 
per  cent,  of  an  inflammable  volatile  liquid,  along 
with  other  products,  passes  over,  which,  when  se- 
parated and  purified,  constitutes  pyroxylic  spirit. 
It  is  given  in  the  same  cases  and  doses  as  Ace- 
tone. 

Spiritus  Rectipica'tus,  Sp.  Vini  rectificattis 
seu  vino'sus  recfificc(tus,  CEnostag'ma,  CEnelm'- 
um,  Pyrce'nns,  Al'cohol,  A.  Yini,  Spirit  of  Wine, 
(F.)  Esprit  de  Yin  rectifie.  Rectified  spirit  is 
much  used  in  Pharmacy  to  dissolve  resinous  and 
other  substances.  It  is  seldom  exhibited  inter- 
nally ;  although  it  exists  in  the  diluted  state  in 
all  vinous  and  spirituous  liquors.  Externallj',  it 
is  emplo3'ed  as  a  discutient. — S.  g.,  according  to 
the  London  Pharmacopoeia,  0-838;  according  to 
that  of  Dublin,  0-840;  of  Edinburgh  and  United 
States,  0-835,  (see  Alcohol,)  and  of  Paris,  0-819 
to  0-S27. 

Spiritus  Rector,  Aroma — s.  Raphani  compo- 
situs,  Spiritus  armoracise  compositus— s.  Rorife- 
rus,  Gaz  sanguinis. 

Spiritus  Rosmari'ni,  Sp.  Rosmarini  officina'- 
lis,  Sp.  Anthos,  Spirit  of  Rosemary,  Hungary 
Water,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Romarin.  (01.  rosmarini 
f^iv,  Alcohol,  cong.  Solve.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimu- 
lant.    Dose,  f^j  to  i^iy. 

Spiritus  Sa'lis  Acidus  seu  Fumans,  Muriati- 
eum  acidum  —  s.  Salisammoniaci,  Spiritus  am- 
moniac— s.  Salis  ammoniaci  aquosus,  Liquor  am- 
moniaB  —  s.  Salis  ammoniaci  lactescens  seu  lac- 
teus,  Spiritus  ammonise  succinatus — s.  Salis  am- 
moniaci sulphuratus,  Ammonias  sulphuretum  — 
s.  Salis  dulcis,  Spiritus  ffitheris  muriatici — s.  Salis 
Glauberi,  Muriaticum  acidum  —  s.  Salis  marini, 
Muriaticum  acidum  —  s.  Salis  marini  coagulatus, 
Potassaj  murias — s.  Salis  volatilis  oleosus,  Spiritus 
ammonise  aromatious  —  s.  Sulphurico-ajthereu.s 
caraphoratus,  Tinctura  ietherea  composita  —  s. 
Sulphurico-aethereus  martialis,  Tinctura  seu  Al- 
cohol sulphurieo-sethereus  ferri  —  s.  Sulphuris, 
Sulphurous  acid  —  s.  Sulphuris  per  campanam. 
Sulphurous  acid  —  s.  Sulphuris  volatilis.  Ammo- 
nia; sulphuretum  —  s.  Sulphurosus  volatilis.  Sul- 
phurous acid. 

Spiritus  Tenu'ior,  Alcohol  dilu'tum,  Spiritus 
vino'sus  tenu'ior.  Proof  Spirit,  (F.)  Esprit  de  vin 
delaye.  Generally  made  for  pharmaceutical  pur- 
poses, by  mixing  equal  parts  of  rectified  .spirit 
and  water.  S.  g.  Lond.  0-920:  Edinb.  and  Uni- 
ted States,  0-935.  It  is  employed  in  the  same 
cases  as  those  in  which  the  alcohol  is  used :  — 
chiefly,  as  a  solvent  of  vegetable  matters,  in  the 
form  of  tinctures. 

Spiritus  Veneris,  Aeeticum  acidum  —  s.  Vini 
Gallici,  Brandy — s.  Vini  rectifieatus,  Spiritus  rec- 
tificatus — s.  Vinosus  camphoratus,  Spiritus  cam- 
phors— s.  Vinosus  tenuior,  Spiritus  tenuior  —  s. 


SPIROID  CANAL 


862 


SPLENECTOPIA 


Vitalis,  Nervous  fluid  —  s.  Vitrioli,  Sulphuric 
acid  —  s.  Vitrioli  acidus  Vogleri,  Sulphuricum 
acidum  dilutum  —  s.  Vitrioli  coagulatus  Myn- 
sichti,  Potassse  sulphas  —  s.  Vitrioli  dulcis,  Spi- 
ritus  setberis  sulphurtci — s.  Vitrioli  phlogisticatus, 
Sulphurous  acid — s.  Volatilis  aromaticus,  Spiritus 
ammonia)  aromaticus  —  s.  Volatilis  foetidus,  Spi- 
ritus ammonite  foetidus. 

SPIROID  CANAL,  Aqugeduetus  Fallopii. 

SPIROM'ETER;  a  hybrid  term,  from  spiro, 
'I  breathe,'  and  ixerpov,  'a  measure  :  —  properly 
Anapnom' eter,  Pneiisom'eter,  Pneumom' eter,  Pneu- 
matom'eter,  Pidmom'eter,  Pneumonom' eter.  Any 
instrument  for  measuring  the  quantity  of  air 
concerned  in  respiration,  and,  consequently,  the 
capacity  of  the  lungs.  This  mode  of  measure- 
ment has  been  called  Spirom'efi-y,  as  it  was 
formerly  called  Pulmom'etry.  The  term  spiro- 
meter is  now  usually  applied  to  a  kind  of  gaso- 
meter introduced  by  Dr.  Hutchinson  to  estimate 
the  quantity  of  air  contained  in,  or,  rather,  ex- 
pelled   from    the   lungs    under  different  circum- 

SPIROPTERA  nOMINIS,  see  "Worms. 

SPISSANTIA,  Incrassantia. 

SPIT,  Sputum. 

SPITAL,  Hospital. 

Spit'al,  Mineral  Waters  of.  The  village  of 
Spital  is  situate  on  the  south  side  of  the  Tweed, 
near  Tweedmouth.  The  springs  there  contain 
chloride  of  calcium,  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate 
and  carbonate  of  lime.  They  act  as  saline 
cathartics. 

SPITH'AMA,  uiri^aixr),  Doclrans.  A  measure 
of  twelve  fingers'  breadth,  or  about  nine  inches. 

SPITTING,  Exspuition. 

SPITTLE,  Saliva— s.  Sweet,  see  Salivation. 

SPLANCHNA,  Entrails. 

SPLANCHNECTOP'IA,  Splanchnodias'tnsis, 
Situs  pervei-'sas  seu  anom'alus  intestino'rum  ;  from 
(jfr^ay^vov,  'an  intestine,'  ex,  'out  of,'  and  ronog, 
'place.'  Misplacement  or  ectopia  of  the  intes- 
tines. 

SPLANCHNELMINTHA,  Worms, 

SPLANCHNEURYS'MA,  from  aTrXayx^ov,  'an 
intestine,'  and  cvpvvM,  'I  dilate.'  Morbid  dilata- 
tion of  the  intestines. 

SPLANCHNIC,  Splanch'mcus,  Vh'ceral,  (F.) 
Splanchniqne,  from  (nrXay^^vov,  'a  viscus.'  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  viscera. 

Splanchnic  Cav'ities  are  the  three  great  ca- 
vities of  the  body; — those  of  the  cranium,  chest, 
and  abdomen. 

Splanchnic  Nerves  belong  to  the  great  sym- 
pathetic, and  are  two  in  number  on  each  side. 
They  are  distinguished  into:  —  1.  The  great 
splanchnic  nerve,  (P.)  Grand  surrenal  (Ch.), 
Its  roots — four  or  five  in  number— come  from  the 
6th,  7th,  8th,  9th,  and  sometimes  the  10th,  tho- 
racic ganglia.  They  descend  inwards,  on  the 
sides  of  the  vertebral  column,  beneath  the  pleura, 
and  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  which  enters  the 
abdomen  through  a  separation  of  the  fleshy  fibres 
of  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm;  passes  behind 
the  stomach,  and  divides  into  several  branches, 
which  pass  into  the  semilunar  ganglion.  2.  The 
lesser  splanchnic  nerve,  Renal  nerve,  (P.)  Splanch- 
niqne accessoire  of  Walther,  Petit  surrenal,  (Ch.,) 
is  composed  of  two  distinct  branches,  proceeding 
from  the  10th  and  11th  thoracic  ganglia,  which 
unite  on  the  12th  dorsal  vertebra  into  a  cord,  that 
pierces  the  diaphragm  singly;  enters  the  abdo- 
men, and  divides  into  two  branches,  one  of  which 
anastomoses  with  the  greater  splanchnic  nerve, 
whilst  the  other  sends  its  filaments  to  the  renal 
and  solar  plexuses. 

Splanch'nica.  Medicines  adapted  to  diseases 
of  the  bowels.     Also,  the  2d  order  of  the  class 


Cce/jV/rcf  of  Good  ;  defined, — diseases  affecting  the 
collatitious  viscera,  and  characterized  by  disquiet 
or  diseased  action  in  the  organs  auxiliary  to  the 
digestive  process,  without  primary  inflammation. 

SPLANCHNODIASTASIS,  Splanchnectopia. 

SPLANCHNOD'YNE,  from  cTrXayxvov,  'a  vis- 
cus,' and  o&vvri,  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  bowels. 

SPLANCHNOGRAPHIA,  Splanohnography. 

SPLANCHNOG'RAPHT,  Splanchnogra'jMa, 
from  <sn\ayxi'ov,  '  a  viscus,'  and  ypa(pri,  'a  descrip- 
tion.' The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the 
viscera. 

SPLANCHNOLITHI'ASIS;  from  anXayxvpv, 
'a  viscus,'  and  \i.6og,  'a  stone.'  The  formation 
of  a  calculous  concretion  in  any  viscus. 

SPLANCHNOL'OGY,  Splanchnolog"ia,  from 
anXayx'>'or,  'a  viscus,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  the  viscera: — also,  Splanohnography. 

SPLANCHNOPATHI'A,  from  u^\ayxvov,  'a 
viscus,  and  ttuSoj,  '  suflFering.'  A  disease  of  the 
intestines. 

SPLANCHNOSCLERO'SIS,  from  t!Tt\ayxvov, 
'a  viscus,'  and  aKXnpos,  'hard.'  Induration  of  a 
viscus. 

SPLANCHNOT'OMY,  Splanchnotom'ia, 
Splanchnot'ome,  from  c7;rXay^voi/,  '  a  viscus,'  and 
reijvw,  'I  cut.'  Dissection  or  anatomy  of  the 
viscera. 

SPLAT-FOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

SPLAYFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

SPLEEN,  aTtXrjv,  Lien,  Hepar  sinis'truni  seu 
adulteri'num,  Fomes  ventric'idi,  3Iilt,  (Sc.)  3Ielt, 
(F.)  Rate.  A  soft,  spongy,  parenchymatous 
organ ;  of  a  more  or  less  deep  violet  red,  situate 
deepl}'  in  the  left  hypochondrium,  below  the  dia- 
phragm, above  the  colon,  between  the  great 
tuberosity  of  the  stomach  and  the  cartilages  of 
the  false  ribs,  and  above  and  anterior  to  the  kid- 
ney. Its  ordinary  length  is  4J  inches  ;  its  thick- 
ness 2J;  and  its  weight  8  ounces.  Its  parenchyma, 
which  is  bathed  in  blood,  contains  a  multitude  of 
grayish,  soft,  and  semi-transparent  granulations 
—  splenic  corpuscles  or  Ifalpighiatt  bodies  of  the 
spleen.  It  is  covered  bj'  a  serous  membrane, 
furnished  by  the  peritoneum  ;  and  by  a  proper 
coat,  of  a  fibrous  nature,  which  is  intimately  united 
with  it,  and  transmits  into  its  interior  delicate, 
solid,  and  very  elastic  prolongations — traheculcB, 
At  its  inner  edge  is  a  fissure,  Hilus  seu  Porta 
lie'nis,  by  which  the  vessels  and  nerves  enter  the 
organ.  The  functions  of  the  spleen  are  unknown. 
The  best  opinion  is,  that  it  appertains  to  haema- 
tosis,  and  acts  as  a  diverticulum  to  the  vascular 
system. 

Spleen,  Hypochondriasis  —  s.  Malpighian  bo- 
dies of  the,  see  Spleen  —  s.  Supernumerary, 
Lienculus. 

SPLEENWORT,  Asplenium,  A.  filix  foemina, 
Asplenium  scolopendrium — s.  Bush,  Comptonia 
asplenifolia. 

SPLEN,  Spleen. 

SPLENAL'GIA,  Neural'gia  lie'nis,  Sple'nica, 
Splenodi/n'ia,  from  splen,  and  a\yo;,  '  pain.'  Pain 
in  the  spleen. 

Splenalgia  Bengalensis,  see  Cachexia,  sple- 
nic—  s.  Phlegmonodea,  Splenitis  —  s.  Subinflam- 
matoria  chronica,  Splenoncus. 

SPLENATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  Lie'nis,  from 
splen,  and  atrophia,  'atrophy.'  Wasting  or 
atrophy  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENAUXE,  Splenoncus. 

SPLENECTAMA,  Splcnoparectama. 

SPLENECTASIS,  Splcnoparectama. 

SPLENECTOM'IA,  Splenec'tome,  from  splen, 
CK,  '  out  of,'  and  reiivoi,  '  I  cut.'  Extirpation  of 
the  spleen. 

SPLENECTOP'IA,  Disloca'tio  seu  Ectop'ia 
lie'nis  seu  splenis,  Anomosplenotopie  —  Piorry  ; 
from  splen,  and  cktotto;,  {tK,  and  totto;,)  'out  of 


SPLENEMPHRAXIS 


863 


SPOXDLES 


place.'   Dislocation  of  the  spleen.   Not  a  common 
occurrence. 

SPLENEMPHRAX'IS,  Splenophrax'ia,  from 
eplen,  and  tuippaaau,  'I  obstruct.'  Obstruction 
of  the  spleen.— Vogel.  See  Splenoncus. 
SPLENES,  Hypochondriasis. 
SPLENET'ICUS,  Sple'nicus,  S]}lenit'ici(s,  Lie- 
no'sus,  (F.)  Rateleux.  That  which  relates  to  the 
spleen  :  one  labouring  under  diseased  spleen.  A 
medicine  adapted  for  diseases  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENIC,  Spile'nicus,  Sple'nius,  (F.)  SpU- 
nique,  from  splen.  That  which  relates  to  the 
spleen. 

Splenic  Artery.  It  arises  from  the  cceliac ; 
and  passes  from  right  to  left,  forming  many 
windings  along  the  upper  edge  of  the  pancreas, 
which  lodges  it  in  a  special  groove.  It  reaches 
the  fissure  of  the  spleen,  and  divides  into  several 
branches  that  enter  the  organ.  In  its  course  it 
furnishes  the  pancreatic,  left  gastro-epiploic,  and 
the  vasa  hrevia. 

Splenic  Cachexia,  see  Cachexia  splenica  —  s. 
Corpuscles,  see  Spleen. 

Splenic  Plexus  is  a  nervous  network,  which 
proceeds  from  the  coeliac  plexus,  and  accompa- 
nies the  splenic  artery,  sending  secondary  plex- 
uses to  each  division. 

Splenic  Vein,  Vena  sple'nica,  V.  liena'Us, 
arises  from  the  spleen,  and  accompanies  the  sple- 
Bic  artery;  proceeding  from  left  to  right,  to  unite 
with  the  superior  mesenteric  vein,  and  to  form, 
with  it,  the  abdominal  vena  porta.  In  its  course, 
it  receives  veins  corresponding  to  the  vasa  brevia, 
the  right  and  left  gastro-epiploic,  the  duodenal, 
pancreatic,  coronaria  yentriculi,  and  inferior  me- 
senteric veins. 

SPLENICA,  Splenalgia.  Also,  medicines  which 
affect  the  spleen.  —  Pereira. 

SPLEXICUS,  Spleneticus,  Splenic. 
SPLEXIOLA,  Compress. 
SPLEXIS  TUMOR,  Ague  cake. 
SPLENISATIOX,  Splenization. 
SPLEXISCUS,  Compress. 
SPLENITICUS,  Splenic. 

SPLEXI'TIS,  from  uplen,  and  itia,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  spleen.  Em- 
jyres'ma  splenitis,  Inflamma'tio  lie'nis,  I.  splenis, 
Splenal' gia  phlegmono'dea,  Lieni'tis,  (F.)  Sple- 
nite,  Inflammation  de  la  Rate.  A  rare  disease, 
characterized  by  local  pain,  swelling,  and  heat, 
which  sometimes  terminates  by  suppuration.  It 
generally  affects  the  capsule — Epispleni'tis,  Peri- 
spleni'tis — and  must  be  treated  like  other  inflam- 
mations. 

SPLEXIUM,  Compress  —  s.  Corporis  Callosi, 
see  Corpus  callosum  —  s.  Cruciatum,  Croix  de 
Jfalte. 

SPLE'XIUS,  S.  Cap'itia  seu  Colli,  (P.)  Cervieo- 
dorxo-masto'idien  et  dorso-tracJielien,  Gervico-mas- 
to'idien  (Ch.),  Posterior  mastoid  muscle.  So  called 
from  its  resemblance  to  the  spleen  of  certain  ani- 
mals. A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  neck,  and  upper  part  of  the  back.  It  is  much 
broader  above  than  below,  where  it  terminates  in 
a  point.  It  is  attached,  by  its  inner  edge,  to  the 
spinous  processes  of  the  first  five  dorsal  vertebree  ; 
to  that  of  the  7th  cervical,  and  to  the  inferior  part 
of  the  posterior  cervical  ligament.  By  its  upper 
extremity,  it  is  attached  to  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  first  two  cervical  vertebrae,  to  the 
mastoid  process,  and  to  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  occipital  bone.  Some  have  considered  this 
muscle  to  be  formed  of  two  portions,  which  they 
have  called  Sjilenius  colli,  and  Spleniits  cap'itis. 
The  splenius  extends  the  head,  inclines  it,  and 
rotates  it.  If  the  splenii  of  each  side  act  together, 
they  extend  the  head. 

SPLEXIZA'TION.  Splenizatio,  Splenifica'tion, 
Splenifica'tio,  (F.)   Splenisation,  from  splen.     A 


term  applied  to  the  state  of  the  lung  in  the  first  or 
second  stage  of  pneumonia,  in  which  its  tissue  re- 
sembles that  of  the  spleen. 

SPLEXOCE'LE,  Her'nia  liena'Us,  from  splen, 
and  Kri\r),  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  formed  by  the 
spleen. 

SPLEXODTXIA,  Splenalgia. 
SPLEXOG'RAPHY,   Splenograph'ia,  from 
splen,  and  ypaipri,  'a  description.'     A  description 
of  the  spleen. 

SPLEXOH^'MIA,  (F.)  SpUnohemie,  from 
spZe«,  and 'ai^a,  'blood.'  Congestion  or  hyper- 
semia  of  the  spleen,  a  common  phenomenon  in 
many  diseases,  especially  in  typhoid  and  inter- 
mittent fevers. 

SPLEXOID,  Spleno'i'des,  Spleno' des,  from 
splen,  and  ti^oj,  'resemblance.'  Spleen-like. 
Having  the  appearance  of  the  spleen. 

SPLEXOL'OGY,     Splenolog"ia,    from     splen, 

and  \oyoi, '  a  discourse.'    A  treatise  on  the  spleen. 

SPLENOMALA'CIA,     Lienornala' cia,    from 

splen,  and  /laXaKos,  '  soft.'     Morbid  softening  of 

the  spleen. 

SPLENONCIE,  Splenoncus. 
^VLE^OWCJj^jBIegnlosple'nia.BypertropTi'ia 
seu  Sxiperniitrit"io  sp)lenis  seu  lie'nis,  Intumescen'- 
tia  seu  Infarc'tus  seu  PJiysco'rtia  lienis,  SplenaV- 
gia  snhinflammato' ria  cliron'ica,  Sjolenemjyhrax'is, 
Splenaux'e,  J]7/persple7iotroph'ia,  Lien  ingens, 
(P.)  Splenoneie,  HypertropMe  de  la  Rote;  from 
splen,  and  oyxog,  'a  tumour.'  Tumefaction  of  the 
spleen.     See  Ague  cake. 

SPLEXOPAREC'TAMA,  Splevec'tama,  Sple- 
noparec'  tasis,  Splenec'  tasis,  from  splen,  and 
napeKTa/i-a,  'excessive  volume.'  Excessive  en- 
largement of  the  spleen.  —  Ploucquet. 

SPLEXOPARECTASIS,  Splenopareetama. 
SPLEXOPHRAXIA,  Splenemphraxis. 
SPLENORRHAG"IA,  from  splen,  and  payn 
'rupture.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  spleen. 

SPLEXOSCIR'RHUS,  from  s^ilen,  and  cKtppng, 
'hardness.'     Scirrhus  or  cancer  of  the  spleen. 

SPLBNOT'OMY,  Splenotom'ia,  Splenot'ome, 
from  splen,  and  rs/^vu,  '  I  cut.'  Dissection  of  the 
spleen. 

SPLINT,  Teut.  Splinter,  from  s  p  1  i  j  t  e  n, 
'  to  split ;'  Hastel'la,  Ass'ula,  Asser'culum,  Plag'- 
vla,  Narthex,  Fer'ula,  (F.)  Attelle,  Eclisse.  A 
flexible  and  resisting  lamina  of  wood,  used  in  the 
treatment  of  fractures,  to  keep  the  fragments  in 
apposition,  and  prevent  their  displacement. 
Splints  are  made  of  iron,  wood,  bark  of  trees, 
leather,  gutta  percha,  pasteboard,  &c.  They  are 
generally  padded,  and  are  fixed  by  a  roller  or  by 
tapes,  according  to  circumstances. 

SPLIXTER,  (F.)  Esqnille.  Same  etymon. 
This  term  is  sometimes  applied  to  a  small  portion 
of  wood,  which  occasionally  enters  the  skin,  and 
gives  occasion  to  much  irritation,  until  it  is  re- 
moved,—  Acu'leiis  lig'neus,  (F.)  Echarde. 

It  is  also  applied  to  fragments  that  separate 
from  a  fractured  or  diseased  bone. 

SPLITCLOTH,  Lin'teum  seissum.  A  bandage 
for  the  head,  consisting  of  a  central  part,  and  six 
or  eight  tails.  The  single  split  cloth  has  four 
tails.  It  is  regarded  as  the  most  convenient 
bandage  for  the  head,  face  and  jaws. 
SPLITROCK,  Heuchera  cortusa. 
SPOAT,  Saliva. 

SPODIUM  GR^CORUM,  Album  greecum. 
SPOLIARIUM,  Apodyterium. 
SPO'LIATIVE,  Spoliati'va,  from  spoliare,  spo- 
liatnm,  '  to  take  away.'  (F.)  Spoliatif.  Phlebo- 
tom'ia  spoliati'va,  (F.)  Saignee  spoliative.  Blood- 
letting, used  for  the  purpose  of  diminishing  tha 
mass  of  blood. 

SPOLIATORIUM,  Apodyterium. 
SPOXDLES,  Vertebra. 


SPONDYLALGIA 


864 


SPRUCE  BEER 


SPONDTLAL'GIA,  Spondylochjn'in,  from 
a-Koviv\oi,  '  a  vertebra,'  and  aXyoi,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  vertebrae.     Cacorrhachitis.     See  Vertebral 

SPONDYLARTHRPTIS,  from  cnovbvXos,  'a 
vertebra,'  apdpov,  'a  joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Gouty  or  rheumatic  inflammation 
of  the  spinal  column. 

SPONDYLARTHROCACE,  Vertebral  disease. 

SPONDYLI,  Vertebra;. 

SPONDYLIS,  Coccyx. 

SPONDYLI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  ver'tehra,  from 
(STovbvXoi,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  vertebrffl. 

SPONDYLIUM,  Coccyx,  Heracleum  spondy- 
lium. 

SPONDYLOCACE,  Vertebral  disease. 

SPONDYLODYNIA,  Spondylalgia. 

SPONDYLOPATHI'A,  from  oKovivUi,  'a  ver- 
tebra,' and  vados,  'a  disease.'  A  disease  of  the 
vertebral  column. 

SPONDYLOPYOSIS,  Vertebral  disease. 

SPOND'YLUS,  cTTovivUs.  A  vertebra.  Also, 
the  vertex. 

SPONGE,  BASTARD,  Alcyonium. 

SPONGI.     The  tumefied  glands  of  the  neck. 

SPON'GIA,  &'.  officina'lis  sea  Mari'na,  Spon- 
gos,  Spliongus,  Sponge,  (F.)  JEpotiye,  An  organ- 
ized marine  substance,  of  the  Class  Porifera,  met 
with  in  many  seas,  but  especiaUy  in  the  Medi- 
terranean and  Arabian.  It  is  supple,  elastic, 
porous,  and  capable  of  absorbing  fluids  in  which 
it  may  be  placed,  and  of  thus  increasing  in  size. 
It  is  employed  in  surgery,  for  cleansing  or  wash- 
ing ;  for  absorbing  acrid  discharges  from  ulcers; 
suppressing  hemorrhage  when  the  mouth  of  the 
vessel  can  be  compressed  by  it,  and  for  forming 
tents  for  dilating  wounds ;  in  which  case,  the 
sponge  is  immersed  in  melting  wax,  and  cooled 
before  being  used,  It  is  then  called  Spongia 
cera'ta.  Waxed,  Cera'ted  or  Prepiared  Spionge  or 
Sp>onge  Tent. 

Spongia  Assa,  S.  Usta — s.  Cerata,  see  Spongia 
—  s.  Cynosbati,  Bedegar. 

Spongia  Usta,  S.  Assa,  Cnrho  spon'gicB,  Burnt 
Sponge,  contains  carbonate  and  phosphate  of 
lime,  carbonate  of  soda,  charcoal,  and  iodine.  It 
is  used  in  bronehocele,  scrofulous  aflfections,  and 
herpetic  eruptions;  and  its  good  effects  seem  to 
be  dependent  upon  iodine.  It  is  made  by  cutting 
sponge  into  pieces,  and  heating  it,  that  any  ex- 
traneous matter  may  be  separated;  burning  it  in 
a  close  iron  vessel  until  it  becomes  black  and 
friable,  and,  lastly,  rubbing  it  into  very  fine  pow- 
der.—Ph.  U.  S.     Dose,  3j  to  ^iij. 

SPON'GIA  LAPIS.  A  name  given  to  small 
friable  stones  found  in  sponge.  They  were  for- 
merly esteemed  lithontriptic. 

SPONGIODES,  Spongoid. 

SPONGIOLE,  Spon'giolum,  Spon'giola,  Spon- 
ge'let;  from  <jKoyyiov,  'a.  small  sponge.'  The  soft 
succulent  extremity  of  the  fibrils  or  true  roots  of 
a  plant,  by  which  it  absorbs  or  sucks  up  fluid. 
Similar  spongioles  have  been  supposed  to  exist 
at  the  terminations  of  the  absorbents  in  animals. 

SPON'GION.  Ancient  name  of  an  epithem 
made  of  goats'  dung:  and  also  of  a  malagma, 
which  was  considered  capable  of  absorbing  the 
serum  in  dropsies,  like  a  sponge.  —  Paulus,  Gor- 
rseus. 

SPONGIO-PILINE,  from  spongia,  'sponge,' 
!ind  filus,  'a  hair.'  A  fabric,  composed  of  sponge 
and  wool,  felted  together  in  three  layers,  and 
coated,  on  one  of  its  surfaces,  with  caoutchouc, 
which  renders  it  impermeable.  It  is  of  great  ser- 
vice as  a  cataplasm,  fomentation,  vehicle  for 
lotions,  liniments,  <fcc. 

SPONGIOSUM  (OS),  Ethmoid  bone. 
SPONGIOSUS,  Spongoid. 


SPONGOID,  Spongoi'des,  Spongio'des,  Spon- 
gio'sus,  Spongy,  from  crTroyyia,  '  sponge,'  and  ti&o<;, 
'resemblance.'  Resembling  sponge.  Of  the  na- 
ture of  sponge. 

Spongoid  Inflammation,  Haematodes  fungus. 
Spongoid   Tissue,  (F.)   Tissu  spongoide.     An 
adventitious    spongy   tissue,  found   in    cases    of 
rickets.  —  Guerin. 

SPONGOS,  Tonsil. 

SPONGY,  Spongoid. 

Spongt  Tissue,  see  Bone. 

SPONSA  SOLIS,  Calendula  officinalis. 

SPO^TA''NEO\JS,  Sponta'neus,  {¥.)  Spontanee, 
from  sponte,  'voluntarilj'.'  That  which  occurs 
of  itself,  or  without  any  manifest  external  cause. 
Evacuations  are  termed  sp)ontaneous,  which  are 
not  produced  by  medicine.  Sponta'neous  las'si- 
tiide  is  that  which  is  not  the  result  of  fatigue. 
Diseases  are  also  sjMntaneous  which  supervene 
without  apparent  cause.  Sponta'neous  Amj^ita'- 
tion  is  the  separation  of  a  limb  from  the  foetus  in 
utero. 

Spontaneous  Evolution,  see  Evolution  —  s. 
Version,  Evolution,  spontaneous. 

SPONTEPARITE,  Generation,  spontaneous. 

SPOON,  Umbilicus. 

SPOONWOOD,  Kalmia  latifolia,  Tilia  Ameri- 
cana. 

SPORAD'IC,  Spor'ades,  Spo7-ad'ici,  Morhi  dis- 
per'si  seu  sparsi,  (F.)  Maladies  sporadiques,  from 
cTTctpio,  '1  spread.'  Diseases  which  supervene  in- 
differentlj'  in  every  season  and  situation,  from 
accidental  causes,  and  independently  of  any  epi- 
demic or  contagious  influence. 

SPORE,  Spor'nle,  Sporum,  Spor'iduvi,  from 
(TTupo},  'I  sow.'  The  reproductive  body  in  cryp- 
togamous  plants,  which  is  analogous  to  the  seed 
of  phanerogamous  plants. 

SPORID'IUM;  same  etymon.  The  reproduc- 
tive body  in  algaceous  plants,  which  resembles 
the  spore  of  other  plants. 

SPORULE,  Spore. 

SPORUM,  Spore. 

SPOTS,  CEREBRAL,  TacAes  cerelralea  —  s. 
Germinal,  see  Molecule  —  s.  Meningitic,  Taches 
meningitiques. 

Spots,  Red,  (F.)  Taches  rouges,  Rose  spots, 
Rose'olcB  seu  Pap'ulcB  typho'scp..  Small  red  spots 
which  appear  in  typhoid  fever,  from  the  8th  to 
the  15th  day  of  the  disease.  They  are  most  fre- 
quently seen  on  the  lower  and  middle  portions  of 
the  chest,  and  upper  part  of  the  abdomen. 

Spots,  Rose,  Spots,  red. 

SPRAIN,  corrupted  from  strain  [?] — Siiblnxa'- 
tio,  Distor'tio,  Dias'tropJie,  Diastrem'mn,  Luxa'- 
tio  imperfec'ta,  Exarthre'ma,  Exarthro'sis,  Strem,- 
ma,  Thlasma  Stremma,  Wrench,  (Sc.)  Wramp, 
(Prov.)  Kench,  Keak,  (F.)  Detorse,  Entorse,  Fou- 
lure.  A  violent  straining  or  twisting  of  the  soft 
parts  surrounding  the  joints.  According  to  the 
degree  of  the  sprain,  the  fibrous  parts  of  the  joint 
may  be  simplj'  stretched,  or  they  may  be  rup- 
tured. This  affection,  which  has  been  regarded 
as  incomplete  luxation,  occurs,  particularl}',  in 
the  ginglymoid  joints;  —  as  in  the  foot,  wrist, 
knee,  &c.  The  violence  causes  an  aflBux  of 
blood ;  the  serum  of  the  blood  is  poured  out,  and 
often  the  blood  itself,  owing  to  the  rupture  of 
vessels;  and  inflammation  arises,  which  ends  in 
resolution  or  induration.  Local,  antiphlogistic 
applications  are  required,  with  perfect  rest;  and, 
when  the  inflammatory  action  has  subsided,  cold 
pumping  and  friction,  with  the  application  of  a 
plaster  and  bandage,  will  afford  support  till  the 
parts  affected  recover  their  due  tone. 

SPRAT,  YELLOAV-BILLED,  Clupea  thryssa. 

SPRUCE  BEER,  White  Sprttce  Beer.  A  beer 
made  as  follows  :  To  10  gallons  of  water,  add  6 
pounds  of  sugar,  and  4  oz.  of  essence  of  sp>ruce. 


SPUITIO 


865 


STAGMA 


Add  yeast,  and  bottle,  when  ready.     It  is  grate- 
ful and  antiscorbutic. 

Spruce  Beer  Powders  may  be  formed  of 
white  sugar,  gj,  and  ^ij  ;  soda  subearb.,  gr.  xsvj ; 
essence  of  spruce,  gr.  x,  in  each  blue  paper;  and 
acid  of  tartar,  ^ss  in  each  white  paper.  For  half 
a  pint  of  water. 

SPUITIO,  Exspuition. 

SPUMA  ARGENTI,  Plumbi  oxydum  semi- 
vitreum — s.  Cerevisise,  Yest — s.  Trium  draconum, 
Antimonium  muriatum. 

SPUMEUX,  Frothy. 

SPUMOSUS,  Frothy. 

SPUNK,  Boletus  igniarius.^ 

SPUR,  Sax.  rpup,  (F.)  Eperon  des  Arteres. 
The  angle  at  which  the  arteries  leave  a  cavity  or 
trunk. 

Spur,  Ergot. 

SPURBLIND,  Myopic. 

SPURGE,  CAPER,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  s. 
Cypress,  Euphorbia  Cyparissias — s.  Flax,  Daphne 
gnidium  —  s.  Flowering,  large.  Euphorbia  corol- 
lata — s.  Garden,  Euphorbia  lathyris — s.  Greater, 
Euphorbia  palustris — s.  Ipecacuanha,  Euphorbia 
ipecacuanha. 

Spurge  Laurel,  Daphne  laureola. 

Spurge,  Marsh,  Euphorbia  palustris. 

Spurge  Olive,  Cneorum  tricoccum,  Daphne 
mezereum. 

Spurge,  Petty,  Euphorbia  peplus  —  s.  Sea, 
Euphorbia  paralias  —  s.  Spotted,  Euphorbia  ma- 
culata — s.  Sun,  Euphorbia  helioscopia — s.  Wart- 
wort,  Euphorbia  helioscopia. 

SPUTA,  PRUNE  JUICE,  see  Prune  Juice. 

SPUTAMEN,  Saliva,  Sputum. 

SPUTAMENTUM,  Saliva,  Sputum. 

SPUTATIO,  Exspuition. 

SPUTATION,  Exspuition. 

SPUTATORIUS,  Expectorant. 

SPUTUM,  plural  Sputa,  Apochrem'ma,  Chrem- 
ma,  Empjtys'nia,  Sputa'men,  Pty'elon,  Pytis'ma, 
Spit,  from  spuere,  sputum,  'to  spit.'  (F.)  Crachat. 
The  secretions  ejected  from  the  mouth  in  the  act 
of  spitting.  It  is  composed  of  saliva,  and  of  the 
mucus  secreted  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
nasal  fossse  and  fauces,  and  often  by  the  mem- 
brane of  the  larynx  and  bronchia.  The  sputa 
are,  sometimes,  called  eru'ginous,  when  of  a  green- 
ish-yellow colour;  gimimy,  when  they  resemble 
a  thick  solution  of  gum  :  frothy,  (F.j  mnusseiix, 
when  covered  with  froth  ;  rubig"inous,  (F.)  rubi- 
gineux  ou  rouilles,  when  of  a  reddish-yellow  ;  and 
streaked,  (F.)  slries,  when  mixed  with  lines  of 
blood.     Also,  saliva. 

SpuTusr  Cruentum,  Hsemoptysis  —  s.  Dulce, 
Saccharorrhoea  pulmonalis — s.  Oris,  Salivation — 
s.  Saccharatum,  Saccharorrhoea  pulmonalis  —  s. 
Sanguinis,  Haemoptysis. 

SQUALLING,  Vagitus. 

SQUAMA,  Scale,  Squamous  portion,  Table. 

SQUAMiE,  Scaly  diseases. 

SQUAMARIA,  Plumbago  EuropEea. 

SQVAMEUX,  Squamous. 

SQUAMIFORMIS,  Squamous. 

SQUAMOUS,  Squamo'sus,  Lepido'i'des,  Lepi- 
do'deis,  Squamifor'mis,  Scaly;  from  squama,  'a 
scale.'  That  which  relates  to  or  resembles  a  scale. 

Squamous  Portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  (F.) 
Portion  squamcuse  ou  ecailleuse  du  Temporal,  is 
the  upper  part  of  the  temporal,  so  called  from  a 
fancied  resemblance  to  a  scale.  See  Temporal 
Bone. 

Squamous  Suture,  Sutu'ra  squamo'sa  seu  men- 
do'sa  seu  lepido'i'des  seu  lepido'des  seu  cra'nii 
squamo'sa,  (F.)  Suture  sq^iametise  ou  ecailleuse. 
The  suture  which  unites  the  squamous  portion  of 
the  temporal  bone  to  the  parietal. 

Certain    scaly    cutaneous    affections    are    also 
called  squamous,  (F.)  squameux.     See  Scale. 
35 


SQUARE  STALK,  Monarda  coccinea. 

SQUARRA  TONDENS,  Porrigo  decalvane. 

SQUATTING  PILLS,  Pilulse  opiate. 

SQUAW-MINT,  Hedeoma. 

SQUAAV-ROOT,  Acttea  racemosa,  Caulophyl- 
lum  thalictroides,  Senecio  aureus. 

SQUAW-WEED,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 

SQUEAMISHNESS,  Fastidium  cibi. 

SQUEASINESS,  Nausea. 

SQUELETTE,  Skeleton. 

SQUELETTOLOGIE,  Skeletology. 

SQUILL,  Scilla — s.  Vinegar  of,  -A.cetum  scillas. 

SQUILLA,  Scilla. 

SQUIJSfANGIE,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris. 

SQUINANCT,  COMMON,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris. 

SQUINANTHIA,  Cynanche. 

SQUINANTHUS,  Juncus  odoratus. 

SQUINE,  Smilax  China. 

SQUINSY,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

SQUINT-EYED,  see  Strabismus. 

SQUINTER,  see  Strabismus. 

SQUINTING,  Strabismus. 

SQUINZEY,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

SQUIRRE,  Scirrhus — s.  en  Cuirasse,  see  Lig- 
neous. 

SQUIRRHE,  Scirrhus. 

SQUIRREL  CORN,  Dicentra  Canadensis. 

SQUIRREUX,  Scirrhous. 

SQ UIRROGASTR IE,  Scirrhogastria. 

SQUIRBUS,  Scirrhus. 

SQUIRT,  Syringe. 

STACHELBERG,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF. 
Stachelberg  Springs  are  far  down  in  the  valley 
of  the  Linth,  in  Switzerland.  The  waters  are 
sulphureous,  and  are  much  visited  by  gouty  and 
rheumatic  invalids. 

STACHYS  FCBTIDA,  Galeopsis. 

STACTE,  Myrrha. 

STADE,  Stage. 

STADIUM,  Period,  Stage. 

Sta'dium  Acmes  seu  Sta'seos.  The  period  of 
the  height  of  a  disease. 

Sta'dium  Annihilatio'nis  seu  Convalescen'- 
ti^  seu  Reconvalescenti^.  The  period  of  re- 
covery from  disease. 

Stadium  Augmen'ti  seu  Incremen'ti  Moebi. 
The  period  or  stage  of  increase  of  a  disease. 

Stadium  Caloris,  Stage,  (hot)  —  s.  Convales- 
centise,  S.  annihilationis. 

Stadium  Decremen'ti.  The  period  or  stage 
of  decrease  of  a  disease. 

Stadium  Frigoris,  Stage,  (cold)  —  s.  Incre- 
menti  Morbi,  S.  Augmenti  morbi  —  s.  Latentis 
Contagii,  Prodromus — s.  Opportunitatis,  Prodro- 
mus — s.  Prodromorum,  Prodromus — s.  Reconva- 
lescentife,  S.  Annihilationis. 

STAFF,  (D.)  Staf.  An  instrument  of  great 
importance  in  lithotomy, — being  the  director  for 
the  gorget  or  knife.  It  is  made  of  steel :  and  the 
handle  is  flat  and  rough,  in  order  that  it  may  be 
more  securely  held.    The  groove  is  on  its  convex 

STAFF  TREE,  CLIMBING,  Celastrus  scan- 
dens. 

STAFFA,  Stapes. 

STAG'S  PIZZLE,  see  Cervus. 

STAGE.  Sta'dium,  (F.)  Estage,  Etage,  Stade. 
The  period  or  degree  of  a  disease ;  especially  the 
period  of  an  intermittent :  —  as  the  cold  stage, — 
sta'dium  fri'goris  —  hot  stage,  &c. 

STAGGERBUSH,  Andromeda  mariana. 

STAGGERWEED,  Delphinium. 

STA'GIUM.     The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce. 

STAGMA,  from  ara^'ji,  'I  distil;'  Stalag'ma. 
Any  distilled  liquid  or  liquor. 

Stagma,  Gutta. 


STAGNATION 


866 


STARCE 


STAGrNA'TION,  Stagna'tio,  from  stagnare, 
stagnatum,  '  to  form  a  pond/  (ntagnum,  'a  pond.') 
Accumulation  and  retardation  of  fluids  in  any 
part  of  the  body. 

STAGNUM  CHYLI,  Receptaculum  chyli. 
STAHLIAN.     One  who  follows   the  doctrine 
of  Stahl. 

STAHL'IANISM.  The  doctrine  of  Stahl, 
Tihioh  considered  every  vital  action  under  the 
direction  and  presidency  of  the  soul.  See  Ani- 
mist. 

STALAGMA,  Stajrma. 

STALAGMI'TIS  CAMBOGIOI'DES,  S.  Cam- 
ho'gia,  from  araXay/xoi,  '  a  drop'  —  the  gum  ex- 
uding by  drops.  Gamboge  was  long  ascribed  to 
this  fancied  Ceylonese  plant.  It  is  now  known, 
that  the  name  was  given  by  Murray  to  specimens 
of  two  distinct  trees  of  different  genera.  See 
Cambogia. 

STALAGMOS,  Distillation. 
STALE,  Urine. 
STALTICUS,  Incarnans. 
STAMMERING,  Balbuties— s.  of  the  Fingers, 
Cramp,  writers'. 

STAMP,  Cachet — s.  Medicine,  Cachet — s.  Ocu- 
list, Cachet. 

STAMPING  MILL,  see  Pulverization. 
STANG,  see  Throbbing. 
STANGOS,  Tin. 

STANNI  MURIAS,  Tin,  muriate  of— s.  Oxy^ 
duli  murias,  Tin,  muriate  of — s.  Pulvis,  see  Tin. 
STANNIOLUM,  Tinfoil. 

STANNUM,  Tin  — s.  Cinereura,  Bismath  — s. 
Foliatum,  Tinfoil — s.  Glaeiale,  Bismuth — s.  Gra- 
nulatum.  see  Tin  —  s.  Indicum,  Zineum. 
STAPEDIEN,  Stapedius. 
STAPE'DIUS,  Stapes,  (F.)  StapSdien,  Pjjra- 
midnl-stapMien.  A  muscle  of  the  middle  ear, 
which  draws  the  stapes  obliquely  upwards. 

STAPES,  genitive  Sta'pedis,  (sto  and  pes,) 
Stapha,  Staffa,  'a  stirrup.'  (F.)  Etrier.  The 
innermost  of  the  small  bones  of  the  ear,  so  called 
because  it  resembles  a  stirrup.  It  is  situate  hori- 
zontally in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum.  Its 
head,  which  is  directed  outwards,  is  articulated 
with  the  OS  orbiculare.  Its  base  faces  inwards, 
and  is  applied  to  the  fenestra  ovalis,  which  it 
closes  imperfectly,  and  to  the  membrane  of  which 
it  is  united.  Its  branches  are  one  anterior,  and 
the  other  posterior.  They  are  curved;  and  the 
space  between  them  is  parabolic.  Surgeons  have 
given  the  name  Stapes  to  a  bandage  used  in 
bleeding  from  the  foot;  which  forms  a  figure  of  8 
around  the  ankles. 
STAPHA,  Stapes. 

STAPHIS,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
STAPHISAGRIA,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
STAPHTSAIGRE,  Delphinium  staphisairria. 
STAPHYL^MATO'MA,  from   trrn^v^.,,"' the 
uvula,'  and  hcBmatoma.     A  tumour  formed  by  ef- 
fusion   of  blood  beneath  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  uvula. 

STAPHYLAGRA,  Staphylepartes. 
STAPHYLE,  Uvula,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 
STAPHYLEPAR'TES,    from    ora(},r>\n,    'the 
uvula,' and  EToipM, 'I  lift  up.'     Staph'ylagra.    An 
instrument  for  laying  hold  of,  and  removing  the 
uvula.  —  Paulus. 

STAPHYLINI,  see  Azygos  muscle — s.  Medii, 
see  Azysros  muscle. 

STAPHYLINO-PHARYNGEUS,  Palato-pha- 
rvnseus. 

■  STAPHYLINUS  EXTERNUS,  Circumflexus. 
STAPHYLIS.  Nipple. 
STAPHYLITIS,  Uvulitis. 
STAPHYLIUM.  Nipple. 

STAPHYLODIALYSIS,    Cionis,     Staphyloe- 
dema. 


STAPHYLCEDE'MA,  from  aTa<j>v\v, '  the  uvula,' 
and  oedema.  Angi'na  uvida'ria,  Dyspha'gia  uvu- 
lo'sa,  Hypostaph'yle,  UypostaphyW tis,  Staphylo- 
dial'ysis,  Prolapsus  seu  Propito'eis  seu  Casus  sea 
CEdema  u'vulce,  Himas,  Himanto' ma,  Himanto' sis, 
Staphylon'cus,  Staphylon'cia,  Produc'tio  uvula  (J 
pitui'td,  U'vula  decid'ua  seu  relajca'ta,  Cras'- 
pedon.  Relaxation  and  tumefaction  of  the  uvula, 
which,  either  from  inflammation  or  infiltration, 
hangs  down  so  as  to  occasion  diflBcult  deglu- 
tition, cough,  &c.  Scarification,  astringent  gar- 
gles, and,  if  necessary,  excision,  constitute  the 
treatment. 

STAPHYLO'MA,  from  ara^ivXv,  'a  grape.' 
Uva'tio,  Myoceph'alon,  My'iocejih' alum,  Parop'sii 
Staphylo'ma,  Staphylo'sis,  Polygro'ma.  A  name 
given  to  different  tumours  of  the  anterior  surfact 
of  the  globe  of  the  eye. 

Staphyloma  Conicum,  Staphyloma  of  the  cor- 
nea—  s.  Pellucidum  conicum,  Staphyloma  of  thi 
cornea. 

Staphyloma  of  the  Cornea,  Sugar-loaf  Cor- 
nea or  Con'ical  Cornea,  Con'ical  hydrophthal'mia^ 
Staphylo'ma  con'icum-  seu  picllu' cidum  con'icum, 
Conophthal'mia,  Prolapt'sus  cor'necp.,  Ceraton' ens, 
Hypercerato'sis,  Hypercer' asis,  is  an  unequal, 
embossed,  bluish  or  whitish,  round  or  conicai 
tumour;  of  variable  size;  formed  by  the  projection 
of  the  transparent  cornea,  which  is  sometimes 
extenuated  and  distended,  at  others  thickened. 

Staphyloma   op   the  Iris  is  the  disease  de- 
scribed by  Scarpa  under  the  name  Procidentia 
Jridis.     It  is  hernia  of  the  iris,  through  an  acci- 
dental opening  of  the  cornea.     Also,  iridauxesis. 
Staphyloma  op  the  Sclerot'ic,  Staphyloma 
sclerot'iccB,  difi'ers  from  the  last,  in  the  prominence 
existing  on  a  part  of  the  eye  covered  by  the  scle- 
rotic, which  is  much  thinner. 
Staphyloma  Uve^e,  Iridauxesis. 
STAPHYLONCIA,  Staphyloedema. 
STAPHYLONCUS,  Staphyloedema. 
STAPHYLOPLAS'  TIC,      Staphyloplas  •■  ticus, 
from  cTa<i>v\ri,  '  the  uvula,'  and  nXatro-co,  '  I  form.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for  replacing 
the  soft  palate,  when  it  has  been  lost.     Stajyh'ylo- 
plasty,  Pul'atop)lasty,  a  word  of  hybrid  formation, 
is  the  operation  for  closing  the  palatine  vault. 

STAPHYLOR'RAPHY,  Velosynth'esis,  Sta- 
phylorrha'phia,  Kionorrha'phia,  Cionorrhaph'ia, 
Uranor'rhaphe,  Uranorrha' phia ,  Oraniscorrha' - 
phia,  Uraniscor'rhaphe,  from  aTa<pv\ri,  'the  uvu- 
la,' and  ^a<j>ri,  'a  suture.'  The  operation  for  uni- 
ting a  cleft  palate.  It  consists  in  paring  the  edges 
of  the  cleft;  passing  ligatures  through  them,  and 
bringing  them  together. 

STAPHYLOSIS,  Staphyloma. 
STAPHYLOT'OMY,  Staphylutom'ia,  from  nra- 
(pi\>l,  'the  uvula,'  and  to/i>7,  'incision.'     Amputa- 
tion of  the  uvula. 

STAR  APPLE,  BROAD-LEAVED,  Chryso- 
phyllum  cainito — s.  Blazing,  Aletris  farinosa^ — s. 
Bloom,  Spigelia  Marilandica  —  s.  Grass,  Aletris 
farinosa,  Hypoxys  ereeta. 

Star,  Knap-weed,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 
Star  op  the  North,  Geum  urbanum. 
Star  Stroke,  Coiip-de-soleil — s.  Wort,  Aletris 
farinosa  —  s.  Wort,  golden,  Bubonium — s.  Wort, 
water,  Callitriehe  verna. 

STARBECK  SPA.  A  chalybeate  spring  at 
Harrogate. 

STARCH,  Sax.  yca,pc,  'rigid,  stiff,'  Amylum, 
Starch,  Animal,  Corpora  amylaeea  —  s.  Blue, 
Smalt — s.  Canna,  Totis-les-mois. 

Starch  Corpuscles,  Corpora  amylaeea. 
Starch,  Iodide  of,  lod'idum  seu  lodure'tum 
Am'yli,  Am'ylum  ioda'tum,  (F.)  lodure  d' Amidon  ; 
prepared  by  triturating  iodine  and  starch,  is  said 
to  have  the  eutrophic  effects  of  iodine;  but,  by 
some,  is  esteemed  inert.     Dose,  four  to  six  grains. 


STARKEY'S    PILLS 


867 


STEGNOTICA 


Starch,  Potato,  see  Solanum  tuberosum. 

Stauch  Sugar,  Glucose. 

Starch,  Tacca,  Arrowroot,  Tahiti. 

STARKEY'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulse  ex  hellebore 
et  niyrrha. 

S'i'ASE,  Stasis. 

STASIS,  orao-if,  from  araia,  'I  stop,'  (F.)  Stase. 
This  word  has  nearly  the  same  signification  as 
stagnation.  Stagnation,  however,  sometimes  in- 
cludes a  morbid  condition  of  the  fluids, —  Stasis 
never. 

Stasis,  Station. 

STATE  MEDICINE,  Medicine,  state. 

STATIC.  Statical,  Staticiis,  (F.)  Statique. 
Same  etymon.  An  epithet  applied  to  the  physi- 
cal phenomena  presented  by  organized  bodies  in 
contradistinction  to  the  organic  or  vital. 

STAT'ICA  SEPTI  NA'RIUM,  Apjjen'dix  cu- 
tn'iiea  septi  na'rium.  The  cutaneous  appendage 
to  the  septum  narium. 

STATICAIi,  Static. 

STAT'ICE  CAROLINIA'NA,  of  the  United 
States,  {araTiKoi, '  restraining,')  Amer'ican  or  Sea- 
side Thrift,  JIfargh  Rose'mary,  JIfitrsh  Root,  Ink- 
root,  Sea  Lavender,  Ord.  Plumbaginacese,  is  con- 
sidered to  be  a  mere  variety  of  the  Statiee  limo- 
nium.     The  root  is  the  Statiee  —  (Ph.  U.  S.). 

Stat'ice  Limo'nium,  »?.  Ifarit'imum,  Beh.en  ru- 
bniin,  Limo'nium,  L.  majus  seu  vulga're,  Behen, 
Behmen  Ackmar,  Sea  Lnv'ender,  Red  Behen, Marsh 
Rosemary,  Lavender  Thrift,  (F.)  Behen  rouge, 
Romarin  des  marais,  Lavande  triste  ou  de  mer. 
The  roots  have  been  esteemed  astringent,  tonic, 
and  eminently  antiseptic. 

Staticb  Maritimum,  S.  limonium — s.  Vulgare, 
S.  limonium. 

STA'TIOjST,  Sfa'tio,  Stasis,  Status,  from  stare, 
statuni,  'to  stand.'     The  act  of  standing. 

STATIONARY,  Stationa'rius,  (F.)  Station- 
naire.  Same  etymon.  A  name  given  by  Syden- 
ham and  StoU  to  certain  diseases,  which  depend 
upon  a  particular  state  af  the  atmosphere ;  and 
which  prevail  in  a  district  for  a  certain  number 
of  years,  and  then  give  way  to  others. 

STATIS'TICS,  MEDICAL,  Vital  Statistics, 
Biostat'ics,  (^Status,  'a  state,')  (F.)  Statistique  me- 
dicate. That  part  of  medicine  which  relates  to 
A^tsWs  —  medico-statistical  —  connected  with  the 
mortality,  salubrity,  Ac,  of  different  countries 
and  situations. 

It  has,  also,  been  used  in  a  wider  sense  to'sig- 
nify  the  same  as  Numerical  method,  (F.)  Methode 
numerique  ;  which  is  applied  to  the  systemization 
of  medical  facts,  or  to  the  use  of  numbers  in  the 
investigation  of  disease. 

Statistics,  Vital,  Statistics,  medical. 

STATURE,  Statu'ra,  Meg'ethos,  Magnitu'do 
cor'poris,  from  sto,  statitm,  'to  stand.'  The  height 
of  the  human  figure.  The  following  table  exhibits 
the  results  of  several  admeasurements,  with  the 
heights  of  some  of  the  monkey  species,  on  the 
authority  of  Mr.  Lawrence. 

stature. 
Feet.      In. 

(-6  a 

An  Englishman <  to 

U  00 

f5  4 

An  Englishwoman i  to 

(.5  00 

European  male  skeleton 5  8 

Do.                    5  5 

A  Negro  at  the  Lunatic  Hospital,  Liver- 1  ,  .  „  j^ 

pool J  ' 

Another  from  Virginia 5  6^ 

Another  from  the  Gold  Coast 5  8 

Another  •. 5  00 


stature. 

Feet.     Id. 

Negro  skeleton 4       1] 

Another 5         7^ 

A  Lascar 5         4 

Venus  de  Medici 5       00 

Tyson's  Chimitainse  (Simia  Troglodytes)     2  2 

Mr.  Abel's  Orang  Otang 2         7 

Camper's  Do less  than  SO 

Mr.  White's  Monkey 2         2 

STATUS,  Acme  —  s.  Cruditatis,  Crudity  —  s. 
Erethiticus,  Nervous  diathesis — s.  Gastricus,  Em- 
barras  gaslrique — s.  Nervosus,  Nervous  diathesis 
— s.  Parturiendi,  Parturition— s.  Sthenicus,  Sthe- 
nia — s.  Verrainosus,  Helminthiasis. 

STAVESACRE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

STAXIS,  oT«|tj,  Apostnx'is.  A  slight  epistaxis 
or  nasal  hemorrhage.  —  Hippocrates. 

STEAM-DOCTOR.  A  term  applied  to  one 
who  treats  all  or  most  diseases  by  steam. 

STEAR,  see  Fat,  Sevum. 

STEARATE,  Eraplastrum. 

STEARIN,  see  Fat. 

STEARINUM  CETACEUM,  Cetaceum. 

STEAROLE,  Pomatum  — s.  SoUde,  Emplas- 
trum. 

STEAROSIS,  Steatosis. 

STEARRHCE'A,  Steatorrhoe'a,  Seborrhce'a, 
Seborrhag"ia,  Smegmatorrhoe'a,  Smegmorrhoe'a, 
Fluxns  seba'ceus,  Seba'ceotis  Flux,  from  areap, 
'  suet,'  and  ptw,  'I  flow.'  Augmentation  of  secre- 
tion from  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  skin. 

Stearrhcea  Ni'gricans.  A  term  used  by  Dr. 
Neligan,  of  Dublin,  for  a  black  discoloration  of 
the  face,  observed  in  young  females  affected  with 
derangement  of  the  catamenia,  and  which,  in  his 
opinion,  is  owing  to  a  dark  secretion  from  the  cu- 
taneous sebaceous  glands. 

STEATITES,  Polysarcia. 

STEATOCE'LE,  from  artap,  areaTo;,  'suet,'  and 
Kri\ri,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumour  formed  by  a  collec- 
tion of  steatomatous  matter  in  the  scrotum. 

STEATO'MA,  Tumor  lar'deus,  from  artap, 
arearos,  'suet.'  Seva'tio,  Empihy'ma  encys'tia 
steatoma.  An  encysted  tumour,  whose  contents 
are  similar  to  fat. 

STEATOP'YGA,  from  arzap,  arcaro;,  'fat,'  and 
;rijy?7,  '  buttocks.'  Bnttock-hnmp.  Fat  buttocks  ; 
such  as  exist  in  the  Hottentot  female. 

STEATORRHCEA,  Stearrhcea. 

STEATO'SIS,  Stearu'sis.  Fatty  degeneration 
of  a  part,  or  unusual  deposition  and  accumulation 
of  fat  in  its  adipose  tissue. 

Steato'siS  Cordis, Degenera'tio  adipn'sa  cordis, 
Oardiethmolipo'sis  and  Oardiomynlipo' sis  (Pior- 
ry).  Fatty  heart.  Unusual  deposition  of  fat  on 
the  heart: — by  some  presumed  to  be  occasionally 
a  true  adipous  degeneration  of  the  substance  of 
the  heart. 

Steatosis  Hepatica,  Adiposis  hepatica. 

STEATOZOON  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarua 
Folliculorum. 

STEEL,  Chalybs. 

STEEP,  Rennet. 

STEEPLE-BUSH,  Spirsea  tomentosa. 

STEER'S  OPODELDOCH,  see  Opodeldoch, 
Steer's. 

STEGMONTH,  see  Parturient. 

STEGANOP'ODES,  cTtyavoitobei,  Planip'edes. 
They  who  have  fl.at  feet,  or  are  web-footed,  from 
oTtyavof,  '  covered,'  and  t-ovs,  '  foot.' 

STEGNO'SIS,  Steno'sis,  Constipa'tio,  Stipa'tio, 
Condensa'tio,  Obstruc'tio,  from  artyvoij),  '  I  con- 
strict.' Constriction  or  narrowness  of  the  pores 
and  vessels^.  Stricture.  Constipation.  Suppression 
of  the  evacuations.     See  Arctatio. 

STEGNOTICA,  Astringents. 


STETROSIS 


8  6  8        STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOIDEUS 


STEIROSTS,  Stenlitas. 
STELENGIS,  Stridor  dentium.  ^ 
STELLA,  Fas-'eia  stella'ta,  (F.)  UtoiJe.  A  ban- 
dage, improperly  compared  to  a  star,  because  it 
is  crossed  like  the  letter  X.  This  bandage  is  ap- 
plied upon  one  or  both  shoulders.  In  the  first 
rase,  it  is  called  simple ;  in  the  second,  double. 
It  was  employed  in  fractures  of  the  sternum, 
clavicle,  and  scapula;  in  luxations  of  the  hume- 
rus, &c. 

Stklla  Tbrr.e,  Plantago  coronopus. 
STELLARIA  MEDIA,  Alsine  media— s.  Scil- 
]a,  Scilla. 

STELLATA  RUPINA,  Cenlaurea  ealcitrapa. 
STELL'UL^  VERHEYEN'II,  {ste/la,  'a  star,' 
sfel'liila,  '  a  little  star,')   Siibsfnn'tia  stcl'lata  ser- 
peiiti'na  seu  radia'ta,  Ellych'nia.     A   stelliform 
plexus  of  veins  at  the  surface  of  the  kidney,  which 
gives  origin  to  the  interlobular  veins. 
STELOCHITIS,  Osteocolla. 
STENAGMUS,  Suspirium. 
STENAXIS,  Suspiritim, 
STENIA,  Sthenia. 
STENICUS,  Active. 
STENOBREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 
STENOCARDIA,  Angina  pectoris,  Cardioste- 
nosis. 

STENOCHO'RIA,  StcnocTiori'anis,  from  arevo^, 
'narrow,'  and  X'^9'^'  'space.'  Angustia.  Em- 
ployed by  some  for  contraction  of  the  vagina. 

Stenochoria  Intestini  Rkcti,  Stricture  of  the 
rectum  —  s.  ffisophagi,  Dysphagia  constricta. 

STENOMYCTE'RIA,  from  arzvoi,  'narrow,' 
and  nvKTrjp,  'nose.'  Contraction  of  the  nasal 
passages. 

STENOSIS,  Stegnosis. 
-     STENOSTEGNOSIS,  Stenostenosis. 

STENOSTEXO'SIS,  Stenostegno'sh,  from  Ste- 
nn,  and  gtsvojois,  'contraction.'  OhMruc'tio  diic- 
1&S  Stenmn'a'iii.  Narrowness  or  contraction  of 
the  duct  of  Steno. 

STENOSTOM'IA,  from  arcvog.  'narrow,'  and 
croiia,  '  mouth.'     Contraction  of  the  mouth. 

STENOTHORA'CES,  from  artvog,  'narrow,' 
and  5wp;if,  -S-upa/co;,  'the  chest.'  They  who  have 
narrow  chests. 

STENTOROPHO'NUS,  from  Yrevrmp,  Stentor, 
.1  Greek  of  powerful  voice  in  the  army  before 
Troy;  and  <liu>vr],  'voice.'  One  who  has  a  strong 
voice. 

STEPITANE,  Crown. 

STEPHENS,    MRS.,    REMEDY   FOR    THE 
STONE.     This   consisted  of  lime,   prepared    by 
calcining  the  shells  of  eggs  and  snails,  made  into 
pills  with  soap.     A  decoction  was,  also,  adminis- 
tered,  consisting  of  chamomile,  fennel,  parsley, 
and  burdock,  with  a  portion  of  Alicant  soap.     Its 
virtues  were  dependent  upon   the  lime  and  the 
tonic  properties  of  the  decoction.  Hales,  Hartley, 
Kirkpatrick,  Lobb,  and  others,  wrote  in  favour 
of  this  nostrum  ;  and  it  was  ultimately  bought  by 
the  British  parliament  for  £5000— about  $25,000. 
STEPHENSIA  ELONGATA,  Matico. 
STEPMOTHER'S  BLESSING,  HangnaiL 
STERA,  Uterus. 

STERCORA'CEOUS,  Stereora'rius,  DiacTio- 
rel'icns,  Ster'coral,  from  stermis,  stercoria,  'dung.' 
Fecal,  FcBccil,  (F.)   Stercoraire,  Stercoral. 

The  French  use  the  terra  Fistnles  slercoraires 
for  those  which  are  kept  up  by  the  constant  pas- 
sage of  fecal  or  stercora'ceoiis  matter.  The  name 
Stercoraires  is  sometimes  given,  in  derision,  to 
those  physicians  who  are  fond  of  purging  their 
patients  :  a  posteriori  has  been  similarly  used. 
STEROOEAFRE,  Storcoraceous. 
STERCUS,  Excrement,  Fimus  —  s.  Anseris, 
Fimus  anseris  —  s.  Caninum  album,  AJbum  Gr«- 
cum — s.  Diaboli,  Asafoetida — s,  Equi  non  castrati, 
Fimus. 


Stercus  Huma'nuji,  Homerda.  Human  ex- 
crement. 

Stercus  Lacert^,  Crocodilia. 
STEREOCYST'IS,  from  creptog,    'hard,'    and 
KDo-rif,  'cyst.'     A  hard  encysted  tumour. 
STEREOS,  Solid. 

STE'REOSCOPE,  Stereosco2}'i urn,  from  arepiog, 
'solid,'  and  cKoirew,  'I  view.'  A  physical  instru- 
ment by  means  of  which  plane  pictures  of  an  ob- 
ject are  made  on  each  retina,  and  so  blended  as 
to  appear  as  one  in  relief.  Also,  an  instrument  for 
detecting  a  calculus  in  the  bladder,  and  foreign 
bodies  in  the  soft  parts.  It  resembles  a  common 
catheter,  having  an  expanded  free  extremity. 

STEREOT'ICA,  from  arepcug,  '  hard.'  Fortui- 
tous lesions  or  deformities  affecting  the  hard 
parts.     The  2d  order,  class  Tychica  of  Good. 

STER'ILE,  Ster'ilis,  A'gonos,  Aph'orua,  Aph- 
or'icns,     Ablast'ea,     Infecun'dus,     Barren,     (F.) 
Sterile.     Same    etymon  as  Sterilitas.     Not  pro- 
ducing fruit;  infecund. 
STERILIS,  Sterile. 

STERIL'ITAS,  Agon'ia,  Steiro'sis,  Sliro'sis, 
Agenne'sia,  Agenne'sis,  Infecun'ditas,  Steril'ity, 
Acye'sis,  Bar'renness,  Infecxin'dity,  Apho'ria, 
Atec'nia,  Atvc'ia,  from  artcpog,  or  cTepsog,  '  hard, 
barren.'  Quality  of  that  which  is  barren.  Ste- 
rility may  be  absolute  or  relative.  The  fornoer 
depends  upon  some  vicious  conformation  of  the 
genital  organs,  apparent  or  concealed,  and  occa- 
sionally admits  of  cure.  Sterility  is  relative  when 
a  female  does  not  conceive  with  one  individual, 
but  does  with  another.  Sterility  in  females  is 
often  dependent  upon  a  condition  of  the  uterus 
characterized  by  membranous  menstruation. 
STERNAD,  see  SternaL 

STERNAL,  Sterna'lis,  from  sternum,  'the 
breast  bone.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the 
sternum  or  breast  bone. 

Sternal  Aspkct.  The  aspect  of  the  body 
where  the  sternum  is  situate. — Barclay.  Sleruad 
is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to  signify 
towards  the  sternal  aspect. 

STERNALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 
STERNO,    in    composition,  belonging,  or   re- 
lating to,  the  sternum  or  breast  bone. 

STERNO-CLAVIC'ULAR,  Stemo-clavienJa'- 
ris.  That  which  relates  to  the  sternum  and  clavicle. 
Sterno-clavic'ular  Articula'tion  is  the 
union  of  the  inner  extremity  of  the  clavicle  with 
a  round  facette  at  each  side  of  the  superior  ex- 
tremity of  the  sternum.  In  this  articulation 
there  are,  besides  the  incrusting  cartilages,  two 
radiated  sterno-clavicular,  (F.)  Sterno-clavicu- 
laires  rayonneea  ;  0)?e  anterior,  and  one  posterior 
— an  inter-clavicular  ligament  extending  between 
the  two  clavicles,  and  two  synovial  capsules,  se- 
parated hy  TLXi  inter-articular  fibro-cartilage.  The 
costo-elavicular  ligament  may  also  be  considered 
to  belong  to  this  articulation. 

STERNO-  CLA  VIO-MASTOIDIEN,  Sterno- 
cleido-mastoideus  —  s.  Cleido-hyoideus,  Sterno- 
hyoideus. 

STERXO-CLEIDO  ERACHIALIS,  Pectoralis 
major. 

STERNO  -  CLEIDO  -  MASTOIDEUS,  Stemn- 
masto'ideus,  Cleido-masfoideus,  Masfo'ideus,  J/. 
anterior,  Nuta'tor  cap'itis;  (F.)  Sterjio-clavio- 
masio'idieii,  Sterno-masto'idien  ;  from  arepvov,  'the 
sternum,'  kAei;,  'the  clavicle,'  and  naarog,  'the 
mastoid  process.'  A  muscle  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  long  and 
flattened:  simple,  above;  and  divided  into  two 
portions  below;  where  it  is  inserted  into  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  sternum,  and 
the  inner  quarter  of  the  clavicle.  Above,  it  ter- 
minates at  the  mastoid  process,  which  it  embraces, 
at  the  neighbouring  part  of  the  temporal  bone, 
and  at  the  outer  third  of  the  upper  curved  line 


STERNO-COSTAL 


869 


STHENOPYRA 


of  the  occipital  bone.  It  carries  the  head 
forward ;  inclines,  and  rotates  it  to  one  side. 
AVhen  both  contract,  they  bend  the  head  directly 
forwards. 

STERNO-COSTAL.  Triangularis  sterni  — «. 
Oosto-clnviu-humeral,  Pectoralis  major — e.  Hu- 
meral, Pectoralis  major. 

STERNO-HYOIDEUS,  Sfemo-deido-hyoide- 
us,  Stevno-Jiyoides,  Hyoidee  primus  ;  from  arcpvov, 
'the  sternum,'  and  'vociiij;,  'the  os  hyoides.'  A 
muscle  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck  ; 
inserted,  above,  at  the  inferior  edge  of  the  body 
of  the  hyoid  bone;  below,  into  the  upper  part 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum  ;  —  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  sterno-clavicular  articula- 
tion, and  sometimes  into  the  cartilage  of  the  first 
rib.     It  depresses  the  os  hyoides. 

STERNO-  If  A  STOi'DIEN,  Sterno-cleido- 
mastoideus — s.  Puhien,  Rectus  abdominis. 

STERNO-THYROiDEUS,  Stemo-thymides, 
Brnn'diiiin.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
oblique  line  seen  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  thy- 
roid cartilage:  and  terminates,  below,  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum, 
and  the  cartilage  of  the  second  rib.  When  it 
contracts,  it  depresses  the  thyroid  cartilage  and 
os  hyoides  by  the  medium  of  the  thyro-hyoid 
membrane. 

STERNODYNIA,  see  Stomatodynia  — s.  Syn- 
copalis.  Angina  pectoris  —  s.  Syncoptica  et  Pal- 
pitans,  Angina  pectoris. 

STERNO-  OMPHALODYMIA,  see  Somato- 
dyraia. 

STERNOPA'GIA,  from  arepvov,  'the  breast 
bone,'  and  irayoi,  'I  fasten.'  A  monstrous  union 
of  foetuses,  in  which  they  are  attached  at  the 
sternum. 

STERNUM,  Sternon,  from  orspoof,  'solid;' 
PectuK,  Os  aster  seu  pec'torib-  sen  ociphn'ides  seu 
gfadi'oli  seu  ensifor'me,  Scutum  cordis  seu  jjec'- 
toris,  Breast  Bone,  Hcp.mal  Spine  of  Owen.  An 
azygous  symmetrical  bone,  situate  at  the  fore- 
part of  the  chest.  It  is  flat;  broad  above;  nar- 
rower in  the  middle;  and  terminates,  below,  by 
a  pointed  cartilage  —  the  xiphoid.  It  has  an 
anterior  or  cutaneous  surface,  a  posterior  or  me- 
diastinal — a  superior  or  clavicular  extremity,  and 
an  inferior  or  abdominal.  It  is  articulated  with 
the  clavicles  and  the  seven  upper  ribs  on  each 
side,  by  means  of  their  cartilages.  According  to 
Beclard,  it  is  formed  of  six  principal  bones,  which 
he  names,  from  their  position,  1.  Prinn-stemal  or 
clavi-sternal:  2.  Duo-sternal:  3.  Tri-sternal:  4. 
Quarti  -  sternal  :  5.  Qninti- sternal :  6.  Ultimi- 
sternal  or  ensi -sternal. 

STERNUMENTUM,  Sneezing. 
STERNUTAMENTORIA,  Achillea  ptarmica. 
STERNUTAMENTUM,  Sneezing. 
STERNUTATIO,  Sneezing. 
STERNUTATOIRE.  Sternutatory. 
STER'NUTATORY,  Stemutato'rins,  from  ster- 
nutare,  sternufatum,  'to  sneeze.'   Sternutnmen'tum, 
Errhi'num,  Ptar'micnm,  Anarrhi'num,  (F.)  Ster- 
nutatoire.    A  substance  which  provokes  sneezing; 
as  tobacco,  &c.  —  See  Errhine. 
STERTEUR,  Stertor. 

STERTOR,  Ronchus  or  JRhonchus,  Eenchus, 
Rhencus,  (F.)  Sterteur,  Ronflement,  from  stertere, 
'to  snore.'  The  deep  snoring  which  accompanies 
inspiration  in  some  diseases,  particularly  in  apo- 
plexy. Such  respiration  is  said  to  be  ster'torous, 
(P.)  Stertoreux ;  Respira'tio  stertuo'sa  seu  ster- 
tens  seu  stertoro'sa. 

STERTOROUS,  see  Stertor. 
STETHxE'MIA,  Hypera'mia    Pulmo'num   seu 
Pec'toris,  Conges' tio  Pulmonum  seu  Pectoris,  (F.) 
Hyperemie    ou    Congestion    des    Pouinons ;    from 


oTjjSof,  'the  chest,'  and  'aiiia,  'blood.'  Hypere- 
mia of  the  lungs.  Congestion  or  accumulation 
of  blood  in  the  pulmonary  vessels. 

STETHOCATH ARSIS,  Expectoration. 
STETHOCIIYSIS,  Hydrothorax. 
STETHODESMIS,  Corset. 
STETIIODESMIUM,  Corset. 
STETIIODESMUS,  Corset. 
STETHOM'ETER,    from    <rr»)9os,  'the    chest,' 
and  utrpov,  'measure.'     An  instrument,  proposed 
by  Dr.  Richard  Quain,  for  measuring  the  extent 
of  movement  of  the  walls  of  the  chest,  as  a  means 
of  diagnosis  in  thoracic  diseases.     It  consists  of 
a  flat  case,  not  unlike  a  watch-case,  having  on  its 
upper  surface  a  graduated  dial  and  index,  which 
is  acted  on  by  a  simple  mechanism.    A  silk  cord, 
long   enough    to    surround    one-half    the    chest, 
passes  through  an  aperture  in  the  case.    The  dial 
is  graduated  into  fifty  equal  parts,  each  of  which 
represents  the  l-200th  of  an  inch.     In  using  the 
instrument,  the  dial  is  placed  firmly  against  the 
spine,  and  the  point  of  the  tape  over  the  sternum, 
or  at  anjf  other  spot  according  to  the  part  to  be 
examined.     The  extension  of  the  string,  as  indi- 
cated by  the  dial,  shows  the  amount  of  elasticity 
of  the  parietes  of  the  thorax. 

Under  the  name  Thoracom'etcr,  Dr.  Sibson  has 
described  an  instrument  of  his  invention,  which 
is  employed  with  a  similar  view  as  the  stethometer 
of  Dr.  Quain.  —  Med.  Chir.  Transact.,  vol.  xxxi. 
STETHOPARAL'YSIS,  Paral'ysis  vervo'rvm 
thoru'cis,  phrenicorum,  &,c.  ;  from  oTtjdog,  '  the 
chest,'  and  wapa\vaii,  'paralysis.'  Palsy  of  the 
muscles  of  the  chest. 

STETHORRIIEUMA,  Pleurodynia. 
STETH'OSCOPE,  Stetlwscojyium,  Stethos'co- 
pxtm,  Echoscop'inm,  Psophoiii'eter,  TJioracoscop'- 
ium,  from  arridos,  'the  chest,'  and  aKO-rrtw,  'I  exa- 
mine.' An  instrument  invented  by  Laennec,  of 
Paris,  for  exploring  the  chest.  The  stethoscope, 
sometimes  called  Pectoriloque,  is  a  cylinder  of 
wood,  from  four  inches  to  a  foot  long;  pierced 
through  and  through  by  a  longitudinal  canal 
about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  The 
longer  are  generally  composed  of  two  portions, 
that  fit  together  by  means  of  a  screw,  one  of 
which  is  hollowed  at  the  extremity,  in  the  shape 
of  a  funnel.  These  two  portions  being  screwed 
to  each  other,  the  physician  lays  hold  of  the  in- 
strument, as  he  would  of  a  pen,  puts  the  funnel- 
shaped  extremity  on  the  chest  of  the  patient,  and 
applies  his  ear  to  the  other.  To  explore  the  pul- 
sations of  the  heart,  the  funnel  is  plugged  up  by 
a  piece  of  the  same  kind  of  wood  accurately 
adapted  to  it,  and  pierced  by  a  canal  of  the  same 
width  as  that  in  the  body  of  the  instrument. 
Stethoscopes  are  sometimes  flexible,  like  the 
flexible  ear-trumpet. 

This  mode  of  examining  affections  of  the  chest, 
Steth'oscojjy,  Stethoseop'ia,  &c.,  is  what  Laennec 
terms  Auscultation  mediate,  3/ediate  Auscultation. 
STETHOSCOPIA,  see  Auscultation,  and  Ste- 
thoscope. 

STETnOSCOP'IC,  Siethoscop'icus,  (F.)  StStho- 
ecopique.  Same  etj'mon  as  Stethoscope.  Fur- 
nished by  stethoscopy  or  auscultation,  —  as  a 
' stelhoscopic  sign.' 

STETHOSCOPY,  see  Stethoscope. 
STETHUS,  Thorax. 
STEW,  Stove. 

STHENI'A,  Steni'a,  Diath'esis  sthen'ica.  Sta- 
tus sthen'icus.  Vis  nucta,  from  a5-ivog,  'strength,' 
'power.'  Excess  of  strength  ;  excitement  of  the 
organic  actions.  A  word  used,  especially  by  the 
Brunonians,  as  well  as  Asthenia, — its  antitheton. 
Sthenic  or  dynamic  diseases  are  such  as  depend 
upon  excessive  excitement. 
STHENICUS,  Active. 
STHENOPYRA,  Synocha. 


STIBI 


870 


STOMACH 


STIBI,  Antimonium. 

STIBIALIS.  Antimonial. 

STIB'IALISM,  Stibiah's'mus,  from  stibium, 
'  antimony.'  The  aggregate  phenomena  produced 
hy  antimonials,  when  given  in  large  quantities: — 
antimonial  intoxication  or  poisoning. 

STIBIATUS  TARTRIS  LIXIVIA,  Antimo- 
nium tartarizatuni. 

STIBII  BUTYRUM,  Antimonium    muriatum 

—  s.  Deuto-murias  sublimatus,  Antimonium  mu- 
riatum— s.  et  Potassse  deuto-tartras,  Antimonium 
tartarizatum — s.  Hydrosulphuretum  rubrum,  An- 
timonii  sulphuretum  rubrum — s.  Oxidum  acido 
muriatico  oxygenato  paratum,  Algaroth — s.  Oxi- 
dum  album  mediante  nitro  confectum,  Antimo- 
nium diaphoreticum  —  s.  Oxidum  pra3cipitando 
paratum,  Algaroth  —  s.  Oxodes  album,  Antimo- 
nium diaphoreticum — s.  Oxodes  sulphuretum, 
Antimonii  sulphuretum  praecipitatum  —  s.  Oxydi 
sulphurati  hydro-sulphuretum  luteum,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  preecipitatum — s.  Oxydulati  sulphu- 
retum, Antimonii  sulphuretum  praBcipitatum' — s. 
Oxydulum  vitreatum,  Antimonii  vitrum — s.  Oxy- 
dum  semivitreura,  Antimonii  vitrum — s.  Ox}'dum 
sulphuratum,  Oxydum  stibii  sulphuratum- — s. 
Subhj'drosulphas,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  rubrum 

—  s.  Submurias  prsecipitando  paratum,  Algaroth 

—  s.  Sulphurati  hydrosulphuretum  rubrum,  An- 
timonii sulphuretum  rubrum- — s.  Sulphuretum 
nigrum,  Antimonium  —  s.  Vitrum,  Antimonii 
vitrum. 

STIBTO-DEBMIC,  see  Unguentum  antimonii. 

STIBIOSUM  HYDROSULPHURETUM 
CUM  SULPHURE,  Antimonii  sulphuretum 
prfficipitatum — s.  Oxidum,  Antimonium  diaphore- 
ticum. 

STIBIUM,  Antimonium. 

STICHAS  ARABICA,  Lavendula  stoechas. 

STICKWORT,  Agrimonv. 

STICTA  PULMONACEA,  Lichen  pulmo- 
narius. 

STIFF  JOINT,  MUSCULAR,  Contractura. 

Stiff  Joints.  Milk  sicliness. 

STIFFNECK,  Torticollis. 

STIGMA.  Cicatricula. 

STIGMATA,  see  Ntevus.  The  breathing  pores 
of  insects  are  so  called. 

Stig'matA  Ovario'rum,  Cicatri'c-es  Ovnrio'rvm. 
The  cicatrices  left  in  the  ovary  after  the  escape 
of  ova. 

STILBOMA,  Cosmetic. 

STILL,  Alembic. 
'    STILLA,  Gutta. 

STILLATIO  SANGUINIS  E  NARIBUS, 
Epistaxis. 

STILLBORN,  (F.)  3fort-ne.  Born  still  or 
lifeless,  —  dead  born. 

STILLICID'IUM,  SiilstiVhm,  from  stilla,  'a 
drop.'  This  term  is  often  used  synonymously  with 
Stranfiury,  It  means  the  flow  of  any  fluid — par- 
ticularly the  urine — drop  by  drop.  Also  a  kind 
of  embrocation,  Stillicid'ivm  svpra  partem,  effected 
by  dropping  a  liquid  upon  a  part. 

Stillioidiijm  Lacrymarum,  Epiphora  —  s.  Na,- 
rium,  Coryza  —  s.  Sanguinis  e  naribus,  Epistaxis 
—  s.  Supra  partem,  see  Stillicidium. 

STILLIN'GIA,  S.  sylvat'ica,  Queen's  Hoot, 
Queen's  delight,  Yaiv  root,  Mnr'cory,  Cochiip  hat. 
An  indigenous  plant,  which  grows  in  pine  bar- 
rens, from  Virginia  to  Florida.  Sex.  Syst.  Mo- 
noecia  Monadelphia.  Nat.  Ord.  Euphorbiacea?. 
The  root — ■  Stillingia,  Ph.  IT.  S. — is  said  to  be 
used  in  syphilis,  obstinate  cutaneous  affections, 
(fee.  like  sarsaparilla. 

STIMATO'SIS,      Stymatosis,      E(Bmorrhag"ia 

Penis,  &tymatorrhog"ia.  PhaUorrhag"ia,  Caulor- 

rhag"ia,U-ova  arvjia,  '  priapism,' itself  from  arvsiv, 

■  'to    erect.'     Hemorrhage    from  the  male  organ, 

accompanied  or  not  with  priapism. 


STIMMI,  Antimonium. 

STIM'ULANT,  Stim'ulans,  Ex'citana,  In'ci- 
tans,  Iiicetiti'vum,  Irri'tans,  Exci'tant,  Inci'tant, 
Hypersthenic,  Pyretogenet'ic,  from  stimulare,  'to 
goad.'  A  medicine  which  has  the  power  of  ex- 
citing the  organic  action  of  the  different  systems 
of  the  economy.  Some  stimulants  are  diffusible, 
—  that  is,  have  a  prompt  but  temporary  action  ; 
others  are  permanent  or  persistent.  The  action 
of  stimulants  is  called  Stimula'tion,  Stimnla'iio, 
Jncita'tio. 

The  chief  stimulants  are  the  following:  ^ther 
Sulphuricus,  Ammonia,  Asafoetida,  Brucia,  Cam- 
phora,  Capsicum,  Castoreum,  Cinnamomum,  Co- 
paiba, Cubeba,  Guaiacum,  Hydrargyri  Prsepa- 
rata,  lodinium,  Nux  Vomica,  Olea  Essentialia, 
Opium  (in  small  dose).  Piper,  Sinapis,  Strychnia, 
Zingiber,  —  Alcohol,  Caloric,  Electricity,  Mental 
Emotions,  (the  Impetuous.) 

STIM'ULUS,  "a  goad.'  Jncitamen'tnm,  Irri- 
ta'men,  Irritamcn'tum,  Poten'tia  Irri'tans.  Any 
thing  which  excites  the  animal  economy. 

STINE,  Hordeolum. 

STINK  POKE,  Dracontium  foetidum — s.Weed, 
Chenopodium  anthelraintieum.  Datura  stramo- 
nium, Polnnisia  graveolens. 

STIPATIO,  Stegnosis. 

Stipatio  TeLjE  Cellulo's^  Inpant'um.  In- 
duration of  the  cellular  tissue  of  children. 

STIROSIS,  Sterilitas. 

STITCH,  same  root  as  sticlc,  Sax.  j-rician,  (G.) 
stecken,  (Sc.)  Stonnd,  (Prov.)  Dag,  (F.)  Point, 
(L.)  Punetum  ;  (from  pungere,  punctum,  'to  prick 
or  sting.')  An  acute  lancinating  pain,  like  that 
produced  by  the  puncture  of  a  sharp  needle. 

Stitch,  Cohmox.  Suture,  common  —  s.  Royal, 
see  Suture  —  s.  in  the  Side,  Pleurodv'iia. 

STIZOLOBIUM,  Doliehos  pruriens. 

STLENGIS.  Stridor  dentium. 

STOBiE'A  RUBRICAU'LIS.  A  South  Afri- 
can  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Compositse.  A  tincture  of 
the  bruised  roots  is  diuretic,  and  of  great  service 
in  sravel. 

STOCKING,  LACED,  (F.)  Bas  lassL  A  ban- 
dage used  by  surgeons,  which  consists  of  a  stock- 
ing made  of  firm  cloth  or  dog-skin,  admitting  of 
being  tightly  laced  anterior!)'.  It  is  employed 
in  varices  and  ulcers  of  the  legs. 

STCECHAS  ARABICA,  Lavendula  stoechas. 

STCECHIOL'OGY,  Stcechiolog"ia,  [F.)  Stachi- 
ologie ;  from  aToi)(ziov,  'element,'  and  \oyoi,  'a 
discourse.'  A  treatise,  or  the  theory,  of  elements  ; 
hence  of  the  elementary  parts  of  organized  sub- 
stances. 

STOICHEION,  Element. 

STOMA,  Mou^h. 

STOMAC'ACE,  Stomaioc'ace,  Stomal'gia,  La- 
brisul'cium,  Cheiloc'ace,  Uloc'ace,  Cheilomala'- 
cia,  Stomatono'ma,  Stomutonecro'sis,  Cancer  Oris, 
Canker,  from  orona,  'the  mouth,'  and  Kaitoi, 
'evil.'  Foetor  of  the  mouth  with  a  bloody  dis- 
charge from  the  gums.  (F.)  Cancer  aquatique  / 
see  Cancer  Aquaticus.     Also,  Scurvy. 

Stojiacace,  Porphyra  nautica — s.  Gangraeno- 
sum.  Cancer  aquaticus —  s.  Universale,  Purpura 
ha3morrhagica. 

STOMACAL,  Stomachal. 

STOMACALGIA,  Cardialgia. 

STOMACH,  Stoni'achus,  Ventric'ulus.  Nedys, 
Anocce'lia,  Gaster,  Glnttu' patens,  Jtlaw,  fof  ani- 
mals,) (Sc.)  Kyte,  Pechan,  (Prov.)  Warison,{F.) 
Estomac,  from  arofia.  'a  mouth.'  One  of  the 
principal  organs  of  digestion.  It  is  a  musculo- 
membranous  reservoir;  continuous,  on  the  one 
side,  with  the  oesophagus  ;  on  the  other,  with  the 
duodenum.  It  is  situate  beneath  the  diaphragm, 
between  the  liver  and  the  spleen  ;  and  occupies 
the  epigastrium  and  a  part  of  the  left  hypochon- 
drium.     In  it  the  food  is  converted  into  chyme. 


STOMACHAL 


871 


STOMATO-GASTRIC 


When  viewed  externally,  the  stomach  has,  1.  An 
anterior  face,  which  looljs  a  little  upwards.  2. 
An  inferior  face,  directed  downwards.  3.  An 
inferior  or  colic  margin,  which  is  convex  and  ex- 
tensive, and  is  called  the  greater  curvature,  (F.) 
Grand  courbure.  It  gives  origin  to  the  omentum 
miijus.  4.  A  superior  or  diaphragmatic  margin, 
which  is  shorter,  concave,  and  is  called  the  lesser 
curvature,  (F.)  Petit  courbure.  The  lesser  omen- 
tum is  attached  to  this.  5.  A  left  or  oesophageal 
orifice,  called,  also,  the  cardia,  Oa  ventric'nli  or 
tipper  orifice.  6.  A  right  ox  intestinal,  or  inferior 
orifice,  called  the  pylorus.  7.  A  considerable 
dilatation,  situate  to  the  left  of  the  cardia  and 
greater  curvature  —  the  great  tuberositt/  or 
great  cul-de-sac  or  fundus  of  the  stomach; 
and,  8.  A  less  extensive  dilatation,  situate 
lo  the  right  of  the  greater  curvature,  —  the 
lesser  tuberosity  or  lesser  cul-de-sac,  Antrum 
Pylo'ri.  The  inner  surface  of  the  stomach  is  of 
a  reddish-white  colour,  and  has  a  marbled  ap- 
pearance. It  is  constantly  covered  by  thick  mu- 
cus, and  is  lined  by  a  mucous  membrane,  which 
presents  numerous  wrinkles.  The  parietes  of 
the  stomach  consist  of  three  membranes  in  super- 
position. The  outermost  is  serous,  and  is  an  ex- 
tension of  the  peritoneum.  The  middle  coat  is 
muscular, — some  of  its  fibres  running  longitudi- 
nally ;  others,  transversely,  and  others  obliquely. 
The  innermost  membrane  is  of  a  mucous  nature, 
Crusta  viUo'sa  ventric'nli,  Gastro-niycod' eris,  but 
not  exactly  a  continuation  of  the  membrane  that 
lines  the  oesophagus.  The  mucous  and  muscu- 
lar membranes  form,  at  the  pylorus,  a  valve, 
called  the  Pyloric  valve.  These  three  coats  are 
united  by  a  dense,  close,  areolar  membrane;  and, 
between  the  mucous  and  muscular  coats,  along 
the  two  curvatures  especially,  is  a  quantity  of 
muciparous  glands,  called  Glands  of  Brunner. 
The  arteries  of  the  stomach  are  very  numerous, 
and  proceed  from  the  coronaria  ventriculi,  the 
pyloric,  splenic,  and  right  and  leftgastro-epiploic. 
The  veins  have  the  same  name,  and  pursue  the 
same  course  as  the  arteries.  They  pour  their 
blood  into  the  trunk  of  the  vena  porta.  Its  lym- 
phatic vessels  are  very  numerous,  and  pass  into 
ganglia,  situate  along  the  two  curvatures.  The 
nerves  of  the  stomach  proceed  from  the  pneumo- 
gastric,  and  three  divisions  of  the  coeliac  plexus. 
Stomach  Cell,  see  Favulus  —  s.  Disease,  Li- 
mosis. 

Stomach,  First,  Ingluvies. 
Stomach  Pump,  Gastren'chyta,  Antli'a  gas'- 
trica,  (F.)  Pompe  pour  I'estomac.  A  useful  in- 
strument for  conveying  fluids  to  the  stomach, 
when  deglutition  is  impracticable,  and  for  pump- 
ing out  the  contents  of  that  organ.  It  consists 
of  a  forcing  syringe,  to  the  bottom  and  nozzle  of 
which  flexible  tubes  can  be  attached.  When  the 
object  is  to  force  fluids  into  the  stomach,  the 
stomach-tube  must  be  attached  to  the  nozzle,  and 
passed  down  the  throat,  —  the  tube  connected 
with  the  bottom  of  the  syringe  being  placed  in 
the  fluid  to  be  injected.  To  empty  the  stomach, 
the  stomach-tube  must  be  attached  to  the  bottom 
of  the  instrument.  This  instrument  has  been  of 
great  service  where  poisons  have  been  taken. 
The  antidote,  when  any  exists,  and  is  at  hand, 
should  be  administered  immediately  prior  to  its 
use. 

The    stomach   pump    was   first    employed    in 
America  by  Dr.  Physick,  in  the  year  1812. 

Stomach,  Second,  Proventriculus  —  s.  Sick, 
Milk  sickness  —  s.  Third,  Ventriculus  callosus. 
Stomach  Tube,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 
STOM'ACHAL,  Stomach'ic,  Stomach'ical,  Car- 
di'acus,  Stomach'icus,  Stomacha'lis,  Viscera'lis, 
(F.)  Stomacal,  Stomachique.  That  which  belongs 
to  the  stomach  ;  that  which  is  good  for  the  sto- 


mach; which  strengthens  the  stomach.  A  me- 
dicine that  gives  tone  to  the  stomach. 

STOMACHALGIA,  Cardialgia. 

STOMACHI  RESOLUTIO,  Dyspepsia. 

STOMACHIC,  Stomachal. 

STOMACHICAL.  Stomachal. 

STOMACHIQUE,  Stomachal. 

STOM'ACHUS,  from  arofia,  'mouth.'  This 
word  has  been  used  in  several  diiferent  accepta- 
tions; for  example,  for  the  oesophagus,  for  the 
cardiac  orifice  of  the  stomach,  (see  Cardia,)  and 
for  the  stomach  itself.  Hippocrates  calls  the  neck 
of  the  bladder  oro/ia^^of  kuotews;  and  the  neck  of 
the  uterus    tt]';  uriTpa;  aTOiiay(^os. 

STOMAL'GIA,  Stomatul'yia,  Stomatodyn'in, 
from  arojia,  'mouth,'  and  aAyoj,  'pain;'  Pain  in 
the  mouth. 

STOMAPYRA,  AphthjB— s.  Aphtha,  Aphthije. 

STOMATALGIA,  Stomalgia. 

STOMATEL'CIA,  Stomateko'sts ,-  from  trro/xa, 
dTo/jiaros, '  the  mouth,'  and  'tA/cof,  '  an  ulcer.'  Ul- 
ceration of  the  mouth. 

STOMAT'IA,  Stomatopathi' a ;  from  cTOjia, 
cToixaros,  'the  mouth.'     Disease  of  the  mouth. 

STOMAT'IC,  Stomat'icus,  from  aro/ia,  oTOfiaTog, 
'mouth.'  A  medicine  used  in  diseases,  &c.,  of 
the  mouth.  Dentifrices,  masticatories,  &c.,  are 
stomatics. 

STOaiATITE  APHTHEUSE,  Stomatitis, 
aphthous  —  s.  Oharbunnense,  Cancer  aquaticus — 
s.  Couenneiise,  Stomatitis,  pseudo-membranous — 
s.  Cremeuse  pultacee,  Aphtha}  —  s.  Follienleuse, 
Stomatitis,  aphthous  —  s.  Gangrenense,  Cancer 
aquaticus — s.  Mercurielle,  see  Salivation,  mercu- 
rial—  s.  IJlcereuse,  Stomatitis,  aphthous. 

STOMATI'TIS,  from  crro/.a,  cro^aro<;,  'the 
mouth,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  (F.) 
Inflammation  de  la  Bouche ;  Inflammation  of  the 
mouth. 

Stomatitis,  Aphthous,  S.  follic' ular  ov  ul'ce- 
rous,  Em'phlysis  Aphtha,  A.  Adulto'rnm,  (F.) 
Stomatite,  S.  ophtheuse  ou  follienleuse  ou  ulcS- 
reuse.  An  inflammation  of  the  follicles  of  the 
mouth,  constituting  the  aphthse  of  the  adult, 
which  is  generally  accompanied  by  cephalic,  gas- 
trie,  and  general  disturbance.  It  may  be  either 
discrete  or  confluent,  and  requires  general  and 
local  treatment,  adapted  to  the  case. 

Stomatitis,  Erythem'atous.  Simple  inflam- 
mation of  the  mouth. 

Stomatitis,  Exsudativa,  Aphthae — s.  Follicu- 
lar, S.  aphthous  —  s.  Gangrenous,  Cancer  aquati- 
cus—  s.  Materna,  Stomatitis  of  nursing  women. 

Stomatitis,  Mercu'rial,  S.  mercuria'Us,  Hy- 
drargyrostom' a.tis,  Hydrargyrostomati'tis.  In- 
flammation of  the  mouth  induced  by  mercury. 

Stomatitis  of  Nursing-women,  S.  Nutri'dim 
seu  Mater'na,  appears  to  be  a  variety  of  S.  aph- 
thous. 

Stomatitis  Nutricdm,  Stomatitis  of  nursing- 
women. 

Stomatitis,  Pseudomem'branous,  (F.)  Stoma- 
tite couenneuse,  Diphtherite  buccale.  Pseudo-mem- 
branous inflammation  of  the  mouth;  —  in  its 
worst  form,  Stomatyphus,  (F.)  Fegarite.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  mouth  accompanied  by  the  exuda- 
tion of  a  false  membrane,  —  a  disease  which  is 
rarely  seen  except  in  large  foundling  establish- 
ments. 

Stomatitis,  Ulcekous,  S.  aphthous — s.  Vesi- 
culosa infantum,  Aphthse. 

STOMATOCACE,  Stomacace. 

STOMATODYNIA,  Stomalgia. 

STOMATO  -  GASTRIC,  Sto'mato  -gas'tricus, 
Stomo-gastric,  Stomo-gaa'tricus,  from  aro/ia,  aro- 
naTOi,  'the  mouth,'  and  yaarrip,  'the  stomach.' 
Appertaining  to  the  mouth  and  stomach, — as  the 
stomato-gastric  ganglia  of  the  lower  animals.  See 
Encephalon  and  Nerves. 


STOMATOMALACIA  PUTRIDA  872 


STRANGULATION 


STOMATOMALACIA  PUTRIDA,  Cancer 
aquaticus. 

STOMATONECROSIS,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Sto- 
macace. 

STOMATONOMA,  Stomaeace. 

STOMATOPA'NUS,  from  arona,  oToyiaTos,  '  the 
mouth,'  and  Ttavoi,  '&  glandular  tumour.'  Sto- 
matophy'ma  glandidosum,  Panus  Fau'cium.  Tu- 
mefaction of  the  glands  of  the  mouth. 

STOMATOPIIY'MA.from  aTOjxa,  cToyiaTOi,  'the 
mouth,'  and  (pv^a,  '  a  swelling.'  A  swelling  in 
the  mouth. 

Stomatophysia  Glandulosum,  Stomatopanus. 

STOMATOPLAS'TIC,  Stomatoplas'ticus;  from 
cTcita,  aTO/iaros,  '  the  mouth,'  and  n^aaao),  '  I  form.' 
An  epithet  for  the  operation  of  forming  a  mouth, 
■where  the  aperture  has  been  contracted  from  any 
cause.     Stomatoplas'ty. 

STOMATORRHAG"IA,  Stomatorrhce'a,  Hcb- 
morrhag"ia  oris  sea  fau'cium,  San'guinis  proflu'- 
rium  ex  Ore,  HmmorrhoVdes  Oris,  Stomato'sis, 
Stomorrhag"ia,  (F.)  Hemorrhagie  buccale,  from 
oTciya,  (TTa/iaroi,  '  the  mouth,'  and  priyvviit,  'I break 
out.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  mouth. 

Stomatorrhagia  Alveolouum,  Phatnorrha- 
gia — s.  Gingivarum,  Ulorrhagia. 

STOMATORRIICEA,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STOMATOSCOPE,  from  aTufxa,  UTonaroi, 
'mouth,'  and  cKoiieu>,  'I  view.'  Any  instrument 
for  keeping  the  mouth  open,  so  as  to  permit  the 
parts  within  to  be  inspected  ;  Speculum  oris. 

STOMATOSEPSIS,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

STOMATOSIS,  Stomatorrhagia, 

STOMATOSPASMUS,  Trismus. 

STOMATYPHUS,  Stomatitis,  pseudomembra- 
nous. 

STOMENCEPHALUS,  Stomocephalus. 

STOMOCEPH'ALUS,  Stomenceph'alus,  (F.) 
Stomocephcde,  Stomencephale ;  from  cTOjxa, 
'  mouth,' and  Kc<pa\rj,  'head.'  A  genus  of  mon- 
sters, having  two  contiguous  eyes,  or  a  double  eye 
occupying  the  median  line ;  the  nasal  apparatus 
atrophied  and  forming  a  tube  (trompe) ;  the  jaws 
rudimental  ;  and  the  mouth  imperfect  or  want- 
ing.—I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

STOMOMANICON,  Platysma  myoides. 

STOMORRHAGIA,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STONE  IN  THE  BLADDER,  Calculi,  vesical 
—  s.  Binder,  Osteocolla  —  s.  Crop,  Sedura  —  s. 
Crop,  biting,  Sedum — s.  Mint,  Cunila  mariana — 
s.  Pock,  Acne  —  s.  Root,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

STONES,  THE,  Testes. 

STOOL,  Dejeetio. 

Stool,  Calomel,  see  Calomel. 

STORAX,  Styras  —  s.  Liquida,  Liquidambar 
styraciflua. 

STOREY'S  WORM  CAKES.  An  empirical 
preparation,  formed  oi  calomel  "^i,  jalap)  ^j,  zin- 
gib.  Qij,  sacch.  ^j,  cinnab.  antim.  q.  s.  to  colour 
them ;  sprup.  simpl.  q.  s.  to  make  into  cakes. 

STORKEILL,  Geranium  maculatum. 

STOUND,  Stitch. 

STOVE,  ^stua'yjum,  Stupha.  Old  French,  JEs- 
tuve;  a  Stew,  (F.)  Etuve.  A  limited  space,  warm- 
ed artificially,  and  in  which  the  air  is  slowly  re- 
newed. It  is  used  for  drying  various  substances, 
as  plants,  extracts,  conserves,  &c.,  or  for  taking 
vapour  baths.  In  this  case,  the  steio  or  stove  is 
said  to  be  wet  or  humid ;  in  the  opposite  case,  it 
is  said  to  be  dry,  (P.)  seche.  The  latter,  which 
is  used  by  the  Turks,  is  the  Lacon'icum  or  Cali- 
da'rium  of  the  Romans.  The  former  is  their 
Tepida'rium  or  Vapora'riiim.  These  kinds  of 
baths  greatly  excite  the  cutaneous  transpiration  ; 
and  are  valuable  agents  in  rheumatic  and  other 
affections. 

STRABL  see  Strabismus. 

STRABILISMOS,  Strabismus. 

STRABIS'MUS,  Strabilis'mos,  Parop'sis  Stra- 


bismtts,  from  arpaPo;,  'twisted,'  'one  who  squints;* 
Strabos'itas,  Loxoplitlial'mus,  Distor'sio,  Lus'citas, 
Illo'sis,  llo'sis,  Helo'sis,  Squinting,  Cross  eye, 
(Prov.)  Doyle,  Gleeing,  (Se.)  Skellie,  Skeehj,  (F.) 
Strabisme,  Vue  louche,  Louchement.  Want  of 
concordance  of  the  optic  axes.  It  may  be  de- 
pendent upon  natural  or  acquired  inequality  in 
the  action  of  the  motor  muscles  of  the  eye;  on  a 
convulsive  state  of  one  of  those  muscles  ;  a  dif- 
ference in  the  sensibility  of  the  two  eyes;  or  a 
cerebral  affection.  In  the  treatment,  if  the  dis- 
ease seem  to  depend  upon  an  excess  of  strength 
in  one  of  the  motor  muscles,  we  must  endeavour 
to  give  tone  to  that  which  is  too  weak,  by  placing 
before  the  eye  a  mask  having  a  small  aperture 
on  the  side  to  which  it  is  necessary  to  direct  the 
pupil ;  or  by  wearing  glasses,  provided  with  a 
piece  of  looking-glass,  on  the  side  to  which  the 
eye  is  vitiously  turned;  so  that  the  reflection 
may  be  inconvenient,  and  occasion  the  organ  to 
be  turned  in  an  opposite  direction  ;  or  by  putting 
a  black  patch  on  the  angle  opposite  to  that  to 
which  the  eye  is  turned.  If  owing  to  weakness, 
the  organ  must  be  strengthened  by  being  ex- 
erted alone,  and  by  leaving  the  other  at  rest. 
If  the  disease  be  symptomatic  of  cerebral  affec- 
tion, attention  must,  of  course,  be  directed  to  the 
latter. 

Strabismus  may  be  single,  or  affect  one  eye 
only,  or  double,  and  it  may  be  convergent  or  di- 
vergent. 

Those  affected  with  Strabismus  are  called  Strn- 
bi,  Strabo'nes,  Strabo'ni,  Strebli,  Illi,  lU'ides, 
Squint'ers,  Squint-eyed,  (Sc.)  Gleyed,  (F.)  Loaches, 
Bigles.  A  slight  deviation  is  generally  called  a 
Cast  in  the  Eye,  and,  sometimes,  a  Cock-eye. 

Strabismus,  Convergent,  see  Strabismus — s. 
Divergent,  see  Strabismus' — -s.  Double,  see  Stra- 
bismus— s.  Single,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABONES,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABONL  see  Strabismus. 

STRABOSITAS,  Strabismus. 

STRABOT'OMY,  Strabotom'ia,  from  arpa^og, 
'one  who  squints,'  and  to/ij;,  'incision.'  The 
operation  for  the  removal  of  squinting  by  the 
division  of  the  muscle  or  muscles  that  distort  the 
eye-ball. 

STRAE-DEATH,  see  Death. 

STRAIN,  Sprain. 

Strain,  colore,  (P.)  couler,  from  arpayytLV, 
striiigere,  (F.)  estreindre,  'to  constrict  or  squeeze.' 
To  pass  decoctions,  infusions,  Ac,  forcibly  through 
linen  ;  also,  to  exert  an  effort.  This  is  accom- 
plished bj'  fixing  firmly  the  parts  where  the  mus- 
cles to  be  exerted  originate,  in  order  that  their 
full  power  may  be  developed. 

STRAINING,  Nisus. 

STRAITS  OF  THE  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis. 

STRA3T0WE,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRAMONIA,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRAMONIUM,  Datura  stramonium— s.  Foe- 
tidum,  Datura  stramonium — s.  Majus  album, Da- 
tura stramonium  —  s.  Spinosum,  Datura  stramo- 
nium—  s.  Vulgatum,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRANGAL'IDES,  from  <rr(.ayyu,  'I  com- 
press.' Small,  hard  tumours,  which  form,  as  in 
the  breast  when  the  milk  does  not  find  issue. 

STRANGALION,  Tubercle. 

STRANGALIS,  Tubercle. 

STRANGALISMUS,  Strangulation. 

STRANGERS'  FEVER,  see  Fever,  strangers'. 

STRANGULATIO,  Orthopncea,  Strangulation 
—  s.  Uterina,  Angone. — s.  Vulvse,  Hysteria, 

STRANGULA'TION,  StrangulaJ  tio,  Pnix, 
Pnig'mos,  Strangalis'mns,  (F.)  Etranglement, 
Strangidation.  From  arpayyij},  'I  constrict  Oi 
squeeze.'  State  of  a  part  too  closely  constricted 
Thus  we  say  that  there  is  strangidation  of  an  iu 


STRANGULATOR 


873 


STROPHULUS 


testinal  hernia,  when  the  opening  that  gives  pas- 
sage to  the  portion  of  protruded  intestine  con- 
tracts, so  as  to  intercept  the  continuity  of  the 
digestive  canal.  In  Legal  3Iedicine,  it  means  the 
forcible  obstruction  of  the  air  passages,  by  a 
ligature  or  by  the  hand,  for  criminal  purposes. 
See  Suffocation. 

STRANGULATOR,  see  Lycoides. 
STRANGURIA,  Enuresis— s.  Cruenta,  Cystor- 
rhagia. 

STRANGURIE,  Strangury— .«.  3Ienstruelle, 
Dysmenorrhoea. 

STRANGU'RIOUS  ;  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Affected  with,  or  of  the  nature  of,  strangury. 

STRAN'GURY,  Strangu'ria,  Paru'ria  stilla- 
ti'tia,  from  arpayyuv,  'to  squeeze,'  and  ovpov, 
'urine:'  Dynu'ria,  Uri'ncB  Stillicid'ium  seu  Suh- 
atil'luni,  (F.)  Strangurie.  Extreme  difficulty  in 
evacuating  the  urine,  which  issues  onlj^  drop  by 
drop,  and  is  accompanied  with  heat,  pain,  tenes- 
mus at  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  <fec.  See  Ischuria, 
and  Retention. 

STRAPPING,  WATER,  see  Water -dressing 
— s.  Wet,  see  Water-dressing. 

STRATHPEFFER,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OP.  A  sulphuretted  water,  at  Strathpeffer,  a  few 
miles  west  from  Dingwall,  in  Ross-shire,  Scot- 
land. It  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate  of 
lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
and  sulpho-hydric  acid. 

STRATIOTES,  Achillea  millefolium. 
STRATUM   BACILLATUxM,  see  Tunica  Ja- 
eobi — s.  Corneum,  Epidermis — s.  Malpighii,  Cor- 
pus mucosum — s.  Pigmenti,  see  Choroid — s.  Pro- 
ligerum,  Proligerous  disc. 

STRAWBERRY,  Fragaria— s.  Bush,  Euony- 
mus  Americanus  —  s.  Shrubby,  Rubus  arcticus — 
s.  Tree,  Euonymus  Americanus — s.  Wild,  Fragaria 
Virginiana. 

STREAK,  PRIMITIVE,  Groove,  primitive. 
STREATHAM,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 
Streatham  is  a  village  near  London.     The  waters 
are  saline  and  cathartic. 
STREBLI,  see  Strabismus. 
STREBLOSIS,  Luxation. 
STREMMA,  Luxation,  Sprain. 
STREPITO'SUS  MORBUS.    '  Noisy  disease.' 
A  kind  of  flatulent  disease,  said  by  Sorbait  to  be 
not  uncommon  in   the  Austrian  Alps,  in  which 
emphysematous  tumours  form  on  different  parts 
of  the  body,  —  accompanied  by  sonorous  excre- 
tion of  gas  by  the  mouth  and  anus. 

STREPITUS  AURIUiM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
STRETCHING,  Pandiculation. 
STRIjE,  Vibices — s.  Ciliares,  Ciliary  processes 
— s.  Cornese,  Tenia  semicircularis — s.  Longitudi- 
nales  Lancisii,  see  Corpus  callosum  —  s.  Medul- 
lares,  see  Processes  teretes  —  s.  RetinsB  subjectse 
ligamento  ciliari.  Halo  signatus — s.  Semilunares, 
Tfenia  semicircularis — s.  Terminales,  Taenia  semi- 
circularis —  s.  Transversales  AVillisii,  see  Corpus 
callosum. 

STRIATED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see  Mus- 
cular fibre. 

STRIATUS,  Cannele,  Grooved,  see  Corpora 
striata. 

STRIBILTGO,  Efflorescence. 
STRICTURA,  Stricture  — s.  Ani,  Stricture  of 
the  rectum  —  s.  Intestini  recti,  Stricture  of  the 
rectum  —  s.  Intestini  recti  spasraodica.  Stricture 
of  the  rectum,  spasmodic — s.  Qllsophagi  callosa. 
Dysphagia  constricta  —  s.  ffisophagi  spasmodiea, 
ffisophagismus — s.Pharyngis  seu  oesophagi  vera, 
Dysphagia  constricta  —  s.  Praeputii,  Phimosis  — 
s.  UrethriB,  Urethrostenosis — s.  Ventriculi,  Stric- 
ture of  the  stomach. 

STRICTURE,  Strictu'ra,  from  stringere,  stria- 
tum, 'to  tie  hard.'  Cnarctn'tio,  Stegno'ais,  (F.) 
Retrecissement.     A  diminution  or  contracted  con- 


dition of  some  tube  or  duct,  as  the  oesophagus, 
rectum,  urethra,  &o.  This  must  be  dilated  by 
appropriate  bougies.  Strictures  maj',  also,  occur 
in  the  intestines:  they  are  unmanageable,  with 
the  exception  of  those  of  the  rectum,  which  admit 
of  topical  applications. 

Sthictoee  of  the  (Esophagus,  Dysphagia 
constricta  —  s.  of  the  Pharynx,  Dysphagia  con- 
stricta. 

Stricture  of  the  Rectum,  Spasmod'ic,  Stric- 
tu'ra Intesti'ni  Recti  Kpasmod'ica,  Obstruc'tio  Recti 
spas' tica.  An  affection  occurring  in  the  nervous 
especially,  which  subsides  spontaneously,  after  a 
longer  or  shorter  continuance. 

Stricture  of  the  rectum,  Strictu'ra  Am'  seu  In- 
testi'ni Recti,  Archostegno'ma,  Rectosteno'sis,  Eu- 
tliy enterosteno' via.  Arch ostegno' sis,  Archosteiio'sis, 
Proctoencli' sis,  Aiigvsta'tio  et  Restric'tio  intestini 
recti  seu  ani,  Stenocho'ria  intesti'ni  recti,  Procto- 
steno'sis  organ'ica,  occurs  also  organically,  and  is 
a  very  serious  affection ;  being  generally  depend- 
ent upon  scirrhus. 

Stiucture  of  the  Stomach,  Gastrosteno'sis, 
Coarcta'tio  seu  Strictu'ra  venlric'uli.  See  Gas- 
trostenosis  cardiaca,  &e. 

Stricture  of  the  Urethra,  Urethrostenosis 

—  s.  of  the  Urinary  bladder,  Cystostenochoria — 
s.  Vesicae  urinarise,  Cystostenochoria. 

STRIDOR  DENTl'UM,  Brygmus. 

STRIGA  CARTILAGINOSA  CORDIS,  Isth- 
mus of  the  fossa  ovalis. 

STRIGIL,  Strig'ilis,  Stlen'gis,  SteJen'gis.  A 
flesh-brush.  Also,  an  instrument,  anciently  used 
in  the  baths,  for  scraping  off  the  sweat. 

STRIPED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see  Muscu- 
lar fibre. 

STROBILITFTES,  from  arpofiiUi,  stro'bihcs, 
'a  cone  of  the  pine.'  Wine  impregnated  with 
the  cones  of  the  pine. 

STROEMIA,  Cadaba. 

STROKE,  APOPLECTIC.  An  apoplectic 
seizure. 

Stroke,  Back,  of  the  Heart,  Impulse,  dia- 
stolic. 

Stroke,  Paralyt'ic.  A  sudden  attack  of  en- 
cephalo-spinal  paralysis. 

STROMA,  Strag'ulum,  Stramen'tum ;  cTpu>na, 
'a  bed  or  couch,'  from  orpMi/mu,  crrpui'vujui,  'to 
spread  out;  to  cover.'  The  bed  or  foundation- 
texture  of  an  organ, — as  the  stroma  of  the  ovary. 
Applied,  also,  to  the  bed  or  base  of  any  deposit 

—  as  the  'amorphous  stroma'  of  scrofulous  de- 
posits. 

STROMBULCUS,  Forceps  (bullet.) 

STRONGLE,  Strongylus— s.G'eaji/,  Strongylus 
gigas. 

STRON'GYLUS,  from  crrpoyyuXoj,  'round.' 
Hippocrates,  Chabert,  and  others,  mean  the  A'.'- 
caris  lumhrico'i'des  by  this  term.  The  Strongylus 
Gigas,  Eitatron'gylus  gigas,  As'caris  viscera'Iis 
seu  rena'lis,  Fusa'ria  viscera'lis  et  rena'lis,  (F.) 
Strangle,  S.  gennt,  is,  however,  distinct.  It  has 
an  obtuse,  flat  head;  mouth  surrounded  with  six 
flattish  papillae  :  the  whole  bursa  of  the  male  trun- 
cated :  the  tail  of  the  female  rounded.  It  is  some- 
times met  with, — five  inches,  a  foot,  a  foot  and  a 
half,  and  even  three  feet  long,  —  and  from  two 
lines  to  half  an  inch  in  diameter.  It  is  occa- 
sionally found  in  the  human  kidney;  rarely  in 
other  viscera,  and  still  more  rarely  in  the  intes- 
tinal tube. 

Strongylus,  Teres. 

STROPHOS,  Tormina. 

STROPHULE,  Strophulous. 

STROPH'ULUS,  Licheni'asia  strnjih' vhis, 
Ehullit"io,  E.ranthe'ma  seu  Exo-'-^^n  strophulus, 
Red  Gum,  Red  Gown,  Tooth  Rash,  White  Gum, 
Mlilk-spots,  (F.)  Strophule,  Feux  de  dents.  It 
consists    of  an    eruption    of  red,    or    sometimes 


STROPHUS 


874 


STRTCHNOS 


whitisli  pimples,  occurring  in  early  infancy, 
chiefly  about  the  face,  neck,  and  arms,  surrounded 
by  a  reddish  halo  ;  or  interrupted  by  irregular 
patches  of  cutaneous  blush.  All  the  varieties 
under  this  genus  arise  in  consequence  of  the  ex- 
treme vascularity  and  irritability  of  the  skin  at 
this  period  of  life,  when  the  constitution  is  liable 
to  be  disturbed  by  irritation,  either  in  the  ali- 
mentary canal,  gums  or  other  parts.  None  of 
these  eruptions  are  of  any  importance,  and  no 
medical  treatment  is  usually  necessary.  If  the 
stomach  seem  at  all  disordered,  a  little  rhubarb 
and  magnesia  may  be  administered  occasionally. 
Willan  and  Bateman  reckon  five  species,  —  Stro- 
jihuluD  intertinc'tiw,  lied  gum  or  goicn  ;  S.  al'hidus, 
white  gum;  S.  confer'tus,  rank  red  gum,  Tooth 
rash  J  S.  voJat'icus  or  Erythe'ma  volat'icum,  and 
S.  cau'didus. 

Steophulus  Sylvestris,  Ignis  sylvaticus — s. 
Volaticus,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 
STROPHUS,  Tormina. 
STRUCTIO,  Structura. 

STRUCTURAL;    same  etymon  as  the  nest. 
Of,  or  belons;ing  to,  .structure. 

STRUCTURE,   Structu'ra,    Stnic'tio,    Confor- 
ma'tio,    Gntasceu'e,    from    struei-e,    strucfum,    '  to 
build.'     The  arrangement  of  the  different  tissues 
or  organic  elements  of  which  animals  and  vege- 
tables are  composed.     See  Tissue. 
STRUMA,  Bronchocele,  Scrofula. 
Struma  Adipo'sa,  Ohes'itas  colli.    Fatty  neck. 
Prominence  of  the  neck  from  obesity. 
STRrifA  FcNGOSA,  Encephaloid. 
STRUM ES,  Scrofula. 
STRUM E TJX,  Scrofulous. 
STRUMOSIS  CEREBRI,  Encephalophymata 
—  s.  Pulmnnum,  Tubercles  of  the  lungs. 
STRUMOSUS,  Scrofulous. 
STRUMOUS,  Scrofulous. 
STRUTHIOPH'AGUS,    from     arpov^wv,    'a 
young  ostrich,'  and  (payu),  '1  eat.'     Struthiopha- 
gous  tribes  still  exist  in  some  parts  of  Africa. 
STRUTHIUM,  Saponaria. 
STRUVE'S  LOTION  FOR  HOOPING- 
COUGH,  see  Lotion,  Struve's,  for  hooping-cough. 
STRYCli:^IA,Str7/chni'na,Str,jch'nme,Strfch- 
lli'num,  Stri/ch'nium,   Vauqneline,   Tet'anine.     An 
alkaline  principle;  solid,   crystalline,  inodorous, 
bitter,  and  excessively  poisonous,  which  has  been 
found  in  Strychnos  nux  vomica,  S.  Coluhri'na,   S. 
Tieute,  Igna'tia  ama'ra,  Cer'bera   There'tia,  and 
C.   Ah'i'vai.     (Nucia  vomir.cs.   rasur.   ibiv :   calcis 
pulv.  ^vj  ;  acid,  niuriat.  f  ^iij  ;  alcohol.,  acid,  sul- 
phuric, dil.,   liquor.   amvionicB,  carbon,    animal, 
purif.,  aqua,  aa  q.  s.     Digest  the  nux  vomica  in 
two  gallons  of  water,  acidulated  with  a  fluidounce 
of  muriatic  acid,  for  24  hours:  then  boil  for  two 
hours,  and  strain  with  expression  through  a  strong 
linen  bag.     Boil  the  residuum  twice  successively 
in  the  same  quantity  of  acidulated  water,  each 
time  straining  as  before.      Mix  the  decoctions, 
and  evaporate  to  the  consistency  of  thin  syrup  ; 
then  add  the  lime  previously  mixed  with  a  pint 
of  water,   and   boil  for  ten   minutes,   frequently 
stirring.     Pour  the  mixture  into  a  double  linen 
bag,  and  having  washed  the  precipitate  well  with 
water,   press,   dry,  and    powder   it.      Treat   the 
powder  repeatedly  with  boiling  alcohol,  until  de- 
prived of  its  bitterness  ;  mix  the  liquors,  and  dis- 
til off  the  alcohol  by  means  of  a  water-bath.    Mix 
the  residue  with  water,  and  having  applied  heat, 
drop  in  sufiicient  diluted  sulphuric  acid  to  neutra- 
lize and  dissolve  the  strychnia;  then  add  puri- 
fied animal  charcoal ;  boil  for  a  few  minutes,  filter, 
evaporate,  and  crystallize.     Dissolve  the  crystals 
in  waier,  and  add  sufiicient  solution  of  ammonia 
to  precipitate  the  strychnia.    Lastly,  dry  the  pre- 
cipitate on  bibulous  paper.     Ph.  U.  S.)     The  ac- 
tion— therapeutical  and  toxical — of  strychnia  on 


OF, 


seu 
seu 


man  and  animals  is  exactly  like  that  of  tbe  alco- 
holic extract  of  nux  vomica.  It  is,  however, 
more  active.  An  eighth  of  a  grain  is  sufficient 
to  kill  a  large  dog;  and  a  quarter  of  a  grain  pro- 
duces marked  effects  on  the  human  body,  when 
in  health.  It  has  been  given  in  paralysis  and 
other  cases  like  the  nux  vomica.  Dose,  one- 
sixteenth  to  one-twelfth  of  a  grain. 

Strychnia,  Acetate  of,  Strychnise  acetas  — 
s.  Hydriodate  of,  Strychniee  hydriodas — s.  lodate 
of,  Strychnise  iodas — s.  Iodide  of,  Strychnise  hy- 
driodas. 

Strych'nia,  I'odibe  of  Iobhtdrate  of,  (F.) 
lodure  d'lodhydrate  de  Strychnine,  is  made  by 
pouring  a  solution  of  ioduretted  iodide  of  j^otas- 
sium  into  a  solution  of  a  salt  of  strychnia  ;  treat- 
ing the  precipitate  with  boiling  alcohol,  and  crys- 
tallizing. Used  in  the  same  cases  as  strychnia. 
Dose,  a  tenth  to  a  sixth  of  a  grain. 

Strychnia,  Muriate  of,  Strychnise  murias  — 
s.  Nitrate  of,  Strychnise  nitras  —  s.  Sulphate  of, 
Strychnise  sulphas. 

Strychnia    and    Zinc,   Double    Iodide 
Zinc  and  Strychnia,  double  iodide  of. 

STRYCH'NIA  ACE'TAS,  Stryrh'nium. 
Strychni'num  ace'ticum,  Ace'tas  stryth'uii 
strych'nicus,  Ac"etate  of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine. 
This  salt  is  formed  by  the  direct  combination  of 
strychnia  with  acetic  acid.  It  is  given  in  the 
same  cases  as  pure  strychnia. 

Strych'nT/E  Hydri'od as,  S.  iodhy'drns,  Strych'- 
nium  hydro'iod' icum,  Hydri'odas  seu  lodhy'dras 
strych' iiicus,  Hydri'odate  or  Iodide  of  Strychnia, 
is  prepared  by  mixing  a  solution  oi  iodide  of  po- 
tassium with  a  concentrated  solution  of  acetate  of 
strychnia. 

Strych'nIjE  l'ov>AS,Strychni'neB  I'odns,  Stryeh- 
ni'nu  loda'ta,  Strych'nium  seu  Strychni'num  lod'- 
icum,  I'odas  Strych' nii  seu  Strych'nicus,  I'odate 
of  Strych'nia  or  Strychnine.  This  salt  may  be 
formed  by  adding  a  concentrated  solution  of 
iodic  acid  to  strychnia ;  treating  with  boiling 
alcohol;  filtering,  and  leaving  it  to  spontaneous 
evaporation. 

Strych'nia  Md'rias,  Ifu'riate  of  Strychnia. 
(The  product  of  the  union  of  muriatic  acid  and 
strychnia.)  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  strychnia. 
Strychnia  Nitras,  Strych'nium  ni'tri cum,  Ni- 
trate of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine,  (F.)  Nitrate  OU 
Azotate  de  Strychnine.  (The  product  of  the  union 
of  nitric  acid  and  strychnia.)  Used  in  the  same 
cases  as  strychnia. 

Strych'nia  Sulphas,  Strych'nium  sulphu'ri- 
cum.  Sulphate  of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine.  Has 
the  same  properties. 

STRYCHNINA,  Strychnia. 
STRYCHNINE,    Strychnia  — s.   Azotate    of, 
Strychniae  nitras. 

STRYCHNINUM,  Strychnia. 
STRYCHNISM,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 
STRYCH'NIUM,  Strychnia  — s.  Aceticum, 
Strychniae  acetas — s.  Nitricum,  Strychnise  nitras 
—  s.  Sulphuricum,  Strychnise  sulphas. 

STRYCHNOS,  Solanum  dulcamara— s.  Colu- 
brina,  see  Strychnia,  and  S.  Nux  vomica — s.  Guia- 
nensis,  see  Curare  —  s.  Ignatii,  Ignatia  amara. 

Strychnos  NuxVom'ica,  Nux:  Vomica,  Metel'- 
la,  Caniram,  Koochln  tree.  Nat.  Ord.  Loga- 
niacese.  Sex.  Syst.  PentandriaMonogynia.  (F.) 
Vomiquier.  A  tree  of  the  family  Stry/hno'ides, 
which  grows  in  India,  and  the  seeds  of  which 
have  been  long  sold  in  the  shops,  under  the 
names,  Nux  Vomica,  Vomic  or  Poison  nut.  Bache- 
lors' buttons,  &c.,  (F.)  Noix  vomique.  For  a  long 
time,  these  seeds  were  used  only  for  poisoning 
rats;  but  subsequently  an  alcoholic  extract  was 
prepared  from  them,  which  has  been  admin- 
istered in  paralytic  aflFections,  in  small  doses. 
Dose  of  the  Alcoholic  Extract,  Extrac'ium  nucia 


STRTPHXA 


STYLO-GLOSSUS 


vom'icx  spirituo' sum  seu  nucis  vomiccE  rcaino'swn 
seu  nucis  vom'iccB  (tlcnhol'icxtm,  (F.)  Exlrait  alco- 
holiqiie  de  noix  vomique,  one  or  two  grains.  It 
produces  a  kind  of  tetanic  convulsion  in  the  pa- 
ralyzed parts,  when  given  to  the  requisite  extent. 
It  has,  also,  been  administered  in  chronic  diar- 
rhoea and  dysentery.  When  taken  to  such  an 
extent  as  to  induce  toxical  phenomena  —  Stri/ch- 
nism  —  it  causes,  at  first,  or  when  given  in  a 
smaller  dose,  greatly  augmented  excitability  of 
the  spinal  nervous  system,  with  slight  transient 
paroxysms  of  spasms  of  the  limbs,  and  hurried 
respiration.  In  larger  doses,  the  excitability  is 
still  more  developed,  with  paroxysms  of  prolonged 
general  tetanic  convulsions,  laryngismus  or  con- 
traction of  the  glottis,  violent  efforts  of  respira- 
tion, apoplexy,  and  asphyxia. 

The  following  is  the  formula  for  the  prepara- 
tion .of  the  Extrac'tum  Xucrs  Voji'ic^  of  the 
Pharm  U.  S.  Take  of  Nux  vomica,  tbj  ;  Alcohol, 
a  sufficient  quantity.  Expose  the  Nux  Vomica  to 
steam  till  it  is  softened;  then,  having  sliced  and 
dried  it,  grind  it  into  powder.  Introduce  it  into 
an  apparatus  for  displacement,  and  pour  alcohol 
upon  it  gradually,  until  the  liquid  passes  without 
bitterness.  Distil  off  the  greater  part  of  the  alco- 
hol from  the  filtered  liquor,  and  evaporate  the 
residue  to  the  proper  consistence. 

The  bark  is  Vne  faJie  aiu/uftui-a  or  false  enspa- 
ria  bark  ;  Rohiin.     See  Brucea  antidysenterica. 

The  wood  of  Strychnos  Colubri'na,  Jlodira 
caniram,  an  Indian  tree,  which  contains  strychnia, 
was  formerly  considered  a  specific  against  the 
bites  of  venomous  animals ;  and  was  recommended 
by  Boerhaave  in  intermittents.  It  is  the  Lignum 
Colubri'nnm,  (F.)  Bols  de  Couleuvre. 

Under  the  names  arpvyrvri,  and  arpv^voi,  differ- 
ent kinds  of  nightshade  are  described  by  Dio.s- 
corides. 

Strychnos  IcNATir,  Tgnatia  amara. 

Strychxos  Potato'ru.u,  Clearing  nut.  The 
fruit  of  a  large  tree  of  Silhet,  which,  when  ripe, 
is  sold  in  the  markets  of  India,  and  has  been  in- 
troduced into  those  of  London,  under  the  name 
NirmnUees  or  Nirmillies.  One  of  them  is  well 
rubbed  for  a  minute  or  two  around  the  inside  of 
a  vessel  containing  water,  which  it  purifies  by 
causing  the  impurities,  which  the  fluid  contains. 
to  be  deposited  through  its  albumen  and  casein 
it  is  supposed. 

Strychnos  Pseudoqui'na,  Quina  do  Campo, 
of  Brazil,  is  used  by  the  natives  as  a  substitute 
for  cinchona. 

Strychnos  Tieute.  see  Strychnia,  and  Upas — 
s.  Toxicaria,  see  Toxifera,  and  Curare. 

STRYPHNA,  Astringents. 

STRYPHNOS,  Acerb. 

STUDIOSUS  MEDICINE,  Philiatros. 

STUDIUM  INANE,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 

STUDY,  BROWN,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 

STUFF,  see  Medicament. 

STUFFING,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

STULTITIA,  Fatuitas. 

STUMP,  (G.)  Stumpf,  (D.)  Stomp,  'a 
stump  ;'  also,  '  blunt.'  (F.)  3foignon.  The  part 
remaining  from  which  a  limb  or  other  part  has 
been  amputated  or  removed  in  any  manner.  Also, 
the  portion  of  a  tooth  remaining  in  the  alveolus, 
after  the  corona  has  been  removed,  (F.)  Chicot. 

STUMPFOOT,  Kyllosis. 

^STUNNED.  Old  French,  Estonni,  (F.)  Bton- 
ne,  (L.)  uttonitua,  'astonished.'  An  epithet, 
applied  to  one  who,  in  consequence  of  a  fall  or 
other  accident,  has  received  such  a  concussion 
of  the  brain  as  to  deprive  him,  for  a  time,  of  his 
mental  manifestations. 

STUPA,  trrvTJ?,  Sfupha,  Stuppa,  otiitttd?,  Stu- 
pei'on.    Tow,  used  in  certain  surgical  apparatuses 


and  dressings,  (F.)  Etoupe.  Also,  a  Stupe,  that 
is,  cloth  or  tow  used  in  fomentations.  A  flannel 
or  other  article  wrung  out  of  hot  water,  plain  or 
medicated,  applied  to  a  part,  is  a  stupe.  The  act 
of  applying  such  stupe  is  called  stuping. 

STUPE.  Stupa. 

STUPEFACIENTIA,  Narcotics. 

STUPEFAOTIFS,  Narcotics. 

STUPEFACTIO,  Narcosis. 

STUPEFIANTS,  Narcotics. 

STUPEION,  Stupa. 

STVPEUR,  Stupor. 

STUPHA,  Stove,  Stupa. 

STUPIA.  Tin. 

STUPIDITAS,  Idiotism,  Imbecility. 

STUPING,  see  Stupe. 

STUPOR,  Ecplex'is,  Eeplex'ia,  Consterna'tio, 
(Se.)  Swarff,  Swerf,  (F.)  Stupeur,  from  stitpere, 
'  to  be  stupefied.'  Diminished  activity  of  the  in- 
tellectual faculties,  often  amounting  to  lethargy. 
It  occurs  in  many  affections,  especially  in  the 
neuroses. 

Stupor,  Narcosis — s.  Artuum,  Obdormitio — s. 
Dentium,  Htemodia  —  s.  Formicans,  Formication 
—  s.  Mentis,  Fatuitas  —  s.  Yigilans,  Catalepsy. 

STUPPE,  Stupa. 

STUPRATION,  Stuprum. 

STUPRUM,  Bapc,  Stupra'tion,  (F.)  Deflora- 
tion, Viol.  Forcible  and  illicit  enjoyment  of  a 
married  or  unmarried  female.  When  committed 
upon  the  latter,  which  is  most  commonly  the 
case,  it  is  also  called,  Beflora'tion,  Deflora'tio, 
Devirgina'tio,  Vitia'tio,  Apanthis'miiH,  kc.  In 
judging  whether  rape  has  been  committed  under 
such  circumstances,  the  state  of  the  genital  or- 
gans;  the  age  of  the  individual;  and  the  possibi- 
lity of  accidents  and  diseases  of  the  parts,  will 
have  to  be  considered.  It  will  be  necessary,  also, 
to  be  acquainted  with  the  evidences  of  virginity; 
and  to  determine, — if  signs  of  virginity  no  longer 
exist,  —  whether  its  loss  be  attributable  to  copu- 
lation, or  to  the  introduction  into  the  vagina  of 
any  other  body  than  the  male  organ,  &c.  Recent 
deflowering  can,  of  course,  be  much  more  readily 
distinguished  than  that  which  has  taken  place 
some  time. 

STUTTERING,  Balbuties. 

STYAN,  Hordeolum. 

STYE.  Hordeolum. 

ST YG MATES.  M.  J.  Cloquet  has  proposed 
this  word,  or  Stigmates,  from  uTtyixn,  '  a  mark,' 
to  designate  the  marks,  in  form  of  cicatrices, 
which  remain  on  the  peritoneum  after  the  oblite- 
ration of  the  neck  of  a  hernial  sac.  They  are, 
commonly,  radiated  folds,  of  a  whitish  appear- 
ance, more  or  less  thick,  and  of  a  fibrous  or  fibro- 
cartilaginous nature. 

STYLET.  Specillum. 

STYLI,  Styloid  processes. 

STYLIFORM,  Styloid. 

STYLO,  in  composition,  relating  or  belonging 
to  the  styloid  process  of  the  temporal  bone. 

STYLO  -  CERATOIDES,  Stylo-hyoideus  —  s. 
Cerato-hyoideus,  Stylo-hyoideus. 

STYLO -CHONDRO-HYOIDEUS.  A  name 
given,  by  Douglas  and  Albinus,  to  a  fleshy  fasci- 
culus which  the  stylo-hyoid  muscle  sometimes 
presents,  and  -which  is  attached  to  the  lesser 
cornu  of  the  os  hyoides.  It  is  the  same  fascicu- 
lus which  Santorini  calls  Stylo-hyoVdes  novus, 
Sti/lo-hyo'ideus  alter. 

STYLO-GLOSSUS.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  nar- 
row behind,  much  broader  before;  is  attached 
to  the  styloid  process  of  the  temporal  bone,  and 
to  the  stylo-maxillary  ligament;  and  is  inserted 
into  the  side  of  the  tongue.  It  raises  the  base  of 
the  tongue  and  carries  it  backwards. 


STYLO-HYOIDEUS 


876 


SUB-ATLOiDEUS 


STTLO-HYOiDEUS,  Stylo-cer' ato-lujotdeus, 
Stylo-ceratoV des,  Stylo-hydides  major,  (F.)  Stylo- 
hyo'idieii.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  superior,  ante- 
rior, and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  thin  and 
narrow,  —  especially  posteriorly:  anteriorly,  it 
opens  to  give  passage  to  the  tendon  of  the  digas- 
tricus.  It  is  attached  to  the  styloid  process  of 
the  temporal  bone,  and  to  the  body  of  the  os 
hyoides.  It  raises  the  os  hyoides,  and  carries  it 
backwards. 

Stylo-hyoid  Ligament  is  a  fibrous,  flattened 
cord,  which  passes  from  the  styloid  process  to  the 
lesser  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides. 

Stylo-hyoid  Nerve  is  the  second  branch 
given  off  by  the  facial  nerve. 

STYLOID,  Sly'liform,  Styloi'des,  GraphioV- 
des,  Graphoi'des,  Graphio  des,  Grapliidoi'des, 
Belono'des,  from  trruXof,  'a  style,'  'a  peg,'  'a  pin,' 
and  uhoq,  'shape.'     Shaped  like  a  peg  or  pin. 

Styloid  Cornua,  see  Hyoides  os. 

Styloid  Proc''esses,  Pencil-like  Processes, 
Proca'sus  Belo'ides  seu  Belemno'ides  seu  BelonoV- 
des  seu  Graphio'idea  seu  GraphoVdes,  Styli,  are, 
1.  A  long  and  slender  process  of  the  temporal 
bone,  to  which  are  attached  the  stylo-glossus, 
stylo-pharyngeus,  and  stylo-hyoideus  muscles, 
and  the  stylo-hyoid  and  stylo-maxillary  liga- 
ments. 2.  Two  slender  and  pyramidal  processes 
at  the  inferior  extremities  of  the  radius  and  ulna. 

STYLO-MASTOID,  Styh-mastoideus.  That 
■which  relates  to  the  styloid  and  mastoid  pro- 
cesses. 

Stylo-mastoid  Arteby  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior auricular,  and,  in  some  subjects,  from  the 
occipital.  It  enters  the  stylo-mastoid  foramen  ; 
passes  along  the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and 
spreads  its  ramifications  on  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  tympanum,  and  in  the  mastoid  cells, 
and  semi-circular  canals  ;  and  terminates  by  anas- 
tomosing with  a  branch  of  the  Arteria  weninc/ma 
media,  which  enters  by  the  Hiatus  FallopH. 
Murray  has  given  the  name — Stylo-mastoid  —  to 
the  posterior  auricular  artery  itself. 

Stylo-Mastoid  Fora'men,  Foramen  Sfylo-mas- 
to'ideum,  seu  Aqucedac'tus  Fallo'pii,  (F.)  Trou 
ajionijme,  is  situate  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  between 
the  styloid  and  mastoid  processes.  It  terminates 
the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  facial  nerve. 

STYLO-MAX'I LLARY,  Stylo-maxilla' ris. 
That  which  relates  to  the  styloid  processes  and 
jaw. 

The  Stylo-Maxillary  Ligament  is  a  liga- 
mentous, flat  cord,  extending  between  the  styloid 
process  and  the  angle  of  the  jaw. 

STYLO-PHARYNGEUS,  (P.)  Stylo -thjro- 
pharyiigien.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior 
and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  slender;  thin 
above ;  attached  to  the  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone,  and  terminates  in  the  parietes  of 
the  pharynx,  as  well  as  at  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  thyroid  cartilage.  It  raises  the  pharynx 
and  carries  it  backwards.  Professor  Chaussier 
has  united,  under  the  name  Stylo-pharyngien, 
the  three  constrictor  muscles  of  the  pharynx,  the 
stylo-phnryntjeus,  and  palato-pharyn2;eus. 

_  STYLOPH'ORUxM  DIPHYL'LUM,  Meconop'- 
sis  diphyl'la,  Chelido'nium  dipjiyl'ltmi,  Cel'andine 
or  Horn  Poppy,  Bruise  root.  An  indigenous 
plant,  of  the  family  Papaveraceas,  growing  from 
western  Pennsylvania  to  Wisconsin,  which  flowers 
from  May  to  August.  The  juice  is  fetid  and  nar- 
cotic. Infused  in  wine,  it  has  been  given  in- 
ternally in  gravel  ;  and  has  been  applied  exter- 
nally to  contusions,  &c. 

STYLO -THYRO-  PHAR  YNGIEN,  Stylo  - 
pharyngeus. 

STYLUS.  Sound, 


Stylus  Excava'tus,  Specil'lam  excava'tum,. 
A  hollow  sound. 

STYMA,  Erection,  Priapismus. 
STYMATOSIS,  Stimatosis. 
STYM'MATA,   from   aTvima,    cTvitnaros,   'that 
which    constricts   or  thickens.'     The   most  solid 
ointments.     Also,  the  ingredients  proper  for  in- 
creasing their  consistence. 

STYPSIS,  Astriction,  Constipation. 
STYPTERIA,  Alumen,  Styptics. 

STYPTIC,  see  Styptics. 

Styptic,  Binelli's,  Aqua  Binellii — s.  Broc- 
chieri's,  Aqua  Brocchierii. 

Styptic,  Baton's.  A  name  first  given  to  Helve- 
tius's  Styptic,  when  introduced  into  Great  Britain. 
It  is  now  usually  made  of  calcined  green  vitriol, 
3j  ;  proof  spirit,  tinged  with  a  little  oak  bark,  Oij. 

Styptic,  Helvetids's,  see  Ferrum  tartariza- 
tum,  and  Styptic,  Eaton's. 

Sty'ptic,  Pagliari's,  Haemostatic,  Pagliari's. 

Styptic,  Ruspini's,  Liquor  Stypt'icus  Ruspini. 
A  nostrum,  said  to  consist  of  gallic  acid,  a  small 
quantity  of  sulphate  of  zinc  and  opium,  dissolved 
in  a  mixture  oi  alcohol  and  rose-water,  which  has 
had  much  reputation  as  an  internal  and  external 
astringent. 

Styptics,  Contrahen'tin,  Constricti'va  Medi- 
camen'ta,  Constringen'tia,  Anastal'tica,  CatastaV - 
tica,  Stypte'ria,  (F.)  Styptiques,  from  arv-oi,  'I 
constringe.'  Sometimes  used  synonymously  with 
astringent,  but  generally  applied  to  a  substance 
employed  to  arrest  hemorrhage, — Ence'mon.  A 
mechanical  styptic  is  one  that  arrests  the  flow  of 
blood,  by  being  applied  immediately  to  the  mouth 
of  the  bleeding  vessel,  or  by  inducing  a  coagu- 
lum,  mechanically,  in  it.  A  chymical  styptic  is 
one  which  coagulates,  chymically,  the  blood 
around  a  bleeding  orifice. 

STYRAC'INUM  O'LEUM.  Oil  obtained  by 
boiling  storax  in  good  olive  oil. 

STYRAX,  cTvpa^.  A  resin  obtained  from  Sty- 
rax  officina'lis  and  ^S'.  calami'ta.  It  is  the  solid 
storax  J — officinal  storax.  There  are  two  kinds 
of  storax  met  with:  1.  Red  Storax,  Gum  Storax, 
Thus  JndcBo'rum,  Styrax  rubra,  Sly'racis  haV- 
samnm,  Balsamnm  styracis  officinalis,  which  is 
obtained  by  incision  from  the  Styrax  officina'lis, 
and  perhaps  from  the  Liquidam'har  Orienta'lis. 
The  purest  is  in  tears  :  but  it  has  lost  some  of  its 
smell  in  drying.  2.  Common  Storax,  Styrax  ca- 
lami'ta. That  which  has  been  received  in  reeds 
or  vessels,  and  has  had  saw-dust  added  immedi- 
ately to  thicken  it.  The  odour  of  storax  is  fra- 
grant; the  taste  aromatic.  It  is  considered,  like 
the  other  balsams,  to  be  stimulant  and  expecto- 
rant, but  is  rarely  used  long. 

Pu'rified  Storax,  S.  cola'ta  sen  ptirifica'ta, 
S.  prfBpara'ta,  Extractum  sty'racis,  is  prepared 
by  dissolving  storax  in  alcohol;  straining  the  so- 
lution ;  then  distilling  oflF  the  alcohol  with  a  gen- 
tle heat,  until  the  storax  acquires  the  proper  con- 
sistence.—  Ph.  U.  S.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xxx. 

Styrax  Alba,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum  —  s. 
Benzoin,  see  Benjamin  —  s.  Calamita,  see  Styrax 
— s.  Liquida,  Liquidambar  styraciflua  —  s.  Offici- 
nalis, see  Styrax. 

STYSIS,  Erection,  Priapismus. 

SUAVEOLENS,  Beneolens. 

SUB.  A  common  Latin  prefix,  often  signifying 
'beneath,'  or  'a  lower  degree.' 

SUBACIDUS,  Acidulous. 

SUBAC'TIO,  Chiro'sis,  Cheiro'sis,  from  suhigo, 
snhactum,  (sub,  and  ago),  'to  subject,  to  prepare.' 
The  operation  of  making  plasters,  extracts,  <fcc., 
with  the  hand,  or  with  the  pestle  and  mortar. 

SUBAFFECTIO,  Hydropathia. 

SUBAGITATRIX,  Tribade. 

SUB-ATLOiDEUS,  Infra-atloideus,  (F.)  Sous- 
atloidien.     That   which    is    situate    beneath    the 


SUB-AXOIDEUS 


SUBLINGUAL 


atlas  or  first  cervical  vertebra.  Chaussier  has 
given  this  name  to  the  second  pair  of  cervical 
nerves. 

SUB-AXOIDEUS,  Infra-axoideus,  (F.)  Soua- 
axo'idien.  That  which  is  below  the  axis  or  ver- 
tebra dentata.  Chaussier  has  given  this  name  to 
the  third  pair  of  cervical  nerves. 

SUBAZOTAS  BISMUTICUS,  Bismuth,  sub- 
nitrate  of. 

SUBBORAS  NATRICUM,  Borax. 

SUBCARTILAGINEUM,  Hypochondre. 

SUBCLA'VIAN,  Subcla'vius,  Suhclavicida'ris, 
from  suh,  and  clavis,  '  the  clavicle.'  That  which 
is  under  the  clavicle. 

Subclavian  Arteries,  (F.)  Arth-es  sovs-ela- 
vieres,  are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the  chest, 
and  the  lateral  and  lower  parts  of  the  neck. 
The  right  arises  at  the  corresponding  side  of  the 
trachea,  and  comes  off  from  the  arteria  innomi- 
nata  or  braehio-cephalic  trunk.  The  left  leaves 
the  aorta  at  the  end  of  the  arch.  '  Both  extend 
as  far  as  the  superior  surface  of  the  first  rib,  in 
the  space  between  the  scaleni  muscles,  beyond 
which  they  take  the  name  axiUavy  arteries. 
The  subclavian  arteries  run,  for  some  distance, 
without  sending  off  any  branch.  In  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  first  rib,  however,  they  give  off, 

1.  Upwards,  the  vertebral  and  inferior  thyroideal. 

2.  Doionioards,  the  internal  mammary  and  supe- 
rior intercostal.  3.  Outwards,  the  transverse  cer- 
vical or  posterior  scapular,  the  superior  scapular, 
and  the  posterior  cervical  or  profunda. 

Subclavian  or  Subclavius  Muscle,  Sulcla- 
via'nus,,  (F.)  Costo-claviculaire  (Ch.),  Sous-cla- 
vier, is  situate  at  the  superior  and  anterior  part 
of  the  chest.  It  is  attached,  by  its  inner  extre- 
mity, to  the  superior  surface  of  the  cartilage  of 
the  first  rib;  and  by  its  superior  margin  and 
outer  extremity  to  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
clavicle.  This  muscle  depresses  the  clavicle,  and 
carries  it  forward.  When  the  shoulder  is  fixed, 
it  can  raise  the  first  rib. 

Subclavian  Veins,  (F.)  Veines  sovs-clarih-es, 
are  continuations  of  the  axillary,  and  extend  from 
the  inferior  extremity  of  the  scalenus  anticus,  in 
front  of  which  they  pass,  to  the  vena  cava  supe- 
rior, which  they  form  by  their  union.  The  right 
subclavian  vein  is  very  short;  the  left,  longer 
and  broader.  These  veins  receive  the  mouths  of 
the  internal  and  external  jugulars,  vertebral  and 
superior  intercostal.  The  left  subclavian  receives 
two  veins  more  than  the  right,— the  left  internal 
mammary  and  left  inferior  thyroid.  The  thora- 
cic duct  opens  into  the  left  subclavian  : — the  cor- 
responding great  lymphatic  vessel  into  the  right. 

SUBCLAVIC'ULA,  from  sub,  and  elavicula, 
'  the  clavicle.'     The  first  rib. 

SUBCLAVICULARIS,  Subclavian. 

SUBCLAVIUS,  Subclavian  muscle. 

SUBCRUEN'TUS,  'somewhat  bloody;'  from 
sub,  and  cruentns,  'bloody;'  Hyplce'mos.  Thnt 
which  has  the  colour  and  nature  of  blood.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  excreted  substances,  which 
are  mixed  with  blood,  or  have  the  appearance  of 
blood. 

SUBCRUR^ilT,  see  Crurseus. 

SUBCUTA'NEOUS,  subcuta'neus,  from  sub,  and 
cutis,  'the  skin  ;'  Intercuta'neus,  (F.)  Sons-cutane. 
That  which  is  placed  immediately  under  the  skin. 

Subcutaneous  Section,  Hypodermatomy. 

SuBciTTANEUs  CoLLi,  Superficialis  colli  —  s. 
Malse  (INervus),  Orbitar  nerve. 

SUBDELIRIUM,  Typhomania. 

SUB'DITA,  Subditit"ia,  from  snbdcre,  (sub, 
and  dare,)  'to  put  under;'  Pros' theta.  Medicines 
introduced  into  some  one  of  the  natural  aper- 
tures;—  MS  suppositories,  pessaries,  &c. 

SUBDITITIA,  Subdita. 

SUBDUCTIO,  Dejection. 


SUBER,  Cork: — thebark  of  the  Querctis  Suber 
or  Cork  Tree,  (F.)  Liege.  Family,  Amentaeese. 
Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Polyandria.  Cork,  when 
burnt,  is  applied  as  a  mechanical  styptic  to 
bleeding  piles,  &c.  Surgeons  use  it  for  making 
tents;  and  it  has  been  recommended  to  be  worn 
as  an  amulet  to  suppress  the  secretion  of  milk  ! 
SUBETH,  Coma. 

SUBFRONTA'LIS  SUTU'RA,  from  sub,  and 
frons,  frontis,  'the  forehead.'  A  suture  resulting 
from  the  articulation  of  the  os  frontis  with  the 
nasal  process  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone,  and 
the  proper  bones  of  the  nose. 

SUBGRONDATION,  Depression. 
SUBHUMKRATIO,  Catomismos. 
SUBIGITATRTX,  Tribas. 
SUBINFLAMMATIO,    Subinflammation  —  a. 
Hepatis,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

S  U  B  I N  F  L  A  M  M  A'TION,  Subinflamma'tio, 
from  sub,  and  itiflajnmatio.  Infavnnatiun'cula, 
HypojMegma'sia.  A  mild  degree  of  inflamma- 
tion, so  slight  as  hardly  to  deserve  the  name  in- 
flammation. Broussais  understood  by  the  term, 
an  augmentation  in  the  vital  phenomena  of  the 
vessels  that  convey  white  blood.  There  are,  how- 
ever, no  such  vessels.  Lymphatic  engorgements, 
scrofula,  herpes,  and  cancer  he  considered  subin- 
flammations. 

SUBINTRAN'TES  FEBRES,  from  sub,  and 
intrare,  'to  enter.'  Communican'tes febres.  Fevers 
primarily  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms  approxi- 
mate, so  that  one  paroxj'sm  begins  before  that 
which  preceded  it  has  gone  through  its  stages. — 
L.  Bellini. 

SUBJECTIVE  SENSATIONS,  see  Sensation. 
SUBJEE.  Bangue. 
SUBLIGACULUM,  Truss. 
SUBLIGATURA,  Truss. 
SUBLIMAMENTUM,  Enseorema. 
SUBLIMATE,    CORROSIVE,    Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

SUBLIMA'TION,  SubUma'tio,  Meteoris'mns, 
Hypso'sis,  from  sublimis,  '  exalted.'  An  operation 
by  which  dry  and  solid  matters  are  volatilized 
and  condensed  at  the  upper  part  of  a  subliming 
apparatus.  Calomel,  sal  ammoniac,  &c.,  are  com- 
monly obtained  by  sublimation.  The  product  of 
sublimation  is  a  Sub'limate  Sublima'tum,  (F.) 
Sublime. 

SUBLIMATUM  CORROSIVUM,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

SUBLIMATUS  CORROSIVUS,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

SUBLIME,  Sublimis. 

SUBLJ21E,  Enseorema,  Sublimate — s.  Corro- 
sif,  H.ydrargyri  oxymurias. 

"SUBLI'MiS,  (F.)  Sublime,  'high,  elevated, 
superficial.'  Anatomists  have  given  the  name 
sublimis  to  certain  muscles,  which  are  situate 
more  superficially  than  their  kindred  muscles. 
These  last  they  have  called  profundi.  Of  the  for- 
mer, the  flexor  sublimis  digitorum  is  an  example. 
The  French  use  the  term  respiration  sublime 
for  the  respiration  which  is  accompanied  by  con- 
siderable elevation  of  the  ribs,  and  with  separa- 
tion of  the  alae  nasi  at  the  time  of  inspiration. 
SUBLINGUA,  Uvula. 

SUBLIN'GUAL,  Sublingun'lis,  (F.)  Souslin- 
gual,  from  sid>,  and  lingua,  'the  tongue.'  That 
which  is  seated  under  the  tongue. 

Sublingual  Artery,  with  some,  is  the  Lin- 
gual. With  others,  it  is  a  branch  given  off  by 
the  lingual  opposite  the  genio-glossus  muscle, 
which  is  distributed  particularly  to  the  sublingual 
gland,  to  the  mylo-h3'oid,  and  genio-glossus  mus- 
cles, (fee. 

Sublingual  Gland,  Glan'dula  suhlingua'lis 
seu  Bartholinia'na  seu  liivinia'na,  is  seated  in 
the  substance  of  the  inferior  paries  of  the  mouth. 


SUBLINGUIUM 


878 


SUBSCAPULAR 


beneath  the  anterior  part  of  the  tongue.  It  is 
smaller  than  the  submaxillary,  of  which  it  fre- 
quently seems  to  be  only  a  prolongation.  It  is 
oblong,  flattened,  amygdaloid,  and  is  covered  by 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth,  beneath 
which  it  projects.  This  gland  has  10  or  12  ex- 
cretory ducts  —  Ductus  Rivinia'ni  seu  Walthe- 
ria'ni — some  of  which  open  beneath  the  fr^num 
lingua,  joining  Wharton's  duct,  whilst  others 
pierce  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth  sepa- 
rately. It  has  the  same  structure  as  the  parotid. 
SUBLINGUIUM,  Uvula. 
SUBLINGUUM,  Epiglottis. 
SUBLOB'VLAR,  Sublobula'ris ;  from  sub,  and 
lobiis,  'a  lobe,'  lobulus,  'a  little  lobe.'  That  which 
is  placed  under  a  lobe. 

SuBLOBULAR  Veins  OF  THE  LiVER.  The  veins 
in  which  the  intra-lobular  veins  terminate.  By 
their  union,  the  sublobular  veins  form  the  hepatic 
veins. 

SUBLUXATIO,  Sprain. 

SUBMAM'MARY,  Submamma'rhis,  (F.)  Sous- 
ii^ammaire,  from  sub,  and  mamma,  'the  breast.' 
Under  the  mamma  or  breast; — hence,  'submam- 
mary inflammation,'  inflammation  of  the  areolar 
tissue  beneath  the  mamma. 

SUBMAX'ILLARY,  SubmaxUla'ris,  Infra- 
tnixilla'ris,  (F. )  Sous-maxillaire,  from  sub,  and 
mnxilla,  '  the  jaw.'  That  which  is  seated  beneath 
the  jaw. 

Submaxillary  Ganglion  is  a  small  nervous 
ganglion,  situate  opposite  the  gland.  It  seems 
to  be  formed  by  the  superior  branch  of  the  Vidian 
nerve,  and  communicates  with  the  lingual  nerve 
of  the  inferior  maxillary.  Its  filaments  form  a 
plexus  which  penetrates  the  submaxillary  gland. 
Submaxillary  Gland,  Max'Ulary  Gland,  Hy- 
2}ognath'aden,  Hyposial'aden,  is  a  salivary  gland, 
less  than  the  parotid,  seated  at  the  inner  side  of 
the  ramus  and  body  of  the  inferior  maxillary 
bone,  in  the  triangular  space  between  the  two 
bellies  of  the  digastricus.  Irregularly  ovoid, 
and  flattened  on  three  surfaces,  it  has  the  same 
aspect  and  organization  as  the  other  salivarj' 
glands.  Its  excretory  duct  is  called  Wharton's 
Duct,  and  terminates  at  the  side  of  the  frsenum 
linguas,  by  a  very  small  orifice.  It  is  also  called 
Ductus  inferior. 

SUBMEN'TAL,  Submentals,  (F.)  Sonsmental, 
from  sub,  and  mentum,  'the  chin.'  Situate  under 
the  chin. 

Submental  Artery  is  furnished  by  the  facial, 
near  the  base  of  the  jaw.  It  passes  forwards 
along  the  attachment  of  the  mylo-hyoideus,  to 
which  it  furnishes  branches  that  cross  it  to  anas- 
tomose with  those  of  the  sublingual.  Near  the 
median  line  it  bifurcates,  to  be  distributed  to  the 
chin  and  muscles  of  the  infra-hyoid  region. 

Submental  Vein,  which  accompanies  the 
artery,  opens  into  the  labial. 

SUBMERSION,  Submer'sio,  from  sub,  and 
merge.re,  mersum,  '  to  plunge.'  The  act  of  plung- 
ing, or  being  entirely  plunged,  in  a  liquid. 

Asphyxia  by  submersion,  A.  Immerso'rum, 
Drowning,  is  not  owing  to  a  certain  quantity  of 
liquid  being  introduced  into  the  alimentary  or 
air-passages  ;  but  simply  to  the  interception  of 
air,  and  of  the  respiratory  phenomena.  It  is  a 
ease  of  sufi'ocation,  the  signs  of  which,  on  dis- 
section, are  equivocal,  without  circumstantial 
evidence. 

SUBMISSIO,  Remission  — s.  Cordis,  Systole. 
SUBMU'COUS,  Submuco'sns ;    from  sub,  and 
mucus.     Under   a   mucous   membrane,  —  as    the 
'submucous  areolar  tissue.' 

SUBMURIAS  AMMONIA CO-HYDRARGY- 
RICUS,  Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum. 

SUBMUS'CULAR,  Submuscula'ris;  from  sub, 


and  M!/sc(i?Hs, 'a  muscle.'     Seated  beneath  mus- 
cles or  a  muscular  layer. 

SUBOCCIP'ITAL,  Svboccipita'lis ;  from  sub, 
and  occiput.  That  which  is  situated  under  the 
occiput. 

Suboccip'ital  Nerve,  Occipital  nerve. 
SUBOR'BITAR,  Suborbita'rius,  Infra -or' bitar, 
Infra-orhita'lis,  Infra-orbita'rius,  (F.)  Sous-orbi- 
taire,    from    sub,  and    orbita,  '  the  orbit.'     That 
which  is  seated  beneath  the  orbitar  cavity. 

Suborbitar  Artery,  Infra-orbitar  A.,  pro- 
ceeds from  the  internal  maxillary,  from  which  it 
separates  near  the  anterior  and  superior  part  of 
the  zygomatic  fossa.  It  enters  the  infra-orbitar 
canal,  and  passes  through  it,  giving  branches  to 
the  anterior  and  superior  dental  canal ;  issues  by 
the  foramen  infra-orbitarium ;  and  divides,  in  the 
fossa  canina,  into  a  number  of  branches,  which 
lose  themselves  in  the  neighbouring  parts.  The 
infra-orbitar  vein  follows  the  same  course. 

Suborbitar  Canal,  Infra-orbitar  Canal,  (F.) 
Canal  ou  Conduit  sous-orbitaire,  is  a  small  canal, 
which  runs  obliquely  through  the  substance  of 
the  inferior  paries  of  the  orbit.  It  begins,  behind, 
bj'  a  simple  gutter,  and  divides,  anteriorly,  into 
two  branches,  one  of  which  descends  into  the 
anterior  paries  of  the  maxillary  sinus,  whilst  the 
other  passes  out,  in  the  canine  fossa,  by  an  ori- 
fice, called  Foramen-infra-orbitarium,  (F.)  Trou 
sous-orbitaire.  The  infra-orbitar  artery  and  nerve 
pass  along  it. 

Suborbitar  Fissure,  Infra-orbitar  Fissure, 
Fissu'ra  infra-orbita'lis,  liima  cana'lis  orbita'rii. 
A  fissure  in  the  superior  maxillary  bone;  the 
superior  commencement  of  the  suborbitar  canal. 

Suborbitar  Fossa,  Canine  fossa. 

Suborbitar  Nerves,  Infra-orbitar  Nerves, 
seem  to  terminate  the  superior  maxilhny.  They 
issue  from  the  infra-orbitar  canal  by  the  fnrnmen 
of  the  same  name,  and  spread  out  in  a  radiated 
manner  in  the  fossa  canina,  to  divide  into  superior 
or  palpebral  filaments,  inferior  or  labial,  internal 
or  nasal,  and  external  or  buccal. 

SUBPERITONE'AL,  Subperitonea'lis ;  from 
sub,  ixnd  peritoneum.  That  which  lies  under  the 
peritoneum. 

Subperitoneal  Aponeurosis,  Fascia,  subpe- 
ritoneal—  s.  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  ganglion. 

SUBPLACENTA,  Decidua  membrana. 

SUBPOPLIT^US,  Poplitffius  muscle. 

SUBPUBIC  ARCH,  Arcns  suhpu'bicus,  from 
sub,  and  pubis.  A  strong  arch  of  the  superior 
pelvic  aponeurosis,  which  completes  the  posterior 
orifice  of  the  obturator  or  subpubic  canal. 

Subpubic  Membrane,  Obturator  membrane. 

SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS,  Abductor  brevia 
—  s.  Prostaticus,  Compressor  prostatae. 

SUBPURATIO,  Suppuration. 

SUBPUTRIS,  Hyposaprus. 

SUBSCAP'ULAR,  Suhscapxda'ris,  (T.)  Sous- 
scapulaire,  Sous-scapulo-trochinien,  from  sub,  and 
scapula,  '  the  shoulder-blade.'  That  which  is  be- 
neath the  scapula. 

Subscapular  Fossa,  Fossa  Subscajjula'ris. 
A  considerable  excavation  at  the  anterior  surface 
or  venter  of  the  scapula,  in  which  the  subscapu- 
laris  is  seated. 

Subscapular  Muscle,  Subscapula'ris  Muscle, 
Immer'sus,  Infra-scapula' ris,  (F.)  Sous-scapulo- 
trochinien  (Ch.),  Portefeuille,  Iluscle-sous-scapu- 
laire.  A  muscle  situate  in  the  above-mentioned 
fossa.  It  is  flat,  broad,  and  triangular;  is  at- 
tached, by  its  base,  to  the  subscapulary  fossa  and 
to  the  anterior  lip  of  the  edge  of  the  spine  of  the 
scapula,  and  is  inserted  into  the  lesser  tuberosity 
of  the  humerus.  It  carries  the  arm  in  rotation 
inwards.  It  can  also  depress  it,  and  bring  it 
towards  the  body. 

Subscap'ular   Nerves   are   two  in   number. 


SUBSEROUS 


879 


SUCCOTASH 


One  arises  from  the  brachial  plexus  above  the 
clavicle ;  the  other  from  the  posterior  aspect  of 
the  plexus  within  the  axilla.  They  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  subscapularis  muscle. 

PUBSE'ROUS,  Subsero'eus;  from  suh,  and 
serous.  Under  a  serous  membrane, — as  the  '  sub- 
serous areolar  tissue.' 

SUBSIDENTIA,  Sediment. 

SUBSTANCE  EMAILLEE  DES  DENTS, 
Enamel  of  the  teeth  —  s.  Horny,  see  Tooth. 

SUBSTANCE,  HYALINE,  Cytoblastema  — s. 
Intercellular,  Cytoblastema — s.  Vitree  des  Bents, 
Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

Substance,  White,  of  Schwann.  A  hollow 
cylinder  within  the  tubular  nervous  fibre,  which 
differs  in  composition  and  refracting  power  from 
the  matter  that  occupies  the  centre  of  the  tube. 

SUBSTANTIA  ADAMANTINA  DENTIUM, 
Enamel. 

Sdbstan'tia  Ferrugin'ea,  Locus  eine'revs. 
An  ash  coloured  substance,  produced  by  the  ex- 
istence of  well  marked  pigmentary  matter  in  the 
floor  of  the  fourth  ventricle  or  rhomboid  fossa. 

Substantia  Filamentosa  Dentium,  Enamel — 
8.  Grisea  Centralis,  see  Medulla  spinalis— s.  Hy- 
alina,  Cytoblastema  —  s.  Nigra  pedunculi,  see 
Peduncles  of  the  brain  —  s.  Ossea  dentium,  see 
Tooth  —  s.  Ostoidea,  see  Tooth  —  s.  Perforata  an- 
terior, Locus  perforatus  anticus. 

Substant'ia  Perfora'ta  Me'dia.  When  the 
pia  mater  has  been  removed  from  the  space  be- 
tween the  crura  cerebri,  termed  the  intercru'ral 
or  interpedunc'ular,  the  surface  appears  cribri- 
form from  the  perforations  of  the  numerous 
minute  vessels  which  penetrate  it.  This  is  the 
siibstan'tia  jyerfora'ta  me'dia  of  Vieq  d'Azyr. 

Substantia  Perforata  Posterior,  see  Tarini 
pons — s.  Pulposa  Dentis,  Dental  pulp — s.  Radiata, 
Stelluise  Verheyenii — s.  Rhomboidea,  Corpus  den- 
tatum — s.  Spongiosa  Urethras,  Corpus  spongiosum 
urethrse  —  s.  Stellata  serpentina,  Stelluise  Ver- 
heyenii —  s.  Vitrea  dentium,  Enamel  of  the  teeth 
—  s.  Vitrea,  Cytoblastema  —  s.  Vitrea  dentium. 
Enamel. 

SUB'STANTIVE,  Suhsfanti'vus ;  from  sub- 
stnre,  {sub,  and  stare,)  '  to  stand  under  or  subsist.' 
An  epithet  applied  by  Dr.  Paris  to  aliments  which 
are  nutritious,  in  contradistinction  to  adjective 
aliments,  which  are  themselves  not  possessed  of 
nutritive  virtues,  but  impart  to  the  digestive  or- 
gans greater  energy,  so  as  to  enable  them  to  ex- 
tract more  nutriment  from  the  substantive  ali- 
ments. Meat,  for  example,  is  a  substantive 
aliment:  the  condiment,  as  mustard,  eaten  with 
it,  an  adjective  aliment. 

SUBSTILLUM,  Stillicidium. 

SUBSULTIO,  Palpitation. 

SUBSUL'TUS  TEN'DINUM,  Saltus  ten'di- 
iittm,  Clonus  subsultus,  Subsultns,  Car2)kolog"ia 
spasmod'ica,  Myopal'mus,  Tioitehing  of  the  Ten- 
dons, (P.)  Soubresant,  from  subsilio,  subsnltum, 
(sub  nryd  salio,)  '  to  make  short  leaps.'  Twitch- 
ing, communicated  to  the  tendons  by  the  invo- 
luntary and  instantaneous  contraction  of  the 
muscular  fibres.  It  is  more  observable  at  the 
wrist  than  elsewhere;  and  is  an  evidence  of  great 
cerebral  irritability,  and  debility,  when  it  occurs 
at  an  advanced  period  of  fever. 

The  muscular  agitations  or  twitchings  observed 
in  febrile  diseases,  especially  of  children,  have 
been  termed  ConvulsibiU itas,  Sclerotyr'be  febri' lis, 
and  Irritabil'itas  morbo'sa. 

SUBSURDITAS,  Deafness. 

SUBU'BERES,  from  sub,  and  libera,  'the 
breasts.'  Infan'tes  sugen'tes,  Sucking  children. 
Infants  at  the  breast,  in  contradistinction  to 
Exu'beres,  os-oyaXafcroi,  or  those  which  have  been 
weaned. 


SUBUN'GUIAL,  Sabun'gnaJ,  Subnn'guical, 
(F. )  Sous-unyeale,  from  sub,  and  unguis,  'a  nail.' 
Belonging  to  parts  under  the  nail;  —  as  subun- 
guial  exostosis,  (F.)  Exostose  sous-vngeale,  an  ex- 
ostosis under  the  nail  of  the  great  toe  especially. 

SUBVERSIO  STOMACHI,  Vomiturition. 

SUBVERTEBRA.  Sacrum. 

SUBVERTEBRUM,  Sacrum. 

SUBVOLA,  Hypothenar. 

sue,  Succus  —  8.  de  Citron,  see  Citrus  medica 
— s.  Gastrique,  Gastric  juice — s.  de  Kino,  Kino — 
».  3Tedullaire,  Marrow  —  s.  du  Limon,  see  Citrus 
medica — s.  Nourricier,  Liquor  sanguinis — ».  Pan- 
creatiqtie,  see  Pancreas. 

SUCCA'GO,  from  succus,  'juice.'  The  inspis- 
sated juice  of  plants;  robs,  jellies,  &c. 

SUOCEDANE,  Succedaneum. 

SUCCEDA'NEUM,  Succida'neum,  Substitu'- 
turn,  Antiballom'enum,  Surroga'tum,  Antembal- 
lom'enum.  Quid  pro  quo,  from  succedere,  {sub, 
and  cedere,)  'to  go  under,  to  come  in  place  of 
another.'  (F.)  Succedane.  An  epithet  for  medi- 
cines that  may  be  substituted  for  others  possess- 
ing similar  properties.  Also,  used,  in  dentistrj', 
for  an  amalgam  for  filling  teeth. 

SUCCENTURIA'TUS,  from  suecenturiare, 
{sub,  and  centuria,)  'to  supply  a  soldier  to  fill  a 
vacancy;'  and  hence,  'to  substitute  or  put  in  the 
room  of.'  That  which  is  a  substitute  for  another; 
as  Renes  succenturiati,  Ventriculus  succenturia- 
tus,  &c. 

SUCCHAR,  Saecharum. 

SUCCIDANEUM,  Succedaneum. 

SUCCIN,  Succinum. 

SUCCINCTURA,  Diaphragm. 

SUCCINCTUS,  Diaphragm. 

SUCCINI  RESINA,  Musk,  artificial. 
_  SUCCIN'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Suc'cini,  A.  Sue- 
cin'ieum,  Acor  Succin'eus,  Sal  Succiiii,  Sal  vo- 
lat'ile  Succini,  has  been  considered  antispasmodic 
and  diaphoretic,  in  the  dose  of  from  five  to  twenty 
grains. 

SUCCINUM,  Elec'trum,  Ambra,  Ambram,  Am- 
par,Bereni'ce,  Amber,  Yellow  Amber,  {Y.)  Succin, 
Ambre  j'aune,  from  succus,  'juice,'  because  at  one 
time  supposed  to  exude  from  a  tree.  This  kind 
of  fossil  resin,  which  is  found  on  the  shores  of  the 
Baltic,  is  composed  of  a  resinous  matter,  of  essen- 
tial oil,  and  an  acid  sui  generis.  It  is  inodorous, 
except  when  heated  or  rubbed;  insipid;  in  frag- 
ments of  a  pale  golden-yellow  colour,  transpa- 
rent, and  has  a  shining  lustre.  S.  g.  1-08;  inso- 
luble in  water,  and  slightly  acted  on  by  alcohol. 
It  is  used  for  affording  its  essential  oil  —  the 
O'leum  seu  Bal'samum  Suc'cini,  (F.)  Euile  de 
Succin.  This  oil  possesses  stimulant,  antispas- 
modic, diuretic,  and  rubefacient  properties. 

The  O'leum  Suc'cini  rectifica'tum,  Rectified  Oil 
of  Amber,  is  made  as  follows  : — Oil  of  Amber,  Oj  ; 
tvater,  Ovj.  Mix  in  a  glass  retort,  and  distil  until 
Oiv  of  the  water  have  passed  with  the  oil  into  the 
receiver;  separate  the  oil  from  the  water,  and 
keep  it  in  well-stopped  bottles. — (Ph.  U.  S.) 

The  White  amber,  Leucelec'trum,  (P.)  Ambre 
hlanc,  is  a  variety. 

Succinum  Cinereum,  Ambergris  —  s.  Griseum, 
Ambergris. 

SUCCION,  Sucking. 

SUCCISA,  Scabiosa  suecisa  —  s.  Pratensis,  S. 
succisa. 

SUCCOCOLLATA,  Chocolate. 

SUCCOLATA,  Chocolate. 

SUCCORY,  WILD,  Cichorium  intybus,  Chi- 
ronia  angularis. 

SUCCOTASH,  Such'atash.  A  term  of  Indian 
derivation.  A  favorite  dish  in  New  England, 
formed  of  green  Indian  corn  and  6ea;i«  boiled 
together. 


SUCCUBUS 


880 


SUDORIFIC 


SUCCUBUS,  from  suh,  and  cuhare,  'to  lie.' 
Some  authors  have  used  this  word  sj-nonymously 
with  nightmare.  Others  mean  by  it  a  female 
phantom,  with  which  a  man  in  his  sleep  may  be- 
lieve he  has  intercourse;  —  as  Incubus  has  been 
applied  to  the  male  phantom,  with  which  a  female 
may  dream  she  is  similarly  situate. 

SUCCUS,  Chylus,  Opoa,  Opia'ma,  Chylis'ma, 
Ecchylo'ma,  Apothlim' ma,  Juice,  (F.)  Sue,  from 
sugere,  suctum,  'to  suck.'  The  fluid  obtained  by 
pressing  plants,  flesh,  &c. ;  S^^ccns  expren'sus, 
Opole  (officinal),  Opolide  (magistral),  according 
to  Chereau.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  certain  animal 
fluids,  as  S.  Gastricus,  &c. 

Succus  Acacia  Germanici:  Inspissatus,  sec 
Prunus  spinosa — s.  Acacise  nostratis,  see  Prunus 
spinosa — s.  Arborum,  Sap  —  s.  Cicutaj  spissatus, 
Extractum  conii  —  s.  Cyrenaicus,  Laserpitium. 

SdCCTJS  Enter'icuS,  S.  Intestina'lis,  Liquor  in- 
testina'lis  seu  enter'icus,  Intes'tinal  Juice.  The 
fluid  copiously  secreted  from  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  small  intestines. 

Succus  ExPRESSUS,  Apothlimma  —  s.  Gastri- 
cus,  Gastric  juice  —  s.  Glycyrrhizse,  Extractum 
glj'cyrrhizse  —  s.  Hypocistidis,  see  Cy tinus  —  s. 
Intestinalis,  Succus  enterieus — s.  Japonicus,  Ca- 
techu—  s.  Limonis,  see  Citrus  medica  —  s.  Liqui- 
ritige,  Extractum  glycyrrhizse — s.  Nerveus,  Ner- 
vous fluid — s.  Nutritius,  Chyle  —  s.  Orni  conere- 
tus,  see  Fraxinus  ornus  —  s.  Pancreaticus,  see 
Pancreas  —  s.  Spissatus  Aconiti  Napelli,  Extrac- 
tum aconiti  —  s.  Spissatus  atropte  belladonnre, 
Extractum  belladonnae  —  s.  Spissatus  conii  ma- 
culati,  Extractum  cicutse — s.  Spissatus  hyoscy- 
ami  nigri,  Extractum  hyoscyami  —  s.  Spissatus 
lactucse  sativge,  Extractum  lactucae. 

SUCCUS'SION,  Succus'sio,  Hippocrat'ic  Suc- 
CJis'sion,  from  succutio,  succussum,  (sub,  and  qua- 
lin,)  'I  shake  from  beneath.'  A  mode  of  ascer- 
taining the  existence  of  a  fluid  in  the  thorax, 
(fluctuation  by  succussion,)  by  giving  the  body 
one  or  more  slight  shakes. 

SuccDSSiON,  Ballottement. 

SUCHOR,  Saccharura. 

SUCKATASH,  Succotash. 

SUCKING,  Suc'tio,  Snctus,  Athelx'is,  Bdalsis, 
Myze'iis,  (F.)  Succion,  from  sugere,  suctum,  'to 
suck.'  The  act  of  drawing  liquid  into  the  mouth, 
by  forming  a  vacuum  with  the  tongue  acting  as 
a  piston,  during  inspiration. 

Sucking  Bottle.  A  bottle  so  formed,  that, 
when  filled  with  milk,  it  can  be  sucked  from  in- 
stead of  the  breast. 

Sucking  Child,  Lactens.     A  suckling. 

SUCKLE,  Lactare,  yoKaKTOTooipuv,  ri^t](pvtiv, 
(F.)  Allaiter  ou  Alaiter.  Same  etymon.  To 
give  suck.     To  nurse. 

SUCKLING,  Lactation,  Lonicera  periclyme- 
num.  Sucking  child. 

SU'^JiE,  Saccharum  —  s.  Candi,  Saccharum 
candidum  —  s.  du  Foie,  see  Saccharum  —  s.  de 
Lait,  Sugar  of  milk  —  s.  de  Saturne,  Plumbi  su- 
peracetas — s.  Tore,  Penidium. 

SUCTIO,  Exsuctio,  Sucking. 

SUCTION  POWEE.  The  force  exerted  on 
the  blood  in  the  veins,  by  the  active  dilatation 
of  the  heart.     See  Derivation. 

SDCTO'RIA,  from  sugere,  suctum,  'to  suck.' 
Animals  provided  with  mouths  for  sucking.  Also, 
organs  for  sucking  or  adhesion,  —  hence  termed 
suctorial  —  as  'suctorial  oscula.' 

SUCTORIAL,  see  Suctoria. 

SUCTUS,  Sucking. 

SUDAM'INA,  Hydro'ata,  Hidro'ta,  Pap'iilcB 
sndora'les,  Siiffersu'rce,  Alha'sef,  Planta  noctis. 
Boa,  from  sudor,  'sweat.'  Small  vesicles,  which 
appear  upon  the  skin,  especially  in  the  summer 
time,  in  hot  countries,  and  in  diseases  attended 


with  much  sweating.  It  is  a  miliary  eruption. 
See  Miliary  fever. 

Sudamina,  Desudatio,  JScTiauhoulures,  Lichen 
tropicus. 

SUDARIUM,  Achicolum. 

SUDATIO,  Ephidrosis. 

SUDATIUNCULA,  Ephidrosis. 

SUDATORIA,  Hidrosis  —  s.  Maligna,  see  Su- 
dor Anglicus. 

SUDATORIUM,  Achicolum. 

SUDATORY,  Achicolum. 

SUDOR,  'iSpoii,  Hidros,  (F.)  Sueur,  'sweat.' 
The  product  of  cutaneous  transpiration,  when 
visible  on  the  surface  of  the  body.  It  is  colour- 
less; of  an  odour  more  or  less  strong  and  vari- 
able: and  of  a  saline  taste.  It  is  composed,  ac- 
cording to  Berzelius,  of  water,  lactic  acid,  lactate 
of  soda  united  with  a  little  animal  matter,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  and  a  little  chloride  of  potassium, 
an  atom  of  earthy  phosphate,  and  some  oxyd  of 
iron. 

Sudor,  Miliary  fever. 

Sudor  An'glicus,  Hidron'osns,  Eidrop'yra, 
Hidrop)yr'etos,  Febris  seu  Milia'ris  sudato'ria, 
Sudor  milia'ris,  Jlorbus  sudatorius,  Ejihem'era 
malig'na  seu  sudatoria  seu  Britan' nica  seu  An'- 
glicn  pes'tilens,  Pestis  Britanniea,  Sudato'ria 
malig'na,  Sieeating  Sickness,  Sweating  Fever,  (F.) 
Suette,  S.  Jliliare,  S.  ^pidemique,  Sueur  Anglaise. 
A  very  severe  epidemic  disease,  characterized  by 
profuse  sweating,  which  appeared  in  England  in 
14S6  ;  and  recurred,  at  difl'erent  times,  until  about 
the  middle  of  the  16th  century.  It  was  accom- 
panied with  coldness,  excessive  prostration  of 
strength,  palpitation,  frequency  and  inequality 
of  the  pulse,  &q.,  and  terminated  favourably  or 
unfavourably  in  the  course  of  24  hours.  The 
French  have  given  the  name  Suette  de  Picar- 
DIE,  Suette  des  Picards,  Fievre  suante ,■  Jliliaris 
sudatoria.  Sudor  Picard'icus,  to  an  epidemic  dis- 
ease, which  has  appeared  several  times  in  that 
province;  the  principal  symptoms  of  which  were 
profuse  sweats  and  a  miliary  eruption.  The  dis- 
ease recurred  in  1S21,  and  has  been  described,  at 
length,  by  M.  Rayer,  who  considers  it  to  consist 
of  a  simultaneous  state  of  inflammation  of  various 
tissues ;  and  proposes  to  class  it  with  variola, 
scarlatina,  and  measles. 

A  form  of  it,  in  which  the  perspiration  was  of 
a  black  colour,  was  called  Sudor  An'glicus  niyer, 
Melanepliidro' sis.  Black  English  Sweating  sick- 
ness OT  fever. 

Sudor  Colliquatitus,  S.  Profusus. 

Sudor  Cruen'tus,  S.  sanguin'eus,  Bcsmatidro'- 
sis, HcBmathidro' sis,  Ephidro'sis  cruen'ta,  Hcsmor- 
rhag"ia  per  Cutem,  (F.)  Hematidrose,  Sueur  de 
Sang;  Sweating  of  blood,  Bloody  sweat,  Hem'- 
orrhage  from  the  skin.  Cutaneous  perspiration 
intermixed  with  blood:  —  a  very  uncommon  af- 
fection. 

Sudor  Dulcis,  Saccharorrhoe' a  cuta'nea,  Ephi- 
dro'sis sacchara'ta.  A  discharge  of  saccharine 
matter  by  perspiration. 

Sudor  Localis,  Meridrosis  —  s.  Miliaris,  Mili- 
ary fever,  Sudor  Anglicus  —  s.  Partialis,  Meri- 
drosis. 

Sudor  Profu'scs,  >S'.  CoIUquati'vus.  A  pro- 
fuse or  immoderate  sweat. 

Sudor  Sanguineus,  Sudor  cruentus  —  s.  Uni- 
versalis, Panhidrosis. 

SUDORIFER,  Sudoriferous,  Sudorific. 

SUDORIF'EROUS,  Sudor'ifer,  EydropVorns, 
from  sudor,  and/eco,  'I  carry.'  That  which  car- 
ries sweat,  as  the  sudoriferous  ducts  or  glands. 

SUDORIF'IC,  Sudorif'icum,  Sudor'ifer,  Hi- 
drot'icum,  Hidrote'rium,  Hidrotopoe'um,  Hidro- 
poet'icum,  (F.)  Sudorifique,  from  sudor,  a.nd  facio, 
'I  make.'  A  medicine  which  provokes  sweating. 
See  Diaphoretic. 


SUDORIPAROUS 


SULCUS 


Four  Sudorific  Woods,  Quat'uor  Ugna  sudo- 
rifica,  were,  forvaerlj,  guaiacum,  perfumed  cherry, 
sarsaparilla,  and  sassafras. 

SUDORIPAROUS,  see  Perspiration. 

SUDORIS  NULLITAS,  Anidrosis  —  s.  Pri- 
vatio,  Anidrosis  —  s.  Suppressio,  Ischidrosis. 

SUET,  Sevum. 

SUETTE,  Sudor  Anglicus  —  s.  Epidemique, 
Sudor  Anglicus  —  «.  Miliaire,  Sudor  Anglicus  — 
8.  de  Picardie,  Sudor  picardicus — s.  des  Picards, 
Sudor  picardicus. 

SUEUR,  Sudor  —  «.  Anglaise,  Sudor  Anglicus 
—  s.  d' Expression,  Expression,  sweat  of — s.  de 
Sang,  Diapedesis,  Sudor  cruentus  — «.  Urineuse, 
Uridrosis. 

SUFFERSUR^,  Sudamina. 

SUFFIMEN,  Suffimentum. 

SUFFIMENT'UM,  Hypocapnis'ma,  Snffi'men, 
Thymia'ma,  Suffi'tns,  Suffumiga'tio,  Suffamiga'- 
tion,  (F.)  Parfum;  from  suffio,  'I  perfume.'  A 
perfume;  sufFumige;  fumigation. 

SUFFITIO,  Fumigation. 

SUFFITUS,  Fumigation,  SufBmentum. 

SUFFLATIO,  Puffiness. 

SUFFOCATIO,  Suffocation,  Orthopnea— s. 
Hypochondriaca,  Hypochondriasis — s.  Hysterica, 
Angone  —  s.  Stridula,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  s. 
Uterina,  Angone. 

SUFFOCA'TION,  Suffoca'tio,  Prafoca'tio, 
Apojmix'is,  Asphyx'ia,  Melana'ma,  from  sub,  and 
falx,  TpL  fauces,  '  the  jaws.'  Death,  or  suspended 
animation  from  impeded  respiration,  whether 
caused  by  the  inhalation  of  noxious  gases,  droicn- 
ing,  hanging,  strangling,  or  smothering.  The  prin- 
cipal morbid  appearances  in  such  cases  are :  — 
the  lungs  of  a  deep-blue  colour,  with  the  blood 
extravasated  in  the  air-cells  ;  right  auricle  and 
ventricle  filled  with  dark  blood,  as  well  as  the 
neighbouring  veins ;  lividity  of  the  countenance, 
turgescence,  and,  perhaps,  rupture  of  the  vessels 
of  the  brain. 

Treatment  of  suspended  animation  hy  suffocation 
in  general.  The  patient  must  be  conveyed  into 
a  room  not  too  warm.  Blood-letting  must  be 
used,  if  at  all,  with  caution  ;  —  friction  must  be 
employed  with  salt,  or  warm  flannels  ;  stimulating 
fluids,  in  a  dilute  state,  be  poured  into  the  sto- 
mach by  means  of  a  tube,  and  attempts  be  made 
to  inflate  the  lungs.     Laryngotomy,  if  necessary. 

Suffocation,  Pnigopho'bia,  (F.)  Etouffcment, 
is  used,  as  strangling  is,  for  threatened  suffoca- 
tion. It  means  the  state  of  dyspnoea  and  oppres- 
sion experienced  when  a  sufBcient  quantity  of  air 
does  not  enter  the  lungs,  or  when  the  chemical 
phenomena  of  respiration  are  imperfectly  exe- 
cuted;  as  in  cases  of  asthma. 

SUFFOCATION  UTERINE,  Angone,  Hys- 
leria. 

SUFFRAGO,  Poples. 

SUFFUMIGATION,  Suffimentum. 

SUFFUMIGE,  Suffimentum. 

SUFFUMIGIUM,  Fumigation. 

SUFFUMINATIO,  Fumigation. 

SUFFUSIO,  Pseudoblepsia  —  s.  Auriginosa, 
Icterus — s.  Bilis,  Icterus — s.  Colorans,  Chromop- 
sia — s.  Dimidians,  Hemiopia — s.  Exclarans,  Oxy- 
opia—  s.  Fellis,  Icterus  —  s.  Lentis  crystallinse. 
Cataract — s.  Metamorphopsis,  Metamorphopsia — 
s.  Multiplicans,  see  Diplopia  —  s.  Myodes,  Meta- 
morphopsia— s.  Nigra,  Amaurosis — s.  Oculi,  Ca- 
taract, Pseudoblepsia  —  s.  Oculorum,  Metamor- 
phopsia—  s.  Radians,  Scotasma  —  s.  Sanguinis, 
Ecchymona. 

SUGAR,  Saccharum  —  s.  Barley,  Penidium, 
Saccharum  hordeatum. 

Sugar  Candy,  Saccharum  candidum — s.  Cane, 
see  Saccharum. 

Sugar,  Diabetic,  Glucose  —  s.  Fruit,  Glucose 
56 


— s.  Grape,  Glucose — s.  Hepatic,  see  Saccharum 
— s.  Honey,  Glucose. 

Sugar  of  Lead,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

Sugar,  Liter,  see  Saccharum. 

Sugar,  Magnet'ic,  Sac'charum  Magnet'icum. 
A  quack  preparation,  said  to  be  composed  of  sugar 
and  cannabis.     It  is  given  in  nervous  cases. 

Sugar  of  Milk,  Sac'charum  lactis,  Galac'to- 
sae'charum,  Lactose,  Lactine,  (P.)  Sucre  de  Lait, 
Sel  de  Lait,  is  obtained  from  whey  by  evapora- 
tion and  crystallization.  It  possesses  the  demul- 
cent properties  of  the  sugars. 

Sugar,  Muscle,  Inosite. 

Sugar  Pine,  see  Arrowroot — s.  Starch,  Glucose. 

Sugar,  Urinary,  Glucose. 

Sugars,  Various,  see  Saccharum. 

SUGARBERRY,  Celtis  occidentalis. 

SUGGILLA'TION,  Sugilla'tio,  Livor,  (Ede'ma 
cruentum,  Svgillation,  Bruise ;  from  sugillare, 
sugillatum,  '  to  beat  black  and  blue.'  By  most  au- 
thors used  synonymously  with  ecchymosis  and 
ecchymoma.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  spots,  or 
ecchy  moses  which  occur  in  consequence  of  intrinsic 
causes, — in  disease  and  in  incipient  putrefaction. 
It  is  common  in  dead  bodies ;  Livor  seu  niac'ula 
emo7-tua'lis.  To  this  last  case  it  is,  indeed,  re- 
stricted by  some  medico-legal  writers;  and  an 
interesting  question  sometimes  arises  : — Whether 
the  appearance  have  been  induced  before  death 
or  afterwards  ?  Whether  it  be  a  case  of  ecchy- 
mosis or  of  suggillaiiiin?  In  the  former,  the 
extravasated  blood  will  usually  be  coagulated; 
not  so  in  the  latter.  It  is  often,  however,  diffi- 
cult to  form  a  correct  judgment  without  reference 
to  the  history  of  the  case. 

SUGGRUN'DIUM,  perhaps  from  svggredi, 
(sub,  and  gradior,)  'to  go  or  come  up  to.'  The 
eave  of  a  house. 

SuGGRUNDiuM  OcuLi,  Superciliary  arch  —  s. 
Superciliorum,  Frontal  protuberance. 

SUICIDA,  Autochir. 

SUICIDAL  INSANITY,  Suicide. 

SU'ICIDE,  Suici'diimi:  from  suiccedes,  'mur- 
der of  one's  self.'  The  act  of  killing  one's  self. 
Autochi'ria,Autocton'ia,  Idiocton'ia,  Autophon'ia. 
Suicide  is  very  frequently  the  result  of  disease 
of  the  mind  :  the  individual  seeming,  at  times,  to 
be  irresistibly  impelled  to  self-destruction.  —  Me- 
lancJto'lia  Snicid'ium  seu  autochi'ria,  Suici'dal 
Insan'ity.     Also,  one  who  commits  self-murder. 

SUIE,  Fuligo. 

SUIF,  Sevum. 

SUITES  DE  COUCHES,  Lochia. 

SULCATUS,  Cannele,  Grooved. 

SULCL  plural  of  Sulcus. 

Sulci  Ciliares,  Halo  signatus. 

SULCULUS  LABII  SUPERIORIS,  Lacuna 
Labii  superioris. 

SULCUS,  Semicana'lis,  Semicanalic'tdus.  A 
furrow.  A  groove.  (F.)  Sillon.  Anatomists  have 
given  this  name  to  grooves  on  the  surface  of 
bones  and  other  organs.     See  Anfractuosity. 

French  writers  on  anatomy  often  use  the  term 
Sillons  for  the  grooves  which  lodge  the  arteries 
and  creep  on  the  surface  of  bones;  whilst  those 
that  receive  veins  are  called  gouttieres,  'gutters.' 
Also,  the  vulva. 

Sulcus  Antero-posterior  Jecoris,  see  Liver 
— s.  Labii  superioris.  Lacuna  Labii  superioris. 

Sulcus,  Lat'eral,  ante'rior,  op  the  Spinal 
Marrow.  A  mere  trace  on  the  marrow,  marked 
only  by  the  attachment  of  the  filaments  of  the 
anterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves. 

Sulcus,  Lateral,  posterior,  of  the  Spinal 
Marrow,  corresponds  with  the  attachment  of  the 
posterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves. 

Sulcus  Retro-Glandularis,  see  Glans  —  s. 
Sinus  lateralis.  Fossa  sigmoidea — s.  Transver- 
salis,  see  Liver  —  s.  Umbilicalis,  see  Liver. 


SULFATE  D'AMMONIAQUE     882 


SULPHUROUS 


SULFATE  D'AMSIONIAQUE,  Ammoniaj 
sulphas. 

SULFIDUM  CARBONII,  Carbonis  sulphure- 
tum. 

SULFUR,  Sulphur. 

SULFURE  BE  CARBON,  Carbonis  sulphu- 
Tetum. 

SULPHAS  ALUMINARIS,  Alumen— s.  Am- 
moniacEB  Cupratus,  Cuprum  ammoniatum  —  s. 
Cadmious,  Cadmii  Sulphas  —  s.  Kalico-alumini- 
eum,  Alumen — s.  Natricus,  Soda,  sulphate  of — s. 
Zincicum,  Zinci  sulphas. 

SULPHUR,  Snlfar,  Scorith,  Thei'on,  Thion, 
Averich,  Terra /(ilia' ta,  Fumus  cit'rinus,  Aq'uila, 
Brimstone,  (F.)  Soii/re.  Native  Suljihiir  is  called 
Rock  and  Black  Sulphur,  Sulphur  vivuni  seu  ni- 
grum. Sulphur,  as  we  meet  with  it,  is  in  rolls, 
Sulpihur  in  roi'ulis  seu  rotun'dum.  Roll  Brimstone. 
It  is  a  volcanic  production,  and  is  obtained,  in 
large  quantities,  from  Solfatara,  in  Italy.  Roll 
Sulphur  is  impure  sulphur,  melted,  and  run  into 
moulds.  It  is  unpleasantly  inodorous,  when 
heated  or  rubbed;  insipid;  solid,  and  brittle. 
S.  g.  1-99.  Fusible  at  226° ;  volatilizable  by 
beat,  and  condensing  unchanged. 

Sulphur  Antimoniatum,  Antimonii  sulphure- 
tum  praecipitatum  —  s.  Caballinum,  see  Sulphur 
sublimatum  —  s.  Carburet  of,  Carbonis  sulphure- 
tum  —  s.  Chloratum,  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 

Sulphur,  Chloride  of,  Sul'phuris  Chlo'ridnm 
seu  Dichlo' ridum,  Sulphur  chlora'tum,  Hypochlo- 
re'tum  sulphuro' sum,  Chlorum  hypersulphura' turn , 
Dichlo'ride  or  Protochlo' ride  or  Hypochlo'ride 
or  Suhchlo'ride  of  Sulphur,  Bisulph'uret  of  Chlo- 
rine, is  obtained  by  passing  dry  chlorine  gas 
over  washed  and  dried  flowers  of  sulphur,  until 
they  are  for  the  most  part  dissolved,  and  distil- 
ling the  decanted  fluid  from  the  excess  of  dissolved 
sulphur.  One  drachm  of  the  liquid  to  an  ounce 
of  lard  has  been  used  in  lepra,  psoriasis,  and  other 
chronic  cutaneous  diseases.  Ten  drops,  dissolved 
in  ether,  have  been  given  in  adynamic  fever. 

Sulphur,  Dichloride  op.  Sulphur,  chloride 
of — s.  Hypochloride  of.  Sulphur,  chloride  of  —  s. 
lodatum,  Sulphuris  iodidum  —  s.  Iodide  of,  Sul- 
phuris  iodidum — s.  loduret  of,  Sulphuris  iodidum 
—  s.  Liver  of,  Potassae  sulphuretum. 

Sulphur  Lotum,  Sulphur  eublima'tum  lofum. 
Washed  Sulphur,  Magiste'rium,  Sidph'nris,  Std- 
phuris  Flores  loti,  is  prepared  by  pouring  boil- 
ing water  on  sublimed  sulphur,  so  as  to  wash 
away  any  acid  it  may  contain,  and  then  drying  it. 
Sulphur  Nigrum,  Sulphur  vivum,  see  Sulphur 
sublimatum. 

Sulphur  Pr^cipita'tum,  Lac  Sulph'uria,  Milk 
of  Sulphur,  Precip'itated  Sulphur,  (F.)  Oreme  de 
Soufre,  is  prepared  by  boiling  sublimed  sulphur 
and  lime  together,  and  adding  muriatic  acid  to 
precipitate  the  sulphur. 

Sulphur,  Protochloride  of.  Sulphur  chlo- 
ride of — s.  Subchloride  of,  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 

Sulphur  Sublima'tum,  Sulphur,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Sublimed  Sulphur,  Flowers  of  Sulphur  (F.) 
Soufre  sidiUme,  Fleurs  de  Soifre,  is  the  sulphur 
of  commerce,  sublimed  in  close  vessels. 

Sulphur  is  possessed  of  stimulant,  laxative, 
and  diaphoretic  properties.  As  a  laxative,  it  is 
used  in  hemorrhoidal  and  other  affections.  In  the 
itch,  applied  externally  and  taken  internally,  it 
has  beea  considered  as  a  specific  [?],  and  it  is  a 
valuable  remedy  in  most  cutaneous  affections  that 
are  local.     Dose,  gss  to  Jij. 

The  faeces  or  dregs,  left  in  the  purification  or 
sublimation  of  sulphur,  are  called  Horse  Brim- 
stone, Dregs  of  Sulphur  vicum.  Sulphur  caballi'- 
num  seu  vivum,  Sulphuris  vivi  recremen'ta.  They 
are  very  impure,  and  are  only  used  externally. 

Sulphur,  Vegetable,  Lycopodium — s.  Wort, 
Peucedanum. 


SULPHURATUS,  Sulphureous,  Sulphurated. 

SULPHU'REOUS,  Sulphuro'sus,  Sulphu'rius, 
Sulphura'tus,  SulpV uretted.  Possessing  the  pro- 
perties of,  or  relating  to,  or  containing  sulphur. 

SULPHURETTED,  Sulphureous  —  s.  Hydro- 
gen, see  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 

SULPHURETUM  AMMONIAC^,  Ammonife 
sulphuretum — s.  Ammoniae  hydrogenatum, Liquor 
fumans  Boylii — s.  Kalicum,  Potassse  sulphuretum 

—  s.  Lixiviae,  Potassae  sulphuretum. 
SULPH'URIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Sulphu'ricum 

seu  Sulfuricum,  Oleum  Vitrio'li,  Spir'itua  Vitri- 
oli  seu  vitrioii  fortis,  Acidum  vitriol'icum,  A. 
Vitrioli  dephlogistica'tum.  Oil  of  Vitriol,  S2iirit 
of  Vitriol,  Vitriol' ic  Acid,  Acor  Sulphuris,  (F.) 
Acide  Sulphurique  ou  Sulfurique.  Sulphuric  acid 
is  inodorous  ;  has  a  strong  acid  taste,  and  is  cor- 
rosive. S.  g.  1-845  (Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  escharotic, 
stimulant,  and  rubefacient.  Mixed  with  lard,  it  is 
sometimes  used  in  local  pains,  and  certain  cuta- 
neous affections. 

Sulphuric  Acid,  Aromat'ic,  Ac"idum  Sul2}hti'- 
ricum  Aromat'icum,  A.  vitriol'icum,  aromat'icum, 
seu  vitriolicum  alcoho'le  aromaticum,  Elixir  vitri- 
o'li seu  vitrioli  aromaticum  seu  vitrioli  Mynsich'- 
ti  seu  vitrioli  Edinburgen'sium  seu  vitrioli  cum 
tinctu'rd  aromaticd  sou  vitrioli  dulce  seu  acido- 
aromat'icum.  Alcohol  cum  aromat'ibus  sttlphuri- 
ca'tus,  Tinctu'ra  acidi  sidphurici,  is  formed  of 
sulphuric  acid,  f5iijss;  ginger,  bruised,  ^j  ;  cin- 
namon, bruised,  3iss;  Alcohol,  Oij.  —  Ph.  U.  S. 
Dose,  gtt.  X  to  XXX.  Its  properties  are  like  those 
of  the  next  preparation,  than  which  it  is  more 
frequently  employed,  being  more  agreeable. 

Sulphuric  Acid,  Dilu'ted,  Ac"idum  Sulphu'- 
ricum  Dilu'lum,  A.  vitriol'icum  dilutum.  Elixir 
vitrio'li,  Spir'itus  vitrio'li  ac"idua  Vogle'ri,  Elix- 
ir of  Vitriol,  (F.)  Acide  sxdfurique  delay e,  is 
formed,  according  to  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  by  adding  aq.  destillat.  f  ^xiij,  to 
acid,  sxdph.  f  §j.  It  is  tonic,  astringent,  and  re- 
frigerant. Dose,  gtt.  X  to  XX,  largely  diluted. 
When  used  as  a  gargle,  half  a  drachm  may  be 
added  to  ^vj  of  water. 

Very  dilute  sulphuric  acid  was  formerly  termed 
Phlcgma  vitrioli. 

SULPHURIS  CARBURETUM,  Carbonis  sul- 
phuretum. 

Sulphuris   Chloridum,  Sulphur,  chloride  of 

—  s.  Dichloridum,  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 
Sulph'uris  Io'didum,  S.  lodure'tum.  Sulphur 

loda'tum,  loduret  or  I'odide  of  Sulphur,  (F.)  Sou- 
fre lodure,  lodure  de  Soufre.  It  is  thus  directed 
to  be  prepared  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  U.  S. 
(lodin.  ^iv;  sidphur.  ^j.)  Rub  the  iodine  and 
sulphur  together  in  a  glass,  porcelain,  or  marble 
mortar,  until  they  are  thoroughly  mixed.  Put 
the  mixture  into  a  matrass,  close  the  orifice 
loosely,  and  apply  a  gentle  heat,  so  as  to  darken 
the  mass  without  melting  it.  When  the  colour 
has  become  uniformly  dark  throughout,  increase 
the  heat  so  as  to  melt  the  iodide;  then  incline 
the  matrass  in  different  directions,  in  order  to  re- 
turn into  the  mass  any  portions  of  iodine  which 
may  have  condensed  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
vessel :  lastly,  allow  the  matrass  to  cool,  break 
it,  and  put  the  iodide  into  bottles,  which  are  to 
be  well  stopped. 

SULPHURIUS,  Sulphureous. 

SULPHUROSUS,  Sulphureous. 

SULPHUROUS,  Sulphureous. 

Sul'phurous  Acid,  Ac'idum  aulphuros'icum 
seu  sulph'uris  volat'ile  seu  Sulphuro' sum  seu  Sul- 
furosum,  Spir'itus  sulphuris  seu  sulphuro'sus 
volat'ilis  seu  sulphuris  per  camp)a' nam  seu  vitrio'- 
li phlogistica'tus,  Gas  sulphuris,  (F.)  Acide  Sul- 
fureux.  Air  Acide  Vitriolique.  Obtained  by 
treating  mercury  with  concentrated  sulphuric 
acid,  or  by  burning  sulphur.     It   is   sometimes 


SULTZMALT 


SUPINATOR 


used  in  the  gaseous,  —  at  others,  in  the  liquid, 
state.  Sulphurous  acid  gas  is  used  to  disinfect 
clothes,  confined  air,  letters  coming  from  infected 
places,  &c.  It  is  also  exhibited,  with  great  suc- 
cess, in  the  form  of  fumigation,  in  the  treatment 
of  certain  chronic  cutaneous  affections,  and  of 
sciatic  and  rheumatic  pains  in  general.  If  re- 
spired pure,  it  acts  in  tlae  manner  of  violent  irri- 
tants :  and  is  not  long  in  producing  death. 

SULTZMALT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Sultzmalt  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  the 
Upper  Rhine ;  where  are  several  sources  of  cold, 
acidulous  waters,  which  seem  to  contain  carbonic 
acid,  subcarbonate  of  soda,  subcarbonate  of  lime, 
sulphate  of  lime,  and  a  little  bitumen.  They  are 
refrigerant,  aperient,  and  alterative. 

SUiMAO  DBS  COREOYEVRS,  Rhus  coria- 
ria  —  8.   Veneneux,  Rhus  toxicodendron. 

SUMACH,  Rhus  coriaria  —  s.  Mountain,  Rhus 
copallina  —  s.  Poison,  Rhus  venenata  —  s.  Stag's 
Horn,  Rhus  typhina. 

SUMBUL.  The  name  of  a  root,  Sum'buli  ra- 
dix, Jatamansi,  Mush-root,  presumed  to  belong 
to  the  Umbelliferas  family,  much  employed  in 
Russia  and  Germany  against  cholera.  Its  exact 
botanical  history  is  not  determined.  It  contains 
a  strongly  odorous  principle  like  that  of  musk; 
and  is  regarded  as  an  antispasmodic. 
SUMBULI  RADIX,  Sumbul  root. 
SUMEN,  Hypogastrium. 

SUMMER  COMPLAINT.  A  popular  name 
in  the  United  States,  for  diarrhoea  occurring  in 
summer.  It  is  often,  also,  made  to  include  dy- 
sentery and  cholera  infantum.  With  some  it 
means  cholera  infantum  only. 

Summer  Diseases,  see  Estival — s.  Plant  winter 
worm,  Sphaeria  Sinensis — s.  Rash,  Lichen  tropicus. 
SUMMITAS  CUTIS,  Epidermis. 
SUMMUS  HUMERUS,  Acromion. 
SUN  BURN,  Ephelides  — s.  Dew,  Drosera  ro- 
tundifolia — s.  Flower,  false,  Helenium  autumnale 
—  s.  Flower,  swamp,  Helenium  autumnale  —  s. 
Flower,    tickweed.    Coreopsis    trichosperma  —  s. 
Flower,   turpentine,    Silphium    perfoliatum  —  s. 
Pain,    see    Hemicrania  —  s.    Rash,    Lichen  —  s. 
Stroke,   Coup   de   Soleil  —  s.    Stroke,    Egyptian, 
Coup  de  Soleil. 
SUPELLECTILE  DIOGENIS,  Palm. 
SUPELLEX   ANATOMICA,  Museum  anato- 
micum  —  s.  Diogenis,  Palm. 

SUPER.  A  common  Latin  prefix;  in  compo- 
sition, signifying  'above.' 

SUPERBUS,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 
SUPERCHLORIDUM    FORMTLICUM. 
Chloroform. 

SUPERCILIARIS,  Corrugator  supercilii. 
SUPERCIL'IARY,  Snpercilia'ris,  from  super, 
and  ciliiim,  '  the  edge  of  the  eyelid.'     That  which 
relates  to  the  supercilia  or  eyebrows.     (F.)  Sour- 
cilier  ou  Surcilier. 

Supercil'iary  Arches,  Superciliary  Ridges, 
Arcus  supercilia' res,  Suggrun'dia  oculo'rum,  (F.) 
Arcades  sourcilieres,  are  two  slightly  projecting 
apophyses,  situate  at  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
OS  frontis,  above  the  superior  margin  of  the  or- 
bits. They  are  separated  by  the  nasal  hosse,  and 
covered  by  the  superciliaris  muscle,  to  which 
they  give  attachment. 

Superciliary  Ridges,  Superciliary  arches. 
SUPERCIL'IUM,  Ophrys,  Oph'ryn,  Vallum, 
(Y.)  Sourcil.  Same  etymon.  The  eyebroios  {Sc.) 
Bree.s,  (Prov.)  Eye-hreen,  are  two  arehed  emi- 
nences, —  convex  above,  and  more  or  less  promi- 
nent, according  to  the  individual,  —  which  lie  on 
the  superciliary  arch  of  the  os  frontis,  above  the 
eyelids,  and  extend  from  the  sides  of  the  root  of 
the  nose  to  the  temple.  Their  inner  extremity  or 
head  is  more  prominent  than  the  outer  or  tail. 
The  eyebrows  are  covered  with  short  and  stiff 


hairs,  which  are  directed,  obliquely,  from  within 
outwards,  and  are,  commonly,  of  the  colour  of 
the  hair.  The  skin  in  which  these  hairs  are  im- 
planted, rests  on  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum, 
frontalis,  and  superciliaris  muscles,  which  move 
the  eyebrows  in  different  directions.  The  eye- 
brows serve  as  an  ornament  to  the  countenance; 
and  by  covering  the  eye  defend  it  from  the  im- 
pression of  too  strong  a  light.  They  direct  the 
perspiration  also  from  the  eye. 

Supercilium  Acetab'uli.  The  edge  of  the 
cotyloid  cavity  of  the  os  innominatum. 

SUPERCONCEPTION,  see  Superfoetation. 

SUPEREVACUATIO.  Hypercrisis. 

SUPERPECUNDATION,  see  Superfoetation. 

SUPERFIBRINATION,  Ilyperinosis. 

SUPERFICIA'LIS  C01,lil,Subcuta'neus  Colli. 
A  nerve  formed  by  communicating  branches  frooi 
the  second  and  third  cervical  nerves.  It  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  superficial  parts  of  the  neck. 

SUPERFICIES  ORBITALIS,  see  Maxillary 
bone  (superior) — s.  Plantaris  Pedis,  Sole. 

SUPERFOECUNDATIO,  Superfoetation. 

SUPERFCETATIO,  Superfoetation. 

SUPERFCETA'TION,  Super/ceta'Ho,  Epieye'- 
sis,  Hypercye'sis,  Hypercye'ma,  Superimpragna' - 
tio,  Epig'one,  Superfoecuuda'tio,  Superfecunda'- 
tion,  Siiperimpregua'tion,  from  sujjer  a.nd  fcetare, 
'to  breed.'  Conception  of  a  foetus — epieye' ma — 
in  a  uterus  which  already  contains  one.  The  im- 
pregnation of  a  female  already  pregnant.  The 
possibility  of  this  has  been  denied;  but  there  is 
abundant  evidence  to  show,  that  it  is  possible  at 
a  very  early  period  of  pregnancy.  Twin  cases 
may  be  of  this  kind  o^  supierconception. 

SUPERGEMTNALIS,  Epididymis. 

SUPERGENUALIS,  Patella. 

SUPERHUMERALE.  Epomis. 

SUPERIMPR^GNATIO,  Superfoetation. 

SUPERIOR  AURIS,  Attollens  aurem— s.  Ro- 
tundus  clitoridis,  Ischio-cavernosus. 

SUPERLABIA,  Clitoris. 

SUPERLIGAMEN,  Epidesmus. 

SUPERLIGULA,  Epiglottis. 

SUPERNUMERARY  FINGER,  Digitus  su- 
pernumerarius. 

SUPERNUTRITIO  LIENIS,  Splenoncus— s, 
Splenis.  Splenoncus. 

SUPEROXALAS  KALICUM,  Potass,  oxalate 
of. 

SUPERPURGATIO,  Hypercatharsis. 

SUPERSCAPULARIS,  Supraspinatus— s.  In- 
ferior, Infra-spin  atus. 

SUPINATEUR  COURT  ov.  PETIT,  Supi- 
nator  radii  brevis  —  s.  Grand  ou  long,  Supinator 
radii  longus. 

SUPINA'TION,  Snpina'tio,^TOva.  supiims,  'ly- 
ing on  the  back.'  The  movement  in  which  the 
forearm  and  hand  are  carried  outwards,  so  that 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  latter  becomes  superior. 

In  Pathology,  Sujyinatiou,  Supiua'tio,Hyptias'- 
ma,  Hyptias'mus,  means  the  horizontal  position 
on  the  back,  with  the  head  thrown  back,  and  the 
legs  and  arms  extended.  It  is  often  a  sign  of 
great  weakness  in  disease. 

SUPINA'TOR.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
produces  supination.  A  name  given  to  two  mus- 
cles of  the  forearm. 

Supinator  Brevis  seu  Minor,  Supinator  radii 
brevis  —  s.  Longus  seu  major,  Supinator  radii 
longus. 

Supinator  Radii  Brevis,  S.  brevis  seu  minor, 
(F.)  Epicoudylo-radial  (Ch.),  Supinateur  court 
ou  petit  supinateur.  A  muscle,  seated  at  the 
outer  and  back  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  flat- 
tened, triangular,  and  curved  upon  itself,  in  such 
a  manner  that  it  embraces  the  superior  extremity 
of  the  radius.  It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand, 
to  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  humerus,  and  to 


SUPPEDANEA 


SURA 


a  small  portion  of  the  posterior   surface  of  the 
ulna,  and  is  inserted  into  the  upper  third  of  the 
outer    and   upper   surfaces    of    the   radius.      It 
produces,  hy  contracting,  the  motion  of  supination. 
Supinator  Radii  Longus,  S.  longus  sive  ma- 
jor,   Bra'chio-rudia'lis,   (F.)   Hvmero-sus-radial 
(Ch.),  Long  ou  grand  supinatenr,  is  seated  at  the 
anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  forearm.     It  arises 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the  outer  edge  of  the  os 
humeri,    and   from    the    external    intermuscular 
aponeurosis;  and  is  inserted,  by  a  long  tendon, 
into  the  outer  edge  of  the  radius,  near  the  base  of 
the  styloid  process.     It  causes  the  supination  of 
the  forearm,  which  it  can  likewise  bend  on  the  arm. 
SUPPEDANEA,  Hypopodia. 
SUPPLANTALIA,  Hypopodia. 
SUPPLEMENTA  EPIPLOICA,  Appendiculae 
ninguedinosse. 

SUPPLEMENTARY  AIR,  see  Respiration. 
SUPPORTER,  ABDOMINAL,  Belt,   Russian 
— s.  Utero-Abdominal,  see  Belt,  Russian. 

SUPPOSITION  DE  PART,  Pregnancy,  pre- 
tended. 

SUPPOSITOIRE,  Suppositorium. 
SUPPOSITORIUM,  Suppository  —  s.  Uteri- 
num. Pessary. 

SUPPOS'ITORY,  Svpposito'rium,  HypotV- 
eton,  Bacil'lns,  Balanis'vtus,  Bal'anus,  Glans,  G. 
eh.hdidit"ia,Nod'idns  intestina'lis,  from  siqjponere, 
suppositum,  {sub  and  ponere,  '  to  put,)  '  to  put  un- 
der,' (F.)  SvpiHisitoire.  A  solid  medicine,  in  the 
form  of  a  cone  or  cylinder,  Intended  to  be  intro- 
duced into  the  rectum;  —  either  for  the  purpose 
ot"  favouring  intestinal  evacuations,  or  to  act  as 
an  anodyne.  Purgative  suppositories  are  made 
of  soap,  aloes,  or  any  other  irritating  substance. 

SUPPRESSIO  ALVI,  Constipation  —  s.  Lo- 
chiorum,  Ischolochia — s.  Lotii,  Ischuria — s.  Men- 
sium,  Amenorrhoea — s.  Menstruationis,  Amenor- 
rhoea —  s.  Sudoris,  Ischidrosis. 

SUPPRESSION  DU  FLUX  3IENSTRU- 
EL,  Amenorrhoea — «.  de  Part,  see  Parturition — 
».  d' Urine,  Ischuria. 

SUPPURANS,  Suppurative. 
SUPPURARE,  Suppurate. 

SUP'PURATE,  Sitpimra're,  (F.)  Snppurer, 
(Prov.)  Beal  (vulgarly).  To  form  or  secrete  pus. 
SUPPURA'TION,  Snpjmra'tio,  Siibpiira'tio, 
Eepye'ma,  Purulen'tin,  Pyo'sis,  Pye'sis,  Diapye'- 
t»a,  Diapye'sis,  Pyogen'ia  simplex,  Pu'riilence, 
Pu'rnlency,  Gath'ering,  (F.)  AbouU'seement.  For- 
mation or  secretion  of  pus,  (see,  also  Pyogenia,) 
from  sub,  'under,'  and  pns,  puris.  It  is  a  fre- 
quent termination  of  inflammation,  and  may  oc- 
cur in  almost  any  of  the  tissues.  This  termina- 
tion is  announced  by  slight  chills;  by  remission 
of  the  pain,  which,  from  being  lancinating,  be- 
comes heavy;  by  a  sense  of  weight  in  the  part, 
and,  when  the  collection  of  pus  can  be  easily  felt, 
by  fluctuation.  When  pus  is  thus  formed  in  the 
areolar  membrane,  and  is  collected  in  one  or  more 
cavities,  it  constitutes  an  abscess.  If  it  be  formed 
from  a  surface  exposed  to  the  air,  it  is  an  nicer: 
and  such  ulcers  we  are  in  the  habit  of  establish- 
ing artificially  in  certain  cases  of  disease. 

SUP'PURATIVE,  Suppu'rans,  Siippt(rati'vus, 
Diapye'ticus,  Ecpyo'ticus,  Ecpyiscon'iua,  (F.) 
Suppuratif.  Same  etymon.  That  which  facili- 
tates suppuration.  Suppuratives  are,  generally, 
vesicants  mixed  with  lard. 
SUP  PURER,  Suppurate. 
SUPRA.  A  common  Latin  prefix;  in  compo- 
sition, signifying  'above.' 

SUPRA-COSTA'LES,  Levato'res  Cosfa'rum, 
(F.)  Sur-costaux,  from  supra,  and  casta,  'a  rib.' 
A  name  given  to  twelve  small,  fleshy  fasciculi, 
which  are  flattened,  triangular,  and  with  radiat- 
ing fibres.  They  pass  from  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  dorsal  vertebrae  to  the  superior  mar- 


gin of  the  rib  beneath.  Spigelius,  Cowper,  Boyer, 
Chaussier,  and  others,  consider  them  to  form 
part  of  the  intercostales  externi. 

SUPRA-HEPATIC  VEINS,  see  Hepatic 
veins. 

SUPRA-OMPHALODYMIA,  see  Somatody- 
mia  —  s.  et  Infra-omphalodj'mia,  see  Somatody- 
mia. 

SUPRA-OR'BITAR,  Snpra-orbita'lis,  Siqjra- 
orbita'rius,  (F.)  Sus-orbilaire,  from  supra,  and 
orbita,  '  the  orbit.'  That  which  is  situate  above 
the  orbit. 

Supra-Or'bitar  Fora'men,  F.  Supra -orbita' - 
rium  seu  orbitarium  snpie'rius,  (F.)  Trou  sus-orbi- 
taire  ou  orbitaire  sup>erieur,\s  a  foramen  or  notch 
completed  by  a  ligament  at  the  inner  third  of  the 
orbitar  arch.  It  gives  passage  to  the  supra-orbi- 
tar  or  siqyerciliary  artery,  a  branch  of  the  oph- 
thalmic, which  ascends  the  forehead,  and  is  dis- 
tributed thereto. 

SUPRA-PU'BIAN,  Svpra-pubic,  Supra-pub- 
in'nus,  from  supi-i'a,  and  pubes.  That  whiph  is 
seated  above  the  pubis. 

Sdpra-Pubian  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  sus-pnbien,  is 
the  internal  ramus  of  the  inguino-cutaneous 
branch  of  the  first  lumbar  nerve.  It  is  the  genito- 
crural  branch  of  Bichat.  It  descends  almost  ver- 
tically before  the  psoas  muscle;  and,  near  the 
crural  arch,  divides  into  two  branches.  One  of 
these  accompanies  the  spermatic  cord,  and  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  cremaster,  scrotum,  and  integu- 
ments on  the  inner  part  of  the  thigh.  The  other 
issues  from  the  pelvis  with  the  femoral  filaments  ; 
traverses  the  aponeurosis  of  the  thigh,  and  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  integuments  of  the  upper  and 
anterior  part  of  the  limb. 

SUPRA-RE'NAL,  Snpra-rena'lis,  (F.)  Stirri- 
nal,  from  snpra,  and  ren,  '  the  kidney.'  Seated 
above  the  kidney  —  as  the  supra-renal  capsule. 

SUPRA-SCAP'ULAR ;  Supra-scapula'ris,^rom 
supra,  and  sca2}ula.  Seated  above  the  scapula; — as 

SuPEA-scAPULAR  Nerte.  This  arises  from 
the  fifth  cervical ;  passes  through  the  supra-sca- 
pular notch,  and  is  distributed  to  the  supra-spi- 
natus  and  infra-spinatus  muscles. 

SUPRA-SCAPULARIS,  Supra-scapular,  and 
Supra-spinatus  muscle. 

SUPRA-  SEMIORBICULARIS,  Orbicularis 
oris. 

SUPRA-SPINA'TUS,  Supra-spino'sus,  (F.) 
Sur-epinenx,  Sus-ipinenx,  from  supra,  and  spina. 
That  which  is  seated  above  the  spine. 

SuPRA-SPlNATA  Fossa,  (F.)  Fosse  sns-epineuse, 
is  a  triangular  depression  above  the  spine  of  the 
scapula. 

Supra-Spinatus  Muscle,  Super-scapxda'ris, 
Snpra-scapidaris,  (F.)  Sus-spino-scapulo-frochi- 
terien.  Petit  sus-scapulo-trochiterien  (Ch.),  is 
situated  in  the  fossa  supra-spinata.  It  is  elon- 
gated, thick,  and  triangular,  and  is  attached,  on 
the  one  hand,  to  the  two  inner  thirds  of  the  fossa 
supra-spinata ;  and  terminates,  on  the  other,  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  great  tuberosity  of  the 
humerus.     This  muscle  raises  the  arm. 

Supea-Spino'sa  Ligamen'ta,  Supra-spinal 
lig'aments,  are  two  in  number.  1.  The  Dorso- 
lumbo-sujyra-spinal  ligament,  (F.)  Ligament  sur- 
epineux  dorso-lombaire,  extending  above  the  spi- 
nous processes  of  the  dorsal  and  lumbar  vertebrae 
from  the  7th  cervical  as  far  as  the  median  crista 
of  the  sacrum.  2.  Cervical-suj^ra-spinal  ligament, 
(F.)  Ligament  sur-^pineux  cervical,  which  ex- 
tends above  all  the  cervical  spinous  processes, 
and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  outer  occipital  pro- 
tuberance. 

SUR,  Supra.  A  French  prefix,  signifying 
'  above.' 

SURA,  Gastroene'me,  Gastrocne'mia,  Gastroc- 
ne'mium ;   Calf  of  the  leg,  (F.)  Mollet,   Gras  de 


SURCILIER 


885 


SUSPENSORY 


Jamie.  The  projection,  formed  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  leg  by  the  gastrocnemii  muscle.  Also, 
the  fibula. 

SUECILIER,  Corrugator  supercilii.  Superci- 
liary. 

SURCOSTAUX,  Supracostales. 

SURCVLATTON,  see  Generation. 

SURCULI  FELLEI,  Fori  biliarii. 

SURCULUS,  Ramusculus. 

SURDEiVT(F.),  from  sur,  and  dene,  'a  tooth.' 
When  a  milk-tooth  does  not  fall  out  at  the  period 
of  the  second  dentition,  but  is  merely  forced  to 
one  side  by  the  new  tooth,  it  is  called  a  surdent. 

SURDI-IIUTITjE,  Mutitas  surdorum. 

SURDITAS,  Cophosis,  Deafness. 

SVRDITE,  Cophosis,  Deafness. 

SURDOMUTITAS,  Deaf-dumbness. 

SURDUS,  Deaf. 

BUREAU  GOMMUN,  Sambucus. 

SURELLE,  Oxalis  acetosella,  Rumex  aeetosa. 

SURjSPINEUX,  Supra-spinatus. 

SUR-EXGITATION,  see  Excitement,  and 
Super-excitation. 

SURFEIT,  Acrasia,  Colica  crapulosa. 

SURGEON,  Chiriu-'yeon  ;  Chrro'ncix,  CMrur'- 
gus,  Vul'nerum  med'ieus,  Cheiria'ter,  Chiria'ter, 
latrux,  (F.)  Chiruryieti,  old  French,  Surgien,  from 
Xiip,  '  the  hand,'  and  cpyov,  '  work.'  One  who 
practises  surgery.  The  surgeon,  says  Celsus, 
ought  to  be  young,  or,  at  all  events,  not  advanced 
in  life.  His  hand  must  be  steady,  expert,  and 
never  tremulous  :  he  must  use  the  right  or  left 
with  equal  facility:  his  sight  must  be  clear  and 
penetrating:  his  mind  intrepid;  and,  although 
unmoved  when  he  proceeds  to  operate,  he  must 
not  be  in  haste,  nor  cut  less  than  is  necessary, 
but  finish  his  operation,  as  if  the  cries  of  the  pa- 
tient made  no  impression  upon  him. 

In  the  middle  ages,  the  Universities  of  Italy 
and  Spain  sent  out  educated  surgeons,  as  well  as 
physicians,  under  the  name  cliirur'i/i-jjhys'ici. 

SURGEOX-APOTH'ECARY.  One  who  unites 
the  practice  of  surgery  with  that  of  the  apothe- 
cary. A  general prnctitioner.  He  is  the  ordinarj' 
medical  man  or  family  medical  attendant  in  Eng- 
land.    See  Apothecary. 

SURGEON-DENTIST,  Dentist. 

SUR'GEONCY.     The  office  of  a  surgeon. 

SUR'GERY,  Chinir'gta,  Chiriatri'a,  Cheirix'- 
is,  Chi'risis,  CJiin'x'is,  Chtris'miis,  Metacheirix'is, 
Metachi.'n'sis,  ^letachiris'mnn,  Tmcta'tio  manna'- 
ria,  Medic'ina  ojyerati'va  seu  ef'ficax,  (F.)  CJii- 
riirgie.  Same  etymon  as  surgeon.  The  part  of 
the  healing  art  which  relates  to  external  diseases; 
their  treatment;  and,  especially,  to  the  manual 
operations  adapted  for  their  cure.  Also,  the  office 
of  a  surgeon. 

SuRGfiRY,  Anaplastic,  Morioplastiee  —  s.  Au- 
toplastic, Morioplastice — s. Conservative,  Surgery, 
salvation  —  s.  Dental,  Dentistry. 

Surgery,  Mil'itary,  Chirurgia  milita'ris, 
(F.)  Chirurgie  militaire,  is  that  which  relates  to 
the  operations  to  be  performed  on  the  field  of 
battle,  or  subsequently; — with  the  attention  to  be 
paid  to  the  wounded,  &c. 

SoRGERY,  Op'erative,  Is  termed  Acuir'gia, 
Acur'gia,  and  Acidur'gia,  (F.)  Medecine  opira- 
ioire. 

Surgery,  Plastic,  Morioplastice. 

Surgery,  Salva'tiox,  Conser'vative  Sur'gery, 
is  that  which  looks  rather  to  the  preservation  of 
a  limb  for  example  than  its  removal.  One,  who 
is  addicted  to  operating  in  almost  all  cases,  is 
sometimes  called  a  knifesman. 

SUR'GICAL,  Ckirur'gicus,  fF.)  Chirurgical, 
GMrurgique.  Same  etymon.  That  which  relates 
to  surgery  ;  as  surgical  anatomy,  surgical  opera- 
tions, surgical  instruments,  ka. 


SURGIEN,  Surgeon. 

SURINAMINE,  see  Geoffraa  Surinamensis. 
SUR-IRRITATION,  see  Irritation. 
SURNU3IERAIRE    (Doigt),  Digitus  super- 
numerarius. 

SUROXYGENESES.    From  sur  and  oxygen. 
A  name  given  by  Baumes  to  diseases  attributed 
by  him  to  superabundance  of  oxygen. 
SURPEA  U,  Epidermis. 
SURRECTA  ALBA,  Ranunculus  flammula. 
SUR-RENAL,  Supra-renal. 
SURROGATUM,  Succedaneum. 
SURSELS,  see  Salt. 

SUR  TO  UTS  LIGAMENTEUX  BE  LA  GO- 
LONNE  VERTEERALE,  Vertebral  ligaments. 
SUR  UMPE  (S.)  A  disease  to  which ^he  tra- 
veller in  the  Cordilleras  is  liable.  It  consists  of 
a  violent  inflammation  of  the  eyes,  caused  by  the 
reflection  of  the  bright  rays  of  the  sun.  The  con- 
junctiva is  highly  inflamed,  and  the  lids  swell 
and  bleed.  Tlie  pain  is  intense,  and  frequently 
induces  delirium. — Tschudi. 
SURVIE,  Survivorship. 

SURVI'VORSHIP,  (F.)  Survie,  from  super- 
vivere,  {super,  and  vivere,)  (F.)  surrivre,  'to  live 
longer.'  In  legal  medicine,  this  word  means  the 
probability  that  any  individual  has  survived 
others  in  an  accident,  which  has  been  fatal  to  all. 
This  is  often  an  important  question,  connected 
with  the  inheritance  of  property,  and  on  which 
physiology  can  rarely  afford  more  than  presump- 
tive grounds  for  conclusion. 

SUS,  SUSUM,  (F.)  Sus,  same  as  Sursum, 
'above.'  A  French  prefix,  signifying  'above,'  as 
in 

SUS- A GRO]\IW-HmiERAL,  Deltoid. 
SUS-CARPIEN ;  SUS,  and  corpe,  'the  wrist.' 
Above  the  wrist.     An  epithet  given  byCbaussier 
to  the  dorsal  artery  of  the  wrist — Artere  sus-car- 
pienne.  —  a  branch  of  the  radial. 

SUS-EPINEUX,  Supra-spinatus— «.  Ilaxillo- 
lahial,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  s.  Maxillo-lahial, 
grand.  Levator  labii  superioris' alaeque  nasi  —  «. 
Maxillo-lahial  mnijen,  Levator  labii  superioris 
proprius  —  «.  JlJaxillo-nasal,  Compressor  naris  — 
s.  Omphalodymie,  see  Somatodymia  —  e.  OrAico- 
spheno-scleroticien,  Rectus  superior  oculi — s.  Or- 
6i7n!>e,  Supra-orbitar  —  s.  Phnlangien  du  pouce, 
Abductor  pollicis  brevis — s.  Puhio-femoral,  Pee- 
tinalis  —  s.  Scajjulo-trochiterien  le  plus  jietit, 
Teres  minor  —  s.  Scapulo-trocJiiterien  petit,  Su- 
pra-spinatus—  s.  Spino-scapulo-trochiterien,  Su- 
pra-spinatus. 

SUSCEPTIBIL'ITY,  facile  suscipiens,  {sue, 
and  capio,  'I  take,')  'easily  taking,  or  under- 
taking.' Sensibility,  in  its  most  enlarged  accep- 
tation. Impressibility.  This  term,  with  the  epi- 
thet nervous,  is  sometimes  used  for  that  increase 
in  the  moral  sensibility  which  is  particularly  ob- 
served in  nervous  affections. 

SUSCEPTIO  INTESTINORUM,  Intussuscep- 
tion. 

SUSPENDICULUM,  Cremaster. 
SUSPENSA,  Ena3orema. 
SUSPENSEUR,  Suspensory. 
SUSPEXSOIRE,  Suspensory. 
SUSPENSORIUM,   Suspensory —  s.   Hepatis, 
Suspensory  ligament  of  the  liver — s.  Testis,  Cre- 
master. 

SUSPEN'SORY,  Suspenso'rius,  from  snspen- 
dere,  {sus,  and  penrfere,  'to  hang,')  'to  hangup,' 
(F.)  Suspenseur.  That  which  sustains  or  sus- 
pends. 

Suspensory  Banbage,  Suspenso'rium,  Suspen- 
soir  ou  Suspensoire,  is  a  bandage  intended  to  sup- 
port the  scrotum,  in  cases  of  diseases  of  the  tes- 
ticle or  of  scrotal  hernia.  It  consists  of  a  kind 
of  bag,  fixed  above  to  a  cincture,  and  retained 


SUSPENSUM 


886 


SUTURE 


below  by  strings  passing  between  tbe  thighs,  and 
fixed  to  the  cincture  behind. 

SiTSPENScRY  Ligament  op  the  Liter,  Liga- 
men'tiim  latum,  Suspenso'rium  he'patis,  Perpen- 
dic'ulum  he'patis,  is  a  triangular  duplicature  of 
the  peritoneum,  between  the  inferior  surface  of 
the  diaphragm  and  the  upper  surface  of  the  liver, 
which  is  continuous  with  the  great  falx  of  the 
umbilical  vein. 

Suspensory  Ligament  op  the  Penis  is  a  fibro- 
cellular  fascia,  of  a  triangular  shape,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  anterior  part  of  the  symphysis 
pubis  to  the  corpus  cavernosum,  which  it  sustains. 
A  similar  ligament  belongs  to  the  clitoris. 

SUSPENSUM,  Enseorema  — s.  Urinte,  Enseo- 
rema. 

SUSPIRATION,  Suspirium. 
SUSPIRATUS,  Suspirium. 
SUSPIRITUS,  Suspirium. 

SUSPIR'IUM,    Suspirn'tio,   Siispira'tns,    Sns- 
ptr'itus,  from  sus,  and  spiro,  '  I  breathe  ;'  Myg- 
vius,   Mych'mns,   BfychtMs'rnus,  Sfenag'mun,    Ste- 
nax'is,  Sigh,  Sitspira'tion,  fP.)   iSonpir.     A  short 
breathing.     A  slow,  voluntary  contraction  of  the 
diaphragm  and  intercostal  muscles,  the  effect  of 
which  is  to  restore  the  due  relation  between  the 
circulation  and  respiration,  or   to  free  ourselves 
from  an  inconvenient  sense  of  weight  felt  in  the 
chest,  when  we  are  much  depressed,  —  a  weight, 
which   appears  to  be  chiefly  dependent  on   the 
functions  of  the  heart  being  disturbed   through 
the  moral  influence.     The  sigh  differs  from  the 
sob: — the  latter  being  involuntary  and  spasmodic. 
Sighing,  occurring  in  fevers  to  a  great  extent,  in- 
dicates  considerable   depression.     When  accom- 
panied with  a  vocal  sound,  it  constitutes  a  groan. 
SospnuuM  Carpiaoum,  Angina  pectoris. 
SUSTENTACULUM,  Aliment. 
SUSTENTATOR  CLITORIDIS,  Erector  clito- 
ridis — •  s.  Penis,  Erector  penis. 
SUSURRATION,  Whispering. 
SUSURRUS,   Bourdonnement  —  s.   Aurium, 
Tinnitus  aurium. 
SUTELA,  Suture. 

SUTERBERRY,  Xanthoxj'lum  fraxineum. 
SUTORIUS,  Sartorius. 
SUTTER,  Saooharum. 

SUTURA  ABDOMINALIS,  Gastroraphy  — 
s.  Arcualis,  Corona,l  suture — s.  Biparietalis,  Sa- 
gittal suture  —  s.  Clavata,  Suture,  quilled  —  s. 
Corporis  callosi  externa,  see  Raphe  —  s.  Cranii 
squamosa,  Squamous  suture  —  s.  Dentata,  see 
Suture  —  s.  Frontoparietalis,  Coronal  suture  —  s. 
Interparietalis,  Sagittal  suture  —  s.  Jugalis,  Sa- 
gittal suture — s.  Lambdoidalis,  Lambdoid  suture 
—  s.  Limbosa,  see  Suture  —  s.  Lepidoides,  Squa- 
mous suture  —  s.  Mendosa,  Squamous  suture  —  s. 
Notha,  see  Suture — s.  Obelsea,  Sagittal  suture  — 
s.  Ossium  Spuria,  Harmony  —  s.  Proras,  Lamb- 
doid suture  —  s.  Punctata,  Suture,  common  —  s. 
Puppis,  Coronal  suture  —  s.  Rhabdoides,  Sagittal 
suture— s.  Serrata,  see  Suture,  Sagittal  suture — s. 
Spuria,  see  Suture — s.  Squamosa,  see  Suture — s. 
Vera,  see  Suture. 

SUTURAL,  Sutwa'Iis ;  same  etymon  as  the 
next.     Relating  to  a  suture. 

SUTURE,  Siitu'ra,  Snte'la,  Arme,  Rhaphe, 
from  suere,  sittu.m,  'to  stitch  ;'  Dove-tail  joint,  (F.) 
Engrenure.  A  kind  of  immovable  articulation, 
in  which  the  bones  unite  by  means  of  serrated 
edges,  which  are,  as  it  were,  dove-tailed  into  each 
other.  The  articulations  of  the  greater  part  of 
the  bones  of  the  skull  are  of  this  kind.  The 
coronal,  lambdoidal,  and  sagittal  sutures  are 
called  true  sutures,  sutu'va  vercB,  the  two  temporal 
are  called /mfee  sutnreg,  suturm  nothw  seu  apu'rics 
seu  squamo'scB. 

A  dentated  suture — Sntu'ra  denta'tn  —  is  one 
in  which  the  processes  are  long  and  dentiform. 


as  in  the  interparietal  suture.  In  a  serrated 
suture  —  sutu'ra  seu  syntax'is  serra'ta  —  the  in- 
dentations and  processes  are  small  and  fine,  like 
the  teeth  of  a  saw,  as  in  the  suture  between  the 
two  portions  of  the  frontal  bone.  In  the  eutu'ra 
limho'sa  there  is  along  with  the  dentated  mar- 
gins a  degree  of  bevelling  of  one,  so  that  one 
bone  rests  on  the  other,  as  in  the  occipito-parie- 
tal  suture. 

Suture,  in  Sxirgery,  Rha'phe,  means  an  opera- 
tion which  consists  in  stitching  the  lips  of  a  wound 
to  procure  their  union.  The  suture  was,  at  one 
time,  largely  employed  ;  but,  in  modern  times, 
its  use  has  been  wisely  restricted.  There  are  few 
wounds  in  which  the  edges  may  not  be  brought 
together  by  adhesive  plaster  appropriately  ap- 
plied. This  kind  of  union,  by  adhesive  plaster 
simply,  h.is  been  absurdly  termed  Sutura  sicca 
or  dry  suture,  in  opposition  to  the  Sutura  cruenta 
or  suture  properly  so  called.  The  suture  is  gene- 
rally performed  with  waxed  thread  and  straight 
or  curved  needles,  according  to  the  arrangement 
of  parts. 

The  chief  sutures  are  the  interrupted  suture, 
the  quilled  suture,  the  glover's  suture,  and  the 
twisted-  suture.  1.  The  Interrup'ted  Suture, 
(F.)  Suture  d  points  separSs,  Suture  entrecoupee, 
is  performed  by  passing  a  needle,  armed  with  a 
ligature,  through  the  lips  of  the  wound  previ- 
ously brought  into  contact;  and  then  tying  the 
extremities  of  the  thread.  The  other  stitches 
are  made  in  the  same  manner.  They  are  sepa- 
rate or  interrupted.  It  is  the  suture  most  com- 
monly used.  2.  The  Quilled  Suture,  Sutara 
clavn'ta,  (F.)  Suture  enchevillee  ou  eniplumee  ou 
empennee.  Compound  Suture,  is  merely  the  inter- 
rupted suture,  with  this  difference,  that  the  liga- 
tures are  not  tied  over  the  face  of  the  imund,  but 
over  two  quills  or  rolls  of  plaster,  or  bougies, 
which  are  laid  along  the  sides  of  the  wound.  It 
is  used  by  some  surgeons,  on  account  of  there 
being  less  dnnger  of  the  stitches  tearing  out.  It 
is  not  much  employed.  The  Clamp  Suture, 
used  by  Dr.  Sims,  of  New  York,  in  the  treatment 
of  vesico-vaginal  fistulae,  is  a  modification  of  this. 
It  is  formed  by  two  cylinders  of  silver  or  lead, 
perforated  at  several  points  for  the  passage  of 
small  pieces  of  fine  silver  wire,  which  are  to 
supply  the  places  of  thread,  and  are  prevented 
from  slipping  by  perforated  shot  carried  down 
upon  them,  pressed  against  the  cylinders,  and 
kept  in  situ  by  being  firmly  pinched  with  pliers. 
.3.  The  Glover's  Suturb,  Oontin'ued  or  Unin- 
terrup'ted  Suture,  fF. )  Suture  de  Pelletier,  ou  en 
surget,  is  executed  by  introducing  the  needle  first 
into  one  lip  of  the  wound  from  within  outwards, 
then  into  the  other  in  the  same  way;  and,  in 
this  manner,  sewing  up  the  whole  extent  of  the 
wound.  It  has  been  chiefly  used  in  wounds  of 
the  intestinal  canal.  It  is  now  rarely  employed 
except  for  stitching  up  dead  bodies.  The  com- 
mon stitch  or  suture,  Sutura  puncta'ta,  (F.)  Su- 
ture d  points  passes,  has  been  used  in  similar 
cases.  4.  The  Royal  Stitch  or  Suture  is  the 
name  of  an  old  operation  for  the  cure  of  bubono- 
cele. It  consisted  in  putting  a  ligature  under 
the  hernial  sac,  close  to  the  abdominal  ring,  and 
then  tying  that  part  of  the  sac,  so  as  to  render  it 
impervious  by  the  adhesive  inflammation  thus 
excited.  5.  The  Twisted  Suture,  (F.)  Suture 
entortillee,  is  employed,  chieflj',  to  unite  wounds 
of  the  cheeks  and  of  the  free  edges  of  the  lips. 
To  perform  it,  a  pin  or  needle  is  passed  through 
the  edges  of  the  wound,  so  as  to  keep  them  ac- 
curately in  contact.  A  piece  of  thread  is  then 
wound  accurately  around  the  pin,  from  one  side 
of  the  division  to  the  other,  in  the  form  of  the 
figure  CO  .  The  number  of  pins  and  sutures  must, 
of  course,   correspond   with    the   extent   of   the 


SWAB 


SYCEPIIALUS 


wound.  This  is  the  suture  used  in  cases  of  hare- 
lip. The  Button  Suture,  of  Dr.  Bozeman,  of 
Alabama,  employed  in  vesico-vaginal  fistula,  is  a 
modification  of  this.  6.  The  SUTURE  A  ANSE, 
of  Le  Bran,  has  only  been  employed  in  cases  of 
wound.s  of  the  intestines.  For  this  purpose,  the 
edges  of  the  wound  are  brought  together,  and  as 
many  needles,  with  unwaxed  threads,  used  as 
there  are  to  be  stitches.  Each  stitch  is  then 
made  by  passing  a  needle  through  the  edges  ;  and 
all  the  ligatures  which  belong  to  one  side  of  the 
wound  are  tied  together,  and  twisted  so  as  to  form 
a  thread,  which  is  fixed  externally.  7.  The  Im- 
planted Suture,  (F.)  Suture  implantee,  is  formed 
by  pins  arranged  parallel  to  the  edges  of  the 
wound,  and  imjjlanted  in  their  substance.  By 
means  of  threads,  the  needles  are  approximated 
so  as  to  bring  the  edges  of  the  wound  together. 
8.  The  Plastic  Suture,  so  called  by  Prof.  Pan- 
coast,  of  Philadelphia,  its  proposer,  is  a  suture  b}' 
tongue  and  groove.  The  groove  is  made  by  an 
incision  in  the  part,  which  is  to  receive  the  flap. 
The  tongue  is  made  on  the  flap  by  bevelling  off 
the  two  surfiices,  cuticular  and  adipose.  The 
suture  is  made  by  passing  a  loop  of  thread,  by  two 
punctures,  deep  through  the  inner  lip  of  the 
groove.  The  two  needles  are  passed  through  the 
base  of  the  tongue,  and  again  through  the  outer 
lip  of  the  groove.  The  two  ends  of  the  thread 
are  then  tied  over  a  small  roll  of  adhesive  plas- 
ter, by  which  the  tongue  is,  of  necessity,  forced 
deep  into  the  groove.  Four  raw  surfaces  are  thus 
firmly  held  in  connection,  making  the  union  of 
parts,  by  this  suture,  a  very  certain  process. 

Suture,  Button,  see  Suture,  (twisted)  —  s. 
©lamp,  see  Suture,  (quilled)  —  s.  Com2)ound, 
Suture,  quilled  —  s.  Continued,  Suture,   glover's 

—  s.  Ecailleuse,  Squamous  suture — s.  Empen- 
nee,  Suture,  quilled — s.  Emplumee,  Suture,  quilled 

—  a.  Enchevillee,  Suture,  quilled — s.  Entoi-tillee, 
Suture,  twisted  —  s.  Entrecoupee,  Suture,  inter- 
rupted—  s.  False,  Harmony,  see  Suture  —  s.  Im- 
plantee, see  Suture,  (implanted)  —  s.  Occipitale, 
Lambdoid  suture — s.  Occipito-parietal,  Lambdoid 
suture  —  «.  de  PeUetier,  Suture,  glover's  —  s.  Pe- 
rineal, Perinceorrhaphy — s.  Plastic,  see    Suture 

—  s.  d  Points  passes,  Suture,  common — s.  a 
Points  separes,  Suture,  interrupted  —  s.  Sagittal, 
see  Sagittal  suture  —  s.  Squameuse,  Squamous 
suture  —  a.  en  Surget,  Suture,  glover's — s.  Super- 
ficial, Harmony  —  s.  Uninterrupted,  see  Suture, 
glover's. 

SWAB,  from  Sax.  rPebban,  '  to  clean  with  a 
mop.'  A  piece  of  sponge  or  rag  tied  to  a  rod  of 
whalebone  or  wood,  for  cleansing  the  mouth  of 
the  sick,  or  applying  remedial  agents  to  deep- 
seated  parts.     The  process  is  termed  Swahhivg. 

SWA"DDLINa  CLOTHES,  Swathing  clothes. 

SWAGBELLY,  Physconia. 

SWALLOW,  Hirundo  — s.  Wort,  Asclepias 
vincetoxicum  —  s.  Wort,  orange,  Asclepias  tube- 
rosa — s.  Wort,  tuberous-rooted,  Asclepias  tuberosa 

—  s.  Wort,  white,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 
SWALLOW'S  NEST,  Nidus  hirundinis. 
SWALME,  Excrescence,  Tumour. 
SWAMP  CABBAGE,  Dracontium  foetidum  — 

s.  Dogwood,  Petela  trifoliata  —  s.  Sickness,  Milk 
sickness— s.  Wood,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis, 
Dirca  palustris. 

SWARFF.  Stupor,  Syncope. 

SWATHING  CLOTHES,  SwaddUnrj  CJotJies, 
Incwmb'nla,  FascicB,  Panni,  from  Sax.  j-peban, 
'to  bind.'  (P.)  Jfaillot.  The  kind  of  clothing 
or  bandaging  formerly  applied  to  children  dur- 
ing the  first  year  of  life.  It  is  now,  properly, 
laid  aside,  and  every  freedom  allowed  to  muscu- 
lar exertion. 

SWEAT,  Sudor— s.  Bloody,  Sudor  eruentus  — 


s.  Glands,  see  Perspiration  —  s.  Root,  Polemo- 
nium  reptans  —  s.  Scab,  Crusta  genu  equinge. 

SWEATING,  Ephidrosis— s.  Bath,  Achicolum 
— s.  of  Blood,  see  Diapedesis,  and  Sudor  eruentus 

—  s.  House,  Achicolum — s.  Plant,  Eupatorium 
perfoliatum — s.  Room,  Achicolum  —  s.  Sickness, 
Sudor  Anglieus. 

Sweating  Sickness,  Malwah.  A  disease 
which  appears  to  be  allied  to  the  worst  form  of 
cholera,  and  to  bear  a  close  relation  to  malignant 
congestive  fever.  As  its  name  imports,  it  occurs 
in  Malwah  in  India. 

SWEBBING,  Syncope. 

SWEE,  Vertigo. 

SAVEEMING,  Syncope. 

SWEEMISII,  see  Syncope. 

SWEET  BITTER,  Triosteum— s.  Bread,  Pan- 
creas, Thymus  —  s.  Bush,  Comptonia  asplenifolia 
— s.  Fern,  Comptonia  asplenifolia — s.  Flag,  Acorus 
calamus  —  s.  Pod,  Ceratonium  siliqua  —  s.  Root, 
Aralia  nudicaulis. 

SWELLING,  Eptanaste'mn,  Exar'ma,  Exoede'- 
sis,  Presis,  Presma,  Oncus,  Extumefac'tio,  Tumor, 
Tumefac'tio,  (Prov.)  Blawing,  Boist,  Coul,  (Old 
Eng.)  Boche,  BoUynge,  Bulning,  (F.)  Enflure, 
Goiiflement,  from  Sax.  TPellan,  (D.)  swellen 
(G.)  schwellen,  'to  swell,'  Morbid  increase 
of  bulk  in  the  whole,  or  a  part,  of  the  body.  See 
Tumour. 

Swelling,  White,  Hydrarthrus. 

SWENSIE,  Cynanche. 

SWENYNG,  Somnium. 

SWERF,  Stupor,  Syncope. 

SWERTIA  CHIRAYITA,  Gentiana  chirayita 

—  s.  DifFormis,  see  Calumba  —  s.  Frasera,  see 
Calumba  —  s.  Lutea,  Gentiana  lutea. 

SWEUIN.  Somnium. 

SWEVYNG,  Somnium. 

SWEVYNYNG.  Somnium. 

SWIETE'NIA  FEBRIF'UGA,  after  Van 
Swieten,  S.  So'mida,  Soym'ida  seu  Cedre'Ia  fe- 
hrif'vga,  FeVrifuge  Swiete'nin,  (F.)  Ifahogan 
febrifvge.  Ord.  Meliacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Decan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  bark  of  this  tree,  which  is 
a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  called  there  liohena 
Bark,  has  an  aromatic  odour  and  bitter  taste.  It 
is  tonic  and  stomachic,  and  has  been  used  in  in- 
termittents,  and  in  diseases  where  bitter  tonics 
are  indicated.     Dose,  ^j  to  ^ij  of  the  powder. 

Swietb'nia  Mahog'ani,  Ccdrvs  Jfahog'ani, 
Mahogany  Tree,  grows  in  the  West  Indies  and 
tropical  America,  and  is  possessed  of  similar  pro- 
perties. 

Swiete'nia  Senegalen'sis.  Khaya  Senegalen'- 
sis.  A  common  forest  tree  on  the  borders  of  the 
Gambia.  The  bark  called  Gail-cedra,  and  Kareon 
Khayi,  is  bitter  and  antiperiodic. 

Swietenia  Somida,  S.  Febrifuga. 

SWIM,  Air  bladder. 

SWIMBLADDER,  Air  bladder. 

SWIMMING,  Natation--s.  Bladder,  Air  blad- 
der —  s.  of  the  Head,  Vertigo. 

SWINACIE.  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

SWINE-POX,  see  Varicella. 

SWINE-SAME,  Adeps. 

SWINE-THISTLE,  Sonchus. 

SWINNYING,  Vertigo. 

SWOON,  Syncope. 

SWOONING,  Syncope. 

SWOUNDING,  Syncope. 

SYALADENI'TIS,  Jnflamma'tio  glaiuhda'- 
rxim  saliva'lium,  from  ciaXov,  '  saliva,'  aSyv,  '  a 
gland,'  and  itia,  denoting  inflamn.ation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  salivary  glands. 

SYCAMINOS,  Morus  nigra, 

SYCAMINUM,  see  Morus  nigra. 

SYCE,  Ficus,  Ficus  carica. 

SYCEA,  Ficus. 

SYCEPH'ALUS,  from  aw,  <  with,'  '  together-,' 


SYCION 


888 


SYMPATHY 


tand  Kt<j>a\ri,  '  head.'     A  monster  having  two  heads 
united  together. 

SY'CIOjST,  avKiov,  from  otvkov,  'a,  fig.'  A  decoc- 
tion of  dried  figs. 

SY'CIOS  ANGULA'TUS.  One-seeded  star 
ciicHviher,  Wild  Dry'ony.  The  roots  and  seeds 
of  this  indigenous  plant,  Order,  Cucurbitacese, 
are  bitter,  purgative  and  diuretic.  It  is  used  in 
dropsy  in  the  same  cases  as  bryony. 

SYCI'TES,  from  ovkov,  '  a  fig.'  Wine,  in  which 
figs  have  been  infused. 

Sycttes,  Catorchites. 

SYCOMA,  Ficus. 

SYCO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  A  tumour  of  the 
shape  of  a  fig.  Also,  a  fungous  ulcer.  A  horny 
excrescence  about  the  eyelids.  Dr.  Bateman 
defines  it : — an  eruption  of  inflamed  but  not  very 
hard  tubercles  occurring  on  the  bearded  portion 
of  the  face  and  on  the  scalp,  in  adults;  and 
usually  clustering  together  in  irregular  patches ; 
—  Phyma  Sycosis,  JRose'ola  fico'sa,  Acne  men'ta- 
gra.  Of  this  he  has  given  two  species  :  1.  Syco- 
sis Menti,  S.  harha,  JHen'tagra.  Menti'go,  Varus 
Men' tagra,  Mentagroph' yta,  Chimcelk,  Chiniohelk, 
Barber's  Itch,  (P.)  Dartre  pustnleuse  mentagre  : 
and,  2.  Sycosis  Cajiil'li,  S.  Cajiillifii.  The 
treatment,  in  both  cases,  resembles  that  for  por- 
rigo  favosa. 

Sycosis,  Ficus. 

SYCUM,  Ficus. 

SYDERATIO,  Sideratio. 

SYLLEPSIS,  Conception. 

SYLLEPSIOLOG"IA,  from  cvWrj-ia';,  'con- 
ception,' and  Xoj/o;,  '  a  description.'  The  doctrine 
of  conception. 

SYM,  SYN,  cvv,  '  with,  together,'  like  the  exim, 
con,  col,  cor,  &c.,  of  the  Latins.  A  common 
prefix.  Before  6,  jt,  ph,  ps,  and  m, — sym,  or 
xyn,  is  changed  into  sym  or  xym,  (com;)  before 
c,  ch,  g,  k,  and  x,  into  syn  or  xyn,  any,  ^vy,  (con  ;) 
before  I  into  syl  or  xyl,  (col ;)  before  r  into  syr  or 
xyr  (cor :)  and  before  s  into  sy  or  ocy,  and  sys,  (co 
and  cos.) 

SYMBLEPHARON,  Ankyloblepharon. 

SYMBLEPHARO'SIS,  Concre'tio  palpehra'- 
rum  cum  hnlho  oc'idi,  from  sym,  and  fi\eipapov,  'an 
eyelid.'  A  preternatural  adhesion  between  the 
eyelids ;  and  especially  between  the  upper  eyelid 
and  globe  of  the  eye. 

Symblepharosis,  Ankyloblepharon. 

SYMBOL,  Sym'holnm,  Character,  (F.)  Carac- 
tere,  from  (Tu//j3aAXM  (aw,  and  (iaWw,  '  I  throw'), 
'  I  compare.'  A  sign  or  representation  of  some- 
thing else. 

The  following  are  the  symbols  used  in  pre- 
scriptions : 

R,  Recipe.     See  R. 
gr.,   Granum,  a  grain. 
3,  Scrupidus  seu  scrupulum,  a  scruple. 
^,  Drachma,  a  drachm. 
^,   Uncia,  an  ounce, 
ft).  Libra,  a  pound. 
1ft),  LihrcB,  pounds. 
TTL,  3Iiiiimum,  a  minim, 
f  5i  Fluidrachma,  a  fluidrachm. 
f  ^,  Fluidimcia,  a  fluidounce. 
0,    Octarius,  a  pint. 
C,   Congius,  a  gallon.     See  Abbreviation. 

SYMBOLlB,  Commissure. 

SYMBOLEUSIS,  Consultation. 

SYMBOLISMUS,  Sympathy. 

SYMBOLIZATIO,  Sympathy. 

SYMBOLOGICA,  Symptomatology. 

SYMBOLUM,  Sympathy. 

SY3IETRIE,  Symmetry. 

SYMETRIQUE,  SymmetricaL 


SYM'MELES,  from  sym,  and  ^£>o?,  '  an  ex- 
tremity.' Mon'opus.  A  genus  of  monsters  whose 
extremities  are  joined  together:  Sirens.  —  I.  G. 
St.  Hilaire. 

SYMMETRIA,  Symmetry. 

SYMMET'RICAL,  Symmet'ricus,  avixixtrpo;, 
(F.)  Symetrique,  from  sym,  and  ixerpeiv,  'to  mea- 
sure.' An  epithet  given  to  those  parts  of  the 
body,  which,  if  seated  on  the  median  line,  may 
be  divided  into  two  equal,  and  perfectly  like 
halves;  or  which  —  if  situate,  the  one  to  the 
right,  the  other  to  the  left  of  this  line  —  have  a 
similar  conformation,  and  a  perfectly  analogous 
arrangement. 

Symmetrical  Diseases,  see  Symmetry. 

SYM'METRY,  Symmet'ria,  Commen'sum,  3Iem- 
bro'rum  Om'nium  Competen'tia,  Prop>or'tio,  (P.) 
Sy  metric.  The  regularity  in  form,  observed  in 
many  parts,  situate  on  the  median  line;  and, 
also,  the  resemblance  which  exists  between  many 
organs  that  are  situate  on  each  side  of  the  median 
line ;  Bilateral  Symmetry.  Bichat  first  noticed 
that  this  symmetry  was  confined  to  the  organs 
of  animal  life ;  as  the  head,  brain,  spine,  organs 
of  sense,  locomotion,  &c. 

It  has  been  affirmed — and  there  is  evidence  in 
favour  of  the  assertion  —  to  be  a  law  of  the 
animal  economy,  that  when  uninfluenced  by  dis- 
turbing agents,  all  general  or  constitutional  dis- 
eases affect  equally  and  similarly  the  correspond- 
ing parts  of  the  two  sides  of  the  body.  This  has 
been  called  the  Symmetry  of  Diseases ;  and  the 
resulting  diseases  are  said  to  be  symmetrical. 

SYMMETRY  OF  DISEASES,  see  Symmetry. 

SYMPARATERESIS,  Observation. 

SYMPASMA,  Catapasma. 

SYMPATHESIS,  Sympathy. 

SYMPATHETIC,  Sympath'icns,  Sympatheti- 
ctis,  (P.)  Sympathique,  from  sym,  and  jraS-o;, 
'suffering.'  That  which  depends  on  sympathy. 
Sympathetic  affections  of  an  organ  are  those 
morbid  phenomena  that  supervene  without  any 
morbific  cause  acting  directly  on  it,  and  by  the 
reaction  of  another  organ  primarily  afTected. 
Thus,  itching  of  the  nose  is  a  sympathetic  affec- 
tion, produced  by  irritation  in  the  intestinal 
canal. 

The  epithet  sympathetic  is,  also,  given  to  dif- 
ferent nerves.  See  Trisplanchnic,  Pneumogastric, 
and  Facial. 

Sympathetic,  Great,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — s. 
Middle,  Pneumogastric — s.  Nerve,  Trisplanchnic 
nerve. 

Sympathetic  Powder,  Pulvis  sympathet'icns 
or  Powder  of  Sympathy  of  Sir  Kenelme  Digby, 
was  composed  of  calcined  suljphate  of  iron,  pre- 
pared in  a  particular  manner.  It  was  long  sup- 
posed to  be  able  to  cure  a  wound,  if  applied  to 
the  weapon  that  inflicted  it;  or  even  to  a  portion 
of  the  bloody  clothes.  It  is  proper  to  remark, 
however,  that  the  wound  itself  was  carefully  ex- 
cluded from  the  air,  and  from  all  irritation. 

SYMPATHETICUS  MINOR,  Facial  nerve. 

SYMPATHETISMUS,  Sympathy. 

SYMPATHIA,  Consent  of  parts. 

SYMPATHICUS,  Sympathetic. 

SYMPATHIQUE,  Sympathetic  —  s.  Nerf, 
Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

SYM'PATHY,  Sympathi'a,  Sympathe'sis,  Com- 
pas'sio,  Consensus,  Sympiathctis' mus,  Sympathi'a, 
Conjlux'io,  Conspira'tio,  Commer'cium,  Conspr'- 
tium,  Homoiopathi'a,  Homoeth'nia,  Adelphix'is, 
Symholis'mus,  Symboliza'tio,  Sym'bolum.  Same 
etymon.  The  connexion  that  exists  between  the 
action  of  two  or  more  organs,  more  or  less  dis- 
tant from  each  other;  so  that  the  affection  of  the 
first  is  transmitted,  secondarily,  to  the  others,  or 
to  one  of  the  others,  by  means  unknown.  A 
knowledge  of  the  particular  sympathies  between 


SYMPEPSIS 


889 


SYNCIPUT 


different  organs  throws  light  on  the  etiology  of 
diseases,  their  seat,  and  the  particular  organs  to- 
wards which  our  therapeutical  means  should  be 
directed.     See  Irritation. 

SYMPEPSIS,  Coction. 

SYMPEXIS,  Concretion. 

SYMPHORA,  Congestion. 

SYMPHOREMA,  Congestion. 

SYMPHORESIS,  Congestion. 

SYMPHORICAR'PUS  RACEMO'SUS,  Snoio- 
herry;  from  avufpopew,  'to  bear  together,'  and  Kapwoq, 
'fruit,'  owing  to  the  clustered  berries.  An  indi- 
genous plant.  Order  Caprifoliaceae,  Tribe  Loni- 
cerse,  whose  berries  are  large,  bright  white,  and 
remain  till  winter ;  flowering  from  June  to  Sep- 
tember. The  root  is  tonic  and  astringent,  and 
has  been  used  in  ague;  and  by  the  Indians  in 
syphilis. 

SYMPHYIA,  Symphysis. 

SYMPHYOCEPH'ALTIS,  Ifetop'ages,  Ce23ha- 
lop'ages,  from  aviK^vr];,  (aw,  and  0tiM,  '  to  grow,) 
'united  together,'  and  Kt(pa'Sv,  'head.'  A  mon- 
strosity in  which  twins  are  united  by  the  head. 

SYMPHYSEOT'OMY,  Symiihysot'omy,  Syn- 
cJiondrot'omy,  Symphyseotom' ia,  Synijjhysiotom'ia, 
from  symphysis,  and  nnvti),  'I  cut.'  The  oj^era- 
tion  or  section  of  the  Sy7ri2}kysis,  Sigaultian  opera- 
tion or  section.  This  operation  is  performed 
with  the  view  of  augmenting  the  diameter  of  the 
pelvis,  in  order  to  facilitate  delivery  in  certain 
cases  of  faulty  conformation  of  that  cavity,  with 
wedging  of  the  head  of  the  child  therein.  To 
perform  the  operation,  (F.)  desymphyser,  the  fe- 
male is  placed  on  her  back;  the  pubes  is  shaved; 
and,  with  a  strong  scalpel,  the  soft  parts  are  di- 
vided on  the  median  line.  The  articulation  is 
then  c;it.  As  soon  as  the  fibrous  parts,  which 
hold  the  bones  together,  are  divided,  they  sepa- 
rate to  a  certain  distance  from  each  other;  and 
the  delivery  may  be  aecoraplished.  The  knife, 
with  which  the  operation  is  performed,  is  called, 
by  the  French,  Couteau  symjyhysien. 

SYMPHYS'IA,  from  cvfupvw,  '  to  grow  to- 
gether.' A  malformation  consisting  in  the  union 
of  parts  that  are  usually  divided.  —  Breschet. 
SYMPHYSIOTOMIA,  Symphyseotomy. 
SYM'PHYSIS,  Symphy'ia,  Coalescen'tia,  Co- 
al'itus,  Coalit"io,  (F.)  Symphysie,  from  avjx(pviii 
[aw,  'with,'  and  (pvw,  'I  grow'),  'I  unite  to- 
gether.' A  union  of  bones.  The  bond  of  such 
union.  The  aggregate  of  means  used  for  retain- 
ing bones  in  situ  in  the  articulations.  The  name 
symphysis  has,  however,  been  more  particularly 
appropriated  to  certain  articulations;  as  to  the 
symphysis  pubis,  sacro-iliae  symphysis,  Sec.  See 
Monster. 

Symphysis,   Coalescence,    Commissure,  Inser- 
tion—  s.  Cartilaginea,   Synchondrosis  —  s.  Liga- 
mentosa.    Syndesmosis  —  s.    Ossium   miiscularis, 
Syssarcosis — -s.  Pubis,  Pubio  articulation. 
SYMPHYSOTOMY,  Symphyseotomy. 
SYMPHYTOS,  Hereditary. 
SYM'PHYTUM.     Same  etymon.     Symphytum 
officina'le  seu  album  seu  Bohe'micum,  Oonsol'ida 
major,  Comfrey,   Alum,   Ahis,    (Prov.)  Knit-back, 
(F.)  Grande  Oonsoude,  Oreilles  d'dne.      Ord.  Bo- 
raginacea?.     Sex.  Syst.    Pentandria    Monogynia. 
The  roots  of  this  European   plant  are  very  muci- 
laginous, and  are  employed  as  emollients.     They 
are  used  in  decoction  in  hiemoptysis,  dysentery, 
chronic  diarrhoea,  &c. 

Symphytusi,  Solidago  virgaurea — s.  Album, 
Symphytum  —  s.  Bohemicum,  Symphytum  —  s. 
Minimum,  Bellis  —  s.  Minus,  Prunella — s.  Offi- 
cinale, Symphytum. 

Symphytum  Petrje'um,  Con's  Monspelien'sis, 
Montpel'lier  Coris.  An  intensely  bitter  and  nau- 
seous plant,  which  is  said  to  have  been  useful  in 
syphilis.     See,  also,  Sanicula. 


SYMPLOCARP'US  ANGUSTISPATHA, 
Dracontium  angustispatha  —  s.  Fcetida,  Draeon- 
tium  fcetidum. 

SYMPOD'IA,  ITonopod'ia,  from  sym,  and  ttoii?, 
TToSos,  '  afoot.'  A  monstrosity  in  which  there  is 
coalescence  of  the  lower  extremities. 

SYMPTOM,  Sympto'ma,  Ac'cidens,  Casus,  from 
sym,  and  nrwua,  '  a  fall,'  from  irt-^Toj,  'I  fall.'  Any 
change,  perceptible  to  the  senses  in  any  organ 
or  function,  which  is  connected  with  morbific  in- 
fluence. It  is  by  the  aggregate  and  succession 
of  symptoms  that  a  disease  is  detected.  The  term 
symptoms  of  cymptoms  has  been  tised  for  the 
effects  which  result  from  the  symptoms  of  a  dis- 
ease; but  which  effects  are  not  essentially  con- 
nected with  the  disease  itself.  Thus,  the  debility 
arising  from  the  frequency  of  evacuations  in  dys- 
entery is  a  symptotn  of  symptoms.  Symptom,  at 
one  time,  was  generally  used  in  the  same 
sense  as  sign ;  but  with  many,  perhaps  most, 
of  the  present  day,  the  former  signifies  a  func- 
tional or  vital  phenomenon  of  disease,  whilst 
the  latter  is  applied  to  that  which  is  more  directly 
physical;  —  and  hence  the  expressions /«)icJio)ioZ 
or  vital  phenomena  or  symp>toms,  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  the  j)hysical  signs  afforded  by  ausculta- 
tion, percussion,  <fec.     See  Sign. 

SYMPTOMA  TURPITUDINIS,  Nympho- 
mania. 

SYMPTOMAT'IC,  Symptomat'icus,  (F.)  Symp,- 
tomatique.  That  which  is  a  symptom  of  some 
other  affection.  Thus  we  speak  of  a  sj'mptomatic 
disease,  in  opposition  to  one  that  is  idiopathic. 

SYMPTOMATOGRAPHY,  Semeiography. 

SYMPTOMAT  OL'OGY,  Symptomatolog"ia, 
Symbolog"ica,  from  symptoma,  and  \oyog,  'a 
treatise.'  The  branch  of  pathology,  the  object 
of  which  is  the  knowledge  of  symptoms. 

SYMPTO'SIS,  from  sym,  and  ttitttu,  'I  fall.' 
Depression  or  collapse,  emaciation  or  atrophy, 
either  of  the  whole  body  or  of  a  part. 

SYN,  Sym. 

SYNiEREMA,  Corrugation. 

SYN^TION,  Concausa. 

SYNANCHE,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

SYNANCIE,  Cynanche. 

SYNAPHYMENITIS,  see  Ophthalmia. 

SYNAPTASE,  see  Amygdalin. 

SYNARTHRODIA,  Synarthrosis. 

SYNARTHRO'DIAL,  Synarthrodia'lis,  from 
syn,  and  ap&pwats,  'articulation.'  That  which 
belongs  to  synarthrosis ;  as  Synarthrodial  articu- 
lation. 

SYNARTHRO'SIS,  Synarthro'dla,  Aharticu- 
la'tio,  Coarticula'tio.  An  immovable  articulation. 
Synarthrosis  includes  three  species:  Suture, 
Harmony,  and  Gnmphosis. 

SYNATHROESIS,  Congestion. 

SYNATHROISMUS,  Congestion. 

SYNCAN'THUS,  from  syn,  and  KavOui,  'the 
corner  of  the  eye.'  A  morbid  adhesion  between 
the  globe  of  the  eye  and  the  orbit. 

SYNCHONDRO'SIS,  Sym'physis  sen  Coji'ula 
seu  Connex'io  cartilagin'ea,  Chonclrosyiidesm'us, 
from  syn,  and  x°^^P°s,  'a  cartilage.'  Union  or 
articulation  of  bones  by  means  of  cartilage  :— as 
the  articulations  of  the  ribs  with  the  sternum,  by 
means  of  their  cartilao:es  of  prolongation. 

SYNCHONDROTOMY,  Symphyseotomy. 

SYNCHRONIUS,  Synchronous. 

SYN'CHRONOUS,  'Syn'chronus,  Synchron'i'u-s, 
Isoch'ronous,  from  syn,  and  ^povoi,  '  time.'  That 
which  occurs  at  the  same  time.  Thus  the  pulsa- 
tions of  an  artery  are  said  to  be  synchronous  with 
those  of  the  heart. 

SYNCHRONUS,  Synchronous. 

SYNCHYSIS,  Confusio  — s.  Sparkling,  Con- 
fusio. 

SYNCIPUT,  Sinciput. 


SYNCLONESIS 


890 


SYNOCHUS 


SYNCLONESIS,  Synclonus. 
SYN'CLONUS,  Synclone'sis,  from  avyK\ovt(a, 
{aw,  a,nd  k)^oviui,  'I  shake,')  'I  shake  together.' 
Tremulous,  simultaneous,  and  chronic  agitation 
of  various  muscles,  especially  when  excited  by 
the  will;  Clon'ici  vniversa'les,  Clomts,  (Young.) 
Also,  general  spasm,  spas'mwi  universa' lis.  See 
Tremor,  Chorea,  &c. 

Synclonus  Ballismus,  Paralysis  agitans  —  s. 
Beriberia,  Beriberi  —  s.  Chorea,  Chorea — s.  Ra- 
phania,  Raphania  —  s.  Saltans,  Chorea  —  s.  Tre- 
mor, Tremor. 

SYNCOMIS'TUS,  from  fruyxo/zi^o),  {aw,  and 
KOjjit^ii),)  'I  bring  together.'  Autop'yros,  Panis 
domes' tieun,  secundariun,  ciba'rius,  confusa'neus. 
Bread  of  the  whole  wheat,  or  of  the  unsifted 
meal.  Household  bread.  Also  a  cataplasm  made 
of  the  same. 

SYN'COPAL,  St/ncopa'lis,  Syncop'ticus,  Syn- 
cop'tiis.  Same  etymon  as  Syncope  ;  as  Syn' copal 
Fever,  Fehris  Syncopa'lis.  A  pernicious  inter- 
mittent, characterized  by  repeated  attacks  of 
syncope.        _ 

SYN'COPE,  from  avyKo-nTia,  (aw,  and  koktw, 
*to  fall,')  'I  fall  down.'  An' inn  defec'tio  seu 
deli'quium,  Leipopsyeh'ia,  Lipopsych'ia,  Ap- 
sych'ia,  Apsyx'ia,  Lipsis  An'imi,  AspJiyx'ia, 
Apopsyeh'ia,  Lipothyni'ia,  Leipothym'ia,  Lipos- 
phyx'ia,  Eclips'is,  /Sn'bitiis  atiimi  casus,  Anen- 
cephalohcB'niia,  Ap'sychy,  Siooon,  Swooning, 
Fainting,  Fainting  Jit,  Faintness,  Exolu'tiun, 
(Sc.)  Droiv,  Diialm,  Swarff,  Sioerf,  Swarth, 
(Prov.)  Foiver,  Swebbing,  Sioeeming,  Swounding, 
Sound,  (P.)  Fvanouissement,  Defaillance,  Pa- 
moison.  Complete  and,  commonly,  sudden  loss 
of  sensation  and  motion,  with  considerable  dimi- 
nution, or  entire  suspension  of  the  pulsations  of 
the  heart  and  the  respiratory  movements.  Syncope 
is,  commonly,  an  affection  of  no  consequence; 
but,  sometimes,  it  is  an  index  of  diseased  heart. 
Placing  the  patient  in  the  horizontal  posture; 
sprinkling  cold  water  over  the  face,  and  the  ap- 
plication of  volatile  substances  to  the  nose,  are 
all  that  will  be  required  during  the  fit.  See  As- 
phy.xia,  and  Suffocation. 

An  approach  to  this  condition  is  termed  faint- 
ishness  ;  and  the  person  is  said  to  he  faint,  (Prov.) 
Stveemish. 

Syncope  Angens,  Angina  pectoris  —  s.  Angi- 
nosa.  Angina  pectoris. 

SYNCOPTICUS,  Syncopal. 
SYNCOPTUS,  Syncopal. 
SYNCRITICA,  Astringents. 
SYNDACTYLUS,  Aschistodactylus. 
SYNDESMI'TIS,  see  Ophthalmia.     Also,  in- 
flammation of  articular  ligaments  ;  Inflamnia'tio 
ligamento'rum,  from  syndesmos,  '  ligament,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation. 

SYNDESMOG '  RAPIIY,  Syndesmograph '  ia, 
from  syndesmos,  'a.  ligament,'  and  ypacfiri,  'a  de- 
scription.' A  description  of  the  ligaments.  The 
part  of  anatom}'  which  describes  the  ligaments. 

SYNDESMOL'OGY,  Syndesmolog"ia,  from 
syndesmos,  'a  ligament,'  and  \oyog,  'a  treatise, 
discourse.'     A  treatise  on  the  ligaments. 

SYNDES'MO-PHARYNGE'US.    A  fasciculus 
of  the  constrictor  pharyngis  superior. 
SYNDESMOS,  Ligament. 

SYNDESMO'SIS,  Synneuro'sis,  Synyme'nesis, 
Connex'io  seu  Sym'physis  ligamento'sa,  Commis'- 
su'ra  ner'vea,  Connerva'tio,  Golliga'tio,  from  syn- 
desmos, 'ligament.'  The  articulation  of  two  or 
more  bones  by  means  of  ligament; — as  of  the 
radius  with  the  ulna. 

SYNDESMOT'OMY,    Syndesmotom'ia,    from 
syndesmos,  'ligament,'  and  Tcpivhi,  'I  cut  or  dis- 
sect.'    Dissection  of  the  ligaments. 
SYNDESMUS,  Bandage,  Ligament. 


SYN'DROME,  from  syn,  andSpo/iog,  'a  course.' 
Concur'sus,  Concourse.  A  name  given  by  the 
Empirical  Sect  to  the  union  of  symptoms  which 
takes  place  in  diseases  : — Syndrome  pletho'rica, 
for  example,  meant  the  union  of  symptoms  pro- 
duced by  plethora. 

SYNDYASMUS,  Coition. 

SYNECHES,  see  Continued  fever. 

SYNECHI'A,  from  syn,  apd  ex^iv,  '  to  have,'  or 
'  to  hold.'  Adhesion  between  the  iris  and  trans- 
parent cornea,  or  between  the  iris  and  crystalline 
lens.  The  former  case  is  called  Synechia  ante'- 
rior  ;  the  latter,  S.  poste'rior. 

SYNENERGIA,  Synergy. 

SYNERGIA,  Synergy. 

SYNERGIE,  Synergy. 

SYN'ERGY,  Synergi'a,  Syneneryi'a,  (F.)  Sy- 
nergic; from  syn,  and  tpyov,  'work.'  A  correla- 
tion or  concourse  of  action  between  different  or- 
gans in  health ;  and,  according  to  some,  in  disease. 

SYNESIS,  Intellect. 

SYNEUROSIS,  Syndesmosis. 

SYNEZI'SIS,  Synize'sis,  Considen'tia,  from 
syn,  and  ^cvyvvsiv,  'to  join.' 

Synezi'sis  Pupill'^.Poj-o^j'sjs  Synizesis,Cali'- 
go  d  Synizesi,  Caligo  seu  Imperfora'tio  seu  Phthi- 
sis j}vpill(S,  Amyo'sis,  Closure  or  occlu'sion  or  ob- 
Htera'tion  of  the  Piipil.  This  disease  is  sometimes 
a  faulty  conformation,  depending  upon  the  con- 
tinued existence  of  the  membrana  pupillaris,  or 
the  absence  of  the  pupil.  It  is,  in  other  words, 
congenital.  At  other  times,  it  is  owing  to  acci- 
dent, and  supervenes  on  violent  ophthalmia,  or 
on  the  operation  for  cataract.  They  who  are 
aifected  with  synezizis  are  completely  blind  :  the 
iris  having  no  central  aperture.  In  certain  cases, 
a  remedy  may  be  obtained  by  making  an  opening 
in  the  iris,  which  may  supply  the  place  of  the 
pupil,  and  through  which  the  rays  of  light  may 
reach  the  retina.  This  operation  is  called  the 
opieration  for  artificial  pupil. 

SYNGENES,  Hereditary. 

SYNGENICUS,  Congenital. 

SYNHYMENESIS,  Synymenesis. 

SYNIMENESIS,  Synymenesis. 

SYNIZESIS,  Considentia,  Synezisis. 

SYNNEUROSIS,  Syndesmosis. 

SYN'OCHA,  from  owc'xui,  {aw,  and  cyu>,  'I 
have  or  hold,')  'I  continue.'  Inflam'matory  or 
Dynam'ic  Fever,  Angiop'yra,  Sthenop'yra,  Febria 
causo'des  seu  caumato'des  seu  deu'rens  seu  ardens 
seu  contin'ua  sanguin'ea  seu  contin'na  non  putris 
seu  acmas'tica  seu  acu'tu  seu  acn'ta  sangnin'ea 
seu  con'tinens  seu  continens  non  jiu'trida  seu  an~ 
gioten'ica  seu  sthenica  seu  sanguin'ea  seu  in- 
fammato'ria,  Homot'onos,  Syn'ochns  (Vogel),  S. 
impu'tris  (Galen),  Ene'cia  cauma  seu  ton'ica, 
Phlogop'yrus,  Cauma,  Calentura  continua,  (F.) 
Fievre  ardente  ou  continente  inflammatoire  ou 
sanguine  ou  irritative  ou  angeiotenique  ou  in- 
flammatoire, Gastro-enterile  intense  ;  General  in- 
flammation. A  species  of  continued  fever,  cha- 
racterized by  increased  heat;  and  by  quick, 
strong,  and  hard  pulse  ;  urine  high-coloured ;  dis- 
turbance of  mind  slight.  It  requires,  of  course, 
the  most  active  treatment. 

Synocha  Rheumatica,  Rheumatism,  acute — s. 
Vaccina,  Vaccina. 

SYN'OCHAL,  Synocha'lis;  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating to,  or  having  the  characters  of,  synocha. 

SYN'OCHUS,  Ene'cia  syn'ochus,  Fehris  lenta, 
(LinniBus,)  same  etymon.  Continued  fever,  com- 
pounded of  synocha  and  typhus: — in  its  com- 
mencement often  resembling  the  former;  In  its 
progress,  the  latter:  Mixed  fever,  Common  con- 
tinued fever,  Syn' ochoid  fever.  See  Continued 
fever.  Fever,  and  Typhus. 

Synochus,  Synocha — s.  Biliosa,  Fever,  gastric, 
Fever,  bilious — s.  Catarrhalis,  Influenza — s.  Icte- 


SYNOLCE 


891 


SYPHILIS 


rodes,  Fever,  yellow  —  s.  Imputris,  Synocha — s. 
Miliaria,  Miliary  fever — s.  Varicella,  Varicella. 

SYNOLCE,  Spasm. 

SYNONIA,  Synovia. 

SYNOSTEOG'RAPHY,  Si/no8t.eogra'pMa,{Tom 
syn,  oartov,  a  'bone,'  and  yp^'P^i  'I  describe.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  joints. 

SYNOSTEOL'OGY,  Synosteolog"{a,  from  syn, 
odTEov,  'a  bone,'  and  }^oyos,  'a  treatise.'  A  trea- 
tise on  the  joints. 

SYNOSTEO'SIS,  Synosto'sis,  from  syn,  and 
OdTsov,  'a  bone.'     Union  by  means  of  bone. 

SYNOSTEOT'OMY,  Synosteotom'ia,  from  syn, 
'with,'  oartov,  'a  bone,'  and  rejivtiv,  'to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  the  joints. 

SYNOSTOSIS,  Synosteosis. 

SYNO'VIA,  from  syn,  and  aov,  'an  egg.' 
Mueila'go,  Un'f/uen  sen  Unguen'tum  seu  Smegma 
articula' re,  Syno'nia,  Axuu'yia  articula'ris,  Muei- 
la'go articulo'rum  sea  junctura' rum,  Humor  arti- 
cula'ris, Nydrarthrus,  Humor  seu  Hn'michnn  nati'- 
vum  seu  Gluten  articulo'rum,  Arthrohydrine,  (E.) 
Synovie.  A  fluid  resemblingthe  white  of  egg,  which 
is  exhaled  by  the  synovial  membranes  surround- 
ing the  moveable  articulations.  The  synovia  has 
been  found,  on  analysis,  to  consist  of  water,  albu- 
men, soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  phosphate  of  lime, 
and  —  Fourcroy  fancied  —  uric  acid.  Its  use  is 
to  lubricate  the  joints,  and  the  sheaths  in  which 
tendons  play. 

SYNO'VIAL,  Synovia'lis.  That  which  relates 
to  the  synovia. 

Synovial,  Glands,  Havers's  Glands,  Gland'idcB 
articula' res  seu  Synovia'les  seu  Haversia'ncB,  are 
the  secretory  fringes,  which  float  in  the  interior 
of  the  synovial  capsules  (see  Capsules.)  They 
do  not  seem  to  be  glandular.  They  have  been 
called  St/tw'vial  Jim'bricB,  (F.)  Franges  synoviales. 

SYNOVI'TIS,  from  Synovia,  and  itis,  a  ter- 
mination denoting  inflammation.  A  term,  badly 
compounded,  applied  at  times  to  inflammation 
of  the  sj'novial  membrane,  arthrophlogo' sis  syno- 
via'lis. AVhen  it  alFects  the  bursas,  it  is,  some- 
times called  Bursi'tis. 

Synovitis  Rheumatismalis,  Rheumatism, 
(acute.) 

SYN'TASIS,  cvvTaatq,  from  avvTtivui,  (aw,  and 
Tcivoi,  '1  stretch,')  'I  strain.'  Tension  of  parts: 
hence  (Tuvranxa^re  medicines  which  render  parts 
tense.  Syntex'is,  on  the  other  hand,  means  Colli- 
qua'tio,  or  wasting  of  the  bodyj  frQm  avvT7]Kii>, 
'I  melt  together.' 

SYNTAXIS.  Articulation,  Reduction,  Taxis— 
s.  Serrata,  see  Suture. 

SYNTECOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 

SYNTECTYCOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 

SYNTENO'SIS,  from  syn,  and  rcviav,  'a  ten- 
don.' A  species  of  articulation  in  which  two 
bones  are  joined  by  means  of  tendon  ;  as  the  sesa- 
moid bones  with  the  toes,  the  rotula  with  the 
tibia,  &c. 

SYNTERESIS,  Prophylaxis. 

SYNTERETICUS,  Prophylactic. 

SYNTEXIS,  CoUiquation,  Consumption,  see 
Syntasis. 

SYNTHENA.  A  term  employed  by  Paracel- 
sus to  designate  a  species  of  epilepsy,  accompanied 
by  cardialgia  and  tormina. 

SYN'THESIS,  Reu'nio,  'composition  or  put- 
ting together,'  from  syn,  and  Ti^rjfiL,  'I  place.'  A 
surgical  operation,  which  consists  in  uniting  parts 
that  are  divided ;  and  approximating  such  as  are 
separated  or  distant  from  each  other.  Reu'nio 
par'tiuin  separata' rum,  Syn'tliesis  of  continu'ity, 
means  the  union  of  the  edges  of  a  wound,  or  the 
approximation  of  the  extremities  of  a  fractured 
bone.  Synthesis  of  contigu'ity  is  the  reduction 
of  displaced  organs ;  as  in  cases  of  hernia  and 
luxations. 


Synthesis,  Composition. 

SYNTHETIS'MUS,  same  etymon.  The  ag- 
gregate of  operations  and  means  for  reducing  a 
fracture,  and  maintaining  it  reduced  :^ — compris- 
ing extension,  counter-extension,  coaptation,  and 
bandaging. 

SYNTONINE,  see  Fibrin. 

SYNTRIMMA,  Contritio. 

SYNTRIPSIS,  Contritio. 

SYNTROPHOS,  Connutritus. 

SYXULOSIS,  Cicatrization. 

SYNULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

SYNUSIA,  Coition. 

SYNYME'NESIS,  Synhyme'nesis,  Synime'ne- 
sis,  from  syn,  and  'vfivv,  'a  membrane.'  Union 
of  bones  by  membrane,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
bones  of  the  head  in  the  foetus. 

Synymenesis,  Syndesmosis. 

SYPHAR,  Peritoneum. 

SYPHILIDES,  SypMli'da,(F.)  Bermo-sypM- 
lides,  Hermatosies  veroleuses.  Same  etymon  as 
Syphilis.  The  cutaneous  eruptions  that  accom- 
pany constitutional  syphilis  are  so  denominated 
by  the  French  writers. 

SYPHILID lA'TER,  Syphilidia'trus,  from  Sy- 
pJiilis,  and  larpos,  'a  physician.'  A  pox  doctor. 
One  who  occupies  himself  in  treating  syphilis. 

SYPHILIDOMANIA,  Syphilomania. 

SYPHILIPHO'BIA,  from  Syphilis  and  ((.ojlos, 
'dread.'  A  morbid  dread  of  syphilis,  giving  rise 
to  fancied  S3'mptoms  of  the  disease  :  a  form  of  hy- 
pochondriasis. 

SYPH'ILIS,  S.  vene'rea  seu  malig'na,  Siphi- 
lis.  Syphilis' mtts,  Cachex'ia  seu  Cacochyni'in  Ve- 
ne'rea, 3/alum  vene'reum,  Puden'dagra,  Jle'viiim, 
Lues,  L.  vene'rea  seu  syphilis,  Morbus  Gal'iicus 
seu  Ital'icus  seu  Hispan'icus  seu  Neajyjlita'nua 
seu  In'dicus  seu  ajihrodis'ius,  Patttrsu,  Basilis'- 
cus.  Bom,  Sod'oma  G alio' rum ;  Venereal,  Vene- 
real Disease,  Pox,  French.  Pox,  French  Crust, 
French  Distemper,  Foul  Disease,  old  cant  term, 
Grincomes,  (Prov.)  Pip,  (Sc.)  Glengore,  Glengour, 
Grandgore,  (F.)  Verole,  Maladie  vhierienne,  Mai 
de  Naples,  3Ial  FranQais,  Mcdadie  de  Venus. 
The  etymology  of  syphilis  is  unknown.  Some 
consider  it  to  proceed  from  avg,  'a  hog,'  and 
(piXtoi,  'I  love;'  others,  from  aw,  'with,'  and 
(piXco),  'I  love;'  and  others,  with  more  proba- 
bility, from  cirpXoi,  —  formed,  by  contraction, 
from  triTraXof, — 'a  reproach,'  &c.  It  is  an  infec- 
tious disease,  communicable  by  coition,  or  by  the 
contact  of  parts  that  are  only  lined  with  a  thin 
epidermis;  as  the  lips,  nipple,  &g.  It  generally 
makes  its  first  appearance  bj'  a  chancre,  followed 
sooner  or  later  by  a  bubo.  The  chancre  is  a  pri- 
mary symptom  or  sore;  but  there  are  others 
which  are  secondary  or  constitutional.  These 
are: — ulcers  in  the  throat;  copper- coloured 
blotches  on  the  skin ;  pains  in  the  bones,  nodes, 
&c. :  the  last  are  sometimes  termed  tertiary  phe- 
nomena. The  origin  of  syphilis  is  not  known. 
It  is  believed  to  have  been  introduced  into 
Europe  from  America,  at  the  end  of  the  15th 
century  [?].  Its  progress  is  extremely  variable, 
as  well  as  its  duration,  which  is  often  unlimited, 
if  left  to  itself.  Mercury  may  be  esteemed  the 
best  remedy,  but  the  disease  admits  of  cure  with- 
out it.  Almost  every  antisyphilitic  composition, 
whose  use  is  attended  with  success,  probably  con- 
tains mercury  united  with  diaphoretics  or  other 
medicines.  It  is  generally  sufficient  to  keep  the 
mouth  sore  for  a  fortnight  for  the  cure  of  chancre : 
for  venereal  sore  throat,  and  other  recent  consti- 
tutional symptoms,  eight  or  ten  weeks  will  be 
required  ;  and,  of  course,  a  longer  time,  if  these 
symptoms  have  persisted  longer.  Sometimes, 
after  mercury  has  been  given  for  a  time,  the 
symptoms  continue  stationary;  and  do  not  yield 
until  the  mercury  has  been   discontinued,  and 


STPHILISATIOX 


892 


SYEUP 


tonics  and  eutrophics   have   been  administered. 
The  preparations  of  iodine  have  been  much  used, 
of  late,  in  the  revellent  treatment  of  this  disease. 
Syphilis  Indica,  Framboesia. 
Syphilis  Pseudo-Syphilis,  Lues  Syphilo'des, 
Pseudo-si;yhilis.    A  term  given  to  ulcers  or  other 
affections  that  resemble   syphilis,  but  are  inde- 
terminate   in    their    character,  —  the    symptoms 
being  irregular  in  their  appearance,  and  usually 
yielding  spontaneously,  or  under  the  use  of  tonics, 
change  of  air,  <fcc.     The  condition  has  not  been 
at  all  well  defined.     The  Sivvens,  Eadesyge,  <fcc., 
have  been  referred  to  this  head. 
SYPHILISATION,  Syphilization. 
SYPHILISMU3,  Syphilis. 
SYPHILIT'IC,     Syphilit'icus,    (P.)    SuphiUt- 
ique,  Verolique,  VeroU.    Belonging,  or  relating  to 
syphilis — as  'a  syphilitio  ulcer.' 

SYPHILIZA'TION,  SypMlisa'tio,  (F.)  Syphi- 
liwdion.  Saturation  of  the  system  \>y  inoculation 
with  the  matter  of  syphilis.  It  has  been  used  as 
a  curative  procedure  in  syphilis,  as  well  as  a  pre- 
ventive of  that  disease;  and  for  the  cure  of  other 
cachexiae,  as  cancer. 

SYPHILODBRM'A,  from  syphilis,  and  Bep^ta, 
'skin.'  A  cutaneous  eruption  of  a  syphilitic 
character.  —  E.  Wilson. 

SYPHILOG'RAPHER,  from  eyiMlis,  and 
Ypaipia,  '  I  describe.'     A  writer  on  syphilis. 

SYPH'ILOID,  Si/philoVdes;  from  syphilis, 
andciiog,  'resemblance.'  Resembling  syphilis, — 
as  '  a  syphiloid  affection.' 

SYP'hILOMA'NIA,  Syphilidoma'nia,  —  vn\- 
garly,  Noddle  Pox.  A  mania,  with  which  some 
persons  are  affected,  so  that  they  subject  them- 
selves to  antivenereal  treatment,  under  the  erro- 
neous impression  that  they  are  affected  with 
syphilis. 

SYPHITA,  Somnambulism. 
SYPHOAURICULARIS,  Otenchytes. 
SYPHON,  see  Siphon. 

SYRIGMOPHO'NIA,  from  civpiy,xog,  'piping,' 
and  (piiivn,  'voice.'     A  piping  state  of  the  voice. 
SYRIGMUS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
SYRINGxi,  Eustachian  Tube,  Fistula,  Syringe, 
Trachea  —  s.  Clysmatica,  Syringe,  (Clyster.) 

Syrim'ga  Vulga'ris,  Lilac  vulc/a'ris.  Common 
Lilac.  Ord.  Oleaceae.  The  leaves  and  fruit  are 
bitter  and  somewhat  acrid,  and  have  been  used 
as  tonics  and  antiperiodics. 

SYRINGE,  Syr'inx,  Syrin'ga,  Sipho  Siphun'- 
cultis.  Squirt,  (F. )  Seringue,  from  avpiy^,  avpiyyog, 
'a  pipe.'  A  familiar  apparatus  through  which 
an)'  liquor  is  injected. 

Various  forms  of  syringe  are  used  in  medicine 
and  surgery. 

Syringe,  Clyster,  Syrin'ga  clysmat'ica,  Clys- 
antU'um,  (F.)  Clysop)ompe.  A  syringe  for  ad- 
ministering clysters. 

Syringe,  Cupping,  Antlia  sanguisuga. 
SYRINGES  AERIFERI,  see  Bronchia. 
SYRINGICUS,  Fistulous. 
SYRINGI'TIS    EUSTA'CHII,    Inflammation 
of  the  Eustachian  tube. 

SYRINGMOS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
SYRINGODES,  Fistulous. 

SYRINGOTOME,  Syringot'omns,  Syringot'- 
omutn,  from  avpiy^,  avpiyyog,  'a  pipe,'  'a  fistula,' 
and  rsuvitv,  'to  cut.'  A  surgical  instrument,  for- 
merly used  in  the  operation  ior  fistula  in  ano.  It 
is  a  bistouri,  concave  at  its  edge,  and  terminated 
by  a  long,  flexible,  probe-pointed  stylet.  This 
stylet  or  probe  was  first  introduced  by  the  ex- 
ternal opening  of  the  fistula  into  the  rectum, 
whence  it  was  drawn  externally  through  the 
anus,  carrying  with  it  the  cutting  edge  of  the 
instrument,  which  divided  the  intermediate 
parts. 


SYRINGOT'OMY,  Syringotom'ia.  Same  ety- 
mon as  the  last.  The  operation  for  fistula  in  ano 
by  incision. 

SYRINX,  Eustachian  tube,  Fistula,  Syringe, 
Trachea  —  s.  Hiera,  Vertebral  column. 

SYRMAIS'MOS,  from  ovpnailui,  '  I  evacuate.' 
A  gentle  evacuation  by  vomiting  or  stool. 

SYROr,  Syrup  — s.  d'Ail,  Syrupus  allii  —  s. 
d'Armoise  conqwse,  Syrupus  aromaticus  —  s.  de 
Ghicoree  compose,  Syrupus  de  cichorio  eomposi- 
tus — s.  des  Cinq  racines,  Syrupus  e  quinque  ra- 
dicibus — s.  de  Coquelicot,  Syrupus  rhoeados — s.de 
Cuisinier,  Syrupus  de  sarsaparilla  et  senna  com- 
positus — s.  d'Ether,  Syrupus  cum  aethere  sulphu- 
rico  paratus — s.  de  Gingemhre,  S3'rupus  zingibe- 
ris  —  s.  de  Guimauve,  Sj'rupus  althffiEe  —  «.  de 
Longne  vie,  Mellitum  de  mercuriali  compositum — 
s.  de  3Iercure,  Syrupus  de  mereurio  median te  gum- 
mi — s.  de  31ou  de  veau,  see  Syrupus  zingiberis — s. 
de  31iires,  Syrupus  mori — s.  de  Nerpriin,  Syrupus 
rhamni  —  ».  de  Pavots  blancs,  Syrupus  papaveris 
— «.  de  Pommes  compose,  see  Syrupus  sennse  —  s. 
de  Quinquina  avec  le  Vin,  Syrupus  de  kina  kin^ 
cum  vino  — s.  de  Poses  pales,  Syrupus  rosee  —  s. 
de  Poses  rouges,  Syrupus  rosse  —  s.  de  Vinaigre, 
S.  aceti. 

SYRUP,  Sirup,  Syr'upus,  Serapi'um,  Serape'- 
urn,  (F.)  Syrop,  Sirop,  Saccharole  liquide,Sacchar- 
hydrole;  derived,  according  to  some,  from  avpio,  '  I 
draw,'  and  oiros,  'juice;'  but  more  probably,  from 
the  Arabic  Sirtiph,  Sirab,  or  Scharab,  which  sig- 
nifies '  a  potion.'  A  saturated  solution  of  sugar 
in  water,  either  simply,  or  united  with  some 
vegetable  or  other  principle.  Syrups,  in  general, 
require  two  pounds  of  sugar  to  the  pint,  and  they 
are  judged  to  be  sufficiently  boiled  when  a  por- 
tion, taken  up  in  a  spoon,  flows  like  oil.  In  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  it  is  directed, 
that  syrups,  whose  density  is  not  precisely  deter- 
mined by  the  process,  should  have  the  s.  g.  1'261 
when  boiling,  and  about  1-319  at  ordinary  tem- 
peratures. Syrups  should  be  kept  in  small  bot- 
tles in  a  cool  place.  They  are  chiefly  used  to 
render  medicines  palatable.  See  Syrupus  sim- 
plex. 

Syeup  of  Almonds,  Syrupus  amygdalae . 
Syrup,    Antiscorbutic,    Syrupus   antiscorbu- 
ticus  —  s.  Balsamic,  Syrupus  tolutanus. 

Syrup  of  Buckthorn,  Syrupus  rhamni — s.  of 
Calf's  lungs,  see  Syrupus  zingiberis — s.  of  Capil- 
laire,  common,  Syrupus  simplex — s.  of  Cinchona 
with  wine,  Syrupus  de  kina  kin^  cum  vino  —  s. 
of  Cinehonia,  Syrupus  cinchoniae  —  s.  of  Citric 
acid,  Syrupus  acidi  citrici  —  s.  of  Clove  July 
flower,  Syrupus  earyophylli  rubri  —  s.  of  Clove 
pinks,  Syrupus  Caryophylli  rubri  —  s.  of  Cochi- 
neal, Syrupus  cocci  —  s.  of  Emetine,  Syrupus 
emetina3  —  s.  of  Ether,  Syrupus  cum  sethere  sul- 
phurico  paratus  —  s.  of  Five  roots,  Syrupus  e 
quinque  radicibus — s.  of  Garlic,  Syrupus  allii — s. 
of  Ginger,  Syrupus  zingiberis — s.  of  Gum  Arabic, 
Sj'rupus  acaciffi. 

Syrup,  Hive,  Syrupus  scillee  compositus. 
Syrup  of  Honey,  Mellitum  simplex  —  s.  of 
Iodide  of  iron,  Liquor  Ferri  iodidi  —  s.  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha, Syrupus  ipecacuanhas  —  s.  of  Jalap, 
Syrupus  jalapae  —  s.  of  Lemon,  Syrupus  limo- 
nis  —  s.  of  Marshmallow,  Syrupus  althaBse  — 
s.  of  Meadow  safi'ron,  Syrupus  colchici  au- 
tumnalis  —  s.  of  acetate  of  Morphia,  Syrupus 
morphijB  acetatis — s.  of  muriate  of  Morphia,  Sy- 
rupus morphice  muriatis  —  s.  of  Mugwort,  com- 
pound, Sj'rupus  aromaticus  —  s.  of  Mulberries, 
Syrupus  mori  —  s.  of  Orange  juice,  see  Syrupus 
aurantii — s.  of  Orange  peel,  Syrupus  aurantii — 3. 
of  Orgeat,  Syrupus  amygdalse — s.  of  Poppies,  Sy- 
rupus papaveris — s.  of  Poppy,  red,  Syrupus  rhoe- 
ados—  s.  of  Quinia,  Syrupus  quinia3 — s.  of  Pihii- 


SYRUPUS 


893 


SYRUPUS 


tany,  Syrupus  kramerise — s.  of  Rhubarb,  Syrupus 
rhei — s.  of  Rhubarb,  aromatic,  Syrupus  rhei  aro- 
maticus  —  s.  of  Rhubarb,  spiced,  Syrupus  rhei 
aromaticus  —  s.  of  Roses,  Syrupus  rosse  —  s.  of 
Roses,  red,  Syrupus  rosae  gallicee— s.  of  Saffron, 
Syrupus  croci — s.  of  Sarsaparilla,  Syrupus  sarsa- 
parilias — s.  of  Sarsaparilla  and  senna,  compound, 
Syrupus  de  sarsaparilla  et  senna  compositus  —  s. 
of  Sarsaparilla,  compound,  see  Syrupus  de  sar- 
saparilla et  senna  compositus — s.  of  Sarsaparilla, 
Indian,  Syrupus  hemidesmi  —  s.  of  Scammony, 
Syrupus  de  scammoniee  —  s.  of  Seneka,  Sy- 
rupus senegse  —  s.  of  Senna,  Syrupus  sennse  —  s. 
Simple,  Syrupus  simplex  —  s.  of  Squill,  Syrupus 
scillse  —  s.  of  Squill,  compound,  Syrupus  scilliie 
compositus  —  s.  of  Succory,  compound,  Syrupus 
de  eichorio  compositus — s.  of  Tolu,  Syrupus  tolu- 
tanus — s.  of  Vinegar,  Syrupus  aeeti  —  s.  of  Vio- 
lets, Syrupus  violae — s.  of  Wild  cherry  bark,  Sy- 
rupus Pruni  Virginianae. 
SYRUPUS,  S.  simplex. 

Syrupus  Aca'ci^,  Syrup  of  Gum  Arabic,  (Aca- 
ciw  .^ij.  Sacchar.  ^xv,  Aq.  f^viij.  Dissolve  the 
gum  in  the  water  ;  add  the  sugar,  and  strain. 
Ph.  U.  S.)   A  good  pectoral  syrup.     Dose,  f  Jj  to 

Syrupus  Ace'ti,  S.  Ac"idi  Aceto'si,  Syrup  of 
Vinegar,  (F.)  Syrop  de  Vinaigre.  (Aceti  Oiiss, 
sacch.  purif.  Ibiiiss.  Boil  to  form  a  syrup.  Ph. 
E.)  It  is  refrigerant  and  antiseptic.  Dose,  f  ^j 
to  f^ij. 

Syrupus  Acidi  Acetosi,  S.  aceti. 
Syrupus  Ac"idi  Cit'rici,  Syrup  of  Citrio  Acid. 
(Acid.  C77nc.  pulv.  5'j ;  01.  Limon.  V!\Ji\- ;  Syrup. 
Oij.  Rub  the  acid  and  oil  with  an  ounce  of  the 
syrup  ;  add  the  rest  of  the  syrup,  and  dissolve 
with  a  gentle  h'eat.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Virtues  the  same 
as  those  of  the  Syrupus  Limonis. 

Syrupus  cum  JjI'there  Sulphu'rico  Para- 
TUS,  Syrup  of  Ether,  (F.)  Syrup  d'ether.  (Very 
pure  sugar,  1000  p. ;  distilled  loater,  500  p.  ;  dis- 
solve in  the  cold,  and  strain  ;  add  sulphuric  ether, 
48  p.  Shake  for  five  or  six  days,  and  draw  oiF 
the  limpid  syrup.  Ph.  L.)  Properties  like  those 
of  ether. 

Syrupus  Al'lii,  Syrtip  of  Garlic,  (F.)  Syrop 
d'ail.  {Aim  recent,  concis.  ,^vj,  acet.  destillat. 
Oj,  saccliar,  ftij.  Macerate  the  garlic  in  the  vi- 
negar, in  a  glass  vessel,  for  four  days  ;  then  ex- 
press the  liquor  and  set  it  by,  that  the  dregs  may 
subside  ;  lastly,  add  the  sugar  to  the  clear  liquor, 
and  proceed  in  the  manner  directed  for  syrup. 
Ph.  II.  S.)  Use,  same  as  that  of  garlic.  Dose, 
f 3J  to  f.^iv. 

Syrupus  Alth^'^,  S.  ex  Altha'd  seu  de  Al- 
thcBO,  seu  AlthcBCB  offieina'lis,  Syrup  of  Ifarsh- 
malloio,  (F.)  Syrop  de  Guimauve.  {Althcece  rad. 
recent,  cont.  tbss,  sacch.  pur.  Ibij,  aqna  Oiv.  Boil 
the  root  in  the  water  to  one-half,  and  press  out 
the  liquor;  when  cold,  defecate;  add  the  sugar, 
and  boil.  Ph.  L.)  Emollient  and  demulcent. 
Dose,  f  5J  to  f^^iij. 

Syrupus  Amomi  Zingiberis,  S.  zingiberis. 

Syrupus  Amyg'dal^,  Syrup  of  Almonds,  S. 
of  Orgeat,  Orgeat.  (Amygdal.  dulc.  ibj,  amygdal. 
amar.  ^iv,  aqum,  Oiij,  sacchar.  Ibvj.  Blanch  the 
almonds,  and  rub  them  in  a  mortar  to  a  very  fine 
paste,  adding,  during  the  trituration,  three  fluid- 
ounces  of  the  water,  and  a  pound  of  the  sugar. 
Mix  the  paste  thoroughly  with  the  remainder  of 
the  water ;  strain  with  strong  expression  :  add 
the  remainder  of  the  sugar  to  the  strained  liquor, 
and  dissolve  it  with  the  aid  of  a  gentle  heat. 
Strain  the  syrup  through  fine  linen,  and  having 
allowed  it  to  cool,  put  it  into  bottles,  which  must 
be  well  stopped,  and  kept  in  a  cool  place.  Ph. 
U.S.) 

Syrupus  Anticausoticus,  see  Anticausodic. 

Syrupus  Antiscorbu'ticus,  S.  de  Armora'cid 


compositus,  Antiscorhu'tic  Syrnp.  (Leaves  of 
cochlearia,  huckbean,  water-cresses,  horse-radish 
root  and  bitter  oranges,  each  Ibj,  cinnamon,  ^iss. 
Cut,  and  pour  on  white  wine  Ibiv.  Macerate  for 
two  days ;  distil  over  Oj  in  a  sand-bath ;  pdd 
to  this  sugar,  tbij,  and  form  a  syrup.  Again, 
take  what  remains  in  the  cucurbit :  jiass  it 
through  cloth  ;  let  it  rest;  decant,  and  add  sugar 
Ibij  ;  make  into  a  syrup,  and  clarify  with  white 
of  egg.  Mix  it  with  the  first  while  yet  warm. 
Ph.  P.)  Antiscorbutic,  alterative,  tonic,  stoma- 
chic, &c.     Dose,  f^ij  to  f^ij. 

Syrupus  Aromat'icus,  S.  de  Artemis'id  com- 
positus, Comjjound  Syrup  of  Mugivort,  (F.)  Syrop 
d'armoise  compose.  (Tops  of  artemisia  vulgaris, 
in  flower,  ^vj,  inula  root,  ligusticum  levisticum, 
SiTid  fennel,  each,  §ss,  pennyroyal,  catmint,  savine 
leaves,  each  3vi,  marjoram,  hyssop,  pyrethrum, 
rue,  basil,  each  ^iij,  aniseed  and  cinnamon,  each 
^ix  :  bruise  and  macerate  in  hydromel  Ibxviij ; 
distil  over  Oss  ;  add  to  this  a  pound  of  sugar. 
Again,  take  the  liquid  that  remains  in  the  cucur- 
bit, strain  it  gently;  and  add  sugar  Sjiv.  Then 
mix  the  two.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  emmenagogue, 
&c. 

Syrupus  de  Armoracia  Compositus,  S.  anti- 
soorbuticus — s.  de  Artemisia  compositus,  S.  anti- 
scorbuticus — s.  Asparagi,  see  Asparagus. 

Syrupus  Auran'tii,  S.  Aurantio' rum  sen  Citri 
Aurantii  seu  Cor'ticis  Anrantii  seu  Auranlii  Cor- 
ticis  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  e  Cortic"ibus  Aurantio'rum 
seu  de  Cortice  Aurantio'rum,  Syrup  of  Orange 
peel.  (Aurant.  cort.  cont.  §ij,  aq.  ferv.  Oj,  sacch. 
Ibijss.  Macerate  the  peel  in  the  water  for  twelve 
hours.  Add  the  sugar.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stomachic. 
Dose,  f  3j  to  f^ij. 

A  Syrup  of  Orange  Juice,  Orange  Sherbet,  Sy- 
rupus e  succo  Aurantiorum,  may  be  made  by  add- 
ing white  sugar  Ibij  to  R)j  of  the  juice  of  oranges, 
strained  and  clarified. 

Syrupus  Balsamicus,  S.  tolutanus. 
Syrupus  Caryophyl'li  Rubri,  S.  lufusio'nis 
florum  caryophyllo'rum,  S.  Itianthi  Caryophylli, 
Syrup  of  Clove  July  flower  or  of  Clove  Pinks. 
(Petalorum  dianth.,  caryoph.  recent.,  unguibus 
resectis,  Ibj,  aqua  bull.  Oiv,  sacch.  purif.  Ibvij. 
Ph.  E.)     Aromatic. 

Syrupus  Cassia  SenNjE,  S.  sennaj. 
Syrupus  be  Cicho'rio  Compos'itus,  S.  de 
Rheo,  Compound  Syrup  of  Succory,  (F^  Syrop  de 
chicoree  compose.  (Root  of  succory  ^vj,  leaves 
of  succory  5ix,  leaves  of  fumitory  and  scolopen- 
drium,  each  ,^iij,  Alkekengi  berries  §ij.  Boil  in 
water  Oxiv  to  Oxij  :  pass  through  cloth,  and  dis- 
solve in  ivhite  sugar  ftv.  Boil  till  it  has  the  con- 
sistence of  syrup.  Again,  take  water  Oviij,  rhu- 
barb Svj,  yellow  Sanders  and  cinnamon,  each  ^^ss. 
Infuse  for  twenty-four  hours;  pass  through  linen, 
and  add  the  preceding  syrup.  Ph.  P.)  It  is 
laxative  and  stomachic.     Dose,  f  3.)  to  fgss. 

Syrupus  CiNCHONiE  cum  Vino,  S.  de  kina  kinS, 
cum  vino. 

Syrupus  Cixcho'ni^,  Syrup  of  Cincho'nia. 
(Simple  syrup  one  pound  ;  sulphate  of  cinchonia 
nine  grains.  Mix.)  Six  spoonfuls  are  commonly 
sufficient  to  arrest  an  intermittent. 
Syrupus  Citri  Aurantii,  S.  aurantii. 
Syrupus  Cocci,  Syrup  of  Cochineal.  (Cocc. 
cont.  Qiv,  Aq.  destillat.  bnllient.  Oj  (Imp.  meas.), 
sacchar.  tbiij,  vel  q.  s.  ;iS}j.  rectificat.  f^^iiss,  vel 
q.  s.  Ph.  L.)     Chiefly  used  as  a  coloring  agent. 

Syrupus  Col'chici  Autum^a'lis,  S.  Colchici, 
Syruj)  of  Meadoiv  Saffron.  (Rad.  colch.  autumn, 
recent.  5J,  acidi  acetosi,  f^xvi,  sacch.  pur.  ^^xxvj. 
Macerate  the  root  in  the  vinegar  for  two  days, 
occasionally  shaking  the  vessel;  then  strain  with 
gentle  expression.  To  the  strained  fluid  add  the 
sugar,  and  boil  to  a  syrup.  _PA.  E.)  Diuretic, 
antiarthritic.     Dose,  f.^j  to  f5ss,  or  more. 


STRUPUS   CROCI 


894 


SYRUPUS   RHEI 


Strupus  Cokticis  Auranth,  S.  aurantii  —  s. 
Citri  medicae,  S.  limonum  —  s.  e  Succo  citronum, 
S.  limonum. 

Syrupi'S  Croci,  Syrup  of  Saffron.  (Croci 
etigmat.  ^j,  aqxias  fervent.  Oj,  saccJi.  piirif.  Ibiiss. 
Ph.  L.)     Cardiac.     Chiefly  used  for  colouring. 

Syrctpus  Diacodion,  Diacodium  —  s.  Dianthi 
Caryophylli,  S.  caryophylli  rubri. 

Syrupus  EiiETi'NiE,  Syrup  of  Em'etine.  [Sim- 
ple syrup  Ibj,  emetine  16  gr.)  In  small  doses,  ex- 
pectorant; and  in  large,  emetic. 

Syrdpds  Empyreumaticus,  Melasses — s.  Ferri 
iodidi,  Liquor  Ferri  iodidi. 

Syrupus  ^F.yim'n^.'m,  Syrup  of  In'dian  Sarsa- 
parill'a.  (Hemideam.  cont.  ^iv  (avoirdup.),  Aq. 
destillat.  hidlient.  Oj  (Imp.  meas.),  sacchar.  q.  s. 
Ph.  D.)     A  weak  preparation  of  hemidesmus. 

Syrupus  Hydrargyri,  Syrupus  de  mercuric 
mediante  gummi — s.  Infusionis  florum  caryophyl- 
lorum,  Syrupus  caryophylli  rubri. 

Syrupus  Ipecacuan'HjE,  Syrup  of  Ipecacuan- 
ha. {Ipecac,  in  pulv.  crass.  §j,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oj, 
sacchar.  Ibiiss,  aquce  q.  s.  Macerate  the  ipecacu- 
anha in  the  alcohol  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Eva- 
porate the  filtered  liquor  to  6  fluidounces,  again 
filter,  and  add  suflicient  water  to  make  the  liquid 
measure  a  pint;  add  the  sugar,  and  evaporate  by 
a  water-bath  to  a  proper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 

Syrupus  de  Jalap'a,  Syrup  of  Jalap.  (Pulv. 
Jalapa^x,  sem.  coriandr.,  foi>nicul.  dulc.  aa  ^ss  ; 
aqum  f^xijss,  sncch.  ^xxv.  Ph.  P.)  Cathartic. 
Dose,  f ^ij  to  f,^ss  for  children. 

Syrupus  de  Kina  Kina  cum  Vino,  S.  Cincho'- 
nm  cum  vino,  Syrup  of  Cinchona  with  wine,  (F.) 
Syrop  de  quinquina  avec  levin.  [Cort.  cinchoncB 
officinalis  ^ij,  ext.  cinchoncB  ^vj,  vini  alhi  {Yin. 
Lunel.  seu  cujusvis  ei  similis,)  Oj,  alcohol  (s.  g. 
•985  to  '915. )  f^j,  sacchar.  alb.  ftiss.  Bruise 
the  cinchona;  gradually  add  the  alcohol,  so  as 
to  form  a  soft  mass  ;  pour  on  the  wine  ;  macerate 
for  two  days,  and  strain.  Dissolve  the  extract, 
add  the  sugar,  and  make  a  syrup.  'Ph.  P.)  Dose, 
f  ^ss  to  f  ,^j. 

Syrupus  Krame'ri^,  Syrup  of  Rhat'any.  {Ext. 
Kramer,  ^ij,  aqucB  Oj,  sacchar.  Ibijss.  Dissolve 
the  extract  in  the  water,  and  filter;  then  add  the 
sugar,  and  form  into  syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.  It  may 
also  be  made  by  displacement  from  kramer.  in 
pulv.  crass,  ibj,  sacchar.  Ibiiss ;  aq.  q.  s.)  An 
adjunct  to  astringent  mixtures;  or  given  in  diar- 
rhoea, a  teaspoonful  to  a  child. 

Syrupus  Lihonis,  S.  Limonum — s.  Succi  limo- 
nis,  S.  limonum. 

Syrupus  Limo'num,  S.  limonis  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu 
citri  med'iccB  seu  e  succo  citro'num  seu  e  succo 
limo'num  seu  succi  limo'nie,  Syrup  of  Lemon.  Le- 
mon Syrup.  (Limon.  succ.  colat.  Oj,  sacchar.  B>ij.) 
Cooling,  antiseptic. 

Syrupus  e  Meconio,  S.  papaveris — s.  de  Melle, 
Mellitum  simplex. 

Syrupus  de  Mercu'rio  Median'te  Gummi,  S. 
Hydrar'gyri,  3Iercu' rius  gtimmo'sus Plenck'ii,  (F.) 
Syrop  de  mercure,  3lercure  gommeux  de  Plenck. 
(Hydrargyri pur.  ^j,  p.  gum.  acacicB,  ^^Ui  syrup 
diaeod.  ^ss.  Rub  together  till  the  mercury  is 
extinguished.  Ph.  P.)  Possesses  the  properties 
of  blue  pill.     Dose,  gr.  ij  to  viij,  or  more. 

Syrupus  Mori,  S.  e  succo  moro'rum  seu  succi 
mori,  Syrup  of  Blid'herries,  (F.)  Syrop  de  mures. 
{Mori  succ.  colat.  Oj,  sacchar.  purif.  Rij.  Ph.  L.) 
Gratefully  refrigerant. 

Syrupus  e  Succo  Mororum,  S.  mori. 

Syrupus  Morph'i^  Aceta'tis,  Syrup  of  ace- 
tate of  morphia.  {Liq.  morphia  acet.  f  Sj,  syrup 
f^xv.  Ph.  D.)     Dose,  f^ss  to  f^j,  as  an  opiate. 

Syrupus  MoRPH'iiE  Muria'tis,  Syrup  of  mu'- 
riate  of  morphia.      {Liq.  morph.   muriat.   f^j; 


syrup  fjxvij.  M.  Ph.  D.)  Dose,  f  gss  to  f  §j,  as 
an  opiate. 

Syrupus  Morphia  Sulpha'tis  may  be  made 
in  the  same  way. 

Syrupus  Niger,  Melasses. 

Syrupus  Papav'eris,  S.  papaveris  somniferi 
seu  papaveris  albi  seu  emeco'nio  seu  de  meconio, 
Diaco'dium,  Syrup  of  poppies,  (F.)  Syrop  de  pa- 
vots  hlancs  ou  Diacode.  (Pajjav.  capstd.  exsiccat. 
et  contus.  exemptis  seminibus,  §xiv,  sacch.  pivr. 
tbij,  aq.  fervent,  cong.  ijss.  Macerate  the  cap- 
sules in  water  for  12  hours ;  boil  to  a  gallon,  and 
express  strongly.  Boil  the  liquor  to  Oij  ;  and 
strain  while  hot.  Defecate  by  rest,  and  boil  to 
Oj,  adding  the  sugar  so  as  to  form  a  syrup.  Ph. 
L.)  One  ounce  contains  about  one  grain  of  opium. 
Anodyne  and  demulcent. 

The  Dublin  college  has  a  Syrupus  Opii,  called 
Common  Syrup  of  Popj:)ies,  v^hich  is  made  by  dis- 
solving 18  grains  of  the  Watery  Extract  of  Opium 
in  18  ounces  of  boiling  water.  Properties,  those 
of  opium  and  syrup. 

Syrupus  de  Papa  verb  Erratico,  S.  rhceados 
—  s.  de  Pomis  compositus,  see  S.  sennae. 

Syrupus  Protege,  see  Protea  mellifera. 

Syrupus  Pruni  Virginia's^,  Syrup  of  Wild 
cherry  bark.  (Pruni  Virginian,  in  pulv.  crass, 
^v,  sacchar.  Ibij,  AqucB,  q.  s.  Moisten  the  bark 
with  water;  let  it  stand  for  24  hours;  transfer  it 
to  a  percolator;  pour  water  gradually  upon  it, 
until  a  pint  of  filtered  liquor  has  passed.  Add 
the  sugar  in  a  bottle,  and  dissolve  by  agitation. 
Ph.  U.  S.,  1851.)  Dose,  as  a  demulcent  expec- 
torant, f  !5J  to  f.^iij. 

Syrupus  e  Pulmonibus  Vitulinis,  see  Syrupus 
Zingiberis. 

Syrupus  Qui'ni^,  Syrup  of  Quinia.  (Simple 
syrup,  2  pints,  sulphate  of  quinia,  64  grains.)  Six 
spoonfuls  are  commonly  suflBeientto  arrest  an  in- 
termittent. 

Syrupus  e  Quinque  Radi'cibus,  Symp  of  five 
roots,  (F.)  Syrop  des  cinq  racines.  (Pad.  apii, 
foeniculi,  apii  pietroselini,  aa  ,^v.  Infuse  for  24 
hours  in  boiling  water  Oiiss,  and  strain.  Pad. 
asparag.,  rusci  aculeati,  aa  "^y,  aqua,  Ovij.  Boil 
and  reduce  to  half;  adding,  towards  the  end,  the 
residue  of  the  preceding  infusion.  Boil  again  for 
some  minutes  ;  strain,  and  add  white  sugar,  Ibvj. 
Ph.  P.)  Aperient  and  diuretic.  Used  in  obstruc- 
tions of  the  liver,  spleen,  and  mesentery;  and  in 
dropsy,  &c.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f^j,  or  more. 

Syrupus  Rhamni,  S.  Rhamni  cathar'tici  seu  de 
Spina  cervi'nd  seu  spincB  cervi'ncB,  Syrup  of  Puck- 
thorn,  (F.)  Syrop  de  nerprun.  (Rhamn.  haccar. 
succ.  recent.  Oiv,  zingib.  rad.  concis.,  pimentcB 
bacc.  contrit.,  aa  §ss,  sacch.  purif.  Ibiiiss.  Defe- 
cate the  juice  for  3  days,  and  strain.  To  a  pint 
of  this,  add  the  ginger  and  pimento  ;  macerate  for 
4  hours,  and  strain  ;  boil  what  remains  to  Oiss. 
Mix  the  liquors  and  add  sugar,  so  as  to  form  a 
syrup.  Ph.  L.)  Cathartic,  but  apt  to  gripe.  Dose, 
f  3iv  to  f  ,^ij. 

Syrupus  Rhei,  Syrup  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei,  in 
pulv.  crass.,  ,^ij;  Alcohol,  Oss;  Aqum,  Oiss;  sac- 
char. ibij.  Mix  the  alcohol  and  water;  pour  f§iv 
on  the  rhubarb,  mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  sand, 
and  allow  the  whole  to  stand  four  hours;  put  the 
mass  into  a  percolator,  and  gradually  pour  on  the 
alcohol  and  water.  By  means  of  a  water-bath, 
evaporate  to  f.^xiij  ;  add  the  sugar,  and  make  a 
syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose  to  a  child,  as  a  laxa- 
tive, one  or  two  teaspoonfuls. 

Syrupus  Rhei  Aromat'icus,  Aromatic  or 
Spiced  Syrup  of  Rhubarb.  {Rhei  eont.  ^iiss; 
Oaryophyl.  cont.,  Cinnam.  cont.  aa  ,^ss  ;  Myrist. 
cont.  5ij ;  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oij ;  Syrup  Ovj.  Ma- 
cerate the  rhubarb  and  aromatics  in  the  diluted 
alcohol  for  14  days,  and  strain  ;  then,  by  means 
of  a  water-bath,  evaporate  the  liquor  to  a  pint, 


SYRUPUS    DE   RHEO 


895 


SYRUPUS   ZINGIBERIS 


and  while  still  hot,  mix  with  the  syrup  previously 
heated.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  made  by  the 
process  of  displacement. 

The  aromatic  syrup  of  rhubarb  is  a  gentle  car- 
minative cathartic.  Dose  to  a  child,  f 3J ;  to  an 
adult,  f,^j 

Syrupus  de  Rheo,  Syrupus  de  Cichorio  com- 
positus. 

Syrupos  Rhce'aDOS,  jS".  de  pajtav'ere  errat'ico 
sen  pa paveris  erratici,  Syrup  of  Bed  Poppy,  (F.) 
Syrop  de  coqnelicot.  (Ehoead.  petal,  recent,  ftij, 
aq.  feri'ent.t^xvuj,  saceh.  purif.  Ibiiss.  To  the 
water,  heated  in  a  water-bath,  add  the  petals. 
Remove  the  vessel;  macerate  for  12  hours;  ex- 
press ;  defecate,  and  add  sugar  to  form  a  syrup. 
Ph.  L.)     Chiefly  used  to  give  colour. 

A  factitious  syrup  is  often  made  of  aloes,  dis- 
solved in  simple  syrup. 

Syrupus  Ros^,  S.  rosa'rum  soluii'vus  sen  e 
roeis  siccia  seu  roscB  centifo'lia  seu  rosa'ceus 
Boluti'vun,  Syru]}  of  Eoses,  (F.)  Syrop  de  roses 
pales.  (Rosa  centif.  petal,  exsicc.  §vij,  sacch. 
purif.  Ibvj,  aq.  fervent.  Oiv.  Macerate  the  petals 
for  12  hours.  Evaporate  the  strained  liquor  to 
Ibiiss.  Add  the  sugar.  Ph.  L.)  Gently  laxative. 
Dose,  f^ij  to  f5iss,  or  more. 

Syrupus  Ros^  Gal'lic^,  Syrup  of  Red  Rosea, 
(F.)  Syrnj)  de  roses  rouges.  {Rosa  Gallic,  petal. 
exsicc.  ,^vij,  aqua  hull.  Ov,  sacch.  purif.  Ibvj  ; 
prepared  like  the  last.  Ph.  E.)  Mildly  astrin- 
gent. Added  to  stomachic  infusions. 
Strupus  Sacchari,  S..  Simplex. 
Syrupus  Sarsaparil'l^,  .S".  Sarsa,  S.  Sarza, 
Syrup  of  Sarsaparilla.  (Rad.  Sarsap.  cont.  ftj, 
aqua  bullient.  cong.,  sacch.  purif.  Ibj.  Macerate 
the  root  for  24  hours ;  boil  to  Oiv.  Strain  while 
hot;  add  the  sugar,  and  boil.  Ph.  L.)  Used  in 
the  same  eases  as  the  root.  Dose,  f3j  to  i^iv, 
and  more. 

Syrupus  de  Sarsaparil'la  et  Senna  Com- 
POS'lTUS,  Compound  Syrup  of  Sarsaparilla  and 
Senna,  (P.)  Syrop  de  Cuisinier.  {Rad.  Sarsap. 
concis.  Ibij.  Infuse  for  24  hours  in  warm  water 
Oxij  ;  boil  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour;  pass  with 
expression,  and  boil  again  the  residuum  in  Ox  of 
water.  Reduce  this  to  Ovj,  and  repeat  the  ope- 
ration 2  or  3  times.  Mix  all  the  liquors  and  boil 
them  together  ytith  Jloioers  of  horoge,  white  roses, 
senna  leaves  and  aniseed,  each  ^^ij  ;  reduce  to  half; 
pass,  and  add  honey  Ibij.  Boil  to  a  syrup.  Ph.  P.) 
It  is  considered  to  be  alterant,  depurative,  and 
sudorific.     Dose,  f.^ss  to  f.^ij. 

A  similar  syrup,  under  the  name  Syrupus 
Sarsaparil'la  Compos'itus,  Compound  Syrup 
of  Sarsaparilla,  is  directed  in  the  Pharmacopceia 
of  the  United  States.  {Sarsaparill.  cont.  ftij  ; 
Lign.  guaiac.  rasur.  5iij  ;  Rosa  centifoL,  Senna, 
Glycyrrhiz.  cont.  aa  ^'J  >'  ^^-  Sassafras,  01.  Anisi. 
aa  tT\,v.  ;  01.  GauUheria  m.  iij  ;  Alcohol,  dilvt. 
Ox. ;  Sacchar.  ftviij.  Macerate  the  sarsaparilla, 
guaiacum  wood,  roses,  senna,  and  liquorice  root 
in  the  diluted  alcohol  for  14  days  ;  express  and 
filter.  Evaporate  the  tincture  in  a  warm  bath  to 
four  pints;  filter,  add  the  sugar,  and  form  into 
syrup.  Lastly,  having  rubbed  the  oils  with  a 
small  quantity  of  the  syrup,  mix  them  thoroughly 
with  the  remainder.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  may  also  be  made  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement. 

Syrupus  Sarsa,  S.  Sarsaparillas  —  s.  Sarzse, 
S.  Sarsaparillse. 

Syrupus  de  Scammo'nio,  Syrup  of  Scam'mony. 
(Pulv.  Scammon.  ,^ss,  sacch.  alb.  §iv,  alcohol, 
{s.  g.  -985  to  '915)  f§viij.  Heat  the  mixture 
moderately :  then  set  fire  to  the  alcohol  with  a 
lighted  taper;  agitate  constantly,  until  the  flame 
is  extinguished.  SuflFer  it  to  cool ;  pass  through 
cloth,  and  add  Syrup  of  Violets,  t^iv.     Ph.  P.) 


5J  contains  18  grains  of  scammony.     Dose,  f^j 
to  f  ^ss. 

Syrupus  Scilla,  S.  scillit'icus  seu  sc'lla  ma- 
rit'ima.  Syrup  of  Squills.  {Acet.  scilla.  Oj,  sacch. 
Ibij.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Diuretic,  expectorant,  and 
emetic.  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  oxymel. 
Syrupus  Scilla  Compos'itus,  Mel  Scilla 
Compositum,  Compound  Honey  of  Squill,  Cotn- 
pound  Syrup  of  Squill,  Hive  Syrup.  {Scilla 
cont.;  Senegte  cont.  aa  §iv;  Antim.  et  Pofassa 
Tart.  gr.  xlviij  ;  Aqua  Oiv;  Sacchar.  Ibiiiss. 
Pour  the  water  upon  the  squills  and  seneka,  and, 
having  boiled  to  one-half,  strain  and  add  the 
sugar.  Then  evaporate  to  three  pints,  and  while 
the  syrup  is  still  hot,  dissolve  in  it  the  tartrate 
of  antimony  and  potassa.  It  may  also  be  made 
by  the  process  of  displacement.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  often  given  as  an  emetic  in  cases  of  croup, 
and  in  catarrh,  especially  in  children.  Dose,  to 
infants,  10  drops  to  a  drachm,  repeated  every  15 
minutes,  if  vomiting  be  desirable. 

Syrupus  Sen'ega,  Syrup  of  Senel-a.  (Senega 
cont.  ^iv;  Aqua  Oj  ;  Sacchar.  ftj.  Boil  the  wa- 
ter with  the  seneka  to  one  half,  and  strain  ;  then 
add  the  sugar,  and  form  into  syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  may  also  be  formed  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement. 

This  is  a  favourite  stimulant  expectorant  [?] 
with  many  practitioners.     Dose,  f^j  or  fju- 

Syrupus  Senna,  S.  cassia  senna,  Syrup  of 
Senna.  (Senna  §ij,  sem.  fcenicul.  cont.  5J,  sacch. 
pur.  ,^sv,  aqua  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  the  senna 
leaves  and  fennel-seeds  with  a  gentle  heat  for  an 
hour.  Strain  :  add  the  sugar,  and  make  into  a 
syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic.  Dose,  fgij  to 
f^^iss,  or  more. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  a  Syrupus  de  Senna  of 
a  compound  character,  called  Syrupus  de  })omis 
compos'itus,  (F.)  Syrop  de  pommes  compose.  It 
contains,  also,  borage,  bugloss,  &c.  Dose,  f^ss 
to  fgij. 

Syrupus  Sijiplex,  Syrupus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  S. 
Sac'chari,  Sac'charum  elarifica'tum,  Liqua'rium, 
Simp>le  Syrup,  Syrup,  Common  syrup  of  capillaire. 
(Sacch.  jjurif.  ftiiss,  aqua  Oj.  Dissolve  the  sugar; 
set  aside  for  24  hours;  remove  the  scum,  and  pour 
off  the  clear  liquid.)  Used  to  cover  nauseous 
tastes,  &e. 

Syrupus  be  Spina  Cervina,  Syrupus  rhamni 
—  s.  de  Stoechade  communis,  see  Lavendula. 

Syrupus  Toi.tjta'nus,  aS".  Toluta'ni  seu  toluif- 
era  bal'sami  seu  balsam'icus.  Balsam' ie  syrup. 
Syrup  of  tolu.  (Tinct.  Tolut.  f^iss  ;  Aqua  Oj  ; 
Sacchar.  ftiiss.  Mix  the  tincture  with  the  sugar 
in  coarse  powder;  expose  it  on  a  shallow  dish  to 
a  gentle  heat,  until  the  alcohol  has  evaporated; 
pour  the  water  upon  it;  heat  gradually  until  tho 
sugar  is  dissolved,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Use — 
to  give  flavour. 

Syrupus  Vi'ola,  ;S'.  viola  odora'fa,  S.  viola'- 
rum,  S.  e  s^icco  viola'rum,  Syrup  of  Violets.  (Flor. 
recent,  viol,  odorat.  ftij.  aq.  bull.  Oviij,  sacch.  pur, 
ftxv.  Macerate,  in  a  covered  vessel,  for  24  hours : 
pass,  without  expression,  through  linen  ;  add  the 
sugar  so  as  to  form  a  syrup.  Ph,  E.)  "Very 
gently  laxative.  Dose,  f^j  to  f^'j- 
Syrupus  e  Succo  Violarum,  S.  violae. 
Syrupus  Zingib'eris,  S.  amo'mi  zingiheris, 
Syrup  of  Ginger,  (F.)  Syrop  de  gingemhre.  {  Tinct, 
Zingib.  f^iv;  Aqua  Oiv;  Sacchar.  ftx.  Mix  the 
tincture  with  four  pounds  of  the  sugar  in  coarse 
powder;  and  expose  it  in  a  shallow  dish  to  a 
gentle  heat  until  the  alcohol  has  evaporated. 
Add  the  rest  of  the  sugar,  and  then  the  water  in 
a  covered  vessel;  heat  gradually  until  the  sugar  is 
dissolved,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  To  the  strained 
liquor  add  the  sugar,  and  form  a  syrup. 

N.  B.  The  Parisian  Codex  containeri  a  few 
1  other   compound   syrups   besides   those   enume- 


STS 


896 


TABELL^ 


rated;  amongst  these  is  a  Si/riip  of  calf's  lungs, 
Syrupus  e  pulmon'ibus  vituli'nis,  (F.)  Syrop  de 
mou  de  veau,  as  an  espeetorant. 

These  syrups  are  made  according  to  the  usual 
rule,  and  possess  the  virtues  of  the  substances 
after  which  they  are  named. 

SYS,  Sym. 

STSPA'SIA,  from  avcirau),  (crvv,  and  a-aa,  '1 
draw,')  'I  contract.'  Clonic  spasm,  with  dimi- 
nished sensibility  and  inability  of  utterance.  A 
genus  in  Good's  Nosology,  which  includes  con- 
vulsion, epilepsy,  and  hysteria. 

Syspasia  Convulsio,  Convulsion  —  s.  Epilep- 
sia, Epilepsy — s.  Hysteria,  Hysteria. 

STSSARCO'SIS,  from  aw,  'with,'  and  cap^, 
caoKos,  'flesh.'  Commissu'ra  ossium  car'nea, 
Symph'ysis  ossium  muscula'ris,  Coiinex'io  ossium 
canio'sa,  Cxrna'iio,  Concarna'tio.  Union  of  bones 
by  means  of  muscles;  such  as  the  union  of  the 
OS  hyoides  with  the  lower  jaw,  of  the  scapula  with 
the  ribs,  &c. 

SYSTALCIS,  Systole. 

SYSTAL'TIC,  Systal'ticus,  Peristal' tic ;  from 
o-uoTtXAo),  {<!vv,  and  areXXu,)  'I  contract.'  A  sys- 
taltic motion  in  a  part  is  one  in  which  there  is 
alternate  contraction  and  dilatation.  See  Sys- 
tole. 

SYSTAT'ICA,  from  avviCTrjjii,  (auv,  and  tarrnxi, 
'I  place,')  'I  associate.'  Diseases  affecting  seve- 
ral or  all  of  the  sensorial  powers  simultaneously; 
irritation  or  inertness  of  mind,  extending  to  the 
muscles,  or  external  senses;  or  of  the  muscles, 
or  external  senses,  extending  to  the  mind;  — the 
4th  order,  class  Neurotica,  of  Good. 

SYSTEM,  Syste'ma,  from  cniv,  '  together,' and 
KTTTjiJLL,  'I  place.'  This  word,  taken  in  a  good 
sense,  means  the  collection  and  arrangement  of 
different  matters  having  an  analogy  to  each  other, 
or  working  towards  the  same  end.     In  natural  '] 


history,  it  means  a  methodical  arrangement  of 
objects  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  their  study. 
System  is,  however,  sometimes  used  in  an  unfa» 
vourable  sense  in  physical  science,  and  often 
means,  —  a  purely  gratuitous  supposition,  by 
which  the  march  of  nature  is  attempted  to  be 
universally  explained,  and  to  which  every  thing 
is  made  to  bend.  In  anatomy,  system  is  an  as- 
semblage of  organs,  composed  of  the  same  tissues, 
and  intended  for  similar  functions;  for  instance, 
the  nervous  system,  nuiseular  system,  &c. 

SYSTEMA,  System  — s.  Vasorum,  Vascular 
system. 

SYS'TEMATISM.  A  method,  according  to 
which  every  fact  of  a  science  is  collected  around 
an  opinion,  true  or  false.  One  who  reduces  things 
to  such  a  method  is  called  a  Sys'tematist. 

SYSTEMATIST,  see  Systematism. 

SYSTEMATOL'OGY,  Systematolog"ia,  from 
avarrj/ia,  'system,'  and  'Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  The 
doctrine  or  a  treatise  of  systems. 

SYSTEIIE  VASCULAIRi:  A  SANG  NOIR, 
see  Vascular  —  «.  Vasculaire  d  sang  rouge,  see 
Vascular. 

SYS'TEMIC.  Belonging  to  the  general  sys- 
tem—  as  'systemic  circulation'  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  the  'pulmonic' 

SYS'TOLE.  Same  etymon  as  Systaltic.  Sya- 
tal'sis,  Gonstrie'tio,  Contrac'tio  seu  Angusta'tio 
seu  Submissio  seu  Mica'tio  cordis.  The  move- 
ment of  constriction  or  contraction  of  the  heart, 
to  give  impulse  to  the  blood,  or  to  cause  its  pro- 
gression. It  is  opposed  to  the  Diastole  of  the 
organ. 

SYS'TOLIC,  Systol'icus,  (F.)  Systolique ;  same 
etymon.  Relating  to  the  systole  of  the  heart, — 
as  'systolic  murmur.' 

SYZYGIUM  NERVORUM,  Par  nervorum. 


T. 


T  Bandage,  T  fas'cia,  Fas'cia  T  formis  seu 
Heliodo'ri,  Cru'cial  Bandage.  A  bandage  shaped 
like  the  letter  T.  It  consists  of  a  strip  of  linen, 
of  variable  length  and  breadth,  the  middle  of 
which  is  attached,  at  right  angles,  to  the  extre- 
mity of  another  strip,  also  of  variable  length  and 
breadth.  When  two  such  strips  are  attached,  at 
a  distance  from  each  other,  the  bandage  is  called 
a  double  T.  This  bandage  is  used,  principally, 
for  supporting  the  dressings  after  the  operation 
for  fistula  in  ano,  in  diseases  of  the  perinseum, 
groin,  anus,  &c. 

T  Fascia,  T  Bandage. 

TAB  AC.  Nicotiana  tabacum — t.  des  Savoyards, 
Arnica  montana — t.  des  Ifontagnes,  Arnica  mon- 
tana  —  t.  des  Vosges,  Arnica  montana. 

TABACUM,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

TAB'ANUS,  called,  by  the  voyageurs.  Bulldog. 
A  troublesome  fly  in  the  Hudson's  Bay  territory, 
which  makes  a  perforation  like  a  leechbite,  from 
which  it  sucks  the  blood. 

TABARZET,  Saecharum  album. 

TAB'ASHEER,  Tabaschir,  Tabaxir.  A  sub- 
stance found  in  the  knots  of  the  bamboo,  in  the 
East  Indies,  as  a  consequence  of  a  morbid  condi- 
tion of  the  part.  It  is  distinguished  for  its  great 
proportion  of  silicic  acid,  in  combination  with  a 
small  quantity  of  mineral  and  vegetable  matters; 
as  well  as  for  its  slight  refractive  property.  It 
has  been  used  in  obstruction  of  the  bowels.     The 


sweet  juice  of  the  bamboo  stalks  has  also  been 
called  Tabasheer. 

TABEFACTION,  Emaciation. 

TABEFY,  Emaciate. 

TABEL'LA,  Tab'ula,  Tabula'tum,  Lozan'ga, 
Lozan'gia,  3[or'sulus,  Morsel'lus,  Lozenge,  Tea- 
sel'la,  (F.)  Tablette,  'a  small  table.'  A  solid 
i  medicine,  composed  of  a  powder,  sugar,  and  mu- 
!  cilage,  Electua'rium  sol'idum;  and  generally 
shaped  like  a  disk.  See  Pastil,  and  Troch.  The 
three  comprise  the  SaccJiaroles  solides. 

Tabella,  Table. 

TABELL^  ABSORBENTES,  T.  de  Mag- 
nesia. 

Tabella  Ac"idi  Oxal'ici,  T.  ad  sitem.  Lo- 
zenges of  Oxalic  Acid.  (Acid,  oxalic,  ^jj  sacch. 
alb.  ^ss,  ol.  limonis,  gtt.  xviij  seu  gtt.  xij.  Make 
into  lozenges  with  mucilage  of  gum  trogocanth. 
Ph.  P.)  Lozenges  are  made  in  the  same  way 
with  the  citric  and  tartaric  acids.  They  are  re- 
frigerant. 

TABELLiE  DE  Alth^'a,  Lozenges  of  Marsh- 
malloicj.  (Bad.  althcece  pulv.,  §iss,  sacchar.  alb. 
pulv.  ,^ivss;  f.  massa.  Ph.  P.)  Demulcent;  ex- 
pectorant. 

Tabella  Antimonia'les  Xuncke'lii,  T.  de 
stib'ii  sulphure'to.  Lozenges  of  Sulph'uret  of  Ant' i- 
mony,  Mor'sidi  antimonia'les  seu  stibii  seu  stibi- 
a'ti,  Trochis'ci  stibiati.  [Amygdal.  d'dc.  ^j, 
sacch.  ibss,  sem.   cardam.,   cinnam.   pulv.,  sulph. 


TABERNA   MEDICA 


897 


TABULA 


antim.  prcepar.,  aa  ^j ;  fiant  taliellse.  Ph.  P. 
Each  to  weigh  10  grains.)  Recommended  in 
cutaneous  diseases,  blennorrhagia,  arthritic  pains, 
&c.     Dose,  4  or  more. 

Tabellje  ad  Ardorem  Ventriculi,  Trochisci 
carbonatis  calcis  —  t.  Cardialgicas,  Trochisci  car- 
bonatis  calcis. 

TabelluE  de  Cat'echu  et  Magne'sia,  Lo- 
zoiffes  of  Catechu  and  Magnesia,  (F.)  Tahlettes  de 
eoehou  et  de  magnesie.  (P.  catech.  ^vj,  p-  magnes. 
^iv,  p.  cinnam.  ^uj,  sacch.  alh.  tbss,  g.  iragac. 
gr.  xij,  aq.  cinnam.  q.  s.  ut  f.  massa.  Ph.  P. 
Bach  to  weigh  12  gr.)  Antacid,  absorbent,  and 
stomachic.     Dose,  5  to  10  lozenges. 

Tabellje  Cincho'n^,  T.  de  kind  Icind,  Baric 
Lozenges.  [Ext.  einehon.  sice.  §ss,  sacch.  ^iv, 
cinnam.  ^ss,  mxicilag.  g,  trag.  q.  s.  ut  f.  massa. 
Ph.  P.)  '  Tonic. 

Tabell^  de  Citro  et  Diacarthamo,  T.  de 
Scammonio  et  SennS,. 

Tabell^  de  FerrO,  Steel  lozenges,  TahulcB 
martia'les  seu  instauran'tes  seu  antichlorot'iccB. 
{Ferri  limat.  porphyriz.  ^SS,  p.  cinnam.  !^j,  p. 
sacch.  ^Y,  g.  trag.  et  aq.  cinnam.  q.  s.,  ut  fiat 
massa.  Each  lozenge  to  weigh  12  gr.  Ph.  P.) 
Tonic,  stomachic.     Dose,  v  to  x. 

Aromatic  lozenges  of  steel.  These  consist  of 
suljihate  of  iron,  with  a  small  proportion  of  the 
Tincture  of  Cantharides. 

Tabell^  de  Kina  Kina,  T.  cinchonas. 

TabelLjE  de  Magnesia,  T.  ahsorhen'tes,  3Tag- 
iiesia  lozenges.  [Magnes.  ^j,  saechar.  alb.  ,^iv, 
miicil.  g.  tragac.  q.  s.  Ph.  P.)  Absorbent  and 
antacid. 

TaBELLjE  de  RheO,  Rhnharh  lozenges.  [P. 
rhej.  3SS,  sacch.  ^v,  mucilag.  gum,  tragac.  q.  s. ; 
f.  massa.  Each  to  contain  12  grains.  Ph.  P.) 
Stomachic  and  laxative. 

Tabkll^  de  Scammo'nio  et  Senna  Compos'- 
IT^,  T.  de  ciiro  et  diacar'thamo,  Compound  lo- 
zenges of  scamntony  and  senna.  (Scammon.  -^iij, 
SenncB  ^vvss,  rhej.  ^iss,  caryoph.  ^j,  corticis 
limon.  eonfect.  ^j,  sacch.  ^vj  ;  f.  massa.  Ph.  P.) 
Purgative.     Dose,  ^ij  to  ^vj,  or  more. 

Tabellje  ad  Sitem,  T.  acidi  oxalici  — t.  ad 
Sodam,  Trochisci  carbonatis  calcis  —  t.  de  Stibii 
sulpbureto,  T.  antimoniales  Kunekelii. 

Tabell^  de  Sul'phure  Sim'plices,  Simple 
sulphtir  lozenges.  [Sulphur  lot.  §ss,  sacch.  §\v, 
mttc.  g.  tragac.  cum  aqufi,  rosa  praspar.  q.  s.  Ph. 
P.)  Expectorant,  demulcent,  &e.  Used  in  dis- 
eases of  the  chest,  and  in  cutaneous  affections. 
Dose,  a  lozenge. 

Tabell^  de  Sdlph'ure  Cojrros'iT^,  Com- 
pound  sulphur  lozenges.  (Sulph.  lot.  ^!^ij,  acid, 
benzoic,  gr.  xij,  rad.  irid.  p.  ,^ss,  ol.  anisi,  gtt. 
viij,  sacch.  ,^vss,  g.  trag.  q.  s.  Ph.  P.)  Aperient, 
expectorant,  and  stimulant  [?].     Dose,  4  a  day. 

TABERXA  MEDICA.  Pharmacopolium. 

TABERN^MONTANA  U'TILIS,  (after  Ta- 
berneemontanus,  a  German  botanist.)  A  tree  of 
British  Guiana,  of  the  family  Apocynacese,  called, 
by  the  natives,  Hya-Hya,  the  bark  and  pith  of 
which  yield  a  milk,  which  is  used  by  the  savages 
as  a  refreshing  drink. 

TABES,  Maras'mus  Tabes,  Tabum,  from  tabere, 
'to  decay;'  Te'kedon,  Atroph'ia,  Tab'idness,  De- 
cline, Wasting.  Emaciation  of  the  whole  body, 
with  general  languor,  hectic  fever,  and,  for  the 
most  part,  depressed  spirits. 

Tabes,  Atrophy,  Phthisis — t.  Coxaria,  Ischio- 
phthisis  —  t.  Diabetica,  Diabetes  mellitus — t.  Di- 
uretica.  Diabetes  mellitus. 

Tabes  Dorsa'hs,  T.  Dorsua'lis,  Maras'mus 
tabes  dorRa'lis,  Phthisis  no'tias  seu  dorsa'lis  seu 
sicca,  Myelophthi'sis,  Myelatroph'ia,  Myelanalo'- 
ais.  Tabes  ossis  sacri.  A  wasting  of  the  body, 
attended  at  first  with  a  pain  in  the  back  or  loins, 
and  afterwards  in  the  neck  or  head,  —  caused  it 
57 


has  been  conceived,  by  too  early  or  too  frequent 
addiction  to  venery. 

Tabes  Glandularis,  T.  mesenterica.  Scrofula 
—  t.  Ischiadiea,  Ischiophtbisis  —  t.  Lactea,  Atro- 
phia lactantium,  see  Galactia. 

Tabes  Mesenter'ica,  T.  glandula'ris  seu  scro- 
fulo'sa,  Atroph'ia  mesenter'ica  seu  infant'iim  seu 
glandula'ris  seu  infanti'lis  seu  dorsi,  Parabys'ma 
mesenter'icum,  Ma'cies  Infan'tvm,  PcBdotroph'io. 
Scrof'tda  seu  Eaehial'gia  seu  Physco'nia  mesen- 
terica, Myelophthi'sis  sicca,  Febris  hec'tica  in- 
fan'tum,  Phthisis  mesara'ica,  Mesenterophthi' sis, 
Blesenter'ic^Disease,  (F.)  Carreau,  Chartre,  Scro- 
fulea  ou  JScrouelles  7nesenteriques,  Etisie  ou  Ra- 
chlalgie  ou  Atrophic  ou  Physconie  mesenterique, 
JEntero-mesenteriie,  Tubercules  des  ganglions  me- 
senteriques.  Phthisic  mesenterique.  An  engorge- 
ment and  tubercular  degeneration  of  the  mesen- 
teric glands,  followed  by  emaciation  and  general 
disorder  of  the  nutritive  functions.  The  disease 
is  often  owing  to  inflammation  or  irritation  of  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  intestines,  giving  occa- 
sion to  enlargement  of  the  glands  of  the  mesen- 
tery,— as  injury  to  the  upper  or  lower  extremities 
causes  inflammation,  and  enlargement  of  the 
lymphatic  glands  of  the  axilla  and  groin.  It 
occurs,  particularly,  in  children  of  a  scrofulous 
diathesis  ;  and  in  those  who  are  weaned  too  early, 
or  fed  on  indigestible  substances.  Diarrhoea, 
emaciation,  anorexia,  or  immoderate  appetite  ; 
hardness  and  swelling  of  the  abdomen;  and, 
towards  the  end,  hectic  fever,  are  the  chief 
symptoms  of  this  affection ;  the  prognosis  of 
which  is  unfavourable.  On  opening  the  bodies 
of  those  who  die  of  the  disease,  the  mesenteric 
glands  are  found  disorganized,  tubercular,  or  in 
a  more  or  less  advanced  state  of  suppuration. 
The  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  scrophulosis. 
Frictions  may  be  added  over  the  abdomen  and 
spine;  and  mercury,  in  small  doses,  so  as  to  ex- 
cite a  new  action  in  the  system.  The  food  must 
be  easy  of  digestion,  and  the  bowels  be  kept 
soluble. 

Tabes  Xutricum,  Atrophia  lactantium,  see 
Galactia  —  t.  Ossis  sacri,  Tabes  dorsalis  —  t.  Pec- 
torea,  Rachitis  —  t.  Pulmonalis,  Phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis  —  t.  Scrofulosa,  T.  mesenterica  —  t.  Senum, 
Marasmus  senilis. 

TABESCERE,  Emaciate. 

TABID,  Tab'idus,  (F.)  Tabide.  Same  etymon 
as  Tabes.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  tabes. 
AVasted  by  disease. 

TABIDNESS,  Tabes. 

TABIF'IC,  Tabificus,  (F.)  Tabifique,  from 
tabes,  'consumption,'  and  facere,  'to  make.' 
That  which  causes  consumption  or  phthisis. 

TABLE,  Tab'ula,  Tabell'a,  Tabula'tum,  Lam' - 
ina,  Paries,  Squama.  A  name  given  to  the 
plates  of  compact  tissue,  which  form  the  bones 
of  the  cranium.  Of  these,  one  is  external;  the 
other  internal,  and  called  Tab'ula  vi'trea,  on  ac- 
count of  its  brittleness. 

TABLES  BE  MORTALITE,  Mortality, 
bills  of. 

TABLET,  Trochiscus  —  t.  Votive,  Tabula  vo- 
tiva. 

TABLETTE,  Tabella. 

TABLETTES  BE  QACHOU ET  BE  MAG 
NESIE,  Tabellee  de  catechu  et  magnesia. 

TABLIER,  Ventrale  cutaneum. 

TABOURET,  Thlaspi  bursa. 

TABULA,  Tabella,  Table. 

Tab'ula  Voti'ta,  Votive  tablet.  A  tablet, 
hung  up  as  an  offering  —  anathe'ma  —  in  the  an- 
cient temples  by  the  sick,  descriptive  of  their 
diseases,  and  mode  of  cure;  or  by  those  who  had 
been  preserved  from  some  calamity. 

Tabula  Antichlorotic^,  Tabellae  de  ferro  — 


TABULATUM 


898 


TAL 


t.  Instaurantes,  Tabellae  de  ferro  —  t.  Martiales, 
Tabellse  de  ferro. 

TABULATUM,  Tabella,  Table. 
TABUM,  Ichor,  Sanies,  Tabes. 

TAC,  Influenza. 

TACAMAHACA,  Fagara  octandra  —  t.  Ca- 
ragna,  Caranna. 

TACCA  OCEANICA,  see  Arrowroot,  (Tahiti.) 

TACHE,  Macula. 

TACHE  CEREBRALE,  Tach.e  mhnngitique. 
A  red  mark  or  stain,  observable  in  a  large  num- 
ber of  hydrocephalic  children,  when  pressure  is 
made  on  the  skin.  —  Trousseau. 

TACHE  EMbllYONNAlRE,  'Embryonic 
.  spot;'  Ga'mulus,  C.  germinati'vus  sen  proli(/"ei-us, 
A'rea  c/erminati'vu,  Nu'cleus  cicatric' uloB  seu 
blastoderm'atis,  Ger'minal  eu'mulus.  A  name 
given  by  M.  Coste  to  a  spot  seen  on  the  blasto- 
derma  about  the  end  of  the  first  week,  from  which 
the  development  of  the  embryo  proceeds. 

According  to  BischofF,  the  blastodermic  vesicle 
consists  here  of  a  double  layer,  (F.)  FeuiUet  — 
the  upper  one  the  serous  or  animal ;  the  lower, 
the  mucous  or  vegetative ;  and  between  these  is 
afterwards  formed  the  vascidai-  layer. 

TACHE  GERMINATIVE,  see  Molecule  — f. 
ililanienne,  see  Naevus  —  t.  lleningitique,  Tache 
cerebrale — t.  de  Naissance,  Nasvus — t.  Sanguine, 
see  Naevus. 

TACHENCAUSIS,  Combustion,  human. 

TAC  HE  S  HEPATIQUES,  Chloasma. 

TACHE S  LAITEUSES,  Plaques  laiteuses, 
'milky  spots  or  patches.'  White  spots  occasion- 
ally seen  on  the  heart,  and  regarded  by  many 
pathologists  as  the  results  of  previous  pericar- 
ditis. 

TACHES  BE  ROUSSEUR,  Ephelides  — <. 
Rouges,  Spots,  red. 

TACHETE  BE  ROUSSEURS,  see  Ephe- 
lides. 

TACHYIA'TER,  Taehijia'tms.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.     One  who  cures  speedily. 

TACHYIATRI'A,  from  raxvi,  'quick,'  and 
tarpua,  'healing.'     The  art  of  curing  quickly. 

TACH'YTOMY,  Taclnjtom' ia,  from  ra^uj, 
'  quick,'  and  rojiri,  '  incision.'  The  art  of  cutting 
or  operating  rapidly. 

TACITUR'NITY,  Tacitur'mtas,Sige,  'silence,' 
from  tacere,  taciturn,  '  to  be  silent.'  '  State  of  a 
person  who  does  not  speak.'  Morbid  taciturnity 
sometimes  exists  as  a  symptom  of  the  neuroses, 
especially  of  melancholy. 

TACT,  Tactus,  from  tangere,  tacfum,  'to  touch.' 
A  modification  of  the  sense  of  touch.  Passive 
judgment  by  the  cutaneous  nerves  regarding  bo- 
dies exterior  to  the  skin.  Tact  is  passive:  Touch, 
active. 

TACTILE,  Tac'tilis;  same  etymon.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  touch. 

TACTION,  Touch. 

TACTUS,  Tact,  Touch— t.  Dolorificus,  Hapto- 
dysphoria  —  t.  Eruditus,  see  Palpation. 

TAE,  Digitus  pedis. 

T^iDA,  Teda,  Bees,  iaiq,  'a  torch.'  A  term 
used  for  a  medicine  employed  under  the  form  of 
fumigation,  pessary,  or  troch. 

T^'NIA,  Te'nia,  Fas'cia,  from  raivia,  '  a  fillet, 
a  riband.'  See  Bandage.  Also  a  genus  of  intes- 
tinal worms,  characterized  by  an  elongated,  flat- 
tened, and  articulated  body,  with  four  suctorial 
oscula  on  the  head.  Of  this  genus,  two  only  in- 
habit the  human  body — the  Tmnia  lata,  (see  Bo- 
thriocephalus  latus,)  and  Tmnia  solium. 

TAENIA  AcEPHALA,  Bothriocephalus  latus — f.  A 

Anneaux  courts,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  ci  An- 

tieaux  longs.  Taenia  solium  —  t.  Articulos  demit- 

tens.  Taenia  solium — t.Cucurbitina,  Tasnia  solium 

- 1.  Dentata,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Grisea, 


Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  Hippocampi,  Corpora 
fimbriata — t.  Humana  armata.  Taenia  solium — t. 
Humana  incrmis,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  Hy- 
datigena.  Hydatid- — ■  t.  Lata,  Bothriocephalus 
latus — t.  a,  Longues  articulations,  Tasnia  solium — 
t.  Membranacea,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Ner- 
vosa Halleri,  Ganglion  of  Gasser — t.  Non  arme, 
Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Osculis  lateralibus  ge- 
minis,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  Osculis  laterali- 
bus solitariis,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Osculis 
marginalibus  solitariis,  Taenia  solium — t.  Osculis 
superficialibus,  Bothriocepalus  latus  —  t.  Prima, 
Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Sans  epine,  Taenia  so- 
lium —  t.  Secunda,  Taenia  solium. 

T^NiA  Semicircula'ris,  T.  stria' ta,  Gem'inum 
centrum  semicircula're,  Limhus  poste'rior  cor'po- 
ris  stria'ti,  StricB  cor'necB  seu  semiluna'res  seu 
termina'les,  Frcs'nidum  novum,  Fascia  semicircu- 
la'ris, (F.)  Bdndelette  des  iminences  pyrifomes 
(Ch.),  Bandelette,  B.  demicirculaire.  Lame  cornee. 
A  medullary,  grayish,  semitransparent  laj'er,  situ- 
ate in  the  groove  that  separates  the  thalamus  op- 
ticus from  the  corpus  striatum  in  the  lateral  ven- 
tricle. 

T^NIA  So'lium,  jT.  os'cidis  marginal' thus  soli- 
ta'riis  seu  cncurhili'na  seu  huma'na  arma'ta  seu 
artic'ulos  demit' tens  seu  secun'da,  Hal'ysis  solium, 
Vermis  ciicurbiti'niis,  Lnmhri'ciis  latus,  So'lium, 
Tenia  sans  epine  ou  d,  longues  articidations  ou  ^ 
auneaux  longs,  Ver  solitaire  ou  cucurhitin,  Long 
Tape  Worm,  has  an  almost  hemispherical,  dis- 
crete head;  an  obtuse  beak;  the  neck  full  ante- 
riorly; all  the  joints  slightly  obtuse,  the  anterior 
very  short;  the  next  almost  square,  and  the  rest 
oblong;  the  marginal  foramina  vaguely  alter- 
nated. The  taenia  solium  is  commonly  a  few  feet 
long:  sometimes  its  length  is  enormous.  It  is 
said  to  have  been  met  with  600  feet  long.  It 
principally  inhabits  the  small  intestines,  and  is 
not  common.  The  oil  of  turpentine,  in  some 
form,  largely  exhibited,  is  perhaps  the  best 
remedy. 

T^NiA  Striata,  T.  semicircularis  —  t.  Tarini, 
Lamina  cornea — t.  Tenella,  Bothriocephalus  latu9 

—  t-  Vulgaris,  Bothriocephalus  latus. 
TJ5NIACIDE,  Tseniafuge. 

T^NI^  COLI,  see  Colon  —t.  Valsalvae  Coli, 
see  Colon. 

T^'NIAFUGE,  Ta'nifuge,  Tcn'niaeide,  Ta'ni- 
cide,  Twniaf'ugum,  from  tania,  and  fugo,  'I 
drive  off.'  A  remedy  calculated  to  expel  or  de- 
stroy taenia. 

TiE'NICIDE,  from  tcenia,  and  cado,  '  I  kill.' 
A  destroyer  of  taenia  or  tapeworm. 

T^NIFUGE,  Tasniafuge. 

T Jil'NIOLA,  Bandelette  ;  diminutive  of  Taenia. 
Used  by  Gerber  for  a  simple,  band-like,  or  flat 
fibre,  Filum  tmniaform' e,  seen  under  the  micro- 
scope. 

TAFFETAS  AGGLUTINATIF,  Sparadra- 
pum  adhaesivum  —  t.  d' Angleterre,  see  Sparadra- 
pum  adhsesivum  —  t.  Epispastique,  Sparadrapum 
vesicatorium  —  t.  Gomme,  see  Sparadrapum  ad- 
haesivum  —  t.  Vesicant,  Sparadrapum  vesicato- 
rium. 

TAFIA,  Rum. 

TAIE,  see  Caligo. 

TAILLABE,  Incision,  see  Entaille.- 

TAILLE,  Lithotomy  —  t.  Hypogastrique,  Hy- 
pogastric operation  of  lithotomy,  see  Lithotomy 

—  t.  Posterieure,  see  Lithotomy — t.  Recto-vesicale, 
see  Lithotomy  —  t.  par  le  Rectum,  see  Lithotomy 

—  (.  Sus-pubieiine,  see  Lithotomy. 
TAKAMAHAKA,  Fagara  octandra. 
TAKE,  Attack. 

TAKEN  DOWN,  see  Attack. 
TAKING,  see  Contagious. 
TAL.     A  word  formerly  employed  for  alkalL 
It  also  meant  the  dung  of  the  peacock. 


TALC   EARTH 


899 


TARANTISMUS 


TALC  EARTH,  Mns^nesia. 
TALCUM  NEPHRITICUM,  Nephreticus 
lapis. 

TALEN'TUM,  raXavrov.     An    ancient  weight 
equal  to  54  pounds,  2  oz.,  5  dr.,  and  24  grains. 
Poids  de  llarc.     See  Weights  and  Measures. 
TALEOLUS,  Malleolus. 

TALIACOTIAN  OPERATION,  Rhinoplastie. 
TALINUM  UMBBLLATUM,  see  Mistura. 
TALIPES,  Kyllosis  (Clubfoot)  — t.  Calcaneus, 
see  Kyllosis — t.  Equinus,  see  Kyllosis — t.  Valgus, 
see  Kyllosis  —  t.  Varus,  see  Kyllosis. 

TALLAHATTA     SPRINGS,     see    Alabama, 
mineral  waters  of. 

TALON,  see  Calcaneum. 

TALPA,   'a    mole.'      Topina'ria,    Tupina'rin, 
Talpa'ria,  Teatu'do,  (P.)  Taupe.    A  tumour  situ- 
ate   on    the  bead,  which  has   been  supposed  to 
burrow  like  a  mole. 
TALPARIA,  Talpa. 

TALUS,  Astragalus,  Malleolus,  see  Calcaneum. 
Pessary. 

TAMARA  CONGA,  Averrhoa  earambola. 
TAMAR^A  ZECLA,  Tamarindus. 
TAMARIN,  Tamarindus. 

TAMARIN'DI  PULPA,  Pulp  of  Tamarinds, 
(Tamannda,  q.  s.  Digest  them  with  a  small 
quantity  of  water,  until  they  become  of  a  uniform 
consistence ;  then  separate  the  seeds  and  fila- 
ments, by  pressing  through  a  hair-sieve.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
TAMARINDS,  PULP  OF,  Tamarind!  pulpa. 
TAMARIN'DUS,  T.  lu'dica,  Thamarindus, 
Oxyphoe'iiicon,  Sil'iqna  Arah'ica,  Balawprd'li, 
TamnroB'a  zecla,  O.r^/phceni'cia,  Aca'cia  In'dica, 
Tamarind  tree,  (F.)  Tamarin.  Ord.  Leguminosae. 
Seu:.  Sy-^t.  Triandria  Digynia.  The  pulp  of  the 
tamarind  with  the  seeds  connected  by  numerous 
tough  strings,  Tamarindus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  ex- 
ported from  the  West  Indies,  preserved  in  syrup. 
It  is  refrigerant  and  laxative.  Tamarind  whey 
is  made  by  boiling  3ij  of  the  pulp  with  Ibiss  of 
milk.  When  strained,  it  is  used  as  a  diluent  in 
fever. 

TAMARISCUS,  Tamarix  Gallica. 
TAM'ARIX,  T.  Gal'lica  sen  Penfan'dra,  Ta- 
maris'cus.  The  Tamarisk  tree.  Ord.  Tamaris- 
cinese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Pentagynia.  The 
bark,  wood,  and  leaves  were  formerly  employed 
medicinally;  —  the  former  for  its  aperient  and 
corroborant  virtues,  in  obstructions  of  the  liver: 
-  the  latter  in  icterus,  haemoptysis,  and  some  cu- 
taneous affections. 

TAMBOUR,  CAVTTE  DU,  Tympanum. 
TAMPA  BAY,  see  Saint  Augustine. 
TAMPON,  see  Phisging. 
TAMPONNEMENT.  Plugging. 
TAMUS  COMMU'NIS,  Am'pelos  meWna  (Di- 
oscorides),  Chiro'nia,  GyncBcan'the  seu  Apro'nia 
(Pliny),  Bryo'nia  nigra.  Common  Black  Bry'ony. 
The  root  is  diuretic,  and  has  been  given  as  an 
antilithic.     In   the  herb-shops  of  Europe,  it   is 
sold  as  a  topical  application  for  removing  bruise 
marks,  and  in  France  is  called  Herhe  aux  femmes 
hattues ;  'herb  for  beaten  or  bruised  women.' 

TANACE'TUM,  T.  vulga're.  Tana'sia,  Athana'- 
sia,  Parthe'nium  mas.  Hind-heel,  Tansy,  (F.) 
Tonaisie  vulgaire,  Herhe  anx  vers,  Coq  des  .Jar- 
dins.  Ord.  Compositae.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia 
Polygamia.  The  leaves  and  flowers  of  tansy 
have  a  peculiar,  strong  odour,  and  warm  bitter 
taste.  They  are  tonic,  deobstruent  [?],  and  an- 
thelmintic. Dose,  ^ss  to  5J-  The  infusion  is 
usually  drunk  as  tea. 

Tanace'tum  Balsami'ta,  T.  horten'se,  Balsa- 
mi'ta  was  seu  vulga'ris  seu  suav' eolens  seu  major, 
Costus  horto'rum,  Mentha  Roma'na  seu  Saracen'- 
ica,  Costmary,  Alecost,  Cock-mint,  (F.)  Menthe 
coq,  Herhe  an  coq.  Grand  Baiime.  A  fragrant- 
Bmelling  herb,  somewhat   resembling  mint,  and 


formerly  much  esteemed  as  a  corroborant,  carmi- 
native, and  emmenagogue. 

Tanacetcm  Hokten.se,  T.  balsamita. 
Tanace'tum  Multiflo'rum.    A  South  African 
plant,  which  is  used    as    a  tonic,  antispasmodic 
and  anthelmintic.    It  is  given  in  flatulency,  gout, 
amenorrhoea  and  dropsy :  but  is  especially  pre- 
scribed in  cases    of  ascarides    lumbricoides  and 
other  entozoa.     It  is  administered  in  the  form  of 
powder  or  infusion  ;   the  latter  acting  also   as  a 
diaphoretic  and  diuretic.     It  is  used  likewise  as 
a  resolvent  and  anodyne  fomentation. 
TANAISIE  VULGAIRE,  Tanacetum. 
TANASIA,  Tanacetum. 

TANGE,    rayyt],    'rancidity.'      A    putrescent 
tumour. 

TANGHINIA,  Cerbera  tanghin. 
TANGLES,  BIG,  Pila  marina— t.  Blue,  Gay- 
lussacia  dumosa. 

TANINUM,  Tanninum. 
TANNIC  ACID,  Tannin. 
TANNICUM  PURUM,  Tannin. 
TANNIN,  from  (F.)  tanner,  '  to  tan.'  Tan'- 
nicum  purum,  Tanni'num,  Tani'num,  Principi'ium 
Adstringens  seu  Scytodep'sicnm  seu  Byrsodepj'- 
sicum  seu  Coria'ceum,  Scytodep'sinm,  Mate'ria 
Scytodep)h'ica,Acidum  Tan'nicum  seu  Scytodejoh'i- 
cum  seu  Quercitan' niciim ,  Tannic  acid,  (F.)  Acide 
tannique.  A  principle  obtained  from  oak  bark 
and  other  astringent  vegetables,  so  called  from 
its  forming  the  principal  agent  in  the  process  of 
tanning.  Pure  tannin,  obtained  from  galls,  by 
the  action  of  ether,  (see  Ph.  U.  S.)  has  been  em- 
ploj-ed  as  an  excellent  and  powerful  astringent. 
Dose,  two  grains,  repeated  several  times  a  day. 

TANSY,  Tanacetum  — t.  Wild,  Potentilla  an- 
serina. 

TAPER,  HIGH,  Vorbascum  nigrum. 
T  APE'TUM,  Tapes,  Tape'te,  '  tapestry,  a  carpet.' 
Tape'tnm     choro'idecB.       A     shining     spot,    on 
the  outside  of  the  optic  nerve,  in  the  eyes  of  cer- 
tain animals,  which  is  owing  to  the  absence  of 
the  pigmentum  nigrum,  occasioning  the  reflection 
of  a  portion    of  the   rays    from    the  membrana 
Ruyschiana.    Its  use  appears  to  be,  by  reflecting 
the  rays,  to  cause  a  double  impression  on  the 
retina,  and  thus  add  to  the  intensity  of  vision. 
Tapetum,  see  Corpus  Callosum. 
Tapetum  Alve'oli,  Memhra'na  exter'na  den'- 
tiinn.     The  outer  membrane  of  the  teeth.     The 
lining  membrane  or  periosteum  of  the  alveoli. 

TAPEWORM,  BROAD,  Eothriocephalus  latus 
—  t.  Long,  Taenia  solium. 

TAPIOCA,  see  Jatropha  manihot  —  t.  Pearl, 
see  Jatropha  manihot. 

TAPSUS  BARBATUS,  Verbascum  nigrum. 
TAPSARIA,  Decoctum  hordei. 
TAR,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Barbadoes,  Pe- 
troleum. 

Tar  Beer,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
Tar,  Mineral,  Pissasphaltum. 
Tar  Water,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — t.  Wine,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris. 

TAR'ACHE,  Tarax'is,  Tarag'ma,  Tarag'mus, 
'  disorder.'  A  disorder  of  sight  which  arises 
from  a  blow,  compression  of  the  eye,  or  the  action 
of  dust,  smoke  or  other  external  cause.  By  some, 
it  is  understood  to  signify  mild  or  incipient  oph- 
thalmia. 

Tapaxn  ^vs  Koi\ias,  '  disturbance  of  the  belly.' 
Diarrhoea. 

TARAGMA,  Tarache. 
TARAGMUS,  Tarache. 
TARAGON,  Artemisia  dractineulus. 
TARAHO,  Peltandra  Virginica. 
TARANTISM'US,     Tarentis'mus,    Tarantalis'. 
mns,    Dinoma'nia,     Chore'a    Sancti     Valenti'ni, 
Taren'iulism,    Tar'antism,    from     Tarentum,     or 
Taranto,  where  it  was  observed.     A  feigned  or 


TARANTULA 


900 


TATZ6 


imaginary  disease  in  Apulia,  characterized  by 
eiicessive  avidity  for  dancing  at  the  sound  of  in- 
struments, and  which  was  ascribed,  by  the  vul- 
gar, to  the  bite  of  the  tarantula.  A  sort  of  taran- 
tismus,  considered  peculiar  to  Africa,  and  believed 
to  be  spontaneous,  has  been  called  Tarentismns 
Taugita'niia,  Janoii-tarentisme. 

TARAN'TULA.  Same  etymon.  Taren'tuln, 
(F.)  Tarentnle.  A  species  of  spider — the  Ara'nea 
Tarentula  of  Linnaeus,  Lyco'sa  Tarentula  of  La- 
treille — whose  bite  has  been  looked  upon  as  dan- 
gerous.    Music  has  been  thought  to  cure  it. 

TARASCON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Chalybeate  springs  in  the  department  of  Arriege, 
France.     They  contain  iron  and  carbonic  acid. 

TARAXACUM,  Leontodon  taraxacum  —  t. 
Dens  leonis,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

TARAXIS,  Tarache,  see  Ophthalmia. 

TARCHON  SYLVESTRIS,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

TARENTISMUS,  Tarantismus  —  t.  Tangi- 
tanus,  Tarantismus. 

TARENTULA,  Tarantula. 

TARBNTULISM,  Tarantismus. 

TARGAR,  Juniperus  communis. 

TARI.  Palm  or  cocoa  wine,  from  which  sugar 
was  obtained,  called  Jagre.  It  was  once  used  as 
a  tonic. 

TARI'NI  PONS,  (F.)  Pont  de  Tarin.  A  cine- 
ritious  substance,  between  the  corpora  albicantia, 
which  unites  the  crura  and  assists  in  forming 
the  bottom  of  the  third  ventricle.  The  fossa,  at 
the  bottom  of  which  it  is  placed,  is  called  Locus 
perfora' tus  po.si/'c«s,  Ponterior  ■pev'foraied  space, 
Substan'tia  seu  Lam' ina  perfora' ta  poste'rior. 

TARO,  Arum  esculentum. 

TARSAL,  Tar' sens,  from  tarsus,  (F.)  Tarsien. 
That  which  relates  to  the  tarsus. 

Tarsal  Articulations  result  from  the  union 
of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus  with  each  other. 

TAR'SEA  LATA  (LiaAMENTA).  Three 
ligaments,  described  by  Winslow  as  stretching 
from  the  edge  of  the  orbit  to  that  of  the  tarsi, 
with  which,  he  thought,  they  formed  a  complete 
layer  of  the  ej'elids.  Zinn  could  not  trace  the 
ligaments  all  the  way  to  the  tarsi ;  whilst  Haller 
doubted  altogether  their  ligamentous  texture,  and 
Zeis  regards  them  as  merely  areolar  substance. 

TARSEUS,  Tarsal. 

TARSO,  in  composition,  belonging  or  relating 
to  the  tarsus. 

TARSO-METATAR'SAL,  Tarso-metatar'seua. 
That  which  relates  to  tarsus  and  metatarsus. 

Tarso-Metatarsal  Articulations  are  those 
between  the  bones  of  the  second  row  of  the  tarsus 
and  the  metatarsal  bones.  The  term  Tarso-me- 
tatarsal  is  likewise  applied  to  ligaments  connected 
with  these  joints,  some  of  which  are  dorsal,  and 
others  plantar. 

TARS0-3IETA  TA RSLPHALANGTEN  D U 
POVCE,  Adductor  pollieis  pedis — t.  Phalanyien 
dii  ponce,  Flexor  brevis  pollieis  pedis  —  t.  Sous- 
phala)igien  du  petit  orteil.  Flexor  brevis  minimi 
digit!  pedis — t.  Sous-phalangettien  da  premier  or- 
teil. Flexor  brevis  pollieis  pedis. 

TARSOPHY'MA,  from  Tarsus,  and  4,vix,i,  <a 
tumour.'     A  swelling  of  the  tarsus. 

TARSOR'RHAPHY,  Tarsorraph'ia,  from  tar- 
sns,  '  the  tarsal  cartilage,'  and  pa(prt,  '  suture.' 
An  operation  for  diminishing  th'  size  of  the 
opening  between  the  eyelids,  when  it  is  enlarged 
by  surrounding  cicatrices. 

TAPiSOT'OMY,  Tnrsotom'ia,  from  tarsus,  and 
roixj],  '  incision.'  The  section  or  removal  of  the 
tarsal  cartilages. 

TARSUS,  rajjaog,  Pla.nta  prima  seu  Rasse'ta  seu 
Rasce'ta  pedis,  Pe'dium,  Olarie'ulcB  pedis  nodus. 
1.  The  posterior  part  of  tlie  foot.  The  tarsus 
consists  of  7  bones,  arranged  transversely  in  two 
rows,  between  which    amputation    is    sometimes 


performed.  The  first  or  Tibial  row,  (F.)  Pre- 
miere rangee,  R.  jambiere,  consists  of  the  astra- 
galus and  OS  calcis  ;  the  second  or  metatarsal,  (F.) 
Seconde  rangee,  Li.  metatarsienne,  of  the  sca- 
phoides,  cuboides,  and  three  ossa  cuneiformia. 
2.  The  Tarsi,  Tarsal  cartilages.  Tarsal  fibro-car- 
tilages,  Orchoi,  Crepid'ines  seu  Coro'nat  seu  Che- 
Ice  seu  Un'gulcB  Palp>ebra'rum,  Tharsi,  Cil'ia,  are 
two  small  cartilaginous  layers,  seated  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  free  edge  of  each  eyelid.  The  upper 
is  larger  and  broader  than  the  lower.  Both  com- 
mence at  the  bifurcated  extremity  of  the  tendon 
of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum,  and  pass  to  the 
opposite  commissure  of  the  eyelids.  They  are 
broader  in  the  middle  than  at  their  extremities. 

TARTAR,  Antimonium  tartarizatum  (impro- 
perly), Potassse  supertartras  impurus  —  t.  Cal- 
careous, Potassa3  subcarbonas  —  t.  Crystals  of, 
Potassae  supertartras. 

Tartar  Emetic,  Antimonium  tartarizatum. 

Tartar,  Salt  of,  see  Potash,  and  Potassse  sub- 
carbonas— t.  Soluble,  Potassse  tartras,  see  Potash. 

Tartar  op  the  Teeth,  Odontolithos. 

TARTA'REI  MORBI.  A  term  employed  by 
Paracelsus  to  designate  certain  diseases  which  he 
attributed  to  tartar. 

TARTARI  CRY  STALL  I,  Potassse  super- 
tartras. 

TARTAR'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  tarfar'tcum  seu 
tarlaro'sum  seu  tar'tari  essentia'le,  Acor  tartar'- 
icuH,  Sal  tartari  essentia'le,  Tarta'reous  acid,  (F.) 
Acide  tartrique.  {PotasscB  bitart.  Ibiiss,  aq. 
destillat.  ferv.,  cong.  iij.  cretcB  p>pt'.  Ibj,  ncidi 
sulph.  Ibj.  Boil  the  bitartrate  with  two  gallons 
of  the  water,  and  gradually  add  the  prepared 
chalk,  until  no  more  bubbles  appear;  let  the  tar- 
trate of  lime  subside  ;  then  pour  off  the  fluid  and 
wash  the  tartrate  of  lime  with  distilled  water, 
until  it  is  tasteless.  Pour  upon  it  the  sulphuric 
acid,  diluted  with  a  gallon  of  boiling  distilled 
water;  and  set  the  mixture  aside  for  24  hours, 
occasionally  stirring  it.  Filter  and  evaporate  it 
to  crystallize.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  refrigerant  and 
antiseptic,  but  is  chiefly  used  for  making  efferves- 
cent draughts  with  soda. 

TARTARUM,  Potassse  supertartras  impurus — 
t.  Solubile,  Potassas  tartras  —  t.  Vitriolatum,  Po- 
tassse sulphas. 

TARTARUS  AMMONIiE,  Ammonise  tartras 
—  t.  Chalybeatus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — t.  Cru- 
dus,  Potassse  supertartras  impurus  —  t.  Dentium, 
Odontolithos  —  t.  Emeticus,  Antimonium  tartari- 
zatum— t.  Kalicoferricus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  — 
t.  Kalinus,  Potassse  tartras — t.  Lixivise,  Potassse 
tartras  —  t.  Martialis,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  t. 
Potassa9  ferruginosus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  t. 
Stibiatus,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — t.  Subpo- 
tassicus,  Potassse  supertartras — t.  Superpotassicus, 
Potassse  supertartras  —  t.  Tartarizatus,  Potassse 

TARTRATE  D'AMMONIAQVE,  Ammonise 
tartras. 

TARTRE  BRUT,  Potassse  supertartras  impu- 
rus— t.  Cm,  Potassaa  supertartras  impurus^f.  des 
Z)en^9,  Odontolithos  —  t.  Emettque,  Antimonium 
tartarizatum — t.  Stibie,  Antimonium  tartarizatum. 

TASIS,  Extension,  Tension. 

TASTE,  Gustii.s,  Geusis,  Geuma,  Geuthmos,  (F.) 
Godt.  One  of  the  five  external  senses,  which  in- 
structs us  of  the  savours  of  bodies,  and  of  which 
the  tongue  is  the  principal  organ. 

Gustation,  Gustatio,  is  the  exercise  of  this  fa- 
culty. In  disease,  the  taste  frequently  becomes 
variously  vitiated.  The  nerves  of  taste  are  pro- 
bably the  glosso-pharyngeal,  and,  perhaps  also, 
the  lingual  branch  of  the  fifth  pair. 

Taste,  Savour. 

TATZ'E.  The  fruit  of  Myrsi'na  Africa'na,  a 
native  of  Abyssinia,  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  the 


TATTOOING 


901 


TELA 


Azores,  and  Algeria^  wliich  is  used  as  a  tasnia- 
fuge. 

TATTOO'ING.  A  practice,  with  the  South 
Sea  Islanders,  of  puncturing  the  skin,  and  forc- 
ing coloring  matters  into  the  punctures.  Sailors 
in  all  countries  are  in  the  custom  of  practising  it 
by  rubbing  or  forcing  gunpowder  into  the  punc- 
tures. The  figures,  thus  formed,  remain  through 
life. 

TA  UPE,  Talpa. 

TAUROCOL'LA,  from  ravpou  'a  bull,'  and 
KoWa,  'glue.'  Glue  made  of  the  ears  and  genitals 
of  the  bull.     It  was  formerly  much  esteemed. 

TAURUS,  Penis,  Perineum. 

TAXIS,  'arrangement;'  from  raatim,  'I  order,' 
'I  arrange;'  Jie2}o>iit."{o,  Reduc'iio,  Syntax'is.  A 
methodical  pressure  exerted  by  the  hand  on  a 
hernial  tumour,  for  the  purpose  of  reducing  it. 
This  operation  is  generally  easy  in  hernias  that 
are  free  from  adhesions,  of  small  size,  and  with  a 
large  opening  into  the  sac;  but  it  is  very  dilEcult 
and  frequently  impracticable  in  those  that  are 
adherent  or  strangulated.  To  perform  the  taxis, 
the  patient  should  be  put  in  the  horizontal  pos- 
ture, and  in  one  in  which  the  parietes  of  the  ab- 
domen are  relaxed.  The  manual  procedure  va- 
ries in  each  species  of  hernia.  In  all  cases,  too 
strong  pressure  of  the  parts  must  be  avoided;  as 
inflammation  and  gangrene  might  be  induced. 
The  displaced  organs  must  be  pushed  into  the 
abdomen,  according  to  the  direction  of  the  axis 
of  the  hernial  sac.  The  reduction  is  sometimes 
favoured  by  blood-letting  nd  deUquium ;  the 
warm  bath  ;  warm  fomentations:  tobacco;  emol- 
lient glysters  ;  and,  at  times,  by  cold  applications, 
as  ice,  <tc.  In  a  case  of  strangulated  hernia, 
should  the  taxis  fail,  an  operation  becomes  ne- 
cessarv. 

TAXO'DIUM  DIS'TICHUM,  Cnpres'sm  dh'- 
tichri,  Schubei-'tin  dis' tichajCi/presi,  Bald  Cij press  ; 
indigenous.  Nut.  Ord.  Coniferte.  A  balsam, 
obtained  from  it,  is  applied  to  cuts  and  wounds. 
The  resin  from  the  cones  is  diuretic  and  carmina- 
tive. 

TAXONOMY,  Biotasy. 

TAXUS  BACCA'TA,  ra^og.  The  Yeio  tree, 
Smilax,  Smilas,  Thym'alos,  (F.)  If.  Family,  Co- 
nifers?. Sex.  Synt.  Dioecia  Monadelphia.  The 
ancients  believed  the  yew  to  be  poisonous  ;  but 
the  fruit  may  be  eaten  without  inconvenience. 
The  leaves  have  been  often  recommended  in  epi- 
lepsy. •  The  resin,  obtained  from  the  bark,  has 
been  called  alhir. 

TAXUS  CANADEX'SIS,  American  Yew, 
Ground  Uemhjch. ;  indigenous.  The  leaves  are 
said  to  be  sedative.[?] 

TAXWAX,  see  Xucha. 

TAYE,  Caligo. 

TAYLOR'S  REMEDY  POR  DEAFNESS, 
see  Allium. 

TEA,  Thea— t.  Apple,  see  Apple  tea— t.  Baha- 
ma, Lantana  camara  — t.  Beef,  see  Beef  tea  —  t. 
Berried,  Gaultheria. 

Tea  Berry,  Gaultheria. 

Tea,  BLANKE>fHEiH,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora 
— t.  Brazil,  Lantana  pseudothea — t.  Bushman's, 
Methyscopbyllum  glaucum — t.  Cafifre,  Helichry- 
sum  nudifolium — t.  Chicken,  see  Chicken  tea — t. 
Flaxseed,  Infusum  Lini  compositum — t.  Ginger, 
Infusum  Zingiberis — t.  Hottentots',  Helichrysum 
serpyllifolium — t.  Labrador,  Ledum  latifoliiira  — 
t.  Lemon-peel,  see  Citrus  medica — t.  Lye,  Phy- 
sick's,  s-ee  Fuligokali  —  t.  Marsh,  Ledum  palus- 
tre  —  t.  Mexico,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides  — ■  t. 
Mint,  Infusum  menthas  —  t.  Mountain,  Gaulthe- 
ria— t.  Mutton,  see  Mutton  tea — t.  New  Jersey, 
Celastrus — t.  Oswego,  Monarda  coccinea — t.  Red- 
berry,  Gaultheria — t.  Sassafras,  Saloop  —  t.  Slip- 
pery elm,  Infusum  Lini  compositum  —  t.  Soot, 


see  Fuligokali — t.  South  sea.  Ilex  vomitoria  —  t. 
Spanish,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides — t.  Veal,  see 
Yeal  tea. 

TEAK,  Paronychia. 

TEAR,  Sax.  teap,  Lac'ryvia,  Lacli'ryma,  Lac'- 
rima,  Lac'ruma,  Dncry,  Dac'ryma,  Dac'ryon, 
Humor  lacryma'lis,  Eyedrop,  ]\'eeping-tear,  (F.) 
Larme.  An  excrementitious  humour,  secreted  by 
the  lachrymal  gland,  and  poured  between  the 
globe  of  the  ej-e,  and  the  ej'elids,  to  facilitate  tho 
motions  of  those  parts.  The  tears  are  saline,  in- 
odorous, and  colourless.  They  turn  the  syrup  of 
violets  green;  and  contain  chloride  of  sodium, 
with  excess  of  base ;  phosphates  of  lime  and  soda, 
and  albumen,  and  a  special  organic  matter  called 
Lac'rymiue  and  Thrcpnine. 

TEARS,  DEERS',  Bezonr  of  the  deer. 

TEASEL,  CULTIVATED,  Dipsacus  sylves- 
tris. 

TEA  SICK,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

TEAT,  Nipple. 

TEAZEL.  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

TECEDON,  Phthisis. 

TECNOCTONIA,  Infanticide. 

TECNOL'OGY,  Teeol'ogy,  Teciiolofj" ia,  Teco- 
log"ia,  from  rcKvog  and  tsko;,  'a  child,'  and  Aoycf, 
'a  description.'     A  treatise  on  children. 

TECOLITHOS,  Juda?us  (lapis.) 

TECO'xMA  RADI'CANS,  Biyuo'nia  radi'cans, 
Triinipjet  flower,  Trumpet  creepier,  Virgin'ia  creep- 
er. Indigenous;  the  orange  and  scarlet  flowers 
appearing  in  July.  Order,  Bignoniaccffi.  The 
leaves  are  acrid. 

TECTARIA  CALAHUALA,  see  Calagualae 
radix  —  t.  Ferruginea,  see  Calagualaj  radix. 

TELA,  Tada. 

TEETH,  see  Tooth— t.  Barred, -gan-ees  (Dents) 
— t.  Eye,  Canine  teeth — t.  Jaw,  Molar  teeth  — t. 
Milk,  see  Dentition — t.  Neck  of  the,  Collum  den- 
tium  —  t.  Shedding  of  the,  see  Dentition — t.  A''i- 
treous  substance  of  the.  Enamel  of  the  teeth  —  t. 
Wisdom,  spo  Dentition — t.  Wit,  see  Dentition. 

TEETHING,  Dentition. 

TEGIMEN,  Integument. 

TEGMEN,  Integument. 

TEGULA  HIBERNICA,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

TEGUMEN,  Integument. 

TEGUMENT,  Integument. 

TEGUMEN'TARY,  Teyumenta'rius,  (F.)  Te- 
gumentaire.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  in- 
tegument. 

TEGUMEN'TUM,  Integument  — t.  Auris,  see 
Tympanum  —  t.  Ventriculorum  cerebri.  Centre, 
oval,  of  the  brain. 

TETGNE,  Pityriasis,  Porrigo,  Porrigo  lupinosa 
— t.  Annulaire,  Porrigo  scutulata — t.  en  Anneau, 
Porrigo  scutulata — t.  Fai-eme,  Porrigo  favosa — 
t.  Furfuracee,  Porrigo  furfurans — t.  Nummulaire, 
Porrigo  scutulata. 

TEINESMOS,  Tenesmus. 

TEINODYN'IA;  from  rarav,  '  to  extend,' and 
o&vvrj,  'pain.'     Pain  of  the  sinews  or  tendons. 

TEINOPHLOGO'SIS;  from  rtivuv,  'to  ex- 
tend,' and  (p\oytiiaii,  '  inflammation.'  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  sinews  or  tendons. 

TEINTURE,  Tincture  — f.  Ether^e,  see  Ethe- 
real —  f.  liuhefionte,  Tinctura  cantharidis. 

TEKEDON,  Tabes. 

TELA.  Texture,  Tissue  —  t.  Accidentalis  Me- 
dullaris,  Encephaloid —  t.  Cavernosa,  Cavernous 
texture — t.  Cellulosa.  Cellular  tissue —  t.  Cornea, 
Corneous  tissue — t.  Choroidea,  C'horoidea  tela — t. 
Emplastica,  Sparadrapum  —  t.  Erectilis,  Erectile 
tissue  —  t.  Fibrosa,  see  Fibrous — t.  Galteri,  Spa- 
radrapum Galteri — t.  Hippocratis  cribrosa.  Cellu- 
lar tissue — t.  Hymenochondroides,  Tissue,  carti- 
laginous— t.  Hymenochondrodes,  Tissue,  cartila- 
ginous— t.  Ichthyocollffi  glutinans,  see  Sparadra- 


TELAMON 


902 


TEMPORAL 


pum  adtsesivntD — t.  Inodularis,  Tissue,  inodular 

t.  Organica,  Histos  —  t.  Vesicatoria,  Sparadra- 

pum  vesicatorium. 
TELAMON.  Habena. 

TELAMO'NES,  teXo/uuve?,  'bandages.'  Char- 
pie,  used  for  wounds;  or  linen  employed  for 
bandages. 

TELANGECTASIS,  Telangiectasia. 
TELANGIECTA'SIA,  Telangiec'tasis,  Telan- 
gec'tasis,  Angeiotelecta'sia,  Beematotelangio'sis, 
Ucemotelangio'sis,  Angiecta'sia,  Anastomo'sis 
aneurysmal' ica;  from  rtKog,  'far,'  ayyuov,  'ves- 
sel,' Bind  tKTaaii,  'dilatation.'  Dilatation  of  far  or 
capillary  vessels.  Nsevus  maternus.  Aneurism 
by  anastomosis.  According  to  some,  fungus  hae- 
matodes.     See  Haematodes  fungus. 

Telangiectasia  Ocdli,  Cirsophthalmus. 
TELEPH'IUM,     Ulcns  telephiinn,  Acliille'um- 
The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  any  ulcer  of  a 
very  bad  kind,  and  difficult  to  cure,  because  the 
■wound,  which  Achilles  inflicted  on  Telephus,  de- 
generated into  a  similar  ulcer. 
Telephium,  Sedum  telephium. 
TELLURISMUS,  Magnetism,  animal. 
TELLU'RIUM,  (F.)  Telhire  ;  from  tellus,  tel- 
Juris,  'the  earth.'     A  metal  first  met  with  in   the 
gold  mines   of  Transylvania.     It  is  of  a  bluish 
white  colour,  very  volatilizable;  specific  gravity 
6-115;    and  oxidizable   in  the  air  and  by  heat. 
The  salts  of  tellurium  occasion  the  exhalation  of 
so  disagreeable  an  alliaceous  odour  from  the  body, 
that  they  have  not  been  much  experimented  with 
as  therapeutical  agents. 
TELUM,  Penis. 
TEJfPE,  Temple. 

TEM'PERAMENT,  Temperamen'tiim,  Temper- 
atu'ra,  Tempera' tio,  Tempe'ries ;  from  teinporare, 
'to  moderate,' originally  from  tevipvs,  temporis, 
'  time,'  the  great  temperer ;  Cuinpileoc'io,  Crasis, 
Eucra'sia.  A  name  given  to  the  remarkable  dif- 
ferences that  exist  between  individuaLs,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  variety  of  relations  and  proportions 
between  the  constituent  parts  of  the  body.  Thus, 
of  old,  it  was  supposed  that,  according  to  the  pre- 
dominance of  any  one  of  the  four  humours  then 
generally  admitted, — blood,  lymph,  bile,  and  atra- 
bilis  or  black  bile,  —  the  manifestations  of  the 
functions  were  tempered  or  modified  so  as  to  give 
rise  to  a  sanguine,  lymphatic,  clioleric,  or  atrabi- 
lious or  melancholic  predominance  or  tempera- 
ment. The  idea  of  the  existence  of  certain  of 
these  humours  has  been  banished ;  yet  the  influ- 
ence of  some,  as  of  the  blood,  lymph,  and  bile,  is 
still  admitted  by  many.  Too  much  influence  has, 
doubtless,  been  assigned  to  temperament  in  the 
sense  in  which  it  was  formerly  and  still  is  gener- 
ally understood,  although  there  can  be  no  ques- 
tion that  diS"erence  of  organization  occasions  a 
difference  in  the  activity  of  organs. 

Temperament,  Bilious,  Choleric  tempera- 
ment. 

TEM'PERANCE,    Sophros'yne,    Nephal'iotes, 
Sobri'etas,    Sobri'efy.     Same    etymon.     Modera- 
tion, opposed  to  gluttony  and  drunkenness.    The 
advantage  of  temperance,  in  a  hygienic  point  of 
view,  requires  no  comment. 
TEITPERANTS,  Sedatives. 
TEMPERATIO,  Temperament. 
TEMPERATURA,  Temperament. 
TEMPERIES,  Temperament. 
TEMPLE,  Tempus,  Re.'gio    Tempora'Us,  Crot'- 
aphim,  (F.)   Ternpe.     A  depression,  on  each  side 
of  the  head,  between  the  forehead  and  eye  ante- 
riorly, and  the  ear  posteriorly.     The  temples,  dis- 
tin£ruished  into  right  and  left,  correspond  to  the 
temporal  fossa  on  each  side.     The  word  is  said  to 
be  from  the  Latin  ternjjus,  '  time,'  because  in  this 


part  the  hair  first  begins  to  turn  white,  and  to 
indicate  age. 

TEMPORAL,  Tempora'Us.  That  which  re- 
lates to  the  temples. 

Temporal  Aponeuro'sis  is  a  very  strong  apo- 
neurosis, of  a  bluish,  shining  colour,  which  is  at- 
tached to  the  whole  of  the  curved  line  of  the 
temporal  bone;  to  the  posterior  edge  of  the  malar 
bone ;  to  the  superior  margin  of  the  zygomatic 
arch  ;  and  forms  an  envelope  for  the  temporal 
muscle. 

Temporal  Arteries,  Crot' ophite  Arteries,  are 
several:  —  L  The  7'empjoral  Ay-tery,  ^rojierlj  so 
called,  arises  from  the  outer  side  of  the  superior 
part  of  the  external  carotid.  It  ascends  between 
the  ramus  of  the  jaw,  the  meatus  auditorius  ex- 
ternus,  and  the  parotid  gland,  which  covers  it  as 
far  as  the  zygomatic  arch.  Above  this  it  becomes 
subcutaneous;  and,  when  it  has  attained  the 
middle  of  the  temporal  region,  it  divides  into  two 
branches;  the  one  anterior — A.  tempora'lis fron- 
ta'lis  seu  inter'iia  seu  ante'rior  j  the  other  poste- 
rior—  the  A.  temj-joralis  occipita'Us  seu  exter'na 
seu  supe'rior.  The  temporal  artery,  before  its 
division,  gives  off,  1.  Branches  to  the  parotid;  to 
the  joint  of  the  lower  jaw;  to  the  meatus  audi- 
torius, and  to  the  masseter.  2.  The  transverse 
artery  of  the  face.  .3.  The.  middle  fempioral,vih\Qh 
arises  beneath  the  cheek-bones,  and  traverses  the 
temporal  aponeurosis,  immediately  beneath  that 
bone.  II.  The  Deep)-seated  Tem'jiorals — A.  tern- 
pora'les  profun'dcB.  These  are  two  in  number. 
They  arise  from  the  internal  maxillary,  and  have 
been  distinguished,  from  their  position,  into  an- 
terior Bx\di  piosterior.  They  send,  their  principal 
divisions  to  the  temporal  muscle. 

Temporal  Bone,  Oh  lem'poris  seu  irmpora'le 
seu  arcua'le  seu  arma'le  seu  parteta'l?  iiiferiua 
seu  erot'ophum  seu  memen'to  mori  seu  mendo'- 
sum  seu  crot'aphit'icum  seu  lapido'sum,  is  seated 
at  the  lateral  and  inferior  part  of  the  cranium,  of 
which  it  forms  part;  and  contains,  within  it,  the 
special  organs  of  audition.  It  is  usually  divided 
into  three  portions  :  —  1.  The  squamous.  Pars 
squamo'sa,  Squama,  Lepis'ma,  Os  lepidoi'des  seu 
squamo'sum  seu  squamifor'me,  (F.)  Portion  ecail- 
leuse  on  sqitameuse.  2.  The  mastoid  portion,  and, 
3.  The  Petrous  portion.  Petrous  Proc"ess,  Pyr'- 
amis  trigo'na,  Os  lapide'um  seu  lajndo' sum  sen 
sax'eum  seu  petro'sum  seu  lithoides  seu  durum  seu 
prcBruptiB  rujji  assimila't>im  seu  nervale.  Pars  pe- 
tro'sa,  P. pyrantida'lis  ossis  tem'poris.  (F.)  Portion 
pierreuse,  Rocher,  Osp>etreux,  Apopjhyse  pyrami- 
dale,  A.  petree. 

It  ha.s,  Jirst,  an  auricular  or  external  face,  on 
which  is  a  surface  that  makes  part  of  the  tempo- 
ral fossa;  the  zygomatic  process  ;  the  glenoid  ca- 
vity ;  the  fissure  of  Glaser ;  the  meatus  audito- 
rius externus ;  the  mastoid  process ;  the  digas- 
tric groove;  the  canalis  caroticus ;  the  jugular 
fossa;  the  styloid  jjrocess ;  the  stylo-mnstoid fo- 
ramen, &c.  2.  A  cerebral  or  internal  surface, 
which  corresponds  to  the  cavity  of  the  cranium, 
and  on  which  is  the  Pars  ])etrosa,  the  hiatus  Fal- 
lopii,  the  meatus  auditorius  internus,  the  fissure 
of  the  aquceductus  vestibuU,  a  portion  of  the  gut- 
ter for  the  lateral  sinus,  &c.  3.  A  circumference, 
on  which  is  observed  the  orifice  of  the  bony  por- 
tion of  the  Eustachian  tube,  the  aquceductus 
cochlea;,  &c.  The  temporal  bone  is  articulated 
with  the  sphenoid,  occipital,  parietal,  malar,  and 
inferior  maxillary  bones.  It  is  developed  from 
five  points  of  ossification. 

Temporal  Fossa,  Fossa  tempora'lis,  is  an  ex- 
cavation, observed  at  each  side  of  the  head.  It 
is  filled  by  the  muscle  whose  name  it  bears,  and 
is  formed  by  the  temporal  and  sphenoid,  below  ; 
by  the  parietal  and  frontal  bones,  above ;  is 
separated,    by    a    transverse    crista,    from    the 


TEMPORO-A  URIC  UL  AIRE 


903 


TENSE UR 


fivgnraatic  fossa;  and  completed,  before,  by  the 
cheek-bone. 

Tejiporal  Muscle,  Tempora'lis,  Crotaphi'tes, 
(F.)  Arcadi-temporo  maxillaire,  Temporo  maxil- 
Inire  (Ch.),  is  a  broad,  flattened,  triangular  mus- 
cle, which  fills  the  temporal  fossa.  Its  fibres  are 
attached  to  the  temporal  aponeurosis  and  fossa  ; 
and  all  converge  into  a  strong  tendon,  which 
passes  under  the  zygomatic  arch,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  coronoid  process  of  the  lower  jaw.  This 
muscle  raises  the  lower  jaw,  and  applies  the  teeth 
against  each  other. 

Temporal  Nerves.  These  are  distinguished 
into  the  sxtperficial  temporal,  furnished  by  the 
■inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the  fifth  pair, behind 
the  condyle  of  the  jaw  ;  and  the  temporales  pro- 
fundi, —  anterior  and  posterior,  —  furnished  by 
the  same  nerve  at  its  exit  from  the  cranium. 
Soramering  has  given  the  name  temporal  to  the 
divisions  sent  by  the  facial  nerve  to  the  temporal 
regions. 

Temporal  Veins  were  formerly  called  ^toi 
or  Aetoi  Phlehes,  Aq'tn'IcB   YencE. 

TEMPORO-AURICULAIRE,  Attollens  au- 
rem. 

TEM'PORO  -  FA'CIAL,  Tern' poro-facia' lis. 
Belonging  to  the  temple  and  face. 

Temporo-facial  Nerve,  Newus  tempom-faci- 
a'Us.  A  branch  of  the  facial  nerve  distributed 
to  the  face  and  temple. 

TE3IP0R0-MAXILLAIRE,  Temporo- 
maxillary,  see  Temporal  muscle. 

TEMPORO-MAX'ILLARY,  Tern' poro-m axil- 
la'ris,  (F.)  Temporo-maxillaire.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  temporal  bone  and  lower  jaw. 

Temporo-Maxillary  Articulation  or  joint 
of  the  lower  jaw,  is  seated  between  the  glenoid 
cavity  and  transverse  process  of  the  temporal 
bone  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  condyle  of  the 
lower  jaw  on  the  other.  Two  thin  cartilages 
cover  the  surfaces  of  these  hones.  The  one  is 
common  to  the  transverse  process,  and  the  por- 
tion of  the  glenoid  cavity  anterior  to  the  fissure 
of  Glaser;  the  other  belongs  to  the  condyle. 
This  articulation  is  furnished  with  an  inter-arti- 
cular fibro-cartilage,  two  synovial  capsules,  and 
two  lateral  ligaments:  —  the  one  internal,  and 
the  other  external. 

Temporo-maxillart  Nerves  of  Bichat  are 
the  divisions  of  the  facial  nerve,  distributed  to 
the  temporal  and  maxillary  regions. 

TEMPUS,  Temple  —  t.  Interealare,  Apyrexia, 
Intermission. 

TEM'ULENCE,  Ehri'etas,  Ehrios'itas,  WetJii/i'- 
mus,  3feth'ysis,  Temulen' tia.  Tern' ulency ,  Inebria'- 
tion,  Intoxicn'tion,  PriinJc'ennens  : — from  wine, 
(Enophh/g"ia,  (Enoplilyx'is,  Vinolen'tia,  Vi'jio- 
lence,  (F.)  Ivresse ;  from  temetum,  fteS-v,  'wine,  any 
intoxicating  drink.'  Plater  gave  this  name  to 
delirium  ;  Ettmuller,  to  an  apoplectic  condition, 
depending  upon  drunkenness ;  the  Apoplex'ia 
Temiilen'ta  or  dead  drunkenness.  Commonly, 
Temidentia  is  used  synonymously  with  drunken- 
ness, 3Iethe ;  and  is  often  employed  in  the  de- 
scription of  diseases  to  indicate  a  state  resembling 
drunkenness.  Mania  e  Temnlentid  is  the  same 
as  Delirium  Tremens.  The  French  use  the  term 
Ivres-ie  for  drunkenness,  Tvrognerie  for  habitual 
drunkenness. 

TEMULENTIA,  Temulence. 

TENACULA,  Bone-nippers  — t.  Volsella,  For- 
ceps flithntomy). 

TENACULUM,  {t<>nax,lenncis,  'holding  fast,') 
from  tenen,  'I  hold.'  A  kind  of  fine  hook 
attached  to  a  handle  which  is  thrust  through  the 
parietes  of  a  blood-vessel  to  draw  it  out  and 
enable  it  to  be  tied. 

Tenaculum,  Assaltni's.  An  ingenious  instru- 
ment, invented  by  Assalini.     It  consists  of  a  for- 


ceps, or  double  tenaculum,  the  points  of  which 
are  fine,  sharp,  and  bifurcated,  so  as  to  be  readily 
received  into  each  other  when  the  instrument  is 
closed  on  the  artery,  which  it  is  by  a  spring.  It 
is  of  great  use  when  the  surgeon  has  no  assistant 
at  hand.  The  instrument  is  figured  in  S.  Cooper's 
"  First  Lines." 

TENAILLE  INCISIVE,  Bone-nippers. 

TENASMUS,  Tenesmus. 

TENDINES  CORONARI^,  Coronary  tendons. 

TEN'DINOUS,  Tendiito'sHS,  Tendin'exia, 
Sin'eicy,  (F.)  Tendineux,  from  tendo,  tendinis,  'a 
tendon.'  Pielating  or  appertaining  to,  or  having 
the  nature  of  tendons. 

TENDO,  Tendon  —  t.  Cordis  venosus,  Cireulus 
eallosus  Halleri. 

TENDON,  Tendo,  Pronerva'tio,  Tenon,  from 
TEivo),  tendo,  'I. stretch.'  Sinew,  Theic,  Leader, 
(Prov.)  Guider.  A  fibrous  cord,  more  or  less 
round,  long,  or  flattened  ;  of  a  white,  pearl  colour, 
and  composed  of  very  close  parallel  fibres.  The 
tendons  are  attached  to  the  bones,  by  one  ex- 
tremity; by  the  other,  they  receive  the  insertions 
of  the  fleshy  fibres  :  sometimes  they  aS'ord  attach- 
ment to  fleshy  fibres  at  both  ends;  —  as  in  the 
digastric  muscle.  The  tendons  must  be  con- 
sidered as  so  many  cords,  for  transmitting  the 
motion  of  muscles  to  the  bones  or  levers. 

TENDON  D'ACHILLE,  Achillis  tendo. 

Tendon,  Cordifoem,  of  the  Diaphragm,  Cen- 
ter, phrenic. 

TENDONS,  TWITCHING  OF  THE,  Sub- 
sultus  tendinum. 

TENEOTOMIA,  Tenotomy. 

TJENESME,  Tenesmus  — ^  de  V (Esophage, 
(Esophngismus  —  t.  Vesical,  Bradysuria. 

TENES'MUS,  Teines'mos,  Tenas'mus,  from 
reivo),  '  I  stretch.'  Proc'tiea  seu  Obstipa'tio 
Tenesmus,  Proctospas'mns,  Tinag'mus,  (F.)  Te~ 
nesme,  Epreintes.  Frequent,  vain  and  pfiinful 
desires  to  go  to  stool:  —  one  of  the  chief  symp- 
toms of  inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  digestive  tube,  as  of  dysentery. 

Tenesmus  Vesicae,  Bradysuria  —  t.  Vesicae 
mucnsus,  Cystirrhoea. 

TENETTES,  Forceps  (craniotomy). 

TENIA,  Tfenia. 

TENNESSEE',  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
On  the  waters  of  the  French  Broad  River,  in  this 
State,  is  a  large,  clear,  thermal  spring.  The  heat 
is  so  great  that,  on  first  going  into  the  water,  it 
is  almost  insupportable. 

TENON,  Tendon. 

TENONT'AGRA,  from  rtvui/,  tcvovtos,  'ten- 
don,' and  aypar  '  seizure.'  A  variety  of  gout, 
which  affects  the  tendinous  parts  of  muscles,  or 
the  tendinous  ligaments  which  strengthen  certain- 
articulations. 

TENONTOTOMIA,  Tenotomy. 

TENONTOTRO'TI,  from  rtvoiv,  rtvovro;,  'ten- 
don,' and  TLTpw<TK(i>,  'I  wound.'  They  who  are 
wounded  in  the  tendons.  —  Galen. 

TENOSYNI'TIS,  Tenosynovi'tis  [?],  (F.)  Te- 
nosyiiite.  An  imperfectly  formed  term,  from 
Ttvav,  'a  tendon,'  syn,  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  synovial  sheath  of 
a  tendon. 

TENOTOME,  Tenet' om us  ;  same  etymon  as 
the  next.  An  instrument  for  dividing  tendons, 
especially  by  the  subcutaneous  method. 

TENOT'OMY,  Tenotom'io,  Teneotom'ia,  Tenon- 
totom'ia,  Sec'tio  seu  Dissec'tio  ten'dinum,  (F.)  Te- 
notomie,  from  revav,  'a  tendon,'  and  ru/juj.  'in- 
cision.' The  operation  of  dividing  a  tendon, 
often  practised  for  the  removal  of  loxarthrus,  oi 
deviation  of  the  joints  —  as  in  club-foot. 

TENSE  UR  DE  L'APONEVROSE  FE  .MO- 
RALE, Fascia  lata  muscle. 


TENSION 


904 


TERES 


TEN'SION,  Ten'sio,  Tensu'rn,  Tasis,  Bint'ash, 
Enton'ia,  {Entonia  is,  also,  used  for  over-tension,) 
Conten'sio,  Disten'sio,  from  tendere,  tensum,  '  to 
stretch.'  State  of  a  part,  which  is  stretched, 
when  its  textures  are  distended  by  the  afflux 
of  fluids,  or  the  accumulation  of  gas ;  or  when 
its  fibres  are  drawn,  as  it  were,  in  an  opposite 
direction,  and  are,  consequently,  more  resisting 
than  usual. 

TENSIVE,    Tensi'vus,    Tono'des,    (F.)    Tensif. 
Same  etymon.     Accompanied  by  tension  or  by  a 
feeling  of  tension  —  as  a  '  tensive  pain.' 
'  TENSOR  CHOROIDE^,  Ciliary  muscle— t. 
Palati,  Circumflexus  musculus. 

Tensok  Tarsi.  A  small  muscle,  belonging  to 
the  inner  commissure  of  the  eyelids,  well  de- 
scribed by  Professor  Horner,  of  Philadelphia,  and 
hence  termed  IJuscle  of  Horner.  It  is  about 
three  lines  broad  and  six  long;  arises  from  the 
posterior  flat  surface  of  the  os  unguis,  near  its 
junction  with  the  ethmoid  bone,  and  passes  for- 
wards and  outwards,  lying  on  the  posterior  face 
of  the  lachrymal  ducts.  As  it  approaches  the 
commissure  of  the  lids,  it  splits  into  two  nearly 
equal  parts,  each  of  which  is  appropriated  to  a 
duct,  and  inserted  along  its  course,  almost  to  the 
punctum  lacrymale.  Its  chief  office  seems  to  be, 
to  influence  the  position  of  the  punctum  lacrymale, 
and  to  regulate  the  course  of  the  tears  through 
the  lachrymal  ducts. 

Tensor  Tym'pani,  Inter'nus.  Anris,  Tnternus 
Mal'lei,  (F.)  Salpingo-malleen.  A  small  muscle, 
which  arises  from  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  the  cartilage  of  the  Eustachian 
tube,  and  terminates  by  a  tendon,  which  is  re- 
flected over  the  processus  cochleaformis,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  apophysis  of  the  handle  of  the 
malleus. 

Tknsor  VagiNjE  Femokis,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 
TENSURA,  Tension. 
TENSUS,  Penis. 

TENT,  Tenta,  Turun'da,  and  its  diminutive, 
Tiirnn'dula,  Penic'ulns,  Penicil'lus,  Penicil'lmn, 
Mutos,  Leinnie'cns,  Licin'ium,  (F.)  Tente,  Meclie, 
from  tendere,  tensum  or  tentum,  'to  stretch.'  In 
surgery,  tents  are  small  rolls  of  lint,  of  a  cylin- 
drical or  pyramidal  shape,  which  are  introduced 
into  wounds  and  deep  ulcers,  to  prevent  them 
from  closing  before  they  are  filled  up  from  the 
bottoin.  Tents  are  sometimes,  also,  made  of  pre- 
pared sponge,  gentian  root,  &o.  They  are  not  so 
much  used  as  they  formerly  were. 

TENTACULARIA,'Filaria  hominis  bron- 
chiiilis. 

TENTACULUM  CEREBELLI,  Tentorium. 
TENTA'MEN  MED'ICUM.  'A  medical  trial.' 
From  tenfare,  '  to  try.'  An  examination  in  medi- 
cine, in  the  Prussian  universities,  which  is  con- 
ducted both  in  writing  and  viva  voce  before  the 
Dean  of  the  Medical  Faculty. 

TENTE,  Tent  — ?.  dii  Cervelet,  Tentorium. 
TENTIGO    VENEREA,    Nymphomania  — t. 
Veretri,  Satyriasis. 

TENTIPBL'LUM,  from  tendere,  tensum.  or 
tentum,  'to  stretch,'  and  pellis,  'the  skin.'  Ancient 
name  of  a  cosmetic,  with  which,  it  was  pretended, 
wrinkles  could  be  effaced. 

TENTO'RIUM,  T.  cerelel'lo  super-exfen'sum, 
T.  cerehelli.  Teniae' uliim  cerehelU,  Septum  euceph'- 
ali,  Dia]}hrag'mn  cerebri,  Intersejj'ta  horizonta'- 
lia  Pacchio'ni,  Proces'sus  transver'sus  durcB  ma- 
tris.  Lateral  Processes  of  the  Dura  3Iater,  Trans- 
verse septum,  (F.)  Tente  du  cervelet,  Plancher  du 
Cerveau, Septum  transverse  (Ch. ),  from  tendere,  ten- 
sum  or  tentum,  'to  stretch.'  A  process  of  the  dura 
mater,  which  separates  the  cerebrum  from  the 
cerebellum.  It  extends  from  the  internal  hori- 
zontal spine  of  the  occipital  bone,  directly  for- 
wards to  the  sella  Turcica  of  the  sphenoid. 


Tentorium  Cerebelli,  Tentorium. 

TENTUM,  Penis. 

TENTWORT,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

TENUIS  MATER,  Pia  mater. 

TENUITAS  AQUOSA,  Pra?dominium  aquae. 

TEPHRO'SIA  APOLLINE'A,  Gale'ga  Apol- 
line'a  of  Egypt  and  Nubia.  Order,  Legurainosse. 
The  leaves  are  often  found  mixed  with  senna. 

Tephrosia  PCrpu'rea,  Gale'ga  purpu'rea  of 
the  coast  of  Coromandel.  The  root  is  bitter,  and 
a  decoction  of  it  is  prescribed  by  the  native  doc- 
tors in  dj'spepsia,  lientery,  and  tj'mpanites. 

Tephrosia  Senna.  The  leaves  are  used  for 
senna  by  the  people  of  Popayan. 

Tephrosia  Toxica'ria,  Gale'ga  toxica'ria  of 
Cayenne.  The  leaves  are  used  for  poisoning 
fish.  It  has  been  suggested  as  a  substitute  for 
digitalis. 

Tephrosia  Virginiana,  Galega  Virginiana. 

TEPIDARIUM,  see  Stove. 

TEPLITZ,  Tciplitz. 

TERAS,  Monster. 

TERATOG"ENY,  Teratogen'ia,  from  rtpaf, 
Ttparog,  'a  monster,'  and  yevcaii,  'generation.' 
The  formation  of  monsters. 

TERATOL'OGY,  Tera1olog"ia,  from  rtgag, 
TcpuTos,  'a  monster,'  and  ^oyo;,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  monsters. 

TERATOSIS,  see  Monster. 

TERCERON,  see  Mulatto  — t.  Black,  see  Mu- 
latto. 

TEREBELLA,  Trepan. 

TEREBELLUM.  A  name  given  by  Duges  to 
a  perforator,  Perce  crane,  of  his  invention. 

TEREBENTHINE,  Terebinthina— f.  de  Bor- 
deaux, see  Pinus  sylvestris—  t.  de  Ohio,  see  Pis- 
tacia  terebinthus  —  t.  de  Copahu,  Copaiba  —  t. 
Commune,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  d'Egypte,  see 
Amyris  opobalsamum  —  t.  de  Gilead,  see  Amyris 
opobalsamum  —  <.  rfi(  Grand  Caire,  see  Amyris 
opobalsamum  —  t.  de  Judee,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum —  t.  de  3Ieleze,  see  Pinus  larix. 

TEREBENTHINE,  Terebinth  in  ate. 

TEREBIN'THINA,  from  rcp^iv^os,  or  repcfiiv- 
Sog,  'the  turpentine  tree.'  Tur'pentine,  Botin, 
Albotim,  Altilibat,  Brutino,  (F.)  Terebenthine.  A 
substance,  of  the  consistence  of  honey,  which 
flows  from  many  trees  of  the  terebinthacese  and 
conifer*  families.  It  is  viscid;  shining:  more 
or  less  transparent;  inflammable;  of  a  warm, 
pungent  taste ;  strong  smell ;  and  is  entirely 
composed  of  resin  and  essential  oil,  without  ben- 
zoic acid.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol.  See  Turpen- 
tine, Pinus  palustris  and  Pinus  sylvestris.  All 
the  turpentines  are  stimulant,  diuretic,  and  ca- 
thartic. 

Terebinthina  Argentoratensis,  see  Pinus 
picea  —  t.  Balsamea,  see  Pinus  balsamea  —  t.  Ca- 
nadensis, see  Pinus  balsamea  —  t.  Chia,  see  Pis- 
tacia  terebinthus — t.  Communis,  see  Pinus  syl- 
vestris—  t.  Cypria,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t. 
Empyreumatica,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Larici- 
na,  see  Pinus  larix — t.  Veneta,  see  Pinus  larix — 
t.  Vera,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus — t.  Vulgaris,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  de  Venise,  see  Pinus  larix. 

TEREBIN'THINATE,    Terebinthina' tus,   (F.) 
Terebenthine.    Having  the  qualities  of  turpentine. 
TEREBINTHUS,  Terminthus— t.  Gummifera, 
Bursera  gummifera — t.  Lentiscus,   Pistacia  len- 
tiscus  —  t.  Vulgaris,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 
TEREBRA,  Trepan. 
TEREBRATIO,  Trepanning. 
TEREDO  OSSIUM,  Caries,  Spina  ventosa. 
TERES,  Stron'gylus,   Cylindroi' des  '  long  and 
round,'  from  tero,  '  to  rub,'  quasi  'rubbed  smooth 
or  round.'    An  epithet  given  to  many  organs,  the 
fibres  of  which  are  collected  into  round  fasciculi. 
I      Teres     Ligamen'tum,    (F.)    Ligament    rond. 


TERESIS 


905 


TESTICLE 


This  name  is  given  to  the  round  ligament  in  the 
cotyloid  cavity  of  the  os  innominatum,  which 
is  attached  to  the  head  of  the  bone,  and  to  the 
bottom  of  the  cavity.  It  is,  also,  given  to  a 
small  fibrous  fascia,  which  extends  from  the  co- 
ronoid  process  of  the  ulna  to  below  the  bicipital 
tubercle  of  the  radius. 

Teres  Major,  (F.)  Anguli-scapulo-humh-al, 
Scapiilo-Jiicmeral  (Ch.),  Grand  rond,  is  situate  at 
the  inferior  and  posterior  part  of  the  shoulder. 
It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  outer  sur- 
face of  the  scapula;  to  the  corresponding  part  of 
its  axillary  margin  ;  and,  on  the  other,  to  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  bicipital  groove  of  the 
humerus.  It  carries  the  arm  backwards  and 
inwards,  and  carries  it,  also,  inwards  in  rotation. 
When  it  acts  with  the  longissimus  dorsi  and  pec- 
toralis  major,  it  applies  the  arm  against  the  late- 
ral part  of  the  chest,  and  keeps  it  forcibly  there. 

Teres  Minor,  Nanus  hu'meri  Placenti'ni,  (F.) 
Le  plus  petit  sus-scapido-trochiterien  (Ch.),  Petit 
rond,  Margim-sus-scapido-trochitin'en,  is  situ- 
ate at  the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
shoulder ;  it  is  narrow  and  flattened,  from  above 
to  below,  in  its  inner  half;  and,  from  before  to 
behind,  in  the  outer.  It  is  attached,  on  the  one 
part,  to  the  outer  surface  of  the  scapula,  near  its 
inferior  angle  ;  and,  on  the  other,  to  the  inferior 
part  of  the  great  tuberosity  of  the  humerus.  It 
depresses  the  arm,  and  causes  it  to  turn  on  its 
axis  from  within  outwards.  It  also  carries  it 
backwards. 

TERESIS,  Observation. 

TERETRIUM,  Trepan. 

TERETRON,  Trepan. 

TERGAL,  Dorsal. 

TERGEMINL  Trigemini. 

TERGUM,  Dorsum,  Vertebral  column. 

TERMINALIA,  see  Myrobalanus. 

TERMINOLOGY,  Nomenclature. 

TERMIN'THUS,  Terehin'thus,  from  rtp^iv^os, 
'the  turpentine  tree.'  Phyma  Anthrax,  Termin- 
thus,  Berry  or  Fungous  carbuncle.  The  ancients 
gave  this  name  to  a  tumour,  surmounted  by  a 
black  pustule,  and  resembling  the  fruit  of  the 
turpentine  tree. 

Terminthus,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

TERMINUS  SUPERIOR  ASPERiE  ARTE- 
RI^,  Larynx. 

TERMONOLOGT,  Nomenclature. 

TERMS,  Menses. 

TERRA  ABSORBENS  MINERALIS,  Magne- 
siee  earbonas — t.  Aluminis,  Argilla  pura — t.  Ama- 
ra  aerata,  Magnesise  earbonas — t.  Amara  sulphu- 
rica,  Magnesise  sulphas  —  t.  Argillacea  hydrata, 
Argilla  pura — t.  Argillacea  pura,  Argilla  pura — t. 
Bolaris,  Argilla  pura  —  t.  Foliata,  Sulphur  —  t. 
Foliata  mineralis.  Soda  aeetata — t.  Foliata  tartari, 
Potassae  acetas  —  t.  Fornacum,  see  Bricks  —  t. 
Fullonica,  Cimolia  purpurescens  —  t.  Japonica, 
Catechu,  Nauclea  gambir. 

Terra  Lem'nia,  Lemp'nias,  Argilla  hohis  flava, 
Lem'ninn  Earth.  A  name  given  .by  the  ancients 
to  a  solid,  reddish,  astringent,  substance,  pre- 
pared with  the  pulp  of  the  fruit  of  the  Baobab, 
an  African  tree,  according  to  Prosper  Alpinus. 
It  seems,  however,  to  be  an  argillaceous  earth. 
It  has  been  employed  as  an  astringent. 

Terra  Livon'ica.  A  terra  sigilla'ta  or  sealed 
earth  from  Livonia,  redder  than  that  from  Silesia, 
and  very  astringent. 

Terra  Merita,  Curcuma  longa. 

Terra  Noceria'na.  A  whitish,  soft,  and  as- 
tringent earth,  found  in  the  environs  of  Nocera, 
in  Italy. 

Terra  Orlea'na,  Pigmen'tum  urucii,  Urticu, 
(F.j  Rocoii,  Roucou,  Bichet.  A  pigmental  matter 
obtained  from  the  seeds  of  Bixa  Orleana  seu 
Orella'na    seu  America'na,    Orella'na,    Orlea'na. 


In  Jamaica,  it  is  recommended  in  dysentery,  and 
is  considered  to  possess  astringent  and  stomachic 
qualities.  It  is  called,  according  to  its  shape, 
Flag,  Boll,  or  Egg  Annotto. 

Spanish  Annotto,  Bixa,  is  in  small,  oblong 
cakes.  It  is  chiefly  employed  as  a  colouring 
matter. 

Terra  Os'sea,  Jfate'ria  ossea.  Bony  matter. 
The  earthy  portion  of  bones. 

Terra  Ponderosa,  Baryta — t.  Ponderosa  mu- 
riata,  Baryta,  muriate  of — t.  Ponderosa  salita. 
Baryta,  muriate  of —  t.  Saponaria,  Cimolia  pur- 
purescens. 

Terra  Portugal'lica,  Barros,  Bucaros.  A 
reddish,  astringent,  stj'ptic  earth,  obtained  from 
Portugal. 

Terra  Sigilla'ta,  Sealed  Earth.  A  bole  or 
earthy  matter,  made  into  little  cakes  or  flat 
masses,  and  stamped  with  certain  impressions,  as 
with  the  head  of  the  Grand  Seignior.  To  these 
belong  the  Terra  Sileeiaca,  Terra  Lemnia,  T. 
Turcica.     See  Bole  and  Bolus  alba. 

Terra  Silesiaca,  see  Terra  sigillata  —  t.  Tal- 
cosa  oxyanthracodes,  Magnesias  earbonas  —  t. 
Turcica,  see  Terra  sigillata. 

Terra  Uri'n^.  The  earthy  deposit  in  the 
urine. 

Terra  Vitrioli  Dulcis,  Colcothar. 

TERR^  SIGILLATiE,  see  Bole,  Bolus  alba, 
and  Terra  sigillata. 

TERRAPIN,  Emys  palustris. 

TERRE  BOLAIRE,  Bolus  — <.  2[agnesienne, 
Magnesiae  earbonas  —  t.  Noix,  Bunium  bulbocas- 
tanum  —  t.  Pesante,  Baryta — t.  Sigillee,  Bolus 
alba. 

TERRETTE,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

TERTIAN  FEVER,  Fehris  tertia'na,  An'etus 
tertianns,  Tritas'us,  Tertian  or  Third  Day  Ague, 
Third  Bay  Fever,  (F.)  Fievre  tierce,  from  terlius, 
'  the  third.'  An  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms 
recur  every  third  day,  or  every  48  hours.  The 
mildest,  and  the  most  pernicious,  intermittents 
belong  to  this  head.  As  a  general  rule,  it  is  the 
most  manageable  form  of  ague. 

A  double  tertian,  (F.)  JJouble  tierce  (Fievre), 
has  a  paroxysm  every  day,  —  the  paroxysms  of 
alternate  days  being  associated. 

TERTIANARIA,  Scutellaria  galericulata. 

TESSARA,  Cuboid. 

TESSELLA,  Tabella. 

TEST,  DANIEL'S,  see  Doeimasia  pulmonum 
—  t.  Hydrostatic,  see  Doeimasia  pulmonum  —  t. 
Ploucquet's,  see  Doeimasia  pulmonum — t.  Static, 
see  Doeimasia  pulmonum. 

TESTA,  ('a  shell,')  see  Ostrea  — t.  Ovi,  see 
Membrana  putaminis. 

Testa  Pr^epara'ta,  Prepaied  Oyster-shell. 
Oyster-shell,  freed  from  extraneous  matter,washed 
with  boiling  water,  reduced  to  powder,  and  pre- 
pared in  the  same  manner  as  Creta  prajparata. 

TESTA'CEOUS,  Testa'ceus,  (F.)  Testace,  from 
testa,  'a  shell.'  A  powder,  consisting  of  burnt 
shells.  These  contain  carbonate  of  lime  chiefly, 
and  hence  the  term  has  been  applied  to  creta- 
ceous substances.     See  Creta. 

TEST^  FORNACE^,  Bricks— t.  Ostrea3,  see 
Ostrea. 

TESTES.  The  Testicles,  see  Testicle.  Vulgar- 
Ij',  the  Stones.  A  name,  also,  given  to  the  infe- 
rior tubercles  of  the  corpora  quadrigemina,  to  dis- 
tinguish them  from  the  superior,  called  Kates. 

Testes  Cerebri,  see  Quadrigemina  corpora. 

TES'TICLE,  Testis,  T.  viri'lis,  Testic'ulua, 
Orchis,  Pomum  amo'ris,  Did'yvius,  Her'nia,  Gem'- 
ini  (pi.),  Gemelli  (pi.).  Ovum,  (F.)  Tes-iicide,  from 
testis,  'a  witness;'  because  the  testicles  are  evi- 
dences of  virility.  The  name  of  two  glandular 
organs,  contained  in  the  scrotum,  whose  ofliee  is 
to  secrete  sperm.     The  substance  of  the  testicle 


TESTICONDUS 


906 


TEUCRIUM   GRETICUM 


consists  of  numerous  conical,  flattened  lobules  — 
loh'uli  testis  —  whose  bases  are  directed  towards 
the  surface  of  the  organ,  and  the  apices  towards 
the  corpus  Highmorianum.  They  are  formed  of 
a  gray  and  softish  substance,  composed  of  tor- 
tuous canals,  called  Tu'buli  seu  Canalic'uli  semi- 
iiif'eri  seu  semina'les,  Vasa  semina'lia,  Vas'ciila 
serpenti'na,  folded  on  each  other,  and  of  extreme 
fineness  ;  the  number  of  which,  according  to  the 
estimate  of  Monro,  is  62,500,  and  the  total  length 
5,208  feet.  All  these  canals,  uniting  in  their 
course,  pass  through  the  corpus  Highmorianum, 
concur  in  forming  the  epididymis,  and  give  origin 
to  the  ras  deferens.  The  testicles  are  covered, 
immediately,  by  a  fibrous  membrane,  of  an  opake 
white  colour,  and  very  tough,  called  Tu'nica  Al- 
hugin'ea,  or,  simply,  Albugin'ea,  Perites'tis,  (F.) 
Feridldi/me,  of  which  the  corpus  Highmorianum 
is  onlj'  an  enlargement.  Over  this,  again,  is  the 
tunica  vaginalis,  the  second  envelope  of  the 
testis. 

Testicle,  Swelled,  Hernia  humoralis. 

TESTICONDUS,  Crypsorchis. 

TESTICULAR,  resiicdZa'rj's,  (F  )  Testiculaire. 
Belonffing  or  relating  to  the  testicle. 

TESTICULE,  Testicle. 

TESTICULUS,  Testicle  — L  Accessorius,  Epi- 
didj-mis^ — t.  Caninus,  Orchis  mascula. 

TESTIMO'XIUM  MATURITA'TIS.  'Evi- 
dence of  fitness.'  A  certificate  of  complete  edu- 
cation, required,  in  the  Prussian  universities,  of 
a  candidate,  before  he  can  be  admitted  to  exami- 
nation for  the  deeree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine. 

TESTIS  FEMINEUS,  Ovary  — t.  Irritable, 
Orehidalgia  —  t.  Minor,  Prostate  —  t.  Muliebris, 
Ovary — t.  Yirilis,  Testicle. 

TESTUDINATIO  CRAjSTII,  Camarosis. 

TESTU'DO,  CheWne,  (F.)  Tortue.  A  genus 
of  reptiles,  including  the  turtle,  the  flesh  of  which 
is  much  esteemed  as  an  article  of  diet. 

Also,  an  encysted  tumour,  which  has  been  sup- 
posed to  resemble  the  shell  of  a  turtle;  Empliy'- 
ma  enci/s'tis  gcnig'lioii.     See  Talpa. 

Testcdo  Cerebri,  Fornix  —  t.  Scapula,  see 
Scapula. 

TET,  Nipple. 

TET'ANIC,  Tetan'icum,  Spas'ticum,  Convulsi'- 
vum,  Coiivul'stve,  (F.)  Tetanique,  from  reivu),  '1 
stretch.'  A  remedy,  which  acts  on  the  nerves, 
and,  through  them,  on  the  muscles,  occasioniog, 
in  large  doses,  convulsions.  The  chief  agents  of 
this  class  are  J\lix  Voynica,  Strychnia,  Brucia, 
Arnica,  and  Toxicodendron. 

Also,  an  epithet  for  a  tonic  convulsion. 

TETANINE,  Strychnia. 

TETANOMATA,  Tetanothra. 

TETANO'THRA,  Tetmwm'ata,  Erngato'ria, 
from  -erai'ug,  'free  from  wrinkles.'  Medicines 
which  remove  wrinkles.  —  Gorrseus. 

TETANOS,  Tetanus. 

TET'ANUS,  from  tuvw,  'I  stretch.'  Spasm 
with  rigidity,  Convtd'sio  In'dica,  Holoton'ia,  Eo- 
loton'iciis,  Holotef  anus,  Tet'anus  iiniversa'lis,  Bi- 
gor  nervo'-ius  seu  nervo'riim,  Exten'sio  seu  Dis- 
ten'sio,  Enta'sia  tetanus,  Cat'ochus  cervi'nus  seu 
holoton' ieus,  (P.)  Tetanos,  3fal  de  cerf.  A  dis- 
ease which  consists  in  a  permanent  contraction 
of  all  the  muscles  or  merely  of  some,  without 
alternations  of  relaxation.  It  is  characterized  by 
closure  of  the  jaws;  difficulty  or  impracticability 
of  deglutition;  rigidity  and  immobility  of  the 
limbs  and  trunk,  which  is  sometimes  curved  for- 
wards (Emprosthot'onos),  sometimes  backwards 
fOpicthot'onos),  and  sometimes  to  one  side  {Pleu- 
roiJwt'ono-^).  When  tetanus  is  confined  to  the 
muscles  of  the  jaws,  it  is  called  Trismus.  It  is 
a  most  formidable  affection.  The  means  of  treat- 
ment are.  —  copious  and  repeated  blood-letting; 


bathing,  cold  and  warm  ;  powerful  doses  of  opium, 
and  other  narcotics.  In  Traumat'ic  Tetanus,  or 
that  which  supervenes  on  a  wound,  every  extra- 
neous matter  must,  of  course,  be  removed  from 
the  wound,  and  soothing  applications  be  made 
to  it. 

Tetanus  Anticus,  Emprosthotonos  —  t.  Dolo- 
rificus,  Cramp  —  t.  Dorsalis,  Opisthotonos  —  t. 
Lateralis,  Pleurothotonos  —  t.  Maxillae  inferioris. 
Trismus  —  t.  Posterganeus,  Opisthotonos  —  t. 
Posticus,  Opisthotonos  —  t.  Universalis,  see  Te- 
tanus. 

TETART^US,  Quartan. 

TETARTOPHPA,  from  TiTapro?,  'the  fourth,' 
and  (pxiia,  'I  arise.'  Quarta'nus  remit'tens.  A 
quartan,  in  which  the  intermission  is  inordinately 
short  or  imperfect. 

T£:TE,  Caput,  Head  —  ?,  de  Vcau,  Elephanti- 
asis of  the  Greeks. 

TETRADRACH'MON,  from  rsTpas,  'four,' and 
SpaxM,  'a  drachm.'  A  weight  of  four  drachms 
or  half  an  ounce. 

TETRAGONUS,  Platysma  myoides. 

TETRAHIT  LONGIFLORUM,  Galeopsis 
grandiflora. 

TETRAMY'RON,  from  rsTpas,  'four,'  and  ,,v- 
pov,  'an  ointment.'  An  ointment  of  four  ingre- 
dients.—  Galen. 

TETRANGURIA,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

TETRANTHERA  PICHURIM,  Pichurim 
beans. 

TETRA'O  COTUR'NIX,  Cotumix,  the  Quail, 
(F.)  CaiUe;  Class,  Aves ;  Ord.  Gallinacese.  The 
quail  is  an  esteemed  article  of  diet.  The  Greek 
name  is  oprv^,  oprvyog;  and  the  places,  called 
Ortygia,  are  named  after  it.  The  excrements  of 
the  quail  were  formerly  extolled  in  epilepsy,  and 
the  fat  in  specks  of  the  eye. 

TETRAPHAR'MACUM,  from  rtrpa;,  'four,' 
and  (fiap/iaKov,  'a  medicine.'  A  medicine  consist- 
ing of  four  ingredients. 

TETRAS'CELUS,  from  rerpa,  'four,'  and  ckc- 
Aof,  '  leg.'     A  monster  having  four  legs. — Gurlt. 

TETROB'OLON.  The  weight  of  four  oboli, 
or  two  scruples.  —  Gorrasus. 

TETROROS,  Astragalus. 

TETTER,  Herpes  — t.  Crusted,  Impetigo  — t. 
Honeycomb,  Porrigo  favosa  —  t.  Humid,  Eczema 
impetigo  —  t.  Milky,  Porrigo  larvalis  —  t.  Pustu- 
lar, Impetigo  —  t.  Running,  Impetigo  —  t.  Scaly, 
Psoriasis. 

TETTERWORT,  Chelidonium  majus. 

TEUCRIUM  ^GYPTIACUM,  T.  capitatum 
—  t.  Belium,  T.  capitatum. 

Teucrium  Capita'tum,  T.  Bel'ium  seu  JEgyp- 
ti'acum,  Po'lium  Capita'tum,  Foley  Jfountain  of 
Montpel'lier,  Ord.  Labiatae,  is,  generallj',  substi- 
tuted for  T.  chaniffidrys.  The  common  Foley 
Mountain,  is  the  Teucrium  vionta'num;  and  the 
Golden  Foley  Mountain,  the  Teucrium  Po'lium, 
Po'lion. 

Teu'crium  Cham^'drts,  T.  officina'le,  Clia- 
mcedrys,  C.  minor  repens  seu  vulga'ris,  Quer'cula 
minor  seu  Calamandri'na,  Trissa'go,  Chamm'- 
drops,  Trixa'go,  Common,  Creeping  or  Small  Ger- 
mander, English  Treacle,  (¥.)  Petit  chene,  Chi- 
nette,  Germandree  officinale.  This  is  possessed 
of  aromatic  and  bitter  properties.  The  dose  of 
the  dried  powder  is  from  gss  to  ^j. 

Teucrium  Cham^p'itvs,  Chamcspitys,  Arthet'- 
ica,  Arthretica,  Aju'ga,  A.  seu  Bu'gula  Chama'- 
pitys,  Ahiga,  Chamamo'rus,  Iva  arthrit'ica,  Ho- 
loc'yron,  lo'nia,  Sideri'tis,  Common  Groundpine, 
(P.)  Petite  Ivetle.  Properties  like  the  last.  The 
tops  and  leaves  have  been  recommended  as  ape- 
rients and  tonics;  especially  in  female  obstruc- 
tions, and  in  paralytic  disorders. 

Teucrium  Cret'icum,  T.  hyssopifo'Uum  seu 
Bosmarinifo' Hum,  Bosmari' nus  stce'chadis  facie. 


TEXTUM   INTEKLOBULARE       907  THEBESIUS,    VEINS   OF 


.p.  'vy-niountnin  of  Oandy,  Po'lium  Cret'icwn. 
The  tops  and  whole  herb  enter  into  the  old  com- 
pounds, Mithvidnte  and  Theriaca.  It  has  a  mo- 
derately aromatic  smell;  and  a  nauseous,  bitter 
taste,  and  is  placed  among  the  aperients  and  cor- 
roborants. 

Teucridm  Flavum  has  similar  properties  to 
T.  chamtedrys. 

TEUCRinM  Hyssoptfolidm,  T.  Creticum. 

TeuCRIUM  Iva,  Chamw'pitijs  moscha'ta,  Iva,  I. 
moscJia'ta  3[rms2')elien'sium,  Chamaipitya  anthyl'- 
lus,  French  Groundpine,  (F.)  Ivette  musquee.  It 
has  similar  virtues  to  T.  Chamsepitys,  but  is 
weaker. 

Teucrium  Maritimum,  T.  Marum. 

Teucrium  Marum,  T.  marWimnm,  Bfarum  Sy- 
riacum  seu  Cret'iciim  seu  verum  seu  Cortii'si,  3Ia- 
jora'na  Syr'iaca,  Chama'drys  incu'na  marit'tma 
seu  marum,  Orig'anum  Syrincum,  Marum  ger- 
mander, Syrinn  herb  mastlch,  Cat  thyme,  (F.) 
Marum  ou  Germandree  maritime,  Herhe  cnix  chats. 
A  very  aromatic  plant,  of  a  camphorated  smell : 
formerly  much  used  in  medicine  as  a  tonic,  anti- 
spasmodic, emmenagogue,  &e. 

Teucrium  Officinale,  T.  chamasdrys — t.  Pa- 
lustre,  T.  scordium  —  t.  Pyramidale,  Ajuga  —  t. 
Rosmarinifolium,  T.  Creticum. 

Teucrium  Scor'dium,  T.  p>alu8'tre,  Scordium, 
Trissu'go  pahis'trie,  Chamcsdrys  palnslris  seu 
scor'dium,  Al'lium  red'olens.  Water  Germander, 
(F.)  Germandree  scorodone,  Sauge  des  hois,  Ger- 
mandree aquatique.  The  leaves  have  a  garlicky 
smell,  and  bitterish,  slightly  pungent  taste.  It 
has  the  tonic  properties  of  the  other  Teucria. 

TEXTUM  INTEKLOBULARE,  Interlobular 
tissue. 

TEXTUKA,  Texture— t.  Organica,  Histos. 

TEX'TURAL.  Same  etymon  as  Texture. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  a  texture. 

TEXTURE,  Te:vtu'ra,  Textus,  from  texere,  tex- 
tum,  'to  weave.'  Tela,  Hypha,  Hyphe.  The  par- 
ticular arrangement  of  the  tissues  that  constitute 
an  organ. 

TEXTUS,  Texture,  Tissue— t.  Cellulosus,  Cel- 
lular tissue  —  t.  Desmosus,  Desmoid  tissue  —  t. 
Erectilis,  Erectile  texture — t.  Nervorum,  Plexus 
nervorum  —  t.  Organious,  Cellular  tissue — t.  Pa- 
pillaris, Corpus  papillare — t.  Parench3'malis,  Cel- 
lular tissue. 

TH^EIA,  Radzyge. 

THAL'AMUS,  ^uXa/wf,  (F.)  Gouche.  'A  room 
or  chamber;  a  bed.'  The  place  at  which  a  nerve 
originates,  or  has  been  considered  to  originate. 

•Thal'ami  Nervo'rum  Optico'rum  seu  Op'- 
TICI,  Eminen'ticB  magna  cer'ehri,  Ganglia  cerebri 
posti'ca.  Crura  medul'la  ohlonga'tcR  (of  some), 
Stria'ta  cor'pora  super'na  posterio'ra,  Collic'idi 
nervo'rum.  optico'rum.  Optic  thal'ami,  Posterior 
cer'ehral  gan'glion,  (F.)  Couches  des  nerfs  oc.ii- 
laires  (Ch.),  C.  des  nerfs  optiques,  C.  optlqiiea. 
Two  rounded  and  irregular  surfaces,  which  are 
seen  exposed  in  the  lateral  ventricles  of  the  brain, 
and  in  the  third  ventricle,  the  inferior  surface  of 
which  presents  two  projections,  called  Corpora 
genicida'ta,  that  furnish  several  filaments  to  the 
optic  nerves.  The  name  was  given  from  a  belief 
that  the  optic  nerves  originate  from  them.  They, 
however,  arise  more  posteriori}',  and  adhere  merely 
to  the  inner  margin  of  those  bodies.  Gall  consi- 
ders, that  the  thalami  act  as  ganglions  to  the 
nerves;  and,  hence,  he  calls  them  Grand  ganglion 
cerebral  inferienr.  They  are,  also,  called  Poste- 
rior ganglion  of  the  cerebrum.  Prom  the  thalami 
and  corpora  striata  fibres  proceed  upwards  to  con- 
stitute the  convolutions  of  the  brain,  and  the 
various  bands  that  connect  the  difiFerent  parts  of 
the  brain  together.  The  upper  and  inner  parts 
of  the  thalami  are  so  closely  connected  as  to  form 
one  continued  surface,  called  Commiesu' ra  mollis. 


The  posterior  parts  turn  downwards  and  out- 
wards; after  which  they  are  elongated  to  form 
the  two  white  cords,  termed  Tractus  op'tici. 

Thalamus  Regalis,  Pericardium. 

THALIC'TRON,  &a>iKTi>ov,  Thalictrum,  T.  ' 
magnum  seu  flavum  seu  Jlaves'cena  seu  praten'se 
seu  ni'gricans  seu  rugo'sum  seu  vagina'tnm,  Rha- 
har'harum  pau'pertim,  Meadoio-rue,  Poor  Man's 
Rhubarb,  (F.)  Pigamon  jaundtre.  Hue  des  pres, 
Fausse-Rhabarbe,  Rliabarbe  des  pauvres.  Ord. 
Ranunculaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Polygynia. 
The  root  resembles  rhubarb  in  its  properties. 

THALICTRUM  ANEMONOI'DES,  jVeadow 
Rue,  Rue-leaved  Anem'ony  ;  an  indigenous  plant, 
flowering  in  April  and  May. 

THAMARINDUS,  Tamarindus. 

THAME,  Pollex. 

THANASIMUS,  Mortal. 

THANATODES,  Mortal. 

TIIAN'ATOID,  ThanatoVdes;  from  Bavaroq, 
'death,'  and  tthoi,  'resemblance.'  Resembling 
death.     Apparently  dead. 

THANATOL'OGY,  Thanatolog"ia,  Thnesco- 
log''ia,  from  davaros,  '  death,'  and  )iO'yog,  '  a  dis- 
course.'    A  description,  or  the  doctrine,  of  death. 

THANATOS,  Death. 

THAP'SIA,  from  the  island  Thapsus.  The 
deadly  carrot,  thapsia  ascle'pias.  Family,  Vm- 
belliferfs.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentnndria  Digynia.  The 
root  operates  violently,  both  upwards  and  down- 
wards.    It  is  not  used. 

THAPSUS  BARBATUS,  Verbaseum  nigrum. 

THARSI,  see  Tarsus. 

THASPIUM  ACT^IFOLIUM,  Ligustieum 
actseifolium. 

Thaspium  Atropukpu'reum,  Th.  corda'tvm, 
Round  heart.  Order,  VmheUiferse.  The  flowers, 
which  appear  in  June,  are  of  a  dark  purple. 

Thas'pium  Barbino'de,  Meadoic  Parsnep.  An 
indigenous  plant,  of  the  Northern  and  Western 
States,  which  flowers  in  June.     Flowers,  yellow. 

Both  plants  have  been  esteemed  vulnerary, 
antisyphilitic,  and  diaphoretic;  and  as  antidotes 
to  the  bite  of  a  rattlesnake. 

Thaspium  Cordatum,  Th.  atropurpureum. 

THE^  Thigh. 

THE,  Thea —  f.  des  Apialaches,  Ilex  vomitoria 
— t.  du  Canada,  Gaultheria — t.  Compiose,  Species 
— t.  d'Europe,  Salvia  veronica — t.  de  France,  Sal- 
via— t.  de  Jersey,  Celastrus — t.  de  la  Mer  du  Sud, 
Ilex  vomitoria — t.  du  3/exique,  Chenopodium  am- 
brosioides  —  t.  de  Simon  Pavli,  Myrica  gale —  t. 
Suisse,  Falltranck. 

THEA,  Chaa,  Tea,  (F.)  ThS.  There  are  two 
principal  species  of  tea-plant;  the  Thea  Bohe'a, 
and  Thea  vir'idis ;  the  black  tea,  and  the  green. 
Ord.  Camelliese.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Mono- 
gynia.  In  commerce,  many  kinds  of  tea  are  met 
with.  Several  of  the  differences  between  these 
appear  to  result  from  the  age  at  which  the  leaves 
have  been  collected,  and  the  mode  of  their  desic- 
cation. 

Tea-drinking  was  introduced  into  Europe  about 
the  year  1666 ;  since  which  time  its  use  has  become 
almost  universal ;  and,  in  spite  of  the  assertions  of 
medical  terrorists,  it  is,  except  in  particular  idio- 
syncracies,  entirely  harmless. 

By  an  analogical  transference,  very  common 
in  language,  the  word  Tea  has  been  used  almost 
synonymously  with  infusion,  as  Beef  tea.  Mint 
tea,  (fee. 

Thea  Germanica,  Veronica. 

THEBE'SIUS,  VEINS  OF.  A  name  given  to 
supposititious  branches  of  the  coronary  veins, 
which  Christopher  Adam  Thebesius,  a  German 
anatomist,  described  as  opening  into  the  heart 
by  small  depressions  observable  in  the  right 
auricle ;  and  which  have  been  called  Foram'ina 


THECA 


908 


THEEIACA 


Thehe'sit.  No  such  veins  can  be  demonstrated. 
The  valve,  at  the  orifice  of  the  coronary  vein, 
in  the  right  ventricle,  is  called  Valmda  Thehe'sii, 
V.  Gniffartia'na,   V.  vencB  magncB. 

THECA,  Case,  Vagina,  Sheath  — t.  Cerebri, 
Cranium  —  t.  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  t.  Folliculi, 
see  Folliculi  Graafiani— t.  Vertebralis,  see  Verte- 
bral canal. 

THECI'TIS,  from  theca,  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flamriiation.  A  term,  of  hybrid  formation,  signify- 
ing inflammation  of  the  sheaths  of  tendons. 

THE  IN,  see  Coffea  Arabica. 

THEION,  Sulphur. 

TIIEIOPEG^,  Waters,  mineral  (sulphureous.) 

THEIOTHERM^,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphu- 
reous. 

THELASIS,  Lactation. 

THELASMUS,  Lactation. 

THELASTRIA,  Nurse. 

THBLE,  Nipple. 

THELI'TIS,  (F.)  TheUte;  from  M"?,  'the 
female  nipple,'  '  the  female  breast,'  and  ills,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  nipple. 

THELON'CUS,  Mastoncus. 

THELORRHAG"IA,  from  &r,\v,  'nipple,'  and 
payn<  '  a  rupture.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  nipple. 

THELOS,  Mamma. 

THELYGON'IA,  from  %Uq,  'pertaining  to 
the  female  sex,'  andyoK)?,  'generation.'  The  part 
taken  by  the  female  in  the  act  of  generation. 
Also,  nymphomania. 

THELYGONUM,  Sperm  (of  the  female.) 

THELYPTERIS,  Pteris  aquilina. 

THENAD,  Thenal. 

THENAL,  Thenar ;  same  etymon  as  thenar. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  thenar. 

Thexal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  thenar  is  situated. — Barclay.  The- 
nad  is  used,  adverbially,  by  the  same  writer,  to 
signify  '  towards  the  thenal  aspect.' 

THENAR,  ^ivap,  from  S£i;u,  '  I  strike,' '  I  push.' 
The  palm  of  the  hand,  or  sole  of  the  foot. 

Thenar,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  manus.  Palm. 

Themar  or  Thenal  Em'inexce  is  the  projec- 
tion at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  hand, 
formed  by  the  abductor  brevis,  opponens,  and 
flexor  brevis  pollicis. 

Thenar  or  Thenal.  Muscle.  Riolan  and 
Winslow  give  this  name  to  the  fleshy  mass, 
formed  of  the  abductor  brevis,  opponens  pollicis, 
and  the  interior  part  of  the  flexor  brevis  pollicis. 
In  the  foot,  Winslow  gives  the  name  Thenal  mus- 
cle to  the  abductor  and  flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis. 

THEOBROMA  CACAO,  Cacao. 

THEOMANIA,  Demonomania. 

THEOPLEGIA,  Apoplexy. 

THEOPLEXIA,  A^poplexy. 

THEORET'ICAL,  Theoret'iciis,  Theo'ricua, 
from  Seuiiico),  '  I  contemplate.'  (F.)  Theoretique, 
Tlieoriqiie.  That  which  is  confined  to  theory,  or 
is  connected  with  it.  An  epithet  also  applied  to 
a  sect  of  physicians,  who  founded  their  doctrine 
chiefly  on  reasoning. 

THEORIA,  Theory. 
TH£01UQUE,  Theoretical. 

THE'ORY,  Theo'ria,  (F.)  Theorie.  Same 
etymon.  The  speculative  part  of  a  science.  The 
connexion  established  in  the  mind  between  a 
general  fact,  or  the  least  possible  number  of  gene- 
ral facts,  and  all  the  particular  facts  dependent 
thereon  :  for  example,  the  motions  of  the  heavenly 
bodies,  and  the  most  important  natural  pheno- 
mena are  connected  with  a  single  fact,  previously 
known  by  observation;  viz.  that  tbe  force  of  gra- 
vity acts  inversely  according  to  the  square  of  the 
distance.  This  constitutes  the  theory  of  univer- 
sal gravitation.  Theory  must  not  be  confounded 
with  system.  Theory  regards  nature  as  it  is,  and 
is  a  rigid  deduction  from  facts.     System  is  too 


often  the  creature  of  the  imagination,  to  which 
nature  is  made  to  bend. 

Theory  or  Med'icine,  In'etitutes  of  3Iedicine, 
Theoret'ieal  IJediciue,  is  that  part  of  the  science 
which  attempts  philosophically  to  account  for 
the  various  phenomena  that  present  themselves 
during  health  as  well  as  in  disease.  It  is  the 
philosophy  of  Medicine.  The  Institutes  of  Medi- 
cine are  generally  considered  to  comprise  Phy- 
siology and  its  applications  to  Pathology,  Hy- 
giene, and  Therapeutics.  By  some  they  are  con- 
sidered to  include  General  Pathology  and  Gene- 
ral Therapeutics. 

THEIOTHERMiE,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphu- 
reous. 

THERAPEIA,  Curation,  Therapeutics. 

THERAPEUSIS,  Therapeutics. 

THERAPEUTA,  Therapeutist. 

THERAPEUTICE,  Therapeutics. 

THERAPEU'TICS,  Therapeu'tice,  Therapeu'- 
sia,  Therapeu'sis,  latrotech'nice,  Therapei'a, 
Therapji'  a,  Curato'  ria  3Ieth'  odiis,  Jletkodua 
Medeii'di,  Practice  of  Physic,  (F.)  7'herapeu- 
tiqne,  Therapie,  from  ScpariEvui,  '  1  wait  upon,  I 
alleviate,  I  attend  upon  the  sick.'  That  part  of 
medicine,  the  object  of  which  is  the  treatment  of 
disease.  With  others,  the  department  which 
comprises  an  explanation  of  the  modus  opierandi 
of  medicines. 

THERAPEUTIQUE,  Therapeutics. 

THERAPEU'TIST,  Therapeu'ta.  Same  ety- 
mon. One  who  practices  therapeutics.  A  prac- 
titioner of  medicine.  To  be  a  good  therapeutist, 
a  man  must  be  well  versed  in  every  department 
of  medicine,  and  be  capable  of  observing  and  rea- 
soning well.  He  may  be  a  good  observer,  and 
yet  a  bad  reasouer.  He  cannot  practice  well  un- 
less he  is  both.  Hence,  the  comparatively  small 
number  of  good  therapeutists. 

THERAPIA,  Therapeutics. 

THERAPIE,  Therapeutics. 

THERIA,  Radzyge. 

THERIAC,  Theriaca— t.  of  Antipater,  Anti- 
patri  theriaca. 

THE'RIACA,  ^vfiaKa,  The'riac,  from  ^r,p,  *a 
ferocious  or  venomous  animal.'  Treacle,  Jlelas- 
ses,  (F.)  Theriaque.  Also,  a  medicine,  believed 
to  be  capable  of  curing  or  preventing  the  effects 
of  the  bite  of  a  venomous  animal.  In  this  sense 
it  is  chiefly  used  by  writers.  Theriac  and  The- 
riacal  have  been  used  adjectively  for  medicinaL 

Theriaca  Androm'achi,  Venice  Treacle,  is  an 
ancient  ulexipharmic  electuary;  consisting  of  a 
farrago  of  61  different  ingredients,  which  pos- 
sessed the  most  opposite  properties.  It  was  in- 
vented by  Andromachus  of  Crete,  and  prepared 
by  order  of  Nero.  It  has  received  various  modi- 
fications; and,  to  the  discredit  of  the  EacultS  de 
Medecine  of  Paris,  long  held  its  place  in  their 
Codex,  with  even  an  additional  number  of  ingre- 
dients. The  Electua'rium  Opia'tum  polyphar'- 
macum  of  the  Codex  has  contained  acid  ingre- 
dients, 6;  astringent,  6;  hitter,  22;  indioenous 
aromatics,  10  ;  vmbelliferous  aromatics,  7 ;  balsams 
and  resinous  substances,  8  ;  fetid  ingredients,  6; 
narcotics,  1;  earthy  substances,  1 ;  gummy  or  a?ny- 
laceous,  4;  saccharine,  3;  total,  72!  and  one  of 
these  the  flesh  of  the  viper  !  A  little  more  than 
a  grain  of  opium  is  contained  in  each  drachm  of 
the  compound. 

Theriaca  Artictjlorum,  Colchicum — t.  Celes- 
tis,  Tinctura  opii  —  t.  Communis,  Melasses  —  t. 
Edinensis,  Confectio  opii. 

Theriaca  Germano'rum.  An  extract  or  rob, 
prepared  from  juniper  berries.  Used  as  a  sto- 
machic. 

Theriaca  Londinen'sis,  Cataplasma  Cymi'ni. 
A  cataplasm  of  cumin  seed,  bay  berries,  german- 


THERIAQUE 


909 


THORACIC 


rfer,  snakeroof,  cloves,  honey,  and  sometimes  opium, 
or  syrup  of  poppies. 

Theriaca  PtusTicOROM,  Allium. 
THERIAQUE,  Theriaca. 

THERIAKI.  In  Turkey,  o^iHm-ea^ers,  or  they 
who  indulge  largely  iu  the  use  of  opium,  are  so 
called. 

THERIATRICA,  Veterinary  art. 
THERIODES,  Ferine. 

THERIO'MA,  Tkerion,  from  5np,  'a  venomous 
animal.'    Any  extremely  malignant  ulcer.    Some- 
times confined  to  ulcers  of  the  lungs. 
THERION,  Therioma. 
THERIOTOMY,  Zootomy. 
THERMA,  Heat — t.  Emphytum,  Animal  heat. 
THERMS,  ^epfiai,    Ther'mata.     Warm   baths 
or  springs.     See  Waters  (mineral.) 

Therm.b  Fabari.e,  Pfeffers,  Mineral  Waters 
of —  t.  Piperinse,  PfefiFers,  Mineral  Waters  of — t. 
Plumbai'ifB,  Plombieres,  Mineral  Waters  of. 

THERMAL,    Therma'lis ;    from  V/"7,   'heat,' 
Scfipios,  '  hot.'     Relating  or  appertain  nu-  to  heat. 
Hot,  warm.     As  'a  thermal  mineral  water.' 
THERMANTICA,  Calefacients. 
THERMASMA,  Fomentation. 
THERMATA,  Therm*. 
THERMOMETER,  see  Heat. 
THERMUiM  EMPHYTUM,  Animal  heat,  Bio- 
Ijchnium. 

THESIS,  deatg,  from  TiQrmi,  <to  put.'  'A  posi- 
tion or  proposition.'  Eispnta'tio  inangura'lis,  In- 
aug'ural  Dissertation.  The  name  usually  given 
to  the  essay  composed  by  a  candidate  for  gradua- 
tion in  medicine,  which  he  is  at  times  required  to 
defend  publicly.  Often,  however,  it  is  a  mere  form, 
giving  useless  labour  and  trouble  to  the  student, 
inasmuch  as  it  is  executed  as  a  task,  and  never 
afterwards  regarded  by  the  preceptor  or  by  others. 
Sandifort,  Haller,  Smellie,  and  Stoll,  have  pub- 
lished collections  of  these. 

Also,  a  suffix  denoting  'arrangement;'  hence 
Diathesis. 

THEVE'TIA  A'HOUAI.^AoHOi.  The  kernels 
of  the  nut  of  this  Brazilian  tree  are  said  to  be  a 
violent   poison.     At   the    Antilles,  its   nuts    are 
called  Noix  de  Serpent;  and  they  are  used  against 
the  bites  of  serpents. 
THEW,  Tendon. 
THEY,  Thigh. 
THICK-LISTED,  Pursy. 

THIGH,  Sax.  Seoh,  Femur,  Femen,  Crtis,  3fe- 
rus,  Ife'rium,  (Sc.)  The,  They,  (F.)  Cuisse.  (Of 
old,  Femur  meant  the  thigh  generally,  and  espe- 
cially the  outer  part:  —  Femen,  the  inner).  The 
part  of  the  lower  limb  which  extends  from  the 
pelvis  to  the  leg.  The  thigh  is  larger  at  its  supe- 
rior than  inferior  part,  and  has  the  form  of  an 
inverted  and  truncated  cone,  slightly  depressed 
from  within  outwards.  Above,  it  is  bounded,  cni- 
teriorly,  by  the  groin  ;  externally,  by  the  hip ; 
behind,  by  the  fold  of  the  nates  ;  and  icithin,  by 
the  perineal  region.  Below,  it  is  bounded,  ante- 
riorly, by  the  prominence  of  the  knee  :  posteriorly, 
■  by  the  ham.  It  is  formed  of  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  muscles,  blood-vessels,  lymphatics,  nerves, 
&c.  ;  and  is  covered  by  a  strong  aponeurosis. 

THIGHBONE,  Femur— t.  Neck  of  the,  CoUum 
femoris. 

THIMBLE  WEED,  Rudbeckia  laciniata. 
THION.  Sulphur. 

THIRST,  Sax.  Sypr^-  (!>•)  Dorst,  Sitis, 
Dipsa,  Potio'nis  deside' rium.,  (F.)  Soif.  A  simple 
desire  or  an  absolute  want  for  liquids.  Physio- 
logists are  not  entirely  agreed  regarding  the  seat 
of  thirst;  some  place  it  in  the  fauces;  others  in 
the  stomach.  Its  immediate  cause  is  not  known. 
It  has  been  attributed  to  a  dry  condition  of  the 
nervous  papillae  of  the  pharynx,  produced  by 
suppression  of  the  salivary  and   mucous  secre- 


tions. This  is  probably  true;  but,  again,  it  is 
owing  to  the  wants  of  the  system,  —  a  supply  of 
fluid  being  required  to  compensate  the  numerous 
losses  that  are  constantly  taking  place.  Thirst 
is  an  internal  sensation,  —  an  instinctive  want  — 
arising  from  organization,  and  inexplicable.  It 
is  an  urgent  symptom  in  many  diseases,  particu- 
larly in  those  of  vascular  excitement. 

Thirst,  Excessive,  Polydipsia — ^  t.  Morbid, 
Dipsosis. 

THIRSTY,  Dipsodes. 

THISTLE,  BLESSED,  Centaurea  benedicta 
—  t.  Cotton,  Onopordium  acanthium  —  t.  Globe, 
Echinops — t.  Holy,  Centaurea  benedicta  —  t.  La- 
dies', Carduus  Marianus — t.  Milk,  common,  Car- 
duus  Marianus — t.  Pine,  Atractj'lus  gummifera 
— t.  Sow,  Sonchus  oleraceus  —  t.  Star,  Centaurea 
calcitrapa— t.  Yellow,  Argemone  Mexioana. 
THLADIAS,  Eunuch. 
THLASIAS,  Eunuch. 

THLASIS, Contusion — t.Depressio,  Depression. 
THLASMA,  Contusion — t.  Concussio,  Concus- 
sion—  t.  Stremma,  Sprain. 

THLASPI,  Pennycress.  Ord.  Crucifera;.  ^€3-. 
Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliculosa.  Two  species  of 
thlaspi  are  directed,  in  some  pharmacopoeias, 
for  medical  use  :  —  Thlaspi  arven'se  or  Treacle 
mustard,  and  Thlaspi  campes'tre  seu  hirsu'tum 
seu  vulga'tius,  Lepid'ium  campes'tre,  Lep'ia  seu 
Ibe'ria  campes'tris,  Mith'ridate  mustard.  The 
pharmaceutical  properties  of  both  kinds  resemble 
those  of  common  mustard. 

Thlaspi  Bursa,  Th.  bursa' turn,  Thlaspii  seu 
Capjsell'a  seu  Ibe'ris  seu  Nastur'tinm  seu  Rod- 
schied'ia  bursa  pasto'ris,  Bursa  pasto'ris,  Shep>- 
herd's  purse,  Cocowort,  St.  James's  wort,  Poor 
man's  Parmacity,  (F.)  Fleur  de  St.  Jacqves,  Bourse 
d  berger  ou  d pasteur.  Tabouret.  A  common  Eu- 
ropean plant,  introduced  into  this  country.  It 
is  slightly  astringent,  but  is  little  used. 

Thlaspi  Bursatum,  Thlaspi  bursa  —  th.  Na- 
sturtium, Lepidium  sativum — th.  Sativum,  Lepi- 
diura  sativum. 

THLIBIAS.  Eunuch. 
THLIPSENCEPHALIA,  Derencephalia. 
THLIPSENCEPH'ALUS,  from  OXidig,  '  com- 
pression,' and  cyKC((>a\os,  'the  encephalon.'  A 
monster  in  whom  the  skull  is  open,  not  merely  in 
the  frontal  and  parietal,  but  also  in  the  occipital 
regions  —  a  distinct  fontanelle  not  existing. 

THLIP'SIS,  ^\t4,,s,  Compres'sio.  Compres- 
sion, and  especially  constriction  of  vessels  by  an 
external  cause.     Oppression. 

THNESCOLOGIA,  Thanatology. 
THOLUS,  Achicolum  —  t.  Diocleus,  Seapha. 
THOMPSO'NIAN.     One  who  practises  or  be- 
lieves in  Thompsonianism. 

THOMPSO'NIANISM,  Thomp'sonism..  A  fan- 
ciful doctrine,  of  which  a  person  of  the  name  of 
Thompson,  of  New  York,  is  the  founder.  One 
of  its  leading  principles  is,  that  the  human  body 
is  composed  of  four  elements  [?],  earth,  air,  fire 
and  water;  and  one  of  its  apothegms,  —  that 
metals  and  minerals  are  in  the  earth,  and,  being 
extracted  from  the  depths  of  the  earth,  have  a 
tendency  to  carry  all  down  into  the  earth  who 
use  them;  that  the  tendency  of  all  vegetables  is 
to  spring  up  from  the  earth,  and  therefore  to  up- 
hold mankind  from  the  grave. 

The  Thompsonians  are  Botanical  Doctors.  See 
Herb  doctor. 

THORACENTESIS,  Thoracocentesis. 
THORACHIQUE,  Thoracic. 
THORACIC,  'rhorne''icus,{TOm.  tJwrax,  thora- 
cis, 'the  chest;'  (F.)  Thoracique  ou  Thorachique. 
That  which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  chest;  as 
Thoracic  vis'cera,  &c. 

Thoracic  Inferior  Artert,  Arte'ria  Tho- 
rac"ica  Exter'na  Jnfe'rior  seu  Longa  seu  mam- 


THORACICA 


910 


THROMBUS 


mrt'ria  externa  seu  Thoracica  inferior,  (F.)  Deiix- 
ieme  des  Tkoraciques  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  axil- 
lary, a  little  below  the  preceding,  and  descends 
vertically  over  the  latter  part  of  the  thorax,  and 
the  serratus  major  anticus.  It  afterwards  bends 
inwards;  becomes  subcutaneous,  and  dirides  into 
several  branches,  which  embrace  the  breast.  It 
gives  numerous  ramifications  to  the  pectoralis 
major,  serratus  anticus,  intercostals,  ganglions  of 
the  axilla,  mamma,  Ac. 

Thoracic  Superior  Artery,  Arfe'rta  Thora- 
cica Exter'na  Siq^erior,  (¥.)Artere  thoracique  su- 
■perieure,  Premiere  des  Thoraciqnes  (Ch.),  arises 
from  the  axillary  artery  or  from  the  acromial ; 
and  descends  forwards  between  the  Pectoralis 
major  and  P.  minor,  to  which  it  distributes  itself 
by  a  great  number  of  branches.  In  some  sub- 
jects, there  are  two  or  three  Arteries  tlioraciccB 
externcB  superiores. 

Thoracic  Duct,  Ductus  thorac"icus  seu  tJiora- 
cicus  poste'rior  seu  vertehra'lis  seu  chy'lifer  seu 
chyli  seu  lac'tens  seu  ro'ri/er  seu  Pecqueti  seu 
Pecquetia'nus,  Vena  alba  thora'cis,  Alvevs  ompul- 
les'cens,  Distrihuto' ria  lactea  thoracica,  Galax'ia, 
Duet  of  Pecquet,  Alimen'tary  Duct,  (F.)  Canal  ou 
Conduit  Thoracique,  is  the  duct  in  which  the 
lymphatics  of  the  lower  limbs,  abdomen,  left  su- 
perior extremity,  left  side  of  the  head,  neck,  and 
thorax  terminate.  It  begins  at  the  recepjlaculuni 
chyli,  which  is  formed  by  the  union  of  five  or  six 
large  lymphatic  trunks, — themselves  formed  from 
the  union  of  all  the  absorbent  plexuses  of  the 
abdomen.  The  duct  ascends  into  the  chest 
through  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  and  by  the 
side  of  the  aorta  and  vena  azygos.  It  contracts 
in  dimension,  as  far  as  the  6th  dorsal  vertebra, 
when  it  inclines  towards  the  left  hand;  ascends 
behind  the  arch  of  the  aorta;  passes  behind  the 
left  internal  jugular  vein,  and  opens  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  subclavian  vein  of  the  same  side. 
Its  embouchure  is  furnished  with  two  valves, 
which  prevent  the  blood  from  passing  from  the 
vein  into  the  duct. 

Thoracic  Limbs  are  the  upper  limbs  ;  so  called 
because  they  are  articulated  with  the  lateral  and 
upper  parts  of  the  chest. 

Thoracic,  Long  or  Inferior,  Mammary  infe- 
rior external  artery. 

Thoracic  Nerves.  The  short  or  anterior  tho- 
racic nerves  are  two  in  number.  They  arise  from 
the  brachial  plexus,  and  divide  into  an  anterior 
and  a  posterior  branch  :  —  the  former  distributed 
to  the  pectoralis  major  muscle ;  the  latter  uniting 
with  a  branch  of  the  other  to  form  a  loop,  from 
■which  numerous  branches  are  given  off  to  the 
pectoralis  major  and  p.  minor. 

The  long  thorac" ic  nerve,  Poste'rior  thorac"ic, 
External  res' piratory  of  Sir  Charles  Bell,  is  a  long 
branch,  which  arises  from  the  fourth  and  fifth  cer- 
vical nerves,  immediately  after  their  escape  from 
the  intervertebral  foramina,  and  passes  downwards 
to  be  distributed  upon  the  serratus  magnus  muscle. 
Thoracic  PtEGioNS  are  the  different  regions  of 
the  chest.  Thus  we  say,  anterior,  lateral,  and 
superior  thoracic,  <fec. 

THORACICA,  Pectorals. 
THORACICS,    FIRST   OF   THE,   Mammary 
superior  external  arterj', 
THORACIQUE,  Thoracic. 
THORACOCEXTE'SIS,   Thoracente'sis,    Tho- 
racot'omy,  from  &wpn^,  S^oipuKo;,  'the  chest,' and 
Kfvri;(ri?,  '  puncture.'  Paracente'sis  thora'cis.   Per- 
foration of  the  chest  to  evacuate  contained  fluid 
—  as  in  empyema. 

THORACOCYSTIS,  Thoracystis. 
THORACODIDYMUS,  from   Stopa^,  ^wpaKo^, 
'the  chest,'  and  SiOv/Jio;,  'a  twin.'     A  monstrosity 
in  which  twins  are  united  by  the  thorax. — Gurlt. 
THORACODYNE,  Pleurodynia, 


THOBACO-FACTAL,  Platysma  myoides. 
THOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'ymm 
sym'phyo-thoracogas'trius,  Jiiphodid'ymua :  from 
&ijipa^,  -Sdipa/cos,  '  the  chest,'  yucrrrip,  '  the  belly,' 
and  SiSv/iog,  'a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which 
twins  are  united  by  the  chest  and  abdomen. — 
Gurlt. 

THORACO-MAXILLO-FACIAL,    Platysma 
myoides. 

THORACOMETER,  Stethometer. 
THORACOPATHI'A,  from  ^wpa^,  SopaKo;.  'the 
chest,'  and  nadog,  'disease.'     Disease  or  suffering 
in  the  chest. 

THORACOSCOPTA,  see  Auscultation. 
THORACOSCOPIUM,  Stethoscope.      • 
THORACOTOMY,  Thoracocentesis. 
THORACYST'IS,  Thoracocyst'is,  from   6wpa^, 
QiopaKog,    'the    chest,'    and    kvcth,    'a   bladder.' 
Encysted  dropsy  of  the  chest.     Hydatids  in  the 
chest. 

THORAX,  Oojpa^,  'a  cuirass,  a  coat  of  mail.' 
Cith'arus,  Venter  me'dius.  Pectus,  Stethus,  Scutum 
pec'toris,  Bir,  Chelys,  Cassa,  the  Breast,  the  Chest, 
(F.)  Poitrine.  One  of  the  splanchnic  cavities, 
Cavum  thora'cis,  bounded,  posteriorly  by  the  ver- 
tebras ;  laterally,  by  the  ribs  and  scapula:  ante- 
riorly, by  the  sternum;  above,  by  the  clavicle: 
and  below,  by  the  diaphragm.  It  is  destined  to 
lodge  and  protect  the  chief  organs  of  respiration 
and  circulation  —  the  lungs  and  the  heart. 
Thorax,  Corset. 
THORE,  Sperm. 

THORN  APPLE,  Datura  stramonium— t.  Red, 
Datura  Sanguinea. 

THOROUGHSTEM,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 
THOROUGHWAX,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 
THOROUGHWORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum- 
THOROW-WAX,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium. 
THORULUS  STRAMINEUS,  Fanon. 
THR^NINE,  see  Tears. 

THREADWORM,  Dracun cuius— t.  Long,  Tri- 
chocephalus. 

THREPSIS,  Assimilation,  Nutrition. 
THREPSOL'OGY,  Threpsolog"ia,  from  ^pt-^ig, 
'nutrition,'  and  \oyoi,  'a  description.'     The  doc- 
trine of,  or  a  treatise  on,  the  nutrition  of  organ- 
ized bodies. 

THREPTICE.  Assimilation. 
THRIDACE,  Lactucarium. 
THRIDAX,  Lettuce. 

THRIFT,  LAVENDER,  Statice  limonium— L 
American,  Statice  Caroliniana  —  t.  Sea-side,  Sta- 
tice Caroliniana. 

THRIX,  Capillus,  Hair. 

THROAT,  Spore,  Bpo-a,  Jugulum,  Interstit"- 
ium  Jugula're,  Guttur,  Sphage,  (Prov.)  Choices, 
Droat,  Hause,  Hose,  (Sc.)  Halse,  Hawse,  Witter. 
The  anterior  part  of  the  neck.  {F.)  Gorge.  Also, 
the  pharynx. 

THROATROOT,  Geum  Virginianum,  Liatris. 
THROATWORT,  Campanula  trachelium. 
THROBBING,    Pulsati'vus,    Sphyg'micus, 
Sphygmo'des,  Pul'satory,  (F.)  Pulsatif.     A  throb- 
bing pain,  (Prov.)  Stang,  (F.)  Douleur  pulsative, 
is  a  kind  of  pain  which  is,  or  seems  to  be  caused 
or  augmented  by  the  pulsation  of  arteries. 
THROE,  Agony,  Pains,  labour. 
THROMBI   LACTEI,    Infarctus   mammse 
lacteus. 

THROMBOCYS'TIS,  from  Spo,j0og,  'a  clot,' 
and  Kvaris,  'a  cyst.'  The  cyst  occasionally  sur- 
rounding a  clot  of  blood  —  as  in  encephalic  he- 
morrhao;e. 

THROMBOSIS,  Coagulation,  Thrombus. 
THROMBUS,  ^/io;//3of,  'a  clot,' from  ^pofi^ou, 
'to  coagulate;'  Thrombo'sis,  Trumbus,  Hcemato'- 
ma.  A  small,  hard,  round,  bluish  tumour ;  formed 
by  an  effusion  of  blood  in  the  vicinity  of  a  vein 
which  has  been  opened  in  the  operation  of  blood- 


THROPILL 


911 


THYREO-ARTTENOID 


letting.  The  thrombus  is  most  commonly  owing 
to  the  opening  in  the  vein  and  that  of  the  skin 
not  corresponding;  to  excessive  smallness  of  the 
cutaneous  orifice ;  or  to  small,  fatty  granules, 
•which  prevent  the  discharge  of  the  blood.  Com- 
presses, dipped  in  salt  water;  camphorated  spirit, 
and  slight  compression,  usually  disperse  it.  See 
Blood. 

Thrombus  Nkonatorum,  Cephalsematoma. 

THROPILL,  Trachea. 

THROPPLE,  Trachea. 

THROTTLE,  Trachea. 

THROW,  Agony,  Pains,  labour. 

THROWORT,  Leonurus  cardiaca. 

THRUSH,  Aphthse  — t.  Milk,  Aphthge  — •  t. 
White,  Aphtha3. 

THRUSTY,  Dipsodes. 

THRYPSIS,  Comminution. 

THUJA  OCCIDENTALIS,  Thuya  occiden- 
talis. 

THUMB,  Pollex. 

THUREA,  Juniperus  lyeia — t.  Virga,  Junipe- 
rus  lycia. 

THUS,  see  Pinus  abies  —  t.  Eoemininum,  see 
Pinus  abies  —  t.  Judaeorum,  Croton  casearilla, 
Styrax,  Thymiama  —  t.  Libanotos,  Juniperus 
lycia — t.  Masculum,  Juniperus  lycia — t.  Verum, 
Juniperus  lycia  —  t.  Vulgare,  see  Pinus  abies. 

THUYA  APHYLLA,  see  Sandarac. 

Thu'ya  seu  Thuja  Occidenta'lis,  T.  ohtu'aa, 
Ciipres'sns  Arbor  Vittp,  American  Arbor  VifcB, 
Tree  of  Life.  Ord.  Coniferse.  The  leaves  and 
wood  were  formerly  in  high  repute  as  resolvents, 
sudorifics,  and  expectorants,  and  were  given  in 
phthisical  affections,  intermittent  fevers,  and 
dropsies.  The  expressed  juice  has  been  applied 
to  condylomata.  The  arrangement  of  the  medul- 
lary matter  of  the  cerebellum,  termed  Arbor 
VitcB,  is  also  called  Thuya. 

THYLACliTIS,  Gutta  rosea. 

THYIL,  Thymus. 

THYMA,  Thymion. 

THYMALOS,  Taxus  baccata. 

THYMASTHMA,  Asthma  thymicum. 

THYMBRA,  Satureia  hortensis — t.  Hispanica, 
Thymus  mastichina. 

THYME,  CAT,  Teucrium  Marum— t.  Common, 
Thymus  —  t.  Lemon,  see  Thymus  serpyllum  — t. 
Mother  of.  Thymus  serpyllum  —  t.  Virginia, 
Pycnanthemum  linifolium  —  t.  Wild,  Thymus 
serpyllum. 

THYMEL^A,  Daphne  gnidium— t.  Laureola, 
Daphne  laureola  —  t.  Mezereum,  Daphne  meze- 
reum  —  t.  Monspeliaca,  Daphne  gnidium. 

THYMELCO'SIS,  from  -au^oj,  'thymus,'  and 
'sXffos,  '  an  ulcer.'  Ulceration  of  the  thymus 
gland. 

THYMIA'MA,  ^vuiajia,  {^vm,  '1  burn  per- 
fumes') '  a  perfume ;'  Thus  JudcBo'rum,  Munkioood, 
(F.)  Narcaphte.  A  bark  from  Syria,  Cilicia,  <fec., 
supposed  to  be  the  product  of  the  liquid  storax 
tree.  It  has  an  agreeable,  balsamic  smell ;  ap- 
proaching that  of  liquid  storax. 

Thymiama,  Fumigation,  Suffimentum. 

THYMIASIOTECHNIA,  Thymiatechny. 

THYMIASIS,  Fumigation. 

THYMIATECH'NY,  Thymiatech'nia,  Thymi- 
asiotech'nia,  Cura  fumiffato'ria,  from  Qv/xiaiia,  'an 
odour,'  and  r^xyri,  '  art.'  The  art  of  employing 
perfumes  in  medicine. 

THYMIC,  Thy'micus,  (F.)  Thymique.  Having 
relation  to  the  thymus,  as  "thymic  asthma." 

THYM'ION,  fhyma,  Thymus,  Porrum,  Porrus, 
Vei-ru'ca  rhagoi'dea  Verru'ca  minor,  from  dvfios, 
*  thyme.'  A  small  wart  on  the  skin,  resembling 
a  bud  of  thyme. 

THYMIOSIS,  Framboesia  —  t.  Indica,  Fram- 
boesia. 

THYMIQUE,  Thymic. 


THYMI'TES.    Wine  impregnated  with  thyme 

THYMI'TIS,  from  $>v,i6i,  'thymus,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
thvmus  gland. 

THYMOPATHI'A,  Psychopathi'a,  from  ^d/^oj, 
'the  mind,'  and  irados,  'affection.'  A  disease  of 
the  mind. 

THYMOS,  Rage._ 

THYMOXAL'ME,  from  &vf>o;,  'thyme,'  o^vg, 
'acid,'  and  'aAs,  'salt.'  A  compound  of  thyme, 
vinegar  and  salt. 

THYMUS,  5uf.o5,  Gland'ula  Thymus,  Oorpna 
Thymia'mum  seu  Thy'micum,  Glan'dium,  Thy- 
mus gland.  Corpus  incomprehensib'ile  of  Jos. 
Frank.  Sweetbread  of  the  butcher.  An  organ, 
concerned  in  hsematosis,  which  is  seated  in 
the  upper  separation  of  the  anterior  medias- 
tinum. The  thymus  has  the  appearance  of  a 
glandular  body.  It  is  oblong;  bilobate ;  soft, 
and  very  variable  in  size  and  colour.  In  the 
fcetus,  it  is  very  large,  and  contains  in  a  central 
cavity  —  reservoir  of  the  thymus  —  a  milky  fluid; 
but  it  gradually  disappears,  and  in  old  age  is 
scarcely  discernible.  The  arteries,  called  thymic, 
are  from  the  inferior  thyroid,  internal  mammary, 
bronchial,  and  mediastinal.  The  veins  have  the 
same  arrangement.  It  receives  some  nervous 
filaments  from  the  pneumogastric  nerves,  the 
phrenic,  and  the  inferior  cervical  ganglia. 

Thymus,  T.  vulga'ris  seu  tenuifo'lius  seu  hor- 
ten'sis,  Common  Thyme,  (F.)  Thym,  T.  ordinaire, 
Farigoule.  Ord.  Labiatae.  Sex.  Syst.  Didyna- 
mia  Gymnospermia.  This  herb  has  an  agreeable, 
aromatic  smell;  and  a  warm,  pungent  taste.  It 
is  reputed  to  be  resolvent,  emmenagogue,  tonic, 
and  stomachic.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Thymus,  Satureia  capitata,  Thymion — t.  Cala- 
minthus,  Melissa  calamintha — t.  Capitatus,  Satu- 
reia capitata — t.  Ciliatus,  T.  mastichina — t.  Cre- 
ticus,  Satureia  capitata — t.  Hortensis,  Thymus — 
t.  Includens,  T.  serpyllum. 

Thymus  Mastichi'na,  T.  cilia'tua,  Marum 
vulga're,  Samp'suchus,  Clinopo'dia,  Masiieh'ina 
Gallo'rum,  Thymbra  Hispan'ica,  Jaca  Tn'dica, 
Common  herb  Mastich.  A  low,  shrubby,  Spanish 
plant,  used  as  an  errhine.  It  has  a  smell  like 
mastich.  Its  virtues  resemble  those  of  the  3farurii 
Syriacum  ;  but  it  is  said  to  be  less  powerful. 

Thymus  Multiflorus,  Melissa  nepeta — t.  Ne- 
peta,  Melissa  nepeta. 

Thymus,  Resertoir  op  the,  see  Thymus. 

Thymus  Serpyl'lum,  T.  inclu'dens,  Her'pyloe, 
Herpyl'los,  Serpyl'lum,  Serpul'lum,  Serpil'lum, 
Gila'rum,  Serpyl'lum  vulga're  minus,  3/ofher  of 
Thyme,  Wild  thyme,  (F.)  Serpolet.  This  plant 
has  the  same  sensible  properties  as  the  garden 
thyme;  but  has  a  milder  and  rather  more  grate- 
ful flavour.  Lemon  Thyme,  the  Serpyllum  citra'- 
tum,  is  merely  a  variety  of  the  Thymus  Serp>yUum. 
It  is  very  pungent;  and  has  a  particularly  grate- 
ful odour,  approaching  that  of  lemons. 

Thymus  Sylvaticus,  Clinopodium  vulgare  — 
th.  Sylvestris,  Satureia  capitata  —  th.  Tenuifo- 
lius,  Thymus  —  th.  Vulgaris,  Thymus. 

THYRA,  Qvpa,  'a  gate,  folding-door.'  In  com- 
position, Thyreo  and  Thyro,  ^vptog,  'a  shield  re- 
sembling a  folding-door,'  mean  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage. 

THYREMPHRAXIS,  Bronchocele. 

THYPlEO,  Thyro,  in  composition,  relating  to 
the  thyroid  cartilage  or  gland. 

THYREOADENITIS,  Thyreoitis. 

THYREO  -  ARYT  '  ENOID,  Thyro- arytenoi- 
deus  or  Thyro-arytenu'ides.  That  which  relates 
to  the  thyroid  and  arytenoid  cartilages. 

Thyreo-aRYTENOID  Lig'aments,  Inferior  Liga- 
ments of  the  Larynx,  Lips  of  the  Glottis,  Vocal 
Cords,  are  two  ligaments  about  two  lines  broad, 
formed  of  elastic  and  parallel  fibres,  which  are 


THYREO-EPIGLOTTIC 


912 


TIBIA 


contained  in  a  duplicature  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  larynx.  They  extend  horizontally 
from  the  anterior  projection  at  the  base  of  each 
arytenoid  cartilage  to  the  middle  of  the  angle  of 
union  of  the  thj'roid  cartilage.  They  are  the 
essential  organs  of  voice.     See  Glottis. 

THyREO-ARTTENOID      MuSCLES,     ThYRBO-ARY- 

TENOiDEi,  are  thin  muscles,  which  arise  from  the 
middle  and  inferior  part  of  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  thyroid  cartilage;  whence  they  proceed 
backwards  and  outwards,  to  be  inserted  into  the 
outer  part  of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid  cartilage. 
They  give  the  necessary  tension  to  the  ligaments 
of  the  glottis,  in  the  production  of  the  voice. 
Santorini  has  given  the  name  Thyreo-aryteno'i- 
dens  ohliquus  to  a  portion  of  the  aryteno'ideus 
muscle. 

THYREO  -  EPIGLOT '  TIC,  Thyreo-epiglotti- 
deus,  Thyrepiglntt'icus.  Sabatier  and  Santorini 
have  given  this  name  to  the  outer  portion  of  the 
thyro-arytenoid  muscle;  because  it  passes  from 
the  thyroid  cartilage  to  the  anterior  part  of  the 
epiglottis. 

THYREO -HYOID,  Tlujro-hyoideus,  Thyro- 
liyo'ides,  Uyodeothyreo' des.  That  which  belongs 
or  relates  to  the  thyroid  cartilage  and  os  hyoides. 

Thyreo-hyoid  or  Hyo-thyroid  Membrane 
is  a  very  broad,  yellowish,  fibrous  membrane, 
thicker  at  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities, 
which  is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  body  and  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides  ; 
and,  below,  to  the  whole  superior  edge  of  the 
thyroid  cartilage. 

THYREO -HYOiDEUS  or  Hyo-tliyreoidens 
Muscle  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  is  attached  to  the  oblique 
line  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage; to  the  inferior  edge  of  the  body  of  the  os 
hyoides,  and  to  the  anterior  portion  of  its  great 
cornu.  It  approximates  the  thyroid  cartilage 
and  03  hyoides  to  each  other,  by  raising  the  car- 
tilage, and  with  it  the  whole  larynx  :  or,  it  can 
deoress  the  os  hyoides. 

TH  YREO  -  PHARYNGEUS,  Thyro  -  Pharyn- 
geus. 

THYREOID,  Thyroid. 

THYREO'iDIEN,  Thyroideal. 

THYREOIDEUS,  Thyroideal. 

THYREOI'TIS,  Thyreoadeni'tis,  Thyreoidi'th, 
Angi.'na  tkyreo'idea,  from  5«p£of,  '  a  shield,' and 
?7i"s,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
thyroid  gland. 

THYREONCTJS,  Bronchocele. 

THYREOPHRAXIA,  Bronchocele. 

THYREPIGLOTTICUS,  Thyreoepiglottic. 

THYRO,  see  Thyreo. 

THYRO-ARYTENOID,  Thyreo-arytenoid. 

THYRO-CRICO-PHARYNGEUS,  see  Crico- 
pharyngeal. 

THYRO-HYOIDES,  Thyreo-hyoid. 

THYRO-PHARYNGEUS,  Thyreo-phar7jngem. 
Valsalva,  Morgagni,  Santorini,  and  Winslow  have 
given  this  name  to  the  portion  of  the  constrictor 
pharyngis  inferior,  which  is  attached  to  the  thy- 
roid cartilages. 

Thyro-Pharyngbus,  Constrictor  pharyngis, 
see  Crieo-pharyngeal. 

THYRO-PHARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS,  Pa- 
lato-pharyngeus. 

THYROCELE,  Bronchocele. 

THYROID,  Thy'reoid,  ThyroVdes,  from  ^vpa, 
'a  gate  or  folding-door,'  or  fromSu^jf^r,  'a  shield,' 
and  si(5os,  'form.'  That  which  has  the  shape  of  a 
folding-door. 

Thyroid  Car'tilage,  Cartila'go  Scntifor'mis 
seu  Scuta'Us  sen  Clypea'Us,  Cooperto'riitm,  C.  Pel- 
ta'lis  seu  pelta'tus,  Scutnm,  Ada'mi  Morsus  Os, 
is  the  largest  of  the  cartilages  of  the  larynx,  at 


the  anterior  part  of  which  it  is  stituate.  It  is 
larger  transversely  than  vertically;  broader  above 
than  below  ;  and  seems  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  two  quadrilateral  plates,  which  produce, 
by  their  union,  an  angle  that  projects  forwards. 
Its  two  posterior  margins  terminate  above,  and 
on  each  side,  by  an  ensiform  prolongation,  called 
the  greater  cornu  of  the  thyroid  cartilnge,  cornu 
supe'rins  seu  longum ;  and,  below,  by  a  less 
prominent  eminence,  the  lesser  cornu,  Cornu  hi- 
fe'rius  seu  hreve,  which  is  articulated  with  the 
cricoid. 

Thyroid  Gland,  Corpus  Thyreo'ideum ,  Glnn'- 
dula  Thyreotdea,  (F.)  Gland  ou  Corps  Thyro'ide, 
is  an  organ,  the  uses  of  which  are  not  known.  It 
covers  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  larynx, 
as  well  as  the  first  rings  of  the  trachea,  and  seems 
to  be  composed  of  two  lobes,  flattened  from  before 
to  behind,  which  are  united  by  a  transverse  pro- 
longation of  the  same  nature  as  themselves,  called 
the  Isthmus.  The  tissue  of  the  thyroid  is  soft, 
spongy,  and  of  a  brownish  colour ;  but  its  inti- 
mate structure  is  unknown.  It  is  formed  of 
several  distinct  lobules;  collected  in  lobes  of 
greater  or  less  size.  These  are  composed  of 
granulations,  some  of  which  contain  a  yellowish 
or  milky  fluid.  The  thyroid  gland  receives  four 
large  arteries,  called  Thyrouleal,  as  well  as  cor- 
responding veins.  Its  nerves  proceed  from  the 
pneumogastric,  and  from  the  cervical  ganglia. 
No  excretory  duct  has  ever  been  found  in  it.  Its 
uses  are  not  known. 

THYROIDEAL,  TJiyrotdeus,  Thyreoidens,{Y.) 
Thyro'idien,  Thyreo'idien.  That  which  concerns 
the  thyroid  gland  or  cartilage. 

Thyroideal  Arteries  are  two  on  each  side. 
].  The  superior  Thryoideal,  superior  laryngeal, 
superior  guttural,  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of 
the  external  carotid,  and  proceeds  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  thyroid  gland,  after  having  given  off 
a  laryngeal  branch  and  a  crico-ihyroid.  2.  The 
inferior  Thyroideal,  infe'rior  gut'tural,  much 
larger  than  the  last,  arises  from  the  upper  part 
of  the  subclavian.  It  passes,  in  a  serpentine 
manner,  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  thyroid  gland, 
to  which  it  is  distributed,  after  having  given  a 
number  of  branches  to  the  neighbouring  parts, 
among  which  is  the  cervicalis  ascendens. 

Thyroideal  Veins  are,  1.  A  superior  thyroid- 
eal, and  several  middle  thyroideal,  which  open 
into  the  internal  jugular  vein.  2.  An  inferior 
thyroideal,  much  larger  than  the  preceding,  whose 
branches  form  —  by  anastomosing  with  those  of 
the  opposite  side,  in  front  of  the  trachea  —  a 
very  remarkable  venous  plexus,  which  J.  Cloquet 
calls  the  infra-thyroideal  plexus.  The  inferior 
thyroideal  veins  open,  —  the  left  into  the  corre- 
sponding subclavian;  —  the  right,  into  the  vena 
cava  superior. 

THYRO'I'DTEN,  Thyroideal. 

THYROPHRAXIA,  Bronchocele. 

THYRSUS,  Penis. 

THYSSELINFM,  Peucedanum  palustre. 

THYSSELIUM  PALUSTRE,  Peucedanum 
palustre. 

TIBT-  PER  ONEO  -  TARSIEN,  Peronseus 
longus. 

TIB'IA.  A  Latin  word,  which  signifies  a  flute 
or  pipe.  Cneme,  Procne'me,  Procne'mium,  Fo'cile 
majus,  Arun'do  seu  Canna  major,  Canna  vinjor 
seu  domes'tien  cruris,  Shinbone.  The  largest  bone 
of  the  leg.  A  long,  irregular,  and  triangular  bone, 
situate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  fibula.  It  has,  1. 
A  Superior  or  femoral  extremity,  which  is  very 
large,  rounded,  and  has  two  eminences  at  the 
sides,  called  Tuberos' ities  of  the  Tibia,  or  Tibial 
tuberosities.  The  outermost  is  articulated  with 
the  fibula.  On  its  head  are  two  articular,  oval, 
concave  surfaces,  separated  by  a  process,  called 


TIBI^US 


913 


TILIA 


Spine  of  the  tibia,  which  are  articulated  with  the 
condyles  of  the  Os  femoris.  2.  An  inferior  or 
tarsal  extremity,  having  an  articular  surface  be- 
neath, which  joins  the  astragalus;  within,  a  tri- 
angular eminence,  which  forms  the  malleolus  in- 
ternvis;  and,  on  the  outside,  a  triangular  surface, 
which  articulates  with  the  fibula.  3.  The  body 
or  shaft  of  the  tibia  has  three  faces,  separated  by 
three  angles,  the  anterior  of  which  is  the  most 
prominent,  and  is  called  the  spine  or  crista  of  tJie 
tihia  or  tibial  spline.  It  is  the  s^jw.  The  tibia  is 
articulated  with  the  femur,  fibula,  and  astragalus. 
It  is  developed  by  three  points  of  ossification,  ! 
one  for  the  body,  and  one  for  each  extremity. 
Tibia  Minima,  Fibula. 
TIBIiEUS,  Tibial. 

TlB'lAJj,Tibia'lis,  Tibi(B'u8,(F.)  Tibial,  Jam- 
bier.  From  tibia.  That  which  relates  to  the 
tibia  or  to  the  leg. 

Tibial  Aponeueo'sis,  (F.)  AjMiievrose  Jarti- 
biere,  surrounds  the  muscles  of  the  leg.  It  is  con- 
tinuous, above,  with  the  femoral  aponeurosis,  and 
arises,  also,  from  the  head  of  the  fibula,  and  from 
several  fibrous  expansions  which  detach  them- 
selves from  the  tendons  of  the  triceps,  sartorius, 
gracilis,  and  semitendinosus.  Thence  it  descends 
around  the  leg,  attaching  itself  to  the  whole  ex- 
tent of  the  anterior  and  inner  edges  of  the  tibia. 
It  sends,  below,  an  expansion,  which  passes  be- 
fore the  tendo  Achillis,  and  is  continuous  with 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  tarsus.  It 
is  attached,  also,  to  the  sheath  of  the  peronei 
muscles. 

Tibial  Abteeies  are  two  in  number.  1.  Ar- 
te'ria  Tihia'lis  Anti'ca,  which  arises  from  the  pop- 
liteal, before  its  bifurcation  :  passes  immediately 
through  the  opening  in  the  upper  part  of  the  in- 
terosseous ligament,  and  reaches  the  anterior  part 
of  the  leg ;  when  it  turns  downwards,  and  de- 
scends obliquely,  between  the  extensor  communis 
digitorum  pedis  and  the  tibialis  anticus,  anterior 
to  the  interosseous  ligament;  glides  under  the 
anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  tarsus,  and  takes 
the  ■atiVHQ  Dorsalis  tarsi.  Amongst  the  numerous 
branches,  given  off  by  the  tibialis  antica,  may  be 
distinguished  —  the  Tibialis  recur' rens,  A.  mal- 
leola'ris  interna,  and  A.  malleolaris  externa.  2. 
A.  Tibialis  2}osti'ca,  arises  from  the  bifurcation 
of  the  popliteal  artery ;  and,  slightly  tortuous, 
descends  between  the  two  planes  of  the  posterior 
muscles  of  the  leg ;  until  it  arrives  under  the 
arch  of  the  calcaneum,  where  it  divides  into  two 
branches  —  the  Plantar  arteries. 
TIBIAD,  see  Tibial  aspect. 
TIB'IAL  ASPECT.  An  aspect  towards  the 
side  on  which  the  tibia  is  situated. —Barclay. 
Tibiad  is  used  adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to 
signify,  '  towards  the  tibial  aspect.' 

Tibial  Neeves  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
anterior  tibial  nerve,  Pretibio-susplantaire,  (Ch.) 
One  of  the  two  branches  in  which  the  external 
popliteal  terminates.  It  accompanies  the  arteria 
tibialis  antica.  2.  The  posterior  tibial  nerve, 
Branche  tibiale  du  nerf  femoro-po'plitee  (Ch.),  is 
the  internal  popliteal. 

Tibial  Veins,  Anterior  and  Posteetoe,  have 
the  same  arrangement  as  the  arteries  which  they 
accompany. 

TIBIA'LIS  ANTI'CUS,  Cate'ncB  vms'cvlus, 
(F.)  Tibio-sus-  metatarsien,  Tibio-susiarsien  (Ch.), 
Jambier  anterieiir.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  leg.  Above,  it  has  the  shape 
of  a  triangular  prism  ;  below,  it  is  slender  and 
tendinous.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  anterior 
part  of  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  tibia ;  to 
the  superior  half  of  the  outer  surface  of  that 
bone;  and  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  interos- 
seous ligament.  Below,  its  tendon  terminates  at 
the  base  of  the  first  cuneiform  bone,  and  at  the 
58 


posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal  bone. 
This  muscle  bends  the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  directs 
its  point  inwards,  at  the  same  time  that  it  raises 
its  inner  edge.  It  can,  also,  bend  the  leg  on  the 
foot,  and  prevent  it  from  falling  backwards  in 
standing. 

Tibialis  Gracilis,  Plantar  muscle. 
Tibialis  Posti'ctjs,  (F.)  Tibio-tarsien,  Tibio- 
sons-tarsien  (Ch.),  Jambier  posterieur.  This  mus- 
cle is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  deep  part  of  the 
leg.  It  is  thicker  above  than  below;  and  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
fibula ;  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia,  and 
to  the  interosseous  ligament.  Its  tendon  termi- 
nates, below,  at  the  tuberosity  on  the  inferior 
extremity  of  the  os  scaphoides.  This  muscle  ex- 
tends the  foot  on  the  leg;  at  the  same  time  rais- 
ing its  inner  edge.  It,  likewise,  extends  the  leg 
on  the  foot. 

TIBIO-CALCANIEN,  Soleus— «.  Phalanget- 
tien,  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus 
perforans  —  t.  Sous-tarsien,  Tibialis  posticus  —  t. 
Sns-metatarsien,  Tibialis  anticus — t.  Sus-tarsien, 
Tibialis  anticus. 

TIB'IO-TARSAL,  Tibio-tar'seus,  (F.)  Tibio- 
tarsienne.  What  relates  to  the  tibia  and  tarsus. 
Tibio-Taesal  Aeticula'tion  is  the  articula- 
tion of  the  foot  with  the  kg.  It  is  formed  by 
the  tibia  and  the  astragalus ;  and  is  strengthened 
by  lateral,  and  by  anterior  and  posterior  liga- 
ments. 

TIBIO-TARSIEN,  Tibialis  posticus. 
TIC,  Twitching,  Vellication.  A  local  and  ha- 
bitual convulsive  motion  of  certain  muscles;  and, 
especially,  of  some  of  those  of  the  face.  It  is, 
sometimes,  called  Tic  conviihif  ou  Tic  non  doulou- 
renx,  Histrion'ic  Spasm  of  the  Face,  to  distin- 
guish it  from  Tic  douloweux  or  neuralyia  faciei, 
and  has  been  termed  a  partial  chorea  or  form 
of  chronic  chorea,  Spasrnus  facia'lis,  Chore'a 
fa'ciei. 

TIC DOULEUREUX,  Neuralgia,  facial  —  t. 
non  doidoiirevx,  see  Tic. 

TICKLE  WEED,  Veratrum  viride. 
TICKLING,  (Sc.)  Kittling,  KitiUing,  (F.)  Cha- 
touillevxent.  This  word,  sometimes,  means  the 
action  of  tickling  {titillu'tio,  titilla'tion;)  at 
others,  the  sensation  produced  by  this  action 
{pruri'tns).  A  vivid  sensation,  which  commonly 
causes  laughter,  and  a  state  of  general  spasm 
that  may  be  dangerous  if  too  long  protracted. 
There  are  some  parts  of  the  body,  where  we  are 
easier  tickled  than  others;  for  example,  the  sole 
of  the  feet,  and  the  hypochondriac  regions. 

TICKSEED  SUNFLOWER,  Coreopsis  tricho 
sperma. 

TICKWEED,  Hedeoma  — t.  Sunflower,  Core- 
opsis trichosperma. 

TICO'REA  FEBRIF'UGA  ;  a  Brazilian  plant. 
Order,  Rutaceas,  the  bark  of  which  is  intensely 
bitter,  astringent  and  antiperiodic. 

Ticorea  Jasminiflo'ra.  a  decoction  of  the 
leaves  is  said  to  be  drunk  by  the  Brazilians  as  a 
cure  for  framboesia. 

TIDAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 
TIERCE,  see  Tertian. 

TIGE  PITUITAIRE,  Infundibulum  of  the 
■brain  —  t.  Sus-sphenoidale,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain. 

TIGILLTJM,  Crucible. 

TIGLIA  SEU  TIGLII  GRANA,  see  Croton 
Tiglium. 

TIGRETIER,  see  Mania,  dancing. 
TIGULA,  Saccharum. 
TIKIMMA,  Caeoucia  coccinea. 
TILBURY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.   A  sa- 
line chalybeate  at  West  Tilbury,  in  Essex,  Eng- 
land.    It  is  not  much  frequented. 

TIL'IA,  T.  Europa'a  seu  grandiflo'ra  seu  cor- 


TILIA  AMERICANA 


914 


TINCTURA 


difo'lia  seu  pauctflo'ra  seu  lolatajyhyll'a,  (akin  to 
TTTsXta,  'the  elm  tree').  Phil'yra.  The  Lime  or 
Linden  tree,  (F.)  TiUeid.  Ord.  Tiliacese.  The 
flowers  have  been  supposed  to  possess  anodyne 
and  antispasmodic  virtues. 

TILIA  AMERICA'NA.  T.  glabra  seu  Cana- 
den'sis,  Linden,  Linn,  liasswood,  Whitewood, 
Spoonwood.  A  mucilage  prepared  by  macerating 
the  inner  bark  in  cold  water,  has  been  applied  to 
burns.  It  may  be  made  into  a  cataplasm  by 
thickening  it  with  bran. 

TiLiA  Glabra,  T.  Americana  —  t.  Canadensis, 
T.  Americana. 
TILLEUL,  Tilia. 

TILLICHBRRY  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidy- 
sentericum. 

TILMA,  Linteum. 
TILMOS,  Evulsion. 
TILMUS,  Carphologia. 

TILY,  OF  THE  INDIANS,  Viburnum  denta- 
tum. 

TIMAC.  The  name  of  an  East  India  root,  but 
of  what  vegetable  is  not  clear.  It  is  said  to  pos- 
sess diuretic  properties;  and  hence  has  been 
given  in  dropsies. 

TIMBRE  (F.),  'the  sound  of  a  bell.'  The 
.  quality  of  sound  by  which  one  voice,  or  one  in- 
strument, can  be  distinguished  from  another 
when  producing  the  same  note. 
TIMIDUS,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 
TIN,  (D.)  Ten.  Stannum,  Gassit'eros,  Cat- 
tit'eros,  Stangos,  Ju'piter,  Stu']^^")  Laon,  Plumhum 
album  seu  can'didum,  (F.)  Etain.  A  solid  metal ; 
of  a  peculiar  odour  when  rubbed;  insipid  ;  colour 
■whitish;  s.  g.  7'291;  giving  a  peculiar  tinkling 
sound  when  struck.  It  is  used,  in  medicine,  only 
as  a  mechanical  anthelmintic.  Dose,  3J  of  the 
Pulvis  Stanni,  Stannum  granula'tuni  or  Granular 
tin,  in  molasses.  This  is  made  by  melting  tin  in 
an  iron  vessel  over  the  fire,  and,  while  it  is  cool- 
ing, stirring  until  it  is  reduced  to  a  powder, 
which  is  passed  through  a  sieve. — Ph.  U.  S. 

Tin,  Butter  of.  Tin,  muriate  of — t.  Chloruret 
of.  Tin,  muriate  of — t.  Deutohydrochlorate  of,  T. 
-  muriate  of. 

Tin-Foil,  Stannum  folia'tum,  Stanni'olum,  is 
used  for  plugging  carious  teeth,  &c. 

Tin-Glass,  Bismuth — t.  Granular,  see  Tin — t. 
Muriate  of,  superoxygenated,  T.  muriate  of. 

Tin,  Muriate  of,  Fuming  liquor  of  Liba'vius, 
Mu'rios  Stanni  seu  Oxyd'idi  Stanni,  Butter  or 
Ghlor'uret  or  Deu' to-hydro-chlorate  or  Sujyeroxy- 
gena'ted  lluriate  of  Tin.  This  is  formed  of  tin, 
one  part;  concentrated  muriatic  acid,  three  parts. 
To  be  crystallized  by  the  aid  of  heat.  A  violent 
cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  ij  or  iij. 

Tin,  Sulphuret  of,  Aurum  musivum. 
TINAGMUS,  Concussion. 
TINASMUS,  Tenesmus. 

TINCTU'RA,  from  tingere,  tinctiim,  '  to  dye.' 
Tincture,  Essen'tia,  (F.)  Teiniure  Alcuolique,  Al- 
coole,  Alcohol,  Alcoolature.  The  term  tincture  is 
generally  restricted  to  spirituous  solutions  of 
vegetable,  animal,  and  some  saline  substances. 
It  corresponds,  therefore,  with  the  word  Quintes'- 
cence,  in  one  of  its  old  significations;  and  with 
the  Alcoola'tum  of  the  Codex  of  Paris.  It  is  not 
unusual,  however,  to  speak  of  aqueous  tincture, 
ethereal  tincture  {Etherolature,  Beral),  &c.  Tinc- 
tures are  usually  made  either  with  pure  alcohol 
or  proof  spirit.  The  former  are  precipitated  by 
water;  and,  therefore,  are  seldom  used  inter- 
nally ;  the  latter  are  common  additions  to  infu- 
sions, decoctions,  &c.  They  ought  not,  of  course, 
to  be  united  with  any  vehicle  which  can  decom- 
pose them,  or  separate  any  thing  from  them  in  a 
palpable  form ;  unless  such  decomposition  is  de- 
sired by  the  prescriber.  In  making  tinctures, 
the  ingredients  should  be  reduced  to  a  coarse 


powder;  and  the  maceration  be  made  in  close 
vessels,  exposed  to  a  heat  of  about  80°,  and  fre- 
quently shaken.  When  completed,  they  must  be 
filtered,  and  put  away  for  use  in  close  bottles. 
When  the  process  of  displacement  is  employed, 
great  care  must  be  taken,  so  that  the  substances 
treated  may  be,  as  far  as  possible,  exhausted  of 
their  soluble  principles,  and  a  perfectly  clear 
tincture  be  obtained.  To  those  who  are  not  fa- 
miliar with  the  process,  the  plan  of  maceration  is 
preferable.— Ph.  U.  S. 

TiNCTURA  Absin'thii  Compos'ita,  Essen'tia 
absin'thii  compiosita  seu  amara,  Compound  Tinc- 
ture of  wormwood.  {Absinth.,  artem.  pontic, 
caryoph.  aa  ^ss,  sacch.  ^ij,  alcohol.  Oss.  Mace- 
rate for  fifteen  days.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  stomachic, 
vermifuge,  and  carminative.     Dose,  f  ^ij  to  f^ss. 

TiNCTURA  Acacia  Catechu,  T.  catechu  —  t. 
Acetatis  ferri  cum  alcohole,  see  T.  ferri  acetatis 
—  t.  Acidi  sulphurici,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aro- 
maticum. 

TiNCTDRA  Aconi'ti,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842.)  Tinc- 
tu'ra  Aconi'ti  folio' rum,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851.)  Tinc- 
ture of  Ac'  onite,  {Aconit.folior.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dibit. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter 
through  paper.  It  may  also  be  made  by  dis- 
placement. Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gtt.  XX  or  xxx.  It 
is  rubbed  on  the  seat  of  neuralgia. 

TiNCTURA  Aconi'ti  Radi'cis,  Tincture  of  Aco- 
nite root,  {Aconit.  radieis  contus.  Ibj,  Alcohol. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days  ;  express  and  filter. 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Ph. 
U.  S.)     Uses  same  as  the  last. 

TiNCTURA    ^THE'REA    CaMPHORA'tA,      Solu'tio 

cain'])horeB  (Bthe'rea,Liquor  nervi'nns  Bang'ii,Spi- 
ritns  sulphu'rico-cBthereus  camphora'tus.  Naphtha 
vitrioli  camphor  a' ta.  (Camphor.  Tp.  i.  ^ther  sul- 
pthuric.  p.  ii.)  Stimulant  in  atonic  diseases,  ar- 
thritic cardialgia,  and  spasm.  Dose,  20  to  30 
drops  in  white  wine. 

TiNCTURA  J5therea  Ferri,  Alcohol  (seu  Tinc- 
tura)  sulphurico-ajthereus  ferri  —  t.  Alcoholica 
Chinas  composita,  T.  cinchona  composita — t.  Al- 
coholica corticum  aurantiorum  Whyttii,  Tinctura 
cinchonse  amara  —  t.  Alexipharmaca  Huxhami, 
Tinctura  cinchonee  composita. 

TiNCTURA  Al'oes,  T.  A/'nes  Socotori'ncB,  Es- 
sen'tia Aloes,  Al'cohol  cum  Aloejyerfolia'ta,  Tinc- 
ture of  Aloes.  [Aloes,  pulv.  ^^j,  ext.  glycyrrh. 
^^iij,  aquoB  Oiss,  alcohol.  Oss.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties,  those 
of  aloes.     Dose,  f  ^ss  to  f  ^iss. 

Tinctura  Aloes  jEthe'rea,  T.  Aloes  vitriola'- 
ta,  ^the'real  Tincture  of  Aloes.  {Aloes  Socoi., 
Myrrh.,  aa  ^iss,  croci  ^j,  sp.  aetheria  sulph.  Oj. 
Digest  the  myrrh  in  the  ether  for  4  days ;  then 
add  the  aloes  and  safi'ron.  Ph.  E.)  Stimulant 
and  cathartic.     Dose,  f  ^j  to  f  ^'j- 

Tinctura  Aloes  Compos'ita,  Elix'ir  Proprie- 
ta'tis  seu  aperiti'vum  seu  Aloes,  Tinctura  Aloes 
cum  Myrrhd  seu  Aloes  et  Myrrh cb  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  seu 
Aloes  et  MyrrhcB  croea'ta.  Elixir  of  long  life. 
Compound  Tincture  of  Aloes,  (F.)  Elixir  de  tongue 
vie,  Baume  de  vie  de  Lelievre,  [Aloes,  in  pulv., 
^iij,  croci,  3J»  Tinct.  Myrrha,  Oij.)  Macerate 
for  14  days,  and  filter.  Purgative  and  stomachic. 
Dose,  f^j  to  f 3'j- 

Boerhaave' s  Elixir  consisted  of  aloes,  myrrh, 
saffron,  and  tartrate  of  potassa,  digested  in  alco- 
hol and  water. 

Radcliffe's  Elixir  is  formed  of  Aloes  socotr. 
^vj,  cort.  cinnam.,  rad.  zedoar,  aa  I^ss,  rad.  rhei 
3J,  coccinell.  _^ss,  syrup,  rhamni  ^ij,  sp.  tenuior. 
Oj,  aqucB  puree  i§v. 

Tinctura  Aloes  et  Myerh^b,  T.  aloes  com- 
posita—  t.  Aloes  et  myrrhse  crocata,  T.  A.  com- 
posita—  t.  Aloes  vitriolata,  T.  A.  tetherea  —  t. 
Amara,  T.  gentianie  composita  —  t.  Ammoniae 
composita,    Spiritus    ammoniaj    succinatus  —  t. 


TINCTURA 


915 


TINCTURA 


Amomi  repentis,  T.  carclamomi  —  t.  Amomi  ziii- 
giberis,  T.  zingiberis. 

TiNCTURA  Angustu'RjE,  T.  Cuspa'rim,  Tincture 
of  Angustura.  ( Cort.  ciispar.  in  pulv.  crass,  redact. 
^\j,  sp.vin.  ten.  Oij.  Dige&t.  Fh.  B.)  Dose,  f  ^j 
to  f  3ij. 

TiNCTURA  Antifebrilis  Waebdrgt,  see  Be- 
beeru. 

TiNCTURA  AntioDONTAL'gicA,  Toothnch  Tinc- 
ture. (Tannin,  ^j,  Mastich.  gr.  v,  cBther.  ^ij. 
M.)  To  be  applied  on  cotton  wool  to  the  tooth 
previously  dried. 

TiNCTURA  ARISTOLOCHI.E  Serpentari^,  T. 
serpentariae  —  t.  Aromatica,  T.  cinnamomi  com- 
posita — t.  Aromatica  ammoniata,  Spiritus  ammo- 
nise  aromaticus. 

TiNCTURA  Assafcb'tid^,  T.  Fer'ulm  Ansafce- 
tidcB,  T.  fce'tida  seu  assofvetidce,  Tincture  of  Assa- 
fcBtida.  (Assafoetid.  ^iv,  alcohol.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days  and  filter.  Ph.  D.)  Dose,  gtt. 
XV  to  f^j. 

TiNCTURA  AssAFCETiD^  Ammoniata,  Spiritus 
Ammonias  foetidus. 

TiNCTURA  Auran'tii,  T.  Cor'ticts  Aurantii, 
Tincture  of  Orange  Peel.  [Aurant.  cort.  recent. 
5iij,  sp.  red.  Oij.  Digest  for  14  daj's.)  Sto- 
machic. Used  as  an  adjunct  to  stomachic 
draughts.     Dose,  fgss  to  f^ij. 

TiNCTURA  Aurea,  Alcohol  seu  tinctura  sulpbu- 
rico-Kthereus  ferri. 

TiNCTURA  Belladon'nje,  Tincture  of  Bella- 
donna. [BelladonncB,  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilnt.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days  j  express,  and  filter  through 
paper.  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.    Ph.  U.  S.) 

TiNCTURA  Benzo'ini  Compos'ita,  T.  Ben'zoes 
comijosita,  Bcd'samum  CathoV icum  seu  Per'sicum 
seu  traumat'icum,  Elixir  Iraumcttictim,  Comptound 
Tincture  of  Benzoin,  Friar's  or  Vervain'8  Bal- 
sam, Wade's  or  Jesuit's  drops,  Conunander's  or 
Wound  Balsam,  Balsam  for  Cuts.  [Benzoin.  ^W^, 
styrac.  purif.  ^ij,  Balsam,  tolut.  ^j,  aloes,  in  pulv. 
3SS,  alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant.  Used  chiefly  to  wounds 
and  ulcers. 

The  basis  of  Turlington's  Balsam  of  Life,  Tur- 
lington's Balsam,  is  the  Compound  Tincture  of 
Benzoin.  The  following  form  is  recommended 
by  a  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy: — Alcohol.  Oviij,  Benzoin. ^x\j,  Styrac. 
liquid,  ^iv,  yj.focs  Socotrin.  ^j,  Balsam.  Peruvian. 
^ij,  MyrrhcB  ,^j,  Bad.  Angelic,  .^ss,  Balsam.  Tolut., 
£xt.  Glycyrrh.  aa  ^iv.  Digest  for  10  days,  and 
strain. 

The  Essence  of  Coltsfoot  consists  of  equal  parts 
of  the  Compound  Tincture  of  Benzoin  and  Bal- 
sam of  Tolii.,  to  which  is  added  double  the  quan- 
tity of  Rectified  Spirit  of  Wine,  It  is  sold  as  a 
pectoral. 

Tinctura  BucHU,  T.Buchn,  Tincture  of  Buchu. 
(Buch.  ^v.  Alcohol.  diJut.  Oij  (Imp.  meas.).  Di- 
gest for  seven  days  and  filter.  It  may  be  made, 
also,  by  percolation.  Ph.  E.)  Dose,  f^j  to 
fgiv. 

TiNCTURA  BucKU,  Tinctura  Buchu. 

Tinctura  Caluh'ej;;,  T.  Golumhcs  seu  Colom- 
h<B  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Tincture  of  Columho,  Columho 
Bitters,  [Columb.  rad.  cont.  §iv,  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days  ;  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  fgss  to  fgiv.  It  may,  also,  be 
made  by  displacement. 

Tinctura  Camphors,  Spiritus  camphorse. 

Tinctura  Cam'phor^  Compos'ita,  T.  Opii 
Camphora'fa  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Compound  Tincture  or 
Camphorated  Tincture  of  Opium,  Elixir  Pare- 
gor'icum,  Paregor'ie  Elixir.  {Opii,  in  pulv.. 
Acid  Benzoic,  aa  ^j  "L  anisi,  f^j,  mellis  despu- 
mat.  ^ij,  Camphor,  ^ij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Ma- 
cerate for  14  days,  and  filter  through  paper.  Ph. 


U.  S.)     One  fluidounce  contains  nearly  gr.  ij  of 
opium.     Anodyne.     Dose,  f  3J  to  f  3'ij- 

Squire's  Eli.cir,  an  empirical  carminative  pre- 
paration, is  thus  made,  according  to  one  formula. 
{Opii  ^iv,  camphor,  ^j,  coccinell.  §},  foenicul. 
dulc.  ^ij,  tinct.  serpent.  Oj,  sp.  anisi.  cong.  ij, 
aqucp,  Oij,  auri  musivi,  §vj.) 

Tinctura  Can'nabis  In'dicje,  Tincture  of  In- 
dian Hem]].  {Ext.  Cannah.  2)urif.  ^ss  (avoirdu- 
pois), sp.  rectificat.  Oss  (Imp.  meas.)  Dissolve. 
Ph.  D.)     Dose,  about  40  drops. 

Tinctura  Canthar'idis,  T.  C.  Vesicato'ria,  T. 
LyttcB  sen  3feloes  vesicato'rii.  Tincture  of  Cantha- 
rides,  Tincture  of  Blistering  Flies,  T.  of  Spanish 
Flies,  (F.)  Teinture  rubefiante.  {Cantharid.  cont. 
3ij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days; 
express,  and  filter.  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by 
displacement.  Ph._  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  diu- 
retic, but  not  often  used  internally.  Externally, 
stimulant.     Dose,  gtt.  x. 

Matthew's  Injection,  a  once  celebrated  nostrum 
for  fistula  in  ano,  consisted  wholly  of  a  dilute 
Tincture  of  Oantharides. 

Tinctura  Cap'sici,  Tincture  of  Capsicum  or 
Cayenne  Peppjer.  {Capsic.  ^j;  alcohol,  dil.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  It  may,  also, 
be  prepared  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimu- 
lant.    Dose,  f ^ss  to  f^j. 

Tinctura  Cardamo'mi,  T.  amo'mi  repen'tis, 
Tincture  of  Car'damoms.  {Cardam.  cont.  §iv, 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  strain, 
and  filter.  It  may,  also,  be  made  by  displace- 
ment. Ph.  U.  S.)  Use,  the  same  as  the  seeds. 
Dose,  f^j  to  f  ^iv. 

Solomon's  Balm  of  Gil'ead,  an  empirical  prepa- 
ration, seems  to  be  an  aromatic  tincture,- — of 
which  Cardamoms  form  a  leading  ingredient, 
— made  with  brandy.  Some  aflBrm  that  it  con- 
tains cantharides. 

Tinctura  Cardamomi  Compos'ita,  Tinctura 
Stomach'ica,  Compound  Tincture  of  Card'amoms, 
Stomach  Tincture.  {Cardamom,  cont.  ^vj,  Carui. 
cont.  3'j»  cinnam.  eont.  ^v,  Uva  passes  demptis 
acinis,  ^v,  cocci,  cont.  3^j,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oiiss. 
Macerate  for  14  days  ;  express  and  filter.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Stomachic  and  carminative.  Dose,  f^ij 
to  f  5iv. 

Tinctura  Carminati'ta  Syl'vii,  Aleoola'tum 
Carminati'vum  Sylvii,  Carminative  Elixir  of  Syl- 
vius. {Bad.  angelic.  4  p.,  rad.  imperator.,  galang. 
aa  6  ^.,  fol.  rosmarin.,  maj'oran.,  rutcB,  basilic,  aa 
48  p.,  baccar.  laur.  nobil.  12  p.  sem.  angelic,  li- 
gust.  levist.,  anis.  aa  16  p.,  zingib.,  nuc.  moschat. 
aa  6  p.,  cinnam.  12  p.,  caryoph.,  cort.  limon.  aa  4 
p.  Add  alcohol  1500  p.  Macerate  and  distil, 
1000  p.  Ph.  P.)  A  warm  stomachic,  carmina- 
tive, &c.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f^^ss. 

Tinctura  Cascaril'l^,  T.  Croto'nis  Eleuthe'- 
rics,  Al'cohol  cum  Croto'ne  Cascarilld,  Tincture 
of  Cascarilla.  {Cascarill.  cort.  cont.  ^^'V,  sp.  ten. 
Oij.     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  f^j  to  f^iv. 

Tinctura  Casto'rei,  T.  Castorei  Ros'sici  seu 
Castorei  Canaden'sis,  Essen'tia  Castorei,  Al'cohol 
castoria'tum,  Tincture  of  Castor.  {Castor  cont. 
^ij,  alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate  for  7  days,  express, 
and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Tonic  and  antispasmodic. 
Dose,  gtt.  XX  to  f  3^ij,  or  more. 

Tinctura  Castorei  Compos'ita,  T.  C.  ammo- 
nia'ta,  Conqiound  Tincture  of  Castor.  {Cast,  ^j, 
g.  asafoetid.  ^ss,  alcohol,  ammoniat.  Oj.  Ph.  £.) 
Antispasmodic.  Dose,  f  ^j  to  f  ^i^-  Called,  also, 
Elixir  foe' tidum,  Tinctura  castorei  foctida  sen  foe- 
tida  ammonia'ta. 

Tinctura  Cat'echu,  Tinctura  Japon'ica  seu 
3Iimo'scB  Catechu  seu  Aca'cim  Catechu,  Tincture 
of  Catechu.  Catech.  ^iij,  cinnam.  contus.  ,^ij, 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  ex- 
press and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Astringent.  Dose, 
f 3J  to  f^ij. 


TINCTURA 


916 


TINCTURA 


The  Concentrated  Solution  of  Charcoal,  Rolfii  for 
cleaning  the  teeth,  seems  to  be  little  more  than 
the  tineture  of  catechu. 

TiNCTURA  Chirett'jE,  Tiiicture  of  CMret'ta. 
(Chirett.  cont.  ^v,  (avoird.)  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
(Imp.  raeas.)  Macerate  for  14  days.  Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  f  5Ji  or  f  ,^ij,  as  a  tonic. 

TixcTURA  CicuT^,  T.  conii  maculati. 
TiNCTURA  Cincho'n.E,  T.  Cor'ticis  Perima'ni 
Simjilex  sen  Cort.  Peruvia'ni,  Tincture  of  Cincho- 
na or  of  Bark.  {Cinchon.  flav.  in  puly.  ^vj, 
alcohol,  dibit.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  ex- 
press, and  filter  through  paper.  It  may,  also,  be 
made  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f^j 
to  i^n-,  or  more. 

TiNCTURA  Cincho'NjE  Ama'ra  seu  alcohol'ica 
corticum  anrantio' rum  Whyttii  seu  Kinki'nm 
ama'ra,  Elixir  antihypoehondri' acum  seu  roV- 
orans  Whyt'tii  seu  Whyttii  seu  stomach' iciim 
spirituo'sum,  Essen'tia  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni  Com- 
posita.  (Cinch,  p.  viij,  Gentian.  Pad.,  Cort. 
Auranf.p.u^.  Alcohol.  (-MO)  96  p.  Digest.  Dose, 
one  or  two  teaspoonfuls.) 

TiNCTURA  Cinchonas  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Cor'ticis 
Peruvia'ni  volat'ilis,  Ammoniated  or  Volatile 
Tincture  of  Bark.  {Cinchon.  luncifol.  cort.  cont. 
^iv,  sp.  amnion,  aromat.  Oij.  Ph.  L.)  In  dys- 
pepsia, combined  with  acidity  and  languor. 

TiNCTURA  Cinchona  J3the'rea  Compos'ita, 
T.  Kinm  Kince  (pthe'rea  compos'ita,  Elixir'ium. 
Autisep'ticum.  Docto'ris  Chaussier,  Cliaussier's 
Antisep'tie  Elixir.  [Cinchon.  officin.  gij,  cas- 
carill.  ^ss,  cinnam.  3''j'  croci  ^is,  sacch.  all). 
|5x.xxviij.  Put  these  bruised  into  a  matrass,  and 
add  vin.  alb.  Hispianic.  vel  vin.  muscat.,  alcohol. 
aa  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  days,  and  add  sulphuric 
ether  f^iss.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  stimulant,  and  an- 
tiseptic.    Dose,  f 3ss  to  f^j. 

TiNCTURA  Cinchona  Compos'ita,  T.  Cor'ticis 
Peruvia'ni  Composita  seu  febrif'uga  Uocto'ris 
Hnxha'mi  seu  Alexiphar' macn  Huxhami  seu  Al- 
cohol'ica China  Comjios' ita,  Essen'tia  Chinee  seu 
Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni  Alexiphar' maca  Huxhami 
seu  antisep'tica  Huxhami,  Compound  Tincture 
of  Cinchona  or  Bark,  Huxham's  Tincture  of  Bark. 
[Cinchon.  rubr.  pulv.  ^\j,aHrant.  cort.  cont.  §iss, 
ierpent.  cont.  ^iij,  croci,  sanlul.  aa  ^j,  alcohol, 
dihit.  f^xx.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be  made  by 
displacement.  More  grateful  than  the  simple 
tincture.     Dose,  f  ^j  to  f  3''j- 

TiNCTURA  Cinnamo'mi,  T.  Lauri  Cinnamomi, 
Essen' tia  Cinnamomi,  Tincture  of  Cinnamon.  [Cin- 
nam. cont.  ,^iij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Stomachic. 
Dose,  fgj  to  f  3'j- 

TiNCTURA  Cinnamo'mi  Compos'ita,  T.  seu  Es- 
sen'tia  Aromat'ica,  Alcool  cum.  Aromat'ihus  Com- 
pos'itus,  Compound  Tincture  of  Cinnamon,  (F.) 
Eau  de  Bonferme  ou  d'Armagnac.  [Cinnnm. 
cont.  ^^j,  cardam.  cont.  ^ss,  zingib.  cont.  3"i' 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  ex- 
press, and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be 
prepared  by  displacement.  Use,  same  as  the  last. 
Dose,  f ,^j  to  f,5iij. 

TiNCTURA  Cocci  Cacti,  Tincture  of  Coch'ineal. 
(Cocci  pulv.  gij  (avoird.),  alcohol,  dilut.  Oj.  (Imp. 
meas.  Ph.  D.)  Chiefly  a  colouring  ingredient. 
At  times,  given  in  nervous  affections.  Dose,  gtt. 
xij  to  f  3J. 

TiNCTURA  DE  Cocelea'riis,  Alcoola' turn  de 
Cochlea'riis  se\l  antiscorbu'ticiiin.  [Fol.  cochlear, 
recent.  2500  p.,  rad.  armoracicB,  2.S0  p.,  alcohol. 
(22°  to  32°  Beaume)  3000  p.,  distil  off  2000  p. 
Ph.  P.)     Antiscorbutic.     Dose,  f^ij  to  f,f  j. 

TiNCTUR.i  Col'chici,  T.  C.  Sem'inis,  \ph.  JJ. 
S.),  Tincture  of  Colchicum   Seed.      [Colchic.  sem. 


cont. 


iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  expre.ss,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  ten  to 
sixty  drops. 

TiNCTURA    COLCHICI    COMPOSITA,    Spiritus     Col- 

chici  ammoniatus— t.  Colchici  seminis,  T.  colchici 
—  t.  Colombae,  T.  Calumbee. 

TiNCTURA  CoNl'l,  T.  C.  Macula'ti,  T.  Cicn'to'., 
Tincture  of  Hemlock.  [Conii  fol.  ^iv,  alcohol, 
dil.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  JJ.  S.)  It  may  also  be  made  by  displace- 
ment.    Use;  —  the  same  as  that  of  the  leaves. 

TiNCTURA  Conii  Maculati,  T.  conii  —  t.  Con- 
volvuli  Jalapse,  T.  jalapii  —  t.  Cortieis  aurantii, 
T.  aurantii  —  t.  Cortieis  Peruviani  composita,  T. 
cinchonas  comp.  —  t.  Cortieis  Peruviani  simplex, 
T.  cinch onse  —  t.  Cortieis  Peruviani  volatilis,  T. 
cinehonge  ammoniata. 

TiNCTURA  Croci  Sati'vi,  T.  Croci,  Tincture 
of  Saffron.  [Croci  Angl.  cont.  ^j,  alcohol,  dilut. 
|xv.  Ph.  E.)  Slightly  stomachic  [?].  DosCjf^j 
to  f.^iij. 

TiNCTURA  DE  Croco  Qoiivos'vTX,  Elixir'iimi  de 
Gams,  Alcoola' turn  de  Croco  Compjos' itnm ,  Com- 
pound Tincture  of  Saffron,  Elixir  of  Garus. 
[Aloes  Socotr.  320  p.,  myrrh.  64  p.,  croci.  32  p., 
cinnam.,  nuc.  moschat.,  caryoph.  aa,  16  p.,  alcohol. 
1000  p.  aq.  flor.  aurant.  5000  p.  Digest  for  two 
days  ;  distil  4000  p.  and  add  syrup  of  capillaire, 
5000  p.  Ph.  P.)  Aromatic,  cordial,  stomachic. 
It  is  also  called  Elixir  cordia'le  et  stomach'icum, 
and  E.  anticol'icum  croca'tum. 

TiNCTURA  Croto'nis,  Tincture  of  Crofon.  Un- 
der this  name  Mr.  E.  Wilson  recommends  *a 
most  valuable  cutaneous  stimulant,'  made  by  add- 
ing four  fluidounees  of  alcohol  to  one  ounce  of  the 
bruised  seeds  of  Croton  tiglium. 

TiNCTURA  Crotonis  Eleutheri^,  T.  casca- 
rillse. 

TiNCTURA  Cubes'^,  Tincture  of  Cubebs.  [Cii- 
beb.  cont.  ,^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  one  or 
two  fiuidrachms. 

TiNCTURA  CusPARi^,  Tinctura  Augusturae. 

TiNCTURA  Digita'lis,  T.  Digitalis  purpu'rem. 
Tincture  of  Digitalis.  [Digital.  ^\y,  alcohol,  di- 
lut. Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.) 
It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Use, 
same  as  that  of  the  leaves.     Dose,  gtt.  x. 

TiNCTURA  Er'got^,  Tincture  of  Ergot.  [Ergot. 
in  pulv.  crass.  ,^viij  (avoird.),  Sp.  tenuior.  Oij, 
(Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.     Ph.D.)     Dose,  f  5  to  f^ij. 

TiNCTURA  Er'got^e  jSIthe'rea,  Ethe'real  Tinc- 
ture of  Ergot,  [Ergot,  contus.  ^s.v,  -^ther.  Oij, 
(Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  for  7  days,  express,  and 
filter.     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  60  to  90  minims. 

TiNCTURA  Febrifuga  Doctoris  Huxhami,  T. 
einchonse  composita. 

Tinctura  Ferri  Aceta'tis,  Tincture  of  Ace- 
tate of  Iron.  [Potass,  acetat.  ^ij,  sulph.  ferri. 
5J,  sp.  rectif.  Oij.  Rub  the  acetate  and  sulphate 
into  a  soft  mass.  Dry  and  rub  with  the  spirit. 
Digest  for  7  days,  and  pour  off.  Ph.  D.)  Tunic 
and  astringent.  Dose.  gtt.  xx  to  f^j.  The  Dub- 
lin college  directs  a  Tinctura  Acetatis  Ferri  cum 
Alcoho'le,  which  differs  from  the  other,  in  having 
half  the  quantity,  onlj',  of  the  Acetate  of  Potass. 

Tinctura  Ferri  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Ferri  Am- 
moniaco'lis  seu  Florum  7nartia'linm  seu  llartis 
Mynsich'ti,  Tincture  of  Ammoniated  Iron.  [Ferri 
ammon.  ^\v,  sp.  ten.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Use — same  as 
that  of  the  ammoniated  iron.    Dose,  f^ss  tof^'j- 

Tinctura  Ferki  Ammo'nio-Chlo'ridi,  Tinc- 
ture of  Ammonio-chloride  of  Iron,  [Ferri  ammo- 
nio-ehlorid.   ^iv,   alcohol,  dilut.,   aquce  desiillat. 


TINCTURA 


917 


TINCTURA 


aa  Oj.  (Imp.  meas.)  Dissolve  and  filter.  Ph.  L.) 
Dose,  gtt.  X  to  XX. 

TiNCTURA  Ferri  Chloridi,  T.  ferri  muriatis. 

TiNCTURA  Ferri  MtiRiA'Tis,  T.  Ferri  chlo'ridi 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  sesqui-chlo'ridi  seu  Martis  in  Spi- 
ritu  Sails  seu  llartis  cum  Spiriin  Sails  seu  Ferri 
ilnria'ti,  Liquor  Ferri  Muria'tia,  Tincture  of 
3Iuriate  of  Iron,  Tincture  of  Steel,  Alcohol  ferra'- 
tus.  (Ferri  subcarb.  Ibss,  acid,  muriut.  Oj, 
alcohol.  Oiij.  Add  the  acid  to  the  subearbonate 
in  a  glass  vessel,  and  shake  during  three  days. 
Pour  off  and  add  the  spirit.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Tonic 
and  styptic.  It  has  been  given,  also,  with  ad- 
vantage in  erysipelas  and  scarlatina  in  the  dose 
of  TT\^  X  to  Tr^  XX,  every  two  or  three  hours.  Dose, 
gtt.  X  to  XX. 

Bestucheff's  Tincture  or  Klriproth's  Tincture  is 
an  ethereal  tincture  of  chloride  of  iron.  It  is 
composed  of  dry  perchloride  of  iron,  one  part; 
Hoffrn-unn's  anodyne  liquor,  seven  parts. 

The  Antivenereal  Drops,  at  one  time  so  cele- 
brated at  Amsterdam,  were  examined  by  Scheele, 
and  found  to  be  a  tincture  of  chloride  of  iron  and 
corrosive  sublimate. 

TiNCTURA  Ferri  Sesquichloridi,  T.  Ferri 
muriatis — t.  Ferulae  Assafoetidte,  T.  Assafoetidas— 
t.  Florum  martialium,  T.  ferri  ammoniata — t.  Foe- 
tida,  T.  assafoetidse  —  t.  Foetida  ammoniata,  T. 
castorei  composita  —  t.  Fuliginis,  see  Fuligo. 

TiNCTDRA  Gal'bani,  Tincture  of  Galbanum. 
{Galb.  ^ij,  sp.  tenuior.  Oij.  Ph.  D.)  Stimulant 
and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  f^j  to  f.^'U- 

TiNCTURA  GaLLA'rUII,  T.  GallcE,  [Ph.  U.  S.) 
Tincture  of  Galls.  [Gall,  contus.  §iv,  alcohol, 
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and 
filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by 
displacement.     Astringent.     Dose,  f^j  to  f  ^i'j- 

TiNCTURA  Gentia'NjeCompos'ita,  Tinct.Ama'- 
ra,  Elix'ir  Stomach'icum,  Compound  Tincture  of 
Gentian,  Spirit  Bitters.  (Gent,  concis.  ^^ij,  an- 
rant.  cart,  ^j,  cardam.  cont.  §ss.  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
It  may,  likewise,  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Tonic  and  stomachic.     Dose,  f^j  to 

Brodum's  Nervoiis  Cordial  consists  of  the  Tinc- 
tures of  Gentian,  Columba,  Cardamom,  and  Bark, 
with  the  Compound  Spirit  of  Lavender,  and  Wine 
of  Iron. 

Stoughton's  Elixir  is  a  compound  tincture  of 
gentian.  The  EUxir'ium  Docto'ris  Stoughton  seu 
Tinctu'ra  Ama'ra  of  the  Parisian  Codex  is  pre- 
pared as  follows:  —  Absinth,  summit,  exsiecat., 
Teucri  chamcedrys.  Bad.  gentian.,  cort.  auranf., 
aa  ^vj,  cascarillcB  ^j,  rhei  ^ss,  aloes  socotr.  ^j, 
alcohol.  Oij.)     Digest. 

TiNCTURA  Guai'aci,  T.  Guciiaci  Officina'lia, 
Tincture  of  Guai'acum.  (Guaiac.  Ibss,  alcohol. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  sudorific.  Used  especially  in  rheu- 
matic and  arthritic  cases.  Nearly  the  same  as 
Sill's  Essence  of  Bardana  or  Burdock. 

TiNCTURA  Guai'aci  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Guaiaci'na 
Volat'ilia,  T.  Guai'aci,  (Ph.  L.  1788,)  Elixir 
Guai'aci  Yolatilis,  Al'cohol  cum  Guai'aco  offici- 
na'le  ammoni'atus,  A.  amnionic^  et  Guai'aci,  Am- 
moniated  Tincture  of  Guai'acum,  Vol'atile  Tinc- 
ture of  Guai'acum.  ( Guaiac.  pulv.  ^iv,  sp.  ammon. 
arom.  Oiss.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Properties  same  as  the  last.     Dose, 

m  to  f  3ij- 

Hatfield's  Tincture  —  a  nostrum  —  consists  of 
Guaiacum  and  Soapi,  aa  ^'j-  rectified  spirit,  Oiss. 

TiNCTURA  Hei.leb'ori,  T.  Helleb'ori  Nigri,  T. 
ilelampo'dii.  Tincture  of  Black  Hellebore.  (Hel- 
leb.  nigr.  cont.  ,^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express  and  filter.  It  may  also  be 
prepared  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
f  3ss  to  f3J. 


TiNOTKRA  HiERA,  Yinum  aloes. 

TiNCTtuiA  Hu'jri'Li,  T.  Lu'puH,  Tincture  of 
Hops.  {Humuli,  ^v,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.)  Tonic 
and  sedative.     Dose,  f  ^ss  to  f.^^iij- 

TiNCTURA  IIyoscy'ami,  T.  Hyoscyami  nigri. 
Tincture  of  Henbane.  [Hyoscyam.fol.  §iv,  alco- 
hol.  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and 
filter.  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Narcotic,  anodyne.  Dose,  gtt.  xx. 
to  fg^ij. 

TiNCTURA  Io'dini,(PL  U.  <S'.,1842,)  T.  Jodin'ii, 
{Ph.  U.  S.,  185L)  Alcohol  lo'dii.  Tincture  of 
Iodine.  (Todin.  ^j,  alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  The  tincture  spoils  by  keeping,  or  at 
least,  deposits  the  iodine.  It  has  been  much 
used  in  goitre,  &o.  Dose,  ten  drops  three  times 
a  day. 

An  ethereal  and  a  chloroform  tincture  of  iodine 
have  been  used,  to  affect  the  system  with  iodine 
bj'  inhalation. 

TiNCTURA  lODINI  COMPOS'lTA,  {Ph.  U.  .S'.,1842,) 
T.  lodin'ii  Compcjsita,  {Ph.  U.  S.,  1851,)  Com- 
p)ound  Tincture  of  Iodine.  (lodin..  ^ss.  Potassii 
iodid.  "g].  Alcohol.  Oj.  Diss<>lre.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  10  to  30  drops. 

TiNCTURA  Jala'pii,  T.  Jala'pcB,  {Ph.  U.  S.)  seu 
Convol'vuli  Jala2}cB,  Vall'ga,  J'iucture  of  Jalap. 
{Jalap,  pulv.  5vi,  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It 
may  also  be  made  by  displacement.  Cathartic. 
Dose,  f  5J  to  f  5iv. 

TiNCTURA  Jala'pii  Compos'ita,  Elixir  Ja- 
lap'cB  Compos'itum  seu  jiurgans  seu  anthelmin'ti- 
cum  Sueco'rum,  Essen'tia  cathol'ica  pjurgans  Bo- 
th'ii,  (F.)  Eau  de  vie  Allemande.  {Jalap.  Ibss, 
Scamnion.  ^j,  Alcohol.  (22°)  Ovj.  Macerate  for 
eight  days.     Ph.  P.)     Dose,  60  to  100  drops. 

TiNCTURA  Japonica,  Tinctura  catechu  —  t. 
Kinse  kinse  ajtherea  composita,  Tinctura  cinehonse 
agtherea  composita — t.  Kinkinse  amara,  Tinctura 
cinchonae  amara. 

Tinctura  Kino.  Tincture  of  Kino.  {Kino,  in 
pulv.,  ^vj ;  Alcohol,  dilut.  q.  s.  Put  the  kino, 
mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  sand,  into  a  perco- 
lator, and  gradually  pour  on  diluted  alcohol 
until  f^viij  of  filtered  liquor  pass.  The  tincture 
should  be  renewed  frequently,  and  kept  in  closely 
stopped  bottles.  Ph.  tl.  S.)  Astringent.  Dose, 
f5J  tof^ij. 

Tinctu'ra  KraMe'ri^,  Tincture  of  Bhatany. 
{Kramer,  in  pulv.  ,^vj,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement.     Dose, 

Tinctura  Lactcca'rii,  Tincture  of  Lactuca'- 
rium.  {Lactucar.  in  pulv.  ,^iv,  *S};.  tenuior.  Oij. 
(Imp.  meas.)  Best  prepared  by  percolation. 
Ph.  E.)     Dose,  .30  minims  to  f  ^j. 

Tinctura  Lauri  Cinnajiomi,  Tinctura  cinna- 
momi — t.  Lavandulae  composita,  SpLritus  lavand. 
comp. 

Tinctura  Ltmo'nis,  Tincture  of  Lemon  peel. 
{Limon.  cort.  ^:^iiiss,  Sp.  tenuior.  Oij.  (Imp.  meas.) 
Macerate  for  7  days,  express  and  filter.  Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  f3-j  to  f^ij. 

Tinctu'ra  Lobe'li^,  Tincture  of  Lobelia. 
{Lobel.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  f^j 
to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Lobe'li^  ^the'rea,  Ethe'real  Tinc- 
ture of  Lobe'lia.  {Lobel.  pulv.  ^v,  Sp.  cBfher. 
suljjh.  Oij.  (Imp.  meas.)  Ph.  E.  and  L.)  Dose, 
same  as  the  last. 

Tinctura  Lupuli,  Tinctura  Humuli,  T.  Lu- 
pulinse. 

Tinctu'ra  Lupuli'n^,  T.  Lu'pjuli,  {Ph.  E.) 
Tincture  of  Lu'puline.     {Lu2iulin.  ^iv,    alcohol. 


TINCTURA 


918 


TINCTURA 


Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  TJ.  S.) 
Dose,  f  3J  to  f^ij. 

TiNCTURA  LvTT.E.Tincturacantharidis — t.  Mar- 
tis  Glauberi,  see  Ferrum  tartarizatum — t.  Martis 
in  spiritll  salis,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — t.  Martis 
Mynsichti,  Tinctura  ferri  ammoniata — t.  Martis 
vinosa,  Vinum  ferri. 

Tinctura  Matico,  Tincture  of  ilatico.  [Matico 
in  pulv.  crass.  §viij,  (avoird.)  Sp.  tenuior.  Oij. 
(Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.     Ph.  D.)     Dose,  fjj  to  f  giij. 

Tinctura  Mblampodii,  Tinctura  hellebori 
nigri — t.  Meloes  vesicatorii,  Tinctura  cantharidis 
—  t.  Metallorum,  Lilium  Paracelsi  —  t.  Mimosse 
catechu,  Tinctura  catechu. 

Tinctura  Moschi,  Tincture  or  Usuence  of  Hush. 
(Mosch.  in  pulv.  redact.  3'J-  *i^-  "''"'  '"*'*•  ^J* 
Dose,  f  3J  to  {^iv. 

Tinctura  Myrrhs,  Tincture  of  ^fyrrli,  Simple 
Tincture  of  Myrrh.  {JIi/rrhcB  contusas  §iv,  alco- 
hol Oiij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Tonic,  deobstruent,  antiseptic,  and  deter- 
gent. It  is  chiefly  used  in  gargles,  and  applied 
to  foul  ulcers,  spongy  gums,  &c. 

Hudson's  Preservative  for  the  Teeth  and  Gums 
consists  of  Tinct.  myrrh.,  tinct.  cinch,,  aq.  cinnam. 
aa  ^iij,  eau  d'arquebusade  ^j,  pulv.  c/um.  Arab. 
^ss.     M. 

Tinctura  Nervina  Bestucheffii,  Tinctura 
seu  alcohol  sulphurieo-ifithereus  ferri — t.  Nervina 
Halensis,  Tinctura  seu  alcohol  sulphurico-£ethe- 
reus  ferri — t.  Nervino-tonica,  Lamotte's,  Alcohol 
seu  Tinctura  sulphurico-sethereus  ferri. 

Tinctura  Nucis  Vom'ic^e,  Tincture  of  Nux 
Vomica.  (Alcohol,  s.  g.  8.37,  f,^ j  ;  Dri/  Extract 
of  Nux  Vomica,  3  gr.)  Dose,  gtt.  v  to  xxs,  in 
cases  where  the  nux  vomica  is  indicated. 

It  is  directed,  in  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  (1851),  to  be  prepared  as  follows  : — Nucis  vo- 
miccB  rasur.,  ^^''J  >  nlcohol,  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  pre- 
pared by  the  process  of  displacement.  Dose,  gtt. 
V  to  XX. 

Tinctura  Olei  Mentha  Piperi't^,  Tincture 
of  Oil  of  Peppermint,  Essence  of  Peppermint. 
(01.  menthcB  piperitcs.  f.^ij.  alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  5  drops,  as  a  carminntive. 

Tinctura  Olei  Mentha  Vir'idis,  Tincture  of 
Spearmint,  Essence  of  Spearmint,  is  made  in  the 
same  manner.     Ph.  TJ.  S. 

Tinctura  O'pii,  T.  Theba'ica  seu  Sedati'va, 
Theriaca  cceles'tis,  Al'cohol  cum  Opio,  Tincture 
of  Oinum,  Liquid  Lau'danum.  (Opii  pulv. 
gijss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Nineteen  minims 
contain  about  one  grain  of  opium.  Properties, 
those  of  opium.  Dose,  gtt.  xx  to  Ix  and  more. 
By  macerating  the  dregs  remaining  after  making 
the  Tinctura  Opii  in  a  solution  of  Tartaric  Acid, 
a  solution  is  obtained,  which  is  said  to  be  devoid 
of  the  exciting  and  constipating  properties  of  the 
tincture  of  opium.  Gray  calls  it  Haden's  Liquor 
Opii  Sedati' inia. 

Tinctu'ra  Opii  Aceta'ta,  Ac"etated  Tincture 
of  Opium.  (Opii  §ij  ;  aceti,  f§xij  ;  alcohol.  Oss. 
Rub  the  opium  with  the  vinegar;  add  the  alco- 
hol, and  having  macerated  for  14  days,  express 
and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Twenty  drops  are  equi- 
valent to  a  grain  of  opium. 

Tinctura  Opii  Ajimokia'ta,  Ammo'niated  Tinc- 
ture of  Opium,  Edinburgh  Paregor'io  Elix'ir. 
[Flor.  benz.,  croci,  aa  J^iij,  opii  I^ij,  ol  anisi  ^ss, 
alcohol,  ammoniat.  f^xvj.  Digest.  Ph.  E.) 
f  l^j  contains  one  grain  of  opium.  Used  like  the 
Tinctura  Camphorce  Compiosita. 

Tinctura  Opii  Camphorata,  Tinctura  cam- 
phoras  composita  —  t.  Plumbosa,  Liquor  Plumbi 
subacetatis  dilutus. 

Tinctura    Quas'si^,    T.    Quassia    excel'sm, 


Tincture  of  Quassia.  (Quassim  rasur.  ^ij,  al- 
cohol, dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared 
by  displacement.     Tonic.     Dose,  f ^j  to  f^'j- 

Tinctura  Quas'sijg  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Quas'sia  (Cardam.  sem.  contus., 
Cocci  contus.  aa  §ss;  Cinnam.,  Quassice,  aa  5^'J  J 
Uvar pasar,  ,^vij;  Sp.  tenuior.  Oij  (Imp.  meas.). 
Digest  for  7  days ;  express  and  filter.  May  bg 
prepared  also  by  percolation.  Ph.  E.)  Dose,  as 
a  tonic,  f^j  or  f^ij- 

Tinctur.e  QuiNjE  Compos'ita,  Compound  Tinc- 
ture of  Qui'na.  (Quiniw  sulph,  ^v  and  Qj  > 
Tinct.  aurantii,  Oij,  (Imp.  meas.)  Oij.  Digest  for 
7  days  and  filter.  Ph.  L.)  f^j,  contains  a  grain 
of  the  sulphate. 

Tinctura  Qui'nIjS  Sulpha'tis,  Tincture  of 
Sulphate  of  Qui'nia.  (Sulphate  of  Quinia,  gr.  vj  ; 
cdcohol,  (-847)  f I j.  M.)  Dose,  fgj  to  f^iv,  in 
the  day. 

Tinctura  Cincho'nicB  SuIpTia'tis  may  be  made 
in  a  similar  manner. 

TiNCTtTRA  Rhabarbari,  Tinctura  rhei — t.  Rha- 
barbari  composita,  Tinctura  rhei  composita  —  t. 
Rhabarbari  vinosa,  Yinum  rhei  palmati. 

Tinctura  Rhei,  T.  Rhabarb'ctri  seu  Rhabar- 
bari spirituo'sa  seu  Elicei  seu  Rhei palma'ti,  Tinc- 
ture of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei  contus.  ^iij,  cardam. 
cont.  ^ss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  pre- 
pared by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S)  Stomachic 
or  purgative,  according  to  the  dose  employed  : 
f^j  to  gij,  as  a  stomachic^  f^i^  to  ^j,  as  a  pur- 
gative. 

Tinctura  Rhei  Cojipos'ita,  T.  Rhabarbari 
composita.  Compound  Tincture  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei 
rad.  concis.  ^ij,  glycyrrhiz.  rad.  eont.  jss,  zin- 
gib.  rad.  concis.,  croci  stigmat.  aa  3'J'  o^'^B 
f^xij,  sjj.  ten.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Properties  same  as 
the  last. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Al'oes,  Elixir  sacrum., 
Tincture  of  Rhubarb  and  Aloes.  (Rhei  concis. 
^x,  aloes  pulv.  ^vj,  cardam.  cont.  ^ss,  alcohol, 
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Properties  like  the  last. 

Rymer's  Car'diac  Tincture  consists  of  an  infu- 
sion of  Capsicum,  Camphor,  Cardamom  seeds, 
Rhubarb,  Aloes  and  Castor  in  Proof  Spirit,  with 
a  very  small  quantity  of  Sulphuric  Acid. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Gentia'n^e,  Tinctura  Rhei 
Ama'ra,  Tincture  of  Rliubarh  with  Gen'tian. 
(Rhei  cont.  ^ij,  gentian,  cont.  ^ss,  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.    Properties  same  as  the  last. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Senn^e,  Tincture  of  Rhu- 
barb and  Senna,  Warner's  Gout  Cordial.  (Rhei 
cont.  ^j,  senncB,  3'J'  coriandr.  cont.,  fcenicul. 
cont.  aa  ^j,  santal.  rasur.  ^ij,  croci,  ext.  glycyr- 
rhiz. rad.  aa  ,^ss,  uvar.  passar.  acinis  exemptis, 
Ibss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oiij.  Macerate  for  14  daysj 
express   and   filter.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^ss  to 

f^ij- 

Tincttjra  Rhcei,  Tinctura  rhei  —  t.  Rhoei 
amara,  Tinctura  rhei  et  gentianae  —  t.  Sacra,  Vi- 
num aloes. 

Tinctura  Sanguina'ri.?;,  Tincture  of  Blood- 
root.  (Sanguinar.  cont.  Sjiv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U. 
S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Dose,  30  to  60  drops. 

Tinctura  Saponis  Camphorata,  Linimentum 
saponis  —  t.  Saponis  et  opii,  Linimentum  saponis 
et  opii. 

Tinctura  Scilljb,  Tincture  of  Squill.  (Sci/lce 
^iy,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  made  by  dis- 
placement.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gtt.  XV  to  Ix. 

Tinctura  Sedatita,  Tinctura  opii. 


TINCTURE 


919 


TINCTURE 


TiNCTURA  Senn^,  T.  SemxB  Compos'ita,  Elixir 
Salii'lis,  Daffi/'s  Elixir,  Tincture  of  Senna.  {Sen- 
na foL  §iij,  cariii  sem.  cont.  3'U»  cardam.  sem. 
cont.  Jj,  iivarmn  passurum  demptis  acinis,  3^^'> 
sp.  ten.  Oij.  Ph.  L.  &  D.)  Stomcachic,  carmina- 
tive and  cathartic.     Dose,  f^ij  to  f^j. 

Tincture  SenNvE  et  Jala'p^,  Tincture  of 
Senna  and  Jalap.  [Sennce  ^ii.ii  jalap,  pulv.  ^j, 
coriandr.  cont.,  carui  cont.,  aa  ^ss,  cardam.  cont. 
gij,  sacch.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oiij.  Macerate  for 
14  daj's,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  fgij 
to  f  gj. 

TiNCTURA  Serpenta'rIvE,  T.  Serpenta' ri(B  seu 
Yirginia'ncB  seu  Aristolochi'cB  Serpjentaricp.,  Tinc- 
ture of  Snakerooot.  (Pad.  serpent,  ^iij,  alcohol, 
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by 
displacement.     Tonic.     Dose,  fjss  to  f^U- 

TiNCTURA  Stomachica,  Tinctura  cardamomi 
composita. 

TiNCTURA  Stramo'nii,  Tincture  of  Stramo'- 
nium.  (Stramon.  sem.  cont.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dibit. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.    Dose,  ten  to  twenty  minims. 

TiNCTURA  Strych'ni^,  Tincture  of  Strych'nia. 
{Alcohol,  s.  g.  '837,  Oj,  StrychnicB,  gr.  iij.)  Dose, 
6  drops  to  24.     Properties,  those  of  strychnia. 

Tinctura  (seu  Al'cohol)  Sulphu'rico-j3Ethe- 
EEUS  Ferri,  Gutta  nervi'na,  Liquor  Anud'ynns 
3Iartia'li8,  Al'cohol  athe'rens  ferra'tns,  NajA'tha 
Vitrioli  -Martia'lia,  Solutio  Muriatis  ferrici  athe- 
rea,  Spir'itus  siil2}hurico-eBthe'reus  martialis, 
Tinctii'ra  nervi'na  Halen'sis  seu  Ton'ico-nervi'na 
Halen'sis  seu  au'rea  seu  nervina  Bestucheffii  seu 
nervino-ton'ica  (Lamotte's)  seu  athe'rea  ferri, 
jEther  Martia'lis,  De  La  Matte's  Golden  Drops, 
Bestucheff's  Nervous  Tincture,  (F.)  Elixir  d' Or 
de  3f.  le  General  De  La  3/otte.  An  ethereal  solu- 
tion of  muriate  of  iron.  It  is  much  used  in  gout, 
hypochondriasis,  &g. 

Tinctura  Sulphuris  Volatilis,  Liquor  fu- 
mans  Boylii  —  t.  Thebaica,  Tinctura  opii,  Vinum 
opii. 

Tinctura  Toluip'er^  Bal'sami,  T.  ial'sami 
Toluta'ni,  T.  Toluta'ni  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842.),  T. 
Tohita'na  (Ph.  U.  "i,  1851),  Tincture  of  Balsam 
of  Tolu,  {Bale.  Tolutan.  §iij,  alcohol  Oij.)  Re- 
puted to  be  expectorant  and  corroborant.  Dose, 
f 3Iss  to  f^j,  or  more. 

Tinctura  Tonica  Nervina  Halensis,  Tinc- 
tura (seu  Alcohol)  sulphurico-setherea  ferri. 

Tinctura  Valeria'n^,  Tincture  of  Valerian. 
(Valerian,  cont.  §iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  express,  and  strain.  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  antispasmodic.  Dose,  f^ss  to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Valeriana  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Valeri- 
ancB  Volat'ilis,  Ammo'niated  or  Volatile  Tincture 
of  Valerian.  (  Valeriana  cont.  ^iv,  spi.  amnion. 
arom.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement. 
Ph.  U.  S.)    Like  the  former.    Dose,  f,^ss  to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Vkra'tri,  T.  Veratri  alhi,  Tincture 
of  White  Hellebore.  (Bad.  veratri  alb.  cont. 
^viij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oijss.  Ph.  E.)  Emetic  and 
cathartic;  but  not  very  manageable.  Dose,  gtt. 
V  to  X. 

Tinctura  Zingib'eris,  T.  Amo'mi  Zingiberis, 
Tincture  of  Ginger.  (Zingib.  cont.  ^viij,  alcohol. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  carminative.     Dose,  f^ss  to  fX\. 

TINCTURE,  Tinctura— t.  of  Aconite,  Tinetiira 
aconiti  — t.  of  Aconite  root,  Tinctura  aconiti  ra- 
dicis  —  t.  of  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes  —  t.  of  Aloes, 
compound,  Tinctura  aloes  composita — t.  of  Aloes, 
ethereal,  Tinctura  aloes  setherea — t.  of  Ammonia, 


compound,  Spiritus  ammonite  succinatus  —  t.  of 
Angustura,  Tinctura  angusturag — t.  of  Assafetida, 
Tinctura  assafoetidse — t.  of  Balsam  of  Tolu,  Tinc- 
tura toluifer^  balsami — t.  of  Bark,  Tinctura  ein- 
chonce  —  t.  of  Bark,  ammoniated,  Tinctura  cin- 
chonEe  ammoniata — t.  of  Bark,  compound,  Tinc- 
tura cinchonae  composita — t.  of  Bark,  Iluxbam's, 
Tinctura  cinchonas  composita  —  t.  of  Bark,  vola- 
tile, Tinctura  cinchonas  ammoniata  —  t.  of  Bella- 
donna, Tinctura  belladonnse — t.  of  Benzoin,  com- 
pound, Tinctura  benzoini  composita  —  t.  Bestu- 
cheff's, see  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — t.  of  Blistering 
fly,  Tinctura  cantharidis  —  t.  of  Bloodroot,  Tinc- 
tura sanguinari* —  t.  of  Buchu,  Tinctura  buchu 

—  t.  of  Camphor,  compound,  Tinctura  camphorse 
composita  —  t.  of  Cantharides,  Tinctura  cantha- 
ridis—  t.  of  Capsicum,  Tinctura  capsici  —  t.  of 
Cardamoms,  Tinctura  cardamomi  —  t.  of  Carda- 
moms, compound,  Tinctura  cardamomi  composita 

—  t.  Cardiac,  Rymer's,  Tinctura  rhei  et  aloes — t. 
of  Cascarilla,  Tinctura  cascarillae  —  t.  of  Castor, 
Tinctura  castorei — t.  of  Castor,  compound,  Tinc- 
tura castorei  composita  —  t.  of  Catechu,  Tinctura 
catechu  —  t.  of  Cayenne  pepper,  Tinctura  capsici 

—  t.  of  Chiretta,  Tinctura  chirettse  —  t.  of  Cin- 
chona, Tinctura  cinchonae — t.  of  Cinchona,  com- 
pound, Tinctura  einchonse  composita  —  t.  of  Cin- 
namon, Tinctura  cinnamomi  —  t.  of  Cinnamon, 
compound,  Tinctura  cinnamomi  composita — t.  of 
Cochineal,  Tinctura  cocci  cacti — t.  of  Colchicum, 
compound,  Spiritus  colchici  ammoniatus — t.  of 
Colchicum  seeds,  Tinctura  colchici — t.  of  Colum- 
bo,  Tinctura  calumbas  —  t.  of  Croton,  Tinctura 
crotonis — t.  of  Cubebs,  Tinctura  cubebse  —  t.  of 
Digitalis,  Tinctura  digitalis  — t.  of  Ergot,  Tinc- 
tura ergotaB  —  t.  of  Ergot,  ethereal,  Tinctura  er- 
gotse  aetherea — t.  of  Galbanum,  Tinctura  galbani 

—  t.  of  Galls,  Tinctura  gallarum  —  t.  of  Gentian, 
compound,  Tinctura  gentianae  composita — t.  of 
Ginger,  Tinctura  zingiberis — t.  for  the  Gout,  Dr. 
Wilson's,  see  Colchicum  autumnale— t.  of  Guaia- 
cum,  Tinctura  guaiaci — t.  of  Guaiacum,  ammo- 
niated, Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata — t.  of  Guaia- 
cum, volatile,  Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata  —  t. 
Hatfield's,  see  Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata  —  t. 
of  Hellebore,  black,  Tinctura  hellebori  —  t.  of 
Hellebore,  white,  Tinctura  veratri  —  t.  of  Hem- 
lock, Tinctura  conii  —  t.  of  Henbane,  Tinctura 
hyoscyami  —  t.  of  Hops,  Tinctura  humuli — t.  of 
Indian  hemp,  Tinctura  cannabis  Indicae  —  t.  of 
Iodine,  Tinctura  iodini — t.  of  Iodine,  compound, 
Tinctura  iodini  composita — t.  of  Iron,  acetate  of, 
Tinctura  ferri  acetatis  —  t.  of  Iron,  ammoniated, 
Tinctura  ferri  ammoniata — t.  of  Iron,  ammonio- 
chloride  of,  Tinctura  ferri  ammonio-chloridi  —  t. 
of  Iron,  muriated,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — t.  of 
Jalap,  Tinctura  jalapii — t.  of  Kino,  Tinctura  kino 

—  t.  Klaproth's,  see  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis  —  t. 
of  Lactucarium,  Tinctura  lactucarii — t.  of  Lemon 
peel,  Tinctura  limonis  —  t.  of  Lobelia,  Tinctura 
lobelias — t.  of  Lobelia,  ethereal,  Tinctura  lobeliae 
setherea — t.  of  Ludwig,  see  Ferrum  tartarizatum 
• — t.  of  Lupuline,  Tinctura  lupulinse — t.  of  Matico, 
Tinctura  matico — t.  of  Musk,  Tinctura  mosehi — 
t.  of  Myrrh,  Tinctura  myrrhas — t.  Nervous,  Bes- 
tucheff's, Tinctura  seu  alcohol  sulphurico-sethe- 
reus  ferri  —  t.  of  Nux  vomica,  Tinctura  nucis 
vomicas — t.  of  Oil  of  Peppermint,  Tinctura  olei 
menthae  piperitas  —  t.  of  Oil  of  Spearmint,  Tinc- 
tura olei  menthae  viridis  —  t.  of  Opium,  Tinctura 
opii — t.  of  Opium,  acetated,  Tinctura  opii  acetata 
— t.  of  Opium,  ammoniated,  Tinctura  opii  ammo- 
niata— t.  of  Opium,  camphorated,  Tinctura  cam- 
phorse composita.  —  t.  of  Orange  peel,  Tinctura 
aurantii  —  t.  of  Quassia,  Tinctura  quassise  —  t.  of 
Quassia,  compound,  Tinctura  quassias  composita 

—  t.  of  Quinia,  sulphate  of,  Tinctura  quiniae  sul- 
phatis — t.  of  Quinia,  compound,  Tinctura  quiniae 
composita — t.  of  Rhatany,  Tinctura  kramerias — 


TINDER 


920 


TISSUE 


t.  of  ETiuLarb,  Tinctura  rhei — t.  of  Rhubarb  and 
aloes,  Tinctura  rhei  et  aloes— t.  of  Rhubarb,  com- 
pound, Tinctura  rhei  composita  —  t.  of  Rhubarb 
and  gentian,  Tinctura  rhei  et  gentianse  —  t.  of 
Rhubarb  and  senna,  Tinctura  rhei  et  sennse  — t. 
of  Saffron,  Tinctura  eroci  sativi  —  t.  of  Saffron, 
compound,  Tinctura  de  croco  composita — t.  of 
Senna,  Tinctura  sennse  —  t.  of  Senna  and  jalap, 
Tinctura  sennse  et  jalaps — t.  of  Snake  root,  Tinc- 
tura serpentariae — t.  of  Soap,  camphorated,  Lin- 
imentum  saponis  —  t.  of  Spanish  fly,  Tinctura 
cantharidis — t.  of  Spearmint,  Tinctura  olei  men- 
thae  viridis — t.  of  Squill,  Tinctura  scilla  —  t.  of 
Steel,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — t.  Stomach,  Tinc- 
tura cardamom!  composita  —  t.  of  Stramonium, 
Tinctura  stramonii  —  t.  of  Strychnia,  Tinctura 
strychniaa  —  t.  for  the  Teeth,  Greenough's,  see 
Spiritus  armoracise  compositus  —  t.  Toothache, 
Tinctura  antiodontalgica — t.  of  Valerian,  Tinctura 
Valerianae — t.  of  Valerian,  ammoniated,  Tinctura 
Talerianaa  ammoniata  —  t.  of  Valerian,  volatile, 
Tinctura  Valerianae  ammoniata — t.  of  Wormwood, 
compound,  Tinctura  absinthii  composita. 

TINDER,  Boletus  igniarius. 

TINEA,  Porrigo — t.  Faciei,  Porrigo  larvalis — 
t.  Favosa,  Porrigo  favosa  —  t.  Ficosa,  Porrigo 
scutulata  —  t.  Furfuraeea,  Porrigo  furfurans  —  t. 
Granulata,  Porrigo  scutulata,  Porrigo  lupinosa — 
t.  Lactea,  Porrigo  larvalis  —  t.  Lupina,  Porrigo 
lupinosa — t.  Mucosa,  Porrigo  lupinosa — t.  Porri- 
ginosa,  Porrigo  furfurans  —  t.  Tarsi,  Ophthalmia 
tarsi  —  t.  Tondens,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

TING-LING,  from  tinnire,  'to  jingle.'  (Sc.) 
Dirling.  A  sharp,  purring  or  thrilling  sensation, 
not  always  painful. 

TINKER'S  WEED,  Triosteum. 

TINKLING,  METALLIC,  Tlntement  metal- 
lique. 

TINNIMENTUM  METALLICUM,  Tintement 
metalUqne. 

TINNPTUS  AU'RIUM,  {tinnio,  tinnitum,  'to 
tinkle,')  '  ringing  of  the  ears.'  Fluctuo'tio  seu 
Son'itus  seu  Sueur'rus  seu  Sib'ili(8  seu  Strep'itus 
seu  Sibilismus  au'rium,  Paraeu'sis  imacjina'ria, 
Ote'chus,  Syrig'nms,  Syring'mos,  Sibilus  clango'- 
sus,  Echos,  Eneche'nia,  Bomhus,  Bomhltatio,  Mur- 
mur, (F.)  Tintement,  T.  d' Oreille,  Tintomn,  Boiir- 
donnement,  Bruissement.  An  imaginary  sound, 
like  the  ringing  of  a  bell,  the  noise  of  wind,  the 
murmur  of  water,  &c.,  heard  in  health  and  in  sick- 
ness. It  is,  often,  an  accompaniment  of  cerebral 
disorder. 

TINTE3fENT,  Tinnitus  aurium— «.  Bullaire, 
T.  metalliqiie. 

TINTEMENT  METALLIQ  UE  (F.),  Gliquetis 
metalliqiie,  Tintement  bullaire,  Tinni men' turn  me- 
tal'licum,  Conor  stethoscop'ieus,  Metallic  Respira- 
tion, Metallic  Voice,  Metallic  Tinkling.  A  par- 
ticular noise,  heard  by  the  stethoscope  when  ap- 
plied to  the  chest,  and  which,  according  to  La- 
ennec,  resembles  that  caused  by  striking  glass, 
metal,  or  porcelain,  with  a  pin ;  but  is,  perhaps, 
more  like  the  sound  of  the  keys  of  a  musical 
snuff-box.  The  tintement  metallique  or  metallic 
tinlcling  is  heard  on  causing  the  patient  to  speak 
or  breathe  ;  but  is  more  distinct  when  he  coughs. 
When  the  phenomenon  is  not  so  strongly  marked, 
it  produces  only  the  metallic  resonance.  The 
'metallic  tinkling'  is  a  pathognomonic  symptom 
of  a  communication  between  the  bronchia  and 
cavity  of  the  chest;  in  other  words,  of  Pneumo- 
thorax. 

TINTEMENT  D' OREILLE,  Tinnitus  au- 
rium. 

TINTINNABULUM,  Uvula. 

TINTOUIN,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

TIPFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

TIPSARIA,  Decoctum  hordei. 

TIRE-BALLE,  Forceps  (bullet.) 


TIRE-FOND  (F.).  A  surgical  instrument, 
formerly  used  to  elevate  the  piece  of  bone  sawed 
off  by  the  trephine. 

TIRE-PUS,  Pyulcon. 

TIRE-T£TE  (F.).  a  name  given  to  different 
instruments  used  for  extracting  the  head  of  the 
child  when  left  in  the  uterus,  and  in  certain  cases 
of  difSeult  labour.  The  crotchet  is  one  of  those, 
as  well  as  the  Tire-tete  a,  bascule  of  Levret,  Ac. 

TIRES,  Milk  sickness. 

TISANE,  Pti'sana  or  Ptis'sana,  Pfisane,  from 
TTTicat/T],  'pearl  barle}','  itself  from  TtTiaao),  'I  de- 
corticate.' (F.)  Hydroli.  A  name  given  to 
aqueous  medicines,  containing  but  little,  if  any, 
medicinal  agent.  The  ancients  gave  the  name 
particularly  to  the  decoction  of  barley. 

TISANE  COMMUNE,  Decoctum  hordei. 

TISANE  DE  FELTZ.  A  celebrated  anti- 
sypihilitic,  formed  of  sarsaparilla,  isinglass,  sul- 
phuret  of  antimony  and  water,  boiled  together. 
According  to  some,  bichloride  of  mercury;  and, 
to  others,  arsenic  enters  into  its  composition.  M. 
Rayer,  supposing  that  it  acts  by  the  arsenic  it  con- 
tains, proposes  to  replace  it  by  arseniate  of  potassa; 
and  Guibourt,  who  is  of  the  same  opinion,  by  ar- 
senious  acid,  in  order  to  ensure  certainty  of  action. 

TISIC,  Phthisis. 

TISICAL,  Phthisicus. 

TISSICK,  see  Phthisic. 

TISSU,  Tissue — t.  Accidental,  see  Accidental, 
and  Tissue,  accidental  —  t.  Cavernenx,  Cavernous 
texture — t.  Celluleux  des  as,  Cancelli — t.  Conjonc- 
tif,  Cellular  tissue  —  t.  Inodulaire,  Tissue,  inodu- 
lar — t.  Jaune,  see  Fibrous  —  t.  Lardace,  see  Lar- 
daceous — t.  Spongoide,  Spongoid  tissue. 

TISSUE,  Textus,  Tela,  (F.)  Tissu.  By  this 
term,  in  anatomy,  is  meant  the  various  parts, 
which,  by  their  union,  form  the  organs ;  and  are, 
as  it  were,  their  anatomical  elements.  Histological 
anatomy  is  the  anatomy  of  the  tissues,  which  are 
the  seat  of  the  investigations  of  the  pathological 
anatomist.  The  best  division,  indeed,  of  diseases 
would  be  according  to  the  tissues  mainly  impli- 
cated. For  the  elementary  tissues,  see  Fibre. 
The  coropound  tissues,  which,  by  associating  or 
combining  variously,  form  every  organ  of  the 
body,  have  been  variously  classed :  but  every 
division  is  imperfect  and  liable  to  objection.  The 
following,  by  Messrs.  Todd  and  Bowman,  is  one 
of  the  most  recent. 


Tabulae,  View  of  the  Tissues  of 


HE  Human  Body. 
Examples. 

Posterior  layer  of 
the  cornea. — Cap- 
sule of  the  lens. — 
Sarcolemma       of 


1.  Simple  memlDrane,   homogene- 

ous, or  nearly  so,  employed 
alone,  or  in  the  formation  of 
compound  membranes.  j    ^^^^^^^  ^ 

2.  Filamentous    Tissues,   the   ele-]  White  and  yellow 

ments  of  which   are  real  or  >  fibrous  tissues. — 
apparent  filaments.  J    Areolar  tissue. 

3.  Compound    membranes,     com- 

posed of  simple  membrane 
and  a  layer  of  cells  of  various 
forms,  (epithelium  or  epider- 
mis.) or  of  areolar  tissue  and 
epithelium. 

4.  Tissues   which  retain   the  pri- 

mitive areolar  structure  as 
their  permanent  character. 

5.  Sclerous  or  hard  tissue. 

6.  Compound  tissues. 
a.  Composed  of  tubes  of  homoge-") 

neous  membrane,  containing  VMuscle. — Nerve, 
a  peculiar  substance.  j 

6.  Composed  of  white  fibrous  tis- )  t,.,  , ., 

sues  and  cartOage.  j  Fibro-cartilage. 

Tissue,  Accidental  or  Adventitious,  consists 
of  every  substance  —  foreign  to  the  primitive  or- 
ganization of  the  economy,  but  yet  organized  and 
living  —  which  may  be  developed  in  the  anterior 
or  at  the  surface  of  organs.  Laennec  divides  the 
accidental   tissues   into   two  sections :    1.  Those 


Mucous  membrane 
— ■  Skin. —  True  or 
secreting  glands. 
— Serous  and  syn- 
ovial membranes. 

Adipose  tissue.  — 
Cartilage.  —  Gray 
nervous  matter. 

Bone. — Teeth. 


TIT 


921 


TONGUE 


that  resemble  others  in  the  animal  economy,  or 
analogous  accidental  tissues ;  and,  2.  Those  that 
have  nothing  analogous  in  the  body,  and  which 
are  always  the  result  of  a  morbid  process  —  the 
heterologous  or  heteroclite  accidental  tissues.  To 
the  first  class  belong,  ossifications;  accidental 
fibrous,  fibro-cartilaginous,  cartilaginous,  areolar, 
and  corneous  tissues;  hairs;  the  serous  mem- 
branes of  certain  encysted  tumours;  the  mucous 
membranes  of  fistulous  canals,  and  accidental 
synovial  membranes.  To  the  second  belong  tu- 
bercles, scirrhi,  melanosis,  <i;c. 

Tissue,  Areolak,  Cellular  tissue. 

TiSSCE,  CartilAg"inOUS,  Hi/menocTiondro' des 
seu  Hijmenochondro'i' des  (Textura  seu  Tela.) 

Tissue,  Connective,  Cellular  tissue  —  t.  Crib- 
riform, Cellular  tissue — t.  Fibrous,  see  Fibrous — 
t.  Filamentous,  Cellular  tissue. 

Tissue  Formation,  Histogeny. 

Tissue,  Inod'ular,  Tela  inodula'ris,  (F.)  Ino- 
dule,  Tissii  inodulaire.  A  name  given  by  Del- 
pech  to  an  accidental  fibrous  tissue  developed  in 
suppurating  wounds,  which  is  the  principal  agent 
in  cicatrization.  It  has,  at  first,  the  appearance 
of  a  reddish  cellulo-fibrous  layer;  but  soon  loses 
its  vascularity ;  and  its  fibres,  which  pass  in  all 
directions,  become  of  a  dull  white  colour,  and  of 
a  consistence  and  hardness,  that  may  be  com- 
pared to  those  of  the  strongest  articular  liga- 
ments. It  is  well  seen  in  the  cicatrix  left  after 
burns. 

Tissue,  Laminated,  Cellular  tissue  —  t.  Liga- 
mentous, Desmoid  tissue  —  t.  Mucous,  Cellular 
tissue — t.  Porous,  Cellular  tissue— t.  Reticulated, 
Cellular  tissue. 

TIT,  Nipple. 

TITHEXE,  Nurse. 

TITHYilALUS  CTPARISSIAS,  Euphorbia 
cyparissias  —  t.  Lathyris,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  t. 
Latifolius,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  t.  Palustris,  Eu- 
phorbia palustris  —  t.  Paralias,  Euphorbia  para- 
lias. 

TITILLAMENTUM,  Gargarism. 

TITILLATION,  Tickling. 

TITTHE,  Nipple. 

TITTHION,  Nipple. 

TITTHIS,  Nipple. 

TITTHOS,  Mamma,  Nipple. 

TITTY,  Mamma,  Nipple. 

TITUBANTIA,  Bredouillement. 

TITUBATIO,  Fidgets,  Vacillatio— t.  Lingua;, 
Balbuties. 

TJETTEK,  Upas  tieute. 

TO-AND-FRO-SOUND,  Bruit  de  frotteraent. 

TOAD-FLAX,  Antirhinum  linaria  —  t.  f.  Bas- 
tard, Comandra  umbellata. 

TOAST-AVATER,  Aqua  tostcB  panis.  Toast 
well  half  a  slice  of  a  stale  quartern  loaf;  put  it 
into  a  pitcher,  and  pour  over  it  a  quart  of  water. 
After  two  hours,  decant  the  water  from  the  bread. 
It  is  a  common  drink  in  febrile  affections. 

TOBACCO,  Nicotiana  tabacum  —  t.  English, 
Nicotiana  rustica — t.  Indian,  Lobelia  inflata  — 
t.  Poison,  Hyoscyamus  niger  —  t.  Wild,  Lobelia 
inflata,  Nicotiana  rustica. 

TOCETOS,  Parturition. 

TOCODOMYCODORITIS  MALIGNA  VAGI- 
NALIS, Colpocace  puerperarum. 

TOCOLOGY,  Obstetrics. 

TOCOS,  Parturition. 

TODDY.  A  name  given,  by  the  English,  to 
sweet,  delicious  and  refreshing  liquors  procured 
in  India  by  wounding  the  spathm  of  certain 
palms.  The  best  is  obtained  from  the  Cocos  nu- 
cifera. — Ainslie. 

It  is  obtained  in  large  quantities  from  Sague'- 
rus  sac'chari/er  seu  Ramphii,  Palma  In'dica  vi- 
na'ria  secun'da,  Sague'rus  seu  Gomu'tus  Gomu'to, 


'  Aren'ga  saccliarif  era,  Gomuto  palm.  It  is  called, 
also,  Neva,  and,  by  boiling,  yields  a  coarse  kind 
of  sugar,  called  Jaggery.  The  inhabitants  of  the 
Moluccas  used,  in  their  wars,  a  liquor  obtained 
by  macerating  the  fruit,  which  the  Dutch  called 
Hell  water.  Aqua  inferna'lis. 

Toddy  is  also  the  common  name  for  a  mixture 
of  spirit  and  water  sweetened. 

Toddy  Tree,  Mamei. 

TOE,  Digitus  pedis. 

TOEPLITZ,  see  Toplitz. 

TOFUS,  Tophus. 

TOILE  B'ARAIGNEE,  Araneee  tela— f.  Cho- 
rdidienne,  see  Choroid  —  t.  de  Gautier,  Sparadra- 
pum  Galteri. 

TOKAS,  Puerpera. 

TOKEN,  PLAGUE,  Plague  token. 

TOKOLOGY,  Obstetrics. 

TOLA,  Tonsil. 

TOL'ERANCE,  Toleran'tia;  from  toUrare,  'to 
bear.'  The  power  of  bearing.  A  word  used  by 
the  Italian  school  of  Rasori,  to  signify  the  power 
of  bearing  large  doses  of  certain  potent  remedies, 
as  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa.  See  Con- 
tro-stimulus. 

TOLLS,  Tonsil. 

TOLIUM,  TonsiL 

TOLLES,  Tonsil. 

TOLLUM,  Tonsil. 

TOLUIF'ERA  BAL'SAMUM,  Jilyrox'ylon  seu 
Jilyrospicrmum  Toluif  erurn.  Ord.  Leguminosae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia.  The  name  of 
the  tree  which  affords  the  Balsam  of  Tolu,  Bal- 
samum  Toluta'num  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Toluta'num,  To- 
luif erce  Balsami  Balsamum,  Goac'onaz,  Red  Bal- 
sam of  Peru,  (F.)  Baume  de  Tolu,  B.  de  Cartha- 
gene  ou  d'Amerique  ou  de  Saint  Thomas.  It  has 
a  very  fragrant  odour,  and  warm,  sweetish  taste ; 
is  thick,  and  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour.  It  is 
stimulant  and  expectorant  [?],  and  is  used  in 
coughs.  It  is  chiefly,  however,  employed  on  ac- 
count of  its  flavour. 

TOLUTANUM,  see  Toluifera  balsamum. 

TOMACINUM,  Isicium. 

TOMACULUM,  Isicium. 

TOMATA,  Solanum  lycopersicum. 

TOMATO,  Solanum  lycopersicum. 

TOME,  Tom' us,  Tofirj,  Toiiog,  'incision.'  A  com- 
mon suffix,  as  in  lAihotomy,  Bronchofo//)?/,  &c. 

To^^E,  Cut,  Incision. 

TOMEION,  Knife. 

TOMEX'TUM  CER'EBRL  from  tomentum,  'a 
flock  of  wool.'  The  infinite  number  of  small  ves- 
sels which  pass  between  the  pia  mater  and  con- 
volutions of  the  brain.  They  enter  the  substance 
of  the  brain  at  right  angles. 

TOMEUS,  Knife. 

TOMIS,  Scissors. 

TOMOTOCIA.  Cfesarean  section. 

TOM-TOE,  PoUex,  see  Digitus  pedis. 

TONE,  Tonus,  Tovoi,  from  tovow,  'I  brace  or 
give  vigour.'  The  state  of  tension  or  firmness 
proper  to  each  organic  tissue.  It  is  the  efiect  of 
tonicity. 

Tone,  see  Elasticity. 

TONGA,  see  Datura  sanguinea. 

TONGRES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
town  of  Tongres  is  about  a  league  from  Maes- 
tricht  in  the  Low  Countries.  The  springs,  of 
which  there  are  several,  are  chalybeate,  contain- 
ing carbonates  of  iron  and  magnesia. 

TONGUE,  Sax.  tuns,  (D.)  Tong,  Lingua, 
Glossa,  Glotta,  (F.)  Langue.  The  tongue  is  a 
muscular,  symmetrical,  and  very  mobile  organ  ; 
situate  in  the  mouth,  from  the  os  hyoides  and 
epiglottis  to  the  incisor  teeth.  Its  particular  use 
is,  to  procure  the  sensation  of  savours;  and  it 
aids  in  the  acts  of  sucking,  mastication,  degluti- 
tion, pronunciation,  and  exspuition.     It  has  the 


TONIC 


922 


TOOTH 


shape  of  a  pyramid,  flattened  above  and  below ; 
rounded  at  its  angles,  and  terminated,  anteriorly, 
by  a  blunt  point.  Its  upper  surface,  called  the 
dorsum,  is  free,  flat,  and  divided  into  two  portions 
by  a  median  furrow,  lin'ea  media'na;  at  the  pos- 
terior extremity  of  which  is  the  foramen  cascum 
or  Foramen  of  Ilorgagni.  The  inferior  surface 
is  free,  and  covered  by  the  mucous  membrane  on 
its  anterior  third  and  sides :  but  behind  and  in 
the  middle  it  is  attached  to  the  lower  jaw  by 
means  of  the  genio-glossus ;  and  to  the  hyoides 
by  the  hyoglossus.  Its  margins  are  rounded; 
thicli  behind,  thinner  anteriorly.  Its  tip,  or  point, 
or  dental  extremity  is  rounded  and  free:  —  the 
root,  base,  or  hyoid  extremity,  Radix  lingum,  is 
continuous  with  the  epiglottis  and  velum  palati. 
It  is  very  thick  at  the  foramen  caecum  ;  but  thin- 
ner as  it  approaches  the  hyoid  bone.  The  tongue 
is  composed  of  muscles,  and  covered  by  a  mucous 
membrane  —  Periglot'tis,  Involu'crnm  lingucB, 
Memhra'na  seu  Tu'nica  vaginu'lis  seu  Cutis  seu 
Epider' mis  seu  Tu'nica  seu  Tnvoln'crum  muco'sum 
seu  Crusta  villo'sa  lingucB—vih\ch  forms  also  the 
frsenum  beneath  the  tongue.  On  this  membrane 
are  seen  the  different  papillcB.  The  nerves  of  the 
organ  proceed  from  the  inferior  maxillary,  glosso- 
pharyngeal and  hypoglossal.  The  first  and  second 
are  connected  with  taste;  the  last  with  the  mo- 
tions of  the  organ.  Some  recent  observers,  how- 
ever, consider  the  glosso-pharyngeal  to  be  the 
special  nerve  of  gustation.  The  arteries  are  the 
lingual,  from  the  external  carotid;  and  the  pala- 
tine and  tonsillar,  from  the  labial.  The  veins 
are  the  snperficialis  linguae,  ranina,  lingualis,  and 
suhmentalis.  They  open  into  those  of  the  pharynx 
and  larynx.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  pass  into  gang- 
lia, situate  at  the  edge  of  the  hyoglossi  muscles. 

Tongue,  Black.  A  fever  which  prevailed  in 
the  Western  States  in  the  winter  of  1842-3  ;  pro- 
bably typhoid  fever.  According  to  some,  an  epi- 
demic erysipelas. 

Tongue,  Hernia  of  the,  Glossocele — t.  In- 
flammation of  the,  Glossitis  —  t.  Red,  fever,  see 
Typhus. 

Tongue  Scraper,  Cure-langne  —  t.  Tie,  see 
Ankyloglossum. 

TON'IC,  Ton'icus,  (F.)  Tonique.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Tone.     Relating  to  tone. 

Tonic,  Ton'icus,  Tono'ticus,  Antasthen'icus,  (F.) 
Tonique,  Fortifiant,  in  Therapeutics,  means  a 
medicine,  which  has  the  power  of  exciting  slowly, 
and  by  insensible  degrees,  the  organic  actions  of 
the  difi"erent  systems  of  the  animal  economy,  and 
of  augmenting  their  strength  in  a  durable  man- 
ner. Bitter,  vegetable  substances  which  are  not 
associated  with  an  acrid  or  narcotic  principle ; 
preparations  of  iron ;  cold  water,  &c.,  act  as 
tonics.  They  are  also  called  Comfortan'tia,  Con- 
fortati'va,  Corroboran'tia,  Conjirman' tia,  Roho- 
ran'tia,  &c. 

The  following  are  the  chief  Tonics: — Acidum 
Arseniosum,  Acidum  Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphu- 
ricum,  Argenti  Nitras,  Bismuthi  Subnitras,  Carbo 
Ligni,  Cascarilla,  Cinchona,  Cinchonia,  Colomba, 
Cornus  Florida,  Cupri  Acetas,  Cupri  Sulphas, 
Cuprum  ammoniatum,  Cusparia,  Eupatorium  per- 
foliatum,  Ferri  Prceparata,  Gentiana,  Lirioden- 
dron,  Lupulina,  Piperina,  Prunus  Virginiana, 
Quassia,  Quinia,  Salix,  Salicina,  Serpentaria,  Zinci 
praeparata ;  Aquae  minerales  acidulaj  et  ferrugi- 
niae,  Mental  Tonics,  (Confidence,  Hope,  Amuse- 
ment.) 

Tonic  Power>  Irritability. 

Tonic  Spasm,  Spasmus  ton'icus,  Convul'sio  to- 
nica,  Conductio,  Spas'ficns,  Tonos,  Ento'nia,  En'- 
tasis,  Enta'sia.  A  rigid  contraction  of  muscles 
without  relaxation,  as  in  trismus,  tetanus,  &g. 
See  Tetanus  and  Spasm. 

TONICITY,    Tonic"itas.      Same    etymon    as 


Tone.  The  faculty  that  determines  the  general 
tone  of  the  solids.  Excessive  tonicity  cause.s 
er'ethism  or  crispness;  deficient  tonicity,  atony 
or  loeakness.  Tonicity  ha,s  been  used  in  the  same 
sense  as  irritability. 

TONIQUE,  Tonic. 

TONKA  BEAN,  Dipterix  odorata. 

TONODES,  Tensive. 

TONOS,  Tonic  spasm  —  t.  Trismus,  Trismus. 

TONOTICUS,  Tonic. 

TONSIL,  Tonsil'la,  Amyg'dala,  Paristh'mia, 
Pariath'mium,  Amphibran'chiwm,  Glan'dula  colli, 
Tola,  Tolles,  Tales,  To'lium,  Tollum,  Spongos, 
An'tias,  Pl.  Anti'ades,  Almond  of  the  ear,  Almond 
of  the  throat,  (F.)  Amygdale,  Tonsille,  (Prov.) 
Ear-keeker.  An  ovoid  collection  of  follicles, 
about  half  an  inch  in  length,  similar  in  shape  to 
an  almond,  and  situate,  on  each  side,  between 
the  pillars  of  the  velum  palati.  The  inner  sur- 
face, projecting  into  the  isthmus  of  the  throat,  is 
covered  by  the  mucous  membrane,  in  which  are 
the  orifices  of  a  dozen  cells,  whence  a  transparent, 
viscid  mucus  oozes  on  pressure.  This  mucus  is 
destined  to  facilitate  deglutition,  by  lubricating 
the  isthmus  faucium;  and  is  forced  out  during 
the  passage  of  the  alimentary  bolus. 

TONSIL-OUILLOTINE,  Amygdalatome. 

TONSILLE  PESTILENTES,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

TONSILLARUM  GANGR^NA,  Cynanche 
maligna. 

TONSILLE,  Tonsil. 

TONSILLIT'IC,  Tonsillit'icus.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  the  tonsils  ;  as  the  'tonsillitio  branches 
of  the  glosso-pharyngeal  nerve.' 

TONSILLITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

TONSILLOTOME,  Amygdalatome. 

TONSOBIUS  CULTER,  Razor. 

TOODLE,  Tooth. 

TOOTH.  Sax.  T0^,'Den8,  Odous,  (Prov.)  Too- 
dle,  (F.)  Be7it.  The  teeth,  Bentes,  Mord'ices,  are 
small,  hard  bones,  fixed  in  the  alveoli  of  each 
jaw,  and  serving  to  lay  hold  of,  and  to  cut,  tear,, 
and  triturate  alimentary  substances.  True  teeth 
are  found  only  in  man,  the  mammalia,  reptiles, 
and  fish.  The  teeth  have,  in  general,  the  shape 
of  an  irregular  cone,  the  base  of  which  is  towards 
the  interior  of  the  mouth ;  and  the  apex,  single 
or  divided,  towards  the  bottom  of  the  alveoli. 
Each  tooth  has  a  part  situate  out  of  the  alveolus, 
and  covered  by  a  vitriform  substance.  This  part 
is  called  the  croivn  or  coro'na.  It  is  bounded  by 
a  narrower  portion,  called  the  cervix,  (F.)  collet, 
which  separates  it  from  the  portion  in  the  alveo- 
lus— the  fang  or  root,  (F.)  racine.  In  the  adult, 
the  teeth  are  .32  in  number;  16  to  each  jaw: 
these  consist  of  4  incisors,  2  canine,  4  bicuspidati, 
a.nd  6  molares.  (See  these  various  terms.)  The 
teeth  enclose  a  vascular  and  nervous  pulp,  in  a 
central  cavity,  Cav'itaa  Pulpcp.,  Cavum  Dentis, 
Antrum  denta'le.  They  are  formed  of  a  very 
hard,  compact  tissue;  and  the  corona  is  covered 
by  a  vitreous  substance  called  Enam'el.  The 
incisor  and  canine  teeth  are  developed  by  a  sin- 
gle point  of  ossification  ;  the  lesser  molares,  by 
two;  and  the  larger,  by  four  or  five.  See  Denti- 
tion. Researches  by  Retzius,  Miiller  and  others, 
have  led  them  to  believe  that  the  ivory  of  the 
tooth  or  Dentine,  Ebur,  Substan'tia  os'sea  of  Mal- 
pighi,  2i''op^>'  tooth  substance,  bone,  of  tlie  tooth, 
osseous  substance  of  tooth,  tooth  bone,  consists  of 
tubular  fibres,  which  contain  organic  deposits  of 
calcareous  salts;  and  of  intertubular  substance, 
in  which  are  observed  corpuscles  or  osseous  cells 
of  the  tooth,  called,  by  Professor  Owen,  calcig"- 
erous  cells,  -which  also  contain  earthy  salts.  At 
the  part  where  the  enamel  terminates  at  the  cer- 
vix of  the  tooth,  the  crusta  petro'sa,  cemen'tum  or 
cortical   substance,  commences  in  an   extremely 


TOOTH-ACH 


923 


TORULA  CEREVISI^ 


ttin  stratum,  passes  down  and  gradually  in- 
creases in  thickness  towards  the  extremity  of  the 
root,  where  it  is  generally  the  thickest.  It  is 
said  by  Nasmyth  to  have  been  traced  on  the  ena- 
mel, and  Purkinje  and  Erankel  thought  that  it 
lined  the  cavitas  pulpse.  They  gave  it  the  name 
Substantia  osto'idea.  It  is  the  inate'ria  tarta'rea 
of  Malpighi.  It  has  been  found,  however,  that 
the  hard  substance  deposited  on  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  dentine,  at  the  age  of  twenty  years  or 
later,  and  which  encroaches  on  the  cavity,  has  a 
distinct  structure  from  the  cement,  and  resembles 
in  part  dentine,  and  in  part  bone.  It  is  the  horny 
substance  of  Blumenbach,  the  osteodeniine  of 
Owen,  and  the  secondary  dentine  of  Tomes.  In 
the  compound  teeth  of  the  herbivorous  animal,  a 
deposition  is  found  on  the  surface  of  the  enamel, 
which  has  been  called  cementum.  Miiller,  how- 
ever, regards  it  to  be  a  deposit  from  the  salts  and 
the  saliva,  and  to  be  essentially  the  same  as  what 
is  called  tartar  in  the  human  subject. 

TOOTH-ACH,  Odontalgia— t.  Bone,  see  Tooth 

—  t.  Bush,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum  —  t.  Tree, 
Aralia  spinosa,  Xanthoxylum  clava  Herculis. 

TOOTH  EDGE,  Agacement  des  dents,  Haemo- 
dia  —  t.  Paste,  Dentifricium  —  t.  Powder,  Denti- 
frice —  t.  Rash,  Strophulus  —  t.  Shell,  dog-like, 
Dentalium. 

TOPHA'CEOUS,  TopTm'ceus,  (F.)  Tophace ; 
from  toi^hus.  Relating  or  bfllonging  to  tophus, — 
as  'a  tophaceous  concretion.' 

TOPHACEOUS  CONCRETION,  Topbus. 

TOPHUS,  Totpog,  Tofus,  'a  porous  or  friable 
stone.'  Osteot'ophus,  Topha'ceous  Concretion.  A 
collection  of  hard,  calcareous  matter,  which  forms, 
particularly,  at  the  surface  of  joints  affected  with 
gout ;  (see  Calculi,  arthritic,)  and  occasionally, 
in  the  interior  of  organs,  around  the  teeth,  &c. 
It  likewise  meant  gravel,  and  chalaza. 

TOP'IC,  Top'ical,  To2i'icus.  From  ro-aoq,  locus, 
'a  place.'  A  local  application;  (F.)  Topique. 
See  Local. 

TOPICUS,  Local. 

TO  PIN  ARIA,  Talpa. 

TO  PI Q  US,  Topic. 

TOPLITZ  or  TEPLITZ,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  Toplitz  is  a  town  of  Bohemia,  cele- 
brated for  its  numerous  thermal  springs.  The 
water  contains  chloride  of  sodium  ;  carbonate, 
and  sulphate  of  soda  ;  and  carbonates  of  lime  and 
iron,  &c.     Temp.  114°  to  122°  Fahr. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL  ANATOMY,  see  Ana- 
tomy. 

TOQUE,  Scutellaria  galericulata. 

TOR'CULAR,  Tourniquet.  A  press  for  wine, 
oil, or  cider.     From  torqueo,  'I  twist.' 

Tor'cular  Heroph'ili,  Press  of  Heroph' ilus, 
Leehenei'on,  Lenos,  Lenum,  Fourth  Sinus,  (F.) 
Confluent  dea  Sinus,  Pressoir  d'Herophile.  A 
smooth  and  polished  cavity,  of  irregular  shape, 
in  which  several  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater  meet. 
It  is  situate  before  the  internal  occipital  protube- 
rance, at  the  union  of  the  three  great  duplicatures 
of  the  dura  mater.     It  has  six  openings  into  it; 

—  one  above,  that  of  the  superior  longitudinal 
sinus ;  two  below,  answering  to  the  occipital  si- 
nuses ;  one  anterior,  belonging  to  the  straight 
sinus  ;  and  two  lateral,  and  very  broad,  which 
lead  into  the  lateral  sinuses;  and  convey  from 
the  cavity  the  blood  that  has  been  poured  into  it 
by  the  others. 

TORCULUM,  Tourniquet. 

TORDYL'IUM,  T.  Officina'le,  Ses'eli  Cret'i- 
curn  seu  3Ionta'nuni,  (F.)  Seseli  de  Crete.  Family, 
Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
The  seeds  and  roots  of  this  Southern  European 
plant  are  considered  carminative  and  diuretic. 
They  enter  into  the  theriaca. 


TORE'NIA  ASIAT'ICA,  Cala-dolo.  A  small 
Malabar  plant,  the  juice  of  whose  leaves,  sweet- 
ened with  sugar,  is  said  to  cure  gonorrhoea. 

TORMENTIL,  Geranium  maculatum,  Tor- 
men  tilla. 

TORMENTIL'LA,  T.  erec'ta  seu  sylves'tris  seu 
oflieina'lis  seu  tubero'sa,  Fraga'ria  tormentil'la 
officina'lis,  Potentilla  tormentilla,  Heptaphyl'lurn, 
Consol'ida  rubra.  Common  Tor'mentil,  Upright 
Sept/oil,  (F.)  Tormentille.  Ord.  Rosacese.  Sex. 
Syst.  Icosandria  Polyg}'nia.  The  root  Tormen- 
tilla (Ph.  U.S.)  has  a  slightly  aromatic  odour; 
and  austere,  styptic  taste.  It  is  astringent.  Dose, 
of  the  powder,  gr.  x  to  ^j. 

TORMENTUM,  Ileus,  Intussusceptio. 

TOR'MINA,  Strophos,  Ccelial'gia,  EncoeliaV- 
gia,  Anile'ma,  Anile'sis,  Gripes,  Mulligrubs,  Fret- 
ting, (F.)  Tranchees.  From  torqueo,  'I  twist.' 
Acute  colicky  pains.     Dysentery. 

Tormina  Celsi,  Dysentery  —  t.  Parturientium, 
Pains,  labour — t.  Post  partum,  see  Pains,  labour. 

TORNACULUM,  Tourniquet. 

TOROS'ITAS,  Corpiden'tia  carno'sa.,  Eal'itus 
athlet'icus.  Muscular  strength;  from  torosus, 
'brawny,' — torus,  'brawn.' 

TOROSUS,  Muscular. 

TORPEDO,  Narcosis. 

TORPEFACTIO  UNIVERSALIS,  Holonar- 
cosis. 

TORPID,  Tor'pidus,  (F.)  Engourdi;  from  tor- 
peo,  '  I  am  benumbed.'  Numb.  Incapable  of 
exertion  and  of  feeling.     Dull,  stupid,  inactive. 

TORPIDITAS,  Torpor. 

TORPIDUS,  Narcotized,  Torpid. 

TORPOR,  Torjnd'itas,  Noth'rotes,  Parop'sis 
expera,  (F.)  Engourdissetnent,  from  torpeo,  '  I  am 
benumbed.'  State  of  a  part  which  becomes  numb, 
and  almost  incapable  of  motion.  Torpor,  Tor- 
pid'ity,  Torpid'ness,  Tor'jntude  are  also  applied 
to  a  debilitated,  sluggish  condition  of  a  part, 
or  of  the  whole  of  the  body  ;  Aer'gia,  {F.)Acca- 
blement. 

Torpor,  Narcosis  —  t.  of  the  Colon,  see  Colon, 
torpor  of  the — t.  Intestinorum,  Constipation  —  t. 
Soporificus,  Noear. 

TORQUAY.  A  town  in  Devonshire,  England, 
which,  on  account  of  the  mildness  of  its  climate, 
and  its  sheltered  situation  from  the  bleakerwinds, 
is  a  frequent  retreat  for  the  phthisical  invalid. 

TOR'SION,  Tor'sio.  From  f orquere,tortn7n, '  to 
twist.'  The  act  of  twisting.  Torsion  of  the  ex- 
tremities of  bleeding  vessels  —  Angios'trop)he  — 
until  the  blood  ceases  to  flow,  is  sometimes  used 
to  arrest  hemorrhage. 

TORSK,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

TORTELLE,  Erysimum. 

TORTICOL'LIS,  Caput  seu  Collum  oisti'pum, 
Obsti'pa  cervix,  Obstipi'itas  cap)'iti8  seu  Colli, 
TraeheV agra,  Enta'sia  Loxia,  Lox'ias,  Cepha- 
lox'ia,  Aneylode're,  Aneylode'ris,  Rhabocra'- 
nia,  Auchenorrheu'ma,  Rheumatis'mus  colli  seu 
cervi'eis,  Stiffneek,  Wryneck,  (Prov.)  Slab ;  from 
torquere,  tortum,  '  to  twist,'  and  collum.,  '  the  neck.' 
A  variety  of  rheumatism,  seated  in  the  muscles 
of  the  neck,  which  prevents  the  motion  of  the 
head,  and  causes  the  patient  to  hold  it  inclined  to 
the  side  affected.  It  is,  commonly,  of  short  du- 
ration ;  usually  disappearing  in  a  few  days.  Ru- 
befacients are  the  best  topical  applications.  The 
term  is  also  applied  to  permanent  contraction  of 
the  muscles  of  the  neck,  which  causes  the  head 
to  be  held  to  one  side.  The  remedy  is  the  divi- 
sion of  the  contracted  muscles. 

TORTOISE,  FRESHWATER,  GREAT,  Hy- 
draspis  expansa. 

TORTUE,  Testudo. 

TORTURA  ORIS,  Canine  laugh,  Neuralgia 
faciei — t.  Oris  paralytica  Linnsei,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

TOR'ULA  CEREVIS'I^,  Saccharom'ycessen 


TORULTJS  GLANDIS 


924 


TRACHELISMUS 


Mycoder'ma  cerevisics,  Crypfococ'cuH  ferment' nm 
seu  cei-evisi'cB,  (F.)  C'hampiynon  dti  ferment.  Yeast 
plant.  One  of  the  simplest  forms  of  vegetation, 
capable,  under  favourable  circumstances,  of  vege- 
tating rapidly,  and  assisting  in  producing  the 
fermentation  of  saccharine  substances.  The 
plant  has  been  found  in  vomited  fluids,  and  in 
feces. 

TORULUS  GLANDIS,  Crown  of  the  glans. 
TOR, US,  Muscle  —  t.  Mands,  Metacarpus. 
TOTA  BONA,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus. 
TOTSU  KASO,  Sphseria  Sinensis. 
TOTTY,  Vertiginous. 
TOTUM  CARNOSUM,  Pancreas. 
TOUCH,  Tactua,  Tac'tio,  Haphe,  Hapsis,  Tac'- 
tion,  Palpa'tion,  (P.)  Toucher.     One  of  the  five 
senses,  and  that  which  makes  known  to  us  the 
palpable  qualities  of  bodies,  such  as  their  con- 
sistence, quality,  &c.     It  is  seated,  particularly, 
in    the  hands;  and    differs   from    tact   in   being 
active.     See  Esaphe,  and  Palpation. 

'  To  touch  the  mouth  with  mercury'  is  to  pro- 
duce the  constitutional  effects  of  that  agent,  as 
evinced  by  the  falling  away  of  the  gums,  &c. 
TotJCH-ME-NOT,  Impatiens  fulva. 
Touch,  Royal.  It  was  atone  time  almost  uni- 
versally believed,  in  England,  that  the  royal  touch 
would  remove  Scrofula  or  King's  Evil  (as  it  was 
thence  called).  This  superstition  is  now  entirely 
exploded.  Edward,  the  Confessor,  was  the  first 
English  king  who  touched  for  the  Evil. 

TO  UCEEE,    Esaphe,    Touch  —  t.     Vaginal, 
Esaphe. 

TOUCHWOOD,  Boletus  igniarius. 
TOUE  DE  MAITRE,  Coup  de  Mattre. 
TOURBILLON  VASGULAIRE,  Vasa  vaso- 
rum. 

TOURNESOL,  Heliotropium  Europaeum. 
TOURNIOLE,  Paronychia. 
TOUR'NIQUET,  Tor'cular,  Tor'culum,  Tor- 
nac' ulum,  Proe'lium,  Prm'lium,  Prm'lium  seu  Pre- 
lum arteria'le,  Verticil'lum,  Fas'cia  tor'tilis,  from 
(F.)  tourner,  'to  turn.'  A  surgical  instrument 
for  stopping  the  course  of  blood  in  the  limbs,  by 
exerting  a  strong  compression  upon  the  principal 
artery.  It  was  invented  by  a  French  surgeon. 
Morel,  in  the  middle  of  the  17th  century;  and 
was  modified  subsequently,  by  Nuck,  Verduc, 
Monro,  Petit,  and  Louis.  It  is  used  to  suspend, 
for  a  time,  the  circulation  in  a  limb,  during  great 
operations  ;  to  arrest  arterial  hemorrhage  in  cases 
of  wounds;  to  compress  certain  aneurismal  and 
other  tumours,  Ac. 

TO  US-LES-NOIS,  Am'ylum  canna'ceum, 
Canna  Starch.  A  fecula  obtained  from  the  root 
of  Canna  edu'lis.  It  resembles  potato  starch, 
and  may  be  substituted  for  arrow-root.  It  is  ob- 
tained from  St.  Kitts. 
TOUT,  Nates. 

TOUTE  BONNE,  Salvia  sclarea. 
TO  UTE  EPICE,   see   Myrtus   pimenta  —  t. 
Saine,  Sanioula. 

TO  VX,  Tussis— «.  Bleue,  Pertussis  —  t.  Bron- 
ehique,  Bronchial  cough.  Cough,  tubal — t.  Caver- 
neuse,  see  Cavernous  respiration  —  t.  Convulsive, 
Pertussis  —  t.  Quinteuse,  Pertussis  —  t.  Tulaire, 
Bronchial  cough.  Cough,  tubal. 
TOXIC^MIA,  Toxicohsemia. 
TOXICAL,  Poisonous. 
TOXICATIO,  Poisoning. 
TOXICODENDRON.  Rhus  toxicodendron. 
TOXICOHJjl'MIA,  Toxica'mia,  from  toxicum, 
'a  poison,'  and  'ai//a,  'blood.'     Poisoning  of  the 
blood. — Piorry. 

_  TOXICOL'OGT,    Toxicolog"ia,  from  toxicum, 
(itself  from  rofoi/,  'a  bow,')  'a  poison,'  and  Xoyos, 
'  a  description.'     A  treatise  on  poisons. 
TOXICO'SES,  (G.)  Toxikosen,  from  toxi- 


cum, 'a  poison.'     A  family  of  diseases,  according 
to  the  classification  of  Fuchs,  caused  by  the  re- 
ception of  poisons  into  the  system. 
TOXICUM,  Poison,  Venom. 
TOXIQUE,  Poisonous. 

TRABECULA  CEREBRI,  Corpus  callosum— 
t.  Cordis,  Columnse  carnese. 

TRABECULE  CORPORUM  CAVERNOSO- 
RUM,  see  Cavernous  bodies. 

TRABECULE  SPLENIS,  see  Spleen— t.Wil- 
lisii,  Chordae  Willisii. 

TRABES  CORDIS,  Columnas  earnese. 
TRABS,  Penis — t.  Cerebri,  Corpus  callosum — 
t.  Medullaris,  Corpus  callosum. 

TRACE,  PRIMITIVE,  Groove,  primitive. 
TRACHE'A,  (generally,  however,  accented 
Tra'chea,)  Trache'a  seu  Trachei'a  arte'ria.  Bron- 
chus, As'pera  arteria,  Fis'tula  spiritna'lis  seu 
pidmona'lis,  Canna,  Syrin'ga,  Syrinx  ;  the  Wind- 
jyipe,  Wosen,  Weasand,  Weesel,  Throttle,  (Sc.) 
Thropill,  (Prov.)  Keehcorn,Kecher,Thropp>le,{_V.) 
Trachee  arterej  from  rpa^vg,  'rough,'  and  aprripia, 
'artery,'  composed  of  aijp,  'air,'  and  rripeiv,  'to 
keep.'  The  trachea  is  a  cyliudrical,  fibro-cartila- 
ginous  and  membranous  tube,  flattened  behind, 
and  situate  on  the  median  line,  before  the  verte- 
bral column,  from  the  inferior  part  of  the  larynx, 
as  far  as  the  third  dorsal  vertebra.  There  it 
divides  into  two  branches,  the  bronchia,  which 
separate  to  go  to  each  lung.  The  trachea,  the 
function  of  which  is  to  convey  air  to  the  lungs 
during  respiration,  is  composed,  1.  Of  carti- 
laginous rings,  An'nuli  cartllagin'ei,  Segmen'ta 
cartilagin'ea,  Orhes  cartilagino'si,  incomplete  be- 
hind; situate  one  above  the  other,  and  kept  in 
situ  by  a  fibrous  membrane.  2.  Of  a  mucous 
membrane,  which  lines  it  internally,  and  contains 
numerous  mucous  follicles.  3.  Of  transverse 
muscular  fibres,  not  well-marked,  which  occupy 
its  posterior  surface.  4.  Of  vessels,  which  pro- 
ceed from  the  superior  and  inferior  thyroideal ; 
and,  5.  Of  nerves,  that  are  given  ofi'  by  the  pneu- 
mogastric  and  the  cervical  ganglia. 

The    breathing   tubes    of  insects    are   termed 
Tracheae, 
Trachea  Arteria,  Trachea. 
TRACHEA,  see  Trachea. 

TRA'CHEAL,  Trachea'lis.  Appertaining  to 
the  trachea.  An  epithet  applied  to  respiration 
as  heard  through  the  stethoscope  opposite  the 
trachea,  larynx,  and  root  of  the  bronchia;  the 
air  appearing  as  if  sucked  in  from  the  cylinder 
during  inspiration,  and  expelled  during  expira- 
tion. 

Tracheal  Glands.  Mucous  follicles  on  the 
posterior  surface^of  the  trachea.  They  are  small, 
flattened  ovoid  bodies. 

TRACHEA'LIS.  The  fibres  of  unstriped  mus- 
cle, which  pass  from  one  portion  of  each  of  the 
tracheal  cartilages  to  the  other,  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  trachea,  have  been  so  called  by  some 
anatomists.     When  they  contract,  they  approxi- 
mate the  extremities  of  the  cartilage;  diminish 
the  calibre  of  the  trachea;  and  thus  increase  the 
velocity  of  the  air  forced  through  it,  as  in  cough- 
ing, and  facilitate  the  removal  of  any  irritating 
substance  in  contact  with  the  lining  membrane. 
TRACHEE  ARTERE,  Trachea. 
TRACHEITIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
TRACHELAGRA,  Torticollis.    Also,  gout  in 

TRACHELIAN,  CervicaL 

TRACHELISM'US,  from  Tpaxv>^ov,  '  the  neck.' 
A  term  proposed  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall,  for  a  fan- 
cied spasmodic  action  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck, 
which  he  esteems  to  be  the  cause  of  many  morbid 
phenomena,  by  inducing  compression  of  the  veins 
of  the  neck  and  an  impeded  return  of  blood  from 
the  head. 


TRACHELITIS 


925 


TRANSFUSION 


TRACHELITIS,  Cynanche  traohealis. 
TRACHELIUM     AMERICANUxAI,     Lobelia 
cardinalis. 

TRA  CHEL  0-A  TL  0  ID  0-0  OCIPITAL,  Obli- 
quus  superior  capitis — t.  Atloido-busilaire,  Rectus 
capitis  lateralis  —  f.  5asi7au'e,  Rectus  capitis  in- 
ternus  major  —  t.  Basilaire,  petit,  Rectus  capitis 
internus  minor. 

TRACHE'LO-DIAPHRAGMAT'IC,  Trachelo- 
diaphragnuU'icus.  The  fourth  pair  of  cervical 
nerves,  whence  the  phrenic  nerve  chiefly  arises. 
—  Chaussier. 

TRAGHELO-MASTOWIEN,  Complexus  mi- 
nor—  t.  Occipital,  Complexus  —  t.  Seap>ulaire, 
Levator  scapulae. 

TRACHELOS,  Collum. 

TRACHE'O  -  BRONCHI'TIS.      Inflammation 
of  the  trachea  and  bronchia. 
TRACHEOCELE,  Bronchocele. 
TRACHEOPHONY,  Laryngophony. 
TRACHEOPHTHISIS,  see  Phthisis  laryngea. 
TRACHEOPHYMA,  Bronchocele. 
TRACHEORRHAG"IA,  Bcemop'toe  seu  ITcb- 
mop'tysis  lurynge'a  et  trachea'lis,  from    rfiaxtia, 
'  the  trachea,'  and  prjyvvfii,  '  to  break  forth.'    He- 
morrhage from  the  trachea. 

TRACHEOSTENO'SIS,  from  rpaxua,  'the 
trachea,'  and  aTevwcis,  '  contraction.'  Contrac- 
tion or  narrowness  of  the  trachea. 

TRACH'EOTOME,  from  trachea,  and  ropir,, 
'  incision.'  An  instrument  of  the  trocar  kind, 
for  opening  the  trachea. 

TRACHEOTOMY,  see  Bronchotomy. 
TRACHITIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
TRACHO'MA,  from  rpaxvi,  '  rough.'  Anpre'do, 
Aspritu'do,  Pladar'otes,  Asperitu'do,  Scabrifies, 
Gran'ular  conjiincti'va,  Gran'ular  eyelid,  (F.) 
Asperite  des  Panpieres.  A  roughness  of  the  inner 
surface  of  the  eyelids.  A  variety  of  ophthalmia, 
of  which  three  kinds  have  been  designated: — T. 
sabulo'sum,  from  sand,  &c.,  getting  between  the 
eyelids ;  T.  carunculo' sum,  Pladar'otes,  Plnda- 
ro'sis,  Morum  pal'pebrce  inter'nm,  from  fleshy 
excrescences ;  and  T.  herpet'icum,  from  hard 
pustules  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids. 
This  last  is,  also,  called  Fico'sis,  and  Pal'pebra 
fico'sa. 

TRACT,  OPTIC,  see  Optic  nerves  — t.  Respi- 
ratory, see  Respiratory  tract. 

TRACTATIO  MANUARIA,  Surgery. 
TRACTORATION,  Perkinism,   see    Tractors, 
metallic. 

TRACTORS,  METAL'LIC.  Metallic  agents, 
introduced  by  Dr.  Elisha  Perkins,  of  Connecticut, 
about  the  end  of  the  last  century,  to  cure  diseases. 
The  parts  were  rubbed  with  these  tractors,  and 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  cases  were  reported  to 
have  been  cured  by  the  Tractora'tion.  The 
afi"ections,  in  which  they  were  chiefly  used,  were 
local  inflammations,  and  pains  in  different  parts. 
The  good  effects  were,  doubtless,  owing  to  the  in- 
fluence exerted  by  the  mind  over  the  body.  The 
bubble  did  not  exist  long.     See  Perkinism. 

TRACT  US  INTESTINORUM,  Intestinal 
Tube  —  t.  Opticus,  see  Optic  nerves  —  t.  Respi- 
ratorius.  Respiratory  tract. 

Tractus  Spira'lis  Foraminulen'tus.  Minute 
openings  at  the  base  of  the  modiolus,  arranged 
in  a  spiral  manner,  which  transmits  the  filaments 
of  the  cochlear  nerve.  The  central  canal  of  the 
Tractus  is  longer  than  the  rest,  and  is  called 
Tu'bidii'i  centra'lis  modi'oli. 

TRADESCAN'TIA  VIRGIN'ICA,  Spider- 
wort;  indigenous;  Order,  Commelynaceas ;  flow- 
ering from  May  to  August.  The  roots  are  de- 
mulcent. 

TRAGACAN'THA,  from  rpayo;,  'a  goat,'  and 
anavSa,  'a  thorn,'  owing  to  its   hirsute  boughs. 


Gummi  Tragacan'tha  seu  Astrag'ali  TragaeantTice, 
Gum  Tragacanth,  Gum  Dragon.  The  concrete 
juice  of  the  Astragalus  Tragacautha  or  Astraga- 
lus Verus,  a  native  of  Persia.  Ord.  Leguminosse. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  (F.)  Gomme 
Adragant,  Adragant,  Adragante,  Adraganthe. 
This  gum  is  inodorous ;  nearly  insipid ;  of  a 
whitish  colour;  semi-transparent,  and  striated. 
It  is  in  thin,  vermiform  pieces  ;  and  does  not  form 
a  smooth,  uniform  mucilage  with  water.  It  is 
demulcent,  but  is  rarely  used  alone. 

TRAGEA  AROMATICA,  Pulvis  cinnamomi 
compositus. 

TRAG"ICUS,  Tragien  (Ch.),  from  Tragus. 
A  small,  flat,  triangular  muscle  which  almost 
wholly  covers  the  outer  surface  of  the  tragus, 
arising  from  its  base,  and  terminating  at  the  top 
of  the  eminence. 

TRAGTEN,  Tragicus. 

TRAGOMASCHA'LIA,  Tragomas'chnlf.,  from 
Tpayog,  'a  goat,'  and  f<ao■;^;a^J7,  'axilla.'  The 
strong  unpleasant  odour  of  the  armpits. 
TRAGOPHONIA,  Egophony. 
TRAGOPO'GON,  Barba  hirci:  from  rpayo?,  '  a 
goat,'  and  ruywv,  '  beard.'  A  genus  of  plants ; 
Ord.  Cichoracea^.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Poly- 
gamia  Squalls.  (F.)  Barhe  de  Bnuc  ;  of  which 
the  roots  of  the  Tragopogon  porrifo'lium,  Salsifi, 
Oyster  plant.  Oyster-root,  (F.)  Salsijis  ou  Cer- 
cifis,  and  the  young  shoots  of  the  T.  prnten'se. 
Meadow  Salsifi,  Common  Goat's  Beard,  (F.)  Sal- 
sifis  des  pres,  are  eaten  as  food.  The  root  of  the 
latter  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic. 

TRAGOSELINUM,  Pimpinella  saxifraga  — t. 
Angelica,  Ligusticum  podagraria  —  t.  Magnum, 
Pimpinella  magna  —  t.  Majus,  Pimpinella  magna 
—  t.  Saxifraga,  Pimpinella  magna. 

TRAGUS;  rpayos,  'a,  goat;'  from  its  being  fur- 
nished, in  some  persons,  with  hair,  like  the  beard 
of  a  goat.  Hircus,  Hirquus.  A  small,  flattened, 
triangular  nipple,  situate  before  the  meatus  audi- 
torius  externus,  which  it  appears  to  conceal.  It 
is  covered  with  hair  in  old  people,  whence  its 
name.  Also,  the  peculiar  goat-like  smell  of  the 
asillse. 

Tragus  Matthioli,  Salsola  kali. 
TRAINASSE,  Polygonum  aviculare. 
TRAITEMENT,    Curatio  — «.    Pallialif,    see 
Palliation. 

TRAMIS,  Perineum. 
TRANCE,  Catalepsy,  Ecstasis. 
TRANCHEES,  Tormina  — «.  Uterines,  Pains, 
after. 

TRANS,  in  composition,  'through,  over,  or 
beyond.' 

TRANSFIGURATIO,  Transformation. 
TRANSFORMA'TION,  Transforwa'tio,  Trans- 
figura'tio,  Transmuta'tio,  iletab'ole,  from   trans, 
and  forma,  'form.'     Change  of  form. 

TRANSF0R3IATI0NS  BE  TISSU,  (F.) 
The  French  pathologists  designate  thus  the 
change  that  occurs  in  an  organ,  the  tissue  of 
which  becomes  similar  to  that  of  another  organ. 
The  chief  transformations  are  cartilaginous,  osse- 
ous, and  adipous.     See  Tissue. 

TRANSFU'SION,  Transfusio,  Jtletaclt'ysia, 
from  transfundere  (trans,  and fundere, fusum,  'to 
pour')  'to  pour  from  one  vessel  into  another.' 

Transfusion  of  Blood,  Travsfusio  San'gninis, 
Cura  Medea'na,  IletJxEinachym'ia,  Ecematome- 
tach'ysis,HcBmo7netach'ysis,Diach'ysi8,Transplan- 
ta'tio  med'ica  nova,  Chirur'gia  transfuso'via,  Ex- 
otichcp.mato'sis.  The  act  of  passing  the  blood  of 
one  animal  into  the  veins  of  another;  an  opera- 
tion which  was  formerly  used  to  fulfil  various 
therapeutical  intentions.  It  has  been  revived  in 
cases  of  uterine  hemorrhage;  and,  apparently, 
with  some  success. 
I      The  operation  can   only  be  performed  safely 


TRANSLATION 


926 


TRANSVERSUS   AURIS 


Dn  animals  having  like   kinds    of  blood.      See 
Globule. 

TRANSLATION,  Metastasis. 

TRANSMISSIBILITY,  see  Sensibility. 

TRANSMUTATIO,  Transformation. 

TRANSPIRATIO,  Prespiration— t.  Unilatera, 
Hemidiaphoresis. 

TRANSPIRA  TOIRE,  Perspiratory. 

TR ANSPLANTA'TIO,  [trans,  and  2jlanta,)  3fe- 
tapkt/tei'a.     A  pretended  method  of  curing  dis- 
eases,  devised  by  Paracelsus  —  by  making  them  i 
pass  from  one  individual  to  another,  either  ani-  j 
mal  or  vegetable.  I 

Transplantatio,  Morioplastice  —  t.  Medioa 
nova.  Transfusion. 

Transplanta'tio  Dentis,  InsW'io  dentis.  The  | 
act  of  transplanting  a  tooth  from  one  person  to  j 
another. 

TRANSPORT,  Delirium. 

TRANSPOSITIO,  Metathesis. 

TRANSPOSIT''ION,rra;i«23osi<"io,from  trans,  ! 
'over,'  and  ponere, positum,  'to  put.'    Jiletath'esis. 
Change  of  situation. 

Transposition  op  the  Vis'cera,  Polype'ria 
promis'cua  translati'va,  Intus  inver'siis,  is  a  con- 
genital vice  of  conformation,  which  consists  in 
the  viscera  being  found  out  of  the  situations  they 
ordinarily  occupy:  the  heart,  for  example,  being 
on  the  risrht  side  ;  the  liver  on  the  left,  &c. 

TRAN'SUDATIO,  Diapedesis. 

TRANSUDA'TION,  Transuda'tio,  (F.)  Trans- 
sudation,  from  trans,  '  through,'  and  sudare,  suda- 
tum,  'to  sweat.'  The  passage  of  a  fluid  through 
the  tissue  of  any  organ,  which  may  collect  in 
small  drops  on  the  opposite  surface,  or  evaporate 
from  it. 

Transudation,  Exosmose. 

TRANSVERSAIRE  EPINEUX,  Trans ver- 
salis  dorsi — f.  Epineux  du  cou,  Semispinalis  colli 
—  t.  Grele,  see  Sacro-lumbalis —  t.  Epineux  du 
do8,  Semi-spinatus  dorsi. 

TRANSVERSAL  DE  LA  CONQUE,  Trans- 
versalis  auris  —  t.  du  Nez,  Compressor  nasi  —  t. 
des  Orteils,  Transversus  pedis. 

TRANSVERSALIS,  Transverse. 

Transversa'lis  Abdom'inis,  (F.)  Lomho-ah- 
dominal  (Ch.),  Transverse  de  V Abdomen.  This 
muscle  is  seated,  deeply,  on  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  abdomen.  It  is  flat,  thin,  and  broader  before 
than  behind.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  carti- 
lage of  the  last  true  rib,  and  to  those  of  every 
false  rib  ;  and,  below,  to  the  inner  lip  of  the  crista 
of  the  ilium;  to  the  two  outer  thirds  of  the  crural 
arch,  and  to  the  upper  part  of  the  pubis.  Its 
fibres,  moreover,  are  inserted,  behind,  by  means 
of  broad  aponeuroses,  into  the  top  of  the  trans- 
verse and  spinous  processes  of  the  first  four  lum- 
bar vertebrae  ;  and,  before,  into  the  linea  alba, 
and  the  ensiform  cartilage.  This  muscle,  all  of 
whose  fibres  have  a  transverse  direction,  con- 
stricts the  belly,  and  diminishes  the  base  of  the 
chest,  by  drawing  inwards  the  ribs  to  which  it  is 
attached. 

Tra:nsversalis  Anticus  Primus,  Rectus  ca- 
pitis lateralis  —  t.  CoUateralis  colli,  see  Saero- 
lumbalis. 

TraNSVERSA'lis  Colli,  Transversalis  Ilajor 
colli.  Portion  of  the  Sacrospinal  (Ch.),  (F.) 
Transversal  re.  A  muscle,  seated  at  the  posterior 
and  lateral  part  of  the  neck  and  upper  part  of 
the  back.  It  is  attached  to  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  five  or  six  lowest  vertebrae  of  the 
neck;  and  to  those  of  the  four  or  five  first  dorsal. 
It  extends  the  vertebrae  of  the  neck,  and  inclines 
them  to  its  side. 

Transversalis  Colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli. 

Transversalis  Dorsi,  Transverso -spinalis, 
Ilidtif'idus  SpincB,  Lwnbo-cervical  portion  of  the 


Spinal  (Ch.),  (Transcerso-spinnh's  Lnmho'rum, 
Transverso  -  spinalis  Dorsi,  Transverso  -  spinalis 
Colli,)  Mus'cxdus  sneer,  Spinoles  et  trnnsversales 
lumhorum,  Semi-spinalis  internus  sive  Transverso- 
spinalis  colli  pars  interna  (Winslow),  Lombo- 
dorsi-spinal,  &c.,  (F.)  Trnnsversaire  epineux. 
This  muscle,  usually  called,  by  English  anato- 
mists, Multif  idus  spincB,  and  including  all  the 
transversn-spinales,  is  situate  in  the  vertebral 
gutters,  extending  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
sacrum  to  the  second  cervical  vertebra.  It  is 
thicker  in  the  neck  and  loins  than  in  the  back 
and  behind  the  sacrum.  Its  use  is — to  straighten 
the  vertebral  column,  and  to  impress  upon  it  a 
slight  rotary  motion. 

Transversalis  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

TRANSYERSARIUS,  Transverse. 

TRANSVERSE,    Transver'sus,   Transversa'lis, 

Transversa' rius,  from  trans,  'over,'  and  vertere, 

versum,  'to  turn.'     That  which  runs  across:  alsoi 

I  that  which  relates  to  the  transverse  processes  of 

the  vertebrae. 

Transverse  Artery  of  the  Pace,  arises  from 
the  temporal ;  passes  transversely  across  the  face, 
in  front  of  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw,  and 
gives  its  branches  to  the  different  muscles  of  the 
cheek. 

Transverse  Fissure,  see  Liver — t.  Fossa,  see 
Liver — t.Ligament  of  the  Atlas,  Annular  ligament. 

Transverse  Perineal  Artery,  Urethro-bul- 
bar  (Ch.),  is  given  off  from  the  upper  branch  of 
the  internal  pudic ;  and  passes  inwards  and  for- 
wards above  the  transversus  perinaei  muscles,  as 
far  as  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  into  which  it  dips, 
subdividing  into  numerous  branches. 

Transverse  Proc"esses  op  the  Ver'tebr^, 
Diapopih'yses  of  Owen,  (F.)  Apopihyses  transversea 
des  vertebres,  are  the  bony  eminences  that  jut  out 
transversely  and  posteriorly  from  the  sides  of  tho 
vertebras. 

Transverse  Suture,  Sutu'ra  transversa'lis, 
runs  across  the  face,  and  sinks  into  the  orbit; 
joining  the  bones  of  the  skull  to  those  of  the 
face,  but  with  so  many  irregularities  and  inter- 
ruptions, that  it  can  scarcely  be  recognised  as  a 
suture. 

TRANSVERSE  DE  L'ABDOMEN,  Trans- 
versalis abdominis  —  t.  de  I'Oricule,  Transversus 
auris — t.  du  Perinee,  Transversus  perinaji. 

TRANSVERSO-SPINAL,  Semi-spinalis  colli, 
Semi-spinalis  dorsi  —  t.  Spinalis,  Transversalis 
dorsi — t.  Spinalis  colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli  —  t. 
Spinalis  dorsi,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi. 

TRANSVER'SUS  AURIS,  Transver'sus  Au- 
ric'nlcB,  (F.)  Transverse  de  I'Oricule  (Ch.),  Trans- 
versal de  la  Conque,  is  often  wanting.  It  is 
formed  of  some  transverse  fibres,  situate  trans- 
versely, behind  the  projection  of  the  helix  which 
divides  the  concha  into  two  portions. 

Transversus  Pedis,  Scandula'rius,  {'F.jTrana- 
versal  des  Orteils,  JJetatarso-sous-phalangien 
transversal  du  premt'ef  orteil  (Chaussier).  A 
muscle,  which  arises  by  fleshy  slips  from  the 
heads  of  the  metatarsal  bones  of  the  three  outer 
toes.  Its  tendon  is  inserted  into  the  base  of  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe,  being  blended  with 
that  of  the  adductor  pollicis. 

Transversus  Perin^ei,  Leva'tor  Ayti  parvus, 
(F.)  Isehio-perineal  (Ch.),  Transverse  du  Perinee, 
is  placed  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  pcrinseum. 
It  is  thin,  triangular,  and  situate  transversely. 
Its  external  extremity  is  attached  to  the  ramus 
and  tuberosity  of  the  ischium:  its  inner  extremity 
is  confounded  with  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side, 
and  with  the  anterior  part  of  the  sphincter  ani 
and  posterior  part  of  the  bulbo-cavernosus.  The 
use  of  this  muscle  is, — to  compress  the  urethra, 
and  to  support  the  rectum  and  bladder.     To  a 


TRAPA  NATANS 


927 


TREPHINE 


fasciculus  of  this  muscle,  Santoriiii  has  given  the 
name  TJre'ihra  Eleva'tor  seu  Ejacula'tor. 

Transversus  Perinje'i  Alter,  Frosfat'icvs 
inferior.  A  small  muscle  which  occasionally  ac- 
companies the  last. 

TRAPA  NATANS,  (F.)  If  acre  flottante,  Noix 
ou  CJidtaigne  d'Eau.  Orel.  Onagracese.  Sex. 
Si/st.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  plant  which 
affords  the  Nuces  Aquat'ica,  Trib'uli  aquatici, 
Caltrops.  The  nut  is  considered  nutrient  and 
demulcent,  and  is  said  to  be  useful  in  diarrhoea 
from  abrasion  of  the  bowels,  and  in  calculus.  A 
poultice  is  sometimes  made  of  it  to  discuss  hard 
and  indolent  tumours. 

TRAPEZA,  Mensa. 

TRAPJSZE,  Trapezium,  Trapezius. 

TRAPE'ZIUM  OS,  rpaTn^iov,  'a  trapezium.'  So 
called  from  its  shape.  Os  wultan'gulum  majus, 
(F.)  Os  trapeze.  The  first  bone  of  the  second 
row  of  the  carpus.  It  is  articulated,  above,  with 
the  scaphoides;  below,  with  the  first  bone  of  the 
metacarpus;  within,  with  the  trapezoides,  and 
second  metacarpal  bone.  Anteriorly,  posteriorly, 
and  externally,  it  gives  attachment  to  ligaments. 

TRAPE'ZIUS,  Cuculla'rie,  (F.)  Borso-sus- 
acromien  (Ch.),  Trapeze,  Capuchon.  A  muscle, 
seated  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  neck  and 
shoulder,  and  at  the  upper  part  of  the  back.  It 
has  the  shape  of  a  trapezium;  is  attached,  on  the 
one  hand,  to  the  inner  third  of  the  upper  curved 
line  of  the  occipital  bone;  to  the  posterior  cer- 
vical ligament;  to  the  spinous  process  of  the  7th 
cervical  vertebra;  and  to  those  of  all  the  dorsal 
vertebrae;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  to  the  spine 
of  the  scapula;  the  acromion  and  the  outer  third 
of  the  posterior  margin  of  the  clavicle.  Its  upper 
fibres  are  situate  obliquely  downwards  and  out- 
wards ;  the  transverse  and  inferior,  obliquely  out- 
wards and  inwards.  This  muscle  elevates  the 
shoulder;  carries  it  backwards,  or  depresses  it, 
according  as  its  upper,  middle,  or  lower  fibres 
contract  separately.  It  straightens  the  head, 
also,  and  inclines  it  to  one  side. 

TRAP'EZOID  LIGAMENT,  Ligartien'tum  tra- 
pezoides. The  anterior  part  of  the  coraco-clavi- 
cular  ligament.  It  is  a  very  strong,  fibrous  fas- 
ciculus, which  has  the  shape  of  a  trapezium,  and 
is  situate  obliquely,  between  the  acromion  process 
and  clavicle. 

TRAPEZOf'DES,  OS,  Os  multan'gidum  minus 
seu  pyrainida'le  carpi,  from  TpaT:e(,iov,  'a  trape- 
zium,' and  £ti5of,  'shape  or  resemblance'  The 
second  bone  of  the  second  row  of  the  carpus, — so 
called  from  its  shape.  It  is  smaller  than  the  tra- 
pezium, on  the  inside  of  which  it  is  situate.  It 
is  articulated,  above,  with  the  os  navieulare ; 
below,  with  the  second  metacarpal  bono:  on  the 
outside,  with  the  trapezium;  and  internally,  with 
the  magnum.  Anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  it 
affords  attachment  to  ligaments. 

TRAUBENKUR,  Grape  cure. 

TRAULISMUS,  see  Balbuties  and  Blaesitas. 

TRAULOTES,  see  Blaesitas. 

TRAUMA,  Wound. 

TRAUMAT'IC,  Traumat'icus,  Vulnera'rius, 
Vul'nerary,  (F.)  Traumo.tique,  from  rctavna,  rpav- 
uaTog,  '  a  wound.'     Anything  relating  to  a  wound. 

TRAUMATICA,  Detergents,  Vulneraries. 

TRAUMATIGINE;  same  etymon  as  Trau- 
matic. A  name  given  by  Eulenberg  to  a  solution 
of  gutta  percha  in  chloroform,  which  is  applied 
externally  in  various  chronic  cutaneous  diseases. 

TRAUMATICUS,  Traumatic,  Vulnerary. 

TRAU'MATISM,  Traumatis'mus.  The  condi- 
tion of  the  organism  occasioned  by  a  grave  wound. 

TRAU'MATO-COMI'UM,  from  rpav/^a,  rpav- 
jtaros,  'a  wound,'  and  KOjxeo>,  'I  take  care  of.'  An 
hospital  for  the  reception  of  the  wounded. 


TRAUMATOP'YRA,  Fehris  traumat'icn  ;  from 
Tpavfxa,  TjiaiijuaTOi,  'a  wound,' and  vvp,  'fire.'  A 
wound  fever,  or  fever  consecutive  to  a  wound. 

TRAVAIL,  Parturition. 

TRAVAIL  D' ENFANT,  Parturition. 

TRAVELLER'S  JOY,  Clematis  vitalba. 

TREACLE,  Melasses,  Theriaca  — t.  English, 
Teucrium  chamsedrys  —  t.  Venice,  Theriaca. 

TREAD,  Cicatricula— t.  of  the  Cock,  Molecule. 

TREATMENT,  Curatio. 

Treatment,  Dry.  One  in  which  the  patient 
is  almost  wholly,  if  not  wholly,  restricted  from 
the  alimentary  use  of  fluids ;  a  valuable  modus 
medendi  in  inflammatory  and  hemorrhagic  condi- 
tions. 

TREE,  ELK,  Andromeda  arborea  —  t.  of  Life, 
Thuya^occidentalis — t.  Sour,  Andromeda  arborea. 

TREFLE  BE  CASTOR,  Menyanthes  trifo- 
liata — t.  D'Eau,  Menyanthes  trifoliata — t.  dea 
Ilarais,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TREFOIL,  Hepatica  triloba  — t.  Bean,  stink- 
ing, Anagyris  —  t.  Marsh,  Menyanthes  verna  —  t. 
Sour,  Oxalis  acetosella  —  t.  Shrubby,  Ptelea  tri- 
foliata— t.  Water,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TREMA,  Foramen. 

TREMBLEMENT,  Tremor  — f.  MHallique, 
see  Tremor. 

TREMBLES,  Milk-sickness. 

TREMBLING,  Tremor  — t.  Fevers,  Intermit- 
tent  fever. 

TREMELLA  AURICULA  JUDiE,  Peziza 
auricula. 

TREMOR,  Trepida'tio,  Syn'clonus  Tremor, 
Tromo-spasmus,  Tromus,  Trembling,  (F.)  Trem- 
blement,  from  tremere,  'to  tremble.'  Involuntary 
agitation  of  the  body,  or  of  some  part  of  it,  with- 
out any  obstacle  to  voluntary  motion.  It  de- 
pends, generally,  upon  debility  of  the  muscular, 
or  of  the  nervous  system;  and,  hence,  is  ob- 
served, in  convalescence,  and  in  typhoid  affec- 
tions. It  occurs,  also,  in  old  people ;  in  hard 
drinkers;  workers  in  mercury,  lead,  &c. :  in  the 
last  case,  it  is  called  by  the  French,  Tremblement 
metalh'que,  Tremor  metal'Ucus.  Tremor  seems  to 
resemble  paralysis  more  than  convulsion.  See 
Paralysis  agitans  and  Pavitatio. 

Tremor  Cordis,  Hippus,  Palpitation  — t.  Me- 
tallicus,  see  Tremor  —  t.  Potatorum,  see  Delirium 
tremens  —  t.  Purring,  Fremisseinent  cataire. 

TREPAN,  Trep'anum,  Try'panon,  Trip'anon, 
TpvTravov,  Terebel'la,  Pereter'ixun,  Peretor'ium, 
Serra  versat'ilia,  Chcen'icis,  Choenic'ion,  Ter'ebra, 
Ter'etron,  Tere'trium,  Vertib'ulum,  (F.)  Trepan, 
from  TpvKaw,  'I  perforate.'  A  surgical  instrument 
resembling  a  wimble,  and  worked  in  the  same 
manner.  It  is  used  for  removing  portions  of 
bone,  and  particularly  of  the  bones  of  the  skull. 
The  term  trepan  is  given  more  particularly  to  the 
part  of  the  instrument  that  makes  the  perforation. 
The  handle  is  so  constructed  as  to  receive  differ- 
ent bits, — as  the  crown,  the  Trepan  per/oratif  or 
Perite'rion,  the  T.  exfoliatif  or  Desquamato'riuni 
trep'anum,  and  the  T.  abaptis'ta. 

In   Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  this 
instrument  has  been  superseded  by  the  trephine, 
which  is  more  manageable. 
TREPANATIO,  Trepanning. 

TREPANATION,  Trepanning. 
TREPAN'NING,  Terehra'tio,  Anatre'sis,  Ce- 
pJialotripe'sis,  Trepana' tio,  Trype'sis,  Tresis,  Pri- 
ais,  Prismus,  Fora'tio,  (F.)  Trepanation.  Same 
etymon  as  Trepan.  The  methodical  application 
of  the  trepan. 

TREPANON,  Trepan. 
TREPANUM,  Trepan. 

TREPHINE.  The  instrument  which  has  re- 
placed the  trepan  in  some  countries.  It  consists 
of  a  simple,  cylindrical  saw;  with  a  handle  placed 


TREPHOUSA 


928 


TRICHILIA 


transversely  like  that  of  a  gimlet,  and  from  the 
centre  of  the  circle,  described  by  the  teeth  of  the 
saw,  a  sharp  little  perforator  projects,  called  the 
Centre-pin.  The  centre-pin  is  capable  of  being 
removed,  at  the  surgeon's  option,  by  means  of  a 
key  for  the  purpose.  It  is  used  to  fix  the  instru- 
ment until  the  teeth  of  the  saw  have  made  a  cir- 
cular groove,  sufficiently  deep  for  it  to  work 
steadily.  The  pin  must  then  be  removed.  Some- 
times the  pin  is  made  to  slide  up  and  down,  and 
to  be  fixed  in  any  position,  by  means  of  a  screw. 

TREPHOUSA,  Nurse. 

TREPIDATIO,  Tremor— t.  Cordis,  Cardiotro- 
mus.    ^ 

TREPIED   VITAL,  Tripod,  vital. 

TREPON'DO.  A  weight  of  three  pounds.— 
Scribonius. 

TRE'SIS,  Tpnci?,  from  rpew,  'I  bore.'  Properly, 
a  perforation.  A  wound.  A  forcible  solution  of 
continuit}'  in  a  soft  part,  commencing  externally. 
A  genus  in  the  nosology  of  Good. 

Tresis,  Trepanning,  Wound  —  t.  Causis,  Burn 
—  t.  Punotura,  Puncture  —  t.  Vulnus,  Wound  — 
t.  Vulnus  laceratum,  see  Laceration  —  t.  Vulnus 
simplex,  Cut. 

TRESSAILLE3IENT,  Shuddering. 

TRESSO'RIA,  low  Latin  Ejnsi'on,  t-iatiov.  A 
term  formerly  applied  to  the  hair  covering  the 
mons  veneris,  the  absence  of  which  has,  by  the 
vulgar,  been  esteemed  a  matter  of  reproach. 

TRI,  rpi,  in  composition,  '  three.' 

TRIACLE,  Melasses. 

TRIANGLE  3IEDULLAIRE,  Fornix. 

TRIANGLE,  VESICAL,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

TRIAN'GULAR,  Trigo'nos,  Triangula'ris, 
from  tri,  and  angulus,  'an  angle.'  That  which 
Has  three  angles. 

Triangular  or  Infra-pdbian  Ligament,  Lig- 
amen'tum  triangula're  seu  iiifra-pitbin'num,  is  a 
ligamentous  fascia  with  short  fibres,  situate  trans- 
versely beneath  the  symphysis  pubis,  which  it 
strengthens.  Also,  a  ligament  extending  from 
the  coracoid  to  the  acromial  process  of  the 
scapula. 

TRIANGULARIS,  Depressor  anguli  oris  — t. 
Coccygis,  Coccygeus — t.  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

Triangula'ris  Sterni,  Sterno-coUal  (Ch.), 
Pectora'lis  inter'nua.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  inner  part  of  the  chest,  behind  the 
cartilages  of  the  ribs.  It  has  the  shape  of  a 
lengthened  triangle,  the  base  of  which  is  directed 
downwards.  It  is  attached  to  the  posterior, 
lateral,  and  inferior  part  of  the  sternum,  whence 
its  fibres  pass  upwards  and  outwards,  and  termi- 
nate by  as  many  distinct  digitations  at  the  carti- 
lages of  the  3d,  4th,  5th,  and  6th  true  ribs.  This 
muscle  depresses  the  ribs  and  contributes  to  ex- 
piration. 

TRIBAS,  (P.)  Trihade,  from  TQii',u>,  '1  rub.' 
Frietrix,  Frica'trix,  FuUi'trix.  Maa'ciila,  Suhagi- 
tn'trix,  Suhigiia'trix.  A  female  whose  clitoris  is 
so  large  as  to  cause  her  to  be  regarded  as  an 
hermaphrodite.  One  who  acts  as  a  male  with 
another  female. 

TRIBULI  AQUATICI,  see  Trapa  natans. 

TRIBUTUM  LUNARE,  Menses  — t.  Men- 
struum, Menses. 

TRICyE,  Plica— t.  Incuborum,  Plica— t.  Scro- 
forum,  Plica. 

TRICAGO,  Teucrium  chamsedrys. 

TRICAUDALIS,  Retrahens  auris. 

TRICEPH'ALUS,  from  tri,  and  Kijuih,,  'head.' 
A  monster  with  three  heads. 

TRICEPS,  from  tri,  and  cajmt,  'head.'  A 
name  given  to  muscles  that  have  three  fleshy 
bundles  at  one  of  their  extremities. 

Triceps    Adduc'tor    Feji'dius.      Under   this 


appellation  are  comprehended  three  distinct  mus- 
cles;  Adductor  hrevis,  A.  lovgus,  and  A.  magnum. 

Triceps  Auris,  Retrahens  auris — t.  Brachialis, 
Triceps  extensor  cubiti. 

Triceps  Cruris,  Femora'Us,  (F.)  Trifemoro- 
rotulien  (Ch.),  Crural,  Trifemoro-tihi-rotulien, 
Triceps  crural  ou  de  la  cuisse,  is  situate  at  the 
anterior,  inner,  and  outer  part  of  the  thigh.  It 
is  formed  of  three  bundles  at  its  superior  extre- 
mity, viz.  1.  A  middle  fasciculus  (the  crura'lis  of 
most  anatomists).  2.  An  external  fasciculus  (the 
vastus  externus)  and  3.  An  inner  fasciculus  (the 
vastus  interims).  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
anterior,  inner,  and  outer  surfaces  of  the  femur, 
and  to  the  two  edges  of  the  linea  aspera,  from 
the  base  of  the  trochanter  to  within  four  fingers' 
breadth  of  the  knee.  Below,  it  terminates  by  a 
large  tendon,  which  is  attached  to  the  base  and 
edges  of  the  patella,  as  well  as  to  the  inner  and 
outer  tuberosities  of  the  tibia.  The  triceps  ex- 
tends the  leg  on  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 

TRICEPS  DE  LA  CUISSE,  Triceps  cruris— 
t.  Crural,  Triceps  cruris. 

Triceps  Exten'sor  Cu'biti,  Triceps  brachia'- 
lis,  (F.)  Scapiilo-humero-olecranieH  (Ch.),  Triceps 
brachial.  This  muscle,  which  occupies  all  the 
posterior  part  of  the  os  humeri,  is  described  as 
two  muscles  by  Douglas,  and  as  three  by  Wins- 
low.  It  arises  by  three  heads.  The  first  or  long 
head. — long  head  of  the  biceps  externus  of  Doug- 
las, Anconeus  major  of  Winslow, — arises  from  the 
anterior  extremity  of  the  inferior  costa  of  the 
scapula,  near  its  neck,  and  below  the  origin  of 
the  teres  minor.  The  second  head,  or  short  head 
of  the  biceps  externus  of  Douglas,  Anconeus  exter- 
nus of  Winslow,  arises  from  the  upper  and  outer 
part  of  the  os  humeri,  at  the  base  of  the  great 
tuberosity ;  and  the  third  head, — Brachialis  ex- 
ternus of  Douglas,  Anconeus  internus  of  Winslow, 
— the  shortest  of  the  three,  arises  from  the  back 
part  of  the  os  humeri,  behind  the  flat  tendon  of 
the  latissimus  dorsi.  These  three  portions  unite 
about  the  middle  of  the  arm,  so  as  to  form  one 
thick  and  powerful  muscle,  which  is  inserted  at 
the  upper  part  of  the  olecranon.  It  extends  the 
forearm  on  the  arm,  and  conversely. 

Triceps  Magnus,  Adductor  magnus — t.  Minor, 
Adductor  longus  femoris — t.  Secundus,  Adductor 
brevis. 

TRICH^  INCUBORUM,  Plica. 

TRICHANGIA,  Capillary  vessels 

TRICHANGIECTA'SIA,  Angidiecta'sia,  Tri- 
chocirsus,  from  $pt^,  Tpi)(^o;,  '  a  hair,'  ayytiov,  '  a 
vessel,'  and  cKTaan,  'dilatation.'  Morbid  dilata- 
tion of  the  capillary  vessels. 

TRICHAUX'E,  from  ^pif,  rpixos,  'hair,'  and 
a«f»;,  'increase.'  Increase  in  the  quantity  and 
size  of  the  hair,  without  change  of  texture. 

TRICHERA  ARVENSIS,  Scabiosa. 

TRICHIA,  Entropion. 

TRICHI'ASIS,  Trichio'sls,  Tricho'sis,  from 
•S-pi|,  r/)i;^;o?,  '  hair.'  ilorbus  pila'ris.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  several  aflFections.  1.  To  a  dis-' 
ease  of  the  kidneys  or  bladder,  in  which  filamen- 
tous substances,  resembling  hairs,  are  passed  in 
the  urine.  This  is  also  called  Pilimic'tio.  It 
must  be  regarded  as  a  variety  of  Catar'rhxis 
vesi'ccs.  2.  To  a.  painful  swelling  of  the  breasts, 
in  child-bed  women,  when  the  milk  is  excreted 
with  difficulty:  —  a  disease  attributed,  by  Aris- 
totle, to  a  hair  swallowed  by  accident  and  carried 
to  the  breasts  through  the  circulation  ;  and  3dly, 
To  inversion  of  the  eye-lashes.     See  Entropion. 

TRICHIASIS   LACTEA,  Infarctus   mammee 

TRICHILIA,  Cathartics. 

Trichil'ia  Emet'ica,  Elcaja.  A  tree.  Order, 
Meliaceae,  common  on  the  mountains  of  Yemen 


TRICHINA   SPIRALIS 


929 


TRIGEMINI 


and  in  Senegal.  The  fruit  is  used,  by  the  Arabs, 
as  an  emetic.  The  ripe  seeds  are  formed  with 
sesamum  oil  into  an  ointment  for  the  itch. 

Trichilia  Trifolia'ta,  a  bush  of  Curagoa,  a 
decoction  of  the  roots  of  which  is  used  to  pro- 
mote abortion. 

TRICHI'NA  SPIRA'LIS.  Same  etymon.  A 
small  species  of  entozoa  discovered  in  the  muscles 
of  voluntary  motion.  Trichinte  consist  of  very 
minute  eysts,  of  an  oblong  figure,  having  consi- 
derable resemblance,  in  size  and  colour,  to  young 
pediculi,  and  are  somewhat  allied  to  the  eels 
found  in  paste  and  vinegar.  No  symptoms  have 
as  yet  been  observed  to  be  pathognomonic  of  their 
presence. 

TRICHIOSIS,  Trichiasis— t.  Distrix,  Distrix. 

TRICHIS'MUS.  Same  etymon.  Gaiyilla'tio, 
Fiasu'ra  pila'ris.  A  capillary  fracture,  fissure, 
or  crack. 

TRICHIURIA,  Trichocephalus. 

TRICHOCEPHALE  BE  L' HOMME,  Tri- 
chocephalus. 

TRICHOCEPH'ALUS,  TncJioccj^Ji'alus  dis- 
par;  from  S-pi^,  Tf'f)(^og,  'a,  hair,'  and  Ke<pa\ri, 
'head.'  Trichu'ris,  T.  vulgaris  seu  ixtestina'lis, 
As'caria  trichu'ria,  Trichiu'ria,  Ti'icJiocephahis 
seu  Ifastigo'des  Tiominis,  Long  thread-worm,  (P.) 
Tn'choeephale  de  I'Jiomme.  A  worm,  from  an 
inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  long;  the  head 
acute;  the  body  spirally  involuted  in  the  male, 
almost  straight  in  the  female.  The  trichocepha- 
lus dispar  generally  inhabits  the  caecum  and 
colon,  and  is  rarely  met  with  in  the  small  intes- 
tines. It  gives  rise  to  no  peculiar  symptoms,  and 
requires  the  usual  anthelmintic  treatment. 

TRICHOCIRSUS,  Trichangiectasia. 

TRICHOG"ENOUS,  from  ^pil,  rpixos,  'a hair/ 
and  yevvau),  'I  generate.'  Hair-forming;  as  a 
'  trichogenous  remedy,'  —  one  that  promotes  the 
growth  of  hair. 

TRICHOLABIS,  Madisterium. 

TRICHOLABIUM,  Madisterium, 

TRICHOLOGIA,  Carphologia. 

TRICHOMA,  Capillamentum,  Plica. 

TRICHOMANES,  Asplenium  trichomanoides 
—  t.  Crenata,  Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

TRI'CHOMAPHYTE,  from  trichoma,  'plica,' 
and  (pvTov,  '  a  vegetable.'  A  cryptogamous  growth, 
found  in  plica,  and  said,  by  some,  to  be  its  cause. 

TRICHOMAPHYTON,  Mycoderma  plicse. 

TRICHOMATION,  Capillamentum. 

TRICHOMATOSE  HAIR,  Plica. 

TRICHOM'ONAS,  Trichom'onnd ,-  from  6pi^, 
rpi^oi,  'a  hair,'  and  monad.  An  animalcule 
found  by  M.  Donne  in  the  mucus  of  the  vagina, 
where  cleanliness  has  not  been  attended  to,  and 
to  which  he  has  given  the  name  Trichom'onas 
vagina'lis.  By  some  it  is  considered  to  be  no- 
thing more  than  ciliated  epithelium  separated 
from  the  uterus. 

TRICHOMYCES  TONSURANS,  Porrigo  de- 
calvans. 

TRICHONOSIS,  Porrigo— t.  Furfuracea,  Por- 
rigo decalvans — t.  Plica,Plica — t.Poliosis.Poliosis. 

TRICHON'OSUS,  from  Vf,  rpixoi,  'hair,'  and 
votros,  'disease.'     A  disease  of  the  hair. 

TRICHOPHY'IA,  Trichophyfica,  from  Spi^, 
Tp'.;^of,  'hair,'  and  (pvnv,  'to  grow.'  Remedies 
that  promote  the  growth  of  the  hair. 

TRICHOPHYTON  TONSURANS,  see  Porrigo 
decalvans. 

TRICHOSAN'THES,  AMA'RA,  (5p,f.  rpixo?, 
'  hair,'  and  av^ri,  '  a  flower.')  Order,  Cucurbita- 
cea?;  a  plant  of  India;  the  seeds  are  bitter  and 
astringent,  sometimes  emetic.  In  Jamaica,  it  is 
considered  to  be  a  poison,  and  is  used  for  killing 
rats. 

Trichosanthes  Corda'ta.     The  root  is  used 
59 


by  the  natives  of  India  as  a  substitute  for  Ca- 
lumba  root. 

Trichosanthes  Cucump;r'ina.  The  fruit  ia 
considered  in  India  to  be  anthelmintic. 

Trichosanthes  Inci'sa,  Gashed  Trichosanthes, 
of  the  forests  of  India.  The  fruit  is  esteemed  to 
be  poisonous.  Pounded  and  intimately  blended 
with  cocoa  nut  oil,  it  is  used  in  India  as  an  appli- 
cation to  oifensive  sores  of  the  ears,  and  to 
ozosna. 

Trichosanthes  Villo'sa,  of  Java..  The  fruit 
acts  like  coloc.ynth. 

TRICHOSCHISIS,  Schizatrichia. 

TPiICHO'SIS,  Pj'Za're  malum;  from  vfpif,  Tpi- 
XOi,  'hair.'  Morbid  organization  or  deficiency 
of  hair.     A  genus  in  the  system  of  Good. 

Trichosis,  Entropion,  Trichiasis  —  t.  Area, 
Porrigo  decalvans  —  t.  Athrix,  Alopecia —  t.  Dis- 
trix, Distrix — t.  Furfuracea,  Porrigo  furfurans  — 
t.  Hirsuties,  Hirsuties  —  t.  Plica,  Plica  —  t.  Polio- 
sis, Poliosis  —  t.  Setosa,  Hystriciasis. 

TRICHOTON,  Scalp, 

TRICHURIS,  Trichocephalus, 

TRICLISPERMA  GRANDIFLORA,  Polygala 
pauoifolia. 

TRICUS'PID,  Trictis'pis,  Tricuspida'lis,  Tri- 
cuspida'tus,  from  tri,  and  cuspis,  cuspidis,  'a 
point.'     That  which  has  three  points. 

Tricuspid  Valves,  Val'vulw  Tricus'pidea  seu 
triglo'chines  seu  trisvTcce,  are  three  triangular, 
valvular  duplicatures,  formed  by  the  inner  mem- 
brane of  the  right  cavities  of  the  heart,  around 
the  orifice  by  which  the  auricle  communicates 
with  the  ventricle.  The  elongated  and  pointed 
top  of  each  of  these  valves  is  continuous  with  the 
chordte  tendineaa,  which  set  out  from  the  columnfe 
carnese  of  the  heart.  These  valves  are  depressed 
to  allow  the  blood  to  flow  from  the  auricle  into 
the  ventricle  ;  and  are  raised  to  prevent  its  reflux 
into  the  auricle. 

TRIENS,  Un'cicB  qua'tnor.  From  tri,  'three.' 
The  third  part  of  a  pound.     Four  ounces,  Troy. 

—  Galen. 
TRIFACIAL,  Trigemini, 
TRIf£mORO-ROTULIEN,  Triceps  cruris— 

t.  Tihi-rotulien,  Triceps  cruris. 

TRIFOLIUM  ACETOSUM,  Oxalis  acetosella 

—  t.  Aquaticum,  Menyanthes  trifoliata  —  t.  Au- 
reum,  Ilepatica  triloba — t.  Cervinum,  Eupatorium 
cannabinum — t,  Fibrinum,  Menyanthes  trifoliata 
— t.  Hepaticum,  Hepatica  triloba. 

Trifo'liumMelilo'tus  Officina'lis,  T.  offic"- 
ina'le  sen  odor  a' turn  seu  cuhalli'num ;  from  tri, 
und  folium,  'a  leaf.'  Melilotus,  Melilo'tvs  cit'ri- 
na,  Lotus  sylves'tris,  Ser'tula  Compa'na,  Coru'va 
re'gia,  Common  mel'ilot,  (F.)  Melilot.  Ord.  Le- 
guminosfe.  &.r.  ;S'J/8^  Diadelpbia  Decandria.  The 
infusion  or  distilled  water  of  this  plant  has  been 
employed  in  cases  of  ophthalmia.  It  has  also 
been  used  in  fomentations,  glysters,  &c. 

Trifoltom  Officinale,  'T.  melilotus  ofiicinalis 

—  t.  Paludosum.  Menyanthes  trifoliata  —  t.  Pa- 
lustre,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TRIGAS'TRIC,  Trigas'tricne,  Triven'fer;  from 
/)•/,  and  yaarrip,  'belly,'  That  which  has  three 
bellies.    An  epithet  for  muscles  so  circumstanced. 

TRIGEM'INI,  Tergem'ini,  from  tri,  and  gem'- 
invs,  'double;'  'threefold,'  'triplets.'  Ihe  ffth 
pair  of  nerves,  Nervi  divt'si  seu  guatato'rii,  Ner- 
vus  quill f  us  seu  tremellus  seu  mixtus  seu  eympathet'- 
icus  me'dius  seu  symjoath'icus  medius  seu  anon'ymvs 
sei\innomina'tu8,Partrigem'innm  seu  quintiim  ner- 
vorum cerehra'lium  seu  trium  fnnieulo'riim,  Tri- 
fa'cial,  (F.)  Nerf  gustatif  innomine,  Nerf  d  trois 
cordea,  Nerf  trijumeau.  This  nerve  arises  below 
the  tuber  annulare  by  one  large  posterior  root  from 
the  corpora  restiformia,  and  by  two  small  ante- 
rior roots  from  the  corpora  olivaria,  whence,  pre- 


TRIGONE   CEREBRAL 


930 


TRISPLANCHNIC 


ceeding  forwards  to  the  side  of  the  sella  Turcica, 
the  filaments  composing  the  large  root  form  a 
ganglion  —  the  Gasserian.  Emerging  from  this 
ganglion,  the  filaments,  of  which  the  large  root 
consists,  form,  with  those  constituting  the  small 
roots,  and  which  had  not  passed  through  the 
ganglion,  two  flattened  trunks,  each  of  which  is 
soon  divided  into  three  branches,  in  such  a  man- 
ner, however,  that  i\i& first,  or  ophthalmic  branch, 
and  the  second  or  upper  maxillary,  are  composed 
exclusively  of  the  filaments  that  arose  from  the 
corpora  restiformia  and  passed  througli  the  Gas- 
serian ganglion;  whilst  the  third  or  loioer  maxil- 
lary branch  is  composed  in  part  of  those  fila- 
ments, and  in  part  of  those  that  arose  from  the 
corpora  olivaria,  and  passed  on  one  side  of  the 
ganglion  without  going  through  it.  The  whole, 
therefore,  of  the  first  and  second  branches,  and  a 
part  of  the  third  are  sensiferous  nerves,  whilst 
the  remaining  part  of  the  third  —  the  man'duca- 
tory  or  mas'ticatory — is  wholly  motiferous,  and 
passes  to  the  pterygoid  and  other  muscles  con- 
cerned in  mastication. 

TRIGONE  CEREBRAL,  Fornix— f.  Vesical, 
see  Urinary  Bladder. 

TRIGONEL'LA  FCENUM,  T.  Foe'nvm.  Grce'- 
cum,  diminutive  of  trigona,  three  sided — from  the 
shape  of  its  flower;  Fen'ugreek,  Foe'nugreek,  Foe- 
num  GrcB'cum,  Bu'ceras,  B.  Foenum,  Grae'ciim, 
Carphos,  ^goc"eras,  (F.)  Fenugrcc,  Senigrain. 
Ord.  Leguminosaj.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decan- 
dria.  A  native  of  the  south  of  France.  The 
Beeds  have  a  strong,  disagreeable  smell,  and  an 
unctuous,  farinaceous  taste ;  accompanied  by  a 
slight  bitterness.  They  are  chiefly  used  in  poul- 
tices. 

TRIGONIUM  OLFACTORIUM,  see  Mam- 
millary  eminence. 

TRIGONOS,  Triangular. 

TRIGONUS  VESICA,  see  Urinary  bladder— 
t.  Lieutaudi,  see  Urinary  bladder. 
TRUUMEAUX,  Trigemini. 
TRIL'LIUM  LATIFO'LIUM,  from  trilix, 
'triple,'  —  all  the  parts  being  in  threes.  Broad- 
leaf  Bethroot,  Bethroot,  Rattlesnake  root,  Wake- 
robin,  Coughroot,  Indian  Balm,  Ground  Lily, 
Jews'  Harp,  Indian  Shamrock,  Pariswort,  Trne- 
I'ive.  Ord.  Trilliacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Hesandria 
Trigynia.  A  plant  peculiar  to  North  America, 
which  blossoms  in  the  spring.  The  root  is  as- 
tringent. 

There  are  many  species  of  Trillium,  all  of  which 
possess  the  same  properties. 
TRIOCEPHALIA,  Aprosopia. 
TRIOR'CHIS,  from  tri,  and  op^i;,  <  a.  testicle.' 
One  who  has  three  testicles. 

TRIOSTEOSPERMUM,  Triosteum. 
TRIOS'TEUM,  T.  Perfolia'twn  seu  majns,  from 
tri,  and  octcov,  'a  bone,'  in  allusion  to  the  three 
bony  nuts;  Triosteosper'mvm,  Bastard  Ipecacu- 
an'ha,  Fever  Root,  Fevcrwort,  Tinker's  weed, 
Horse  ginseng  or  gentian,  Ipecac,  Wild  Coffee, 
White  ginseng,  Gen'tian,  White  Gentian,  Sioeet 
Bitter.  Indigenous ;  Ord.  Caprifoliaeeae.  In 
very  large  doses,  the  bark  of  the  root  proves 
emetic.  It  is  a  good  cathartic,  in  doses  of  twenty 
or  thirty  grains.  It  sometimes  operates  as  a  diu- 
retic. 

Triosteum  Augustifolium,  T.  minus,  has 
similar  virtues. 

TRIPE  DE  ROCHE.  Different  lichens  of  the 
species  Gyrophora,  inhabiting  the  Arctic  regions 
of  America,  bear  this  name.  They  are  eaten  as 
food  by  the  hunters. 

TRIPHAR'MACUM,  r^i0ap/<n«ov.  From  tri, 
and  (papiiaKov, '  a  medicine.'  A  medicine  composed 
of  thre-  ingredients. 

TRIPLET,  from  triplex,  'triple.'    One  of  three 


children  born  at  the  same  accouchement  or  ges- 
tation. Also,  relating  to  triplets  —  as  a 'triplet 
conception.' 

Triplet  Monsters,  Monstra  trip'lica  seu  tri- 
gem'ina,  are  such  as  have  parts  of  the  body  tripled. 
They  are  rare. 

TRIPOD,  VITAL,  (F.)  Trepied  vital.  The 
heart,  lungs,  and  brain  have  been  so  called,  as 
their  united  action  is  necessary  for  the  mainten- 
ance of  life. 

TRIPSIS,  Contusio,  Trituration. 

TRIPUDIATIO  SPASTICA,  Chorea. 

TRIQUETRA  OSSA,  Wormiana  ossa. 

TRIQUETRUM,  (OS,)  Cuneiform  (bone.) 

TRISIS,  Brygmus. 

TRISMUS,  from  rpi^u, '  I  gnash.'  Enta'sia  seu 
Tonos  J'rismus,  Capis'triun,  Mas'ticatory  spasm 
of  the  face,  Locked  Jaw,  Spasmus  seu  Rigor  seu 
Tet'anus  maxill'm  inferio'ris,  Gnathospas'mus, 
Stomatospas'mus,  (F.)  3Ial  de  JUachoire.  Spastic 
closure  of  the  under  jaw ;  a  partial  tetanus.  Cul- 
len  makes  two  varieties  —  T.  nascen'tium  seu  ne- 
onato'rum,  Nineday  fits,  (F.)  Sarrete,  attacking 
infants  during  two  weeks  from  birth;  and  T.  trau- 
maticus,  originating  from  a  wound. 

Trismus  Capistratus,  BrSdissure — t.  Catarrh- 
alis  maxillaris,  Neuralgia  maxillaris — t.  Clonicus, 
Neuralgia  faciei — t.  Cynicus,  see  Canine  laugh — 
t.  Diastrophe  Sauvagesii,  Paralysis,  Bell's  —  t. 
Dolorificus,  Neuralgia  faciei — t.  Maxillaris,  Neu- 
ralgia faciei — t.  Nascentium,  see  Trismus  —  t. 
Neonatorum,  see  Trismus  —  t.  Sardonicus,  Risus 
sardonicus. 

TRISPERM'UM,  from  tri,  and  anepfta,  'a  grain 
or  seed.'  A  cataplasm,  consisting  of  three  seeds, 
—  cumin,  bay,  and  smullage.     Gorrseus. 

TRISPLANCHNIA,  Cholera. 

TRISPLANCH'NIC,  Trisplanch'nicus,  (F.) 
Trisplanehnique ;  from  tri,  and  aT:\a'y)QiQv,  'vis- 
cus.'  That  which  relates  to  three  orders  of 
viscera. 

Trisplanchnic  Nerve,  Nervua  trisplanch'ni- 
cus seu  sympathet'icus  magnus  sen  sympatli'icKS 
seu  ganglion'icus  seu  vaso-moto'rius,  (F.)  Nerf 
sympathiqtie  ou  grand  sympathique,  Great  sympa- 
thet'ic,  Intercos'tal,  Ganglion'ic  orver'tebral  nerve, 
Nerve  of  organ'ic  life;  —  named  by  Bichat  the 
organic  nervous  system,  in  opposition  to  the  other 
nervous  parts,  called  the  animal  nervous  system. 
Gall  terms  it,  the  nervous  system  of  the  automatic 
functions.  It  has  also  been  called  the  gangli- 
onic nervous  system.  It  is  termed  Trisplanchic, 
because  it  distributes  its  branches  to  the  or- 
gans in  the  three  great  splanchnic  cavities  — 
the  head,  chest  and  abdomen.  It  is  com- 
posed of  a  series  of  ganglia,  united  by  inter- 
mediate branches,  and  passing  along  the  side 
of  the  spine  to  the  lowest  part  of  the  trunk; 
communicating,  by  a  branch,  with  each  of  the 
thirty  pairs  of  spinal  nerves  and  several  of  the 
cerebral  nerves;  and  detaching  nerves  from  its 
several  ganglia,  which  accompany  the  arteries, 
and  are  distributed,  particularly,  to  the  organs 
of  involuntary  functions.  At  its  upper  part  it  is 
concealed  in  the  canalis  caroticus  and  cavernous 
sinus,  and  is  joined  there  by  a  branch  of  the  6th 
pair  of  nerves,  and  by  a  twig  from  the  Vidian 
nerve  of  the  6th  pair.  In  passing  down  by  the 
side  of  the  spine,  it  forms  three  ganglia  in  the 
neck: — the  superior,  middle,  (thyroid  ganglion,) 
and  inferior,  [ver'tebral  ganglion);  12  in  the  back 
— the  thoracic;  5  in  the  loins — the  lumbar  ;  and 
three  or  ioxxr  sacral.  When  it  reaches  the  coccyx 
it  unites  with  its  fellow  from  the  opposite  side, 
forming  a  small  ganglion  —  the  coccyge'al,  Gon'- 
glion  impar,  az'ygous  gan'glion.  Meckel  divides 
it  into  two  portions —  1.  The  central  ganglions  or 
central  part,  composed  of  the  numerous  gangli- 
onic plexuses  in  the  abdomen  ;  the  centre  of  which 


TRISPLANCHNITIS 


931 


TROCHISCUS 


is  the  semilunar  and  solar  plexuses.  2.  The  ex- 
ternal ganglions,  Limitrophes  or  external  part, 
which  comprise  the  series  of  ganglions  situate  at 
the  sides  of  the  spine,  from  the  base  of  the  cra- 
nium to  the  sacrum.  The  great  sympathetic 
seems  to  form  a  distinct  nervous  system,  destined 
for  the  organs  of  involuntary  motion;  fur  although 
communicating  with  both  brain  and  spinal  mar- 
row, it  does  not  seem  to  be  immediately  under 
the  influence  of  either.  Its  special  functions  are 
not  yet,  however,  well  understood,  and  are  the 
subject  —  as  they  have  always  been  —  of  much 
interesting  investigation. 

TRISPLANCHNITIS,  Cholera,  (spasmodic.) 
TRISSAGO,  Teuerium  chamsedrys  — t.  Palus- 
tris,  Teuerium  scordium. 

TRISTEMANIA,  Melancholy. 
TRISTERN'AL.    Beclard  has  given  this  name 
to  the  third  bony  portion  of  the  sternum;  —  that 
which  corresponds  to  the  third  intercostal  space. 
TRISTITIA,  Athymia,  Moeror. 
TRIT^OPHYA    AMERICANA,  Fever,  yel- 
low. 

TRIT^OPH'YES,  Tritceoph'ija,  from  rpiraio;, 
'tertian,'  and  (pvoi,  '1  become.'  A  fever,  whose 
type  approaches  the  tertian.  Sauvages  gave  the 
name  TritcBophya  Vratislavien' sis,  to  an  epidemic, 
which  broke  out  in  the  Prussian  army  at  Breslaw, 
in  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 
TRITiEUS,  Tertian  fever. 
TRIT'ICUM  ^STI'VUM,  from  terere,  tritum, 
'to  thrash.'  T.  eerea'le  seu  Cevallos  seu  compac'- 
tum  seu  erina'ceum  seu  Gaertneria'num  seu  Lin- 
noBa'num  seu  pruino'sum,  Summer  wheat;  and 
Tkit'icum  Hybern'um  seu  glaucum  seu  Mu'ti- 
cum  seu  Sic'ulum,  Winter  wheat,  (F.)  Froment. 
Ord.  Gramineee.  Sex.  Si/st.  Triandria  Digynia. 
From  these  plants  our  wheaten  flour  is  obtained, 
by  grinding  the  seeds —  Wheat,  Pyrus,  Frumen'- 
tum  —  and  to  them  we  are  indebted  for  our  bread 
and  pastry.  The  nutritive  properties  of  wheaten 
flour  are  so  well  known  as  not  to  need  comment. 
Bread,  (F.)  Pain,  mixed  with  milk,  constitutes 
the  ordinary  emollient  poultice  ; — and  the  crumbs 
of  bread.  Mica  panis,  are  a  common  excipient 
for  pills  and  boluses. 

Triticum  Artbnse,  T.  repens  —  t.  Gereale,  T, 
aestivum  —  t.  Cevallos,  T.  sestivum  • — •  t.  Com- 
pactum,  T.  aestivum  —  t.  Faginum,  Polygonum 
fagopyrum  —  t.  Gaertnerianum,  T.  asstivum  —  t. 
Glaucum,  T.  hybernum,  and  T.  repens — t.  Hyber- 
num,  see  T.  aestivum — t.  Muticum,  T.  hybernum 
— t.  Linnaeanum,  T.  aestivum  —  t.  Pruinosum,  T. 
aestivum. 

Trit'icum   Repens,   T.  arven'se  seu  glaucum, 
Agrop'yrum  lavis'simum,  Bromus  glaber,  Gramen 
cani'nuni  seu  Dioscor'idis  seu  repens,  Lolia'ceutn 
radi'ce  repen'ie.  Dog-grass,  Couch-grass,  Quickens, 
Twitch-grass,    (Sc.)    Ronnachs,     (F.)    Chiendent. 
The  roots  are  sweet,  and  possess  aperient  pro- 
perties.    They  are  said,  also,  to  be  diuretic. 
Triticum  Siculum,  T.  hybernum. 
TRITIO,  Contritio,  Trituration. 
TRITON  PALUSTRIS,  see  Ectozoa. 
TRITORIUM,  Infundibulum. 
TRITURA,  Contritio. 

TRITURA'TION,  Tritura'tio,  Tritu'ra,  Tritus, 
Tri'tio,  Tripsis,  from  terere,  tritum,  'to  bruise.' 
The  act  of  reducing  a  substance  to  powder. 
TRlT^RATIO^f,  Contritio. 
TRITUS,  Contritio,  Trituration. 
TRIVELIN,  see  Liver. 
TRIVENTER,  Trigastrie. 
TROCAR,  Trochar,  Acus  paracent'iea  seu  pa- 
racentet'ica  seu  triq'uetra  vulga'ris,  Paracenti'- 
cion,  Paracentete' rion.     Corrupted  from  the  (F.) 
Troisquarts  or  Trocart,  'three  quarters;'  so  called 
from  the  triangular  shape  of  the  point — Triq'uet- 
rum.     An  instrument  used  for  evacuating  fluids 


from  cavities,  particularly  in  ascites,  hydrocele, 
&Q.  A  trocar  consists  of  a  perforator  or  stylet 
and  a  canula,  which  is  so  adapted  to  the  per- 
forator, that,  when  the  puncture  is  made,  both 
enter  the  wound  with  facility;  after  which,  the 
stylet  being  withdrawn,  the  canula  remains  in 
the  wound  and  afi"ords  the  fluid  a  ready  passage 
outwards. 

TROCART,  Trocar. 

TROCH,  Trochiscos. 

TROCHAN'TER,  Trohanter,  Rota'tor,  from 
rpo'x^aa,  'I  turn.'  Anatomists  ha"e  given  the 
names  great  and  little  trochanter  to  two  processes 
at  the  proper  extremity  of  the  femur.  The  great 
trochanter,  glutus,  is  the  one  on  the  outside ;  the 
less  is  lower  down  and  more  internally.  Both 
afford  attachment  to  rotator  muscles  of  the  thigh, 
and  hence  their  name.  Chaussier,  by  the  word 
trochanter,  means  the  larger  process;  the  smaller 
he  calls  trochantin. 

TROCHANTER'IAN,  Trochanteria'nus,  Tro- 
Icanter'ian.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the 
great  trochanter.  —  Chaussier. 

TROCHANTIN'IAN,  Trokantin'ian,  Trochan- 
tinia'nus.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the 
trochantin  or  less  trochanter. 

TROCHAR,  Trocar. 

TROCHES  OF  CARBONATE  OF  LIME, 
Troohisci  carbonatis  caleis  —  t.  of  Chalk,  Tro- 
chisci  carbonatis  caleis  —  t.  Escharotic,  Trochisci 
escharotiei — t.  Gum,  Trochisci  gummosi  —  t.  of 
Gum  Arabic,  Trochisci  acacias — t.  of  Ipecacuanha, 
Trochisci  ipecacuanhte — t.  of  Lactucarium,  Tro- 
chisci lactucarii  —  t.  Liquorice,  Trochisci  glycyr- 
rhizre  —  t.  Liquorice,  with  opium,  Trochisci  gly- 
cyrrhizfB  cum  opio  —  t.  of  Magnesia,  Trochisci 
magnesite  —  t.  of  Morphia,  Trochisci  morphias — 
t.  of  Morphia  and  ipecacuanha,  Trochisci  mor- 
phise  et  ipeeacuanhse — t.  Nitre,  Trochisci  nitrati? 
potassse  —  t.  of  Peppermint,  Trochisci  menthae 
piperita — t.  of  Tartaric  acid,  Trochisci  acidi  tar- 

TROCHIA,  Orbit. 

TROCHILIA,  Trochlea. 

TROCHIN,  from  rpoxauv,  'to  turn.'  Chaussier 
has  given  this  name  to  the  smaller  of  the  tubero- 
sities at  the  upper  extremity  of  the  os  humeri ; 
because  it  gives  attachment  to  one  of  the  rotator 
muscles  of  the  arm, — the  subscapularis. 

TROCHIN'IAN,  Trochinia'nus.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  trochin. 

TROCHIS'CUS,  Phthois,  Artis'cus,  Collix,  Go- 
lix,  Phthois'cos,  Rot'ida,  Cyclis'mos,  diminutive 
of  Tpo)(^o;,  *a  wheel.'  A  troch  or  round  table,  (F.) 
Trochisque.  See  Pastil,  and  Tabella.  A  solid 
medicine,  prepared  of  powders,  incorporated  by 
means  of  mucilage,  crumb  of  bread,  juices  of 
plants,  &o.  In  French  nomenclature,  the  tro- 
chisque differs  from  the  tablette, — the  former  con- 
taining no  sugar.  This  form  of  preparation  is 
adapted  for  the  purpose  of  allowing  the  medicines 
of  which  the  troch  is  composed  to  dissolve  slowly 
in  the  mouth,  and  to  pass  gradually  into  the 
stomach. 

The  Parisian  Code.x  has  two  formulae  for  trtoches 
for  external  use. 

Trochisci  Aca'cijE,  Troches  of  Gum  Ar'ahic. 
(Acac.^iv;  Amyli  ^y,  Sacchar.  ^}}.  Make  into 
a  mass  with  rose  water,  and  form  lozenges.- — Ph. 
E.)     To  allay  cough. 

Trochisci  Ac"idi  Tartar'ict,  Troches  of  Tar- 
taric Acid.  (Acid.  Tartar,  ^y,  Sacchar.  ^viiy, 
01.  Limon.  TTLx.  Form  into  troches  with  muci- 
lage.— Ph.  E.)     Refrigerant  and  demulcent. 

Trochisci  Bechici  Nigri,  T.  glyoyrrhizas 
glabra. 

Trochisci  Carbona'tis  Calcis,  T.  e  Cretd,  T. 
Creta  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Troches  of  Car'bonate  of  lime 
or  chalk,  Lozenges  for  the  heartburn,  Tahel'lcB  ad 


TROCHISCI   E   CRETA 


932 


TROPHI 


ardo'rem  ventric'uli  seu  cardial' giccB  sen  ad  so- 
dam.  (C^;•e^  ppt.  giv;  wcac/cB,  in^pulv.  §j  ;  rtuj- 
rist.  in  pulv.  I^j  ;  mcch.  in  pulv.  gvj.  M.  Form 
into  troches  with  water.)    Antacid  and  absorbent. 

Trociiisci  e  Crkta,  T.  carbonatis  calcis — t. 
Cretse,  T.  carbonatis  calcis. 

TnocHisci  seu  Pastil'lt  Emeti'n^e  Pectora'- 
LES,  Pectoral  Lozenges  of  Em'etine.  [Sugar,  ^'iv, 
emetine,  32  grains.  Form  into  lozenges  of  nine 
grains  each.)     One  is  a  dose. 

Troohisci  Escharot'ici,  Escharot'io  Troches. 
(Hydrarg.  oxymur.  p.  8;  amyli,  p.  16;  mucilag. 
g.  trogae.  q.  s.  Make  into  troches,  to  which  a 
few  drops  of  laudanum  may  be  added. — Ph.  P.) 
Used  in  foul  ulcers,  to  remove  excrescences,  &c. 

Trochisci  Escharot'ici  de  Min'io.  (Oxyd. 
plumhi.  rubr.  p.  16  ;  hydrarg.  cxymnr.  p.  32;  mic. 
panis,  p.  128 ;  aq.  roscB,  q.  s.  —  Ph.  P.)  Used 
like  the  last. 

Trochisci  Glycyrrhi'ZjE,  T.  0.  GlalrcB  seu 
Bech'ici  niqri,  Liq'uorice  troches,  Black  pectoral 
lozenges.  [Ext.  glyc.  glahr.,  gum.  acac.  aa  p.  j  ; 
sacch.  purif.  p.  ij.  Dissolve  in  warm  water; 
strain  ;  evaporate,  and  form  into  troches. — Ph.  E.) 
Demulcent.     To  allay  cough. 

Trochisci  Glycyrrhi'z^  cum  O'pio,  T.  G.  et 
opii  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Theha'ici  seu  sedati'vo-bal- 
sam'ici  seu  pectora' les  regis  Dano'rum,  Liquorice 
Troches  tcith  Opium,  Wistar's  Lozenges.  (Opii, 
in  pulv.  5ss;  ext.  glycyrrhiz.  in  i)n\v. ,  sacchar, 
in  pulv.,  acacia,  in  pulv.,  aa  ^x;  ol.  anisi,  f.^j- 
Make  into  troches. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Demulcent  and 
anodyne. 

Spitta's  Lozenges  for  coryza,  hoarseness,  and 
sore-throat,  are  composed  as  follows:  —  [Cuheh. 
recent,  in  pulv.  ^ij  ;  extract,  glycyrrhiz.  ^y,  myr- 
oxyl.  2ij  :  acacice.,  '^\y  ;  syrvp,  q.  s.  Make  into 
troches  of  ten  grains  each. 

Tkochisoi  Guaimo'si,  Oum  Troches.  [G.  acac. 
p.  v;  amyli,  p.  i;  sacch.  pnr.  p.  xij.  Make  up 
the  troches  with  rose-water. —  Ph.  E.)  De- 
mulcent. 

Trochis'ci  Ipecacuan'HjE,  Troches  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha. [Ipecacuanh.  in  pulv.  ^ss;  sacchar.  m 
■pulv.  5xiv;  marantcB,  in  pulv.  §iv;  mucilag. 
tragacunth.  q.  s.     Make  into  troches. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Trochisci  Lactuca'rii,  Troches  of  Lactuca'- 
rittm.  (Prepared  with  Lactucarium  in  the  same 
proportion  and  manner  as  the  opium  lozenges. — 
Ph.  E.)  Each  lozenge  contains  between  the  fifth 
and  sixth  of  a  grain  of  lactucarium. 

Trochisci  Magne'sIjE,  Troches  of  Magne'aia. 
(Ifagnes.  ,^iv;  sacchar.  Ibj  ;  myrist.  pulv.  ^j ; 
mucilag.  tragacanth.  q.  s.  Make  into  troches. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Useful  in  acidity  of  the  stomach,  with 
constipation. 

Trochisci  Mentha  Piperi't^,  Troches  of 
Peppermint.  (01.  menth.  piperit.  f ^j  ;  sacchar. 
in  pulv.  Ibj;  mucilag.  tragacanthce,  q.  s.  Make 
into  troches.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  a  carmina- 
tive. 

Trochisci  Morph'IjE,  Troches  of  STorph'ia. 
(Morph.  BTuriat.'^'y,  Tinct.  Tolut.  ^ss  ;  Sacchar. 
^^xxv.  Make  into  lozenges,  with  mucilage, 
weighing  15  grains  each. — Ph.  E.)  Each  lozenge 
contains  about  one-fortieth  of  a  grain  of  muriate 
of  morphia.     Used  to  allay  cough. 

Trochisci  Morpe'ije  et  Ipecauuan'hjE,  Tro- 
ches of  BTorph'ia  and  Ipecacnan'ha.  (Morph. 
nnir.  Qj  >  Ipecac,  pulv.  ^j  ;  Tinct.  Tnlut.  f.^ss; 
Sacchar.  §xxv.  Make  into  a  mass  with  muci- 
lage, and  form  lozenges,  15  grains  each. — Ph.  E.) 
Each  lozenge  contains  about  one-fortieth  of  a 
grain  of  the  muriate.     Used  to  allay  cough. 

Trochisci  Nitra'tis  Potas's^,  Nitre  Troches. 
(Potasses  nitrat.  p.  j;  sacch.  pur.  p.  iij.  Make 
into  troches  with  mucilage  of  tragacanth.  —  Ph. 
E.)  In  slight  inflammatory  sore-throat  and 
fever. 


Trochisci  Pectorales  Regis  Danorum,  T. 
glyeyrrhizaa  cum  opio  —  t.  Sedativo-balsamica, 
T.  glycyrrhizae  cum  opio. 

Trochis'ci  Sodje  IjICArbona'tis,  Troches  of 
Bicar'honate  of  Soda.  (Soda  bicarb,  ^iv;  sac- 
char. in  pulv.  ft)j  ;  mucilag.  tragacanth.  q.  s.  To 
be  made  into  a  mass,  and  divided  into  troches, 
each  weighing  ten  grains. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Antacid. 

The  Pastilles  de  Vichy,  Pastilles  digestives 
d' Hauterive-  Vichy,  Pastil'li  digesti'vi  Darcet'ii, 
composed  of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  oil  of  pep- 
permint, and  sugar,  are  much  used  in  France, 
like  the  Vichy  waters,  in  cardialgia,  gout,  and 
lithiasis. 

Trochisci  Stibiati,  Tabellse  antimoniales 
Kunckelii  —  t.  Thebaici,  T.  glycyrrhizae  cum 
opio. 

TROCHISQUE,  Trochiseos. 

TROCH'ITER,  from  Ti,oxaeiv,  'to  turn.'  The 
larger  of  the  two  tuberosities  at  the  upper  extre- 
mity of  the  OS  humeri ;  so  called  because  it  affords 
insertion  to  rotator  muscles. —  Chaussier. 

TROCHITER'IAN,  in  the  language  of  Chaus- 
sier, means  any  thing  belonging  or  relating  to 
the  trochiter. 

TROCH'LEA,  Trochil'ia,  (F.)  Trochlee  ou 
Troklee.  A  pulley  ;  from  rpo^attv,  '  to  turn,' — for 
example,  the  articular  surface  at  the  lower  extre- 
mity of  the  OS  humeri;  so  called  from  its  forming 
a  kind  of  pulley  on  which  the  ulna  moves,  in 
flexion  and  extension  of  the  forearm.  Also,  the 
cartilaginous  pulley  over  which  the  tendon  of  the 
trochlearis  muscle  passes,  at  the  upper  and  inner 
part  of  the  orbit. 

Trochlea  Labyrinthi,  Cochlea. 

TROCHLEARIS,  Obliquus  superior  oculi. 

TROOHLEATEUR,  GRAND,  Obliquus  su- 
perior oculi —  t.  Petit,  Obliquus  superior  oculi. 

TROCHLEE,  Trochlea. 

TRO'CHOID,  from  rpuxos,  'a  wheel,'  and  ci6o;, 
'resemblance.'  Trocho'i'des,  Ax'ea  commissu'ra. 
An  articulation,  in  which  one  bone  turns  upon 
another,  like  a  wheel  upon  its  axle;  as  the  Atlo- 
ido-axoid  articulation. 

TROCHOIDES,  Axea  commissura. 

TROENE,  Ligustrum  vulgare. 

TROTSQUARTS,  Trocar. 

TROKANTER,  Trochanter. 

TROKANTERIAN,  Trochanteriafl. 

TROKANTINIAN,  Trochantinian. 

TROKLEE,  Trochlea. 

TROLLIUS  LAXUS,  T.  Ameriea'nus,  Globe 
flower;  0)'(/e»',  Ranunculacese ;  indigenous;  has 
the  same  medical  properties  as  the  Ranunculus. 

TROMOMANIA,  Delirium  tremens. 

TROMOPARANCEA,  Delirium  tremens. 

TROMOS,  see  Paralysis  agitans. 

TROMOSPASMUS,  Tremor. 

TR03IPE,  Tuhsi  —  t.  d'Eustache,  Eustachian 
tube — t.  de  Fallope,  Tuba  Fallopiana — I.  Uterine, 
Tuba  Fallopiana. 

TROMUS,  Tremor. 

TRONC,  Trunk— t.  Brachial,  Brachial  artery 
—  t.  Basilaire,  Basilary  artery. 

TROPJS'OLUM  MAJUS,  Nastur'tivm  Ind'i- 
cum  seu  Peruvia'num,  Acrivi'ola,  Flos  sanguiu'- 
eus  monar'di,  Cardamin' dum  majus,  Car' damnum, 
majus,  Indian.  Cress.  Ord.  Geraniaceae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Octandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Cresson  dee 
Indes,  Cresson  du  Mexique,  Capucine.  An  anti- 
scorbutic. 

TropjE'olum  Tubero'sdm,  Ulluco.  A  tuberous 
plant,  cultivated  in  the  Sierfa,  Peru.  It  is  smaller 
than  the  potato. 

TROPHALIS,  Colostrum. 

TROPHE,  Aliment,  Cibatio,  Pabulum. 

TROPIII.     Same  etymon  as  Trophy.     In  in- 


TROPHICAL 


933 


TUBE 


sects,  the  parts  of  the  mouth  that  are  employed 
in  receiving  and  preparing  the  food. 

TROPH'ICAL,  Troph'iciw,  (P.)  Trophique. 
Same  etymon  as  Trophy.  Relating  to  nourish- 
ment or  nutrition. 

Troph'ical  Nerves.  The  organic  nerves,  or 
nerves  of  the  sympathetic  system,  have  been 
so  termed,  from  the  belief  that  they  are  concerned 
in  nutrition. 

TROPHIMOS,  Nutrition. 

TROPHONEURO'SES,  from  rp,j<p_i,,  'nourish- 
ment,' and  jieiirosis.  Morbid  conditions  of  the 
process  of  nutrition,  ovping  to  modified  nervous 
influence.  —  Romberg. 

TROPHON'OSI,  TropJinnu'si,  from  Tpo(pr,, 
'nourishment,'  and  voaog,  'a  disease.'  Diseases 
of  nutrition. 

TROPH'Y,  Tropli'id,  rpoibri,  a  suffi.x  denoting 
'nourishment  or  nutrition;'  as  in  hy'^&xtropliy , 
'  excess  of  nourishment  or  nutrition.' 

TROPONU'Sr,  Morhi  trop'ici,  from  rporrti,  the 
solstitial  or  tropical  point  where  the  sun  turns  or 
alters  its  course,  and  vovao^,  'a  disease.'  Dis- 
eases that  prevail  in  the  tropics. 

TROSTER,  see  Spirit. 

TROU,  Foramen — t.  Anmiymp,  Foramen  stylo- 
mastoideum — ^  Aveugle  nu  Bargne,  Caecum  fora- 
men— t.  Borgne  of  the  Medulla  oblongata,  Fora- 
men caecum  of  the  medulla  oblongata  —  t.  de 
Botal,  Botal  foramen.  Ovale  foramen — t.  Dechire 
anterieur,  Lacerum  anterius  foi-amen — t.  Dechire 
posierieirr,  Lacerum  posterius  foramen  —  t.  Epi- 
iienx,  Spinale  foramen  —  t.  Mentonnier,  Mental 
foramen — t.  Optiqne,  Foramen  opticum — t.  Or- 
bitaire  siiperienr,  Foramen  supra-orbitarium  —  t. 
Orhitaire  fiiiperieur,  Orbitar  foramen  superior  — 
^  Ovale,  Ovale  foramen  —  t.  Rond,  petit,  Spinale 
foramen  —  t.  Sous-orUitaire,  see  Suborbitar  canal 
— t.  Soiis-piibien,  Obturatorium  foramen — t.  Sphe- 
110-epineux,  Spinale  foramen  ■ — •  t.  Sas-orhitaire, 
Foramen  supra-orbitarium. 

TROUS  OAROTIDIENS,  Carotica  foramina 
—  (.  Condi/luidiens,  Condyloidea  foramina  —  t.  de 
Conjdcjaison,  Conjugationis  foramina,  see  Verte- 
br<e  —  t.  Olfactifs,  Olfactory  foramina  —  t.  Ra- 
cln'dieiis,  Spinal  foramina. 

TROUSSE,  Case  (pocket). 

TROUSSE-GALANT,  Cholera  morbus. 

TROUSSEAU,  Fasciculus. 

TR  0  US  SEA  UX  ARE  [ERE-  jVESENTE- 
RIQUES  (F.).  A  name  given  by  Winslow  to 
the  nervous  plexus  situate  between  the  two  me- 
senteric plexuses,  of  which  it  is  a  dependence, 
and  which  descends  into  the  pelvis  to  concur  in 
the  formation  of- the  hypogastric  plexus. 

TRUBS,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TRUCK,  see  Medicament. 

TRUCULENTUS,  Homicidal. 

TRUDGE  BACKED,  see  Hump. 

TRUELOVE,  Paris,  Trillium  latifolium. 

TRUE F I.:.  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TRUFFLE,  Lycoperdon  tuber  —  t.  Hart's, 
Elaphoravces  uranulatus. 

TRULLA,  Fart. 

TRUMBUS,  Thrombus. 

TRUMPET  CREEPER,  Tecoma  radicans— t. 
Flower,  Tecoma  radicans  —  t.  Weed,  Eupatorium 
purpureum. 

TRUNCUS,  Trunk. 

TRUNK,  Truncus,  (F.)  Tronc.  The  principal 
part  of  the  body,  to  which  the  limbs  are  articu- 
lated. The  trunk  has  been  divided  into  three 
parts  :  —  a  sup>erior,  the  head;  a  middle,  the  tho- 
rax, and  an  inferior,  the  pelvis.  These  three 
regions  contain  the  great  splanchnic  cavities. 
They  are  united  by  a  common  stalk  —  the  verte- 
bral column.     To  the  middle  are  articulated  the 


superior  extremities  j  and,  to  the  inferior,  the 
lower  extremities. 

The  trunk  of  an  artery,  vein,  nerve,  or  lym- 
phatic, is  its  largest  part,  which  has  not  3'et  given 
off  branches.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  parent 
vessel,  after  branches  have  been  sent  oiF. 

TRUSS,  from  (F.)  trousser,  'to  tie  up.'  Bro- 
che'riiim,  Braehie'rium,  Brachi'le,  Brachi'roliim, 
Bracheri'olum,  Amma,  Hamma,  Suhligac'idum, 
Snbiigatu'ra,  (F.)  Brayer.  A  hernial  bandage 
for  keeping  hernia  reduced.  The  ancient  trusses 
were  inelastic.  They  consisted  simply  of  a  pad 
and  strap.  At  the  present  day,  elastic  bandages 
are  alone  employed.  Thej'  possess  the  advantage 
of  making  an  equable  and  continuous  pressure  on 
the  aperture  of  the  sac,  and  of  yielding  to  the 
changes  of  form  in  the  abdominal  parietes.  The 
most  important  part  of  these  bandages  is  a  piece 
of  narrow  steel,  flat,  and  adapted  to  the  shape  of 
the  body.  This  is  the  spring,  (F.)  Ressort.  It 
embraces  the  body  on  the  side  affected;  extends 
from  beyond  the  spine,  and  terminates  opposite 
the  ruptured  part,  by  an  iron  plate  to  which  it  is 
riveted.  The  posterior  surface  of  this  plate  is 
furnished  with  a  convex  pad,  (F.)  Pelofe,  adapted 
in  shape  and  size  to  the  aperture  which  it  has  to 
close.  The  spring  is  covered  with  leather,  and  its 
inner  surface  is  padded  :  a  strap  extends  from  its 
posterior  extremity  ;  passes  round  the  sound  side, 
and  is  attached  to  the  plate  of  the  pad.  This 
strap  is  pierced  with  numerous  holes,  which  allow 
the  patient  to  tighten  or  slacken  it  at  pleasure. 
Trusses  have  been  variously  constructed;  and 
different  patents  obtained  fur  the  modifications. 
They  all  act  upon  the  above  principle.  Some- 
times they  have  a  double  pad. 

TRYGODES,  Feculent. 

TRY P ANON,  Trepan. 

TRYPESIS.  Trepanning. 

TRYPSIS,  Friction. 

TSCHERBET,  Sherbet. 

TSHETTJK,  Upas  tieute. 

TSIANA,  Costus. 

TSJAMPACA,  Michelia  champaca. 

TUBA,  Tuloe— t.  Aristoteliea,  Eustachian  tube 

—  t.  Ca3ca,  Tuba  Fallopiana  —  t.  Uterina,  Tuba 
Fallopiana  —  t.  Vocalis,  Tube,  vocal. 

TUBAL  PREGNANCY,  see  Pregnancy,  tubal 

—  t.  Respiration,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 
TUBE,   Tuba,  Trumpet,  Salpinx,  (F.)    Trompe. 

A  name  given  to  some  parts  which  are  hollow 
and  have  the  shape  of  a  trumpet. 

Tube,  Alimentary,  Canal,  alimentary  —  t. 
Eustachian,  Eustachian  tube. 

Tube,  Fallo'pian,  Tuba  Fallopia'na  seu  Fal- 
lopii  seu  uteri'nn  seu  caca,  Metrosalpinx,  Hys'- 
terosalpiiix,  Oviduc'tus  mulie'bris,  Vas  deferens 
mulie'ris,  Ductus  varico'sus  seu  Proces'sns  latera'- 
lis  seu  Mea'tus  semiua'lis  seu  Ile'atus  semina'rius 
n'teri,  O'viduct,  Vector  canal,  (F.)  Trompe  de 
Eallope  ou  uterine,  is  a  canal,  floating  in  the  ab- 
domen, and  extending  on  each  side  from  the 
superior  angles  of  the  uterus  as  far  as  the  sides 
of  the  brim  of  the  pelvis.  They  are  4  or  5  inches 
long.  Near  the  uterus,  they  are  straight  and 
very  narrow  ;  but,  in  their  course,  they  widen, 
become  tortuous,  and  terminate  by  a  free,  ex- 
panded, and  fim'briated  extremity;  called,  also, 
Folia'eeuni  ornanien'tuni,  Blorsus  diab'oli,  Tnfun- 
dib'idum  seu  Digitatio'nes  seu  Fim'brice  seu  Vex- 
illcB  seu  Lacin'im  tuba'rum  Eallo'jiii,  (F.)  Jfnr- 
ceau  f range.  Pavilion  de  la  trompe,  Morceau  dn 
diable.  Within,  the  tubes  are  hollow  and  lined 
by  a  mucous  membrane  :  the  tissue  exterior  to 
which  is  spongy  and  erectile.  The  use  of  the 
Fallopian  tubes  is  to  conduct  the  sperm  to  the 
ovarium,  and  the  fecundated  ovum  back  to  the 
uterus.  They  establish  a  communication  between 
the  cavity  of  the   peritoneum   and   that  of  the 


TUBER 


934 


TUBERCULIZATION 


uterus,  the  abdominal  termination  being  termed 
Os'tiam  nhdomina'le ;  the  uterine  Os'tium  titer !'- 
num.  When  the  tube  embraces  the  ovary,  a  fun- 
nel-shaped cavity — Oorol'la  infundilnliform'is — 
is  formed  at  its  extremity,  into  which  the  ovule 
passes. 

Tube,  Intestinal,  Canal,  alimentary. 

Tube,  (Esophage'al,  Stomach  Tube.  A  long 
elastic  gum  tube,  capable  of  being  passed  into 
the  oesophagus  or  stomach. 

Tube,  Pollen,  see  Pollen. 

Tube,  Rectal,  Defeca'tion  tube.  An  elastic 
gum  tube,  similar  to  the  last,  which  is  sometimes 
passed  into  the  colon,  to  remove  air  from  that 
intestine,  or  to  enable  enemata  to  be  thrown  up 
into  it. 

Tube,  Stomach,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

Tube,  Vocal,  Tuba  voca'h's.  The  part  of  the 
air  passages  above  the  inferior  ligaments  of  the 
larynx,  including  the  passages  through  the  nose 
and  mouth. 

TUBER,  Hump,  Lycoperdon  tuber.  Tubercle 
— t.  Annulare,  Pons  varolii — t.  Atlo'ido-occijyital, 
Rectus  capitis  posticus  minor — t.  Cervinum,  Ela- 
phomyces  granulatus — t.  Cibarium,  Lj'coperdon 
tuber. 

Tuber  Cine'reus:,  T.  0.  cum  Lifundib' ulo.  A 
grayish  tubercle,  seen  at  the  base  of  the  brain 
behind  the  commissure  of  the  optic  nerves,  which 
is  continuous  with  the  infundibulum. 

Tubek  Corporis  Callosi,  see  Corpus  callosum. 

Tuber  Frontale,  Frontal  protuberance  —  t. 
Gulosorum,  Lycoperdon  tuber  —  t.  Gutturosum, 
Bronchocele  —  t.  hchio-trochanterien,  Quadratus 
feraoris — t.  Ischii,  see  Ischiatic — t.  Nigrum,  Ly- 
coperdon tuber  —  t.  Parietale,  see  Parietal  Bones 
— t.  Pellagra,  PelLagra — t.  Tympani,  Promontory 
of  the  tympanum. 

TUBERA  TERR^,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TU'BERCLE,  Tnber'culum,  Tuber,  Strangal'- 
ion,  Stran'galh,  Tuber'culoiia  dej^os'it,  (vulg.) 
a  Kernel,  a  Knot,  (F.)  Tubercule.  A  tumour 
in  the  substance  of  organs,  from  the  production 
of  new  matter;  —  sensation  null;  growth  slug- 
gish. In  Pathological  Anatomy,  the  term  is 
generally  given  to  a  species  of  degeneration 
which  consists  of  an  opake  matter,  of  a  pale  yel- 
low colour:  this,  in  its  crude  condition,  has  a 
consistence  analogous  to  that  of  concrete  albu- 
men :  it  subsequently  becomes  soft  and  friable, 
and  gradually  acquires  a  consistence  and  appear- 
ance analogous  to  those  of  pus.  Tubercles  may  be 
developed  in  different  parts  of  the  body:  but  they 
are  most  frequently  observed  in  the  lungs  and 
mesentery.  Pulmonary  tubercles,  Pneumophi/'- 
mata,  Tuber'eula  Pidmo'num,  (F.)  Tubercides  pul- 
moitaires,  are  the  cause  of  Tuber'cular  Phthisis. 
Mesenteric  tubercles  are  often  met  with  in  the 
same  affection,  but  particularly  in  Tabes  Jfesen- 
tericn.  Laennec  classes  tubercles  among  the 
accidental  tissues,  which  have  no  resemblance  to 
the  natural  tissues,  and  which  never  exist  except 
in  consequence  of  morbid  action.  Others  con- 
sider them  as  a  scrofulous  degeneration.  Brous- 
sais  conceives  that  they  are  produced  exclusively 
by  inflammation  of  the  white  vessels,  whose  ex- 
istence, however,  is  more  than  questionable. 
When  tubercles  in  any  organ  are  few  in  number, 
they  may  pass  to  the  state  of  permanent  indura- 
tion without  danger  to  the  patient;  but  when 
they  are  very  numerous,  they  usually  cause  se- 
rious mischief.  Dr.  Baron  considers  that  they  are 
produced  by  hydatids.  The  morbid  condition 
which  gives  rise  to  the  development  of  tubercles, 
Tuberculiza'tion,  is  termed  Tuherculo'sis,  Morbus 
tuberculo'sus,  Sirumosis  seu  Phjmato'sis  pubno- 
num,  and  Dyscrn'sia  Tubercido'sa.  Tubercles  are 
seen  of  various  forms, — to  wit,  in  fine  points,  (F.) 
Poussiere    tuberculeuse,  gray  and   yellow  granu- 


lations, miliary  tubercles;  and  gray  and  yellow 
tubercular  masses,  softened,  and  cretaceous. 

Tubercle,  Black,  Melanosis  —  t.  Painful  sub- 
cutaneous, see  Neuroma. 

TUBERCLES  OF  THE  AREOLA,  see  Mam- 
ma. 

Tubercles,  Pearly,  T.  seba'ceous  viil'iary, 
Follic'idar  eleva'tiona.  Small  collections  of  se- 
baceous matter  in  the  sebaceous  glands  or  ducts, 
often  seen  in  the  thin  skin  of  the  lower  eyelids, 
where  they  sometimes  attain  an  inconvenient 
size. 

Tubercles,  Sebaceous  Miliary,  T.  pearly. 

TUBER'CULA  ARAN'TII,  Cor'pora  seu  Cor- 
pus'cula  Araii'tii,  Tubercles  of  Arantius  or  Aranzi. 
Small  eminences  at  the  middle  part  of  the  convex 
edge  of  the  semilunar  valves  of  the  pulmonary 
artery  and  aorta. 

Tubercula  Arthritica,  Calculi,  arthritic — t. 
Cerebri,  Encephalophymata — t.  Gouorrhoica,  Go- 
norrhoea impura — t.  llepatis,  Hepato-strumosie  — 
t.  Intestinorum,  Enterophymata  —  t.  Nervorum 
nodosa,  Ganglions,  nervous  —  t.  Parva  durse  ma- 
tris,  Glandulse  Pacchioui — t.  Peritoneei,  Coelio- 
phymata — t.  Pulmonum,  see  Tubercles  (of  the 
lungs) — t.  Quadrigemina,  Quadrigemina  Tuber- 
cula. 

TUBER'CULAR,  Tuber' culous,  Tuberculo'sus, 
Tuber'culate,  Tuber' culated,  (F.)  Tuberculeux, 
Tubercule.  That  which  relates  to  tubercles,  or 
which  is  formed  by  tubercles. 

Tubercular  or  Tuberculous  Constitution 
or  Diathesis,  Phthisio'sis,  is  the  habit  of  body 
which  predisposes  to  tubercular  phthisis;  as  Tu- 
berculous Cachex'ia,  Tuberculo'sis,  Morbus  tuber- 
culo'sus, Dyscra'sia  tuberculo'sa,  is  the  condition 
of  one  labouring  under  tuberculosis. 

Tubercular  Matter.  A  morbid  jn-oduction, 
contained  in  cysts,  or  loose  in  the  tissue  of  or- 
gans. It  varies,  in  its  consistence,  at  the  differ- 
ent periods  of  the  tubercular  affection  :  being,  at 
first,  compact,  and  j'ellowish ;  at  times,  calca- 
reous; afterwards  pultaceous,  semi-fluid,  and 
curdy.     See  Tubercle. 

Tubercular  Phthisis  is  that  produced  by  the 
development  of  tubercles  in  the  lungs. 

Tubercular  Sorb  Throat,  Pharyngitis,  folli- 
cular. 

TUBERCULATE,  Tubercular. 

Tuberculate  Sarco'jia  of  Ab'ernethy,  Em- 
phy'7na  Sarcoma  tnberculo'sum,  Tumor  tubercu- 
losus.  Tubercles,  firm,  round,  and  clustering; 
pea-sized  or  bean-sized;  yellowish  or  brownish- 
red;  when  large,  disposed  to  ulcerate,  and  pro- 
duce a  painful,  malignant,  and  often  fatal  sore. 
Found  chiefly  in  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the 
neck;  often,  simultaneous!}',  in  other  glands  and 
organs. 

TUBERCULATED,  Tubercular  —  t.  Liver, 
Cirrhosis. 

TUBERCULE,  Tubercle. 

TUBERCULE,  Tubercular. 

TUBERCULES  BLJUMEAUX,  Quadrige- 
mina tubercula — t.  des  Glandes  lymphatiques, 
Scrofula  —  t.  dn  Foie,  Hepatostrumosie  —  t.  des 
Ganglions  Mesenteriques,  Tabes  mesenterica  — 
t.  of  the  Larynx  and  Fauces,  Pharyngitis, 
follicular  —  t.  Miliary,  see  Granulation  —  t. 
Pisiformes,  Mamillary  tubercles — t.  Pulmonaires, 
see  Tubercle  —  t.  Quadrijumeaux,  Quadrigemina 
corpora. 

TURERCULEUX,  Tubercular. 

TUBERCULI'TIS.  A  word  of  hybrid  forma- 
tion ;  from  tiibercu.lum,  'a  tubercle,'  and  itia, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  a  tu- 
bercle or  of  tubercular  masses.  —  Jos.  Frank. 

TUBERCULIZATION,  see  Tubercle. 


TUBERCULOSIS 


935 


TUNAS 


TUBERCULOSIS,  see  Tubercle,  and  Tubercu- 
fyc  Cachexia — t.  Laryngis  et  Tracheae,  Phthisis 
laryngea  —  t.  Pulmonum,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  — 
t.  Tertebrarum,  Vertebral  disease. 

TUBERCULOSUS,  Tubercular. 

TUBERCULOUS,  Tubercular— t.  Deposit,  Tu- 
bercle —  t.  Disease  of  the  Lungs,  Phthisis  pul- 
monalis—  t.  Dust,  Poussiire  tuherculeuse. 

TUBERCULUM,  diminutive  of  tuber,  Tu- 
bercle. 

TuBERCDLUM  Cine'reum,  'Ash  Coloured  tuber- 
cle;' Fusci'ola  cine'rea.  A  mass  of  cineritious 
substance  at  the  top  of  the  calamus  scriptorius, 
which  is  continuous  below  with  the  posterior 
horn  of  cineritious  substance  in  the  cord,  and 
upon  the  sides  with  the  corpus  restiforme. 

TuBERCULUM  Lacrymale,  see  Lachrymal 
puncta  —  t.  Loweri,  Lower,  tubercle  of. 

TUBEROSITAS,  Tuberosity  —  t.  Tympani, 
Promontory  of  the  tympanum. 

TUBEROSITE  BIOIPITALE,  Bicipital  tu- 
bercle —  t.  Suiatique,  see  Ischiatic. 

TUBEROS'ITY,  Tuberos'itas,  (F.)  Tiiberosite, 
from  tuber,  'a,  bump.'  Anatomists  have  given 
this  name  to  an  eminence  or  process,  the  surface 
of  which  is  unequal  and  rough;  and  which  gives 
attachment  to  muscles  or  ligaments. 

TUBES  OF  FERREIN,  see  Uriniferous  Tubes. 

TUBI  MEMBRANACEI,  see  Villous  mem- 
branes. 

TU'BULAR,  Tubula'ris,  Tubulo'ms,  (F.)  Tu- 
buleux,  Tubnlaire.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Relating  to  or  having  the  form  of  a  small  tube. 
An  epithet  applied  to  glands  —  Glan'dulcB  tubu- 
lo'scB,  which,  like  those  of  the  stomach,  have  the 
shape  of  small  tubes. 

Tubular  Blowing  Sound,  see  Murmur,  respi-" 
ratory — t.  Neurine,  see  Neurine — t.  Substance  of 
the  Kidney,  see  Kidney. 

TUBULE,  Tn'bulus;  diminutive  of  Tuba,  'a, 
lube.'     A  small  tube. 

TUBULEUX,  Tubular. 

TUBULI  BELLINI,  Uriniferous  tubes -^t. 
Contorti,  see  Uriniferous  tubes — t.  Durse  matris. 
Sinuses  of  the  dura  mater  —  t.  Ferreinii,  see  Uri- 
niferous tubes  —  t.  Nervei,  Nerve  fibres  —  t.  Pel- 
vis renum,  see  Calix — t.  Recti,  see  Rete  testis  and 
Uriniferous  tubes  —  t.  Seminiferi,  see  Testicle 
— t.  Seminales,  see  Testicle — t.  Uriniferi  Bellini, 
Uriniferous  tuber!. 

TUBULOSUS,  Tubular. 

TUBULUS,  Cannula  — t.  Centralis  Modioli, 
see  Tractus  spiralis  foraminulentus. 

TUBUS  ACUSTICUS,  Ear-trumpet  —  t.  Ali- 
mentarius.  Canal,  alimentary  —  t.  Intestinorum, 
Canal,  alimentary — t.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma — 
t.  Pollinicus,  see  Pollen  —  t.  Vermicularis  casci, 
Appendix  vermiformis  caci. 

TUCKAHO,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TUE-GHIEN,  Colchicum  autumnale. 

TULBAG'HIA  ALLIA'CEA.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Asphodeleas,  the  bulbs  of 
which,  boiled  in  milk,  are  recommended  in  phthi- 
sis and  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Tulbaghia  cepa'cea  and  T.  viola'cea,  serve  the 
same  purpose. 

TULIP,  CAPE,  Homeria  collina  —  t.  Tree, 
Liriodendron. 

TULIPIER,  Liriodendron. 

TULIPIFERA  LIRIODENDRON,  Lirioden- 
dron tulipifera. 

TUMEFACTIO,  Swelling— t.  Mollis,  Puffiness. 

TUMESCENTIA  PITUITOSA,  Leucophleg- 
matia. 

TU3IEUB,  Tumour  —  t.  Anomale,  see  Heema- 
todes  fungus  —  t.  Blanche,  Hydrarthrus  —  t.  Ca- 
verneuse,  see  Hasmatodes  fungus  —  t.  EncepJia- 
lo'ide,  Encephaloid  —  t.  Erectile,  see  Ilsematudes 


fungus — t.  Fongoide,  Encephaloid — t.  Fongueuse; 
Encephaloid  —  t.  Hemorrlwyiale  circoiiserite,  see 
Aneurism  —  t.  Li/mphatique  des  articulations, 
Hydrarthrus  —  t.  Ossivore,  Encephaloid  —  t.  Pul- 
peuse,  Encephaloid  —  t.  Spleuifor/iie,  Encepha- 
loid-— t.  Spongieuse,  Encephaloid- — t.  Variqueusc, 
see  Haematodes  fungus. 

TUMOR,  Swelling,  Tumour— t.  Albus,  Hydrar- 
thrus— t.  Anomalus,  Haematodes  fungus — t.  Arru- 
um,  Obdormitio — t.  Capitis  Sanguineus,  Cepbalas- 
matoma  —  t.  Carneus,  Sarcoma — t.  Cysticus,  En- 
cystis  —  t.  Cysticus  serosus.  Hygroma  —  t.  Dos- 
moides,  Tumour,  fibrous  —  t.  Fibrosus,  Tumour, 
fibrous  —  t.  Ficosus,  Ficus  —  t.  Flatulentus,  Em- 
physema—  t.  Fugax,  see  Fugacious — t.  Fungo- 
sus  articuli.  Spina  ventosa  —  t.  Fungosus  sangui- 
neus, Haematodes  fungus — t.  Gangliformis,  Gan- 
glion, nervous — t.  Genarum,  Meloneus — t.  Genu 
albus,  Genocace — t.  Glandulje  parotidese,  Paroti- 
doncus  —  t.  Laeteus,  Galaetocele  —  t.  Lardeus, 
Steatoma  —  t.  Malarum,  Meloneus  —  t.  Ovarii, 
Oarioneus — t.  Parotidis,  Parotidoncus  —  t.  Pro- 
statEe,  Prostatoncus — t.  Renalis,  Nephroncus — t. 
Sanguineus,  Hsematoma — t.  Squamiformis  carno- 
sus,  Lepidosarcoma  —  t.  Tuberculosus,  Tubercu- 
late  sarcoma  — t.  Tunieatus,  Encystis  —  t.  Uteri, 
Hysteroncus. 

TUMOUR, from  tumeo,  'Iswell;'  Tumor,  Oneos, 
Oncus,  Epar' nia,Eparsis,  Emp}iy'rna,Exerescen'tia 
(Sauvages),  Ecphij'jna,  (So.)  Svmlme,  (F.)  Tumeur. 
A  rising  or  prominence,  of  greater  or  less  size, 
developed  by  a  morbific  cause  in  some  part  of  the 
body.  Cullen  defines  a  tumour  to  be  "  a  partial 
swelling  without  inflammation."  Sauvages  re- 
stricts the  term  to  a  rising  formed  by  the  conges- 
tion of  a  fluid;  and  he  calls  excrescences  those 
which  have  a  fleshy  or  osseous  consistence.  Boyer 
defines  it  "  any  preternatural  eminence  developed 
on  any  part  of  the  body."  Good  uses  it  synony- 
mously with  tubercle.  Beyer's  is  the  best  gene- 
ral definition.  Tumours  differ  greatly  from  each 
other;  according  to  their  seat,  the  organs  inte- 
rested, their  nature,  &c. 

The  French  use  the  term  Tumeur  blaucTie  sy- 
nonymously with  White  Swelling  ; — see  Hydrar- 
thrus. The  term  is,  however,  applied  by  the 
generality  of  surgeons  to  swellings  of  the  greater 
joints,  without  change  of  colour  of  the  skin,  and 
of  a  more  or  less  firm  consistence,  which  are  de- 
pendent upon  disease  of  the  osseous  or  of  the  soft 
parts  about  the  joint. 

Scrofula  is  the  most  common  cause  of  these 
affections. 

Tumour,  Cei.lulo-Fibrous,  Tumour  fibro-cel- 
lular  —  t.  Epithelial,  see  Epithelial. 

Tumour,  Fibro-Cel'lular,  Celhdo-fibrotia  tu- 
mour. A  soft  and  elastic  form  of  fibrous  tumour, 
a  variety  of  the  gelatinous  sarcoma  of  Rokitansky, 
of  which  the  softer  kind  of  polypus  of  the  nose  is 
an  example. 

Tumour,  Erec'tile.  A  tumour  produced  by 
the  development  of  a  soft,  vascular  tissue,  which 
is  susceptible  of  elevation  and  depression.  See 
Erectile. 

Tumour,  Fibro-Plastic,  Sarcoma. 

Tumour,  Fibrous,  Fibrous  growth,  Fibro'ma, 
Fibroid,  Ino'ma,  Tumor  Jibro'sus  seu  desmu'ides, 
Inohylo'ma.  A  tumour  or  growth  formed  of 
fibrous  tissue. 

Tumour,  Laminated  Nacreous  Fatty,  Cho- 
lesteatoma— t.  Milk-like,  Encephaloid — t.  Phan- 
tom, see  Fantom. 

Tdmour,  Var'icose,  Tumor  varico'sus.  A 
circumscribed,  bluish  tumour,  formed  by  the  dila- 
tation and  turgesccnce  of  the  capillary  vessels  of 
a  part. 

Tumour,  Vascular,  see  Hjemorrhois  and 
Nsevus. 

TUNAS,  see  Cactus  opuntia. 


TUNBRIDGE 


93  6 


TURNING 


TUNBRIDGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  acidulous  chalybeate  in  Kent,  England, 
a  few  miles  distant  from  the  villnge  of  Tunbridge, 
and  thirtj'-six  miles  south  of  London,  which  is 
much  frequented.  It  contains  carbonic  acid,  car- 
bonate of  iron,  and  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

TUNDA  OCULI,  Conjunctiva  membrana. 

TUNDU3  CORDIS,  Mucro  cordis. 

TUNIC,  Tu'nica,  Chiton,  a  coat.  An  enve- 
lope. A  name  given  to  different  membranes, 
which  envelop  organs  ;  as  the  tunics  or  coats  of 
the  ej^e,  stomach,  bladder,  &c. 

TUNICA  ACINALIS,  Uvea  — t.  Aciniformis, 
Uvea  —  t.  Acinosa,  Uvea  —  t.  Adnata,  Conjunc- 
tiva— t.  Adventitia,  see  Artery — t.  Agnata,  Con- 
junctiva—  t.  Alba  oculi,  Sclerotic — t.  Albuginea, 
Albuginea,  see  Kidney — t.  Albuginea  oculi.  Scle- 
rotic—  t.  Allantoides,  Allantois  —  t.  Arachnodes, 
Arachnoid  membrane  —  t.  Aranea,  Arachnoid 
membrane — t.  Caduea,  Decidua — t.  Candida  oculi, 
Sclerotic  —  t.  Carnosa,  Panniculus  carnosus  —  t. 
Cellularis,  see  Artery — t.  Conjunctiva,  Conjunc- 
tiva— t.  Costalis,  Pleura — t.  Crassa,  Decidua — t. 
Cry>^tallina,  Arachnoid  membrane  —  t.  Dartos, 
see  Dartos — t.  Dura  oculi.  Sclerotic — t.  Durior  et 
crassa,  Sclerotic — t.  Elastica,  see  Artery — t.  Ely- 
troides.  Vaginalis  tunica  —  t.  Erythroides,  Cre- 
master — t.  Exterior  ovi,  Decidua — -t.  Externa,  see 
Artery — t.  Extiraa  oculi.  Sclerotic — t.  Farcimina- 
lis,  Allantois  —  t.  Fibrosa,  see  FoUiculi  Graafian! 
— t.  Filamentosa,  Decidua — t.  Glabra,  see  Artery. 

Tunica  Graxdlo'sa.  An  investment  of  the 
ovum  exterior  to  the  zona  pellueida,  described  by 
Dr.  Barry,  but  the  existence  of  which,  as  a  struc- 
ture, distinct  and  independent  from  the  membrana 
gr.Tnulosa,  is  denied. 

Tunica  Hortensis,  Dianthus  earyophyllus  — 
t.  Innominata  oculi,  Sclerotic  —  t.  Interna  oculi. 
Retina — t.  Intima,  see  Artery. 

Tunica  Jaco'bi,  Memhra' na  Jaeo'hi,  Jacob's 
coat  or  memhrane.  A  highly  delicate  serous 
membrane,  interposed  between  the  retina  and 
the  choroid  coat,  discovered  b}'  Dr.  Jacob,  of 
Dublin.  Its  structure  is  curious,  being  composed 
of  cylindrical,  transparent,  highly  refractive  staff- 
shaped  bodies,  and  hence  called  Stratum  hacillo'- 
riim  seu  hacilla'tum,  Ba'cillar  layer  of  the  retina, 
which  are  arranged  perpendicularly  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  retina,  their  outer  extremities  being 
imbedded,  to  a  greater  or  less  depth,  in  a  layer 
of  the  pigmentum  nigrum. 

Tunica  Media,  see  Artery  —  t.  Museularis, 
Dartos  —  t.  Nervea  oculi,  Retina  —  t.  Nervorum, 
Neurilemma — t.  Perforata,  Uvea — t.  Pra3tensa 
abdominis,  Peritonaeum  —  t.  Propria,  see  Kid- 
ney —  t.  Reticularis,  Retina  —  t.  Retiformis, 
Retina  —  t.  Rhagoides,  Choro'idea  tunica,  Uvea 
—  t.  Rubicunda  scroti,  Dartos  —  t.  Rubra, 
Dianthus  caryophj^Uus  —  t.  Ruyschiana,  see 
Choroid  —  t.  Subcostalis,  Pleura  —  t.  Thoracis, 
Corset  —  t.  Uvalis,  Uvea  —  t.  Uvea,  Uvea  — 
t.  Uviformis,  Uvea  —  t.  Vaginalis,  see  Vaginal — 
t.  Vaginalis  Linguje,  see  Tongue — -t.  Vaginalis 
Propria,  Vaginal  coat  of  the  Testicle  —  t.  Vagi- 
nalis refiexa.  Vagina!  coat  of  the  Testicle  —  t. 
Vaginalis  testis,  see  Testicle — t.  Vasculosa  oculi. 
Choroid,  see  Eye. 

Tunica  Vasculo'sa  Testis,  Pia  mater  testis. 
An  extremely  delicate  membrane,  consisting  of 
minute  ramifications  of  the  spermatic  vessels 
united  by  areolar  tissue,  which  separates  the 
lobules  of  the  testis  from  each  other.  It  is  situ- 
ate immediately  within  the  tunica  albuginea,  and 
encloses  the  substance  of  the  gland.  It  sends 
processes  inward  that  separate  the  lobules,  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  pia  mater  is  refl.ected  between 
the  convolutions  of  the  brain. 

TuNiSA  ViTREA,  Hyaloid  membrane. 

TUNICULA;  Clitoris. 


TUNIQUE  ALBUGINEE,  Albuginea  —  < 
Comip'ine  de  Bichat,  Endangium. 

TUN'NELLING.  a  term,  sometimes  em- 
ployed for  the  treatment  of  stricture  of  the  urethra, 
by  making  pressure  upon  it  from  within  so  as  to 
promote  its  removal  by  absorption. 

TUXNYFISH,  SALTED,  Omotarichos. 

TUPHLO-ENTERITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis. 

TUPHUS,  Typhus. 

TUPINARIA,  Talpa. 

TURBA  HEMORRHOID ALIS,  see  Hiemor- 
rhois. 

TURBATIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

TUR'BINATED  bones,  Ossa  twhina'ta. 
Bones  shaped  like  a  top;  from  turho,  turhinis  or 
tiirhen,  'atop;'  Ossa  spongio'sa,  0.  ter'tia  max- 
illa siiperio'ris,  Cornua,  Conchm  na'rinm  seu 
ven'eris,  Tiir'hines  nasi  seu  na'rium,  Conchyl'ia, 
Bucci'na,  Lam'incB  sponijio'scB  nasi,  (F.)  Cornets. 
Very  thin,  bony  plates,  rolled  up  in  the  form  of 
horns,  and  situate  in  the  nasal  fossa.  1.  Os  spon- 
gio'suin  supe'rius  or  Cornet  de  3forgagni ;  —  the 
highest.  2.  Os  spongiosum  me'dium,  the  'middle 
cornii  of  French  anatomists, — the  ethmoid' al  cornu 
or  Os  spiongiosum  superius  seu  tnrhinatum,  of 
English  anatomists,  Os  convolu'tum  sujjerius. 
Concha,  C.  na'rium  supierior  seu  Morgagnia'na, 
(F.)  Cornet  moijen.  This  bone  projects  inwards 
and  downwards  into  the  cavity  of  the  nose,  from 
the  ethmoid  cells  at  the  side  of  the  nasal  lamella, 
and  serves  to  enlarge  the  organ  of  smell.  It  is 
convex  towards  the  septum,  and  concave  out- 
wards. 3.  Os  spiongiosnm  seu  turbinatum  in/erius, 
Concha  inferior,  Convolu'tum  inferius  os,  Os  sotis- 
ethmo'idal  (Ch.),  projects  at  the  under  part  of  the 
side  of  the  nose,  is  convex  towards  the  septum, 
and  concave  outwards.  It  is  connected  to  the 
OS  maxillare,  os  palati,  and  os  unguis.  4.  Sphe- 
no'id'al  cornu. 

All  the  turbinated  bones  extend  the  olfactory 
surface. 

TURBINES  NASI  seu  NARIUM,  Turbinated 
bones. 

TVRBITH  BLANC,  Globularia  alypum  — t. 
Mineral,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  —  t.  Montpel- 
lier.  Globularia  alypum — t.  Noir,  see  Hydrargyri 
oxydum  cinereum  —  t.  Plant,  Convolvulus  tur- 
pethum. 

TURBO  CEREBRI,  Pineal  gland. 

TURGENTIA,  Tureescence. 

TURGES'CENCE,  " Turges'cency,  Turgid'ity, 
Tur'gidness,Turgescen'tia,  Turgen'tia,  Orgas'mus, 
from  turgescere,  'to  begin  to  swell,'  turgere,  'to 
swell.'  Superabundance  of  humours  in  a  part. 
The  term  Turgescence  of  Bile  was  formerly  used 
to  denote  the  passage  of  that  fluid  into  the  sto- 
mach, and  its  discharge  by  vomiting.  A  vital 
action  of  turgescence  or  expansibility  —  Turgor 
viia'lis  —  has  been  presumed  to  exist  in  certain 
organs,  as  in  the  capillaries ;  but  the  generaUty 
of  physiologists  do  not  admit  it. 

TURGESCENTIA,  Turgescence. 

Turgescen'tia  Vesic'cl*  Fell'b^,  Asci'tes 
Hep'atO'Ci/s'ticus,  Physco'nia  seu  Cystoce'le  bili- 
o'sa,  Hepatal'gia  Petitia'na,  Hydrocliolecys'tis, 
Hydrops  vesi'coB  fell'ecB,  (F.)  Hydropisie  de  la 
Vesicule  du  Fiel,  Distension  de  la  Vesicule  dn 
Fiel,  Cholicystiectasie.  Distension  of  the  gall- 
bladder by  bile. 

TURGIDITY,  Turgescence. 

TURGIDNESS,  Turgescence. 

TURGOR  VITALIS,  see  Turgescence. 

TURMERIC,  Curcuma  longa,  Sanguinaria 
Canadensis. 

TURN  OF  LIFE,  see  Menses. 

TURNING,  Yersio,  from  (F.)  tourner,  'to  turn.' 
(F.)  Version. 

Versio    FcetOs.     The   operation   of  bringing 


TURNIP 


93  7 


TYMPANITA 


down  the  feet,  or  some  part  of  the  lower  extremity, 
when  the  presentation  of  the  child  is  such  that 
it  cannot  be  delivered  by  the  natural  efforts. 

TURNIP,  Brassica  rapa  —  t.  Dragon,  Arum 
triphyllum  —  t.  Indian,  Arum  triphyllum  —  t. 
Pepper.  Arum  triphyllum. 

TURNS,  Menses. 

TURPENTINE,  Terebinthina  — t.  Bordeaux, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris — t.  Briangon,  see  Pinus  cem- 
bra  —  t.  Ohio,  see  Pistaoia  terebinthus  —  t.  Com- 
mon, see  Pinus  sylvestris — t.  Common,  American, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Cyprus,  see  Pistacia 
terebinthus — t.  Damarra,  see  Pinus  damarra  —  t. 
Dombeya,  see  Dombeya  excelsa  —  t.  Horse,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Strasburg,  see  Pinus  picea. 

TuRPEXTiNE  Tree,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

Turpentine,  Venice,  see  Pinus  larix— -t.  Ve- 
nice, true,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus — t.  White,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris. 

TURPETHUM,  Convolvulus  turpethum  — t. 
Minerale,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  —  t.  Nigrum, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

TURQUETTE,  Herniaria  glabra. 

TURQUOISE.  This  stone  has  been  long  im- 
agined to  change  its  colour,  according  as  the 
wearer  is  at  the  time  in  good  or  bad  health:  — 
a  superstitious  notion. 

TURTLE  BLOOM,  Chelone  glabra— t.  Green, 
Chelonia  mydas  —  t.  Head,  Chelone  glabra. 

TURUNDA,  Tent. 

TURUN'D^  ITAL'ICiE.  Pastes  made  of 
the  finest  and  most  glutinous  wheat  —  known 
under  the  names  of  Macearoui,  Verimeelli  and 
Italian  or  Cagliari  paste. 

TURUNDULA,  Tent. 

TUSCARORA  ACID  SPRING,  see  Canada, 
mineral  waters  of 

TUSSACA  RETICULATA,  Goodyera  puhes- 

TUSSEDO,  Tussis. 

TUSSICULA,  Tussis. 

TUSSIC'ULAR,  Tussicula'n's,  Tussiculo'sus, 
from  diminutive  of  tussis,  'a  cough.'  Relating 
to  a  cous;h,  or  to  a  slight  cough. 

TUSSICULOSUS,  Tussicular. 

TUSSILA'GO,  T.  Far' farm  seu  vulga'ris,  from 
tussis,  'a  cough,'  which  it  relieves;  Be'chium, 
Be'chion,  Cal'ceum  equi'num,  Ohamceleu'ce,  C'ha- 
mcBgei' ran,  Fil'ins  ante  patrem,  Farfarel'la,  Gal- 
liomarehus,  Farfara,  F.  Be'chium,  Un'gula  ca- 
balli'na,  Coltsfoot,  Foal-foot,  (F. )  Pas  d'dne, 
Herhe  de  Saint-Quirin.  Ord.  Compositae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  Superflua.  It  is 
demulcent  and  expectorant,  and  has  been  used 
in  coughs,  and  pulmonary  affections  in  general, 
and  in  some  cutaneous  diseases. 

TussiLAGO  Farfara,  Tussilago  —  t.  Hybrida, 
T.  petasites. 

TossiLAGO  Petasi'tes,  T.  hy'brida  seu  pe- 
tasites hermaphrodi'ta,  Petasites,  P.  major  seu 
ruhens  seu  officina'lis  seu  hi/'bridus  seu  vulga'ris. 
Butterbur,  Pestilent-wort.  The  roots  of  this  plant 
have  been  recommended  as  aperient  and  alexi- 
pharmic.  They  have  a  strong  smell ;  and  a  bit- 
terish, acrid  taste,  of  the  aromatic  kind,  but  not 
agreeable. 

Tussilago  Petasites  Hermaphrodita,  T. 
petasites — -t.  Vulgaris,  Tussilago. 

TUSSIS  —  diminutive,  Tussic'ula;  Begma, 
Bex,  Tusse'do,  Bexis,  Tussis  nervo'sa,  Catar' - 
rhus,  Pueusis  Tussis,  Cough,  Coughiurj,  (Prov.j 
Couf  (Sc.)  Bost,  Hoast,  Hoist,  (F.)  Toitx.  A  vio- 
lent, sonorous,  frequent,  and  short  expiration,  by 
means  of  which  the  air,  in  passing  rapidly 
through  the  bronchia  and  trachea,  carries  along 
■with  it  the  mucus  of  the  parts,  which  forms  the 
sputa.  The  cough  is  said  to  be  dry,  when  unac- 
companied by  expectoration.  It  is  symptomatic 
of  many  diseases.     See  Bronchitis. 


Tussis  Amphemerina,  Pertussis  —  t.  Asinina, 
Pertussis — t.  Bronehica,  Cough,  tubal,  see  Bron- 
chitis— t.  Canina,  Pertussis  —  t.  Catarrhalis  Sim- 
plex, Catarrh  —  t.  Clamosa,  Pertussis  —  t.  Clan- 
gosa.  Pertussis  —  t.  Convulsiva,  Pertussis  —  t. 
Delassans,  Pertussis  —  t.  Ferina,  Pertussis  —  t. 
Pueros  strangulans,  Pertussis  —  t.  Quinta,  Per- 
tussis— t.  Senilis,  Bronchitis  (chronic) — t.  Spas- 
modica,  Pertussis  —  t.  Stomachalis,  Pertussis  — 
t.  SuiFocans,  Pertussis  —  t.  Suflfocativa,  Pertussis 
—  t.  Tufsieulosa,  Pertussis. 

TUSSIVE;  Tussi'vus;  from  tussis,  'cough.' 
Belonging  or  relating  to  cough  : — as  tussive  vibra- 
tion ;  the  vibration  of  the  parietes  of  the  chest, 
caused  by  coughing. 

TUTAM'INA,  pi.  of  Tutamen,  'a.  defence,'  'a 
protection,'  from  tufare,  'to  defend.'  Parts  are 
so  called  which  defend  or  protect  each  other. 

TuTAMiNA  Cer'ebri  are  the  scalp,  pericra- 
nium, bones  of  the  skull,  and  the  meninges. 

TuTAMiNA  Oc'uLi  are  the  eyebrows,  eyelids, 
and  lachrymal  apparatus. 

TUTENAG,  Zincum. 

TUTHIA,  Tutia. 

TU'TIA,  Pom'pholyx,  Cadmi'a,  Alfasn,  Me- 
sera,  Capni'tis,  Tuthia,  Ox'ydum  zinei  iriipu'rum. 
The  oxydof  zinc  that  attaches  itself  to  the  chim- 
neys of  furnaces  in  which  ores  of  zinc  are  smelted. 
It  is  in  the  form  of  gray  incrustations ;  and  is 
sometimes  used  for  making  an  eye-salve.  It  is 
prepared,  for  this  purpose,  by  levigation. 

TUTTERING,  Stuttering. 

TWIGG'S  HAIR  DYE,  see  Hair  dye. 

TAVIN,  Gemellus. 

TWINGE,  see  Pain. 

TWINKLING  OF  THE  EYE,  Nictation. 

TWINLEAF,  COMMON,  Jeflfersonia  Bartoni. 

TWINROOT,  Orchis. 

TWINS,  SIAMESE.  Two  brothers,  Chang 
and  Eng.  connected  by  means  of  a  ligamentous 
band  passing  from  the  epigastrium  of  one  to  that 
of  the  other,  who  were  exhibited  in  various  parts 
of  Europe  and  America,  about  the  year  1830. 
They  have  lived  in  North  Carolina,  are  married, 
and  have  children.     See  Xiphopages. 

TWITCH-GRASS,  Triticum  repens. 

TWITCHING,  Tic. 

TYCH'ICA,  from  tvxv,  'accident.'  Fortuitous 
lesions  or  deformities.  The  7th  class  of  Good's 
Nosology. 

TYLE,  Callosity. 

TYLOMA,  Callosity. 

TYLOPH'ORA  ASTHMAT'ICA,  Asde'pias 
asthmat'ica,  Cyiran'chum  Ijpecaenan'ha  seu  vomi- 
to'rium  seu  viridiflo'rum  seu  tomento'sum,  Ipeca- 
cuanha of  the  Isle  of  France,  (F.)  Ipecacuanha 
blanc  de  Vile  de  France.  Order,  Asclepiadacese. 
A  native  of  various  parts  of  the  East  Indies,  both 
of  the  continent  and  islands.  The  root  is  acrid, 
and  is  used  on  the  coast  of  Coromandel  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  ipecacuanha.  In  large  doses,  it  is 
emetic;  in  smaller,  often  repeated,  it  is  cathartic. 
It  is  recommended,  also,  as  a  diaphoretic,  and 
especiallv  in  humeral  asthma. 

TYLOSIS,  Callosity. 

TYLUS,  Callosity. 

TYMMA,  Wound. 

TYMPAN,  Tympanum. 

TYMPANAL,  Tympanic. 

TYMPANAL,  Cadre  dn  tympan. 

TYMPANIA,  Tvmpanites. 

TYMPANIAS,  Tympanites. 

TYM'PANIC,  Tympan'icus,  Tym'panal,  (F.) 
Tympanique;  same  etj'mon  as  Tympanum.  Re- 
lating to  the  tympanum,  as  'tympanic  canal.' 

Tympanic  Nerve,  see  Petrous  ganglion. 

TYMPANIQUE,  Tympanic. 

TYMPANITA,  Tympanites. 


TYMPANITE 


938 


TYPHOUS 


TYMPANITE,  Tympanites. 
TYMPANI'TES,  Emphyse'ma  seu  Pneumato'- 
sis  Abdom'inis,  Hydrops  Tympanites,  Affee'tio 
tympnnit'ica,  Ectympaiio'sls,  Hydrops  abdominis 
oereus,  Aero' sis,  Aero-enterecfa'sia,  Aerenterec- 
ta'sia,  Enteraereeta'sia,  Physocoe'Ua,  Tympano'- 
sis,  Physe'ma,  Physe'sis,  Hydrops  siccus  et  flatu- 
lentus,  Tympa'nia,  Tympa'nias,  Tympani'ta,  Tym- 
pani'tis,  Empliyse'ma  Tympanites,  E.  Tympanit'- 
icum,  Meteorism'us,  Tym'pany,  Me'teorism,  Wind 
dropsy,  (F. )  Tympanite,  Pnemnutose  peritoneale, 
Ballonnement,  from  TVfiT^avov,  '  a  drum  ;'  so  called 
because  the  abdomen  is  distended  with  wind,  and 
sounds  like  a  drum  when  struck.  A  swelling  of 
the  abdomen,  caused  by  accumulation  of  air  in 
the  intestinal  tube  or  in  the  peritoneum.  Tym- 
panites may  be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic.  The 
former  depends  upon  exhalation  of  air  from  the 
inner  surface  of  the  intestine,  or  from  the  decom- 
position of  substances  contained  in  it;  the  latter 
is  the  result  of  some  organic  affection,  and  often 
depends  upon  obliteration  of  the  digestive  tube, 
which  prevents  the  gas  from  escaping.  Idiopa- 
thic tympanites  may  be  more  readily  cured.  The 
symptomatic  is  usually  fatal.  On  dissection  in 
such  cases,  the  stomach  and  intestines  are  found 
enormously  distended ;  with  strangulation  or 
disorganization  of  some  part  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  intestine.  Carminatives  may  be 
proper  when  tympanites  depends  upon  atony  of 
the  digestive  organs :  but,  in  cases  of  the  symp- 
tomatic kind,  they  cannot  be  productive  of  ad- 
vantage, and  may  do  harm. 

Sometimes  the  air  is  contained  in  the  cavity 
of  the  peritoneum — constituting  Tympnni'tes  ah- 
domina'lis,  Aerop6.ritonie,  of  some: — the  accumu- 
lation in  the  intestines  being  called  Tympani'tes 
inteslina'lis. 

Tympanites,  Uterine,  Physometra. 
TYMPANI'TIS,  Inflammn'tio  tym'pani;  from 
Tviivavov,  'a  drum,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  middle  ear.  Also,  tympanites. 
TYMPANOSIS,  Tympanites. 
TYM'PANUM,  Tvinravov,  '  a  drum.'  The  Druvi 
or  barrel  of  the  ear.  The  names  Cavity  of  the 
Tympanum  or  of  the  Drum,  Cau'itas  seu  Caviim 
Tym'pani,  Antrum  seu  cavitas  antro'sa  Anris, 
(F.)  Tympan,  Gavite  da  tympan,  Caisse  du  tam- 
bour ou  du  Tympan — have  been  given  to  a  cavity 
of  an  irregular  shape,  which  constitutes  the  mid- 
dle ear,  and  has  been  compared  to  a  drum.  It  is 
situate  in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  temporal  bone, 
between  the  meatus  auditorius  externus  and  the 
labyrinth.  This  cavity  is  lined  by  a  mucous 
membrane;  and  communicates,  externally,  by 
means  of  the  Eustachian  tube,  which  is  situate 
between  it  and  the  pharynx.  The  tympanum 
has  six  parietes.  1.  An  external,  which  is  almost 
entirely  formed  of  the  Membrane  of  the  Prum, 
Ifembra'na  tym'pani,  Diaphrag'ma  seu  Mediasti'- 
num  seu  Tegumen'tum  auris,  Ilyrin'ga,  Myrinx, 
(F.)  Membrane  du  tympan  —  a  species  of  thin, 
transparent,  circular  septum  ;  convex  within,  and 
concave  without,  which  closes  the  inner  extremity 
of  the  meatus  auditorius.  2.  An  internal,  on 
which  are  the  Fenes'tra  ova'lis,  Prom'ontory,  and 
Fora'm.en  rotun'dnm.  3.  A  superior.  4.  An  in- 
ferior, on  which  is  the  glenoid  fissure.  6.  A  pos- 
terior, on  which  are  the  opening  of  the  mastoid 
cells,  and  the  pyramid.  6.  An  anterior,  on  which 
are  the  Proces'sus  cochlea  form' is  and  the  inner 
orince  of  the  Eustachian  tube.  The  cavity  of  the 
tympanum  is  crossed  by  a  series  of  four  small 
bones,  articulated  with  each  other  by  diarthrosis, 
moved  by  certain  muscles,  and  representing  a 
kind  of  bent  lever  extending  from  the  membrana 
tympani  to  the  fenestra  ovalis.     They  are  called 


the   Bones   or   Ossicles  of  the  Ear,  and   are   the 
malleus,  incus,  os  orbiculare,  and  stapes. 

For  the  nervous  plexus  of  the  tympanum,  s«e 
Petrosal  Ganglion,  and  Otic  Ganglion, 

Tympanum  Minus,  see  Fenestra  —  t.  Secunda- 
rium,  see  Fenestra. 

TYMPANY,  Tympanites  —  t.  of  the  Womb, 
Physometra. 

TYPE,  Typus,  Periodus  morbi,  from  rvnos,  'a 
stamp,'  itself  from  tutttw,  'I  strike.'  The  type  is 
the  order  in  which  the  symptoms  of  a  disease  ex- 
hibit themselves,  and  succeed  each  other.  It 
may  be  continued,  intermittent,  or  remittent. 

TYPHA  ANGUSTIFOLIA  has  the  same  pro- 
perties as 

Typha  Aromatica,  Acorus  calamus,  and 
Typha  Latifolta,  (n^oj,  'a  marsh,'  [?]  ).  Cat- 
tail Peed  mace.  Bulls-egg,  (P.)  3lassette,  Masse 
ou  Quenouille  d'Eau.  A  plant  common  in 
marshes  and  ponds,  in  this  country  and  Europe. 
Ord.  Typhaceae.  ^S'e.r.  Syst.  Monoecia  triandria. 
Its  roots  have  been  used  in  dysentery  and  blen- 
norhagia.  The  young  shoots,  before  they  reach 
the  surface  of  the  water,  when  boiled,  taste  like 
asparagus. 

The  down,  (F.)  Aigrette,  Poils,  which  accom- 
panies the  flowers,  has  been  applied  to  burns  like 
cotton. 

TYPHICUS,  Typhoid. 
TYPHIQUE,  Typhoid,  Typhus. 
TYPHLITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis. 
TYPHLO-BNTERI'TIS,  Tuphlo-enteritis,  Ty- 
phli'tis,  Tyjihloteri'tis,  Inflamma'tio  Cmci,  Phleg'- 
monous  Tumour  of  the  Ccecum,  (F.)  Inflammation 
du  Ccecum,  Cascite  (Piorry);  from  tuc/jAos,   ccbcus, 
and    enteritis,   '  inflammation    of   the   intestines.' 
Inflammation  of  the  caecum,  occasionally  leading 
to  perforative  ulceration. 

TYPHLOENTERUM,  CEecum. 
TYPHLOPS,  Csecus. 
TYPHLOSIS.  Csecitas. 
TYPHLOTERITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis. 
TYPHLOTERON  MONOCOLON,  Cseeum. 
TYPHLOTERUM,  Csecum. 
TYPHLOTES,  Caioitas. 
TYPHODES,  Typhoid. 

TYPHOEMIE  ENTE PIQUE,  see  Typhus. 
TYPHOH^MIA,  see  Putrefaction. 
TYPHOID,  Typhoides,  Typho'des,  (rvipuSvs, 
'  stupefied,')  Ty'phicus,  Typho'sus,  Lac'tica,  (F.) 
Typhiqne,  Typho'ide,  Typhode.  From  typhus, 
and  Etios,  'resemblance.'  Appertaining  to  or  re- 
sembling typhus  ;  as  Typhoid  Fever.  Also,  ac- 
cording to  some,  Typhous  Fever,  typhus.  Fuchs 
has  employed  the  word  Typho'ide  for  a  family  of 
diseases,  to  distinguish  them  from  Phlogoses  ;  of 
this  family,  Stomacace,  Pharyngocace,  and  Pneu- 
mocace  are  examples. 

Typhoid  Affection,  see  Typhus  —  t.  Fever  of 
India,  Cholera. 

TYPHOMA'NIA,  from  tv(1>_o;,  'stupor,'  and 
fiavia,  '  delirium.'  Delirium  with  stupor,  Subde- 
lir' ium.  The  kind  of  delirium  common  in 
typhus. 

Typhomania,  Coma  vigil.  Insomnia. 
TYPHONIA,  Coma  vigil. 
TYPHOSEPSES,  Typhoseptoses. 
TYPHOSEPTO'SES,  Typhosep'ses,  from  t«0«, 
and  criij.ig,  'putrefaction.'     Typhous  affections. 
TYPHOSUS,  Typhoid. 

TYPHOUS,  Typho'sus,  (F.)  Typhiqne.  Same 
etymon  as  Typhus.  Belonging  or  relating  to 
typhus. 

Typhous  Depos'it.     A  peculiar  substance  of 
new  formation  found  in  the  areolar  membrane, 
between  the  mucous  and  muscular  coats  of  the 
patches  of  Peyer  in  typhoid  fever. 
Typhous  Fbver,  see  Typhoid. 


TYPHUS 


939 


TYRIA 


TYPHUS,  Semipes'th,  Tnplms,  FehHs  Typho'- 
des  seu  asthen'ica  seu  adynam'ica,  Asthenop'yra, 
(F.)  Fievre  adynamique  ou  ataxique  ou  adynami- 
que  ataxique,  Typhus  d'Europe ;  from  TV<pos, 
'stupor.'  A  fever  characterized  by  small,  weak, 
and  unequal,  but  usually  frequent  pulse,  Trith 
great  prostration  of  strength,  and  much  cerebral 
disturbance;  its  duration  being  usually  from  a 
fortnight  to  three  weeks  or  longer.  It  is  con- 
tinued fever,  accompanied  with  great  cerebral 
irritation  and  prostration.  (See  Fever.)  By  most 
writers,  this  disease  has  been  divided  into  two 
varieties — the  Typhus  mitioi-  and  Typhus  c/ravi or. 
Typhus  Mit"iok  seu  simplex  seu  nervo'sus  seu 
comato'sus,  Fe'hris  lenta  nervosa  seu  pu'trida 
nervosa  seu  hec'tica  malig'na  nervosa,  Blechrop' - 
yriis,  Neurop'yra,  Neuropyr'etus,  Nervous  Fever, 
(F.)  Fievre  nerveuse,  is  characterized  by  slight 
shiverings,  heavy,  vertiginous  headach  ;  great  op- 
pression, peculiar  expression  of  anxiety,  nausea, 
sighing,  despondencj',  and  coma  or  quiet  delirium. 
Typhus  Gra'vior  sou  car'cerum  seu  castreii'sis 
seu  anthroj)ophthor' acus  seu  contagio'sus  exanthe- 
mat'icus  seu  nostras  seu  EuropxB'us  seu  connnu'nis 
seu  bel'licus  seu  exanthemat'icus  seu  Hiher' nicus 
seu  petechia'lis,  Fehris  nervo'sa  epidem'ica  seu 
nervosa  exanthemat'ica  seu  malig'na  cum  sopo're 
sen  nervo'sa  petechia'lis  seupestileniia'lis  Fiiro'pcB 
seu  pxtncticula'ris  seu  saprop'yra  seu  car'cerum  et 
nosocomio' rum,  seu  putrida  seu  con'tiitens  pu'trida 
seu  contin'ua  pu'trida  seu  2)Bs'tilens  malig'na  seu 
nau'tica  pestilentia'lis  seu  petechia'lis,  Septop'- 
yra,  Porphyrotyphus,  Pidicidaris  morbus,  Pestjs 
bel'lica,  True  or  Exanthemat'io  or  conta'gious 
typhus,  Nervous  fever  with  exanthem' atous  erup'- 
tion,  Putrid,  Jail,  Hospital  or  Shi})  Fever,  (F.) 
Fievre  des  Camps,  F.  nautique,  F.  d'hopital, 
F.  nosocomiale,  F.  des  Prisons,  F.  lenticxilaire. 
Typhus  contagieux  is  attended  with  rigors  and 
heat,  alternating;  little  or  no  perspiration  ;  pulse, 
tense  and  hard,  usually  quick,  but  fluttering; 
pain  over  the  forehead  and  vertex  ;  a  '  mulberry 
rash,'  appearing  on  the  fifth  to  the  seventh  day 
of  the  disease,  and  lasting  till  the  end  ;  delirium 
succeeded  by  stupor,  signs  of  incipient  putres- 
ceney, — as  true  petechia?,  vibices,  hemorrhages, 
&c.  Typhus,  under  particular  circumstances, 
seems  to  be  communicable  by  contagion  ;  but  if 
proper  attention  be  paid  to  cleanliness  and  venti- 
lation, there  is  not  much  danger  of  communica- 
tion. The  general  principles  of  treatment,  laid 
down  under  the  head  of  Fever,  are  applicable 
here.  All  the  varieties  of  continued  fever  re- 
semble each  other  in  the  cardinal  points,  al- 
though they  may  differ  in  many  of  their  cha- 
racters. Ventilation  and  cleanliness ;  warm  or 
cold  ablution  or  sponging;  keeping  the  bowels 
free  ;  and  attending  to  symptoms  as  they  may 
rise,  with  the  avoiding  of  all  irritation  of  every 
kind,  are  the  main  indications.  When  symptoms 
of  great  prostration  occur,  the  strength  must  be 
supported  by  wine  ;  and  tonics  be  exhibited,  with 
the  mineral  acids.  Of  the  tonics,  the  sulphate 
of  quinia  is  perhaps  as  good  as  any,  whilst  it  is 
free  from  the  objection  which  applies  to  most 
others, — of  being  too  bulky.  In  the  whole  man- 
agement of  this  affection,  however,  the  physician 
has  to  discriminate  carefully  between  oppression 
and  prostration.  The  former  may  require  eva- 
cuants  ;  the  latter  cannot. 

Of  late  years,  it  has  been  maintained  by  many, 
that  there  is  an  essential  difference  between 
typhoid  fever  and  typhus  :  that  the  former  is  an 
abdominal  affection,  and  dependent  upon,  or  con- 
nected with,  an  inflamed  or  ulcerated  condition 
of  the  mucous  follicles  of  the  intestines;  hence 
it  has  received  the  names  Fievre  mesenterique,  F. 
typho'ide,  Ifaladie  ou  Affection  typ>hoide,  F.  entero- 
mesenterique,  Enterite  typho-hemique,  Typhoemie 


enterique,  Entero-mesenterite  typho'ide,  Exanthlme 
■intestiiiale,  Dothinenterie,  Dothinenterite,  <fcc.,  Ileo- 
diclidite,  Enterite folliculeuse,  Gastro-enterite  with 
nervous  affection  of  the  brain.  Follicular  gastro- 
enteritis, F.  enteritis,  Enteri'tis  folliculo'sa,  Ty- 
phus abdomina'lis,  T.intestinu'lis,  1\  Sporad'icus, 
Enterotyphus,  T.  gangliona'ris  abdomina'lis,  Fe- 
bris  intestina'lis  ulcero'sa,  F.  nervo'sa  gas'triea, 
F.  nervo'sa  enter' ica,  F.  enter'ica,  F.  nervo'sa  me- 
senter'ica,  Enterhelio'sis  nervo'sa.  Typhus  enter'- 
{cus,  Ileop'yra,  Ileoty'phus,  Typhoid  affection, 
Enter' ie  fever.  Accompanying  this  form  of  fever 
there  is  generallj'  a  typhoid  eruption,  consisting 
of  rose-red  papulae,  (see  Spots,  red,)  which  appear 
mostly  on  the  abdomen.  They  are  distinct  from 
true  petechias,  as  they  can  be  removed  by  pres- 
sure; and  distinct  also  from  sudamina,  which  are 
perhaps  the  universal  accompaniments  of  sweat- 
ing, and  are  consequently  a  variety  of  miliaria. 
The  common  continued  fever  or  synochus  of 
Great  Britain,  and  of  this  country,  has  been  pre- 
sumed by  some  to  be  this  variety :  but  farther 
observations  are  needed  to  establish  the  distinc- 
tions which  have  been  attempted;  and  there  is 
reason  to  believe,  that  the  abdominal  affection  is 
a  complication,  existing  in  certain  cases  and  epi- 
demics of  adynamic  fever,  and  not  in  others.  The 
Red  Tongue  Fever  of  Kentucky  is  considered  by 
Professor  Bartlett  to  be  typhoid  fever. 

Certain  modern  French  writers  have  considered 
the  Typhus  of  the  European  continent.  Typhus 
of  Europe,  pestilential  fever,  contagious  typhvs, 
Hungary  fever.  Hospital  fever,  camp  fever,  jail  fe- 
ver,lentic%dar  petechial  fever,  (F.)  Peste  d'  Europe, 
&o.,  to  be  identical  with  the  typhoid  affection. 
They  admit  but  one  fever  on  the  European  con- 
tinent—  the  typhoid.  Typhus,  they  maintain  — 
but  by  no  means  establish  the  position  —  to  be 
peculiar  to  England. 

Typhus  Abdominalis,  see  Typhus  —  t.  d'A-me- 
rique,  Fever  yellow  ^ — t.  Antbracicus,  Plague — t. 
Anthropophthoraeus,  Typhus  —  t.  Aphthoideus, 
Aphthce — t.  BcUicus,  Typhus  —  t.  Bengalensis, 
Cholera — t.  Bubonicus,  Plague — t.  Carcerum, 
Typhus  gravior — t.  Castrensis,  Typhus  gravior — 
t.  Cerebral,  Meningitis,  cerebro-spinal  —  t.  Cere- 
brospinal, Meningitis,  cerebro-spinal — t.  Comato- 
sus.  Typhus  mitior  —  t.  Communis,  Tj'phus — t. 
Contagieux,  Typhus  —  t.  Contagious,  Typhus— t. 
Contagiosus  exanthematieus.  Typhus  —  t.  d' Eu- 
rope, Typhus — t.  of  Europe,  see  Typhus- — t.  Ex- 
anthematieus, Typhus  —  t.  Ganglionaris  abdomi- 
nalis, see  Typhus  —  t.  Gravissimus,  Plague  —  t. 
Hibernicus,  T.  gravior — t.  Icterodes,  Fever,  yel- 
low— t.  Jaune,  Fever,  yellow — t.  Intestinalis,  see 
Typhus — t.  Miasmatique  ataxique  putricie  jaune. 
Fever,  yellow — t.  Morbillosus,  Rubeola — t.  Ner- 
vosus.  Typhus  mitior  —  t.  Nostras,  Typhus  —  t. 
d'Orient,  Plague  —  t.  Pestilentialis,  Plague  —  t. 
Pestis,  Plague  —  t.  Petechialis,  Typhus  gravior 
—  t.  Puerperal,  see  Peritonitis  —  t.  Searlatinus, 
Scarlatina — t.  Simplex,  Typhus  mitior — t.  Spora- 
dicus,  see  Typhus — t.  Tropicus,  Fever,  yellow — 
t.  True,  Typhus  —  t.  Vesicularis,  Pemphigus. 

TYP'IC,    Tyji'ical,    Typ'icus,     (F.)     Typique. 
Same  etymon  as  Type.     Characterized  by  peri- 
odicity,—  as  a  '  typiical  fever;'  or  one  which  ob- 
serves a  particular  type. 
TYPOSES,  see  Periodicity. 
TYPUS,  Type. 

TYRANNUS,  see  Critical  days. 
TYRBASIA,  Agitation. 
TYRBE,  Agitation. 

TYREM'ESIS,  Tyrotem'esis,  from  rvpos, 
'cheese,'  and  tjxean,  'vomiting;'  Tyro' sis,  Ty- 
reu'sis.  Vomiting  of  eurdy  matter,  in  infants 
especially. 

TYREUSIS,  Tyremesis,  Tyrosis, 
TYRIA,  Porrigo  deealvans. 


TYRIASIS 


940 


ULNA 


TYRIASIS,  Elephantiasis  Arabica. 
TYRINE,  Casein. 
TYRODES,  Cheesy. 
TYROMA,  Porrigo  decalvans. 


TYROS,  Cheese. 

TYROSIS,  Tyremesis.     Also,  the  curdling  3f 
milk  in  the  stomach;    Tyreu'sis. 
TYROTEMESIS,  Tyremesis. 


u. 


UBERIS  APEX,  Nipple,  Papilla. 

ULA,  Gingivaj. 

ULATROPH'IA,  from  ov\ov,  'the  gum,'  and 
atrophia,  atrophy.  Shrinking  of  the  gums;  fall- 
ing away  of  the  gums. 

ULCER,  Ulcus,  genitive  Ulceria,  diminutive 
Ulcus' cul am ;  H ulcus, 'eXKoq,  Helcos,Elco' siSjElco' - 
ma,  Helcus,  Helco'ma,  a  Sore,  (Sc.)  Sair,  (Prov.) 
Kile,  (F.)  Ulcere.  A  solution  of  continuity  in 
the  soft  parts,  of  longer  or  shorter  standing,  and 
kept  up  by  some  local  disease  or  constitutional 
cause.  Richerand  makes  four  great  distinctions 
between  a  wound  and  an  ulcer.  1.  A  wound  arises 
from  the  action  of  an  extraneous  body  :  —  the 
cause  of  an  ulcer  is  inherent  in  the  economy. 
2.  A  Tvound  is  always  idiopathic: — an  ulcer  is 
always  symptomatic.  3.  A  wound  has  essentially 
a  tendency  to  heal,  because  the  action  of  its  cause 
has  been  momentary: — an  ulcer,  on  the  contrary, 
has  a  tendency  to  enlarge,  because  its  cause  per- 
sists. 4.  The  treatment  of  a  wound  is  purely 
surgical ;  that  of  an  ulcer  is  medical  as  well.  The 
immediate  cause  of  an  ulcer  is  perverted  nutri- 
tion; the  formative  cells  losing  their  plastic  pro- 
perties. Ulcers  have  been  variously  divided,  ac- 
cording to  their  nature;  —  into  simple,  siiiuoue, 
fistulous, fiLugous,  gangrenous,  scorbutic,  sy2ohilitic, 
cancerous,  inveterate,  scrofulous,  phagedenic,  viru- 
lent, eaeoethic,  sordid,  carious,  varicose,  &c.  The 
treatment  consists  in  removing,  by  appropriate 
means,  the  internal  and  the  local  causes  which 
keep  up  the  ulceration,  and  in  exciting  the  ves- 
sels of  the  part,  where  necessary,  by  appropriate 
bandaging,  <tc. 

Ulcer,  Jacob's,  Lupus — u.  Malignant,  Hospi- 
tal gangrene — u.  Putrid,  Hospital  gangrene  —  u. 
Warty  of  Marjolin,  see  Warty  Tumour  of  Cica- 

ULCERA  INTESTINALIA,  Gastrelcosis— u. 
Laryngis,  Phthisis  laryngea  —  u.  Serpentia  oris, 
Aphthte — u.  Uteri,  see  Mctrophthisis — u.  Ventri- 
culi,  Gastrelcosis  —  u.  Vesicte,  Cystophthisis. 

UL'CERATED,  Ulcem'tus,  Exulcera'tus,  Hcl- 
co'des,  (F.)  Ulcere;  from  ulcus,  ulceris,  'an  ulcer.' 
In  the  state  of  an  ulcer.     Affected  with  ulcers. 

ULCERATIO  INTESTINALIS,  Enterelcosis 
—  u.  Ventriculi,  Gastrelcosis. 

ULCERA'TION,  Ulcera'tio,  Exulceratio,  Pijo- 
gen'ia  corrosi'va.  Same  etymon.  A  superficial 
ulcer.  The  formation  of  an  ulcer  —  Exelco'sis, 
Elco'sis,  and  Helco'sia. 

UL'CERATIVE,  Uleerati'vus,  (F.)  Ulceratif. 
Relating  to  ulceration, — as  an  'idcerative  process.' 

ULCERE,  Ulcer  —  u.du  Larynx,  Phthisis  la- 
ryngea. 

ULCEREUX,  Ulcerous. 

UL'CEROUS,  Ulcero'sus,  ffelco'des,  Relcoides, 
(F.)  Ulcereux.  Same  etymon.  Having  the 
character  of  an  ulcer.     Affected  with  ulcers. 

ULCERS,  EGYPTIAN,  iEgyptia  ulcera. 

ULCUS,  Ulcer  —  u.  Atonicum,  Rupia  —  u.  Ca- 
coethes,  see  Cacoethes  —  u.  Cancrosum,  Cancer, 
Chancre — u.  Dacryodes,  see  Dacryodes — u.  De- 
pascens,  Phagedenic  ulcer  —  u.  Ferinum,  Phage- 


denic ulcer — u.  Fistulosum,  Hypophora — u.  Hy- 
pulum,  see  Hypulus  —  u.  Narium  foetens,  Ozsena 
— u.  Obambulans,  Phagedenic  ulcer  —  u.  Pulmo- 
num.  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  u.  Sinuosum,  Hypo- 
phora— u.  Syriacum,  Cynanche  maligna — u.  Te- 
lephium,  Telephium — u.  Tuberculosum,  Lupus — 
u.  Uteri,  Hysterelcosis,  Leucorrhoea. 

ULCUSCULA  PR^PUTII,  Herpes  prseputii. 

ULCUSCULUM,  Ulcer  — u.  Cancrosum, 
Chancre. 

ULE,  Cicatrix. 

ULETICUS,  Gingivalis. 

ULICUS,  Gingivalis. 

ULI'TIS,  from  ov\os,  'solid,'  (o-ap|  ovXti,  'solid 
flesh:')  hence,  ov\ov,  'the  gum,' and  rtis,  deno- 
ting inflammation.  Ouli'tis,  Injlainma'tio  gin- 
qi'vcs,  Periodonti'tis  gingiva' rum,  (F.)  Gengivite, 
Inflammation  des  gencives,  from  ov\ov,  '  the  gum,' 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  gums. 

Ulitis  Septica,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

ULLUCO,  Tropaeolum  tuberosum. 

ULJ^fAIIlE,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

ULMARIA,  Spirffia  ulmaria  —  u.  Palustris, 
Spirfea  ulmaria. 

ULMUS,  U.  campes'tris  seu  glabra  seu  mon- 
ta'na  seu  nuda  seu  sati'va  seu  scabra,  Ptelea, 
Common  Elm,  (P.)  Orme,  Ormeau,  Orme  pyrami- 
dale  ou  champitre.  Ord.  Ulmaceee.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  The  inner,  rough  bark  — 
Ulmus,  (Ph.  L.) — of  this  tree  is  inodorous;  and 
has  a  bitter,  austere,  and  mucilaginous  taste.  It 
is  considered  tonic,  alterative,  and  diuretic;  and 
has  been  used,  chiefly,  in  lepra  and  other  cuta- 
neous affections. 

Ulmus  Ala'ta,  Lynn  Wahoo.  The  bark  of 
the  root  has  been  used  successfully  as  a  cata- 
plasm in  phlegmonous  inflammation. 

Ulmus  America'na,  U.fidva  seu  rubra , Ro\igh- 
leaved.  Red,  or  Slippery  Elm.  The  inner  bark  — 
Ulmus,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  highly  mucilaginous,  and 
is  used  in  coughs,  diarrhoeas,  and  dysenteries; 
also,  as  a  poultice  for  tumours,  lacerated  and  con- 
tused wounds,  &o. 

Ulmus  Campestris,  Ulmus — u.  Fulva,  U. 
Americana,  U.  rubra — u.  Glabra,  Ulmus  —  u. 
Montana,  Ulmus  —  u.  Nuda,  Ulmus  —  u.  Sativa, 
Ulmus — u.  Scabra,  Ulmus. 

ULNA,  O'lene,  Foc''ile  inferius  seu  majns, 
Canna  Bra'chii,  Oi  cu'bili  inferius,  Os  procnhi- 
ta'le,  Cu'bitus,  A  ■un'do  bra'chii  major,  Cubit. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  bone  of 
the  forearm  which  forms  the  prominence  of  the 
elbow,  during  the  flexion  of  that  joint.  It  is  the 
longer  and  larger  of  the  two  bones,  and  is  in- 
serted at  the  inner  side.  Its  upper  and  larger 
extremity  has,  behind,  a  considerable  process, 
called  olecranon;  and,  before,  a  smaller  one, 
called  eoronoid.  These  two  eminences  are  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  the  greater  sigmoid  or 
semilunar  fossa  or  olec'ranoid  cavity,  which  re- 
ceives the  articular  trochlea  of  the  humerus. 
The  tubercle  of  the  ulna  is  a  small,  rough  spot, 
;  under  the  root  of  the  eoronoid  process,  for  the 


ULNAD 


941 


UNDOSUS 


insertion  of  the  BracJu'alis  infemus.  On  the  out- 
side of  this  extremity  of  the  bone  is  the  lesser 
sigmoid  cavity.  It  is  articulated  with  the  head 
of  the  radius.  The  inferior  extremity  of  the 
cubitus,  which  is  much  smaller  than  the  superior, 
and  articulated  with  the  radius,  has  a  surface 
that  corresponds  to  the  fibro-cartilage  which 
separates  it  from  the  os  cuneiforme ;  and  a  pointed 
process,  called  styloid.  The  body  of  the  ulna  is 
manifestly  triangular.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
OS  humeri  and  radius,  and,  mediately,  with  the 
OS  cuneiforme.  It  is  developed  by  three  points 
of  ossification. 

Also,  the  elbow. 

ULNAD,  see  Ulnar  aspect. 

ULNAR,  Cubital. 

Ulnar  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  ulna  is  situated. — Barclay.  Ulnad 
is  used  adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to  signify 
'  towards  the  ulnar  aspect.' 

ULNARIS,  Cubital — u.  Externus,  see  Cubital 
muscles — u.  Gracilis,  Palmaris  kjngus — u.  Inter- 
nus,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

ULOCACE,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Stomacace. 

ULON'CUS,  from  ovXov,  'the  gum,'  and  oyxos, 
'tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  gums  ;  epulis. 

ULORRHAG"IA,  Oulon-hag"ia,  Slomator- 
rhag"ia,  Hmmorrhag" ia  giiigiva'i-iim,  Vlorrhce'a, 
from  ovXvv,  'the  gum,'  and  pnyvv/jii,  'I  break 
forth.'     Bleeding  from  the  gums. 

ULORRHCEA,  Ulorrhagia. 

ULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

U  L  '  T I  xM  I  -  S  T  E  R  N  A  L.  Professor  Eeclard 
gave  this  appellation  to  the  sixth  or  last  bony 
portion  of  the  sternum.  He  calls  it  also  Ensi- 
sternal. 

UL'TIMUM  MO'RIENS,  'last  dying.'  A 
term  given  to  the  part  of  the  economy  which  dies 
last. 

ULVA  CRISPA,  Fucus  crispus. 

Ulta  Latis'simA,  Broad  Green  Laver,  Green 
Sloke,  Oyster  green ;  Order,  Algse ;  is  used  at 
table  cooked  in  the  same  way  as  the  next,  to 
■which  it  is  greatly  inferior. 

Ulva  Umbilica'lis,  Por'f'hyra  lacinin'ta  seu 
nmbilica'lis,  Lacin'iated  Purple  Laver,  abundant 
on  the  shores  of  Great  Britain,  is  pickled  with 
salt  and  sold  in  London  as  Laver.  It  is  eaten  at 
table,  stewed  with  pepper,  butter  or  oil  and 
lemon-juice  or  vinegar.  It  has  been  suggested, 
also,  as  an  antiscorbutic. 

UMBIL,  YELLOW,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

UMBILIC,  Umbilical,  Umbilicus. 

UMBIL'ICAL.  Um'hilie,  Umbilica'lis,  Umhili- 
en'tus,  (¥.)  Ombilical,  from  rimhilicns,  'the  navel.' 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  navel. 

Umbilical  Arteries,  which  exist  only  in  the 
fcetus,  seem,  as  it  were,  continuations  of  the  pri- 
mitive iliaes.  They  clear  the  umbilical  ring,  and 
proceed  to  the  placenta,  to  which  they  carry  the 
residuum  of  the  blood  sent  to  the  foetus  by  the 
umbilical  vein.  As  soon  as  respiration  is  esta- 
blished, the  blood  ceases  to  pass  by  the  umbilical 
arteries,  which  become  obliterated,  as  well  as  the 
vein,  and  are  transformed  into  two  very  strong 
ligamentous  cords, —  the  vein  forming  the  Liga- 
nien'tum  rotun'dum  of  the  liver. 

Umbilical  Cord,  Funiculus  umbiliealis. 

Umbilical  Regio.n,  JRe'gin  nmbilica'lis  seu 
gas'trica  seu  Ilesogastrica,  3fesogas'trium,  (F.) 
Region  ombilicale,  is  the  middle  region  of  the  ab- 
domen, in  which  the  umbilicus  is  placed.  The 
sides  of  this  are  called  the  flanks  or  lumbar  re- 
gions. In  the  umbilical  region  are  the  omentum 
majus ;  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  duodenum; 
the  jejunum  ;  and  the  greater  part  of  the  mesen- 
tery; the  aorta;  vena  cava;  the  trunks  of  the 
renal  arteries  and  veins;  the  origin  of  the  sper- 
matic arteries,  &e. 


Umbilical  Ring,  An'nnlus  umbilica'lis,  (F.) 
Anneaii  ombilical,  is  a  fibrous  ring  which  sur- 
rounds the  aperture  of  the  umbilicus,  and  through 
which  umbilical  hernia  occurs  in  children. 

Umbilical  Vesicle,  Vesicula  umbiliealis. 

Umbilical  Vessels,  (F.)  Vaisseaux  ombili- 
caux,  include  the  two  arteries,  and  umbilical 
vein.  The  umbilical  vein  arises  from  the  pla- 
centa, and  terminates  at  the  fissure  on  the  infe- 
rior surface  of  the  liver  of  the  fcetus,  to  which  it 
conveys  the  blood  necessary  for  its  nutrition. 

UMBILICALIS,  Umbilical. 

UMBILICATUS,  Umbilical. 

UMBILI'CUS,  Umbili'cum,  Umbo,  Om'phaloa, 
Radix  seu  Me'diiim  ventris,  3Iesompha'li ii})i,  Me- 
som'phalum,  Profme'sis  (navel  of  a  new-born 
child;)  the  umbilic,  navel,  (Prov.)  Spoon;  from 
umbo,  'the  button  or  prominence  in  the  midst  of 
a  buckler,'  or  from  vnipaXos,  or  rather  ofKpaXog, 
which  signifies  the  same,  as  well  as  the  navel; 
(F.)  Ombilic,  Nombril.  A  round  cicatrix,  about 
the  median  line  of  the  abdomen.  It  is  in  the 
situation  of  an  aperture,  which,  in  the  fcetus, 
affords  passage  to  the  vessels  of  the  umbilical 
cord. 

Umbilicus  Mari'nus,  Cotyle'don  marina,  An- 
dro'sace,  Acetab'iclnm  marinum,  Andro'sace  3/at- 
thi'oli.  Fungus  petrce'us  marinns.  A  submarine 
production,  found  on  the  rocks  and  the  shells  of 
fishes,  in  the  south  of  France.  It  is  reputed  to 
be  anthelmintic  and  diuretic. 

UMBO,  Elbow,  Umbilicus. 

UMBRELLA  TREE,  Magnolia  tripetala. 

UMS  CHLAG,  see  Compress. 

UNBOWELING,  Exenterismus. 

UNCARIA   GAMBIR,  Nauclea  Gambir. 

UNCAS,  INDIAN,  Veratrum  viride. 

UNCTA,  Ounce. 

UN'CIFORM,  Uncifor'mis,  Uncinn'tvs,  from 
uncus,  '  a  hook,' and /orma,  'shape.'  That  which 
has  the  shape  of  a  hook. 

Unciform  Bone,  Os  unciform'e  seu  Tiama'tum, 
seu  uncina'tnm,  (F.)  Os  erochu.  The  fourth  bone 
of  the  second  row  of  the  carpus.  Its  shape  is 
very  irregular.  Inwards  and  forwards,  it  has  a 
considerable  eminence,  which  is  curved  upon 
itself,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  annular  liga- 
ment of  the  carpus.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
OS  semilunare,  os  magnum,  os  cuneiforme,  and 
the  fourth  and  fifth  metacarpal  bones.  It  is  de- 
veloped from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

Unciforji  Eminence,  Hippocampus  minor. 

Unciform  Process,  Proces'sus  uncina'tus  seu 
Blumenbach'ii,  Great  Process  of  the  Ethmoid. 
The  most  considerable  of  the  thin  irregularly 
twisted  laminae  on  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
ethmoid  bone,  which  narrow  the  opening  of  the 
maxillary  sinuses. 

UNCINATUS,  Unciform. 

UNCINUS,  Hook. 

UNCTION,  Inunction,  Unguentum,  Unguen- 
tum  hydrargyri. 

UNCUS,  ilook. 

UNDERCLIFF,  ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  ENG- 
LAND, (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  Undercliff  com- 
prehends a  tract  of  country  from  Dunnose  to  St. 
Catherine's  Hill,  on  the  southeast  coast,  about  six 
miles  in  length,  and  from  a  quarter  to  half  a  mile 
in  breadth.  It  is  well  protected  from  the  colder 
winds;  and  the  climate  is  remarkably  equable, 
as  well  as  mild  and  dr}-,  so  that  there  are  not 
many  days  during  the  winter  in  which  the  inva- 
lid cannot  take  exercise  in  the  open  air.  It  is 
an  excellent  climate  for  the  pulmonary  valetu- 
dinarian. 

UNDIM'IA.  A  name  given,  by  Paracelsus, 
to  a  tumour,  filled  with  a  gelatinous  matter,  like 
the  white  of  an  egg. 

UNDOSUS,  Cymatodes. 


UNDULATIO 


942 


UNGUENTUM 


UNDULATIO,  Fluctuation. 

UNEDO,  Arbutus  unedo  —  u.  Papyracea,  Ar- 
butus unedo. 

UN'GEAL,  Ungea'Us,  from  unguis,  'a  nail.' 
Belonging,  or  relating,  to  the  nails  of  the  hands 
or  feet. 

UNGUBAL  MATRIX,  see  Nail. 

UNGUEN,  Unguentum  —  u.  Articulare,  Sy- 
novia. 

UNGUENT,  ARMATORY,  Hoplochrysma. 

UNGUENTARIA,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

UNGUENTA'RIUS,  Myropoe'us,  Myrep'sm, 
Myropo'les,  Myropo'lus,  Pigmenta'rius ;  from  nn- 
gnen'tnm,  'an  ointment.'  One  who  makes  and 
sells  ointments.     A  perfumer. 

UNGUEN'TUM,  Unguen,  Myron,  Unction,  (F.) 
Ongitent,  from  ungere,  unctiim,  'to  anoint.'  Oint- 
ment. Ointments  are  topical  applications,  of  a 
consistence  more  or  less  analogous  to  that  of 
lard.  They  are  used,  chiefly,  as  local  applica- 
tions to  ulcers  and  wounds;  but  are  sometimes 
rubbed  upon  a  part  in  cutaneous  affections;  and, 
especially,  where  it  is  desired  that  the  constitu- 
ents of  the  ointment  should  be  absorbed.  Oint- 
ments are  of  less  consistence  than  cerates,  al- 
though the  terms  are  often  used  indiscriminately. 

Unguen'tum  Ac"idi  Nitro'si,  Ointmeixf  of  Ni- 
trous Acid,  Poma'tinn  seu  Unguen'tum  Ni'tricum 
seu  O.rygena'tum,  (F.)  Pommade  oxygenee,  Graisse 
ooeygenee,  Pommade  d'Alyon.  [Adip.  suilli,  Ibj  ; 
acid,  nitros.  J^vj.  Melt  the  fat,  and  rub  in  the 
acid  gradually,  till  cold.  Ph.  E.)  Stimulant. 
Used  in  itch  and  other  cutaneous  eruptions,  and 
in  foul  ulcers. 

Unguentum  Adipocer.e  Cetoruw,  Ceratum 
cetacei  —  u.  ^gyptiacum,  Linimentum  asruginis 
—  u.  ^gyptium  album,  Crinomyron — u.  ^rugi- 
nis,  U.  subacetatis  cupri — u.  Album,  Unguentum 
cetacei  —  u.  Album  Resolvens,  Linimentum  am- 
monite fortius. 

Unguentum  de  Alth^a,  U.  de  Terehin'thind 
et  cerd  seu  cit'rinum  seu  resi'ncB  pini  sylves'tris 
compos'itnm  seu  resumpti'vum  seu  leniti'viim,  Ce- 
ra'tum  de  Althced,  JEmplaa'trnm  vuicilagino'sum 
seu  emol'liens  seu  cit'rinum  seu  flavum  seu  de 
Althmd,  Unguentum  flavum,  Marsh  mal'loxo  Oint- 
ment, (F.)  Onguent  de  guimauve,  0.  d'althea. 
[Olei  de  mucilaginibus,  1000  p.,  cer(B  flavcp,  250 
p.,  resinm,  terebinthin.,  aa  125  p.  Liquefy;  strain 
and  stir  till  cold.  Ph.  P.)  Common  Olive  Oil 
might  be  substituted  for  the  Oil  of  Mucilages. 

Unguentum  Amygdalinum,  Ceratum  Galeni. 

Unguentum  Antimo'nci,  U.  Antimonia'le,  U. 
A.  Tartariza'ti,  U.  A.  Potassio-tar'trntis,  U.  tar'- 
tari  emet'ici,  Ointment  of  tar'tarized  an'timony, 
Antimo'nial  Ointment,  Tartar  emetic  ointment. 
(Antimon.  et  potass,  tartrat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  ^ij, 
adipis.  2j.  Ph.  U.  S.)  If  a  drachm  of  this  oint- 
ment be  rubbed  upon  any  part,  night  and  morn- 
ing, it  will  excite,  in  a  few  days,  a  painful  pus- 
tular eruption.  Hence,  it  is  employed  as  a  coun- 
ter-irritant. This  preparation  is  also  called  Ung. 
Tar'tari  stihia'ti  seu  emet'ici,  Ung.  e  Tar'taro 
stibia'to,  Adeps  Tartare  stibii  medica'tus,  Ung. 
Tar'tratis  Potass'cB  stibia'ti,  (F.)  Pommade  d'Au- 
tenrieth,  Pommade  slibiee.  This  method  of  em- 
ploying the  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa,  as 
a  revellent,  is,  at  times,  called  stibio-dermie,  (F.J 
La  methode  stibio-dermique. 

Unguentum  Antimonii  Potassio-Tartratis, 
Unguentum  antimonii — u.  Antimonii  tartarizati, 
U.  antimonii  —  u.  Antipernium,  see  Antipernius. 

Unguentum  Aqo^  Ros^,  Ointment  of  Pose 
water.  Cold  Cream.  {Aq.  Rosa,  f^j  ;  ol.  amygdal. 
fgij  ;  cetacei,  ^ss ;  cera  alhcB,  3J.  Melt  together, 
in  a  water-bath,  the  oil,  spermaceti,  and  wax ; 
then  add  the  rose-water,  and  stir  until  it  is  cold. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Cooling  to  irritated  surfaces. 


Unguentum  Armarium,  Hoplochrysma  —  u. 
Arthanit«,  see  Arthanita — u.  Articulare,  Synovia 
— u.  Basilicon  flavum,  Ceratum  resinae — u.  Basi- 
licon  nigrum,  Unguentum  resinee  nigrse — u.  Ba- 
silicum  viride,  Unguentum  subacetatis  cupri. 

Unguentum  Belladon'n^,  Ointment  of  Bel- 
ladonna. (Ext.  belladonncB  ^j  ;  adipis  5J  ;  M. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  An  anodyne  application  to  irritable 
ulcers,  &c. 

Unguentum  Cantharidis,  Unguentum  lyttse. 

Unguen'tum  Cer^  {albce  seu  flavcp),  Ungu- 
entum simplex  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Linimen' turn  simplex, 
Wax  Ointment,  Oil  and  Bees'  Wax,  (F.)  On- 
guent de  cire.  (Cera  Ibj,  adijns  tt>iv  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
or — cercB  §ij,  ol.  oliv.  ^v.)  Emollient.  A  mild 
dressing.  Also,  the  basis  of  most  of  the  com- 
pound ointments. 

Unguentum  Ceratum,  Ceratum  Galeni  —  u. 
Cerussae,  Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi  albi,  Ungu- 
entum plumbi  subcarbonatis  —  u.  Cerussae  ace- 
tatse,  Ceratum  plumbi  superacetatis,  U.  plumbi 
superacetatis — u.  Citrinum,  U.  de  althaea,  U.  hy- 
drargyri  nitratis. 

Unguentum  Ceta'cei,  U.  Sper'matis  Ceti  seu 
album,  Linimen'tum  album,  Spermace'ti  ointment, 
(F.)  Onguent  de  blanc  de  baleine.  (Cetacei  3i^j> 
cer(B  alba  ^\y,  ol.  oliv.  f^iij.  Ph.  L.)  The  or- 
dinary dressing  for  blisters  and  excoriations.  See 
Ceratum  cetacei. 

Unguentum  Coc'culi,  Ointment  of  Coc'cidua 
In'dicus.  (Take  any  quantity  of  Cocculus  Indi- 
eijs;  separate  and  preserve  the  kernels;  beat 
them  well  in  a  mortar,  first  alone,  and  then  with 
a  little  lard;  then  add  lard  till  it  amounts 
altogether  to  five  times  the  weight  of  the  kernels. 
Ph.  E.)  Used  to  destroy  vermin,  and  to  cure 
scabies  and  ringworm  of  the  scalp. 

Unguentum  Coni'i,  Ointment  of  Hemloch. 
(Conii fol.  recent.;  adipis  aa  tbj.  Boil  the  hem- 
lock in  the  lard  till  it  becomes  crisp,  and  express 
through  linen.  Ph.  L.)  Used  to  irritable  tu- 
mours and  ulcers. 

Unguen'tum  Creaso'ti,  Ointment  of  Cre'asote. 
(Creasot.  f ^ss  ;  adipis,  §j.  Add  the  creasote  to 
the  lard  previously  melted  with  a  moderate  heat, 
and  stir  constantly  till  cold.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used 
in  chronic  cutaneous  affections. 

Unguentum  Cupri  Subacetatis,  Unguentum 
subacetatis  cupri — u.  Diapompholygos,  Unguen- 
tum oxidi  zinci  impuri. 

Unguentum  Digbsti'vum  Simplex,  U.  Tere- 
bin'thina  et  ovo'rum  vitel'li.  Simple  digestive  oint- 
ment, (F.)  Onguent  digestif  simple.  (Terebinthin. 
pur.  64  p.  Vitell.  ovor.  No.  2,  vel  32  p.  Mix,  for 
a  long  time,  in  a  glass  mortar,  and  add,  gradually, 
enough  of  the  Oil  of  Hypericum  (Millepiertuis)  to 
make  a  soft  ointment.  Ph.  P.)  Detergent.  It 
may  be  rendered  more  so  by  adding  a  little  of  the 
Acetate  of  copper. 

Unguentum  Elemi,  Balsam  of  Arcaus,  Ungu- 
entum elemi  compositum. 

Unguentum  El'emi  Compos'itum,  Unguentum  e 
gnmmi  elemi  seu  de  terebin'thind  et  adip'ibus  seu 
elemi,  Linimen'tum  Arcm'i,  Ointment  of  Elemi, 
(F.)  Baume  d'Arceus.  (Elemi  tbj,  terebinthinee 
vidgaris  ^x,  sevi  prce.parati  Ibij,  olivcB  olei  f^ij. 
Melt  the  elemi  with  the  suet:  remove  it  from  the 
fire;  and  mix  in  the  turpentine  and  oil.  Strain 
the  mixture  through  a  linen  cloth.  Ph.  L.)  Sti- 
mulant and  digestive.     To  keep  open  issues,  &c. 

Unguentum  Epispas'ticum  de  Daphne  Gni- 
DIO,  Adeps  Cor'tice  daphnes  gnidii  medica'tus, 
(F.)  Pommade  de  Garou.  (Adip.  prapar.  ,320  p., 
cercB,  32  p.,  cort.  daphn.  gnid.  128  p.  Melt  the 
fat  and  wax  ;  and  add  the  bark  softened  in  water. 
Boil  until  the  water  is  evaporni.'l:  then  pass 
through  cloth.  Ph.  P.)  To  ktvp  open  blisters, 
issues,  &c.     See  Unguentum  Mezc'rei. 


UNGUENTUM 


943 


UNGUENTUM 


UNUUENTUiU  Epispasticum  FORTIUS,  Cerate  of 
cantharides — u.  Epispastieuin  mitius,  Unguentum 
lyttae — u.  Epispasticum  viride,  Unguentum  lyttse 
medicatum — u.  Flavum,  Unguentum  de  althaaS, — 
u.  e  Gummi  elemi,  Unguentum  compositum  —  u. 
Hellebori  albi,  Unguentum  veratri. 

Unguentum  Gall^,  Ointment  of  Galla,  (GallcB 
in  pulv.  ^j  ;  adqns,  gvij.  M.  Ph.  U.  S.)  As  an 
astringent  in  piles,  indolent  ulcers,  Ac. 

Unguentum  GalLjE  Compos'itum,  U.  GallcB  et 
O'pii,  Compound  Ointment  of  Galla,  {Gall,  in 
pulv.  subtil,  ^v],  adijns.  ^vj,  opii  pulv.  ^iss.  M. 
Ph.  L.)  Used  in  painful  hemorrhoids,  ^ss  or 
3J,  of  camphor  is  sometimes  added. 

Unguen'tum  Hydrar'gyri,  U.  cceru'leum  sea 
Neapolita'num,  Cera'tum  mercuria'le,  Adeps  Hy- 
drar'gi/ro  medica'tiis,  Jfercurial  Ointment,  Blue 
ointment.  Unction,  (F.)  Ongiient  mercuriel  ou  Na- 
politain. 

The  Strong  3[ercurial  Ointment,  Unguentum Uy- 
drargyri  fortius  of  the  London  Pharmaeopceia, 
U.  Hydrar'gyri  {Ph.  U.  iS".),  is  thus  made — Hy- 
drarg.  tbij,  adipia  ^^xxiij,  sevi  3J-  Rub  till  the 
globules  entirely  disappear. 

The  DKlder  Mercurial  Ointment, —  U.  Hydrar- 
gyri  Mitius,  —  is  made  by  adding,  to  one  pound 
of  the  strong,  two  pounds  of  lard. 

Mercurial  ointment  is  antisyphilitic  and  discu- 
tient.  It  is  rubbed  on  the  inside  of  the  thigh,  in 
venereal  affections ;  especially  in  those  cases  where 
mercury,  given  internally,  runs  off  by  the  bowels. 
The  stronger  ointment  is  used  for  this  purpose. 
The  weaker  is  employed  as  a  dressing,  or  as  an 
application  to  cutaneous  eruptions. 

Unguentum  Htdrargyrt  Ammoniati,  Ungu- 
entum hydrargyri  prsecipitati  albi  —  u.  Hydrar- 
gyri  calcis  albae,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  prsecipi- 
tati albi — u.  Hydrargyri  compositum,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  Hydrargyri  deutoxydi  ni- 
trati,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Unguentum  Hydrar'gyri  Iod'idi,  Ointment 
of  I'odide  of  Mer'cury.  {Hydrarg.  lodid.  ^j, 
cercB  alb.  ^ij,  adipis  ^vj.     Ph.  L.) 

Unguentum  Hydrar'gyri  Iod'idi  Rubri,  Oint- 
ment of  Red  I'odide  of  Mer'cury.  {Hydrarg. 
lodid.  llubr.  ^j,  Ung.  cerm  alha  ,^vij.  Ph.  D.) 
Both  these  ointments  may  be  applied  to  scrofu- 
lous and  indolent  ulcers. 

Unguentum  ex  Hydrapgtro  mitius  dictum 
CINEReuji,  Unguentum  oxydi  hydrargyri  cine- 
reum. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Nitra'tis,  U.  hy- 
drargyri nitrati  seu  aupernitra'tis  hydrargyri  seu 
hydrar'gyri  compos'itum  seu  mercuriale  cit'rinnm 
seu  cit'rinnm  ad  acabiem,  Bal'samum  mercuria'le, 
Adeps  nitra'te  hydrargyri  medica'tna.  Ointment 
of  Nitrate  of  Mer'cury,  Citrine  Ointment,  (F.) 
Onguent  de  nitrate  de  mercure,  0.  citrin  contre  la 
gale.  {Hydrarg.  5j,  acid,  nitric,  f^xiv.  olei  bu- 
bnli  f§ix,  adipis  ^iij.  Dissolve  the  mercury  in 
the  acid  ;  and,  while  hot,  add  the  oil  and  melted 
lard.     Ph.  U.  S. 

A  milder  ointment, —  Ung.  nitratis  Hydrargyri 
mitins, — is  made  with  triple  the  quantity  of  oil 
and  lard.  It  is  stimulant  and  detergent,  and  is 
much  used  as  an  application  to  herpes,  porrigo, 
and  cutaneous  eruptions.  The  weaker  ointment 
is  sometimes  used  in  ophthalmia  tarsi,  &o. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Ni'trico-ox'ydi, 
U.  subnitra'tia  hydrargyri  seu  Oxydi  Hydrargyri 
rubri,  U.  H.  oxidi  rubri  {Ph.  U,  S.),  U,  deutox'- 
ydi  hydrarg,  nitrati  seu  Hydrargyri  rubri  seu  ex 
Hydrargyro  oxyda'to  rubro  seu  mercurii  rubrum 
seu  ophthal'micum  rubrum  seu  subnitra'tis  hy- 
drargyr'ici,  Bal'samum  ophthal'micum  rubrum, 
Ointment  of  Nitric  Oxyd  of  Mercury,  Red  Pre- 
cip'itate  Ointment,  Golden  Ointment,  Singleton's 
Eye  Salve,  {Hydrarg.  oxid.  rubr.  in  pulv.  sub- 
tiiiss.  5J  ;    Ung.  simpl.  §j.     Add  the  oxyd,  re- 


duced to  a  fine  powder,  to  the  melted  ointment. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  escharotic.  Applied 
to  foul  ulcers,  to  inflammation  of  the  tarsi,  &c.  ifcc. 
Belleville's  Cerate,  which  has  been  long  used 
in  eases  of  scalled  head,  and  of  chronic  cutaneous 
diseases  in  general,  is  made  as  follows  : — Plumbl 
acet.  ^j  ;  hydrarg.  oxid.  rubr.  ^ss;  hyd.  chlorid, 
mit.  3ij  ;  cerw  albas  ^iv;  ol.  oliv.  §vj.  Melt  the 
last  two,  and  add  the  others  in  fine  powder. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Oxidi  Rubri,  Un- 
guentum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi  —  u.  ex  Hy- 
drargyro oxydato  rubro,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri  oxydi  rubri,  Ungu- 
entum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Pr^cipita'ti  Albi, 
U.  Hydrar'gyri  ammonia'ti,  {Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  sub- 
muria'tia  hydrargyri  ammonia'ti  seu  ad  scabiem 
Zelleri  seu  mercuria'le  album  seu  mundif'icans 
Zelleri  seu  e  mercu'rio  prcBcipita'to  seu  calcis  hy- 
drargyri albcB,  Ointment  of  ivhite  ]frecipitate. 
{Hyd.  ammon.  ^j,  7ing.  simpl.  ^:5iss.  Melt  the  fat, 
and  add  the  precipitate.)  Detergent.  Used  in 
cutaneous  eruptions,  to  destroy  vermin,  <fcc. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Rubri,  U.  Hydrar- 
gyri nitrieo-o.xydi  —  u.  Hydrargyri  submuriatis 
ammoniati,  U.  Hydrargyri  prsecipitati  albi  —  u. 
Hydrargyrici  subnitratis,  U.  hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri  subnitratis,  U.  hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydi  —  u.  Hydrargyri  supernitratis,  U. 
hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  Infusi  meloes  vesicatorii, 
U.  lyttae  —  u.  Irritans,  U.  lyttae. 

Unguen'tum  Iod'ini,  U.  lodin'ii,  Ointment  of 
Iodine.  {lodin.  ^j  ;  Potass,  iodid.  gr.  iv  ;  Aqum 
tT\^vi ;  Adipis.  5J.  Rub  the  iodine  and  iodide  first 
with  the  water  until  liquefied,  and  then  with  the 
lard  until  mixed.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  a  local 
application  to  goitrous  and  other  swellings. 

Unguentum  Iod'ini  Compos'itum,  U.  lodin'ii 
comp>ositum.,  Compound  Ointment  of  Iodine.  {lodin 
^ss;  Potassii  iodid.  ^j  ;  Alcohol,  f  ^j  ;  adipis  ^ij 
Rub  the  iodine  and  iodide  first  with  the  alcohol 
and  then  with  the  lard  until  they  are  well  mixed. 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Unguentum  Lau'rinum,  O'leum  lau'rinum, 
Adeps  laaro-medica' tus.  Bay  Ointment,  (F.)  0)!- 
guent  ou  Huile  de  laurier.  {Pol.  lauri,  500  p., 
adip.  suillcB,  1000  p.  Bruise  in  a  marble  mortar; 
evaporate  all  humidity  by  boiling ;  and  add  Bay 
berries,  in  powder,  600  p.  Digest  and  pass 
through  linen.  Ph.  P.)  Reputed  to  be  corro- 
borant and  nervine.     It  is  simply  emollient. 

Unguentum  Lenitivum,  U.  de  althasa — u.  Li- 
liaceum,  Crinomyron. 

Unguentum  LytTjE,  Ung.  canthar'idia  sen  vesi- 
cato'riam  senirri'tana  seu  ad  vesica'ta  seu  infu'si 
mel'oea  vesicato'rii  seu  epispas'ticum  mit"ius. 
Blistering  Salve,  Ointment  of  Spanish  Flies,  Oint- 
m  entof  Infusion  of  Spa  n  iah  Flies,  Milder  blis'tering 
Ointment.  {Cantharid.  in  pulv.  ^ij  ;  nquts  deatil- 
lat.  Oss  ;  cerat.  resin.  §viij.  Boil  down  the  water- 
with  the  Spanish  flies  to  one-half,  and  strain; 
then  mix  the  cerate  with  the  strained  liquor,  and 
evaporate  to  the  proper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  stimulant  and  epispastic;  and  is  chiefly 
used  for  keeping  up  the  discharge  from  a  blistered 
surface. 

Unguentum  Lyttje  Medica'tum,  Adeps  can- 
tharid'ibus  medica'tna,  Poma'tum  seu  Unguentum 
epispas'ticum  vir'ide  stim'ulana  ac'ribus.  Green 
blis'tering  Ointment,  (F.)  Pommade  epispastiquo 
verte.  {Pomati  seu  unguenti  cantharid.  64  p., 
unguent.  popuJei  168  p.,  cercB  albce  256  p.,  cupri 
acetat.,  ext.  opii,  aa  24  p.  Melt  the  unguentum 
populeum,  and  wax,  and  add,  as  they  cool,  the 
oxyd  of  copper,  cantharides,  and  opium.  Ph.  P.) 
Use,  same  as  the  last. 

Unguentum  Lyttae  Medica'tum  A'liud, 
Adepa  cantharid' ibua  medica'tus  alius,  Poma'tum 
epispas'ticum  Jlavum  et  mit"iua,   Yelloio  Blister. 


UNGTIENTUM 


944 


UNGUENTUM 


ing  Ointment,  (F.)  Pommade  ejnspasfiqae  jaune.  |J 
{Pnlv.  canthand.  120  p.,  adip.  prmp.  16S0  p.,  jj 
aqucB  250  p.  Melt  the  lard;  mis  the  cantharides, 
and  add  the  water  at  the  same  time  ;  place  the 
whole  on  a  gentle  fire;  stir  continually  for  two 
hours,  and  add  a  little  water  to  replace  that  which 
has  been  evaporated.  Pass  through  linen  and 
strain.  Keep  it  in  a  water-bath,  and  add  pow- 
dered turmeric,  S  p.  Let  it  cool  till  the  super- 
fluous liquid  separates;  pour  off  and  add  yellow 
loax,  250  p.,  Oil  of  Lemon,  8  p.  Ph.  P.)  A  com- 
plex preparation.     Use,  same  as  the  last. 

An  ointment,  not  very  philosophically  com- 
bined, was  used  by  Dr.  Physick,  which  is  known 
by  the  name  of  "Dr.  Physick's  Issue  Ointment." 
It  is  made  by  boiling  half  an  ounce  of  powdered 
cantharides  in  two  ounces  of  rose-icater,  and  eva- 
porating until  one-half  of  the  fluid  is  driven  off, 
having  previously  added  l5  grains  of  tartar  emetic. 
The  decoction  is  to  be  strained,  and  three  ounces 
of  olive  oil,  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  white  wax,  and 
one  ounce  of  sjjermaceti  added  to  it,  and  the  mix- 
ture then  boiled  till  all  the  water  is  evaporated. 

UxGTJENTuii  Melanicum  Cacsticuji,  Causti- 
cum  ^thiopicum. 

Unguentqm  Mercuriale  Albtw,  TJnguentum 
hydrargyri  prseeipitati  albi  —  u.  Mercuriale  citri- 
num,  Unguentuui  hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  e  Mer- 
eurio  praecipitato,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  prse- 
eipitati albi  —  u.  Mercurii  rubrum,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — u.  Mundificans  Zelleri, 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  prajcipitati  albi. 

UsGUEXTCsr  Meze'rei,  Ointment  of  Jlezereon. 
{Mezer.  incis.  transversim,  ,^iv;  adipis,  ^xiv; 
cercB  o.lhcB,  ^ij ;  moisten  the  mezereon  with  a 
little  alcohol,  and  beat  in  an  iron  mortar,  until 
reduced  to  a  fibrous  mass  ;  then  digest  it  with 
the  lard,  in  a  salt-water  bath,  for  12  hours  ;  strain 
forcibly,  and  allow  the  strained  liquor  to  cool 
slowly,  so  that  any  undissolved  matters  may 
subside;  from  these  separate  the  medicated  lard; 
melt  it  with  the  wax  at  a  moderate  heat,  and  stir 
constantly  till  they  are  cold.  Ph.  U.  S.j  To 
keep  open  blisters,  issues,  &c. 

UNGrENTDir  Muria'tis  Hydrargyri  Oxyge- 
NA'to  Medica'tum,  Adeps  muria't'e  hydrargyri 
oxygena'to  rnedicatns,  Cyrillo's  Ointment,  (F.) 
Pommade  de  Cyrillo.  {Hydrar.  oxymxir.  4  p.; 
ndipis  siiilli  prmp.  32  p. — Ph.  P.)  Antivenereal 
and  alterative.     Used  in  friction,  ^ss  at  a  time. 

Unguentum  jSTardinum,  see  ^STardus  Indica  — 
u.  Neapolitanum,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  —  u. 
Xervinum,  Unguentum  Sambuci  —  u.  Xitrieum 
seu  oxygenatum,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi. 

Unguentum  Ophthal'miccm,  Adeps  ox'ido  hy- 
drargyri rubra  et  jAnmhi  aceta'te  medica'tns,  lie- 
gent's  Pommade  ojihthalmique,  (F.)  Pommade  oph- 
thalmique.  [Butyr.  recent.,  aq.  rosar.  lavat.  aa  4^ 
p. :  camphor.,  oxyd.  hydrarg.  rnhr.,  acetatis plumhi, 
aa  0.25  p.  Mix  intimately. — Ph.  P.)  In  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  conjunctiva  or  tarsi. 

Unguentum  Ophthalmicum,  Unguentum  oxidi 
zinci  impuri — u.  Ophthalmicum  rubrum,  Unguen- 
tum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Unguentum  O'pii,  Ointment  of  Opiiim.  [Opii 
pulv.  9j  ;  adipis  ^j  ;  M. — Ph.  L.)  To  be  used 
where  the  local  application  of  opium  by  inunction 
is  needed. 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Hydrargyri  Cine'kbi, 
Adeps  seu  TJnguentum  ex  hydrargyro  mit'ius  dic- 
tum cinereum,  Ointment  of  gray  oxide  of  'mercury, 
(F.)  Ongnent  gris.  [Oxyd.  hydrarg.  ciner. -p.  j  ; 
adipis  suilli,  p.  iij.  —  Ph.  E.)  Properties  like 
the  mercurial  ointment.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Plumbi  Albi,  U.  cerus'sa 
seu  allium  seu  subaceta'tis  2-'lumbi,  Ointment  of 
tchite  oxide  of  lead.  White  ointment.  {Unq.  sim- 
plicis,  p.  v;  oxyd.  plumb,  alb.  p.  j.  —  Ph.  E.  and  i 


P.)     Cooling  and  desiccative.     Applied  to  exco- 
riated and  burnt  surfaces. 

Unguentum  Oxibi  Plumbi  Carbonati,  U. 
Plumbi  subcarbonatis  —  u.  Oxidi  zinci,  Unguen- 
tum zinci. 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Zinci  Impu'ri,  U.  tu'ticB  seu 
ojjhthal'micum  seu  dia/jompthol'ygos,  Adeps  ox'- 
idi zinci  medica'tus,  Eye-salve,  Tutty  ointment, 
Ointment  of  impure  oxide  of  zinc.  (Linim.  simpl. 
p.  v;  oxyd.  zinc.  imp.  prcep.  p.  j.  —  Ph.  E.) 
Generally  used  in  ophthalmia  tarsi  and  atonic 
ophthalmia. 

Unguentuji  Picis  Liq'uid^,  U.  Picia  seu  e 
Pice,  Tar  Ointment.  [Picis  liquid.,  sevi,  sing. 
Ibj.  Melt,  and  stir  till  cold.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimu- 
lant and  detergent.  Used  in  tinea  capitis,  and 
other  cutaneous  eruptions. 

Unguentum  Picis  Nigr^,  Unguentum  resinae 
nigrse  —  u.  Plumbi  acetatis,  Ceratum  plumbi  su- 
peracetatis  —  u.  Plumbi  carbonatis,  Unguentum 
plumbi  subcarbonatis. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Ointment  of  Lead.  [Emp.  Plumbi,  ibiij  ;  ol.  oliv. 
f^xviij  ;  cret.  jjrcepar.  ^vj  ;  acid.  aeet.  dil.  f^vj. 
Dissolve  the  plaster  in  the  oil  with  a  slow  fire; 
then  add  the  chalk,  and  afterwards  the  acid,  con- 
stantly stirring  until  they  become  cold. — Ph.  L.) 
Used  as  a  dressing  to  flabby,  indulent  ulcers. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Iod'idi,  Ointment  of  Io- 
dide of  Lead.  {Plumb,  iodid.  ^j  ;  adipis,  ^'viij  ; 
M. — Ph.  L.)  Used  as  a  eutrophic  in  chronic, 
glandular,  and  other  swellings. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Oxydi  Carboxati,  Un- 
guentum plumbi  subcarbonatis — u. Plumbi  subace- 
tatis,  Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi  albi — u.  Plumbici 
carbonatis,  Unguentum  plumbi  subcarbonatis. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Subcaebona'tis,  U.  plum- 
bi carbona'iis  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  album  seu  album 
simplex  seu  carbona'tis  plumbici  seu  eerus'sa;  seu 
oxidi  plumbi  carbona'ti,  Cera'tum  de  cerus'sd,  (F.) 
Onguent  blanc  de  Ehazes,  0.  de  ceruse,  0.  de 
Tornamira.  (Plumbi  carbonat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss. 
,^ij;  Unguent,  simpl.  Ibj.  Add  the  carbonate  of 
lead  to  the  ointment  previously  softened  over  a 
gentle  fire,  and  mix. —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Chiefly  used 
as  a  dressing  for  burns. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Superaoeta'tis,  U.  ace- 
ta'tis  plumbi  seu  saturni'num  seu  cerus'sce  aceta'- 
tcB,  Bcd'samum  universa'le,  Ointment  of  sugar  of 
lead.  [Olive  oil,  Ibss ;  white  wa.c,  ^iss;  super- 
acetate  of  lead,  ^\j.)  Cooling,  desiccative.  Called, 
also,  Bahamum  saturni'num,  Buty'rum  satur'ni, 
Linimen'tnm  pAumba'tum,  Poma'tum  satur'ni, 
Ung.  triphar'macum. 

Unguentum  Popule'um,  Adeps  popav' ere,  hy- 
oscy'amo,  et  belladon'nd  medica'tus.  Fresh  buds 
of  the  populus  nigra,  500  p.,  macerated  in  adeps 
suillus  prcep.  melted,  1500  p.,  for  24  hours.  Pre- 
serve this.  Take  blacJc  poppy  leaves,  belladonna, 
hyoscyamus,  black  nightshade,  aa  128  p.;  bruise 
in  a  mortar  with  the  former  preparation;  boil 
until  all  the  humidity  is  evaporated,  and  strain. — 
Ph.  P.)  Anodyne.  Applied  to  local  inflamma- 
tions, hemorrhoids,  sore  nipples,  cancer,  <fcc. 
Green  elder  ointment  is  often  sold  for  this. 

Unguentum  Populeum,  see  Populus. 

Unguentum  Potas's^  Hydrioda'tis.  U.  po- 
tas'sii  iod'idi  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Ointment  of  hydri'odate 
of  potass.  [Potass,  iodid.  in  pulv.  subtil.  ,^j  ;  aq. 
bullient.  f ^j  ;  adipis,  ^j.  Dissolve  the  iodide  in 
the  water,  and  mix  the  solution  with  the  lard. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Half  a  drachm  of  this  ointment  is 
rubbed  on  scrofulous  glands,  goitre,  <tc. 

Unguentum  Potassii  Iodidi,  Unguentum  Po- 
tassse  Hydriodatis  —  u.  Pulveris  meloes  tesica- 
torii.  Cerate  of  cantharides  —  u.  E-esinee  flavae, 
Ceratum  resinae  flavae. 

Unguentum  Resi'n^  NigRjE,  U.  resincB  nigrum 
seu  basil'icon  nigrum  seu  Picis  nigrm  seu  Picia 


UNGUENTUM 


945 


UNITING   BANDAGE 


tetrapJiarm' acum,    Black    hasilicon,    Black   resin 
ointment,   Ointment  of  pitch,    Ointment  of  black 
pitch.     {Resin  nigr.,  cerm  flavm,  resincB  fiav.  aa  \ 
^\yi;  old  olivcB,  Oj. — Ph.  L.)     Uses,  the  same  as  i 
ihe  Ceratum  resinoB  or  Yellow  hasilicon. 

Ungoentum  Resinje  Pini  Syltestris  Com- 
POSiTUM,  Unguentum  de  Althaea — u.  Resinosum, 
Ceratum  resinaB  flavae  —  u.  P>,esumptivum,  Un- 
guentum de  althaea. 

Ungitentum  Sabine.  Ceratum  Sabinse. 
Unguentum    Sambu'ci,    U.   samhu'cinum    seu 
nervi'num,  Green  ointment,   Elder  ointment,  (F.) 
Onrjuent  de  sureau.     (Samhuci  flor.  Ibij  j  adipia 
prcsp.  ftij.     Boil. — Ph.  L.)     Emollient. 

Unguentum  Satuuninum,  Unguentum  plumbi 
superacetatis — u.  ad  Scabiem  Zelleri,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  prtecipitati  aibi — u.  Simplex,  Ceratum 
Galeni,  Unguentum  cer« — u.  Solidum  de  cieuta, 
Emplastrum  cicutae — u.  Spermatis  ceti,  Unguen- 
tum cetacei. 

Unguentum  Stramo'nii,' OnitoeH^  of  Stramo'- 
nium.  [Ext.  stramon.  fol.  ^j  ;  adipis,  ^j.  Rub 
the  extract  with  a  little  water  until  uniformly 
soft,  and  then  with  the  lard.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  An 
anodyne  ointment  to  irritable  ulcers,  hemorrhoids, 
&c. 

Unguentum  Subaceta'tis  Cupri,  U.  cupri 
subaceta'tis  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  deter'gens  seu  hasil'- 
icum  vir'ide  seu  cBru'ginis,  Bal'samitm  viride. 
Ointment  of  suhacetate  of  copper,  Ver'digris  oint- 
ment. {Cupri  suhacet.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  ^j  ;  nng. 
simjjl.  3^^-  ■^^'^  ^^^  subacetate  to  the  ointment 
previously  melted  with  a  moderate  heat,  and  stir 
till  cold. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Detergent  and  escharotic. 
Unguentum  Sulphura'tum  ad  Sca'biem, 
Adcps  sid'phure  et  ammo'nim  mtiria'te  medica'tus. 
{Adipis,  120  p.;  sidph.  lot.  60  p.;  ammonim  mu- 
riat.,  alamincB  sidphat.  aa  4  p. ;  fiat  unguentum'. — 
Ph.  P.)     Antipsoric. 

Bailey's  Itch  Ointment  is  composed  of  olive  oil, 
lard,  nitre,  alum,  sulphate  of  zinc,  and  cinnabar  ; 
scented  with  oil  of  aniseed,  oil  of  origanum,  and 
oil  of  spike,  and  coloured  with  alkanet-root. 

Unguentum  Sulphura'tum  Alcali'num  ad 
Sca'biem,  Adeps  sulph'ure  et  carhona'te  potasscB 
medica'tus,Hel'merick's  Alcaline  Sulplnira' ted  Itch 
Ointment.  {Adip.  prcep.  800  p.;  sulphur,  lot.  200 
p.;  carhonat.  potass,  pur.  100  p.;  fiat  ung. — Ph. 
P.)     Use,  same  as  the  last. 

Bateman's  Itch  Ointment  resembles  this.  It  is 
coloured  with  cinnabar,  and  scented  with  essence 
of  hergamot. 

Unguentum  Sul'phuris,  U.  e  sulph'ure,  Sul- 
phur  ointment.  {Sulph.  Ibj  ,•  adip.  tbij. — Ph.  U. 
S.)  Used  chiefly  in  itch,  and  some  herpetic 
afi"ections. 

Unguentum  Sulphuris  Compos'itum,  U.  An- 
tipsor'icum.  Compound  Sulphur  Ointment,  Itch 
Ointment,  Jackson's  Itch  Ointment,  Pommade  An- 
tijysorique  de  Jasser.  {Sulph.  sublim.  Ibss ;  ve- 
ratri  rad.  contus.  ^ij  ;  piotassa  nitrat.  ^)  ;  sapo- 
nin mollis,  R)ss;  adipis,  Ibiss ;  ol.  bergamot. 
Tt\,xxx.  —  Ph.  L.)  The  Unguentum  Sulphuris 
Compositum  of  the  Pharm.  U.  S.  is  made  as  fol- 
lows : — Sulphur,  ^j  ;  hydrargyri  ammoniat.,  acid, 
benzoic,  aa  ^j  ;  ol.  bergamot.,  acid,  sulphuric,  aa 
f,oJ  !  potasscB  nitrat.  ^U  j  adipis,  ibss.  To  the 
melted  lard  add  the  other  ingredients,  and  stir 
till  cold.  Use,  the  same  as  the  last;  but  it  is 
more  stimulating. 

Unguentum  Sulph'ukis  Iod'idi,  'Ointment  of 
I'odide  of  Sulphur.  {Sulphur,  iodid.  ,^ss  ;  adi- 
pis, ^j.  Rub  the  iodide  with  a  little  of  the  lard ; 
add  the  remainder,  and  mix.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  An 
excellent  application  in  chronic  cutaneous  affec- 
tions. 

Unguentum  Susinum,  Crinomyron. 
Unguentum  Tab'aci,  Tobacco  Ointment.    {Ta- 
lac.  recent,  concis.  ^j  ;  adip)is,  Ibj.     Boil  the  to- 
60 


bacco  in  the  lard,  over  a  gentle  fire,  till  it  be- 
comes friable;  then  strain  through  linen.  —  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Applied  to  irritable  ulcars,  tinea  capi- 
tis, &c. 

Unguentum  Tartari  Emetict,  U.  antimonii 
tartarizati  —  u.  Tartari  stibiati,  U.  antimonii  tar- 
tarizati  —  u.  e  Tartaro  potassae  stibiati,  U.  anti- 
monii tartarizati  —  u.  Tartratis  pota-ssae  stibiati, 
U.  antimonii  tartarizati  —  u.  de  Terebinthina  et 
adipibus,  U.  elemi  compositum  —  u.  de  Terebin- 
thina et  cera,  U.  de  althaea  —  u.  Terebinthinae  et 
ovorum  vitelli,  U.  digestivum  simplex — u.  Tetra- 
pharmacum,  Basilicon,  U.  resinae  nigrae — u.  Tri- 
pharmacum,  U.  plumbi  superacetatis  —  u.  Tutiae, 
U.  oxidi  zinci  impuri. 

Unguentum  Vera'tri,  U.  Veratri  albi  (Ph.  U. 
S.)  seu  helleb'ori  albi.  White  hellebore  ointment. 
{Veratr.  pulv.  §ij  ;  adipis,  ^viij ;  olei  Union. 
TT\^xx.)  Used  in  cases  of  itch,  where  sulphur  is 
objected  to.     It  is  not  equally  efficacious. 

The  principal  ingredients  in  the  Edinburgh 
Ointment  are  ichite  hellebore  and  muriate  of  am- 
monia. 

Unguentum  ad  Vesicata,  U.  lyttae — u.  ad 
Vesieatoria,  Cerate  of  cantharides  —  u.  Vesicato- 
rium,  Unguentum  lyttae. 

Unguentum  Zinci,  U.  ox'idi  zinci  seu  zinoi 
opcidi  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Zinc  ointment.  {Zinci  oxid. 
^j  ,•  adipis,  ^vj.)  Use,  the  same  as  that  of  the 
Unguentiim  tutiae. 
Unguentum  Zinci  Oxidi,  U.  zinci. 
UNGUIS,  Hippocampus  minor.  Nail,  Onyx, 
Pterygion  —  u.  Avis,  Hippocampus  minor  —  u. 
Halleri,  Hippocampus  minor — u.  Odoratus,  Blatta 
Byzantia. 

Unguis  Os,  Os  lacryma'le.  A  small,  quadri- 
lateral, very  thin,  and  semi-transparent  bone, 
which  has  been  compared  to  a  human  nail,  and 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
orbit.  It  aids  in  the  formation  of  the  lachrymal 
gutter  and  the  nasal  duct.  It  is  articulated  with 
the  frontal,  superior  maxillary,  ethmoid,  and 
inferior  spongy  bones,  and  is  developed  by  a  sin- 
gle punctum  ossifcationis. 

UNGULA  CABALLINA,  Tussilago. 
UNGUES  PALPEBRARUM,  see  Tarsus. 
UNHEALTHY,  Sickly. 
UNICORN  ROOT,  ChamKlirium  luteum. 
UNILOC'ULAR,      Unilocula'ris,     from     unus, 
'one,'  and  loculus,  (diminutive  of  locus,)  'a  cell.' 
Having  one   cell  or  cavity,  as  hiloc'idar  means 
having  two  cells  or  cavities  ;  mult  Hoc' ular,  having 
many. 

UNIO.  Pearl. 

UNIOCULUS,  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 
UNION   BY   THE    FIRST   AND    SECOND 
INTENTIONS,  see  Intention. 
UNIPARIENS,  Uniparous. 
UNIPARIENT,  Uniparous. 
UNIP'AROUS,  Unipa'rient,  Unipariens,  from 
%inus,   'one,'   and  pario,    'I   bring   forth.'     Pro- 
ducing one  at  a  birth. 

UNISE'MA  DELTIFO'LIA,  Pontede'ria  eor- 
da'ta.  Shovel  Pickerelweed,  Pond  Shovel,  Shovel- 
leaf,  Water  Plantain.  An  indigenous  plant,  Ord. 
Pontederiaceae,  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia, 
which  grows  in  water,  and  flowers  from  June  to 
August.     The  root  is  emollient  and  astringent. 

UNIT  AIRES  {MONSTRES)  (F.),  from  uni- 
tas,  'oneness.'  A  class  of  monsters  in  which  are 
found  only  the  complete  or  incomplete  elements 
of  a  single  individual.  In  contradistinction  to 
Compound  monsters,  (F.)  llonstres  composes,  in 
which  there  are  the  complete  or  incomplete  ele- 
ments of  more  than  one. 

UNPTING  BANDAGE,  (F.)  Bandage  unia- 
sant.  A  bandage  for  bringing  the  edges  of  a 
wound   into   approximation.     The   arrangement 


UNIVOCAL   GENERATION 


946 


URETHRA 


of  such  a  bandage  differs  according  as  the  wound 
is  transverse  or  longitudinal. 

UNIVOCAL  GENERATION,  see  Generation. 
UNOCULUS,  Borgne.  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 
UNORGANIZED,  Inorganic. 
UNSTRIPED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see  Mus- 
cular fibre. 

UNWELL,  see  Menstruation. 
UPAS.  A  word  used  in  the  Archipelagos  of 
Molucca  and  Sunda,  and  signifying  Veyetahle 
Poison,  Ipo,  Bolion,  Polion,  or  Boa  or  Boon  Upas, 
Ujxts,  Pohon  Antiar,  Antsjar.  A  substance  used 
by  the  natives  of  those  places  for  poisoning  their 
arrows.  The  smallest  quantity  is  capable  of  de- 
stroying the  largest  animal.  The  tree  which 
produces  it  is  said  to  be  the  Antia'ris  Toxica'ria. 
Another  species  of  upas,  U.  Tieute,  Tsliettik  or 
Tjettek,  is  the  produce  of  a  Strychnos,  S.  Tieute. 
Many  idle  stories  are  told  regarding  the  upas, 
most  of  which  are  fabulous. 

U'RACHUS,  U'racus,  Urinac'ulum,  from  ovpov, 
'urine,' and  £;(<<),  'I  contain.'  {¥.}  Ouraque.  The 
urachus,  in  certain  animals,  is  a  long  membranous 
canal,  which  arises  from  the  bladder,  makes  its 
exit  from  the  abdomen  by  the  umbilicus,  and  ter- 
minates in  the  pouch  called  allciniois.  According 
to  Sabatier,  this  is  the  arrangement  of  the  ura- 
chus in  the  human  foetus,-  but  Bichat  and  other 
anatomists  consider,  that  when  the  canal  exists 
in  it,  it  is  a  malformation.  They  regard  it  as  a 
kind  of  suspensory  ligament  of  the  bladder,  ex- 
tending from  the  top  of  that  organ  to  the  umbili- 
cus; and,  at  the  umbilicus,  confounded  with  the 
abdominal  aponeurosis. 

URACRATIA,  Enuresis. 

URACUS,  Urachus. 

UR^'MIA,  Urha'mia,  (F.)  Ureniie,  from  ovpov, 
'urine,'  and  'aijta,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  the 
blood  in  which  it  contains  urine  or  urea. 

URALI,  Curare. 

URANA,  Ureter. 

URANE,  Urinal. 

URANISCONI'TIS,  from  ovpaviaKo^,  '  the  pa- 
late,' and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Palati'tis. 
Inflammation  of  the  palate. 

URANISCOPLAS'TY,  Uraniscoplas'tiee,  from 
ovgavianoi,  'the  palate,'  and  irXaariKoi,  'forming.' 
The  operation  of  engrafting  in  case  of  deficiency 
of  the  soft  palate. 

URANISCORRHAPHIA,  Staphylorraphy. 

URANISCOS,  Palate. 

URANORRHAPHIA,  Staphylorraphy. 

URAPOSTE'MA,  Ahsces'eus  urino'sus,  Urce- 
de'ma,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  a-joaTtjua,  'an  ab- 
scess.' A  tumefaction  produced  by  the  escape  of 
urine.     An  abscess  containing  urine. 

URARI,  Curare. 

URAS,  Urate. 

URATE,  Uras,  Lithate,  Lithas ;  from  ovpov, 
'urine.'  A  generic  name  for  salts,  formed  by  the 
combination  of  uric  or  lithic  acid  with  ditlerent 
bases.  Urate  or  Lithate  of  Soda,  for  example,  is 
found  in  arthritic  and  certain  urinary  concre- 
tions:—  Urate  or  Lithate  of  Ammo'nia  in  certain 
urinary  deposits. 

URE'A,  Uren,  Uren'ium,  U'ricum,  3Iate'ria 
urino'sa,  Princip'ium  seu  Sal  urino'i'um,  Nejih- 
riiie,  (P.)  Uree.  Same  etymon.  A  white,  pearly, 
brilliant  substance,  in  transparent  plates,  ino- 
dorous, and  of  a  cool  taste ;  very  soluble  in  water ; 
deliquescent,  and  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  exists, 
in  great  quantity,  in  the  urine;  and  is  an  essen- 
tial part  of  it.  It  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic. 
Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ^j. 

UREC'CHYSIS,  Urech'ysis,  from  ovpov,  'urine,' 
and  cKxvoig,  'effusion.'  Effusion  of  urine  into  the 
cellular  membrane. 

UREDO,  Urticaria. 
UEEE,  Urea. 


UREMA,  Urine. 

U REM  IE,  Uraemia. 

UREN,  Urea. 

URENIUM,  Urea. 
URENS,  Caustic. 

UREORRH(EA,  Diabetes. 

URESI^STHESIS,  Diuresi^sthesis. 

URESIS,  Micturition. 

URE'TER,  ovprjTrip.  Same  etymon  as  Urate, 
U'rana,  Vena  alba  renum,  Cana'lis  ner'vetisfistu- 
lo'siis  renum,  Ductus  seu  Ductor  Uri'neB,  Vas  uri- 
na'rium,  (F.)  Uretere.  A  long,  excretory  canal 
—  membranous  and  cylindrical  —  which  conveys 
the  urine  from  the  kidney  to  the  bladder.  It  ex- 
tends, obliquely,  between  the  pelvis  of  the  kid- 
ney, with  which  it  is  continuous,  and  the  has  fond 
of  the  bladder,  into  which  it  opens.  It  enters  at 
the  posterior  and  inferior  part,  for  some  distance 
between  the  coats,  and  opens  into  the  cavity  of 
the  bladder,  at  the  posterior  angle  of  the  Trigone 
vesical.  The  ureter  is  formed  of  an  exterior, 
white,  opake,  and  fibrous  membrane ;  and  of  an 
inner,  which  is  mucous. 

URETERAL'GIA,  from  oujsijnyp,  'the  ureter,' 
and  aKyoi,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  course  of  the  ure- 
ter,— as  from  calculus,  Ureteral'gia  calculo'sa. 

Ureteralgia  Calculosa,  see  Ureteralgia — u. 
Inflammatoria,  Ureteritis. 

URETERE,  Ureter. 

URETER'ICUS.  An  epithet  for  isehury,  &c., 
arising  from  an  affection  of  the  ureter. 

URETERI'TIS,  Ureteral'gia  inflammato'ria, 
Ureterophlegma'sia,  from  ureter,  and  itis,  deno- 
ting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  ureter  j 
generally  caused  by  calculus. 

URETERO-LITH'ICUS,  from  ureter,  and 
A(5oj,  '  a  stone.'  An  epithet  applied  to  isehury 
or  other  affection  caused  by  a  stone  in  the  ureter. 

URETEROL'ITHUS.  Same  etymon.  Calcu- 
lus in  the  ureter. 

URETEROPHLEGMASIA,  Ureteritis. 

URETERO-PHLEGMAT'ICUS,  from  ureter, 
and  <b\typ.a,  'phlegm  or  mucus.'  Any  affection 
caused  by  mucus  accumulated  in  the  ureter. 

URETERO-PY'ICUS,  from  ureter,  and  ttvov, 
'pus.'  An  epithet  applied  to  affections  caused  by 
the  presence  of  pus  in  the  ureter. 

URETERORRHAG"IA,  from  ureter,  and  payn, 
'rupture.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  ureter. 

URETERO-STOMAT'ICUS,  from  ureter,  and 
oTopa,  '  orifice.'  That  which  is  dependent  upon 
obstruction  of  the  orifice  of  the  ureter. 

URETERO-THROMBOii'DES,  from  ureter, 
Bpon^os,  'grumous  blood,'  and  siSoi,  'resemblance.' 
Isehury  from  grumous  blood  in  the  ureter. 

URETHRA,  ovpri^pa,  Oana'lis  seu  Mea'tus  sen 
Ductus  vrina'rius,  Urias,  Ure'tra,  Fis'tula  uri- 
na'ria,  Iter  urina'rium  seu  Uri'ncB ;  (F.)  Urithre, 
Uretre,  from  ovpov,  'urine.'  The  excretory  ducts 
for  the  urine  in  both  sexes ;  and  for  the  sperm  in 
man.  In  the  latter,  it  is  8  or  10  inches  long  ;  and 
extends  from  the  neck  of  the  bladder  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  penis,  in  which  its  external  aper- 
ture is  situate.  In  the  male  urethra,  three  por- 
tions are  distinguished  : — 1.  A  Prostatic  portion, 
near  the  bladder,  about  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in 
length,  which  traverses  the  prostate  gland :  — 
2.  A  membranous  portion,  Isthmus  ure'thrcB,  Pars 
ure'thrcB  membrann'cea,  from  8  to  10  lines  long, 
which  is  separated  from  the  rectum  by  the  areo- 
lar tissue  only  : — 3.  A  spongy  portion,  which  ex- 
pands, anteriorly,  to  form  the  glans,  and  which 
commences  at  the  bulb  of  the  urethra.  Before 
opening  externally,  the  canal  has  a  dilatation, 
called  the  Fossa  or  Fossic'ida  navicula'ris.  On 
the  interior  of  the  urethra  two  white  lines  are 
perceptible  —  the  one  above,  the  other  below. 
The  latter  commences  at  the  verumontanum ;  and 


URETHRAL 


947 


URINARY 


at  the  surface  of  this,  the  ejnculatory  ducts,  and 
prostatic  ducts  open.  The  urethra  is  lined,  in  its 
whole  extent,  bj'  a  mucous  membrane;  on  which 
are  seen,  particularly  at  the  bulb,  the  orifices  of 
a  numberof  follicular  ducts,  Lacuna  or  Sinuses 
of  Morgagni.  At  about  an  inch  and  a  half  from 
the  opening  of  the  meatus,  one  of  these  lacuna  is 
generally  found,  much  larger  than  the  rest,  and 
is  named  Lacuna  Jfagna.  The  arteries  of  the 
urethra  are  numerous,  and  proceed  from  the  in- 
ternal pudic, — the  largest  branches  entering  the 
bulb.  The  veins  follow  the  course  of  the  arteries. 
The  lymphatics  pass  into  the  inguinal  and  hypo- 
gastric plexuses.  The  nerves  come  from  the  pu- 
dic and  gluteal.  In  the  female,  the  urethra  is 
only  about  an  inch  long.  It  is  wider  than  in 
man,  and  susceptible  of  great  dilatation.  It  is 
very  wide  at  its  commencement;  and  descends 
obliquely  forwards,  to  terminate  at  the  top  of  the 
external  aperture  of  the  vagina  by  the  mea'tns 
tirina'rius.  In  its  course,  it  is  slightly  curved, 
the  concavity  being  forwards. 

Urethra,  Blind  Ducts  of  the,  see  Caecus  — 
u.  Mucous  lacunae  of  the,  see  Csecus. 

URE'THRAL,  Urethra'lis,  Ure'tliricus.  Re- 
lating to  the  urethra. 

UKETHRAL'GIA,  from  urethra,  and  a\yoi, 
'pain.'     Pain  in  the  urethra.     Gonorrhoea. 

URETHRE,  Urethra. 

URETHREMPHRAXIS,  Urethrophraxis. 

URETHRITIS,  Gonorrhoea. 

URETHROBLENNORRHOE'A,  from  urethra, 
p\tvva,  'mucus,'  and  pto),  'I  flow.'  Gonorrhoea; 
gleet. 

URETHROCYSTAUCHENOTOMIA,  see  Li- 
thotomy. 

U  R  E  THROCYSTEOANEURYSMATOTOM- 
lA,  see  Lithotomy. 

URETHROCYSTEOTRACHELOTOMIA,  see 
Lithotomy. 

URETHROH^MORRHAGIA,  Urethrorrha- 
gia. 

URETHROPH RAX'IS,  Urethremphrax'is, 
from  urethra,  and  (jtpaaaiji,  'I  obstruct.'  Obstruc- 
tion of  the  urethra. 

URETHROPLAS'TIC,  Urethroplas'tictts;  from 
urethra,  and  irXaaGOj,  'I  form.'  An  epithet  given 
to  the  operation,  U'rethroplasty,  which  supplies 
defects  in  the  canal  of  the  urethra  through  which 
the  urine  escapes. 

URETHRORRHA'GIA,  Vrethrohmmorrha'- 
gia,  Caulorrha'gia  seu  Hoematu'ria  stillatit"ia, 
from  urethra,  and  prtyvv^ii,  '  I  break  out.'  Hemor- 
rhage from  the  urethra.  —  Frank. 

URETHRORRHCE'A,  from  urethra,  and  pEw, 
'I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  any  kind  from  the 
urethra. 

URETHROSTENO'SIS,  Stridu'ra  ure'throB, 
Urosteno'sis,  Urethrosten'ia,  (F.)  RetrScissement 
de  rUrethre,  from  urethra,  and  cTevuaiSj  'narrow- 
ness.'    Stricture  of  the  urethra. 

U'RETHROTOME,  Urethrot'omus,  (F.)  Ure- 
throtome, from  urethra,  and  Te^via,  'I  cut.'  An 
instrument  so  called  by  Le  Cat,  with  which  he 
divided  the  skin,  and  laid  open  the  urethra,  in 
the  operation  for  lithotomy.  Also,  an  instrument 
for  dividing  strictures  of  the  urethra. 

URETHROT'OMY,  Urethrotom'ia;  same  ety- 
mon. An  operation,  which  consists  in  opening 
the  urethra  with  the  Urethrotome,  for  the  remo- 
val of  stricture.     See  Boutonniere. 

URETHRYMENO'DES,  from  urethra,  and 
'v/jitiv,  'a  membrane.'  That  which  is  caused  by  a 
membrane  formed  in  the  urethra. 

URBTICUS,  Diuretic,  Urinary. 

URETRA,  Urethra. 

URETRE,  Urethra. 

URETRIS,  Urinal. 


URGINEA  SCILLA,  Seilla. 

UKHiEMIA,  Uraemia. 

URIAS.  Fistula  (urinary),  Urethra. 

URIASIS,  Litbia,  Uresis. 

URIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  u'rtcum  seu  urolith'- 
icum  seu  lith'icum,  Lith'ic,  Uryl'ic,  Cal'culous, 
Rezocir'dic,  Lithia'sic  or  Lithen'ic  Acid,  (F.) 
Acide  vriqiie.  An  acid  which  exists  in  human 
urine,  chiefly,  if  not  wholly,  in  the  form  of  urate 
of  soda  or  urate  of  ammonia,  and  which  in  com- 
bination constitutes  the  greater  part  of  urinary 
calculi.  It  is  often  deposited  from  the  urine  in 
health.     See  Calculi,  urinary. 

URIC  OXIDE,  Ox'idvm  u'ricum,  Xanthic  ox- 
ide. Xanthine,  Urous  acid.  A  substance  not  dis- 
covered in  healthy  urine,  although  probably  bear- 
ing some  relation  to  the  yellow  colouring  matter. 
It  is  a  very  rare  ingredient  of  calculous  concre- 
tions, and  little  is  known  either  of  its  chemical  or 
pathological  history. 

URICUM,  Urea. 

URICUS,  Urinary. 

URIDRO'SIS,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  'iSpu^, 
'sweat.'  Urinous  sweating.  (F.)  Sueur  uri- 
neuse. 

_  URINA  CEREBELLA.seeCerebella— u.Chy- 
li,  see  Urine  —  u.  Cibi,  see  Urine  —  u.  Diabetica, 
Urine,  diabetic — u.  Febrilis,  Urine,  febrile  —  u. 
Furfuracea,  see  Furfuraccous — u.  Galactodes,  see 
Galactodes — u.  Genitalis,  Sperm— u.  Jumentosa 
seu  Jumentaria,  Urine,  jumentous^u.  Mucosa, 
Cystirrhcea  —  u.  JVephelodcs,  see  Nepheloid — u. 
Oroboides  seu  Orobodes,  see  Oroboides — u.  Peri- 
cardii, see  Pericardium  —  u.  Potfls,  see  Urine  — 
u.  Sanguinis,  see  Urine — u.  Vaccse,  Urine,  cows'. 

URINACULUM,  Urachus,  Urinal. 

URIN^  PROFLUVIUM,  Diabetes  — u.  Sup- 
pressio,  Ischuria — u.  Stillicidium,  Strangury— u. 
Substillutn,  Strangury. 

URINAIRE,  Urinary. 

U'RINAL,  Urinato'rium,  Chernih'ium,  U'rane, 
Ure'tris,  Urinac'nlum,  Urodochi'.um,  Urod'oche, 
Urodoche'um,  Uratra'cium,  l/atra'cium,  Mat'vln, 
Matel'la;   from  urina,   'urine.'     A  name  given, 

1.  To  certain  vessels,  used  to  pass  the  urine  into. 

2.  To  reservoirs,  of  different  shapes  and  charac- 
ter, which  are  adapted  to  the  penis,  in  cases  of 
incontinence  of  urine,  and  which  are  intended  to 
receive  the  urine  as  it  flows  off. 

URINALIS,  Diuretic,  Urinary. 

URINARIA,  Antirhinum  linaria,  Leontodon 
taraxacum. 

U'RINARY,  Urina'rius,  Urina'lis,  Urino'sus, 
U'ricus,  Uret'icus,  (F.)  Urinaire.  Same  etymon. 
That  which  relates  to  the  urine. 

Ukinahy  Blamiee,  Bladder,  Vesi'ca  Urina'- 
ria,  Cystis,  Urocys'tis,  (F.)  Vessie.  A  musculo- 
membranous  reservoir,  intended  for  the  reception 
of  the  urine,  until  the  accumulation  of  a  certain 
quantity  solicits  its  excretion.  The  bladder  is 
situate  in  the  hypogastric  region,  between  the 
rectum  and  pubis  in  man ;  and  between  the  pubis 
and  vagina  in  the  female.  Its  upper  region  is 
not  covered,  except  by  the  peritoneum,  posteri- 
orly. From  its  centre  arises  the  urachus.  Its 
lower  region  is  bounded,  anteriorly,  by  the  pros- 
tate, in  man;  and  rests  on  the  vesiculas  semi- 
nales  and  rectum.  In  the  female,  it  corresponds 
to  the  vagina.  The  lowest  portion  of  this  region 
bears  the  name  Bas-fond.  The  anterior  surface 
of  the  organ  is  not  covered  by  peritoneum.  It  is 
attached  to  the  symphysis  pubis  by  a  fibro-cel- 
lular  expansion  called  the  anterior  ligament. 
The  posterior  ligaments  or  r ecto-vesical  folds  — 
pliccB  semilunares  —  are  dupacatures  of  the  peri- 
toneum on  its  posterior  surface,  which  extend 
from  this  surface  to  the  rectum  in  the  male,  and 
to  the  uterus  in  the  female.  The  bladder  is  com- 
posed of  a  serous  membrane,  formed  by  the  peri- 


URINATION 


948 


URINE   CR  UE 


toneum ;  —  of  a  muscular  membrane  ;  of  a  some- 
what thick  layer  of  areolar  tissue;  and  is  lined 
oil  its  inner  surface  by  a  mucous  membrane, 
which  is  sometimes  raised  up,  here  and  there, 
in  long  prominences  or  columns  by  the  muscular 
fibres  beneath.  To  this  condition,  the  French 
anatomists  give  the  term  —  vessie  d  colonnes.  In 
the  bas-fond  the  two  ureters  open,  and  the  urethra 
commences  ;  and  the  triangular  space,  which  the 
apertures  of  these  three  canals  leave  between 
them,  is  called,  by  the  French,  the  Trigone  vesi- 
cal or  Vesical  Triangle,  Trigo'nus  seu  Trigo'nnm 
vesi'cas  seu  Lieutau'di,  Corpus  trigo'num.  In  the 
orifice  of  the  urethra,  which  is  also  called  the 
neck  of  the  bladder,  there  is,  at  its  lower  part,  a 
mure  or  less  prominent  tubercle,  which  is  formed 
by  the  anterior  angle  of  the  Trigone  vesical,  and 
is  called  the  Vesical  uvula,  U'vula  vesi'cce,  (F.) 
£ueite  vesicale. 

The  arteries  of  the  bladder  proceed  from  the 
hypogastric,  umbilical,  sciatic,  middle  hemor- 
rhoidal, and  internal  pudic.  Its  veins,  which  are 
more  numerous  than  the  arteries,  open  into  the 
hypogastric  venous  plexus.  Its  nerves  emanate 
from  the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plexuses;  and 
its  lymphatic  vessels  pass  into  the  hypogastric 
ganglia. 

Urinary  Calculi.  The  calculi  which  form  in 
the  urinary  passages.     See  Calculi,  urinary. 

Urinary  Passages,  (F.)  Voies  urinaires.  The 
aggregate  of  canals  and  cavities  intended  to  con- 
tain the  urine  and  convey  it  externally.  These 
v}ai/s  are  composed  of  excretory  ducts,  which 
form  the  tubular  portion  of  the  kidney;  of  cali- 
ees  ;  pelvis  ;  ureters  ;  bladder  ;  and  urethra. 

URINATION,  Micturition.  M.  Beraud  elabo- 
rately defines  it — a  function,  the  result  of  which 
is  the  expulsion  of  matters  principally  solid,  but 
held  in  solution,  which  have  become  improper  for 
nutrition. 

UKINATORIUM,  Urinal. 

UPtlNE,  Uri'na,  ovpov,  U'ron,  Ure'ma,  Lot'ium, 
Lot,  Lapis  au'reus,  Omich'ma,  Becremen'ta  seu 
Retrimen'ta  vesi'ccs.  Aqua  pedum.  Aqua,  (Old 
Eng.)  Stale,  Lee,  (Prov.)  Herrin,  Netting,  Saag. 
An  excrementitial  fluid:  secreted  by  the  cortical 
part  of  the  kidney;  filtered  through  the  tubular 
portion;  ^tour^A.  guttatim  irova  the  apices  of  the 
tubular  papillae  into  the  pelvis  of  the  kidney  ;  and 
transmitted  by  it  to  the  ureters  ;  which  convey  it 
slowly,  but  in  a  continuous  manner,  into  the  blad- 
der, where  it  remains  deposited,  until  its  accumu- 
lation excites  a  desire  to  void  it.  The  excretion 
of  the  fluid  takes  place  through  the  urethra;  and 
is  caused  by  the  action  of  the  abdominal  muscles 
and  diaphragm  and  the  contraction  of  the  fibrous 
coat  of  the  bladder.  Urine  is  transparent;  of  a 
citron-yellow  colour;  of  a  peculiar  odour,  and  of 
an  acid,  saline,  and  slightly  bitter  taste.  That 
which  is  passed  some  time  after  taking  fluid,  is 
less  coloured,  and  less  odorous  and  dense  than 
that  which  is  voided  7  or  8  hours  after  eating. 
The  first  is  the  Uri'na  potus,  (F.)  Urine  de  la 
Boisson,  Urine  of  drink:  —  the  latter  Uri'na 
san'guinis,  (F.)  Urine  de  la  digestion.  Urine  de 
la  coction.  Urine  cuite.  Coded  urine.  Urine  of  di- 
gestion. Three  distinct  varieties  of  urine  may, 
according  to  Dr.  Golding  Bird,  be  recognised  : 
First.  That  passed  some  little  time  after  drinking 
freely  of  fluids,  which  is  generally  pale,  and  of 
low  specific  gravity  — 1.003  to  1.009  —  Urina  po- 
iti.s.  Secondly.  That  secreted  after  the  digestion 
(if  a  full  meal;  s.  g.  1.020  to  1.028,  or  even  1.0."0 
■ — Urina  chijli  seu  cihi.  Thirdly.  That  secreted 
independently  of  the  immediate  stimulus  of  food 
and  drink,  as  after  a  night's  rest,  which  is  usu- 
ally of  average  density — 1.015  to  1.025,  and  pre- 
sents the  essential  characters  of  urine — Urina 
■unguinis. 


The  following  are  the  ordinary  constituent?  of 
healthy  human  urine  : — urea,  uric  acid,  [hippuric 
acid  :]  extractive  matters,  embracing  alcohol  ex- 
tract, spirit  extract,  and  water  extract,  with  their 
respective  constituents  ;  mucus  ;  brown  colouring 
matter  of  the  urine,  (hsemaphaein ;)  red  colouring 
matter  of  the  urine,  (uroerythrin  :)  carbonic,  lac- 
tie,  hydrochloric,  sulphuric,  phosphoric,  silicic, 
and  hydrofluoric  acids;  soda;  potassa;  ammo- 
nia; lime;  magnesia;  and  peroxide  of  iron.  The 
proportion  of  solid  matters  in  1000  parts  of  urine 
may  vary  from  20  to  70.  The  following  table 
expresses  the  relative  amounts  of  the  different 
components  in  every  100  parts  of  the  solid  mat- 
ter, according  to  the  analysis  of  different  ob- 
servers : 


erzelius. 

Lehmann 

Simon.  Marchand 

45.10 

49.68 

33.S0         48.91 

1.50 

1.61 

1.40          1.59 

Urea, 
Uric  Acid, 
Extractive  matter. 

Ammonia.  Salts. 

and   Chloride  of 

Sodium. 

Alkaline  Sulphates,"     10.30        11.58  8.14        10.18 

Alkaline  Phosphates,     6.88  5.96  6.50  4.57 

Phosphates  of  lime  (     j^q  ^^  g-  ^^^  ^g^ 

and  magnesia,        ) 

Its  average  specific  gravity  is  about  1.015.  The 
quantity  passed  by  the  adult  in  the  24  hours  va- 
ries. On  the  average  it  may  amount  to  two 
pounds  and  a  half.  Sometimes,  the  urine,  in 
health  and  disease,  exhibits  appearances  that 
have  received  special  names.  Thus,  that  which 
is  characterized  by  a  deficiency  of  solid  matters 
generally,  has  been  called i^T^/c/rnVjn,  (^viuip,  'wa- 
ter ;')  by  a  deficiency  of  urea,  Anazotu'ria,  (ov, 
privative,  and  azote;)  by  a  superabundance  of 
urea,  Azotu'ria.  Urine  in  which  the  deposit 
consists  of  lithic  acid,  and  the  lithates,  has  been 
termed  Lithu'ria  ;  and  that  in  which  the  deposit 
consists  of  the  earthy  and  earthy-alkaline  phos- 
phates, PAos^j^it'rfa  Ceraynu' ria,  (KEpa/jiog,  'potters' 
earth,')  &c.  &c.  At  times,  a.  pellicle  forms  on  the 
surface  {Cremor  urince)  which  consists  of  mucus 
and  some  salts  :  at  others,  there  is  a  cloud,  (Nu- 
bec'ula,  nuhes,)  towards  its  upper  part,  which  is 
called  Enaore'rna  when  it  is  suspended,  as  it 
were,  about  the  middle  of  the  liquid.  Occasion- 
ally, there  is  a  sediment,  to  which  the  names  Hy- 
pos'tasis,  Sedimen'tum,  &e.,  have  been  given.  (See 
these  various  words.)  The  urine  is  often  deserv- 
ing of  attention  in  disease;  but  it  has  been  con- 
sidered a  matter  of  more  importance  than  it  me- 
rits. Some  empirics  have  presumed  to  pronounce 
on  the  nature  of  disease  by  simply  inspecting  it. 
See  Uroscopy. 

Human  urine  was,  at  one  time,  considered  ape- 
rient; and  was  given  in  jaundice,  in  the  dose  of 
one  or  two  ounces.  Cows'  urine,  Urina  Vacem, 
Allfloxoer  water,  was  once  used,  warm  from  the 
cow,  as  a  purge,  in  the  dose  of  Oss. 

Urine  has  been  variously  designated  by  pa- 
thologists, according  to  its  appearance,  <fec.,  for 
example  :  — 

Urise,  Anj.'mic,  Uri'na  ancs'mica.  A  term 
used,  but  not  felicitously,  for  the  form  of  urine 
that  occurs  in  anaemia,  chlorosis,  (fcc— Becquerel. 

URINE  AliDENTE. Ardent  urine— u.  Bloody, 
Hematuria  —  u.  de  la  Boisson,  Urine,  hj'sterical, 
see  Urine — v.  Briquete,  see  Lateritious — u.  de  la 
Coction,  see  Urine. 

Urine,  Critde,  (F.)  Urine  crue.  Urine  that  is 
thin,  transparent,  and  but  little  coloured,  afi'ord- 
ing  neither  cloud  nor  deposite. 

URINE  CRUE,  Urine,  crude  — !i.  Cuile,  see 
Urine. 

Urine,  Cystin'ic,  Cystinu'ria.  Urine  contain- 
ing cystine  or  cystic  oxide  in  solution,  or  as  a 
deposite. 


URINE  DE  LA  DIGESTION 


949 


UROGENITAL 


Urine,  Diabet'ic,  Uri'na  diahe'liea.  Urine 
passed  in  Diabetes  mellitus,  Melita'ria.  It  eon- 
tains  a  large  quantity  of  sugar  analogous  to  that 
of  the  grape,  which  may  be  separated  in  the  form 
of  crystals.  In  other  respects,  the  urine  is  very 
abundant  and  verj'  limpid  in  that  affection. 

URINE  DE  LA  DIGESTION,  see  Urine. 

Urine,  Drop'sical,  is  an  animoniacal  urine, 
often  containing  much  albumen  and  scarcely  any 
urea. 

Urine,  Dyspep'tic,  has  been  found  to  precipi- 
tate tannin  abundantly,  and  to  soon  putrefy. 

URINE  EPAISSE,  Urine,  mucilaginous. 

Urine,  Febrile,  Uri'na  fehri'lif.  Urine  dis- 
charged in  inflammation  and  inflammatory  fever. 

Urine,  FiLAifENTOus,  see  Filamentous. 

Urine,  Floc'culent,  (F.)  Urine  foconneuse, 
is  when  the  fluid  is  troubled  by  flooculi,  suspend- 
ed in  it. 

Urine,  Fdrpdra'ceous,  see  Furfuraeeous — u. 
Floconneuse,  Urine,  flocculent  —  u.  des  Goutteux, 
Urine,  gouty. 

Urine,  Gooty,  (F.)  Urine  des  goutteux,  con- 
tains much  phosphate  of  lime,  and,  after  severe 
attacks  of  gout,  precipitates  a  mixture  of  the  uric 
and  rosacic  acids. 

URINE  HUILEUSE,  Urine,  oily. 

Urine,  Hyster'ical,  is  clear,  colourless,  and 
similar  to  the  Urine  de  la  Roisson. 

Urine,  Icter'ical,  contains  bile. 

Urine,  Incontinence  of,  Enuresis. 

Urine  of  Inflam'matory  Diseases.  This 
is,  generally,  small  in  quantity,  and  very  high- 
coloured. 

Urine,  Involuntary  DischaPvGE  of.  Enuresis. 

Urine,  Jomen'tods,  Uri'na  jnment.u'sa  sou  ju- 
menta'ria,  (F.)  Urine  Jumenteiise.  A  term  used, 
by  the  French,  for  ammoniacal  urine,  rendered 
turbid  by  a  substance  similar  to  small  grains  of 
dust,  which  causes  it  to  resemble  the  urine  of 
herbivorous  animals. 

URINE  LACTESCENTE,  U.  milky— «.  Lai- 
teuse.  Urine,  milky. 

Urine,  Milky,  (F.)  Ui-ine  lartescente  ou  lai- 
teuse.     White  and  troubled  urine. 

Urine,  Mdcilag"inous,  (F.)  Urine  epaisse. 
Urine  containing  much  mucus. 

Urine,  Nervous.  Thin  and  very  liquid  urine  ; 
such  as  is  passed  shortly  after  the  attack  of  ner- 
vous diseases. 

Urine  of  Nervous  Fevers  is  generally  very 
thin ;  and  often  deposits  a  mixture  of  uric  and 
rosacic  acids. 

Urine,  Oily,  (F.)  Urine  Jiuilense,  is  that  which 
pours  like  oil,  or  which  has  an  oily  pellicle  at  its 
surface. 

Urine,  Oxal'ic,  Oxala'ria.  Urine  containing 
a  salt  of  the  oxalic  acid. 

Urine,  Phosphores'cent,  Phosphom' ria,Phos- 
phu'ria.  Urine  which  is  luminous  or  phospho- 
rescent. 

Urine,  Purpuric,  see  Porphyruria. 

Urine,  Rick'ety,  contains  much  phosphate  of 
lime. 

Urine,  Sandy,  Arenosa  urina — u.  Stoppage  of. 
Ischuria — u.  Tenue,  Urine,  thin. 

Urine,  Thin,  (F.)  Urine  tenue.  Urine  that  is 
transparent,  slightly  coloured,  and  but  little 
dense 

URINEUX,  Urinous. 

URINIF'EROUS,  Urinifer,  (F.)  Urinifere, 
from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  fero,  'I  carry.'  That 
which  carries  urine. 

Uriniferous  Substance  of  the  Kidney,  sec 
Kidney. 

Urinif'erous  Tubes  or  Ducts  op  Belli'ni, 
Tu'huli  seu  duc'tus  urinif'eri  Belli'ni,  Tu'huli 
Belli'ni  seu  recti,  Bellinia'ni  Ductus,  Bellinia'nai 


Urinometer. 


Fis'tulcB.  The  collection  of  small  tubes,  con- 
verging from  the  cortical  part  of  the  kidney  to 
the  apices  of  the  papillae.  The  tortuous  urinife- 
rous ducts  are  called  Tubes  of  Ferreiu,  Tu'huli 
contor'fi  seu  Ferrei' nii. 

URINIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Urinipare,  from  urina, 
'urine,' and  ^jo;-e;-e,  'to  produce.'  An  epithet  for 
tubes  in  the  cortical  portion  of  the  kidney,  which 
prepare  the  urine. 

URINODES,  Urinous. 

URINOM'ETER,  from  oupov,  'urine,'  and  ;u£- 
rpov,  'measure.'  A  small  hy- 
drometer for  taking  the  specific 
gravity  of  urine.  The  urino- 
meter suggested  by  Dr.  Prout 
is  divided  into  60  degrees,  the 
zero  being  the  point  at  which  it 
floats  in  distilled  water.  The 
numbers  on  the  scale  added  to 
1000,  the  specific  gravity  of 
water,  give  the  particular  spe- 
cific gravity :  thus,  supposing 
the  number  cut  by  the  surface 
of  the  liquid  to  be  30,  it  would 
indicate  a  s.  g.  of  1.030.  The 
letters  H.  S.  on  the  back  of  the 
scale  mean  "healthy  standard," 
which  ranges  from  10°  to  20°. 

U'RINOUS,  Uriiw'sus,  Uri- 
no'des,  (F.)  Urineux.  Having 
the  character  of  urine.  Similar 
to  urine. 

UROCE'LE,    (Edema    scroti 
urino'snm,     Uroscheoee'le,      Os- 
cheocele urina'lis,  from  ovpov,  and  KriXtj,  'a  rup- 
ture.'    A  tumour  of  the   scrotum,  owing  to  the 
effusion  of  urine  into  the  same,  and  into  the  areo- 
lar tissue. 

UROCHES'IA,  Uroehez'ia,  from  ovpov,  and 
X^^^i-v,  '  to  go  to  stool.'  A  discharge  of  urine  by 
the  bowels. 

UROCRASIA,  Enuresis. 

UROCRIS'IA,  from  ovpov,  and  Kpivoi,  '  I  judge.' 
Urocrite'rion.  A  judgment  formed  either  of  the 
urine,  or  of  disease  after  inspecting  the  urine. 

UROCRITERION,  Urocrisia. 

UROCYSTIS,  Urinary  bladder. 

UROCYSTITIS, 'Cystitis. 

UROCYSTOCATARRHUS,  Cystirrhcea. 

URODIAL'YSIS,  from  ov,)ov,  and  iiaXvan, 
'  dissolutio-n,  loss  of  strength.'  A  partial  and 
temporary  suspension  of  the  function  of  the  kid- 
ney, such  as  occurs  in  the  course  of  most  acute 
diseases.  A  condition  of  the  function  of  the 
kidney  and  of  the  urine,  similar  to  that  observed 
in  acute  diseases,  but  without  local  mischief  or 
preceding  inflammatory  fever,  has  been  termed, 
when  occurring  in  children,  Urodiol'ysis  Ne- 
onafo'rum ;  in  the  aged,  Urodialysis  Senum. — 
Schonlein. 

URODOCHIUM,  Urinal. 

URODYN'IA,  from  ovpov,  and  oSvvrj,  'pain.* 
Pain  during  the  excretion  of  the  urine. 

URCEDEMA,  Urapostema. 

UROF.RYTHRIN,  see  Porphyruria. 

UROGENITAL,  Urogenita'lis,  Gen'ito-u'ri- 
nary,  Gen'ito-urina'rius.  Relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  the  urinary  and  genital  apparatus — as  the 
'urogenital  organs' — Or'gana  urogenitu'lia. 

Urogenital  Sinus,  Sinus  itro-genita'lis.  A 
cavity  or  canal  in  the  embryo  of  the  mammalia 
opening  externally,  in  which  the  excretory  ducts 
of  the  Wolffian  bodies,  the  ureters  and  the  effe- 
rent parts  of  the  generative  apparatus,  terminate 
internally.  It  is  prolonged  into  the  urachus. 
Subsequently  it  becomes  separated  by  a  process 
of  division  into  a  pars  urina'ria  and  a  pars  ge~ 
nita'lis.  The  former,  extending  towards  the  ura- 
chus,   is    converted    into    the   urinary   bladder ; 


UROLITHI 


950 


UTERINE 


whilst  from  the  latter  are  formed  the  vesicnlm 
seminales  in  the  male,  and  the  middle  portion  of 
the  uterus  in  the  female. — J.  Mliller. 

UROLITHI,  Calculi,  urinary. 

UROLITHIASIS,  Lithia. 

UROLITHOLOG"IA,  from  ovpov,  \ido<:,  'a. 
stone,'  and  \oyos,  '  a  description.'  A  description 
of  urinary  calculi. 

UROLITHOTOMIA,  Lithotomy. 

UROLOGY,  Uronology. 

UROMANTI'A,  from  ovpov,  and  iiavreia,  'di- 
vination.' The  art  of  divining  diseases  by  sim- 
ple inspection  of  the  urine;  Urosco'pia.  One 
professing  to  be  able  to  do  this  is  called  Uroman'- 
tes.     Vulgarly,  a  loater-doctor,  water-caster. 

UROM'ELES,  (F.)  Uromele,  from  ovpa,  'a 
tail,'  and  niXos,  'a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters  in 
which  the  two  lower  limbs  are  united,  very  in- 
complete, and  terminated  by  a  single  foot,  which 
is  almost  always  imperfect,  and  the  sole  of  which 
is  turned  forwards.  —  I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

UROMPH'ALUS,  Her'nia  U'rachi.  A  mon- 
strosity, which  consists  in  the  protrusion  of  the 
urachus  at  the  umbilicus. 

URON,  Urine. 

URON'CUS,  from  ovpov,  and  oy.n  ,  'a.  swell- 
ing.'    A  urinary  swelling. 

URONOL'OGY,  Uronolor/'ia,  TJroVocjy,  Uro- 
log"ia,  from  ovpov,  and  Xoyoi,  'a  description.' 
The  part  of  medicine  which  treats  of  the  urine. 

UROPHTHISIS,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

UROPLA'NIA,  from  ovpov,  and  irXavj],  'wan- 
dering.' The  presence  of  urine  in  other  parts 
than  the  urinary  organs. 

UROPOE'SIS,  Uropo'ie'sis,  from  ovpov,  and 
roi£(o,  'I  make.'  Secre'tio  uri'iia  seu  lo'tii.  The 
secretion  of  urine  by  the  kidney. 

UROPOIESIS,  Uropoesis. 

UROPYGION,  Coccyx. 

UROPYGIUM,  Cronpion. 

URORHODINE,  see  Porphyruria. 

URORRHAGIA,  Diabetes. 

URORRHCEA,  Enuresis,  Diabetes. 

UROSCHEOCELE,  Urocele. 

UROSCOPIA,  see  Uromantia. 

URO'SES,  from  ovpov,  'urine.'  Diseases  of  the 
urinary  organs. — Alibert. 

UROS'TEALITH,  Urostedl'ithos,  from  ovpov, 
cTcap,  'suet,'  and  Xi0o;,  'stone.'  A  peculiar  fatty 
ingredient  of  urinary  calculi,  discovered  by 
Heller. 

UROSTENOSIS,  Urethrostenosis. 

UROUS  ACID,  Uric  oxide. 

UROZEMIA,  Diabetes  — u.  Albuminosa,  Kid- 
ney, Bright's  disease  of  the — u.  Mellita,  Diabetes 
mellitus. 

URRHODINB,  see  Porphyruria. 

URROSACINE,  see  Porphyruria. 

URTI'CA,  U.  Dioi'ca  seu  major  seu  Ttis'pida, 
Pi/r'ethrum,Ad'ice,  Common  stinging  nettle,  (Prov.) 
Ettle,  (F.)  Ortie.  Ord.  Urticacese.  Sex.  Sijst. 
Monoecia  Tetrandria.  This  plant  has  been  long 
used  for  medical  and  culinary  purposes.  The 
young  shoots,  in  the  spring,  are  considered  to 
possess  diuretic  and  antiscorbutic  properties.  The 
pain  produced  by  its  sting  is  well  known,  but  it 
is  not  to  be  compared  to  the  torture  occasioned 
by  Urtica  stim'ulans,  and  U.  crennla'ta  of  India; 
and,  still  less,  to  Urtica  urentiss'ima  of  Timor, 
which  is  called  by  the  natives  Daoiin  Selan, 
'  De oil's  leaf,'  on  account  of  the  persistence  and 
severity  of  the  pain. 

Urtica  Balearica,  U.  pilulifera  —  u.  Crenu- 
ia(a,  see  Urtioa  —  u.  Dioica,  Urtica  —  u.  Hispida, 
Urtica — u.  Iners  magna  f«tidissima,  Galeopsis — 
u.  Major,  U.  dioica — u.  Minor,  U.  urens — u.  Mor- 
cua,  Lamiura  album. 

UiiTicA  Pilulif'era,  U.  Pilulo'sa  seu  Roma'na 
seu    Balea'ricn,    PHl-hearing    Nettle,    (F.)    Ortie 


Romaine.  The  seed  was  formerly  given  in  dis- 
eases of  the  chest. 

Urtica  Pilulosa,  U.  pilulifera  —  u.  Romana, 
U.  pilulifera — u.  Stimulans,  see  Urtica. 

Urtica  Urens,  V.  minor,  Dwarf  nettle,  (F.) 
Ortie  hrulante.  A  lesser  variety  of  the  nettle, 
possessing  similar  virtues. 

Urtica  Urentissima,  see  Urtica. 

Nettles  have  been  used  as  stimulants  to  para- 
lytic limbs. 

URTICAIRE,  Urticaria. 

URTICA'RIA,  from  urtica,  'a  nettle,'  (nro,  'I 
burn ;')  Enanthe'sis  nrtiea'ria,  Ure'do,  Scarla- 
ti'na  seu  Fehris  seu  Par'2)ura  urtiea'ta,  Cnido'- 
sis,  Urtica'ria  porcel'lana,  JExanthe'ma  iirtiea'- 
tum,  Epinyc'tis  prurigino'sa,  Fehris  rubra  pruri- 
gino'sa,  Saltans  rosa,  (F.)  Urticaire,  Fievre 
Ortie,  Porcelaine,  Nettle-rash,  Nettle-springe ; 
vulgarly  Hives,  Bold  Hives;  from  urtica,  'a  net- 
tle,' because  the  eruption  resembles  that  produced 
by  the  stings  of  a  nettle.  A  disease  distinguished 
by  those  elevations  of  the  cuticle  called  tvheals. 
They  have  a  white  top,  and  are  often  surrounded 
by  a  diffuse  redness.  They  excite  intolerable 
itchitg,  especially  when  the  person  is  warm  in 
bed.  The  eruption  frequently  goes  and  comes 
once  or  more  in  the  24  hours,  and  is  generally 
dependent  upon  gastric  derangement.  In  some 
people,  nettle-rash  is  induced  by  shell-flsb,  eggs, 
nuts,  &c.  It  is  not  usually  a  disease  of  any  con- 
sequence, and  its  treatment  is  limited  to  the  use 
of  absorbent  laxatives,  and  simple  general  means. 
Willan  has  described  six  varieties  of  the  com- 
plaint: —  Urtica'ria  fehri'lis,  U.  evan'ida,  U. 
perstans,  U.  confer'ta,  U.  suhcuta'nca,  and  U. 
tubero'sa. 

Urticaria  Porcellana,  Essera,  Urticaria. 

URTICA'TIO,  Cnidu'sis,  Urtica'tion.  from  ur- 
tica, 'a  nettle.'  A  sort  of  flagellation,  with 
nettles; — used  with  the  intention  of  exciting  the 
skin. 

URUCU,  Terra  Orleana. 

URYLIC  ACID,  Uric  acid. 

USNEA,  Lichen  saxatilis  —  u.  Florida  hirta, 
Lichen  plicatus  —  u.  Hirta,  Lichen  plicatus  —  u. 
Plioata,  Lichen  plicatus. 

USSACU.  Hura  Brasiliensis. 

USTILAGO,  Ergot. 

USTIO,  Burn,  Ustion. 

USTIOjST,  Us'tio,  Causis,  from  urcre,  ustum,  'to 
burn.'  The  act  of  burning  or  of  applying  the 
actual  cautery.  Also,  the  effect  of  cauterization ; 
a  burn. 

USTULA'TIO,  Ustula'tion.  Same  etymon.  A 
pharmaceutical  operation  by  which  a  substance 
is  dried  by  heat.  It  is  often  restricted  to  the 
roasting  of  ores  to  drive  off  the  volatile  matters, 
as  in  the  case  of  arsenic. 

USUALIA,  Officinals. 

USUS,  Habit. 

UTER.  Uterus. 

UTERI  ADSCENSUS,  Hysteria— u.  Antever- 
sio,  Hysteroloxia  anterior — u.  Carcinoma,  Metro- 
carcinoma — -u.  Convulsivus  morbus,  Lorind  ma- 
tricis  —  u.  Coryza,  Leucorrhoea  —  u.  Exulceratio, 
Hysterelcosis — u.  Flexio,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Incli- 
natio,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Obliquitas,  Hysteroloxia 
—  u.  Pronatio,  Hysteroloxia  anterior  —  u.  Pruri- 
tus, Nymphomania  —  u.  Reflexio  completa,  Hys- 
teroloxia posterior — u.  Retroversio,  Hysteroloxia 
posterior  —  u.  Rheuma,  Leucorrhoea  —  u.  Ulcus, 
Hysterelcosis  —  u.  Yersio  incompleta,  Hystero- 
loxia. 

U'TERINE,  Uteri'nus,  from  nterus,  'the  womb.' 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  womb. 

Uterine  Artery,  Arte'ria  uteri'na  hypogaa'- 
triea.  Its  size  is  always  in  a  ratio  with  the 
greater  or  less  state  of  development  of  the  uterus. 
It  arises  from  the  hypogastric,  either  separately 


UTERINUS    FRATER 


951 


UTRICULUS 


or  with  the  umbilical,  or  from  the  internal  pudic  ; 
passes  upon  the  lateral  parts  of  the  vagina,  to 
which  it  gives  branches;  and  afterwards  ascends 
on  the  sides  of  the  uterus,  and  divides  into  a  con- 
siderable number  of  very  tortuous  branches, 
which  enter  the  tissue  of  the  organ. 

Uterine  Bougie,  Sound,  uterine. 

Uterine  Brother.  One  born  of  the  same 
mother,  but  of  a  different  father. 

Uterine  Glands,  Utricular  glands. 

Uterine  Muscle  of  Ruysch  consists  of  some 
fleshy  fibres  at  the  fundus  of  the  uterus,  which 
he  regarded  as  forming  a  particular  muscle. 

Uterine  Sound,  Sound,  uterine. 

UTERI'NUS  FRATER.  In  law,  a  brother 
by  the  mother's  side. 

UTERO-ABDOMINAL  SUPPORTER,  see 
Belt,  Russian. 

UTERO-GESTATION,  Pregnancy. 

UTEROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

U'TERUS,  OIl^Jap,  Utcr,  UtHc'ulus,  Vulva,  Loci, 
L.  mulie'hrea,  Vulva,  Venter,  Conceptac' ulum,  3Ia- 
trix,  Arvum  seu  Ager  natu'rcB,  Hys'tera,  3Ietra, 
Stera,  An'gus,  Delphys,  Alvus,  Eijompha'lion, 
Gaster,  Mater,  Nedys,  Postrcma,  the  Womb,  (Se.) 
Weam,  (Prov.)  Wein,  (F.)  Matrice,  Sein.  The 
uterus,  destined  to  lodge  the  fcetus  from  the  com- 
mencement of  conception  till  birth,  is  a  hollow 
symmetrical  organ,  having  the  shape  of  a  trun- 
cated conoid :  it  is  situate  in  the  pelvis,  between 
the  bladder  and  the  rectum,  above  the  vagina, 
and  below  the  convolutions  of  the  small  intestine. 
The  uterus  is  flattened  from  before  to  behind,  and 
is  nearly  an  inch  in  thickness.  It  is  two  inches 
broad  at  its  highest  part,  and  becomes  narrower 
towards  the  vagina;  terminating  in  a  contracted 
portion,  called  the  cervix  or  neck,  to  distinguish 
it  from  the  rest  of  the  organ,  called  the  iody. 
From  its  fundus  or  upper  portion,  the  Fallopian 
tubes  pass  off.  The  mouth  is  called  Os  U'teri, 
Os  TinccB,  Os  u'teri  extern'um,  Orijic'' ium  vagi- 
na'le.  At  the  point  where  the  body  of  the  uterus 
is  continuous,  below,  with  the  neck,  the  cavity  is 
slightly  constricted,  forming  what  is  sometimes 
named  the  internal  orifice,  Os  u'teri  intern' um,  Os 
intern'um,  Isthmus  seu  os'tium  u'teri,  Orific"inm 
uteri'nttm.  Between  these  is  the  Cana'lis  cervi'eis. 

The  cavity  of  the  uterus  is  very  small,  and  its 
parietes  are  thick.  The  portion  of  the  cavity  cor- 
responding with  the  body  is  triangular  and  flat- 
tened. Its  superior  angles  present  the  extremely 
fine  orifices  of  the  Fallopian  tubes.  The  cavity 
of  the  neck  is  slightly  dilated  before  opening  into 
the  vagina.  The  uterus  is  composed,  1.  Of  a 
serous  membrane.  This  is  external,  and  furnished 
by  the  peritoneum ;  which  is  reflected  upon  the 
uterus  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  bladder 
and  the  anterior  surface  of  the  rectum.  These 
folds  of  the  peritoneum  are  sometimes  called,  re- 
spectively, the  anterior  and  the  ^josierior  liga- 
ments. The  former  are  also  named  the  vesico- 
uterine and  the  latter  the  recto-uterine  folds  or 
plica  semiluna'res.  It  forms,  also,  the  broad 
ligaments  of  the  uterus,  Ligamen'ta  lata,  Ala  ves- 
pertilio'nis,  Re'tia  U'teri.  These  contain,  above, 
the  Fallopian  tube;  beneath  and  anteriorly,  the 
round  ligaments ;  and,  behind,  the  ovary.  They 
are  two  membranous  productions  or  duplicatures 
of  the  peritoneum,  sent  from  the  edges  of  the 
uterus  and  posterior  extremity  of  the  vagina,  in 
a  transverse  direction,  to  be  fixed  to,  and  line, 
the  side  of  the  pelvis.  2.  Of  a  mucous  membrane, 
which  is  a  prolongation  of  that  of  the  vagina,  and 
extends  into  the  tubes.  .3.  Of  a  proper  tissue, 
whose  thickness  is  considerable.  It  is  of  a  close 
texture;  is  grayish  and  elastic;  and  resists  the 
instrument  that  divides  it.  Its  intimate  nature 
is  but  little  known.  During  gestation  it  is  truly 
muscular.     The   arteries   of  the   uterus    proceed 


from  the  spermatic  and  hypogastric.  Its  veins 
follow  the  same  course,  and  bear  the  same  name 
as  the  arteries.  They  are  very  tortuous,  and 
form  large  sinuses  in  the  parietes  of  the  organ, 
called  U'terine  Si'nuses.  Its  nerves  proceed  from 
the  sciatic  and  hj'pogastric  plexuses.  Its  lym- 
phatic vessels  are  very  multiplied ;  and  during 
pregnancy  acquire  enormous  dimensions.  The 
changes  experienced  by  the  uterus  during  gesta- 
tion, and  after  delivery,  are  very  numerous  and 
important  to  be  known.  They  regard  its  situa- 
tion, direction,  size,  shape,  texture,  connexions, 
vital  properties,  &c. 

Uterus,  Abdomen  —  u.  Anteversion  of  the, 
Hysteroloxia  anterior. 

Uterus  Bif'idus.  A  double  uterus.  One  se- 
parated into  two  cavities. 

Uterus  Duplex,  Dihysteria  —  u.  Hour-glass 
contraction  of  the,  Chaton — u.  Inclinatus,  Hyster- 
oloxia. 

Uterus,  Ir'ritable,  Neural' gia  of  the  Uterus, 
A  disease  characterized  by  deep-seated  pain  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  and  in  the  back 
and  loins  ;  generally  diminished  by  l3'ing  down, 
and  increased  by  exercise,  and  more  severe  for  a 
few  days  preceding  and  during  menstruation. 
On  examination  pier  vaginam,  the  uterus  is  found 
to  be  tender  on  pressure,  3JetrypercBsthe'ais ;  and 
the  cervix  and  body  slightly  swollen,  but  not 
usually  indurated.  It  is  an  obstinate  affection, 
but  frequently  ends  of  itself  after  years  of  suffer- 
ing. The  treatment  must  be,- — the  horizontal 
posture;  local  blood-letting  to  the  uterus;  emol- 
lients; soothing  injections;  narcotics,  warm  bath, 
&c.     See  Hysteralgia. 

Uterus,  Inversion  of  the,  Inver'sio  U'teri, 
Metranas'trophe,  JEdopto'sis  Uteri  inver'sa,  (F.) 
Inversion  ou  Henversement  de  la  Ifatrice.  The 
uterus,  displaced  and  turned  inside  out.  This 
can  only  happen  through  want  of  caution  on  the 
part  of  the  medical  practitioner.  It  is  a  fatal 
accident,  unless  speedily  reduced.  This  must  be 
done  by  gradually  returning  the  superior  part,  by 
grasping  it  with  the  hand,  and  making  the  rest 
follow. 

Uterus  Masculinus,  see  Ejaculatory  ducts  — 
u.  Obliquus,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Retroversion  of 
the,  Hysteroloxia  posterior. 

Uterus,  Rupture  of  the,  Metrorrhex'is,  Eys- 
terorrhex' is,  Riiptu'ra  seu  Perfora'tio  Uteri,  La- 
ceration of  the  Womb,  (F.)  Rupture  ou  Dechirure 
de  la  Jlfatrice.  This  dreadful  accident  occurs 
during  labour,  and  is  known  to  have  taken  place, 
when  the  child's  head  suddenly  recedes  during  a 
pain,  with  vomiting,  sinking  of  the  pulse,  cold 
sweats,  &o.  When  it  is  evident  that  this  has  oc- 
curred, the  hand  must  be  passed  into  the  uterus, 
and  the  feet  of  the  child  be  brought  down. 

Cases  are  on  record,  in  which  partial  lacera- 
tions of  the  uterus  have  healed,  and  the  patient 
has  done  well.  This  is  a  rare  event,  and  not  to 
be  anticipated. 

UTRICLE,  see  Semicircular  canals. 
U'tricle,  Primor'dial,  Utric'ulus  primordia' - 
lis.  A  delicate  membrane,  of  protein  composi- 
tion, which  lines  the  cell  wall  of  vegetable  struc- 
tures, and  from  the  exterior  of  which  the  layer 
of  cellulose  is  secreted. 

UTRICULAR,  Utricula'ris ;  from  utriculus, 
(diminutive  of  uter,  utris,)  'a  small  bag  or  bot- 
tle.' Relating  to  or  resembling  a  small  bag  or 
bottle. 

Utricular  Glands,  Glan'dula  utricula'res 
seu  uteri'ncB.  The  glands  or  follicles  in  the  inte- 
rior of  the  uterus,  which  are  concerned  in  the 
formation  of  the  decidua. 

UTRICULUS,  see  Ejaculatory  ducts.  Uterus — 
u.  Communis,  see  Semicircular  canals — u.  Lac- 
teus,  Receptaculum  chyli — u.  Primordialis,  Utri- 


UVA 


952 


VACCINA 


cle,  primordial  —  u.  Prostaticus,  see  Ejaculatory 
ducts. 

UVA,  Uvula,  see  Vitis  vinifera — u.  Inversa, 
Paris — u.  Lupina,  Paris — u.  Passa,  see  Vitis  vini- 
fera— u.  Ursi,  see  Arbutus  uva  ursi — u.  Vulpina, 
Paris. 

UvjE  CorinthiacjE,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

VvjE  Pass^,  Rhages,  Dried  Grajjes,  Raisins, 
see  Vitis  vinifera. 

UviE  PASS.E  Majores,  see  Vitis  vinifera  —  u. 
Passse  minores,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca  —  u.  Passse 
sole  siccatse,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

UVARIA  TRILOBA,  see  Carica  papaya. 

UVATIO,  Ceratocele,  Staphyloma. 

U'VEA,  from  uva,  'an  unripe  grape.'  Tu'nica 
acino'sa  seu  acinifor'mis  seu  uva'lis  seu  acina'lis 
seu  uvi/or'mis  seu  rhago'ides  seu  uvea  seu  perfo- 
ra'ta,  Ilenihrana  uvea,  Rhago'i'des,  Rhox,  (F.) 
Vvee.  Some  anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
the  choroid  coat  of  the  eye ;  others,  to  the  poste- 
rior layer  of  the  iris,  on  account  of  the  black  and 
very  thick  varnish  that  covers  it.     See  Iris. 

Uvea,  Commissure  of  the,  Ciliary  ligament. 

UVSE,  Uvea. 

UVEI'TIS;  a  word  of  hybrid  formation;  from 
wvea,  '  the  uvea,'  and  ids,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion ;  properly,  RhagodeVtis.  Inflammation  of 
the  uvea.     See  Iritis. 

UVIGENA,  Uvula. 

UVIGERA,  Uvula. 

U'VULA,  diminutive  of  Mwof,  'a  grape.'  Pin- 
nae'ulum  for'nieis  guttura'iie,  Uva,  Staph' yle, 
TintinnaV ulum,  Columel'la,  Cion,  Ci'onis,  Gar- 
ga'reon,  Colum'na  oris,  Gurgu'lio,  Intersejj'tum, 
Processus  seu  Cartila'go  U'vifer,  Uvig"ena,  Uvig"- 
era.  Pap  of  the  Throat,  Himas,  Plectrum,  Suh- 
lin'gua,  Suhlin'guiuni,  (Sc.)  Pap  of  the  Hass,  (P.) 


Liiette.  A  fleshy  appendix  or  prolongation,  which 
hangs  from  the  middle  or  free  edge  of  the  velum 
palati.  The  uvula  has  a  conical  shape,  and  is  of 
a  greater  or  less  size  in  individuals.  It  is  formed, 
especially,  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  velum 
palati;  and  contains,  within  it,  the  azygos  uvulae 
muscle.     Its  use  is  not  clear. 

Also,  a  small  prominence  or  lobule  in  the  por- 
tion of  the  cerebellum  that  forms  the  posterior 
boundary  of  the  fourth  ventricle,  U'vula  cere- 
bell'i.  It  is  on  the  median  line,  and  behind  the 
nodulus. 

Uvula,  see  Vermiform  process  inferior  —  u. 
Cerebelli,  see  Uvula — u.  Decidua,  Staphyloedema 
—  u.  Relaxata,  Staphyloedema  —  u.  Vesicae,  see 
Urinary  bladder  —  u.  Vesical,  see  Urinary  blad- 
der. 

U'VULAR,  Uvula' ris,  from  uvida.  That  which 
belongs  to  the  uvula. 

Uvular  Glands  are  small  follicles,  belonging 
to  the  mucous  membrane  covering  the  uvula. 

UVULARIA,  so  called  from  the  flowers  hang- 
ing like  the  uvula  [?],  Rusous  hypoglossum. 

Uvula'ria  Perfolia'ta,  Smaller  Bellwort ; 
indigenous  ;  Order,  Melanthacess  ;  flowering  in 
May  and  June.  The  root,  when  fresh,  is  subacrid 
and  mucilaginous.  A  decoction  of  the  plant  is 
used  in  sore  mouth.  It  is  said  to  cure  the  bites 
of  rattlesnakes. 

UvuLARiA  Grandiflo'ra  and  U.  Sessilifo'lia 
have  similar  properties. 

UVULI'TIS,  a  word  of  hybrid  formation,  from 
uvida,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Angi'na 
uvula'ris,  Staphyli'tis,  Cioni'tis,  Injlamnia'tio 
u'vidcB,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  Luette,  Falling 
down  of  the  Palate.  Inflammation  of  the  uvula. 
When  to  a  slight  degree,  Hyposta'phyW tis. 


Y. 


VACCIN,  see  Vaccina. 

VACCI'NA,  V.  primig"ena  seu  vaccinato'ria 
seu  antivariolo'sa,  Vaccin'ia,  Yari'ola  vaccina,  V. 
vaccin'ica  seu  tuto'ria  seu  tutrix,  Exanthe'ma 
vaccina  seu  antivariolo'sum,  Syn'ocha  vaccina, 
Em'phlysis  vaccina  inser'ta,  Vacci'ola,  V.  sciitel- 
la'ta,  V.  vera,  Vari'olcB  tuto'rim,  Cow-pox,  Kine 
Poch,  Inoc'ulated  Oow-pox,  from  vacea,  'a  cow  ;' 
(P.)  Vaccine.  The  cow-pox  is  a  disease  of  the 
cow,  arising  spontaneously,  which,  if  transmitted 
to  man  by  means  of  inoculation,  may  preserve 
him  from  small-pox  contagion.  The  promulga- 
tion of  this  valuable  property  of  the  vaccine 
virus  is  due  to  Dr.  Jenner.  When  inoculating 
for  small-pox  in  Gloucestershire,  in  1775,  he  was 
surprised  to  meet  with  a  number  of  persons  in 
the  same  district,  on  whom  the  insertion  of  the 
virus  produced  no  effect,  although  they  had  never 
passed  through  small-pox.  On  investigation, 
he  found  that  all  these  persons  had  previously 
been  affected  by  a  pustular  eruption  of  the  cow, 
which  they  had  taken  by  milking  the  animal ; 
and  which  eruption  they  called  Cow-pox.  This 
discovery  induced  him  to  institute  experiments, 
and  he  found  that  such  preservative  effect  actu- 
ally existed.  The  Vaccine  Virus,  Virus  Vacci'- 
num,  (F.)  Vaccin  or  the  fluid  of  the  eruption,  is 
not  now  usually  taken  immediately  from  the  cow  ; 
experience  having  demonstrated  that  it  is  nearly 
as  eflicacious  when  obtained  from  the  human 
vesicle.  The  characteristic  of  cow-pox  eruption 
Is:  —  a  semi-transparent,  pearl-coloured  vesicle, 


with  a  circular  or  somewhat  oval  base;  its  upper 
surface,  until  the  end  of  the  8th  day,  being  more 
elevated  at  the  margin  than  in  the  centre;  and 
the  margin  itself  being  turgid,  shining,  and 
rounded,  so  as  often  to  extend  a  little  over  the 
line  of  the  base.  This  vesicle  is  filled  with  clear 
lymph,  contained  in  numerous  little  cells,  that 
communicate  with  each  other.  After  the  8th  or 
9th  day  from  the  insertion  of  the  virus,  it  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  bright  red,  circumscribed  areola, 
which  varies  in  its  diameter,  in  different  cases, 
from  a  quarter  of  an  inch  to  two  inches ;  and  is 
usually  attended  with  a  considerable  tumour,  and 
hardness  of  the  adjoining  areolar  membrane. 
This  areola  declines  on  the  11th  or  12th  day ;  the 
surface  of  the  vesicle  then  becomes  brown  in  the 
centre ;  and  the  fluid  in  the  cells  gradually  con- 
cretes into  a  hard,  rounded  scab  or  crust,  of  a 
reddish-brown  colour,  which  at  length  becomes 
darker,  contracted,  and  dry,  hut  is  not  detached 
till  three  weeks  after  vaccination.  It  leaves  a 
permanent,  circular  cicatrix,  about  five  lines  in 
diameter,  and  a  little  depressed;  the  surface 
being  marked  with  very  minute  pits  or  indenta- 
tions, denoting  the  number  of  cells  of  vphich  the 
vesicle  had  been  composed.  This  is  the  progress 
of  the  genuine  cow-pox.  At  times,  fever  occurs 
about  the  9th  or  11th  day;  but,  at  others,  not  the 
slightest  indisposition  is  felt.  Aberrations  from 
this  progress  occur,  which  must  be  attended  to ; 
as  the  same  preservative  influence  is  not  exerted 
by  irregular  or  spurious  cow-pox.     If  the  erup- 


VACCINAL 


953 


VAGINAL 


tion  runs  speedily  to  a  height,  has  an  areola  too 
early,  is  irregular  at  its  edges,  and  contains  pus 
instead  of  a  limpid  fluid,  —  it  cannot  at  all  be 
depended  upon. 

Small- pox  occurs,  occasionally,  as  an  epidemic 
after  vaccination.  For  a  while,  the  enthusiastic 
advocates  of  vaccination  would  not  admit  the 
aifeetion  to  be  small-pox;  and,  accordingly,  they 
gave  it  the  name  Varioloid.  It  is  unquestionably 
small-pox,  but  modified,  and  greatly  divested  of 
its  terrors  by  previous  vaccination ;  and  it  is 
said  to  happen  less  frequently  after  vaccination 
than  after  small-pox  inoculation.  Vaccination  is 
now  practised  everywhere,  except  among  those 
in  whom  ignorance  and  prejudice  exclude  the 
lights  of  reason  and  philanthropy.  There  is 
ground,  however,  for  the  belief,  that  for  full  pro- 
tection revaceination  may  be  occasionally  neces- 
sary. 

Vaccina  Antivabiolosa,  Vaccina  — v.  Primi- 
gena.  Vaccina — v.  Tutoria,  Vaccina  —  v.  Tutrix, 
Vaccina  —  v.  Vaccinatoria,  Vaccina. 

VACCINAL,  Vaccine. 

VACCINA'TIOiSr,  Vaccina'tio,  from  vacca,  'a 
cow ;'  Cow-2)ox  inoculation,  Jenne'rian  inocula- 
tion. An  operation  which  consists  in  inserting 
the  vaccine  virus  under  the  cuiicle,  so  that  it  may 
come  in  contact  with  the  absorbents.  It  is  ex- 
tremely simple,  and  requires  merely  that  the 
point  of  the  lancet  should  be  held  under  the 
cuticle  for  a  short  time.  The  best  time  for  taking 
the  matter  from  the  Cow-pox  vesicle,  for  vacci- 
nation, is  about  the  7th  or  8th  day,  before  the 
appearance  of  the  areola,  when  it  ought  to  be 
limpid  and  transparent.  The  most  certain  me- 
thod is,  to  pass  it  from  arm  to  arm ;  but  this  is 
not  always  convenient;  and,  hence  it  is  taken 
upon  points  or  pieces  of  quill,  or  between  glasses. 
It  must,  of  course,  be  softened  for  use.  This  is 
done  by  means  of  a  little  water,  which  does  not 
destroy  its  efficiency.  The  scab,  too,  which  falls 
off  about  the  end  of  three  weeks — sooner  or  later 
—  is  capable  of  communicating  the  affection,  if 
dissolved  in  water;  and  this  is  the  most  common 
method  of  transmitting  the  vaccine  virus  in  some 
countries. 

VAC'CIiSrATOR,  Vac'cinist.  One  who  inocu- 
lates for  the  cow-pox. 

VACCINE,  Vaccina. 

Vaccine,  Vacci'nus,  Vaccina' Us,  (F.)  Vaccinal ; 
same  etymon.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  vac- 
cination, as  the  'vaccine  vesicle,'  'a  vaccine  phy- 
sician.' 

VACCINEL'LA.  A  term  employed  by  some 
to  designate  spurious  cow-pox.  Vaccin'o'is,  Vac- 
ci'ola  spu'ria  seu  lepro'sa,  (F.)  Vaccinelle,  Vac- 
cinoide. 

VACCINIA,  Vaccina — v.  Palustris,  Vaccinium 
oxycoccos. 

VACCINIST,  Vaccinator. 

VACCINIUM  MACROCARPON,  see  V.  oxy- 
coccos. 

Vaccin'ium  Mtrttl'ltjs,  either  corrupted  from 
hyacinthus,  or,  and  more  probably,  baccinium; 
from  haccce,  'berries,'  in  allusion  to  its  fruit. 
Vitis  idce'a  myrtil'lus,  Vaccin'ia  myrtil'lus,  Vac- 
cin'inm  nigrum,  Myrtle  Berry,  Bilberry,  Blea- 
lerry,  Whortle-herry,  Black  Whorts,  (So.)  Blae- 
berry, (Prov.)  Hurtleberry,  Whimberry,  (F.)  Ai- 
relle  Ancfuleuse,  Raisin  de  Bois.  Ord.  Vaccinieje. 
Sex.  Syst.  Octandria  Monogynia.  The  berries — 
BacccB  Myrtillo'rum  —  are  esteemed  to  be  anti- 
scorbutic, when  prepared  with  vinegar.  They 
are  also  said  to  possess  antiseptic  and  sub-astrin- 
gent properties  when  dried.  They  are  not  used 
in  medicine;  but  are  frequently  eaten  with  milk 
and  sugar. 

Vaccinium  Nigrum,  V.  myrtillus. 

Vaccinium  Oxycoc'cos,  Oxycoc'cos,  0.  pahw'- 


tris,  Schollera  oxycoccos.  Vaccinia  palus' trig,  Vitis 
IdcB'a  palus'tris,  Moorberry,  Cranberry,  Moss- 
berry,  Swamp  Jiedberry,  Sourberry,  (F.)  Canne- 
bergc.  The  berries  are  pleasantly  acid  and  cool- 
ing. They  make  an  agreeable  preserve.  The 
common  American  Cranberry  is  from  Vaccinium 
macrocarpon. 

Vaccinium  Pennsylvan'icum,  Low  Blueberry. 
The  leaves  and  bark  of  the  root  are  astringent. 

Vaccinium  Punctatum,  V.  vitis  idsea — v.  Re- 
sinosum,  Gaylussacia  resinosa. 

Vaccinium  Stamin'eum,  Buchberry,  Sqnaio 
Huckleberry,  Beerberry.  The  leaves  of  these 
plants  are  astringent. 

Vaccinium  Vitis  Id^'a,  V.  puneta'tum,  Vitis 
Idm'a  fjuncta' ta,  Am'pelos  Ida'u,  Red  Bilberry, 
(Sc.)  Brawlins,  Alpine  Cranberry,  Whortleberry, 
Cowberry,  (F.)  Airelle  ou  Canneberge  pionctuee. 
A  decoction  of  the  leaves  has  been  used  in  cal- 
culous affections.  They  are  astringent.  The 
ripe  berries  are  pleasantly  acid,  and  refrigerant. 
Whortleberries  are  furnished  by  different  species 
of  Vaccinium. 

VACCINOTBE,  Vaccinella. 

VACCINOIS,  Vaccinella. 

VACCINUS,  Vaccine. 

VACCIOLA,  Vaccina  —  v.  Leprosa,  Vaccinella 
—  V.  Scutellata,  Vaccina  —  v.  Spuria,  Vaccinella 
— V.  Vera,  Vaccina. 

VACILLA'TIO,  Tituba'tio,  from  vacillare,  'to 
waver.'  Staggering  ;  waddling  —  claudica'tio 
anat'ica. 

Vacillatio  Dentium,  Odontoseisis. 

VAGIN,  Vagina. 

VAGI'NA,  'a  sheath,'  V.  mulie'bris  seu  uteri' - 
na  seu  U'teri  seu  Penis,  Sinus  mulie'bris  seu  Pu- 
do'ris  seu  Puden'di,  Col'eus,  Peris,  Perin,  Colpos, 
Vulvo-uterine  canal,  (F.)  Vagin,  Conduit  de  la 
pudeur.  A  cylindrical  canal,  five  or  six  inches 
long;  situate  within  the  pelvis,  between  the 
bladder  and  rectum.  It  communicates  by  one 
extremity.  Aulas,  with  the  vulva;  by  the  other. 
Fornix  seu  Fundus,  with  the  womb,  Pars  seu 
Portio  vagina'lis  u'teri,  the  neck  of  which  it  em- 
braces. The  vagina  is  lined,  internally,  by  a 
mucous  membrane  ;  and  is  partly  closed,  in  young 
females,  by  the  hymen,  and  carunculse  myrti- 
formes.  Around  the  mucous  membrane  is  a  layer 
of  spongy,  erectile  tissue ;  and  a  cellulo-vascular 
membrane.  A  constrictor  muscle;  numerous 
vessels  furnished  by  the  vaginal  artery,  particu- 
larly; veins  and  nerves,  proceeding  from  the 
sciatic  plexus,  also,  enter  into  the  composition  of 
the  organ. 

The  term  Vagina  or  sheath,  Theca,  is  extended 
to  many  parts,  which  serve  as  envelopes  to  others. 

Sheath,  (F.)  Oaine,  is  sometimes  applied  to  the 
fascia  enveloping  the  limbs ;  to  areolar  mem- 
brane, enveloping  the  muscles,  and  entering  be- 
tween their  fibres;  to  that  which  surrounds  the 
blood-vessels;  to  the  synovial  membranes  sur- 
rounding tendons,  and  lining  the  gutters  of 
bones,  &c. 

Vagina  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  v.  Femoris, 
Fascia  lata  aponeurosis — v.  Funiculi  Umbilicalis, 
see  Funiculus  umbilicalis  —  v.  Glissonii,  Capsule 
of  Glisson — V.  Malleolaris  externa,  Retinaculum 
tendinum  perinasorum — v.  Muliebris,  Vagina — v. 
Muscularis,  Perimysium  —  v.  Nervorum,  Neuri- 
lemma—v.  Penis,  Vagina — v.  Pili,  see  Hair — v. 
Portae,  Capsule  of  Glisson  —  v.  Uterina,  Vagina. 

Vagina  op  the  Vena  Porta,  Sheath  of  the 
Vena  Porta,  (F.)  Game  de  la  Veine-porle,  is  the 
areolar  membrane  that  accompanies  the  divisions 
of  the  vena  porta  into  the  substance  of  the  liver. 

VAGINA  SYNOVIALES,  Bursje  mucosa. 

VAG"INAL,  Vagina' lis,{roni  vagina,  'asheath.' 
Relating  or  pertaining  to  a  sheath. 

Vaginal  Artery.     This  exists,  as  a  matter  of 


VAGINITIS 


954 


VALVULA 


course,  only  in  the  female.  It  arises  from  the 
hypogastric  or  from  the  uterine,  vesical,  internal 
pudic,  umbilical,  &c.,  and  sends  its  branches, 
first  to  the  lateral  parts  of  the  vagina,  and  after- 
wards to  the  anterior  and  posterior  surfaces. 

Vaginal  Bil'iary  Plexus.  A  plexus  of  rami- 
fications of  the  hepatic  duct  through  the  capsule 
of  Glisson. 

Vaginal  Branches  of  the  Vena  Porta  are 
those  which  have  to  pass  through  the  sheath  of 
the  capsule  of  Glisson,  previous  to  entering  the 
interlobular  spaces.  In  this  course,  they  form 
the  vaginal  plexus.  There  are,  also,  vaginal 
branches,  and  a  vaginal  plexus  formed  by  the 
hepatic  artery. 

Vaginal  Coat  of  the  Eye,  see  Eye. 

Vaginal  Coat  of  the  Testicle,  Tu'nica  Va- 
gina'lis  seu  ElytroV des  seu  Elytro'des,  is  the  se- 
rous membrane  which  envelops  the  testicle.  Be- 
fore the  descent  of  the  testicle,  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis does  not  exist.  It  is  formed  by  a  prolonga- 
tion, furnished  by  the  peritoneum  to  the  testicle 
when  it  issues  from  the  abdomen.  The  tunica 
vaginalis  forms  a  close  sac,  investing  the  testicle 
and  epididymis,  without  cantaining  them  in  its 
cavity,  and  reflected  so  as  to  form  a  bag  around 
the  circumference  of  the  testis;  hence  it  is  divided 
into  Tu'nica  vagina'lis  pro'pria  and  Tu'nica  va- 
gina'lis  reflex'a.  Between  the  two  layers,  the 
inner  surface  is  smooth,  and  lubricated  by  a 
serous  fluid. 

Vaginal  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  ganglion. 

Vaginal  Plexus,  see  Vaginal  branches  of  the 
vena  porta. 

Vaginal  Process  of  the  Temporal  Bone, 
(F.)  Apophyse  vaginale  ou  engainante,  Game  de 
I'apophyse  stylo'ide,  Ghaton,  is  a  bony  crista,  which 
embraces  the  base  of  the  styloid  process. 

Vaginal  Pulse,  Pulse,  vaginal. 

VAGINITIS,  Leucorrhoea  (vaginal.) 

VAGINO-VESICAL,  Vesico-vaginal. 

VAGISSEMENT,  Cry,  Vagitus. 

VAGI'TUS,  (F.)  Vagissement.  The  cry  of  the 
new-born  child.     Squalling. 

Vagi'tus  Uteri'nus.  The  cry  of  the  child  in 
utero. 

VAGUS  NEKVUS,  Pneumogastric. 

VAIRON  (F.),  Bispar  oc'ulus.  One  who  has 
eyes  of  different  colours.  It  also  means  a  wall- 
eyed animal,  or  one  whose  iris  is  surrounded  by  a 
whitish  circle. 

VAISSEAU,  Vessel  — f.  Sanguin,  Blood- 
vessel. 

VAISSEA  UX  OAPILL  AIRES,  Capillary 
vessels  —  v.  Chyliferes,  Chyliferous  vessels  —  v. 
Lades,  Chyliferous  vessels — v.  Lactiferes,  Lacti- 
ferous vessels  —  v.  Ombilicaux,  Umbilical  vessels 
—  V.  Tourhillonnes,  Vasa  vorticosa. 

VALANIDA,  Fagus  sylvatica. 

VALANTIA  APARINE,  Galium  aparine. 

VALERIAN,  AMERICAN,  Cypripedium  lu- 
teum,  Valeriana  pauciflora — v.  Garden,  Valeriana 
phu  —  V.  Greek,  Polemonium  reptans  —  v.  Offici- 
nal, Valeriana— V.  Wild,  Senecio  aureus,  Valeri- 
ana, V.  pauciflora. 

VALERIA'NA,  V.  officina'lis  seu  minor,  Leu- 
colaeh'amim,  Wild  or  6ffic"inal  Valerian.  Ord. 
Valerianaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Monogynia. 
The  root,  Valeria'na  (Ph.  U".  S.),  has  been  long 
extolled  as  an  efficacious  remedy  in  epilepsy,  and 
in  a  variety  of  nervous  complaints.  It  has  been 
also  advised  as  a  tonic,  antispasmodic,  and  em- 
menagogue.  It  has  a  strong,  fetid  odour;  bit- 
terish, subacrid,  and  warm  taste ;  and  its  virtues 
are  extracted  by  water  and  alcohol.  The  dis- 
tilled oil  is  officinal  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States. 

_  Valeriana  Capen'sis,  a  South  African  spe- 
cies, has  similar  virtues. 


Valeriana  Celt'ica,  F.  Saxat'ilis,Spica  CeV- 
tica  seu  Cel'tica  Dioscor'idis  seu  Alpi'na,  Nardus 
Cel'tica,  Saliiin'ca,  Nardum  Gall'icum,  Celtic 
Nard,  (F.)  Nard  Celtique.  The  roots  of  this 
Alpine  plant  have  been  recommended  as  a  sto- 
machic, carminative  and  diuretic.  It  has  a  mo- 
derately strong  smell,  and  a  warm,  bitterish,  sub- 
acrid  taste. 

Valeriana  Denta'ta,  V.  locus'ta.  Com  Salad. 
A  wholesome,  succulent  plant,  cultivated  in  Eu- 
rope as  a  salad.  It  is  antiscorbutic  and  gently 
aperient. 

Valeriana  Major,  V.  phu  —  v.  Locusta,  V. 
dentata  —  v.  Minor,  Valeriana  —  v.  Officinalis, 
Valeriana. 

Valeriana  Pauciflo'ra,  American  or  Wild 
Vale'rian,  and  V.  sylvat'ica,  have  the  properties 
of  the  other  Valerians. 

Valeriana  Phu,  V.  major,  Garden  Valerian, 
(F.)  Grande  Valeriane.  The  root  has  been  re- 
commended in  rheumatism;  especially  in  sciatica, 
and  in  epilepsy. 

Valeriana  Saxatilis,  V.  celtica  —  v.  Spica, 
Nardus  Indica  —  v.  Sylvatica,  see  V.  pauciflora. 

VALERIANE,   GRANDE,  Valeriana  phu. 

VALET  A  PATIN  (F.),  Volsel'la  Pati'ni. 
The  common  ligature  forceps  is  a  modification  of 
this  instrument  invented  by  one  Patin.  It  con- 
sists of  two  branches,  united  at  the  middle  by  a 
hinge,  which  may  be  separated  or  approximated 
by  means  of  a  screw  or  running  ring.  It  is  used 
for  seizing  hold  of  vessels  that  are  to  be  tied. 

VALETUDINAIRE,  Valetudinary. 

VALETUDINARIUM,  Hospital. 

VALETUDINARIUS,  Sickly,  Valetudinary. 

VALETU'DINARY,  Valetudina'rian,  Valetu- 
dina'rius,  Inval'idiis,  (F.)  Valetudinaire,  from 
valetudo,  'health,'  valeo,  'to  be  well.'  One  of 
delicate  health.  One  subject  to  frequent  diseases. 
An  Invalid. 

VALETUDO,  Sanitas — v.  Adversa,  Disease — 
V.  Bona,  Sanitas — v.  Commoda,  Sanitas — v.  Se- 
cunda,  Sanitas. 

VALGUS,  see  Cnemoscoliosis  and  Kyllosis. 

VALIGA,  Tinctura  jalapii. 

VALITUDO,  Sanitas. 

VALLECULA,  Valley— v.  Unguis,  see  Nail. 

VALLEY,  Vallec'ula,  V.  Rcil'ii,  (diminutive 
of  vallis,  'a  valley.')  (F.)  Grand  Scissure  3Ie- 
diane  du  Cervelet.  The  deep  fissure  on  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  cerebellum,  which  divides  it  into 
two  symmetrical  portions. 

VALLUM.  The  eyebrow  or  supercilium.  Also, 
a  species  of  bandage.  —  Galen. 

VALS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  French 
acidulous  chalybeate  at  Vals,  six  leagues  from 
Viviers,  in  the  department  of  Ardeche.  There 
are  five  springs,  containing  carbonic  acid,  sul- 
pha.te  of  iron,  and  alum.  They  are  employed  in 
passive  hemorrhages,  leucorrhoea,  &o. 

VALVE,  Val'vula,  Diclis,  (F.)  Valvule,  from 
valvtB,  'folding-doors,'  itself  from  voho,  'I  fold 
up.'  A  small  door.  Any  membrane  or  duplica- 
ture  of  a  membrane,  which  prevents  a  reflux  of 
humours  or  other  matters  in  the  vessels  and 
canals  of  the  animal  body.  There  are  some 
valves,  whose  functions  appear  to  be,  —  to  retard 
or  to  modify  the  course  of  substances  along  canals, 
&o.  See  mitral,  sigmoid,  tricusjnd,  ileo-ccecal 
valve,  (fcc. 

Valve  of  Fallopius,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v, 
Ileo-coecal,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v.  Ileo-colic,  Bau- 
hin, valve  of — V.  of  Tulpius,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v. 
of  Varolius,  Bauhin,  valve  of. 

VALVES,  KERKRINGIAN,  Valvule  conni- 
ventes  —  v.  Semilunar,  Sigmoid  valves. 

VALVULA,  Valve— V.  Cseci,  Bauhin,  valve  of 
— V.  Cerebelli,  Valvula  Vieussenii — v.  Coli,  Bau- 


VALVULiE   BICUSPIDALES        955 


VARICOCELE 


bin,  valve  of — v.  Foraminis  ovalis,  Ovalis  fossa 

—  V.  Guiffartiana,  see  Thebesius,  veins  of — v. 
Dei,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v.  Magna  Cerebri,  V. 
Vieussenii. 

Valvula  Semiluna'ris,  Plica  Semiluna'ris 
seu  luna'ta,  llembran'ula  semiluna'ris  conjuncti'- 
va.  A  small  doubling  of  the  tunica  conjunctiva, 
(vhich  lies  between  the  caruncula  lacrymalis  and 
4he  ball  of  the  eye.  In  birds,  this  is  large,  and 
called  lleinhra'na  nic'titans  seu  Pal'pehra  ter'tia. 

Valvula  Tarini,  Velum  medullare  posterius 

—  V.  Thebesii,  see  Thebesius,  veins  of — v.  Va- 
ginje,  Hymen  —  v.  VenaB  magnae,  see  Thebesius, 
ealve  of. 

Valvula  Vieusse'nii,  V.  cerehel'U  seu  Wil- 
lisia'na  seu  magna  cer'ebri,  Velum  Vieusse'nii  seu 
interjee'tum  eerebelli,  V.  apoph'ysi  vermiformi  ob- 
tentum,  V.  medulla're  seu  medulla're  anti'cum  seu 
ttnte'riiis,  Lacu'nar  ventric'uli  quarti  superior,  (F.) 
Valvule  de  Vieussens,  Voile  medullaire  superieure. 
A  thin,  medullary  lamina,  over  the  under  end  of 
the  Aquseduetus  Sylvii  and  upper  part  of  the 
fourth  ventricle.  At  the  sides  of  the  valves  are 
two  medullary  tracts,  called  Process'us  ad  Testes, 
Colum'ncB  Val'vulcB  Vieussenii  or  Oblique  inter- 
:er'ebral  Com'missure. 

VAtvuLA  Wjllisiana,  Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VALVULiE  BICUSPIDALES,  Mitral  valves. 

ValvuLjE  Conniten'teS,  v.  C.  Kerkrin'gii, 
Plica  conniven'tes,  Kerkrin' gian  valves.  Nume- 
rous circular  folds  in  the  intestinal  canal  from  the 
pyloric  orifice  through  the  greater  part  of  the 
Bmall  intestine.  They  are  folds  of  the  mucous 
membrane;  and  their  chief  use  appears  to  be,  to 
retard  the  course  of  the  alimentary  mass,  and  to 
aiTord  a  larger  surface  for  the  origin  of  chyliferous 
vessels. 

Valvul^e  Cordis,  Ostiola  cordis — v.  Cordis 
mitrales,  Mitral  valves  —  v.  Triglochines,  Tricus- 
pid valves  —  V.  Trisulcse,  Tricuspid  valves. 

VALVULE, YaXwt — v.  d'Eustache,  Eustachian 
valve — v.  de  Pylore,  see  Pylorus — v.  de  Vieussens, 
Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VALVULES  EPISCOPALES,  Mitral  valves 
— V.  Sigmoides  ou  Semilunaires,  Sigmoid  valves. 

VANDEL'LIA  DIFFU'SA.  A  native  of  Bra- 
ill,  Guiana  and  Isle  of  France;  Order,  Scrophu- 
lariacea;;  is  used  there  as  an  antibilious  emetic 
and  antiperiodic;  and  is  regarded  as  an  effica- 
cious remedy  in  malignant  fever  and  dysentery, 
especially  in  cases  connected  with  a  disordered 
state  of  the  liver. 

VANELLOE,  Vanilla. 

VANIL'LA,  Banil'ia,  Banilas,  Banilloes,  Ba- 
nilla,  Benzo'enil,  Ar'acus  aromat'icus,  (F.)  Va- 
nille,  Baiime  de  Vanille.  The  Vanelloe — Sil'iqua 
vanill'cB  seu  BaniU'cB  seu  Vaniglice  seu  vanillice 
seu  Ar'aci  aromat'iei  —  is  a  long,  flattish  pod; 
containing,  under  a  wrinkled,  brittle  shell,  a  red- 
dish-brown pulp,  with  small,  shining,  black  seeds. 
The  parasitic  plant  which  affords  this  pod  is  the 
Epiden'drum  Vanilla,  Vanilla  aromat'ica  seu 
Mexica'na,  and  other  species.  Family,  Orchida- 
ceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Gynandria  Monandria.  Vanel- 
loes  have  an  unctuous,  aromatic  taste,  and  a  fra- 
grant smell,  like  that  of  some  of  the  finer  bal- 
sams, heightened  with  musk.  Although  chiefly 
used  as  perfumes,  they  are  reputed  to  possess 
aphrodisiac  virtues. 

Vanilla  Aromatica,  see  Vanilla. 

VAPEURS,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria. 

VAPOR  SANGUINIS,  Gaz  sanguinis. 

VAPORA'RIUM,  Atmiste'rion,  Lacon'icum, 
Py'ria,  Pyriate'rium,  Vapour  bath,  from  vapor, 
'steam.'  A  useful  remedy  in  rheumatic  and  cu- 
taneous aifections;  and  wherever  it  is  important 
to  relax  the  cutaneous  capillaries.  In  the  Rua- 
sian    Vapour  Bath,  the  vapour  is  produced  by 


throwing  water  over  hot  stones.  Its  temperature 
is  from  122°  to  146°. 

Vaporarium,  Ilypocaustum,  see  Stove. 

VAPORATIO.  Evaporation. 

VAPORES  UTERINI,  Hysteria. 

VAPOUR,  Flatulence — v.  Bath,  Vaporarium. 

VAPOURISH,  Hypochondriac,  Hysterical. 

VAPOUROUS,  AVindjt. 

VAPOURS,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria. 

VAPOURY,  Hypochondriacal,  Hysterical. 

VARA,  Barre. 

VAREC,  Kelp  —  v.  Vesiculeux,  Fucus  vesicu- 
losus. 

VARENI,  Ambulo-flatulentus,  Gout  (wander- 
ing.) 

VARTCE,  Varix. 

VARICEL'LA,  (diminutive  of  Variola,  Small- 
pox,) Em'p>hlysi8  seu  Exanthe'ma  seu  Syn'ochus 
varicella.  Variola  lympihat'ica  seu  spu'ria  seu 
sylves'tris,  Vuriolm  nothcz  seu  illegit'ima;  seu  vo- 
lat'iccB  seu  pucellcB,  Pseudo-variolce,  ^ol'lion, 
jEollium,  Chicken  pox,  (F.)  Varicelle, Petite  verole 
volante,  Verolette,  Fausse  variole.  A  disease 
characterized  by  vesicles  scattered  over  the  body, 
which  are  glabrous,  transparent,  and  about  the 
size  of  peas.  They  appear  in  successive  crops, 
are  covered  by  a  thin  pellicle,  and,  about  the 
third,  fourth,  or  fifth  day  from  their  appearance, 
burst  at  the  top,  and  concrete  into  small,  puck- 
ered scabs,  which  rarely  leave  a. pit  in  the  skin. 
Three  varieties  have,  sometimes,  been  designated. 
1.  The  V.  lentiformes,  or  lenticular  chicken  p>ox, 
which  are  irregularly  circular,  and  flattened  on 
the  top;  the  fluid  being  at  first  whitish,  and  af- 
terwards straw-coloured.  This  is  the  common 
chicken  pox.  2.  The  Varicella  eonifor'mis,  Peni'- 
jjhigus  variolo'des,  Vciriola  lymphat'ica,  Hydrach'- 
nis,  Conoid'al  Chicken  Pox,  Swine  Pox,  Water 
Pox,  Water  Jags,  in  which  the  vesicles  are 
generally  acuminated,  and  the  fluid  pellucid 
throughout;  and,  3dly,  the  Varied' la  globula'ris 
or  Hives,  in  which  the  vesicles  are  globular  and 
larger;  the  fluid  being,  at  first,  whey-coloured, 
and  afterwards  yellowish.  Tho.<e  divisions  are, 
however,  very  arbitrary,  for  they  are  generally 
confounded. 

Hornpox  is  a  papular  variety  of  varicella. 

Variola  has  been,  sometimes,  mistaken  for  this 
disease,  and  conversely.  A  little  attention  to  the 
history  of  the  eruption  in  the  two  affections  will 
prevent  error.  Varicella  is  not  contagious.  At 
times,  it  prevails  epidemically.  It  cannot  be 
propagated  by  inoculation.  The  treatment  is 
extremely  simple ;  rest,  abstinence,  and  the  an- 
tiphlogistic regimen,  being  all  that  is  generally 
required.     See  Varioloid. 

Varicella  Varioloidea,  Varioloid. 

VARICELLAR  fever,  see  Varioloid. 

VARICIFOR'MES  PARAS'TAT^.  a  name 
given,  by  some  authors,  to  the  ducts  of  the  epi- 
didymis, because  they  seem  knotty  and  varicose. 

VARICOBLEPH'ARON,  from  varix,  varicis, 
and  ^\tipapov,  '  eyelid.'  A  varicose  tumour  of  the 
eyelid. 

VARICOCE'LE,  from  varix,  varicis,  and  xj/Xjj, 
'a  tumour;'  Oscheoce'le  varico'sa,  Her'nia  vari- 
co'sa,  Ramex  varico'sus,  Spermatoee'le,  Cirsocele. 
A  varicose  dilatation  of  the  veins  of  the  scrotum 
and  spermatic  cord.  This  latter  variety  of  the 
disease  is  more  common  on  the  left  side  than  the 
right.  It  appears  under  the  form  of  a  soft, 
doughy,  unequal,  knotty,  compressible,  and  in- 
dolent tumour,  situate  in  the  course  of  the  cord, 
and  increasing  from  below  upwards.  It  is  less 
when  the  individual  is  in  the  recumbent  posture, 
and  increases  when  he  is  erect.  It  is,  ordinarily, 
an  affection  of  no  moment,  and  is  very  common, 
requiring  merely  the  use  of  a  proper  suspensory 
bandage.     It  has  been  advised,  in  bad  cases,  to 


VARICOMPHALUS 


956 


VASA    ABERRANTIA 


tie  the  enlarged  vein,  but  the  operation  is  not 
free  from  danger  induced  by  phlebitis.  Sir  A. 
Cooper  has  proposed  the  removal  of  a  portion  of 
the  scrotum,  so  as  to  render  the  remainder  of  the 
scrotum  a  natural  bandage.  This  plan  has  been 
found  effectual. 

VARICOM'PHALUS,  from  varix,  varicis,  and 
oji^oKoi,  'the  umbilicus.'  Varicose  tumour  of  the 
umbilicus;  cirsomphalus. 

VAR'ICOSE,  Varico'sus,  (F.)  Variqveux. 
From  varix,  varicis.  Affected  veith  varix;  or  be- 
longing to,  or  connected  with,  varix  ; — as  a  vari- 
cone  vein,  a  varicose  ulcer,  that  is,  one  kept  up  by 
varices. 

VARICOSITAS,  see  Varix  — V.  Conjunctivae, 
Cirsophthalmia. 

VARICOSITY,  see  Varix. 

VARIC'ULA,  Vo.rix  parva.  Diminutive  of 
varix.  Also,  a  varicose  swelling  of  the  veins  of 
the  tunica  conjunctiva.  —  M.  A.  Severinus. 

VARI'OLA,  Variola',,  V.  vera,  Varioli,  Empy- 
e'sis  Variola,  Euphlog"ia,  Chaspe,  Pestis  seu 
Fehris  variola' sa,  j-Eolec'thyma,  Small-Pox,  Pox 
(N.  of  England);  from  varius,  'spotted,'  or  from 
vari,  'pimples;'  (F.)  Variole,  Petit  Verole,  Pi- 
cote.  A  disease,  now  of  somewhat  less  interest 
than  before  the  discovery  of  vaccination.  It  is 
of  a  very  contagious  nature,  and  is  supposed  to 
have  been  introduced  into  Europe  from  Asia,  at 
an  early  period  of  the  middle  ages.  It  is  charac- 
terized by  fever,  with  pustules  appearing  from 
the  third  to  the  fifth  day,  and  suppurating  from 
the  eighth  to  the  tenth,  and  it  possesses  all  the 
distinctive  properties  of  the  major  exanthemata. 
It  is  capable  of  being  produced  by  inoculation, 
but  this  inoculated  small-pox  —  Vari'ola  inser'ta 
—  communicates  the  disease  as  readily  through 
the  air  as  the  natural  small-pox,  or  that  received 
without  inoculation. 

Small-pox  is  distinguished  into  two  classes, 
according  to  the  character  of  the  eruption,  the 
discrete  or  distinct,  and  the  conjluent.  1.  In  Va- 
EIOLA  Discre'ta,  Empyesis  variola  discreta.  Va- 
riola discreta  benig'na,  Variolm  regxdarea  seu 
disrretcB,  Distinct  Small-pox,  the  pustules  are 
usually  of  the  size  of  peas ;  distinct,  distended, 
and  circular;  the  intervening  spaces  being  red; 
the  fever  inflammatory  throughout,  and  ceasing 
when  the  eruption  is  complete.  2.  In  Variola 
Con'fluens,  Empyesis  variola  confluens,  Variolm 
regula'res  conjluen'tes,  Vesic'idce  Divm  Bar'haroB, 
Vesicules  de  Sainte-Barhe,  Confluent  Small-pox, 
the  pustules  are  confluent,  or  run  together;  flac- 
cid and  irregularly  circumscribed;  the  interven- 
ing spaces  being  pale,  and  the  accompanying 
fever  typhoid.  In  children,  diarrhcea,  and,  in 
adults,  ptyalism,  with  swelling  of  the  hands  and 
feet,  generally  appear,  towards  the  period  of  the 
sec'ondary  fever,  which  occurs  from  the  tenth  to 
the  thirteenth  day.  The  fever  that  precedes  and 
accompanies  the  eruption  is  called  the  Eruptive 
fever.  The  prognosis  is  favourable  in  the  dis- 
tinct kind,  if  properly  managed.  The  confluent 
is  always  dangerous,  —  the  unfavourable  symp- 
toms being  —  flattening  of  the  pustules,  or  subsi- 
dence of  the  eruption  ;  the  breathing  becoming 
much  obstructed  or  oppressed ;  or  marks  of  in- 
flammatory and  congestive  affections  occurring  in 
the  different  viscera.  The  treatment  of  the  dis- 
tinct kind  is  very  simple :  the  antiphlogistic  re- 
gimen being  all  that  is  necessary.  The  confluent 
kind  requires  the  same  management  as  typhus 
fever. 

When  the  pimples  are  confluent  in  patches,  the 
patches,  being,  however,  separated  by  intervals 
of  unaffected  skin  ;  it  constitutes  the  clustered, 
coherent,  or  corymbose  variety — Vari'ola  corym- 
ho'sa. 


Variola  Amboinensis,  Frambcesia — v.  Corym- 
bosa,  see  Variola — v.  Inserta,  Variola  (by  inocu- 
lation)— V.  Lymphatica,  Varicella  —  v.  Mitigata, 
Varioloid. 

Vari'ola  sine  Vari'olis,  Vari'olous  Fever. 
These  terms  are  applied  to  cases  occasionally  ob- 
served during  the  prevalence  of  variola,  in  which 
the  constitutional  phenomena  are  present  without 
the  cutaneous  eruption. 

Variola  Spuria,  Varicella — v.  Vaccina,  Vac- 
cina-— ^  V.  Vaccinatorum,  Varioloid. 

VARIOLA,  Variola — -v.  Equina,  see  Grease — 
V.  Illegitimae,  Varicella  —  v.  Modificatee,  Vario- 
loid— V.  Nothae,  Varicella — v.  Pucellae,  Varicella 

—  v.  Sylvestris,  Varicella  —  v.  Tutorise,  Vaccina 

—  V.  Vera3,  Variola  —  v.  Volaticse,  Varicella. 
VARIOLATION,  Inoculation  (Small-pox.) 
VARIOLE,  Variola. 

VARIOLI,  Variola. 

VARIOLIQUE,  Variolous. 

VAR'IOLOID,  Variolo'is,  Variolo'i'des,  Vari'- 
ola nwdifica'ta  seu  mitiga'ta  seu  vaccinato'ruttif 
Varicel'la  (of  some),  Varicel'la  Variolo'idea, 
from  variola,  small-pox,  and  eiSos,  'form,'  —  re- 
sembling' small-pox.  This  is,  really,  small-pox, 
modified  by  previous  inoculation  or  vaccination; 
and  hence  it  has  been  propierly  called  modified 
small-pox.  That  it  is  small-pox  is  proved  by  the 
fact,  tliat  matter,  taken  from  a  varioloid  pustule, 
will  communicate  small-pox  to  one  who  has  never 
been  vaccinated.  It  is,  almost  always,  a  milder 
disease  than  small-pox ;  and  this  circumstance, 
with  its  shorter  duration,  exhibits  the  salutary 
effects  of  previous  vaccination  or  inoculation.  It 
has  appeared  epidemically. 

Occasionally,  when  varioloid  is  epidemic,t'ano- 
loid  or  varicellar  fever  occurs  without  the  erup- 
tion. This  is  the  varieel'lm  sine  varicel'lis  of 
Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson,  who  calls  varioloid,  vari- 
cella. 

Varioloid  Feyer,  see  Varioloid. 

VARIOLOIS,  Varioloid. 

VARI'OLOUS,  Variolo'sus,  (F.)  Variolique. 
Relating  or  belonging  to  variola. 

VARIQUEUX,  Varicose. 

VARIX,  genitive  varicis,  Phleheurys'ma,  Phle- 
hec'tasis,  Her'nia  seu  Ecta'sia  vena'rum,  Angiec- 
ta'sia  veno'sa,  Ix'ia,  Cirsus,  Cedma,  Var'icose 
Vein,  (P.)  Varies,  is  considered,  by  some,  to 
come  from  the  verb  variare,  'to  turn,'  '  to  twist,' 
— on  account  of  the  sinuosities  of  varicose  veins. 
Dilatation  of  a  vein  ;  Varicos'itas,  Varicosity, 
Varices  are  owing  to  local  retardation  of  the 
venous  circulation  ;  and,  in  some  cases,  to  relaxa- 
tion of  the  parietes  of  the  veins.  They  are  very 
common  in  the  superficial  veins  of  the  lower 
limbs,  especially  of  pregnant  females.  The  tu- 
mour or  tumours,  formed  by  varices,  are  soft, 
knotty,  unequal,  indolent,  and  livid;  without 
pulsation,  and  yielding  readily  to  the  impression 
of  the  finger;  but  returning  as  soon  as  the  com- 
pression is  discontinued.  Sometimes,  the  vein 
bursts  and  gives  rise  to  hemorrhage.  The  treat- 
ment is  usually  palliative,  and  consists  in  exert- 
ing a  uniform  and  constant  pressure  upon  the 
part,  by  means  of  an  appropriate  bandage.  The 
radical  cure  has,  also,  been  obtained  by  extirpa- 
tion, division  of  the  vein,  or  ligature.  The  second 
course  is  apt  to  be  followed  by  phlebitis. 

VAROLI,  BRIDGE  OF,  Pons  Varolii. 

VARUS,  Acne,  lonthus,  see  Entogonyaneon 
and  Kyllosis  —  v.  Mentagi-a,  Sycosis. 

VAS,  Vessel,  Penis — v.  Deferens  mulieris,  Tuba 
Fallopiana  —  v.  Urinarium,  Ureter. 

VASA  ABBRRAN'TIA.  Peculiar  ramifica- 
tions of  the  biliary  duct  in  the  liver  are  so  called 
by  E.  H.  Weber.  — KoUiker. 


VASCOA   AMPLEXICAULIS        957 


VEIN 


Vasa  Absorbentia,  Absorbent  vessels  —  v. 
Afferentia,  see  Afferent  and  Efferent — v.  Capilla- 
ria,  Capillary  vessels — v.  Chylifera  seu  Chylofera, 
Chyliferous  vessels. 

Vasa  Chylopoet'ica  Ueinif'era.  Blood- 
vessels, which,  according  to  Lippi,  convey  drinks 
from  the  chyliferous  vessels  to  the  renal  veins. 

Vasa  Efferentia,  see  Efferent — V.  Exhalan- 
tia,  Exhalant  vessels — v.  Hydragoga,  Lymphatic 
vessels  —  v.  Inferentia,  see  Afferent  and  Efferent 
— V.  Laotea,  Chyliferous  vessels.  Lactiferous  ves- 
sels— V.  Meningea,  Meningeal  vessels — v.  Sedalia, 
Heemorrhoidal  vessels — v.  Lymphatica,  Lympha- 
tic vessels — v.  Nutrientia,  Vasa  vasorum — v.  Nu- 
tritia,  Vasa  vasorum  —  v.  Recta,  see  Rete  testis 
—  V.  Resorbentia,  Absorbent  vessels.  Lymphatic 
vessels  —  v.  Serosa,  see  Capillary  vessels. 

Vasa  Vasc'rum,  V  nutrW'ia  seu  nutrien'tia. 
Small  vessels  that  supply  larger.  However 
minutely  a  vessel  is  traced,  its  parietes  will  be 
found  supplied  with  blood  for  its  nutrition  by  a 
smaller  vessel. 

Vasa  Vortico'sa,  (F.)  Vm'sseavx  tourhiUon- 
vSn,  TonrbiUon  vascv.laire.  The  contorted  ves- 
sels which  creep  on  the  choroid  coat  of  the  eye; 
ciliary  veins. 

VASCO'A  AMPLEXICAU'LIS.  A  South  Af- 
rican shrub,  Nat.  Orel.  Leguminosae,  the  roots  of 
which  taste  like  liquorice.  They  are  used,  in 
decoction,  in  catarrh  and  phthisis,  and  are  a  good 
substitute  for  liquorice. 

VASCULA  SERPENTINA,  see  Testicle. 

VAS'CULAR,  Vascula'ris,  Vaseulo'auK,  Anc/ei'- 
al,  (F.)  Vascnlaire,  from  v'as,  vasin,  '  a  vessel,' 
vasculum,  'a  little  vessel.'  That  which  belongs 
or  relates  to  vessels; — arterial,  venous,  or  lym- 
phatic; but  generally  restricted  to  blood-vessels 
only.  Full  of  vessels.  Bichat  gave  the  name 
Vascular  system,  Syste'ma  vaso'rnm,  Hmmatati'- 
lica,  to  the  blood-vessels,  and  of  this  he  made 
two  divisions.  1.  The  Arterial  system,  or  System 
of  red  blond,  (F.)  Systeine  vascnlaire  ct.  sang 
rouge,  which  commences  with  the  radicles  of  the 
pulmonary  veins  ;  and  includes  the  pulmonary 
veins,  the  left  cavities  of  the  heart,  and  the  aorta 
with  all  its  ramifications.  The  blood,  in  this 
system,  is  distributed  to  the  general  capillary 
system,  where  it  loses  its  arterial  quality  and  be- 
comes venous.  2.  The  Venous  system  or  Vascu- 
lar system  of  black  blood.,  (F.)  Systeme  vaseidaire 
d  sang  noir,  carries  the  blood  from  every  part  of 
the  system  to  the  lungs.  It  takes  its  origin  in 
the  general  capillary  system;  continues  in  the 
veins,  right  auricle,  and  ventricle  of  the  heart 
and  the  pulmonary  artery  and  its  branches,  and 
is  finally  lost  in  the  capillary  system  of  the  lungs. 
See  Circulation. 

Vascular  Layer,  see  Tache  embryonnaire  — 
V.  Radicals,  Radical  vessels — v.  Substance  of  the 
Kidney,  see  Kidney — v.  System,  see  Vascular — 
v.  System,  intermediate,  Capillary  system — v. 
System,  peripheral,  Capillary  system — v.  Tumour, 
see  Hipmorrhois. 

VASCULAR'ITY,  Vascular' itas,  (F.)  Vascu- 
larite.  The  state  of  being  vascular,  or  largely 
supplied  with  vessels. 

VASCULUM,  Penis,  Vessel. 

Vas'culum  Aber'rans,  Appendix  to  the  Ejn- 
did'ynis.  A  small  convoluted  duet,  of  variable 
length,  generally  connected  with  the  duct  of  the 
epididymis,  immediately  before  the  commence- 
ment of  the  vas  deferens. 

VASE  1  SAIGNER,  Cup. 

VASTUS,  That  which  is  uasf  or  has  a  great 
extent. 

Vastus  Externus  and  Vastus  Internus  are 


two  considerable,  fleshy  masses,  which  form  part 
of  the  Triceps  cruris. 

VASUM,  Vessel. 

VATER,  AMPULLA  OF,  (F.)  Ampoxde  de 
Vater.  An  ampulla  formed  by  the  orifice  of  the 
pancreatic  duct  in  the  duodenum. 

Vater,  Corpuscles  of,  Corpuscles,  Pacinian. 

VATERIA  INDICA,  see  Copal. 

VATICINIUM  CHIROMANTICUM,  Chiro- 
mancy. 

VAULT,  (old  F.  Voulte,)  'a  round  or  turn;' 
from  vnlvere,  volutum,  'to  turn;'  Fornix,  Cam' era, 
(F.)  Voute.  A  name  given  by  anatomists  to 
several  parts  which  are  rounded  superiorly;  con- 
cave and  arched  inferiorly, — as  the  Vault  of  the 
cranium  or  the  upper  part  of  the  skull, — the  Pa- 
latine vault  or  roof  of  the  mouth,  &o..,  &c. 

VAUQUELINE,  Strychnia. 

VEAL  TEA.  This  may  be  made  in  the  same 
manner  as  beef  tea,  by  using  a  pound  of  fillet  of 
veal,  free  from  fat  and  sliced,  and  a  pint  and  a 
half  of  boiling  water ;  and  boiling  for  half  an 
hour.  It  may  also  be  made  with  the  same  quan- 
tity of  the  fleshy  part  of  a  knuckle  of  veal. 

VECORDIA,  Idiotism. 

VECTIS,  Lever— V.  Elevatorius,  Elevator— v. 
Triploides,  Elevator,  triploid. 

VECTOR  CANAL,  Tube,  Fallopian. 

VEGETAL'ITY,  Vcgetal'itas,  (F.)  Vegetalite. 
The  aggregate  of  physiological  phenomena,  which 
exist  alone  in  the  vegetable,  but  are  common  to 
both  plants  and  animals.     See  Animality. 

VEGETARIAN,  see  Vegetarianism. 

VEGETA'RIANISM.  Same  etymon  as  Vege- 
tation. A  modern  term,  employed  to  designate 
the  view,  that  man,  for  his  full  mental  and  cor- 
poreal development,  ought  to  subsist  on  the 
direct  productions  of  the  vegetable  kingdom,  and 
totally  abstain  from  flesh  and  blood.  An  embracer 
and  practiser  of  this  doctrine  is  called  a  vegeta- 
rian. ^     ^ 

VEGETATIF,  Vegetative. 

VEGETA'TION,  Vegeta'tio,  '  growing  like  a 
plant,'  from  vegeo  or  vigeo,  '  I  flourish.'  A  mor- 
bid production,  which  rises  as  an  excrescence  on 
the  valves  of  the  heart,  in  syphilis,  &c.  —  as  the 
Cauliflower  excrescence,  &c.  The  term  is  also 
applied  to  the  fleshy  granulations  or  Hypersar- 
coses,  which  sometimes  arise  at  the  surfaces  of 
wounds  or  ulcers. 

VEG"ETATIVE,  Vegetati'vus,  (F.)  Vegctatif, 
same  etymon  as  the  last.  Having  relation  to 
growth  or  nutrition ;  hence,  the  vegetative  or  nu- 
tritive functions. 

Vegetative  Later,  see  Tache  embryonnaire. 

VEGETATIVUS,  Vegetative. 

VE'HICLE,  T'eAi'c'n^KOT,  Oche'ma,  Constit' iiens, 
(F.)  Vehieule,  from  vehere,  'to  carry.'  Anything 
which  serves  to  carry;  thus  air  is  the  vehicle  of 
sound;  the  arteries  are  the  vehicles  of  the  blood, 
<fcc.  In  Pharmacy,  the  name  vehicle  is  given  to 
any  excipient ;  or  to  substances  which  serve  as 
the  media  of  administration  for  any  medicine. 
VEHICULE,  Vehicle. 

VEILED  PUFF,  see  Cavernous  respiration. 

VEIN,  Vena,  diminutive  ven^ida,Phlebs,  Phleps, 
(F.)  Veiue.  The  veins  are  vessels  for  the  convey- 
ance of  black  blood  from  every  part  of  the  body 
to  the  heart.  They  are  found  wherever  there  are 
arteries,  and,  altogether,  form  the  venous  system, 
which  may  be  subdivided  into  two  distinct  se- 
condary systems.  1.  The  General  venous  system, 
which  commences  in  all  the  organs,  by  very  mi- 
nute radicles;  and  terminates  in  the  heart  by  thp 
cava  and  the  coronary  vein.     2.  The  Abdominal 


VEINS 


958 


venous  system,  which  is  limited  to  the  abdomin  il 
cavity;  commences,  also,  by  a  great  number  of 
branches,  and  terminates  in  the  liver  by  a  single 
trunk,  which  subdivides  in  that  organ.  It  is 
called,  also,  the  Si/stem  of  the  Vena  Porta  or  the 
Portal  System.  See  Porta.  The  veins  form  two 
sets,  one  deejj-seated,  Venm  satel'litea,  V.  concom'- 
ites,  which  accompany  the  arteries ;  the  other  sh- 
ferjicial  or  subcutaneous.  Their  parietes,  which 
are  thinner  than  those  of  the  arteries,  are  com- 
posed of  two  coats;  the  one,  external,  loose,  ex- 
tensible, and  with  parallel,  longitudinal  fibres  — 
the  2}roper  membrane ;  the  other,  the  common  or 
inner  membrane,  which  is  thin,  polished,  and  has 
numerous  duplicatures  or  folds  forming  parabolic 
valves.  These  valves  are  most  numerous  in  the 
veins  of  the  lower  extremities.  The  coats  of  the 
veins  are  supplied  with  small  arteries  or  vasa  va- 
sorum,  veins,  and  lymphatics.  They  have  not  as 
many  nervous  filaments  as  the  arteries.  These 
filaments  are  from  the  great  sympathetic. 


TABLE  OF  THE  VEINS. 

1.   VEINS  WHICH   FORM  THE  SUPERIOR  VENA  CAVA. 


Receives  the 

1.  Basilic,  formed  of  the 

2.  Cephalic,  forming  the 

3.  Circumfles  veins. 

4.  Inferior  scapular. 
6.  Long  thoracic. 

6.  Superior  thoracic, 

7.  Acromial  veins. 


1.  Posterior  ulnar. 

2.  Anterior  ulnar. 

3.  Median  basilic. 

f  1.  Superficial  radial. 
X  2.  Median  cephalic. 


Receives  the 
1.  Internal    maxilla- 
ry, composed  of  the 


2.  Superficial  Tempo- 
ral, composed  of 
the 


1.  Pterygoid. 

2.  Spheno-palatine. 

3.  Alveolar. 

4.  Infrsirorbitar. 

5.  Mental. 

6.  Inferior  dental. 

7.  Deep  temporal. 

1.  Middle  temporal. 

2.  Anterior  auriculars. 

3.  Transverse  of    the 
face. 

3.  Posterior  Auricular.  The  trunk  then  takes 
the  name  of  External  Jugular,  and  in  its 
course  along  the  neck,  receives  — 

4.  Cervical  cutaneous. 

5.  Trachelo-scapular,  &c. 
Receives 

1.  Superior  Cerebral  Veins. 

2.  Veins  of  the  Corpus  Striatum. 

3.  Veins  of  the  Choroid  plexus. 

4.  Superior  Cerebellar  Veins. 

5.  Inferior  Cerebellar  Veins. 

6.  Lateral  and  inferior  Cerebral  Veins, 
f  1.  Lachrymal. 

2.  Central  of  the  retina. 

7.  OphthalmicVein,  ]  ^  I^^'^-o'-bitar. 
composed  of  the     *;C'>>-y-.^^,_ 

I  6.  Palpebral,  and 
17.  Nasal  Veins. 
I  1.  Palpebral,  and 
I  2.  Superciliary  Veins. 

3.  Dorsals  of  the  nose. 

8.  Facial  vein,  call-    4.  Superior  Jf  Coronaries 
ed  angular,  near  I  5.  Inferior  (    of  the  lip. 
theeye,receiving  I  6.  Several  Buccal  and 
the  I  7.  Masseteric  Veins. 

8.  Ranine. 
I  9.  Submental,  and 
1^  10.  Inferior  Palatine. 
9.  Lingual  and  Pharyngeal  Veins. 

10.  Superior  thyroid. 

11.  Occipital,  and 
1^12.  Veins  of  the  Diploe. 

2.  Right  Internal  Mammary  Vein. 

3.  Inferior  Thyroid  Vein,  opening  into  the  Vena  Cava, 
between  the  two  Subclavians. 

*  Vena  Azygos,  which  receives  S  ^-  ^'^^^  Bronchial. 


VELAMENTUM  ABDOMINALE 


2.    VEINS  WmCH   FORM   THE  INFERIOR  VENA  CAVA. 

^  f  1.  Femoral 

or    Crural, 
which  is  a 
continua- 
tion of  the 

2.  Popliteal,  ")  (1.  Several 

l.External     abdominal 
Saphena     veins, 
and  I  2.  Circura- 

2.  Internal  ^    flex  Iliac, 
Saphena,  I    and 
which  re-    3.    Exter- 
ceive —     I   nalpudic 
[  veins. 
f  1.  Dorsal  veins 


the 


<  2.  Intercostal  Veins. 
I  3.  Semi-azygos. 


Receive  the 
1.  External 
Iliacs.form- ' 
ed  by  the 


commenc- 
ing    by     3. 
veins  which 
accompany 
the  fibular 
arteries,and 
receiving 
Lthe— 

!.     Internal  f^-     Vesical   Vein.,  j      ^f  the  penis 
Iliacs  which  j    commencing  with^!      ^f  the  male. 

I  2.  Sacro-lateral 

Veins. 

3.  Middle  Sacral  Vein. 

4.  Lumbar  Veins — four  in 
number  on  each  side, 
commencing  by  an — 

r  1 


receive 
the  — 


2.  Veins  of  the 
clitoris,  in 
the  female. 


1.  Abdominal   branch. 

2.  Dorsal  branch. 


5.     Spermatic     Veins, 
commencing  with  the 


Spermatic    plexus  in 
the  male. 
2.  Those  of  the  Ovarium, 
Fallopian   tube,  &c.  in 
the  female. 


6.  Renal  Veins. 

7.  Capsular  and  Adipose  Veins. 

8.  Hepatic  Veins. 

9.  Middle,    ] 

10.  Left,  and  >  Hepatic  Veins. 

11.  Right       j 

^  12.  Inferior  Diaphragmatic  Veins,  two  in  number. 

3.   VEINS  OF  THE  HEART. 

1.  Great  right  Coronary. 

2.  Small  right  Coronary. 

3.  Left  Coronary  Veins. 

4.   VEINS  WHICH  FORM  THE  VENA  PORTA. 

f     Receives  the 

1.  Veins  which   correspond    to    the 
I      vasa  brevia. 

1.  Splenic  Vein.  ■!  2-  Right  ^"jl  left  gastro-epiploio. 

'^  S.  Duodenal,  and 

4.  Pancreatic  veins. 

5.  Coronary  Vein  of  the  Stomach,  anci 
[  6.  Small  mesenteric  vein. 

2.  Superior  Mesenteric  Vein. 

Vein,  Bronchial,  Left,  see  Azygos — v.  Demi- 
azygous,  see  Azj'gos — v.  Frontal,  see  Facial  vein 
— V.  Semi-azygous,  see  Azygos  (vena) — v.  Supe- 
rior intercostal,  left,  see  Azj'gos  —  v.  Tibio-mal- 
leolar,  Saphena,  great — v.  Palato-labial,  Facial 
vein — v.  Peroneo-malleolar,  Saphena  minor  —  v. 
Varicose,  Varix. 

VEINE,  Vein — v.  Cave,  Cava  vena — v.  GepTta- 
Uque,  Jugular  vein,  internal  —  v.  Ce2}hah'que  du 
pouce,  Cephalic  vein  of  the  thumb  —  v.  Cubitale 
cutanee,  Basilic  vein — v.  Fessiere,  Gluteal  vein  — 
t!.  de  iledine,  Dracunculus  —  v.  Porte,  Porta  vena 
—  V.  Prelombo-thoracique,  Azygos,  (vena)  —  v. 
Preparate,  Facial  vein  —  v.  Radiate  cutanee,  Ce- 
phalic vein — V.  Sans  paire,  Azygos,  vein — v.  Tra- 
chelo-sous-cutanee,  Jugular  vein,  external. 

VEINE S  ARTERIELLES,  Arterial  veins  — 
V.  Ciliaires,  Ciliary  veins — v.  Sous-elavieres,  Sub- 
clavian veins — %i.  Sus-hepatiqnes,  Hepatic  veins. 

VEINEUX,  Venous. 

VEINS,  CORONAEY,  Cardiac  veins— v.  Intra- 
lobular, Hepatic  veins — v.  Supra-hepatic,  Hepatic 
veins. 

VEINSTONE,  Phlebolite. 

VEINULE,  Venula. 

VEJUCO  DE  MAVACURE,  see  Curare. 

VELAMEN  NATIVUM,  Integument. 

VELAMENTA  BOMBYCINA,  Villous  mem- 
branes —  V.  Cerebralia,  Meninges  —  v.  Infantis, 
Membranes  of  the  foetus. 

VELAMENTUM  ABDOMINALE,  Perito- 
naeum  —  v.  Corporis  commune,  Integument  —  v. 
LinguaB,  Glosso-epiglottic  ligament — v.  Nativum, 
Integument. 


V^LAR 


959 


VENOUS 


VELAR,  Erysimum. 
VELLICATION,  Tic. 
VELOSYNTHESIS,  Staphylorraphy. 
VELUM,  'a  veil,  a  cover,'  Velum    pendulum 
palati  — V.  Apophysi  vermiformi  obtentum,  Val- 
vula  Vieussenii  —  v.  Interjectum  cerebelli,  Val- 
vula  Vieussenii  —  v.  Medullare  anticum,  Valvula 
Vieussenii. 

Vklum  Medulla're  Infebius,  (F.)  Voile  mi- 
duUaire  inferieur.  A  name  given,  by  Reil,  to 
the  medullary  band  or  strip,  by  which  the  cere- 
bellum communicates  with  the  medulla. 

Velum  Medulla'be  Poste'rids  seu  Posti'cus 
seu  Semildna're,  Valvu'la  Tari'ni.  The  small 
posterior  valve  of  the  cerebellum;  a  thin  medul- 
lary plate,  situate  between  the  medulla  oblongata 
and  vermis  inferior,  in  front  of  the  nodulus. 

Velum  Palati,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  v. 
Palatinum,  Velum  pendulum  palati. 

Velum  Pen'dulum  Pala'ti,  'Pendulous  veil 
of  the  palate.'  Velum,  V.  Palati'num  seu  Palati 
seu  Pen'dalum  seu  Staphyli'num,  Pala'tmn  pen'- 
diihini  seu  molle  seu  mob'ile,  Pen'dulum  seu  Gkms- 
trxim  Palati,  Palatum  3Iolle,  Soft  Palate,  (F.) 
Septum  StapJii/lin  (Ch.),  Voile  du  Palais.  A 
movable,  soft,  and  broad  septum,  attached  to  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  palatine  arch,  and  se- 
parating the  mouth  from  the  pharynx.  Its  form 
is  nearly  quadrilateral.  Its  anterior  surface  cor- 
responds to  the  mouth;  the  posterior  to  the  pha- 
rynx. Its  superior  edge  is  fixed  to  the  palatine 
arch  ;  the  inferior  is  free,  floating,  and  has  an  ap- 
pendix at  its  middle  —  the  iivida.  The  lateral 
margins  of  the  velum  are  held  down  by  two  folds, 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  triangular  space; 
these  are  called  the  pillars ;  the  anterior  passes 
to  the  base  of  the  tongue,  the  posterior  to  the 
sides  of  the  pharynx.  The  velum  palati  is  formed 
of  a  mucous  coat,  which  contains  numerous  folli- 
cles, and  of  a  muscular  stratum,  in  which  are  the 
peristaphylini  interni  and  p.  extern!  muscles,  the 
glosso-staphylini,  the  pharyngo-staphylini  and 
the  palato-staphylinus.  The  arteries  of  the  velum 
palati  are  furnished  by  the  internal  maxillary, 
the  labial  and  the  superior  pharyngeal.  Its  veins 
open  into  the  internal  jugular.  Its  nerves  are 
sent  off  from  the  ganglion  of  Meckel,  and  come 
from  the  palatine  branches.  The  glosso-pharyn- 
geal  nerve,  likewise,  sends  it  some  filaments. 

Velum  Staphylinum,  Velum  pendulum  palati 
— V.  Vieussenii,  Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VELVET  LEAF,  Abutilon  Avicenna;,  Pareira. 
VENA,  Vein,  Penis — v.  Alba  renum,  Ureter — 
V.  Alba  thoracis.  Thoracic  duct — v.  Apoplectica, 
Jugular  vein,  internal — v.  Arteriosa,  Porta  vena, 
Pulmonary  artery — v.  Capitis,  Cephalic  vein — v. 
Cava,  Cava  vena — v.  Cubiti  interior.  Basilic  vein 
— V.  Demiazygos,  see  Azygos — v.  Falcis  cerebri, 
Sinus  longitudinalis  inferior — v.  Hemiazyga,  see 
Azygos  —  V.  Lactea,  Porta  vena  —  v.  Lienalis, 
Splenic  vein — v.  Magna,  Porta  vena. — -v.  Medina 
Arabum,  Dracuneulus  —  v.  Medinensis,  Dracun- 
culus — V.  Ostiaria,  Porta  vena  — v.  Pari  carens, 
Azygos,  (vena)  —  v.  Portalis,  Porta  vena  — 
V.  Portarum,  Porta  vena — v.  ad  Portas,  Porta 
vena — v.  quae  ad  Portas  est.  Porta  vena — v.  Ra- 
malis,  Porta  vena —  v.  sine  Pari,  Azygos,  (vena) 
— V.  Splenica,  Splenic  vein — v.  Stelechieea,  Porta 
vena — v.  Subalaris,  Vena  axillaris — v.  Termina- 
lis,  Circulus  venosus. 

VEN^  APOPLECTICS,  Jugular  veins  —  v. 
Cavse  hepatis.  Hepatic  veins — v.  Centrales,  Intra- 
lobular veins  —  v.  Concomites,  see  Vein  —  v.  Ga- 
leni,  Choroid,  (veins) — v.  Innominatas,  see  Inno- 
minatum  —  v.  Intralobulares,  Intralobular  veins 
— V.  Lactese,  Chyliferous  vessels — v.  Lymphati- 
cae,  Lymphatic  vessels  —  v.  Micantes,  (arteries,) 
see  Artery — y.  Pulsatiles,  (arteries,)  see  Artery — 


v.  Satellites,  see   Vein  —  v.  Soporales,    Jugular 
veins— V.  Snhagitides,  Jugular  veins. 

VENSSECTIO,  see  Blood-letting- -v.  Revul- 
soria,  see  Blood-letting. 

VENS  VORTICO'SS.  The  veius  which  prin- 
cipally form  the  external  or  venous  layer  of  the 
choroid  coat  of  the  eye;  so  called  from  their  pe- 
culiar arrangement ;  from  vertex  seu  vortex,  '  a 
whirlpool.' 

VENAL,  Venous. 
VENEFICIUM,  Poisoning. 
VENENATION,  Poison,  Poisoning,  Venom. 
VENENATUS,  Venomous. 
VENENEUX,  Poisonous. 
VENENOSE,  Venomous. 
VENENUM,  Poison,  Venom. 
VENE'REAL,    Veve'reus,  Ai^hrodisiacns,    Ve- 
ne'rean,  (F.)   Venerien,  from  Ve7tus,  veneris,  'the 
goddess  of  pleasure.'     That  which  relates  to  the 
pleasures  of  love.    In  a  more  restricted  sense,  the 
word  venereal — as  well  as  aphroditic— is  synony- 
mous   with    syphilitic,    and    also    with     syphilis. 
Some  authors  have  proposed  that  those  diseases 
should  be  called  venereal  which  are  produced  by 
excess  in  venery;  and  that  syphilitic  should  be 
limited  to  those  which  are  the  result  of  impure 
connexion.     It  is,  also,  used  in  the  same  sense  as 
aphrodisiac, — adapted  to  excite  venereal  desire. 

Venereal  Desire,  Libido  —  v.  Disease,  Sy- 
philis. 

VENERIEN,  Venereal.  This  term,  also, 
means  one  labouring  under  syphilis ;  as  Hopital 
des  veneriens. 

VENERIVAGUS,  Libidinous. 
VEN'ERY.     Same  etymon.     The  pleasures  of 
love.     Sexual  communication.     Coition. 
VENESECTION,  see  Blood-letting. 
VENUIEUX,  Venomous. 
VENIN,  Venom. 

VENOM,  Vene'ntim,  Tox'icum,  Venena'tion, 
(F.)  Venin.  A  poisonous  fluid  secreted  by  certain 
animals,  as  the  viper,  in  a  state  of  health,  and 
which  they  preserve  in  a  particular  reservoir,  to 
use  as  a  means  of  attack  or  defence.  It  differs, 
according  to  some,  from  virus,  as  the  latter  is 
always  the  result  of  a  morbid  process,  which  may 
be  produced  by  the  individuals  who  receive  it,  in 
their  turn,  and  be  transmitted  to  others. 

Venom,  Quickening,  Sperm — v.  Vital,  Sperm. 
VEN'OMOUS,  Venena'tus,  Ven'enose,  (F.)  Ve- 
nimeux.  An  epithet  applied  to  animals  which 
have  a  secretion  of  venom,  as  the  viper,  rattle- 
snake, &c.,  as  well  as  to  the  venom  itself;  and, 
by  some,  to  liquids  in  the  animal  body,  which 
have  been  so  perverted  by  previous  disease,  that 
their  contact  occasions  serious  mischief  in  sound 
individuals  ;  as  happens  in  hydrophobia.  Virus 
is  more  commonly  used  in  this  case. 

VENOSITAS,  Venosity—  v.  Sanguinis,  Prae- 
dominium  sanguinis  venosi. 

VENOS'ITY,  Venos'itas,  Ve'nousness,  Venous 
state  or  cachex'ia,  ilelana'mia,  3lelano'sis  xmi- 
versa'lis,  from  vena,  'a  vein.'  A  condition  in 
which,  it  has  been  supposed,  the  blood  is  moved 
slowly;  is  more  venous;  and  the  venous  blood 
itself  in  greater  quantity.  This  state  is  said  to 
be  chiefly  observed  in  hemorrhoids,  gout,  hypo- 
chondriasis, melancholia,  &c. — Puchelt. 

VENOUS,  Venal,  Veno'sus,  (F.)  Veineux 
Same  etymon.  Appertaining  to  a  vein,  or  to  the 
blood  of  the  veins;  as  venous  cachexia,  venout, 
pulse. 

Venous  Cachexia,  Venosity  —  v.  Hum,  Bi-uit 
de  Diable  —  v.  State,  Venosity  —  v.  System,  sea 
Vascular — v.  System,  abdominal,  Porta  vena. 

Venous  System  of  Jacobson.  A  system  of 
vessels  in  the  three  classes  of  vertebrated  ani- 
mals other  than  the  mammalia,  which  forms  a 


VENOUSNESS 


9  6  0       YENTRIC  ULES  D  U  CER  VEA  U 


communication  between  the  vena  porta  and  the 

VENOUSNESS,  Venosity. 

VENT,  Wind. 

VENTER,  Abdomen,  Belly,  Uterus.  In  law, 
venter  designates  the  maternal  parentage  of  chil- 
dren. Thus,  if  A  were  B's  child  by  »is  first  wife, 
he  would  be  described  in  law  as  "  by  the  first 
venter."  "A  died  seised,  leaving  two  infant 
daughters  by  different  venters." 

Venter  Imus,  Abdomen,  Hypogastrium,  Nei- 
jera — v.  Inferius,  Abdomen  —  v.  Infimus,  Abdo- 
men— V.  Magnus,  Ingluvies — v.  Medius,  Thorax 
— V.  Parvus,  Hypogastrium — v.  Propendens,  Hys- 
teroloxia  anterior — v.  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kid- 
ney— V.  Supremus,  Cavum  cranii. 

VENTEUX,  Windy. 

VENTILA'TION,  Ventila'tio,  from  veittus, 
'wind,'  ventulus,  'a  little  wind.'  The  act  of  re- 
newing the  air  of  vessels,  hospitals,  and  apart- 
ments, or  of  situations  where  many  people  are 
collected  together.  The  utility  of  such  renewal 
must  be  evident,  when  it  is  considered  that  atmo- 
spheric air  loses  its  oxygen  during  respiration, 
and  that  carbonic  acid  supplies  its  place.  Stag- 
nant air,  also,  becomes  loaded  with  numerous 
impurities;  and  hence  one  of  the  greatest  hyg- 
ienic improvements,  of  modern  times,  has  been  a 
proper  attention  to  circulation  of  air.  It  is, 
moreover,  one  of  the  most  valuable  additions 
to  our  stock  of  therapeutical  agencies  in  many 
diseases. 

Instruments  used  for  the  purpose  of  renewing 
the  air,  in  ships,  apartments,  &c.,  have  been 
called  ventilators. 

VENTOSITE,  Flatulence. 

VENTOSITY,  Flatulence. 

VEXTO  USES  SCARIFIEES,  Cupping  with 
the  scarificator. 

VEXTO  USES  SECHES,  Cupping,  dry. 

VENTRAL,  from  venter,  'the  belly.'  Abdo- 
minal. 

Ventral  Her'nia,  Her'nia  ventra'h's.  Direct 
hernia  occurring  in  any  part  of  the  abdomen.  It 
is  most  frequently  found  between  the  recti  mus- 
cles. 

VENTRALE,  'an  apron,'  Belt  (Russian.) 

Ventrale  Cuta'neum,  'Cutaneous  apron.'  (F.) 
Tablier.  An  elongation  of  the  nymphse  in  the 
Bosjesman  female,  which  hangs  down  before  the 
vulva  like  an  apron. 

VEXTRE,  Abdomen  —  v.  luferiexir,  Abdomen 
— V.  Resserre,  Constipation. 

VENTRE  INSPICIENDO  DE,  see  De  ventre 
inspiciendo. 

VEN'TRICLE,  Ventric'ulus,  diminutive  of 
venter,  '  belly.'  (F.)  Ventricale.  Literally,  a 
little  belly.  A  name  given,  in  anatomy,  to  vari- 
ous parts. 

Ventricle  of  Aran'tics.  A  small  cavity, 
lined  with  gray  substance,  at  the  point  of  the 
calamus  scriptorius. 

Ventricles  of  the  Brain,  Ventric'uli  seu  Cn- 
vita'tes  seu  Sinus  Cer'ebri,  (F.)  Ventrieules  du 
cerveau,  are  five  cavities  in  the  interior  of  that 
organ,  which  are  distinguished  into  the  lateral 
ventricles,  middle  ventricle,  fourth  ventricle  or 
ventricle  of  the  cerebellum,  and  fifth  ventricle. 
The  middle  ventricle  or  tJiiy-d  ventricle,  (F.)  Ven- 
tricule  moyen  du  cerveau,  is  situate  in  front  of  the 
pineal  gland.  It  is  bounded,  above,  by  the  tela 
choroidea  and  the  fornix ;  below,  by  a  portion  of 
cerebral  substance,  which  separates  it  from  the 
base  of  the  cranium;  laterally,  by  the  thalami 
nervorum  opticorum  ;  anteriorly,  by  a  medullary 
cord,  called  the  anterior  commissure ;  and,  poste- 
riorly, by  another  medullary  cord,  called  the  pos- 
terior   commissure.     It    communicates   with    the 


lateral  ventricles  by  two  openings,  situate  behind 
the  anterior  pillar  or  crus  of  the  fornix.  The 
Lateral  ventricl'es,  Ventric'uli  latera'les  seu  magni 
seu  majo'res  seu  prio'res  seu  superio'res  seu  tri- 
cor'nes,  (F.)  Ventrieules  lateraux,  are  two  in  num- 
ber. They  are  large,  and,  owing  to  their  consi- 
derable curvature,  occupy  a  great  part  of  the 
cerebral  centre.  They  are  bounded,  above,  by 
the  inferior  surface  of  the  corpus  callosum;  ante- 
riorly, by  the  curved  portion  of  the  same  body; 
'posteriorly,  by  a  considerable  mass  of  cerebral 
substance;  and,  internally,  they  are  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  septum  of  the  ventricles, 

—  a  medullary  plate,  which  i's  given  off  from  the 
lower  part  of  the  corpus  callosum.  The  lateral 
ventricles  have,  in  their  upper  and  anterior  por- 
tion, the  Corpora,  striata,  Thalami  optici,  and 
TcBuia  semicircidaris :  —  their  inferior  portion 
contains  the  corpus  fimbriatum,  cornu  Ammonis, 
ka.  Each  of  the  ventricles  has  a  body  or  centre 
— cella  me'dia — and  horns,  cornua.  The  Fourth 
ventricle,  Ventriculus  cerebelli  seu  quartus  seu 
Aran'tii,  Sinus  rhomboVdeus,  (F.)  Quatrihne  ven- 
tricule,  is  situate  beneath  the  aqueduct  of  Sylvius, 
by  which  it  communicates  with  the  third  ventri- 
cle. It  extends  from  this  aqueduct  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  medulla;  and  is  seated  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  tuber  annulare.  The  Fifth  ventri- 
cle, Ventric'ulus  septi  pellu'cidi,  Incisu'ra  septi, 
(F.)  Cinquieme  ventricule,  is  the  small  serous 
cavity  between  the  laminse  of  the  septum  lucidum ; 
called,  also.  Sinus  of  the  septum  lu'eidum,  S.  of 
the  median  septum  (Ch.). 

Ventricles  of  the  Heart,  Ventric'idi  cordis, 
Specus  cordis,  (F.)  Ventrieules  da  cceur,  are  two 
in  number.  The  Riyht  ventricle,  Pulmonary  ven- 
tricle, Ventric'ulus  anterior  seu  primus  seu  pid- 
mona'lis,  (F.)  Ventricule  droit  ou  ^^ulmonaire,  is 
situate  at  the  fore-part  of  the  heart,  the  base  and 
apex  corresponding  to  those  of  the  heart.  In  it 
are  seen  the  Columna  carnecB  and  CordcB  tendinece. 
The  right  ventricle  communicates  with  the  right 
auricle  by  the  Ostium  venosum,  and  from  it  the 
Pulmonary  artery  arises.  Around  the  auricular 
orifice  is  a  tendinous  margin  or  ring,  from  which 
the  tricuspid  valve  is  given  oif.  The  use  of  the 
ventricle  is  to  send  the  blood,  by  its  contraction, 
along  the  pulmonary  artery  to  the  lungs.  The 
Left  ventricle,  Ventric'ulus  aor'ticus  seu.  posterior 
seu  secundus,  (F.)  Ventricule  gauche  ou  aortique, 
is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  left  part  of  the 
heart.  Its  parietes  are  much  thicker  and  stronger 
than  those  of  the  right,  owing  to  its  having  to 
send  the  blood  over  the  whole  system.  The  inner 
surface  has  the  same  general  appearance  as  that 
of  the  right.  The  ColumncB  carnecp.  and  Cordm 
tendinecB  are,  however,  much  stronger.  It  com- 
municates with  the  left  auricle  by  means  of  the 
Mitral  valve;  and  from  it  proceeds  the  largest 
blood-vessel  of  the  body — the  aorta. 

Ventricles  of  the  Larynx,  Ventric'uli  sen 
Sac'culi  larynge'i,  Ventric'uli  Morgagn'ii,  Sinuses 
of  the  larynx,  [¥.)  Ventrieules  ou  Sinus  du  larynx, 
are  two  depressions  in  the  larynx,  comprised  be- 
tween the  superior  and  inferior  ligaments. 

Ventricle,  Pulmonary,  V.  right. 

VENTRICULAR,  Ventricula'rie,  (F.)  Venfri- 
culaire.  Same  etymon  as  Ventricle.  Relating 
to  a  ventricle. 

VEXTRICULE,  Ventricule. 

VEXTRICULE  AORTIQUE,  Ventricle,  left 

—  V.  Cinquieme,  Ventricle,  fifth  —  v.  Droit,  Ven- 
tricle, right — v.  Gauche,  Ventricle,  left — v.  Moyen. 
du  Cerveau,  Ventricle,  middle,  of  the  brain  —  v. 
Pulmonaire,  Ventricle,  right — v.  Quatrihne,  Ven- 
tricle, fourth. 

VEXTRICULES  DU  CERVEAU,  Ventri- 
cles of  the  brain  —  v.  du  Cceur,  Ventricles  of  the 
heart  —  v.  Lateraux,  Ventricles,  lateral. 


VENTRICULI   CORDIS 


961 


VERATRUM   VIRIDE 


VENTRICULI  CORDIS,  Ventricles  of  the 
heart  —  v.  Dilatatio,  G-astrectasis  —  v.  Dissolutio, 
Gastro-malacia  —  v.  Durae  matris,  Sinuses  of  the 
dura  mater  —  v.  EmoUitio,  Gastro-malacia  —  v. 
Exulceratio,  Gastrelcosis  —  v.  Fluxus,  Gastror- 
rhoea — v.  Inflammatio,  Gastritis  —  v.  Laryngei, 
Ventricles  of  the  larynx — v.  Laterales,  see  Ven- 
tricles, lateral,  of  the  brain  —  v.  Magni,  Ventri- 
cles, lateral,  of  the  brain — v.  Majores,  Ventricles, 
lateral — v.  Metamorphosis  gelatiniformis,  Gastro- 
malacia —  V.  Morgagnii,  Ventricles  of  the  larynx 
—  r.  Perforatio,  Gastro-brosis  —  v.  Priores,  Ven- 
tricles, lateral  —  v.  Pseudophlogosis  resolutiva  et 
colliquativa, 'Gastro-malacia — v.  Superiores,  Ven- 
tricles, lateral  —  v.  Tricornes,  Ventricles,  lateral 
— V.  Ulceratio,  Gastrelcosis. 

VENTRICULUS,  Stomach,  Ventricle— v.  An- 
terior, Ventricle,  right  —  v.  Aorticus,  Ventricle, 
left — V.  Arantii,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Ventkicdlus  Callo'sus,  '  Callous  stomach.' 
The  gizzard  or  third  stomach  of  the  gallinaceous 
bird.  (P.)  Gesier.  It  consists  of  a  double-bellied 
or  digastric  muscle ;  is  lined  by  a  firm  cuticle, 
and  forms  a  kind  of  pouch,  depending  from  the 
alimentary  tube,  in  which  the  second  stomach 
terminates,  and  from  which  the  duodenum  or 
Ventriculus  succenturia'tus  issues.  In  the  inte- 
rior of  the  gizzard  there  are  numerous  pebbles, 
which  seem  to  be  destined  to  aid  in  the  tritura- 
tion of  the  food.  The  gizzard  is  an  organ  of 
mastication,  and  is  possessed  of  great  muscular 
power. 

Ventriculus  Cerebelli,  see  Ventricles  of  the 
brain  —  v.  Intestinalis,  Abomasus  —  v.  Posterior, 
Ventricle,  left  —  v.  Primus,  Ventricle,  right  —  v. 
Pulmonalis,  Ventricle,  right  —  v.  Quartus,  see 
Ventricles  of  the  brain  —  v.  Secundus,  Ventricle, 
left  —  V.  Septi  Pellucidi,  see  Ventricles  of  the 
brain — v.  Succenturiatus,  Duodenum. 

VENTRILOQVE,  Engastrimythos. 

VENTRILOQUISM,  see  Engastrimyth. 

VENTRILOQUIST,  Engastrimyth. 

VENTRILOQUY,  see  Engastrimyth. 

VENTRIOSUS,  Abdominous. 

VENTRIPOTENT,  Abdominous. 

VENTROSITAS,  Physconia. 

VENTROSUS,  Abdominous. 
VENTS,  Flatulence. 

VBNTUS,  Wind. 

VEN'ULA,  Phlebion,  diminutive  of  Vena.  See 
Vein.  (F.)  Veinule.  A  small  vein.  Hippocrates 
seems  to  use  it  in  the  same  sense  as  Arteria. 

VENULE  CENTRALES,  Intralobular  veins 
— V.  Intralobulares,  Intralobular  veins. 

VENUS,  Clitoris,  Coition,  Cuprum — v.  Crystals 
of,  Cupri  subacetas  —  v.  Crystaux  de,  Cupri  sub- 
acetas. 

VER  CUCURBITIN,  Tasnia  solium  — 1>.  Cu- 
fane,  Draounculus  —  v.  Filaire,  Dracunculus  —  v. 
de  Gninee,  Dracunculus — v.  Luisant,  Cicindcla — 
V.  de  Medine,  Dracunculus — v.  Soliiaire,  Bothrio- 
cephalus  latus.  Taenia  solium. 

VERATRIA,  Veratrina. 

VERATRI'NA,  Vera'tria,  Ver'atrine;  from 
veratrum.  A  vegetable  alkali,  found  in  the  seeds 
of  Vera'trum  sahadil'la,  V.  officina'le,  Helo'nias 
ojfftcina'lis,  and  Asagrce'a  officina'lis,  which  are 
known  in  commerce  under  the  names  CehadiW a, 
Gevadill'a,  and  Sahadill'a,  and  are  imported 
from  Mexico.  They  usually  occur,  in  commerce, 
mixed  with  the  fruit  of  the  plant,  are  two  or  three 
lines  long,  of  a  black  colour,  and  are  shining,  flat, 
shrivelled,  winged,  and  elastic  seeds.  Veratrine 
is  solid,  white,  pulverulent,  and  inodorous ;  of  a 
very  acrid  taste;  decomposable  by  heat;  very 
soluble  in  water,  and  soluble  in  alcohol.  When 
prepared  in  the  usual  manner,  it  still  contains 
other  substances, —  Sahadil'lin,  Ver'atrin,  gum 
resin  of  the  sabadilla,  and  black  greasy  matter. 
61 


It  is  extremely  poisonous,  and  but  little  used 
internally  in  medicine.  Magendie  gave  it  as 
an  emetic  and  drastic  in  very  small  doses.  It 
has  been  recommended  to  be  applied  in  the  way 
of  friction,  or  endermically,  (from  gr.  v  to  xx  to 
^j  of  lard  or  cerate,)  in  various  neuralgic  affec- 
tions. The  following  is  the  formula  for  its  pre- 
paration in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States  :  —  Take  of  ceradilla,  tbij  ;  alcohol,  2  gal- 
lons ;  sulphuric  acid,  solution  of  ammonia,  purified 
animal  charcoal,  and  magnesia,  each  a  sufficient 
quantity.  Boil  the  eevadilla  in  a  gallon  of  the 
alcohol,  in  a  retort  with  a  receiver  attached,  for 
an  hour,  and  pour  off  the  liquor.  To  the  residue 
add  another  gallon  of  the  alcohol,  together  with 
the  portion  recently  distilled;  again  boil  for  an 
hour,  and  pour  off  the  liquor.  Repeat  the  boiling 
a  third  time  with  the  remaining  alcohol,  and 
with  that  distilled  in  the  previous  operation. 
Press  the  eevadilla,  mix  and  strain  the  liquors, 
and,  by  means  of  a  water-bath,  distil  off  the  alco- 
hol. Boil  the  residue  three  or  four  times  in 
water  acidulated  with  sulphuric  acid,  mix  and 
strain  the  liquors,  and  evaporate  to  the  consist- 
ence of  syrup.  Add  magnesia  in  slight  excess, 
shake  the  mixture  frequently,  then  express  and 
wash  what  remains.  Repeat  the  expression  and 
washing  two  or  three  times,  and  having  dried  the 
residue,  digest  it  with  a  gentle  heat  several  times 
in  alcohol,  and  strain  after  each  digestion.  Distil 
off  the  alcohol  from  the  mixed  liquor,  boil  the 
residue  for  fifteen  minutes  in  water  with  a  little 
sulphuric  acid  and  purified  animal  charcoal,  and 
strain.  Having  thoroughly  washed  what  remains, 
mix  the  washings  with  the  strained  liquor,  eva- 
porate with  a  moderate  heat  to  the  consistence 
of  syrup,  and  then  drop  in  as  much  solution  of 
ammonia  as  may  be  necessary  to  precipitate  the 
veratria.  Lastly,  separate  and  dry  the  precipi- 
tate.    See  Colchicum  autumnale. 

VERATRINE,  Veratrina. 

Veratrine,  Sulphate  of,  Vera'tria  sulphas, 
(F.)  Sulfate  de  Veratrine,  possesses  the  same  vir- 
tues as  veratrine.  A  solution  of  one  grain  in  two 
ounces  of  distilled  water  has  been  suggested  as  a 
substitute  for  the  Ean  medicinale  d'Uusson  —  a 
celebrated  gout  remedy — in  the  dose  of  f^j  to 
fjij. 

VERA'TRUM  ALBUM,  {vere  atrnm,  'truly 
black,'  from  the  colour  of  the  roots  [?]  ).  Hel- 
leb'orus  albus,  Elleh' orxim  album,  Elleborus  albus, 
Cherbachem,  White  hellebore,  Lungwort,  (F.)  Hel- 
lebore blanc.  Sex.  Sijst.  Polygamia  Monoecia. 
Nat.  Ord.  Melanthaceae  (Lindley).  The  root  or 
rhizoma  of  this  common  European  plant  is  in- 
debted to  the  veratrine  for  its  properties.  It  is 
inodorous  ;  has  a  bitterish,  acrid,  nauseous  taste, 
and  is  violently  emetic  and  purgative,  even  when 
applied  to  an  ulcerated  surface.  It  is,  also,  pos- 
sessed of  errhine  properties,  and  acts,  externally, 
as  a  stimulant.  It  is  rarely  exhibited  internally. 
Sometimes  it  is  given  as  a,  sneezing  powder ;  but 
it  operates  with  great  violence.  It  forms,  also, 
an  itch  ointment.     See  Ung.  Veratri. 

Veratrum  Luteum,  Chamalirium  luteum. 

Veratrum  Sabadil'la,  Sabadilla,  Sabatilla, 
Canis  Interfec'tor,  Gaiis'ticum  America'num,  Geva- 
dil'la  JJisjyano'rum,  Sevadilla,  Hor'deum  caus'ti- 
cnm,  (P.)  Cevadille.  The  seeds  of  this  plant, 
Sabadilla,  Cevadilla  (Ph.  U.  S.),  have  been  used, 
mostly  as  anthelmintics.  Dose,  gr.  ij  to  a  child 
four  years  old.  It  possesses  the  same  general 
properties  as  the  veratrum  album. 

Veratrum  Yiu'inv., American  Hellebore, Swamp 
hellebore,  Indian  p>olce,  Indian  Uncas,  Poke  weed. 
Bear  uieed.  Itch  weed,  Ticlde  weed,  Earth  gall, 
Bevilbit,  Wolfbane,  Puppet  root,  is  indigenous  in 
the  swampy  districts  of  almost  every  part  of  tho 
United  States.     Its  properties  are  like  those  of 


VERBASCULUM 


962 


VERONICA 


the  genus.  It  has  been  brought  forward,  how- 
ever, in  recent  times,  in  the  Southern  States,  as 
a  powerful  sedative  in  inflammatory  diseases. 
Dose,  eight  drops  of  a  saturated  tincture. 
VEEBASCULUM,  Primula  veris. 
VERBASCUM  ALBUM,  V.  tbapsus— v.  Ala- 
tum,  V.  thapsus  —  v.  CoUinum,  V.  thapsus  —  v. 
Crassifolium,  V.  thapsus — v.  Elongatum,  V.  thap- 
sus— V.  Lychnitis,  V.  thapsus — v.  Montanum,  V. 
thapsus. 

Verbas'cum  NiGRUif,  (supposed  to  be  a  cor- 
ruption from  Barhascum,  owing  to  its  hairy  coat; 
harha,  '  a  beard.')  Cande'la  re'gia,  Thapsus  bar- 
ha'tiis,  Tapsiis  hurha'tus,  Candela'ria,  Lana'ria, 
Black  Mullein;  and  Verbas'cum  Thapsus,  V. 
thapsoV des  seu  ala'tum  seu  colli'num  seu  album 
seu  crassifo'lium  seu  elonga'tum  seu  lychni'tis 
seu  monta'uum  seu  simplex,  Phlogmus,  Phlomus, 
Phlox,  great  broad-leaved  or  yellow  ilullein.  High 
Taper,  Cow's  Lungivort,  (E.)  Molene,  Bouillon 
blanc,  Bonhomme,  Oierge  de  notre  dame,  Herbe 
Saint-Fiacre.  Ord.  Serophulariaceae,  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia, —  especially  the  latter,— 
have  been  used  as  emollients,  applied  externally 
in  the  form  of  fomentation.  The  large  leaves 
have  been  chosen  for  this  purpose.  Occasionally, 
the  mucilage  which  they  contain  has  been  ex- 
tracted by  decoction  or  infusion,  and  administered 
in  pectoral  affections. 

Verbascum  Simplex,  V.  thapsus  —  v.  Thap- 
soides,  V.  thapsus — v.  Thapsus,  see  V.  nigrum. 

VERBE'NA  HAS'TATA,  F.  panicula'ta,  Blue 
vervain,  Simpler's  Joy,  an  American  species,  is 
more  bitter  than  the  European,  and  said  to  be 
emetic. 

Verbe'na  Officina'lis,  Verbena,  Bichro'mos, 
Verbena'ca,  Periste'rium,  Hierobot'ane,  Herba 
sacra.  Vervain,  Purvain,  (Prov.)  Bcrbine,  Juno's 
Tears,  (F.)  Verveine,  Herbe  d  tons  les  maux ; 
Ord.  Verbenaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogy- 
nia. A  plant  formerly  held  sacred  ;  used  in  sac- 
rifices, and  suspended  round  the  neck  as  an  amu- 
let. In  the  form  of  cataplasm,  it  is  said  to  have 
relieved  obstinate  headaches,  and  to  have  been  of 
service  in  scrofula.  It  is  not  used. 
Verbena  Paniculata,  V.  hastata. 
Verbe'na  Urticifo'lia,  an  indigenous  spe- 
cies, has  been  used  in  poisoning  from  Rhus  Toxi- 
codendron. 

VERBENACA,  Verbena  officinalis. 
VERBESINA    ACMELLA,    Spilanthus    Ac- 
mella. 

Verbesi'na  Virgin'ica,  Crown  Beard.     Indi- 
genous.     Order,  Composite.     A  decoction  of  the 
roots  is  used  by  the  Indians  as  diaphoretic  and 
depurative. 
VERBUS,  Penis. 

VEROOQUIN,  Phreni'tisvermino'sa.  A  form 
ofphrenitis,  attributed  to  the  presence  of  a  worm 
in  the  brain  ! 

VERDET,  Cupri  subacetas. 
VERDIGRIS,  Cupri  subacetas. 
VERENDA,  Genital  organs. 
VERETRUM,  Penis. 

VERGE,  Penis — v.d'Or,  Solidago  virgaurea. 
VERGERETTE     DE     PHILADELPHIE, 
Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 
VERGETURES,  Vibices. 

VER.JUICE,  Ompha'cium,  (F.)  Verjus,  Verd- 
JHs,  (verd,  'green,'  amd  jus,  'juice.')  "The  juice 
of  green  fruits."  A  sour  kind  of  grape.  Also,  an 
acid  liquor,  prepared  from  very  sour  grapes  or 
crab-apples.  It  is  principally  used  in  culinary 
preparations;  although,  occasionally,  an  ingre- 
dient in  medicinal  compounds.     See  Vitis  vini- 

VERJUS,  Verjuice. 

VERMES,  Worms— V.  Cerebri,  Choroid  plexus. 

VERMICELLI,  see  Turunda  Italicse. 


VERMICULAIRE  BRVLANTE,  Sedum. 
VERMICULAR.  Vermiform. 
VERMICULARIS,  Lumbricalis,  Sedum. 

VERMICULI  SPERMATICI,  Spermatozoa. 
VERMIC'ULUM,  Vermyc'ilum.     An  elixir ;  a 
tincture.  —  Ruland  and  Johnson. 

VERMICULUS  CAPILLARIS,  Dracunculus. 

VER'MIFORM,  Vermic'nlar,  Vermicula'ris, 
Vermifor'mis,  (F.)  Vermicnlairc,  Vermi/orme, 
from  vermis,  'a  worm,'  a.nd  forma,  'form.'  That 
which  resembles  a  worm. 

Verji'iform  Peoc"esses,  Proces'sus  seu  Pro- 
tuberan'ticB  seu  apjien' dices  vermiformes.  Vermes, 
Montic'uli  cerebel'li.  Worms,  (F.)  Eminences  ver- 
miformes du  cervelet,  are  two  medullary  projec- 
tions, at  the  surface  of  the  cerebellum.  The  supe- 
rior vermiform  pirocess,  Vermis  superior  cerebelli, 
is  an  elongated  projection,  at  the  anterior  and 
middle  part  of  the  superior  surface  of  the  cerebel- 
lum ;  —  and  the  inferior  vermiform  process.  Ver- 
mis inferior- cerebelli,  Pyr'amid  of  Malacarne,  is 
a  somewhat  larger  projection,  situate  in  the  de- 
pression at  the  inferior  surface  of  the  same  organ. 
The  inferior  vermiform  process  is  usually  de- 
scribed as  consisting  of  three  portions — the  pyra- 
mid, the  uvida,  and  the  nodulus.  The  anterior 
portion  of  the  superior  vermiform  process  is  ele- 
vated, and  termed  Montic'ulus. 

VERMIFUGE,  Anthelmintic. 

Vermifuge,  Mathieu's.  This  consisted  of  twc 
distinct  electuaries;  the  one  for  killing,  the  other 
for  expelling  tape-worm.  The  former  is  made 
of  an  ounce  of  tin  filings,  and  six  drachms  of/er* 
root. 

VERMIFUGUS.  Anthelmintic. 

VERMILION,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru 
brum. 

VERMILION  DE  PROVENCE,  Antimoni\ 
sulphuretum  rubrum. 

VERMINATIO,  Helminthiasis. 

VERMINATION,  CUTANEOUS,  Malis. 

VERMINEUX,  Verminous. 

VERM'INOUS,  Vermino'sus,  (F.)  Vermineux. 
From  vermis,  'a  worm.'  That  which  is  caused 
by  worms  ;  as  '  a  verminous  affection.' 

VERMIS,  see  Vermiform  processes — v.  Bomby- 
cinus,  Cornu  ammonis  —  v.  Cerebelli,  Vermiform 
process — v.  Cerebri,  Fever,  Hungary — v.  Cucur- 
bitinus,  Ta3nia  solium — v.  Digiti,  Paronychia. 

VERMITIO,  Helminthiasis. 

VERNIX  CASEO'SA,  'cheesy  varnish.'  The 
fatty  varnish,  or  deposit,  often  found  on  the  foetus, 
which  is  secreted  by  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the 
skin. 

Vernix  Sicca,  Sandarac. 

VERNO'NIA  ANTHELMIN'TICA,  Ascari'- 
cida  anthelmin'tica,  Calagirah,  Calageri.  A 
plant  which  is  indigenous  in  India.  Ord.  Compo- 
sitse.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  super- 
flua.  It  has  great  celebrity  in  the  East  Indies, 
and  is  a  bitter  tonic;  but  the  seeds  are  chiefly 
used  as  an  anthelmintic,  in  cases  of  ascarides 
and  lumbrici  in  children. 

Verno'nia  Noveboracen'sis,  Iron  weed,  Flat 
top;  an  indigenous  plant ;  whose  purple  flowers 
appear  in  August  and  September,  is  reported  to 
possess  cathartic  properties. 

VEROLE,  Syphilis  — «,  Petite,  Variola  —  v. 
Petite  volante,  Varicella. 

VEROL^,  Syphilitic. 

VE ROLETTE,  Varicella. 

VEROLIQUE,  Syphilitic. 

VERONI'CA,  V.  officina'lis  seu  Tournefor'tii 
seu  mas,  Thea  German' ica,  Beton'ica  Pauli,  Cha- 
mce'drys,  Male  Veronica,  Fluellin,  Officinal. 
Speedwell,  Eyebright,  Paul's  Betony,  (F.)  Vh-oni- 
que,  The  d' Europe,  Herbe  aitx  ladres.    Ord.  Siro- 


VERONIQUE 


963 


VERTEBRAL 


phulariaceas.      Sex.   St/9t.  Diandria    Monogynia. 
This  plant  was  once  used  as  a  pectoral. 

Veronica  Aquatica,  V.  beccabunga. 

Veronica  Beccabu^^'ga,  Beccobimgci,  Anagal'- 
h's  seu  veroni'ca  aquai'ica,  Laver  German'icum, 
Cepa'a,  Water  Phii'jiernel,  BroolcUiiie,  Brook- 
lime  Speedwell,  Wafer  Speedwell,  Neclnoeed, 
Water  Purslain,  (Sc.)  Wafer-purpie,  (F.)  Veroni- 
qite  cresiuiiee.  This  plant  was  furmerl}'  used  in 
a  variet3'  of  diseases.  It  is,  however,  almost  in- 
sipid and  inodorous;  and  has  been  long  banished 
from  practice. 

Veronica  Mas,  Veronica  —  v.  Officinalis,  Ve- 
ronica. 

Veronica  Peregri'na,  Nechweed,  Purslain, 
Speedwell;  indigenous;  flowering  from  April  to 
June,  is  given  internally  in  scrofulosis,  and  is 
applied  as  a  wash  to  scrofulous  tumours. 

Veronica  Purpurea,  Betonica  officinalis — v. 
Tournefortii,  Veronica  —  v.  Virginica,  Leptandra 
Virginica. 

VER  ONIQ  UE,  Veronica — v.  Cressonee,  Vero- 
pica  beccabunga. 

VERPA,  Penis. 

VERRE,  Vitrum  —  v.  d' Antimoine,  Antimonii 
vitrum. 

VERRU'CA,  diminutive  Verru'cula,  Ecphy'ma 
verruca,  Phymato'sis  verruco'sa,  a  Wart,  (Prov.) 
Wret,  (F.)  Verrue,  Poireau.  A  small,  hard,  ma- 
millary tumour,  which  forms  at  the  surface  of  the 
skin,  and  particularly  on  that  of  the  h'ands  and 
face.  Warts  are  generally  rugous  at  the  surface, 
and  broad  at  the  base ;  their  roots  being  implanted 
in  the  derma  by  whitish  filaments,  which  are 
dense,  semifibrous,  and  very  numerous. 

Warts  may  be  destroyed  by  caustic,  or  removed 
by  e.'icision.  Their  vitality  is,  generally,  not  great. 

Verruca  Carnosa,  Condyloma  —  v.  Formica- 
ria,  Formica  —  v.  Minor,  Thymion — v.  Palpebra- 
rum, see  Hydatid  —  v.  Pensilis,  Acrochordon — v. 
Rhasroiilea,  Thymion. 

VERRUCARIA,  Calendula  officinalis,  Helio- 
tropiura  Europseum. 

VERRUCOSE,  Warty. 

VERRUCOUS,  Warty. 

VEKRUCULA,  Verruca. 

VERRUE,  Verruca. 

VERS,  Worms. 

VERSE-CHARMS,  see  Charm. 

VERSIO,  Turning  — v.  Foetiis,  Turning  — v. 
Spontanea,  Evolution,  spontaneous  —  v.  Uteri, 
Hysteroloxia. 

VERSION,  Turning. 
VERT-DE-GRIS,  Cupri  subacetas. 

VERTEBRA  DENTATA,  A.xis— v.  Dorsi 
Prima,  Lophia  —  v.  Lumborum  Prima,  Asphal- 
tites  —  v.  Magna,  Sacrum. 

VER'TEBR^,  Spon'dyli,  Spondles,  Whetle- 
hones,  (P.)  Vertebres ;  from  vertere,  'to  turn.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  the  bones,  which 
by  their  union  form  the  vertebral  or  spinal 
column.  The  vertebrae  are  short,  thick,  very 
angular  bones  ;  twenty-four  in  number,  and  situ- 
ate one  above  another.  The  body — centrum,  of 
Owen — of  the  vertebra  is  the  middle  and  anterior 
portion.  Above  and  below  it  is  articulated,  by 
means  of  a  fibro-cartilage,  with  the  contiguous 
vertebrae.  The  Processes,  (F.)  Masses  apophy- 
saires,  of  each  vertebra  are  : — 1.  The  spinous  j^ro- 
cess,  situate  behind,  and  in  the  median  line. 
2.  The  two  transverse  processes,  standing  off  from 
each  side.  3.  The/ottr  articular,  or  oblique  pro- 
cesses —  zygapophyses,  of  Owen  —  two  superior, 
and  two  inferior — which  serve  to  unite  the  verte- 
bra; with  each  other.  These  transverse  and  arti- 
culating processes  are  made  continuous  with  the 
lateral  and  posterior  parts  of  the  body  of  the  ver- 
tebra by  narrow  bony  portions  or  pedicles,  on 


each  of  which  are  notches.  These,  by  iXJ.i 
union  with  similar  notches  in  the  contiguous  vcr- 
tel)ra,  form  the  lateral  foramina,  (F.)  Trans  da 
conjugaison,  through  which  the  spinal  nerves 
leave  the  vertebral  canal.  The  different  pro- 
cesses are  united  with  each  other,  so  as  to  form 
a  kind  of  ring  of  the  lateral  and  posterior  parts 
of  the  vertebra;  and  the  foramen,  within  this, — 
that  is,  between  the  body  and  processes,  yo;-n'/;i€Jt 
vertebra'le,  rachid'ium,  —  concurs  in  forming  the 
vertebral  canal.  The  arch  or  lamina  of  a  verte-- 
bra,  neurapoph'ysis,  is  the  part  from  which  the 
several  processes  project.  The  vertebrae  have 
particular  characters,  according  to  the  regions 
they  occupy.  They  are  divided  into  seven  cervi- 
cal, twelve  dorsal,  and  five  lumbar.  The  first 
cervical  is  called  atlas  j  the  second,  axis  or  verte- 
bra dentata ;  and  the  seventh,  vertebra  proeini- 
nens.  The  vertebree  are  articulated  with  each 
other.  Those  of  the  back  are  joined,  moreover, 
to  the  ribs  by  their  articulating  surfaces — piara- 
popihyses.  The  first  or  atlas  is  articulated  with 
the  occipital  bone;  and  the  last  lumbar  vertebra 
with  the  sacrum.  The  cervical  vertebrfe  are  de- 
veloped by  nine  points  of  ossification;  the  dorsal 
and  lumbar  by  eight. 

VER'TEBRAL,  Vertebra'Us.  That  which  re- 
lates or  belongs  to  the  vertebrae. 

Vertebral  Artery,  Posterior  cerebral  artery, 
(Ch.),  is  the  largest  of  the  branches  of  the  sub- 
clavian. It  arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  that 
vessel;  is  lodged  in  a  cannl,  (F.)  Petit  canal  ver- 
tebral, formed  by  the  foramina  in  the  transverse 
processes;  enters  the  cranium,  and  proceeds  to 
anastomose  with  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side, 
and  to  form  the  Basilary  artery.  Besides  the 
branches  sent  to  the  neck,  the  vertebral  artery 
gives  off  the  anterior  and  p>osterior  spinal  arteries, 
and  the  inferior  cerebellous,  in  the  cavity  of  the 
cranium. 

Vertebral  Colujin,  Rachis,  Rhaehis,  Notos, 
Acnes'tis,  Cari'na,  C.  Jiom'inis,  Spina,  S.  dorsi 
seu  vertebra'lis,  Colum'na  spina'lis  seu  verte- 
bra'lis  seu  dorsi.  Dorsum,  Tergum,  Compa'ges 
Vertebra'rum,  Acan'tha,  Sacra  fis'tula,  Hi'era  Sy- 
rinx, Spine,  Back  bone,  (Sc.)  Backsprent,  (F.)  Co- 
lonne  vertebrale,  Epine  du  dos,  Echine.  A  kind 
of  bony  column,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  cen- 
tral part  of  the  trunk  ;  extending  from  the  head 
to  the  sacrum;  flexible  in  every  direction,  yet 
very  solid  and  hollowed  by  a  canal  called  verte- 
bral, which  gives  it  lightness  without  diminishing 
its  strength,  and  runs  through  its  whole  length. 
The  vertebral  column  is  formed  by  the  superpo- 
sition of  the  vertebras.  It  represents  a  pyramid, 
whose  base  is  below.  Anteriorly,  it  is  convex  in 
the  neck ;  concave  in  the  back,  and  convex,  again, 
in  the  loins.  Behind,  the  curvatures  are  of  course 
the  reverse  of  these.  There  is  also,  in  the  dorsal 
region,  a  lateral  curvature,  the  concavity  of  which 
is  towards  the  left  side.  Considered  as  a  whole, 
the  vertebral  column  has  an  anterior  or  prespinal 
surface;  a.  posterior  or  spinal;  two  lateral;  a 
base  ;  and  an  apiex  or  top.  In  the  nomenclature 
of  Chaussier,  the  anterior  surface,  in  the  neck,  is 
called  trachelian  ;  in  the  back,  prcdorsal ;  and 
in  the  loins,  prelumbnr,  The  dorsal  surface  has, 
at  its  middle,  the  spinous  processes;  and,  at  its 
sides,  the  vertebral  gutters,  (F.)  Gouttieres  verti- 
brales,  formed  by  the  succession  of  the  vertebral 
plates,  (F.)  Lames  vertebrales,  which,  by  their 
junction,  constitute  the  spinous  processes.  These 
are  filled  by  the  sacro-spinalis  muscle.  The  sides 
or  lateral  surfaces  present  the  foramina  resulting 
from  the  union  of  the  vertebral  notches,  (F.) 
Echancrures  vertebrales.  These  are  called  verte- 
bral foramina,  (F.)  Trous  de  conjugaison,  and 
give  passage  to  the  vertebral  nerves.     The  base 


VERTEBRATED 


964 


VESICAL 


of  the  vertebral  column  is  oblique,  to  unite  with 
the  sacrum ;  and  forms  with  it  an  angle,  called 
sacro-vertebral  angle  or  jivomontory.  The  apex 
or  top  of  the  vertebral  column  is  articulated  with 
the  occipital  bone.  Sometimes,  the  term  verte- 
bral column  includes  the  whole  of  the  column 
from  the  occipital  bone  to  the  extremity  of  the 
cocej-x.  The  Vertebral  or  Spinal  or  liachid'ian 
Canal,  Solen,  Gana'lis  medulla  Spina'lts,  Specns 
pro  medull'a  Spina'li  seu  vertebra' lie,  exists 
through  the  whole  of  the  vertebral  column,  whose 
curvatures  it  follows.  It  is  continuous,  above, 
with  the  cranium  ;  below,  with  the  sacral  canal, 
if  we  consider  the  vertebrae  to  terminate  at  the 
sacrum.  It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  me- 
ninges, forming  the  Thecu  vertebra'lis,  and  lodges 
the  spinal  marrow. 

The  vertebral  column,  which  unites  lightness 
with  solidity,  serves  to  support  the  head  and 
chest.  It  is  the  seat  of  all  the  movements  of  the 
trunk,  the  weight  of  which  it  transmits  to  the 
pelvis.  It  lodges  and  protects  the  spinal  marrow, 
and  gives  passage  to  the  vertebral  nerves,  and  to 
numerous  vessels. 

Vertebral  Disease,  Rachial'gia  (of  some,) 
Caries  of  the  Ver'tebrce,  Spondi/larthroc'ace,  Spon- 
dyloc'ace,  Kypho'sia  inflammato' ria  seu  para- 
lyt'ica,  Gibbos'itaa  cario'sa,  Ca'ries  vertebra'- 
rtim,  Spondylal'gia,  Spondylopyo'sis,  Tnbercnlo'sis 
Vertebra' rum.  The  spinal  column  is  liable  to 
distortion,  (see  Hump,)  at  times,  without  the  ver- 
tebrae being  much,  if  at  all,  diseased.  At  other 
times,  a  more  formidable  affection  is  induced  ;  the 
vertebrae  becoming  carious,  and  the  interverte- 
bral cartilages  ulcerated;  followed  by  a  more  or 
less  complete  loss  of  power  over  the  lower  extre- 
mities. In  such  case,  on  examining  the  spine, 
one  or  more  of  the  spinous  processes  is  found  to 
project  beyond  the  rest.  The  disease  was  first 
well  described  by  Mr.  Percival  Pott;  and,  hence, 
it  has  been  called,  by  the  French,  Jfaladie  de 
Pott,  3Ialum  seu  Gibbits  Pot'tii,  Pott's  disease  or 
curvature.  It  usually  occurs  in  scrofulous  sub- 
jects, and  the  treatment  consists  in  establishing 
a  counter-irritation  by  blisters,  issues,  or  the 
moxa,  opposite  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
diseased  vertebra.  The  sore  must  be  suffered  to 
remain  open  and  the  patient  l^ept  in  the  horizon- 
tal posture  until  the  use  of  the  limbs  is  recovered  ; 
employing  tonics,  the  free  admission  of  fresh  air, 
&c.,  at  the  same  time. 

Vertebral  Lig'aments,  (F.)  Ligaments  ver- 
tehranx,  Surtouts  ligamenteux  de  la  colonne  ver- 
tebrale,  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  pos- 
terior. They  consist  of  long,  ligamentous  cover- 
ings ;  the  anterior  occupying  the  anterior  part 
of  the  vertebral  column  ;  and  the  posterior  seem- 
ing to  arise  from  the  occipito-axoid  ligament,  and 
seated  behind  the  bodies  of  the  vertebrae,  from 
the  axis  to  the  sacrum. 

Vertebral  Nerve,  Trisplanchnic. 

Vertebral  Nerves,  Spinal  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs 
rachidieus,  spring  successively  from  the  spinal 
marrow  ;  from  its  origin  to  its  termination.  These 
nerves — 30  pairs  in  all — arise  by  two  roots;  one 
anterior,  from  the  anterior  or  an'tero-lat'eral 
column  of  the  spinal  marrow,  and  the  other  pos- 
terior, from  the  po«i!e)'?'f>;'  or  pos' tero-lat' eral  co- 
lumn, and  afterwards  issue  by  the  vertebral  and 
sacral  foramina.  Each  of  these  roots  seems  to 
have  a  distinct  function  ;  the  posterior  being  des- 
tined to  convey  sensation  to  parts;  the  anterior, 
motion.  On  the  posterior  root,  before  its  junction 
with  the  anterior,  there  is  a  ganglion.  Of  the  30 
pairs,  7  are  cervical  nerves,  12  dorsal,  5  lumbar, 
and  6  sacral.      See  Nerves. 

VER'TEBRATED,  Vertebra' tus,  {¥.)  VertebrL 
Provided  with  vertebrae. 


VEETEBRES,  Vertebrae. 

VERTEBRODYMIA,  see  Somatodymia. 

VERTEBRO-ILIAC  LIGAMENT,  Ileo-lum- 
bar  ligament. 

VERTEX,  Cor'yphe,  Acrori'a,  Spon'dylus. 
The  top  or  highest  part  or  crown  of  the  head 
(Sc.)  Cantel,  Now,  Pallat,  Palad.     See  Sinciput. 

Vertex  Cordis,  Mucro  Cordis  —  v.  Cubiti, 
Olecranon  —  v.  Palpitans,  Fontanella. 

VERTIBULUM,  Trepan. 

VERTICULA,  Articulation. 

VERTICULUM,  Articulation. 

VERTICULUS,  Articulation. 

VERTIGE,  Vertigo. 

VERT1G"IN0US,  Vertigino'sus,  (Old  Eng. 
and  Prov.)  Totty,  (F.)  Vertiginevx.  Relating  or 
pertaining  to  vertigo;   Giddy,  Dizzy. 

VERTI'GO,  from  vertere,  'to  turn;'  Dinos, 
Ilin'gos,  jDi?ius  seu  Hallucina'tio  seu  Autal'gia 
vertigo,  Circumgyra'tio,  Gid'diness,  Diz'ziness, 
Swimming  of  the  head,  (Prov.)  Swee,  Swinnying , 
(F.)  Vertige,  Etourdissement.  A  state  in  which 
it  seems  that  all  objects  are  turning  round;  or 
that  the  individual  himself  is  performing  a  move- 
ment of  gyration.  Two  varieties  have  been  de- 
signated; —  sim^yle  vertigo,  where  the  objects  are 
seen;  and  scotodyniu,  in  which  the  sight  is  ob- 
scured, and  the  individual  often  falls.  Vertigo 
is  dependent  upon  the  condition  of  the  brain  ; 
and  often  announces  an  attack  of  apoplexy  or 
epilepsy. 

Vertigo  Tenebricosa,  Scotodynia. 

VERUGAS  (S.),  from  verruca.  A  peculiar 
disease  affecting  certain  localities  of  Peru,  which 
manifests  itself  by  sore-throat,  pains  in  the  bones, 
and  other  febrile  symptoms.  In  the  course  of  a 
few  days,  an  eruption  of  red  pimples  or  boils  ap- 
pears. These  sometimes  increase  in  magnitude 
till  they  become  nearly  as  large  as  an  egg,  and 
discharge  blood  copiously.  It  is  ascribed  to  the 
water  of  certain  springs  in  the  valleys,  and  espe- 
cially in  that  of  Surea  :  called  Agua  ae  Vertiga. 
—  Tschudi. 

VERU  MONTANUM,  Gallinaginis  caput, 

VERVAIN,  Verbena  officinalis— t.  Blue,  Ver- 
bena hastata. 

VER  VEINE,  Verbena  officinalis. 

VESA'NIA,  Vesa'nieB,  'madness.'  Derange- 
ment of  the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties,  with- 
out conia  or  fever.  Many  nosologists  have  used 
this  as  a  generic  term;  under  which  they  have 
included  the  different  species  of  mental  alienation, 
hypochondriasis,  somnambulism,  and  even  hydro- 
phobia.    See  Nosology. 

Vesania  Mania,  Mania. 

Vesani^,  Insanity. 

VESICA  BILIARIA,  Gall-bladder— v.  Cordis, 
see  Pericardium — v.  Fellea,  Gall-bladder — v.  In- 
testinalis,  Vesicula  umbilicalis — v.  Prostatica,  see 
Ejaculatory  ducts — v.  Saecata,  Cystostenocho- 
ria  —  V.  Urinaria,  Urinary  bladder. 

Vesica  Irritaeilitas,  Cysterethismus  —  v. 
Unguinosae  tendinum.  Bursas  mucosae. 

VES'ICAL,  Vesica'lis,  from  vesica,  'the  blad- 
der.' That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  blad- 
der. 

Vesical  Arteries  vary  in  number  and  origin. 
The  umbilical  artery  always  sends  off  two  or 
three:  the  middle  hemorrhoidal,  internal  pudic, 
and  obturator  furnish  others,  which  ramify  and 
anastomose  in  the  parietes  of  the  bladder;  the 
hypogastric  furnishes  one  which  is  somewhat 
larger,  the  Vesico-prostatie  (Ch.),  and  proceeds 
to  the  bas-fond  of  the  bladder,  sending  numerous 
ramifications  to  it  as  well  as  to  the  surrounding 
parts. 
Vesical  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  Ganglion  — 


VESICARIUM 


965 


VESTIBULE 


V.  Ligaments,  see  Urinary  bladder — v.  Oxyd, 
Oxyd,  cystic — v.  Triangle,  see  Urinary  bladder. 

Vesical  Veins,  much  more  numerous  than  the 
arteries,  open  into  the  hj-pogastric  plexus. 

Vesicant,  Blister,  Epispastic. 

VESICARIUM,  Ovarium. 

VESICA'TION,  Vesica'tio;  from  vesica,  'a. 
bladder.'  The  action  of  a  vesicant.  The  forma- 
tion of  blisters. 

VESICATOIRE,  BWsier  — v.  Magistral,  Ma- 
gistral. 

VESICATOmUM,  Blister. 

VESICLE,  Vesicula— V.  Allantoid,  Allantois— 
V.  Blastodermic,  see  Molecule  —  v.  Cowpox,  see 
Vaccination. 

Vesicle  ov  Development,  F.  of  Evolution.  A 
vesicle  or  cyst  concerned  in  histogeny. 

Vesicle  of  Evolution,  V.  of  Development  — 
V.  Germinal,  see  Molecule  —  v.  Purkinjean,  see 
Molecule  —  v.  Umbilical,  Vesicula  umbilicaiis. 

VESICLES,  ASCHERSO'NIAN.  When  fluid 
fat  and  fluid  albumen  are  shaken  together,  the 
resulting  fat  globules  become  surrounded  by  an 
albuminous  layer.  The  vesicles,  thus  formed,  are 
called  after  Ascherson,  their  discoverer. 

Vesicles  of  db  Graaf,  Folliculi  Graafian!  — 
V.  Seminal,  Vesioulse  seminales. 

VESICOCE'LE.     Badly  compounded  for  Cys- 

VES'ICO-U'TERINE,  Vesi' co-uteri' nns,  from 
vesica,  'the  bladder,' and  'uterus.'  Appertaining, 
or  relating  to,  the  bladder  and  uterus. 
Vesico-ttterine  Folds,  see  Uterus. 
VES'ICO-VAG"INAL,  Vexi' co-vagina' lis, 
Vag"ino-ves'ieal.  Relating  to  the  bladder  and 
the  vagina;  as  vesico-vaginal fistula. 

VESICULA,  Ci/stinx,  Ves'icle,  Blister,  (F.) 
Vesicule ;  diminutive  of  vesica,  '  a  bladder.'  A 
small  bladder  or  cyst. 

Vesicula,  Ves'icle,  EcpJily'sis,  Cystiux,  in  pa- 
thology, means  a  small  orbicular  elevation  of  the 
cuticle  containing  lymph,  which  is  sometimes 
clear  and  colourless,  but  often  opake  and  whitish 
or  pearl- coloured.  It  is  succeeded,  either  by  a 
scurf,  or  by  a  laminated  scab. 

Vesicula  .3<1nigmatosa,  Vesicula  umbilicaiis 
—  V.  Alba,  Vesicula  umbilicaiis  —  v.  Bills,  Gall- 
bladder—  V.  Blastodermatica,  see  Molecule  —  v. 
Blastodermica,  see  Molecule — v.  Chyli,  Recepta- 
culum  chyli  —  v.  Erythroidea,  Erythroid  vesicle 
— V.  Fellis,  Gall-bladder — v.  Gangrtenescens,  see 
Anthrax — v.  Germinativa,  see  Molecule — v.  Om- 
phalo-mesenterica,  Vesicula  umbilicaiis — v.  Ova- 
lis,  Vesicula  umbilicaiis  —  v.  Prolifera,  see  Mole- 
cule—  V.  Prostatica,  see  Ejaeulatory  ducts. 

Vesic'ula  Umbilica'lis,  V.  alba  seu  om'phalo- 
mesenter' ica  seu  cenigmato'sa  seu  ova'lis,  Vesi'ca 
intestinulis,  Vitellic' ulus,  Umhil'ical  or  Intestinal 
Vesicle,  Vit'elline  Pouch,  Vitell'icle.  A  small, 
pyriform,  round,  or  spheroidal  sac,  which,  about 
the  fifteenth  or  twentieth  day  after  fecundation, 
is  of  the  size  of  a  common  pea,  and  probably  ac- 
quires its  greatest  dimensions  in  the  course  of  the 
third  or  fourth  week.  After  the  seventh  week,  it 
becomes  shrivelled  and  disappears  insensibly.  It 
seems  to  be  situate  between  the  chorion  and  am- 
nion, and  is  commonly  adherent  either  to  the 
outer  surface  of  the  amnion,  or  to  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  chorion,  but  at  times  is  loose  between 
them.  The  vitelline  ped'-icle,  which  attaches  the 
vesicle  to  the  embryo,  is  continuous  with  the  intes- 
tinal canal ;  and,  up  to  twenty  or  thirty  days  of 
embryonic  life,  is  hollow, —  Ductus  om'phalo-me- 
senter'icus  seu  vitello-intestina'lis  seu  viteUa'rius, 
vitelline  Duct.  Its  arteries  are  the  omphalo-me- 
senteric.  The  vitelline  fluid,  contained  in  the 
vesicle — in  the  Vitelline  or  Y(jlk  membrane — has 
been  compared,  from  analogy,  to  the  vitellua  or 


yolk  of  birds;  and,  like  it,  is  an  oleaginous  sub- 
stance, and  presumed  to  be  inservient  to  the  nu- 
trition of  the  embryo. 

VESICUL.3E  constitute  the  6th  order  of  Bate- 
man's  classification  of  Cutaneous  Diseases. 

VesicuLjE,  see  Villous  membranes  —  v.  Divse 
Barbarae,  Variola  confluens  —  v.  Gingivarum, 
Aphthas — V.  Pulmonales,  see  Cellule — v.  Rotundas 
eervieis  uteri,  Nabothi  glandular — v.  Sanguinis. 
Globules  of  the  blood  —  v.  Seminales  mulierum, 
Nabothi  glandulae  —  v.  Spermaticse,  Vesicula? 
seminales. 

Vesiculjb  Semina'les,  V.  Semina'ria  seu  sper- 
mat'iccB,  Gap'sidcB  semina'les,  Conceptac'ida  setni- 
naria,  G on ecys' tides,  Sem'inal  res'icles,  (F.)  VSsi- 
eiiles  seminales,  Gardouches,  Greniers,  are  two 
small  membranous  sacs,  which  serve  as  reservoirs 
for  the  sperm,  and  probably  secrete  a  fluid  to  bfc 
mixed  with  the  sperm.  They  are  situate  beneath 
the  bladder,  and  above  the  rectum,  behind  the 
prostate  and  to  the  outer  side  of  the  vasa  defe- 
rentia.  They  are  of  an  irregular  conoidal  shape; 
flattened  from  above  to  below  ;  embossed  on  their 
surface,  and  of  a  grayish  tint.  Their  piosterior 
edctremity  ox  fundus  terminates  by  a  round  cul-de- 
sac.  Their  anterior  extremity  or  neck  is  narrow 
and  elongated,  and  is  continuous  with  the  excre- 
tory duct  of  the  vesicula.  This  duct  joins  the 
vas  deferens,  and  forms  with  it  the  ejaeulatory 
duct.  The  interior  of  the  vesiculas  exhibits  seve- 
ral cells,  which  communicate  with  each  other,  and 
are  lined  by  a  very  thin,  mucous  membrane. 

VESICULAR,  Vesicula'ris,  (F.)  Vesiculaire. 
Of  or  belonging  to  a  vesicle : — full  of  or  contain- 
ing small  vesicles  or  cells.  The  cortical  or  gray 
matter  of  the  brain  is  sometimes  termed  vesicular. 
See  Cortex  cerebri  and  Neurine. 

Fi^^/Cf7Z£',  Vesicula— -y.  BiUaire,  Gall-blad- 
der—  v.  du  Fiel,  Gall-bladder  —  v.  Germinntive, 
see  Molecule  —  v.  OcuUfhe,  see  Folliculi  Graa- 
fiani. 

VESICULES  DE  GRAAF,  Folliculi  Graafiani 
— V.  de  Sn-inte  Barbe,  Variola  confluens — v.  Semi- 
nales, Vesiculee  seminales. 

VESICULO-TYMPAA^IT'IC,  Vesic'ulo-tym- 
panit'icus.  An  epithet  for  a  sound  or  resonance 
heard  on  percussion,  which  consists  of  the  vesi- 
cular and  tj'mpanitic  sounds  combined.  It  occurs 
when  the  parenchyma  of  the  lungs  is  incompletely 
solidified.  — Flint. 

VESPA,  Wasp. 

VESSEL,  Vas,  Vusum,  diminutive  Vascuhim, 
Angei'on,  Angos,  Conceptac' ulum,  from  (L.)  vas, 
vascxdum,  (F.)  Vaisseau.  A  canal,  more  or  less 
elastic,  formed  by  the  superposition  of  mem- 
branes, and  distinguished,  according  to  its  uses 
and  general  arrangement,  into  Artery,  Vein,  and 
Lymphatic.     See,  also.  Vascular. 

VESSELOUP,  Lycoperdon. 

VESSIE,  Urinary  bladder — v.  a  Colonnes,  see 
Urinary  bladder  —  v.  Col  de  la,  Collum  vesicae. 

VESSIE  NATATOIRE,  Air-bladder. 

VESTIBULAR  NERVE,  see  Auditory  nerve. 

VES'TIBULE,  Vestib'ulum,  from  vestio,  'to 
cover.'     The  porch  or  entrance  to  a  house. 

Vestibule.  Vestib'vlum,  V.  Vagi'ncB,  Prona'us, 
Atrium  Vagi'ncp,,  Avib'itus  genita'lis  mnlie'bris, 
is  a  smooth  cavity  between  the  perina3um  and 
nymph*  in  the  female,  which  leads  to  two  pas- 
sages—  to  the  urethra  above,  and  to  the  vagina 
below. 

Ves'tibule  of  the  Ear,  Vestib'ulum,  V.  lahy- 
rin'thi,  (F.)  Vestibule.  A  cavity  of  an  irregular 
shape,  which  forms  part  of  the  labyrinth  or  in- 
ternal ear.  The  vestibule  is  situate  on  the  inner 
side  of  the  tympanum  :  on  the  outer  side  of  the 
meatus  auditorius  internus;  before  the  semicircu- 
lar canals,  and  behind  the  cochlea.     It  is  lined 


VESTIBULUM   LABYRlNini      966 


VIC-LE-COMPTE 


by  a  particular  membrane,  and  contains  the  liquor 
of  Ootunnius  and  branches  of  the  auditory  nerve. 
There  is  also  another  membrane,  constituting  the 
mein'branous  vestibule,  but  it  is  not  an  exact  imi- 
tiiti'in  of  the  osseous  cavity.  It  is  composed  of 
two  distinct  sacs,  which  open  into  each  other  — 
the  sac'eulus  vestib'uli,  and  the  sacciilus.  There 
an."  three  contiguous  cavities  in  the  vestibule  ;  one 
of  which,  the  semi-oval,  is  situate  above  ;  another, 
the  hemispherical,  below  ;  and  the  third,  or  sulci- 
/orm,  which  is  the  orifice  of  the  aquseduetus  ves- 
tibuli,  behind. 

VESTIBULUM  LABYRINTHI,  Vestibule  of 
the  ear  —  v.  Vaginas,  Vestibule. 

VESTIGE  (F.)  Vesti(j"ium,  'a  vestige,'  'a 
trace.'  A  kind  of  fracture  of  flat  bones,  consist- 
ing of  a  simple  incision  having  the  mark  of  the 
instrument  that  caused  it.  The  term  is  also  ap- 
plied to  a  part  of  the  body,  which  may  have  no 
fivident  use  in  man,  and  yet  may  be  greatly  em- 
ployed in  animals.  For  example,  the  muscles  of 
the  external  ear  in  man  are  almost  devoid  of  use, 
or  are  vestiges  oi  what  they  are  in  certain  animals. 

VESTIGIUM,  Sole,  Vestige  — v.  Foraminis 
ovalis,  Ovalis  fossa — v.  Pedis,  Metatarsus., 

VESTI'TUS,  Esthe'mn,  Esthe'sis,  Res  vestia'- 
ria.  Clothing,  Dress,  Vesture,  (F.)  Vetement,  from 
vestire,  vestitam,  '  to  clothe.'  Any  substance  used 
for  the  purpose  of  covering  nakedness,  or  pre- 
serving from  atmospheric  temperature  by  being 
worn  on  the  body.  The  best  clothing  in  winter 
is  composed  of  articles  that  are  bad  conductors 
of  caloric,  and  do  not  admit  of  ready  evaporation 
of  the  matter  of  perspiration.  In  this  respect, 
woollen  vestments  deserve  the  first  place,  and 
cotton  the  second.  Colour  has  likewise  to  be  re- 
garded—  the  darkest  hues  transmitting  the  heat 
most  readily  through  them.  It  has  been  found  that 
the  came  rule  applies  to  odours —  the  darjser  co- 
lours retaining  a  greater  amount  of  odorous  par- 
ticles than  the  lighter.  Hence  the  necessity  of 
white  walls,  white  bed-clothes,  Ac,  in  the  wards 
of  hospitals;  for  it  is  probable  that  the  like  law 
applies  to  contagious  miasms. 

VESTURE,  Vestitus. 

VETA,  Puna. 

VETEMENT,  A'estitus. 

VETERANA,  Rubeola. 

VETERINARIUS,  see  Hippiater  and  Veteri- 
nary. 

VET'ERINARY,  Veterina'rins,  (F.)  Veteri- 
naire,  from  veterinns,  'that  which  bears  burdens  ;' 
itself,  perhaps,  from  vehiterinus,  from  vehere,  'to 
carry.'  That  which  appertains  to  beasts  of  bur- 
den :  hence,  veterinary  surgeon,  (see  Farrier, ) 
veterinary  college,  and  veterinary  medicine. 

Veterinary  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

Veterinary  Art,  Ars  sou  IJediei'na  veterina'- 
ria,  Zooi'asis,  Zoiatri'n,  Theriat'rica,  Muloniedi- 
ci'na,  Zootherajn' a,  Zootherapeu' tice,  Ars  zoiat'- 
rica,  Far'riery.  The  art  of  treating  the  diseases, 
&c.,  of  cattle. 

VETERNOSITAS,  Coma  vigil. 

VETERNUS,  Coma  vigil. 

VETIVERIA  ODORATA.  Andropogon  mu- 
ricatus. 

VETTONICA,  Betonica  officinalis. 

VETULA,  Sacrum. 

VEXILLA  TUBARUM  FALLOPII,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

VEXILLUM,  Drapean. 

VIA,  Way  —  v.  Curandi,  Ratio  medendi  —  v. 
Stomachi  et  ventris,  CEsophagus. 

VIABILITY,  see  Viable. 

VI'ABLE,  Viab'ilis,  from  via,  '  way  ;'  or  from 
(F.)  vie,  'life,'  (Orfila.)  A  word,  which  may  be 
introduced  with  great  advantage  from  the  French 
into  our  language.  It  is  an  epithet  applied  to  a 
foetus  whose  organs  are  properly  formed,  and  so 


developed  as  to  permit  its  continued  existence. 
Every  foetus  is  not  viable.  Anencephali  have 
lived  ten  or  twelve  days,  yet  they  are  not  viable. 
The  older  the  foetus,  the  more  viable  is  it.  It  is 
an  idle  prejudice  that  a  child,  born  at  the  end  of 
eight  months,  is  less  likely  to  live  than  one  born 
at  the  end  of  seven.  The  signs  of  viability  are 
drawn  from  the  weight,  length,  external  confor- 
mation, &c.,  of  the  foetus.  It  may  be  laid  down 
as  a  general  rule,  that  no  foetus  born  before  the 
end  of  the  seventh  month  is  viable. 

VI^  CHYLIFER.^,  Chyliferous  vessels. 

Vl^  Clandes'tin^,  Clandestine  Passages. 
Supposititious  secret  ways  or  passages  or  'royal 
roads,'  to  account  for  the  rapid  transmission  of 
substances  taken  into  the  stomach  to  the  kidneys 
or  bladder. 

VijE  ExtraordinaeIjE  Lactis,  Galactoplania 
— V.  Lacrymales,  Lachrymal  passages — v.  Primae, 
Ways,  digestive  —  v.  Secundie,  Ways,  second. 

VIAL.  Phiala. 

VI ANDES  FAISANDEES,  see  Hyposaprus. 

VIBI'CES,  ilol'opes.  Stria,  (F.)  Vergetures, 
'Stripes.'  Large  purple  spots,  like  the  marks 
produced  by  the  strokes  of  a  whip,  which  appear 
under  the  skin  in  certain  malignant  fevers.  They 
are  unfavourable  indications,  as  they  denote  great 
prostration. 

VIBRAMEN,  Oscillation. 

VIBRANS,  Vibratory. 

VIIiRATILE,  Vibratory. 

VIBRATIL'ITY,  Vibrutil'itas,  (F.)  Vibra- 
tilite,  from  vibrure,  vibratum,  'to  quiver.'  Capa- 
bility of  being  thrown  into  vibration. 

VIBRATIO,  Oscillation— V.  Cardiaca,  Palpita- 
tion—  V.  Cordis,  Palpitation. 

VIBRATION,  PECTORAL,  see  Frcioitus— v. 
Tactile,  see  Fremitus  —  v.  Tussive,  see  Tussive. 

VIBRATIONS  OF  SOUND,  see  Sound. 

VIBRATOR,  Deferens  vas. 

Vl'BRATORY,  Vibrans,  Vi'brative,  (F.)  Vi- 
bratile,  Vibratoire.  An  epithet  applied  to  the 
pain  that  accompanies  some  neuralgia?,  which 
seems  to  the  patient  to  vibrate  among  the  nerves. 

Vibratory  Motion,  see  Cilia. 

VIBRATUS,  Oscillation. 

VIB'RIO  :  from  vibrure,  '  to  quiver.'  A  genus 
of  infusory  animalcules,  of  which  different  species 
are  met  with,  —  for  example,  Vib'rio  pro' lifer  in 
almost  all  putrescent  fluids  containing  protein, 
and  in  the  pus  of  chancres ;  in  which  last  the  F. 
linenla  has  likewise  been  found. 

VIBRIS'S^E.  Same  etymon.  The  hairs  which 
grow  at  the  entrance  of  the  nostrils  and  of  other 
outlets.     In  tlie  feline  tribe,  the  whiskers. 

VIBURNUM  CASSINOIDES,  Ilex  Para- 
guensis. 

Vibdr'num  Denta'tum,  Arroio  Wood,  Mealy 
Tree,  Tily  of  the  Indians.  Ord.  Caprifoliaceae. 
A  high  indigenous  shrub,  of  the  same  family  as 
V.  lentago;  the  bark  of  which  has  been  used  by 
the  Indians  as  a  diuretic. 

Viburnum  Edii'le  flourishes  in  the  Hudson's 
Bay  territory.  The  fruit  has  an  orange  colour, 
and  is  less  acid,  more  fleshy,  and  more  agreeable 
to  the  taste  than  the  cranberry. 

Viburnum  L^evigatum,  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

Viburnum  Lenta'go,  Sweet  Viburnum,  Nanny- 
berry.  A  handsome  indigenous  tree,  of  the  ho- 
nej'suckle  family — Caprifoliacese — which  flowers 
in  May  and  June.  It  has  been  used  as  an  anti- 
periodic. 

Vibur'num  PRUNlt'O'LlUM,  Blaclc  Haw,  Sloe- 
leaved  Viburnum,  Sloe.  Indigenous:  flowering 
in  May.     The  leaves  have  been  used  as  tea. 

Viburnum,  Slow-leaved,  V.  prunifolium — v. 
Sweet,  V.  lentago. 

VIC-LE-COMPTE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.    Vic-le-Compte  is  a  small  village  in  the  de- 


VICARIOUS 


967 


VINUM 


partment  of  Puy  de  D&me,  three  leagues  from 
Issoire ;  where  there  is  an  acidulous  chalybeate, 
which  is  aperient. 

VICA'llIOUS,  Vica'n'us,  from  vrois,  'change, 
place.'  Taking  the  place  of  another: — as  'vica- 
rious secretion,'  Secre'tio  vica'ria;  a  secretion 
which  takes  place  in  one  part  instead  of  another. 
VICAR'S  BRAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  spring  is  situate  in  Perthshire,  Scotland, 
about  two  miles  from  Dollor,  and  near  to  Blarn- 
gone.  The  water  is  one  of  the  strongest  chaly- 
beates  known. 
VJCE,  Cachosis. 

VICE  DE  CONFORMATION.  Faulty  for- 
mation of  a  part  of  the  body. 

VICHY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Carbo- 
nated alkaline  chalybeates,  the  sources  of  which 
are  at  Vichy,  six  leagues  from  Moulins,  in  the 
department  of  AUier.  The  springs  are  seven  in 
number.  Almost  all  are  thermal ;  give  off  bub- 
bles of  carbonic  acid  gas,  and  have  a  slightly  sul- 
phureous odour.  They  deposite  carbonates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  and  a  little  oxide  of  iron ; 
and  afford,  on  analysis,  carbonates  of  lime,  soda, 
iron,  and  magnesia,  carbonic  acid,  sulphate  of 
soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium.  They  are  em- 
ployed as  tonics,  particularly  in  chronic  affections 
of  the  abdominal  viscera,  in  old  catarrhs,  diseases 
of  the  joints,  &c. 

Vichy  Water,  Factit"ious,  Aqua  Vicien'sis, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Vichy,  is  made  of  simple  acidulous 
water,  impregnated  with  twice  its  bulk  of  carbo- 
nic acid,  ^xxss;  auhcarbonate  of  soda,  gr.  xxxij  ; 
sulphate  of  soda,  gr.  xvj  ;  chloride  of  sodium,  gr. 
iv  J  suhcarbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  ss;  chloride  of 
iron,  gr.  J.  Mix.  Ph.  P.) 
VICIA  ERVILIA,  Ervum. 
Vic"iA  Faba,  Faba,  F.  major  sen  vulgaris, 
Or'obus  faba,  Common  Garden  Bean,  (F.) 
Feve  ou  Feve  des  marais.  Ord.  Leguminosse. 
Sex.  St/st.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  A  native  of 
Egypt,  of  which  there  are  many  varieties.  Beans 
are  not  easy  of  digestion.  They  are  proverbially 
flatulent,  especially  when  old.  When  young, 
they  are  more  digestible  and  wholesome.  Bean 
meal  was  one  of  the  four  resolvent  meals  of  the 
ancients. 

VICINITRACTUS,  Erysipelas. 
VICINITRAHA,  Erysipelas. 
VICTORIALIS  FEMINBA,  Gladiolus  vulga- 
ris—  V.  Longa,  Allium  victoriale  —  v.  Rotunda, 
Gladiolus  vulgaris. 
VICTGs  ratio.  Diet. 
VIDANGES,  Lochia. 

VIDIAN  CANAL,  Pterygoid  canal — v.  Nerve, 
Pterygoid  nerve. 

VIE,  Life  —  V.  Duree  de  la,  see  Longevity  —  v. 
Moyenne,  see  Longevity. 
VIEILLESSE,  Senectus. 
VIELLOTTE,  Colchicum  autumnale. 
VIERGE,  Virgin. 
VI F  ARGENT,  Hydrargyrum, 
VIGILANCE,  Insomnia. 
VIGILANTIA,  Egregorsis. 
VIGILATIO,  Egregorsis. 
VIGILIA,  Egregorsis. 

VIGILI^,  Egregorsis — v.  Nimias,  Coma  vigil. 
VIGILIUM,  Egregorsis. 

VIGNE,  Vitis  vinifera  —  v.  Blanche,  Bryonia 
alba  —  V.  de  Judie,  Solanum  dulcamara — v.  du 
Nord,  Hamulus  lupulus — v.  Vierge,  Bryonia  alba. 
VIGNETTE,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 
VIGNOBLE,  Mercurialis. 
VIGOR,  Acme. 

VILLA  FRANCA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  This 
little  town  is  situate  immediately  to  the  eastward 
of  Montalbano,  which  separates  the  bay  of  Villa 
Franca  from  that  of  Nice.  It  is  on  the  southern 
declivity  of  a  steep  and  lofty  range  of  mountains ; 


and  is  more  effectually  sheltered  from  the  north 
and  north-west  winds  than  Nice,  with  the  climate 
of  which  that  of  Villa  Franca  closely  corresponds. 
VILLI,  see  Villous  membranes. 
VILLOUS,  Villo'sus,  (F.)  Villeux,  from  villvs, 
'a  hair.' 

Villous  Membranes  or  Coats,  Vclamen'ta 
Bombyc"ina,  (F.)  3Ienibranes  villeuses,  Jilembranes 
veloutes,  are  such  as  are  covered  with  soft  papillae 
or  Villi,  Flocci,  Floc'culi,  Vesic'ulw,  Cyliii'dri, 
Tnbi  Membrana' cei ,  constituted  of  blood-vessels, 
nerves,  and  absorbents;  or  such  as  are  covered 
with  fine  down,  so  as  to  cause  them  to  feel  soft 
and  velvety.  The  term  is,  however,  chiefly  re- 
stricted to  the  former.  Chaussier  gives  the  name 
simple  villous  membranes  to  the  serous  mem- 
branes ;  and  that  of  complicated  or  follicular  vil- 
lous membranes  to  the  mucous  membranes. 

VIN,  Wine  —  v.  de  Bordeaux,  Claret  —  v.  de 
Poulet,  see  Poulet — v.  de  Qui'iiquiua  compose,  Vi- 
num  de  kinakin§,compositum — v.  llmuje  d'  Oporto, 
Vinum  Portugallicum  —  v.  Sec,  Sack. 

VINAIGRE,  Acetum,  see  Aceticum  acidum — 
V.  Scillitiquc,  Acetum  scillae — v.  de  Bois,  Pyro- 
ligneous  acid.  ^ 

VINAIGRES  MEDICINAUX,  Acetica. 
VINCA  MINOR,  V.  pervin'ca,  from  vincio,  '1 
bind,'  because  of  its  usefulness  in  making  bands. 
Clem'atis   daphno'i' des   major.  Lesser  periivinkle, 
(F.)    Pervenche,    Violette    des    Sorcicrs.     It    has 
bitter  and   astringent  properties,  and  has  been 
used  in  gargles  and  diseases  of  the  chest. 
VINCETOXICUM,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 
VINCTURA,  Fascia. 
VINCULA,  Fascia. 

VINCULUM,  Bandage,  Lien  —  v.  Caninum, 
Frsenum  penis — v.  Linguae,  Fraenum  linguae — v. 
Praeputii,  Fraenum  penis — v.  Umbilicale,  Funicu- 
lus umbilicalis. 

VINE,  Vitis  vinifera — v.  Grape,  Vitis  vinifera. 
Vine  Poison,  Rhus  radicans. 
Vine,  Wild,  Pareira. 

VINEGAR,  AROMATIC  SPIRIT  OF,  see 
Aceticum  acidum. 

Vinegar  op  Cantharides,  Acetum  cantharidis. 
Vinegar,  Common,  Acetum — v.  Distilled,  see 
Aceticum  acidum  —  v.  Estragon,  Artemisia  dra- 
cunculus — V.  Marseilles,  Acetum  aromaticum. 

Vinegar  of  Meadow  Saffron,  Acetum  col- 
chici- — V.  of  Opium,  Guttae  nigrse. 

Vinegar,  Radical,  Aceticum  acidum. 
Vinegar  of  Squills,  Acetum  scillaB — v.  of  the 
Four  Thieves,  Acetum  aromaticum. 

Vinegar,  Thieves',  Acetum  aromaticum  —  y. 
Whey,  see  Acetum. 

Vinegar  of  Wood,  see  Aceticum  acidum. 
VINETTE,  Rumex  acetosa. 
VINETTIER,  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 
VINEUX,  Vinous. 
VINOLENTA,  see  Temulentia. 
VINOLENTIA,  Temulentia. 
VINOSUS,  Vinous. 

VINOUS,  Vino'sus,  CEno'des,  (Enoi'des,  (F.) 
Vineux,  from  vimim,  'wine.'  Relating  to  wine. 
Having  the  character  of,  or  resembling,  wine. 
Made  of  wine. 

VINUM,  Wine,  Sherry  wine  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842). 
See  Wine.  A  medicinal  wine,  (F.)  Vin  medicinal, 
OnolS,  Onolature. 

Vinum  Absinthi'tes,  Wine  of  Wormivond.  {Fol. 
absinth,  exsic,  absinth.  Pontic,  aa  ^vj,  vini  albi 
Oiv.  Macerate  for  24  hours,  and  strain.  Ph.  P.) 
Stimulant,  tonic,  febrifuge,  vermifuge. 

Vinum  Adustum,  Brandv  —  v.  Album,  Sherry 
wine  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851),  see  Wine— v.  Album  His- 
panicum,  see  AVine  —  v.  Album  Montanum,  see 
Wine. 

Vinum  Al'oi^s,  V.  aloes  Socofori'ncB  seu  aloet'- 
icum  seu  aro' mo-aloetieum,  Tinctu'ra  h.i'era,Tinct- 


VINUM 


968 


VINUM 


u'ra  sacra,  Wine  of  Aloes.  {Aloes  in  pulv.  5J, 
eardam.  cont.,  Zingib.  cont.,  aa  gj  ;  vini  alh.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Purgative  and  stomachic,  according  to  the  dose. 
Dose,  fgj  to  f^^ij. 

ViNUM  Amarum,  V.  Gentianse  comp. — v.  Ama- 
rum  scilliticum,  &c.,  V.  diureticum  amarum  —  v. 
Amarum  cum  spiritii  vini,  V.  gentians  composi- 
tum  . —  V.  Antimoniale,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati  — 
T.  Antimoniatum  Huxhami,  V.  antimonii  tartari- 
zati— V.  Antimonii  potassio-tartratis,  V.  antimonii 
tartarizati. 

ViNDM  Antimo'nii,  V.  antimo'nii  tartariza'ti  seu 
tartra'tis  antimonii  seu  antimo'nii  potas'sio-tar- 
tratis  seu  henedic'tum  seu  antimonia' turn  Hitxha'- 
mi  seu  antimoniale  seu  emet' icuni,  Liquor  tar'tari 
emet'ici,  Eseen'tia  antimonii  seu  stih'ii,  Aqua 
henedic'ta  Rulan'di,  Solution  of  tar'tarized  anti- 
mony, Antimonial  wine.  (Ant.  et  Potass,  tart.  3j, 
vini  alhi  f^x.  Dissolve  the  tartarized  antimony 
in  th*  wine.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Each  fluidounce  con- 
tains two  grains  of  the  tartrate. 

The  ordinary  Antimonial  wine  is  made  with 
glass  of  antimony  gj,  sherry  Oiss. 

Ward's  Bed  Brop  consists  of  a  strong  vinous 
solution  oi  tartarized  antimony. 

ViNUM  ANTiscoRBo'TicnM,  Anfiscorbu'tic  wine. 
(Bad.  armoraeicB  recent,  ^j,  fol.  cochlearite  re- 
cent., nasturtii  aquatic.,  trifol.  aquatic,  aemin.  si- 
nap.,  aa  ^ss,  ammonia  niuriat.  ^ijj  ^'"-  "^^*  OU- 
Macerate  for  36  hours ;  filter,  and  add  tinctura 
cochlear,  "^ss.  Ph.  P.)  Stimulant  and  tonic. 
Dose,  f^ss  to  f^ij. 

ViNUM  Aromat'icum,  Aromatic  wine.  [Species 
aromatic,  ^iv,  vin.  rubr.  Oij.  Macerate  for  6 
days  and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Stimulant  and  tonic. 
Used,  externally,  in  fomentations,  embrocations, 
&c. 

ViNUM  Aromo-aloeticum,  v.  aloes  —  v.  Bene- 
dictum,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati. 

ViNTJM  Campa'niim,  V.  Campiana'ceum.  Cham- 
pagne wine.  A  well-known  sparkling  wine  of 
France.     See  Wine. 

ViNUM  Canarinum,  see  Wine — v.  Chalybeatum, 
V.  ferri  —  v.  Cinchonse  compositum,  V.  de  kina 
kina  comp. 

VlNUM  Coii'CHlci,  V.  Colchici  Radi'cis,  Wine 
of  Colchicum,  Want's  Eau  d'Husson.  (Colchic. 
rad.  bene  contus.  ibj,  vini  alb.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  with  occasional  agitation,  and  then  ex- 
press strongly,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Diuretic,  se- 
dative, and  purgative.  Chiefly  used  in  gout. 
Dose,  gtt.  40  to  f,^j. 

Beynolds's  Specific  for  gout  and  rheumotism 
consisted  of  the  fresh  bulb  of  Colchicum  §viij. 
Sherry  wine,  f^^xvj.  The  colchicum  was  mace- 
rated for  eight  or  ten  days  in  the  wine,  at  a  gentle 
heat;  coloured  with  syrup  of  poj^tjiies  and  fla- 
voured with  rum.  Reynolds  is  said  to  have 
killed  himself  by  taking  an  over-dose  of  it. 

ViNUM  Colchici  Kadicis,  V.  colchici. 

ViNDM  Colchici  Sem'ikis,   Wine  of  Colchicum 


feed.     (Colchic.   sem.   cont.    ^'\v  \ 


alb.    Oij. 


Macerate  for  14  days,  with  occasional  agitation, 
then  express  and  filter.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^j  to 

Visum  Crematum,  Brandy. 

ViNUM  Didret'icum  Ama'rum,  v.  amarum 
scillit'icum  eompos'itnm  in  Charita'tis  Nosocomi'o 
iisurpa'tum,  Bitter  diuret'ic  icine.  (Cort.  cinchon., 
Winteran.,  limon.,  aa  ^\],  rhus  toxicodendr.,  seil- 
IcB,  cacumin.  angelicas,  aa  §ss,  fol.  absinth.,  me- 
lissce,  aa  ,^j,  baccar.  junip.,  macis,  aa  ^ss,  vin. 
alb.  Oviij.  Macerate  and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Stimu- 
lant, tonic,  and  diuretic.     Dose,  f5ss  to  f^iss. 

ViNOM  Emeticum,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati. 

ViNDM  Er'gotjE,  Wine  of  Ergot.  [ErgotcB, 
cont.,  5ij;  vini  alb.  Oj.     Macerate  for  14  days. 


with  occasional  agitation;  then  express  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  TVLxx  to  f^j  to  produce  the 
peculiar  effects  of  ergot. 

ViNUM  Ferratum,  v.  Ferri. 

ViNUM  Ferri,  V.  Chalybea'tum  seu  ferra'tum 
seu  Martia' turn  seu  Martis,  Tinctura  Ilartis  vi- 
no'sa  seu  Martis  cum  vino.  Steel  wine.  Wine  of 
Iron.  [Iron  wire,  ^j  ;  Sherry  ^vine,  Oij  (Imp. 
meas.).  Digest  for  thirty  days  and  filter.  Ph.  L.) 
Tonic.     Dose,  f^j  to  fgiv. 

It  is  sometimes  made  by  adding  two  joints  of 
wine  to  two  ounces  of  iron  filings  j-  macerating  and 
filtering. 

ViNUM  Gentia'n^,  V.  G.  Comjjoe'itum  seu 
Ama'rum  seu  Amarum  cum  spiritu  Vini,  Infu'- 
sum  ama'rum  vino'sum.  Compound  wine  of  gen- 
tian, Wine  bitters.  [Bad.  gentian,  luteal  §ss,  cort. 
cinchon.  offic.  3J,  cort.  aurant.  ^ij,  eanellm  alb. 
2j,  alcohol,  dilut.  f  ^iv,  vini  alb.  Hispanic.  Oijss. 
Ph.  E.)     Dose,  f 3j  to  fgvj. 

ViNDM  HiPPOCRATicuM,  Claret — v.  Hispanicum, 
Vinum,  see  Wine — v.  Hordeaceum,  Cerevisia — v. 
Ilydatodes,  see  Hydatoid. 

Vinum  Ipecacitan'HjE,  Ijyecacuan'ha  icine. 
[Ipecacuan.  cont.  §ij,  vini  alb.  Oij.)  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Emetic  and  dia- 
phoretic.    Dose,  as  an  emetic,  f^iv  to  i^x. 

Vinum  de  Kina  Kina  Compos'itum,  V.  cineho'- 
nce  compositum.  Compound  bark  wine,  (F.)  Yin  de 
quinquina  compjose.  [Cort.  cinchon.  pulv.  ibsS; 
quassia,  cort.  Winteran.,  cort.  aurant.  sicc,  aa 
^ss,  alcohol.  (12°  to  22°  Beaume)  Oj.  Macerate 
for  24  hours;  and  add  vini  albi  Ovj.  Macerate 
for  four  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  febri- 
fuge, and  stomachic.     Dose,  f  §ss  to  f^ij. 

Vinum  Martiatdm,  V.  ferri  —  v.  Martis,  V. 
ferri — v.  Medicatum,  see  Claret. 

Vinum  Medicina'le,  Med'icated  Wine.  Wine, 
holding  in  solution  one  or  more  medicines.  Me- 
dicinal wines  are  obtained  by  macerating  or  di- 
gesting medicinal  substauces  in  wine.  They 
differ,  of  course,  according  to  the  nature  of  the 
medicine  employed,  the  strength  of  the  wine,  &c. 
In  a  late  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  London  College, 
all  the  wines  were  changed  into  weak  tinctures; 
but  the  old  names  were  left  unaltered.  Sherry  is 
the  wine  usually  employed.  The  following  are 
medicated  wines. 

Vinum  Merum,  Acratum — v.  Nieotianje  tabaci, 
V.  tabaci  —  v.  Opiatum  fermentatione  paratum, 
Laudanum  abbatis  Rousseau. 

Vinum  O'pii,  V.  de  opio  compos'itum,  Laud'^ 
anuni  liq'uidum  Sydenha'mi  seu  Hoffman'ni, 
Tinctu'ra  Theba'ica,  Wine  of  Opium,  Sydenham's 
Laud'anum,  Ford's  laudanum.  [Opii  in  pulv. 
^i)  ;  cinnam.  cont.,  caryophyll.  cont.  aa  ^j,  vini 
albi  Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and 
filter. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Narcotic.      Dose,  gtt.  xv  to 

m- 

Vinum  be  Opio  Compositum,  V.  opii — v.  Pica- 
tum,  Pissites. 

Vinum  Portugal'ltcum,  V.  rubrum,  [Ph.  U.  S. 
1861,)  (F.)  Vin  rouge  d' Opiorto.  Wine  of  Portu- 
gal or  of  Oporto.  Port  wine.  A  strong  astrin- 
gent wine,  not  much  drunk  in  the  United  States; 
but  greatly  used  in  England. 

Vinum  Qui'ni^,  Wine  of  Qui'nia.  (  Wine  Ibij, 
sulphate  of  quinia  gr.  x.  Mis.)  Dose,  f  ^iss  or 
more;  according  as  it  is  used  as  a  stomacbic,  or 
to  arrest  ague.  A  Vinum  Cincho'nia  may  be 
made  in  the  same  way. 

Vinum  Rhei,  V.  B.  palma'ti,  V.  Bhabarbari, 
Tinctura  Bhabar'bari  Vino'sa,  Elixir  Bhei  dulce, 
E.  B.  Compos'itum,  Bhubarb  Wine.  [Bhei 
cont.  ^ij,  canellce  cont.  ,^j,  alcohol,  dilut.  f  ^ij, 
vini  albi,  Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and 
filter.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Laxative  and  stimulant. 
Dose,  f^iv  to  f,^iss. 

Vinum  Rhei  Palmati,  V.  Rhei — v.  Rhenanurn, 


VIOL 


969 


VIROSUS 


gee  Wine  —  v.  Rhabarbari,  V.  rhei  palmati  —  v. 
Rubrum,  V.  Portugallicum  —  v.  Rubrum  Portu- 
gallicum,  see  Wine. 

Visum  Tab'aci,  Vimim  Nicotia'ncB  Tahaci,  To- 
hac'co  Wine.  {Tabac.  incis.  ^j,  vini  albi,  Oj. 
Macerate  for  14  days ;  express  and  strain.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Narcotic,  diuretic,  and  antispasmodic. 
In  dropsical  cases,  colica  pictonum,  and  ileus. 
Not  used.     Dose,  gtt.  xx  to  xxxvj. 

ViNUM  Veka'tri,  V.  V.  albi,  Wine  of  White 
Hel'lebore.  (Veratri  coiH.  ^iv ;  Vini  albi,  Oj. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and  filter. — Ph.  U. 
S.)  In  cutaneous  affections,  and  in  gout.  Dose, 
ten  minims. 

ViNDM  Veratri  Albi,  V.  Veratri — r.  Xericum, 
see  Vinum. 

VIOL,  Stuprum. 

VI'OLA,  Viola  odora'ta  seu  mar'tia,  Ion,  Ma- 
trona'lis,  Viola'ria,  Sweet  Violet,  (F.)  Violette 
d  bouquets,  V.  odorante.  Ord.  Violacese.  The 
flowers  of  the  sweet  violet,  have  a  pleasant,  peeu- 
culiar  odc^ur,  and  scarcely  any  taste.  They  are 
slightly  laxative. 

Viola  Cani'na,  V.  sylves'tris.  Dog  Violet.  The 
root  of  this  plant  is  emetic  and  cathartic.     Dose, 

Viola  Ipecacttanha,  see  Ipecacuanha  —  v. 
Lutea,  Cheiranthus  cheiri — v.  Martia,  Viola — v. 
Odorata,  Viola — v.  Palustris,  Pinguicola  vulgaris. 

Viola  Peda'ta,  Viola,  {Ph.  U.  S.)  This  in- 
digenous violet,  which  grows  from  New  England 
to  Carolina,  is  regarded  by  some  as  a  useful  de- 
mulcent in  pectoral  affections. 

Viola  Syltestbis,  V.  Canina. 

Viola  Tri'color,  Jace'a  tricolor, Herba  seu  Flos 
Trinita'tis,  Heart's  ease,  Pansy,  Pen»y,  Pansies, 
(Prov.)  Beedy's  eyes,  Biddy's  eyes,  (F.)  Pensee, 
P.  sauvage.  The  decoction  of  this  beautiful  little 
plant  has  been  recommended  in  diseases  of  the 
skin,  &o.    Its  roots  are,  also,  emetic  and  cathartic. 

VIOLARIA,  Viola. 

VIOLET,  DOG,  Viola  canina— v.  Dog's  Tooth, 
Erythronium  Americanum. 

Violet  Bloom,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

Violet,  Sweet,  Viola. 

VIOLETTE  A  BOUQ  UETS,  Viola— i;.  Odor- 
ante.  Viola — 1'.  des  Sorciers,  Vinca  minor. 

VIOLIER  JAUNE,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

VIORNA,  Clematis  vitalba. 

VIPER,  EGYPTIAN,  Aspis  —  v.  Ten-inch 
long,  Echidna  ocellata. 

Viper  Grass,  Scorzonera. 

VIPERA,  Coluber  berus. 

VIPERARIA,  Aristolochia  serpentaria,  Scor- 
zonera. 

VIPERINA  VIRGINIANA,  Aristolochia  ser- 
pentaria. 

VIPERTNE  BE  VIRGINIE,  Aristolochia 
serpentaria. 

VIPER'S  DANCE,  Chorea. 

VIR,  Aner,  Penis — v.  Effoeminatus,  Gynseeaner. 

VIRAGO,  see  Pogoniasis. 

VIREUX,  Virulent. 

VIRGA,  Penis — v.  Cerea,  Bougie — v.  Cerebri, 
Pineal  gland. 

VIRGILLA,  Cladrastis  tinctoria. 

VIRGIN,  Virgo,  genitive  virginis,  Pnr'thenus, 
EjTpers  nujitia'rum,  (F.)  Vierge,  Pueelle.  A  fe- 
male who  has  never  had  sexual  intercourse.  Ap- 
plied, also,  occasionally  to  the  male  so  circum- 
stanced. 

VIRGIN-MARY  THISTLE,  Centaurea  bene- 
dicta. 

VIR'GINAL,  Virgina'le,  from  virgo,  virginis,  'a, 
virgin.'   The  external  genital  organs  of  the  virgin. 

Virginal  Membrane,  Hymen. 

VIRGIN'IA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  There 
are  several  celebrated  mineral  springs  in  Virginia, 


on  the  western  side  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  TwG 
Thermal  springs  exist  in  Bath  county.  The 
Warm  Spring,  as  it  is  called,  issues  with  a  bold 
stream,  sufficient  to  turn  a  mill,  and  to  keep  the 
water  of  its  basin  at  the  temperature  of  97°.  The 
Hoi  Spring  is  a  few  miles  from  the  warm.  Its 
temperature  is  107°.  They  are  both  slightly  sul- 
phureous. The  Sweet  Springs  are  at  the  eastern 
foot  of  the  Allegheny,  in  Botetourt  county;  42 
miles  from  the  Warm  Springs.  The  water  has  a 
temperature  of  70°,  and  is  highly  impregnated 
with  carbonic  acid.  The  White  Sulphur,  as  well 
as  the  Red  Sulphur,  and  Salt  Sulphur  Springs, 
are  also  much  celebrated.  The  Red  Spring  is 
affirmed  to  exert  a  sedative  influence  on  the 
pulse,  diminishing  the  number  of  its  beats. 
Prof.  W.  B.  Rogers  analyzed  the  water  of  the 
White  Sulphur,  and  found  it  to  be  composed  as 
follows:  —  Gaseous  contents  in  a  wine  gallon. 
Stdphuretted  hydrogen,  2"5  cubic  inches,  carbonic 
acid,  2;  oxyyen,  1-448;  nitrogen,  3'552. — Total, 
9'5.  Solid  contents  in  a  pint;  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia, 5'588  grains;  stilphate  of  lime,  7'744;  car- 
bonate of  lime,  I'loO  ;  chloride  of  calcium,  0'204  ; 
chloride  of  sodium,  O'lSO  ;  oxide  of  iron,  a  trace; 
loss,  0-410.     Total,  15-276  grains. 

The  Rockbridge  Alum  Springs  are  situated  17 
miles  west  of  Lexington,  and  are  in  much  favour. 
Their  solid  constituents  are  said  to  be, — sulphate 
of  potassa,  1-765  gr. ;  sulphate  of  lime,  3-263;  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  1-763;  protoxide  of  iron,  4-863; 
alumina,  17-905;  crenate  of  ammonia,  0-700; 
chloride  of  sodium,  1-008  ;  silicic  acid,  2-840  ;  free 
sulphuric  acid,  15-224;  free  carbonic  acid,  7-536 
—  water  68315-133.  They  are  used  in  dys- 
pepsia, scrofula,  chronic  diarrhoea,  and  cutaneous 
affections.  The  Bath  Alum  Springs  are  about  17 
miles  west  of  the  Rockbridge  Springs,  in  Bath 
county.  They  consist  of  free  sulphuric  acid, 
7-878  grs  :  carbonic  acid,  3-846;  sulphate  of  po- 
tassa, 0-258;  magnesia,  1-282;  lime,  2-539;  pro- 
toxide of  iron,  21-776;  alumina,  12-293;  crenate 
of  ammonia,  1-776;  silicate  of  soda,  3-150;  water, 
58317-202.  Theyare  more  chalybeate  than  the  last. 

About  15  miles  from  Staunton  are  Stribling's 
Springs — a  sulphuretted  water ;  and  near  War- 
renton,  in  Fauquier  county,  there  is  a  sulphu- 
reous water,  called  Lee's  Springs,  which  is  much 
frequented.  Berlcley  or  Bath,  and  Capon  Springs 
are  likewise  celebrated. 

Virginia,  Hymen. 

VIRGINIS  VITIATIO,  Defloration. 

VIRGIN'ITY,  F?Vf/ni'?7a8,  Parthenei'a,  Integ'- 
ritas,  llaid'enhood,  Ilaid'enhead,  (F.)  Virginity, 
Pucelage ;  from  virgo,  virginis,  'a  virgin.'  The 
state  of  one  who  has  never  had  carnal  commerce. 

VIRGIN'S  BOWER,  COMMON,  Clematis 
vitalba,  Clematis  Virginica — v.  Bower,  upright, 
Clematis  recta — v.  Sweet-scented,  Clematis  flam- 
mula. 

Virgin's  Milk,  Lac  Vir'ginis  seu  Virgina'le, 
(F.)  Lait  virginal.  A  tincture  of  benjamin  or 
of  any  other  balsam,  precipitated  by  the  addition 
of  water,  which  gives  it  a  milky  appearance. 
Also,  sub-acetate  of  lead  precipitated  by  water.  It 
has  been  used  as  a  cosmetic  to  remove  freckles,  &c. 

VIRGINITAS  DEFLORATA,  Defloration. 

VIRGO,  Virgin — v.  Aurea,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

VIRGULA,  Penis. 

VIRIDE  ^RIS,  Cupri  subacetas  — v.  Monta- 
num,  Cuprum. 

VIRILE,  Penis. 

VIRILES'CENCE;  iromvirilis,  {vir,  'a man,') 
'manly.'  The  state  of  the  aged  female  in  which 
she  assumes  certain  of  the  characteristics  of  the 
male.  —  Mehliss. 

VIRILIA,    Pudibilia. 

VIRILITY,  Adult  age. 

VIROSUS,  Virulent. 


VIRTUE 


070 


VITAL 


VIRTUE,  Faculty.  I 

VIRTUS  FORMATRIX,  Plastic  force  —  v. 
Plastica,  Plastic  force. 

VIR'ULENT,  Vii-ulen'tus,  Viro'sus,  (F.)  Vt- 
reux,  from  virvs.  That  which  is  of  the  nature 
of  a  virus  or  which  is  caused  by  a  virus.  Highly 
noxious. 

VIRUS,  from  vis,  'force/  plural  vires  [?].  A 
Latin  word,  which  signifies  poison  ;  but  which, 
in  medicine,  has  a  somewhat  different  accepta- 
tion. By  it  is  understood  a  principle,  unknown 
in  its  nature  and  inappreciable  bj'  the  senses, 
which  is  the  agent  for  the  transmission  of  infec- 
'ious  diseases.  Thus  we  speak  of  the  variolic, 
caccine,  and  syphilitic  viruses.  Virus  differs  from 
venom  in  the  latter  being  a  secretion  natural  to 
certain  animals,  whilst  the  former  is  always  the 
result  of  a  morbid  process,  —  a  morhid  poison. 

Virus,  Ichor,  Poison,  Sanies  —  v.  Vaccine,  see 
Vaccina  —  v.  Vitale,  Sperm. 

VIS,  Force — v.  Adhasionis,  Cohesion  (force 
of) — V.  Attractionis,  Cohesion  (force  of) — v. 
Aucta,  Sthenia  —  v.  Cohsesionis,  Cohesion  (force 
of) — v.  Conservatrix,  V.  medicatrix  naturse  — 
V.  Elastica,  Elasticity  —  v.  Essentialis,  Plastic 
force. 

Vis  Expul'trix.  The  organic  force  by  which, 
it  was  supposed,  the  useless  was  removed  from 
the  body. 

Vis  Formatita,  Plastic  force  —  v.  Generatrix, 
Potentia  generandi — v.  Imminuta,  Asthenia — v. 
Insita,  Irritability — v.  Irritabilitatis,  Irritability. 

Vis  Medica'triX  Xatu'r^,  V.  conserva'trix, 
Autocrati'a,  Autonom'ia,  AiUocrato'ria,  Auihy- 
gian'sis,  Aiitotherajiei'a,  Physiat'rice,  Physio- 
autocrati'a,  Physiautocrati'a,  (F.)  Force  inedica- 
trice.  A  term,  employed  by  some,  to  express 
that  instinctive  healing  power,  in  an  animal  or 
vegetable,  by  virtue  of  which  it  can  repair  inju- 
ries inflicted  upon  it,  or  remove  disease. 

Vis  Metabolica,  Metabolic  force. 

Vis  Mor'tua,  Under  this  name  Haller  in- 
cluded the  mechanical  properties  of  membrane, 
— flexibility,  extensibility,  elasticity,  &c. — which 
are  totally  independent  of  the  vital  properties. 
They  remain  some  time  after  the  complete  ex- 
tinction of  life  in  all  its  functions ;  seem  to  be 
connected  with  the  mechanical  arrangement  of 
particles  and  the  chymical  composition  of  the 
substance  in  which  they  reside,  and  not  to  be 
affected  until  the  progress  of  decomposition  has 
become  sensible. 

Vis  !Muscularis,  Myodynamia — v.  Nervorum, 
Nervous  power — v.  Nervosa,  Nervous  power — v. 
Plastica,  Plastic  force — v.  Reproductiva,  Plastic 
force  —  V.  Vitae,  Irritability. 

Vis  Vita'lis,  Vis  seu  Fac'ultas  Zo'tica,  (F.) 
Force  vitale.  The  vital  force  —  Biod  of  Baron 
Von  Reichenbach — which  distinguishes  living 
matter  from  the  dead.     Also,  Irritability. 

Vis  Zotica,  Vis  vitalis. 

VISAGE,  Countenance. 

VISCAGO  BEHEN,  Cucubalus  behen. 

VISCERA,  Entrails. 

VISCERAL,  Splanchnic. 

VISCERALIS,  Stomachal. 

VISCERATION,  Exenterismus. 

VISCERES,  Entrails. 

VISCONIA,  Physconia. 

VISCUM  ALBUM,  Ixos,  Ix'ia,  DalacTi,  3Iis'- 
tletoe,  (F.)  G)ii,  Gin  de  Chene,  Gillon.  A  para- 
sitic plant,  which  grows  on  a  number  of  trees. 
Order,  Loranthacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioeoia  Tetran- 
dria.  That  of  the  oak — Viscum  querci'num — has 
been  most  celebrated,  but  it  does  not  differ  from 
the  others.  It  was,  at  one  time,  much  used  in 
epilepsy  and  other  neuroses,-  the  wood  or  leaves 


being  given  in  powder,  in  the  dose  of  ^ss  or  3j- 
The  berries,  also  called  Pommes  hemonho'idales, 
from  their  supposed  virtues,  are  drastic;  and, 
when  applied  externally,  are  maturative. 

VisciTM  Capen'se.  a  South  African  parasitic 
shrub,  which  grows  on  the  stems  of  several  spe- 
cies of  Rhus  and  Euclea. 

ViscuM  Flaves'cexs,  V.  vertieilla'tnm.  Yellow 
or  Yel'lowish  Mis'tletoe,  indigenous,  has  been 
given  in  similar  cases  as  the  Viscum  alhum. 

Viscum  Verticillatum,  V.  flavescens. 

VISIO,  Pupil,  Vision. 

VIS'ION,  Sight,  Vis'io,  Visus,  from  videre, 
visum,  'to  see;'  Opsis,  Omma,  (F.)  Vue.  The 
action  of  seeing.  The  sight  is  one  of  the  five 
senses,  and  the  eye  is  its  organ.  By  it  we 
distinguish  colours,  and  appreciate  most  of  the 
physical  qualities  of  external-objects.  The  eye  is 
composed  of  diflferent  transparent  media,  whose 
curvatures  and  refractive  powers  are  so  combined 
as  to  render  insensible  the  aberrations  of  spheri- 
city and  refrangibilit}',  and  to  concentrate  the 
numerous  rays  proceeding  from  more  or  less 
distant  objects.  These  rays  traverse,  succes- 
sively, the  transparent  cornea,  the  aqueous  hu- 
mour, the  crystalline,  the  vitreous  humour,  and 
strike  upon  the  retina,  on  which  they  impress 
the  figure  of  the  object  whence  they  have  pro- 
ceeded; and,  in  order  that  no  obscurity  may  arise 
from  the  reflections  that  might  otherwise  occur, 
the  anterior  of  the  eye  is  lined  by  a  membrane — 
the  choroid — which  is  itself  covered  internally  by 
a  dark  pigment.  This  absorbs  the  light,  like  the 
dark  pigment  in  the  interior  of  telescopes,  and 
thus  obviates  confusion.  As  the  rays  proceeding 
from  an  object  must  cross  each  other  in  their 
course  to  the  retina,  it  follows  that  those  pro- 
ceeding from  the  upper  part  of  an  object  must 
fall  upon  the  lower  part  of  the  retina,  and  con- 
versely ;  so  that  the  object  must  be  impressed 
upon  the  retina  in  an  inverted  position;  yet  ex- 
perience teaches  us  to  appreciate  the  position  ac- 
curately. 

Vision,  BrN'ocuLAR,  see  Binocular  —  t.  Co-. 
loured,  Chromopsia  —  v.  Double,  Diplopia- — v. 
Iridescent,  Chromopsia  —  v.  Manifold,  Polyopsia 
—  V.  Multiple,  Polj'opsia  —  v.  Phantasraatum, 
Metamorphopsia  —  v.  Single,  see  Binocular. 

VISNOMT,  Physiognomy. 

VISORIUM  ORGANUM,  Eye. 

VISORIUS,  Visual. 

VIS'UAL,  Visnn'Us,  Viso'rius,  (F.)  Vwuel. 
Same  etymon  as  Vision.  That  which  concerns 
the  sight  or  belongs  to  vision. 

Visual  Angle  is  the  angle  formed  by  the 
crossing  of  two  rays,  proceeding  from  opposite 
points  of  any  body,  in  their  passage  through  the 
pupil.  It  is  by  the  size  of  this  angle  that  we  judge, 
to  a  certain  extent,  of  the  dimensions  of  objects. 

VISUEL,  Visual. 

VISUS,  AHsion  —  v.  Acris,  Oxyderoia  —  v. 
Acrior,  Nyctalopia  —  v.  Coloratus,  Chromopsia — 
V.  Debilitas,  Asthenopia  —  v.  Decolor,  Achroma- 
topsia— V.  Defiguratus,  Metamorphopsia- — v.  Di- 
midiatus,  Hemiopia — v.  Diurnus,  Hemeralopia — 
V.  Duplicatus,  Diplopia — v.  Hebetudo,  Amblyopia 
— v.  Juvenum,  Myopia — v.  Lucidus,  PLotopsia — 
V.  Muscarum,  see  Metamorphopsia — v.  Nebulo- 
sus.  Nebula — v.  Nocturnus,  Nyctalopia — v.  Seni- 
lis, Presbytia. 

VITA,  Life  —  v.  Propria,  Irritability. 

VITAL,  Vita'lis,  Biot'ic,  Biot'icus,  (F.)  Vital, 
from  vita,  'life.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
life. 

Vital  Capac"itt,  Pulmov'ic  or  Ltuig  capacity. 
A  term  employed  by  Dr.  Hutchinson  to  designate 
the  number  of  cubic  inches  of  air,  which  a  person 
can  forcibly  expire  after  a  full  inspiration. 


VITALBA 


971 


VIVIPARITE 


Vital  Dynamics,  see  Dynamic — v.  Force,  Vis 
Titalis. 

Vital  Prin'ciple,  Flam'mula  seu  Aura  vita'- 
lis,  Microcosme'tor,  (F.)  Flamme  vitule,  Vital 
Flame.  The  principle  which,  iu  association  with 
matter,  as  in  organized  bodies,  controls  its  mani- 
festations and  properties,  and  distinguishes  or- 
ganized matter  from  the  inorganic.  AVe  know 
nothing  of  this  principle,  except  in  its  connexion 
with  organization. 

Vital  Properties,  see  Properties,  vital  —  v. 
Statistics,  Statistics,  medical. 

VITALBA,  Clematis  vitalba. 

VI'TALISM,  Vitalism' (18.  The  doctrine  of  the 
vitalist  —  vitalis'ta  —  who  ascribes  every  function 
of  the  organism  to  the  direct  agency  of  the  vital 
principle. 

VITALIST,  see  Vitalism. 

VITAL'ITY,  Vital' Has,  (F.)  Vitalite,  from  vita, 
'life.'  The  vital  principle:  also,  used  in  the  sense 
of  vital  action  or  movement. 

VITALIZE.     To  endow  with  life. 

VITALS,  Vita'lia.  Parts  that  are  necessary 
for  life  —  the  heart,  lungs,  and  nervous  centres 
more  especially. 

VITAPtO'BORANT,  PALMER'S.  A  farina- 
ceous preparation,  which  appears  to  consist  of  a 
mixture  of  the  red  or  Arabian  lentil  and  wheat 
flour,  the  latter  in  considerable  amount,  sweet- 
ened with  sugar.  It  bears  considerable  resem- 
blance to  Revalenta. 

VITELLARY,  Vitelline— v.  Membrane,  Zona 
pellucida. 

VITELLINE,  Zona  pellucida. 

VIT'ELLINE,  Vitel'linus,  Vil'ellary,  Lecitho'- 
les,  from  vitellus,  '  the  yolk  of  an  egg.'  Apper- 
taining to  or  resembling  the  vitellus  or  yolk. 
Also,  the  yolk  membrane.  See  Vesicula  umbili- 
calis. 

Vitelline  Disc,  Proligerous  Disc  —  v.  Fluid, 
see  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

Vitelline  Ped'icle  or  Apoph'ysis  is  the  pedi- 
cle which  attaches  the  umbilical  vesicle  to  the 
embryo.     See  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

Vitelline  Pouch,  Vesicula  umbilicalis  —  v. 
Vessels,  Ompbalo-mesenteric. 

VITELLO-MESENTERIC,    Omphalo-mesen- 

VITELLUM  OVI,  see  Ovum. 

VITELLUS  OVI,  see  Ovum. 

VITEX,  from  vieo,  '  I  bind'  [?]  ;  V.  Agnus  Cas- 
tU8  seu  verti cilia' ta,  (F.)  Go.ttilier,  Petit  Poivre, 
Poivre  de  moine  ou  sauvage.  Ord.  Verbenacese. 
Sex.  Sjjif.  Didynamia  Angiospermia.  The  Chaste 
Tree.  The  seeds,  when  fresh,  have  a  fragrant 
smell,  and  an  acrid,  aromatic  taste.  Formerly, 
they  were  celebrated  as  antaphrodisiacs. 

VITI  SALTUS,  Chorea. 

VITIA  PRIM^  CONFORMATIONIS,  see 
Monster. 

VITIATIO,  Stuprum. 

VITILIGINES,  Ephelides. 

VITILIGO,  Lepra  —  v.  Alphas,  Lepra  alpho- 
ides — V.  Melas,  Lepra  nigricans — v.  Nigra,  Lepra 
nigricans. 

VITILIGOii'DEA,  from  vitiligo,  and  tdo^,  're- 
semblance.' A  disease  of  the  skin,  so  called 
from  its  resembling  the  vitiligo  of  Willan.  It 
appears  under  two  forms  ;  either  as  tubercles — V. 
tnhero'sa  —  varying  from  the  size  of  a  pin's  head 
to  that  of  a  large  pea,  isolated  or  confluent ;  or  as 
yellow  patches  of  irregular  outline,  slightly  ele- 
vated, and  with  but  little  hardness  —  V.  plana, 

VITIS  ALBA  SYLVESTRIS,  Bryonia  alba 
—  v.  Apyrena,  see  V.  Corinthiaca. 

Vitis  Corinthiaca.  Ord.  Vitaceae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  This  plant  afi'ords  the 
UvcB  Corinthiaem  passes  mino'res,  PaascB  Oorin- 
thiaccB,  Pas'sulcB  mhto'res,  Corinthiacas,  Currants, 


(F.)  Raisins  de  CorintJie;  vrhich  are  the  dried 
fruit  of  the  Vitis  Corinthiaca  or  Vitis  apyre'na / 
and  are  similar,  in  their  properties,  to  the  raisin. 

Vitis  Id^ea  Myrtillus,  Vaccinium  myrt'illus 
—  V.  Ideea  Palustris,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  —  v. 
Idsea  punctata,  Vaccinium  vitis  ida^a — v.  Sativa, 
V.  vinifera. 

Vitis  Vinip'era,  V.  sati'va,  Am'pelos,  A. 
CEuoph'oros,  Grape  vine.  Vine,  (F.)  Vigne. 
Vine  leaves  and  the  tendrils  have  an  astrin- 
gent taste,  and  were  formerly  used  in  diar- 
rhoea, hemorrhage,  &c.  The  juice  or  sap,  called 
Lac'ryma,  has  been  recommended  in  calculous 
disorders  and  in  cases  of  chronic  ophthalmia. 
The  juice  of  the  unripe  fruit  is  called  Verjuice. 
The  Grape,  Uva,  Butrys,  Stupjh'yle,  Ehax,  (F.) 
Raisin,  when  ripe,  is  a  wholesome  delicious  fruit; 
and,  when  dried,  forms  the  Uva  piasscB  majo'res, 
Pass'idm  majo'res.  UvcB  passes  sole  sicca'tcB,  Uva 
passa  (Ph.  U.  S.),  ZihehcB,  Raisins.  These  are 
inodorous;  and  to  the  taste,  sub-acidulous,  sweet, 
and  mucilaginous.  They  are  demulcent  and  nu- 
tritive. 

VITIUM,  Disease  —  v.  Caducum,  Epilepsy. 

ViTiuM  Conforma'tionis.  a  disease  or  fault 
of  conformation. 

ViTiOM  DiviNUM,  Epilepsy  —  v.  Hereuleum, 
Epilepsy  —  v.  Scrophulosam,  Scrofula. 

VITRARIA,  Parietaria. 

VITRE.  Hyaline. 

VITREO-CAPSULITIS,  Hyalitis. 

VITREOUS,  Hyaline  — V.  Humour,  Corpus 
vitreum — v.  Humour  of  the  ear,  Vitrine  auditive. 

VITREUS,  Hvaline. 

VITRE UX,  Hyaline. 

VITRINA  OCULARIS,  Corpus  vitreum. 

VITRINE  AUDITIVE  (F.),  from  vitrum, 
'glass;'  A'quula  vit'rea  auditi'va,  Eud'olympih, 
Liquor  or  Fluid  of  Scarjya,  Vitreous  Humour  of 
the  Ear.  The  fluid  contained  in  the  memhranouS 
labyrinth  of  the  ear,  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance to  the  vitreous  humour  of  the  eye. 

VITRIOL,  Ferri  sulphas  — v.  Blue,  Cupri  sul- 
phas— V.  Green,  Ferri  sulphas — v.  Roman,  Cupri 
sulphas  —  V.  White,  Zinci  sulphas. 

VITRIOLUM  ALBUM,  Zinci  sulphas  — v. 
Ammoniacale,  Ammoniae  sulphas — v.  Cajruleum, 
Cupri  sulphas — v.  Cupri,  Cupri  sulphas — v.  Cy- 
prium,  Cupri  sulphas — v.  Ferri,  Ferri  sulphas — v. 
Goslariense,  Zinci  sulphas — v.  Martis,  Ferri  sul- 
phas—  V.  Romanum,  Cupri  sulphas— v.  Veneris, 
Cupri  sulphas — v.  Viride,  Ferri  sulphas — v.  Zinci, 
Zinci  sulphas. 

VITRUM,  Hy'alos,  Glass,  Brancia,  (F.)  Verre. 
Glass,  coarsely  powdered,  has  been  sometimes 
used  to  remove  specks  of  the  cornea. 

Powdered  glass  has  been  regarded,  but  erro- 
neously, as  a  poison.     It  acts  only  mechanically. 

The  saline  scum,  which  swims  on  glass  when 
first  made,  has  been  used  in  tooth-powders.  It  is 
called  Sandiver,  Sel  de  verve.  Glass  Gall,  Fel 
vitri,  ScG. 

Vitrum  Antimonii,  see  Antimonii  vitrum  —  v. 
Hypoclepticum,  Separatorium  —  v.  Oculare,  see 
Spectacles  —  v.  Sublimatorium,  Aludel. 

VITTA,  Bandelette,  Caul. 

VITTARIA  CETERACH,  Asplenium  cete- 
rach. 

VITTIE  VAYR^  Andropogon  muricatus. 

VIVACE,  from  vivax,  vivacis,  [vivere,  'to 
live,')  'living  long,  tenacious  of  life.'  An  epithet 
given  by  Levret  to  uterine  polypi,  which  he  con- 
siders to  be,  commonly,  vegetations  of  some  ulcer 
in  the  interior  of  the  uterus,  and  incurable. 

VIV^SECTIO,  Vivisection. 

VIVERRA  CIVETTA,  see  Civetta. 

VIVIPARE,  Viviparous. 

VIVIPARITE,  see  Viviparous. 


VIVIPAROUS 


972 


VOMICA 


VIVIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Vivipare,  from  viviis, 
'alive,' and  pario,  'I  bring  forth.'  An  epithet 
applied  to  animals  whose  young  are  brought  forth 
detached,  without  requiring  to  be  hatched,  as  in 
the  OL-ip((rous.  The  condition  may  be  termed 
Vivi}>'iir(insiies8,  (F.)  Vivijmrite.  See  Generation. 
VIVIPAROUSNESS,  see  Viviparous. 
VIVISECTION,  Vivisee'tio,  Vivasec'tio,  Bio- 
tom'ia,  from  vivus,  'alive,'  and  secare,  sectum,  'to 
cut'  The  act  of  opening  or  dissecting  living 
animals.  One  who  performs  vivisections  is  a 
viviseetor. 

VOCAL,  Oral— V.  Cords,  see  Cords,  vocal  —  v. 
Ligaments,  see  Cords,  Vocal — v.  Tube,  see  Tube, 
vocal. 

VOCALIS,  Vowel. 

VOCE  DI  PETTO,  see  Voice  — ??.  di  Testa, 
see  Voice. 

VOICE,  Vox,  Aude,  Phone,  (F.)  Voix,  from 
vocare,  'to  name,  to  call.'  An  appreciable  sound 
produced  by  the  air,  when  driven  from  the  lungs, 
throwing  the  inferior  ligaments  of  the  glottis  into 
vibration.  The  function  by  which  this  is  effected 
has  been  called  Phomi'tiun.  It  is  a  function  of 
animal  life;  and,  in  animals,  is  limited  to  the 
production  of  the  simple  or  imstinct'ive  voice,  as 
well  as  in  the  idiot;  but,  in  intellectual  man,  be- 
comes much  more  complicated  and  articulated, — 
an  evidence  of  his  intellectual  superiority. 

Voice,  Artic'tjlated,  Speech,  Loque'la,  Glossa, 
Glotta,  La'lia,  Phrasis,  (F.)  Parole,  Voix  articu- 
lee,  is  the  voice  as  produced  by  the  glottis,  modi- 
fied by  the  motions  of  the  tongue,  lip,  and  other 
parts  of  the  vocal  tube.  Most  physiologists  agree 
in  regarding  the  glottis,  or  the  space  between 
the  thyro-arytenoid  ligaments  plus  the  ligaments 
themselves,  as  the  part  where  vocal  sounds  are 
formed;  but  the  mechanism  of  this  formation  is 
a  matter  of  dispute.  The  greater  part  of  indivi- 
duals regard  the  glottis  and  its  ligaments,  with 
the  vocal  tube,  or  the  space  which  the  sound  has 
to  traverse  after  it  is  produced  in  the  glottis,  as 
a  reed  instrument,  like  the  clarionet,  the  inferior 
ligaments  of  the  glottis  constituting  the  reed.  In 
speech,  as  ordinarily  effected,  the  tongue,  lips, 
teeth,  &e.,  are  concerned,  but  there  are  some 
authentic  cases  on  record,  where  it  has  been  ac- 
complished after  the  tongue  has  been  removed. 
In  such  cases,  the  articulated  voice  must  have 
been  produced  in  the  glottis  alone,  or  in  it  aided 
hy  an  obscure  action  of  the  parts  above  it. 

The  singing  voice  is  not  limited  to  the  larynx ; 
the  pharynx  would  seem  to  be  concerned  also. 
The  notes  that  are  produced  in  the  latter  have 
been  termed  siqjra-laryvgeal,  or  notes  of  the  second 
register.  They  constitute  the  pharyngeal  voice, 
falsetto  or  faucette  voice  or  voce  di  testa  (I.), 
Voix  de  tete,  Voix  de/ausset  (F.).  The  laryngeal 
voice  or  voice  of  the  first  register,  Chest  voice,  is 
the  Voce  di  Petto  (I.),  Voix  de  Poitrine  (F.). 
The  laryngeal  voice,  which  is  always  more  ele- 
vated, by  an  octave,  in  the  female  than  in  the 
male,  furnishes  the  types  called  Soprano,  Alto  or 
Contralto,  Tenor  and  Bass.  The  first  two  belong 
to  the  female  voice;  the  last  two  to  the  male. 
The  Baritone  is  between  the  bass  and  tenor. 

Voice,  Bleating,  Egophony  —  v.  Cavernous, 
Pectoriloquy  —  v.  Chest,  see  Voice,  articulated. 

Voice,  Chol'eric,  Vox  Choler'ica.  The  pecu- 
liar husky  voice  of  those  affected  with  cholera. 

Voice,  Convul'sive,  Vox  convulsi'va,  (F.) 
Voix  convulsive.  A  neurosis  of  the  voice,  con- 
sisting in  the  production  of  discordant  sounds  — 
acute  and  grave — which  cannot  be  brought  to  the 
natural  tones  by  any  efi'ort  of  volition.  It  seems 
to  be  caused  by  disordered  contraction  of  the 
muscles  of  the  larynx. 

Voice,  Falsetto,  see  Voice  —  v.  Goat's,  Ego- 
phony —  V.  Laryngeal,  Laryngophony,  see  Voice 


— V.  Pharyngeal,  see  Voice — v.  Tracheal,  Laryn- 
gophony. 

VOIE,  Way. 

VOTES  DIGESTIVES,  Ways,  digestive  — i;. 
Lacrymales,  Lachrymal  passages  —  v.  Premieres, 
Ways,  digestive — v.  Secondes,  Ways,  second  —  v. 
Urinaires,  Urinary  passages. 

VOILE  DU  PALAIS,  Velum  pendulum  pa- 
lati  —  V.  Medullaire  inferieure,  Velum  medullare 
inferius  —  v.  Mididlaire  supSrieure,  Valvula 
Vieussenii. 

VOIX,  Voice  —  V.  Aigre,  see  Acid  — ii.  Articu- 
lee.  Voice,   articulated,   Pectoriloquy  —  v.  Boiir- 
donnante,   see   Resonance  —  v.   Bronchique,   Re- 
sonance—  V.  Oaverneuse,  Pectoriloquy  —  v.   Chi- 
vrotante,  Egophony  —  v.  Egophonique,  Egophony 
— V.  de  Fausset,  see  Voice,  articulated — v.  de  Poi- 
trine, see  Voice,  articulated  —  v.  de  PoUchinelle, 
Egophony — v.  Senile,  Egophony — v.  de  Tete,  see 
Voice,  articulated — v.  Tubaire,  see  Resonance. 
VOLA,  Palm— V.  Manfts,  Palm— v.  Pedis,  Sole. 
VOLANT  B'EAU,  Nympbsea  alba. 
VOLATICA,  Lichen. 

VOLATILIZA'TION,  Volatilisa'tio,  Volatiaa'- 
tio,  from  volare,  '  to  fly.'     The  operation  of  redu- 
cing volatilizable  substances  into  gas  or  vapour. 
VOLATISATIO,  Volatilization. 
VOLIT"ION,    Volif'io,  from   volo,    'to  will.' 
The  act  of  willing.     Hence  ; 

VOLIT"IONAL,   relating   to   volition.     Thus 
the  muscles  may  be  moved  by  a  volitional  or  by 
an  emotional  impulse. 
VOLNUS,  AVound. 
VOLONTAIRE,  Voluntary. 
FOiOiVyi^,  Voluntas. 

VOLSELLA,  Aeanthobolos,  Forceps,  Madiste- 
rium  —  V.  Patini,  Valet  a  Patin. 
VOLTAISM,  Galvanism. 
VOLTUS,  Countenance,  Face. 
VOL'UNTARY,  Hecu'sius,    VoUmta'rius,   (F.) 
Volontaire,  from  voluntas,  'will.'    Relating  to  the 
will;  as   '  voluntary  m\xs,<i\es ;'  muscles  which  act 
in  obedience  to  the  will. 

VOLUNTAS,  Volen'tia.  Arbit'rium,  Cupid'- 
itas,  Boule'sis,  Bide'sis,  Thele'ma,  (F.)  Volonti, 
from  volo,  'I  will.'     Will  or  desire. 

Volun'tas  seu  Cupid'itas  Desedend'i,  Lubi'- 
do  intesti'ni.     The  desire  to  go  to  stool. 
VOLVA,  Vulva. 

VOLVULUS,  Ileus  —  v.  Intestinorum,  Intus- 
susceptio. 

VOMENDI  CONAMEN  INANE,  Vomituri- 
tion. 

VOMER,  'a  ploughshare;'  Os  vo'meris,  Os 
maxill'a  superio'ris  nndec"imum,  Ara'trum.  One 
of  the  bones  of  the  face,  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance. It  is  an  azygous  bone,  forming  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  septum  narium.  It  is  thin,  flat, 
and  quadrilateral ;  and  is  articulated,  below,  to 
the  superior  maxillary  and  palatine  bones;  and 
above,  to  the  sphenoid,  ethmoid,  and  cornets  of 
Bertin.  It  is  developed  by  a  single  point  of  os- 
sification.    Also,  the  penis. 

VOM'ICA,  Pyocys'tis,  from  vomere,  'to  vomit,' 
'to  cast  up.'  (F.)  Vomique,  Crachement  de  pus. 
A  term  used  by  some  authors  for  any  encysted 
collection  of  purulent  matter  in  the  interior  of  a 
viscus.  The  acceptation  is  commonly,  however, 
restricted  to  purulent  collections  in  the  lungs, 
encysted  or  not,  which  may  be  discharged  by  the 
mouth,  by  breaking  into  the  bronchial  tubes. 
Two  kinds  of  vomicEe  are  distinguished;  the  one 
caused  by  the  softening  or  breaking  down  of 
pulmonary  tubercles ;  the  other,  of  much  more 
rare  occurrence,  formed  by  a  circumscribed  abscess 
of  the  lungs.  Instead  of  opening  into  the  bron- 
chia, the  abscess  is  sometimes  discharged  into  the 
cavity  of  the  pleura,  causing  empj^ema. 


VOMICINE 


973 


VULVA 


VOMICINE,  Brucia. 

FOJ//Qf/A',  Vomica. 

VOMIQUIER,  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

VOMISSEMENT,  Vomiting  —  t;.  de  Sang, 
Hfematemesis. 

VOMIT,  Emetic  — V.  Black,  Fever,  yellow, 
Melaena. 

Vomit,  Dry,  of  Marriott.  A  once  celebrated 
emetic,  called  'drj','  from  its  having  been  given 
without  solution.  It  consisted  of  equal  portions 
of  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa,  and  sulphate 
of  copper. 

VOMITIF,  Emetic. 

VOMITINE,  Emetine. 

VOM'ITING,  Vom'itus,  Vomit"io,  Vomit"iim, 
Vom'itum,  Evoinit"io,  Ana'trope,  Em'esis,  Palnuis 
vom'itus,  ^gritu'do  ventric'nli,  Spewing,  Pitking, 
Sickness  of  the  Stomach,  (Old  Eng.)  Parbreaking, 
(So.)  Bokking,  Backing,  Braking,  Brocht,  (Prov.) 
Hull'uping,  (vulg.)  Casca'ding,  Casting,  (F.)  Vo- 
missement,  from  vowere,  vomituni,  'to  throw  up.' 
The  act  by  which  solids  and  liquids,  contained  in 
the  stomach,  are  ejected  by  the  mouth.  Vomit- 
ing is  the  effect  of  some  special  irritation  of  the 
nerves  of  the  stomach,  calling,  by  reflex  action, 
on  the  appropriate  muscles  to  expel  the  contents 
of  the  viscus.  It  is  not  accomplished  solely  by 
the  contraction  of  the  stomach,  as  was  for  a  long 
time  believed.  That  organ,  indeed,  assists  in  the 
process;  but  the  main  cause  is  the  compression 
exerted  upon  the  parietes  of  the  viscus  by  the 
diaphragm  and  abdominal  muscles.  Vomiting  is 
a  symptom  common  to  numerous  diseases.  At 
times,  it  is  sympathetic,  as  in  affections  of  the 
kidney,  uterus,  brain,  &c.  At  others,  it  is  symp- 
tomatic, as  in  gastritis,  peritonitis,  &c.  When 
very  troublesome,  it  may  often  be  palliated  by 
effervescent  draughts,  aromatics,  sinapisms,  or 
blisters  to  the  epigastric  region,  ifec. 

Vomiting  at  Pleasure,  Kegurgitation  —  v. 
of  Blood,  Hsematemesis  —  v.  Stercoraceous,  Co- 
premesis. 

VOMITIO,  Vomiting — v.  Sanguinis,  Hsemate- 

TnftSTS. 

VOMITIUM,  Vomiting. 

VOMITO  NEGRO,  Fever,  yellow  — v.  Prieto, 
Fever,  yellow. 

VOMITORIUM,  Emetic. 

VOMITORY,  Emetic. 

VOMITUM,  Vomiting. 

VOMITURIT"ION,  Vomitnrit"io,Emes'in,  Dy- 
semes'ia,  Subver'sio  stom'achi.  Same  etymon  as 
Vomiting.  Ineffectual  efforts  to  vomit ;  Vonien'- 
di  cona'men  ina'ne,  Betching,  Reaching,  Henv' - 
ing,  (Old  Eng.)  Bolke,  (Sc.)  Bok,  Bock,  Braking. 
Some  authors  mean,  by  this  term,  a  vomiting  of 
but  little  matter,  or  that  which  is  effected  almost 
without  effort.  The  first  acceptation  is  the  most 
general. 

VOMITUS,  Vomiting— V.  Cruentus,  H^mate- 
mesis — v.  Fseculentus,  Copremesis  —  v.  Marinus, 
Nausea  marina — v.  Navigantium,  Nausea  marina 
— V.  Niger,  Fever,  yellow — v.  Pituitosus,  Blenne- 
mesis — v.  Profusus,  Hyperemesis — v.  Purulentus, 
Pyemesis — v.  Sanguinis,  Hsematemesis — v.  Ster- 
coris,  Copremesis. 

VOORARA,  Curare. 
'  VOTIVE  TABLET,  Tabula  votiva. 

VOUACAPUA  AMERICANA,  Geoffreea  in- 
ermis. 

VOUSSURE  PRECORDIALE,  '  Prse cor- 
dial arching  or  prominence."  The  elevation  or 
arching  of  the  parietes  of  the  thorax,  witnessed 
in  certain  thoracic  affections,  as  in  hypertrophy 
(;f  the  heart. 

VOTJTE,  Vault — v.  Bfedullaire,  Corpus  cal- 
losum — V.  cL  Trois  PiJiers,  Fornix. 

VOWEL,  Voca'lis,  from  Latin  vox,  vocis,  'the 


voice,' and  I'oco,  '  to  call.'  (F.)  Voyelle.  Physi- 
ologieallj',  a  continuous  breath  or  sound,  produced 
in  the  glottis  ;  but  more  or  less  modified  by  the 
form  of  the  vocal  tube,  through  which  it  has  to 
pass.  In  the  English  language,  o,  e,  i,  o,  v,  lo, 
and  y,  are  vowels. 

VOX,  Voice  —  V.  Cholerica,  Voice,  choleric  — 
V.  Clangosa,  Oxyphonia  —  v.  Convulsiva,  Voix 
Convulsive — v.  Nasalis,  Rhinophonia— v.  Raucii, 
Raucedo,  Raucous  voice — v.  Raucisona,  Raucous 
voice. 

VOYELLE,  Vowel. 

VUE,  Vision  —  v.  Basse,  Mj'opia  —  v.  Courte, 
Myopia  —  v.  Biurne,  Henieralopia  —  v.  Faible, 
Amblyopia  —  v.  Longue,  Presbytia  —  v.  Louche, 
Strabismus — v.  Nocturne,  Nyctalopia. 

VULGA,  Vulva. 

yULNBRA  SCLOPETARIA,  see  Wound  — 
V.  a  Sclopetis,  see  Wound. 

VULNERAIRE,  Vulnerary  —  v.  Suisse,  see 
Falltranck. 

VULNERARIUS,  Traumatic. 

VUL'NERARY,  Vnlnera'riiis,  Traumat'icus, 
Troumat'ie,  from  vuhnis,  vvlneris,  '  a  wound.'  (F.) 
Vidneraire.  A  name  applied  by  the  ancients  to 
medicines,  which  they  considered  capable  of  fa- 
vouring the  consolidation  of  wounds.  The  pro- 
perty has  been  ascribed  to  various  plants. 

VULNERATIO  NERVL  Neurotrosis. 

VULNERUM  VINCTURA,  Deligation. 

VULNUS,  Wound  —  v.  Laceratum,  see  Lace- 
ration —  V.  Selopetarium,  Wound,  gun-shot  —  v. 
Simplex,  Cut. 

VULNUSCULUM,  AVound. 

VULPIS  MORBUS,  Alopecia. 

VULTUEUX  (¥.),  Vultuo'sus.  Corvisart  has 
used  the  expression,  Face  vultnetise,  Fa'cies  vul- 
tno'sa,  for  the  face  when  it  is  more  florid  and 
swollen  than  in  the  natural  state.  This  appear- 
ance, which  is  observed  in  active  aneurism  of  the 
heart,  according  to  Corvisart,  is  owing  to  the 
afBux  of  blood  into  the  arterial  capillaries,  and 
hence  differs  from  the  livid  and  swollen  appear- 
ance caused  by  the  accumulation  of  blood  in  the 
venous  capillaries,  constituting  the  Face  injectee. 

VULTUS,  Countenance,  Face — v.  Tetricus  et 
Moestus,  Scythropasmus. 

VULVA,  Uterus,  see  Vulva. 

Vulva,  volva  (formerly,  the  uterus,  especially 
of  animals).  Hortus,  Cunnus,  Puden'dum  mxdie'- 
bre,  Sinus  pudo'ris,  Ictar,  Choiros,  Arvum,  Bucca, 
Bulga,  Cadur'cus,  Custos,  Fenien,  An'nulus,  Femur 
summum,  Follic'idus,  Fundus,  Gre'mium,  Hia'tus, 
Lanu'vium,  JVavis,  Oppid'ulum,  Specus,  Vuhja, 
Cymha,  Cysthus,  Saltus,  Clitor'ium,  Os'tium,  Sul- 
cus, Amphicaus'tis,  Concha,  Parous,  Porta,  luter- 
femin' eum,  3fulie'bria,  Fossa  magna  mulie'hris, 
Episei'on,  Es'chnra,  Har'tulus  cupid'inis,  Bouha'- 
lios,  Byssos,  Cava,  Caver'na,  Belphys,  Delta, 
Fav'ea,  GyncBce'um,  Loci  nndie'bres.  Female 
puden'dum.  Female  organs  of  generation.  Fe- 
male parts,  (F.)  Vulve.  A  longitudinal  opening 
between  the  projecting  parts  of  the  external  or- 
gans of  generation  in  the  female,  extending  from 
the  mons  veneris  to  the  perineum,  and  which  is 
called,  also,  Fossa  magna.  Some  anatomists 
mean,  by  this  term,  the  whole  of  the  external 
genital  organs  of  the  female  :  —  mons  veneris  ; 
labia  majora,  and  the  cleft  or  vestibule  separating 
them;  the  clitoris;  nymphae  ;  meatus  urinarius  ; 
entrance  of  the  vagina;  with  the  hymen  or  the 
caruneulse  myrtiformes,  fossa  navicularis  and 
fourchette. 

VlTLVA,  Fora'men  commu'ne  ante'rius.  Iter  seu 
Ad'itus  ad  infundib'ulum,  I.  seu  Ad'itus  ad.  ter'- 
tium  ventric'ulum,  Rima  ad  infundib'ulum,  Aper- 
tu'ra    ante'rior    ventric'uli    ter'tii    eer'ebri.     An 


VULVAIRE 


974 


WATER 


opening  situate  at  the  junction  of  the  optic  tha- 
lami,  in  the  third  ventricle  of  the  brain,  and  im- 
mediately beneath  the  anterior  crus  of  the 
fornix. 

VUL  VAIRE,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

VULVAR,  Vulva' risjirom.  vulva.  That  which 
relates  to  the  vulva.     Chaussier  gives  this  name 


to  the  external  pudic  arteries,  because  they  are 
distributed  to  the  vulva. 

VULVARIA,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

VULVE,  Vulva. 

VULVI'TIS,ahybrid  word,  from  o/Zi/a,  and  itis, 
denotinginflammation.  Inflammation  ofthe  vulva. 

VULVO-UTERINE  CANAL,  Vagina. 


w. 


WABRAN  LEAVES,  Plantago. 
WAD,  Graphites. 
WAHOO,  see  Euonymus. 
WAIR,  see  Pila  marina. 

WAISTCOAT,  STRAIT,  Indu'cida,  (F.)  Ca- 
viisole,  Gilet  de  force.  A  dress,  used  for  restrain- 
ing maniacs,  or  those  labouring  under  violent 
delirium.  It  has  long  sleeves,  which  are  tied 
behind  the  body,  so  that  the  arms  cannot  be  ex- 
tricated from  them.  It  ought,  of  course,  to  be 
made  of  very  resisting  materials. 

WAKE-ROBIN,  Arum  maculatum,  Trillium 
latifolium. 

WALE,  Wheal. 

WALKING,  Gressiig,  Iitces'sus,  Deavxhtda'tio, 
Ambida'tio,  Bad'isis,  (F.)  La  Marche,  Progres- 
sion. Sax.  Pealcan,  '  to  walk.'  The  action  by 
which  we  change  place,  by  means  of  a  succession 
of  steps  in  the  same  direction.  In  walking  for- 
wards, the  centre  of  gravity  is  constantly  altered; 
and  a  series  of  small,  parabolic  curves  is  de- 
scribed on  the  heads  of  the  thigh-bones,  the  ex- 
tent of  which  is  regulated  by  volition,  under  the 
guidance  of  vision. 

WALLA'CHIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
There  are  many  excellent  sulphureous  springs  in 
this  countrj',  especially  those  at  Bobotsch,  Fin- 
ceschti,  Sibitsehiudi  Suz,  Brasa,  Otschin,  Serbo- 
neschte,  Kimpalungi,  Kosia,  and  Oloneschti,  Cha- 
lybeate and  saline  springs  have,  also,  been  found 
at  Sibitsehiudi  Suz. — Siller. 

WALLFLOWER,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 
WALLRUE,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 
WALL-TEETH,  Molar  teeth. 
WALNUT,  Juglans  regia — w,  Black,  Juglans 
regia — w.  White,  Jua:lans  cinerea. 

WALTHE'RIA  DOURADINHA.  A  plant 
of  Brazil,  Order,  Sterculiacese,  which  is  used 
there  in  diseases  of  the  chest,  and  in  venereal 
affections.     It  is  a  demulcent. 

WALTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
mineral  spring  near  Tewkesbury,  in  Gloucester- 
shire, England.  It  is  an  acidulous  chalybeate. 
WAMPEE,  Peltandra  Virginica. 
WANGTEETH,  Molar  teeth. 
WANT,  from  past  participle  of  Sax.  panian, 
'  to  wane,'  '  to  fall  away.'  '  Need  of  that  which  is 
necessary.'  (F.)  Besoin.  This  word  is  sometimes 
used  to  express  the  imperious  necessity  which 
impels  us  to  take  food,  drink,  &c.  (See  Hunger 
and  Thirst.)  In  a  more  general  sense,  it  means 
the  impressions  transmitted  by  the  organs  to  the 
brain,  when  it  is  necessary  that  they  should  act: 
these  wants  are  called  instinctive  desires  and  in- 
ternal sensations  or  stimuli.  Such  are  the  desires 
or  wants  to  eat,  drink,  void  the  urine,  breathe 
(besoin  de  respirer),  &c. 

Want,  in  the  sense  of  indigence,  (L.)  Egestas, 

Indigen'tia,  is  the  cause  of  a  number  of  diseases. 

WARBURG'S  FEVER-DROPS,  see  Bebeeru. 

WARD'S  ESSENCE  FOR  THE  HEADACH, 

Linimentum  camphorEe  compositum  —  w.  White 

Drops,  see  Hydrargyri  nitras. 


WARE,  see  Pila  marina. 

WARISON,  Stomach. 

WARK,  Pain. 

WARMBRUNN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Much  frequented  springs  in  Silesia,  about  a 
league  from  Hirschberg.  They  are  thermal,  96° 
to  100°  Fah.,  and  are  chiefly  used  as  baths.  The 
impregnating  materials  are  carbonate  of  soda, 
sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  so- 
dium, carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  sulphohydric 
acid  gas. 

WARM  SPRINGS,  see  Georgia,  Mineral  wa- 
ters of,  and  Virginia,  Mineral  waters  of. 

WARNERA  CANADENSIS,  Hydrastis  Cana- 
densis. 

WARRENTON  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia,  min- 
eral waters  of. 

WART,  Verruca  —  w.  Corneous,  Cornu  —  w 
Moist,  Acrothymion. 

WARTY,  Ver'rticose,  Ver'rucous,  Verrueo'sva, 
from  Sax.  peapc.  Full  of  warts.  Resembling, 
relating,  or  belonging  to  warts. 

Warty  Tumour  of  Cicatrices.  A  name  given 
by  Mr.  Howship  to  the  tumour,  which  sometimes 
appears  on  an  old  scar,  many  years,  perhaps,  after 
the  injury  that  caused  it.  The  ulcer,  formed 
under  such  circumstances,  has  been  called  the 
icarty  idcer  of  3Iarjolin  —  having  been  well  de- 
scribed by  that  surgeon. 

WASH,  BLACK,  see  Hydrargyri  submurias  — 
w.  Phagedenic,  see  Hydrargyri  submurias  —  w. 
Preventive,  Lotion,  Hannaj-'s  —  w.  Red,  Lotio 
rubra,  and  Lotion,  camphorated,  of  Bates  —  w. 
White,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus — w. 
Yellow,  see  Hydrargyri  oxymurias. 

WASHERWOMAN'S  SCALE,  Psoriasis 
diffusa. 

AVASHITAW  SPRINGS,  see  Arkansas,  min- 
eral waters  of. 

WASP,  Vespa,  SpJiesc,  (F.)  Guepe.  A  genus 
of  gregarious  insects,  like  the  bee  and  the  ant. 
They  are  armed  with  a  sting,  which  pours  a  poi- 
sonous fluid  into  the  puncture  made  by  it.  (See 
Poisons,  Table  of.)  The  best  application  is  the 
sp.  ammoniee  aromaticus,  or  some  preparation  of 
ammonia. 

WASSERBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wasserburg  is  a  town  of  Bavaria,  seated  on  the 
Inn,  28  miles  east  of  Miinich.  The  water,  called, 
also,  Aqua  Agu'tii,  contains  carbonic  acid ;  car- 
bonates of  lime  and  magnesia  ;  sulphates  of  lime 
and  magnesia;  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of* 
soda  and  oxide  of  iron. 

WASSERKUR,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

WASTING,  Consumption,  Tabes. 

WATER,  Sax.  psetep,  (G.)  W  a  s  s  e  r ,  Aqua, 
Hydor,  'vSiap,  Alma,  (F.)  Eau,  Protovc'ide  of  hy- 
drogen. Water  was  at  one  time  regarded  as  a 
simple  element.  It  is  now  known  to  consist  of 
eight  parts  by  weight  of  oxygen,  and  one  of  hy- 
drogen. It  freezes  at  32°,  and  boils  at  212  of 
Fahrenheit;  and  is  taken  as  the  unit  in  all  ta- 
bles of  specific  gravity  of  solid  and  liquid  sub- 


WATER 


975 


WATER 


stances.  AVater,  as  we  meet  with  it,  is  very  dif- 
ferent in  its  state  of  purity  ;  generally,  it  contains 
small  quantities  of  saline  matter;  at  other  times, 
as  in  sea-water  and  mineral  waters,  it  is  largely 
impregnated.  The  characters  of  water,  as  met 
with  under  ordinary  circumstances,  are  well  com- 
pared by  Celsus,  "Aqua  leviesima  pluvialis  est ; 
deinde  fontana ;  turn  ex  Jlumine  ;  turn  ex  puteo  ; 
post  hcBC  ex  nive,  ant  glacie  ;  gravior  his  ex  laca; 
gravissima  ex  palude."  Pure  water  is  one  of  the 
best  diluents  that  can  be  used.  When  cold,  and 
especially  when  iced,  it  is  one  of  the  most  useful 
refrigerants ;  and,  in  the  form  of  the  cold,  tepid, 
and  warm  bath,  it  is  serviceable  in  numerous 
diseases. 

Water  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  see  Aix-la-Cha- 
pelle  —  w.  Allflower,  Urine,  cows'  —  w.  Alum, 
Bates's,  Liquor  aluminis  compositus  —  w.  of  car- 
bonate of  Ammonia,  Liquor  ammonise  subcarbo- 
natis — w.  Anise,  sec  Pimpinella  anisum — w.  Ap- 
ple, Apple-tree — w.  Barley,  Decoctum  hordei. 

Water  Bed,  Hydrostat'ic  bed.  A  bed,  con- 
trived by  Dr.  Arnott,  which,  in  consequence  of  its 
being  placed  on  water,  is  well  adapted  for  the 
bedridden. 

Water,  Binelli,  Aqua  Binellii. 

Water  op  Bitter  Almonds,  Aqua  Amygdala- 
rum  eoncentrata. 

Water  Blebs,  Pemphigus — w.  Brash,  Pyrosis. 

Water,  Brocchieri,  Aqua  Brocchierii  —  w. 
Camphor,  Mistura  Camphorte. 

Water  Canker,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

Water,  Caraway,  see  Carum  carui  —  w. 
Caraway,  strong,  Spiritus  carui  —  w.  of  Cassia, 
see  Laurus  Cassia. 

Water  Caster,  see  Uromantia. 

Water,  Cherry  Laurel,  see  Prunus  lauro- 
cerasus — w.  Chicken,  Chicken-tea — w.  Chlorine, 
see  Chlorine — w.  Cinnamon,  Aqua  cinnamomi  — 
w.  Cinnamon,  strong,  Spiritus  cinnamomi  —  w. 
Cologne,  Uau  de  Cologne. 

Water  Cure,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

Water,  dill,  see  Anethum  graveolens. 

Water,  Distil'led,  Aqua  destilla' ta,  (¥ .)  Eau 
dUlillee,  Hydrolat,  Holy  Water,  is  generallj'  or- 
dered in  extemporaneous  prescriptions,  but  is 
rarely  used.  In  some  cases,  however,  it  is  abso- 
lutely necessary ; —  the  water,  containing  any  sa- 
line impregnation — hard  water,  for  example — de- 
composes certain  substances.  Distilled  water  has 
been  recommended  as  a  diet-drink  in  cancerous 
affections  ;  and  it  is  used  in  the  religious  ceremo- 
nies of  the  Catholic  church.  In  the  Pharmaco- 
poeia of  the  United  States,  it  is  directed  to  be 
made  as  follows  :  —  Take  of  icater,  ten  gallons. 
First  distil  two  pints,  and  throw  them  away  ; 
then  distil  eight  gallons.  Keep  the  distilled  wa- 
ter in  glass  bottles. 

Distilled  waters,  (F.)  Hydrolats,  consist  of 
common  water,  charged  by  distillation  with  the 
volatile  principles  of  medicinal  agents.  See 
Aquas  deslillatea. 


AVATETt-DOCTOR,  See  Uromantia. 

Water-dkisssing.  The  treatment  of  wounds 
and  ulcers  by  the  applicati(m  of  water.  It  gene- 
rally consists  in  dipping  folds  of  lint  in  water, 
and  placing  them  on  the  part: — the  whole  being 
covered  with  oiled  silk,  elastic  gum,  or  spongio- 
piline.  Water  strapping  or  xoet  stra-pying  means 
the  treatment  of  ulcers,  and  certain  cutaneous 
affections  of  the  extremities,  &c.,  with  strips  of 
linen  or  cotton  saturated  with  water. 

Water,  Elder,  see  Sambucus  —  w.  Epileptic, 
of  Langius,  Langii  aqua  epileptica — w.  Fennel, 
Aqua  foeniculi. 

Water  Flag,  Yellow,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

Water,  Florida, —  a  celebrated  perfume, — 
may  be  made  of  01.  Bergarni  f^iv;  Tinct.  ben- 
zoin, c.  f^ij  ;  Alcohol,  cong. 

Waterpiught,  Hydrophobia. 

Water,  Goulard,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 
dilutus. 

Water,  Hard.  Common  water,  which  de- 
composes and  curdles  soap  ;  in  contradistinction 
to  soft  router,  which  is  readily  miscible  with  soap. 
The  hardness  of  water  depends  upon  the  pre- 
sence in  it  of  earthy  salts,  the  most  common  of 
which  is  sulphate  of  lime. 

Water,  Hell,  see  Toddy. 

Water,  Holy,  Water,  distilled  —  w.  Honey, 
see  Mel. 

Water  in  the  Head,  Hydrocephalus. 

Water,  Hungary,  Spiritus  rosmarini. 

Water  Jags,  see  Varicella. 

AVater,  Lake,  Aqua  ex  lacn,  (F.)  Enu  de  lac, 
is  apt  to  be  impure,  from  decayed  animal  and 
vegetable  matters.  A  great  deal  will,  however, 
depend  upon  the  magnitude  of  the  collection, 
and  the  degree  of  stagnation. 

Water,  Laurel,  see  Prunus  lauro-cerasus  — 
w.  Lavender,  Spiritus  lavandulse  —  w.  Lead,  Li- 
quor plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus  —  w.  Lemonpeel, 
see  Lemonpeel  Tea — -w.  Lime.  Liquor  calcis — w. 
Lime,  compound,  Liquor  calcis  compositus  —  w. 
Magnesia,  aerated,  Magnesia,  fluid — w.  Magnesia, 
carbonated.  Magnesia,  fluid. 

Water,  Marsh,  Aqua  pahido'sa,  (F.)  Eau  de 
Marais,  is  the  most  impure  of  all.  It  is  generally 
more  stagnant,  and  of  course  more  loaded  with 
decomposing  animal  and  vegetable  matters. 

Water,  Medicated,  see  Aquae  medicatae. 

Water,  Mineral,  Aqua  minera'lis  seu  salii'- 
hris  seu  medica'ta  seu  Sote'ria,  Fans  saluta'ris 
seu  medica'tus  seu  sote'rius,  (F.)  Eau  minerale  ou 
mediciuale  naturelle.  Water,  holding  in  solution 
different  saline  and  gazeous  substances  in  sufii- 
cient  quantity  to  be  possessed  of  medicinal  pro- 
perties, or  of  a  temperature  difi"erent  from  that  of 
the  ordinnry  springs  of  the  country. 

The  following  Table  by  Dr.  Perairn  exhibits 
the  composition  of  some  of  the  principal  mineral 
waters. 


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WATER 


Mineral  waters  may  be  divided  into  four 
classes  :  —  1.  Gazeoua  or  Acidulous.  2.  Chaly- 
beate. 3.  Saline.  4.  Sulphureous.  These  may 
be  thermal,  or  cold, — natural,  or  artificial. 
Many  of  these  divisions,  however,  run  into  each 
other;  some  of  the  substances,  which  they  hold 
dissolved,  belonging  to  one  class  as  well  as  to 
another. 

1.  Ga'zeous,  Acid'ulous  or  Car'honated  Ilin'- 
eral  Waters,  Soda  or  Beer  Springs,  Aqua  mine- 
ra'les  acid'tda,  (F.)  Eaiix  miiierales  gazeuses  ou 
ficidules.  The  waters  referred  to  this  class  are 
those  that  contain  carbonic  acid  gas  in  such 
quantity  as  to  communicate  to  it  certain  sensi- 
ble qualities,  AVaters  impregnated  with  free  car- 
bonic acid,  sparkle  when  drawn  from  the  spring, 
or  when  poured  into  a  glass.  .  They  have  a  sharp, 
acidulous  taste  ;  but  become  vapid  from  exposure 
to  the  air.  Along  with  the  carbonic  acid,  there 
are  generally  present  portions  of  saline,  earthy 
or  metallic  matter,  chiefly  carbonates  of  lime, 
magnesia,  and  iron.  Waters,  highly  impregnated 
with  carbonic  acid  gas,  are  grateful  to  the  sto- 
mach; increase  the  appetite,  and  are  diuretic; 
hence,  their  utility  in  dyspepsia,  hypochondria- 
sis, and  gout.  Their  properties  are,  of  course, 
modified  by  the  saline  matter  that  may  be  also 
contained  in  them.  The  most  celebrated  amongst 
the  acidulous  waters  are  those  of  Bar,  Chateldon, 
St.  Myon,  Mont  d'Or,  Langeac,  Seltzer,  Schlan- 
genbad,  Sultzmatt,  Pyrmont,  Spa,  Carlsbad, 
Cheltenham,  Scarborough,  Saratoga,  Ballston, 
and  the  Sweet  Springs  of  Virginia. 

2.  Chalyh'eate  or  Ferru' ginous  Mineral  Wafers, 
AqucB  minera'les  ferrxigino' sob  seu  Chalyhe.a' im 
seu  Martia'les  sen  Ferro'sa,  Ohalyhope'gcB,  Chali/- 
hokre'nee,  Siderope'gts,  Siderokre'ncB,  (F.)  Eaux 
miiierales  ferrugineuses,  contain  iron  —  sulphate, 
chloride  or  carbonate,  generally  the  latter — held 
in  solution  by  an  excess  of  acid.  Chalybeate 
waters  have  a  peculiar  styptic  taste.  They  are 
transparent  when  taken  from  the  spring;  but, 
when  exposed  for  some  time  to  the  air,  a  pellicle 
forms  on  the  surface,  and  a  deposite  of  the  iron 
takes  place.  Chalybeate  waters  are  used  as 
tonics  in  debility  of  all  kinds ;  in  all  cases,  in 
fact,  where  iron  is  considered  to  be  indicated. 
They  are  the  most  numerous  of  all  the  classes  of 
mineral  waters.  In  this  dictionary,  those  only 
are  specified  which  have  some  celebrity;  yet  there 
are  about  one  hundred ;  more  than  sixty  of  these 
being  saline,  and  forty  sulphureous.  The  most 
celebrated  chalybeates  are  those  of  Tunbridge, 
Scarborough,  Spa,  Bussang,  Forges,  Vichy,  Pyr- 
mont, Passy,  Provins,  and  Vals. 

3.  Saline  Mineral  Waters,  Aqum  minerales  sa- 
li'na,  Amna  alcaliza'ta  (Paracelsus,)  Hydralmas, 
(F.)  Eaux  minSrales  salines.  Waters,  holding  in 
solution  different  saline  substances  in  greater 
quantity  than  the  acidulous  waters.  They  differ 
in  properties,  according  to  the  salts  contained  in 
them.  The  salts  usually  present  are  sulphates, 
chlorides,  and  carbonates :  and  the  bases,  with 
which  the  acids  forming  these  are  combined,  are 
soda,  magnesia,  and  lime.  Saline  mineral  waters 
are  usually  aperient;  and  the  most  noted  are 
those  of  Seltzer,  Sedlitz,  Balaruc,  Bourbonne-les- 
Bains,  Baden,  Epsom,  Cheltenham,  &e. 

To  this  class  may  also  be  added  Sea  water. 

4.  Sulphu'reous  Mineral  Waters,  Aquce  mine- 
rales  aulphu'recB ;  when  warm,  termed  Theio- 
thermcB,  Theiope'gcB,  Theother'mcB,  Fontes  sulpha' ■ 
rei  cal'idi,  (P.)  Eaux  minerales  sulfurenses  ou 
sulfurees  OU  sulfurenses  ou  hepatiques,  &c.  These 
waters  owe  their  distinguishing  character  to  an 
impregnation  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  and  are 
at  once  recognised  by  their  peculiar  fetid  smell, 
resembling  that  of  rotten  eggs.  They  usually 
contain   saline    substances,    which    modify  their 


powers.  From  the  action  of  the  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen, they  are  useful  in  cutaneous  aflfeetions; 
and,  from  the  combined  action  of  this  and  the 
saline  matter,  they  are  valuable  agents  in  dis- 
eases of  the  digestive  organs.  They  are  also 
employed  in  cutaneous  eruptions ;  and  the  warm 
sulphur  baths  have  been  especially  celebrated  in 
such  cases,  as  well  as  in  rheumatic  affections. 
The  most  renowned  sulphureous  waters  are  those 
of  Bareges,  Bagneres-de-Luchon,  Cauterets,  Bon- 
nes, Aix  in  Savoy,  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Enghien, 
Harrogate,  Moffat,  Virginia  Springs,  <Si;c. 

Some  springs,  as  those  of  Bath,  Buxton,  Dax, 
Matlock,  Warm  and  Hot  Springs  of  Virginia, 
&o.,  are  almost  pure  Thermal  Mineral  Waters. 
They  are  valuable  agents  in  rheumatic  affec- 
tions ;  the  warmth  being  equable  during  the 
whole  period  the  individual  is  immersed  in  them  ; 
which  cannot  be  the  case  in  the  artificial  thermal 
bath. 

Water,  Mineral,  Acidulous  water,  simple. 

Waters,  Mineral,  Artifical,  (F.)  Eaux 
minerales  artificielles  on  factices.  These  are  imi- 
tations of  the  natural;  and  some  of  them — as 
the  factitious  Cheltenham  water,  and  Sedlitz 
water  —  answer  the  purpose  of  the  natural  water 
tolerably  well.  The  acidulous  and  chalybeate 
waters  are,  however,  most  easily  imitated. 

Water,  Nutmeg,  Spiritus  myristicse. 

Water  Pang,  Pyrosis — w.  Parsnep,  creeping, 
Sium— w.  Pennyroyal,  spirituous,  Spiritus  pulegii 
—  w.  Peppermint,  Aqua  menthae  piperitse  —  w. 
Pimento,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

AVater  Pox,  see  VaricelLa. 

Water,  Protoxide  of  Nitrogen,  Aqua  nitro- 
genii  protoxydi. 

Water  Pdrpie,  Veronica  beccabunga  —  w. 
Qualm,  Pyrosis. 

Water,  Rain,  Aqua  pulvia' lis  seu  plu'via  seu 
im'brium,  (F.)  Eau  de  pluie,  when  collected  at  a 
distance  from  houses  or  other  elevated  objects,  is 
the  purest  natural  water,  and  has  the  least  spe- 
cific gravity.  The  only  bodies  which  it  usually 
holds  in  solution,  are  carbonic  acid,  and  minute 
traces  of  carbonate  of  lime  and  chloride  of  cal- 
cium. 

Water,  Rice,  see  Oryza. 

AVater,  River,  Aqua  fiuoiat'ilia,  is  derived 
from  the  conflux  of  numerous  springs  and  rain 
water.     It  is,  generally,  pretty  pure. 

Water,  Rose,  Aqua  rosse. 

Water,  Sea,  Aqua  Mari'na,  Humor  Dor'idis, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Mer,  Eaxi  salee.  This  contains 
chlorides  of  sodium,  magnesium,  and  calcium, 
and  sulphate  of  magnesia.  It  is  cathartic,  and 
forms  the  usual  glyster  at  sea.  It  makes  an  excel- 
lent tonic  bath  ;  superior  in  most  cases — especi- 
ally in  scrofula  —  to  the  fresh-water  bath. 

Water,  Searle's  Patent  Oxygenoits  Aer- 
ated, Aqua  Nitrogenii  protoxydi  —  w.  Seyds- 
chiitz,  Sedlitz  water. 

Water  Shield,  Brasenia  hydropeltis. 

Water,  Snow,  Aqua  niva'ta,  (F.)  Eau  de  neige, 
has  usually  been  deemed  unwholesome.  It  ex- 
actly resembles  rain  water  in  composition,  and  is 
equally  salubrious. 

Water,  Soda,  Acidulous  water,  simple  —  w. 
Soft,  see  Water,  hard  —  w.  Spearmint,  Aqua 
menthae  viridis. 

Water,  Spring,  Aqua  fonta'na,  Hydrope'ge, 
(F.)  Eau  de  fontaine,  contains,  in  addition  to  the 
substances  detected  in  rain  water,  more  or  less 
sulphate  of  lime.  When  this  is  to  such  an  ex- 
tent as  to  curdle  soap,  the  water  is  said  to  be 
hard ;  if  not,  soft.  Hard  water  is,  of  course, 
inferior  to  soft,  for  domestic  and  medicinal  pur- 
poses. 

AVater  Strapping,  see  Water  dressing. 

AVater,    Styptic,    Sydenham's,    Solutio   sul- 


WATTWEILER 


979 


WEIGHTS 


phatis  jupri  composita — w.  Tar,  see  Pinus  sylves- 
tris  —  w.  Toast,  see  Toast- water. 

Water  Target,  Brasenia  hydropeltis. 

Water,  Well,  Aqua  putea'Us  seu  piitea'na 
seu  ex  pu'teo,  (F.)  Eaa  de  puit  ou  de  source,  is 
the  same  as  spring  water,  but  liable  to  impregna- 
tion, owing  to  the  land  springs  filtering  into  the 
wells,  and  conveying  impurities  into  them. 

Waters,  The,  Liquor  Amnii — w.  Bag  of,  see 
Liquor  Amnii — w.  Discharged  or  broken,  Profusio 
aquae— w.  Distilled,  Aqua?  destillatoe  —  w.  First, 
Primitise  —  w.  Green,  see  Lochia. 

WATTWEILER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wattweiler  is  a  small  town  in  the  department  of 
Haut-Rhin,  at  the  foot  of  the  Vosges.  The  wa- 
ters are  acidulous  chalybeates,  and  contain  car- 
bonates of  iron,  lime,  and  soda,  chloride  of 
sodium,  and  free  carbonic  acid. 

WAX,  Cera — w.  Ear,  Cerumen. 

WAX,  MYRTLE.  A  wax  obtained  from  the 
fruit  of  Myri'ca  cerif'era.  It  has  been  prescribed 
in  dysentery. 

Wax,  Yellow  and  White,  Cera  flava  et  alba. 

WAXING  KERNELS,  Waxen-kernels,  Ores- 
een'ticB,  (F.)  Croissances,  Croissants,  Glandes  de 
croissanee.  A  popular  term  for  small  tumours, 
formed  by  an  enlargement  of  the  lymphatic 
glands  —  in  the  groins  of  children  particularly. 
They  have  been  looked  upon  as  connected  with 
the  growth  of  the  body, — hence  their  name. 

WAY,  Saxon  psej,  Via,  Passage,  Odos,  (F.) 
Yoie.     A  name  given  to  different  canals. 

WAYBREAD,  Plantago  major. 

WAYS,  DIGESTIVE,  Digestive  Pas' sages, 
PrimcB  Vice,  {¥.)  Voies  digestives,  Premieres  voies, 
are  the  series  of  hollow  organs  of  digestion,  com- 
posed of  mouth,  oesophagus,  stomach,  and  small 
and  large  intestines.  The  term  is  often  restricted 
to  the  first  three  of  these. 

Ways,  Second,  Second  Passages,  Secun'dcB 
vice,  (F.)  Secondes  voies,  comprise  the  chyliferous, 
lymphatic  and  blood  vessels. 

WEAKSIGHTEDNESS,  Asthenopia. 

WEAL,  WheaL 

WEAM,  Abdomen,  Uterus. 

WEAM-ILL,  Colic. 

WEANING,  from  Saxon  penan,  'to  wean;' 
Ahlacta'tio,  Apogalactiv'mus,  (Prov.)  Spaning, 
(F.)  Seorage.  The  act  of  depriving  the  infant, 
permanently,  of  the  breast,  in  order  to  feed  it  on 
other  and  more  solid  nourishment. 

Weaning  Brash,  see  Brash,  weaning. 

WEARING,  Consumption. 

WEATHERCOCKS,  Impatiens. 

WEB,  Caligo,  Pterygium  —  w.  Muscular,  Pan- 
niculus  carnosus. 

WEB-EYE,  Caligo. 

WEBBED  FINGERS,  Dactylion. 

WEBERIAN  CORPUSCLE,  see  Ejaculatory 
Ducts  — w.  Organ,  see  Ejaculatory  Ducts. 

WEDGED,  (D.)  wegghe,  Incln'sus,  InJiee'- 
rens,  (F.)  Enclave.  The  head  of  the  foetus  is  said 
to  be  wedged,  locked  or  impacted  in  the  pelvis, 
when  it  remains  fixed,  notwithstanding  the  ute- 
rine efforts. 

The  condition  is  called  Tnennea'tio  seu  Incla- 
va'tio  fcefas,  Spheno'sis,  (F.)  Enclavement.  See 
Paragomphosis. 

WEEBO,  Senecio  Jacobaea. 

WEED,  see  Mastitis — w.  Arrow,  Sagittaria  va- 
riabilis—  w.  Beetle,  Galax  aphylla  —  w.  Breast, 
Saururus  cernuus — w.  in  the  Breast,  see  Mas- 
titis—  w.  Butter,  Erigeron  Canadense  —  w.  Can- 
cer, Goodyera  pubescens  —  w.  Dyer's,  Reseda 
luteola — w.  Field,  Anthemis  cotula — w.  Horse, 


Erigeron  Canadense — w.  Horsefly,  Sophora  tine 
toria  —  w.  Milk,  Apoeynum  androsasmifolium  — 
w.  Phthisis,  Ludwigia  palustris  —  w.  Pride,  Eri- 
geron Canadense  —  w.  Silver,  Potentilla  nnserina 
—  w.  Soldiers',  Matico  —  w.  Thimble,  RuMheckia 
laciniata — w.  Wind,  Asclepias  tuberutii. 

WEEPING,  Fletus— w.  Tear,  Tear. 

WEESEL,  Trachea. 

WEID,  see  Mastitis. 

WEIGHT,  from  Saxon,  paesan,  '  to  weigh ;' 
(F.)  Pesanteur.  A  sensation  of  heaviness  or 
pressure  over  the  whole  body,  or  over  a  part — 
the  stomach  or  head,  for  example. 

WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES,  Pon'dera  et 
Mensxi'rtB,  (F.)  Poids  et  3lesnres.  The  importance 
of  possessing  a  uniform  system  of  weights  and 
measures  has  impressed  the  scientific  of  all  coun- 
tries, and  numerous  endeavours  have  been  made 
to  accomplish  the  object.  It  is,  however,  a  mat- 
ter of  considerable  difficulty,  and  one  not  likely 
to  be  attained.  The  new  French  measures  are 
upon  decidedly  the  best  footing,  but  the}'  are  not 
adopted  out  of  France.  The  greatest  diversity 
prevails  over  Europe  in  the  measures,  both  of 
weight  and  capacity.  Some  of  the  following 
tables  will  show,  that  every  subdivision  of  the 
pound,  as  well  as  the  pound  itself,  differs  in  Eng- 
land and  in  France. 

WEIGHTS. 

Troy  Weight,  as  used  hy  the  British  Apothecarien, 
— Pondus  p>harmaceu'ticv.in  seu  ntedicinale. 

The  pound    lb  "j 

The  oxince      J    ] 

The  drachm  ^  j-  contains  -j     3  scruples. 

The  sci-vfAe^    I  I   20  grains. 

Tlhe' grain    gr.  J  [ 

These,  and  the  signs  by  which  they  are  denoted, 
are  the  same  in  all  the  British  Pharmacopoeias, 
as  well  as  in  the  American. 

lb.         Oz.    Drachms.  Scrup.  Grs. 

1    =    12    =    96    =    288    =  5760 

1    =      8    =      24    =  480 

1    =        3    =  60 

1    =  20 

Poids  de  Mare. 

The  pound    "]  f  16  ounces. 

The  ounce      |  |    8  drachms. 

The  drachm  j-  contains  \    3  scruple.';. 
The  scruple  24  grains. 

The  grain     J  [ 


r  12  ounces. 
I     8  drachms 


Avoirdupois. 

Pound.       Ounces.  Drachms.  Trny  grains. 
m.l.     =    16     =     256     =:     70.'if) 
1     =:      16     =       4:i7'5 

1     tz        ■SrZm5 

The  avoirdupois  drachm  is  sometimes  divided 
into  three  scruples,  and  the  scruple  into  ten 
grains.  The  pound  of  7680  grains  avoirdupois 
=  7000  grains  troy,  and  hence  1  grain  troy  = 
•97  grain  avoirdupois. 

The  Poids  de  Marc  is  that  employed  hy  the 
French  Pharmaeiens,  when  the  new  weights  are 
not.  The  Avoirdupois  is  now  used  by  the  Dublin 
College. 

The  following  tables  exhibit  the  relative  value 
of  the  old  French  and  English  weights : 

Poids  de  Marc.    Troy  Wt.  Avoird.  Troy  grs. 

1  pd.  (livre)  —  l-31268i6    =  1-080143»  =  7561 
1  oz.  (once)   =    -98450402  =  1-O80143o2  =    472-562S 
1  dr.  (gros.)  =    •954504dr  =:  59-0703125 

1  gr.  =  ■820421 


WEIGHTS 


980 


WEIGHTS 


Troy.  Poids  de  Marc.        French  grains. 

1  pound  =      0-76180  ?6.  =       7561 

1  ounce  =      1-01574  once  —        585-083 

1  drachm  =      1-0157-i  gros  —  73-135 

1  grain  1-219 

Avoirdupois.  Poids  de  Marc.        French  grains. 

1  pound        =      0-9-25803  lb.        =        8532-3 
1  ounce         =      0-925803  once    =z  533-27 

Xo  convert  French  grains   into  Troy  "| 

grains,  divide  by  [       i.oioq 

«  Troy  grains   into   French  |       ^  ^'■"^ 

grains,  multiply  by         J 
"  French   ounces  into  Troy  "i 

ounces,  divide  by  (       i.nij;— ji 

«  Troy  ounces  into  French  [       ■i^-^^''^* 

ounces,  multiply  by         J 
"  French  pounds   (paids  de  ~| 

marc)  into  Troy  pounds, 

multiply  by  t      1-3126S 

'•  Troy  pounds  into  French  I 

pounds,  divide  by  J 

Poids  de  Marc  en' 

Troy  grain.  French  grain. 

1  =  1-219 

2  =  2-438 

3  =  3-657 

4  =  4-876 

5  =  6-095 

6  =  7-314 

7  =  8-533 

8  =  9-752 

9  =  10-971 

French  grain.  Troy  grain. 

1  =:  0-8203 

2  =  1-6406 

3  =:  2-4609 

4  =  3-2S12 

5  =:  41015 

6  =  4-9218 

7  =  5-7421 

8  =  6-5624 

9  =  7-3827 

NetD  French  Decimal  or  Metrical  Weights. 

Troy  grains. 
Milligramme     ■=■  -0154 

Centigramme    —  -1543 

Decigramme      =^  1-5434 

Gramme  —  15-4340  lb.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

Decagramme     zr        154-3402     =       0    0    2    34-4 
Hectogramme   —      1543-4023     =       0    3    1    44-4 
Kilogramm.e      =:    15434-0234     =      2    8     1    24 
Myriagramme  —  154340-2344    =    26    9    6      0 

Comparative  Value  of  the  French  Medicinal 
Pound  and  that  of  other  Places. 

lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

Germany 0  15  4  48 

Amsterdam 1  00  0  42 

Belgium 1  00  0  42 

Berne 1  00  0  00 

Copenhagen 0  15  3  201^ 

Florence 0  11  0  50    divided  into  12  oz. 

Genoa 0  10  5  60        do.      into  12  oz. 

Geneva 1  00  0  18 

Hamburg 0  15  2  15 

Lisbon 0  15  7  68 

London 0  12  3  12    divided  into  12  oz. 

Madrid 0  15  0  16 

Milan 0  9  3  00 

Monaco 0  15  2  23 

Naples 0  10  7  54    divided  into  12  oz. 

Paris 1  00  0  00    divided  into  16  oz. 

Rome 0  11  0  50        do.      into  12  oz. 

Stockholm 0  13  7      8 

Jnited  States  ...  0  12  3  12    divided  into  12  oz. 

Warsaw  1  10  4  24 

Venice 0  8  6  00 

Vienna 1  2  2  32 

MEASURES    OF    CAPACITT. 

English  Measure  of  Fluids. 

The  gallon  (congius).  "]                   r  8  pints. 

The  pint  (octarius)..  0  1                       16  fluidounces. 

the  fluidounce f,^  I  contains  ■;    8  fluidrachms. 

The  fluidrachm f  ,!^  [                   j  60  minims. 

Themim'm Tl^  I                  |_ 


Proportions  of  the  Apothecaries'  andWine  Gallon. 

Gal.  Pints.    Fluidoz.      Fluidr.      Minims.    Cub.  inches. 
]     =     8     zz     128     =:     1024     —     61440     =     231 

1     —      16=      128     =      7680     =       28-875 
1     =  8     n        480     =        1-8047 

1    =  60    =  -2256 


Imperial  Measure,  adopted   by  tne  London   Col- 
lege in  their  Pharmacopoeia  of  1836. 

Gallon.      Pints.    Fluidounces. 

1      zr      8      =       160      = 

1       =        20      = 

1       =: 


Fluidr.  Minims. 

1280  =:  76800 

160  =:  9600 

8  =  480 

1  =  60 


Comj^arative    Value    of  the   Proportions    of  the 
Wine  and  Imperial  Gallons. 


Wine. 

Imperial. 

Pints 

Fluidoz.    Fluidr. 

Minims. 

1  gallon            =:     6 
1  pint                r; 
1  fluidounce     — 
1  fluidrachm    =i 

13               2 

16               5 

1               0 

1 

23 
18 
20 
2K 

Imperial. 

GalUm. 

Wine. 
Pint.    Fluidoz.  Fluidr 

Minims. 

1  gallon           =  1 
1  pint               = 
1  fluidounce    r= 
1  fluidrachm  = 

19             5 
13            1 

7 

8 
38 

41 
58 

French  Pleasures  of  Capacity. 
English  cubic  inches. 


Millllitre 

Centilitre 

Decilitre 

Litre 

Decalitre 

Hectolitre 

Kilolitre 


■061028 

■610280 

6-102800 

61-028000 

010-280000 

6102  800000 

61028-000000 


Wine  Measure. 
16-2318  minims. 
2-7053  fluidrachms. 
3-3816  fluidounces. 
2-1135  pints. 
2-6419  gallons. 


Myrialitre    =  610280-000000 


pj^roximate  comparison  heticeen  the  ancient 
French  Pleasures  of  Capacity,  and  the  new, 
and  conversely. 

Grammes.     Litres.   Decilitres.    Centilitres. 


I  poisson        =z    125     or     0  1                 2 

1  demi-setier  =    250     or     0  2                 5 

1  ckopine       =■    500     or     0  5                 0 

Ipinte           =  1000     or     1  0                 0 

Grammes,  lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 
1  centmtre  =      10  or  0    0    2}^  00 

1  decilitre  =    100  or  0    3    2      00  [pints. 

1  litre         =  1000  or  2    0    3      36  =  2-113  Eng.  -wine 


JIfeasures  of  Length. 

Inches. 
1  line,  the  12th  part  of  an  inch. 

3  barleycorns 1-000 

A  palm  or  hand's  breadth  (Scripture  mea- 
sure)   3-648 

A  hand  (horse  measure) 4-000 

A  spa7i  (Scripture  measure) 10-944 

Afoot 12000 

A  cubit  (Scripture    measure   for  common 

purposes) 18000 

A  cubit  (Scripture  measure  for  sacred  pur- 
poses)    21-888 

A  Flemish  ell 27-000 

A  yard 3  ft.  00 

AuEnglishell 3"  09 

A  fathom  or  toise 6  "  00 

New  French  Measures  of  Length. 


Ei 

iglish  inches. 

MUlimitre 
Centimetre 
Decimetre 
Metre 

0-039 
0-393 
3-937 
39-371       = 

yd. 

1 

ft. 
0 

inch. 
3-37 

WEIGHTS 


981 


WEIGHTS 


VALUES    OF   THE    GRECIAN,    ROMAN,   AND   ARABIAN 
WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES  IN  POIDS  DB  MARC. 


1.   Weights  of  the  Ancient  Greeks. 

lbs.    oz.   dr.    gr. 

Ihe  talent  {raXavTov) 54      2      5      24 

ThemMa(,,va) 14      3      40 

The  d?-ac/tm  (^pav/ii?) 1      H 

The  obolus  {ofio\os) 13 

The  ceration  (xtpaTtov) 4 

The  chalcus  (yaXKovs)  2 

The  septon  (atTVTOv) J^ 


2.    Weights  of  the  Ancient  Romans. 

oz.    dr.  gr. 

The  pound  (libra) 10       6  48 

The  ounce  {uncia) 7  16 

Th&dvdla 2  29 

The  Hdlicus 1  58 

The  sextula 1  14 

The  consular  denier,  denarius 1  2 

The  imperial  denier  or  drachm,  drachma 60 

The  victoriatus 37 

The  scriptulum  or  scruple 21 

The  obolus 11 

The  siliqua 4 

The  Greeks  divided  their  obolus  into  chalci 
and  lepta :  some  divided  it  into  6  chalci,  and 
each  chalcus  into  7  lepta;  others  into  8  chalci, 
and  every  chalcus  into  8  lepta  or  minuta. 


Dr.  Milligan,  in  his  edition  of  Celsus,  gives  the  following  table,  exhibiting  the  Troy  Tpeight  of 
measures  of  capacity  and  of  weight  in  use  amongst  the  Romans. 


r4  — 


Libra. 

80 
40 
10 

1 


Uncia. 
=  960 
=  480 
=  120 
=  20 
=      12 


Denarius.    Scrupzdus. 
=6720       =  20160 
10080 


3360 

840 

140 

84 

60 


Urna. 

Amphora 2    n 

Urna 1     = 

Congius 

Sextarius 

Libra  

Hemina 8  4-7  = 

Acetabulum 21-7  = 

Sesqui-cyathus 21-7  = 

Cyalhus 1  3-7  = 

Sescuncia IJ^    = 

Uncia 1        ~ 

Cochleare 2}4  = 

Drachma  1       z= 

Denarius 1       = 

Scrupulus , 

Scrupulus  dimidiatus 3^ 

Obolus 

Sextans 

Chalcus 


15  = 
15  = 
10       = 

101^  = 
7      = 


2540 

420 

252 

180 

.    45 

45 

SO 

31M 
21 

7M 

3 

3 

...     1 


Sextans. 
z  40320 
=  26160 
z  5040 
r  840 
=  504 
=      360 


Chalcus. 
r  403200 
I  210600 
=  5D400 
:  8400 
z  5040 
=  SBOO 
=  900 
z  900 
:  600 
:  630 
=  420 
:  150 
=  60 
:  60 
=  20 
=  10 
=  10 
z  10 
1 


Ch-ana. 

420480 

210240 

:     52920 

8760 

5256 

3759 

939 

9S9 

626 

657 

438 

150 

62  4-7 

62  4-7 

10^ 
101^. 

iojl 

1 1-30 


He  gives  also  the  following  'Carmen  Ilnemoni- 
cum,'  which  exhibits  the  analogies  of  the  Roman 
and  British  imperial  weights. 

So  !{)e  conjjfujEf  anli  Qallon,  earl),  ten  pountrs 

alloto, 
®n  tje  Imsljcl  anlj  ampljora  cislitn  ftfstoto  ; 
3Svome's  pountt,  as  in  Slrog  iueiQljt,  ttnelbe 

ounces  obtains, 
38ut  fecr  ounce  Is  StbotrUu^ofs,  strictlg,  fn 

Qtains : 
SBenarii  "Drams,  scru|)lcs  srrupit  "Qeffnc, 
Se^itarfus  anstoers  to  our  bottle  of  toine, 
^nti  tfje  mna's  a  stoct  jjint — fourteen  ounces 

fn  fine. 

3.  Weights  said  to  he  of  the  Arabians,  Modern 
Greeks,  and  Latins  of  the  barbarous  periods  of 
the  Middle  Ages. 


The  alchemicn 14 

The  manes  or  aminos 10 

Sacros,  a-^gbhen,  adar,  assatil 

The  great  or  roi/al  nut 

The  sextarius,  stater 

The  lesser  md 

Aliovanus 

Aureus,  Alcobolus 

The  hazel  nut,  bendacate,  holca,  alchi,  dar- 

chimi,  atogochilos,  olnginat,  naback 

The  acorn,  lupine,  Egyptian  or  Syrian  bean, 

the  bachU 

The  Alexandrian  bean  or  tremessis 

The  Greek  bean  or  gramme,  the  Tcermet.  go- 

num.,  harmi,  gracchus 

Tbe  ring,  cumulus,  seminet,  onolosich,  ono- 

lossat 

The  danich 

The  ki7-at,  alkHat,  kararit 


dr. 

gr. 

3 

40 

6 

28 

7 

16 

3 

44 

3 

44 

2 

50 

2 

29 

2 

14 

1 

11 

42 

30 

21 

11 

8 

4 

1.    Greek  Measures. 


Ihs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

The  metretes  (ixcTpnrris} 84  4  3  00 

The  chus,  choa,  congius  (xovi) 7  0  2  66 

Tbe  xestes  (^t(jTVi) 1  1  7  44 

The  cotyla  {KOTvy.n) ^  "^  58 

The  tetarton  (rs^TapTov) 4  3  65 

The  oxybaphon  (o^vIS a tpov) 2  1  69 

The  cyaihos  (Kvados) 1  4  00 

The  concha  (KoyXv) 6  00 

The  myslron  (ijiverpov)  3  00 

The  chama  minor  (xi]pfj) 2  00 

The  cochliar  ion  (koX^i  lip  toy) 1  00 

2.  Roman  Pleasures  of  Capacity. 

lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 


The  amphora  OT  cadus 56  2 

Theurna 28  1 

The  congius 7  0 

The  sextarius 1  4 


The  hemina , 

The  quarlarius 

The  acetabulum , 

The  cyat/tus  or  small  glass., 
The  ligula  or  spoonful , 


7  24 

3  48 

2  66 
7  44 
1  18 
0  45 

4  23 

5  30 

3  24 


.3.  3feasures  said   to  be   of  the  Arabian,  Arubisi, 
and  Latin  Physicians  of  the  Middle  Ages. 

lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

The  missohacs  vreigheA 3    8 

Ahen,  kirt,  ejub.  eberia,  or  Rcrnian  mina,  1     6 

The  phial,  haffilius,  or  hassUinus 10 

The  calix  ov^rejelati 5 

The  handful,  pugillum,  cornusum, 3 

The  Itass^/f,  aesasse,  or  anesime 2 

The  conos  or  coatus,  alcantus  or  almunesi, 

brittle  cualms 1 

The  lesser  bachates 

The  largest  spomiful 

A  spoonful 

The  colanos  or  reclanarium 

A  small  spoonful  or  fiagerina.,  or  cyanes, 
The  smallest  spoo7iful  or  fahaliel 


1 

33 

0 

00 

1 

18 

0 

44 

2 

68 

4 

20 

5 

34 

5 

56 

4 

44 

1 

52 

1 

2,S 

1 

11 

WEILBACH 


982 


WHITLOW 


A  good  section  on  weights  and  measures  is 
contained  in  the  edition  of  "  The  Seven  Books 
of  Paulus  M^ineta,"  by  Mr.  Francis  Adams, 
published  by  the  Sydenham  Society  of  London, 
voL  iii.  p.  609,  London,  1847. 

Besides  the  weights  and  measures  above  men- 
tioned, employed  by  the  moderns,  there  are  modes 
of  estimating  the  quantities  of  substances  by  ap- 
proximation.    For  example  :  — 
A  glassful  or  cupful,  (  (F.)  Verre,)  is  reckoned  to 

contain  4  or  6  fiuidounces. 
A  wine-glassful,  IJ  ounce  or  two  ounces. 
A  (able-spoonful,  (  (F.)  Cuiller  a  bouche,)  about 

half  an  ounce. 
A  coffee  or  dessert-spoonful,  about  3  drachms. 
A  tea-spoonful,  a  fluidrachm. 
A  handful,  tnanipulus,   (  (F.)  Poignee,)  as  much 

as  can  be  held  in  the  hand. 
The  Pugillus  (  (F.)  Pincee)  is  as  much  as  can  be 

held  by  the  three  fingers. 

These  last  quantities  are  occasionally  prescribed 
by  the  French  practitioners.  Their  weights  must, 
of  course,  vary,  according  to  the  article.  The 
authors  of  the  Parisian  codex  have  valued  them, 
as  regards  certain  substances. 

^ench. 

nz.  dr. 

A  JlforatpitZMS  of  barley  weighs 3  23-^ 

"  linseed 1  4 

"  linseed  meal 3  3 

"  dried  mallow  leaves 1  3 

"  dried  cichory  leaves 1  0 

"  flowers  of  the  tilia 1  23^ 

dr.  scr.   gr. 
A  Pugillus  of  chamomile  flowers  weighs  2 

"              arnica 1  2 

"              marsh-mallow 1  1 

"              mallow 60 

"              fennel  seeds 1       60 

"             aniseed 1  J^     60 

A  hen's  egg,  newly  laid,  weighs  about  2  ounces 
and  2  drachms:  when  deprived  of  its  shell,  2 
ounces.  The  ichite  weighs  1  ounce,  2  drachms, 
and  67  grains  :  the  yolk,  5  drachms  and  15  grains. 

WEILBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
village  of  Weilbach  is  in  the  plain  between  the 
Maine  and  the  southern  extremity  of  the  Tau- 
nus  hills.  It  has  in  its  neighbourhood  a  cold 
sulphureous  alkaline  spring,  the  water  of  which 
is  bottled  and  exported,  although  not  of  great 
efficacy.  Its  use  is  at  times  combined  with  that 
of  the  saline  springs  in  Nassau,  and  of  Baden- 
Baden,  in  various  chronic  abdominal  and  thoracic 
affections. 

WEINTRAUBENKUR,  Grape  cure. 

WELCOME  TO  OUR  HOUSE,  Euphorbia 
cyparissias, 

WELD,  Reseda  luteola. 

WELK,  Whelk.  An  inequality ;  a  protube- 
rance ;  a  cutaneous  eruption  of  this  character. 
Acne. 

WELTER'S  BITTER,  Acid,  carbazotie. 

WEM,  Abdomen,  Uterus. 

WEMDING,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  These 
waters  are  situate  about  four  leagues  from  Donau- 
worth  in  Bavaria.  They  contain  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen ;  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda; 
sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia,;  a  little  chloride 
of  calcium,  and  oside  of  iron  j  and  are  much  used 
in  asthenic  diseases. 

WEN,  Sax.  pen,  Ln'pia,  Tumour,  (F.)  Loup. 
A  name  given  to  circumscribed,  indolent  tumours, 
without  inflammation  or  change  of  colour  of  the 
skin.  Tliey  may  be  met  with  in  almost  every 
part  of  the  body.  Their  magnitude,  as  well  as 
nature,  is  very  variable.  The  term  is  sometimes 
given  to  an  encysted  tumour,  and  to  bronchocele. 

WESTERN  ISLANDS,  Azores. 


WEST  INDIES,  {CLIMATE  OF.)  The  cli- 
mate of  the  West  Indies  has  long  been  regarded 
as  favourable  to  the  consumptive.  In  confirmed 
consumption,  it  appears,  however,  to  be  positively 
injurious.  As  a  prophylactic  for  those  predis- 
posed to  consumption,  it  is  generally  favourable. 
The  nature  of  the  patient's  constitution,  in  re- 
gard to  the  effects  of  elevated  temperature,  has 
always  to  be  taken  into  account.  In  diseases 
that  are  benefited  \>y  warm  climates,  the  AVest 
Indies  afford  an  appropriate  residence.  The 
islands  in  which  the  invalid  can  best  obtain  all 
the  advantages  of  the  climate,  are  Jamaica,  Bar- 
badoes,  St.  Vincents,  Antigua,  St.  Kitts,  and 
Santa  Cruz. 

WEST'S  SPRING,  see  South  Carolina,  mine- 
ral waters  of. 

WET  STRAPPING,  see  Water  dressing. 

WHAIIOO,  see  Euonymus. 

WHEAL,  Weal,  Wale,  Pomphus.  A  ridge, 
or  elevation  of  the  skin,  produced  by  a  rod  or 
whip;  or  as  if  produced  in  that  manner.  Such 
elevations  are  seen  in  urticaria. 

WHEAT,  Triticum — w.  Indian,  Zea  mays — w. 
Turkey,  Zea  mnys. 

WHEEZE,  (Prov.)  Bezzle,  Sax.  hpeoron, 
formed  probably,  like  whiz  and  whis2ier,  from  the 
sound  it  expresses.  To  breathe  with  difiiculty 
and  noise,  as  in  asthma. 

WHELK,  Acne,  Welk  —  w.  Chin,  Sycosis — w. 
Rosy,  Gutta  rosea. 

WHETLEBONES,  Vertebrse. 

WHEY,  Serum  lactis. 

Whey-Cure,  (G.)  Molkenkur.  In  the  Eur- 
saal  of  many  of  the  German  watering  places,  a 
space  is  set  apart  for  whey  drinkers.  The  whey 
is  a  pleasant  diluent,  and  the  sacchnrine  matter 
it  contains  may  act  as  a  eutrophic ;  but  the  main 
effect  on  the  valetudinarian  is  probably  produced 
by  the  new  impressions  made  upon  him  by  his 
visit  to  the  watering  place. 

Whey,  Mustard,  see  Sinapis — w.  Rennet,  see 
Serum  lactis — w.  Sack,  Wine-whey — w. Tamarind, 
see  Tamarindus — -w.  Vinegar,  see  Aeetum  — w. 
Wine,  Wine-whev. 

WHIFFING  MURMUR,  see  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory. 

WHIG,  Buttermilk,  Serum  lactis. 

AVHIMBERRY,  Vaecinium  myrtillus. 

WHISKY,  see  Spirit.  A  spirituous  liquor  ob- 
tained from  oats,  potatoes,  &c.,  by  distillation. 

Whisky  Liver.  Liver,  nutmeg. 

WHISPER,  CAVERNOUS,  see  Cavernous. 

AVHIS'PERING;  evidently  an  example  of  ono- 
matopoeia (hooisp'ering),  Susurra'tio,  Susurra'- 
tion.  Articulation  of  the  air  sent  through  the 
vocnl  tube  without  any  action  of  the  glottis. 

Whispering  Souffle,  see  Souffle. 

WHISTLING,  Sifflement,  see  Rale  sibilant. 

WHITE  BALL,  Cephalan thus  occidentalis — w. 
Blisters,  Rupia  escharotica. 

Whitk,  Flake,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

White  Leaf,  Pyrola  maeulata,  Spirasa  tomen- 
tosa — w.  Leg,  Phlegmatia  dolens — w.  Matter  of 
the  brain,  see  Cerebrum  —  w.  Root,  Angelica 
lucida,  Asclepias  tuberosa,  Ligusticum  actasifo- 
lium. 

AVhite,  Spanish,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of. 

White  Substance  of  Schwann,  see  Nerve 
fibre  —  w.  Sulphur,  see  Virginia,  mineral  waters 
of — w.  Swelling,  Hydrarthus  —  w.  Swelling  of 
lying-in  women,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  w.  Weed, 
Chrysanthemum  leueanthemum — w.  Wood,  Lirio- 
dendron,  Tilia  Americana. 

WHITENESS  OF  COMPLEXION,  Paleness. 

WHITES.  THE,  Leucorrhtea. 

WHITLEYA  STRAMONIFOLIA,  Anisodua 
luridus. 

WHITLOW,  Paronychia. 


WHOOPING-COUGH 


98; 


WINE 


WHOOPING-COUGH,  Pertussi^i. 

WHORLYWORT,  Leptandria  purpurea. 

WHORTLEBERRY,  Vacciiiium  myrtillus, 
Vacciuium  vitis  idaea  —  w.  Beais',  Arbutus  uva 
ursi. 

WHORTS,  BLACK,  Vaccinium  myrtillus. 

WHYTT'S  DISEASE,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

WIDOW-WAIL,  Cneorum  tricoccum,  Daphne 
Alpina. 

WIESBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
see  Wisbaden. 

WIESSAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
waters  are  situate  about  four  leagues  from  the 
convent  of  Waldsassen  in  Bavaria.  They  contain 
carbonic  acid;  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia; 
ch'.oi  ides  of  calcium,  magnesium,  and  aluminium ; 
earl>onate  of  soda,  and  much  oxide  of  iron.  The 
Bavarians  consider  them  to  resemblo  the  waters 
of  Pyrmont. 

AVILD,  Sax.  pilx>,  (D.)  Wild.  An  epithet 
given  to  the  countenance,  when  not  in  harmony 
with  the  condition  of  the  individual,  and  indica- 
ting strong  mental  emotion;  — a  wild  look,  (F.) 
Physioijnomie  egnree. 

WILDBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Wild- 
bad  is  a  small  town  of  Wurtemberg,  three  Ger- 
man miles  from  Baden-Baden.  It  is  much  fre- 
quented as  a  watering-place.  The  water  is  ther- 
mal, from  95°  to  100°  of  Fahr.,  and  is  much  em- 
ployed in  cases  in  which  thermal  waters  are  indi- 
cated. It  is  used  internally,  a  pint  not  con- 
taining more  than  a  grain  of  solid  ingredients, 
which  consists  of  salts  of  soda  and  lime.  The 
proportion  of  carbonic  acid  gas  is  very  small. 

WILDFIRE,  Erysipelas. 

Wildfire  Rash,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 

WILDUNGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wildungen  is  situate  a  few  miles  from  Cassel  in 
Germany.  In  its  neighbourhood  are  several  mi- 
neral springs;  the  chief  of  which,  according  to 
Stucke,  contain  a  bituminous  matter;  chloride 
of  sodium  and  sulphate  of  soda;  carbonate  and 
sulphate  of  lime,  &c.  They  are  used,  chiefly,  as 
refrigerants. 

WILL,  Voluntas. 

WILLAN,  Salix. 

WILLOW,  Salix — w.  Herb,  Common,  Lythrum 
salicaria  —  w.  Herb,  great,  Epilobium  angustifo- 
lium  —  w.  Herb,  purple,  Lythrum  salicaria  —  w. 
Herb,  purple  veined,  Epilobium  coloratum. 

Willow,  Low-bush,  Salix  humilis — w.  Speck- 
led, Salix  humilis  —  w.  Red,  Cornus  sericea — w. 
Rose,  Cornus  sericea  —  w.  Sweet,  Myrica  gale. 

WIND,  Sax.  pirfD,  (an  example  of  onomato- 
poiea — ooind)  Ventiis,  An'emos,  (F.)  Vent.  Winds 
exert  considerable  influence  on  the  animal  econo- 
my ;  acting  by  their  temperature,  which  neces- 
sarily modifies  that  of  the  circumambient  air,  as 
well  as  by  their  moisture  or  dryness,  and  by  the 
emanations  of  different  kinds,  which  they  trans- 
port to  greater  or  less  distances.  The  winds 
which  blow  over  a  considerable  extent  of  country, 
are  dry  and  serene :  those  which  come  from  the 
ocean  are  moist  and  chilly. 

Wind,  see  Flatulence. 

Wind  of  a  Ball.  A  term  applied  to  the  com- 
pression of  air,  supposed  to  be  produced  by  the 
passage  of  a  ball  near  a  part  of  the  body,  so  as 
to  occasion  what  has  been  called  a  wind  contu- 
sion. 

Wind  Contusion,  see  Wind  of  a  Ball  —  w. 
Dropsy,  Emphysema,  Tympanites  —  w.  Flower, 
Anemone — w.  Pipe,  Trachea — w.  Root,  Asclepias 
tuberosa  —  w.  Weed,  Asclepias  tuberosa. 

WINDINESS,  Flatulence. 

WINDY,  Flatulen'tus,  Flat'ulent,  Va'porous, 
(F.)  Venteux,  Flattteux,    That  which  causes  wind 


or  flatulence;  also,  that  which  is  caused  by  wind 
or  flatulence;  as  windy  food,  windy  colic,  &c. 
Also,  one  aifected  with  flatulence,  or  who  is 
'troubled  with  the  wind.' 

WINE,  Sax.  pin,  (G.)  Wei  n,  originally,  per- 
haps, from  oivos,  QSnoa,  Vinum,  /je-S-u,  IJethii,  (P.) 
Vin.  A  name  given  by  chymists  to  all  liquors 
that  have  become  spirituous  by  fermentation. 
The  term  is  generally,  however,  restricted  to  the 
fermented  juice  of  the  grape,  or  of  fruits,  the  pro- 
duct of  whose  fermentation  resembles,  in  alluo^t 
all  respects,  that  of  the  juice  of  the  grape.  AVine 
is  composed  of  alcohol ;  saccharine  matter;  malic 
acid;  tartaric  acid ;  bitartrate  of  polussa;  acetic 
acid  ;  an  extractive  colouring  matter,  more  or  less 
bitter,  and  partly  resinous  ;  and  sometimes  of  an 
aromatic  substance.  The  extractive  colouring 
matter  is  chiefly  met  with  in  red  wines.  All  these 
constituents,  except  the  alcohol,  are  found  ready 
formed  in  the  grape.  The  alcohol  proceeds  from 
the  decomposition  of  the  saccharine  matter.  A 
part  of  the  acetic  acid  is  also  formed  during  fer- 
mentation. 

The  following  table,  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Brande, 
exhibits  the  quantity  of  spirit  in  different  kinds 
of  wine  and  liquors.  It  is  proper,  however,  to 
remark,  that  many  of  these  wines  are  prepared 
for  the  London  market,  and  are  more  brandied,  or 
'•'reinforced,"  than  the  same  varieties  sold  in  the 
United  States.  This  is  strikingly  the  case  with 
port.  Dr.  Henderson,  too,  has  remarked,  that 
some  of  the  wines  analyzed  by  Mr.  Brande  were 
mixed  with  a  considerable  quantity  of  adventi- 
tious alcohol.  Dr.  Henderson's  additions  and 
corrections  have  the  letter  H.  affixed. 

Pkoportion  or  Alcohol,  s.  g.  0'825,  in  one  hundred 

PARTS  Br  MEASURE  OF  THE   FOLLOWING  WiNES,  AND  MALT 

AND  Spirituous  Liquors. 

1.  Lissa 26-47 

Do 24-35 

Average,  (a)  25-41 

2.  Raisin  Wine 26-40 

Do 25-77 

Do 2.3-20 

Average,  25-12 

3.  Marsala 26-03 

Do 25-05 

Average,  (&)  25-09 

4.  Port  —  average  of  six  kinds 2.3-48 

Do.  — highest 25-83 

Do.  — lowest 21-40 

5.  Madeira 24-42 

Do 23-93 

Do.  (Sercial) 21-45 

Do 19-24 

Average,  22-27 

6.  Currant  Wine 20-55 

7.  Sherry 19-81 

Do 19-83 

Do 18-79 

Do 18-25 

Average,  19-17 

8.  Teneri£fe 19-79 

9.  Colares 19-75 

10.  Lacryma  Christi 1970 

11.  Constantia  —  white 19-75 

"  red (c)  18-92 

12.  Lisbon 18-94 

13.  Malaga 1894 

14.  Bucellaa 18-49 

15.  Red  Madeira 22-.30 

Do 18-40 

Average,  20-35 

16.  Cape  Muscat 18-25 

17.  Cape  Madeira 22-94 

Do 20-50 

Do 18-11 

Average.  20-51 

18.  Grape  Wine '.  1811 

19.  Calcavella 19-20 

Do 1810 

Average,  18-65 

20.  Vidonia 19-25 

21.  Alba  Flora 17-26 

(a)  15-90  H.        (b)  18-40  H.        (c)  14-50  H. 


WINE 


984 


WISBADEN 


22.  Malaga l'-26 

23.  White  Hermitage 17-4a 

24.  Roiissilloii 19-00 

Do 17-26 

Average,  13-13 

25.  Claret 1711 

Do 16-32 

Do 14-08 

Do 12-91 

Average,  (d)  15-10 

26.  Malmsey  Madeira 16-40 

27.  Lunel 15-52 

28.  Scheraaz 15-52 

29.  Syracuse 15-28 

50.  Sauterne 1422 

51.  Burgundy 16-60 

Do 15-22 

Do 14.53 

Do 11.95 

Average,  14'57 

52.  Hook 14-37 

Do 1300 

Do.  (old  in  cask) 8-88 

Average,  12-08 

Kudesheimer  (1811) H.  1072 

Do.  (1800) H.  12-22 

Average,  H.  11-47 

Johanni'berger H.    8-71 

as.  Nice 14-63 

34.  Barsac 13-86 

35.  Tent 1330 

36.  Champagne  (still) 13-80 

Do.  (sparkling) 12-80 

Do.  (red) 12-56 

Do 11-30 

Average,  12-61 

37.  Red  Hermitage l'2-32 

38.  Via  de  Grave 13-94 

Do 12-80 

Average,  13-37 

39.  Frontignac 1279 

40.  Cote  RGtie 1232 

41.  Gooseberry  Wine 11-84 

42.  Orange  Wine  —  average  of  six  samples  made 

by  a  London  manufacturer 11-26 

43.  Tokay 9-88 

44.  Elder  Wine 9-87 

45.  Itheoish  Wine H.    8-71 

48.  Cider  —  highest  average 9-87 

Do.  lowest 5-21 

47.  Perry  —  average  of  four  samples 7-26 

48.  Mead 7-32 

49.  Ale  (Burton) 8-88 

Do.  (Edinburgh) 6-20 

Do.  (Dorchester 5-56 

Average,    6-87 

50.  Brown  Stout 6-80 

51.  London  Porter  —  average 4-20 

Do.     Small  Beer  —  average 1-28 

0-2.  Brandy 53-39 

53.  Bum 53-68 

64.  Gin 51.60 

55.  Scotch  Whisky 54-32 

56.  Irish  do     63-90 

The  only  wine  recommended  in  some  pharma- 
copoeias is  Sherry,  Vinum,  V.  album  Hispan'icum, 
V.  ^er'ieum,  Leucoe'nus.  It  is  a  dry  wine ;  the 
least  variable  in  its  properties,  and  agrees  best 
■with  the  dyspeptic.  Other  wines  used  ofBcinally 
are — Canary  or  Sack  loine,  Vinum  Canari' num ; 
Mountain  wine,  Vinum  album  monla'num ;  I'ent 
wine;  Rhenish  loine,  Vinum  Rhena'num ;  and 
Port  roine,   Vinum  ruhrum  Portugal' licum. 

The  wines  habituallj'  drunk  are  almost  innu- 
merable. Those  that  are  sweet,  or  contain  a 
large  portion  of  free,  saccharine  matter,  are  de- 
cidedly the  least  wholesome  to  the  dyspeptic. 

When  wine  is  good,  and  of  a  proper  age,  it  is 
tonic  and  nutritive;  when  new,  flatulent  and  ca- 
thartic, disagreeing  with  the  stomach  and  bowels. 
In  medicine,  it  is  a  valuable  tonic  in  the  last 
stage  of  typhus,  when  the  skin  is  not  too  hot  and 
dry.  Its  use,  however,  requires  great  caution  ; 
and  when  once  commenced  under  proper  circum- 
stances, it  cannot  be  suddenly  dropped  without 
mischief.  It  is,  perhaps,  the  best  permanent 
stimulus  in  the  catalogue  of  the  materia  medica. 


(d)  12-91  H. 


Mulled  Wine  is  made  as  follows:  —  Take  of 
bruised  cinnamon  ^i  ;  half  a  nutmeg  grated;  and 
ten  bruised  cloves.  Infuse  in  boiling  water  Oss 
for  an  hour;  strain  and  add  sugar  ^j.  Pour  the 
whole  into  a  pint  of  hot  Port  or  Sherry.  Useful 
in  adynamic  conditions. 

Wine,  AjiiNiUAN,  Aminseum  vinum. 

Wine  op  Aloes,  Vinum  aloes. 

AViNE,  Antimonial,  Vinum  antimonii — w.  An- 
tiscorbutic, Vinum  antiscorbuticum  —  w.  Aro- 
matic, Vinum  aromaticum — w.  Bark,  compound, 
Vinum  de  kina  kina  compositum  —  w.  Barley, 
Cerevisia — w.  Bitter,  diuretic,  Vinum  diureticum 
am  arum. 

Wine  Bitters,  Vinum  gentia'ncB  compositum. 
The  formulee  for  these  may  be  various.  The  fol- 
lowing is  as  good  and  as  agreeable  as  any.  {Pad. 
gentian.  Ibj,  cort.  aurant.  ^x,  sem.  cardam.  cont. 
^iv,  cinnam.  cort.  ^iv,  wine,  foreign  or  domestic, 
three  gallons  and  a  half.)     Tonic  and  stomachic. 

Wine,  Cedar,  Cedrinum  vinum  —  w.  Cham- 
pagne, Vinum  campanum  —  w.  Chian,  Chium 
vinum. 

Wine  op  Colchicum,  Vinum  colchici  —  w.  of 
Colchicum  seed,  Vinum  colchici  seminis — w.  of 
Ergot,  Vinum  ergotas — w.  of  Gentian,  compound, 
Vinum  gentians  compositum  —  w.  of  Hellebore, 
white,  Vinum  veratri. 

Wine,  Ipecacuanha,  Vinum  Ipecacuanhse. 

Wine  op  Iron,  Vinum  ferri. 

Wine,  Medicated,  Vinum  medicinale  —  w. 
Mulled,  see  Wine. 

Wine  op  Opium,  Vinum  opii. 

Wine,  Port,  Vinum  Portugallicum — w.  Pullet, 
Poulet,  vin  de. 

Wine  op  Quinia,  Vinum  quiniae. 

Wine,  Rhubarb,  Vinum  rhei — w.  Sherry,  Vi- 
num— w.  Steel,  Vinum  ferri — w.  Tobacco,  Vinum 
tabaci — w.  Tar,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

Wine  Whey,  White  Wine  Whey,  (Prov.)  Sack- 
whey.  Take  of  good  milk  two-thirds  of  a  pint, 
and  add  luater  to  make  a  pint.  Take  of  sherry, 
or  any  other  good  white  wine,  two  glasses,  and 
of  sugar  a  dessert-spoonful.  Place  the  milk  and 
water  in  a  deep  pan  on  the  fire;  and  the  moment 
it  boils,  pour  into  it  the  wine  and  sugar.  Stir 
assiduously  for  12  or  15  minutes,  whilst  it  boils. 
Lastly,  strain  through  a  sieve. 

It  is  a  good  mode  of  giving  wine  in  adynamic 
states. 

Wine,  White,  see  Wine. 

Wine  op  Wormwood,  Vinum  absinthites. 

WING-SEED,  Ptelea  trifoliata. 

WINKERS,  Cilia. 

WINKING,  Scardamygmus. 

WINTER'S  BARK  TREE,  Wintera  aromatiea. 

W^INTER  BERRY,  SMOOTH,  Prinos  Isevi- 
gatus  —  w.  Berry,  Virginia,  Prinos  —  w.  Berry, 
whorled,  Prinos. 

Winter  Bloom,  Hamamelis  Virginiana  —  w. 
Cough,  Bronchitis,  chronic — w.  Green,  Gaulthe- 
ria — w.  Green,  round-leaved,  Pyrola — w.  Green, 
spotted,  Pyrola  maculata. 

WINTERA,  see  Wintera  aromatiea. 

Win'terA  ArOMAt'iCA,  Brimys  Win'teri,  Win- 
tera'na  aromat'ica,  Winter's  bark  Tree ;  Ord. 
Magnoliacese.  The  bark,  Wintera  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Cortex  Wintera'nus  seu  Winteranus  3Iagellan'- 
icus,  G.  Magellan'icus,  Cinnamo'mum  3Iagellan'- 
ieum,  (F.)  Scarce  de  Winter,  Cannelle poivree,  is 
very  much  allied  in  its  properties  to  Canellaalba. 

WINTERANA  AROMATICA,  Wintera  aro- 
matiea. 

WIRTSPRINGS,  Hangnails. 

WISBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wisbaden  is  a  town  of  Germany,  about  6  miles 


WISMTJTHUM 


985 


WORMS 


north  of  Mainz,  and  22  west  of  Frankfort.  It  has 
been  long  celebrated  for  its  hot  springs  ;  and  is 
much  frequented.  There  are  numerous  cold  and 
thermal  springs, — the  former  containing  sulpho- 
hydric  acid;  the  latter  being  saline  and  acidu- 
lous. The  temperature  of  the  hot  springs  varies 
from  117°  to  160°  Fahr. 

WISMUTHUM,  Bismuth. 

WITCHEN,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

WITCHHAZEL,  Hamamelis  Virginiana,  Sor- 
bus acuparia. 

WITCHMEAL,  Lycopodium. 

WITCHWOOD,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

WIT  TEETH,  see  Dentition. 

WITTER,  Throat. 

WIZEN,  (Esophagus. 

WOAD,  Isatis  tinctoria. 

WOD,  Insane. 

WODNES,  Insanity,  Mania. 

WOLFBANE,  Veratrum  viride. 

WOLFSBANE,  Aconitum  —  w.  Wholesome, 
Aconitum  anthora. 

WOLFSCLAW,  Lycopodium. 

WOLFS  J  AW,  see  Harelip. 

WOMAN,  pi.  women,  Gyne,  (F.)  Femme,  Sax. 
piFman,  '  wifeman,'  '  woofman.'  The  adult  fe- 
male of  the  human  race. 

WOMANHOOD,  Mulieritas. 

WOMB,  Uterus— w.  Falling  down  of  the.  Pro- 
lapsus uteri. 

WcMB  Grain,  Ergot. 

Womb,  Laceration  op  the,  Uterus,  rupture 
of  the — w.  Tympany  of  the,  Physometra. 

WONGE,  Cheek. 

WOOD,  BRAZIL,  CiBsalpinia  echinata — w. 
Elk,  Andromeda  arborea  —  w.  Pernambuco,  Cie- 
salpinia  echinata. 

Wood-lice,  Onisci  aselli. 

Wood-march,  Saniele. 

Wood,  Nicaragua,  see  Cagsalpinia — w.  Peach, 
see  Csesalpinia  —  w.  Pernambuco,  Csesalpinia 
echinata  —  w.  Sampfen,  Caesalpiuia  sappan  —  w. 
Sappan,  CaBsalpinia  sappan. 

Wood  Sorrel,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

Wood,  Sour,  Andromeda  arborea — w.  Waxen, 
Genista  tinctoria. 

WOODWEX,  Genista  tinctoria. 

WOODBINE,  COMMON,  Lonicera  periclyme- 
num. 

WOODROOF,  SWEET-SCENTED,  Asperula 
odorata. 

WOODS,  SUDORIF'IC,  (F.)  Bois  sudor ifiquea. 
This  term  is  applied,  collectively,  to  guaiacum, 
sassafras,  china,  and  sarsaparilla,  which  are  often 
used  together  to  form  the  sudorific  decoction. 

WOOBALI,  Curare. 

WOORARA,  Curare. 

WORM,  see  Alembic,  Vermiform  process  —  w. 
Bark  tree,  Geoffraea  inermis — w.  Cakes,  Story's, 
see  Cakes,  worm,  Story's  —  w.  Disease,  Helmin- 
thiasis—  w.  Goosefoot,  Chenopodium  anthelmin- 
ticum  —  w.  Grass,  perennial,  Spigelia  Marilan- 
dica. 

Worm,  Guinea,  Dracunculus. 

Worm  Loz'enges,  Ching's.  Empirical  prepa- 
rations, which  consist  of  yellow  and  brown  lo- 
zenges. The  former  are  directed  to  be  taken  in 
the  evening;  the  latter  on  the  following  morning. 
The  Yellow  Lozenges.  (Saffron,  §ss,  loater,  Oj  ; 
boil,  and  strain;  and  add  of  white  panacea  of 
mercury,  (calomel  washed  in  spirit  of  wine,)  Ibj, 
white  sugar,  28  lbs,  mucilage  of  gum  tragacanth 
q.  s.  to  make  a  mass.     Divide,  so  that  each  lo- 


zenge may  contain  a  grain  of  the  panacea.)  The 
Brown  Lozenges.  (Panacea  ^vij,  resin  of  jalap 
ibiijss,  white  sugar  ftix,  mucilage  of  gum  tragac. 
q.  s.  Each  lozenge  to  contain  gr.  ss  of  the  pa- 
nacea.) 

Worm  Lozenges,  Sherman's,  are  said  to  be 
composed  of  calomel,  gamboge,  and  sugar. 

Peters's  Worm  Lozenges  are  said  to  be  com- 
posed in  a  similar  manner. 

Worm  Root,  Spigelia  Marilandica  —  w.  Seed, 
Artemisia  santonica,  Chenopodium  anthelminfi- 
cum — w.  Seed,  goosefoot,  Chenopodium  anthel- 
minticum  —  w.  Weed,  Corsican,  Corallina  Corsi- 
cana,  Polanisia  graveolens — w.  Weed,  white,  Co- 
rallina— w.  AVood,  biennial,  Artemisia  biennis  — 
w.  Wood,  Canada,  Artemisia  canadensis  —  w. 
Wood,  common,  Artemisia  absinthium — w.  Wood, 
creeping,  Artemisia  rupestris  —  w.  AVood,  lesser, 
Artemisia  Pontiea — w.  Wood,  Roman,  Artemisia 
Pontica — w.  Wood,  sea,  Artemisia  maritima — w. 
Wood,  silky,  Artemisia  glacialis. 

WORMIA'NA  OSSA  seu  OSSIC'ULA,  0. 
epacta'lia  seu  rajjhogeminan' tia  seu  triq'uetra  seu 
triangula'ria  Bla'sii  seu  sutura'rum,  Claves  cal- 
va'rice.  Wormian  bones,  (F.)  Os  Wormiens  ou 
epactaux  ou  surnumeraires  (Ch.),  ou  intercales 
ou  triangulaires  ou  Clefs  du  erdne.  Small  bones, 
which  are  sometimes  observable  in  the  sutures  of 
the  bones  of  the  cranium,  of  which  they  form  a 
part.  They  were  called  Wormiana,  from  Olaus 
Wormius,  who  is  said  to  have  first  described 
them.  They  had  been  previousl}',  however,  men- 
tioned by  G.  Andernach,  a  physician  at  Strasburg. 
The  Ossa  AVormiana  exist  more  commonly  in  the 
sutures  of  the  vault  of  the  skull;  especially  in  the 
lambdoidal,  sagittal,  and  squamous.  They  are 
uncommon  at  the  base  of  the  skull.  Their  size 
is  very  variable,  and  shape  irregular.  Their 
structure  and  development  are  similar  to  those  of 
the  other  bones  of  the  cranium;  and,  like  them, 
they  are  bounded  by  sutures. 

AVORMIT,  Artemisia  absinthium. 

WORMS,  originally  from  (L.)  Vermes  :  (F.) 
Vers/  Eiitozo'a,  Entozoa'ria,  Enterozo'a,  Endo- 
zo'a,  Entelminth'a,  Enthelmin'thes,  Helmin'tM, 
Entoparasites,  (F.)  Entozoaires.  Animals  whose 
common  character  is  that  of  existing  only  in 
other  animals ;  hence  their  name  entozoa,  from 
evTos,  'within,'  and  ^mov,  '  animal.'  They  are  met 
with,  not  only  in  the  natural  cavities,  but  even 
in  the  tissue  of  the  organs,  but  chiefly  in  the 
intestines  —  Vermes  intesti'ni,  Helmin'thia  alvi 
s-enp)od'icis,  Splanchnelminth'ia,  Intes'tinal icorms, 
(F.)  Vers  intestinaux,  Angibromehninthie.  Piorry, 
Cuvier,  Piudolphi,  Brera,  Bremser,  Laennec,  and 
others,  have  endeavoured  to  classify  them, — 
some  according  to  their  shape;  others,  according 
to  their  anatomical  characters. 

The  following  table  exhibits  most  of  the  entozoa 
which  have  been  met  with  in  the  human  body, 
and  their  usual  habitats  :  — 

Entozoa.  Where  found. 

Trichoceph'alus  dispar, 

Oxyu'ris  vermicula'ris, 

As'caris  ala'ta, 

As'caris  lumbricoi'des,  \  Intestines. 

Ancyclos'toma  duodenale, 

Bothrioceph'alus  latus, 

Tee'nia  so'lium, 

Pentas'toma  constric'tum,     ] 

Tae'nia  nana,  J 

-r,-  ,         1  ,   „  •  ]  Intestines  and  A''e- 

Distoma  h^mato'bium,  >  . 

'  J       na  porta. 

Ditrachyc'eras  rudis,  (?)  Intestines. 

Diploso'ma  crena'ta,  "I 

Spirop'tera  hom'inis,  >  Urinary  bladder. 

Dactyl'ius  aculea'tus,  J 


and  Liver. 


WORSUM 

Dis'toma,hepat'icutn, 
Dis'toma  lanceola'tum, 
Stron'gylus  gigas,  "I 

Tetras'toma  reaa'le,  J 

Fila'ria  oo'uli, 
Mouos'toma  lentis, 

Distoma  oc'uli  huma'ni,  [ 

Acephalocyst'is  endog"ena, 

Echinococ'cus  tom'inis,         > 

Polys'toma  pinguie'ola,  1 

Hexathyrid'ium  pinguie'ola  j 
Polys'toma     vena'rum    seu 

sanguic'ola, 
Hexathyrid'ium  vena'rum, 
Fila'ria  bronchia'lis, 
Trichi'na  spira'lis,  1 

Cystieer'cus  cellulo'sse,  J 

Acephalocyst'is  multif'ida, 
Fila'ria  medinen'sis, 


98  6 


WRYNECK 


Gall  bladder. 
Hepatic  duct. 

Kidney. 

Eye. 

Crystalline. 

Capsule  of  crystal- 
line. 

Liver. 

Liver,  Spleen,  and 
Omentum. 

Ovary. 

Veins. 

Bronchial  glands. 

Muscles. 

Brain. 

Areolar  texture. 


The  most  common  of  these  are: — the  Oxyuris 
vermicularis,  Ascaris  lumbricoides,  and  Tajnia, 
which  are  found  in  the  intestines.  The  origin  of 
these  worms  is  extremely  singular,  and  more  fa- 
vourable than  any  other  fact  to  the  hypothesis 
of  spontaneous  generation  in  the  lowest  tribes  of 
animated  nature.  They  are  certainly  not  identi- 
cal with  any  worms  out  of  the  body.  They  are 
most  commonly  met  with  in  children  improperly 
fed;  but  their  presence  cannot  be  positively  de- 
tected by  any  symptoms,  except  that  of  the  dis- 
charge of  the  worms  themselves  in  the  evacua- 
tions. They  may,  of  course,  give  rise  to  every 
kind  of  irritation  in  the  intestinal  tube,  and  to 
sympathetic  disturbance  in  most  of  the  functions; 
but  all  these  signs  may  be  produced  by  intestinal 
irritation  resulting  from  other  causes. 

Anthelmintics  or  vermifuges,  employed,  as  the 
name  imports,  for  their  removal,  may  be  of  two 
'kmds— mechanical  and  true.  To  the  first  class — 
the  mechanical — belong  Emetics,  Purgatives,  3Iu- 
cuna, powdered  Tin,  &o.  To  the  latter — the  true 
anthelmintics, —  Turpentine,  Chennpodium  anthel- 
minticum,  Pinh-root,  Semina  Santonici,  &c.  Of 
these,  the  best  is  turpentine.  See  Oleum  tere- 
binthinse.  The  great  object,  however,  is  to  pre- 
vent their  generation.  This  must  be  done  by 
generous  diet,  fresh  air,  and  tonics,  where  neces- 
sary. 

Worms,  Acne  punctata. 

WORSUM,  Pus. 

WORT,  Sax.  pypt,  Mustum,  Tn/u'aum  Bynes 
seu  Bra'sii  seu  M(dti,  (F.)  Mo'iit  de'la  Bie'-e.  An 
infusion  of  salt.  This  has  been  recommended  in 
scurvy.  One  measure  of  ground  malt  is  added  to 
three  equal  measures  of  boiling  water.  The  mix- 
ture must  be  well  stirred,  and  left  to  stand 
covered  three  or  four  hours.  Dose,  one  to  four 
pints,  daily.  It  has,  also,  been  recommended  in 
Other  cases,  where  a  strong  putrescent  disposition 


appeared  to  prevail  in  the  fluids,  as  in  cancerous 
and  phagedenic  ulcers.     It  is  not  now  employed. 

WORTWALE,  Hangnail. 

WOSEN,  Trachea. 

WOUND,  Sax.  punts,  Vtdnus,  Volnus,  (diminu- 
tive Vulnus'culum),  Plaga,  Trauma,  Troma,  Tresis, 
Tresis  Vulnns,  Blabe,  Tymma,  (F.)  Plaie,  Bles- 
sure.  A  solution  of  continuity  in  the  soft  parts, 
produced  by  some  mechanical  agent.  Wounds 
present  innumerable  differences,  as  regards  their 
situation;  the  parts  interested;  their  direction; 
size;  shape;  the  nature  of  the  instrument  or 
agent  by  which  they  are  produced  ;  their  more 
or  less  simple  or  complex  character,  duration,  &o. 
A  wound  is  called  incised,  (F.)  Coiqmre,  Incision, 
when  made  by  a  cutting  instrument ; — punctured, 
Nygma,  (F.)  Piqure,  when  made  by  a  pointed 
instrument;  —  lacerated,  (F.)  Dechirure,  Plaie 
pur  arrachement,  when  the  parts  are  lacerated 
or  torn  by  the  wounded  body;  poisoned,  Celln- 
li'tis  venena'ta,  Necu'sia,  (F.)  Plaie  envenimie, 
when  some  virulent  or  venomous  substance  has 
been  introduced; — and  contused,  (F.)  Plaie  con- 
tuse, when  produced  by  a  blunt  body.  Gunshot 
loounda,  Sclopetopla' ga,  Vul'nera  sclopeta'ria  seu 
d  sclope'tis,  (F. )  Plaiea  d' amies  d  feu  ou  d'arque~ 
busade  ou  d'arquebuse,  Coup  de  feu,  belong  to  the 
last  division. 

WOURALI,  Curare. 

WOURARI,  Curare. 

AVOURARU,  Curare. 

WOURSUM,  Pus. 

AVRACK,  SEA,  Fucus  vesiculosus  —  w.  Blad- 
der, yellow,  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

WRAMP,  Sprain. 

WRAPPING  UP,  (of  the  hydropatMsts,) 
Emaillottage. 

WRATACK,  Nanus. 

WRENCH,  Sprain. 

WRET,  Verruca. 

WRETWEED,  Euphorbia  palustris. 

WRIGHTIA  ANTIDYSENTERICA,  Nerium 
antidysentericum. 

WRINKLE,  Sax.  rpmcle,  Rngn,  Rytis,  Eha- 
cus,  lihachus,  Ehagus,  Rhysse'ma,  Corruga'tio  cu- 
tis, Ruelles,  (Sc.)  Eunlde,  Runkill,  (Prov.)  Crin- 
Icle-crankle,  (F.)  Ride.  A  furrow  or  fold  in  the 
skin  of  the  face,  forehead,  vagina,  &c.  See  Cor- 
rugation. 

WRINKLED,  Rvgo'sus,  Rugous,  Rugose,  (F.) 
Ride.     Full  of  wrinkles. 

WRIST,  Carpus. 

WRIST-DROP.  Paralysis  of  the  muscles  of 
the  forearm,  induced  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

WRITERS'  SPASM,  see  Spasm,  writers'. 

WURALI,  Curare. 

WURSTGIFT,  Allantotoxicum. 

WRONG  HEIR,  Cancellus. 

WRYNECK,  Torticollis. 


X  LEG 


987 


XIPHOPAGES 


X. 


X  LEG,  Entogonyancon. 
XALAPPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
XANTHIC  OXIDE,  Uric  oxide. 
XANTHINE,  Uric  oxide. 

XAN'THIUM,  X.  Struma'rium  seu  Orienta'le 
seu  Vulga're,  Barda'na  minor,  Lappa  minor,  Les- 
ser Burdock,  Burweed,  Burthistle,  Clotbur,  Cockle- 
hur,(¥.)  Lampoarde,  Petit  Glouteron,  Petite  Bar- 
dane,  from  ^av^ai,  'yellow,'  because  of  the  colour 
the  plant  is  said  to  yield.  This  herb,  as  one  of 
its  names  imports,  was  once  esteemed  for  the  cure 
of  scrofula.  The  seeds  have  been  administered 
in  cutaneous  affections. 

XANTHIURIA,  Xanthuria. 
XANTHOP'SIA,   from    ^avOo;,    'yellow,'   and 
j^is,  'vision.'      Yellow    vision,  —  as    sometimes 
occurs  in  jaundice. 

XANTHORRHIZA,  {^av^o?,  'yellow,'  and  pjja, 
'root.')     Xanthorrhiza  apiifolia. 

Xanthorrhi'za  Apiifo'lia,  Xanthorrhiza,  X. 
simplicls'sima  seu  Marbo'ica,  Zanthorrhiza  tiitc- 
to'ria.  Yellow  Boot,  Parsley-leaved  Yellow  Boot, 
Yellow  wort,  Shrub  yellow  root.  The  root  of 
this  American  plant — Xanthorrhiza,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
—is  a  strong  and  pleasant  bitter;  and,  in  the 
dose  of  two  scruples,  sits  easy  upon  the  stomach. 
XANTHORRHCE'A,  Grass  Tree.  A  genus  of 
trees  in  Australia,  A^at.  Order,  Liliaceas,  of  which 
there  are  several  species.  Two  resins  are  ob- 
tained from  them  ; — one  the  yelloio  resin  of  Xan- 
thorrhoea  or  of  Nexo  Holland,  Besi'na  lu'tea  Novi 
Relgii,  Botany  Bay  resin,  Ac'aroid  resin  or  gum, 
resi'na  vel  gummi  acaro'i'des,  which  probably  re- 
sembles tolu  and  storax  in  medicinal  properties ; 
— the  other  the  red  resin  of  Xanthorrhoea,  black- 
boy  gum. 

XANTHOS,  Yellow. 

XANTHO'SIS.  a  term  applied  to  the  yellow 
discolouration  often  observed  in  cancerous  tu- 
mours —  especially  in  encephaloid  of  the  testicle. 
—  Lebert. 

XANTHOX'YLUM  FRAXIN'EUM,  {^avOog, 
'yellow,' and  fuXoi/,  'wood.')  X.  america'num,  X. 
fraxinifo'lium,  X.  ramiflo'rum,  X.  tricar'jiiim, 
Prickly  ash,  Shrubby  prickly  ash,  Toothache  bush. 
Toothache  tree,  Pell'itory,  Yellow  wood,  Suter- 
berry.  Ord.  Xanthosylacese.  A  spirituous  in- 
fusion of  the  bark  —  Xanthox'ylum — Ph.  U.  S. — 
has  been  highly  recommended  in  cases  of  vio- 
lent colic.  The  fresh  juice,  expressed  from  the 
root  of  xanthoxylum,  is  said  to  aflFord  relief  in 
the  dry  bellyache  of  the  West  Indies.  A  deooc- 
tioa  of  the  bark  is  sometimes  used  as  a  wash  to 
foul  ulcers. 

Xanthoxylum  Carolia'ntjm  has  similar  pro- 
perties ;  but  is  more  acrid. 

Xanthoxylusi  Clava  Hercdlis  of  the  "West 
Indies,  (F.)  Clavalier  d  feuilles  de  frene,  Frene 
epineux  is  a  very  strong  stimulant,  and  powerful 
sialogogue ;  and  has  been  given  internally  in 
rheumatism.   • 

Xanthoxylum  Octandra,  Fagara  octandra. 
XANTHU'RIA,  XnnfAi'u'na,  from  ^avQog,  'yel- 
low,' and  ovpov,  'urine.'     A  condition  of  the  sys- 
tem and  of  the  urine,  in  which  xanthie  oxide  is 
deposited  from  the  urine. 
XANTICA,  Carminatives. 
XANTOLINA,  Artemisia  santonica. 
XENODOCEUM,  Hospital. 


XENODOCHEUM,  Hospital. 
XERANSIS,  Arefaction,  Drying. 
XERANTIA,  Siccantia. 

XERA'SIA.  Same  etymon  ;  from  |i(pof,  'dry.' 
A  disease  of  the  hairs,  which  become  dry,  ceaso 
to  grow,  and  resemble  down  covered  with  dust. — 
Galen. 

XERION,  Catapasma. 

XEROCOLLYR'IUM,  from  ^rjpos,  'dry,'  and 
KoWovpwv,  '  a  collyrium  ;'  Collyr'ium  siccuni.  A 
dry  collyrium. 

XERODER'MA,  from  ?,npoi,  '  dry,' and  hpfia. 
'skin.'  Diminution  of  ;,ecretion  of  the  sebaceous 
glands. 

XEROMA,  Xeropththalmia  —  x.  Conjunctival, 
Xerophthalmia — x.  Lachrymal,  Xerophthalmia. 

Xeroma,  Lachrymal.  suppression  of  the 
lachrymal  secretion.     See  Xerophthalmia. 

XEROMYCTER,  Xeromycteria. 

XEROMYCTE'RIA,  Xeromycter,  from  Uf,oi, 
'dry,'  and  fivKrrip,  'the  nose.'  Dryness  of  the 
nose. 

XEROMY'RON,  Vnguen'tum  siccmn ;  from 
I'tjpof,  'dry,'  and  jivpov,  'an  ointment.'  A  dry 
ointment.  —  Gorrasus. 

XEROPHA'GIA,  from  |)7pof,  '  dry,'  and  ^ayco, 
'I  eat.'  Excessive  use  of  dry  aliment.  A  kind 
of  regimen  to  which  the  ancient  athletse  subjected 
themselves,  with  the  view  of  increasing  their 
strength. 

XEROPHTHAL'MIA,07J^;7ia?'m!as/cca,(9/;;i- 
thalmoxero'sis,  Xero'ma,  from  ^rjpoi,  'dry,'  and 
opSa^nia,  '  inflammation  of  the  eye.'  An  inflam- 
mation of  the  eye,  without  discharge.  The  term 
— as  well  as  Conjunctival  and  Lach'rymal  Xero'- 
ma, and  Cutie' ular  Conjunctiva — has  been  given 
to  cases  in  which  the  conjunctiva  is  so  changed, 
that  it  presents  more  of  the  characters  of  skin 
than  of  mucous  membrane.  It  is  incapable  of 
radical  cure.     Also,  lippitudo. 

XEROTRIBIA,  see  Friction. 

XEROTRIPSIS,  Friction,  dry. 

XIPHISTERNUM,  Xiphoid. 

XIPHODES,  Xiphoid. 

XIPHODYMUS,  Thoraco-gastrodidymus. 

XIPHOID,  Xiphoi'des,  Xipho'des  Ensifor'- 
mis,  from  ^i(poi,  'a  sword,'  and  eiios,  'shape;' 
Cartila'go  Xipho'ides  sen  Xipho'idea  seu  Scuta'lis 
seu  Ensiformis  seu  Pelta'lis  seu  Pelta'tus,  Fur- 
cel'la  infe'rior,  ilucrona'tum  os,  Macrona'ia  Car- 
tila'go, Chondros,  Processus  xiphosterna'Us  seu  xi- 
pho'ides  seu  sterni  xipho'ideus,  Xijihi sternum,  En'- 
siforin  car'tilage,  (F.)  Apjiendice  ou  cartilage  xi- 
pho'ide,  C.  Mucrone,  Appe7idice  sous-sternale.  Pa- 
lette. The  name  of  the  appendix  which  termi- 
nates the  sternum  beneath  ;  and  which  is  so  called 
from  some  resemblance  to  a  sword. 

Xiphoid  Lig'ament,  Costo-oryphoid  L.  (F.) 
Ligament  xipho'idien  ou  costo-xipho'idien,  is  a 
small,  very  thin,  ligamentous  fasciculus,  which 
passes  from  the  cartilage  of  prolongation  of  the 
7th  rib  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  xiphoid  car- 
tilage, into  which  it  is  inserted  by  its  fibres  de- 
cussating with  those  of  the  opposite  ligament. 

XIPHOPA'GES,  Bid'ymus  Symphyo-epigas'. 
trius  ;  from  ^i<t>og,  'a  sword,'  and  -nriyvvpii,  'I  fix.' 
A  monstrosity,  in  which  twins  are  united  by  the 
epigastrium,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Siamese  twins. 


XYLO-ALOES 


988 


Y-WER-A 


XYLO-ALOES,  Agallochum  —  s.  Balsamum, 
see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  x.  Cassia,  Laurus 
cassia — x.  Cinnamomum,  Laurus  cinnamomum. 

XYLITM,  Gossipium. 

XYMPATHIA,  Sympathy. 

XYRIS,  Iris  foetidissima. 

Xyris  Bclbo'sa,  X.  la'dica  seu  Carolinia'na, 
Yellow-eyed  Grass  ;  indigenous  ;  Order,  Xyrida- 
cese;  flowering  from  July  to  September.  The 
roots  and  leaves  are  said  to  be  used  by  the  Hin- 


doos in  lepra,  and  chronic  cutaneous  diseases  in 
general. 

XYRUM,  ISTovacula. 

XYRUS,  Novacula. 

XYSMA,  Linteum,  Rasura,  Scobs. 

XYSMOS,  Rasura. 

XYSTER,  Raspatorium. 

XYSTOS,  Linteum. 

XYSTRUM,  Raspatorium— s.  Ophthalmicnm, 
Ophthalmoxyster. 


T. 


YAM.  This  esculent  root  is  principally  ob- 
tained from  three  species  of  Diosco'rea,  — ala'ta 
hulbi/'era,  and  sati'va.  They  grow  spontaneously 
in  both  the  Indies,  and  their  roots  are  eaten  pro- 
miscuously, as  the  potato  is  with  us.  Their  taste 
is  somewhat  like  that  of  the  potato. 

YAM  ROOT,  WILD,  Dioscorea  villosa. 

YARD,  Penis. 

YARROW,  COMMON,  Achillea  millefolium. 

YAUPOX,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

YAYA  SKIN,  Elephantiasis  Arabum. 

YAWXING,  from  Sax.  seonan,  Chasme,  Chas- 
mus,  Hia'tus,  Osce'do,  Oscita'tio,  Clonus  pandicu- 
la'tio  maxilla'rum,  Gaping,  (F.)  Batllement. 
Yawning  consists  of  a  deep  inspiration,  with  con- 
siderable separation  of  the  jaws,  executed  slowly 
and  in  an  involuntary  manner,  and  followed  by 
a  prolonged  and  more  or  less  sonorous  expiration. 
This  respiratory  movement  is  preceded  by  a  feel- 
ing of  oppression  in  the  epigastric  region,  and  in 
the  muscles  of  respiration  and  mastication. 
Yawning  has  been  conceived  to  be  owing  to  tor- 
por in  the  pulmonary  circulation  _:  the  causes  pro- 
ducing it  being  commonly  ennui,  fatigue,  sleepi- 
ness, monotonous  sounds,  hunger,  sympathy,  &c. 
Yawning  often  precedes  the  invasion  of  certain 
intermittents,  attacks  of  hysteria,  &c.,  and  it  may, 
by  its  frequency,  and  obstinacy,  become  a  true 
disease. 

YAW  ROOT,  Stillingia. 

YAWS,  Framboesia. 

YEAST,  Yest  —  y.  Plant,  Torula  cerevisise. 

YEBLE,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

YELK,  see  Ovum. 

YELLOW,  Flavus,  Lu'teus,  Xardlms,  from  past 
participle  of  Sax.  seaelan,  'to  burn.'  One  of  the 
seven  primitive  colours. 

Yellow  Ash-,  Cladrastis  tinctoria — y.  Berry, 
Podophyllum  montanum  —  y.  Fever,  see  Fever, 
yellow  —  y.  Fever,  mild,  see  Relapse  —  y.  Jack, 
Fever,  yellow. 

Yellow  Lig'amei^ts,  (F.)  Ligaments  jaunes, 
occupy  the  spaces  between  the  vertebral  plates, 
from  the  interval,  which  separates  the  second 
vertebra  from  the  third,  to  that  which  separates 
the  last  vertebra  from  the  sacrum.  They  are  so 
called  in  consequence  of  their  colour. 

Yellow  Paint,  Hydrastis  Canadensis — y. 
Root,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni  —  y.  R,oot,  parsley- 
leaved,  Xanthorrhiza  apiLfolia  —  y.  Root,  shrub, 
Xanthorrhiza  apiifolia. 


Yellow  Spring,  see  Ohio,  Mineral  waters  of. 

Yellow  Springs.  These  are  in  Chester  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania.  The  temperature  of  the  chief 
spring  is  63°  Fahr.  The  water  contains  no  im- 
pregnation. 

Yellow  Star,  Helenium  autumnale — y.  Weed, 
Ranunculus  acris — y.  Wood,  Xanthoxylum  fraxi- 
neum — y.  Wort,  Parsley-leaved,  Xanthorrhiza 
apiifolia. 

YELLOWS,  Cypripedium  luteum,  Icterus,  Ra- 
nunculus acris. 

YERBA  DEL  SOLD  AT)  A,  Matico  — y.  de 
Huaca,  Datura  sanguinea. 

YEST,  Yeast,  Sax.  ZByx:,  from  ffc,  'a  storm,' 
yXtlS,  'stormy;'  Cerevis'ice  Fermen'tum,  Spxima, 
Cerevis'icp.,  Barm,  (F.)  Levure,  Levure  de  la  Bih'e. 
The  scum  which  collects  on  the  surface  of  beer 
whilst  fermenting.  Yest  is  antiseptic  and  tonic. 
It  has  been  much  extolled  in  putrid  fevers,  —  a 
table-spoonful  being  given  as  a  dose,  in  porter, 
wine,  (fee.  It  is,  also,  applied  in  the  form  of  ca- 
taplasm, to  foul  ulcers.  In  all  these  cases,  it  acts 
by  virtue  of  the  generation  of  carbonic  acid  gas. 

YEUX  ARDENS,  Ardent  eyes  — y.  d'Ecre- 
visse,  Cancrorum  chelae. 

YEW  TREE,  Taxus  baecata  — y.  American, 
Taxus  Canadensis. 

YLECH,  Hech. 

YLIATER,  Ilech. 

YOKE,  Singultus. 

YOLK,  see  Ovum,  and  Vesicula  umbilicalis — y. 
Membrane,  see  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

YORK  SPRINGS.  These  are  in  Adams  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania.  One  of  them  is  a  saline,  con- 
taining sulphates  of  magnesia  and  lime,  and 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  is  a  mild  cathartic  and 
diuretic;  —  the  other  is  a  strong  chalybeate. 

YOUK,  Itching,  Psora. 

YOUTH,  Adolescence. 

YOPOX,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

YPSELOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 

YRIDES,  Orpiment. 

YSAM'BRA,  Pedigam'hra.  An  ancient  Spa- 
nish poison,  of  which  hellebore  formed  the  great- 
est part. 

YUCCA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

Yucca  Filamento'sa,  Bear's  grass,  Silh  grass  ; 
indigenous.  A  tincture  of  the  root  has  been 
used  in  gonorrhoea. 

YUKE,  Itching.  Psora. 

Y-WER-A,  see  Spirit. 


ZACCHARUM 


989 


ZINCl   CHLORIDUM 


z. 


ZACCHARUM,  Saccharum. 

ZAEL,  Borosail. 

ZAFFRAN,  Crocus. 

ZAFFRE,  Smalt. 

ZAMBO,  see  Mulatto. 

ZAMIA  INTEGRIFOLIA,  see  Arrowroot— z. 
Pumila,  see  Arrowroot. 

ZANNA.  A  kind  of  Armenian  bole,  used  by 
the  ancients  as  a  desiccative.  It  was  also  called 
Zarnacha. 

ZANTHORRHIZA  APIIFOLIA,  Xantbor- 
rhiza  apiifolia. 

ZANTHOXYLUM,  Xanthoxylum. 

ZAPANIA  NODIFLORA,  Anacoluppa. 

ZARNACHA,  Zanna. 

ZARSA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

ZARZAPARILLA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

ZEA  MAYS,  Z.  vulga're,  Ilays,  M.  zea  seu 
America'na,  Ador,  Indian  Corn,  Corn,  Turkey  or 
Indian  Wheat,  Maize,  Mayz,  (F.)  ilais,  Graine  de 
Turqtiie,  Ble  d'Inde  ou  d' Espagne  ou  d'ltalie  ou 
de  Tiirquie.  Ord.  GramineaB.  A  native  of  Ame- 
rica, and  much  used  over  the  whole  of  the  con- 
tinent as  an  article  of  diet.  It  is  ground  for  the 
same  purposes  as  wheat,  and  forms  an  excellent 
bread. 

^£a  or  ^£ia,  was  the  ancient  name  of  a  sort  of 
corn. 

ZEBOAIRE  BOND,  Ksempferia  rotunda. 

ZEDOARIA,  Kasmpferia  rotunda  —  z.  Longa, 
gee  Kaempferia  —  z.  Rotunda,  see  Kasmpferia. 

ZEDOARY,  Kaempferia  rotunda. 

ZELOSIS,  Zelotypia. 

ZELOTYP'IA,  from  ^tjloi,  'love,'  and  rurrot, 
'form,' '  model;'  Zelo'sis.  It  has  been  proposed 
to  apply  this  name  to  the  violent  mental  affection 
produced  by  the  acknowledged  or  presumed  infi- 
delity of  a  beloved  object;  and  to  the  conse- 
quences of  such  affection;  —  melancholy,  mania, 

ZEMA,  Decoction. 

ZEN'ICON,  i,^vtKov.  Ancient  name  of  a  Keltic 
poison,  used  for  poisoning  arrows. 

ZEOCRITON  DISTICHUM,  Hordeum  disti- 
ehon. 

ZEPHACH,  Peritonaeum. 

ZERMA,  Zerna. 

ZERNA,  Zerma.  Amongst  the  barbarous  La- 
tin writers  it  signified  ulcerated  impetigo,  Impe- 
ti'go  ulcera'ta. 

ZERUMBET,  Cassumuniar. 

ZESIS,  Effervescence,  Decoction. 

ZEST,  see  Citrus  medica. 

ZESTOLUSIA,  Bath,  hot. 

ZIBEB^,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

ZIBETHUM,  Civetta. 

ZIGNITES,  Zingrites. 

ZINC,  Zincum,  ZinJatm,  Speltrum,  Speauter, 
Tntenag,  Zinchum,  Zint,  Stannnm  In'dicnm.  Per- 
haps formed  etymologically  from  (G.)  Zin,  'Tin.' 
A  metal  obtained  from  calamine  and  blende.  Its 
colour  is  bluish-white;  lustre  of  the  fresh  surface 
considerable,  but  soon  dulled,  from  the  facility 
with  which  it  oxidates ;  hard  ;  texture  striated. 
S.  g.  7-190.  Melts  at  700°  Fab.,  burns  with  a 
bright  flame  in  a  higher  temperature,  and  is  vo- 


latilized in  the  form  of  a  white,  flocculent  oxyd. 
Its  use,  in  medicine,  is  in  the  formation  of  the 
following  preparations. 

ZINC,  ACETATE  DE,  Zinci  acetas— r.  But, 
ter  of,  Zinci  chloridum  —  z.  Chloride  of,  Zinci 
chloridum  —  z.  Chlorure  de,  Zinci  chloridum — z. 
Cyanure  de,  Zinci  cj'anuretum  —  z.  Ferrohydro- 
cyanate  of,  Zinci  cyanuretum  —  z.  Flowers  of, 
Zinci  osydum  —  z.  Hydrocyanate  of,  Zinci  cya- 
nuretum—  z.  Iodide  of,  Zinci  lodidum — z.  lodu- 
ret  of,  Zinci  lodidum. 

Zinc  and  Morph'ia,  Double  I'odide  of,  (F.) 
lodure  dotihle  de  Zinc  et  de  Morphine.  This  salt 
is  prepared  by  boiling  iodide  of  iodhydrate  of 
morphia  with  water  and  zinc,  after  they  have 
acted  on  each  other  for  some  days;  filtering  and 
crystallizing.  It  is  considered  to  combine  the 
properties  of  morphia  and  the  salts  of  zinc,  and 
has  been  prescribed  as  an  anodyne  and  antispas- 
modic.    Dose,  a  quarter  of  a  grain. 

ZINC,  OXIDE  DE,  Zinci  oxydum  — z.  Oxyd 
of,  Zinci  oxydum. 

Zinc  and  Strych'nia,  Double  I'odide  of. 
This  salt  is  prepared  by  digesting  for  several 
days  in  hot  water,  iodide  of  iodhydrate  of  strych- 
nia and  zinc  ;  filtering  and  crystallizing.  It  has 
been  proposed  in  the  same  cases  as  strychnia. 

ZINC,  SULFATE  DE,  Zinci  sulphas— z.  Sul- 
phate of,  Zinci  sulphas  —  z.  Valerianate  of,  Zinci 
Valerianas. 

ZINCHUM,  Zincum. 

ZINCI  ACE'TAS,  Ac"etaie  of  Zinc,  (F.)  Ace- 
tate  de  Zinc.  {Phimbi  acet.  Ibj,  zinc,  granul. 
^ix,  aqum  destillat.  Oiij.  Dissolve  the  acetate 
of  lead  in  the  water,  and  filter.  Add  the  zinc  to 
the  solution,  and  agitate  them  occasionally  to- 
gether, in  a  stopped  bottle,  for  five  or  six  hours, 
or  until  the  liquor  yields  no  precipitate  with  a 
solution  of  iodide  of  potassium.  Filter  the  liquor, 
evaporate  it  with  a  moderate  heat  to  one-fifth, 
and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Pour  off  the 
liquid,  and  dry  the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper. 

Should  the  crystals  be  coloured,  dissolve  them 
in  distilled  water,  and  having  heated  the  solu- 
tion, drop  into  it,  while  hot,  a  filtered  solution  of 
chlorinated  lime,  until  it  ceases  to  let  fall  sesqui- 
oxide  of  iron ;  filter  the  liquor,  acidulate  it  with 
a  few  drops  of  acetic  acid,  evaporate,  and  crys- 
tallize.—/'/i.  U.  S.) 

Frequently  used  to  form  a  gently  astringent 
wash  in  ophthalmia  and  other  local  inflamma- 
tions; and  as  an  injection  in  gonorrhoea. 

Zinci  Carbonas  Impurus,  Calamina. 

Zinci  Car'bonas  Pr^cipita'tus,  Precip'itated 
carbonate  of  Zinc.  (Zinci  sulphat.,  sodce  carbonat. 
aa  K)j  ;  aq.  bullient.  cong.  Dissolve  the  iiulphate 
of  zinc  and  carbonate  of  soda  respectively  in  Oiv 
of  water.  Mix  the  solutions;  stir,  aiid  set  the 
mixture  by,  that  the  powder  may  subside.  Having 
poured  off  the  liquid,  wash  the  precipitated  car- 
bonate of  zinc  with  hot  water,  until  the  fluid  of 
the  washings  is  nearly  tasteless,  and  dry  with  a 
gentle  heat.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  to  prepare  the 
Zinci  oxidum. 

Zinci  Carbonas  Pr^paratus,  Calamina  prse- 
parata  —  z.  Chloridi  liquor,  see  Burnett's  Disin- 
fecting Liquid. 

Zinci  Chlo'ridum,  Z.  chlorure' turn,  Zincum 
chlora'tum  seu  muriat'icitm  {oxydatum),  Chloride 


ZINCI  CHLO.IURETUM 


990 


ZOIATRIA 


or  Chloruret  of  Zinc,  (R)  CJdarure  cle  Zinc. 
{Zinc,  in  frustulis,  ^ijss;  acid,  nitric,  creta 
prceparat.  aa  ^j ;  acid,  muriat.  q.  s.  To  the 
zinc,  in  the  porcelain  vessel,  add  gradually  suffi- 
cient muriatic  acid  to  dissolve  it;  strain,  add  the 
nitric  acid,  and  evaporate  to  drj'ness.  Dissolve 
the  dry  mass  in  water,  add  the  chalk,  allow  the 
mixture  to  stand  for  24  hours,  filter,  and  again 
evaporate  to  dryness.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  very 
deliquescent  in  the  air,  forming  the  Butter  of 
Zinc,  Bnty'rum  Zinci. 

Chloride  of  Zinc  is  a  powerful  escharotic,  and 
has  been  lately  employed  as  an  effective  anti- 
septic. 

Zinci  Chloruretum,  Z.  chloridum. 

ZtNci  Cyanurb'tum,  Z.  cyan'idum  seu  Hydro- 
cii'anas  seu  Prus'sias,  Zincum  Cyanogen  a' turn 
seu  Boras'sicum  seu  Zoot'icum,  Hydrocy'anate  of 
Zinc,  (F.)  Gyanure  de  Zinc.  This  salt  is  formed 
by  adding  sulphate  of  zinc  to  hydrocyanate  of 
potassa  so  long  as  any  precipitate  is  thrown  down. 
When  dried  and  calcined  at  a  low  heat,  the  pro- 
duct is  a  mixture  of  cyanuret  of  zinc  and  of  po- 
tassium. It  has  been  recommended  in  nervous 
cardialgia.  Dose,  from  one-sixteenth  to  one- 
twelfth  of  a  grain. 

It  is  chiefly  used  as  a  caustic,-  one  part  of  the 
chloride  being  mixed  with  four,  three,  or  two 
parts  of  flour,  according  to  the  desired  strength, 
and  a  few  drops  of  water  being  added  to  form  a 
paste. 

ZlNCI  Ferrohydrocy'anas,  Zinci  ferroeya- 
vure'tum,  Cyannre'tum  Ferrozin'cicum,  Zincnm 
Ferroliydrocyan'icxim,  Ferrohydrocyanate  of  Zinc. 
Made  by  the  mutual  decomposition  of  boiling-hot 
solutions  of  sulphate  of  zinc  and  ferrocyanate  of 
potassa.  It  has  been  recommended  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  last  preparation. 

Zinci  Hydrocyanas,  Zinci  cyanuretum. 

Zinci  Iod'idum,  Z.  lodure'tum,  Zincum  Joda'- 
tum,  lode'tum  Zinci  seu  Zin'cicum.  Protoiodure'- 
tinn  Zinci,  J'odide  or  lod'uret  of  Zinc,  (F.)  lodnre 
de  Zinc.  This  salt  is  made  by  boiling  together 
iodine  and  zinc  to  dryness,  and  subliming.  An 
ointment,  composed  of  a  drachrn  to  an  ounce  of 
lard,  has  been  used  in  cases  where  the  external 
use  of  iodide  of'potassium  is  indicated. 

Zinci  Ioduretum,  Z.  iodidum  —  z.  Nix,  Zinci 
oxydum. 

Zinci  Ox'ydum,  Zincum  ccdcina'tnm,  Nihil 
Album,  Lana  Philosoplio'rum  seu  Philosoph'ica, 
Nix  Zinci,  Nihil  Gris'eum,  Pom'pholyx,  Oxyd  of 
Zinc,  Flowers  of  Zinc,  (F.)  0.i:ide  ou  Blanc  de 
Zinc.  (Procured  by  burning  zinc  in  along,  deep 
crucible,  placed  so  as  to  collect  the  sublimate. 
Also,  by  exposing  the  precipitate  thrown  down 
from  a  solution  of  sulphate  of  zinc  by  carbonate 
of  ammonia  to  a  strong  heat,  so  as  to  drive  off 
the  carbonic  acid.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  tonic  and 
antispasmodic ;  externally,  detergent  and  desic- 
cative.  Employed  in  epilepsy,  chorea,  &c.  For 
Us  external  use,  see  Ung.  Zinci. 

Zinci  Oxydum  Impurttm,  Tutia  —  z.  Prussias, 
Zinci  cyanuretum. 

^iNCi  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Zinc,  Zincum  Vit- 
riola'tum,  Vitrio'lum  Album  seu  Goslarien'se  seu 
Zinci,  Sulphas  Zin'cicum,  Gilla  Vitrioli  seu  The- 
ophras'ti,  Sal  Vitrioli  seu  Vomito'rium  Vitrioli, 
(Jhalcan'thum  Album,  White  Vitriol,  White  Cop- 
peras, (F.)  Sulfate  de  Zinc.  {Zinc,  in  frustul. 
^iv;  acid,  sidphuric.  gvj  ;  aqucB  destillat.  Oiv. 
To  the  zinc  and  water,  previously  introduced  into 
a  glass  vessel,  add  by  degrees  the  sulphuric  acid, 
and,  when  the  effervescence  shall  have  ceased, 
filter  the  solution  through  paper;  then  boil  it 
down  till  a  pellicle  begins  to  form,  and  set  aside 
to  crystallize. — Ph.  U.  S.)  The  sulphate  of  zinc 
is  inodorous ;  taste,  styptic.    It  is  in  white,  semi- 


transparent,  efaorescent  crystals;  soluble  in  three 
parts  of  water  at  60°.  It  is  emetic,  tonic,  anti- 
spasmodic, and,  externally,  astringent.  A  nos- 
trum, sold  under  the  name  Antipertus'sis,  and,  as 
its  title  imports,  given  in  hooping-cough,  eon- 
tains  this  salt  as  its  chief  ingredient.  It  is  emetic. 
Dose,  as  an  emetic,  gr.  x  to  ^s-s;  as  a  tonic,  gr.  j 
to  ij.  Used  externally  as  a  eollyrium,  gr.  j.  to 
water  f^j. 

Zinci  Valeria'nas,  Zincum  valerian' icum,  Va- 
le'rianate  of  Zinc.  A  salt  formed  by  saturating 
valerianic  acid  with  freshly  prepared  carbonate 
of  zinc.  It  is  in  pure  white,  pearly  scales,  and 
has  been  recommended  as  a  tonic  in  neuralgic 
diseases,  epilepsy,  &g.  The  dose  is  one  or  two 
grains  several  times  a  day.  It  is  officinal  in  the 
Dublin  Pharmacopceia. 

ZINCUM,  Zinc  —  z.  Borussicura,  Zinci  cyanu- 
retum—z.  Calcinatum,  Zinci  oxydum — z.  Chlora- 
tum,  Zinci  chloridum  —  z.  Cyanogenatum,  Zinci 
cyanuretum  —  z.  Ferrohydrocyanicum,  Zinci  fer- 
rohydroc}'anas  —  z.  lodatum,  Zinci  iodidum  —  z. 
Muriatieum,  Zinci  chloridum  —  z.  Valerianicum, 
Zinci  valerianas — z.  Vitriolatum,  Zinci  sulphas — 
z.  Zooticum,  Zinci  cyanuretum. 

ZINGIBER,  Amomum  zingiber — z.  Cassumu- 
niar,  see  Cassumuniar  —  z.  Cliffordia,  see  Cassu- 
muniar — z.  Germanicum,  Arum  maculatum  —  z. 
Officinale,  Amomum  zingiber — z.  Purpureum,  see 
Cassumuniar  —  z.  Spurium,  see  Cassumuniar — z. 
Zerumbet,  see  Cassumuniar. 

ZINGIBERIN,  Piperoid. 

ZINGRI'TES,  Zicjni'tes.  A  stone,  resembling 
glass;  to  which  the  ancients  attributed  marvel- 
lous properties. 

ZINKUM,  Zincum. 

ZINT,  Zincum. 

ZINZIBER,  Amomum  zingiber. 

ZIPHAC,  PeritonsBum. 

ZIRBUS,  Epiploon  —  z.  Adipinus,  Epiploon, 
gastro-colic. 

ZIZA'NIA  AQUAT'ICA,  Wild  Rice;  Ord. 
Gramine* ;  called  by  the  Indians,  Alenomenc, 
grows  abundantly  on  the  marshy  margins  of  the 
northern  lakes  and  waters  of  the  upper  branches 
of  the  Mississippi.  The  grain  resembles  oats. 
It  furnishes  the  northern  savages  and  the  Cana- 
dian traders  and  hunters  with  their  annual  sup- 
plies of  grain.  Zi^ai/tov  was  the  ancient  name  of 
^ome  wild  grain. 

ZIZYPHUM,  Jujube. 

ZIZYPHUS  JUJUBA,  see  Jujube— z.  Nitida, 
see  Jujube. 

ZizYPHUS  ffiNOP'LiA,  .^.  Na2}eca;  Ord.  Rham- 
naceae ;  common  all  over  India.  The  fruit  is 
eaten  by  the  natives.  It  is  of  a  pleasant  acid 
taste.  A  decoction  of  the  bark  of  the  fresh  root 
is  used  to  promote  the  healing  of  fresh  wounds. 

ZizYPHUs  Sativa,  see  Jujube  —  z.  Sylvestris, 
see  Jujube. 

ZOA'GRIA,  from  ^u)?,  'life,'  and  aypsoi,  '1 
catch  up.'  The  saving  and  preservation  of  life. 
Zoosis.  A  reward  for  preserving  life;  Sostrnm. 
A  votive  offering  hung  up  in  the  temples  for  a  life 
saved. 

ZOANTHRO'PIA,  Melanchol'ia  zo'dnthro'pia, 
from  i,{jiov,  'an  animal,'  and  uv^j)untog,  'a  man.' 
A  species  of  monomania,  in  which  the  patient 
believes  himself  transformed  into  an  animal. 
Lycanthropia  and  Cynanthropia  belong  to  this 
species  of  monomania. 

ZOARA,  Insomnia. 

ZOE,  Life. 

ZOGRAPHIA,  Zoographia. 

ZOIATRIA,  Veterinary  art. 


ZOIATRUS 


991 


ZTGOMATiqUE 


ZOIATRUS,  Hippiater. 

ZOMIDIUM,  Jus. 

ZOMOS,  ConsommS,  Jus. 

ZONA,  Herpes  zoster  —  z.  Castitatis,  Hymen 
—  z.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  zone  —  z.  Ignea,  Herpes 
zoster. 

Zona  Pellu'cida,  Oolem'ma  pellu' cidum,  Vit'- 
ellary  membrane,  Chorion  (of  some),  (F.)  Vitel- 
line, Membrane  vitelline.  The  membrane  that 
surrounds  the  yolk  in  the  mammalia  is  so  called 
on  account  of  its  thickness  and  peculiar  trans- 
parency. 

Zona  Serpiginosa,  Herpes  zoster. 

Zona  Tendino'sa.  The  whitish  circle  around 
the  auriculo-ventricular  orifice  of  the  right  side 
of  the  heart. 

Zona  Virginitatis,  Hymen. 

ZONE,  Cingulum. 

ZONULA  CILIARIS,  see  Ciliary,  and  Ciliary 
zone  —  z.  Cochleee,  see  Lamina  spiralis  —  z.  Hil- 
dani,  Cingulum  Hildani  —  z.  Zinnii,  see  Ciliary 
zone. 

ZOOBIOLOGIA,  see  Physiology. 

ZOOCHEMIA,  Chymistry,  animal. 

ZOOCHEM'ICAL,  Zooeht/m'ical,  Zobchem'icus, 
Zoochijm'icus.  Appertaining  or  having  relation 
to  animal  chymistry. 

ZOOCHEMY,  Chymistry,  animal. 

ZOOCHYMY,  Chymistry,  animal. 

ZOOGENIUM,  Azote. 

7i00G"^NY,  Zo'dffen'ia,  Zo'dffen'esis,  from  ^asov, 
'animal,' and  yti'Etrjs,  'generation.'  The  doctrine 
of  animal  formation. 

ZOOG'RAPHY,  Zo'dffra'pJiia,  Zogra'phia,  from 
^wov,  and  ypaiprj,  '  a  description.'  A  dcseription 
of  animals.     The  natural  history  of  animali., 

ZOOHEMATINE,  Hsematine. 

ZOOHY'LAS,  from  ^otov,  and  'uX??,  'matter.' 
Animal  matter. 

ZOOHY'LICA  CONCREMEN'TA.  Concre- 
tions formed  of  animal  matter. 

Z  001 A  SIS,  Veterinary  art. 

ZO'OID,  Zooi'des,  Zoo'des;  from  ^uiov,  'ani- 
mal,' and  £(i5oj,  'resemblance.'  Resembling  or 
belonging  to  an  animal.  Every  living  cell  may 
be  regarded  as  a  Zooid. 

ZOOL'OG-IST,  Zodlogis'ta,  Zool'ogus,  from 
^Mov,  and  Aoyoj,  '  description.'  One  skilled  in  the 
natural  history  of  animals. 

ZOOL'OGY,  Zoolog"ia.  Same  etymon.  The 
natural  history  of  animal?. 

ZOOMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism,  animal. 

ZOOMYCUS,  Mucus. 

ZOOMYXA,  Mucus. 

ZOON,  AnimaL 

ZOONOM'IA,  Organozoonom'  ia,Zodn'  amy ,  from 
^uov,  and  vofiog,  'law.'  The  laws  which  govern 
the  organic  actions  of  animals  in  general: — Ani- 
mal Physiol'ogy,  Zoophysiolog"ia. 

ZOONOSOLOG"IA,  from  ^iaov,  voaog,  'a  dis- 
ease,' and  \oyog,  'a  description.'  The  nosology 
of  animals. 

ZOOPATHOLOG"IA,  from  ^uov,  rradoi,  'a  dis- 
ease,' and  Xoyoi,  'a  description.'  The  pathology 
of  animals. 

ZOOPH'AGOUS,  Zodph'agus,  (P.)  Zobphage, 
from  ^ii)ov,  and  (payto,  '  I  eat.'  Feeding  on  ani- 
mals.    Carnivorous. 

ZOOPHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia. 

ZOOPHYSIOLOGIA,  Physiology,  animal,  Zo- 
onomia. 

ZO'OPHYTE,  Zooph'ytum,  Phytozo'bn,  Animal 
plant,  from  ^uiov,  and  (pvrov,  '  a  plant."    A  name 


given  to  the  lowest  class  of  animals,  which  seem  to 
form  the  transition  between  the  animal  and  the 
vegetable  kingdoms. 

ZOOSIS,  Animation,  Zoagria. 

ZOOSPERMATA,  Spermatozoa. 

Z0OSPER3IES,  Spermatozoa. 

ZOOTHAP'SIS,  from  ^m,  'life,'  and  euirru,  'I 
inter.'     Burial  alive.     Premature  interment. 

ZOOT'OMIST,  Zootom'icus.  Same  etymon  as 
the  next.     One  who  dissects  animals. 

ZOOT'OMY,  Zootom'ia,  from  ^mov,  and  re/ivw- 
'  J.  cut.'  Anatom'ia  anima'lis  seu  comyja^ati'na 
seu  eompara'ta,  Theriot'omy,  Compel^-' acive  Ana- 
tomy. The  anatomy  of  animals.  Animal  ana- 
tomy. 

ZOPISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

ZOPYRON,  Fomites. 

ZOSTER,  Herpes  zoster. 

ZOSTER  A  MARINA,  Pila  marina  — z.  Mari- 
tima,  Pila  marina. 

ZOSTERE,  Pila  marina. 

ZOUZINETTE,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 

ZOZAR,  Saccharum. 

ZUCARO,  Saccharum. 

ZUCCARUM,  Saccharum. 

ZUCHAR,  Saccharum. 

ZUCHARUM,  Saccharum. 

ZUCHRA,  Saccharum. 

ZULAPIUM,  Julep. 

ZYGAPOPHYSES,  .see  Vertebrse. 

ZYGOMA,  MalEe  os. 

ZYGOMAT'IC,  Zygomat'icns,  Juga'Ug,  Jugal, 
(F.)  Zygomatique.  That  which  relates  to  the 
zygorra  or  cheek-bone. 

fzooMATic  Arch,  see  Zygomatic  process  —  z. 
Bone,  Malse  os. 

Zygomatic  Fossa  is  the  space  included  between 
the  posterior  margin  of  the  outer  ala  of  the  pte- 
rygoid process,  and  the  crista  which  descends 
from  the  malar  tuberosity  to  the  superior  alveolar 
margin. 

ZYGOJfATic  Mdscles  are  two  in  number.  1. 
Zygomat'icns  major,  Distort'or  Oris,  (F.)  Zygo- 
mato-labial  (Ch.),  Jifuscle  grand  zygomatique, 
which  is  situate  obliquely  at  the  fore-part  and 
sides  of  the  face.  It  is  a  small,  rounded  muscle; 
arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the  os  malaa,  and 
is  inserted  at  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  which  it 
raises  and  draws  outwards.  It  acts  principally 
in  laughing.  2.  Zygomat'icns  minor,  (F.)  Petit 
Zygomato-labial,  (Ch  ^j  Petit  Zygomatiqne,  does 
not  always  exist.  It  is  situate  on  the  inner  side 
of  the  last;  arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the 
OS  malag,  and  is  inserted  at  the  corner  of  the 
mouth,  or  rather  into  the  upper  lip,  which  it  raises 
and  draws  outwards. 

Zygomatic  Process,  Proces'sus  zygomat'icns, 
Apoph'ysis  Zygomat'ica,  Malar  or  Jngnl  process, 
(F.)  Apophyse  Zygomatiqne,  arises  from  the  outer 
surface  of  the  temporal  bone  by  two  roots,  one  of 
which  is  transverse,  {Condyle  du  temporal,  Ch.,) 
and  the  other  longitudinal :  between  them  is  the 
glenoid  cavity.  The  process  passes  forwards, 
and  is  articulated  with  the  posterior  angle  of  the 
OS  malae,  with  which  it  forms  a  bony  bridge, 
called  the  Zygomat'ic  arch,  Arcus  seu  Pons  zyqo- 
mat'icns,  (F.)  Arcade  Zi/gomatiqne.  The  cavity, 
beneath  this  bridge,  is  sometimes  called  Zygo'ma. 

Zygomatic  Suture  is  placed  between  the  zy- 
gomatic parts  of  the  temporal  and  cheek  bones; 
and  slants  obliquely  downwards  and  backwards. 

ZTGOMATIQUE,  Zygomatic— «.  Grand, 
Zygomaticus  major  —  z.  Petit,  Zygomatious 
minor. 


ZTOOMATO-LABIAL 


992 


ZYTHUS 


ZYG03IAT0-LABIAL,  Zygomaticus  major 
— z.  Labial,  petit,  Zygomaticus  major— z.  Ifaxil- 
laire,  Masseter— z.  Oriculaire,  Anterior  auris. 

ZYGOPHYL'LUM  FABA'GO,  (F.)  Fabagelle. 
Ord.  Zygophyllacese.  A  Syrian  and  Mauritanic 
plant,  possessed  of  an  acrid  and  bitter  taste.  It 
has  vermifuge  properties.  The  Arabs  believe 
that  the  recently  expressed  juice  of  Zygophyllum 
simplex,  is  capable  of  removing  specks  from  the 
cornea. 

ZYMA,  Ferment. 

ZYMOMA,  Ferment 


ZYMOSIS,  Fermentation,  see  Zymotic. 

ZYMOT'IC,  Zymot'icna,  (F.)  Zymotique,  from 
^u/xou),  '  to  ferment.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
fermentation.  A  zymotic  disease  is  any  epidemic, 
endemic,  contagious  or  sporadic  affection,  which 
is  produced  by  some  morbific  principle  acting  on 
the  organism  similar  to  a  ferment — as  the  major 
exanthemata,  pyohsemia,  &c.  Zymoses  has  been 
used  by  some  to  signify  such  affections. 

ZYTHOGALA,  Posset. 

ZYTHUM,  Cerevisia. 

ZYTHUS,  Cerevisia. 


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ALLEN    (J.    MJ,    M.  D., 

ProfesBor  of  Aaatomy  ia  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  Colfege,  &c. 

THE  PRACTICAL  ANATOMIST;  or,  The  Student's  Guide  iu  the  Dissecting. 

ROOM.     With  266  illustrations.    In  one  handsome  royal  12mo.  volume,  of  over  600  pages,  lee- 

ther.     $2  25. 

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c«f,  Dec.  1656. 

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upon  the  subject  ever  written.  It  is  handsomely 
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venient size  for  use  in  the  dissecting-room. — Med. 
Exatniiier,  Dec.  1858. 


From  Prof.  J.  S.  Davis,  University  of  Va. 

I  am  not  acquainted  v/ith  any  work  that  attains  so 
fully  the  object  which  it  proposes. 

From  C.   P.  Fanner,  M.  B .,  Demonstrator,   Uni- 
rsersity  of  Michigan. 

I  have  examined  th^e  work  briefly,  but  even  this 
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tiful, and  more  than  I  have  seen  in  a  woik  of  this 
kind.  I  shall  take  great  pleasure  in  recommending 
it  to  my  classes  as  ike  text-book  of  the  dissecting- 
r^jom. 


ANALYTICAL    COMPENDIUM 

OF  MEDICAL  SCIENCE,  containing  Anatomy,  Physiology,  Surgery,  Midwifery, 

Chemistry,  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics,  and  Practice  of  Medicine.  By  John  Neill,  M.  D.. 
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1060  pages,  with  374  illustrations.    $3  00.    ^^  See  Neill,  p.  24. 


ABEL   (F.    AJ,    F.  C.  S.    AND    C.    L.    BLOXAM. 
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pages,  with  illustratiofls.    $-3  25. 


ASHWELL    (SAMUEL),    M.D., 
Obstetric  Physician  and  Lecturer  to  Guy's  Hospital,  London. 

A  PPtACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  PECULIAR  TO  WOMEN. 

Illustrated  by  Cases  derived  from  Hospital  and  Private  Practice.  Third  American,  from  the  Third 
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The  most  useful  practical  work  on  the  subject  in 
the  English  lajiguage.  —  Betlon  Med.  and  iiv,rg. 
Jouraai. 


The  most  able,  and  certainly  the  most  standard 
and  practical,  work  on  female  diseases  that  we  have 
yet  seen. — Medico-Chirtirgical  Review. 


ARNOTT    (NEILL),  M.  D. 
ELEMENTS    OF    PHYSICS;    or  Natural  Philosophy,  General  and  Medical. 

Written  for  universal  use,  in  plain  or  non-technical  language.  A  new  edition,  by  Isaac  Hays 
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tions.    $2  50. 

BUDD  (GEORGE),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Medicine  in  King's  College,  London. 

ON   DISEASES   OF   THE   LIVER.      Third   American,  from    the   third   and 

enlarged  London  edition.     In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  with  four  beauti- 
fully colored  plates,  and  numerous  wood-cuts.     pp.  500.     $3  00.     (Just  Issiied.) 
Has  fairly  established  for  itself  a  place  among  the  i  is  not  perceptibly  changed,  the  history  of  liver  dis- 
elassical  medical   literature   of  England. — British     eases  is  made  more  complete,  and  is  kept  upon  a  level 
artd  Foreign  Medico-C'hir.  Review,  July,  165V.  :  with  the  progress  of  modern  science.     It  is  the  best 

Dr.  Budd's  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Liver  is     work  on  Diseases  of  the  Liver  in  any  language.— 
now  a  standard  work  in  Medical  literature,  and  dur-     London  Med.  Times  and  Gazette,  Jane  27,  1S57. 
ing  the  intervals  which  have  elapsed  between  the  '      This  work,  now  the  standard  book  of  reference  on 
successive  editions,  the  author  has  incorporated  into     the  diseases  of  which  it  treats,  has  been  carefuDv 
the  text  the  most  striking  novelties  which  have  cha-     revised,  and  many  new  illustrations  of  the  views  of 

racterized  the  recentprogress  of  hepatic  physiology     the  learned  author  added  in  the  present  edition 

and  pathology ;  so  thatalthough  the  size  of  the  book  \  Dublin  Quarterly  Journal,  Aug.  1&57. 

BY  THE  SAME  AtTTHOR. 

ON  THE   ORGANIC  DISEASES   AND  FUxVCTIONAL  DISORDERS  OF 

THE  STOMACH.     In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.     $1  50. 

From  the  high  position  occupied  by  Dr.  Budd  as  style,  the  subjects  are  well  arranged,  and  the  practi- 
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Bultedwithgreatadvantage.  It  is  written  in  an  easy    sic.inn.— London  Med.  Ti?nes  and  Gazette. 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL 


BUCKNILL  (J.  C),   M.  D., 

Medical  Superintendent  of  the  Devon  County  Lunatic  Asylum ;  and 
DANIEL   H.   TUKE,    M.D., 

Visiting  Medical  OfBcer  to  the  York  Retreat. 

A  MANUAL  OF   PSYCHOLOGICAL   MEDICINE;   containing  the  History, 

Nosology,  Description,  Statistics,  Diag-nosis,  Pathology,  and  Treatment  of  INSANITY.  With 
a  Plate.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  536  pages.  $3  00.  {Now  Ready,  July,  1858.) 
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modern  in  its  views  and  explicit  in  its  teaching  to  suffice  for  the  demands  of  the  practitioner." 


BENNETT   (J.    HUGHES),    M.D.,    F.  R.  S.  E., 

Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  &c. 

THE  PATHOLOGY  AND  TREATMENT  OP  PULMONARY  TUBERCU- 
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BENNETT   (HENRY),  M.  D. 
A  PRACTICAL   TREATISE    ON  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  UTERUS, 

ITS  CERVIX  AND  APPENDAGES,  and  on  its  connection  with  Uterine  Disease.     New  and 
much  enlarged  edition,  preparing  by  the  author  for  publication  in  1859. 

of  the  day  ;  and  even  now  we  have  reason  to  know 
that  the  bulk  of  the  profession  are  not  fully  alive  to 


We  are  firmly  of  opinion  that  in  proportion  as  a 
knowledge  of  uterine  diseases  becomes  more  appre- 
ciated, this  work  will  be  proportionably  established 
as  a  text- book  in  the  profession. — The  Lancet. 

When,  a  few  years  back,  the  first  edition  of  the 
present  work  was  published,  the  subject  was  one  al- 
most entirely  unknown  to  the  obstetrical  celebrities 


the  importance  and  frequency  of  the  disease  of  which 
it  takes  cognizance.  The  present  edition  is  so  much 
enlarged,  altered,  and  improved,  that  it  can  scarcely 
be  considered  the  same  work. — Dr.  Ranking' s  Ab- 
stract. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

A  REVIEW  OF  THE  PRESENT  STATE  OF  UTERINE  PATHOLOGY. 

Svo.,  75  pages,  flexible  cloth,  50  cents. 


BIRD  (GOLDING),  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  &.C. 
URINARY     DEPOSITS  :     THEIR     DIAGNOSIS,    PATHOLOGY,    AND 

THERAPEUTICAL  INDICATIONS.  A  new  and  enlarged  American,  from  a  late  improved 
London  edition.  Withover  sixty  illustrations.  In  one  royal  12mo.  vol,  extra  cloth,  pp.372.  $130. 
It  can  scarcely  be  necessary  for  us  to  say  anything  ,  extension  and  satisfactory  employment  of  our  thera- 
of  the  merits  of  this  well-known  Treatise,  which  so  peutic  resources.  In  the  preparation  of  this  new 
admirably  brings  into  practical  application  the  re-  edition  of  his  work,  it  is  obvious  that  Dr.  Golding 
suits  of  those  microscopical  and  chemical  researches  Bird  has  spared  no  pains  to  render  it  a  faithful  repre- 
regardiug  the  physiology  and  pathology  of  the  uri-  sentation  of  the  present  state  of  scientific  knowledge 
nary  secretion,  which  have  contributed  so  much  to  on  the  subject  it  embraces. —  The  British  and  Foreign 
the  increase  of  our  diagnostic  powers,  and  to  the  I  Medico-Chirurgical  Review. 


BOWMAN  (JOHN    E.),  M.D. 
PRACTICAL   HANDBOOK   OF   MEDICAL   CHEMISTRY.     Second  Ame- 

riean,  from  the  third  and  revised  English  Edition.     In  one  neat  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth, 
with  numerous  illustrations,    pp.  288.     $1  25. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

INTRODUCTION    TO    PRACTICAL    CHEMISTRY,    INCLUDING   ANA- 

LYSIS.    Second  American,  from  the  second  and  revised  London  edition.     With  numerous  illus- 
trations.   In  one  neat  vol.,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,    pp.  350.    $1  25. 


BEALE  ON  THE  LAWS  OF  HEALTH  IN  RE- 
LATION TO  MIND  AND  BODY.  A  Series  of 
Letters  from  an  old  Practitioner  to  a  Patient.  In 
one  volume,  royal  r2mo.,  extra  cloth,  pp.  296. 
80  cents. 

BUSHNAN'S  PHYSIOLOGY  OF  ANIMAL  AND 
VEGETABLE  LIFE;  a  Popular  Treatise  on  the 
Functions  and  Phenomena  of  Organic  Life.  In 
one  handsome  royal  I'2mo.  volume,  extra  cloth, 
with  over  100  illustrations,    pp.234.     80  cents 


BUCKLER  ON  THE  ETIOLOGY,  PATHOLOGY, 
AND  TREATMENT  OF  FIBRO-BRONCHI- 
TIS  AND  RHEUMATIC  PNEUMONIA.  In 
one  Svo.  volume,  extra  cloth,     pp.  150.     $1  25. 

BLOOD  AND  URINE  (MANUALS  ON).  BY 
JOHN  WILLIAM  GRIFFITH,  G.  OWEN 
REESE,  AND  ALFRED  MARKWICK.  One 
thick  volume,  royal  r2mo.,  extra  cloth,  with 
plates,     pp.  460.     fl  25. 

BRODIE'S  CLINICAL  LECTURES  ON  SUR- 
GERY.    1vol.  Svo.   cloth.    350  pp.     $125. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


BARCLAY  (A.  W.)    M.D., 

Assistant  Physician  to  St.  George's  Hospital,  &c. 

A  MANUAL  OF  MEDICAL  DIAGNOSIS  j   being  an  Analysis  of  the  Signs 

and  Symptoms  of  Disease.     Iq  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  424  pages.    $2  00.    (Anew 
toork^  now  ready .) 


Of  works  exclusively  devoted  to  this  important 
branch,  our  profession  has  at  command,  compara- 
tively, but  few,  and,  therefore,  in  the  publication  of 
the  present  work,  Messrs.  Blanchard  &  Lea  have 
conferred  a  great  favor  upon  us.  Dr.  Barclay,  from 
having  occupied,  for  a  long  period,  the  position  of 
Medical  Registrar  at  St.  George's  Hospital,  pos- 
sessed advantages  for  correct  observation  and  reli- 
able conclusions,  as  to  the  significance  of  symptoms, 
which  have  fallen  to  the  lot  of  but  few,  either  in 

his  own  or  any  other  country.    He  has  carefully     _     _^ ^ 

systematized  the  results  of  his  observation  of  over  |  tioner.— iV.  A.  Med.  Journal,  April,"  1858. 
twelve  thousand  patients,  and  by  his  diligence  and 
judicious  classification,  the  profession  has  been 
presented  with  the  most  convenient  and  reliable 
w^ork  on  the  subject  of  Diasfnosis  that  it  has  been 
our  good  fortune  ever  to  examine;  we  can,  there- 
fore, say  of  Dr.  Barclay's  work,  that,  from  his  sys- 


deficiency,  is  the  object  of  Dr.  Barclay's  Manual. 
The  task  of  composing  such  a  work  is  neither  an 
easy  nor  a  light  one  ;  but  Dr.  Barclay  has  performed 
it  in  a  manner  which  meets  our  most  unqualified 
approbation.  He  is  no  mere  theorist;  he  knows  his 
work  thoroughly,  and  in  attempting  to  perform  it, 
has  not  exceeded  his  powers. — British  Med.  Journal , 
Dec.  5,  1857. 

We  venture  to  predict  that  the  work  wil!  be  de- 
servedly popular,  and  soon  become,  like  Watson's 
Practice,  an  indispensable  necessity  to  the  practi- 


An  inestimable  work  of  reference  for  the  young 
practitioner  and  student. — Nashville  Med.  Journal, 
May,  1858. 

We  hope  the  volume  will  have  an  extensive  cir- 
culation, not  among  students  of  medicine  only,  but 


tematic  manner  of  arrangement,  his  work  is  one  of  ■  practitioners  also.  They  will  never  regret  a  faith- 
the  best  works  "  for  reference"  in  the  daily  emer-  j  ful  study  of  its  pages.— Ci)iciwnaJiLa«cc«,  Mar. '58. 
gencies  of  the  practitioner,  with  which  we  are  ac-  y/its  Manioal  of  Medical  Diagnosis  is  one  of  the 
quainted;  but,  at  the  same  time,  we  would  recom-  I  ^^g^  scientific,  useful,  and  instructive  works  of  its 
mend  our  readers,  especially  the  younger  ones,  to  ,  j^j^^j  ^]^^^  ^g  j^ave  ever  read,  and  Dr.  Barclay  has 
read  thoroughly  and  study  diligently  thewAoZe  work,  j  done  good  service  to  medical  science  in  collecting, 
and  the  '•emergencies"  will  not  occur  so  often.—  |  arranging,  and  analyzing  the  signs  and  symptoms 
Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journ.,  March,  185S.  |  ^f  g,,  ^j^^y  diseases.  —iV.  /.  Med.  and  Surg.  Re- 

To  give  this  information,  to  supply  this  admitted  i  porter,  March,  185S. 


BARLOW   (GEORGE  H.),    M.  D. 

Physician  to  Guy's  Hospital,  London,  &c. 

A  MANUAL  OF  THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE.     With  Additions  by  D. 

F.  CoNDiE,  M.D. ,  author  of  "A  Practical  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  Children,"  &c.     In  one  hand- 
some octavo  volume,  leather,  of  over  600  pages.     $2  75. 


We  recommendDr.  Barlow's  Manual  in  the  warm- 
est manner  as  a  most  valuable  vade-mecum.  We 
have  had  frequent  occasion  to  consult  it,  and  have 
found  it  clear,  concise,  practical,  and  sound.  It  is 
eminently  a  practical  work,  containing  all  that  is 
essential,  and  avoiding  useless  theoretical  discus- 
sion. The  work  supplies  what  has  been  for  some 
time  wanting,  a  manual  of  practice  based  upon  mo- 
dern discoveries  in  pathology  and  rational  views  of 
treatment  of  disease.  It  is  especially  intended  for 
the  use  of  students  and  junior  practitioners,  but  it 


will  be  found  hardly  less  useful  to  the  experiencea 
physician.  The  American  editor  has  added  to  the 
work  three  chapters — on  Cholera  Infantum,  Yellow 
Fever,  and  Cerebro-spinal  Meningitis.  These  addi- 
tions, the  two  first  of  which  are  indispensable  to  a 
work  on  practice  destined  for  the  profession  in  this 
country,  are  executed  with  great  judgment  and  fi- 
delity, by  Dr.  Condie,  who  has  also  succeeded  hap- 
pily in  imitating  the  conciseness  and  clearness  of 
style  which  are  such  agreeable  characteristics  of 
the  original  book. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


BARTLETT  (ELISHA),  M.  D. 
THE   HISTORY,  DIAGNOSIS,  AND  TREATMENT  OF  THE   FEVERS 

OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  A  new  and  revised  edition.  By  Alonzo  Clark,  M.  D.,  Prof, 
of  Pathology  and  Practidal  Medicine  in  the  N.  Y.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  &c.  In 
one  octavo  volume,  of  six  hundred  pages,  extra  cloth.    Price  $3  00. 


It  is  the  best  work  on  fevers  which  has  emanated 
from  the  American  presS;  and  the  present  editor  has 
carefully  availed  himself  of  all  informatum  exist- 
ing upon  the  subject  in  the  Old  and  New  World,  so 
that  the  doctrines  advanced  are  brought  down  to  the 
latest  date  in  the  progress  of  this  department  of 
Medical  Science. — London  Med.  Times  and  Gazette, 
May  2,  1857. 

This  excellent  monograph  on  febrile  disease,  has 
stood  deservedly  high  since  its  first  publication.  It 
will  be  seen  that  it  has  now  reached  its  fourth  edi- 
tion under  the  supervision  of  Prof.  A.  Clark,  a  gen- 
tleman who,  from  the  nature  of  his  studies  and  pur- 
suits, is  well  calculated  to  appreciate  and  discuss 
the  many  intricate  and  difficult  questions  in  patho- 


logy. His  annotations  add  much  to  the  interest  of 
the  work,  and  have  brought  it  well  up  to  the  condi- 
tion of  the  science  as  it  exists  at  the  present  day 
in  regard  to  this  class  of  diseases. — Southern  Med. 
and  Surg.  Journal,  Mar.  1857. 

It  is  a  work  of  great  practical  value  and  interest, 
containing  much  that  is  new  relative  to  the  several 
diseases  of  which  it  treats,  and,  with  the  additions 
of  the  editor,  is  fully  up  to  the  times.  The  distinct- 
ive features  of  the  different  forms  of  fever  are  plainly 
and  forcibly  portrayed,  and  the  lines  of  demarcation 
carefully  and  accurately  drawn,  and  to  the  Ameri- 
can practitioner  is  a  more  valuable  and  safe  guide 
than  any  work  on  fever  extant. — Ohio  Med.  and 
Surg  Journal,  May,  1857. 


BROWN    (ISAAC    BAKER), 

Surgeon- Accoucheur  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  &c. 

ON  SOME  DISEASES  OF  WOMEN  ADMITTING  OF  SURGICAL  TREAT- 


MENT.    With  handsome  illustrations.     One  vol.  8vo.,  extra  cloth,  pp.  276. 

Mr.  Brown  has  earned  for  himself  a  high  reputa- 
tion in  the  operative  treatment  of  sundry  diseases 
and  injuries  to  which  females  are  peculiarly  subject. 
We  can  truly  say  of  his  work  that  it  is  an  important 
addition  to  obstetrical  literature.  The  operative 
suggestions  and  contrivances  which  Mr.  Brown  de- 
scribes, exhibit  much  practical  sagacity  and  skill, 


fl  60. 
and  merit  the  careful  attention  of  every  surgeon- 
accoucheur. — Association  Journal. 

We  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  this  book 
to  the  careful  attention  of  all  surgeons  who  make 
female  complaints  a  part  of  their  study  and  practice. 
— Dublin  (Quarterly  Journal. 


6 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S    MEDICAL 


CARPENTER  (WILLIAM    BJ,   M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  Sec, 

Examiner  in  Physiology  and  Comparative  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  London. 

PRINCIPLES  OP  HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY;  with  their  chief  applications  to 

Psychology,  Patholog-y,  Therapeutics,  Hygiene,  and  Forensic  Medicine.  A  new  American,  from 
the  last  and  revised  London  edition.  With  nearly  three  hundred  illustrations.  Edited,  with  addi- 
tions, by  Francis  Gurney  Smith,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Medical  College,  &c.  In  one  very  large  and  beautil'ul  octavo  volume,  of  about  nine  hundred 
large  pages,  handsomely  printed  and  strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bands.     $4  25. 

In  the  preparation  of  this  new  edition,  the  auihor  ha>  spared  no  labor  to  render  it,  as  heretofore, 
a  complete  and  lucid  exposition  of  the  most  advanced  condition  of  its  important  subject.  The 
amount  of  the  additions  required  to  effect  this  object  thoroughly,  joined  to  the  former  large  size  of 
the  volume,  presenting  objections  arising  from  the  unwieldy  bulk  of  the  work,  he  has  omitted  all 
those  portions  not  bearing  directly  upon  Human  Physiology,  designing  to  incorporate  them  in 
his  forthcoming  Treatise  on  General  Physiology.  As  a  full  and  accurate  text-book  on  the  Phy- 
siology of  Man,  the  work  in  its  present  condition  therefore  presents  even  greater  claims  upon 
the  student  and  physician  than  those  which  have  heretofore  won  for  it  the  very  wide  and  distin- 
guished favor  which  it  has  so  long  enjoyed.  The  additions  of  Prof.  Smith  will  be  found  to  supply 
whatever  may  have  been  wanting  to  the  American  student,  while  the  introduction  of  many  new 
illustrations,  and  the  most  careful  mechanical  execution,  render  the  volume  one  of  the  most  at- 
tractive as  yet  issued. 

For  upwards  of  thirteen  years  Dr.  Carpenter's  j  To  eulogize  this  great  work  would  be  superfluous 
work  has  been  considered  by  the  profession  gene-  We  should  observe,  however,  that  in  this  edition 
rally,  both  in  this  country  and  England,  as  the  most  the  author  has  remodelled  a  large  portion  of  the 
valuable  compendium  on  the  subject  of  physiology  I  former,  and  the  editor  has  added  much  matter  of  in- 
""  ■     '    ■■      ■'      '■  .  -  ..     V  ■   1     jgjest^  ggpg(.ja]iy  in  the  form  of  illustrations.    We 

may  confidently  recommend  it  as  the  most  complete 
work  on  Human  Physiology  in  our  language. — 
Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  December,  1855. 

The  most  complete  work  on  the  science  in  our 
language. — Am.  Med.  Journal. 

The  most  complete  work  now  extant  in  our  lan- 
guage.— iV.  O.  Med.  Register. 

The  best  text-book  in  the  language  on  this  ex- 
tensive subject. — London  Med.  Times. 

A  complete  cyclopaedia  of  this  branch  of  science. 
— JV.  Y.  Med.  Times. 

The  profession  of  this  country,  and  perhaps  also 
of  Europe,  have  anxiously  and  for  some  time  awaited 
the  announcement  of  this  new  edition  of  Carpenter's 
Human  Physiology.  His  former  editions  have  for 
many  years  been  almost  the  only  text-book  on  Phy- 
siology in  all  our  medical  schools,  and  its  circula- 
tion among  the  profession  has  been  unsurpassed  by 
any  work  in  any  department  of  medical  science. 

It  is  quite  unnecessary  for  us  to  speak  of  this 
work  as  its  merits  virould  justify.  The  mere  an- 
nouncement of  its  appearance  will  afford  the  highest 
pleasure  to  every  student  of  Physiology,  while  its 
perusal  will  be  of  infinite  service  in  advancing 
physiological  science. — Ohio  Med.  and  Surg.  Jouni. 


in  our  language.  This  distinction  it  owes  to  the  high 
attainments  and  unwearied  industry  of  its  accom- 
plished author.  The  present  edition  (which,  like  the 
last  American  one,  was  prepared  by  the  author  him- 
self), is  the  result  of  such  extensive  revision,  that  it 
may  almost  be  considered  a  new  work.  We  need 
hardly  say,  in  concluding  thisbrief  notice,  that  while 
the  work  is  indispensable  to  every  student  of  medi- 
cine in  this  country,  it  will  amply  repay  the  practi- 
tioner for  its  perusal  by  the  interest  and  value  of  its 
contents. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

This  is  a  standard  work — the  text-book  used  by  all 
medical  students  who  read  the  English  language. 
It  has  passed  through  several  editions  in  order  to 
keep  pace  with  the  rapidly  growing  science  of  Phy- 
siology. Nothing  need  be  said  in  its  praise,  for  its 
merits  are  universally  known  ;  we  have  nothing  to 
say  of  its  defects,  for  they  only  appear  where  the 
science  of  which  it  treats  is  incomplete. — Western 
Lancet. 

The  most  complete  exposition  of  physiology  which 
any  language  can  at  present  give. — Brit,  and  For. 
Med.-Chirurg.  Review. 

The  greatest,  the  most  reliable,  and  the  best  book 
on  the  subject  which  we  know  of  in  the  English 
language. — Stethoscope, 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Lately  Issued.) 

PRINCIPLES  OF  COMPARATIVE   PHYSIOLOGY.     New  Ameriean,  from 

the  Fourth  and  Revised  London  edition.     In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  over 
three  hundred  beautiful  illustrations,     pp.752.     Extra  cloth,  $4  80 ;  leather,  raised  bands,  $5  25. 

The  delay  which  has  existed  in  the  appearance  of  this  work  has  been  caused  by  the  very  thorough 
revision  and  remodelling  which  it  has  undergone  at  the  hands  of  the  author,  and  the  large  number 
of  new  illustrations  which  have  been  prepared  for  it.  It  will,  therefore,  be  found  almost  a  new 
work,  and  fully  up  to  the  day  in  every  department  of  the  subject,  rendering  it  a  reliable  text-book 
for  all  students  engaged  in  this  branch  of  science.  Every  effort  has  been  made  to  render  its  typo- 
graphical finish  and  mechanical  execution  worthy  of  its  exalted  reputation,  and  creditable  to  the 
mechanical  arts  of  this  country. 


This  book  should  not  only  be  read  but  thoroughly 
studied  by  every  member  of  the  profession.  None 
are  too  wise  or  old,  to  be  benefited  thereby.  But 
especially  to  the  younger  class  would  we  cordially 
commend  it  as  best  fitted  of  any  work  in  the  English 
language  to  qualify  them  for  the  reception  and  com- 
prehension of  those  truths  which  are  dailj' being  de- 
veloped in  physiology. — Medical  Counsellor. 

Without  pretending  to  it,  it  is  an  encyclopedia  of 
the  subject,  accurate  and  complete  in  all  respects — 
a  truthful  reflection  of  the  advanced  state  at  which 
the  science  has  now  arrived. — Dublin  Quarterly 
Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

A  truly  magnificent  work — in  itself  a  perfect  phy- 
siological study. — Banking's  Abstract. 

This  work  stands  without  its  fellow.  It  is  one 
few  men  in  Europe  could  have  undertaken ;  it  is  one 


I  no  man,  we  believe,  could  have  brought  to  so  suc- 
cessful an  issue  as  Dr.  Carpenter.  It  required  for 
its  production  a  physiologist  at  once  deeply  read  in 
the  labors  of  others,  capable  of  taking  a  general, 
critical,  and  unprejudiced  view  of  those  labors,  and 
of  combining  the  varied,  heterogeneous  materials  at 
his  disposal,  so  as  to  form  an  harmonious  whole. 
We  feel  that  this  abstract  can  give  the  reader  a  very 
imperfect  idea  of  the  fulness  of  this  work,  and  no 
idea  of  its  unity,  of  the  admirable  manner  in  which 
material  has  been  brought,  from  the  most  various 
sources,  to  conduce  to  its  completeness,  of  the  lucid- 
ity of  the  reasoning  it  contains,  or  of  the  clearness 
of  language  in  which  the  whole  is  clothed.  Not  the 
profession  only,  but  the  scientific  world  at  large, 
must  feel  deeply  indebted  to  Dr.  Carpenter  for  this 
great  work.  It  must,  indeed,  add  largely  even  to 
his  high  reputation. — Medical  Times. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


CARPENTER  (WILLIAM   B.),   M.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Examiner  in  Physiology  and  Comparative  Anatomy  in  tlie  University  of  London. 

THE  MICROSCOPE  AND  ITS  REVELATIONS.  With  an  Appendix  con- 
taining the  Applications  of  tiie  Microscope  to  Clinical  Medicine,  &c.  By  F.  G.  Smith,  M.  D. 
Illustrated  by  four  hundred  and  thirty-four  beautiful  engravings  on  wood.  In  one  large  and  very 
handsome  octavo  volume,  of  724  pages,  extra  cloth,  $4  00  ;  leather,  $4  50. 

Dr.  Carpenter's  position  as  a  microscopist  and  physiologist,  and  his  great  experience  as  a  teacher 
eminently  qualify  him  to  produce  what  has  long  been  wanted — a  good  text-book  on  the  practical 
use  of  the  microscope.  In  the  present  volume  his  object  has  been,  as  stated  in  his  Preface,  "  to 
combine,  within  a  moderate  compass,  that  information  with  regard  to  the  use  of  his  '  tools,'  which 
is  most  essential  to  the  working  microscopist,  with  such  an  account  of  the  objects  best  fitted  for 
his  study,  as  might  qualify  him  to  comprehend  what  he  observes,  and  might  thus  prepare  him  to 
benefit  science,  whilst  expanding  and  refreshing  his  own  mind  "  That  he  has  succeeded  in  accom- 
plishing this,  no  one  acquainted  with  his  previous  labors  can  doubt. 

The  great  importance  of  the  microscope  as  a  means  of  diagnosis,  and  the  number  of  microsco- 
pists  who  are  also  physicians,  have  induced  the  American  publishers,  with  the  author's  approval,  to 
add  an  Appendix,  carefully  prepared  by  Professor  Smith,  on  the  applications  of  the  instrument  to 
clinical  medicine,  together  with  an  account  of  American  Microscopes,  their  modifications  and 
accessories.  This  portion  of  the  work  is  illustrated  with  nearly  one  hundred  wood-cuts,  and,  it  is 
hoped,  will  adapt  the  volume  more  particularly  to  the  use  of  the  American  student. 

Every  care  has  been  taken  in  the  mechanical  execution  of  the  work,  which  is  confidently  pre- 
sented as  in  no  respect  inferior  to  the  choicest  productions  of  the  London  press. 

The  mode  in  which  the  author  has  executed  his  intentions  may  be  gathered  from  the  following 
condensed  synopsis  of  the 

CONTENTS. 

Introduction — History  of  the  Microscope.  Chap.  I.  Optical  Principles  of  the  Microscope, 
Chap.  II.  Construction  of  the  Microscope.  Chap.  III.  Accessory  Apparatus.  Chap.  IV. 
Management  of  the  Microscope  Chap.  V.  Preparation,  Mounting,  and  Collection  of  Objects. 
Chap.  VI.  Microscopic  Forms  of  Vegetable  Life — Protophytes.  Chap.  VII.  Higher  Cryptoga- 
mia.  Chap.  VIII.  Phanerogamic  Plants.  Chap.  IX.  Microscopic  Forms  of  Animal  Life — Pro- 
tozoa— Animalcules.  Chap.  X.  Foraminifera,  Polycystina,  and  Sponges.  Chap.  XI.  Zoophytes. 
Chap.  XII.  Echinodermata.  Chap.  XIII.  Polyzoa  and  Compound  Tunicata.  Chap.  XIV. 
Molluscous  Animals  Generally.  Chap.  XV.  Annulosa.  Chap.  XVI.  Crustacea.  Chap.  XVII. 
Insects  and  Arachnida.  Chap  XVIII.  Vertebrated  Animals.  Chap.  XIX.  Applications  of  the 
Microscope  to  Geology.  Chap.  XX.  Inorganic  or  Mineral  Kingdom — Polarization.  Appendix. 
Microscope  as  a  means  of  Diagnosis — Injections — Microscopes  of  American  Manutacture. 


Those  who  are  acquainted  with  Dr.  Carpenter's 
previous  writings  on  Animal  and  Vegetable  Physio- 
logy, willfully  understand  how  vast  a  store  of  know- 
ledge he  is  able  to  bring  to  bear  upon  so  comprehen- 
sive a  subject  as  the  revelations  of  the  microscope  ; 
and  even  those  who  have  no  previous  acquaintance 
with  the  construction  or  uses  of  this  instrument, 
will  find  abundance  of  information  conveyed  in  clear 
and   simple  language. — Med.    Times  and   Gazette. 

Although  originally  not  intended  as  a  strictly 


medical  work,  the  additions  by  Prof.  Smith  give  it 
a  positive  claim  upon  the  profession,  for  which  we 
doubt  not  he  will  receive  their  sincere  thanks.  In- 
deed, we  know  not  where  the  student  of  medicine 
will  find  such  a  complete  and  satisfactory  collection 
of  microscopic  facts  bearing  upon  physiology  and 
practical  medicine  as  is  contained  in  Prof.  Smith's 
appendix;  and  this  of  itself,  it  seems  to  us,  is  fully 
worth  the  cost  of  the  volume. — Louisville  Medical 
Review,  Nov.  1856. 


BY   THE  SAME   AUTHOR. 

ELEMENTS  (OR  MANUAL)  OF  PHYSIOLOGY,  INCLUDING  PHYSIO- 

LOGICAL  ANATOMY.     Second  American,  from  a  new  and  revised  London  edition.     With 

one  hundred  and  ninety  illustrations.     In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,     pp.  566. 

$3  00. 

In  publishing  the  first  edition  of  this  work,  its  title  was  altered  from  that  of  the  London  volume, 
by  the  substitution  of  the  word  "Elements"  for  that  of  "  Manual,"  and  with  the  author's  sanction 
the  title  of  "Elements"  is  still  retained  as  being  more  expressive  of  the  scope  of  the  treatise. 


To  say  that  it  is  the  best  manual  of  Physiology 
now  before  the  public,  would  not  do  sufficient  justice 
to  the  author. — Buffalo  Medical  Journal. 

In  his  former  works  it  would  seem  that  he  had 
exhausted  the  subjectof  Physiology.  In  the  present, 
he  gives  the  essence,  asit  v/ere,  of  the  whole. — N.  Y. 
Journal  of  Medicine. 


Those  who  have  occasion  for  an  elementary  trea- 
tise on  Physiology,  cannot  do  better  than  to  possess 
themselves  of  the  manual  of  Dr.  Carpenter. — Medical 
Examiner. 

The  best  and  most  complete  expos6  of  modern 
Physiology,  in  one  volume,  extant  in  the  English 
language. — St.  Louis  Medical  Journal. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (Preparing.) 

PRINCIPLES  OF   GENERAL   PHYSIOLOGY,    INCLUDING   ORGANIC 

CHEMISTRY  AND   HISTOLOGY.     With  a  General  Sketch  of  the  Vegetable  and  Animal 
Kingdom.     In  one  large  and  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  several  hundred  illustrations. 
The  subject  of  general  physiology  having  been  omitted  in  the  last  editions  ol  the  author's  "Com- 
parative Physiology"  and  "  Human  Physiology,"  he  has  undertaken  to  prepare  a  volume  which 
shall  present  it  more  thoroughly  and  fully  than  has  yet  been  attempted,  and  which  may  be  regarded 
as  an  introduction  to  his  other  works. 

BY   THE   SAME   ATTTHOR. 

A  PRIZE  ESSAY  ON  THE  USE  OF  ALCOHOLIC  LIQUORS  IN  HEALTH 

AND  DISEASE.    New  edition,  with  a  Preface  by  D.  F.  Condie,  M.  D.,  and  explanations  of 
scientific  words.    In  one  neat  I2mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,    pp.  178.    50  cents. 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL 


CONDIE  (D.  FJ,  M.  D.,  &.C. 
A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  CHILDREN. 


Fifth 

erlition.  revised  and  augmented.    In  one  large  volume,  8vo.,  leather,  of  over  750  pages.  $3  25. 

(Now  Ready,  December,  1858.) 

In  presenting  a  new  and  revised  edition  cf  this  favorite  work,  the  publishers  have  only  to  state 
that  the  author  has  endeavored  to  render  it  in  every  respect  "a  oompleie  and  faithful  exposition  of 
the  pathology  and  therapeutics  of  the  maladies  incident  to  the  earlier  stages  of  existence — a  full 
and  exact  account  of  the  diseases  of  infancy  and  childhood."  To  accomplish  this  he  has  subjected 
the  whole  work  to  a  careful  and  thorough  revision,  rewriting  a  considerable  portion,  and  adding 
several  new  chapters.  In  this  manner  it  is  hoped  that  any  deficiencies  which  may  have  previously 
existed  have  been  supplied,  that  the  recent  labors  of  practitioners  and  observers  have  been  tho- 
roughly incorporated,  ard  that  in  every  point  the  work  will  be  found  to  maintain  the  high  reputation 
it  has  enjoyed  as  a  complete  and  thoroughly  practical  book  of  reierence  in  infantile  affections. 

A  few  notices  of  previous  editions  are  subjoined. 


Dr.  Condie's  scholarship,  acumerij  industry,  and 
practical  sense  are  manifested  in  this,  as  in  all  his 
Bumerous  contributions  to  science. — Dr.  Holmes^s 
Report  to  the  American  Medical  Association. 

Taken  as  a  whole,  in  our  judgment.  Dr.  Condie's 
Treatise  is  the  one  from  the  perusal  of  w^hieh  the 
practitioner  in  this  country  will  rise  with  the  great- 
est satisfaction. — Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery. 

One  of  the  best  works  upon  the  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren in  the  English  language. — Western  Lancet. 

We  feel  assured  from  actual  experience  that  no 
physician's  library'  can  be  complete  without  a  copy 
of  this  work. — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

A  veritable  psEdiatrie  encyclopEedia,  and  an  honor 
to  American  medical  literature. — Ohio  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal. 

We  feel  persuaded  that  the  American  medical  pro- 
fession will  soon  regard  it  not  only  as  a  very  good, 
but  as  the  veey  best  "Practical  Treatise  on  the 
Diseases  of  Children." — American  MedicalJournal 

In  the  department  of  infantile  therapeutics,  the 
work  of  Dr.  Condie  is  considered  one  of  the  best 
which  tias  been  published  in  the  English  language. 
— The  Stethoscope. 


We  pronounced  the  first  edition  to  be  the  best 

work  on  the  diseases  of  children  in  the  English 
language,  and,  notwithstanding  all  that  has  been 
published,  we  still  regard  it  in  that  light. — Medical 
Examiner. 

Tlie  value  of  works  by  native  authors  on  the  dis- 
eases which  the  physician  is  called  upon  to  combat, 
will  be  appreciated  by  all ;  and  the  work  of  Dr.  Con- 
die  has  gained  for  itself  the  character  of  a  safe  guide 
for  students,  and  a  useful  work  for  consultation  by 
those  engaged  in  practice. — N.  Y.  Med.  Times. 

This  is  the  fourth  edition  of  this  deservedly  popu- 
lar treatise.  During  the  interval  since  the  last  edi- 
tion, it  has  been  subjected  to  a  thorough  revision 
by  the  author;  and  all  new  observations  in  the 
pathology  and  therapeutics  of  children  have  been 
included  in  the  present  volume.  As  w^e  said  b«fore, 
we  do  not  know  of  a  better  book  on  diseases  of  chil- 
dren, and  to  a  large  part  of  its  recommendations  we 
yield  an  unhesitating  concurrence. — Buffalo  Med. 
Journal. 

Perhaps  the  most  full  and  complete  work  now  be- 
fore the  profession  of  the  United  States ;  indeed,  we 
may  say  in  the  English  language.  It  is  vastly  supe- 
rior to  most  of  its  predecessors. — Transylvania  Med. 
Journal, 


CHRISTISON  (ROBERT),  M.  D.,  V.  P.  R.  S.  E.,  &.C. 
A  DISPENSATORY;  or,  Commentary  on  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  Great  Britain 

and  the  United  States ;  comprising  the  Natural  History,  Description,  Chemistry,  Pharmacy,  Ac- 
tions, Uses,  and  Doses  of  the  Articles  of  the  Materia  Medica.  Second  edition,  revised  and  im- 
proved, with  a  Supplement  containing  the  most  important  New  Remedies.  With  copious  Addi- 
tions, and  two  hundred  and  thirteen  large  wood-engravings.  By  R.  Eglesfeld  Griffith,  M.  D. 
In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  raised  bands,  of  over  1000  pages.  $3  50. 

COOPER  (BRANSBY   8.),  F.  R.  S. 
LECTURES  ON  THE   PRINCIPLES   AND    PRACTICE   OF   SURGERY. 

In  one  very  large  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  750  pages.    $3  00. 


COOPER  ON  DISLOCATIONS  AND  FRAC- 
TURES OF  THE  JOINTS.— Edited  by  Bkansby 
B.  CooPES,  F.R.S.,  &c.  With  additional  Ob- 
servations by  Prof.  J.  C.  Wareen.  A  new  Ame- 
rican edition.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume, 
extra  cloth,  of  about  500  pages,  with  numerous 
illustrations  on  wood.    $3  25. 

COOPER  ON  THE  ANATOMY  AND  DISEASES 
OF  THE  BREAST,  with  twenty-five  Miscellane- 
ous and  Surgical  Papers.  One  large  volume,  im- 
perial 8vo.,  extra  cloth,  with  252  figures,  on  36 
$2  50. 


COOPER  ON  THE  STRUCTURE  AND  DIS- 
EASES OF  THE  TESTIS,  AND  ON  THE 
THYMUS  GLAND.  One  vol.  imperial  Svo.,  ex- 
tra cloth,  with  177  figures  on  29  plates.    $2  00. 


COPLAND  ON  THE  CAUSES,  NATURE,  AND 
TREATMENT  OF  PALSY  AND  APOPLEXY. 
In  one  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,  pp.  326. 
80  cents. 

CLYMER  ON  FEVERS;  THEIR  DIAGNOSIS, 
PATHOLOGY,  AND  TREATMENT  In  one 
octavo  volume,  leather,  of  600  pages.    $1  50. 

COLOMBAT  DEL'ISERE  ON  THE  DISEASES 

OF  FEMALES,  and  on  the  special  Hygiene  of 
their  Sex.  Translated,  with  many  Notes  and  Ad- 
ditions, by  C.  D.  Meigs,  M.  D.  Second  edition, 
revised  and  improved.  In  one  large  volume,  oc- 
tavo, leather,  with  numerous  wood-cuts.  pp.  720. 
$3  50. 


CARSON   (JOSEPH),  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  COURSE  OF  LECTURES  ON  MATERIA  MEDICA 

AND  PHARMACY,  delivered  in  the  University  ol  Pennsylvania.    Second  and  revised  edi- 
tion.   In  one  very  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  oi  208  pages.    $]  50. 

CURLING    (T.    B.),    F.  R.S., 

Surgeon  to  the  London  Hospital,  President  of  the  Hunterian  Society,  &c. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  DISEASES  OP  THE  TESTIS,  SPERMA- 
TIC CORD,  AND  SCROTUM.  Second  American,  from  the  second  and  enlarged  English  edi- 
tioH.    In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  with  ntunerous  illustrations,  pp.  420.  $2  00. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


CHURCHILL  (FLEETWOOD),  M.  D.,  M.  R.  I.  A. 
ON  THE  THEORY  AND  PRACTICE   OP  MIDWIFERY.     Edited,  with 

Notes  and  Additions,  by  D.  Francis  Condie,  M.  D.,  author  of  a  "Practical  Treatise  on  the 

Dif^eases  of  Children,"  &c.     With  139  illustrations.    In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume, 

leather,    pp.510.     $3  00. 

To  bestow  praise  on  a  book  that  has  received  such  I  No  work  holds  a  higher  position,  or  is  more  de- 
marked  approbation  would  be  superfluous.  We  need  serving  of  being  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  tyro 
only  say,  therefore,  that  if  the  first  edition  was  the  advanced  student,  or  the  practitioner.— ilf«(ZicaJ 
thought  worthy   of  a  favorable  reception   by   the    Examiner. 


Previous  editions,  under  the  editorial  supervision 
of  Prof  R.  M.  Huston,  have  been  received  with 
marked  favor,  and  they  deserved  it;  but  this,  re- 
printed from  a  very  late  Diiblin  edition,  carefully 
revised  and  brought  up  by  the  author  to  the  present 
time,  does  present  an  unusually  accurate  and  able 
exposition  of  every  important  particular  embraced 
in  the  department  of  midwifery.  *  *  The  clearness, 
directness,  and  precision  of  its  teachings,  together 
with  the  great  amount  of  statistical  research  which 
its  text  exhibits,  have  served  to  place  it  already  in 
the  foremost  rank  of  works  in  this  department  of  re- 
medial science.— iV.  0.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

In  our  opinion,  it  forms  one  of  the  best  if  not  the 
very  best  text-book  and  epitome  of  obstetric  science 
which  we  at  present  possess  in  the  English  lan- 
guage.— Monthly  Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

The  clearness  and  precision  of  style  in  which  it  is 
written,  and  the  greatamount  of  statistical  research 
which  it  contains,  have  served  to  place  it  in  the  first 
rank  of  works  in  this  departmentof  medical  science. 
— N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

Few  treatises  will  be  found  better  adapted  as  a 
text-book  for  the  student,  or  as  a  manual  for  the 
frequent  consultation  of  the  young  practitioner. — 
American  Medical  Journal. 


medical  public,  we  can  confidently  affirm  that  this 
will  be  found  much  more  so.  The  lecturer,  the 
practitioner,  and  the  student,  may  all  have  recourse 
to  its  pages,  and  derive  from  their  perusal  much  in- 
terest and  instruction  in  everything  relating  to  theo- 
retical and  practical  midwifery.— i)«62i»i  Quarterly 
Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

A  work  of  very  great  merit,  and  such  as  we  can 
confidently  recommend  to  the  study  of  every  obste- 
tric practitioner. — London  Medical  G-azette. 

This  is  certainly  the  most  perfect  system  extant. 
It  is  the  best  adapted  for  the  purposes  of  a  text- 
book, and  that  which  he  whose  necessities  confine 
him  to  one  book,  should  select  in  prelerence  to  all 
others.— Sou«;i«r»i  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

The  most  popular  work  on  midwifery  ever  issued 
from  the  American  press.— CAarZesJoji  Med.  Journal. 

Were  we  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  having  but 
one  work  on  midwifery,  and  permitted  to  choose, 
we  would  unhesitatingly  take  Churchill.— W^estern 
Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

It  is  impossible  to  conceive  a  more  useful  and 
elegant  manual  than  Dr.  Churchill's  Practice  of 
Midwifery. — Provincial  Medical  Journal. 

Certainly,  in  our  opinion,  the  very  best  work  on  i 
the  subject  which  exists.— iV.  Y.  Annalist.  I 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Just  Issued.) 

ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  INFANTS   AND   CHILDREN.     Second  American 

Edition,  revised  and  enlarged  by  the  author.    Edited,  with  Notes,  by  W.  V.  KEATma,  M.  D     In 

one  large  and  handsome  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  over  700  pages.     $3  00,  or  in  leather,  f  .i  i5. 

In  preparing  this  work  a  second  time  for  the  American  profession,  the  author  has  spared  no 
labor  in  °-ivin-  it  a  very  thorough  revision,  introducing  several  new  chapters,  and  rewriting  others, 
while  every  portion  of  the  volume  has  been  subjected  to  a  severe  scrutiny.  The  efforts  of  the 
American  editor  have  been  directed  to  supplying  such  information  relative  to  matters  pec^uliar 
to  this  country  as  might  have  escaped  the  attention  of  the  author,  and  the  whole  may,  there- 
fore be  safely  pronounced  one  of  the  most  complete  works  on  the  subject  accessible  to  the  Ame- 
rican Profession.  By  an  alteration  in  the  size  of  the  page,  these  very  extensive  additions  have 
been  accommodated  without  unduly  increasing  the  size  of  the  work. 

This  work  contains  a  vast  amount  of  interesting  1  contribution  for  the  illustration  of  its  topics.  The 
matter  which  is  so  well  ananged  and  so  curtly  material  thusderivedhasbeen  used  with  consummate 
worded  that  the  book  may  be  regarded  as  an  ency-  !  skill,  and  the  result  has  been  a  work  creaitable  alike 
clopaedia  of  information  upon  the  subject  of  wnich  ;  to  the  author  and  his  country.-iV.  A.  Medico-Chir. 
it  treats.     It  is  certainly  also  a  monument  of  Dr.  j  Review,  May,  ]8o8. 

ChurchilPs  untiring  industry,  inasmuch  as  there  is  i  After  this  meagre,  and  we  know,  very  imperfect 
not  a  siaglework  upon  thediseases  of  children  with  Qoticeof  Dr.  Churchill's  work,  we  shall  conclude 
which  we  are  acquainted  that  is  not  fully  referred  t  by  saying,  that  it  is  one  that  cannot  fail  from  its  co- 
to  and  quoted  from  in  its  pages,  and  scarcely  a  con-  \  piousness,  extensive  research,  and  general  accuracy, 
tribution  of  the  least  importance  to  any  British  or  1  to  exalt  still  higher  the  reputation  of  the  author  in 
ForeignMedical  Journal,  for  some  years  past,  which  (.jjjg  country.  The  American  reader  willbeparticu- 
is  not  A Oi\y  noticeA.— London  Lancet,  Feb.  20,  1858.  I  larly  pleased  to  find  that  Dr.  Churchill  has  done  full 

Availing  himself  of  every  fresh  source  of  informa-  |  justice  through(mt  his  work  to  the  various  American 
tion  Dr  Churchill  endeavored.with  his  accustomed  I  authors  on  this  subject.  The  names  of  Dewees, 
ndu'stry'  and  perseverance,  to  bring  his  work  up  to  i  Eberle,  Condie,  and  Stewart,  occur  on  nearly  every 
the  present  state  of  medical  knowledge  in  all  the  page,  and  these  authors  are  constantly  referred  toby 
subjects  of  which  ic  treats;  and  in  this  endeavor  he  \  the  author  in  terms  of  the  highest  praise  and  with 
has  we  feel  bound  to  say,  been  eminently  success-  |  the  most  liberal  courtesy.— r/ie  Medical  Examiner. 


ful.  Besides  the  addition  of  more  than  one  hundred 
and  thirty  pages  of  matter,  we  observe  that  some 
entirely  new  and  important  chapters  are  introduced, 
viz  :  on  paraly  jis,  syphilis,  phthisis,  sclerema,  &c. 
&c.  As  the  work  now  stands,  it  is,  we  believe,  the 
most  comprehensive  in  the  English  language  upon 


We  recommend  the  work  of  Dr.  Churchill  most 
cordially,  both  to  students  and  practitioners,  as  a 
valuable  and;reliable  guide  in  the  treatment  of  the  dis- 
eases of  children. — Am.  Journ.  of  the  Med.  Sciences. 

We  know  of  no  work  on  this  department  of  Prac- 


most  comprehensive  m  the  h.nglisn  language  upon  i  vv  c  ^luiw  ui  uv,  w^io.  ^^  ....=  ^^i-^......-....^.  -  .--- 
thediseasesincldent  toearly  lift.— Dublin  Quarterly  ^  tical  Medicine  which  presents  so  candid  and  unpre- 
Voi/rjirtZ    Feb   1858  judiced  a  statement  or  posting   up  of  our  actual 

joMrrert^,  t-eo   iBoa  .     '  knowledge  as  this— iV.  Y. /owmaZ  o/Metitcme. 

It  brings  before  the  reader  an  amount  of  informa-  I  «■"'"' "="8  "=''*'"'         .    ^     ,  ■     \r-  ,  „■ 

tion  not  Comprised  in  any  similar  production  in  the  \  Its  claims  to  merit  both  as  a  scientific  and  practi- 
lano-uRc^e.  The  amount  of  labor  consumed  upon  its  ,  cal  work,  are  of  the  highest  order  Whilst  we 
production  can  only  be  conceived  by  those  who  have!  would  not  elevate  it  above  every  other  treatise  on 
been  similarly  occupied,  every  work  of  note  pub-  :  the  same  subject,  wecertainly  believe  that  very  tew 
lished  witiiin  the  last  twenty-five  years  in  the  dif-  I  are  equal  to  it,  and  none  superior.— SoMtA«r»  Med. 
ferent  languages  of  Europe  having  been  laid  under  I  and  Surgical  Journal. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

ESSAYS  ON  THE  PUERPERAL  FEVER,  AND  OTHER  DISEASES  PB- 

CULIAK.  TO  WOMEN.     Selected  from  the  writings  of  British  Authors  previous  to  the  close  of 
the  Eighteenth  Century.    In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  oi  about  450  pages.    $2  50. 


H) 


BL.ANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


CHURCHILL  (FLEETWOOD),    M.  D.,  M.  R.  I.  A.,    &c. 

ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  WOMEN;  including  those  of  Pregnancy  and  Child- 
bed. A  new  American  edition,  revised  by  the  Author.  With  Notes  and  Additions,  by  D.  Fran- 
cis CoNDiE,  M.  D.,  author  ot  "  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children."  With  nume- 
rous illustrations.  In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  768  pages.  {Just  Issued, 
1857.)    $3  00. 

This  edition  of  Dr.  Churchill's  very  popular  treatise  may  almost  be  termed  a  new  work,  so 
thoroughly  has  he  revised  it  in  every  portion.  It  will  be  found  greatly  enlarged,  and  thoroughly 
brought  up  to  the  most  recent  condition  of  the  subject,  while  the  very  handsome  series  of  illustra- 
tions introduced,  representing  such  pathological  conditions  as  can  be  accurately  portrayed,  present 
a  novel  feature,  and  afford  valuable  assistance  to  the  young  practitioner.  Such  additions  as  ap- 
peared desirable  for  the  American  student  have  been  made  by  the  editor.  Dr.  Condie,  while  a 
marked  improvement  in  the  mechanical  execution  keeps  pace  with  the  advance  in  all  other  respects 
which  the  volume  has  undergone,  while  the  price  has  been  kept  at  the  former  very  moderate  rate. 


It  comprises,  unquestionably,  one  of  the  most  ex- 
act and  comprehensive  expositions  of  the  present 
state  of  medical  knowledge  in  respect  to  the  diseases 
of  women  that  has  yet  been  published. — Am.  Journ. 
Med.  Sciences,  July,  1857. 

We  hail  with  much  pleasure  the  volume  before 
us,  thoroughly  revised,  corrected,  and  brought  up 
to  the  latest  date,  by  Dr.  Churchill  himself,  and 
rendered  still  more  valuable  by  notes,  from  the  ex- 
perienced and  able  pen  of  Dr.  D.  F.  Condie,  of  Phil- 
adelphia.— Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  Oct. 
1657. 

This  work  is  the  most  reliable  which  we  possess 
on  this  subject;  and  is  deservedly  popular  with  the 
profession. — Charleston  Med.  Journal,  July,  1857. 

Dr.  Churchill's  treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Women 
is,  perhaps,  the  most  popular  of  his  works  with  the 
profession  in  this  country.  It  has  been  very  gene- 
rally received  both  as  a  text-book  and  manual  of 
practice.  The  present  edition  has  undergone  the 
most  elaborate  revision,  and  additions  of  an  import- 
ant character  have  been  made,  to  render  it  a  com- 
plete exponent  of  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge 
of  these  diseases. — N.  Y.  Journ.  of  Med.,  Sept.  1857. 

We  now  regretfully  take  leave  of  Dr.  Churchill's 
book.  Had  our  typographical  limits  permitted,  we 
should  gladly  have  borrowed  more  from  its  richly 
stored  pages.  In  conclusion,  wc  heartily  recom- 
mend it  to  the  profession,  and  would  at  the  same 
time  express  our  firm  conviction  that  it  will  not  only 
add  to  the  reputation  of  its  author,  but  will  prove  a 
work  of  great  and  extensive  utility  to  obstetric 
practitioners. — Dublin  Medical  Press. 

We  know  of  no  author  who  deserves  that  appro- 
bation, on  "the  diseases  of  females,"  to  the  same 


extent  that  Dr.  Churchill  does.  His,  indeed,  is  the 
only  thorough  treatise  we  know  of  on  the  subject ; 
and  it  may  be  commended  to  practitioners  and  stu- 
dents as  a  masterpiece  in  its  particular  department. 
The  former  editions  of  this  work  have  been  com- 
mended strongly  in  this  journal,  and  they  have  won 
t:heir  way  to  an  extended,  and  a  well-deserved  popu- 
larity. This  fifth  edition,  before  us,  is  well  calcu- 
lated to  maintain  Dr.  Churchill's  high  reputation. 
It  w^as  revised  and  enlarged  by  the  author,  for  his 
American  publishers,  and  it  seems  to  us  that  there  is 
scarcely  any  species  of  desirable  information  on  its 
subjects  that  may  not  be  found  in  this  work. — Tht 
Western  Journal  o/  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

We  are  gratified  to  announce  a  new  and  revised 
edition  of  Dr.  Churchill's  valuable  work  on  the  dis- 
eases of  females  We  have  ever  regarded  it  as  one 
of  the  very  best  works  on  the  subjects  embraced 
within  its  scope,  in  the  English  language;  and  the 
present  edition,  enlarged  and  revised  by  the  author, 
renders  it  still  more  entitled  to  the  confidence  of  the 
profession.  The  valuable  notes  of  Prof.  Huston 
have  been  retained,  and  contribute,  in  no  small  de- 
gree, to  enhance  the  value  of  the  work.  It  is  a 
source  of  congratulation  that  the  publishers  have 
permitted  the  author  to  be,  in  this  instance,  his 
own  editor,  thus  securing  all  the  revision  w^hich 
an  author  alone  is  capable  of  making. — The  Western 
Lancet. 

As  a  comprehensive  manual  for  students,  or  a 
work  of  reference  for  practitioners,  we  only  speak 
with  common  justice  when  we  say  that  it  surpasses 
any  other  that  has  ever  issued  on  the  same  sub- 
ject from  the  British  press. — The  Dublin  Quarterly 
Journal. 


DICKSON   (S.    H.),    M.  D., 

Professor  of  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

ELEMENTS  OF  MEDICINE;    a  Compendious  View  of  Pathology  and  Thera- 

peutics,  or  the  History  and  Treatment  of  Diseases.     In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume, 
of  750  pages,  leather.     $3  75. 

As  an  American  text- book  on  the  Practice  of  Medicine  for  the  student,  and  as  a  condensed  work 
of  reference  forthe  practitioner,  this  volume  will  have  strong  claims  on  the  attention  of  the  profession. 
Few  physicians  have  had  wider  opportunities  than  the  author  for  observation  and  experience,  and 
few  perhaps  have  used  them  better.  As  the  result  of  a  life  of  study  and  practice,  therefore,  the 
present  volume  will  doubtless  be  received  with  the  welcome  it  deserves. 


This  book  is  eminently  what  it  professes  to  be ;  a 
distinguished  merit  in  these  days.  Designed  for 
"  Teachers  and  Students  of  Medicine,"  and  admira- 
bly suited  to  their  wants,  we  think  it  will  be  received, 
on  its  own  merits,  with  a  hearty  welcome. — Boston 
Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

Indited  by  one  of  the  most  accomplished  writers 
of  our  country,  as  well  as  by  one  who  has  long  held 
a  high  position  among  teachers  and  practitioners  of 
medicine,  this  work  is  entitled  to  patronage  and 
careful  study.  The  learned  author  has  endeavored 
to  condense  in  this  volume  most  of  the  practical 
matter  contained  in  his  former  productions,  so  as  to 
adapt  it  to  the  use  of  those  who  have  not  time  to 
devote  to  more  extensive  works. — Southern  Med.  and 
Surg.  Journal, 

Prof.  Dickson's  work  supplies,  to  a  great  extent, 
a  desideratum  long  felt  in  American  medicine. — N. 
O.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

Estimating  this  work  according  to  the  purpose  for 
which  it  is  designed,  we  must  think  highly  of  its 


merits,  and  we  have  no  hesitation  in  predicting  for 
it  a  favorable  reception  by  both  students  and  teachers. 

Not  professing  to  be  a  complete  and  comprehensive 
treatise,  it  will  not  be  found  full  in  detail,  nor  filled 
with  discussions  of  theories  and  opinions,  but  em- 
bracing all  that  is  essential  in  theory  and  practice, 
it  is  admirably  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  American 
student.  Avoiding  all  that  is  uncertain,  it  presents 
more  clearly  to  the  mind  of  the  reader  that  which  is 
established  and  verified  by  experience.  The  varied 
and  extensive  reading  of  the  author  is  conspicuously 
apparent,  and  all  the  recent  improvements  and  dis- 
coveries in  therapeutics  and  pathology  are  chroni- 
cled in  its  pages. — Charleston  Med.  Journal, 

In  the  first  part  of  the  work  the  subject  of  gene- 
ral pathology  is  presented  in  outline,  giving  a  beau- 
tiful picture  of  its  distinguishing  features,  and 
throughout  the  succeeding  chapters  we  find  that  he 
has  kept  scrupulously  within  the  bounds  of  sound 
reasoning  and  legitimate  deduction.  Upon  the 
whole,  we  do  not  hesitate  to  pronounce  it  a  superior 
work  in  its  class,  and  that  Dr.  Dickson  merits  a 
place  in  the  first  rank  of  American  writers. — Western 
Lancet. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


11 


DRUITT   (ROBERT),    M.R.  C.  S.,    &,c. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OP  MODERN  SURGERY.     Edited 

by  F.  W.  Sargent,  M.  D.,  author  ol  "  Minor  Surgery,"  &c.  Illustrated  with  one  hundred  and 
ninety-three  wood-engravings.  In  one  very  handsomely  printed  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  576 
large  pages.     $3  00. 


Dr.  Druitt's  researches  into  the  literature  of  his 
subject  have  been  not  only  extensive,  but  well  di- 
rected; the  most  discordant  authors  are  fairly  and 
impartially  quoted,  and,  while  due  credit  is  given 
to  each,  their  respective  merits  are  weighed  with 
an  unprejudiced  hand.  The  grain  of  wheat  is  pre- 
served, and  the  chaff  is  unmercifully  stripped  off. 
The  arrangement  is  simple  and  philosophical,  and 
the  style,  though  clear  and  interesting,  is  so  precise, 
that  the  book  contains  more  information  condensed 
into  a  few  words  than  any  other  surgical  work  with 
which  we  are  acquainted. — London  Medical  Times 
imd  Gazette. 

Druitt's  Surgery  is  too  well  known  to  the  Ameri- 
can medical  profession  to  require  its  announcement 
anywhere.  Probably  no  work  of  the  kind  has  ever 
been  more  cordially  received  and  extensively  circu- 
lated than  this.  The  fact  that  it  comprehends  in  a 
comparatively  small  compass,  all  the  essential  ele- 


ments of  theoretical  and  practical  Surgery — that  it 
IS  found  to  contain  reliable  and  authentic  informa- 
tion on  the  nature  and  treatment  of  nearly  all  surgi- 
cal affections — is  a  sufficient  reason  for  the  liberal 
patronage  it  has  obtained.  The  editor.  Dr.  F.  W. 
Sargent,  has  contributed  much  to  enhance  the  value 
of  the  work,  by  such  American  improvements  as  are 
calculated  more  perfectly  to  adapt  it  to  our  own 
views  and  practice  in  this  country.  It  abounds 
everywhere  with  spirited  and  life-like  illustrations, 
which  to  the  young  surgeon,  especially,  are  of  no 
minor  consideration.  Every  medical  man  frequently 
noeds  just  such  a  work  as  this,  for  immediate  refer- 
ence in  moments  of  sudden  emergency,  when  he  has 
not  time  to  consult  more  elaborate  treatises. — The 
Ohio  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

No  work,  in  our  opinion,  equals  it  in  presenting 
80  much  valuable  surgical  matter  in  so  small  a 
3ompass. — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surgical  Journal. 


DALTON,   JR.   (J.   C),   M .   D. 

Professor  of  Physiology  in  the  College  of  Physicians,  New  York. 

A  TREATISE  ON  HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY,  designed  for  the  use  of  Students 

and  Practitioners  of  Medicine.  With  two  hundred  and  fifty-four  illustrations  on  wood.  In  one 
very  beautiful  octavo  volume,  of  over  600  pages,  extra  cloth,  $4  00 ;  leather,  raised  bands,  $4  25. 
(Now  ready,  Jan.  1859.) 

The  object  of  the  author  has  been  to  present  a  condensed  view  of  the  present  condition  of  his 
subject,  divested  of  mere  theoretical  views  and  hypothetical  reasoning.^,  but  comprehending  all 
important  details  which  may  be  received  as  definitely  .settled.  His  long  experience  as  an  investi- 
gator and  as  a  teacher  has  given  him  peculiar  advantages  in  this,  and  he  has  endeavored  wherever 
practicable  to  show  the  means  by  which  results  have  been  reached,  so  as  to  afford  the  student  the 
means  of  pursuing  original  research,  as  well  as  a  complete  text-book  of  the  science  in  its  most  ad- 
vanced condition.  Of  the  numerous  illustrations,  all  are  original  with  the  exception  of  eleven,  so 
that  the  whole  possesses  a  completeness  and  authority  not  otherwise  attainable,  and  in  the  me- 
chanical execution  every  care  has  been  taken  to  present  one  of  the  handsomest  volumes  as  yet 
produced  by  the  American  press. 

To  our  mind,  fulfils  in  a  most  admirable  manner  |  pressed  into  a  reasonable  compass,  embracing  like- 
the  objects  contemplated  by  the  author.  The  broad  |  wise  the  results  of  recent  laborers  in  this  department 
field  of  physiology  has  been  traversed  with  discri-  of  our  scitnce. — Med.  and  Surg.  Reporter,  Jan.  29, 
mination,  and  its  most  valuable  acquisitions  com-  |  1859. 


DUNGLISON,    FORBES,    TWEEDIE,    AND   CONOLLY. 
THE  CYCLOPEDIA  OF  PRACTICAL  MEDICINE:  comprising  Treatises  on 

the  Nature  and  Treatment  of  Diseases,  Materia  Medica,  and  Therapeutics,  Diseases  of  Women 
and  Children,  Medical  Jurisprudence,  &c.  &c.     In  four  large  super-royal  octavo  volumes,  ot 
3254  double-columned  pages,  strongly  and  handsomely  bound,  with  raised  bands.     $12  00. 
*^*  This  work  contains  no  less  than  four  hundred  and  eighteen  distinct  treatises,  contributed  by 

sixty-eight  distinguished  physicians,  rendering  it  a  complete  library  of  reference  for  the  country 

practitioner. 

The  most  complete  work  on  Practical  Medicine  I  titioner.    This  estimate  of  it  has  not  been  formed 

extant;    or,  at  least,   in    our    language.— Bi/i^aZo    froni  a  hasty  examination,  but  after  an  intimate  ac- 


Medical  and  Surgical  Journal, 

For  reference,  it  is  above  all  price  to  every  prac- 
titioner ..^Wesierw  Lancet. 

One  of  the  most  valuable  medical  publications  of 
the  day — as  a  work  of  reference  it  is  invaluable. — 
Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

It  has  been  to  us,  both  as  learner  and  teacher,  a 
work  for  ready  and  frequent  reference,  one  in  which 
modern  English  medicine  is  exhibited  in  the  most 
advantageous  light. — Medical  Examiner. 

We  rejoice  that  this  work  is  to  be  placed  within 
the  reach  of  the  profession  in  this  country,  it  being 
unquestionably  one  of  very  great  value  to  the  prac- 


quaintance  derived  from  frequent  consultation  of  it 
during  the  past  nine  or  ten  years.  The  editors  are 
practitioners  of  established  reputation,  and  the  list 
of  contributors  embraces  many  of  the  most  eminen 
professors  and  teachers  of  London,  Edinburgh,  Dub- 
lin, and  Glasgow.  It  is,  indeed,  the  great  merit  of 
this  work  that  the  principal  articles  have  been  fur- 
nished by  practitioners  who  have  not  only  devoted 
especialattention  to  the  diseases  about  which  they 
have  written,  but  have  also  enjoyed  opportunities 
for  an  extensive  practical  acquaintance  with  them, 
and  whose  reputation  carries  the  assurance  of  their 
competency  justly  to  appreciate  the  opinions  of 
others,  while  it  stamps  their  own  doctrines  with 
high  and  just  &uthoTity.— American  Medical  Journ. 


DEWEES'S  COMPREHENSIVE  SYSTEM  OF 
MIDWIFERY.  Illustrated  by  occasional  cases 
and  many  engravings.  Twelfth  edition,  with  the 
author's  last  improvements  and  corrections  In 
one  octavo  volume,  extracloth,  of  600  pages.  S3  20. 

DEWEES'S  TREATISE  ON  THE  PHYSICAL 
AND  MEDICAL  TREATMENT  OF  CHILD- 
REN. The  last  edition.  In  one  volume,  octavo, 
extra  cloth,  548  pages.     $2  80. 

DEWEES'S  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES 
OF  FEMALES.  Tenth  edition.  In  one  volume, 
octavo     xtra  cloth,  532  pages,  with  plates.  $3  00. 


DANA  ON  ZOOPHYTES  AND  CORALS.  In  one 

volume,  imperial  quarto,  extra  cloth,  with  wood- 
cuts. SS15  00.  Also,  AN  ATLAS,  in  one  volume, 
imperial  folio,  with  sixty-one  magnificent  colored 
plates.     Bound  in  half  morocco.     $30  00. 

DE  LA  BECHE'S  GEOLOGICAL  OBSERVER. 
In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  ex- 
tra cloth,  of  700  pages,  with  300  wood-cuts.  $4  00. 

FRICK  ON  RENAL  AFFECTIONS;  their  Diag- 
nosis  and  Pathology.  With  illustrations.  One 
volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth.    75  cents. 


12 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


DUNGLISON    (ROBLEY),    M.D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  tlie  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

NEW  AND  ENLARGED  EDITION,  Now  Ready,  1858. 

MEDICAL  LEXICON;   a  Dictionary  of  Medical  Science,  containing  a  concise 

Explanation  of  the  various  Subjects  and  Terms  of  Anatomy,  Physiology,  Pathology,  Hygiene, 
Therapeutics.  PharmacologA',  Pharmacy,  Surgery,  Obstetrics,  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Dentistry, 
&c.  Notices  of  Climate  and  of  Mineral  Waters;  Formulae  for  Officinal,  Empirical,  and  Dietetic 
Preparations,  &c.  With  French  and  other  Synonymes.  Fifteenth  edition,  revi«;ed  and  very 
sreatly  enlarged.  In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  992  double-columned  pages, 
in  ?mall  type ;  strongly  bounS  in  leather,  with  raised  bands.     Price  $4  00. 

Especial  care  has  been  devoted  in  the  preparation  of  this  edition  to  render  it  in  every  respect 
worthy  a  continuance  of  the  very  remarkable  favor  which  it  has  hitherto  enjoyed.  The  rapid 
sale  of  Fifteen  large  editions,  and  the  constantly  increasing  demand,  show  that  it  is  regarded  by 
the  profession  as  the  standard  authority.  Stimulated  by  this  fact,  the  author  has  endeavored  in  the 
present  revision  to  introduce  whatever  might  be  necessary  "  to  make  it  a  satisfactory  and  desira- 
ble— if  not  indispensable — lexicon,  in  which  the  student  may  search  without  disappointment  for 
every  term  that  has  been  legitimated  in  the  nomenclature  of  the  science."  To  accomplish  this, 
laige  additions  have  been  found  requisite,  and  the  extent  of  the  author's  labors  may  be  estimated 
from  the  fact  that  about  Six  Thol'sand  subjects  and  terms  have  been  introduced  throughout,  ren- 
dering the  whole  number  of  definitions  about  Sixty  Thousand,  to  accommodate  which,  the  num- 
ber of  pages  has  been  increased  by  nearly  a  hundred,  notwiihslanding  an  enlargement  in  the  size 
of  thepaae.  The  medical  press,  both  in  this  country  and  in  England,  has  pronounced  the  work  in- 
dispensable to  all  medical  students  and  practitioners,  and  the  present  improved  edition  will  not  lose 
that  enviable  reputation. 

The  publishers  have  endeavored  to  render  the  mechanical  execution  worthy  of  a  volume  of  such 
universal  use  in  daily  reference.  The  greatest  care  has  been  exercised  to  obtain  the  typographical 
accuracy  so  necessary  in  a  work  ot  the  kind.  By  the  small  but  exceedingly  clear  type  employed, 
an  immense  amount  of  matter  fi;ondensed  in  its  thousand  ample  pages,  while  the  binding  will  be 
found  strong  and  durable.  With  all  these  improvements  and  enlargements,  the  price  has  been  kept 
at  the  former  very  moderate  rate,  placing  it  within  the  reach  of  all. 


This  work,  the  appearance  of  the  fifteenth  edition 
of  wliich,  it  has  become  our  duty  and  pleasure  to 
announce,  is  perhaps  the  most  stupendous  monument 
of  labor  and  erudition  in  medical  literature.  One 
would  hardly  suppose  after  constant  use  of  the  pre- 
cedina;  editions,  ■where  we  have  never  failed  to  find 
a  sufficiently  full  explanation  of  ever)  medical  term, 
that  in  this  edition  "about  six  thousand  subjects 
and  terms  have  been  added,"  with  a  careful  revision 
and  correction  of  the  entire  work.  It  is  only  neces- 
sary to  announce  the  advent  of  this  edition  to  make 
it  occupy  the  place  of  the  preceding  one  on  the  table 
of  every  medical  man,  as  it  is  without  doubt  the  best 
andmost  comprehensive  work  of  the  kind  which  has 
ev'er  appeared. — Buffalo  Med.Journ.,  Jan.  1858. 

The  work  is  a  monument  of  patient  research, 
skilful  judgment,  and  vast  physical  labor,  that  will 
perpetuate  the  name  of  the  author  more  effectually 
than  any  possible  device  of  stone  or  metal.  Dr. 
Dunglison  deserves  the  thanks  not  only  of  the  Ame- 
rican profession,  but  of  the  whole  medical  world. — 
North  Am.  Medico- Chir.  Review,  Jan.  1858. 

A  Medical  Dictionary  better  adapted  for  the  w^ants 
of  the  prot'ession  than  any  other  with  which  we  are 
acquainted,  and  of  a  character  which  places  it  far 
above  comparison  and  competition. — Am.  Journ. 
Med.  Sciences,  Jan.  185S. 

We  need  only  say,  that  the  addition  of  6,000  new 
terms,  with  their  accompanying  definitions,  may  be 
said  to  constitute  a  new  work,  by  itself.  We  have 
examined  the  Dictionary  attentivelj',  and  are  most 
happy  to  pronounce  it  unrivalled  of  its  kind.  The 
erudition  displayed,  and  the  extraordinary  industry 
which  must  have  been  demanded,  in  its  preparation 
and  perfection,  redound  to  the  lasting  credit  of  its 
author,  and  have  furnished  us  with  a  volume  indis- 
pensable at  the  present  day,  to  all  who  would  find 
themselves  au  niveau  ^vith  the  highest  standards  of 
medical  information. — Boston  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal,  Dec.  31,  1857. 

Good  lexicons  and  encyclopedic  works  generally, 
are  the  most  labor-saving  contrivances  which  lite- 
rary men  enjoy ;  and  the  labor  which  is  required  to 
produce  them  in  the  perfect  manner  of  this  example 
is  something  appalling  to  contemplate.    The  author 


tells  us  in  his  preface  that  be  has  added  about  six 
thousand  terms  and  subjects  to  this  edition,  which, 
before,  was  considered  universally  as  the  best  work 
of  the  kind  in  any  language. — Silliman's  Journal, 
March,  1858. 

He  has  razed  his  gigantic  structure  to  the  founda- 
tions, and  remodelled  and  reconstructed  the  entire 
pile.  No  less  than  six  thousand  additional  subjects 
and  terms  are  illustraied  and  analyzed  in  this  new 
edition,  Svveliing  the  grand  aggregate  to  beyond 
sixty  thousand  I  Thus  is  placed  before  the  profes- 
sion a  complete  and  thorough  exponent  of  medical 
terminnldgy,  without  rival  or  possibility  of  rivalry. 
— Nashville  Journ.  of  Med.  and  Surg.,  Jan.  1858. 

It  is  universally  acknowledged,  we  believe,  that 
this  \vork  is  incnmparably  the  best  and  most  com- 
plete ftledicai  Lexicon  in  the  English  language. 
The  amount  of  labor  which  the  distinguishtd  author 
has  bestowed  upon  it  is  truly  wonderful,  and  the 
learning  and  research  displayed  in  its  preparation 
are  equally  remarkable.  Comment  and  commenda- 
tion are  unnecessary,  as  no  one  at  the  present  day 
thinks  of  purchasing  any  other  Medical  Dictionary 
than  this. — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journ.,  Jan. 
1858. 

It  is  the  foundation  stone  of  a  good  medical  libra- 
ry, and  should  always  be  included  in  the  first  list  of 
books  purchased  by  the  medical  student. — Am.  Med. 
Monthly,  Jan.  1658. 

A  verj'  perfect  work  of  the  kind,  undoubtedly  the 
most  perfect  in  the  English  language. — Med.  and 
Surg.  Reporter,  Jan.  18j8. 

It  is  now  emphatically  the  Medical  Dictionary  of 
the  English  language,  and  for  it  there  is  no  substi- 
tute.—iV.  H.  Med.  Journ.,  Jan.  1858. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  remark  that  any  medi- 
cal library  wanting  a  copy  of  Dunslison's  Lexicon 
must  be  imperfect. — Cin.  Lancet,  Jan.  1858. 

We  have  ever  considered  it  the  best  authority  pub- 
lished, and  the  present  edition  we  may  safely  say  lias 
no  equal  in  the  world. — Peninsular  Med.  Journal, 
Jan.  1658. 

The  most  complete  authority  on  the  subject  to  be 
found  in  any  language. —  Va.Med.  Journal,  Feb.  '58. 


BY   THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 


THE  PKACTICE  OF  MEDICINE.     A  Treatise  on  Special  Pathology  and  The- 
rapeutics.    Third  Edition.    In  two  large  octavo  volumes,  leather,  of  1,500  pages.    $6  25. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


13 


DUNGLISON    (ROBLEY),    M.D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY.  Eighth  edition.  Thoroughly  revised  and  exten- 
sively modified  and  enlarged,  with  five  hundred  and  thirty-two  illustrations.  In  two  large  and 
handsomely  printed  octavo  volumes,  leather,  of  about  1500  pages.     $7  00. 

In  revising  this  work  for  its  eighth  appearance,  the  author  has  spared  no  labor  to  render  it  worthy 
a  continuance  of  the  very  great  favor  which  has  been  extended  to  it  by  the  profession.  The  whole 
contents  have  been  rearranged,  and  to  a  great  extent  remodelled  ;  the  investigations  which  of  late 
years  have  been  so  numerous  and  so  important,  have  been  carefully  examined  and  incorporated, 
and  the  work  in  every  respect  has  been  brought  up  to  a  level  with  the  present  state  of  the  subject. 
The  object  of  the  author  has  been  to  render  it  a  concise  but  comprehensive  treatise,  containing  the 
whole  body  of  physiological  science,  to  which  the  student  and  man  of  science  can  at  all  times  refer 
with  the  certainty  of  finding  whatever  they  are  in  search  of,  fully  presented  in  all  its  aspects;  and 
on  no  former  edition  has  the  author  bestowed  mora  labor  to  secure  this  result. 

The  best  -work  of  the  kind   in  the  English  lan- 
uage. — Silliman' s  Journal. 


We  believe  that  it  can  truly  be  said,  no  more  com- 
plete repertory  of  facts  upon  the  subject  treated, 
can  anywhere  be  found.  The  author  has,  moreover, 
that  enviable  tact  at  description  and  that  facility 
and  ease  of  expression  which  render  him  peculiarly 
acceptable  to  the  casual,  or  the  studious  reader. 
This  faculty,  so  requisite  in  setting  forth  many 
erraver  and  less  attractive  subjects,  lends  additional 
charms  to  one  always  fascinating. — Boston  Med. 
and  Surg.  Journal,  Sept.  1856. 

The  most  complete  and  satisfactory  system  of 
Physiology  in  the  English  language. — Amer.Med. 
Journal . 


The  present  edition  the  author  has  made  a  perfect 
mirror  of  the  science  as  it  is  at  the  present  hour. 
As  a  work  upon  physiology  proper,  the  science  of 
the  functions  performed  by  the  body,  the  student  will 
find  it  all  he  wishes. — Nashville  Journ.  of  Med. 
Sept.  1856. 

That  he  has  succeeded,  most  admirably  succeeded 
in  his  purpose,  is  apparent  from  the  appearance  of 
an  eighth  edition.  It  is  now  the  great  encyclopaedia 
on  the  subject,  and  worthy  of  a  place  in  every  phy- 
sician's library. —  Western  Lancet,  Sept.  1S56. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Now  Beady.) 

GENERAL    THERAPEUTICS    AND    MATERIA  MEDICA;   adapted  for  a 

Medical  Text-book.  With  Indexes  of  Remedies  and  of  Diseases  and  their  Remedies.  Sixth 
Edition,  revised  and  improved.  With  one  hundred  and  ninety-three  illustrations.  In  two  large 
and  handsomely  printed  octavo  vols.,  leather,  of  about  1100  pages.    $6  00. 

From  the  Aiithor's  Preface. 

"  Another  edition  of  this  work  being  called  for,  the  author  has  subjected  it  to  a  thorough  and  careful 
revision.  It  has  been  gratifying  to  him  that  it  has  been  found  so  extensively  useful  by  those  for  whom 
it  was  especially  intended,  as  to  require  \.\^^X■a.  sixth  edition  should  be  issued  in  so  short  a  time  afier 
the  publication  of  a  fifth.  Grateful  for  the  favorable  reception  of  the  work  by  the  profession,  he  has 
bestowed  on  the  preparation  of  the  present  edition  all  those  cares  which  were  demanded  by  the 
former  editions,  and  has  spared  no  pains  to  render  it  a  faithful  epitome  of  General  Therapeutics 
and  Materia  Medica.  The  copious  Indexes  of  Remedies  and  of  Diseases  and  their  Remedies  can- 
not fail,  the  author  conceives,  to  add  materially  to  the  value  of  the  work." 

This  work  is  too  widely  and  too  favorably  known  to  require  more  tiian  the  assurance  that  the 
author  has  revised  it  with  his  customary  industry,  introducing  whatever  has  been  found  necessary 
to  bring  it  on  a  level  with  the  most  advanced  condition  of  the  subject.  The  number  of  illustrations 
has  been  somewhat  enlarged,  and  the  mechanical  execution  of  the  volumes  will  be  found  to  have 
undergone  a  decided  improvement. 


In  announcing  a  new  edition  of  Dr.  Dunglison's 
General  Therapeutics  and  Materia  Medica,  we  have 
no  words  of  commendation  to  bestow  upon  a  work 
whose  merits  have  been  heretofore  so  often  and  so 
justly  extolled.  It  must  not  be  supposed,  however, 
that  the  present  is  a  mere  reprint  of  the  previous 
edition;  the  character  of  the  author  for  laborious 
research,  judicious  analysis,  and  clearness  of  ex- 
pression, is  fully  sustained  by  the  numerous  addi- 
tions he  has  made  to  the  work,  and  the  careful  re- 
vision to  which  he  has  subjected  the  whole. — N.  A. 
Medico-Chir.  Review,  Jan.  1858. 


The  work  will,  we  have  little  doubt,  be  bought 
and  read  by  the  majority  of  medical  students;  its 
size,  arrangement,  and  reliability  recommend  it  to 
all;  no  one,  we  venture  to  predict,  will  study  it 
without  profit,  and  there  are  few  to  whom  it  will 
not  be  in  some  measure  useful  as  a  v/ork  of  refer- 
ence. The  young  practitioner,  more  especially,  will 
find  the  copious  indexes  appendtd  to  this  edition  of 
great  assistance  in  the  selection  and  preparation  of 
suitable  formulae. — Charleston  Med.  Journ.  and  Re- 
view, Jan.  1858. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (A  new  Edition.) 

NEW  REMEDIES,  WITH  FORMULA  FOR  THEIR  PREPARATION  AND 

ADMINISTRATION.     Seventh  edition,  with  extensive  Additions.     In  one  very  large  octavo 
volume,  leather,  of  770  pages.     $3  75. 

Another  edition  of  the  "  New  Remedies"  having  been  called  for,  the  author  has  endeavored  to 
add  everything  of  moment  that  has  appeared  since  the  publication  of  the  last  edition. 

The  articles  treated  of  in  the  former  editions  will  be  found  to  have  undergone  considerable  ex- 
pansion in  this,  in  order  that  the  author  might  be  enabled  to  introduce,  as  far  as  practicable,  the 
results  of  the  subsequent  experience  of  others,  as  well  as  of  his  own  observation  and  reflection  ; 
and  to  make  the  work  still  more  deserving  of  the  extended  circulation  with  which  the  preceding 
editions  have  been  favored  by  the  profession.  By  an  enlargement  of  the  page,  the  numerous  addi- 
tions have  been  incorporated  without  greatly  increasing  the  bulk  of  the  volume. — Preface. 

One  of  the  most  useful  of  the  author's  works. — 
Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 
This   elaborate    and    useful    volume    should    be 


found  in  every  medical  library,  for  as  a  book  of  re- 
ference, for  physicians,  it  is  unsurpassed  by  any 
other  work  in  existence,  and  the  double  index  for 
diseases  and  for  remedies,  will  be  found  greatly  to 
enhance  its  value. — New  York  Med.  Gazette. 


The  great  learning  of  the  author,  and  his  remark- 
able industry  in  pushing  his  researches  into  every 
source  whence  information  is  derivable, have  enabled 
him  to  throw  together  an  extensive  mass  of  facts 
and  statements,  accompanied  by  full  reference  to 
authorities;  which  last  feature  renders  the  work 
practically  valuable  to  investigators  who  desire  te 
examine  the  original  papers. — The  American  Journal 
of  Pharmacy. 


14 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


ERJCHSEN    (JOHN), 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  Unjversity  College,  London,  &c. 

THE  SCIENCE  AND  ART  OF  SURGERY;  being  a  Treatise  on  Surgical 

Injuries,  Diseases,  and  Operations.    New  and  improved  American,  from  the  second  enlargred 

and  carefully  revised  London  edition.     Illustrated  wilh  over  four  hundred  engravings  on  wood. 

In   one  large  and  handsome  ontavo  volume,  of  one  thousand  closely  printed  pages,   leather, 

raised  bands.     $4  50.     {Now  Ready,  Januarj'-,  1859.) 

The  very  distinguished  favor  with  which  this  work  has  been  received  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlan- 
tic has  stimulated  the  author  to  render  it  even  more  worthy  of  the  position  which  it  has  so  rapidly 
attained  as  a  standard  authority.  Every  portion  has  been  carefully  revised,  numerous  additions 
have  been  made,  and  the  most  watchful  care  has  been  exercised  to  render  it  a  complete  exponent 
of  the  most  advanced  condition  of  surgical  science.  In  this  manner  the  work  has  been  enlarged  by 
about  a  hundred  pages,  while  the  series  of  engravings  has  been  increased  by  more  than  a  hundred, 
rendering  it  one  of  the  most  thoroughly  illustrated  volumes  before  the  profession.  The  additions  oi 
the  author  having  rendered  unnecessary  most  of  the  notes  of  the  former  American  editor,  but  little 
has  been  added  in  this  country;  some  few  notes  and  occasional  illustrations  have,  however,  been 
introduced  to  elucidate  American  modes  of  practice. 

It  is,  in  our  humble  judgment,  decidedly  the  best  I  rarely  encounter  eases  requiring  surgical  manage- 
biok  of  the  kind  in  the  English  language.    Strange  ;  merit.— Stethoscope. 
tliat  jusi  such  books  are  notoflener  produced  by  pub- 
lic teach-rs  of  sur-ery  in  this  cou.ury  and  Great  ,  ^^1  domain,  and  each  dmsion  of  iuself  almost  eom- 
Bntaiii     Indeed,  n  is  a  mailer  of  great  astonishment. 


Embracing,  as  will  be  perceived,  the  whole  surgi- 
il  domain,  and  each  division  of  iuself  almost  com- 
plete and  perfect,  each  chapter  full  and  explicit,  each 


proximaies  to  the  fulfilment  of  the  peculiar  wants  of  | 
young  men  just  entering  upon  the  siudy  of  thi.s  branch 
of  the  profession. —  Western  Jour  .of  Med.  an'i  Surgery. 
Its  value  is  greatly  enhanced  by  a  very  copious 
well.arranffed  index.  'We  regard  this  as  one  of  the 
most  valualile  contributions  to  modem  surgery.  To 
one  entering  his  novitiate  o{  practice,  we  regard  it  1 
the  most  serviceable  guide  which  he  can  consult.  He  I 
will  find  a  fulness  of  detail  leadinghim  through  every 
step  of  the  operation,  and  not  deserting  him  until  the 
final  issue  of  t))e  case  is  decided.  For  the  same  rea-  We  are  acquainted  with  no  other  work  wherein 
son  ■we  recommend  il  to  those  whose  routine  of  prac-  I  so  much  good  sense,  sound  principle,  and  practical 
tice  lies  in  such  parts  of  the  country  that  they  must  i  inferences,  stamp  every  page. — American  Lancet. 


bject, 
with  great  pleasure  we  add   it   to  our  text-books. — 
Nashville  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery . 

Prof  Erichsen's  work,  for  its  size,  has  not  been 
surpassed  ;  his  nine  hundred  and  eight  pages,  pro- 
fusely illustrated,  are  rich  in  physiological,  patholo- 
gical, and  operative  suggestions,  doctrines,  details, 
and  processes  ;  and  will  prove  a  reliable  resource 
for  information,  both  to  physician  and  surgeon,  in  th  e 
hour  of  peril. — JV.  0.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


ELLIS  (BENJAMIN),  M.D. 
THE   MEDICAL   FORMULARY :   being  a  Collection  of  Prescriptions,  derived 

from  the  writings  and  practice  of  many  of  the  most  eminent  physicians  of  America  and  Europe. 
Together  with  the  usual  Dietetic  Preparations  and  Antidotes  for  Poisons.  To  which  is  added 
an  Appendix,  on  the  Endermic  use  of  Medicines,  and  on  the  use  of  Ether  and  Chloroform.  The 
whole  accompanied  with  a  few  brief  Pharmaceutic  and  Medical  Observations.  Tenth  edition, 
revised  and  much  extended  by  Robert  P.  Thomas,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  in  the 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.     In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  296  pages.    $1  75. 


FOWNES  (GEORGE),   PH.  D.,  &c. 
ELEMENTARY    CHEMISTRY;    Theoretical  and  Practical.     With  mimerous 

illustrations.     Edited,  with  Additions,  by  Robert  Bridges,  M.  D.     In  one  large  royal  12mo. 
volume,  of  over  650  pages,  with  181  wood-cuts.     In  leather,  $1  50;  extra  cloth,  SI  35. 


We  know  of  no  better  text-t)Ook,  especially  in  the 
difficult  department  of  organic  chemistry,  upon 
v/hich  it  is  particularly  full  and  satisfactory.  We 
would  recommend  it  to  preceptors  as  a  capital 
"  office  book"  for  their  students  who  are  beginners 
in  Chemistry.  It  is  copiously  illustrated  with  ex- 
cellent wood-cuts,  and  altogether  admirably  "got 
up." — N.  J.  Medical  Reporter. 

A  standard  manual,  which  has  long  enjoyed  the 
reputation  of  embodying  much  knowledge  in  a  small 
space.  The  author  hasachieved  the  difficult  task  of 
condensation  with  masterly  tact.  His  book  is  con- 
cise without  being  dry,  and  brief  without  being  too 
dogmatical  or  general. —  Virginia  Med.  and  Surgical 
Journal. 


The  work  of  Dr.  Fownes  has  long  been  before 
the  public,  and  its  merits  have  been  fully  appreci- 
ated as  the  best  text-book  on  chemistry  now  in 
existence.  We  do  not,  of  course,  place  it  in  a  rank 
superior  to  the  works  of  Brande,  Graham,  Turner, 
Gregory,  or  Gmelin,  but  we  say  that,  as  a  work 
for  students,  it  is  preferable  to  any  of  them. — Lon- 
don Journal  of  Medicine. 

A  work  well  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  student 
It  is  an  excellent  exposition  of  the  chief  doctrines 
and  facts  of  modern  chemistry.  Thesizeof  the  work, 
and  still  more  the  condensed  yet  perspicuous  style 
in  which  it  is  written,  absolve  it  from  the  charges 
very  properly  urged  against  most  manuals  termed 
popular. — Edinburgh  Journal  of  Medical  Science. 


FISKE  FUND  PRIZE  ESSAYS. 
THE  EFFECTS  OF  CLIM/VTE  ON  TUBERCULOUS  DISEASE.    By  Edwin 

Lee,  M.  R.  C.  S.,  London,  and  THE  INFLUENCE  OF  PREGNANCY  ON  THE  DEVELOP- 
MENT OF  TUBERCLES.  By  Edward  Warren,  M.  D.,  of  Edenton,  N.  C.  Together  in 
one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.     $1  GO.     (Jitst  Ready.) 


FERGUSSON   (WILLIAM),  F.R.S., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  King's  College,  London,  &c. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  PRACTICAL  SURGERY.     Fourth  American,  from  the  third 

and  enlarged  London  edition.     In  one  large  and  beautifully  printed  octavo  volume,  of  about  700 

pages,  with  393  handsome  illustrations,  leather.     $3  00. 

No  work  was  ever   written  which  more  nearly  I      The  addition  of  many  ne-w  pages  makes  this  work 
comprehended  the   necessities  of    the   student  and  |  more  than  ever  indispensable  to  the  student  and  prac- 
practitioner,  and  was   more  carefully  arranged   to     titioner. — Ranking' s  Abstract. 
that  single  purpose  than  this. — N.  Y.  Med.  Journal.  \ 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS 


15 


FLINT  (AUSTIN),  M.   D., 

Professor  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Louisville,  &e. 
(An  Important  New  Work.') 

PHYSICAL  EXPLORATION  AND  DIAGNOSIS  OP  DISEASES  AFFECT- 
ING THE  RESPIRATORY  ORGANS.      In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra 

cloth,  636  pages.     $3  00. 


We  can  only  state  our  general  impression  of  the 
high  value  of  this  work,  and  cordially  recommend 
it  to  all.  We  regard  it,  in  point  both  of  irrangement 
and  of  the  marked  ability  of  its  treatment  of  the  sub- 
jects, as  destined  to  take  the  first  rank  in  works  of 
this  class.  So  far  as  our  information  extends,  it  has 
at  present  no  equal.  To  the  practitioner,  as  well  as 
the  student,  it  will  be  invaluable  in  clearing  up  the 
diagnosis  of  doubtful  cases,  and  in  shedding  light 
upon  difficult  phenomena. — Buffalo  Med.  Journal. 

This  is  the  most  elaborate  w^ork  devoted  exclu- 
sively to  the  physical  exploration  of  diseases  of  the 


lungs,  with  w^hich  we  are  acquainted  in  the  English 
language. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

4  work  of  original  observation  of  the  highest  merit. 
We  recommend  the  treatise  to  every  one  who  wishes 
to  become  a  correct  auscultator.  Based  to  a  very- 
large  extent  upon  cases  numerically  examined,  it 
carries  the  evidtnce  of  careful  stud>  and  discrimina- 
tion upon  every  pase.  It  does  credit  to  the  author, 
and,  through  him,  to  the  profession  in  this  country. 
It  is,  what  we  cannot  call  every  book  upon  auscul- 
tation, a  readable  book. — Am.  Jour.  Med.  Sciences. 


NOW  COMPLETE, 

GRAHAM   (THOMAS),   F.  R.  S., 

THE  ELEMENTS   OF   INORGANIC   CHEMISTRY,  including  the  Applica- 

tions  of  the  Science  in  the  Arts.  New  and  much  enlarged  edition,  by  Henry  Watts  and  Robert 
Bridges,  M.  D.  Complete  in  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  over  800  very  large 
pages,  with  two  hundred  and  thirty-two  wood-cuts,  extra  cloth,     $4  00. 

,)j:*^  Part  II.,  completing  the  work  from  p.  431  to  end,  with  Index,  Title  Matter,  &c.,  may  be 
had  separate,  cloth  backs  and  paper  sides.     Price  $2  50. 

The  long  delay  which  has  intervened  since  the  appearance  of  the  first  portion  of  this  work,  has 
rendered  necessary  an  Appendix,  embodying  the  numerous  and  important  fnvestigations  and  dis- 
coveries of  the  last  feAV  years  in  the  subjects  contained  in  Part  I.  This  occupies  a  large  portion 
of  Part  II.,  and  will  be  found  to  present  a  complete  abstract  of  the  most  recent  researches  in  the 
general  principles  of  the  science,  as  well  as  all  details  necessary  to  bring  the  whole  work  thoroughly 
up  to  the  present  time  in  all  departments  of  Inorganic  Chemistry. 

Gentlemen  desirous  of  completing  their  copies  of  the  work  are  requested  to  apply  for  Part  II. 
without  delay.     It  will  be  sent  by  mail,  prepaid,  on  receipt  of  the  amount,  $2  50. 

From  Pro/.  WolcoH  G-ihbs,  N.  Y.  Free  Academy., 


It  is  a  very  acceptable  addition  to  the  library  of 
standard  books  of  every  chemical  student.  No  reader 
of  English  works  on  this  science  can  afford  to  be 
without  this  edition  of  Prof.  Graham's  Elements. — 
Siiliman's  JoMrnaZ,  March,  1858. 

From  Prof.  J.  L.  Craiocour,  New  Orleans  School 
of  Medicine,  May  9,  1858. 
It  is  beyond  all  queetirn  the  best  systematic  work 
on  Chemistry  in  the  English  language,  and  I  am 
gratified  to  find  that  an  American  edition  at  a  mo- 
derate price  has  been  issued,  so  as  to  place  it  within 
the  means  of  students.  It  will  be  the  only  text-book 
I  shall  now  recommend  to  my  class. 


May  25,  1858. 

The  work  is  an  admirable  one  in  all  respects,  and 

its  republication  here  cannot  fail  to  exert  a  positive 

influence  upon  the  progress  of  science  in  this  country. 

From.  Prof.  E.  N.  Horsford.  Harvard  College,  April 
27,  1858. 

It  has,  in  its  earlier  and  less  perfect  editions,  been 
famil'ar  to  me,  and  the  excellence  of  its  plan  and 
the  clearness  and  completeness  of  its  discussions, 
have  long  been  my  admiration. 


GRIFFITH  (ROBERT   E.),   M.  D.,  &c. 
A  UNIVERSAL  FORMULARY,  containing  the  methods  of  Preparing  and  Ad- 

ministering  Officinal  and  other  Medicines.  The  whole  adapted  to  Physicians  and  Pharmaceu- 
tists. Second  Edition,  thoroughly  revised,  with  numerous  additions,  by  Robert  P.  Thomas, 
M,  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  in  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  In  one  large  and 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  650  pages,  double  columns.  $3  00;  or  bound  in  sheep, 
$3  25. 

nistering  medicines  that  can  be  desired  by  the  phy? i- 
cian  and  pharmaceutist. —  Western  Lancet. 

The  amouniof  useful,  every-day  matter,  for  a  prac- 
ticing physician,  is  really  immense. — Boston  Mud. 
and  Surg.  Journal. 

We  predict  a  great  sale  for  this  work,  and  we  espe- 
ciallv  recommend  it  to  all  medical  teachers. — Rich- 
mond Stethoscope. 

This  edition  of  Dr.  Griffith's  work  has  been  greatly 
improved  by  the  revision  and  ample  additions  of  Dr. 
Thomas,  and  is  now,  we  believe,  one  of  the  most 
complete  works  of  its  kind  in  any  language..  The 
additions  amount  to  about  seventy  pages,  and  no 
effort  has  been  spared  to  include  in  them  all  the  re- 
cent improvemenls  which  have  been  published  in 
medical  journals,  and  systematic  treatises.  A  work 
of  this  kind  appears  to  us  indispensable  to  the  physi- 
cian, and  there  i.i  none  we  can  more  cordially  recom- 
mend.—  N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


It  was  a  work  requiring  much  perseverance,  and 
when  published  vi'as  looked  upon  as  by  far  the  best 
work  of  its  kind  that  had  issued  from  the  American 
press.  Prof  Thomas  has  certainly  "  improved,"  as 
well  as  added  lolhis  Formulary,  and  has  rendered  it 
additionally  deserving  of  the  confidence  of  pharma- 
ceutists and  physicians. — Am.  Journal  of  Pharmacy. 

We  are  happy  to  announce  a  new  and  improved 
edition  of  this,  one  of  the  most  valuable  and  useful 
works  that  have  emanated  from  an  American  pen. 
It  would  do  credit  to  any  country,  and  will  be  found 
of  daily  usefulness  to  practitioners  of  medicine;  it  is 
better  adapted  to  their  purposes  than  the  dispensalo 
ries. — Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

It  is  one  of  the  most  useful  books  a  country  practi- 
tioner can  possibly  have  in  his  possession. — Medical 
Chronicle. 

This  is  a  work  of  six  hundred  and  fifty  one  pages, 
embracing  all  on  the  subject  of  preparing  and  admi- 


GLUGE  (GOTTLIEB),   M.  D., 

Professor  of  Physiology  and  Pathological  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Brussels,  &c. 

AN  ATLAS   OF   PATHOLOCxICAL   HISTOLOGY.     Translated,  with  Notes 

and  Additions,  by  Joseph  Leidy,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia. In  one  volume,  very  large  imperial  quarto,  extra  cloth,  with  320  figures,  plain  and  colored, 
on  twelve  copperplates.     $5  00. 


16 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S   MEDICAL 


GROSS  (SAMUEL  D.),   M.  D,, 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  &o. 

New  Edition  (No"w  Ready.) 

ELEMENTS  OF  PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY.     Third  editioa,  thoroughly 

revised  and  greatly  improved.     In  one  large  and  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  witii  about  three 

hundred  and  fifty  beautiful  illustrations,  of  which  a  large  number  are  from  original  drawings. 

Price  in  extra  cloth,  f4  75;  leather,  raised  bands,  $5  25. 

The  very  rapid  advances  in  the  Science  of  Pathological  Anatomy  during  the  last  few  years  have 
rendered  essential  a  thorough  modification  of  this  work,  with  a  view  of  making  it  a  correct  expo- 
nent of  the  present  state  of  the  subject.  The  very  careful  manner  in  which  this  task  has  been 
executed,  and  the  amount  of  alteration  which  it  has  undergone,  have  enabled  the  author  to  say  that 
"  with  the  many  changes  and  improvements  now  introduced,  the  work  may  be  regarded  almost  as 
a  new  treatise,"  while  the  efforts  of  the  author  have  been  seconded  as  regards  the  mechanical 
execution  of  the  volume,  rendering  it  one  of  the  handsomest  productions  of  the  American  press. 
A  very  large  number  of  new  and  beautiful  original  illustrations  have  been  introduced,  and  the  work, 
it  is  hoped,  will  fully  maintain  the  reputation  hitherto  enjoyed  by  it  of  a  complete  and  practical  ex- 
position of  its  difficult  and  important  subject. 


We  most  sincerely  congratulate  the  author  on  the 
successful  manner  in  which  he  has  accomplished  his 
proposed  object.  His  book  is  most  admirably  cal- 
culated to  fill  up  a  blank  which  has  long  been  felt  to 
exist  in  this  department  of  medical  literature,  and 
as  such  must  become  very  widely  circulated  amongst 
all  classes  of  the  profession.  —  Dublin  Quarterly 
Journ.  of  Med.  Science,  Nov.  1857. 


We  have  been  favorably  impressed  with  the  gene- 
ral manner  in  which  Dr.  Gross  has  executed  his  task 
of  affording  a  comprehensive  digest  of  the  present 
state  of  the  literature  of  Pathological  Anatomy,  and 
have  much  pleasure  in  recommending  his  work  to 
our  readers,  as  we  believe  one  well  deserving  ot 
diligent  perusal  and  careful  study. — Montreal  Med. 
Chron.,  Sept.  1857. 


BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

A   PRACTICAL    TREATISE   ON   THE    DISEASES,    INJURIES,  AND 

iVIALFORMATIONS  OF  THE  URINARY  BLADDER,  THE  PROSTATE  GLAND,  AND 
THE  URETHRA.  Second  Edition,  revised  and  much  enlarged,  with  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
four  illustrations.  In  one  large  and  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  over  nine  hundred  pages, 
fn  leather,  raised  bands,  $5  25 ;  extra  cloth,  $4  75. 


A  volume  replete  with  truths  and  principles  of  the 
utmost  value  in  the  investigation  of  these  diseases. — 
American  Medical  Journal . 

On  the  appearance  of  the  first  edition  of  this  work, 
the  leading  English  medical  review  predicted  that  it 
would  have  a  "  permanent  place  in  the  literature  of 
surgery  worthy  to  rank  with  the  best  works  of  the 
present  age."  This  prediction  has  been  amply  ful- 
filled. Dr.  Gross's  treatise  has  been  found  to  sup- 
ply completely  the  want  which  has  been  felt  ever 
since  the  elevation  of  surgery  to  the  rank  of  a  science, 
of  a  good  practical  treatise  on  the  diseases  of  the 
bladder  and  its  accessory  organs.  Philosophical  in 
its  design,  methodical  in  its  arrangement,  ample  and 


sound  in  its  practical  details,  it  may  in  truth  be  said 
to  leave  scarcely  anything  to  be  desired  on  so  im- 
portant a  subject,  and  with  the  additions  and  modi- 
fications resulting  from  future  discoveries  and  im- 
provements, it  w^ill  probably  remain  one  of  the  most 
valuable  works  on  this  subject  so  long  as  the  science 
of  medicine  shall  exist. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal. 

Whoever  will  peruse  the  vast  amount  of  valuable 
practical  information  it  contains,  and  which  we 
have  been  unable  even  to  notice,  will,  we  think, 
agree  with  us,  that  there  is  no  work  in  the  English 
language  which  can  make  any  just  pretensions  to 
be  its  equal. — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  FOREIGN  BODIES  IN  THE  AIR-PAS- 

SAGES.     In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  with  illustrations,    pp.  468.     $2  75. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.      (Ill  preSS.) 

A  SYSTEM  OF  SURGERY  ;  Diagnostic,  Pathological,  Therapeutic,  and  Opera- 
tive.   With  very  numerous  engravings  on  wood.     In  two  large  octavo  volumes. 


GIBSON   (WILLIAM),    M.  D., 

Late  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  &c. 

INSTITUTES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  SURGERY;  being  Outlines  of  a  Course 

of  Lectures.     Eighth  edition,  improved  and  altered.    With  thirty-four  plates.    In  two  handsome 
octavo  volumes,  containing  about  1000  pages,  leather,  rai.sed  bands.    $6  50. 


GRAY  (HENRY),   F.  R.  S., 

Lecturer  on  Anatomy  at  St.  George's  Hospital,  London,  &c. 

ANATOMY,  DESCRIPTIVE  AND   SURGICAL.      The  Drawings  by  H.  V. 

Carter,  M  D.,  late  Demonstrator  on  Anatomy  at  St.  George's  Hospital;  the  Dissections  jointly 

by  the  Author  and  Dr.  Carter.     In  one  magnificent  imperial  octavo  volume,  with  363  large 

and  elaborate  engravings  on  wood.    (At press.) 

The  author  has  endeavored  in  this  work  to  cover  a  more  extended  range  of  subjects  than  is 
cu>tomary  in  the  ordinary  text-books,  by  giving  not  only  the  details  necessary  for  the  student,  but 
also  the  application  of  those  details  ia  the  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery,  thus  rendering  it  not 
cnly  a  guide  for  the  learner,  but  an  admirable  work  of  reference  tor  the  active  practitioner.  The 
engravings  form  a  special  feature  in  the  work,  many  of  them  being  the  size  of  nature,  nearly  all 
original,  and  having  the  names  of  the  various  parts  printed  on  the  body  of  the  cut,  in  place  of  figures 
uf  reference  with  descriptions  at  the  foot.  They  thus  form  a  comple'e  and  splendid  series,  which 
will  greativ  assist  the  student  ia  obtaining  a  clear  idea  of  Anatomy,  and  will  also  serve  to  refresh 
the  memory  of  those  who  may  find  in  the  exigencies  of  practice  the  necessity  of  recalling  the  de- 
tails of  the  dissecting  room. 


GARDNER'S  MEDICAL  CHEMISTRY,  for  the 
use  of  Students  and  the  Profession.  In  one  royal 
lamo.  vol..  ex.  cloth,  pp.  396,  with  illustrations. 
$1  00. 

HUGHES'    CLINICAL    INTRODUCTION    TO 


THE  PRACTICE  OF  AUSCULTATION  AND 
OTHER  MODES  OF  PHYSICAL  DIAGNOSIS, 
IN  DISEASES  OF  THE  LUNGS  AND  HEART. 

Second  American,  from  the  second  London  edition. 
1  vol.  royal  12mo.,  ex.  cloth,  pp.  304.     $1  00. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS. 


17 


HOBLYN  (RICHARD  D.),  M.  D. 
A  DICTIONAKY  OF  THE  TEEMS  USED  IN  MEDICINE  AND  THE 

COLLATERAL  SCIENCES.  A  new  American  edition.  Revised,  with  numerous  Additions, 
by  Isaac  Hays,  M.  D.,  editor  of  the  "  American  Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences."  In  one  large 
royal  12mo.  volume,  leather,  of  over  500  double  columned  pages.     $1  50. 


If  the  frequency  with  which  ^ve  have  referred  to 
this  volume  since  its  reception  from  the  publisher, 
two  or  three  w^eeks  ago,  be  any  criterion  for  the 
future,  the  binding  will  soon  have  to  be  renewed,  even 
with  careful  handling.  We  find  that  Dr.  Hays  has 
done  the  profession  great  service  by  his  careful  and 
industrious  labors.  The  Dictionary  has  thus  become 
eminently  suited  to  our  medical  brethren  in  this 
country.  The  additions  by  Dr.  Hays  are  in  brackets, 
and  we  believe  there  is  not  a  single  page  but  bears 
these  insignia ;  in  every  instance  which  we  have  thus 
far  noticed,  the  additions  are  really  needed  and  ex- 
ceedingly valuable.  We  heartily  commend  the  work 
to  all  who  ■wish  to  be  au  courant  in  medical  termi- 
nology.— Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

To  both  practitioner  and  student,  we  recommend 
this  dictionary  as  being  convenient  in  size,  accurate 
in  definition,  and  sufficiently  full  and  complete  for 
ordinary  consultation.— Charleston  Med.  Journ.  and 
Review. 


Hoblyn  has  always  been  a  favorite  dictionary,  and 
in  its  present  enlarged  and  improved  form  will  give 
greater  satisfaction  than  ever.  The  American  editor, 
Dr.  Hays,  has  made  many  very  valuable  additions. 
— N.J.  Med.  Reporter. 

To  supply  the  want  of  the  medical  reader  arising 
from  this  cause,  we  know  of  no  dictionary  belter 
arranged  and  adapted  than  the  one  bearing  the  above 
title.  It  is  not  encumbered  with  the  obsolete  terms 
of  a  bygone  age,  but  it  contains  all  that  are  now  in 
use ;  embracing  every  department  of  medical  science 
down  to  the  very  latest  date.  The  volume  is  of  a 
convenient  size  to  be  used  by  the  medical  student, 
and  yet  large  enough  to  make  a  respectable  appear- 
ance in  the  library  of  a  physician. — Western  Lancet. 

Hoblyn's  Dictionary  has  long  been  a  favorite  with 
us.  It  is  the  best  book  of  definitions  we  have,  and 
ought  always  to  be  upon  the  student's  table. — 
Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


HUNTER  (JOHN). 
(See  •'  Ricord,"  page  26,  for  Ricord's  edition  of  Hunter  on  Venereal.) 


HOLLAND  (SIR    HENRY),    BART.,    M.D.,F.  R.  S., 

Physician  in  Ordinary  to  the  Queen  of  England,  &c. 

MEDICAL  NOTES  AND  REFLECTIONS.     From  the  third  London  edition. 
In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.    $3  00. 


HABERSHON  (S.  O.),  M.  D., 

Assistant  Physician  to  and  Lecturer  on  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  at  Guy's  Hospital,  &c. 

PATHOLOGICAL   AND   PRACTICAL  OBSERVATIONS  ON  DISEASES 

OF  THE  ALIMENTARY  CANAL,  CESOPHAGUS,  STOMACH,  C^CUM,  AND  INTES- 
TINES. With  illustrations  on  wood.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume.  (PuUishing  in  the 
Medical  News  and  Library  for  1858  and  185y.) 


HORNER  (WILLIAM  E.),  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

SPECIAL   ANATOMY    AND    HISTOLOGY.     Eighth  edition.     Extensively 

revised  and  modified.      In  two  large  octavo  volumes,  extra  cloth,  of  more  than  one  thousand 
pages,  handsomely  printed,  with  over  three  hundred  illustrations.     $6  00. 


ANATOMICAL  ATLAS. 

page  28. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

By  Professors  Horner  and  Smith. 


See  Smith, 


HAMILTON  (FRANK   H.),   M.  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery,  in  Buffalo  Medical  College,  &c. 

A  COMPLETE  TREATISE  ON  FRACTURES  AND  DISLOCATIONS. 

one  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  several  hundred  illustrations.     [Pre-paring.) 


In 


JONES  (T.   WHARTON),   F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Ophthalmic  Medicine  and  Surgery  in  University  College,  London,  &c. 

THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF   OPHTHALMIC    MEDICINE 

AND  SURGERY.  With  one  hundred  and  ten  illustrations.  Second  American  from  the  second 
and  revised  London  edition,  with  additions  b/  Edward  Hartshorne,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  to  Wills' 
Hospital,  &c.     In  one  large,  handsome  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  500  pages.     $1  50. 


We  are  confident  that  the  reader  will  find,  on 
perusal,  that  the  execution  of  the  work  amply  fulfils 
the  promise  of  the  preface,  and  sustains,  in  every 
point,  the  already  high  reputation  of  the  author  as 
an  ophthalmic  surgeon  as  well  as  a  physiologist 
and  pathologist.  The  bonk  is  evidently  the  result 
of  much  labor  and  research,  and  has  been  written 
with  the  greatest  care  and  attention;  it  possesses 
that  best  quality  which  a  general  work,  like  a  sys- 
tem or  manual  can  show,  viz  :  the  quality  of  having 
all  the  materials  whencesoever  derived,  so  thorough- 


ly wrought  up,  and  digested  in  the  author's  mind, 
as  to  come  forth  with  the  freshness  and  impressive- 
ness  of  an  original  production.  We  entertain  little 
doubt  that  this  book  ■will  become  what  its  author 
hoped  it  might  become,  a  manual  for  daily  reference 
and  consultation  by  the  student  and  the  general  prac- 
titioner. The  work  is  marked  by  that  correctness, 
clearness,  and  precision  of  style  which  distinguish 
all  the  productions  of  the  learned  author. — British 
and  For.  Med.  Review. 


18 


BLANCHAKD    &    LEA'S    MEDICALi 


JONES  (C.  HAND  FIELD),  F.  R.  S.,  &  EDWARD   H.  SIEVEKING,   M.D., 

Assistant  Physicians  and  Lecturers  in  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  London. 

A  MANUAL  OF  PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY.     First  American  Edition, 

Revised.     With  three  hundred  and  ninety-seven  handsome  wood  engravings.    In  one  large  and 

beautiful  octavo  volume  of  nearly  750  pages,  leather.     $3  75. 

As  a  concise  text-book,  containing,  in  a  condensed  present  condition  of  pathological  anatomy.  In  this 
form,  a  complete  outline  of  what  is  known  in  the 
domain  of  Pathological  Anatomy,  it  is  perhaps  the 
best  work  in  ihe  English  language.  Its  great  merit 
consists  in  its  completeness  and  brevity,  and  in  this 
respect  it  supplies  a  great  desideratum  in  our  lite- 
rature. Heretofore  the  student  of  pathology  was 
obliged  to  glean  from  a  great  number  of  monographs, 
and  the  field  was  so  extensive  that  but  few  cultivated 
it  with  any  degree  of  success.  As  a  simple  work 
of  reference,  therefore,  it  is  of  great  value  to  the 
student  of  pathological  anatomy,  and  should  be  in 
every  physician's  library. — Western  Lancet. 

In  offering  the  above  titled  work  to  the  public,  the 
authors  have  not  attempted  to  intrude  new  views  on 
their  professional  brethren,  but  simply  to  lay  before 
them,  what  has  long  been  wanted,  an  outline  of  the 


they  have  been  completely  successful.  The  work  is 
one  of  the  best  compilations  which  we  have  ever 
perused. — Charleston  Medical  Journal  and  Review. 

We  urge  upon  our  readers  and  the  profession  gene- 
rally the  importance  of  informing  themselves  in  re- 
gard to  modern  views  of  pathology,  and  recommend 
to  them  to  procure  the  work  before  us  as  the  best 
means  of  obtaining  this  information. — Stethoscope. 

From  the  casual  examination  we  have  given  we 
are  inclined  to  regard  it  as  a  text-book,  plain,  ra- 
tional, and  intelligible,  such  a  book  as  the  practical 
man  needs  for  daily  reference.  For  this  reason  it 
will  be  likely  to  be  largely  useful,  as  it  suits  itself 
to  those  busy  men  who  have  little  time  for  minute 
investigation,  and  prefer  a  summary  to  an  elaborate 
tieatise. — Buffalo  Medical  Journal. 


KIRKES  (WILLIAM   SENHOUSE),   M.  D., 

Demonstrator  of  iVIorbid  Anatomy  at  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  &c. 

A    MANUAL    OF    PHYSIOLOGY.      A  new  American,  from  the   third  and 

improved  London  edition.    With  two  hundred  illustrations.     In  one  large  and  handsome  royal 

12mo.  volume,  leather,     pp.  586.     $2  00.     (Jzist  Issued,  1857.) 

In  again  passing  this  work  through  his  hands,  the  author  has  endeavored  to  render  it  a  correct 
exposition  of  the  present  condition  of  the  science,  making  such  alterations  and  additions  as  have 
been  dictated  by  further  experience,  or  as  the  progress  of  investigation  has  rendered  desirable.  In 
every  point  of  mechanical  execution  the  publishers  have  sought  to  make  it  superior  to  former  edi- 
tions, and  at  the  very  low  price  at  which  it  is  offered,  it  will  be  found  one  of  the  handsomest  and 
cheapest  volumes  before  the  profession. 

In  making  these  improvements,  care  has  been  exercised  not  unduly  to  increase  its  size,  thus 
maintaining  its  distinctive  characteristic  of  presenting  within  a  moderate  compass  a  clear  and  con- 
nected view  of  its  subjects,  sufficient  for  the  wants  of  the  student. 


This  is  a  new  and  very  much  improved  edition  of 
Dr.  Kirkes'  well-known  Handbook  of  Physiology. 
Originally  constructed  on  the  basis  of  the  admirable 
treatise  of  Muller,  it  has  in  successive  editions  de- 
veloped itself  into  an  almost  original  work,  though 
no  change  has  been  made  in  the  plan  or  arrangement. 
It  combines  conciseness  with  completeness,  and  is, 
therefore,  admirably  adapted  for  consultation  by  the 
busy  practitioner. — Dublin  Quarterly  Journal,  Feb. 
1857. 

Its  excellence  is  in  its  compactness,  its  clearness, 
and  its  carefully  cited  authorities.  It  is  the  most 
convenient  of  text-books.  These  gentlemen,  Messrs 
Kirkes  and  Paget,  have  really  an  immense  talent  for 
silence,  which  is  not  so  common  or  so  cheap  as  prat- 
ing people  fancy.  They  have  the  gift  of  telling  us 
what  we  want  to  know,  without  thinking  it  neces- 
sary to  tell  us  all  they  know. — Boston  Med  and 
Surg.  Journal,  May  14,  1857. 


One  of  the  very  best  handbooks  of  Physiology  we 
possess— presenting  just  such  an  outline  of  the  sci- 
ence, comprising  an  account  of  its  leading  facts  and 
generally  admitted  principles,  as  the  student  requires 
during  his  attendance  upon  a  course  of  lectures,  or 
for  reference  whilst  preparing  for  examination. — 
Am.  Medical  Journal . 

We  need  only  say,  that,  without  entering  into  dis- 
cussions of  unsettled  questions,  it  contains  all  the 
recent  improvements  in  this  department  of  medical 
science.  For  the  student  beginning  this  study,  and 
the  practitioner  who  has  but  leisure  to  refresh  his 
memory,  this  book  is  invaluable,  as  it  contains  all 
that  it  is  important  to  know,  without  special  details, 
which  are  read  with  interest  only  by  those  who 
would  make  a  specialty,  or  desire  to  possess  a  criti- 
cal knowledge  of  the  subject. — Charleston  Medical 
Journal. 


KNAPP'S  TECHNOLOGY  ;  or,  Chemistry  applied 
to  the  Arts  and  to  Manufactures.  Edited,  with 
numerous  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Dr.  Edmund 
Ronalds  and  Dr.  Thomas  Richardson.    First 


American  edition,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by 
Prof.  Walter  R.  Johnson.  In  two  handsome 
octavo  volumes,  extra  cloth,  with  about  500  wood- 
engravings.    $6  00. 


LUDLOW  (J.   L.),   M.  D. 
A   MANUAL   OF    EXAMINATIONS   upon   Anatomy,   Physiology,    Surgery, 

Practice  of  Medicine,  Obstetrics,  Materia  Medica,  Chemistry,  Pharmacy,  and  Therapeutics.  To 
which  is  added  a  Medical  Formulary.  Designed  for  Students  of  Medicine  throughout  the  United 
Slates.  Third  edition,  thoroughly  revised  and  greatly  extended  and  enlarged.  With  three 
himdred  and  seventy  illustrations.  In  one  large  and  handsome  royal  12mo.  volume,  leather,  of 
over  800  closely  printed  pages      (Just  Issued.)    $250. 

The  great  popularity  of  this  volume,  and  the  numerous  demands  for  it  during  the  two  years  in  which 
it  has  been  out  of  print,  have  induced  the  author  in  its  revision  to  spare  no  pains  to  render  it  a 
correct  and  accurate  digest  of  the  most  recent  condition  of  all  ihe  branches  of  medical  science.  In 
many  respects  it  may,  therefore,  be  regarded  rather  as  a  new  book  than  a  new  edition,  an  entire 
section  on  Physiology  having  been  added,  as  also  one  on  Organic  Chemistry,  and  many  portions 
having  been  rewritten.  A  very  complete  series  of  illustrations  has  been  introduced,  and  every 
care  has  been  taken  in  the  mechanical  execution  to  render  it  a  convenient  and  satisfactory  book  for 
study  or  reference. 

The  arrangement  of  the  volume  in  the  form  of  question  and  answer  renders  it  especially  suited 
for  the  office  examination  of  students  and  for  those  preparing  for  graduation. 

We  know  nf  no  better  companion  for  the  student  I  crammed  into  his  head  by  the  various  professors  to 
during  the  hours  spent  in  the  lecture  room,  or  to  re-  whom  he  is  compelled  to  listen. — Western  Lancet, 
fresh,  at  a  glance,  his  memory  of  the  various  topics  \  May,  1857. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS.  19 

LEHMANN    (C.  G.) 
PHYSIOLOGICAL    CHEMISTRY.      Translated  from  the  second   edition   by 

George  E.  Day,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  &c.,  edited  by  R.  E.  Rogers,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry 
in  the  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  with  illustrations  selected  from 
Funke's  Atlas  of  Physiological  Chemistry,  and  an  Appendix  of  plates.  Complete  in  two  large 
and  handsome  octavo  volumes,  extra  cloth,  containing  1200  pages,  with  nearly  two  hundred  illus- 
trations.    $6  00. 

This  great  work,  universally  acknowledged  as  the  most  complete  and  authoritative  exposition  ol 
the  principles  and  details  of  Zoochemistry,  in  its  passage  through  the  press,  has  received  from 
Professor  Rogers  such  care  as  was  necessary  to  present  it  in  a  correct  and  reliable  form.  To  such 
a  work  additions  were  deemed  superfluous,  but  several  years  having  elapsed  between  the  appear- 
ance in  Germany  of  the  first  and  last  volume,  the  latter  contained  a  supplement,  embodying  nume- 
rous corrections  and  additions  resulting  from  the  advance  of  the  science.  These  have  all  been  incor- 
porated in  the  text  in  their  appropriate  places,  while  the  subjects  have  been  still  furtner  elucidated  by 
the  insertion  of  illustrations  from  the  Atlas  of  Dr.  Otto  Funke.  "With  the  view  of  supplying  the  student 
with  the  means  of  convenient  comparison,  a  large  number  of  wood-cuts,  from  works  on  kindred 
subjects,  have  also  been  added  in  the  form  of  an  Appendix  of  Plates.  The  work  is,  therefore,  pre- 
sented as  in  every  way  worthy  the  attention  of  all  who  desire  to  be  familiar  with  the  modern  facts 
and  doctrines  of  Physiological  Science. 


it  treats. — Edinburgh  Monthly  Journal  of  Medical 
Science. 

Already  well  known  and  appreciated  by  the  scien- 
tific world.  Professor  Lehmann's  great  work  re- 
quires no  laudatory  sentences,  as,  under  a  new  garb, 
it  is  now  presented  to  us.  The  little  space  at  our 
command  would  ill  suffice  to  set  forth  even  a  small 
portion  of  its  excellences. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal,  Dec.  1855. 


The  most  important  contribution  as  yet  made  to 
Physiological  Chemistry. — Am.  Journal  Med.  Sci- 
ences, Jan.  1856. 

The  present  volumes  belong  to  the  small  class  of 
medical  literature  which  comprises  elaborate  works 
of  the  highest  order  of  merit. — Montreal  Med.  Chron- 
icle, Jan. 1856. 

The  work  of  Lehmann  stands  unrivalled  as  the 
most  comprehensive  book  of  reference  and  informa- 
tion extant  on  every  branch  of  the  subject  on  which 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (Just  Issued.) 

MANUAL  OF  CHEMICAL   PHYSIOLOGY.      Translated  from  the  German, 

with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  J.  Cheston  Morris,  M.  D.,  with  an  Introductory  Essay  on  Vital 
Force,  by  Samuel  Jackson,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  With  illustrations  on  wood.  In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth, 
of  336  pages.    $2  25. 

Fro«i  Prof.  Jarkson^s  Introductory  Essay. 
In  adopting  the  handbook  of  Dr.  Lehmann  as  a  manual  of  Organic  Chemistry  for  the  use  of  the 
students  of  the  University,  and  in  recommending  his  original  work  of  Physiological  Chemistry 
for  their  more  mature  studies,  the  high  value  of  his  researches,  and  the  great  weight  of  his  autho- 
rity in  that  important  department  of  medical  science  are  fully  recognized. 

LAWRENCE  (W.),   F.  R.  S.,  &c. 
A  TREATISE    ON   DISEASES    OF   THE    EYE.     A    new  edition,  edited, 

with  numerous  additions,  and  243  illustrations,  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  to  Will's  Hospi- 
tal, &c.     In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  950  pages,  strongly  bound  in  leather 
with  raised  bands.     $5  00. 
This  admirable  treatise— the  safest  guide  and  most  ]  likely  that  this  great  work  will  cease  to  merit  the 


comprehensive  work  of  reference,  which  is  within 
the  reach  of  the  profession. — Stethoscope. 

This  standard  text-book  on  the  department  of 
which  it  treats,  has  not  been  superseded,  by  any  or 
all   of  the  numerous  publications   on   the  subject 


confidence  and  preference  of  students  or  practition- 
".rs.  Its  ample  extent — nearly  one  thousand  large 
octavo  p.iges— has  enabled  both  author  and  editor  to 
do  justice  to  all  the  details  of  this  subject,  and  con- 
dense in  this  single  volume  the  present  state  of  our 
knowledge  of  the  whole  science  in  this  department, 


heretofore  issued.   Nor  with  the  multiplied  improve-     whereby  its  practical  value  cannot  be  excelled. — N. 
menta  of  Dr.  Hays,  the  American  editor,  is  it  at  all  [  Y.  Med.  Gaz. 


LAYCOCK  (THOMAS),   M .  D,,   F.  R.  S.  E., 

Professor  of  Practical  and  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  &c. 

LECTURES    ON   THE    PRINCIPLES    AND   METHODS    OF    MEDICAL 

OBSERVATION  AND  RESEARCH.     For  the  Use  of  Advanced  Students  and  Junior  Prac- 
titioners.  In  one  very  neat  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth.  Price  $1  00. 


LALLEMAND  AND   WILSON. 
A    PRACTICAL    TREATISE    ON    THE    CAUSES,    SYMPTOMS,    AND 

TREATMENT  OF  SPERMATORRHCEA.     By  M.  Lallemand.     Translated  and  edited  by 

Henry  J   McDougall.     Third  American  edition.     To  which  is  added ON  DISEASES 

OF  THE  VESICUL^  SEMINALES;  and  their  associated  organs.     With  special  refer- 
ence to  the  Morbid  Secretions  of  the  Prostatic  and  Urethral  Mucous  Membrane.     By  Marris 
Wilson,  M.  D.     In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  of  about  400  pp.,  extra  cloth.  $2  00.    (Now  Ready.) 
Although  the  views  of  M.  Lallemand  on  Spermatorrhoea  hsve  unquestionably  exercised  a  very 
great  influence,  and  the  treatment  advocated  by  him  has  beeti  very  generally  adopted,  still,  a  num- 
ber of  years  having  elapsed  since  his  work  was  given  to  the  world,  the  publishers  have  thought  that 
the  value  of  the  present  edition  would  be  enhanced  by  the  addition  of 'he  little  treatis^e  of  Dr. 
Marris  Wilson.     In  it  the  causes  of  the  different  varieties  of  SpermatorrhcEaare  investigated  with 
the  aid  of  modern  pathology,  from  which,  combined  with  the  most  recent  experience  of  the  pro- 
fession, the  attempt  is  made  to  deduce  a  rational  s^-stem  of  curative  treatment.     Whatever  defi- 
ciencies may  have  been  caused  in  the  work  of  M.  Lallemand  by  the  progress  of  medical  science,  will, 
it  is  hoped,  be  in  this  manner  supplied. 


20 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL 


LA   ROCHE   (R.),    M.  D.,  &c. 
YELLOW  FEVEK,  considered  in  its  Historical,  Pathological,  Etiological,  and 

Therapeutical  Relations.  Including  a  Sketch  of  the  Disease  as  it  has  occurred  in  Philadelphia 
from  1699  to  1854,  with  an  examination  of  the  connections  between  it  and  the  fevers  known  under 
the  same  name  in  other  parts  of  temperate  as  well  as  in  tropical  regions.  In  two  large  and 
handsome  octavo  volumes  of  nearly  1500  pages,  extra  cloth.  $7  00. 
From  Professor  S.  H.  Dichson,  Charleston,  S.  C, 
September  18,  1855. 
A  monument  of  intellifcent  and  well  applied  re 
search,  almost  without  example.     It  is,  indeed,  in 


itself,  a  large  library,  and  is  destined  to  constitute 
the  special  resort  as  a  book  of  reference,  in  the 
subject  of  which  it  treats,  to  all  future  time. 


arduous  research  and  careful  study,  and  the  result 
is  such  as  will  reflect  the  highest  honor  upon  the 
author  and  our  country. — Southern  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal . 

The  genius  and  scholarship  of  this  great  physician 
could  not  have  been  better  employed  than  in  the 
erection  of  this  towering  monument  to  his  own  fame, 


We  have  not  time  at  present,  engaged  as  we  are,    and  to  the  glory  of  the  medical  literature  of  his  ow^n 


by  day  and  by  night,  in  the  work  of  combating  this 
very  disease,  now  prevailing  in  our  city,  to  do  more 
than  give  this  cursory  notice  of  what  we  consider 
as  undoubtedly  the  most  able  and  erudite  medical 
publication  our  country  has  yet  produced.  But  in 
view  of  the  startlinj;  fact,  that  this,  the  most  malig- 
nant and  unmanageable  disease  of  modern  times, 
has  for  several  years  been  prevailing  in  our  country 
to  a  greater  extent  than  ever  before;  that  it  is  no 
longer  confined  to  either  large  or  small  cities,  but 
penetrates  country  villages,  plantations,  and  farm- 
houses;  that  it  is  treated  with  scarcely  better  suc- 
cess now  than  thirty'  or  forty  years  ago  ;  that  there 
is  vast  mischief  done  by  ignorant  pretenders  to  know- 
ledge in  regard  to  the  disease,  and  in  view  of  the  pro- 
bability that  a  majority  of  southern  physicians  will 
be  called  upon  to  treat  the  disease,  we  trust  that  this 
able  and  comprehensive  treatise  will  be  very  gene- 
rally read  in  the  south. — Memphis  Med.  Recorder. 
This  is  decidedly  the  great  American  medical  work 
of  the  day — a  full,  complete,  and  systematic  treatise, 
unequalled  by  any  other  upon  the  all-important  sub- 
ject of  Yellow  Fever.  The  laborious,  indefatigable, 
and  learned  author  has  devoted  to  it  many  years  of 


country.  It  is  destined  to  remain  the  great  autho- 
rity upon  the  subject  of  Yellow^  Fever.  The  student 
and  physician  will  find  in  these  volumes  a  risumi 
of  the  sum  total  of  the  knowledge  of  the  world  upon 
the  awful  scourge  which  they  so  elaborately  discuss. 
The  style  is  so  soft  and  so  pure  as  to  refresh  and  in- 
vigorate the  mind  while  absorbing  the  thoughts  of 
the  gifted  author,  while  the  publishers  have  suc- 
ceeded in  bringing  the  externals  into  a  most  felicitous 
harmony  with  the  inspiration  that  dwells  within. 
Take  it  all  in  all,  it  is  a  book  we  have  often  dreamed 
of,  but  dreamed  not  that  it  would  ever  meet  our 
waking  eye  as  a  tangible  reality. — Nashville  Journal 
of  Medicine. 

We  deem  it  fortunate  that  the  splendid  work  of 
Dr.  La  Roche  should  have  been  issued  from  the  press 
at  this  particular  time.  The  want  of  a  reliable  di- 
gest of  all  that  is  known  in  relation  to  this  frightful 
malady  has  long  been  felt — a  want  very  satisfactorily 
met  in  the  work  before  us.  We  deem  it  but  faint 
praise  to  say  that  Dr.  La  Roche  has  succeeded  in 
presenting  the  profession  with  an  able  and  complete 
monograph,  one  which  will  find  its  way  into  every 


well  ordered  library. —  Va.  Stethoscope. 
BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

PNEUMONIA ;  its  Supposed  Connection,  Pathological  and  Etiological,  with  Au- 
tumnal Fevers,  including  an  Inquiry  into  the  Existence  and  Morbid  Agency  of  Malaria.  In  one 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  500  pages.    $3  00. 


MILLER  (HENRY),  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children  in  the  University  of  Louisville. 

PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  OBSTETRICS,  &c. ;  including  the  Treat- 

ment  of  Chronic  Inflammation  of  the  Cervix  and  Body  of  the  Uterus  considered  as  a  frequent 
cause  of  Abortion.  With  about  one  hundred  illustrations  on  wood.  In  one  very  handsome  oc- 
tavo volume,  of  over  600  pages.     {Now  Ready.)     $3  75. 

The  reputation  of  Dr.  Miller  as  an  obstetrician  is  too  widely  spread  to  require  the  attention  of 
the  profession  to  be  specially  called  to  a  volume  containing  the  experience  of  his  long  and  extensive 
practice.  The  very  favorable  reception  accorded  to  his  "  Treatise  on  Human  Parturition,"  issued 
some  years  since,  is  an  earnest  that  the  present  work  will  fulfil  the  author's  intention  of  providing 
within  a  moderate  compass  a  complete  and  trustworthy  text-book  for  the  student,  and  book  of  re- 
ference for  the  practitioner.  Based  to  a  certain  extent  upon  the  former  work,  but  enlarged  to  more 
than  double  its  size,  and  almost  wholly  rewritten,  it  presents,  besides  the  matured  experience  ot 
the  author,  the  most  recent  views  and  investigations  of  modern  obstetric  writers,  such  as  Dubois, 
Cazeaux,  Simpson,  Tyler  Smith,  &c.,  thus  embodying  the  results  not  only  of  the  American, 
but  also  of  the  Paris,  the  London,  and  the  Edinburgh  obstetric  schools.  The  author's  position  for  so 
many  years  as  a  teacher  of  his  favorite  branch,  has  given  him  a  familiarity  with  the  wants  of  stu- 
dents and  a  facility  of  conveying  instruction,  which  cannot  fail  to  render  the  volume  eminently 
adapted  to  its  purposes. 


We  congratulate  the  author  that  the  task  is  done. 
We  congratulate  him  that  he  has  given  to  the  medi- 
cal public  a  work  which  will  secure  for  him  a  high 
and  permanent  position  among  the  standard  autho- 
rities on  the  principles  and  practice  of  obstetrics. 
Congratulations  are  not  less  due  to  the  medical  pro- 
fession of  this  country,  on  the  acquisition  of  a  trea- 
tise embodying  the  results  of  the  studies,  reflections, 
and  experience  of  Prof.  Miller.  Few  men,  if  any, 
in  this  country,  are  more  competent  than  he  to  write 
on  thisdepartment  of  medicine.  Engaged  for  thirty- 
five  years  in  an  extended  practice  of  obstetrics,  for 
many  years  a  teacher  of  this  branch  of  instruction 
in  one  of  the  largest  of  our  institutions,  a  diligent 
student  as  well  as  a  careful  observer,  an  original  and 
independent  thinker,  wedded  to  no  hobbies,  ever 
ready  to  consider  without  prejudice  new  views,  and 
to  adopt  innovations  if  they  are  really  improvements, 
and  withal  a  clear,  agreeable  writer,  a  practical 
treatise  from  his  pen  could  not  fail  to  possess  great 
value.  Returning  to  Prof.  Miller's  work  we  have 
only  to  add  that  we  hope  most  sincerely  it  will  be  in 
the  hands  of  every  reading  and  thinking  practitioner 
of  this  country. — Buffalo  Med  Journal,  Mar.  1858. 


In  fact,  this  volume  must  take  its  place  among  the 
standard  systematic  treatises  on  obstetrics  ;  a  posi- 
tion to  whicli  its  merits  justly  entitle  it.  The  style 
is  such  that  the  descriptions  are  clear,  and  each  sub- 
ject IS  discussed  and  elucidated  with  due  regard  to 
its  practical  bearings,  which  cannot  fail  to  make  it 
acceptable  and  valuable  to  both  students  and  prac- 
titioners. We  cannot,  hoAvever,  close  this  brief 
notice  without  congratulating  the  author  and  the 
profession  on  the  production  of  such  an  excellent 
treatise.  The  author  is  a  western  man  of  whom  we 
feel  proud,  and  we  cannot  but  think  that  his  book 
will  find  many  readers  and  warm  admirers  wherever 
obstetrics  is  taught  and  studied  as  a  science  and  an 
art. — The  Cincinnati  Lancet  and  Observer,  Feb.  1858. 

A  most  respectable  and  valuable  addition  to  our 
home  medical  literature,  and  one  reflecting  credit 
alike  on  the  author  and  the  institution  to  which  he 
is  attached.  The  student  will  find  in  this  work  a 
most  useful  guide  to  his  studies  ;  the  country  prac- 
titioner, rusty  in  his  reading,  can  obtain  from  its 
pages  a  fair  resume  of  the  modern  literature  of  the 
science ;  and  we  hope  to  see  this  American  produc- 
tion generally  consulted  by  the  profession. —  Va. 
Med.  Journal,  Feb.  1858. 


AND    {SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


21 


MEIGS  (CHARLES   D.),  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Obstetrics,  &c.  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

OBSTETRICS:   THE   SCIENCE   AND   THE   AET.     Third  edition,  revised 

and  improved.    With  one  hundred  and  twenty-nine  illustrations.  In  one  beautifully  printed  octavo 

volume,  leather,  of  seven  hundred  and  fifty-two  large  pages.     $3  75. 

The  rapid  demand  for  another  edition  of  this  work  is  a  sufficient  expression  of  the  favorable 
verdict  of  the  profession.  In  thus  preparing  it  a  third  time  for  the  press,  the  author  has  endeavored 
to  render  it  in  every  respect  worthy  of  the  favor  which  it  has  received.  To  accomplish  this  be 
has  thoroughly  revised  it  in  every  part.  Some  portions  have  been  rewritten,  others  added,  new 
illustrations  have  been  in  many  instances  substituted  for  such  as  were  not  deemed  satisfactory, 
while,  by  an  alteration  in  the  typographical  arrangement,  the  size  of  the  work  has  not  been  increased, 
and  the  price  remains  unaltered.  In  its  present  improved  form,  it  is,  therefore,  hoped  that  the  work 
will  continue  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  American  profession  as  a  sound,  practical,  and  extended 
System  of  Midwifery. 


Though  the  work  has  received  only  five  pages  of 
enlargement,  its  chapters  throughout  wear  the  im- 
press of  careful  revision.  Expunging  and  rewriting, 
remodelling  its  sentences,  with  occasional  new  ma- 
terial, all  evince  a  lively  desire  that  it  shall  deserve 
to  be  regarded  as  improved  in  manner  as  well  as 
matter.  In  the  matter,  every  stroke  of  the  pen  has 
increased  the  value  of  the  book,  both  in  expungings 
and  additions  — Western  Lancet,  Jan.  1857. 


The  best  American  work  on  Midwifery  that  is 
accessible  to  the  student  and  practitioner — N.  W. 
Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  Jan.  1657. 

This  is  a  standard  work  by  a  great  American  Ob- 
stetrician. It  is  the  third  and  last  edition,  and,  in 
the  larguage  of  the  preface,  the  author  has  "brought 
the  subject  up  to  the  latest  dates  of  real  improve- 
ment in  our  art  and  Science." — Nashville  Journ.  of 
Med.  and  Surg.,  May,  1857. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.    (^Lately  Issued.) 

WOMAN :  HER  DISEASES  AND  THEIR  REMEDIES.     A  Series  of  Lee 

tures  to  his  Class.     Third  and  Improved  edition.    In  one  large  and  beautifully  printed  octavo 

volume,  leather.        pp.  672.     $3  60. 

The  gratifying  appreciation  of  his  labors,  as  evinced  by  the  exhaustion  of  two  large  impressions 
of  this  work  within  a  few  years,  has  not  been  lost  upon  the  author,  who  has  endeavored  in  every 
way  to  render  it  worthy  of  the  favor  with  which  it  has  been  received.  The  opportunity  thus 
afforded  for  a  second  revision  has  been  improved,  and  the  work  is  now  presented  as  in  every  way 
superior  to  its  predecessors,  additions  and  alterations  having  been  made  whenever  the  advance  of 
science  has  rendered  them  desirable.  The  typographical  execution  of  the  work  will  also  be  found 
to  have  undergone  a  similar  improvement,  and  the  work  is  now  confidently  presented  as  in  every 
way  worthy  the  position  it  has  acquired  as  the  standard  American  text-book  on  the  Diseases  of 
Females. 


It  contains  a  vast  amount  of  practical  knowledge, 
by  one  who  has  accurately  observed  and  retained 
the  experience  of  many  years,  and  who  tells  the  re- 
sult in  a  free,  familiar,  and  pleasant  manner. — Dub- 
lin Qtcarterly  Journal. 

There  is  an  off-hand  fervor,  a  glow,  and  a  warm- 
heartedness infecting  the  effort  of  Dr.  Meigs,  which 
is  entirely  captivating,  and  which  absolutely  hur- 
ries the  reader  through  from  beginning  to  end.  Be- 
sides, the  book  teems  with  solid  instruction,  and 
it  shows  the  very  highest  evidence  of  ability,  viz., 
the  clearness  with  which  the  information  is  pre- 
sented. We  know  of  no  better  test  of  one's  under- 
standing a  subject  than  the  evidence  of  the  power 
of  lucidly  explaining  it.  The  most  elementary,  as 
well  as  the  obscurest  subjects,  under  the  pencil  of 
Prof.  Meigs,  are  isolated  and  made  to  stand  out  in 


such  bold  relief,  as  to  produce  distinct  impressions 
upon  the  mind  and  memory  of  the  reader.  —  Tht 
Charleston  Med.  Journal. 

Professor  Meigs  has  enlarged  and  amended  this 
great  work,  for  such  it  unquestionably  is,  having 
passed  the  ordeal  of  criticism  at  home  and  abroad, 
but  been  improved  thereby  ;  for  in  this  new  edition 
the  author  has  introduced  real  improvements,  and 
increased  the  value  and  utility  of  the  book  im- 
measurably. It  presents  so  many  novel,  bright, 
and  sparkling  thoughts  ;  such  an  exuberance  of  new 
ideas  on  almost  every  page,  that  we  confess  our- 
selves to  have  become  enamored  with  the  book 
and  its  author ;  and  cannot  withhold  our  congratu- 
lations from  our  Philadelphia  confreres,  that  such  a 
teacher  is  in  their  service. — N.  Y.  Med.  Gazette. 


BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 


ON    THE    NATURE,    SIGNS,    AND    TREATMENT    OF    CHILDBED 

FEVER.     In   a  Series  of  Letters  addressed  to  the  Students  of  his  Class.     In  one  handsome 
octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  ol  365  pages.    $2  50. 


The  instructive  and  interesting  author  of  this 
work,  whose  previous  labors  in  the  department  of 
medicine  which  he  so  sedulously  cultivates,  have 
placed  his  countrymen  under  deep  and  abiding  obli- 
gations, again  challenges  their  admiration  in  the 
fresh  and  vigorous,  attractive  and  racy  pages  before 
Us.  It  is  a  delectable  book.  *  *  *  This  treatise 
upon  child-bed  fevers  will  have  an  extensive  sale, 
being  destined,  as  it  deserves,  to  find  a  place  in  the 
library  of  every  practitioner  who  scorns  to  lag  in  the 
rear. — Nashville  Journal  of  Medizine  and  Surgery. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR  ;   WITH  COLORED  PLATES. 

A  TREATISE  ON  ACUTE  AND  CHRONIC  DISEASES  OF  THE  NECK 

OF  THE  UTERUS.     With  numerous  plates,  drawn  and  colored  from  nature  in  the  highest 
style  of  art.     In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.     $4  50. 


This  book  will  add  more  to  his  fame  than  either 
of  those  which  bear  his  name.  Indeed  we  doubt 
whether  any  material  improvement  will  be  made  on 
the  teachings  of  this  volume  for  a  century  to  come, 
since  it  is  so  eminently  practical,  and  based  on  pro- 
found knowledge  of  the  science  and  consummate 
skill  in  the  art  of  healing,  and  ratified  by  an  ample 
and  extensive  experience,  such  as  few  men  have  the 
industry  or  good  fortune  to  acquire. — N.  Y.  Med, 
Gazette. 


MAYNE'S    DISPENSATORY     AND     THERA- i  MALGAIGNE'S  OPERATIVE  SURGERY,  based 


PEUTICAL  REMEMBRANCER.  Comprising 
the  entire  lists  of  Materia  Medica,  with  every 
Practical  Formula  contained  in  the  three  British 
Pharmacopoeias.  Edited,  with  the  addition  of  the 
Formulce  of  the  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia,  by  R.  E. 
Griffith,  M.D.   1 12mo.  vol.  ex.cl.,300pp.  75  c. 


on  Normal  and  Pathological  Anatomy.  Trans- 
lated from  the  French  by  Frederick  Brittan, 
A.  B.,  M.  D.  With  numerous  illustrations  on  wood. 
In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of 
nearly  six  hundred  pages.    $2  25.     • 


22 


BLANCHARD    &   LEA'S    MEDICAL 


MACLISE   (JOSEPH),    SURGEON. 
SUKGICAL  ANATOMY.     Forming  one  volume,   very  large  imperial  quarto. 

With  sixty-eight  larg-e  and  splendid  Plates,  drawn  in  the  best  style  and  beautifully  colored.  Coa- 
taining  one  hundred  and  ninety  Figures,  many  of  them  the  size  of  life.  Together  with  copious 
and  explanatory  letter-press.  Strongly  and  handsomely  bound  in  extra  cloth,  being  one  of  the 
cheapest  and  best  executed  Surgical  works  as  yet  issued  in  this  country.  $11  00. 
*^.*  The  size  of  this  work  prevents  its  transmission  through  the  post-ofRce  as  a  whole,  but  those 
who  desire  to  have  copies  forwarded  by  mail,  can  receive  them  in  five  parts,  done  up  in  stout 
wrappers.     Price  $9  00. 

One  of  the  greatest  artistic  triumphs  of  the  age  |      Of  great  value  to  the  student  engaged  in  dissect- 
in  Surgical  Anatomy. — British  American  Medical  '  ing,  and  to  the  surgeon  at  a  distance  from  the  means 


Journal, 

Too  much  cannot  be  said  in  its  praise;  indeed, 
we  have  not  language  to  do  it  justice. — Ohio  Medi- 
cal and  Surgical  Journal. 

The  most  admirable  surgical  atlas  V7e  have  seen. 
To  the  practitioner  deprived  of  demonstrative  dis- 
sections upon  the  human  subject,  it  is  an  invaluable  '.  profession,  such  a  work  is  almost  indispensable. — 


of  keepmg  up  his  anatomical  knowledge. — Medical 
Times. 

A  work  which  has  no  parallel  in  point  of  accu- 
racy and  cheapness  in  the  English  language. — N.  Y. 
Journal  of  Medicine. 

To  all  engaged  in  the  study  or  practice  of  their 


Dublin  Quarterly  Medical  Journal. 

Country  practitioners  will  find  these  plates  of  im- 
mense value. — N.  Y.  Medical  Gazette. 

We  are  extremely  gratified   to  announce  to  the 
profession  the  completion  of  this  truly  magnificent 
work,  ■which,   as  a  whole,   certainly   stands  unri- 
valled,  both   for  accuracy  of  drawing,   beauty   of 
.         ,  ,  .     .  ^.  ^     ,  coloring,  and  all  the  requisite  explanations  of  the 

Its   plates  can  boast  a  superiority  which  places    subject  in  hand.— TAe   New   Orleans  Medical  and 
tnemalmost  beyond  the  reach  of  competition. — Medi-    Surgical  Journal, 
cal  Examiner.  i 

Every  practitioner,  we  think,  should  have  a  work        This  is  by  far  the  ablest  work  on  Surgical  Ana- 
of  this  kind  within  reach.— So««Aem  Medical  and    tomy   that  has  come  under  our  observation.    We 


companion. — iV.  J.  Medical  Reporter. 

The  most  accurately  engraved  and  beautifully 
colored  plates  we  have  ever  seen  in  an  American 
book — one  of  the  best  and  cheapest  surgical  works 
ever  published. — Buffalo  Medical  Journal. 

It  is  very  rare  that  so  elegantly  printed,  go  well 
illustrated,  and  so  useful  a  work,  is  offered  at  so 
moderate  a  price. — Charleston  Medical  Journal. 


Surgical  Journal. 

No  such  lithographic  illustrations  of  surgical  re- 
gions have  hitherto,  -we  think,  been  given. — Boston 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

As  a  surgical  anatomist,  Mr.  Maclise  has  proba- 


know  of  no  other  work  that  -would  justify  a  stu- 
dent, in  any  degree,  for  neglect  of  actual  dissec- 
tion. In  those  sudden  emergencies  that  so  often 
arise,  and  which  require  the  instantaneous  command 
of  minute  anatomical  kno^vledge,  a  work  of  this  kind 
keeps  the  details  of  the  dissecting-room  perpetually 


bly  no  superior. — British  and  Foreign  Medico-Chi-    fresh  in  the  memory. — The  Western  Journal  of  Medi 
rurgical  Review.  I  cine  and  Surgery. 


The  very  low  price  at  whicli  this  work  is  furnished,  and  the  beanty  of  its  execution, 
reqxiire  an  extended  sale  to  compensate  the  publishers  for  the  heavy  expenses  inctirred. 

MORLAND  (W.  WJ,   M.   D. 

Fellow  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  &c. 

DISEASES  OP  THE  URINAilY  ORGANS;  a  Compendium  of  their  Diagnosis, 

Pathology,  and  Treatment.     With  illustrations.     In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of 

about  600  pages,  extra  cloth.     {Now  ready,  Oct.  1S.5S.)    Price  S3  50. 

This  volume,  it  is  hoped,  will  supply  the  want  of  a  work  presenting  within  convenient  compass 
the  whole  subject  of  the  diseases  to  which  all  the  urinary  organs  are  liable,  with  their  treatment, 
both  medical  and  surgical.  The  aim  of  the  author  has  been  throughout  to  condense  the  results  of 
the  most  recent  investigations  in  a  clear  and  succinct  manner,  omitting  nothing  of  practical  im- 
portance, without,  at  the  same  time,  embarrassing  the  student  with  unnecessary  speculations. 
Various  elaborate  and  important  works  have  recently  appeared  on  different  departments  of  the 
subject,  but  none,  it  is  believed,  which  thoroughly  covers  the  whole  ground  in  the  manner  which 
Dr.  Morland  has  attempted. 


MACKENZIE   (WJ,    M.D., 

Surgeon  Oculist  in  Scotland  in  ordinary  to  Her  Majesty,  &c.  &c. 

A  PRACTICAL   TREATISE  ON    DISEASES   AND  INJURIES  OF   THE 

EYE.  To  which  is  prefixed  an  Anatomical  Introduction  explanatory  of  a  Horizontal  Section  of 
the  Human  Eyeball,  by  Thomas  Whakton  Jones,  F.  R.  S.  From  'the  Fourth  Revised  and  En- 
larged  London  Edition.  With  Notes  and  Additions  by  Addinell  Hewson,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  to 
Wills  Hospital,  &:c.  &c.  In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  raised  bands,  with 
plates  and  numerous  wood-cuts.     $5  25. 

The  treatise  of  Dr.  Alackenzie  indisputably  holds  I  sider  it  the  duty  of  every  one  who  has  the  love  of  his 
the  first  place^,  and  forms,  in  respect  of  learning  and    profession  and  the  welfare  of  his  patient  at  heart,  to 


make  himself  familiar  with  this  the  most  complete 
work  in  the  English  language  upon  the  diseases  of 
the  eye. — Med.  Tiines  and  Gazette. 

The  fourth  edition  of  this  standard  work  w^ill  no 
doubt  be  as  fully  appreciated  as  the  three  former  edi- 


research,  an  Encyclopsedia  unequalled  in  extent  by 
any  other  work  of  the  kind,  either  English  or  foreign. 
— Dixon  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye. 

Few  modern  books  on  any  department  of  medicine 
or  surgery  have  met  with  such  extended  circulation,      .  ,  .     _. 

or  have  procured  for  their  authors  a  like  amount  of  '<  'ions.  It  is  unnecessary  to  say  a  word  m  its  praise, 
European  celebrity.  The  immense  research  which  |  for  the  verdict  has  already  been  passed  upon  it  by 
it  displayed,  the  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  '"^  most  competent  judges,  and  "  Mackenzie  on  the 
subject,  practically  as  well  as  theoretically,  and  the  Eye"  has  justly  obtained  a  reputation  which  it  is 
able  manner  in  which  the  author's  stores  of  learning  i"  figure  of  speech  to  call  world-wide.— SriJisA  and 
and  experience  were  rendered  availablefor  general  ^°''«^Sn  Medico- Chirurgical  Reviero. 
use,  at  once  procured  for  the  first  edition,  as  well  on  |  This  new  edition  cf  Dr.  Mackenzie's  celebrated 
the  continent  as  in  this  country,  that  high  posititm  ,  treatise  on  diseases  of  the  eye,  is  truly  a  miracle  of 
as  a  standard  work  which  each  successive  edition  industry  and  learning.  We  need  scarcely  say  that 
has  more  firmly  established,  in  spite  of  the  attrac-  he  has  entirely  exhausted  the  subject  of  his  specialty. 
tions  of  several  rivals  of  no  mean  ability.    We  con-    — Dublin  Quarterly  Journal. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    P  LT  BL  IC  AT  I  ONS. 


23 


MILLER  (JAMES),   F.  R.  S.  E., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  &c. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  SURGERY.     Fourth  American,  from  the  third  and  revised 

Edinburg^h  edition.    In  one  large  and  very  beautiful  volume,  leather,  of  700  pages,  w^ith  two 
hundred  and  forty  exquisite  illustrations  on  wood.     $3  75. 


The  work  of  Mr.  Miller  is  too  well  and  too  favor- 
ably known  among  us,  as  one  of  our  best  text-books, 
to  render  any  further  notice  of  it  necessary  than  the 
announcement  of  a  new  edition,  the  fourth  in  our 
country,  a  proof  of  its  extensive  circulation  among 
OS.  As  a  concise  and  reliable  exposition  of  the  sci- 
ence of  modern  surgery,  it  stands  deservedly  high — 
we  know  not  its  superior. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal. 

It  presents  the  most  satisfactory  exposition  of  the 
modern  doctrines  of  the  principles  of  surgery  to  be 
found  in  any  volume  in  any  language. — N.  Y.  Journal 
of  Medicine. 

The  work  takes  rank  with  Watson's  Practice  of 


putation,  or  seeks  the  interests  of  his  clients,  can 
acquit  himself  before  his  God  and  the  ■world  without 
making  himself  familiar  with  the  sound  and  philo- 
sophical views  developed  in  the  foregoing  book. — 
New  Orleans  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

Without  doubt  the  ablest  exposition  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  that  branch  of  the  healing  art  in  any  lan- 
guage. This  opinion,  deliberately  formed  after  a 
careful  study  of  the  first  edition,  we  have  had  no 
cause  to  change  on  examining  the  second.  This 
edition  has  undergone  thorough  revision  by  the  au- 
thor; many  expressions  have  been  modified,  and  a 
mass  of  new  matter  introduced.  The  bo(,I:  is  got  up 
^^^^ „„„^„  .„„„   ...,, .„^.„  „  ..  .„^.,..,^  ...     in  the  finest  style,  and  is  an  evidence  of  the  progress 

PhVsrcV  It  cenarnly'does'not'  fali'ijeh'ind^thirgTeat  j  of  typography  in  our  coMRtry.— Charleston  Medical 

work  in  soundness  of  principle  or  depth  of  reason-    Journal  and  Review. 

ing  and  research.    No  physician  who  values  his  re-  I 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Now  Ready.) 

THE   PRACTICE   OF   SURGERY.      Fourth  American  from  the  last  Edin- 
burgh edition.     Revised  by  the  American  editor.     Illustrated  by  three  hundred  and  sixty-four 
engravings  on  wood.     In  one  large  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  nearly  700  pages.     $3  75. 
No  encomium  of  ours  could  add  to  the  popularity  i  his  works,  both  on  the  principles  and  practice  of 
of  iVIiller's  Surgery.     Its  reputation  in  this  country    surgery  have  been  assigned  the  highest  rank.     If  we 
is  unsurpassed  by  that  of  any  other  work,  and,  when  I  were  limited  to  but  one  work  on  surgery,  that  one 
taken  in  connection  with  the  author's  Principles  of  \  should  be  Miller's,  as  we  regard  it  as  superior  to  all 
Surgery.,  constitutes  a  whole,  without  reference  to  |  others. — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 
to  which  no  conscientious  surgeon  would  be  virilling 
practice  his  art. —  Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 
It  is  seldom  that  two  volumes  have  ever  made  so 
profound  an  impression  in  so  short  a  time  as  the 
"Principles"  and   the   "Practice"  of  Surgery  by 
Mr.  Miller — or  so  richly  merited  the  reputation  they 
have  acquired.     The  author  is  an  eminently  sensi- 
ble, practical,  and  well-informed  man,  who  knows 


The  author  has  in  this  and  his  "  Principles,"  pre- 
sented to  the  profession  one  of  the  most  completeand 
reliable  systems  of  Surgery  extant.  His  style  of 
writing  is  original,  impressive,  and  engaging,  ener- 
getic, concise,  and  lucid.  Few  have  the  faculty  of 
condensing  so  much  in  small  space,  and  at  the  same 
time  so  persistently  holding  the  attention.  Whether 
.-,,-.„.,  ,  I  as  a  text-book  for  students  or  a  book  of  reference 

exactly  what  he  is  talking  about  and  exactly  how  to  ,  f^j  practitioners,  it  cannot  be  too  stronglv  recom- 
talk  It.— Kentucky  Medical  Recorder.  |  mended.— Southern  Journal  of  Med.  and  Physical 


By  the  almost  unanimous  voice  of  the  profession,  1  Sciences. 


MONTGOMERY  (W.  F.),    M.  D.,   M.  R.  I.  A.,  &c., 

Professor  of  Midwifery  in  the  King  and  Queen's  College  of  Pliysicians  in  Ireland,  &e. 

AN  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  SIGNS  AND  SYMPTOMS  OF  PREGNANCY. 

With  some  other  Papers  on  Subjects  connected  with  Midwifery.     From  the  second  and  enlarged 
English  edition.     With  two  exquisite  colored   plates,  and  numerous  Mrocd-euts.     In  one  very 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  nearly  600  pages.     (Jzist  Issued,  1857.)     $3  75. 
The  present  edition  of  this  classical  volume  is  fairly  entitled  to  be  regarded  as  a  new  work,' every 
sentence  having  been  carefully  rewritten,  and  the  whole  increased  to  more  than  double  the  original 
size.     The  title  of  the  work  scarcely  does  justice  to  the  extent  and  importance  of  the  topics 
brought  under  consideration,  embracing,  with  the  exception  of  the  operative  procedures  of  mid- 
wifery, almost  everything  connected  with  obstetrics,  either  directly  or  incidentally;  and  there  are 
few  physicians  who  will  not  find  in  its  pages  much  that  will  prove  of  great  interest  and  value  in 
their  daily  practice.     The  special  Essays  on  the  Period  of  Human  Gestation,  the  Signs  of  Delivery, 
and  the  Spontaneous  Amputation  and  other  Lesions  of  the  Foetus  fit  Utero  present  topics  of  the 
highest  interest  fully  treated  and  beautifully  illustrated. 

In  every  point  of  mechanical  execution  the  work  will  be  found  one  of  the  handsomest  yet  issued 
from  the  American  press. 


A  book  unusually  rich  in  practical  suggestions. — 
Am  Journal  Med.  Sciences,  Jan.  1857. 

These  several  subjects  so  interesting  in  them- 
selves, and  so  important,  every  one  of  them,  to  the 
most  delicate  and  precious  of  social  relations,  con- 
trolling often  the  honor  and  domestic  peace  of  a 
family,  the  legitimacy  of  offspring,  or  the  life  of  its 
parent,  are  all  treated  with  an  elegance  of  diction, 
fulness  of  illustrations,  acutenessand  justice  of  rea- 
soning, unparalleled  in  obstetrics,  and  unsurpassed  in 
medicine.  The  reader's  interest  can  never  fliig,  so 
fresh,  and  vigorous,  and  classical  is  our  author's 
style;  and  one  forgets,  in  the  renewed  charm  of 
every  page,  that  it,  and  every  line,  and  every  word 


has  been  weighed  and  reweighed  through  years  of 
preparation  ;  that  this  is  of  all  others  the  book  of 
Obstetric  Law,  on  each  of  its  several  topics  ;  on  all 
points  connected  with  pregnancy,  to  be  everywhere 
received  as  a  manual  of  special  jurisprudence,  at 
once  announcing  fact,  affording  argument,  establish- 
ing precedent,  and  governing  alike  the  juryman,  ad- 
vocate, and  judge.  It  is  not  merely  in  its  legal  re- 
lations that  we  find  this  work  so  interesting.  Hardly 
a  page  but  that  has  its  hints  or  facts  important  to 
the  general  practitioner  ;  and  not  a  chapter  without 
especial  matter  for  the  anatomist,  physiologist,  or 
pathologist. — N.  A.  Med.-Chir.  Review,  March, 
1857. 


MOHR  (FRANCIS),  PH.  D.,  AND   REDWOOD  (TH  EOPH  I  LUS). 
PRACTICAL    PHARMACY.     Comprising  the  Arrangements,  Apparatus,  and 

Manipulations  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Shop  and  Laboratory.  Edited,  with  extensive  Additions, 
by  Prof  William  Procter,  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  In  one  handsomely 
printed  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  570  pages,  with  over  500  engravings  on  wood.     $2  75. 


24 


BLANCHARD    &   LEA'S    MEDICAL 


NEILL  (JOHN),   M.  D., 

Surgeon  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  &c.;  and 

FRANCIS  GURNEY  SMITH,   M.D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College. 

AN  ANALYTICAL  COMPENDIUM  OF  THE  VARIOUS  BRANCHES 

OF  MEDICAL  SCIENCE  ;  for  the  Use  and  Examination  of  Students.    A  new  edition,  revised 
and  improved.    In  one  very  large  and  handsomely  printed  royal  12mo.  volume,  of  about  one 
thousand  pages,  with  374  wood-cuts.     Strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bands.     $3  00. 
The  very  flattering  reception  which  has  been  accorded  to  this  work,  and  the  high  estimate  placed 
upon  it  by  the  profession,  as  evinced  by  the  constant  and  increasing  demand  which  has  rapidly  ex- 
hausted two  large  editions,  have  stimulated  the  authors  to  render  the  volume  in  its  present  revision 
more  worthy  of  the  success  which  has  attended  it.    It  has  accordingly  been  thoroughly  examined, 
and  such  errors  as  had  on  former  occasions  escaped  observation  have  been  corrected,  and  whatever 
additions  were  necessary  to  maintain  it  on  a  level  with  the  advance  of  science  have  been  introduced. 
The  extended  series  of  illustrations  has  been  still  further  increased  and  much  improved,  while,  by 
a  slight  enlargement  of  the  page,  these  various  additions  have  been  incorporated  without  increasing 
the  bulk  of  the  volume. 

The  work  is,  therefore,  again  presented  as  eminently  worthy  of  the  favor  with  which  it  has  hitherto 
been  received.  As  a  book  for  daily  reference  by  the  student  requiring  a  guide  to  his  more  elaborate 
text-books,  as  a  manual  for  preceptors  desiring  to  stimulate  their  students  by  frequent  and  accurate 
examination,  or  as  a  source  from  which  the  practitioners  of  older  date  may  easily  and  cheaply  acquire 
a  knowledge  of  the  changes  and  improvement  in  professional  science,  its  reputation  is  permanently 
established. 


The  best  work  of  the  kind  with  which  we  are 
acquainted. — Med.  Examiner. 

Having  made  free  use  of  this  volume  in  our  ex- 
aminations of  pupils,  we  can  speak  from  experi- 
ence in  recommending  it  as  an  admirable  compend 
for  students,  and  as  especially  useful  to  preceptors 
who  examine  their  pupils.  It  will  save  the  teacher 
much  labor  by  enabling  him  readily  to  recall  all  of 
the  points  upon  which  his  pupils  should  be  ex- 
amined. A  work  of  this  sort  should  be  in  the  hands 
of  every  one  who  takes  pupils  into  his  office  with  a 
view  of  examining  them;  and  this  is  unquestionably 
the  best  of  its  class. — Transylvania  Med.  Journal. 

In  the  rapid  course  of  lectures,  where  work  for 


the  students  is  heavy,  and  review  necessary  for  an 
examination,  a  compend  is  not  only  valuable,  but 
it  is  almost  a  sine  qua  non.  The  one  before  us  is, 
in  most  of  the  divisions,  the  most  unexceptionable 
of  all  books  of  the  kind  that  we  know  of.  The 
newest  and  soundest  doctrines  and  the  latest  im- 
provements and  discoveries  are  explicitly,  though 
concisely,  laid  before  the  student.  There  is  a  class 
to  whom  we  very  sincerely  commend  this  cheap  book 
as  worth  its  weight  in  silver — that  class  is  the  gradu- 
ates in  medicine  of  more  than  ten  years'  standing, 
who  have  not  studied  medicine  since.  They  will 
perhaps  find  out  from  it  that  the  science  is  not  exactly 
now  what  it  was  when  they  left  it  off. — The  Stetho- 
scope 


NEILL   (JOHN),    M.  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  &c. 

OUTLINES  OF  THE  VEINS  AND  LYMPHATICS.     With  handsome  colored 

plates.     1  vol.,  cloth.  $1  25. 

OUTLINES  OF  THE  NERVES.     With  handsome  plates.     1  vol.,  cloth.  $1  25. 


NELIGAN  (J.    MOpRE),  M.  D.,  M.  R.  I.  A.,  &c. 

(A  splendid  work.     Just  Issued.) 

ATLAS  OF  CUTANEOUS  DISEASES.     In  one  beautiful  quarto  volume,  extra 

cloth,  with  splendid  colored  plates,  presenting  nearly  one  hundred  elaborate  representations  of 

disease.     $4  50. 

This  beautiful  volume  is  intended  as  a  complete  and  accurate  representation  of  all  the  varieties 
of  Diseases  of  the  Skin.  While  it  can  be  consulted  in  conjunction  with  any  work  on  Practice,  it  has 
especial  reference  to  the  author's  "  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Skin,"  so  favorably  received  by  the 
profession  some  years  since.  The  publishers  feel  justified  in  saying  that  few  more  beautifully  exe- 
cuted plates  have  ever  been  presented  to  the  profession  of  this  country. 

A  compend  virhich  will  very  much  aid  the  practi- 
tioner in  this  difficult  branch  of  diagnosis.  Taken 
with  the  beautiful  plates  of  the  Atlas,  which  are 
remarkable  for  their  accuracy  and  beauty  of  color- 
ing, it  constitutes  a  very  valuable  addition  to  the 
library  of  a  practical  ma.D..—  Buffalo  Med.  Journal, 
Sept.  1856. 

Nothing  is  often  more  difficult  than  the  diagnosis 
of  disease  of  the  skin ;  and  hitherto,  the  only  works 
containing  illustrations  have  been  at  rather  incon- 
venient prices — prices,  indeed,  that  prevented  gene- 
ral use.  The  work  before  us  will  supply  a  want 
long  felt,  and  minister  to  a  more  perfect  acquaintance 
with  the  nature  and  treatment  of  a  very  frequent 
and  troublesome  form  of  disease. —  Ohio  Med.  and 
Surg.  Journal,  July,  1856. 


Neligan's  Atlas  of  Cutaneous  Diseases  supplies  a 


long  existent  desideratum  much  felt  by  the  largest 
class  of  our  profession.  It  presents,  in  quarto  size, 
16  plates,  each  containing  from  3  to  6  figures,  and 
forming  in  all  a  total  of  90  distinct  representations 
of  the  different  species  of  skin  affections,  grouped 
together  in  genera  or  families.  The  illustrations 
have  been  taken  from  nature,  and  have  l]een  copied 
with  such  fidelity  that  they  present  a  strikmg  picture 
of  life;  in  which  the  reduced  scale  aptly  serves  to 
give,  at  a  coup  d'ceil,  the  remarkable  peculiarities 
of  each  individual  variety.  And  while  thus  the  dis 
ease  is  rendered  more  definable,  there  is  yet  no  loss 
of  proportion  incurred  by  the  necessary  concentra- 
tion. Each  figure  is  highly  colored,  and  so  truthful 
has  the  artist  been  that  the  most  fastid  ous  observer 
could  not  justly  take  exception  to  the  correctness  of 
the  execution  of  the  pictures  under  his  scrutiny. — 
Montreal  Med.  Chronicle. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 


A   PRACTICAL  TREATISE   ON   DISEASES   OF  THE   SKIN.     Second 

American  edition.     In  one  neat  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  334  pages.     $1  00. 

B^"  The  two  volumes  wiil  be  sent  by  mail  on  receipt  of  Five  Dollars. 


OWEN  ON  THE  DIFFERENT  FORMS  OF  I 
THE  SKELETON,  AND  OF  THE  TEETH.] 


One  vol.  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,  with  numerous 
illustrationa.    $1  23. 


AND   SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


25 


PEASLEE  (E.  R.),   M.  D., 

Professor  of  Physiology  and  General  Pathology  in  the  New  York  Medical  College. 

HUMAN  HISTOLOGY,  in  its  relations  to  Anatomy,  Physiology,  and  Pathology; 

for  the  use  of  Medical  Students,     With  four  hundred  and  thirty-four  illustrations.     In  one  hand- 
some octavo  volume,  of  over  600  pages.     (Now  Ready,  1858.)     $3  75. 

It  embraces  a  library  upon  the  topics  discussed  i  ceive  this  contribution  to  physiological  science, 
within  itself,  and  is  just  what  the  teacherand  learner  j  "  Not  with  vain  thanks,  but  with  acceptance  boun- 
need.  Another  advantage,  by  no  means  to  be  over-  teous."  We  have  already  paid  it  the  practical 
looked,  everything  of  real  value  in  the  wide  range    compliment   of  making   abundant   use  of  it  in  the 


which  it  embraces,  is  with  great  skill  compressed 
into  an  octavo  volume  of  but  little  more  than  six 
hundred  pages.  AVe  have  not  only  the  whole  sub- 
ject of  Histology,  interesting  in  itself,  ably  and  fully 
discussed,  but  what  is  of  infinitely  greater  interest 
to  the  student,  because  of  greater  practical  value, 
are  its  relations  to  Anatomy,  Physiology,  and  Pa- 
thology, which  are  here  fully  and  satisfactorily  set 
forth.  These  great  supporting  branches  of  practical 
medicine  are  thus  linked  together,  and  while  estab- 
lishing and  illustrating  each  other,  are  interwoven 
into  a  harmonious  whole.  We  conauend  the  work 
to  students  and  physicians  generally.  —  Nashville 
Journ.  of  Med.  and  Surgery,  Dec.  1857. 

It  far  surpasses  our  expectation.    We  never  con- 
ceived the  possibility  of  compressing  so  much  valu- 
able information  into  so  compact  a  form.    We  will  |  March,  1S58 
not  consume  space  with  commendations.    We  re- 


preparation  of  our  lectures,  and  also  of  recommend- 
ing its  further  perusal  most  cordially  to  our  alamni; 
a  recommendation  which  we  now  extend  to  our 
readers. — Memphis  Med.  Recorder,  Jan.  1853. 

We  would  recommend  it  to  the  medical  student 
and  practitioner,  as  containing  a  summary  of  all  that 
is  known  of  the  important  subjects  which  it  treats; 
of  all  that  is  contained  in  the  great  works  of  Simon 
and  Lehmann,  and  the  organic  chemists  in  general. 
Master  this  one  volume,  we  would  say  to  the  mtdical 
student  and  practitioner — master  this  book  and  you 
know  all  that  is  known  of  the  great  fundamental 
principles  of  medicine,  and  we  have  no  hesitation 
in  saying  that  it  is  an  honor  to  the  American  medi- 
cal profession  that  one  of  its  members  should  have 
produced  it. — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal, 


PEREIRA  (JONATHAN),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  AND  L.  S. 
THE    ELEMENTS    OF   MATERIA    MEDICA    AND    THEEAPEUTICS. 

Third  American  edition,  enlarged  and  improved  by  the  author;  including  Notices  of  most  of  the 
Medicinal  Substances  in  use  in  the  civilized  world,  and  forming  an  Eocyelopeedia  of  Materia 
Medica.  Edited,  with  Additions,  by  Joseph  Carson,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and 
Pharmacy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  In  two  very  large  octavo  volumes  of  2100  pages, 
on  small  type,  with  about  500  illustrations  on  stone  and  wood,  strongly  bound  in  leather,  with 
'    raised  bands.     $9  00. 


PARRISH    (EDWARD), 

Lecturer  on  Practical  Pharmacy  and  Materia  Medica  in  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Medicine,  &c. 

AN  INTRODUCTION  TO  PRACTICAL  PHARMACY.     Designed  as  a  Text- 

Book  for  the  Student,  and  as  a  Guide  for  the  Physician  and  Pharmaceutist.  With  many  For- 
mulae and  Prescriptions.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  550  pages,  with  243 
Illustrations.    $2  75. 


A  careful  examination  of  this  work  enables  us  to 
speak  of  it  in  the  highest  terms,  as  being  the  best 
treatise  on  practical  pharmacy  with  which  we  are 
acquainted,  and  an  invaluable  vade-mecum,  not  only 
to  the  apothecary  and  to  those  practitioners  who  are 
accustomed  to  prepare  their  own  medicines,  but  to 
every  medical  man  and  medical  student.  Through- 
out the  work  are  interspersed  valuable  tables,  useful 
formulse,  and  practical  hints,  and  the  whole  is  illus- 
trated by  a  large  number  of  excellent  wood-engrav- 
ings.— Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

This  is  altogether  one  of  the  most  useful  books  we 
have  seen.  It  is  just  what  we  have  long  felt  to  be 
needed  by  apothecaries,  students,  and  practitioners 
of  medicine,  most  of  whom  in  this  country  have  to 
put  up  their  own  prescriptions.  It  bears,  upon  every 
page,  the  impress  of  practical  knowledge,  conveyed 
in  a  plain  common  sense  manner,  and  adapted  to  the 
comprehension  of  all  who  may  read  it.  No  detail 
has  been  omitted,  however  trivial  it  may  seem,  al- 
though really  important  to  the  dispenser  of  medicine. 
— Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

To  both  the  country  practitioner  and  the  city  apo- 
thecary this  work  of  Mr.  Parrish  is  a  godsend.  A 
careful  study  of  its  contents  will  give  the  young 
graduate  a  familiarity  with  the  value  and  mode  of 
administering  his  prescriptions,  which  will  be  of  as 
much  use  to  his  patient  as  to  himself. —  Va.  Med. 
Journal. 

Mr.  Parrish  has  rendered  a  very  acceptable  service 
to  the  practitioner  and  student,  by  furnishing  this 


book,  which  contains  the  leading  facts  and  principles 
of  the  science  of  Pharmacy,  conveniently  arranged 
for  study,  and  with  special  reference  to  those  features 
of  the  subject  which  possess  an  especial  practical  in- 
terest to  the  physician.  It  furnishes  the  student,  at 
the  commencement  of  his  studies,  with  that  infor- 
mation which  is  of  the  greatest  importance  in  ini- 
tiating him  into  the  domain  of  Chemistry  and  Materia 
Medica;  it  familiarizes  him  with  the  compounding 
of  drugs,  and  supplies  those  minutiae  which  but  few 
practitioners  can  impart.  The  junior  practitioner 
will,  also,  find  this  volume  replete  with  instruction. 
— Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review,  Mar.  1856. 

There  is  no  useful  information  in  the  details  of  the 
apothecary's  or  country  physician's  office  conducted 
according  to  science  that  is  omitted.  The  young 
physician  will  find  it  an  encyclopedia  of  indispensa- 
ble medical  knowledge,  from  the  purchase  of  a  spa- 
tula to  the  compounding  of  the  most  learned  pre- 
scriptions. The  woikis  by  the  ablest  pharmaceutist 
in  the  United  States,  and  must  meet  with  an  im- 
mense sale. — Nashville  Journal  of  Medicine.  April, 
1856.  ' 

We  are  glad  to  receive  this  excellent  work.  It 
will  supply  a  want  long  felt  by  the  profession,  and 
especially  by  the  student  of  Pharmacy.  A  large 
majority  of  physicians  are  obliged  to  compound 
their  own  medicines,  and  to  them  a  work  of  this 
kind  is  indispensable. — N.  O.  Medical  ajid  Surgical 
Journal . 


PARKER   (LANGSTON), 

Surgeon  to  the  Queen's  Hospital,  Birmingham. 

THE  MODERN  TREATMENT  OF  SYPHILITIC  DISEASES,  BOTH  PRI- 
MARY AND  SECONDARY;  comprisingtheTreatmentof  Constitutional  and  Confirmed  Syphi- 
lis, by  a  safe  and  successful  method.  With  numerous  Cases,  Formulae,  and  Clinical  Observa- 
tions. From  the  Third  and  entirely  rewritten  London  edition.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume 
extra  cloth,  of  316  pages.    $175. 


26 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


PIRRlE(WlLLrAM),  F.  R.  S.  E., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Aberdeen 

THE    PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  SURGERY     F,1,-f.^  v.     t 

Nhi..,  M  D.,  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Pet.na.  MYdleal  CoUet  luf^eont  the  Pen^^ 
Hospual,  &c.   In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  TSo'paJ-  wi  h  31^6  Hus  rSs' 


We  know  of  no  other  surgical  work  of  a  reason- 
able size,  wherein  there  is  sorauch  theory  and  prac- 
tice, or  where  subjects  are  more  soundly  or  clearlv 
taught. — The  Stethoscope. 

Tliere  is  scarcely  a  disease  of  the  bones  or  soft 
parts,  fracture,  or  dislocation,  that  is  not  illustrated 
by  accurate  wood-engravings.  Then,  again,  every 
instrument  employed  by  the  surgeon  is  thus  repre- 
Bented.    These  engravings  are  not  only  correct,  but 


really  beautiful,  showing  the  astonishing  desree  of 
nerfection  to  which  the  art  of  wood-en?raviL  has 
Tr":  i^h"*"-  ^'"'^'  '^  '^«  wo^^  before  us^,  til 
elaborately  discussed  the  principles  of  surgery  and 
a  sate  and  eifectual  practice  predicated  upon  them 
f/=n%P'ir  ^"--l^Ponthis  subject  heretotl,re  issued 
is  so  full  upon  the  science  of  the  art  of  surgery  — 
Nashville  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 


R.ICORD  (P.),   M.  D.. 
A  TREATISE  ON  THE  VENEREAL  DISEASE     By  John  Hunter  P  R  S 

With  copious  Additions,  by  Ph.  Ricord,  M  D     Tran^laterl  anH  P-.i,t„/^f  .u'Tt      ™    ',.   "  ^-  ^• 
J.  BuMSTKAD.  M.D  ,  Lecturer  on  Venereal  aUheConeS  of  PhvS^^^^^  by  Freeman 

Second  editicn,  revised,  conlaining  a  resn^i  of  Ricorb's  Re^e' x^  ^^^  ^°^^ 

one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  550  pages,  with  eTo-h[nlateril  25     Ar''''''p "   J"" 
December,  1858.)  i^  b'^-j  "ii-u  ejj,a[  piates.    5)>J  ^&,    (A^ow  Ready, 

In  revising  this  work,  the  editor  has  endeavored  to  introduce  whatever  matter  ^f  j^,  .  u 
cent  investigations  of  syphilographers  have  added  to  our  knowledge  of  The  'ubiect  tT''  ""^'^-, 
source  from  which  ihis  has  been  derived  is  the  volume  of  "  f  eou,?Z  ^n  rl  ^'^''J^*=,V  ^^^e  principal 
months  since  by  M.  Ricord,  which  affords  a  Jar^e  amnm  t  .f  nfi  /  Chancre,"  published  a  few 
controverted  points.  In  the  previou"  edilion  M  RTnnH  L^  v  "'^  '°^tructive  material  on  many 
of  the  whole,  ^and  with  the  ma^t^^r  now  n  odi^cfd,  fhe  worktaHrcoTir/'ft ''  "^^^^^  .""^-'^'^^ 
and  experience  more  ihoroughlv  and  completely  than  an voih^r^  The.^uTAl^'^'-'  h.s  views 
of  Mr.  Hunter  is  too  well  known  to  require  prJi'e  Perhans  no  m!^H  i  °f  *^''  °u"°^"^'  ""^^^'-^ 
guage  has  so  ihoroughlv  stood  the  tes^  of  ,fme  or  has  .o'^comnKvl'''°''^'\'^^  ^"»'**^  1^"" 
classic,  and  a  volume  like  the  present,  containing  ?he  united  iXrs  If^he  h  T^  *^\P°''"°'^  °'"  ^ 
difficult  and  important  a  subject,  becomes  inSen«abk  o  a  I  whn  1  ■  ^'=^''  authorities  on  so 
level  with  the  progress  of  medical  science  ^^  *"  ^^^P  themselves  on  a 

va^^jhSf  ,hq;;^r^:i?^^'^^'r^7— -^  l  ''i^:^r^!^'iiz^T''''  ^-'^  ^--'--  -- 


it  must  be  aunii.ied,  what  has  made  the  fonune  of 
the  book,  i?  the  t;  ct  that  it  contains  the  "most  com- 
plete embodiment  of  the  veritable  doctrines  of  the 
Hopital  du  Midi,"  which  has  ever  been  made  public 
The  doctrinal  ideas  of  M.  Ricord.  ideas  which  if  not 
universally  adopted,  are  incontestably  dominant  have 
heretofore  only  been  interpreted  by  more  or  less  skilful 


JO  the  world  ui  a  lucid.:;rd  |;;feeUyynlln;glb^S 
ner  In  conclusion  we  can  say  that  this  is  incon- 
testably the  best  treatise  on  syphilis  with  which  we 
are  acquainted,  and,  as  we  do  not  often  employ  tie 
phrase,  we  may  be  excused  for  expressing  the  hoce 
that  .t  may  find  a  place  in  the  library  of  every  phy- 
sician.-rir^niaAfed.  a7id  Surg.  Journal       ^  ^^ 


EICORD'S  LETTERS  ON  SYPmlS" Vr"a;Xted  ly  W.  R  Lattzmoe.  M  B 

In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  of  270  pages,  extra  cloth.     $2  00.  -i^AlilMORE,  M.  D. 


ROKITANSKY 

Curator  of  the  Imperial  Pathological  Museum 

A    MANUAL    OF  PATHOLOGICAL 

bound  in  two.  extra  cloth,  of  about  1200  pao-es 
KING,  C.  H.  MooEE,  and  G.  E.  Day.     f5  50 
The  profession  is  too  well  acquainted  with  the  re- 
putation of  Rokitansky's  work  to  need  our  assur- 
ance that  this  IS  one  of  the  most  profound,  thorouo-h 
and  valuable  books   ever  issued  from  the  medical  i 
press.     It  is  sui  generis,  and  has  no  standard  of  com- 
parison.    It  is  only  necessary  to  announce  that  it  is 
issued  in  a  form  as  cheap  as  is  compatible  with  its  I 
size  and    preservation,  and    its    sale  follows  as  a  i 
matter  of  course.    No  library  can  be  called  com- 
plete without  It.— Buffalo  Med.  Journal. 

An  attempt  to  give  our  readers  any  adequate  idea 
ol  the  vast  amount  of  instruction  accumulated  in 
these  volumes,  would  be  feeble  and  hopeless  The 
effort  of  the  distinguished  author  to  concentrate 
m  a  small  space  his  great  fund  of  knowled<re   has 


(CARL),    M.  D., 

""^  A  v"I%nA\Sr'^  University  of  Vienna,  &c. 

AxMAlUxMY.     Four   volumes,    octavo. 

Translated  by  W.  E.  Swaine,  Edward  Sieve- 

I  anem^n'?nf  ^''  '«»  ^"^  valuable  truths,  that  any 

attempt  of  a  reviewer  to  epitomize  is  at  once  oara- 

lyzed,  and  must  end  in  a  failure-tTe^erria^c™. 

As  this  rs  the  highest  source  of  knowledge  unon 

'the  important  subject  of  which  it  treats,  no  rea" 
student  can  afford  to  be  without  it.  The  American 
?he  nro^'  have  entitled  themselves  to  the  thTnks  of 
the  profession  of  their  country,  for  this  timeous  and 
^^^^t^^^U<iition.-Nashviu/ Journal  of  MeZtne. 
As  a  book  of  reference,  therefore,  this  work  must 
prove  of  inestimable  value,  and  we  cannot  too  highly 

^ri^a'.°lon.A^r'""''  '"  '"'''  Practitioner.- 


RIG8Y    (EDWARD),    M.  D 

ON  THE  CONSTITOTIoTAt'TREAT'SNr&"?^MALE  DISEASES 

In  one  neat  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  about  250  pages      SI  00  -t^ifei^Abi^.S. 

ROYLE'S   MATERIA    MEDICA^ANlTllIERAPEUTir^  •    ;.  i  a-       .x. 

Preparations  of  the  Pharmaeopceias  of  London    Fdinh.^^ih    n  t^  V^  ^     IDcludlDg    the 

With  many  new  medicines.     Edited  by  Joseph  Carson  il'^D^wTth'"^  ""'  the  United  States. 
In  one  large  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  about  700  p^es.     $.3  00     '^'"'^^>''*''§^^'  illustrations 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS.  27 


RAMSBOTHAM  (FRANCIS  H.),   M.D. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  OBSTETRIC  MEDICINE  AND 

SURGERY,  in  reference  to  the  Process  of  Parturition.  A  nev/  and  enlarged  edition,  tlioroughly 
revised  by  the  Author.  With  Additions  by  W.  V.  Keating,  M.  D.  In  one  large  and  handsome 
imperial  octavo  volume,  of  650  pages,  strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bands;  with  sixty- 
four  beautiful  Plates,  and  numerous  Wood-cuts  in  the  text,  containing  in  all  nearly  two  hundred 
large  and  beautiful  figures.    $5  00. 

In  calling  the  attention  of  the  profession  to  the  new  edition  of  this  standard  work,  the  publishers 
would  remark  that  no  elibrts  have  been  spared  to  secure  for  it  a  continuance  and  extension  of  the 
remarkable  favor  with  which  it  has  been  received.  The  last  London  issue,  which  was  considera- 
bly ^ilarged,  has  received  a  further  revision  from  the  author,  especially  for  this  country.  Its  pas- 
sage through  the  press  here  has  been  supervisetl  by  Dr.  Keating,  who  has  made  numerous  addi- 
tions with  a  view  of  presenting  more  fully  whatever  was  necessary  to  adapt  it  thoroughly  to 
American  modes  of  practice.  In  its  mechanical  execution,  a  like  superiority  over  former  editions 
will  be  found. 

From.  Prof.  Hodge,  of  the  University  of  Pa. 
To  the  American  public,  it  is  most  valuable,  from  its  intrinsic  undoubted  excellence,  and  as  being 
the  best  authorized  exponent  of  British  Midwifery.    Its  circulation  will,  I  trust,  be  extensive  throughout 
our  country. 

The  publishers  have  shown  their  appreciation  of  [  cine  and  Surgery  to  our  library,  and  confidently 
the  merits  of  this  work  and  secured  its  success  by  '■  recommend  it  to  our  readers,  with  the  assurance 
the  truly  elegant  style  in  which  they  have  brought ,  that  it  will  not  disappoint  their  most  sanguine  ex- 
it out,  excelling  themselves  in  its  production,  espe-  |  pectations. —  Western  Lancet. 


eially  in  its  plates.  It  is  dedicated  to  Prof.  Meigs, 
and  has  the  emphatic  endorsement  of  Prof.  Hodge, 
as  the  best  exponent  of  British  Midwifery.  We 
know  of  no  text-book  which  deserves  in  all  respects 
to  be  more  highly  recommended  to  students,  and  we 
could  wish  to  see  it  in  the  hands  of  every  practitioner, 
for  they  will  find  it  invaluable  for  reference. — Med. 
Gazette. 

But  once  in  a  long  time  some  brilliant  genius  rears 
his  head  above  the  horizon  of  science,  and  illumi- 
nates and  purifies  every  department  that  he  investi- 
gates ;  and  his  works  become  types,  by  which  innu- 
merable imitators  model  their  feeble  productions. 
Such  a  genius  we  find  in  the  younger  Ramsbotham, 
and  such  a  type  we  find  in  the  work  now  before  us. 
The  binding,  paper,  type,  the  engravings  and  wood- 
cuts are  all  so  excellent  as  to  make  this  book  one  of 
the  finest  specimens  of  the  art  of  printing  that  have 
given  such  a  world-wide  reputation  to  its  enter- 
prising and  liberal  publishers.  We  welcome  Rams- 
botham's  Principles  and  Practice  of  Obstetric  Medi- 


It  is  unnecessary  to  say  anything  in  regard  to  the 
utility  of  this  work.  It  is  already  appreciated  in  our 
country  for  the  value  of  the  matter,  the  clearness  of 
its  style,  and  the  fulness  of  its  illustrations.  To  the 
physician's  library  it  is  indispensable,  while  to  the 
student  as  a  text-book,  from  which  to  extract  the 
material  for  laying  the  foundation  of  an  education  on 

obstetrical  science,  it  has  no  superior Ohio  Med. 

and  Surg.  Journal. 

We  will  only  add  that  the  student  will  learn  from 
it  all  he  need  to  know,  and  the  practitioner  will  find 

it,  as  a  book  of  reference,  surpassed  by  none  other. 

Stethoscope. 

The  character  and  merits  of  Dr.  Ramsbotham's 
work  are  so  well  known  and  thoroughly  established, 
that  comment  is  unnecessary  and  praise  superfluous. 
The  illustrations,  which  are  numerous  and  accurate, 
are  executed  in  the  highest  style  of  art.     We  cannot 

too  highly  recommend  the  work  to  our  readers. St. 

Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


SCHOEDLER(FRIEDRICH),   PH.D., 

Professor  of  the  Natural  Sciences  at  Worms,  &c. 

THE   BOOK   OF   NATURE;    an  Elementary  Introduction  to  the  Sciences  of 

Physics,  Astronomy,  Chemistry,  Mineralogy,  Geology,  Botany,  Zoology,  and  Physiology.  First 
American  edition,  with  a  Glossary  and  other  Additions  and  Improvements;  from  the  second 
English  edition.  Translated  from  the  sixth  German  edition,  by  Henry  Medlock,  F.  C.  S.,  &c. 
In  one  volume,  small  octavo,  extra  cloth,  pp.  692,  with  679  illustrations.    $1  80. 


SMITH    (HENRY    H.),    M.D., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  &c. 

MINOR  SURGERY;  or,  Hints  on  the  Every-day  Duties  of  the  Surgeon.  Illus- 
trated by  two  hundred  and  forty-seven  illustrations.  Third  and  enlarged  edition.  In  one  hand- 
some royal  12ino.  volume,     pp.  456.     In  leather,  $2  25;  extra  cloth,  $2  00. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR,   AND 

HORNER  (WILLIAM  E.),   M.D., 
Late  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

AN  ANATOMICAL  ATLAS,  illustrative  of  the  Structure  of  the  Human  Body. 

In  one  volume,  large  imperial  octavo,  extra  cloth,  with  about  six  hundred  and  fifty  beautiful 
figures.     $3  00. 


These  figures  are  well  selected,  and  present  a 
complete  and  accurate  representation  of  that  won- 
derful fabric,  the  human  body.  The  plan  of  this 
Atlas,  which  renders  it  so  peculiarly  convenient 
for  the  student,  and  its  superb  artistical  execution, 
have  been  already  pointed  out.     VVe  must  congratu- 


late the  student  upon  the  completion  of  this  Atlas, 
as  it  is  the  most  convenient  work  of  the  kind  that 
has  yet  appeared  ;  and  we  must  add,  the  very  beau- 
tiful manner  in  which  it  is  "  got  up"  is  so  creditable 
to  the  country  as  to  be  flattering  to  our  national 
pride. — American  Medical  Journal. 


SMITH   (W.   TYLER),   M.  D., 

Physician  Accoucheur  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  &c. 

ON   PARTURITION,   AND   THE    PRINCIPLES    AND    PRACTICE    OF 

OBSTETRICS.     In  one  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  400  pages.     $125. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  PATHOLOGY  AND  TREATMENT 

OF  LEUCORRHOi^A.     With  numerous  illustrations.     In  oue  very  handsome  octavo  volume 
extra  cloth,  of  about  250  pages.     $1  50. 


28 


BLANCHARD    &   LEA'S    MEDICAL 


SHARPEY  (WILLIAM),    M.D.,   JONES   QUAIN,    M.D.,  AND 

RICHARD   QUAIN,    F.  R.  S.,  &c. 

HUMAN  ANATOMY.     Revised,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Joseph  Leidt, 

M.  D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.     Complete  in  tvsro  large  octavo 

volumes,  leather,  of  about  thirteen  hundred  pages.     Beautifully  illustrated  with  over  five  hundred 

engravings  on  wood.     $6  00. 

We  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  this  trea-  I  perhaps,  in  any  language,  which  brings  the  state 
tise  on  anatomy  as  the  most  complete  on  that  sub-  of  knowledge  forward  to  the  most  recent  disco- 
ject  in  the  English  language;    and   the  only   one,  \  veriea.— The  Edinburgh  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

SARGENT  (F.  W.),   M.  D. 

ON  BANDAama  and  other  operations  of  minor  surgery. 

Second  edition,  enlarged.     One  handsome  royal  12mo.  vol.,  of  nearly  400  pages,  with  182  wood- 
cuts.    Extra  cloth,  $1  40;  leather,  $1  50. 


Sargent's  Minor  Surgery  has  always  been  popular, 
and  deservedly  so.  It  furnishes  that  knowledge  of  the 
most  frequently  requisite  performances  of  surgical 
art  which  cannot  be  entirely  understood  by  attend- 
ing clinical  lectures.  The  art  of  bandaging,  which 
is  regularly  taught  in  Europe,  is  very  frequently 
overlooked  by  teachers  in  this  country;  the  student 
and  junior  practitioner,  therefore,  may  often  require 
that  knowledge  which  this  little  volume  so  tersely 
and  happily  supplies. — Charleston  Med.  Journ.  and 
Review,  March,  1856. 


A  work  that  has  been  bo  long  and  favorably  known 
to  the  profession  as  Dr.  Sargent's  Minor  Surgery, 
needs  no  commendation  from  us.  We  would  remark, 
however,  in  this  connection,  that  minor  surgery  sel- 
dom gets  that  attention  in  our  schools  that  its  im- 
portance deserves.  Our  larger  works  are  also  very 
defective  in  their  teaching  on  these  small  practical 
points.  This  little  book  will  supply  the  void  which 
all  must  feel  who  have  not  studied  its  pages. — West- 
ern Lancet,  March,  1856. 


SKEY'S  OPERATIVE  SURGERY.  In  one  very 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  over  650 
pages,  with  about  one  hundred  wood-cuts.  $3  25. 

STANLEY'S  TREATISE  ON  DISEASES  OF 
THE  BONES .  In  one  volume,  octavo,  extra  cloth, 
286  pages.    SI  50. 

SOLLY  ON  THE  HUMAN  BRAIN;  its  Structure, 
Pliysiology,  and  Diseases.     From  the  Second  and 


much  enlarged  London  edition.  In  one  octavo 
volume,  extra  cloth,  of  500  pages,  with  120  wood- 
cuts.   $2  00. 

SIMON'S  GENERAL  PATHOLOGY,  as  conduc- 
ive to  the  Establishment  of  Rational  Principles 
for  the  prevention  and  Cure  of  Disease.  In  one 
neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  212  pages. 
$1  25. 


TANNER   (T.    HJ,    M .  D., 

Physician  to  the  Hospital  for  Women,  &c. 

A  MANUAL  OF  CLINICAL  MEDICINE  AND  PHYSICAL  DIAGNOSIS. 

To  which   is  added  The  Code   of  Ethics   of   the  American    JVIedical  Association.      Second 

American  Edition.     In  one  neat  volume,  small  r2mo.,  extra  cloth,  87j  cents. 

The  work  is  an  honor  to  its  writer,  and  must  ob-  I  tioners,  it  has  only  to  be  seen,  to  win  for  itself  a 

tain  a  wide  circulation  by  its  intrinsic  merit  alone,     place  upon  the   shelves  of  every  medical  library. 

Suited  alike  to  the  \>i-nts  of  students  and  practi-  j — Boston  Med  and  Surg.  Journal. 


Now  Com'plete. 

TODD  (ROBERT  BENTLEY),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Physiology  in  King's  College,  London;  and 

WILLIAM  BOWMAN,  F.  R.  S., 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  King's  College,  London. 

THE  PHYSIOLOGICAL  ANATOMY  AND  PHYSIOLOGY  OF  MAN.    With 

about  three  hundred  large  and  beautiful  illustrations  on  wood.     Complete  in  one  large  octavo 

volume,  of  950  pages,  leather.     Price  $4  50. 

^W  Gentlemen  who  have  received  portions  of  this  work,  as  published  in  the  '<  Medical  News 
AND  Library,"  can  now  complete  their  copies,  if  immediate  application  be  made.  It  will  be  fur- 
nished as  follows,  free  by  mail,  in  paper  covers,  with  cloth  backs. 

Parts  I.,  II.,  III.  (pp.  25  to  5-52),  $2  50. 

Part  IV.  (pp.  553  to  end,  with  Title,  Preface,  Contents,  &c.),  $2  00. 

Or,  Part  IV.,  Section  II.  (pp.  725  to  end,  with  Title,  Preface,  Contents,  &c.),  $1  25. 


A  magnificent  contribution  to  British  medicine, 
and  theAmerican  physician  who  shall  fail  to  peruse 
it,  will  have  failed  to  read  one  of  the  most  instruc- 
tive books  of  the  nineteenth  century. — N.  O.  Med 
and  Surg.  Journal,  Sept.  1857. 

It  is  more  concise  than  Carpenter's  Principles,  and 
more  modern  than  the  accessible  edition  of  Muller'e 
Elements;  its  details  are  brief,  but  sufficiert;  its 
descriptions  vivid  ;  its  illustrations  exact  and  copi- 
ous ;  and  its  language  terse  and  perspicuous — 
Charleston  Med.  Journal,  July,  1857. 

We  know  of  nc  work  on  the  subject  of  physiology 
so  well  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  medical  student. 
Its  completion  has  been  thus  long  delayed,  that  the 
authors  might  secure  accuracy  by  personal  observa- 
tion.— St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  Sept.  '57. 


One  of  the  very  best  books  ever  issued  from  any 
medical  press.  We  think  it  indispensable  to  every 
reading  medical  man,  and  it  may,  with  all  propriety, 
and  with  the  utmost  advantage  be  macea  text-book 
by  any  student  who  would  thoroughly  comprehend 
the  groundwork  of  medicine. — N.  O.  Med.  News, 
June,  1857. 

Our  notice,  though  it  conveys  but  a  very  feeble 
and  imperfect  idea  of  the  magnitude  and  importance 
of  the  work  no'iv  under  consideration,  already  tran- 
scends our  limits  ;  and,  with  the  indulgmce  of  our 
readers,  and  the  hope  that  they  will  peruse  the  book 
for  themselves,  as  we  feel  we  can  with  confidence 
recommend  it,  we  leave  it  in  their  hands  for  them 
to  judge  of  Its  merits. — The  Northwestern  Med.  and 
Surg.  Journal,  Oct.  1857. 


TODD  (R.   B.),   M.  D.,    F.  R.  S.,   &.c. 
CLINICAL  LECTURES  ON  CERTAIN  DISEASES  OF  THE  URINARY 

ORGANS  AND  ON  DROPSIES.    In  one  octavo  volume.     {Just  Issued,  1857.)    $1  50. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


TAYLOR  (ALFRED  S.),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Lecturer  on  Medical  Jurisprudence  and  Chemistry  in  Guy's  Hospital. 

MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE.     Fourth  American  Edition.     With  Notes  and 

References  to  American  Decisions,  by  Edward  Haktshorne,  M.  D.   In  one  large  octavo  volume, 

leather,  of  over  seven  hundred  pages.     $3  00. 

This  standard  work  has  lately  received  a  very  thorough  revision  at  the  hands  of  the  author,  who 
has  introduced  whatever  was  necessary  to  render  it  complete  and  satisfactory  in  carrying  out  the 
objects  in  view.  Tne  editor  has  likewise  used  every  exertion  to  make  it  equally  thorouo-h  with 
regard  to  ail  matters  relating  to  the  practice  of  this  country.  In  doing  this,  he  has  carefully  ex- 
amined all  that  has  appeared  on  the  subject  since  the  publication  of  the  last  edition,  and  has  incorpo- 
rated all  the  new  information  thus  presented.  The  work  has  thus  been  considerably  increased  lu 
size,  notwithstanding  which,  it  has  been  kept  at  its  former  very  moderate  price,  and  in  every  respect 
it  will  be  found  worthy  of  a  continuance  of  the  remarkable  favor  which  has  carried  it  throuo-h  so 
many  editions  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.     A  few  notices  of  the  former  editions  are  appended. 


We  know  of  no  work  on  Medical  Jurisprudence 
which  contains  in  the  same  space  anything  like  the 
same  amount  of  valuable  matter. — JV.  Y.  Journal  of 
Medicine. 

No  work  upon  the  subject  can  be  put  into  the 
hands  of  students  either  of  law  or  medicine  which 
will  engage  them  more  closely  or  profitably;  and 
none  could  be  offered  to  the  busy  practitioner  of 
either  calling,  for  the  purpose  of  casual  or  hasty 
reference,  that  would  be  more  likely  to  afford  the  aid 
desired.  We  therefore  recommend  it  as  the  best  and 
safest  manual  for  daily  use. — American  Journal  oj 
Medical  Sciences. 

This  work  of  Dr.  Taylor's  is  generally  acknow- 
ledged to  be  one  of  the  ablest  extant  on  the  subject 
of  medical  jurisprudence.  It  is  certainly  one  of  the 
most  attractive  books  that  we  have  met  with  ;  sup- 
plying so  much  both  to  interest  and  instruct,  that 


we  do  not  hesitate  to  afRrm  that  after  havino-  once 
commenced  its  perusal,  few  could  be  prevailed  upon 
to  desist  before  completing  it.  In  the  last  London 
edition,  all  the  newly  observed  and  accurately  re- 
corded facts  have  been  inserted,  including  much  that 
is  recent  of  Chemical,  Microscopical,  and  Patholo- 
gical research,  besides  papers  on  numerous  subjects 
never  before  published.-CAaWesioji  Medical  Journal 
and  Review. 

It  is  not  excess  of  praise  to  say  that  the  volume 
before  us  is  the  very  best  treatise  extant  on  Medical 
Jurisprudence.  In  saying  this,  we  do  not  wish  to 
be  understood  as  detracting  from  the  merits  of  the 
excellent  works  of  Beck,  Ryan,  Traill,  Guy,  and 
others;  but  in  interest  and  value  we  tliink  it  must 
be  conceded  that  Taylor  is  superior  to  anything  that 
has  preceded  it.— iV.  W.  Medical  and  Surg.  Journal. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     [Nearly  Ready.} 

ON  POISONS,  IN  RELATION  TO   MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE  AND 

MEDICINE.     Second  American,  from  a  second  and  revised  London  edition.     In  one  large 
octavo  volume. 

The  length  of  time  which  has  elapsed  since  the  first  appearance  of  this  work,  has  wrought  so 
great  a  change  in  the  subject,  as  to  require  a  very  tjiorough  revision  to  adapt  the  volume  to  the 
present  wants  of  the  profession.  The  rapid  advance  of  Chemistry  has  introduced  into  u>e  many 
new  substances  which  may  become  fatal  through  accident,  carelessness,  or  design — while  at  the 
same  time  it  has  likewise  designated  new  and  more  exact  modes  of  counteracting  or  detecting  those 
previously  treated  of.  Mr.  Taylor's  position  as  the  leading  medical  jurist  of  England,  has  during 
this  period  conferred  on  him  extraordinary  advantages  in  acquiring  experience  in  all  that  relates  to 
this  department,  nearly  all  cases  of  moment  being  referred  to  him  for  examination,  as  an  expert 
whose  testimony  is  generally  accepted  as  final.  The  results  of  his  labors,  therefore,  as  gathered 
together  in  this  volume,  carefully  weighed  and  sifted,  and  presented  in  the  clear  and  intelligible 
style  for  which  he  is  noted,  may  be  received  as  an  acknowledged  authority,  and  as  a  guide  To  be 
followed  with  implicit  confidence. 


WILSON  (MARRIS),   M,  D. 
ON  DISEASES  OP  THE  VESICULJE  SEMINALES. 

page  ly. 


See  "Lallemand," 


WILLIAMS  (C.   J,   B.),    M.D.,    F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  in  University  College,  London,  &c. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  MEDICINE.     An  Eleraentaiy  View  of  the  Causes,  Nature, 

Treatment,  Diagnosis,  and  Prognosis  of  Disease;  with  brief  remarks  on  Hygienics,  or  the  pre- 
servation of  health.  A  new  American,  from  the  third  and  revised  London  edition.  In  one  octavo 
volume,  leather,  of  about  500  pages,     f  2  50.     {Just  Issued.) 

The  very  recent  and  thorough  revision  which  this  work  has  enjoyed  at  the  hands  of  the  author 
has  brought  it  so  completely  up  to  the  present  state  of  the  subject  that  in  reproducing  it  no  additions 
have  been  found  necessary.  The  success  which  the  work  has  heretofore  met  shows  that  its  im- 
portance has  been  appreciated,  and  in  its  present  form  it  will  be  found  eminently  worthy  a  continu- 
ance of  the  same  favor,  possessing  as  it  does  the  strongest  claims  to  the  attention  of  the  medical 
student  and  practitioner,  from  the  admirable  manner  in  which  the  various  inquiries  in  the  dilferent 
branches  of  pathology  are  investigated,  combined  and  generalized  by  an  experienced  practical  phy- 
sician, and  directly  applied  to  the  investigation  and  treatment  of  disease. 
We  find  that  the  deeply-interesting   matter  and 


style  of  this  book  have  so  far  fascinated  us,  that  we 
have  unconsciously  hung  upon  its  pages,  not  too 
long,  indeed,  for  our  own  profit,  but  longer  than  re- 
viewers can  be  permitted  to  indulge.  We  leave  the 
further  analysis  to  the  student  and  practitioner.  Our 
judgment  of  the  work  has  already  been  sufficiently 
expressed.  It  is  a  judgment  of  almost  unqualified 
praise.  The  work  is  not  of  a  controversial,  but  of 
a  didactic  character;  and  as  such  we  hail  it,  and 


recommend  it  for  a  text-book,  guide,  and  constant 
eumpanion  to  every  practitioner  and  every  student 
who  wishes  to  extricate  himself  from  the  well-worn 
ruts  of  empiricism,  and  to  base  his  practice  of  medi- 
cine upon  principles.— Lonrfora  Lancet. 

A  text-book  to  which  no  other  in  our  language  is 
comparable.— C/iarZe5«on  Medical  Journal. 

No  work  has  ever  achieved  or  maintained  a  more 
deserved  reputation.- Fa.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


WHITEHEAD  ON  THE  CAUSES  AND  TREAT- 
MENT  OF    ABORTION    AND   STERILITY. 


Second  American  Edition.    In  one  volume,  octa- 
vo, extra  cloth,  pp   308.     f  1    75. 


30  BLANCHARDaz;    LEA'S    MEDICAL 

Ne-w  and  much  enlarged  edition — (No-w  Ready,  Oct.  1858.) 

WATSON   (THOMAS),    M.  D.,    fitc. 

Late  Physician  to  tlie  Middlesex  Elospital,   &c. 

LECTURES    ON    THE    PRINCIPLES    AND    PRACTICE    OF   PHYSIC. 

Delivered  at  King's  College,  London.     A  new  American,  from  the  las^t  revised  and  enlarged 
English  edition,  with  Additions,  by  D.  Francis  Condie,  M.  U.,  author  of  "A  Practical  Treatise 
on  the  Diseases  of  Children,"  &c.     With  one  hundred  and  eighty. five  illustrations  on  wood.     In 
one  very  large  and  handsome  volume,  imperial  octavo,  of  over  1200  closely  printed  pages  in 
small  type  ;  the  whole  strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bands.     Price  $4  25. 
The  publishers  feel  that  they  are  rendering  a  service  to  the  American  profession  in  presenting  at 
so  very  moderate  a  price  this  vast  body  of  sound  practical  information.     Whether  as  a  guide  for 
the  student  entering  on  a  course  of  instruction,  or  as  a  book  of  reference  for  daily  consultation  by 
the  practitioner,  "  Watson's  Practice"  has  long  been  regarded  as  second  to  none;  the  soundness 
and  fulness  of  its  teachings,  the  breadth  and  liberality  of  its  views,  and  the  easy  and  flowing  style 
ill  which  it  is  written  having  won  for  it  the  position  of  a  general  favorite.     That  this  high  reputa- 
tion might  be  fully  maintained,  the  author  has  subjected  it  to  a  thorough  revision ;  every  portion 
has  been  examined  with  the  aid  of  the  most  recent  researches  in  pathology,  and  the  results  of 
modern  investigations  in  both  theoretical  and  practical  subjects  have  been  carefully  weighed  and 
embodied  throughout  its  pages.      The  watchful  scrutiny  of  the  editor  has  likewise  introduced 
whatever  possesses  immediate  importance  to  the  American  physician  in  relation  to  diseases  inci- 
dent to  our  climate  which  are  little  known  in  England,  as  well  as  those  points  in  which  experience 
here  has  led  to  different  modes  of  practice  ;  and  he  has  also  added  largely  to  the  series  of  illustra- 
tions, believing  that  in  this  manner  valuable  assistance  may  be  conveyed  to  the  student  in  elucidat- 
ing the  text.     The  work  will,  therefore,  be  found  thoroughly  on  a  level  with  the  most  advanced 
state  of  medical  science  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 

The  additions  which  the  work  has  received  are  shown  by  the  fact  that  notwithstanding  an  en- 
largement in  the  size  of  the  page,  more  than  two  hundred  additional  pages  have  been  necessary 
to  accommodate  the  two  large  volumes  of  the  London  edition  (which  sells  at  ten  dollars),  within 
the  compass  of  a  single  volume,  and  in  its  present  form  it  contains  the  matter  of  at  least  three 
ordinary  octavos.  Believing  it  to  be  a  work  whicli  should  lie  on  the  table  of  every  physician,  and 
be  in  the  hands  of  every  student,  the  publishers  have  put  it  at  a  price  within  the  reach  of  all,  making 
it  one  of  the  cheapest  books  as  yet  presented  to  the  American  profession,  while  at  the  same  time 
the  beauty  of  its  mechanical  execution  renders  it  an  exceedingly  attractive  volume. 

It  would  appear  almost  superfluous  to  adduce  commendatory  notices  of  a  work  which  has  so 
long  been  established  in  the  position  of  a  standard  authority  as  "Watson's  Practice."  A  few  ex- 
tracts are,  however,  subjoined  from  reviews  of  the  new  and  improved  edition. 

The  fourth  edition  now  appears,  so  carefully  re-  [  Tne  lecturer's  skill,  his  wisdom,  his  learning, are 
vised,  as  to  add  considerably  to  the  value  of  a  book  equalled  by  the  ease  of  his  graceful  diction,  his  elo- 
already  acknowledged,  wherever  the  English  Ian-  !  quence,  and  the  far  higher  qualities  of  candor,  of 
guage  is  read,  to  be  beyond  all  comparison  the  best  courtesy,  of  modesty,  and  of  generous  appreciation 
systematic  work  on  the  Principles  and  Practice  of  of  merit  in  others.  May  he  long  remain  to  instruct 
Physic  in  the  whole  range  of  medical  literature.  |  us,  and  to  enjoy,  in  the  glorious  sunset  of  his  de- 
Every  lecture  contains  proof  of  the  extreme  anxiety  I  dining  years,  the  honors,  the  confidence  and  love 
of  the  author  to  keep  pace  with 'he  advancing  know- I  gained  during  his  useful  life. — N.  A.  Med-Chir. 
ledge  of  the  day,  and  to  bring  the   results  of  the  |  Review,  July,  1S5S. 

labors,  not  only  of  physicians,  l)ut  of  chemists  and  i      „.  ^       .  •     ,,   j  i_  ,    ,  , 

histoU-gists,  before  his  readers,  wherever  they  can!      Watson's    unrivalled,    perhaps     unapproachable 


be  turned  to  useful  account.  And  this  is  done  with 
such  a  cordial  appreciation  of  the  merit  due  to  the 
industrious  observer,  such  a  generous  desire  to  en- 
courage younger  and  rising  men,  and  such  a  candid 
acknowledgment  of  his  own  obligations  to  them, 
that  one  scarcely  knows  whetlier  to  admire  most  the 
pure,  simple,  forcible  English — the  vast  amount  of 
useful  practical  information  condensed  into  the 
Lectures — or  the  manly,  kind-hearted,  unassuming 
character  of  the  lecturer  shining  through  his  work. 
— London  Med.  Times  and  Gazette,  Oct.  31,  1857. 

Thus  these  admirable  volumes  come  before  the 
profession  in  their  fourth  edition,  abounding  in  those 
distinguished  attributes  of  moderation,  judgment, 
erudite  cultivation,  clearness,  and  eloquence,  with 
which  they  were  from  the  first  invested,  but  yet 
richer  than  before  in  the  results  of  more  prolonged 
observation,  and  in  the  able  appreciation  of  the 
latest  advances  in  pathology  and  medicine  by  one 
of  the  most  profound  medical  thinkers  of  the  day. — 
London  Lancet,  Nov.  14,  1857. 


work  on  Practice — the  copious  addiuons  made  to 
which  (the  fourth  edition)  have  given  it  all  the  no- 
velty and  much  of  the  interest  of  a  new  book. — 
Charleston  Med.  Journal,  July,  1858. 

Lecturers,  practitioners,  and  students  of  medicine 
will  equally  hail  the  reappearance  of  the  work  of 
Dr.  Watson  in  the  form  of  a  new — a  fourth— edition. 
AVe  merely  do  justice  to  our  own  feelings,  and,  we 
are  sure,  of  the  whole  profession,  if  we  thank  him 
for  having,  in  the  trouble  and  turmoil  of  a  large 
practice,  made  leisure  to  supply  the  hiatus  caused 
by  the  exhaustion  of  the  puhlisher's  stock  of  the 
tliird  edition,  which  has  been  severely  felt  for  the 
last  three  years.  For  Dr.  Watson  has  not  merely 
caused  the  lectures  to  be  reprinted,  but  scattered 
through  the  whole  work  we  find  additions  or  altera- 
tions which  prove  that  the  author  has  in  every  way 
sought  to  bring  up  his  teaching  to  the  level  of  the 
most  recent  acquisitions  in  science. — Brit,  and  For. 
Medico-Ckir.  Review,  Jan.  1858. 


WHAT   TO   OBSERVE 
AT    THE    BEDSIDE    AND    AFTER   DEATH,    IN    MEDICAL    CASES. 

Published  under  the  authority  of  the  London  Society  for  Medical  Observation.     Anew  American, 

from  the  second  and  revised  London  edition.     In  one  very  handsome  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra 

cloth.     $1  00. 

To  the  observer  who  prefers  accuracy  to  blunders  I      One  of  the  finest  aids  to  a  young  practitioner  we 
and  precision  to  carelessness,  this  little  book  is  in-     have  ever  seen. — Peninsular  Journal  of  Medicint. 
valuable. — N.  H.  Journal  of  Medicine.  I 


WILDE   (W,    R.), 

Surgeon  to  St.  Mark's  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Hospital,  Dublin. 

AURAL  SURGERY,  AND  THE  NATURE  AND  TREATMENT  OF  DIS- 
EASES OF  THE  EAR.  Inj)ne  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  476  pages,  with 
illustrations.    f2  80.    j  Q^^~^ 


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